U.S. Department of Justice

Community Relations Service

BULLETIN

The Community Relations Service (CRS), an arm of the

U.S. Department of Justice, is a specialized Federal

conciliation service available to State and local officials to

help resolve and prevent racial and ethnic conflict, violence

and civil disorders. When governors, mayors, police chiefs,

and school superintendents need help to defuse racial crises,

they can turn to CRS. CRS helps local officials and

residents tailor locally defined resolutions when conflict

and violence threaten community stability and well-being.

CRS conciliators assist in identifying the sources of

violence and conflict and utilizing specialized crisis

management and violence reduction techniques which work

best for each community. CRS has no law enforcement

authority and does not impose solutions, investigate or

prosecute cases, or assign blame or fault. CRS conciliators

are required by law to conduct their activities in confidence,

without publicity, and are prohibited from disclosing

confidential information.

The Bureau of Justice Statistics reported in “Hate Crimes

Reported in NIBRS (National Incident-Based Reporting

System), 1997-1999,” that between 1997 and 1999, 61

percent of hate crime incidents were motivated by race and

another 11 percent by ethnicity. Of incidents motivated by

religion, 41 percent targeted Jewish victims. CRS

responded to hundreds of bias-motivated hate crime cases

that caused or intensified community racial and ethnic

tensions. As authorized by the Civil Rights Act of 1964,

CRS became involved only in those cases in which the

alleged perpetrator was motivated, or perceived to be

motivated, by the victim's race, color, or national origin.

Hate Crime

Hate crime is the violence of intolerance and bigotry,

intended to hurt and intimidate someone because of their

race, ethnicity, national origin, religious, sexual orientation,

or disability. The purveyors of hate use explosives, arson,

weapons, vandalism, physical violence, and verbal threats

of violence to instill fear in their victims, leaving them

vulnerable to more attacks and feeling alienated, helpless,

suspicious, and fearful. Others may become frustrated and

angry if they believe the local government and other groups

in the community will not protect them. When perpetrators

of hate are not prosecuted as criminals and their acts not

publicly condemned, their crimes can weaken even those

communities with the healthiest race relations.

Of all crimes, hate crimes are most likely to create or

exacerbate tensions, which can trigger larger communitywide racial conflict, civil disturbances, and even riots. Hate

crimes put cities and towns at-risk of serious social and

economic consequences. The immediate costs of racial

conflicts and civil disturbances are police, fire, and medical

personnel overtime, injury or death, business and residential

property loss, and damage to vehicles and equipment.

Long-term recovery may be hindered by a decline in

property values, which results in lower tax revenues,

scarcity of funds for rebuilding, and increased insurance

rates.

Victims and Perpetrators

According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics, in “Hate

Crimes Reported in NIBRS, 1997-1999,” racially motivated

hate crimes most frequently target blacks. Six in 10 racially

biased incidents targeted blacks, and 3 in 10 people targeted

whites. Hispanics of all races were targeted in 6.7 percent

of incidents and Asians in 3 percent. Younger offenders

were responsible for most hate crimes and most of their

victims were between 11 and 31. The age of victims of

violent hate crimes drops dramatically after age 45. Thirtyone percent of violent offenders and 46 percent of property

offenders were under age 18. Thirty-two percent of hate

crimes occurred in a residence, 28 percent in an open space,

19 percent in a retail/commercial establishment or public

building, 12 percent at a school or college, and 3 percent at

a church, synagogue, or temple.

Some perpetrators commit hate crimes with their peers as a

"thrill" or while under the influence of drugs or alcohol;

some as a reaction against a perceived threat or to preserve

their "turf'; and some out of resentment over the growing

economic power of a particular racial or ethnic group

engage in scapegoating.

Hate Crime: The Violence of Intolerance

Community Relations Service, U.S. Department of Justice Hate Crime: The Violence of Intolerance ❏ 1

CRS
Examples of CRS Hate Crime Cases

In Anchorage, A l a s k a, after white youths videotaped

themselves shooting Native Alaskans with paint balls, CRS

worked with community groups, citizens, as well as state

and local officials to calm community concerns. In

response to the incident, CRS trained Anchorage Police

Department Academy recruits to increase the ability and

skills when interacting with people of color. CRS provided

officers with additional tools and conflict resolution skills.

Participants were provided an overview of services of

perspective organizations and shared strategies in

strengthening police-minority community relations and

methods of prevention and reduction of racial tensions.

In Springfield, Missouri, an African American male in the

company of a white female was stabbed at local Denny’s

restaurant by a group of white males. CRS worked with the

NAACP, local and federal law enforcement personnel, the

Assistant District Attorney, as well as the victim and his

family, to help maintain stable community relations and

assure that the situation was being fully addressed. 

Near San Diego, California, elderly immigrant workers

were attacked by white youths. The body of a Latino

immigrant youth was also discovered in the same vicinity as

the attacks on the workers. To help address community

concerns, CRS facilitated the distribution of factual

information about the case to a wide range of interests in the

community to reduce escalating tensions. 

When an African American employee of a construction

company in Marquette, Kansas, reported that he had been

racially harassed for several months by fellow employees

through racist graffiti and name-calling, CRS worked with

the NAACP and the construction company to improve race

relations in the workplace and develop an action plan.

After a Jewish synagogue was vandalized by four ArabAmerican males in Bronx, New York , CRS met with

Jewish community leaders, Arab-American community

leaders, and local officials. CRS helped open lines of

communication for the parties to express their concerns and

discuss ways to improve relations between the local Arab

and Jewish communities. 

CRS Assistance on School Issues

CRS assistance was requested by the Puyallup School

District in Puyallup, Wa s h i n g t o n. CRS helped the

Puyallup School District Superintendent and Diversity Task

Force develop a diversity plan to be incorporated into the

Puyallup School District comprehensive strategic plan.

CRS provided the school district with training on race and

cultural diversity, and assistance with community outreach

and crisis response.

When two students were reportedly harassed with racial and

sexual slurs at Bates College in Lewiston, Minnesota, CRS

helped the director of the Bates College Multi-cultural

program, Bates College officials, and the Lewiston Chief of

Police to develop a plan of action to address racial tensions

on campus.

In Duxbury, Vermont, an interracial family reported

harassment of their children at a local school. To address

the harassment, CRS met with school and state officials, as

well as the American Civil Liberties Union, to help develop

a plan of action to prevent further harassment and improve

race relations.

CRS Assistance on Housing Issues

In Modesto, California, an interracial couple reported a

firebomb thrown through their bedroom window. At the

request of educators, public officials, law enforcement

o fficers, and community leaders, CRS assisted in

developing a community response mechanism for

responding to hate crimes to address community concerns. 

At a Fair Housing Training Conference in F a i r f a x ,

Virginia, CRS facilitated cooperation and coordination

between local service agencies. CRS assistance also

strengthened conflict resolution mechanisms by the Fairfax

County Human Rights Commission to reduce tension with

refugee and immigrant groups.

When an elderly woman of African American descent was

reportedly removed from her public housing dwelling in

Kingsville, Texas, due to allegedly false and discriminatory

accusations, CRS brought together officials from the local

housing authority and leaders of the African American

community to ease community tensions.

In Boston, Massachusetts, local authorities received a

l a rge number of complaints of hate crimes and

discrimination facing residents of Boston’s Public Housing.

CRS worked with Boston’s Fair Housing Center of Greater

Boston to develop and implement programs to prevent and

respond to community tensions.

CRS Assistance on Business Issues

Community residents alleged that the local business climate

in New Britain, Connecticut, was hostile toward Hispanic

businesses. To help address the allegations, CRS organized

a meeting between Hispanic community leaders and

representatives from the Chamber of Commerce. At the

meeting the parties agreed to develop a seminar for business

leaders and incorporate the needs of Hispanic owned

businesses. 

2 ❏ Hate Crime: The Violence of Intolerance Community Relations Service, U.S. Department of Justice
When the Black Business Association of Atlantic City,

New Jersey, alleged discrimination against the African

American community in the awarding of business contracts

by the Casino Control Commission, CRS facilitated a

meeting with representatives from the mayor’s office, the

Casino Control Commission, and the Black Business

Association to identify concerns and prevent tensions from

escalating.

CRS Assistance on Church Burnings

CRS staff have worked directly with hundreds of rural,

suburban, and urban governments to help eliminate racial

distrust and polarization, promote multiracial efforts for

construction of new buildings, conduct race relations

training for community leaders and law enforcement

officers, conduct community dialogs, and provide technical

assistance in ways to bring together law enforcement

agencies and minority neighborhoods. 

CRS Best Practices to Prevent 

Hate Crimes from Escalating Racial

and Ethnic Tensions into Conflict or

Civil Disturbances

From years of experience with hundreds of hate crime cases

that have caused or intensified community-wide racial and

ethnic tensions, CRS recommends certain "best practices"

to prevent hate crimes and restore harmony in the

community.

Hate Crime Ordinances are a Deterrent

A core responsibility of government is to protect the civil

rights of its citizens and to advance its inherent obligation

to ensure good race and ethnic relations. This tenet should

not be abrogated and such a commitment requires no

special funding. A government can confirm its commitment

to the safety and well being of its citizens by establishing an

ordinance against hate crime activity or enhancing the

punishment for hate crime. It can also encourage

compliance with existing equal opportunity statutes.

◆ A local government may establish an ordinance against

hate activity modeled on existing hate crime law in

effect in that State. Punishment is enhanced by

p romulgating guidelines or amending existing

guidelines to provide varying offense levels for use in

sentencing. There should be reasonable consistency

with other guidelines, avoidance of duplicative

punishments for the same offense, and consideration of

any mitigating circumstances. Compliance with

existing statutes can be achieved by training law

e n f o rcement officers to enforce existing statutes,

imposing fines or penalties when ordinances are

violated, reviewing licenses or privileges, reviewing

tax exempt status, and providing incentives or awards.

A local government may also establish boards or

commissions to review and analyze hate crime activity,

create public service announcements, and recommend

measures to counter hate activity. In September 1994,

Congress also enacted a Federal hate crime penalty

enhancement statute (Public Law 103-322 § 28003),

which would increase the penalties for Federal crimes

where the victim was selected "because of the actual or

p e rceived race, color, religion, national origin,

ethnicity, gender, disability, or sexual orientation of

any person."

Local Actions to Improve Communication

A unresolved hate crime may escalate unresolved racial and

ethnic friction into a community-wide conflict or civil

disturbance. Communication and interaction between

majority and minority groups is often a key factor in

preventing tensions or restoring harmony.

◆ A Human Rights Commission (HRC) can facilitate and

coordinate discussions, training, and events for the

benefit of everyone. A HRC can create a forum for

talking about racial and ethnic relations and encourage

citizens to discuss their differences, commonalities,

hopes and dreams. Forums could focus on the common

f e a t u res of community life, including economic

development, education, transportation, environment,

cultural and re c reational opportunities, leadership,

community attitudes, and racial and ethnic diversity.

The Commission can use multicultural training and

special events to promote harmony and stability. Also,

see A Policymaker's Guide to Hate Crimes,

published by the Bureau of Justice Assistance (BJA),

US. Department of Justice. Contact BJA at: 1 800-688-

4252, or visit their home page at

www.ojp.usdoj.gov/BJA

Coalitions Create a Positive Climate

Racial and ethnic tensions increase during periods of

economic downswing. Hate crimes may occur when

unemployed or underemployed workers vent anger on

available scapegoats from minority groups.

◆ Coalitions of representatives from political, business,

civic, religious, and community organizations help

c reate a positive climate in the community and

encourage constructive dialogue. Coalitions can

recommend initiatives to help racial and ethnic

communities affected by the loss of jobs, including

programs and plans to help local government ensure an

equitable disbursement of public and private finds,

resources, and services.

Inclusion Increases Confidence in Government

Hate crimes can often be prevented by policies designed to

promote good racial and ethnic relations.

◆ Local governments can assure that everyone has access

to full participation in the municipality's decision

making processes, including equal opportunity for

Community Relations Service, U.S. Department of Justice Hate Crime: The Violence of Intolerance ❏ 3
4 ❏ Hate Crime: The Violence of Intolerance Community Relations Service, U.S. Department of Justice

minorities to be represented on appointed boards and

commissions. Local governments might institute a

policy of inclusion for appointments on boards and

commissions. The policy could re q u i re listing all

appointive positions and notifying all racial and ethnic

groups of open seats throughout minority media.

Schools and Police Must Work Together

Racial and ethnic tensions may increase in schools when

there are rapid demographic or socio-economic changes.

Tensions may result from the perception of unequal

educational opportunities or disparate practices in hiring

faculty and school staff.

◆ Preventing and dealing with hate crimes and hatebased gang activity in schools are the responsibility of

school and police officials, who should work together

to develop a plan to handle hate crimes and defuse

racial tensions. Hate crimes can be school-related,

community-related, or a combination of both. Officials

should consider prevention and response roles, identify

potential trouble sites, and plan for phased police

i n t e rvention. Tension can be eased by re g u l a r

communication with parents, students, media, and

other community organizations. Mediation and conflict

resolution classes develop the capacity of young people

to peacefully settle disputes and conflicts. For more

information on how to prevent and counter hate crime

in schools, contact the Office for Juvenile Justice and

Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP), U.S. Department of

Justice. See also OJJDP’s A National Hate Crime

Prevention Curriculum for Middle Schools. Contact

OJJDP at: 1-800-638-8736, or visit their home page at

www.ncjrs.org/ojjhome.htm

Rumors Fuel Racial Tensions and Conflict

Law enforcement officers believe rumors aggravate more

than two-thirds of all civil disturbances. When racial or

ethnic tensions may become heightened by exaggerated

rumors, a temporary rumor control and verification center is

an effective mechanism to ensure accurate information.

◆ A temporary rumor control and verification center

typically is operated 24 hours a day during the crisis

period by a local government agency. It is staffed by

professionals and trained volunteers. The media and

others should publicize the telephone number.

The Media Can Be a Helpful Ally

The influence of print and broadcast media is critical in

shaping public attitudes about the hate crime, its

perpetrators, and the law enforcement response.

◆ The media can play an important role in preventing

hate crimes from increasing community tensions. Local

officials should designate an informed single point-ofcontact for hate crime information. Accurate, thorough,

and responsible reporting significantly improves the

likelihood that stability and harmony will be restored.

The media can promote public understanding of

mediation and conflict resolution processes, and help

alleviate fear, suspicion, and anger.

Hate Crimes Must Be Investigated and Reported

Findings on the exact number of hate crimes and trends are

difficult to establish and interpretations about hate crimes

vary among individuals, law enforcement agencies, public

and private organizations, and community groups.

◆ A municipality should assure that its law enforcement

agencies adopt the model policy supported by the

International Association of Chiefs of Police (call 703-

836-6767) for investigating and reporting hate crimes.

This model policy uses the standard reporting form and

uniform definition of hate crime developed by the FBI

after passage of The Hate Crime Statistics Act (HCSA),

28 U.S.C. 534, enacted April 1990, as amended by the

Church Arson Prevention Act of June 1996 (The HCSA

also requires the collection of data on crimes based on

religion, sexual orientation, ethnicity, and disability).

The FBI offers training for law enforcement officers

and administrators on developing data collection

procedures. For more information, contact the FBI at

1-888-UCR-NIBR.CRS and the FBI recommend a twotier procedure for accurately collecting and reporting

hate crime case information. It includes: (1) the officer

on the scene of an alleged bias crime making an initial

determination that bias motivation is "suspected"; and

(2) a second officer or unit with more expertise in bias

matters making the final determination of whether a

hate crime has actually occurred For more

information, see the FBI’s Training Guide for Hate

Crime Data Collection and Hate Crime Data Collection

Guidelines. Call 304 625-4995. See also Hate/Bias

Crimes Train-the-Trainer Program, conducted by the

Nat’l Center for State, Local and International Law

E n f o rcement Training, Federal Law Enforc e m e n t

Training Center (FLETC), U.S. Tre a s u ry Dept.,

Contact FLETC at: 1-800-743-5382, x 3343.

Hate Crimes and Multi-jurisdictional Task Forces

Multi-jurisdictional or regional task forces are an effective

means of sharing information and combining resources to

counter hate crime activity.

◆ Some local governments have institutionalized sharing

of expertise and agency re s o u rces thro u g h

memorandums of understanding. For example,

creating a coalition of public and private agencies and

community organizations will give communities in the

county or region a complete and thorough range of

resources and information to promote racial and ethnic

relations and counter hate crimes. This network or

c o n s o rtium can also work with coalitions cre a t e d

especially to investigate and prosecute hate crimes.
Such a coalition might include the district attorney, the

city attorney, law enforcement agencies, and civil

rights, community, and educational organizations. This

partnership links prosecutory and law enforcement

agencies and community-based re s p o n s e

organizations. See also, Stopping Hate Crime: A Case

History from the Sacramento Police Department by

BJA, Contact BJA at: 1-800-688-4252.

Victims, Witnesses and Offenders Need Help

Nearly two thirds of all known perpetrators of hate crimes

are teenagers or young adults. When appropriate, a victimo ffender restitution program or offender counseling

program can be an effective sanction for juveniles.

◆ Educational counseling programs for young

perpetrators of hate crime can help dispel stereotypes,

prejudice, fears, and other motivators of hate crime.

Counseling may include sessions with members of

minority groups and visits to local corre c t i o n a l

facilities. In addition, "restorative justice," the concept

of healing both the victim and the offender while

regaining the trust of the community, may be

appropriate. The offenders are held accountable and

are expected to repair both the physical and emotional

damage caused by their actions.

To ensure a comprehensive response to hate crimes, the

needs of the victims must be served.

◆ For more information on how to meet the diverse needs

of both the immediate and secondary victims of hate

crimes, contact the Office for Victims of Crime (OVC),

US Department of Justice. 0 VC also provides funding

for State offices to provide victim assistance and victim

compensation services. See also OVC's National Bias

Crimes Training: For Law Enforcement and Victim

Assistance Professionals, Contact OVC at: 1-800-627-

6872, 301 519-5500, TTY 1-877-712-9279; or visit

OVC’s home page at www.ojp.usdoj.gov/ovc/

CRS Services that Defuse Hate Crime Activity

Victims, Witnesses and Offenders Need Help

Nearly two-thirds of all known perpetrators of hate crimes

are teenagers or young adults. When appropriate, a victimo ffender restitution program or offender counseling

program can be an effective sanction for juveniles. Hate

crimes threaten racial and ethnic relations and can escalate

community-wide tensions. CRS offers five types of

services to communities as part of its assessment with

elected officials and community leaders. CRS analyzed a

variety of indicators, including causes, potential for

violence or continued violence, extent of dialogue,

communication and interest in working cooperatively to

restore harmony and stability. The five services are:

◆ Mediation and Conciliation. Mediation and

conciliation are two techniques used by CRS to help

communities resolve tensions and conflicts arising

from hate crimes. CRS conciliators help community

groups and local government leaders work together to

help restore stability and harmony through orderly

dialogue and clarification of the issues. CRS establishes

with the parties the ground rules for discussion and

facilitates the meetings.

◆ Technical Assistance. CRS can assist local officials

and community leaders on developing and

implementing polices, practices, and procedures to

respond to hate crimes and to garner the support of

residents and organizations to ease tensions.

◆ Tr a i n i n g . CRS can conduct training sessions and

workshops to teach police officers and residents how

to recognize a hate crime, gain support of the

community early in the investigation, and begin the

identification of victims and witnesses to the crime.

CRS can teach community leaders and volunteers how

to prevent the likelihood of more hate crimes, and how

to work cooperatively with law enforcement.

Volunteers can help with rumor control, community

watch patrols, and information programs on hate

crimes and those who perpetrate such offenses.

◆ Public Education and Awareness. CRS can also

conduct hate crime prevention and education programs

in schools, colleges, and the community. T h e s e

programs break down barriers, build bridges of trust

across racial and ethnic lines, develop mutual respect,

and reduce fear. CRS helps to address conflicts and

violence, reduce tensions, develop plans to avoid

potential incidents, and conducts training programs for

students, teachers, administrators, and parents.

◆ School-based Programs. CRS offers school-based

conflict resolution and prevention programs. One

example is the Student Problem Identification and

Resolution (SPIR) program, a conflict resolution

program designed to identify and defuse racial tensions

involving students at the middle and high school levels.

SPIR assists school administrators in addressing racial

and ethnic tensions through a carefully structured

process that involves students, teach, administrators,

and parents. A further expansion of this successful

program, call Student Problem Identification and

Resolving It Together (SPIRIT), involves local law

enforcement agencies as key partners in the design of

an action plan. CRS now trains school officials and

police officers to conduct the SPIRIT Program as a part

of the process to strengthen cooperation among law

enforcement and school officials.

Community Relations Service, U.S. Department of Justice Hate Crime: The Violence of Intolerance ❏ 5
◆ Event Contingency Planning. CRS, at the request of

either local officials or demonstration organizers, can

assist in contingency planning to ensure that marches,

demonstrations, and similar events occur without

exacerbating racial and ethnic tensions and minimizing

the prospect of any confrontations. CRS assisted

Federal and State officials plan the Olympic Summer

Games in Atlanta, Georgia, and the national political

conventions in Los Angeles, California, and

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. CRS can also train

community residents to plan and monitor local events.

CRS assistance is often requested when demonstrations

and marches are scheduled. For example, CRS has

helped scores of municipalities with contingency

planning for successfully preparing for KKK and White

Supremist rallies and counter-demonstrations.

◆ Hate Crime Training Curriculum. CRS and the

FBI’s Hate Crime Unit, working with the Department

of Tr e a s u r y ’s Federal Law Enforcement Tr a i n i n g

Center, the National Association of Attorneys General,

and the International Association of Directors of Law

Enforcement Standards and Training and other U.S.

Department of Justice agencies, have developed four

model hate crime training curricula. The four curricula

are specifically designed for patrol off i c e r s ,

investigating officers, supervising officers, and a mixed

audience of officers and command staff. This effort

was undertaken to provide State and local law

enforcement officers with the skills and knowledge that

are crucial to the identification, reporting, investigation,

and prosecution of and education about hate crimes.

The new courses are approximately eight hours in length,

can be taught at a training academy or on site at a

department, and were field-tested at law enforcement

academies and departments across the country. T h e

curricula contain the best policies, procedures, practices,

and materials used to train law enforcement officers, and

provide an equitable balance of instruction on enforcement,

victim assistance, and community relations. T h e

curriculum can be obtained from CRS’ web page at:

www.usdoj.gov/crs

Publications and Resources

American Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee, 4201

Connecticut Ave, NW, Suite 300, Washington, D.C. 20008.

Contact them at: 202/244-2990, or FAX 202/244-3196, or

www.adc.org

American Jewish Committee, Skinheads: Who They Are

And What To Do When They Come To Town and Bigotry on

Campus: A Planned Response. The AJC is located at 165

East 56 Street, New York, NY 10022. Contact them at

212/751-4000 or www.ajc.org

Anti-Defamation League, Hate Crimes Laws. The ADL is

located at 823 United Nations Plaza, New York, NY 10017.

Contact them at: 800/343-5540 or www.adl.org

Center for Democratic Renewal, When Hate Groups Come

to Town. Contact them at P.O. Box 50469, Atlanta, GA

30302. Contact them at: 404/221-0025, or FAX at 404/221-

0045 or www.publiceye.org

Japanese American Citizens League, Walk with Pride:

Taking Steps to Address Anti-Asian Violence. Contact the

JACL at 1765 Sutter Street, San Francisco, CA 94115.

Contact them at: 415/921-5225 or www.jacl.org

Los Angeles County Commission on Human Relations, 320

West Temple Street, Los Angeles, CA90012. Contact them

at: 213/974-7601 or http://humanrelations.co.la.ca.us/

National Asian Pacific American Legal Consortium, Audit

of Violence Against Asian Pacific Americans. Contact

them at 1140 Connecticut Ave., NW, Suite 1200,

Washington, D.C. 20036. Contact them at: 202/296-2300

or www.napalc.org

National Council on Crime and Delinquency, Hate Crime

Prevention Resource Guide. Contact the Council at 685

Market Street, Suite 620, San Francisco, CA 9 4 1 0 5 .

Contact them at: 415/896-6223, or FAX 415/896-5109 or

www.ojjdp.ncjrs.org

People for the American Wa y, D e m o c r a c y ’s Next

Generation II: Study of American Youth on Race. Contact

PAW at 2000 M Street, NW, Suite 400 Washington, D.C.

Contact them at: 202/467-4999 or 800/326-7729 or

www.pfaw.org

Sikh Mediawatch and Resource Task Force, P.O. Box

1761, Germantown, MD 20875-1761. Contact them at:

877-91-SIKHS, or FAX 202/318-4433, or

www.sikhmediawatch.org

Southern Poverty Law Center, Klanwatch Intelligence

R e p o rt . Contact them at 400 Washington Av e n u e ,

Montgomery, AL 36104. Contact them at: 334-956-8200 or

www.splc.org

Study Circles, 697 Pomfret Street, Box 203, Pomfret, CT

06258. Contact them at: 860/928-2616, or FAX 860/928-

3713, or www.studycircles.org

U.S. Department of Justice, Community Relations Service,

Hate Crime Training Curriculum. The curriculum can be

obtained from CRS’ page at: www.usdoj.gov/crs

U.S. Department of Justice, Kidspage:

www.usdoj.gov/kidspage This is a great resource for

educational materials for children, parents, and

teachers.

U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics,

www.ojp.usdoj/bjs/

6 ❏ Hate Crime: The Violence of Intolerance Community Relations Service, U.S. Department of Justice
CRS Customer Service Standards

Our goal is to provide sensitive and effective conflict

prevention and resolution services. You can expect us to

meet the following standards when we work with you:

• We will clearly explain the process that CRS uses to

address racial and ethnic conflicts and our role in that

process.

• We will provide opportunities for all parties involved to

contribute to and work toward a solution to the racial or

ethnic conflict.

• If you are a participant in a CRS training session or

conference, you will receive timely and useful

information and materials that will assist you in

preventing or minimizing racial and ethnic tensions. If

you would like more information, we will work with

you to identify additional materials and resources to

meet your needs within three weeks of learning 

your need.

• We will be prepared to respond to major racial or ethnic

crisis situations within 24 hours from the time when

your community notifies CRS or CRS becomes aware

of the crisis.

• In non-crisis situations, we will contact you within

three days of when your community notifies CRS or

when CRS becomes aware of the situation to discuss

your request for CRS services.

CRS Offices

CRS Headquarters

Community Relations Service

600 E Street, NW, Suite 6000

Washington, D.C. 20530

202/305-2935

202/305-3009 FAX

CRS Regional and Field Offices

New England Regional Office

Community Relations Service

U.S. Department of Justice

408 Atlantic Avenue Room 222

Boston, MA 02201

617/424-5715

617/424-5727 FAX

Northeast Regional Office

Community Relations Service

U.S. Department of Justice

26 Federal Plaza, Suite 36-118

New York, NY 10278

212/264-0700

212/264-2143 FAX

Mid-Atlantic Regional Office

Community Relations Service

U.S. Department of Justice

U.S. Custom House

2nd and Chestnut Streets, Room 208

Philadelphia, PA 19106

215/597-2344

215/597-9148 FAX

Southeast Regional Office

Community Relations Service

U.S. Department of Justice

75 Piedmont Avenue, NE, Room 900

Atlanta, GA 30303

404/331-6883

404/331-4471 FAX

Field Office

Community Relations Service

U.S. Department of Justice

51 S.W. First Avenue, Suite 624

Miami, FL 33130

305/536-5206

305/536-6778 FAX

Midwest Regional Office

Community Relations Service

U.S. Department of Justice

55 West Monroe Street, Suite 420

Chicago, IL 60603

312/353-4391

312/353-4390 FAX

Field Office

Community Relations Service

U.S. Department of Justice

211 West Fort Street, Suite 1404

Detroit, MI 48226

313/226-4010

313/226-2568 FAX

Southwest Regional Office

Community Relations Service

U.S. Department of Justice

1420 West Mockingbird Lane, Suite 250

Dallas, TX 75247

214/655-8175

214/655-8184 FAX

Field Office

Community Relations Service

U.S. Department of Justice

515 Rusk Avenue

Houston, TX 77002

713/718-4861

713/718-4862 FAX

Central Regional Office

Community Relations Service

U.S. Department of Justice

1100 Main Street, Suite 1320

Kansas City, MO 64105

816/426-7434

816/426-7441 FAX

Community Relations Service, U.S. Department of Justice Hate Crime: The Violence of Intolerance ❏ 7
CRS Offices

(continued)

Rocky Mountain Regional Office

Community Relations Service

U.S. Department of Justice

1244 Speer Blvd. Suite 650

Denver, CO 80204-3584

303/844-2973

303/844-2907 FAX

Western Regional Office

Community Relations Service

U.S. Department of Justice

888 South Figueroa Street, Suite 1880

Los Angeles, CA 90017

213/894-2941

213/894-2880 FAX

Field Office

Community Relations Service

U.S. Department of Justice

120 Howard Street, Suite 790

San Francisco, CA 94105

415/744-6565

415/744-6590 FAX

Northwest Regional Office

Community Relations Service

U.S. Department of Justice

915 Second Avenue, Room 1808

Seattle, WA 98174

206/220-6700

206/220-6706 FAX

CRS Website: www.usdoj.gov/crs

(Publication Revised December 2001)

8 ❏ Hate Crime: The Violence of Intolerance Community Relations Service, U.S. Department of Justice

U.S. Department of Justice

Community Relations Service

Washington D.C. 20530

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