United States

Department of

Agriculture

Natural

Resources

Conservation

Service

In cooperation with

Cornell University

Agricultural Experiment

Station

Soil Survey of

St. Lawrence

County,

New York

General Soil Map

The general soil map, which is the color map preceding the detailed soil maps, shows the survey area divided

into groups of associated soils called general soil map units. This map is useful in planning the use and

management of large areas.

To find information about your area of interest, locate that area on the map,

identify the name of the map unit in the area on the color-coded map

legend, then refer to the section General Soil Map Units for a

general description of the soils in your area.

Detailed Soil Maps

The detailed soil maps follow the

general soil map. These maps

can be useful in planning the use

and management of small areas.

To find information about your

area of interest, locate that area

on the Index to Map Sheets,

which precedes the soil maps.

Note the number of the map

sheet and turn to that sheet.

Locate your area of interest on

the map sheet. Note the map

units symbols that are in that

area. Turn to the Contents, which

lists the map units by symbol and

name and shows the page where

each map unit is described.

The Contents shows which table has data on a specific land use for each detailed soil map unit. Also see the

Contents for sections of this publication that may address your specific needs.

3

How to Use This Soil Survey
4

Additional information about the Nation’s natural resources is available on the

Natural Resources Conservation Service home page on the World Wide Web. The

address is http://www.nrcs.usda.gov.

This soil survey is a publication of the National Cooperative Soil Survey, a joint effort

of the United States Department of Agriculture and other Federal agencies, State

agencies including the Agricultural Experiment Stations, and local agencies. The

Natural Resources Conservation Service (formerly the Soil Conservation Service) has

leadership for the Federal part of the National Cooperative Soil Survey.

Major fieldwork for this soil survey was completed in 1989. Soil names and

descriptions were approved in 1990. Unless otherwise indicated, statements in this

publication refer to conditions in the survey area in 1989. This survey was made

cooperatively by the Natural Resources Conservation Service and the Cornell

University Agricultural Experiment Station. The survey is part of the technical

assistance furnished to the St. Lawrence County Soil and Water Conservation District.

The St. Lawrence County Soil and Water Conservation District provided partial funding

and the New York State Department of Agriculture and Markets and the Adirondack

Park Agency provided additional funding for the survey.

Soil maps in this survey may be copied without permission. Enlargement of these

maps, however, could cause misunderstanding of the detail of mapping. If enlarged,

maps do not show the small areas of contrasting soils that could have been shown at a

larger scale.

The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its

programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, gender, religion, age,

disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, and marital or family status. (Not all

prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative

means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.)

should contact USDA's TARGET Center at 202-720-2600 (voice and TDD).

To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Director of Civil Rights, Room

326W, Whitten Building, 14th and Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, DC 20250-

9410 or call 202-720-1127 (voice or TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and

employer.

Cover: The St. Lawrence River, in the background, was the key to early exploration of much of

interior North America. In the 1950’s the river became the St. Lawrence Seaway, which opened the

North American breadbasket to ocean transport. Nearly level and gently sloping Adjidaumo,

Muskellunge, and Swanton soils are in the foreground. These soils formed in marine sediments left

after the Wisconsin Glaciation, during which the Champlain Sea, an extension of the Gulf of St.

Lawrence, covered the area.
5

Contents

Cover ....................................................................... 1

How to Use This Soil Survey .................................. 3

Contents .................................................................. 5

Foreword ............................................................... 11

General Nature of the County ................................. 13

Land Use and Economy ..................................... 13

History................................................................ 14

Physiography and Geology................................. 16

Bedrock .............................................................. 16

Glacial Geology .................................................. 16

Drainage and Water Supply ................................ 17

Surficial Geology ................................................ 18

1. Glacial Till ................................................... 18

2. Glacial Till Underlain by Precambrian

Crystalline Bedrock ............................... 19

3. Glacial Till Underlain by CambroOrdovician Strata ................................... 19

4. Marine Deposits Underlain by CambroOrdovician Strata ................................... 19

5. Glacial Till Underlain by Precambrian

Marble and Gneiss ................................ 19

6. Marine Deposits ......................................... 20

7. Lacustrine Deposits .................................... 20

8. Beach Deposits: Sands, and Sands and

Gravels .................................................. 20

9. Deltas and Glaciofluvial Deposits, Sands,

and Sands and Gravels ......................... 21

10. Peat Deposits ........................................... 21

Climate ............................................................... 21

How This Survey Was Made ................................... 22

Map Unit Composition ............................................ 23

General Soil Map Units ........................................ 25

Soil Descriptions ................................................ 25

1. Hogansburg-MuskellungeGrenville ................................................ 25

2. Kalurah-Pyrities-Malone .......................... 26

3. Malone-Kalurah-Hailesboro ..................... 27

4. Potsdam-Crary-Adirondack ..................... 28

5. Tunbridge-Potsdam-Lyman ...................... 28

6. Insula-Summerville-Quetico .................... 29

7. Insula-Rock outcrop-Adjidaumo ............... 30

8. Summerville-Rock outcropMuskellunge .......................................... 31

9. Muskellunge-Matoon-Adjidaumo ............. 32

10. Nicholville-Roundabout........................... 33

11. Muskellunge-Adjidaumo-Swanton ......... 33

12. Adams-Croghan .................................... 34

13. Adams-Colton-Duxbury ......................... 35

14. Naumburg-Croghan-Deford ................... 35

15. Coveytown-Trout River-Cook ................. 36

16. Dawson-Colton-Loxley........................... 37

17. Carbondale-Dorval ................................ 37

Detailed Soil Map Units ........................................ 39

Scales of Mapping .............................................. 39

Join Statement ................................................... 40

Akwesasne Territory: St. Regis Mohawk

Reservation ........................................... 40

Jefferson County, New York............................ 40

Lewis County, New York ................................. 40

Herkimer County, New York ............................ 40

Hamilton County, New York ............................ 40

Franklin County, New York .............................. 40

Soil Descriptions ................................................ 40

021—Dawson-Fluvaquents-Loxley

complex, frequently flooded ................... 40

023—Loxley-Dawson complex ....................... 41

363A—Adams sand, 0 to 3 percent slopes .... 42

363B—Adams sand, 3 to 15 percent

slopes .................................................... 43

363D—Adams sand, 15 to 35 percent

slopes .................................................... 44

365—Naumburg-Croghan complex ................ 45

376A—Colton-Duxbury-Adams complex,

0 to 3 percent slopes ............................. 47

376C—Colton-Duxbury-Adams complex,

3 to 15 percent slopes ........................... 48

376D—Colton-Duxbury-Adams complex,

15 to 35 percent slopes ......................... 50

380B—Colton-Duxbury-Dawson complex,

0 to 15 percent slopes ........................... 51

380D—Colton-Duxbury-Dawson complex,

15 to 35 percent slopes ......................... 53

643C—Berkshire loam, 3 to 15 percent

slopes, very bouldery ............................ 55

643D—Berkshire loam, 15 to 35 percent

slopes, very bouldery ............................ 56

644C—Berkshire-Lyme complex, rolling,

very bouldery......................................... 57

644D—Berkshire-Lyme complex, hilly, very

bouldery ................................................ 58
6

709B—Adirondack-Tughill-Lyme complex,

0 to 8 percent slopes, very bouldery ...... 60

741C—Potsdam-Tunbridge-Crary complex,

3 to 15 percent slopes, very bouldery .... 61

741D—Potsdam-Tunbridge complex, 15 to

35 percent slopes, very bouldery........... 63

743C—Potsdam very fine sandy loam, 3 to

15 percent slopes, very bouldery........... 65

743D—Potsdam very fine loam, 15 to 35

percent slopes, very bouldery................ 66

745C—Crary-Potsdam complex, 3 to 15

percent slopes, very bouldery................ 67

747B—Crary-Adirondack complex, 0 to 8

percent slopes, very bouldery................ 68

807—Udorthents, mine waste ........................ 70

831C—Tunbridge-Lyman complex, 3 to 15

percent slopes, very rocky ..................... 71

831D—Tunbridge-Lyman complex, 15 to

35 percent slopes, very rocky ................ 72

831F—Tunbridge-Lyman complex, 35 to 60

percent slopes, very rocky ..................... 73

833C—Tunbridge-Adirondack-Lyman

complex, rolling, very bouldery .............. 74

835C—Tunbridge-Borosaprists-Ricker

complex, rolling, very rocky ................... 76

861C—Lyman-Ricker-Rock outcrop complex,

3 to 15 percent slopes, very bouldery .... 78

861D—Lyman-Ricker-Rock outcrop

complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes,

very bouldery......................................... 79

861F—Lyman-Ricker-Rock outcrop

complex, 35 to 60 percent slopes,

very bouldery......................................... 81

891F—Rock outcrop-Ricker-Lyman

complex, 35 to 60 percent slopes,

very bouldery......................................... 82

AaB—Adams sand, 2 to 8 percent slopes ...... 83

AaC—Adams sand, rolling ............................. 84

AaD—Adams sand, 15 to 35 percent

slopes .................................................... 85

AdB—Adams loamy fine sand, 2 to 8

percent slopes ....................................... 86

AdC—Adams loamy fine sand, 8 to 15

percent slopes ....................................... 87

Ak—Adjidaumo silty clay ................................ 88

Am—Adjidaumo mucky silty clay ................... 89

Ao—Adjidaumo silty clay, flooded................... 90

Ap—Adjidaumo silty clay, rocky...................... 91

ArC—Adjidaumo-Summerville-Rock

outcrop complex, rolling ......................... 92

BeB—Berkshire loam, 3 to 8 percent

slopes .................................................... 93

BgC—Berkshire-Lyme complex, rolling,

very bouldery......................................... 94

BkC—Berkshire and Sunapee soils,

8 to 15 percent slopes, very bouldery .... 96

Bo—Borosaprists and Fluvaquents,

frequently flooded .................................. 97

Ce—Carbondale muck ................................... 98

CgB—Colton-Duxbury complex, 2 to 8

percent slopes ....................................... 99

CgC—Colton-Duxbury complex, rolling ........ 100

CgD—Colton-Duxbury complex, hilly ........... 102

Ck—Cook loamy fine sand........................... 103

Cn—Cornish silt loam .................................. 104

Cp—Coveytown loamy fine sand ................. 105

Cr—Coveytown and Cook soils, very

stony.................................................... 106

CsB—Crary silt loam, 3 to 8 percent

slopes .................................................. 108

CtB—Crary and Potsdam soils, 3 to 8

percent slopes, very bouldery.............. 109

CuB—Croghan sand, 0 to 8 percent

slopes .................................................. 110

CvA—Croghan loamy fine sand, 0 to 3

percent slopes ..................................... 111

CvB—Croghan loamy fine sand, 3 to 8

percent slopes ..................................... 112

Da—Dawson peat ........................................ 113

Dd—Deford loamy fine sand ........................ 114

Df—Deford mucky loamy fine sand .............. 115

DpA—Depeyster silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes .................................................. 116

DpB—Depeyster silt loam, 2 to 6 percent

slopes .................................................. 117

DpC—Depeyster silt loam, rolling ................ 118

Dr—Dorval muck.......................................... 119

Du—Dune land ............................................ 120

EeB—Eelweir fine sandy loam, 2 to 8 percent

slopes .................................................. 121
7

EmA—Elmwood fine sandy loam, 0 to 3

percent slopes ..................................... 122

EmB—Elmwood fine sandy loam, 3 to 8

percent slopes ..................................... 123

Fa—Fahey loamy fine sand .......................... 124

FkA—Flackville loamy fine sand, 0 to 3

percent slopes ..................................... 124

FkB—Flackville loamy fine sand, 3 to 8

percent slopes ..................................... 126

Fu—Fluvaquents-Udifluvents complex,

frequently flooded ................................ 127

GrB—Grenville fine sandy loam, 3 to 8

percent slopes ..................................... 128

GrC—Grenville fine sandy loam, 8 to 15

percent slopes ..................................... 128

GsD—Grenville fine sandy loam, 15 to 25

percent slopes, very stony ................... 129

Gu—Guff silty clay loam............................... 130

HaA—Hailesboro silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes .................................................. 131

HaB—Hailesboro silt loam, 2 to 6 percent

slopes .................................................. 132

Hc—Hannawa loam ..................................... 133

HeB—Heuvelton silty clay loam, 2 to 6

percent slopes ..................................... 134

HeC—Heuvelton silty clay loam, rolling ........ 135

HkE—Heuvelton and Depeyster soils,

15 to 45 percent slopes ....................... 136

HnA—Hogansburg fine sandy loam,

0 to 3 percent slopes ........................... 138

HnB—Hogansburg fine sandy loam,

3 to 8 percent slopes ........................... 139

HrB—Hogansburg and Grenville soils,

0 to 8 percent slopes, very stony ......... 140

IaB—Insula gravelly fine sandy loam,

0 to 8 percent slopes ........................... 141

InB—Insula gravelly fine sandy loam,

0 to 8 percent slopes, very rocky ......... 142

IrC—Insula-Rock outcrop complex,

rolling................................................... 143

IrD—Insula-Rock outcrop complex, hilly....... 144

KaA—Kalurah fine sandy loam, 0 to 3

percent slopes ..................................... 145

KaB—Kalurah fine sandy loam, 3 to 8

percent slopes ..................................... 146

KbB—Kalurah and Pyrities soils, 0 to 8

percent slopes, very stony ................... 147

Lc—Lovewell silt loam .................................. 148

Ld—Loxley mucky peat ................................ 149

LeC—Lyman-Rock outcrop complex, 3 to

15 percent slopes, very bouldery......... 150

LeD—Lyman-Rock outcrop complex, 15

to 35 percent slopes, very bouldery ..... 151

Lt—Lyme-Tughill complex, very bouldery ..... 152

MaA—Malone loam, 0 to 3 percent

slopes .................................................. 153

MaB—Malone loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes... 154

MbB—Malone loam, 0 to 8 percent slopes,

very stony ............................................ 155

MdB—Malone-Adjidaumo complex,

undulating ............................................ 156

MeB—Malone-Adjidaumo complex, 0 to 8

percent slopes, very stony ................... 158

MfA—Matoon silty clay loam, 0 to 2

percent slopes ..................................... 160

MfB—Matoon silty clay loam, 2 to 6

percent slopes ..................................... 161

Mh—Mino fine sandy loam ........................... 162

Mn—Munuscong mucky fine sandy loam ..... 163

MsA—Muskellunge silty clay loam, 0 to 2

percent slopes ..................................... 164

MsB—Muskellunge silty clay loam, 2 to 6

percent slopes ..................................... 165

MuB—Muskellunge silty clay loam, 0 to 6

percent slopes, rocky .......................... 166

MwB—Muskellunge-Adjidaumo complex,

undulating ............................................ 167

Na—Naumburg loamy fine sand .................. 168

NhA—Nehasne sandy loam, 0 to 3

percent slopes ..................................... 169

NhB—Nehasne sandy loam, 3 to 8

percent slopes ..................................... 170

NhC—Nehasne sandy loam, 8 to 15

percent slopes ..................................... 171

NoA—Nicholville very fine sandy loam,

0 to 2 percent slopes ........................... 172

NoB—Nicholville very fine sandy loam,

2 to 6 percent slopes ........................... 173

NoC—Nicholville very fine sandy loam,

rolling................................................... 174
8

NrB—Nicholville very fine sandy loam,

0 to 6 percent slopes, rocky ................. 175

OgA—Ogdensburg loam, 0 to 3 percent

slopes .................................................. 176

OgB—Ogdensburg loam, 3 to 8 percent

slopes .................................................. 177

Pg—Pits, gravel and sand ............................ 178

Ph—Pits, quarry ........................................... 179

PmC—Potsdam very fine sandy loam,

8 to 15 percent slopes ......................... 179

PoC—Potsdam-Tunbridge complex, 3 to

15 percent slopes, very bouldery......... 180

PoD—Potsdam-Tunbridge complex, 15 to

35 percent slopes, very bouldery......... 181

PpD—Potsdam and Berkshire soils, 15 to

35 percent slopes, very bouldery......... 183

PsC—Potsdam and Crary soils, 8 to 15

percent slopes, very bouldery.............. 184

PvB—Pyrities fine sandy loam, 3 to 8

percent slopes ..................................... 186

PvC—Pyrities fine sandy loam, 8 to 15

percent slopes ..................................... 187

PxD—Pyrities fine sandy loam, 15 to 25

percent slopes, very stony ................... 187

PyB—Pyrities fine sandy loam, 3 to 8

percent slopes, rocky .......................... 188

PyC—Pyrities fine sandy loam, 8 to 15

percent slopes, rocky .......................... 189

PzC—Pyrities and Kalurah soils, 8 to 15

percent slopes, very stony ................... 190

QwB—Quetico-Rock outcrop-Insula

complex, 0 to 8 percent slopes ............ 192

RaA—Raquette sandy loam, 0 to 3

percent slopes ..................................... 193

RaB—Raquette sandy loam, 3 to 8

percent slopes ..................................... 194

RaC—Raquette sandy loam, 8 to 15

percent slopes ..................................... 195

Rd—Redwater fine sandy loam.................... 196

RoA—Roundabout silt loam, 0 to 2

percent slopes ..................................... 196

RoB—Roundabout silt loam, 2 to 6 percent

slopes .................................................. 198

Rt—Runeberg loam ..................................... 199

Ru—Runeberg loam, very stony .................. 200

SaB—Salmon very fine sandy loam, 2 to

6 percent slopes .................................. 201

SaC—Salmon very fine sandy loam,

rolling................................................... 202

Se—Searsport muck .................................... 203

Sg—Stockholm loamy fine

sand .................................................... 204

ShB—Summerville fine sandy loam,

0 to 8 percent slopes ........................... 205

SkB—Summerville-Gouverneur complex,

0 to 8 percent slopes, rocky ................. 206

SlD—Summerville-Rock outcrop complex,

hilly ...................................................... 207

SmC—Summerville-Rock outcropNehasne complex, rolling .................... 208

SpB—Sunapee fine sandy loam, 3 to 8

percent slopes ..................................... 210

SsB—Sunapee and Berkshire soils, 3 to 8

percent slopes, very bouldery.............. 211

Sw—Swanton fine sandy loam..................... 212

TdA—Trout River loamy sand, 0 to 3 percent

slopes .................................................. 213

TdB—Trout River loamy sand, 3 to 8

percent slopes ..................................... 214

TfB—Trout River and Fahey soils, 0 to 8

percent slopes, very stony ................... 215

TuD—Tunbridge-Lyman complex, 15 to

35 percent slopes, very rocky .............. 216

TwC—Tunbridge-Lyman-Dawson

complex, rolling, very rocky ................. 217

Ua—Udipsamments, smoothed ................... 219

Ue—Udorthents, loamy................................ 220

Uf—Udorthents, clayey ................................ 220

Ug—Udorthents, mine waste, acid ............... 221

Uh—Udorthents, mine waste, nonacid ......... 223

Un—Udorthents, refuse substratum ............. 223

Ur—Urban land ............................................ 224

WaA—Waddington gravelly sandy loam,

0 to 3 percent slopes ........................... 224

WaB—Waddington gravelly sandy loam,

3 to 8 percent slopes ........................... 225

WaC—Waddington gravelly sandy loam,

rolling................................................... 226

WaD—Waddington gravelly sandy loam,

15 to 35 percent slopes ....................... 227
9

WdB—Waddington very cobbly sandy

loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes ................. 228

Wg—Wegatchie silt loam ............................. 229

Prime Farmland .................................................. 231

Use and Management of the Soils .................... 233

Crops and Pasture ........................................... 233

Yields per Acre............................................. 235

Land Capability Classification ...................... 236

Forestland Management and Productivity ........ 236

Recreation ........................................................ 238

Wildlife Habitat ................................................. 239

Engineering ...................................................... 240

Building Site Development ........................... 241

Sanitary Facilities ......................................... 242

Construction Materials ................................. 243

Water Management...................................... 244

Soil Properties .................................................... 247

Engineering Index Properties ........................... 247

Physical Properties .......................................... 248

Chemical Properties ......................................... 249

Soil Features .................................................... 249

Water Features ................................................. 250

Engineering Index Test Data ............................. 251

Classification of the Soils .................................. 253

Soil Series and Their Morphology..................... 253

Adams Series .............................................. 253

Adirondack Series ........................................ 254

Adjidaumo Series ......................................... 255

Berkshire Series .......................................... 256

Borosaprists ................................................. 256

Carbondale Series ....................................... 257

Colton Series ............................................... 257

Cook Series ................................................. 258

Cornish Series ............................................. 259

Coveytown Series ........................................ 260

Crary Series ................................................. 260

Croghan Series ............................................ 261

Dawson Series ............................................. 262

Deford Series ............................................... 263

Depeyster Series ......................................... 264

Dorval Series ............................................... 265

Duxbury Series ............................................ 265

Eelweir Series .............................................. 266

Elmwood Series ........................................... 267

Fahey Series ................................................ 268

Flackville Series ........................................... 268

Fluvaquents ................................................. 269

Gouverneur Series ....................................... 270

Grenville Series............................................ 270

Guff Series ................................................... 271

Hailesboro Series......................................... 272

Hannawa Series ........................................... 273

Heuvelton Series .......................................... 273

Hogansburg Series ...................................... 274

Insula Series ................................................ 275

Kalurah Series ............................................. 276

Lovewell Series ............................................ 277

Loxley Series ............................................... 277

Lyman Series ............................................... 278

Lyme Series ................................................. 278

Malone Series .............................................. 279

Matoon Series .............................................. 280

Mino Series .................................................. 281

Munuscong Series ....................................... 282

Muskellunge Series ...................................... 283

Naumburg Series ......................................... 283

Nehasne Series ........................................... 284

Nicholville Series.......................................... 285

Ogdensburg Series ...................................... 286

Potsdam Series ............................................ 287

Pyrities Series .............................................. 288

Quetico Series ............................................. 288

Raquette Series ........................................... 289

Redwater Series .......................................... 289

Ricker Series................................................ 290

Roundabout Series ...................................... 291

Runeberg Series .......................................... 292

Salmon Series ............................................. 292

Searsport Series .......................................... 293

Stockholm Series ......................................... 294

Summerville Series ...................................... 295

Sunapee Series ........................................... 295

Swanton Series ............................................ 296

Trout River Series ........................................ 297

Tughill Series................................................ 298

Tunbridge Series .......................................... 298

Udifluvents ................................................... 299

Udipsamments ............................................. 299

Udorthents ................................................... 299

Waddington Series ....................................... 300
10

Wegatchie Series ......................................... 300

Formation of the Soils........................................ 303

Factors of Soil Formation ................................. 303

Parent Material ............................................. 303

Topography .................................................. 304

Climate......................................................... 304

Plant and Animal Life ................................... 304

Time ............................................................. 304

Processes of Soil Formation............................. 305

References .......................................................... 307

Glossary .............................................................. 309

Tables .................................................................. 323

Table 1.—Temperature and Precipitation .......... 324

Table 2.—Freeze Dates in Spring and Fall........ 325

Table 3.—Growing Season ............................... 325

Table 4.—Acreage and Proportionate Extent

of the Soils ................................................. 326

Table 5.—Prime Farmland ................................ 329

Table 6.—Land Capability and Yields per Acre

of Crops and Pasture ................................. 330

Table 7.—Acreage by Capability Class and

Subclass .................................................... 342

Table 8.—Forestland Management and

Productivity ................................................ 343

Table 9.—Recreational Development ............... 381

Table 10.—Wildlife Habitat ................................ 401

Table 11.—Building Site Development .............. 417

Table 12.—Sanitary Facilities ........................... 444

Table 13.—Construction Materials .................... 466

Table 14.—Water Management ........................ 486

Table 15.—Engineering Index Properties ......... 518

Table 16.—Physical Properties of the Soils ...... 602

Table 17.—Chemical Properties of the Soils..... 632

Table 18.—Soil Features .................................. 655

Table 19.—Water Features ............................... 667

Table 20.—Engineering Index Test Data ........... 702

Table 21.—Classification of the Soils ................ 705

Table 22.—Relationships Among Parent

Material, Dominant Texture, and Drainage

of the Soils ................................................. 707

 Issued 2005
11

Foreword

This soil survey provides information that affects land use planning in this survey

area. It makes predictions of soil behavior for selected land uses. The survey also

highlights soil limitations, improvements needed to overcome the limitations, and the

impact of selected land uses on the environment.

This soil survey is designed for many different users. Farmers, foresters, and

agronomists can use it to evaluate the potential of the soil and the management needed

for maximum food and fiber production. Planners, community officials, engineers,

developers, builders, and home buyers can use the survey to plan land use, select sites

for construction, and identify special practices needed to ensure proper performance.

Conservationists, teachers, students, and specialists in recreation, wildlife

management, waste disposal, and pollution control can use the survey to help them

understand, protect, and enhance the environment.

Various land use regulations of Federal, State, and local governments may impose

special restrictions on land use or land treatment. The information in this report is

intended to identify soil properties that are used in making various land use or land

treatment decisions. Statements made in this report are intended to help the land users

identify and reduce the effects of soil limitations that affect various land uses. The

landowner or user is responsible for identifying and complying with existing laws and

regulations.

Great differences in soil properties can occur within short distances. Some soils are

seasonally wet or subject to flooding. Some are shallow to bedrock. Some are too

unstable to be used as a foundation for buildings or roads. Clayey or wet soils are poorly

suited to use as septic tank absorption fields. A high water table makes a soil poorly

suited to basements or underground installations.

These and many other soil properties that affect land use are described in this soil

survey. Broad areas of soils are shown on the general soil map. The location of each soil

is shown on the detailed soil maps. Each soil in the survey area is described.

Information on specific uses is given for each soil. Help in using this publication and

additional information are available at the local office of the Natural Resources

Conservation Service or the Cooperative Extension Service.

 Joseph R. DelVecchio

 State Conservationist

 Natural Resources Conservation Service

13

ST. LAWRENCE COUNTY is in the northmost part of

New York (fig. 1). It is bounded on the east by Franklin

County, on the west by Jefferson and Lewis Counties,

and on the south by Lewis, Herkimer, and Hamilton

Counties. Bordering Canada along the St. Lawrence

River, it comprises 1,805,400 acres, or 2,821 square

miles, and has a population of 114,254. It has one city,

Ogdensburg, which has a population of 12,375. The

village of Canton is the county seat.

The soil maps for this survey area were prepared at

two different levels of scale. The smaller scale maps

cover the mainly forested region south of the

Adirondack Park boundary. The larger scale maps

cover the mainly agricultural region north of the

Adirondack Park boundary.

This soil survey updates an earlier soil survey of St.

Lawrence County (USDA 1925). It extends coverage

to the southern part of the county; and, it provides

additional information and larger maps that show the

soils in greater detail.

General Nature of the County

This section describes some of the natural and

cultural factors affecting land use in the county. Those

factors include land use and economy, history,

physiography and geology, bedrock, glacial geology,

drainage and water supply, surficial geology, and

climate.

Land Use and Economy

Both the land use and the economic base in St.

Lawrence County are divided physiographically

between the St. Lawrence Lowlands in the north and

the Adirondack Mountains in the south. The northern

part of the county takes in three-fifths of the county;

the southern part, the rest. The division between the

two parts roughly parallels the St. Lawrence River. The

northern part has primarily dairy farming but also

mining, aluminum smelting, and colleges and

universities; the southern part, lumbering and tourism.

Soil Survey of

St. Lawrence County, New York

By Steven C. Carlisle, Natural Resources Conservation Service

Fieldwork by James H. Brown, Steven C. Carlisle, Kevin A. Connelly, Larry Day,

Letember McDowell, Stephen J. Page, Luther H. Robinson, Lydia Schlosser,

Kenneth Van Doren, Keith A. Wheeler, and Frank Winkler, Natural Resources

Conservation Service; Janis L. Boettinger, Frank Z. Hutton, and Steven Major, Cornell

University; and Bill Kick, St. Lawrence County Soil and Water Conservation District

United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service,

in cooperation with Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station

Figure 1.—Location of St. Lawrence County in New York.
14 Soil Survey

The northern part of St. Lawrence County consists

mainly of openland and scattered woodlots. The

landscape, which generally has little relief, consists of

glacial till and glacial marine or lacustrine soils, most

of which have a relatively high water table. Roads,

hamlets, and villages are reasonably close together

and evenly distributed.

Agriculture in the county consists mainly of dairying.

According to the 1987 Census of Agriculture, 1,602

farms were operating on 456,497 acres (U.S.

Department of Commerce 1987). These numbers

contrast with 1982 data showing 1,807 farms on

497,073 acres (U.S. Department of Commerce 1982).

Besides milk the farms produce seed or grain corn,

beef, or hogs. In 1987 the county had 3 orchards and

15 farms with irrigation on 172 acres.

Talc and zinc mining are important in the

southwestern part of the county. Building aggregate is

quarried near the village of Norfolk and the city of

Ogdensburg. Aluminum smelting is concentrated near

hydroelectric power dams on the St. Lawrence

Seaway near Massena. Mining was more widespread

than now in the county. Bog iron was mined near

Brasher Iron Works. Pyrite was mined near Pyrites

and Hermon, and feldspar and marble were mined

near Richville and Gouverneur. Magnetite was mined

at Benson Mines, Jayville, and Clifton Furnace.

Hematite was mined near Spragueville, and galena,

near Rossie.

Colleges and universities in the northern part of the

county are St. Lawrence University and State

University of New York (SUNY), College of Technogy,

at Canton, both in Canton; and SUNY at Potsdam and

Clarkson University, both in Potsdam.

In the southern part the county is mainly forested. In

places it has high relief. On crests and backslopes of

bedrock-controlled hills and mountains, very deep to

shallow soils formed in glacial till are commonly

adjacent to very deep, highly permeable soils formed

in glaciofluvial deposits on foot slopes and toe slopes.

Wet, organic soils are common on benches, along

streams, and in old lake basins. Roads, hamlets, and

villages are sparse and scattered.

The forest industry in this region centers on logging

on large landholdings belonging to paper companies.

The commercial species include sugar maple,

American beech, yellow birch, white pine, red spruce,

balsam fir, black spruce, and tamarack. A paper mill is

located in Newton Falls.

Tourism and forest recreation are important in this

region. Cottages surround the many lakes. Extensive

State wilderness areas attract hikers and campers.

Opportunities abound for hunting and fishing and for

cross-country skiing or snowmobiling on trails.

History

By Garrett Cook, St. Lawrence County historian

The first settlers of St. Lawrence County likely were

Paleoindians at the end of the Pleistocene. Their sites

are linked to the Champlain Sea beaches around Lake

Champlain. Paleoindians were seminomadic, big game

hunters adapted to the late Pleistocene environment.

Their distinctive Clovis points around Black Lake in

western St. Lawrence County indicate that they

prevailed at the end of the Champlain Sea interval and

that plants and animals had recolonized the emergent

lowlands.

Little is known about the period from 8000-3000

B.C., but from 3000 B.C. to A.D. 1600, some well

defined cultures succeeded one another. These

included the Laurentian culture, which produced large,

ground slate knives; the Meadowood culture and its

elaborate burial ceremonials; the Point Peninsula

culture, first to make pottery of varied design motifs;

and the St. Lawrence Iroquois, likely the first farmers

in the area.

The Iroquois lived in villages with long houses and

palisades. Three of their known village sites in St.

Lawrence County, which are near Massena, near

Norwood, and in the town of Macomb, date from

around A.D. 1500. By the 1600’s, the area was a no

man's land, perhaps used occasionally for hunting and

fishing, but too dangerous for village life because of

ongoing wars between Iroquois to the south and

Huron and Algonquin to the north. A Mohawk

community, whose ancestors Jesuits converted to

Catholicism in the 1600’s, was established in the late

1700’s at St. Regis, just east of the St. Lawrence

County line between the mouths of the Raquette and

St. Regis Rivers. The St. Regis Reservation, also

known as Akwesasne, is the oldest continuously

occupied settlement in the region. At about the same

time, within what is now St. Lawrence County, the

French established a mission and built a fort, la

Presentation, on the St. Lawrence at the mouth of the

Oswegatchie River. In 1760, British troops captured la

Presentation and renamed it Fort Oswegatchie. They

occupied the fort until 1796, relinquishing it to the

Americans under the terms of Jay's Treaty. When St.

Lawrence County was established in 1802,

Ogdensburg, the site of Fort Oswegatchie, was the

county seat. The seat was moved to the village of

Canton, a more central location, in 1830.

American farmers deferred settling St. Lawrence

County until the 19th century out of fear of the British

at Fort Oswegatchie and in Canada. While a few

pioneer families, mostly New Englanders, took up land

just after 1800, settlers did not come in numbers until
St. Lawrence County, New York 15

the end of the War of 1812, in 1815. Waves of

Vermonters entered the area between 1815 and the

1840’s, as did a few immigrants from the Mohawk

Valley in the westernmost part of the county. The Irish

and the French Canadians immigrated during the late

19th century. The Irish settled mainly south and east of

Massena, and the French Canadians, along the

Franklin County border and in the logging communities

of the Adirondack foothills.

Between the Civil War and the early 20th century,

wealth in the county derived from mining, small but

efficient farms, abundant water power for local

industry, a great expanse of forestland, and colleges.

Lead, iron, tremolite, zinc, feldspar, talc, and marble

were mined in the towns of Rossie, Fowler,

Gouverneur, and Edwards. Iron, feldspar, and marble

were mined in the towns of Dekalb and Hermon. Iron

was mined in the towns of Clifton and Fine. Sandstone

was mined in the town of Potsdam.

Dairying was important by the late 19th century.

Milk was processed in local cheese factories in the

southwestern part of the county and in creameries and

butter factories in the north-central part.

Grist mills, and later pulp, paper, and ore

processing mills, were constructed using the county's

abundant hydroelectric energy. A power canal in

Massena at the end of the 19th century led to Alcoa’s

becoming the first major industry in the county (fig. 2).

Hydroelectric power was developed on the Raquette

River between 1918 and the 1950’s. In the late 1950’s

the Power Authority developed the St. Lawrence

River into the St. Lawrence Seaway for hydroelectric

power.

From 1820 to about 1920, all but a few remote

Adirondack areas were logged over. The timber was

moved on log drives to saw mills. The size and quality

of timber declined, and logging changed from sawlogs

to pulp. River drives lasted until the 1920’s; then,

trucks were used to transport logs.

As the region developed in the 19th and 20th

centuries, some colleges and universities and a ranger

school were established in St. Lawrence County.

SUNY at Potsdam was founded 1916 as St. Lawrence

Academy; Clarkson University dates back to 1896. In

Canton, St. Lawrence University was founded in 1856

and SUNY, College of Technology, at Canton, in 1906.

In Ogdensburg, Wadhams Hall Seminary College was

founded in 1924, and Mater Dei College, now closed,

in 1960. The New York State Ranger School was

founded near Wanakena in 1912.

Figure 2.—Hydroelectric power dam in Massena, New York. The dam, built in 1897, supplied electricity needed for the aluminum

industry in St. Lawrence County. The areas alongside the dam were mapped as DAM, Large dams.
16 Soil Survey

Today, marble, zinc, and tremolite mining is still

important in the town of Fowler. Zinc is mined in the

town of Pierrepont, and quarries are active near

Ogdensburg and Norwood. Ruins, open pits, and

disturbed ground cover much of the county. Agriculture

is still the county's leading industry, and fluid milk is

the chief product. Farms are fewer in number but are

larger and more intensively managed. Consequently,

large tracts of outlying, marginal, abandoned land has

been reverting to forest. This has been the trend in

areas scattered throughout the northern part of the

county. Abundant cellar holes and stone fences in the

midst of woodlots are remnants of a more universal

practice of agriculture.

Hydroelectric plants on the St. Lawrence, Grasse,

Raquette, Oswegatchie, and St. Regis Rivers are

flourishing, exporting energy and supporting

dependant industry, such as aluminum mills near

Massena and paper mills at Newton Falls and Natural

Dam. Grist, pulp, and paper mills, small hydroelectric

plants, and saw mills— all in ruins— line major

waterways. Lumbering remains an important industry,

especially in the southern part of the county, although

most logs are shipped elsewhere for processing.

Today, colleges and universities have brought

cosmopolitanism, culture, and affluence to the villages

of Canton and Potsdam and the city of Ogdensburg.

The Ranger School, part of the State University of

New York, College of Environmental Science and

Forestry, is in Wanakena.

Physiography and Geology

by Dr. James S. Street, St. Lawrence University

St. Lawrence County, the largest county in the State

of New York, has a surface area of about 2,821 square

miles. The county is named for and is bounded on the

north by the St. Lawrence River.

St. Lawrence County comprises parts of two

physiographic provinces. The northern three-fifths of

the county lies in the St. Lawrence Lowlands, and the

southern two-fifths, in the Adirondack Mountains

(MacClintock 1958). According to the Physical

Divisions of the United States, these names

correspond to the St. Lawrence Valley and the

Adirondack Province, respectively (U. S. Government

Printing Office 2000). Four major river systems drain

the county from the higher elevations in the south to

the St. Lawrence River. They are, from west to east,

those of the Oswegatchie, Grasse, Raquette, and St.

Regis Rivers.

The terrain ranges in elevation from about 220

feet above mean sea level in the northeast corner of

the St. Lawrence Lowlands to 2,700 feet on Mount

Matumbla in the southeast corner of the Adirondack

Mountains.

Bedrock

The St. Lawrence Lowlands exhibit low relief

developed on Cambro-Ordovician sandstone and

limestone terrains, which separate the St. Lawrence

River from the metamorphic terrain of the Adirondack

Mountains. Sandstone bedrock was deposited in a

shallow Cambrian sea that derived its sediment, in

part, from the ancient and relatively low dome of the

Adirondacks. The environment of deposition was not

particularly conducive to the preservation of fossils,

which are scarce in the rocks.

Moving eastward along the St. Lawrence Lowlands,

rocks grade from quartzose dolostone to a younger

sequence of dolostone and limestone of Ordovician

age (Van Diver 1985). Generally sparsely fossiliferous,

although occasionally abundantly so in the East, these

rocks provided a quiet environment of deposition,

receiving small amounts of sediment from the

surrounding area. Both the aforementioned rock

sequences dip gently northward from metamorphic

bedrock units of the Adirondack dome. This gentle

northward slope of sedimentary rocks creates the

almost level plain and the low relief of the St.

Lawrence Lowlands.

To the south, the Adirondack Mountains are

underlain by complex metamorphic rocks formed

during the Precambrian eon more than 1,100 million

years ago (American Geological Institute 1960).

Composed mainly of metasedimentary and

metavolcanic rocks (gneiss, marble, and quartzite),

the ancient rocks of the Adirondack Mountains are

part of the Canadian Shield physiographic region; the

connection is the Frontenac Axis, a low arch that

forms the Thousand Islands at the northwestern edge

of St. Lawrence County. The metamorphic "basement"

rocks of the Adirondack Mountains have been severely

folded, faulted, and sheared before and during several

episodes of uplift associated with the gradual rise of

the Adirondack Mountains.

Glacial Geology

St. Lawrence County has been glaciated repeatedly

during the last 1 to 2 million years. All that remains,

however, is evidence of the Wisconsin Glaciation,

which ended only 10,000 to 12,000 years ago.

Reaching a thickness of more than 2 miles, Wisconsin

ice during its maximum extent covered the entire
St. Lawrence County, New York 17

county. Scouring and abrading the terrain and then

depositing various thicknesses of till directly from the

ice and stratified materials from the associated

meltwater, the glacier significantly modified the surface

expression of the county. Because of the regional

slope of the terrain toward the St. Lawrence River,

meltwater was unable to drain freely from the area as

long as ice lay in the St. Lawrence Lowlands. A large

proglacial lake, Lake Iroquois, inundated the valley and

drained through the Mohawk-Hudson Valleys to the

Atlantic Ocean. As the ice retreated into Canada, a

northern outlet at a lower elevation was opened

several miles to the east of St. Lawrence County.

Because of the new outlet, the early phase of this

water body has been called Lake Frontenac (American

Geological Institute 1960). A succession of lakes was

formed having progressively lower outlets as the ice

margin further retreated to the north. Deposits of

freshwater lake sediments blanket many of the lower

areas in the northern part of the county.

The tremendous weight of the ice mass had

depressed the bedrock beneath it such that as the ice

melted, the level began to rise and marine water from

the Atlantic Ocean moved up the depressed St.

Lawrence Lowlands. Present-day investigations of

fossil clam shells and ostracods (microfossils) suggest

the saltwater arm to the ocean reached its maximum

extent across the northern part of St. Lawrence

County, at least as far west as the vicinity of

Ogdensburg (Bierstedt 1989). Freshwater from the

Great Lakes Basin and salt water from the Champlain

Sea, confluent along the St. Lawrence River from

Ogdensburg probably into Lake Ontario, supported

brackish water ostracods (Candora subtriangulata).

Through mountain building, freshwater lakes and the

Champlain Sea drained into the Atlantic, and the St.

Lawrence River became the only drainage system in

the region.

Evidence for the glacial events described above

remain in the form of compact lodgement till, loose

ablation till, stratified drift, and meltwater channels

(Kern 1987). Moreover, deltaic deposits and beach

features marking shorelines of the lakes and the

Champlain Sea and the bottom sediments of these

bodies of water contain both freshwater and saltwater

fossils. These materials comprise the parent materials

for the diverse soils developed in St. Lawrence County.

Drainage and Water Supply

Drainage

St. Lawrence County is drained by four major rivers,

two minor rivers, and numerous creeks. From west to

east, the major rivers are the Oswegatchie, the

Grasse, the Raquette, and the St. Regis. However, not

all drainage is to the St. Lawrence River, which is the

northern border of the county.

The major rivers begin deep in the Adirondack

Mountains. Of the four, only the Grasse River begins

wholly in St. Lawrence County. Rapids and waterfalls

are commonplace as these rivers pass through the

mountains on generally steep gradients toward the St.

Lawrence River. In many places, particularly along the

Raquette River, this water energy is harnessed for

hydroelectric power.

Lakes that accompany power dams provide

recreational opportunities (fig. 3). As the rivers pass to

the low relief of the St. Lawrence Lowlands, gradients

become lower, yielding less energy and

commensurately fewer sites for hydroelectric plants.

Tributary streams are relatively poorly integrated on

this low relief; abundant wet spots and swamps are on

the landscape. Of the major rivers, a flood plain is best

expressed on the Oswegatchie, but flood plains are

evident on the Grasse, Raquette, and St. Regis. Rock

structures affect the meanders of the Oswegatchie

River in the southwestern part of the county. Flood

plains on the Oswegatchie River are commonly broad

and have oxbow lakes in places. The Grasse,

Raquette, and St. Regis Rivers have fairly dendritic

patterns and narrow, discontinuous flood plains.

Tributary streams throughout the valley in the county

pass through narrow flood plains for much of their

lengths.

The Oswegatchie River enters the St. Lawrence

River at Ogdensburg. The Grasse, Raquette, and St.

Regis Rivers enter the St. Lawrence in close order,

east of Massena.

When dams and locks were built in the mid-1950’s

as part of the St. Lawrence Seaway project, the level

of the St. Lawrence River was controlled above the

mouth of the Grasse River. At the mouth of the

Massena intake, the elevation of the river rose

over 40 feet, widening the river into Lake St.

Lawrence.

Water Supply

The water supply in St. Lawrence County for rural

residents, municipalities, and industries comes from

either springs, wells, or rivers.

Rural residents generally get their potable water

from deep wells; however, some residents still get their

drinking water from springs or shallow wells. Most

deep wells are drilled into bedrock, although some

take advantage of localized sand and gravel aquifers.

Sulfur water is a problem in some wells in the

northern part of the county, particularly where
18 Soil Survey

sandstone, dolostone, or limestone bedrock is

predominant.

Municipal water supplies of villages, hamlets, and

industrial sites commonly are derived from either wells

or nearby rivers.

Surficial Geology

J.D. Carl, State University of New York at Potsdam;

J.M. Erickson and J.S. Street, St. Lawrence University;

and R.B. Bryant, Cornell University, helped to prepare this

section.

This section outlines the surficial geology in the

county. Through intensive field study, ten distinct

areas, or units, have been defined and described.

These units do not refer to any of the maps included

in this report. These units were correlated based

on recorded observations of actual field

conditions.

1. Glacial Till

Glacial till makes up about 23 percent of the survey

area. It is especially prominent in the northeast quarter

of the county. The till is poorly sorted, randomly

heterogeneous material that consists of sand, silt, clay,

gravel, stones, and boulders deposited during the

Wisconsin Glaciation. Composition of till reflects

changes in bedrock over which glaciers moved from

north to south. Carbonate rocks in the till, including

limestone, dolostone, and dolomitic sandstone, decline

in relative abundance from north to south across the

county. Till with carbonate rocks gives way to till with

abundant sandstone, which gives way to till with

increasing content of crystalline feldspathic rocks

(Clark 1983, Clark 1984).

In places, the glacial till has topographic expression

as elongate, discontinuous, low-lying till ridges

(MacClintock 1965). These ridges occur in an area

roughly the shape of a triangle connecting

Ogdensburg, Potsdam, and Massena. They are

generally elongate in a northeast-southwest direction,

are 1 to 2 miles long, 400 to 700 yards long, and 30 to

100 feet high. The tops and sides of some ridges have

been molded into small drumlins oriented north-south;

they occur as islands in the St. Lawrence River near

Waddington and Massena. Along New York Route 37,

east of Massena, the ridges, called ribbed moraines,

confine the relatively straight, easterly channels of the

Grasse and Raquette Rivers. They likely formed by

thrust faulting near the base of the till-laden front of the

glacier moving southward toward the Adirondack

Mountains (Carl 1978). They have been submerged

and eroded by waves in the aftermath of continental

glaciation, first under a vast, freshwater, ice-dammed

lake, and later under the Champlain Sea. Thus,

underlying some areas between the glacial hills are

Figure 3.—Norwood Lake and the village of Norwood. A hydroelectric power dam built on the Raquette River impounded the lake. In

the foreground is Hogansburg fine sandy loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes.
St. Lawrence County, New York 19

soils formed in fine textured, well sorted lacustrine and

marine sediments.

In the northern part of the county, where the glacial

till has a large component of carbonate material,

Grenville and Hogansburg soils dominate higher

portions of till landscapes. In the central part of the

county, where the glacial till has intermediate

carbonate levels, Pyrities and Kalurah soils are

dominant in higher topographic positions. In both the

northern and central parts of the county, Malone and

Runeberg soils are common in lower topographic

positions on till landscapes. In the southern part of the

county, where the glacial till has a low component of

carbonate material, Potsdam and Crary soils

commonly are in the higher areas of glacial till

topography and Adirondack, Lyme, and Tughill soils

are dominant in the lower areas.

Included in this unit are areas of glaciofluvial

sediments, lacustrine sediments, and marine

sediments. The glaciofluvial sediments are generally

well sorted and occur as long, sinuous ridges, or

eskers, or as hummocky hills, or kames, deposited on

or against the sides of bedrock hills.

2. Glacial Till Underlain by Precambrian Crystalline

Bedrock

This unit makes up about 33 percent of the survey

area and is extensive in the southern part of the

county. The glacial till is poorly sorted, heterogeneous

materials deposited directly during the Wisconsin

Glaciation. Like Glacial Till (in unit 1, above), it

consists of random quantities of sand, silt, clay, gravel,

stones, and boulders. Much of the till consists of

ancient, crystalline rock fragments. Carbonate rock

declines in abundance from north to south across the

extent of the unit. Landscapes consist of alternating

areas of shallow and moderately deep glacial till and

areas of exposed bedrock.

Topography in this unit consists of low mountains

and networks of hills and intervening valleys. In some

places of slight relief, topography is knobby or consists

of a complex of low ridges and narrow, clay-filled

valleys.

In the northern part of the county, Insula and

Quetico soils dominate the landscape of bedrockcontrolled glacial till. In the southern part of the county,

Tunbridge and Lyman soils are dominant.

Included in this unit are areas of glaciofluvial,

lacustrine, and marine sediments and peat.

Glaciofluvial sediments are well sorted and generally

occur as sinuous ridges, or eskers, or on valley sides

as kames. Well-sorted, fine-textured lacustrine and

marine sediments are on valley floors. Peat is in

depressions on valley floors or is on benches on

hillsides.

3. Glacial Till Underlain by Cambro-Ordovician

Strata

This unit makes up about 2 percent of the survey

area. It occurs in the northwestern part of the county

between Black Lake and the St. Lawrence River. The

till is poorly sorted, heterogeneous material that

consists of sand, silt, clay, cobbles, and boulders. The

generally flat landscapes are underlain by nearly

horizontal Cambrian and Ordovician sandstone and

sandy dolomite of the Potsdam and Theresa

formations.

Relief is slight on a topography of flat-topped,

mesalike uplands, whose long axes are aligned

northeast-southwest. Uplands, which are underlain by

horizontal strata, end in short scarps.

Insula, Summerville, Nehasne, and Quetico soils

are dominant on the higher parts of these bedrockcontrolled landscapes. Ogdensburg and Hannawa

soils are dominant on the lower parts.

Included in this unit are areas of marine sediments

and peat. Well-sorted, fine-textured marine sediments

are on similar, but generally lower, landscapes. Areas

of peat are in depressions, commonly along streams.

4. Marine Deposits Underlain by CambroOrdovician Strata

This unit consists of areas of marine sediments

underlain by horizontal sandstone and sandy dolomite

of the Potsdam and Theresa formations. It makes up

about 2 percent of the survey area. It is restricted to

the area north of Black Lake in the northwest part of

the county. The marine sediments consist of wellsorted silts and clays deposited after glaciation in the

Champlain Sea.

Topography consists of vast, planar surfaces

separated by low hills and short, bedrock scarps of

slight relief. Muskellunge, Matoon, and Adjidaumo soils

are dominant on these marine landscapes.

Included in this unit are areas of glacial till and peat.

Heterogeneous, poorly sorted glacial till is on

landscapes similar to those formed on marine

sediments. However, it commonly is on low, mesalike

landforms bounded by short scarps, generally at

higher elevations.

Peat is in depressions, generally along streams.

5. Glacial Till Underlain by Precambrian Marble and

Gneiss

This unit takes in about 3 percent of the survey

area. It is mainly in the western part of the county.

Areas of thin glacial till are underlain by some gneiss
20 Soil Survey

and various minor rock types, but chiefly coarsely

crystalline, Precambrian marble. The glacial till

consists of poorly sorted, heterogeneous materials

deposited directly during the Wisconsin Glaciation.

The till consists of random quantities of sand, silt, clay,

gravel, stones, and boulders. It has abundant

carbonate rock fragments, which buffer acid rain.

Landscapes consist of areas of shallow and

moderately deep glacial till alternating with areas of

exposed bedrock.

Topography of this unit is rough and broken and is

controlled in part by irregular outcrops of highly folded

marble formations. In most areas the landscape

consists of networks of small ridges. The ridges

consist of a thin mantle of loamy glacial till overlying

marble bedrock and have numerous scarps and rock

outcrops.

Dominant in this unit are Summerville, Insula, and

Quetico soils.

Included in this unit are areas of glaciofluvial,

lacustrine, and marine sediments and peat. Wellsorted glaciofluvial sediments generally occur as

kames or as kame terraces on sides of hills. Wellsorted, fine-textured lacustrine and marine sediments

are on valley floors. Peat is in depressions, also on

valley floors.

6. Marine Deposits

This unit consists of well-sorted, marine silt and

clay sediments. It makes up about 10 percent of the

survey area. It occurs northwest of the marine line that

marks the southern margin of the ancient Champlain

Sea in the St. Lawrence Lowlands. The Champlain

Sea was an arm of the Atlantic Ocean that flooded the

ice-depressed St. Lawrence and Champlain Valleys

between about 11,800 and 10,000 years ago following

the retreat of continental ice.

The sediments contain marine shells, particularly

those of the white, fingernail-sized, bottom-dwelling

clams Hiatella arctica and Macoma balthica. Today,

these species live in shallow, subarctic waters. Whale

and seal fossils have been recovered in the St.

Lawrence Lowlands. White (Beluga) whale bones and

teeth, which were recovered from clay deposits near

Norfolk, were carbon-dated as 10,450 years old; they

are on display in the New York State Museum.

The gentle topography consists of low hills

alternating with broad, level areas. Streams are

moderately incised into marine sediments, and

landslides and slumps have scarred steep

streambanks.

Included in this unit are areas of heterogeneous,

poorly sorted till that makes up hills with long

northeast-southwest axes. Some small areas of peat

are in depressions and along streams. Muskellunge,

Huevelton, and Adjidaumo soils and to a lesser extent

Flackville, Stockholm, Elmwood, and Swanton soils

are on these landscapes.

7. Lacustrine Deposits

This unit, which consists of silt and clay lacustrine

deposits, makes up about 3 percent of the survey

area. After glaciation, a vast, freshwater lake covered

the St. Lawrence Lowlands, but ice retreating

northward damned the lake’s outlet to the St.

Lawrence River (Clark 1984). Most of the lake’s water

likely originated from melting ice and from streams

draining the Adirondack Mountains. This lake was

deeper than the later Champlain Sea, and its shoreline

extended farther south. Consequently, these deposits

do not have the marine fossils characteristic of Marine

Deposits.

Topography of this unit consists of planar basins

separated by hills of glacial till. The slight or moderate

relief depends on glacial till. Rivers and streams in this

unit are not as deeply incised as those in similar

marine deposits near Massena, in the northeastern

part of the county.

Nicholville and Salmon soils are dominant on the

higher parts of these landscapes. Hailesboro,

Wegatchie, and Roundabout soils are dominant on the

lower parts.

Included in this unit are areas of glacial till, sandy

terraces and deltas, sandy and gravelly kames, and

peat. The heterogeneous, poorly sorted till is on hills

and ridges that have numerous rock outcrops.

Terraces consist of well-sorted sands that in some

areas bracket streams. Kames, where sand and gravel

have been sorted and stratified, are on some hills or

hillsides in the central part of the valleys. Peat is in

depressions, in some areas near streams.

8. Beach Deposits: Sands, and Sands and Gravels

This unit is in the St. Lawrence Lowlands, mainly in

the northern part. It makes up about 8 percent of the

survey area. It consists of well-sorted sands and

mixed sand and gravel deposited as beach material in

the Champlain Sea. Much sand was deposited

simultaneously with, or slightly later than, marine clay

in unit 6. Sand was derived from streams that drained

northward from the Adirondack Mountains, as they do

now. Cobbles and boulders may have eroded from

nearby hills of glacial till. These hills, at some stage of

a declining sea level, protruded as islands from the

Champlain Sea. Waves pounding the shoreline may

have winnowed away finer sands, depositing the larger

rocks along the beach. In some areas, wind reworked

beaches into small, crescentic sand dunes that forest
St. Lawrence County, New York 21

cover anchored from further movement. These sandy

areas were deposited as marine beaches, and wind

frequently redistributed sand. Near Massena, most

sandy beach deposits are underlain at some depth by

marine clays.

Topography of this unit consists mainly of great

stretches of level land broken by low hills and ridges of

slight relief.

In the northern part of the county on the higher

parts of the landscape, Adams and Croghan soils are

dominant where sediments are sandy and Trout River

and Fahey soils are dominant where sediments are

gravelly. Coveytown, Cook, Deford, Naumburg, and

Searsport soils are dominant in most lower parts of

the landscape.

Included in this unit are areas of glacial till, marine

clay, and peat. Heterogeneous, poorly sorted glacial till

is on hills and ridges. Marine clay and silt are in places

in basins, exposed by streams that incised beach

sands. Peat is in low areas, commonly near streams.

9. Deltas and Glaciofluvial Deposits, Sands, and

Sands and Gravels

This unit takes in about 9 percent of the survey

area. It consists of sand and mixed sand and gravel

deposited as deltas or as glaciofluvial features in the

central and southern parts of the county. Deltaic

sediments consist of well-sorted sands and as

stratified sands and gravel deposited as deltas when

rivers discharged into glacial lakes. Wind has been

eroding and redistributing some sand. Glaciofluvial

sediments are moderately well-sorted, stratified sands

and gravels. They are within sinuous, steep-sided

eskers; on networks of knolls and kettles; or on

terraces that skirt hills and mountains.

Topography of this unit ranges from broad and

planar to hilly or ridgelike. Relief is slight or moderate.

Adams and Croghan soils are dominant in higher

areas with sandier sediments. Naumburg and

Searsport soils are dominant in lower areas with

sandy sediments. Colton and Duxbury soils are

dominant in areas with gravelly sediments.

Included in this unit are areas of glacial till,

lacustrine clay and silt, and peat. Heterogeneous,

poorly sorted glacial till is on hills and ridges.

Lacustrine clay and silt are on valley floors and in

basins; they are also below beach sands where

incised streams expose them. Peat is in low areas,

commonly near streams.

10. Peat Deposits

This unit makes up about 7 percent of the survey

area. Peat consists of decomposing woody plants and

sphagnum peat moss. It developed as organic matter

that accumulated because of a high water table in old,

glaciated lake basins or along streams (Johnson

1985). It is commonly in large, continuous, concave

areas in some stream valleys and also in networks of

closely spaced or interconnected basins.

Topography of this unit is generally flat, broken only

by low hills of included glacial till sediments,

glaciofluvial sediments, or other materials.

In the northern part of the county, Carbondale and

Dorval soils are most common on these landscapes.

In the southern part, Loxley and Dawson soils are

most common.

Included in this unit are areas of glacial till,

lacustrine deposits, beach sand, glaciofluvial sand and

gravel, and marine sediments. Heterogeneous, poorly

sorted till is on hills and ridges that have numerous

rock outcrops and surface stones. Marine and

lacustrine silt and clay are in similar, but generally

slightly higher topographic settings than those of peat.

Beach sand and glaciofluvial sand and gravel are on

intervening hummocks, hills, and ridges in a vast

network of peat bogs. Marine sediments are in the St.

Lawrence Lowlands.

Climate

Table 1 gives data on temperature and precipitation

for the survey area as recorded at Canton, New York,

in the period 1951-86. Table 2 shows probable dates of

the first freeze in fall and the last freeze in spring.

Table 3 provides data on length of the growing season.

In winter, the average temperature is 18 degrees F,

and the average daily minimum temperature is 8

degrees. The lowest temperature on record, which

occurred at Canton, on January 9, 1968, is -40

degrees. In summer, the average temperature is 66

degrees, and the average daily maximum temperature

is 77 degrees. The highest recorded temperature,

which occurred at Canton on August 2, 1975, is 97

degrees.

Growing degree days are shown in table 1. They

are equivalent to "heat units." During the month,

growing degree days accumulate by the amount that

the average temperature each day exceeds a base

temperature (40 degrees F). The normal monthly

accumulation is used to schedule single or successive

plantings of a crop between the last freeze in spring

and the first freeze in fall.

The total annual precipitation is about 35.56 inches.

Of this, 20 inches, or 57 percent, usually falls in April

to September. The growing season for most crops falls

within this period. In 2 years out of 10, the rainfall in

April to September is less than 18 inches. The

heaviest 1-day rainfall during the period of record was
22 Soil Survey

3.82 inches on August 10, 1959. Thunderstorms occur

on about 28 days each year, and most occur in

summer.

The average seasonal snowfall is about 81 inches.

The greatest snow depth at any one time during the

period of record was 58 inches. On the average, 70

days of the year have at least 1 inch of snow on the

ground. The number of such days varies greatly from

year to year.

The average relative humidity in midafternoon is

about 60 percent. Humidity is higher at night, and the

average at dawn is about 80 percent. The sun shines

60 percent of the time possible in summer and 30

percent in winter. The prevailing wind is from the westnorthwest. Average windspeed is highest, 11 miles per

hour, in spring.

How This Survey Was Made

This survey was made to provide information about

the soils and miscellaneous areas in the survey area.

The information includes a description of the soils and

miscellaneous areas and their location and a

discussion of their suitability, limitations, and

management for specified uses. Soil scientists

observed the steepness, length, and shape of the

slopes; the general pattern of drainage; the kinds of

crops and native plants; and the kinds of bedrock.

They dug many holes to study the soil profile, which is

the sequence of natural layers, or horizons, in a soil

(fig. 4). The profile extends from the surface down into

the unconsolidated material in which the soil formed.

The unconsolidated material is devoid of roots and

other living organisms and has not been changed by

other biological activity.

The soils and miscellaneous areas in the survey

area are in an orderly pattern related to the geology,

landforms, relief, climate, and natural vegetation of the

area. Each kind of soil and miscellaneous area is

associated with a particular kind of landform or with a

segment of the landform. By observing the soils and

miscellaneous areas in the survey area and relating

their position to specific segments of the landform, a

soil scientist develops a concept or model of how they

were formed. Thus, during mapping, this model

enables the soil scientist to predict with a considerable

degree of accuracy the kind of soil or miscellaneous

area at a specific location on the landscape.

Commonly, individual soils on the landscape merge

into one another as their characteristics gradually

change. To construct an accurate soil map, however,

soil scientists must determine the boundaries between

the soils. They can observe only a limited number of

soil profiles. Nevertheless, these observations,

supplemented by an understanding of the soilvegetation-landscape relationship, are sufficient to

verify predictions of the kinds of soil in an area and to

determine the boundaries.

Soil scientists recorded the characteristics of the

soil profiles that they studied. They noted color,

texture, size and shape of soil aggregates, kind and

amount of rock fragments, distribution of plant roots,

reaction, and other features that enable them to

identify soils. After describing the soils in the survey

area and determining their properties, the soil

scientists assigned the soils to taxonomic classes

(units). Taxonomic classes are concepts. Each

taxonomic class has a set of soil characteristics with

precisely defined limits. The classes are used as a

basis for comparison to classify soils systematically.

Soil taxonomy, the system of taxonomic classification

used in the United States, is based mainly on the kind

and character of soil properties and the arrangement

of horizons within the profile. After the soil scientists

classified and named the soils in the survey area, they

compared the individual soils with similar soils in the

same taxonomic class in other areas so that they

could confirm data and assemble additional data

based on experience and research.

While a soil survey is in progress, samples of some

of the soils in the area generally are collected for

laboratory analyses and for engineering tests. Soil

scientists interpret the data from these analyses and

tests as well as the field-observed characteristics and

the soil properties to determine the expected behavior

of the soils under different uses. Interpretations for all

of the soils are field tested to observation of the soils

in different uses and under different levels of

management. Some interpretations are modified to fit

local conditions, and some new interpretations are

developed to meet local needs. Data are assembled

from other sources, such as research information,

production records, and field experience of specialists.

For example, data on crop yields under defined levels

of management are assembled from farm records and

from field or plot experiments on the same kinds of

soil.

Predictions about soil behavior are based not only

on soil properties, but also on such variables as

climate and biological activity. Soil conditions are

predictable over long periods of time, but they are not

predictable from year to year. For example, soil

scientists can predict with a fairly high degree of

accuracy that a given soil will have a high water table

within certain depths in most years, but they cannot

predict that a high water table will always be at a

specific level in the soil on a specific date.

After soil scientists located and identified the
St. Lawrence County, New York 23

significant natural bodies of soil in the survey area,

they drew the boundaries of these bodies on aerial

photographs and identified each as a specific map

unit. Aerial photographs show trees, buildings, fields,

roads, and rivers, all of which help in locating

boundaries accurately.

Map Unit Composition

A map unit delineation on a soil map represents an

area dominated by one major kind of soil or an area

dominated by several kinds of soil. A map unit is

identified and named according to the taxonomic

classification of the dominant soil or soils. Within a

taxonomic class there are precisely defined limits for

the properties of the soils. On the landscape, however,

the soils are natural objects. In common with other

natural objects, they have a characteristic variability in

their properties. Thus, the range of some observed

properties may extend beyond the limits defined for a

taxonomic class. Areas of soils of a single taxonomic

class rarely, if ever, can be mapped without including

areas of soils of other taxonomic classes.

Consequently, every map unit is made up of the soil or

soils for which it is named and some soils that belong

to other taxonomic classes. These latter soils are

called inclusions or included soils.

Most inclusions have properties and behavioral

patterns similar to those of the dominant soil or soils in

the map unit, and thus they do not affect use and

management. These are called noncontrasting

(similar) inclusions. They may or may not be

mentioned in the map unit descriptions. Other

inclusions, however, have properties and behavior

divergent enough to affect use or require different

management. These are contrasting (dissimilar)

inclusions. They generally occupy small areas and

cannot be shown separately on the soil maps because

of the scale used in mapping. The inclusions of

contrasting soils are mentioned in the map unit

descriptions. A few inclusions may not have been

observed and consequently are not mentioned in the

descriptions, especially where the soil pattern was so

complex that it was impractical to make enough

observations to identify all the kinds of soil on the

landscape.

The presence of inclusions in a map unit in no way

diminishes the usefulness or accuracy of the soil data.

The objective of soil mapping is not to delineate pure

taxonomic classes of soils, but rather to separate the

landscape into segments that have similar use and

Figure 4.—Diagram of a typical landscape setting for Muskellunge silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, on a lake plain. The

exaggerated schematic of soil layers represents the soil profile.

A Horizon

1 Foot

B Horizon

C Horizon

2 Feet

3 Feet

4 Feet

5 Feet
24

management requirements. The delineation of such

landscape segments on the map provides sufficient

information for the development of resource plans, but

onsite investigation is needed to plan for intensive

uses in small areas.
25

The general soil map in this publication shows

broad areas that have a distinctive pattern of soils,

relief, and drainage. Each map unit on the general

soil map is a unique natural landscape. Typically,

it consists of one or more major soils or

miscellaneous areas and some minor soils or

miscellaneous areas. It is named for the major

soils or miscellaneous areas. The components

of one map unit can occur in another but in a

different pattern.

The general soil map can be used to compare the

suitability of large areas for general land uses. Areas

of suitable soils can be identified on the map. Likewise,

areas where the soils are not suitable can be

identified.

Because of its small scale, the map is not suitable

for planning the management of a farm or field or for

selecting a site for a road or building or other structure.

The soils in any one map unit differ from place to place

in slope, depth, drainage, and other characteristics

that affect management.

In some areas along the border of St. Lawrence

County, the names of the general soil map

units do not match those of the adjoining counties.

These discrepancies exist because of differences

in the detail of mapping, changes in soil classification,

and differences in the proportion of the same soil

in adjacent counties. In these areas, the units

in adjoining counties contain similar kinds of

soils.

Soil Descriptions

Dominantly very deep, nearly level to moderately

steep, well drained to poorly drained soils; formed

in glacial till, marine deposits, and lacustrine

deposits

The four general soil map units in this group make

up about 24 percent of the county. The soils in these

units are very deep. They formed in glacial till and

marine deposits on parts of the Adirondack

Mountains, on foothills, and on parts of marine

plains.

1. Hogansburg-Muskellunge-Grenville

Very deep, well drained to somewhat poorly drained,

loamy soils formed in glacial till and in marine

deposits; on hills and ridges and in intervening basins

or on broad footslopes

This map unit has moderate relief (fig. 5). It

comprises low hills and ridges separated by concave,

flatter areas. The hills and ridges are commonly

oriented northeast-southwest and consist of glacial till.

The intervening, low-lying basins consist mainly of

marine sediment overlying glacial till, and are

dissected by streams and rivers. In many places the

major streams and rivers have cut through the mantle

of marine sediments and the till to dolostone or

limestone bedrock.

Slopes of the overall landscape range from 3 to 15

percent. The vegetatative cover is northern

hardwoods.

This map unit makes up about 12 percent of the

survey area. It is about 29 percent Hogansburg soils,

11 percent Muskellunge soils, 11 percent Grenville

soils, and 49 percent soils of minor extent.

Hogansburg soils are on broad ridgetops and

gentle side slopes. They are gently sloping, very deep,

and moderately well drained. They have a loamy

subsoil and substratum and are mottled. They formed

in glacial till.

Muskellunge soils are in slightly concave basins or

on gentle terraces skirting higher topographic features.

They are gently sloping, very deep, and somewhat

poorly drained. They have a mottled, clayey subsoil

and substratum. They formed in marine deposits.

Grenville soils are on ridgetops. They are strongly

sloping, very deep, and well drained. They have a

loamy subsoil and substratum. They formed in glacial

till.

Of minor extent in this map unit are Swanton,

Malone, Adjidaumo, Waddington, Croghan, Runeberg,

and Mino soils. Swanton and Mino soils are on toe

slopes commonly adjacent to streams. Swanton soils

are somewhat poorly drained and poorly drained. Mino

soils are somewhat poorly drained. Adjidaumo and

Runeberg soils are somewhat poorly drained and are

General Soil Map Units
26 Soil Survey

somewhat excessively drained and are on crests of

narrow ridges. Croghan soils are moderately well

drained and are on deltaic ridges.

About 80 percent of the acreage of this unit has

been cleared. Most cleared areas are used for corn

silage or hay. Stony areas on the hills and ridges are

mostly used as pasture or forest land or as sites for

structures mostly located on the tops of gentle hills

and ridges.

Most areas of this unit are suitable for farming. In

places surface stones limit tillage. On Muskellunge

and included soils the seasonal high water table limits

agricultural production. Erosion is a hazard on the

longer, steeper slopes. On pasture, overgrazing and

grazing when the soils are wet destroy soil tilth, reduce

productivity, and are the main management concerns.

This unit is suited to trees. Sugar maple, eastern

hemlock, red maple, and American beech grow in

convex areas. Red maple, gray birch, trembling aspen,

and white oak are dominant in the flatter, more

concave areas. Productivity of trees on this unit is

moderate or high. In spring and fall seasonal wetness

causes severe rutting of skid trails and access roads

and limits timber harvesting.

The seasonal high water table on Hogansburg and

Muskellunge soils is the main limitation to use of this

unit as a site for community development.

2. Kalurah-Pyrities-Malone

Very deep, well drained to somewhat poorly drained,

loamy soils formed in glacial till on tops and side

slopes of hills and knolls

This map unit has moderate relief. It comprises

broad, low hills and ridges separated to a minor extent

Glacial Till

Glac Til ial

l

Marine Clay

Glacial Till

Granitic Bedrock

Glacial Till

Glacial Till

Granitic Bedrock

Rock outcrop

Rock 

outcrop

Rock 

outcrop

Rock outcrop

Insula

Insula

Insula

Muskellunge

Adjidaumo

Adjidaumo

Heuvelton

Figure 5.—Typical landscape of soils and underlying material of the Hogansburg-Muskellunge-Grenville association.

in depressions where water tends to pond. Malone

soils are somewhat poorly drained and are on lower

backslopes and on footslopes. Waddington soils are
St. Lawrence County, New York 27

by concave, flatter areas. The hills and ridges are

commonly oriented northeast-southeast and consist

of glacial till. Numerous short drainageways notched

into hillsides along the Oswegatchie River flow

into creeks and rivers flowing into the St. Lawrence

River. These rivers and major creeks and in places

narrow flood plains have, in many areas, cut down

to bedrock. Most slopes of the overall landscape

are 3 to 8 percent, but the range is 3 to 15 percent.

The vegetative cover is northern hardwoods.

This map unit makes up about 4 percent of the

survey area. It is about 25 percent Kalurah soils, 22

percent Pyrities soils, 22 percent Malone soils, and 31

percent soils of minor extent.

Kalurah soils are on broad ridgetops and on gentle

side slopes. They are gently sloping, very deep, and

moderately well drained. They have a loamy subsoil

and substratum and are mottled in the lower part of

the subsoil and in the substratum.

Pyrities soils are on ridgetops, hilltops, and the

steeper side slopes. They are strongly sloping, very

deep, and well drained. They have a loamy subsoil and

substratum.

Malone soils are on the lower side slopes and

footslopes. They are nearly level and gently sloping,

very deep, and somewhat poorly drained. They have a

mottled, loamy subsoil and substratum.

Of minor extent in this map unit are Adjidaumo,

Swanton, and Elmwood soils. Adjidaumo soils are in

depressions where water is occasionally ponded and

are poorly drained and very poorly drained. Swanton

soils, on toe slopes and commonly adjacent to

streams, are somewhat poorly drained and poorly

drained. Elmwood soils, on convex, beveled

footslopes, are moderately well drained.

About 75 percent of the acreage of this map unit

has been cleared, mostly for corn silage or hay. Stony

areas on hills and ridges are mostly used as pasture

or forest land or have reverted to forest succession.

Farm structures are mostly located on tops of gentle

hills and ridges.

Most areas of this map unit are suitable for farming.

In places surface stones can be a problem for tillage.

On Malone and included soils the seasonal high water

table limits agricultural production. Erosion is a hazard

on some of the longer, steeper slopes.

On pasture, overgrazing and grazing when the soils

are wet, which damage soil tilth and reduce

productivity, are management concerns.

This unit is suited to trees. Sugar maple, eastern

hemlock, red maple, northern white cedar, and

American beech are common species. Productivity of

trees is moderate or high. In spring and fall seasonal

wetness limits timber harvesting, particularly on

Malone soils. It can cause severe rutting of skid trails

and access roads, an excessive windthrow hazard,

and seedling mortality.

The seasonal high water table on Kalurah and

Malone soils is the main limitation to use of this unit as

a site for community development.

3. Malone-Kalurah-Hailesboro

Very deep, somewhat poorly drained and moderately

well drained loamy soils formed in glacial till and

lacustrine sediments; on gentle ridges and knolls, in

intervening basins, and on broad footslopes

This map unit, which has moderate relief,

comprises broad, low hills and ridges separated to a

minor extent by concave, flatter areas. Numerous

small streams course to the landscape, joining rivers

that flow into the St. Lawrence River. The rivers,

bracketed by narrow flood plains in places, have in

many areas cut down to bedrock. Slopes of the overall

landscape range from 2 to 8 percent. The vegetative

cover is northern hardwoods.

This map unit makes up about 4 percent of the

survey area. It is about 44 percent Malone soils, 15

percent Kalurah soils, 11 percent Hailesboro soils, and

30 percent soils of minor extent.

Malone soils are on slight knolls and on broad, low

hills. They are gently sloping, very deep, and

somewhat poorly drained. They have a mottled, loamy

subsoil and substratum. They formed in glacial till.

Kalurah soils are on small, prominent hills and

knolls. They are gently sloping, very deep, and

moderately well drained. They have a loamy subsoil

and substratum and are mottled in the lower part of

the subsoil and in the substratum. They formed in

lacustrine sediments.

Hailesboro soils, on footslopes between hills and

knolls, are gently sloping. They are very deep,

somewhat poorly drained, and loamy. They have a

mottled, loamy subsoil and substratum.

Of minor extent in this map unit are Adjidaumo,

Swanton, and Stockholm soils, Borosaprists, and

Fluvaquents. Adjidaumo soils are in depressions

where water tends to pond. They are poorly drained

and very poorly drained. Swanton and Stockholm soils

are intermingled with Malone soils on footslopes and

on broader flats broken by numerous small knolls.

Swanton soils are somewhat poorly drained and

poorly drained. Stockholm soils are poorly drained.

Borosaprists and Fluvaquents, on flood plains, are

somewhat poorly drained to very poorly drained.

About 65 percent of the acreage of this unit has

been cleared, mostly for corn silage or hay. Stony

areas on the knolls and ridges are mostly used as
28 Soil Survey

pasture or forest land or have reverted to forest

succession. Farm structures are mostly located on

tops of gentle hills and ridges. Most areas of this map

unit are suitable for farming. In some places surface

stones limit tillage. On Malone, Hailesboro, and

included soils, the seasonal high water table limits

agricultural production. Erosion is a hazard on the

longer, steeper slopes. Overgrazing and grazing when

the soils are wet damage soil tilth, reduce productivity,

and are the main management concerns.

This unit is suitable for trees. Eastern hemlock, red

maple, northern white cedar, gray birch, and trembling

aspen grow well on these soils. Productivity for trees is

moderate or high. In spring and fall seasonal wetness

causes severe rutting of skid trails and access roads

and limits timber harvesting.

The seasonal high water table is the main limitation

to use of this map unit as a site for community

development.

4. Potsdam-Crary-Adirondack

Very deep, well drained to poorly drained, loamy soils

formed in glacial till; on broad side slopes in the

Adirondack Mountains and foothills

This map unit has moderate relief. It comprises

large hills and ridges and side slopes of small

mountains, and is dissected by numerous small

streams. Slopes of the overall landscape range from

0 to 35 percent, but are mostly 3 to 15 percent.

The vegetative cover is the beech-birch-maple type.

This map unit makes up about 4 percent of the

survey area. It is about 40 percent Potsdam soils, 25

percent Crary soils, 20 percent Adirondack soils, and

15 percent soils of minor extent.

Potsdam soils are on broad hillsides and dissected

mountainsides. They are strongly sloping and

moderately steep, very deep, and well drained. They

have a loamy subsoil and a loamy, dense, firm or very

firm, impermeable substratum at depths ranging from

18 to 34 inches.

Crary soils are on broad backslopes, upper

footslopes, and benches. They are gently sloping and

strongly sloping, very deep, and moderately well

drained. They have a loamy subsoil and a loamy,

dense, firm or very firm, impermeable substratum at

depths ranging from 16 to 28 inches. The lower part of

the subsoil and the substratum are mottled.

Adirondack soils are on footslopes between hills

and on broad benches. They are nearly level and

gently sloping, very deep, and somewhat poorly

drained and poorly drained. They have a loamy subsoil

and a dense, firm or very firm, impermeable

substratum at a depth of 15 to 30 inches. Both the

subsoil and substratum are mottled.

Of minor extent in this map unit are Dawson,

Lyman, and Tunbridge soils. Dawson soils, in

depressions where water ponds, are very poorly

drained and organic. Lyman and Tunbridge soils are

on the upper backslopes and on mountaintops and

hilltops. Lyman soils are somewhat excessively

drained and shallow. Tunbridge soils are well drained

and moderately deep.

About 5 percent of this unit, mostly in the

Adirondack foothills, has been cleared for pasture, hay,

and potatoes. Much of the cleared land has been

reverting to brushland. The uncleared acreage is in

second-growth hardwoods.

Most areas of this unit are not suitable for farming

because of surface stones. The hazard of erosion on

the longer, steeper slopes and the seasonal high

water table on Adirondack and included soils are also

problems for agricultural production.

On pasture, overgrazing and grazing when the soils

are wet damage soil tilth and reduce productivity, and

are management concerns.

This unit is well suited to trees. Sugar maple, yellow

birch, and American beech are the most common

species, followed by red spruce and eastern hemlock.

Productivity for trees in most areas of this unit is

moderate or high. In spring and fall seasonal wetness

on Crary and Adirondack soils limits timber harvesting.

It can cause severe rutting of skid trails and access

roads, especially on Adirondack soils and the wetter,

included soils.

The seasonal high water table on Adirondack and

Crary soils and the dense, firm substratum in these

and Potsdam soils are the main limitations to use of

this unit as a site for community development.

Dominantly rock outcrops and very shallow to

very deep, nearly level to moderately steep,

somewhat excessively drained to very poorly

drained soils; formed in glacial till and marine

deposits

The four general soil map units in this group make

up about 39 percent of the county. The soils in these

units formed in glacial till on the Adirondack Mountains

and foothills. They are mainly shallow or very shallow

and have areas of Rock outcrop.

5. Tunbridge-Potsdam-Lyman

Shallow to very deep, well drained and somewhat

excessively drained, loamy soils formed in glacial till

on the Adirondack Mountains and foothills and on the

crests and upper backslopes of hills

This map unit covers extensive areas in the

southern part of the county. It comprises large

networks of hills and ridges where bedrock underlies
St. Lawrence County, New York 29

shallow and moderately deep glacial till. In some

places it is on tops and upper side slopes of

mountains and large hills that have moderate relief. In

some places the overall landscape has only slight

relief and the topography is knobby. Numerous small

streams drain these units. Most slopes are 3 to 30

percent, but the range is 3 to 60 percent. The

vegetative cover is beech, birch, maple, red spruce,

and eastern hemlock.

This map unit makes up about 22 percent of the

survey area. It is about 25 percent Tunbridge soils, 15

percent Potsdam soils, 10 percent Lyman soils, and

50 percent soils of minor extent.

Tunbridge soils are on the upper backslopes and on

glaciated rock knobs. They are strongly sloping and

moderately steep, moderately deep, and well drained.

They have a loamy subsoil and a substratum underlain

by granite or gneiss bedrock at a depth of 20 to 40

inches.

Potsdam soils are on smooth backslopes of hills

and mountains. They are strongly sloping and

moderately steep, very deep, and well drained. They

have a loamy subsoil and a loamy, dense, firm or very

firm, impermeable substratum at a depth of 18 to 34

inches.

Lyman soils are on the tops and upper backslopes

of hills, mountains, and glaciated rock knobs. They are

strongly sloping and moderately steep, shallow, and

somewhat excessively drained. They have a loamy

subsoil underlain by granite or gneiss bedrock at a

depth of 10 to 20 inches.

Of minor extent in this unit are areas of rock

outcrops, Loxley soils, Borosaprists, Fluvaquents, and

Udifluvents. Rock outcrops are on the tops of hills and

ridges and in short, sheer areas on mountainsides.

Loxley soils, in depressions where water tends to

pond, are very poorly drained and organic.

Borosaprists, Fluvaquents, and Udifluvents are

on bottomlands along streams. Borosaprists are

very poorly drained, Fluvaquents are somewhat

poorly drained to very poorly drained, and

Udifluvents are well drained and moderately well

drained.

A very small percentage of this unit has been

cleared, mostly for home sites. Most areas of this unit

are not suitable for farming because of rock outcrops,

shallow soils, and surface stones. The hazard of

erosion on longer, steeper slopes and the seasonal

high water table on some soils of minor extent limit

agricultural production. On pasture, overgrazing and

grazing when the soils are wet damage soil tilth,

reduce productivity, increase erosion, and are

management concerns.

Potsdam and Tunbridge soils in this map unit are

well suited to trees. Sugar maple, yellow birch, and

American beech are the most common species,

followed by red maple, red spruce, and eastern

hemlock. Hemlock commonly grows on Lyman soils on

the upper backslopes. Productivity of trees is

moderate on Tunbridge and Potsdam soils and low on

Lyman soils. Erosion can be a hazard when harvesting

timber on longer, steeper slopes. Laying out skid trails

on the contour and constructing water bars to protect

trails when not in use help to control erosion.

Moderate depth to bedrock on Tunbridge soils,

shallow depth to bedrock on Lyman soils, the firm and

dense substratum on Potsdam soils, and rock

outcrops are the main limitations to use of this unit as

a site for community development.

6. Insula-Summerville-Quetico

Shallow and very shallow, well drained and somewhat

excessively drained, loamy soils formed in glacial till

over predominantly sandstone bedrock on broad,

bedrock-controlled till plains

This map unit has slight relief. It comprises broad,

low, nearly level-topped hills and ridges that consist of

a thin mantle of loamy glacial till overlying nearly levelbedded sandstone bedrock. The hills and ridges have

common rock outcrops and scattered small scarps.

Slopes of the overall landscape range from 1 to 8

percent. The vegetative cover is northern hardwoods.

This unit makes up about 2 percent of the survey

area. It is about 17 percent Insula soils, 15 percent

Summerville soils, 10 percent Quetico soils, and 58

percent soils of minor extent.

Insula soils are on broad ridgetops and gentle side

slopes. They are shallow, gently sloping, and well

drained. They have a loamy subsoil underlain by

sandstone or gneiss bedrock at a depth of 10 to 20

inches.

Summerville soils are on broad ridgetops and

gentle side slopes. They are shallow, gently sloping,

and well drained. They have a loamy subsoil underlain

by sandstone or marble bedrock at a depth of 10 to 20

inches.

Quetico soils are on broad ridgetops. They are very

shallow, nearly level and gently sloping, and somewhat

excessively drained. They have a loamy subsoil

underlain by sandstone or gneiss bedrock at a depth

of 4 to 10 inches.

Of minor extent in this map unit are Adjidaumo,

Gouverneur, Malone, Matoon, Muskellunge, Nehasne,

and Raquette soils. Adjidaumo soils are on toeslopes

and in depressions where water ponds. They are

poorly drained and very poorly drained and very deep.

Gouverneur soils are on the tops of slight hills where
30 Soil Survey

the glacial till mantle is less than 10 inches to marble

or dolomitic sandstone bedrock. They are excessively

drained and somewhat excessively drained and very

shallow. Matoon, Muskellunge, and Malone soils are

on the lower side slopes and footslopes. Matoon soils

are somewhat poorly drained and moderately deep,

and Muskellunge and Malone soils are somewhat

poorly drained and very deep. Nehasne soils are on

upper side slopes and on the convex tops of gentle

hills and ridges. They are well drained and moderately

deep. Raquette soils are on pronounced hills and

ridges, commonly adjacent to streams. They are

somewhat excessively drained and very deep. In some

places, notably along the border of Jefferson County,

are some areas of soils that are warmer than normal,

usually by less than 2 degrees.

About 90 percent of the acreage of this unit has

been cleared for corn silage, but mostly for pasture.

Many cleared areas have reverted to forest

succession. Farm structures are located mostly on

nearby or included areas of deeper soils.

Most areas of this unit are poorly suited to

cultivated crops and hay. The thin soil cover does not

have sufficient moisture-holding capacity to sustain

crops during dry summers. On pasture, overgrazing

destroys pasture seeding, causes erosion, and is a

management concern.

This unit is poorly suited to trees. Sugar maple, red

oak, white oak, basswood, hickory, and northern white

cedar are common species. Productivity for trees on

this unit is low. Shallow depth to bedrock, excessive

windthrow, and low available water capacity are the

main problems. On the included soils, in spring and fall

seasonal wetness causes severe rutting of skid trails

and access roads and limits timber harvesting.

The shallow and very shallow depth to bedrock on

Insula, Summerville, and Quetico soils and the

seasonal high water table on the included soils are the

main limitations to use of this unit as a site for

community development.

7. Insula-Rock outcrop-Adjidaumo

Rock outcrops and shallow and very deep, well

drained to very poorly drained, loamy and clayey soils

formed in glacial till and marine deposits on the tops

and sides of ridges and hills and in basins and on

floors of narrow valleys

This map unit comprises pronounced ridges and

intervening basins and draws (fig. 6). The ridges

consist of a thin mantle of loamy glacial till overlying

granitic gneiss bedrock and have common rock

outcrops and scarps. The intervening basins and

draws consist of wet, clayey marine sediments. The

pattern of bedrock-controlled ridges controls streams,

which follow an angular course. As they direct their

way toward wet marine sediments on the valley floors,

they abruptly change course to flow around and to the

discontinuous ridges. Slopes of the overall landscape

range from 0 to 35 percent. The vegetative cover is

northern hardwoods.

This unit makes up about 11 percent of the survey

area. It is about 25 percent Insula soils, 24 percent

Rock outcrop, 10 percent Adjidaumo soils, and 41

percent soils of minor extent.

Insula soils are on tops and sides of low, commonly

discontinuous ridges. They are shallow, strongly

sloping and moderately steep, and well drained. They

have a loamy subsoil underlain by granite or gneiss

bedrock at a depth of 10 to 20 inches.

Rock outcrops are on the sides and tops of ridges,

and in places protrude through the marine mantle on

valley floors. Areas of Rock outcrop are strongly

sloping and moderately steep. They consist mainly of

hard, unrippable, granite gneiss bedrock.

Adjidaumo soils are on valley floors and in basins or

draws. They are nearly level, very deep, and very

poorly drained and poorly drained. They have a

mottled, clayey subsoil and substratum. They formed

in marine deposits.

Of minor extent in this map unit are Borosaprists

and Carbondale, Heuvelton, Kalurah, Muskellunge,

and Summerville soils. Borosaprists are very poorly

drained, mucky soils on flood plains that have slack

water. Carbondale soils, in low basins, are very poorly

drained and organic. Heuvelton and Muskellunge soils

are clayey on footslopes and on the lower backslopes

that apron the ridges in the wider valleys. Heuvelton

soils are moderately well drained, and Muskellunge

soils are somewhat poorly drained. Kalurah soils, on

mid-backslopes of ridges and hills, are moderately well

drained, very deep, and loamy. Summerville soils are

on ridges where isolated bodies of marble bedrock are

close to the soil surface. They are shallow and well

drained, and have a high soil reaction in contrast to

Insula soils. In some places, notably along the border

of Jefferson County, some areas of soils are warmer

than normal, usually by less than 2 degrees.

About 60 percent of the acreage of this unit has

been cleared, mostly for pasture. Many cleared areas

have reverted to forest land. Farm structures are

located mostly on ridges. In some places structures

are sited on the included, deeper soils, but very

commonly, bedrock is exposed in the cellars of both

houses and barns.

Most areas of this unit are poorly suited to

cultivated crops and hay. The steep, broken

topography limits equipment use. Also, on Insula soils
St. Lawrence County, New York 31

the thin soil cover does not have sufficient moistureholding capacity to sustain crops during dry summers

and on Adjidaumo soils wetness delays the timely

planting and harvesting of crops. On pasture, brush

control, overgrazing, and grazing when the soils are

wet are management concerns.

This unit is generally poorly suited to trees.

Sugar maple, red oak, basswood, and hickory

are common species. Productivity of trees is low.

Shallow depth to bedrock on ridges and wetness in

valleys are the main problems. Trees grow well on

Kalurah soils on backslopes of ridges and on other

included, deeper soils in convex areas. The rough,

steep ridges and the wet valleys limit timber

harvesting.

Rock outcrops, shallow depth to bedrock, and

wetness are severe limitations to use of this unit as a

site for most urban uses.

8. Summerville-Rock outcrop-Muskellunge

Rock outcrops and shallow and very deep, well

drained and somewhat poorly drained loamy soils

formed in glacial till and marine deposits; on the tops

and sides of ridges and hills and on intervening foot

slopes that apron the ridges and hills

This map unit comprises networks of pronounced

ridges and intervening valleys. The ridges consist of a

thin mantle of loamy glacial till overlying marble

bedrock and have common rock outcrops and scarps.

The intervening basins and draws consist of clayey,

marine sediments.

The pattern of bedrock-controlled ridges influence

the streams, which follow an angular course. As

streams direct their way toward wet, marine sediments

on valley floors, they abruptly change course to flow

around and through discontinuous ridges. Slopes of

the overall landscape range from 3 to 35 percent. The

vegetative cover is northern hardwoods.

This map unit makes up about 4 percent of the

survey area. It is about 21 percent Summerville soils,

19 percent Rock outcrop, 17 percent Muskellunge

soils, and 43 percent soils of minor extent.

Summerville soils are on tops and sides of low,

commonly discontinuous ridges. They are shallow,

strongly sloping and moderately steep, and well

drained. They have a loamy subsoil underlain by

sandstone or marble bedrock.

Areas of Rock outcrop are on the sides and tops of

ridges and in places protrude through the marine

mantle on valley floors. They are strongly sloping and

moderately steep, and consist mainly of marble

bedrock that generally has a rippable, weathered rind.

Muskellunge soils are on converging footslopes in

valleys. They are nearly level and gently sloping, very

deep, and somewhat poorly drained. They have a

mottled, clayey subsoil and substratum. They formed

in marine deposits.

Of minor extent in this map unit are Borosaprists

and Adjidaumo, Carbondale, Heuvelton, Insula,

Runeberg

Runeberg

Hogansburg

Hogansburg Hogansburg

Hogansburg

Grenville

Grenville

Grenville

Malone

Malone

Swanton

Muskellunge

Adjidaumo

Muskellunge

Flackville

Stockholm 

Croghan 

Marine Clay

Glacial Till

Cambro-Ordovician Dolostone

Sand

Sand River

Marine Clay

Glacial Till

Cambro-Ordovician Dolostone Marine Clay

Glacial Till

Figure 6.—Typical landscape of soils and underlying material of the Insula-Rock outcrop-Adjidaumo association.
32 Soil Survey

Kalurah, and Nehasne soils. Borosaprists are on flood

plains that have slack water. The very poorly drained

and poorly drained Adjidaumo soils are commonly in

the center of the valleys bracketing streams or in

isolated basins. They are very poorly drained and

mucky. Carbondale soils, in low basins, are very poorly

drained and organic. Heuvelton soils are on convex,

dissected, lower backslopes and footslopes. They are

moderately well drained and clayey. Insula soils are on

ridges where isolated bodies of granite gneiss bedrock

are close to the soil surface. They are shallow and well

drained. Unlike Summerville soils, they have a low or

medium soil reaction. Kalurah soils are on midbackslopes of ridges and hills. They are moderately

well drained, very deep, and loamy. Nehasne soils are

on convex backslopes where bedrock is at a depth of

20 to 40 inches. They are loamy, well drained, and

moderately deep. In some places, notably along the

border of Jefferson County, some areas of soils are

warmer than normal, usually by less than 2 degrees.

About 65 percent of the acreage of this unit has

been cleared, mostly for pasture. However, many

cleared areas have reverted to forest land. Most farm

structures have been built on ridges. Some structures

are placed on included, deeper soils or on sites where

bedrock is exposed in the cellars of houses and barns.

Most areas of this map unit are poorly suited to

cultivated crops and hay. The steep, broken

topography limits use of equipment. Also, on

Summerville soils the thin soil cover does not have

sufficient moisture-holding capacity to sustain crops

during dry summers; on Muskellunge soils wetness

can delay planting and impede harvesting of crops.

Controlling brush, overgrazing, and grazing when the

soils are wet are management concerns.

This map unit is generally poorly suited to trees.

Sugar maple, red oak, basswood, and hickory are

common species. Productivity for trees in most areas

of this unit is low or moderate. Shallow depth to

bedrock on ridges and wetness in valleys are the main

problems. Trees grow best on the included Kalurah

soils on backslopes of ridges or on other, deeper

included soils in convex areas. Rough, steep ridges

and wetness in valleys limit timber harvesting.

Rock outcrop, shallow depth to bedrock, and

wetness are severe limitations to use of this unit as a

site for most urban uses.

Dominantly moderately deep to very deep, nearly

level to strongly sloping, moderately well drained

to very poorly drained soils; formed in marine

deposits and fluvial and lacustrine sediments

The three general soil map units in this group make

up about 13 percent of the county. The soils in these

units are mainly very deep and formed in lacustrine

and marine deposits.

9. Muskellunge-Matoon-Adjidaumo

Very deep and moderately deep, somewhat poorly

drained and very poorly drained, loamy and clayey

soils formed in marine deposits over predominantly

sandstone bedrock; on marine plains

This map unit has a flat landscape. In places it is

slightly rolling, but overall it is nearly level. The

topography is influenced by the underlying, flatbedded sandstone and dolomitic sandstone bedrock.

Perennial streams are scarce, and drainage is slow. A

few perennial streams with low, bedrock-controlled

gradients meander sluggishly to watercourses that in

some places plunge over scarps. The vegetative cover

is northern hardwoods. Slope of the overall landscape

ranges from 0 to 8 percent.

This unit makes up about 2 percent of the survey

area. It is about 30 percent Muskellunge soils, 30

percent Matoon soils, 10 percent Adjidaumo soils, and

30 percent soils of minor extent.

Muskellunge soils are on slight hills where the

bedrock is more than 60 inches deep. They are nearly

level and gently sloping, somewhat poorly drained,

and very deep. They have a mottled, clayey subsoil

and substratum.

Matoon soils are on topography similar to that of

Muskellunge soils, but where bedrock is between

depths of 40 and 60 inches. They are nearly level and

gently sloping, somewhat poorly drained, and

moderately deep. They have a mottled, clayey subsoil

and substratum underlain by sandstone, marble, or

gneiss bedrock.

Adjidaumo soils, in depressions, are nearly level,

poorly drained and very poorly drained, and very deep.

They have a mottled, clayey subsoil and substratum.

Of minor extent in this map unit are Guff, Hannawa,

Insula, and Ogdensburg soils. Guff soils are in swales

and depressions where bedrock is at a depth of 20 to

40 inches. They are poorly drained and very poorly

drained, clayey, and moderately deep. Hannawa soils

are on upland benches or shallow troughs where

bedrock is at a depth of 10 to 20 inches. They are

poorly drained, loamy, and shallow. Insula soils are on

bedrock-controlled ridges and are well drained, loamy,

and shallow. Ogdensburg soils are in topographic

positions similar to those of Hannawa soils. They are

somewhat poorly drained, loamy, and moderately

deep. In some places, notably along the border of

Jefferson County, some areas of soils are warmer

than normal, usually by less than 2 degrees.

About 85 percent of the acreage of this unit has

been cleared, mostly for hayland or pasture. Many
St. Lawrence County, New York 33

areas are used for corn silage. Some cleared areas

have reverted to forest succession. Farm structures

are commonly located in slightly elevated areas of

Muskellunge soils.

Some areas of this unit are poorly suited to

cultivated crops or hay because of wetness,

particularly on poorly drained and very poorly drained

Adjidaumo soils. In some areas, where shallow depth

to bedrock does not interfere, artificial drainage helps

to reduce wetness. On pasture, grazing when these

soils are wet causes surface compaction, damages

tilth, and is the main management concern.

Overgrazing on these soils damages pasture seeding,

causes an erosion hazard, and is also a management

concern.

This unit is fairly suited to trees. Red maple, white

oak, basswood, and hickory are common species.

Productivity of trees is mainly low or moderate.

Wetness limits logging operations and is the main

problem in forest management. Severe rutting from

logging on this soil will cause an erosion hazard and

will damage future productivity.

Wetness, slow permeability, potential for frost

action, and depth to bedrock are the main problems of

this unit if used as a site for community development.

10. Nicholville-Roundabout

Very deep, moderately well drained to poorly drained,

loamy soils formed in fluvial or lacustrine sediments on

terraces and lakebeds

This map unit is in relatively wide, sometimes

merging, upland valleys separated by narrow,

bedrock-controlled ridges where glacial till thinly

mantles summits and side slopes. Valleys dominate

these landscapes, where Nicholville soils on terraces

surmount Roundabout soils on valley floors. On

terraces, past stream action or natural erosion has

dissected the topography and slopes are short and

complex. Valley floors have simple slopes in places

inclining towards streams. Slope of the overall

landscape ranges from 0 to 15 percent. The vegetative

cover is northern hardwoods.

This map unit makes up about 1 percent of the

survey area. It is about 35 percent Nicholville soils, 20

percent Roundabout soils, and 45 percent soils of

minor extent.

Nicholville soils are gently sloping to strongly

sloping, moderately well drained, and very deep. They

are on commonly dissected terraces. They have a

loamy subsoil and a loamy, mottled substratum. They

formed in fluvial sediments.

Roundabout soils are on toe slopes on valley floors

and commonly bracket streams. They are nearly level

and gently sloping, poorly drained and somewhat

poorly drained, very deep, and loamy. They have a

mottled, loamy subsoil and substratum. They formed in

lacustrine sediments.

Of minor extent in this map unit are Adams, Colton,

Depeyster, and Hailesboro soils, rock outcrops, and

Salmon, Summerville and Naumburg soils. Adams and

Colton soils are on small hills and elevated terraces.

They are somewhat excessively drained and

excessively drained, sandy and gravelly soils.

Depeyster and Hailesboro soils are in topographic

positions similar to those of Nicholville and

Roundabout soils. They are moderately well drained

and somewhat poorly drained, fine textured, and

loamy. Rock outcrops and the well drained, shallow

Summerville soils are on small, isolated ridges that

punctuate the valley bottoms and protrude to terraces.

Salmon soils are well drained, loamy, and on convex,

dissected terraces. Naumburg soils are somewhat

poorly drained and poorly drained, sandy, and in

topographic positions similar to those of Roundabout

soils.

About 85 percent of the acreage of this unit has

been cleared, mostly for hayland or pasture. A few

areas are used for corn silage. Some cleared areas

have reverted to forest succession.

Areas of this map unit are fairly suited to cultivated

crops or hay. Wetness is the main limitation to use of

Roundabout soils for most agricultural purposes. On

Nicholville soils wetness is less of a problem, but

erosion is a severe hazard in the steeper areas. On

pasture, grazing when the soils are wet compacts the

soil, damages tilth, and is a management concern.

Overgrazing destroys pasture seeding, increases the

erosion hazard, and is also a management concern.

This unit is suitable for trees. Sugar maple, red

maple, yellow birch, basswood, and hickory are

common species. Productivity for trees on this unit is

mainly moderate or high. Wetness limits logging

operations in spring and fall and is the main problem in

forest management. If logging causes severe rutting,

tree productivity declines and the erosion hazard

increases.

Wetness and potential for frost action are the main

problems of this unit if used as a site for community

development.

11. Muskellunge-Adjidaumo-Swanton

Very deep, somewhat poorly drained to very poorly

drained, loamy and clayey soils formed in marine

deposits on narrow to broad plains

This map unit consists of broad, nearly level to

moderate sloping plains separated by low hills

commonly oriented in a northerly or northeasterly
34 Soil Survey

direction. Natural drainage in this unit is generally well

established. Streams flow to these areas at regular

intervals. Natural vegetation is northern hardwoods.

Slopes of the overall topography range from 0 to 15

percent.

This unit makes up about 10 percent of the survey

area. It is about 31 percent Muskellunge soils, 15

percent Adjidaumo soils, 13 percent Swanton soils,

and 41 percent other soils.

Muskellunge soils are in broad, slightly concave

basins or on gentle terraces skirting higher

topography. They are nearly level, somewhat poorly

drained, and very deep. They have a mottled clay

subsoil and substratum.

Adjidaumo soils are in depressions. They are very

deep, nearly level, and poorly drained and very poorly

drained. They have a mottled clay subsoil and

substratum.

Swanton soils are in slight depressions. They are

very deep, nearly level, and somewhat poorly drained

and poorly drained. They have a mottled, loamy

subsoil and a mottled, clayey substratum.

Of minor extent in this unit are Elmwood, Heuvelton,

Hogansburg, Kalurah, and Pyrities soils. Elmwood

soils are slightly above Swanton and Muskellunge

soils on the landscape or are on natural levees,

parallel to streams. They are moderately well drained.

They have a loamy subsoil and a clayey substratum.

Heuvelton soils are clayey and moderately well

drained on high parts of the landscape, commonly on

small hills. Hogansburg, Kalurah, and Pyrities soils

are loamy and moderately well drained and well

drained on small hills. In some places, notably along

the border of Jefferson County, some areas of soils

are warmer than normal, usually by less than 2

degrees.

About 90 percent of the acreage of this unit has

been cleared, mostly for hayland or pasture. Many

areas are used for corn silage. Some areas have

reverted to forest succession. Farm structures are

commonly placed on included areas of glacial till.

This unit, particularly areas of Adjidaumo soils, is

poorly suited to cultivated crops or hay because in

some years wetness delays planting and interferes

with harvesting. In some areas erosion is a hazard,

particularly on some soils of minor extent. Erosion can

deplete soil fertility, diminish water holding capacity,

and pollute surface water. On pasture, grazing when

the soils are wet causes surface compaction,

damages tilth, and is a management concern.

Overgrazing depletes pasture seeding, increases the

erosion hazard, and is also a management concern.

This unit is fairly suited to trees. Red maple, white

oak, basswood, and hickory are common species.

Productivity for trees is low or moderate. Wetness

limits logging operations, and is the main problem in

forest management. Severe rutting from logging

creates an erosion hazard and damages future

productivity.

Wetness, slow permeability, shrink-swell potential,

and potential for frost action are the main problems of

this unit if used as a site for community

development.

Dominantly very deep, nearly level to moderately

steep, excessively drained to moderately well

drained soils; formed in glaciofluvial and deltaic

deposits

The two general soil map units in this group make

up about 10 percent of the county. The soils in these

units are dominantly very deep and formed in beach

and deltiac deposits.

12. Adams-Croghan

Very deep, excessively drained to moderately well

drained, sandy soils formed in deltaic deposits on

sand plains

This map unit comprises broad deltas, which are

formations of the Oswegatchie, Grasse, Raquette, and

St. Regis Rivers. Slopes of the overall topography

range from 0 to 35 percent. The vegetative cover is

northern hardwoods, white pine, and red spruce.

This unit makes up about 5 percent of the survey

area. It is about 65 percent Adams soils, 12 percent

Croghan soils, and 23 percent soils of minor extent.

Adams soils are in relatively flat areas, but mainly

on hills and ridges. They are gently sloping to

moderately steep, somewhat excessively drained and

excessively drained, and very deep. They have a

sandy subsoil and substratum.

Croghan soils are on sides and tops of broad knolls

and gentle ridges. They have a sandy subsoil and a

sandy, mottled substratum. They are nearly level and

gently sloping, moderately well drained, and very

deep.

Of minor extent in this map unit are Borosaprists,

Dune land, and Insula and Pyrities soils. Borosaprists

are very poorly drained, mucky soils on slack water

flood plains of streams. Dune land is in unstabilized

sandy areas that wind blows and shifts. Insula soils

are well drained, loamy, and shallow on abrupt hills

and ridges. Pyrites soils are in places adjacent to

included Insula soils, but generally are on less abrupt,

more smoothly sloping hills and ridges than Insula

soils. They are well drained, very deep, and loamy.

About 85 percent of the acreage of this unit has
St. Lawrence County, New York 35

been cleared. Most other areas are in or are reverting

to woodland.

This unit is poorly suited to cultivated crops or hay

because of low moisture holding capacity and

droughtiness. On pasture, overgrazing damages

pasture seeding, increases the hazard of wind

erosion, and is a management concern.

This unit is suitable for trees. Sugar maple, red

maple, yellow birch, basswood, and hickory are

common species. Productivity of trees is

moderate.

Wetness on Croghan soils, excessive permeability,

and cutbanks of the overall landscape caving in are

problems if this unit is used as a site for community

development. For personal safety, before deep, narrow

excavations are entered cutbanks need to be shored

up and buttressed to prevent cave-ins.

13. Adams-Colton-Duxbury

Very deep, excessively drained to well drained, sandy

and loamy soils formed in deltaic and glaciofluvial

deposits on the floors and sides of valleys in the

Adirondack Mountains and foothills

This map unit consists of stream valleys in the

southern part of the county. It comprises hills and

ridges punctuated by nearly flat areas of eskers,

kames, deltas, and crevasse fillings. Slopes of the

overall topography range from 0 to 35 percent. The

vegetative cover is northern hardwoods, white pine,

and red spruce.

This unit makes up about 5 percent of the survey

area. It is about 30 percent Adams soils, 30 percent

Colton soils, 20 percent Duxbury soils, and 20 percent

soils of minor extent.

Adams soils are on knolls and hills, but also in

relatively flat areas. They are gently sloping to

moderately steep, somewhat excessively drained and

excessively drained, and very deep. They have a

sandy subsoil and substratum.

Colton soils are on the sides and tops of ridges and

on gentle to abrupt hills. They are sandy and gravelly

in both the subsoil and the substratum. They are

gently sloping to moderately steep, excessively

drained, and very deep.

Duxbury soils are on the sides and tops of ridges

and hills. They are loamy and gravelly in the subsoil

and sandy and gravelly in the substratum. They are

gently sloping to moderately steep, well drained, and

very deep.

Of minor extent in this unit are Loxley, Lyman,

Lyme, Naumburg, Searsport, and Tunbridge soils.

Loxley soils, in basins, are very poorly drained and

mucky. Lyman and Tunbridge soils, on prominent

ridges and hills, are both loamy. Lyman soils are

shallow and somewhat excessively drained. Tunbridge

soils are moderately deep and well drained. Naumburg

and Searsport soils are in depressions and on

concave plains and valley floors that intervene

between hills and ridges. They are somewhat poorly

drained to very poorly drained. Lyme soils, in

depressions, are poorly drained.

About 45 percent of the acreage of this unit has

been cleared. Most areas are in or are reverting to

woodland.

This unit is poorly suited to cultivated crops or hay.

The main limitations are low moisture holding capacity,

droughtiness, and in some areas, excessive slope. On

pasture, overgrazing damages pasture seeding,

increases the hazard of wind erosion, and is a

management concern.

This unit is fairly suited to trees. Sugar maple,

yellow birch, and American beech are common

species. Productivity of trees is mostly low or

moderate. The severe seedling mortality rate because

of low available water capacity is the main problem in

forest management.

Poor filtration of septic tank effluent and cutbanks

caving in are limitations to use of this unit as a site for

urban development. For personal safety, before deep,

narrow excavations are entered cutbanks need to be

shored up and buttressed to prevent cave-ins.

Dominantly very deep, nearly level and gently

sloping, excessively drained to very poorly

drained soils; formed in beach and deltaic

deposits

The two map units in this group make up about 7

percent of the county. The soils in these units are

somewhat poorly drained to very poorly drained and

formed in beach and deltaic deposits.

14. Naumburg-Croghan-Deford

Very deep, very poorly drained to moderately well

drained, sandy soils formed in deltaic or beach

deposits on broad sand plains

This map unit comprises sand plains and beaches.

In many areas wind has redistributed the soils. The

landscape comprises slight hills, depressions, and

ridges. Slopes of the overall topography range from 0

to 8 percent. The vegetative cover is red maple, elm,

ash, and, in some places, white pine.

This map unit makes up about 6 percent of the

survey area. It is about 34 percent Naumburg soils, 21

percent Croghan soils, 10 percent Deford soils, and 35

percent soils of minor extent.

Naumburg soils are in slightly depressional basins

or on plains. They are nearly level, somewhat poorly

drained and poorly drained, and very deep. They have
36 Soil Survey

a sandy, mottled subsoil and substratum. They are

relatively acid throughout.

Croghan soils are on sides and tops of slight ridges

and gentle hills. They have a sandy subsoil and a

mottled, sandy substratum. They are nearly level and

gently sloping, moderately well drained, and very

deep.

Deford soils are in landscape positions similar to

those of Naumburg soils. They are sandy and mottled

in both the subsoil and substratum and have relatively

high reactions throughout. They are nearly level and

gently sloping, poorly drained and very poorly drained,

and very deep.

Of minor extent in this unit are Adams, Carbondale,

Dorval, Flackville, Malone, Runeberg, Searsport,

Stockholm, and Tughill soils. Adams soils, on

prominent hills and ridges, are somewhat excessively

drained and excessively drained. Carbondale and

Dorval soils, in basins, are very poorly drained and

mucky. Flackville soils, in positions on the landscape

similar to those of Croghan soils, are moderately well

drained. They have a sandy subsoil and a clayey

substratum. Malone and Runeberg soils are somewhat

poorly drained and very poorly drained and loamy in

depressions. Stockholm soils are on slightly concave

plains or in depressions. They are poorly drained and

have a sandy subsoil and a clayey substratum.

About 50 percent of the acreage of this unit has

been cleared. Most areas are woodland or are

reverting to woodland.

Areas of this unit are poorly suited to cultivated

crops or hay. The main limitations are wetness and low

moisture holding capacity. On pasture, management

concerns are overgrazing, which destroys pasture

seedlings, and grazing when the soils are wet, which

causes surface compaction and damages soil tilth.

This unit is fairly suited to trees. Productivity is low

or moderate. Wetness causes a severe seedling

mortality rate, shallow rootedness, and a severe

windthrow hazard. It is the main problem in forest

management.

Wetness, poor filtration of septic tank effluent, and

cutbanks caving in are limitations to use of this unit as

a site for urban development. For personal safety,

before deep, narrow excavations are entered cutbanks

need to be shored up and buttressed to prevent caveins.

15. Coveytown-Trout River-Cook

Very deep, excessively drained to very poorly drained,

sandy soils and sandy and gravelly soils formed in

beach deposits on broad till plains

This map unit is on beaches, where, during the

glacial period, wave action on lakes separated fine

textured material from broad areas of glacial till with

little relief. The unit comprises slight ridges with broad

basins in between. Slopes of the overall topography

range from 0 to 8 percent. The vegetative cover is

sugar maple, red maple, elm, ash, and northern white

cedar.

This unit makes up about 1 percent of the survey

area. It is about 40 percent Coveytown soils, 20

percent Trout River soils, 15 percent Cook soils, and

25 percent soils of minor extent.

Coveytown soils are on gentle toe slopes or in

broad basins. They are nearly level, somewhat poorly

drained, and very deep. They have a sandy, mottled

subsoil and a loamy, mottled substratum.

Trout River soils are on low to pronounced ridges.

They are nearly level and gently sloping, excessively

drained, and very deep. They have a sandy and

gravelly subsoil and substratum.

Cook soils are on toe slopes generally on the

lowest parts of the landscape. They are nearly level,

very poorly drained and poorly drained, and very deep.

They have a sandy, mottled subsoil and a loamy,

mottled substratum.

Of minor extent in this map unit are Fahey, Kalurah,

Pyrities, Redwater, and Sunapee soils. Fahey soils are

on tops and side slopes of gentle ridges. They are

moderately well drained, and sandy and gravelly.

Kalurah, Sunapee, and Pyrities soils are on hills of

glacial till that in places protrude through thin beach

sediments. They are moderately well drained and well

drained, and loamy. Redwater soils are somewhat

poorly drained and loamy on flood plains.

About 80 percent of the acreage of this unit has

been cleared. Many areas of this map unit are used as

meadowland. Some areas are, or are reverting to,

woodland. A few areas are tilled.

This unit is poorly suited to cultivated crops and

hay. The main limitations are wetness and low

moisture holding capacity. On pasture, overgrazing,

which destroys pasture seedlings, and grazing when

the soils are wet, which causes soil compaction and

damages soil tilth, are management concerns.

This unit is fairly suited to trees. Productivity is low

or moderate. Wetness on Coveytown and Cook soils,

which causes a severe seedling mortality rate, shallow

rootedness, and a severe windthrow hazard, and

droughtiness on Trout River soils, which causes a

severe seedling mortality rate, are serious problems in

forest management.

Wetness, poor filtration of septic tank effluent, and

low permeability in the substratum on Coveytown and

Cook soils and cutbanks caving in are limitations to

use of this unit as a site for urban development. For
St. Lawrence County, New York 37

personal safety, before deep, narrow excavations are

entered cutbanks need to be shored up and

buttressed to prevent cave-ins.

Dominantly very deep, nearly level to moderately

steep, excessively drained to very poorly drained

soils; formed in organic materials and glaciofluvial

sediments

The two map units in this group make up about 7

percent of the county. They consist mainly of organic

soils, but include some adjacent mineral soils in the

stream valley.

16. Dawson-Colton-Loxley

Very deep, very poorly drained and excessively

drained, mucky and sandy soils formed in organic

materials or glaciofluvial sediments in stream valleys

in the Adirondack Mountains and foothills

This map unit is on floors and footslopes of valleys

in the southern part of the county. It comprises hills,

broad, intervening basins, and ridges. Slopes of the

overall topography range from 0 to 35 percent. The

vegetative cover is black spruce, balsam fir, red

spruce, white pine, and hemlock.

This map unit makes up about 4 percent of the

survey area. It is about 30 percent Dawson soils, 20

percent Colton soils, 15 percent Loxley soils, and 35

percent soils of minor extent.

Dawson soils are in basins. They are nearly level,

very poorly drained, and very deep. They are mucky in

the subsoil and sandy or loamy in the substratum.

Colton soils are on sides and tops of ridges and

hills. They are gently sloping to moderately steep,

excessively drained, and very deep. They are sandy

and gravelly in both the subsoil and the substratum.

Loxley soils are nearly level, very poorly drained,

and very deep in basins.

They have a mucky subsoil and substratum.

Of minor extent in this unit are Adams soils,

Borosaprists, and Croghan, Duxbury, Lyme,

Naumburg, and Tughill soils. Adams and Croghan soils

are excessively drained to moderately well drained on

terraces and prominent footslopes. Borosaprists are

very poorly drained and loamy and gravelly on

landforms similar to those of Colton soils. Lyme and

Tughill soils are poorly drained and very poorly drained

and loamy on toe slopes and footslopes. Naumburg

soils are somewhat poorly drained and poorly drained

on toeslopes.

About 5 percent of the acreage of this unit has been

cleared. Most areas are woodland.

This unit is poorly suited to cultivated crops and hay

because the soils are wet or are in low-lying woodland.

This unit is poorly suited to cultivated crops or hay

because of wetness or low moisture holding capacity.

On pasture, overgrazing, which destroys pasture

seedlings, and grazing when the soils are wet, which

causes surface compaction and damages soil tilth, are

management concerns.

This unit is poorly suited to trees. Productivity for

trees is low. Wetness causes a severe seedling

mortality rate, shallow rootedness, and a severe

windthrow hazard, and is the main problem in forest

management. On Colton soils droughtiness is a

problem.

Wetness, poor filtration of septic tank effluent, and

cutbanks caving in are limitations to use of this unit as

a site for urban development. For personal safety,

before deep, narrow excavations are entered cutbanks

need to be shored up and buttressed to prevent caveins.

17. Carbondale-Dorval

Very deep, very poorly drained, mucky soils formed in

organic materials in basins

This map unit consists of broad basins of

accumulated organic matter that gradually filled in

glacial-period lakes. It comprises nearly level areas

and common, relatively small hills and ridges. Slopes

of the overall topography range from 0 to 3 percent.

The vegetative cover is red maple, elm, aspen, and

northern white cedar.

This unit makes up about 3 percent of the survey

area. It is about 45 percent Carbondale soils, 20

percent Dorval soils, and 35 percent soils of minor

extent.

Carbondale soils are nearly level, very poorly

drained, and very deep in basins. They have a mucky

subsoil and substratum.

Dorval soils are in landscape positions similar to

those of Carbondale soils. They are nearly level, very

poorly drained, and very deep. They are mucky in the

subsoil and clayey in the substratum.

Of minor extent in this map unit are Adjidaumo

soils, Borosaprists, and Heuvelton, Hogansburg,

Insula, and Muskellunge soils. Adjidaumo soils, on

slightly elevated toeslopes, are poorly drained and

very poorly drained. Borosaprists are very poorly

drained and mucky on flood plains. Heuvelton and

Muskellunge soils are moderately well drained and

somewhat poorly drained and clayey on footslopes,

knolls, and hummocks. Hogansburg soils are

moderately well drained and loamy on side slopes of

small hills on bedrock-controlled ridges. Insula soils

are shallow, well drained, and loamy on bedrockcontrolled ridges.
38

About 40 percent of the acreage of this map unit

has been cleared. Most areas are woodland or are

reverting to woodland.

This unit is poorly suited to cultivated crops and hay

because of wetness. On pasture, overgrazing, which

destroys pasture seedlings, and grazing when the

soils are wet, which causes surface compaction and

damages soil tilth, are management concerns.

This unit is poorly suited to trees. Productivity for

trees is low. Wetness causes a severe seedling

mortality rate, shallow rootedness, and a severe

windthrow hazard, and is the main problem in forest

management.

Extreme wetness is the main limitation to use of this

unit as a site for urban development.
39

The map units on the detailed soil maps at the

back of this survey represent the soils in the survey

area. The map unit descriptions in this section, along

with the soil maps, can be used to determine the

suitability and potential of a soil for specific uses.

They also can be used to plan the management

needed for those uses. More information on each map

unit or soil is given under “Use and Management of

the Soils.”

Each map unit on the detailed soil maps represents

an area on the landscape and consists of one or more

soils for which the unit is named.

A symbol identifying the soil precedes the map unit

name in the soil descriptions. Each description

includes general facts about the soil and gives the

principal hazards and limitations to be considered in

planning for specific uses.

Soils that have profiles that are almost alike

make up a soil series. Except for differences in

texture of the surface layer or of the underlying

material, all the soils of a series have major horizons

that are similar in composition, thickness, and

arrangement.

Soils of one series can differ in texture of the

surface layer or of the underlying material. They also

can differ in slope, stoniness, salinity, wetness, degree

of erosion, and other characteristics that affect their

use. On the basis of such differences, a soil series is

divided into soil phases. Most of the areas shown on

the detailed soil maps are phases of soil series. The

name of a soil phase commonly indicates a feature

that affects use or management. For example, Malone

loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes, is one of several phases

in the Malone series.

Some map units are made up of two or more major

soils. These map units are called soil complexes and

undifferentiated groups.

A soil complex consists of two or more soils, or one

or more soils and a miscellaneous area, in such an

intricate pattern or in such small areas that they

cannot be shown separately on the soil maps. The

pattern and proportion of the soils are somewhat

similar in all areas. Muskellunge-Adjidaumo complex,

undulating, is an example.

An undifferentiated group is made up of two or

more soils that could be mapped individually but are

mapped as one unit because similar interpretations

can be made for use and management. The pattern

and proportion of the soils in the mapped areas are

not uniform. An area can be made up of all of them.

Hogansburg and Grenville soils, 0 to 8 percent slopes,

very stony, is an undifferentiated group in this survey

area.

Most map units include small, scattered areas of

soils other than those for which the map unit is named.

Some of these included soils have properties that

differ substantially from those of the major soil or soils.

Such differences could significantly affect use and

management of the soils in the map unit. The included

soils are identified in each map unit description. Some

small areas of strongly contrasting soils are identified

by a special symbol on the soil maps.

This survey includes miscellaneous areas. Such

areas have little or no soil material and support little or

no vegetation. Rock outcrop is an example.

Table 4 gives the acreage and proportionate extent

of each map unit. Other tables give properties of the

soils and the limitations, capabilities, and potentials for

many uses. The Glossary defines many of the terms

used in describing the soils.

Scales of Mapping

Two map legends were used in mapping detailed

soil maps at the back of this publication. North of the

Adirondack Park, a legend with a scale of 1:24,000

was used in mapping areas of soils as small as 6

acres. Areas of contrasting soils less than 6 acres are

included in map units identified with alphabetic

symbols.

Within the Adirondack Park, a legend at 1:62,500

was used in mapping soils in delineations as small as

40 acres. These map units are identified with

alphanumeric symbols.

Where soils were mapped at the two separate

scales, an “acceptable quality join” was completed

across the match line. All soil polygons join line

for line. Similar map units extend, within

the constraints of each legend, across

the match line.

Detailed Soil Map Units
40 Soil Survey

Join Statement

The soil maps in St. Lawrence County match up

adjoining counties as follows:

Akwesasne Territory: St. Regis Mohawk

Reservation

Akwesasne Territory: St. Regis Mohawk

Reservation is geographically located within the

boundaries of St. Lawrence County. However, the

reservation was mapped as a separate survey. All soil

lines and map units are exact joins.

Jefferson County, New York

The same or similar soils match across the survey

boundaries. In some areas, frigid soils in St. Lawrence

County join similar soils having mesic temperatures in

Jefferson County. This difference resulted from the

slightly warmer temperatures in Jefferson County. The

general and detailed soil map unit descriptions in St.

Lawrence County both include soils having warmer

temperatures near Jefferson County.

Lewis County, New York

Lewis County, an initial soil survey, is currently

being mapped at 1:24,000. It will be joined line for line

with exact or similar soils in creating an “acceptable

quality join” to St. Lawrence County.

Herkimer County, New York

Herkimer County (northern part) does not have a

modern published soil survey.

Hamilton County, New York

The soil survey of Hamilton County is in progress.

The same soils match across survey boundaries in all

cases.

Franklin County, New York

The Soil Survey of Franklin County is out of print.

However, similar soils in St. Lawrence County join with

the Franklin County survey area.

Soil Descriptions

021—Dawson-Fluvaquents-Loxley

complex, frequently flooded

This map unit consists of very deep, nearly level

soils on flood plains. Slopes are simple and range from

0 to 2 percent. Areas are 100 to 300 acres, but the

range is 60 to 600 acres. Most areas are long and

narrow and closely follow the flood plain of a

perennial stream. Some areas have beaver dams. The

unit is about 45 percent very poorly drained Dawson

soil, 25 percent poorly drained Fluvaquents, 20

percent very poorly drained Loxley soil, and 10

percent other soils. The Dawson soil, Fluvaquents, and

the Loxley soil are intermingled so closely that they

could not be separated at the scale selected for

mapping.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Dawson soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 5 inches, yellowish brown peat

Subsurface layer:

5 to 30 inches, black muck

Substratum:

30 to 72 inches, gray loamy sand

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of Fluvaquents—

Surface layer:

0 to 10 inches, black or dark gray sand to silty clay

loam

Substratum:

10 to 72 inches, mottled, stratified, gray to brown, sand

to silty clay loam

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Loxley soil —

Surface layer:

0 to 3 inches, very dark grayish brown hemic material

(mucky peat)

Subsurface layer:

3 to 72 inches, black sapric material (muck)

Included with this unit in mapping are small areas of

moderately well drained Croghan and Nicholville soils

on low-lying streamside terraces. Also included are

small areas of well drained Berkshire soils on small

knolls and hills, steeper sloping areas of excessively

drained sandy Adams soils and gravelly Colton soils,

and some small areas of shallow soils or exposed

bedrock. Included areas range to 40 acres and make

up about 20 percent of this unit.

Important properties of the Dawson soil—

Permeability: Moderate or moderately rapid in the

surface layer, moderately slow to moderately rapid

in the underlying organic material, and rapid in the

sandy substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): High

Soil reaction: Extremely acid in the organic material
St. Lawrence County, New York 41

and very strongly acid to slightly acid in the

substratum

Erosion hazard: Slight

Depth to water table: From 1 foot above the surface to

1 foot below from September to June

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: Frequent

Important properties of Fluvaquents—

Permeability: Slow to rapid throughout

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Low to high

Soil reaction: Very strongly acid to neutral in the

surface layer and very strongly acid to moderately

alkaline in the substratum

Erosion hazard: Severe hazard of streambank

erosion

Depth to water table: From ponded on the surface to a

depth of 1.5 feet below the surface from October

to June

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: Frequent

Important properties of the Loxley soil—

Permeability: Moderate or moderately rapid in the

surface layer and moderately slow to moderately

rapid below

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): High

Soil reaction: Extremely acid

Erosion hazard: Slight

Depth to water table: From 1 foot above the surface to

1 foot below from November to May

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: Frequent

Most areas of this soil are brushland.

This soil is unsuitable for crops and pasture

because of wetness and frequent flooding.

Potential productivity for trees on these soils is low

or moderate. The high water table and frequent

flooding are severe problems in forest management.

Regeneration is difficult because wetness causes

excessive seedling mortality. Planting during optimum

moisture conditions helps to prevent excessive

seedling mortality. The windthrow hazard is severe

because the water table limits root development.

Minimizing thinning and planting shallow-rooted

species help to reduce windthrow. The soil is soft and

unstable when wet and will not support heavy planting

or logging equipment. Logging in winter when the

ground is frozen reduces the problems from heavy

equipment use.

This soil is poorly suited to use as a site for building

development. It is soft and unstable when wet and is

subject to considerable subsidence when the water

table is lowered. Flooding and the seasonal high water

table are severe limitations. An alternative is to use

nearby or included soils, such as Berkshire soils, that

are better suited to building site development.

The capability subclass is 5w for the Dawson soil,

Fluvaquents, and the Loxley soil. The forestland

ordination symbol is 2W for the Dawson and Loxley

soils. Fluvaquents are not classified.

023—Loxley-Dawson complex

This map unit consists of very deep, nearly level

soils in low-lying basins. Slopes are simple and range

from 0 to 2 percent. Areas are 100 to 300 acres, but

the range is 60 to 600 acres. Most areas are broad.

The unit is about 45 percent very poorly drained

Loxley soil, 35 percent very poorly drained Dawson

soil, and 20 percent other soils. The Loxley and

Dawson soils are intermingled so closely that they

could not be separated at the scale selected for

mapping.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Loxley soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 3 inches, very dark grayish brown hemic material

(muck peat)

Subsurface layer:

3 to 72 inches, black sapric material (muck)

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Dawson soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 5 inches, yellowish brown peat

Subsurface layer:

5 to 30 inches, black muck

Substratum:

30 to 72 inches, gray loamy sand

Included with these soils in mapping are small

areas of moderately well drained Croghan and

Nicholville soils on low-lying hummocks. Also included

are small areas of shallow Lyman soils on exposed

bedrock; steeper sloping areas of excessively drained,

sandy Adams soils and gravelly Colton soils; and

areas of very bouldery, poorly drained Lyme soils and
42 Soil Survey

somewhat poorly drained Adirondack soils in some

slightly higher places near footslopes of surrounding

landscapes. Also included are small areas of well

drained Berkshire soils on small knolls and hills.

Included areas range to 40 acres and make up about

20 percent of this unit.

Important properties of the Loxley soil—

Permeability: Moderate or moderately rapid in the

surface layer and moderately slow to moderately

rapid below

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): High

Soil reaction: Extremely acid

Erosion hazard: Slight

Depth to water table: From 1 foot above the surface to

1 foot below from November to May

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Important properties of the Dawson soil—

Permeabilty: Moderate or moderately rapid in the

surface layer, moderately slow to moderately rapid

in the underlying organic material, and rapid in the

sandy substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): High

Soil reaction: Extremely acid in the organic material

and very strongly acid to slightly acid in the

substratum

Erosion hazard: Slight

Depth to water table: From 1 foot above the surface to

1 foot below from September to June

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Most areas of this soil are brushland.

This soil is unsuitable for crops and pasture

because wetness is difficult to overcome.

Potential productivity for black spruce on this soil is

low or moderate. The high water table and ponding on

these soils are severe problems in forest

management. Regeneration is difficult because

wetness causes excessive seedling mortality. Planting

during optimum moisture conditions helps to prevent

excessive seedling mortality. The windthrow hazard is

severe because the water table limits root

development. Minimizing thinning and planting

shallow-rooted species help to reduce windthrow. The

soil is soft and unstable when wet, and will not support

heavy planting or logging equipment. Logging in winter

when the ground is frozen reduces the problems from

heavy equipment use.

These soils are poorly suited to use as a site for

building site development. The soils are soft and

unstable when wet, and are subject to considerable

subsidence when the water table is lowered. Ponding

and the seasonal high water table are also severe

limitations to building site development. An alternative

is to use nearby or included soils, such as Berkshire

soils, that are better suited to building site

development.

The capability subclass is 5w for the Loxley and

Dawson soils. The forestland ordination symbol is 2W

for the Loxley and Dawson soils.

363A—Adams sand, 0 to 3 percent slopes

This is a very deep, nearly level, excessively

drained soil on sand plains and on tops of broad

deltas. Most areas are irregular in shape. Areas

are 60 to 100 acres, but the range is 40 to 200

acres.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Adams soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 7 inches, dark brown sand

Subsurface layer:

7 to 8 inches, pinkish gray sand

Subsoil:

8 to 13 inches, dark brown and yellowish red loamy

sand

13 to 20 inches, strong brown sand

Substratum:

20 to 72 inches, light yellowish brown sand

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

somewhat poorly drained and poorly drained

Naumburg soils and very poorly drained Searsport

soils in low areas and along drainageways. Also

included are areas of loamy Berkshire and Potsdam

soils on small hills and knolls, some small areas of

Dune land, and some small areas of Adams soils

where the surface layer and the subsoil have been

eroded. Included areas range to 40 acres and make

up about 20 percent of the unit.

Important properties of the Adams soil—

Permeabilty: Rapid in the surface layer and the subsoil

and very rapid in the substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Very low

Soil reaction: Very strongly acid to moderately acid in
St. Lawrence County, New York 43

the surface layer and the subsoil and very strongly

acid to slightly acid in the substratum

Erosion hazard: Low

Depth to water table: Below a depth of 6 feet

throughout the year

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: Low

Shrink swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Most areas of this soil are forested. Some cleared

areas are reverting to brush or woodland or are

barren.

This soil is poorly suited to cultivated crops

because of low fertility and low water holding

capacity. It is also subject to wind erosion. Planting

long-term sod crops and establishing and maintaining

windbreaks help to control wind erosion. Applying

manure and adding lime and fertilizer according to

soil tests help to improve fertility. Irrigating to

overcome droughtiness generally is cost effective

only for certain high value crops, such as

strawberries. Applying manure also helps to

improve water holding capacity and to reduce

droughtiness.

This soil is poorly suited to hay and pasture

because it is droughty and infertile. Adding fertilizer,

lime, and organic matter to improve fertility helps to

sustain beneficial plants. Adding crop residue and

other organic matter to the soil helps to increase

available water capacity. Proper stocking rates and

pasture rotation help to protect desirable plant species

especially vulnerable to overgrazing during dry

periods.

Potential productivity for sugar maple on this soil is

moderate. The rate of seedling mortality can be

excessive because of droughtiness. Timely planting

when the soil is moist but not wet and selecting

adaptable varieties help to reduce the seedling

mortality rate.

This soil is suited to use as a site for dwellings with

basements. Cutbanks caving in is a hazard. For

personal safety, before deep, narrow excavations are

entered cutbanks need to be shored up and

buttressed to prevent cave-ins.

This soil is well suited to use as a site for local

roads and streets.

Rapid permeability is a severe limitation to use of

this soil as a site for septic tank absorption fields. The

soil is a poor filter of effluent, and ground-water

contamination is a hazard. Extensive site alterations

are required to ensure uniform distribution of effluent

throughout the absorption field and to prevent groundwater contamination. An alternative is to place the

absorption field on included Berkshire soils, which are

better suited than the Adams soil to septic tank

absorption fields.

Most areas of this soil are an excellent source of

sand.

The capability subclass is 4s. The forestland

ordination symbol is 3S.

363B—Adams sand, 3 to 15 percent

slopes

This is a very deep, gently sloping to strongly

sloping, excessively drained soil on knolls and broad

hilltops and in other elevated areas on sand plains,

deltas, and natural levees. Most areas are irregular in

shape. Areas are 60 to 100 acres, but the range is 40

to 200 acres.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Adams soil:

Surface layer:

0 to 7 inches, dark brown sand

Subsurface layer:

7 to 8 inches, pinkish gray sand

Subsoil:

8 to 13 inches, dark brown and yellowish red loamy

sand

13 to 20 inches, strong brown sand

Substratum:

20 to 72 inches, light yellowish brown sand

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

somewhat poorly drained and poorly drained

Naumburg soils and very poorly drained Searsport

soils in low areas and along drainageways. Also

included are areas of loamy Berkshire and Potsdam

soils on small hills and knolls, some small areas of

Dune land, and some small areas of Adams soils

where the surface layer and the subsoil have been

eroded. Included areas range to 40 acres and make

up about 20 percent of the unit.

Important properties of the Adams soil—

Permeability: Rapid in the surface layer and subsoil

and very rapid in the substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Very low

Soil reaction: Very strongly acid to moderately acid in

the surface layer and the subsoil and very strongly

acid to slightly acid in the substratum

Erosion hazard: Severe

Depth to water table: Below a depth of 6 feet

throughout the year

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches
44 Soil Survey

Potential for frost action: Low

Shrink swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Most areas of this soil are forested. Some cleared

areas are reverting to brush or woodland or are

barren.

This soil is poorly suited to cultivated crops. It

is subject to both wind and water erosion, is

droughty, and has low natural fertility. Conservation

tillage and crop rotations that emphasize sod crops

help to control erosion, particularly in steeper areas.

Applying manure and adding lime and fertilizer

according to soil tests help to improve fertility.

Irrigating to overcome droughtiness generally is cost

effective only for certain high value crops, such as

strawberries. Applying manure also helps to improve

water holding capacity and to make the soil less

droughty.

This soil is poorly suited to hay and pasture. The

soil is droughty and infertile. If pasture is overgrazed,

erosion is a severe hazard, especially in steeper

areas. Maintaining a vegetative cover and restricting

grazing help to control erosion. Adding fertilizer, lime,

and organic matter to improve fertility helps to sustain

beneficial plants. Adding crop residue and other

organic matter to the soil helps to increase available

water capacity. Proper stocking rates and pasture

rotation help to protect desirable plant varieties

especially vulnerable to overgrazing during dry

periods.

Potential productivity for sugar maple on this soil is

moderate. The soil is droughty, and seedling mortality

is a management concern. Planting in spring or fall

during optimum moisture conditions helps to reduce

the seedling mortality rate.

Slope is the main limitation to use of this soil as a

site for dwellings with basements. Dwellings can be

designed to conform to the natural slope. Shaping the

land provides a more level building site. Cutbanks

caving in a hazard in excavations. For personal safety,

before deep, narrow excavations are entered cutbanks

need to be shored up and buttressed to prevent caveins. If vegetation is removed, erosion is a hazard.

Controlling runoff, maintaining a ground cover during

construction, and restoring vegetative cover as soon

as possible after construction help to control water and

wind erosion.

Slope is a moderate limitation to use of this soil as a

site for local roads and streets. Constructing roads on

the contour and land shaping and grading help to

provide a more level site.

Rapid permeability is a severe limitation to use of

this soil as a site for septic tank absorption fields. The

soil is poor filter of effluent, and ground-water

contamination is a hazard. Extensive site alterations

are needed to ensure uniform distribution of effluent

throughout the absorption field and to prevent groundwater contamination. An alternative is to select

included soils, such as Berkshire soils on knolls, that

are better suited to septic tank absorption fields than

the Adams soil.

Most areas of this soil are excellent sources of

sand.

The capability subclass is 6e. The forestland

ordination symbol is 3S.

363D—Adams sand, 15 to 35 percent

slopes

This is a very deep, moderately steep and steep,

excessively drained soil on hills and dissected valley

sides and in other elevated areas on sand plains,

deltas, and natural levees. Most areas are irregular in

shape. Areas are 60 to 100 acres, but the range is 40

to 200 acres.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Adams soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 7 inches, dark brown sand

Subsurface layer:

7 to 8 inches, pinkish gray sand

Subsoil:

8 to 13 inches, dark brown and yellowish red loamy

sand

13 to 20 inches, strong brown sand

Substratum:

20 to 72 inches, light yellowish brown sand

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

somewhat poorly drained and poorly drained

Naumburg soils and very poorly drained Searsport

soils in low areas and along drainageways. Also

included are loamy Berkshire and Potsdam soils on

broad hillsides, areas of very gravelly Colton and

Duxbury soils, and some small areas of Dune land.

Also included are small areas of Adams soils where

the surface layer and the subsoil have been eroded.

Included areas range to 40 acres and make up about

20 percent of the unit.

Important properties the Adams soil—

Permeability: Rapid in the surface layer and subsoil

and very rapid in the substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Very low

Soil reaction: Very strongly acid to moderately acid in
St. Lawrence County, New York 45

the surface layer and the subsoil and very strongly

acid to slightly acid in the substratum

Erosion hazard: Very severe

Depth to water table: Below 6 feet throughout the year

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: Low

Shrink swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Most areas of this soil are forested. Some cleared

areas are reverting to brush or woodland or are

barren.

This soil is unsuited to cultivated crops. It is too

steep for efficient tillage and is subject to both wind

and water erosion. Also, it is droughty and has little

natural fertility.

This soil is poorly suited to hay and pasture

because it is droughty and infertile. If pasture is

overgrazed, erosion is a severe hazard, especially in

steeper areas. Maintaining a vegetative cover and

restricting grazing help to control erosion. Adding

fertilizer, lime, and organic matter to improve fertility

helps to sustain beneficial plants. Adding crop residue

and other organic matter to the soil helps to increase

available water capacity. Proper stocking rates and

pasture rotation help to protect desirable plant

varieties especially vulnerable to overgrazing during

dry periods.

Potential productivity for sugar maple on this soil is

high. The seedling mortality rate is excessive because

of droughtiness. Timely planting when the soil is moist,

but not wet, and selecting adaptable varieties help to

reduce the seedling mortality rate. Excessive slope

can interfere with some mechanized planting and

harvesting operations. Erosion is a hazard on longer,

steeper slopes. Laying out logging roads and skid

trails on the contour and building water bars to protect

roads and trails when not in use help to control

erosion.

Moderately steep and steep slopes are a severe

limitation to use of this soil as a site for dwellings

with basements. Designing the structure to conform

to slope and cutting and filling to shape the land

help to overcome this limitation. Cutbanks caving

in is a hazard for excavations. For personal safety,

before deep, narrow excavations are entered

cutbanks need to be shored up and buttressed to

prevent cave-ins. An alternative is to build dwellings on

included soils that are less sloping than the Adams

soil.

This soil is poorly suited to use as a site for local

roads and streets because of moderately steep and

steep slopes. Grade and alignment standards for

roads are difficult to maintain without cutting and filling

extensive areas. In some areas roads could be built as

much as possible in nearby or included, less sloping

soils.

Very rapid permeability in the substratum and

moderately steep and steep slopes are severe

limitations to use of this soil as a site for septic tank

absorption fields. The soil is a poor filter of effluent,

and ground-water contamination is a hazard. An

alternative is to place the absorption field on nearby or

included soils, such as less sloping, less permeable

Berkshire soils, that are better suited to septic tank

absorption fields than the Adams soil.

Most areas of this soil are excellent sources of

sand.

The capability subclass is 7e. The forestland

ordination symbol is 3S.

365—Naumburg-Croghan complex

This map unit consists of very deep, somewhat

poorly drained, poorly drained, and moderately well

drained, nearly level soils on glacial stream terraces,

deltas, and beaches. It is in low positions near streams

along valley floors and on broad sand plains. Slopes

are mostly simple and range from 0 to 3 percent.

Areas of this unit are in various shapes and are 100 to

500 acres, but the range is 80 to 1,500 acres. The unit

is about 50 percent somewhat poorly drained and

poorly drained Naumburg soil, 25 percent moderately

well drained Croghan soil, and 25 percent other soils.

The Naumburg and Croghan soils are intermingled so

closely that they could not be separated at the scale

selected for mapping.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Naumburg soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 5 inches, black moderately decomposed organic

material

Subsurface layer:

5 to 17 inches, pinkish gray loamy fine sand

17 to 19 inches, reddish gray fine sand

Subsoil:

19 to 21 inches, dark reddish brown loamy fine sand

21 to 31 inches, brown sand

31 to 41 inches, yellowish brown sand

Substratum:

41 to 72 inches, light brownish gray sand

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Croghan soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 7 inches, dark loamy brown fine sand
46 Soil Survey

Subsurface layer:

7 to 10 inches, pinkish gray sand

Subsoil:

10 to 12 inches, dark reddish brown sand

12 to 20 inches, red sand

20 to 33 inches, strong brown fine sand

33 to 44 inches, brown fine sand

Substratum:

44 to 72 inches, brown fine sand

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

very poorly drained Searsport, Dawson, and Loxley

soils in pockets where organic material has

accumulated. Also included are small areas of well

drained Berkshire soils on pronounced hummocks,

some small included areas of finer textured

Roundabout and Nicholville soils generally on low

terraces, and some small areas of loamy and bouldery

Lyme, Adirondack, and Tughill soils on lesser knolls.

Also included are areas of well drained and

excessively drained, gravelly Duxbury and Colton soils

on narrow, sinuous ridges or on networks of small,

short hills. Inclusions range to 40 acres and make up

about 25 percent of this map unit.

Important properties of the Naumburg soil—

Permeability: Moderately rapid in the organic surface

layer and the mineral subsurface layer and rapid in

the subsoil and substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Very low to moderate

Soil reaction: Extremely acid to strongly acid in the

surface layer and the subsoil and very strongly

acid to slightly acid in the substratum

Erosion hazard: Low

Depth to water table: From 0.5 to 1.5 feet from

December to May

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Important properties of the Croghan soil—

Permeability: Rapid or very rapid throughout

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Very low or low

Soil reaction: Very strongly acid to moderately acid in

the surface layer and very strongly acid to

moderately acid below

Erosion hazard: Slight

Depth to water table: At a depth of 1.5 to 2.0 feet from

November to May

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Most areas of these soils are in woodland that is

dominantly balsam fir, spruce, or tamarack.

These soils are poorly suited to cultivated crops.

Soil wetness, low fertility, and low available water

capacity are the main limitations. The high water table

delays planting and interferes with harvesting.

Drainage is important for crop production on these

soils. On the Naumburg soil drainage is especially

needed because the growing season is short. The

coarse-textured Naumburg and Croghan soils do not

store nutrients and water well. Adding lime and

fertilizer in multiple increments according to soil tests

is needed for vigorous growth of crops. Tillage

methods that leave plant residue on the surface help

to conserve moisture.

These soils are poorly suited to pasture and

hayland. Productivity is low because of wetness and

lack of fertility. The seasonal high water table on the

Naumburg soil restricts the rooting depth of some

plants, especially legumes. Grazing when the soil is

wet causes surface compaction and loss of tilth.

Artificial drainage and the selection of shallow-rooted,

water-tolerant species help to improve productivity.

Applying lime and fertilizer according to soil tests,

restricting grazing during wet periods, and yearly

mowing help to prevent surface compaction, to

preserve tilth, and to enhance quality and quantity of

feed and forage.

Potential productivity for trees on these soils is low

or moderate. In some years wetness on the Naumburg

soil interferes with machine planting. On the

Naumburg soil the seasonal high water table also

limits use of logging equipment during wet seasons

and increases the cost of road building. Logging in

winter when the ground is frozen helps to avoid

problems from the water table, such as equipment

rutting the soil or having delays. On the Naumburg soil

the seedling mortality rate is severe because of the

high water table. Timely planting when the soil is

moist, but not wet, and selecting adaptable varieties

help to reduce the seedling mortality rate. The water

table limits root development and windthrow is a

moderate hazard. Minimizing thinning and planting

shallow-rooted species help to reduce windthrow.

These soils are poorly suited to use as a site for

dwellings with basements because of wetness. On the

Croghan soil installing footing drains and sealing

basement walls help to reduce wetness. An alternative

is to build dwellings on nearby or included soils, such

as Berkshire soils, that are better suited than the

Naumburg and Croghan soils to this use.

The seasonal high water table, particularly on the

Naumburg soil, is a severe limitation to use of these
St. Lawrence County, New York 47

soils for local roads and streets. Potential for frost

action is also a limitation. Constructing roads on raised

fill material and installing a drainage system help to

compensate for wetness. Providing coarser grained

subgrade or base material to frost depth helps to

prevent frost action from damaging pavement.

These soils are poorly suited to septic tank

absorption fields because of wetness and rapid or

very rapid permeability. They are a poor filter of

sewage effluent, and ground-water contamination is a

hazard. An alternative is to select nearby or included

soils, such as Berkshire soils, that are better suited

than the Naumburg and Croghan soils to septic tank

absorption fields.

The capability subclass is 4w for the Naumburg soil

and 2w for the Croghan soil. The forestland ordination

symbol is 2W for the Naumburg soil and 10S for the

Croghan soil.

376A—Colton-Duxbury-Adams complex, 0

to 3 percent slopes

This map unit consists of very deep, gently sloping

soils on outwash plains and on tops of low hills and

ridges. Slopes are generally smooth, but a few areas

are undulating. Areas of this unit are 100 to 300 acres,

but the range is 40 to 1,000 acres. The unit is about 45

percent excessively drained Colton soil, 20 percent

well drained Duxbury soil, 15 percent excessively

drained Adams soils, and 20 percent other soils.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Colton soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 6 inches, dark reddish brown gravelly loamy sand

Subsoil:

6 to 7 inches, dark reddish brown very gravelly sand

7 to 14 inches, reddish brown very gravelly sand

14 to 20 inches, mixed brown and pale brown very

gravelly sand

Substratum:

20 to 72 inches, mixed brown and pale brown very

gravelly sand

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Duxbury soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 7 inches, dark brown silt loam

Subsoil:

7 to 14 inches, strong brown silt loam

14 to 24 inches, dark yellowish brown gravelly loam

Substratum:

24 to 72 inches, dark yellowish brown very gravelly

coarse sand

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Adams soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 7 inches, dark brown sand

Subsurface layer:

7 to 8 inches, pinkish gray sand

Subsoil:

8 to 13 inches, dark brown and yellowish red loamy

sand

13 to 20 inches, strong brown sand

Substratum:

20 to 72 inches, light yellowish brown sand

Included with these soils in mapping are small

areas of moderately well drained Croghan soils in lowlying or concave positions. Also included are areas of

mucky Loxley and Dawson soils in small depressions,

small areas of loamy Berkshire soils on valley sides

and on tops of knolls and ridges, and small areas of

shallow soils or exposed bedrock. Included areas

range to 40 acres and make up about 20 percent of

this unit.

Important properties of the Colton soil—

Permeability: Rapid or very rapid in the surface layer

and subsoil and very rapid in the substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Very low

Soil reaction: Extremely acid to moderately acid in the

surface layer, extremely acid to strongly acid in the

subsoil, and very strongly acid to slightly acid in

the substratum

Erosion hazard: Slight

Depth to water table: More than 6 feet throughout the

year

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: Low

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Important properties of the Duxbury soil—

Permeability: Moderately rapid in the surface layer and

subsoil and rapid in the substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Moderate or high

Soil reaction: Extremely acid to slightly acid in the

surface layer and the upper part of the subsoil and

very strongly acid to slightly acid in the lower part

of the subsoil and the substratum

Erosion hazard: Slight
48 Soil Survey

Depth to water table: More than 6 feet throughout the

year

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: Low

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Important properties of the Adams soil—

Permeability: Rapid in the surface layer and subsoil

and very rapid in the substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Very low

Soil reaction: Very strongly acid to moderately acid in

the surface layer and the subsoil and very strongly

acid to slightly acid in the substratum

Erosion hazard: Moderate

Depth to water table: Below 6 feet throughout the year

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: Low

Shrink swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Most areas of these soils are woodland.

These soils are fairly suited or poorly suited to

cultivated crops. Low soil reaction, low natural fertility,

and droughtiness on the Colton and Adams soils are

the main limitations. Irrigation and dryland farming

practices, such as mulching and adding organic

matter, help to overcome droughtiness. Irrigation may

not be practical for most crops grown in the area.

Adding lime and fertilizer according to soil tests helps

to increase fertility and to raise soil reaction. In some

areas of the Colton soil gravel and cobbles in the

surface cause excessive wear on machinery.

These soils are fairly suited to hay and pasture.

Maintaining proper stocking rates is important

because in summer plants grow slow on the droughty

Colton and Adams soils and are susceptible to

overgrazing. Low natural fertility and low soil reaction

are also limitations. Adding lime and fertilizer

according to soil tests helps to improve low natural

fertility, low soil reaction, and low yields.

Potential productivity for eastern white pine on

these soils is moderate or high. On the droughty

Colton and Adams soils the seedling mortality rate is

excessive. Planting during optimum moisture

conditions helps to reduce the seedling mortality rate

for planted stock. Some areas need to be mulched

with straw or excelsior.

These soils are well suited to use as a site for

dwellings with basements. Cutbanks caving in is a

hazard during construction of basements. For personal

safety, before deep, narrow excavations are entered

cutbanks need to be shored up and buttressed to

prevent cave-ins.

These soils are well suited to local roads and

streets.

Rapid permeability in the substratum is a severe

limitation to use of these soils as a site for septic tank

absorption fields. The soil is a poor filter of effluent,

and ground-water contamination is a hazard.

Extensive site alterations may be needed to ensure

uniform distribution of effluent throughout the

absorption field and to prevent ground-water

contamination. An alternative is to place the

absorption field on included areas of Berkshire soils,

which are more suitable than Colton, Duxbury, and

Adams soils to this use.

Most areas of these soils are an important source

of sand and gravel; however, numerous large stones

and boulders are common in the substratum.

The capability subclass is 3s for the Colton soil, 1

for the Duxbury soil, and 4s for the Adams soil. The

forestland ordination symbol is 3S for the Colton and

Adams soils and 8A for the Duxbury soil.

376C—Colton-Duxbury-Adams complex, 3

to 15 percent slopes

This map unit consists of very deep, strongly

sloping, moderately steep soils on dissected outwash

plains and on sides of hills and ridges. Slopes are

generally smooth, but a few areas are rolling or hilly.

Areas of this unit are 100 to 300 acres, but the range

is 40 to 1,000 acres. The unit is about 45 percent

excessively drained Colton soil, 20 percent well

drained Duxbury soil, 15 percent Adams soil, and 20

percent other soils. The Colton, Duxbury, and Adams

soils are intermingled so closely that they could not be

separated at the scale selected for mapping.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Colton soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 6 inches, dark reddish brown gravelly loamy sand

Subsoil:

6 to 7 inches, dark reddish brown very gravelly sand

7 to 14 inches, reddish brown very gravelly sand

14 to 20 inches, mixed brown and pale brown very

gravelly sand

Substratum:

20 to 72 inches, mixed brown and pale brown very

gravelly sand

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Duxbury soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 7 inches, dark brown silt loam
St. Lawrence County, New York 49

Subsoil:

7 to 14 inches, strong brown silt loam

14 to 24 inches, dark yellowish brown gravelly loam

Substratum:

24 to 72 inches, dark yellowish brown very gravelly

coarse sand

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Adams soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 7 inches, dark brown sand

Subsurface layer:

7 to 8 inches, pinkish gray sand

Subsoil:

8 to 13 inches, dark brown and yellowish red loamy

sand

13 to 20 inches, strong brown sand

Substratum:

20 to 72 inches, light yellowish brown sand

Included with these soils in mapping are small

areas of moderately well drained Croghan soils in lowlying or concave positions. Also included are areas of

mucky Loxley and Dawson soils in small depressions,

small areas of loamy Berkshire soils on valley sides

and on tops of knolls and ridges, and small areas of

shallow soils or exposed bedrock. Included areas

range to 40 acres and make up about 20 percent of

this unit.

Important properties of the Colton soil—

Permeability: Rapid or very rapid in the surface layer

and subsoil and very rapid in the substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Very low

Soil reaction: Extremely acid to moderately acid in the

surface layer, extremely acid to strongly acid in the

subsoil, and very strongly acid to slightly acid in

the substratum

Erosion hazard: Slight

Depth to water table: More than 6 feet throughout the

year

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: Low

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Important properties of the Duxbury soil—

Permeability: Moderately rapid in the surface layer and

subsoil and rapid in the substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Moderate or high

Soil reaction: Extremely acid to slightly acid in the

surface layer and the upper part of the subsoil and

very strongly acid to slightly acid in the lower part

of the subsoil and the substratum

Erosion hazard: Slight

Depth to water table: More than 6 feet throughout the

year

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: Low

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Important properties of the Adams soil—

Permeability: Rapid in the surface layer and subsoil

and very rapid in the substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Very low

Soil reaction: Very strongly acid to moderately acid in

the surface layer and the subsoil and very strongly

acid to slightly acid in the substratum

Erosion hazard: Moderate

Depth to water table: Below 6 feet throughout the year

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: Low

Shrink swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Most areas of these soils are woodland or pasture.

These soils are fairly suited or poorly suited to

cultivated crops. Low soil reaction, low natural fertility,

and doughtiness on the Colton and Adams soils are

the main limitations. Erosion is a severe hazard on

longer, steeper slopes. Irrigation and dryland farming

techniques, such as mulching and adding organic

matter, help to overcome droughtiness on the Colton

soil, but may not be practical for most crops grown in

the area. Adding lime and fertilizer according to soil

tests helps to increase fertility and soil reaction.

Conservation practices, such as conservation tillage,

contour plowing, and stripcropping, and using crop

rotations that emphasize sod crops help to control

erosion.

These soils are fairly suited to hay and pasture.

Maintaining proper stocking rates is important

because in summer plants grow slow on the droughty

Colton and Adams soils and are particularly

susceptible to overgrazing. Low natural fertility and

low soil reaction are also limitations. Adding lime

and fertilizer according to soil tests helps to

improve low natural fertility, low soil reaction, and low

yields.

Potential productivity for eastern white pine on

these soils is moderate or high. On the droughty

Colton and Adams soils, the seedling mortality rate is

excessive. Planting during optimum moisture

conditions helps to reduce the seedling mortality rate
50 Soil Survey

for planted stock. In some areas mulching with straw

or excelsior is needed.

These soils are suited to use as a site for dwellings

with basements and local roads and streets.

Excessive slope is a moderate limitation. Designing

the structure to conform to slope or shaping the land

helps to overcome this limitation. Cutbanks caving in is

a hazard during construction of basements. For

personal safety, before deep, narrow excavations are

entered cutbanks need to be shored up and

buttressed to prevent cave-ins.

Rapid permeability in the substratum is a severe

limitation to use of these soils as a site for septic tank

absorption fields. The soils are a poor filter of effluent,

and ground-water contamination is a hazard.

Extensive site alterations may be needed to improve

performance of the absorption field and to prevent

ground-water contamination. An alternative is to place

the absorption field on included soils, such as

Berkshire soils, that are more suitable for this use.

Most areas of these soils are important sources of

sand and gravel; however, numerous large stones and

boulders are common in the substratum.

The capability subclass is 4s for the Colton soil, 3e

for the Duxbury soil, and 4e for the Adams soil. The

forestland ordination symbol is 3S for the Colton and

Adams soils and 8A for the Duxbury soil.

376D—Colton-Duxbury-Adams complex,

15 to 35 percent slopes

This map unit consists of very deep, hilly and steep

soils on dissected deltas and on dissected kames and

kame terraces along river valleys. Slopes are generally

complex. Areas of this unit are 100 to 300 acres, but

the range is 40 to 600 acres. The unit is about 40

percent excessively drained Colton soil, 25 percent

well drained Duxbury soil, 15 percent Adams soil, and

20 percent other soils. The Colton, Duxbury, and

Adams soils are intermingled so closely that they

could not be separated at the scale selected for

mapping.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Colton soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 6 inches, dark reddish brown gravelly loamy sand

Subsoil:

6 to 7 inches, dark reddish brown very gravelly sand

7 to 14 inches, reddish brown very gravelly sand

14 to 20 inches, mixed brown and pale brown very

gravelly sand

Substratum:

20 to 72 inches, mixed brown and pale brown very

gravelly sand

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Duxbury soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 7 inches, dark brown silt loam

Subsoil:

7 to 14 inches, strong brown silt loam

14 to 24 inches, dark yellowish brown gravelly loam

Substratum:

24 to 72 inches, dark yellowish brown very gravelly

coarse sand

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Adams soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 7 inches, dark brown sand

Subsurface layer:

7 to 8 inches, pinkish gray sand

Subsoil:

8 to 13 inches, dark brown and yellowish red loamy

sand

13 to 20 inches, strong brown sand

Substratum:

20 to 72 inches, light yellowish brown sand

Included with these soils in mapping are small

areas of moderately well drained Croghan soils in lowlying or concave positions. Also included are some

areas of mucky Loxley and Dawson soils in small

depressions, small areas of loamy Berkshire soils on

valley sides and on tops of knolls and ridges, and

small areas of shallow soils or exposed bedrock.

Included areas range to 40 acres and make up about

20 percent of this unit.

Important properties of the Colton soil—

Permeability: Rapid or very rapid in the surface layer

and subsoil and very rapid in the substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Very low

Soil reaction: Extremely acid to moderately acid in the

surface layer, extremely acid to strongly acid in the

subsoil, and very strongly acid to slightly acid in

the substratum

Erosion hazard: Slight

Depth to water table: More than 6 feet throughout the

year

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: Low

Shrink-swell potential: Low
St. Lawrence County, New York 51

Flooding hazard: None

Important properties of the Duxbury soil—

Permeability: Moderately rapid in the surface layer and

subsoil and rapid in the substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Moderate or high

Soil reaction: Extremely acid to slightly acid in the

surface layer and the upper part of the subsoil and

very strongly acid to slightly acid in the lower part

of the subsoil and the substratum

Erosion hazard: Slight

Depth to water table: More than 6 feet throughout the

year

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: Low

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Important properties of the Adams soil—

Permeability: Rapid in the surface layer and subsoil

and very rapid in the substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Very low

Soil reaction: Very strongly acid to moderately acid in

the surface layer and the subsoil and very strongly

acid to slightly acid in the substratum

Erosion hazard: Moderate

Depth to water table: Below 6 feet throughout the year

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: Low

Shrink swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Most areas of this soil are woodland.

These soils are unsuited to cultivated crops.

Steepness of slope, low soil reaction, low natural

fertility, and droughtiness on the Colton and Adams

soils are the main limitations. Erosion is a severe

hazard.

These soils are poorly suited to hay and pasture

because of steepness of slope and the severe hazard

of erosion. On pasture overgrazing can destroy

pasture seedlings and can cause an erosion hazard.

Proper stocking rates are important because in

summer plants grow slow on the droughty Colton and

Adams soils and are susceptible to overgrazing. Low

natural fertility and low soil reaction are also

limitations. Adding lime and fertilizer according to soil

tests helps to improve low natural fertility, low soil

reaction, and low yields.

Potential productivity for eastern white pine on

these soils is moderate or high. On the droughty

Colton and Adams soils the seedling mortality rate is

excessive. Planting during optimum moisture

conditions helps to reduce the seedling mortality rate

for planted stock. Some areas need to be mulched

with straw or excelsior. Excessive slope may limit

machine planting of seedlings and other mechanized

operations.

These soils are poorly suited to use as a site for

dwellings with basements because of slope. Also,

cutbanks caving in is a hazard during construction.

Designing the structure to conform to slope or shaping

the land helps to overcome this limitation. For personal

safety, before deep, narrow excavations are entered

cutbanks need to be shored up and buttressed to

prevent cave-ins. An alternative is to build dwellings on

included or nearby soils that are less sloping than the

Colton, Duxbury, and Adams soils.

Excessive slope is a severe limitation to use of

these soils as a site for local roads and streets.

Maintaining grade alignment standards during road

construction is difficult without extensive cutting and

filling. Designing the structure to conform to slope or

shaping the land helps to overcome this limitation. An

alternative is to lay out roads on included or nearby

soils that are less sloping.

Rapid permeability in the substratum and excessive

slope are severe limitations to use of these soils as a

site for septic tank absorption fields. The soils are a

poor filter of effluent, and ground-water contamination

is a hazard. If the leach field is on steep slopes,

effluent flows downhill and partially filtered effluent

seeps out on the surface of hillsides. On gentler

slopes, using serial distribution or laying out tile lines

on the contour helps to ensure uniform distribution of

effluent throughout the absorption field and to prevent

ground-water contamination. An alternative is to place

the absorption field on included soils, such as less

sloping Berkshire soils, that are better suited than the

Colton, Duxbury, and Adams soils to septic tank

absorption fields.

Most areas of these soils are an important

source of sand and gravel; however, numerous

large stone and boulders are common in the

substratum.

The capability subclass is 7s for the Colton soil, 6e

for the Duxbury soil, and 7e for the Adams soil. The

forestland ordination symbol is 3S for the Colton and

Adams soils and 8R for the Duxbury soil.

380B—Colton-Duxbury-Dawson complex,

0 to 15 percent slopes

This map unit consists of very deep, nearly level to

strongly sloping soils on outwash plains and on

networks of kettles and kames. Slopes are mostly

simple or complex. In most areas the Colton and
52 Soil Survey

Duxbury soils are on 3 to 15 percent slopes. The

Dawson soils range from 0 to 2 percent. Areas of this

unit are 100 to 300 acres, but the range is 40 to 700

acres. The unit is about 35 percent excessively

drained Colton soil, 30 percent well drained Duxbury

soil, 25 percent Dawson soil, and 10 percent other

soils. The Colton, Duxbury, and Dawson soils are

intermingled so closely that they could not be

separated at the scale selected for mapping.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Colton soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 6 inches, dark reddish brown gravelly loamy sand

Subsoil: 6 to 7 inches, dark reddish brown very

gravelly sand

7 to 14 inches, reddish brown very gravelly sand

14 to 20 inches, mixed brown and pale brown very

gravelly sand

Substratum:

20 to 72 inches, mixed brown and pale brown very

gravelly sand

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Duxbury soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 7 inches, dark brown silt loam

Subsoil:

7 to 14 inches, strong brown silt loam

14 to 24 inches, dark yellowish brown gravelly loam

Substratum:

24 to 72 inches, dark yellowish brown very gravelly

coarse sand

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Dawson soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 5 inches, yellowish brown peat

Subsoil layer:

5 to 30 inches, black muck

Substratum:

30 to 72 inches, gray loamy sand

Included with these soils in mapping are small

areas of moderately well drained Croghan soils in lowlying or concave positions. Also included are small

areas of loamy Berkshire soils on valley sides and on

tops of knolls and ridges and small areas of

moderately well drained Crary soils and somewhat

poorly drained Adirondack soils, which both have a

dense and impermeable substratum, on lower

backslopes. Also included are small included areas of

shallow Lyman soils or exposed bedrock. Included

areas range to 40 acres and make up about 10

percent of this unit.

Important properties of the Colton soil—

Permeability: Rapid or very rapid in the surface layer

and subsoil and very rapid in the substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Very low

Soil reaction: Extremely acid to moderately acid in the

surface layer, extremely acid to strongly acid in the

subsoil, and very strongly acid to slightly acid in

the substratum

Erosion hazard: Slight

Depth to water table: More than 6 feet throughout the

year

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: Low

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Important properties of the Duxbury soil—

Permeability: Moderately rapid in the surface layer and

subsoil and rapid in the substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Moderate or high

Soil reaction: Extremely acid to slightly acid in the

surface layer and the upper part of the subsoil and

very strongly acid to slightly acid in the lower part

of the subsoil and the substratum

Erosion hazard: Slight

Depth to water table: More than 6 feet throughout the

year

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: Low

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Important properties of the Dawson soil—

Permeability: Moderate or moderately rapid in the

surface layer, moderately slow to moderately rapid

in the underlying organic material, and rapid in the

sandy substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): High

Soil reaction: Extremely acid in the organic layers and

very strongly acid to slightly acid in the substratum

Erosion hazard: Slight

Depth to water table: From 1 foot above the surface to

1 foot below from September to June

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None
St. Lawrence County, New York 53

Most areas of these soils are woodland.

These soils are unsuitable for cultivated crops.

Wetness on the very poorly drained Dawson soil and

droughtiness and low fertility on the Colton soil are

difficult to overcome.

These soils are poorly suited to hay and pasture.

Maintaining proper stocking rates is important

because in summer plant growth is slow on the

droughty Colton soil and overgrazing is a hazard.

Overgrazing can destroy pasture seeding and can

cause an erosion hazard. Restricting livestock from

pasture when the Dawson soil is saturated helps to

prevent surface compaction, loss of soil tilth, and loss

of productivity.

Potential productivity for eastern white pine on

these soils is low to high. The seasonal high water

table on the Dawson soil limits use of heavy

equipment in spring and during other wet periods.

Logging when the surface is dry or in winter when it is

frozen reduces the problems from heavy equipment

use. Droughtiness, or lack of adequate water holding

capacity, on the Colton soil and the seasonal high

water table on the Dawson soil cause an excessive

seedling mortality rate. Timely planting when the soil is

moist, but not wet, and selecting adaptable varieties

help to reduce the seedling mortality rate. On the

Dawson soil the windthrow hazard is moderate

because the water table limits root development.

Minimizing thinning and planting shallow-rooted

species help to reduce windthrow.

The Dawson soil is poorly suited to use as a site for

dwellings with basements because of wetness. On the

Colton and Duxbury soils excessive slope is a

moderate limitation. Designing buildings to conform to

slope or shaping the land helps to overcome this

limitation. Cutbanks caving in is a hazard during

construction. For personal safety, before deep, narrow

excavations are entered cutbanks need to be shored

up and buttressed to prevent cave-ins.

These soils are suited to local roads and streets if

the wet Dawson soil can be avoided. In some map

units avoiding the Dawson soil or wet inclusions could

disrupt alignment. On the Colton and Duxbury soils

excessive slope is a moderate limitation. Adapting

road design to slope or landscaping and grading help

to overcome slope. On the Dawson soil installing a

drainage system helps to reduce wetness.

Rapid permeability in the substratum on both the

Colton and Duxbury soils and wetness on the Dawson

soil are severe limitations to use of these soils as a

site for septic tank absorption fields. The Colton and

Duxbury soils are a poor filter of effluent, and groundwater contamination is a hazard. On these soils

extensive site alterations may be required to improve

performance of the absorption field and to prevent

ground-water contamination. The Dawson soil is

unsuitable for absorption fields because of wetness.

An alternative is to place the absorption field on

included soils, such as Berkshire soils, that are more

suitable than the Colton, Duxbury, and Dawson soils

for septic tank absorption fields.

Most areas of these soils are an important source

of sand and gravel; however, numerous large stones

and boulders are in the substratum.

The capability subclass is 4s for the Colton soil, 3e

for the Duxbury soil, and 5w for the Dawson soil. The

forestland ordination symbol is 3S for the Colton soil,

8A for the Duxbury soil, and 2W for the Dawson soil.

380D—Colton-Duxbury-Dawson complex,

15 to 35 percent slopes

This map unit consists of very deep, moderately

steep and steep soils on outwash plains and on

networks of kettles and kames. Slopes are simple and

complex. The Colton and Duxbury soils range from 15

to 35 percent. The Dawson soil is in depressions and

range from 0 to 2 percent. Areas of this unit are 100 to

300 acres, but the range is 40 to 500 acres. The unit is

about 35 percent excessively drained Colton soil, 35

percent well drained Duxbury soil, 20 percent Dawson

soil, and 10 percent other soils. The Colton, Duxbury,

and Dawson soils are intermingled so closely that they

could not be separated at the scale selected for

mapping.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Colton soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 6 inches, dark reddish brown gravelly loamy sand

Subsoil:

6 to 7 inches, dark reddish brown very gravelly sand

7 to 14 inches, reddish brown very gravelly sand

14 to 20 inches, mixed brown and pale brown very

gravelly sand

Substratum:

20 to 72 inches, mixed brown and pale brown very

gravelly sand

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Duxbury soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 7 inches, dark brown silt loam

Subsoil:

7 to 14 inches, strong brown silt loam

14 to 24 inches, dark yellowish brown gravelly loam
54 Soil Survey

Substratum:

24 to 72 inches, dark yellowish brown very gravelly

coarse sand

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Dawson soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 5 inches, yellowish brown peat

Subsoil:

5 to 30 inches, black muck

Substratum:

30 to 72 inches, gray loamy sand

Included with these soils in mapping are small

areas of moderately well drained Croghan soils in lowlying or concave positions. Also included are small

areas of loamy Berkshire soils on valley sides and on

tops of knolls and ridges. Also included, on lower

backslopes, are small areas of moderately well

drained Crary soils and somewhat poorly drained and

poorly drained Adirondack soils, which both have a

dense and impermeable substratum. Also included are

small areas of shallow Lyman soils or exposed

bedrock. Included areas range to 40 acres and make

up about 10 percent of this unit.

Important properties of the Colton soil—

Permeability: Rapid or very rapid in the surface layer

and subsoil and very rapid in the substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Very low

Soil reaction: Extremely acid to moderately acid in the

surface layer, extremely acid to strongly acid in the

subsoil, and very strongly acid to slightly acid in

the substratum

Erosion hazard: Slight

Depth to water table: More than 6 feet throughout the

year

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: Low

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Important properties of the Duxbury soil—

Permeability: Moderately rapid in the surface layer and

subsoil and rapid in the substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Moderate or high

Soil reaction: Extremely acid to slightly acid in the

surface layer and the upper part of the subsoil and

very strongly acid to slightly acid in the lower part

of the subsoil and the substratum

Erosion hazard: Slight

Depth to water table: More than 6 feet throughout the

year

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: Low

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Important properties of the Dawson soil—

Permeability: Moderate or moderately rapid in the

surface layer, moderately slow to moderately rapid

in the organic subsoil, and rapid in the sandy

substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): High

Soil reaction: Extremely acid in the organic material

and very strongly acid to slightly acid in the

substratum

Erosion hazard: Slight

Depth to water table: From 1 foot above the surface to

1 foot below from September to June

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Most areas of these soils are woodland.

These soils are unsuitable for cultivated crops

because of steepness of slope, wetness on the

Dawson soil, and droughtiness and low fertility on the

Colton soil.

These soils are poorly suited to hay and pasture.

Erosion is a severe hazard. Maintaining proper

stocking rates is important because in summer plant

growth is slow on the droughty Colton soil and

overgrazing is a hazard. Overgrazing can destroy

pasture seeding and can cause an erosion hazard.

Restricting livestock from pasture when the Dawson

soil is saturated helps to prevent surface compaction,

loss of soil tilth, and loss of productivity.

Potential productivity for eastern white pine on

these soils is low to high. The seasonal high water

table on the Dawson soil limits heavy equipment use

in spring and during other wet periods. Logging when

the surface is dry or in winter when it is frozen reduces

the problems from heavy equipment use.

Droughtiness, or lack of adequate water holding

capacity, on the Colton soil and the seasonal high

water table on the Dawson soil increase the seedling

mortality rate. Timely planting when the soil is moist,

but not wet, and selecting adaptable species help to

reduce the seedling mortality rate. On the Dawson soil

the windthrow hazard is moderate because the water

table limits root development. Minimizing thinning and

planting shallow-rooted species help to reduce

windthrow.
St. Lawrence County, New York 55

These soils are severely limited to use as a site for

dwellings with basements because of excessive slope

and, on the Dawson soil, the seasonal high water

table. Cutbanks caving in is a hazard on the Colton

and Duxbury soils during construction. For personal

safety, before deep, narrow excavations are entered

cutbanks need to be shored up and buttressed to

prevent cave-ins. An alternative is to build dwellings

on included or nearby soils that are lesser sloping

or drier than the Colton, Duxbury, and Dawson

soils.

These soils are poorly suited to local roads and

streets because of steepness of slope on the Colton

and Duxbury soils and wetness on the Dawson soil.

Without expensive cutting and filling steepness of

slope disrupts grade and alignment standards. On the

Dawson soil wetness also disrupts grade and

alignment of roads. Local roads and streets could be

constructed on other soils nearby.

Excessive slope and rapid permeability in the

substratum on both the Colton and Duxbury soils and

wetness on the Dawson soil are severe limitations to

use of these soils as a site for septic tank absorption

fields. The Colton and Duxbury soils are a poor filter of

effluent, and ground-water contamination is a hazard.

On the Colton and Duxbury soils, if the leach field is

on steep slopes, effluent flows uncontrolled downhill

and partially filtered effluent seeps out on the surface

of hillsides; on gentler slopes, using serial distribution

or laying out tile lines on the contour helps to ensure

uniform distribution of effluent throughout the

absorption field; extensive site alterations may be

needed. The Dawson soil is unsuitable for septic tank

absorption fields because of wetness. An alternative is

to place the absorption field on included or nearby

soils, such as Berkshire soils, that are more suitable

than the Colton, Duxbury, and Dawson soils to septic

tank absorption fields.

Most areas of these soils are an important source

of sand and gravel; however, numerous large stones

and boulders are common in the substratum.

The capability subclass is 7s for the Colton soil,

6e for the Duxbury soil, and 5w for the Dawson soil.

The forestland ordination symbol is 3S for the Colton

soil, 8R for the Duxbury soil, and 2W for the Dawson

soil.

643C—Berkshire loam, 3 to 15 percent

slopes, very bouldery

This is a strongly sloping, very deep, well drained

soil on rounded tops and sides of ridges and hills.

Boulders about 10 to 70 feet apart are scattered on

the landscape. Boulders and stones cover 0.1 to 3

percent of the surface. Most areas are oval shaped

and range from 40 to 100 acres.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

Berkshire soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 7 inches, dark brown loam

Subsoil:

7 to 11 inches, brown loam

11 to 30 inches, brown gravelly loam

Substratum:

30 to 72 inches, dark yellowish brown sandy loam

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas

of Potsdam soils and moderately well drained Crary

soils, both of which have very a firm, dense, and

brittle substratum. Also included are some areas of

poorly drained Lyme soils and very poorly drained

Tughill soils in drainageways and depressions and on

lower hillsides, moderately well drained Sunapee

soils on hillsides, and small areas of very gravelly,

excessively drained Colton soils. Included soils

range to 40 acres and make up about 15 percent of

this unit.

Important properties of the Berkshire soil—

Permeability: Moderate or moderately rapid throughout

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): High

Soil reaction: Extremely acid to moderately acid

throughout

Erosion hazard: Severe

Depth to water table: More than 6 feet throughout the

year

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Shrink swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Most areas of this soil are woodland.

This soil is poorly suited to crops. Erosion is a

hazard, especially on longer, steeper slopes. Stones

and boulders on and immediately below the surface

limit tillage.

This soil is poorly suited to pasture. Boulders and

stones severely hinder use of equipment needed to

improve and maintain pasture. Proper stocking rates

and brush control are management concerns.

Overgrazing can diminish quantity and quality of

forage plants and can cause an erosion hazard on

longer, steeper slopes.

Potential productivity for white pine on this soil is

high. There are no limitations to woodland use and

management, except that machine planting of
56 Soil Survey

seedlings is generally not feasible because stones and

boulders are on or near the surface.

Slope is a moderate limitation to use of this soil as a

site for dwellings with basements. Dwellings could be

designed to conform to slope or built on less sloping,

included soils. Large boulders on the surface impede

excavation.

Slope and potential for frost action are moderate

limitations to use of this soil as a site for local roads

and streets. Routing roads to less sloping areas of the

soil or cutting and filling help to overcome slope.

Providing coarser subgrade or base material to frost

depth helps to prevent frost action from heaving and

buckling pavement.

Slope is a moderate limitation to use of this soil as a

site for septic tank absorption fields. Slope causes

unequal distribution of effluent to tile lines. Using serial

distribution or laying out tile lines on the contour helps

to ensure uniform distribution of effluent throughout

the absorption field. An alternative is to place the

septic system in less sloping areas.

The capability subclass is 6s. The forestland

ordination symbol is 9A.

643D—Berkshire loam, 15 to 35 percent

slopes, very bouldery

This is a moderately steep and steep, very deep,

well drained soil on sides of ridges and hills and in

networks of smaller ridges and hills. Boulders about 10

to 70 feet apart and stones cover 0.1 to 3 percent of

the surface. Most areas are oval shaped and range

from 40 to 150 acres.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

Berkshire soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 7 inches, dark brown loam

Subsoil:

7 to 11 inches, dark brown loam

11 to 30 inches, brown gravelly loam

Substratum:

30 to 72 inches, dark yellowish brown sandy loam

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

Potsdam soils and moderately well drained Crary

soils, which have a very firm, dense, brittle

substratum. Also included are some areas of poorly

drained Lyme soils and very poorly drained Tughill

soils in drainageways and depressions and on lower

hillsides; areas of moderately well drained Sunapee

soils on hillsides; and some small areas of very

gravelly, excessively drained Colton soils. Included

soils range to 40 acres and make up about 15 percent

of this unit.

Important properties of the Berkshire soil—

Permeability: Moderate or moderately rapid throughout

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): High

Soil reaction: Extremely acid to moderately acid

throughout

Erosion hazard: Slight

Depth to water table: More than 6 feet throughout the

year

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Shrink swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Most areas of this soil are woodland. A small

acreage is pasture.

This soil is unsuited to crops because of steepness

of slope, the erosion hazard, and boulders. Use of

equipment is hazardous on these slopes; if equipment

is used, erosion is a severe hazard. Stones and

boulders on and immediately below the surface

impede tillage.

This soil is not suited to hay because of stones and

boulders. It is suited to pasture. Low soil reaction and

low natural fertility are the main limitations.

Overgrazing can destroy vegetative cover and can

cause an erosion hazard. Adding lime and fertilizer

according to soil tests helps to improve soil reaction

and low natural fertility. Rotational grazing and annual

mowing are important management practices. Proper

stocking rates help to prolong pasture seedlings and

to control erosion.

Potential productivity for trees on this soil is

moderate or high. Sugar maple, American beech, and

eastern white pine are common in woodlots. Eastern

white pine, red pine, white spruce, and balsam fir are

suitable for planting. In most areas machine planting of

seedlings is not feasible because stones and boulders

are on or near the surface.

Slope is a severe limitation to use of this soil as a

site for dwellings with basements. Dwellings could be

designed to conform to slope or built on included, less

sloping soils. Large boulders in the soil impede

excavation.

Slope is a severe limitation to use of this soil as a

site for local roads and streets. Roads could be routed

to included, less sloping areas of soils or rerouted

around this soil. Frost action can cause cutbanks to

slough and road surfaces to buckle. Vegetating

cutbanks before fall helps to prevent sloughing in

spring. Protecting roads with upslope ditches and

adequate culverts helps to prevent frost action from
St. Lawrence County, New York 57

buckling road pavements. Roads need an adequate

subgrade.

This soil is unsuitable for septic tank absorption

fields because of slope. The septic system could be

placed on included or nearby areas of less sloping

soils.

The capability subclass is 7s. The forestland

ordination symbol is 9R.

644C—Berkshire-Lyme complex, rolling,

very bouldery

This map unit consists of very deep, rolling soils on

networks of small, rounded hills and swales. The well

drained Berkshire soil is in higher, steeper, more

convex positions, and the poorly drained Lyme soil is

in concave positions. Boulders about 10 to 70 feet

apart and stones cover 0.1 to 3 percent of the surface.

Local relief is generally low, and slopes are complex,

ranging from 5 to 15 percent. Areas are 80 to 300

acres, but the range is 40 to 500 acres. The unit is

about 40 percent well drained Berkshire soil, about 25

percent poorly drained Lyme soil, and 35 percent

other soils. The Berkshire and Lyme soils are

intermingled so closely that they could not be

separated at the scale selected for mapping.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

Berkshire soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 7 inches, dark brown loam

Subsoil:

7 to 11 inches, brown loam

11 to 30 inches, brown gravelly loam

Substratum:

30 to 72 inches, dark yellowish brown sandy loam

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Lyme soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 3 inches, very dark gray sandy loam

Subsoil:

3 to 6 inches, grayish brown sandy loam

6 to 11 inches, dark grayish brown sandy loam

11 to 16 inches, brown cobbly sandy loam

Substratum:

16 to 24 inches, dark grayish brown and grayish brown

gravelly sandy loam

24 to 72 inches, brown gravelly sandy loam

Included with these soils in mapping are small

areas of very poorly drained Dawson and Tughill soils

in deeper depressions. Also included are areas of

moderately deep Tunbridge soils on bedrockcontrolled benches and knolls, small areas of rock

outcrops near Tunbridge soils, and small areas of soils

that are more or less sloping than the Berkshire and

Lyme soils. Also included are areas of sandy Adams

soils and gravelly, sandy Colton soils on sides of

valleys and in other areas subject to glaciofluvial

influence. Included areas range to 40 acres and make

up about 35 percent of this unit.

Important properties of the Berkshire soil—

Permeability: Moderate or moderately rapid throughout

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): High

Soil reaction: Extremely acid to moderately acid

throughout

Erosion hazard: Severe

Depth to water table: More than 6 feet throughout the

year

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Shrink swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Important properties of the Lyme soil—

Permeability: Moderate or moderately rapid throughout

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Moderate

Soil reaction: Very strongly acid or strongly acid

throughout

Erosion hazard: Severe

Depth to water table: From the surface to 1.5 feet

below the surface from November to May

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Most areas of these soils are woodland.

These soils are poorly suited to cultivated crops

because of numerous boulders and stones on the

surface. Removing stones and boulders would be too

costly for crops normally grown in the area. This soil is

especially hard to manage for cultivated crops

because of complex topography and, on the Lyme soil,

wetness.

This soil is poorly suited to pasture. Boulders and

stones severely hinder use of equipment needed to

improve and maintain pasture. Proper stocking rates

and brush control are important management

practices. Grazing when these soils are wet causes

surface compaction. Overgrazing can diminish quantity

and quality of forage plants and can cause an erosion

hazard on longer, steeper slopes. Restricting livestock
58 Soil Survey

from pasture is important when the Lyme soil is

saturated. Animal traffic when these soils are wet

causes surface compaction, loss of tilth, and loss of

productivity.

Potential productivity for eastern white pine on

these soils is high. Plant competition, the windthrow

hazard, and the equipment limitation are management

concerns on the Lyme soil. Replanting immediately

after harvest, controlling forest openings after harvest,

and eradicating undesirable species help to overcome

plant competition. Windthrow is a problem on the Lyme

soil because the water table limits root development.

Minimizing stand openings created during harvesting

and thereby shielding trees or, during reforestation,

planting adaptable species that do not have tap roots

helps to reduce windthrow. On the Lyme soil wetness

limits equipment use. Logging in winter, when the

ground is frozen, reduces the problems from heavy

equipment use.

The seasonal high water table on the Lyme soil is a

severe limitation to use of these soils as a site for

dwellings with basements. On the Lyme soil installing

foundation drains and sealing foundations help to

prevent wet basements. Dwellings could be built on

included areas of better drained Berkshire soils. On

Berkshire and Lyme soils slope is a limitation for

dwellings with basements. Land shaping and grading

help to overcome slope. Erosion is a hazard in areas

cleared for construction, but designing dwellings to

conform to the natural slope and setting helps to

minimize land shaping and to control erosion.

Revegetating the soils during or soon after

construction also helps to control erosion. Large

boulders scattered on the soils impede excavation.

Slope, potential for frost action, and, on the Lyme

soil, the seasonal high water table are the main

limitations to use of these soils as a site for local roads

and streets. Building streets and roads on the contour

helps to overcome slope. Providing coarser grained

subgrade or base material to frost depth and

constructing ditches and road culverts to improve soil

drainage near roads help to prevent wetness and frost

action from buckling and heaving pavement.

The seasonal high water table on the Lyme soil is a

severe limitation to use of these soils as a site for

septic tank absorption fields. Installing a drainage

system around the filter field and a diversion to

intercept runoff from higher areas helps to reduce

wetness. The absorption field could be placed on

included areas of well drained Berkshire soils. Slope is

also a limitation for septic tank absorption fields.

Laying out distribution lines on the contour or using

serial distribution helps to ensure uniform distribution

of effluent throughout the absorption field.

The capability subclass is 6s for both Berkshire and

Lyme soils. The forestland ordination symbol is 9A for

the Berkshire soil and 8W for the Lyme soil.

644D—Berkshire-Lyme complex, hilly,

very bouldery

This map unit consists of very deep, hilly soils on

networks of rounded hills and swales. The well drained

Berkshire soil is on the higher, steeper, more convex

parts of the topography, and the poorly drained Lyme

soil is in the concave part. Boulders about 10 to 70

feet apart and stones cover 0.1 to 3 percent of the

surface. Local relief is generally low; slopes are

complex. The Berkshire soil is on the convex parts of

the landscape, and have a slope range of 15 to 35

percent. The Lyme soil is on flatter areas of the

landscape, and have a slope range of 0 to 15 percent.

Areas of this unit are 80 to 200 acres, but the range is

40 to 400 acres. The unit is about 45 percent well

drained Berkshire soil, 25 percent poorly drained

Lyme soil, and 30 percent other soils. The Berkshire

and Lyme soils are intermingled so closely that they

could not be separated at the scale selected for

mapping.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

Berkshire soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 7 inches, dark brown loam

Subsoil:

7 to 11 inches, brown loam

11 to 30 inches, brown gravelly loam

Substratum:

30 to 72 inches, dark yellowish brown sandy loam

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Lyme soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 3 inches, very dark gray sandy loam

Subsoil:

3 to 6 inches, grayish brown sandy loam

6 to 11 inches, dark grayish brown sandy loam

11 to 16 inches, brown cobbly sandy loam

Substratum:

16 to 24 inches, dark grayish brown and grayish brown

gravelly sandy loam

24 to 72 inches, brown gravelly sandy loam

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

very poorly drained Dawson and Tughill soils in deeper

depressions. Also included are moderately deep
St. Lawrence County, New York 59

Tunbridge soils on bedrock-controlled benches and

knolls, some small areas of rock outcrops near

Tunbridge soils, and small areas of soils on greater

slopes than those of the Berkshire and Lyme soils.

Also included are some areas of sandy Adams soils

and gravelly, sandy Colton soils on sides of valleys

and adjacent to watercourses. Included areas range

to 40 acres and make up about 30 percent of this

unit.

Important properties of the Berkshire soil—

Permeability: Moderate or moderately rapid throughout

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): High

Soil reaction: Extremely acid to moderately acid

throughout

Erosion hazard: Severe

Depth to water table: More than 6 feet throughout the

year

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Shrink swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Important properties of the Lyme soil—

Permeability: Moderate or moderately rapid throughout

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Moderate

Soil reaction: Very strongly acid or strongly acid

throughout

Erosion hazard: Severe

Depth to water table: From the surface to 1.5 feet

below the surface from November to May

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Most areas of these soils are woodland.

These soils are poorly suited to cultivated crops

because of steepness, numerous boulders and stones

on the surface, complex topography, and, on the Lyme

soil, wetness. Erosion is a severe hazard, and stone

and boulder removal costs too much for crops

normally grown in this area.

These soils are poorly suited to pasture. Boulders

and stones severely hinder use of equipment needed

to improve and maintain pasture. Managing stocking

rates and brush control are management concerns.

Grazing when these soils are wet causes surface

compaction. Overgrazing can diminish the quantity

and quality of forage plants and can cause an erosion

hazard on steep slopes. Restricting animals from

pasture when the Lyme soil is saturated helps to

prevent surface compaction and loss of soil tilth and

productivity.

Potential productivity for eastern white pine on

these soils is high. On the Lyme soil plant competition,

windthrow hazard, and the equipment limitation are

management concerns. Replanting immediately after

harvest, controlling forest openings after harvest, and

eradicating undesirable species help to control plant

competition. Windthrow is a problem on the Lyme soil

because the high water table causes shallow

rootedness and instability in high winds. Minimizing

stand openings created during harvesting and thereby

shielding the trees and planting adaptable species

without taproots during reforestation help to reduce

windthrow. Stoniness, slope on the Berkshire soil, and

wetness on the Lyme soil limit use of equipment.

Logging in winter, when the ground is frozen, reduces

the problems from heavy equipment use.

Slope and the seasonal high water table on the

Lyme soil are severe limitations to use of these soils

as a site for dwellings with basements. Designing

dwellings to conform to slope helps to overcome this

limitation. On the Lyme soil installing foundation drains

and sealing foundations help to prevent wet

basements. Dwellings could be built on the better

drained Berkshire soil where less sloping. Erosion is a

hazard in areas cleared for construction, but designing

dwellings to conform to slope and setting helps to

minimize land shaping and to control erosion.

Revegetating the soils during or soon after

construction is completed also helps to control

erosion. Occasional large boulders on the soils

impede excavation.

Slope, frost action, and the seasonal high water

table on the Lyme soil are the main limitations to use

of these soils as a site for local roads and streets.

Laying out roads and streets on the contour helps to

overcome slope. In some areas cutting and filling is

needed to maintain grade and alignment standards.

Providing coarser grained subgrade or base material

to frost depth and constructing ditches and road

culverts to improve soil drainage help to prevent

wetness and frost action from buckling and heaving

pavement.

The seasonal high water table on the Lyme soil is a

severe limitation to use of these soils as a site for

septic tank absorption fields. Installing a drainage

system around the filter field and a diversion to

intercept runoff from higher areas helps to reduce

wetness. On the well drained Berkshire soil, slope is a

severe limitation. Laying out distribution lines on the

contour or using serial distribution helps to ensure

uniform distribution of effluent throughout the

absorption field. Where slope is excessive, an
60 Soil Survey

alternative is to place the septic system on less

sloping, included soils.

The capability subclass is 7s for the Berkshire soil

and 7s for the Lyme soil. The forestland ordination

symbol is 9R for the Berkshire soil and 8W for the

Lyme soil.

709B—Adirondack-Tughill-Lyme complex,

0 to 8 percent slopes, very bouldery

This map unit consists of very deep, somewhat

poorly drained and very poorly drained, nearly level

and gently sloping soils formed in glacial till deposits in

low positions between hills and ridges or in broad,

beveled areas on gentle backslopes of large hills, on

uplands. Boulders about 10 to 70 feet apart and

stones cover 0.1 to 3 percent of the surface. Areas of

this unit have various shapes and are 100 to 500

acres, but the range is 40 to 1,000 acres. The unit is

about 35 percent somewhat poorly drained

Adirondack soil, 25 percent very poorly drained Tughill

soil, about 20 percent poorly drained Lyme soil, and

about 20 percent other soils. The Adirondack, Tughill,

and Lyme soils are intermingled so closely that they

could not be separated at the scale selected for

mapping.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Adirondack soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 2 inches, dark reddish brown slightly decomposed

forest litter

2 to 3 inches, black highly decomposed organic

material

3 to 8 inches, black fine sandy loam

Subsurface layer:

8 to 10 inches, gray stony fine sandy loam

Subsoil:

10 to 13 inches, dark reddish brown stony fine sandy

loam

13 to 17 inches, dark reddish brown stony loam

17 to 22 inches, reddish brown stony sandy loam

Substratum:

22 to 72 inches, dark grayish brown stony sandy loam

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Tughill soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 4 inches, black muck

4 to 8 inches, black gravelly mucky sandy loam

Subsoil:

8 to 40 inches, grayish brown very gravelly sandy loam

Substratum:

40 to 72 inches, gray very gravelly sandy loam

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Lyme soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 3 inches, very dark gray sandy loam

Subsoil:

3 to 6 inches, grayish brown sandy loam

6 to 11 inches, dark grayish brown sandy loam

11 to 16 inches, brown cobbly sandy loam

Substratum:

16 to 24 inches, dark grayish brown gravelly sandy

loam

24 to 72 inches, brown gravelly sandy loam

Included with these soils in mapping are small

areas of mucky Dawson and Loxley soils in pockets of

accumulated organic material. Also included are small

areas of well drained Berkshire soils on pronounced

hummocks; areas of sandy Searsport and Naumburg

soils in broad basins or on low terraces where flowing

water deposited sands; and some areas, particularly

at higher elevations, of well drained, moderately deep

Tunbridge soils on small hillocks. Included areas range

to 40 acres and make up about 20 percent of the map

unit.

Important properties of the Adirondack soil—

Permeability: Moderate in the mineral part of the

surface layer and in subsoil and slow in the

substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Moderate

Soil reaction: Extremely acid or very strongly acid in

the organic part of the surface layer, extremely

acid to strongly acid in the upper part of the

subsoil, very strongly acid or strongly acid in the

lower part, and strongly acid or moderately acid in

the substratum

Erosion hazard: Moderate

Depth to water table: At a depth of 0.5 to 1.5 feet from

September to May

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Important properties of the Tughill soil—

Permeability: Moderate or moderately rapid in the

organic part of the surface layer, moderate in the

mineral part of the surface layer and in the

subsurface layer, moderately slow in the subsoil,

and slow in the substratum
St. Lawrence County, New York 61

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Moderate

Soil reaction: Extremely acid to strongly acid in the

surface and subsurface layers, extremely acid to

moderately acid in the subsoil, and strongly acid

to slightly acid in the substratum

Erosion hazard: Slight

Depth to water table: From 1.0 foot above to 0.5 foot

below the surface from November to June

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Important properties of the Lyme soil—

Permeability: Moderate or moderately rapid throughout

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Moderate

Soil reaction: Very strongly acid or strongly acid

throughout

Erosion hazard: Slight

Depth to water table: From the surface to 1.5 feet

below the surface from November to May

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Most areas of these soils are in low-quality

woodland.

These soils are poorly suited to cultivated crops.

Stoniness and wetness are the main limitations.

These soils are poorly suited to pasture. Boulders

and stones severely hinder use of equipment needed

to improve and maintain pasture. Proper stocking rates

and brush control are management concerns. Grazing

when these soils are wet causes surface compaction.

Overgrazing diminishes quantity and quality of forage

plants.

Potential productivity for trees on these soils is low

or moderate. In most years the soil is too wet and

bouldery for machine planting of seedlings. Operating

planting and harvesting equipment on saturated soils

causes surface compaction. Logging when the ground

is frozen or in late summer when the soil is relatively

dry reduces problems from equipment use. The

seedling mortality rate is excessive because the water

table limits root development. Timely planting when the

soils are moist, but not wet, helps to reduce the

seedling mortality rate. Minimizing thinning and

planting shallow-rooted species help to reduce

windthrow.

These soils are unsuitable as a site for dwellings

with basements because of severe wetness. Dwellings

could be built on nearby or included soils, such as

Berkshire soils, that are better suited than the

Adirondack, Tughill, and Lyme soils to this use.

The seasonal high water table and potential for frost

action are severe limitations to use of these soils as a

site for local roads and streets. Constructing roads on

raised fill material and installing a drainage system

help to compensate for wetness. Providing coarser

grained subgrade or base material to frost depth helps

to prevent frost action from damaging pavement.

These soils are unsuitable to use as a site for septic

tank absorption fields because of the seasonal high

water table and slow permeability in the substratum.

The septic system could be placed in small areas of

somewhat poorly drained Adirondack soils. An

alternative is to select nearby or included soils, such

as Berkshire soils, that are well suited to septic tank

absorption fields.

The capability subclass is 6s for the Adirondack,

Tughill, and Lyme soils. The forestland ordination

symbol is 3W for the Adirondack soil, 2W for the

Tughill soil, and 8W for the Lyme soil.

741C—Potsdam-Tunbridge-Crary

complex, 3 to 15 percent slopes, very

bouldery

This map unit consists of well drained, very gently

sloping to strongly sloping soils formed in glacial till on

uplands. Typically, the very deep, well drained

Potsdam soil is on smooth backslopes of hills and

mountains; the moderately deep, well drained

Tunbridge soil is on ridges, bedrock-controlled

terraces, and upper backslopes; and the very deep,

moderately well drained Crary soil is on smooth, upper

footslopes and lower backslopes. Boulders about 10 to

70 feet apart and stones cover 0.1 to 3 percent of the

surface. Most areas of this unit are irregular in shape.

Areas are 200 to 1,000 acres, but the range is 60 to

2,000 acres. The Potsdam, Tunbridge, and Crary soils

are intermingled so closely that they could not be

separated at the scale selected for mapping. The unit

is about 30 percent Potsdam soil, 30 percent

Tunbridge soil, 20 percent Crary soil, and 20 percent

other soils and rock outcrops.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Potsdam soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 3 inches black slightly decomposed leaf litter

3 to 6 inches, black highly decomposed organic matter

Subsurface layer:

6 to 9 inches, pinkish gray very fine sandy loam

Subsoil:
62 Soil Survey

9 to 12 inches, dark reddish brown silt loam

12 to 22 inches, reddish brown and strong brown silt

loam

22 to 34 inches, light olive brown gravelly sandy loam

Substratum:

34 to 72 inches, olive brown gravelly sandy loam

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Tunbridge soil—

 Surface layer:

0 to 2 inches, dark reddish brown silt loam

Subsurface layer:

2 to 3 inches, brown silt loam

Subsoil:

3 to 19 inches, dark reddish brown and dark brown silt

loam

19 to 30 inches, dark yellowish brown gravelly very

fine sandy loam

Bedrock:

30 inches, granitic bedrock

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Crary soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 8 inches, dark brown coarse silt loam

Subsoil:

8 to 14 inches, dark brown coarse silt loam

14 to 20 inches, yellowish brown very fine sandy loam

20 to 24 inches, grayish brown very fine sandy loam

Substratum:

24 to 72 inches, brown stony fine sandy loam

Included with these soils in mapping are small

areas of somewhat poorly drained and poorly drained

Adirondack soils, poorly drained Lyme soils, and very

poorly drained Tughill soils on footslopes, along

drainageways, and in other concave areas. Also

included are small areas of Lyman soils where

bedrock is less than 20 inches deep, some small

areas of rock outcrops near Lyman soils, and areas of

very deep Berkshire soils where the substratum is less

firm and dense than that in the Potsdam soil. Also

included are areas of sandy Adams soils and sandy

and gravelly Colton soils where flowing water

deposited small pockets of stratified sand and gravel,

some areas of more sloping soils, and small areas

where the surface is clear of boulders and stones.

Included areas range to 40 acres and make up about

20 percent of this unit.

Important properties of the Potsdam soil—

Permeability: Moderately slow to moderately rapid in

the surface layer, subsurface layer, and subsoil

and slow in the substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Moderate or high

Soil reaction: Extremely acid to moderately acid in the

surface layer, very strongly acid to moderately

acid in the upper part of the subsoil, very strongly

acid to neutral in the lower part of the subsoil, and

strongly acid to slightly alkaline in the substratum

Erosion hazard: Severe

Depth to water table: At a depth of 2 to 3 feet from

November to May

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Important properties of the Tunbridge soil—

Permeability: Moderate or moderately rapid throughout

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Moderate

Soil reaction: Extremely acid to moderately acid in the

surface layer and the subsoil and strongly acid to

slightly acid in the substratum

Erosion hazard: Severe

Depth to water table: More than 6 feet throughout the

year

Depth to bedrock: 20 to 40 inches

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Important properties of the Crary soil—

Permeability: Moderate in the surface layer and subsoil

and slow in the substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Moderate

Soil reaction: Very strongly acid to moderately acid in

the surface layer and the subsoil and strongly acid

to slightly alkaline in the substratum

Erosion hazard: Severe

Depth to water table: At a depth of 1.5 to 2 feet from

February to May

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Most areas of these soils are woodland. A few

areas are old meadows or clearings.

These soils are poorly suited to cultivated crops

because of numerous boulders and stones on the

surface and included areas of rock outcrops and

shallow Lyman soils.

These soils are poorly suited to pasture. Boulders
St. Lawrence County, New York 63

and stones severely hinder use of equipment needed

to improve and maintain pasture. Proper stocking rates

and brush control are management concerns. Grazing

on these soils when wet causes surface compaction.

Overgrazing can diminish quantity and quality of

forage plants and can cause an erosion hazard on

longer, steeper slopes.

Potential productivity for sugar maple on these soils

is moderate or high. Erosion is a hazard where logging

operations or road and trail construction exposes the

soil to runoff. Laying out logging roads and skid trails

on the contour and building water bars to protect roads

and trails when not in use help to control erosion.

Boulders on the surface hinder machine planting of

trees.

Depth to bedrock on the Tunbridge soil, the

seasonal high water table on the Crary and Potsdam

soils, and excessive slope are the main limitations to

use of these soils for dwellings with basements. Onsite

investigation is needed to avoid blasting or excessive

filling on the moderately deep Tunbridge soils and to

find alternative, less sloping sites. On excessive

slopes architectural choices are limited and erosion is

a hazard on construction sites. Limiting areas

disturbed during construction and stabilizing sites

soon after construction is completed help to control

erosion. On the Crary and Potsdam soils installing

drains by footings and shaping the land to divert

subsurface water and runoff from dwellings help to

reduce wetness. Adequately sealing foundations helps

to prevent wet basements. In some areas the surface

needs to be cleared of boulders to establish a lawn on

these soils.

Slope, potential for frost action, the seasonal high

water table on the Crary and Potsdam soils, and

moderate depth to bedrock on the Tunbridge soil all

are moderate limitations to use of these soils as a site

for local roads and streets. Constructing roads on the

contour, land shaping and grading, and adapting road

design to slope help to overcome slope. Providing

coarser grained subgrade or base material to frost

depth helps to prevent frost action from damaging

pavement.

Constructing roads and streets on raised fill

material and installing a drainage system help to

compensate for wetness. Planning road grades and

locations to avoid bedrock helps to facilitate road

building and to minimize blasting and rock removal.

Wetness on the Crary soil, slow permeability in the

substratum on the Crary and Potsdam soils, and

moderate depth to bedrock on the Tunbridge soil are

the main limitations to use of these soils as a site for

septic tank absorption fields. Installing interceptor

drains to divert ground water or using a specially

designed or alternative system helps to reduce

wetness. Enlarging the absorption field and placing a

wide, deep trench below the distribution lines help to

compensate for the slow permeability. An alternative is

to place the septic system on included or nearby soils,

such as Berkshire soils, that are deeper, more

permeable, and more favorable than the Potsdam,

Tunbridge, and Crary soils to septic tank absorption

fields and that ensure uniform distribution of effluent

throughout the absorption field.

The capability subclass is 6s for the Potsdam,

Tunbridge, and Crary soils. The forestland ordination

symbol is 3R for the Potsdam soil, 3A for the

Tunbridge soil, and 3R for the Crary soil.

741D—Potsdam-Tunbridge complex, 15 to

35 percent slopes, very bouldery

This map unit consists of well drained, moderately

steep and steep soils formed in glacial till on hilly

uplands. Typically, the very deep Potsdam soil is on

backslopes and side slopes of hills, valleys, and

mountains and the moderately deep Tunbridge soil is

on bedrock-controlled terraces, knolls, and ridges and

on summits and upper backslopes of hills and

mountains. Boulders about 10 to 70 feet apart and

stones cover 0.1 to 3 percent of the surface. Most

areas of this unit are irregular in shape. Areas are 100

to 1,000 acres, but the range is 80 to 2,000 acres. The

Potsdam and Tunbridge soils are intermingled so

closely that they could not be separated at the scale

selected for mapping. This unit is about 40 percent

Potsdam soil, 35 percent Tunbridge soil, and about 25

percent other soils.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Potsdam soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 3 inches, black slightly decomposed leaf litter

3 to 6 inches, black highly decomposed organic matter

Subsurface layer:

6 to 9 inches, pinkish gray very fine sandy loam

Subsoil:

9 to 12 inches, dark reddish brown silt loam

12 to 22 inches, reddish brown and strong silt loam

22 to 34 inches, light olive brown gravelly sandy loam

Substratum:

34 to 72 inches, olive brown gravelly sandy loam

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Tunbridge soil—

Surface layer:
64 Soil Survey

0 to 2 inches, dark reddish brown silt loam

Subsurface layer:

2 to 3 inches, brown silt loam

Subsoil:

3 to 19 inches, dark reddish brown and dark brown silt

loam

19 to 30 inches, dark yellowish brown gravelly very

fine sandy loam

Bedrock:

30 inches, granitic bedrock

Included with these soils in mapping are small

areas of moderately well drained Crary soils, poorly

drained Lyme soils, and very poorly drained Tughill

soils on benches and footslopes, along drainageways,

and in other concave areas. Also included are small

areas of Lyman soils where bedrock is less than 20

inches deep, generally on crests and shoulders of

ridges; areas of rock outcrops near Lyman soils; and

areas of very deep Berkshire soils where the

substratum is less firm and dense than that in the

Potsdam soil. Also included are areas of sandy Adams

soils and sandy and gravelly Colton soils on lower

backslopes along stream valleys and some small

areas where the surface is clear of boulders and

stones. Included areas range to 40 acres and make up

about 25 percent of this map unit.

Important properties of the Potsdam soil—

Permeability: Moderately slow to moderately rapid in

the surface layer, subsurface layer, and subsoil

and slow in the substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Moderate or high

Soil reaction: Extremely acid to moderately acid in the

surface layer, very strongly acid to moderately

acid in the upper part of the subsoil, very strongly

acid to neutral in the lower part of the subsoil,

and strongly acid to slightly alkaline in the

substratum

Erosion hazard: Severe

Depth to water table: At a depth of 2 to 3 feet from

November to May

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Important properties of the Tunbridge soil—

Permeability: Moderate or moderately rapid throughout

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Moderate

Soil reaction: Extremely acid to moderately acid in the

surface layer and the subsoil and strongly acid to

slightly acid in the substratum

Erosion hazard: Severe

Depth to water table: More than 6 feet throughout the

year

Depth to bedrock: 20 to 40 inches

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Most areas of these soils are woodland.

These soils are unsuited to cultivated crops

because of excessive slope and many boulders and

stones on the surface. Erosion is a severe hazard, and

in places operating machinery across the slope is

dangerous. Stone and boulder removal is too costly for

crops normally grown in the area.

This soil is poorly suited to pasture. Boulders and

stones and excessive slope severely hinder use of

equipment needed to improve and maintain pasture.

Proper stocking rates and brush control are

management concerns. Grazing when these soils are

wet causes surface compaction. Overgrazing can

diminish quantity and quality of forage plants and can

cause an erosion hazard on these moderately steep

and steep slopes.

Potential productivity for trees on these soils is

moderate. Erosion is a severe hazard where logging

operations or road and trail construction exposes the

soils to runoff. Laying out logging roads and skid trails

on the contour and building water bars to protect roads

and trails when not in use help to control erosion.

Boulders on the surface and steep slopes hinder

machine planting of trees and other mechanized

operations.

Excessive slope is a severe limitation to use of

these soils as a site for dwellings with basements.

Depth to bedrock on the Tunbridge soil and the

seasonal high water table on the Potsdam soil are also

limitations. An alternative is to build dwellings on

included or nearby soils, such as Berkshire soils, that

are less sloping and deeper to bedrock, are better

drained, and have more favorable slopes than the

Potsdam and Tunbridge soils.

Excessive slope is the main limitation to use of

these soils as a site for local roads and streets.

Potential for frost action, the seasonal high water table

on the Potsdam soil, and moderate depth to bedrock

on the Tunbridge soil are also limitations. Roads and

streets could be routed around this unit or through it

on more favorable, included soils, such as less sloping

Berkshire soils.

Excessive slope, slow permeability in the

substratum on the Potsdam soil, and moderate depth

to bedrock on the Tunbridge soil are the main
St. Lawrence County, New York 65

limitations to use of these soils as a site for septic tank

absorption fields. The septic system could be placed

on included or nearby soils, such as very deep, more

permeable Berkshire soils on favorable slopes, that

are better suited to septic tank absorption fields than

the Potsdam and Tunbridge soils.

The capability subclass is 7s for the Potsdam and

Tunbridge soils. The forestland ordination symbol is 3R

for the Potsdam and Tunbridge soils.

743C—Potsdam very fine sandy loam, 3

to 15 percent slopes, very bouldery

This is a very deep, gently sloping and strongly

sloping, well drained soil on side slopes of hills and in

small stream valleys. Boulders about 10 to 70 feet

apart and stones cover 0.1 to 3 percent of the surface.

Most areas of this unit are long and narrow or are

irregular in shape. Areas are 100 to 600 acres, but the

range is 40 to 1,000 acres.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Potsdam soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 3 inches, black slightly decomposed leaf litter

3 to 6 inches, black highly decomposed organic

matter

Subsurface layer:

6 to 9 inches, pinkish gray very fine sandy loam

Subsoil:

9 to 12 inches, dark reddish brown silt loam

12 to 22 inches, reddish brown and strong brown silt

loam

22 to 34 inches, light olive brown gravelly sandy loam

Substratum:

34 to 72 inches, olive brown gravelly sandy loam

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

moderately well drained Crary soils on broad

backslopes and somewhat poorly drained and poorly

drained Adirondack soils on benches and footslopes,

along drainageways, and in other slightly concave

areas. Also included are small areas of moderately

deep Tunbridge soils and shallow Lyman soils where

bedrock is close to the surface, some small areas of

rock outcrops, and areas of Berkshire soils where the

substratum is less firm and dense than that in the

Potsdam soil. Also included are sandy Adams soils

and sandy and gravelly Colton soils where flowing

water deposited small pockets of stratified sand and

gravel, generally on lower backslopes or footslopes

along stream valleys and some small areas where the

surface is free of boulders and stones. Included areas

range to 40 acres and make up about 20 percent of

this unit.

Important properties of the Potsdam soil—

Permeability: Moderately slow to moderately rapid in

the surface layer, subsurface layer, and subsoil

and slow in the substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Moderate or high

Soil reaction: Extremely acid to moderately acid in the

surface layer, very strongly acid to moderately

acid in the upper part of the subsoil, very strongly

acid to neutral in the lower part of the subsoil, and

strongly acid to slightly alkaline in the substratum

Erosion hazard: Severe

Depth to water table: At a depth of 2 to 3 feet from

November to May

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Most areas of this soil are woodland.

This soil is poorly suited to cultivated crops

because many boulders and stones are on the

surface. Stone and boulder removal costs too much for

the crops normally grown in the area.

This soil is poorly suited to pasture. Boulders and

stones severely hinder use of equipment needed to

improve and maintain pasture. Proper stocking rates

and brush control are management concerns.

Overgrazing can diminish quantity and quality of

forage plants and can cause an erosion hazard on

longer, steeper slopes.

Potential productivity for sugar maple on this soil is

moderate. Erosion is a hazard where logging

operations or road and trail construction exposes the

soil to runoff or where roads are built on grades too

steep. Laying out logging roads and skid trails on the

contour, building water bars to protect roads and trails

when not in use, and minimizing clearcutting help to

control erosion. Boulders on the surface hinder

machine planting.

Wetness is the main limitation to use of this soil as

a site for dwellings with basements. Installing drains by

footings and shaping the land to move surface water

away from dwellings help to reduce wetness.

Adequately sealing foundations help to prevent wet

basements. Excessive slope is a moderate limitation.

Designing dwellings to conform to the natural slope or

shaping the land and filling help to overcome this

limitation. Erosion is a hazard in areas cleared during

construction. Controlling runoff during construction

and establishing a vegetative cover as soon as

possible after construction help to control erosion. The
66 Soil Survey

surface needs to be cleared of boulders to establish a

lawn on this soil.

Potential for frost action and seasonal wetness are

severe limitations to use of this soil as a site for local

roads and streets. Providing coarser grained subgrade

or base material to frost depth helps to prevent frost

action from damaging pavement. Constructing roads

and streets on raised fill material and installing a

drainage system help to compensate for wetness.

Excessive slope is a moderate limitation. Constructing

roads on the contour, land shaping and grading, and

adapting road design to slope help to overcome this

limitation.

Wetness and slow permeability in the substratum

are the main limitations to use of this soil as a site for

septic tank absorption fields. Providing interceptor or

curtain drains to divert wetness, enlarging the

absorption field, and placing a wide, deep trench

below the distribution lines help to reduce wetness and

to compensate for the slow permeability. Excessive

slope is a moderate limitation. Placing tile lines on the

contour and using serial distribution help to ensure

uniform distribution of effluent throughout the

absorption field. An alternative is to place the

absorption field on included or nearby soils, such as

less sloping Berkshire soils, that are better suited to

septic tank absorption fields.

The capability subclass is 6s. The forestland

ordination symbol is 3R.

743D—Potsdam very fine loam, 15 to 35

percent slopes, very bouldery

This is a well drained, moderately steep and steep

soil formed in glacial till on long, smooth backslopes

and on side slopes of hills, valleys, and mountains, on

hilly uplands. Boulders about 10 to 70 feet apart and

stones cover 0.1 to 3 percent of the surface. Most

areas of this soil are irregular in shape. Areas are 100

to 300 acres, and the range is 60 to 500 acres.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Potsdam soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 3 inches, black slightly decomposed leaf litter

3 to 6 inches, black highly decomposed organic matter

Subsurface layer:

6 to 9 inches, pinkish gray very fine sandy loam

Subsoil:

9 to 12 inches, dark reddish brown silt loam

12 to 22 inches, reddish brown and strong silt loam

22 to 34 inches, light olive brown gravelly sandy loam

Substratum:

34 to 72 inches, olive brown gravelly sandy loam

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

moderately well drained Crary soils, somewhat poorly

drained and poorly drained Adirondack soils, and very

poorly drained Tughill soils on footslopes, along

drainageways, and in other concave areas. Also

included are some small areas of moderately deep

Tunbridge soils; small areas of Lyman soils where

bedrock is less than 20 inches deep, generally on

crests and shoulders of ridges; and some areas of

rock outcrops near Lyman soils. Also included are

areas of very deep Berkshire soils where the

substratum is less firm and dense than that in the

Potsdam soil, some small areas of soils that are on

steeper slopes than those of the Potsdam soil, areas

of sandy Adams soils and sandy and gravelly Colton

soils on lower backslopes along stream valleys, and

some small areas where the surface is free of

boulders and stones. Included areas range to 40 acres

and make up about 20 percent of this unit.

Important properties of the Potsdam soil—

Permeability: Moderately slow to moderately rapid in

the surface layer, subsurface layer, and subsoil

and slow in the substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Moderate or high

Soil reaction: Extremely acid to moderately acid in the

surface layer, very strongly acid to moderately

acid in the upper part of the subsoil, very strongly

acid to neutral in the lower part of the subsoil, and

strongly acid to slightly alkaline in the substratum

Erosion hazard: Severe

Depth to water table: At a depth of 2 to 3 feet from

November to May

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Most areas of this soil are woodland.

This soil is poorly suited to cultivated crops

because of excessive slope and numerous boulders

and stones on the surface. Erosion is a severe hazard

and in places cross-slope operation of machinery is

dangerous on these slopes. Stone and boulder

removal is too costly for crops normally grown in the

area.

This soil is poorly suited to pasture. Boulders and

stones severely hinder use of equipment needed to

improve and maintain pasture. Proper stocking rates

and brush control are management concerns.

Overgrazing can diminish quantity and quality of
St. Lawrence County, New York 67

forage plants and can cause an erosion hazard on

these moderately steep and steep slopes.

Potential productivity for sugar maple on this soil is

moderate. Erosion is a severe hazard where logging

operations or road and trail construction exposes the

soil to runoff or where roads are built on grades too

steep. Laying out logging roads and skid trails on the

contour, building water bars to protect roads and trails

when not in use, and minimizing clearcutting help to

control erosion. Boulders on the surface hinder

machine planting.

Excessive slope is a severe limitation to use of this

soil as a site for dwellings with basements. The

seasonal high water table is also a limitation. Dwellings

could be built on included or nearby soils, such as

Berkshire soils on more favorable slopes, that are less

sloping and not as wet as the Potsdam soil.

Excessive slope is the main limitation to use of this

soil as a site for local roads and streets. Potential for

frost action and the seasonal high water table are also

limitations. Changing the grade or alignment of roads

or cutting and filling help to overcome slope. Extremely

long cut and fill slopes that are difficult to stabilize

need to be revegetated with timely applications of

seed, fertilizer, and mulch. An alternative is to route

roads and streets around this map unit or through it

but on more favorable, included soils, such as less

sloping Berkshire soils.

Excessive slope and the slow permeability in the

substratum are the main limitations to use of this soil

as a site for septic tank absorption fields. An

alternative is to place the absorption field on included

or nearby soils, such as more permeable

Berkshire soils on favorable slopes, that are better

suited to septic tank absorption fields than the

Potsdam soil.

The capability subclass is 7s. The forestland

ordination symbol is 3R.

745C—Crary-Potsdam complex, 3 to 15

percent slopes, very bouldery

This map unit consists of very deep, gently sloping

to strongly sloping soils on glacial till plains. Typically,

the moderately well drained Crary soil is on footslopes,

on lower side slopes, and in slightly concave areas.

The well drained Potsdam soil is on upper side slopes

and on convex knolls and hilltops. Boulders about 10

to 70 apart and stones cover 0.1 to 3 percent of the

surface. Most areas of this unit are irregular in shape.

Areas are 80 to 500 acres, but the range is 40 to 1,000

acres. The unit is about 35 percent Crary soil, 30

percent Potsdam soil, and 35 percent other soils. The

Crary and Potsdam soils are intermingled so closely

that they could not be separated at the scale selected

for mapping.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Crary soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 8 inches, dark brown coarse silt loam

Subsoil:

8 to 14 inches, dark brown coarse silt loam

14 to 20 inches, yellowish brown very fine sandy loam

20 to 24 inches, grayish brown very fine sandy loam

Substratum:

24 to 72 inches, brown stony fine sandy loam

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Potsdam soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 3 inches, black slightly decomposed leaf litter

3 to 6 inches, black highly decomposed organic matter

Subsurface layer:

6 to 9 inches, pinkish gray very fine sandy loam

Subsoil:

9 to 12 inches, dark reddish brown silt loam

12 to 22 inches, reddish brown and strong brown silt

loam

22 to 34 inches, light olive brown gravelly sandy loam

Substratum:

34 to 72 inches, olive brown gravelly sandy loam

Included with these soils in mapping are small

areas of poorly drained Lyme soils and very poorly

drained Tughill soils on footslopes, along

drainageways, and in other concave areas. Also

included are some small areas of mucky Loxley and

Dawson soils in the lowest parts on the landscape,

some small areas of Tunbridge soils where bedrock is

less than 40 inches below the surface, and areas of

Berkshire soils where the substratum is less firm and

dense than that in the Crary and Potsdam soils. Also

included are areas of sandy Adams soils and sandy

and gravelly Colton soils on sides of small valleys

where flowing water deposited small pockets of

stratified sand and gravel and some small areas where

the surface is free of boulders and stones. Included

areas range to 40 acres and make up about 35

percent of this unit.

Important properties of the Crary soil—

Permeability: Moderate in the mineral surface soil and

subsoil and slow in the substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Moderate
68 Soil Survey

Soil reaction: Very strongly acid to moderately acid in

the surface layer and the subsoil and strongly acid

to slightly alkaline in the substratum

Erosion hazard: Severe

Depth to water table: At a depth of 1.5 to 2 feet from

February to May

Soil reaction: Very strongly acid to moderately acid in

the surface layer and the subsoil and strongly acid

to slightly alkaline in the substratum

Erosion hazard: Severe

Depth to water table: At a depth of 1.5 to 2 feet from

February to May

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Important properties of the Potsdam soil—

Permeability: Moderately slow to moderately rapid in

the surface layer, subsurface layer, and subsoil

and slow in the substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Moderate or high

Soil reaction: Extremely acid to moderately acid in the

surface layer, very strongly acid to moderately

acid in the upper part of the subsoil, very strongly

acid to neutral in the lower part of the subsoil, and

strongly acid to slightly alkaline in the substratum

Erosion hazard: Severe

Depth to water table: At a depth of 2 to 3 feet from

November to May

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Shrink swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Most areas of this soil are woodland. A few areas

are old meadows or clearings.

These soils are poorly suited to cultivated crops

because of numerous boulders and stones on the

surface and the erosion hazard.

This soil is poorly suited to pasture. Boulders and

stones severely hinder use of equipment needed to

improve and maintain pasture. Proper stocking rates

and brush control are management concerns. Grazing

when these soils are wet causes surface compaction.

Overgrazing can diminish quantity and quality of

forage plants and can cause an erosion hazard on

longer, steeper slopes.

Potential productivity for sugar maple on these soils

is moderate or high. Erosion is a hazard where logging

operations or road and trail construction exposes the

soil to runoff. Laying out logging roads and skid trails

on the contour, building water bars to protect roads

and trails when not in use, and limiting clearcutting

help to control erosion. Boulders on the surface hinder

machine planting and some other mechanized

operations.

Seasonal wetness is the main limitation to use of

these soils as a site for dwellings with basements.

Installing drains by footings and shaping the land to

move surface water away from dwellings help to

reduce wetness. Adequately sealing foundations helps

to prevent wet basements. Erosion is a hazard in more

sloping areas cleared during construction. Establishing

a vegetative cover as soon as possible after

construction and controlling runoff during construction

help to control erosion. In some areas boulders need

to be cleared from the surface to establish a lawn.

Potential for frost action and seasonal wetness are

limitations to use of these soils as a site for local roads

and streets. Providing coarser grained subgrade or

base material to frost depth helps to prevent frost

action from damaging pavement. Constructing roads

and streets on raised fill material and installing a

drainage system help to compensate for wetness.

Erosion is a hazard during construction on the steeper

sections of roads or in large cut and fill sections.

Stabilizing disturbed areas with vegetation during or

as soon as possible after construction helps to control

erosion.

Slow permeability and seasonal wetness are the

main limitations to use of these soils as a site for

septic tank absorption fields. Providing interceptor

drains to divert some wetness, enlarging the

absorption field, and placing a wide, deep trench

below the distribution lines help to reduce wetness and

to compensate for the slow permeability. An alternative

is to place the absorption field on nearby or included

soils, such as Berkshire soils, that are better drained

and more permeable than the Crary and Potsdam

soils.

The capability subclass is 6s for the Crary and

Potsdam soils. The forestland ordination symbol is 3R

for the Crary and Potsdam soils.

747B—Crary-Adirondack complex, 0 to 8

percent slopes, very bouldery

This map unit consists of very deep, gently sloping

to strongly sloping soils on glacial till plains. Typically,

the moderately well drained Crary soil is on footslopes

and lower side slopes and in slightly concave areas

and the somewhat poorly drained Adirondack soil is on

upper side slopes and on convex knolls and hilltops.

Boulders about 10 to 70 feet apart and stones cover

0.1 to 3 percent of the surface. Most areas of this unit

are irregular in shape. Areas are 80 to 500 acres, but

the range is 40 to 1,000 acres. The unit is about 35
St. Lawrence County, New York 69

percent Crary soil, 30 percent Adirondack soil, and 35

percent other soils. The Crary and Adirondack soils

are intermingled so closely that they could not be

separated at the scale used for mapping.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Crary soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 8 inches, dark brown silt loam

Subsoil:

8 to 14 inches, dark brown silt loam

14 to 20 inches, yellowish brown very fine sandy

loam

20 to 24 inches, grayish brown very fine sandy loam

Substratum:

24 to 72 inches, brown stony fine sandy loam

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Adirondack soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 2 inches, slightly decomposed forest litter

2 to 3 inches, black highly decomposed organic

material

3 to 8 inches, black fine sandy loam

Subsurface layer:

8 to 10 inches, gray stony fine sandy loam

Subsoil:

10 to 13 inches, dark reddish brown stony fine sandy

loam

13 to 17 inches, dark reddish brown stony loam

17 to 22 inches, reddish brown stony sandy loam

Substratum:

22 to 72 inches, dark grayish brown stony sandy loam

Included with these soils in mapping are small

areas of very poorly drained Tughill soils on

footslopes, along drainageways, and in other concave

areas. Also included are some small areas of mucky

Loxley and Dawson soils in the lowest parts of the

landscape, some small areas of Tunbridge soils where

bedrock is less than 40 inches below the soil surface,

and some small areas of rock outcrops. Also included

are some areas of Sunapee and Lyme soils where the

substratum is less firm and dense than that in the

Crary and Adirondack soils and some small areas

where the surface is free of boulders and stones.

Included areas range to 40 acres and make up about

35 percent of this unit.

Important properties of the Crary soil—

Permeability: Moderate in the surface layer and subsoil

and slow in the substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Moderate

Soil reaction: Very strongly acid to moderately acid in

the surface layer and the subsoil and strongly acid

to slightly alkaline in the substratum

Erosion hazard: Moderate

Depth to water table: At a depth of 1.5 to 2 feet from

February to May

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Important properties of the Adirondack soil—

Permeability: Moderate in the mineral part of the

surface layer and subsurface layer and subsoil

and slow in the substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Moderate

Soil reaction: Extremely acid or very strongly acid in

the organic surface layer, strongly acid in the

subsurface layer, extremely acid to strongly acid in

the upper part of the subsoil, very strongly acid or

strongly acid in the lower part of the subsoil, and

strongly acid or moderately acid in the substratum

Erosion hazard: Slight

Depth to water table: At a depth of 0.5 to 1.5 feet from

September to May

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Most areas of these soils are woodland. A few

areas are old meadows or clearings.

These soils are poorly suited to cultivated crops

because of many boulders and stones on the surface

and wetness on the Adirondack soil. Erosion is a

hazard on longer, steeper slopes.

These soils are poorly suited to pasture. Boulders

and stones severely hinder use of equipment needed

to improve and maintain pasture. Proper stocking rates

and brush control are management concerns. Grazing

when these soils are wet causes surface compaction.

Overgrazing can diminish quantity and quality of

forage plants and can cause an erosion hazard on

longer, steeper slopes.

Potential productivity for trees on these soils is

moderate or low. Boulders on the surface hinder

machine planting. In wetter months wetness on the

Adirondack soil and some included soils limits

trafficability and obstructs efficient skidding patterns.

On the Adirondack soil plant competition on

plantations is a management concern. Mechanical or
70 Soil Survey

chemical site preparation helps to reduce plant

competition.

Wetness is the main limitation to use of these soils

as a site for dwellings with basements. Installing drains

by footings and shaping the land to divert subsurface

water and runoff from dwellings help to reduce

wetness. Adequately sealing foundations helps to

prevent wet basements. Dwellings could be built on

included or nearby soils, such as Berkshire soils, that

are better drained than the Crary and Adirondack

soils. In some areas the surface needs to be cleared

of boulders to establish lawns.

Potential for frost action and the seasonal high

water table are limitations to use of these soils as a

site for local roads and streets. Providing coarser

grained subgrade or base material to frost depth helps

to prevent frost action from damaging pavement.

Constructing roads and streets on raised fill material

and installing a drainage system help to compensate

for wetness. Erosion is a hazard during

construction. Stabilizing disturbed or cut and fill

areas with vegetation during or as soon as

possible after construction helps to control

erosion.

Wetness and slow permeability in the substratum

are the main limitations to use of these soils as a site

for septic tank absorption fields. Installing interceptor

drains to divert ground water, enlarging the absorption

field, and placing a wide, deep trench below the

distribution lines help to reduce wetness and to

compensate for the slow permeability. An alternative is

to place the absorption field on nearby or included

soils, such as Berkshire soils, that are better drained

and more permeable than the Crary and Adirondack

soils.

The capability subclass is 6s for the Crary and

Adirondack soils. The forestland ordination symbol is

3W for the Crary and Adirondack soils.

807—Udorthents, mine waste

This map unit is dominantly very deep, nearly level

to steep, very poorly drained to excessively well

drained soils in piles of acidic tailings, shot rock, and

rubble from iron mines and from excavated and

quarried areas. One area of this unit is at Benson

Mines, east of Star Lake, the largest open pit east of

the Mesabi Range in Minnesota. The topography of

this unit is irregular, and consists mainly of smoothed

and unsmoothed piles and dumps. Slopes range from

0 to 25 percent. Some areas at the perimeter of open

pits are subject to collapse and are dangerous. Areas

of the unit are irregular in shape and range from 40 to

1,000 acres. The soils in this map unit have variable

characteristics and properties and are classified above

the series level.

These soils are highly variable; they do not have

a typical sequence, depth, or composition of layers.

In most areas, however, the soils are sandy

loam, loamy sand, or loam and highly variable

amounts of rock fragments ranging from gravel

to stones.

Included with these soils in mapping are shallow,

somewhat excessively drained Lyman soils on

undisturbed knobs and crests of small hills. Also

included are areas of sandy, somewhat poorly drained

and poorly drained, very deep Naumburg soils in

undisturbed depressions; areas of very deep, well

drained, loamy Potsdam soils in undisturbed, convex

areas; and some small areas that consist entirely of

cobbles, stones, or boulders and that do not support

vegetation. Also included, at the perimeters of open

pits, are areas where slopes are nearly vertical.

Included areas range to 40 acres and make up about

20 percent of this unit.

Important properties of Udorthents, mine waste—

Permeability: Very slow to rapid throughout

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Low or moderate

Soil reaction: Extremely acid to strongly acid

throughout

Erosion hazard: Moderate or severe

Depth to water table: Perched on the surface in places,

but ranges from 2 feet to more than 6 feet below

the surface between November and May

Depth to bedrock: Dominantly more than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Shrink swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: Variable

Areas of this soil are nearly barren, are sparse

brush, or are in low-quality woodland.

These soils are poorly suited to agriculture. They

are infertile, often droughty, and in most areas

untraversable.

These soils have a highly variable suitability for

forest management. In some areas trees grow well

and logging equipment is usable; in other areas trees

grow slowly, and open pits and open mine shafts

prevent use of equipment.

In places these soils are suitable for urban uses. In

most areas, however, they are unsuitable because of

hazardous, broken topography, open pits and shafts,

wetness, and depth to bedrock. Onsite investigation is

needed in evaluating areas of these soils for any urban

use.

The capability subclass is 7s. A forestland

ordination symbol was not assigned.
St. Lawrence County, New York 71

831C—Tunbridge-Lyman complex, 3 to 15

percent slopes, very rocky

This map unit consists of moderately deep, shallow

soils on rough, broken landscapes on bedrockcontrolled uplands. Typically, the Tunbridge soil is on

side slopes and the Lyman soil is on tops and

shoulders of knolls and ridges. Scattered rock

outcrops cover about 2 to 10 percent of the surface.

Slopes are simple or complex. Most areas of this unit

are broad and lobate. Areas are 300 to 1,000 acres,

but the range is 80 to 2,000 acres. The unit is about 55

percent moderately deep, well drained Tunbridge soil;

20 percent shallow, somewhat excessively drained

Lyman soil; and 25 percent other soils and rock

outcrops. The Tunbridge and Lyman soils are

intermingled so closely that they could not be

separated at the scale selected for mapping.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Tunbridge soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 2 inches, dark reddish brown silt loam

Subsurface layer:

2 to 3 inches, brown silt loam

Subsoil:

3 to 19 inches, dark reddish brown and dark brown silt

loam

19 to 30 inches, dark yellowish brown gravelly very

fine sandy loam

Bedrock:

30 inches, granitic bedrock

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Lyman soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 3 inches, black silt loam

Subsurface layer:

3 to 4 inches, pinkish gray silt loam

Subsoil:

4 to 14 inches, reddish brown silt loam

Bedrock:

14 inches, granitic bedrock

Included with these soils in mapping are small

areas of very shallow, organic Ricker soils and very

shallow mineral soils. Also included are some small

areas of very deep Potsdam soils on smooth sloping

backslopes, some small areas of very poorly drained

Tughill soils and somewhat poorly drained and poorly

drained Adirondack soils in low-lying positions, and

some areas of sandy Adams soils and sandy and

gravelly Colton soils along streams. Also included are

small areas of steeper soils and rock outcrops and

some areas where numerous boulders are on the

surface. Included areas range to 40 acres and make

up about 25 percent of this unit.

Important properties of the Tunbridge soil—

Permeability: Moderate or moderately rapid throughout

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Moderate

Soil reaction: Extremely acid to moderately acid in the

surface layer and the subsoil and strongly acid to

slightly acid in the substratum

Erosion hazard: Severe

Depth to water table: More than 6 feet throughout the

year

Depth to bedrock: 20 to 40 inches

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Important properties of the Lyman soil—

 Permeability: Moderately rapid throughout

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Very low or low

Soil reaction: Extremely acid to moderately acid

throughout

Erosion hazard: Severe

Depth to water table: More than 6 feet

Depth to bedrock: 10 to 20 inches

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Most areas of these soils are woodland.

These soils are unsuited to cultivated crops

because rock outcrops and included areas of very

shallow soils and boulders obstruct use of tillage and

harvesting equipment. Also, droughtiness on the

Lyman soil during much of the growing season impairs

growth of most crops.

These soils are poorly suited to hay and pasture.

Rock outcrops and included bouldery areas hinder

use of most farm equipment. When the soils are

droughty in summer, pasture is subject to overgrazing.

Also, when the soils are wet and weak, animal traffic

tends to shear easily and to destabilize the soils and

erosion is a hazard. If unmanaged, grazing causes

loss of desirable plants and excessive erosion is a

hazard. On pasture, rotational grazing, proper stocking

rates, and brush control are management concerns.

Potential productivity for trees on these soils is low

or moderate. Rock outcrops impede use of planting

and logging equipment. The Lyman soil tends to be

droughty, and the seedling mortality rate is severe.
72 Soil Survey

Planting seedlings in spring when the soil is still moist

helps to increase the rate of seedling survival. On the

Lyman soil shallow depth to bedrock restricts rooting

depth of trees and windthrow is a severe hazard.

Minimizing clearcutting and selecting naturally

shallow-rooted trees help to reduce windthrow.

Depth to bedrock on the Tunbridge and Lyman soils

is the main limitation to use of these soils as a site for

dwellings with basements. Building above bedrock and

landscaping with additional fill help to provide a

suitable building site. Slope is also a limitation.

Designing dwellings to conform to slope or shaping

the land helps to overcome this limitation. An

alternative is to build dwellings on included or nearby

soils that are better suited to septic tank absorption

fields.

Depth to bedrock on the Lyman soil is a severe

limitation to use of these soils as a site for local roads

and streets. Excessive slope, moderate depth to

bedrock on the Tunbridge soil, and potential for frost

action are also limitations. Changing grade and

alignment helps to avoid rock removal and to minimize

cutting and filling from excessive slope. In some areas

blasting is needed. Providing coarser grained

subgrade or base material to frost depth helps to

prevent frost action from damaging pavement.

Depth to bedrock on the Tunbridge and Lyman soils

is a severe limitation to use of these soils as a site for

septic tank absorption fields. The Tunbridge and

Lyman soils both are a poor filter of effluent, and

ground-water contamination and effluent seeping out

at the surface are hazards. In some areas such

special designs as mound systems, where the building

code permits them, are needed. An alternative is to

place the absorption field on included or nearby soils

that are better suited to septic tank absorption fields.

The capability subclass is 6s for the Tunbridge and

Lyman soils. The forestland ordination symbol is 3A for

the Tunbridge soil and 2D for the Lyman soil.

831D—Tunbridge-Lyman complex, 15 to

35 percent slopes, very rocky

This map unit consists of moderately deep and

shallow, strongly sloping to steep soils on networks of

hills and ridges and on mountains on granitic bedrockcontrolled uplands. Typically, the Tunbridge soil is on

side slopes and shoulders of hills and ridges and the

Lyman soil is on summits of hills and ridges. Scattered

rock outcrops take in about 2 to 10 percent of the

surface area. Slopes are simple or complex. Most

areas of this unit are irregular in shape. Areas are 200

to 1,000 acres, but the range is 40 to more than 2,000

acres. The unit is about 50 percent moderately deep,

well drained Tunbridge soil, 30 percent shallow,

somewhat excessively drained Lyman soil, and 20

percent other soils and rock outcrops. The Tunbridge

and Lyman soils are intermingled so closely that they

could not be separated at the scale selected for

mapping.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Tunbridge soil—

 Surface layer:

0 to 2 inches, dark reddish brown silt loam

Subsurface layer:

2 to 3 inches, brown silt loam

Subsoil:

3 to 19 inches, dark reddish brown and dark brown silt

loam

19 to 30 inches, dark yellowish brown gravelly very

fine sandy loam

Bedrock:

30 inches, granitic bedrock

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Lyman soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 3 inches, black silt loam

Subsurface layer:

3 to 4 inches, pinkish gray silt loam

Subsoil:

4 to 14 inches, reddish brown silt loam

Bedrock:

14 inches, granitic bedrock

Included with these soils in mapping, generally near

rock outcrops, are small areas of very shallow mineral

soils that are less than 10 inches deep over bedrock.

Also included are areas of very shallow to moderately

deep, organic Ricker soils; some small areas of

excessive boulders and stones; and some areas of

very poorly drained Tughill soils and somewhat poorly

drained and poorly drained Adirondack soils in lowlying positions. Also included are areas of highly

variable, mucky Borosaprists and mineral Fluvaquents

in narrow troughs along floodplains; some areas of

sandy Adams soils and sandy and gravelly Colton

soils along streams; and areas of very deep Potsdam

and Berkshire soils on footslopes where bedrock is

deeper than 60 inches. Also included are areas of

soils and rock outcrops that are both steeper than the

Tunbridge and Lyman soils. Included areas range to

40 acres and make up about 20 percent of this unit.

Important properties of the Tunbridge soil—
St. Lawrence County, New York 73

Permeability: Moderate or moderately rapid throughout

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Moderate

Soil reaction: Extremely acid to moderately acid in the

surface layer and the subsoil and strongly acid to

slightly acid in the substratum

Erosion hazard: Severe

Depth to water table: More than 6 feet throughout the

year

Depth to bedrock: 20 to 40 inches

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Important properties of the Lyman soil—

Permeability: Moderately rapid throughout

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Very low or low

Soil reaction: Extremely acid to moderately acid

throughout

Erosion hazard: Severe

Depth to water table: More than 6 feet

Depth to bedrock: 10 to 20 inches

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Most areas of these soils are forested.

These soils are unsuited to row crops because of

steep slopes, rock outcrops, low available moisture

capacity on the Lyman soil, and low soil fertility.

Erosion is a severe hazard.

These soils are poorly suited to pasture because of

steepness of slope, rock outcrops, low available water

capacity, and low fertility. Excessive erosion is hazard.

These soils need to be protected against overgrazing.

Plants could stabilize these soils, but available

moisture, natural fertility, and plant vigor are low and

intense cropping is not practical. If plants die and the

surface is bare, erosion is a severe hazard. Brush

control is also a management concern.

Potential productivity for trees on these soils is low

or moderate. Erosion is a hazard on bare soil. Laying

out logging roads and skid trails on the contour and

building water bars to protect roads and trails when

not in use help to control erosion. In some areas rock

outcrops impede use of planting and logging

equipment. On the droughty Lyman soil seedling

mortality is a severe hazard. Planting seedlings in

spring when the soil is still moist helps to increase

seedling survival. On the shallow Lyman soil depth to

bedrock restricts rooting depth of trees and windthrow

is a severe hazard. Minimizing clearcutting and

selecting naturally shallow-rooted trees help to reduce

windthrow.

Depth to bedrock on both the Tunbridge and Lyman

soils and excessive slope are the main limitations to

use of these soils as a site for dwellings with

basements. Building above bedrock and landscaping

with additional fill help to overcome depth to bedrock.

Structures could be designed to conform to slope. An

alternative is to build on included or nearby soils

deeper than the Tunbridge and Lyman soils.

Depth to bedrock on the Lyman soil and excessive

slope are severe limitations to use of these soils as a

site for local roads and streets. Moderate depth to

bedrock on the Tunbridge soil and potential for frost

action are also limitations. Changing grade and

alignment is needed to avoid rock removal and to

minimize cutting and filling. In some areas blasting is

needed. Providing coarser grained subgrade or base

material to frost depth helps to prevent frost action

from damaging pavement.

These soils are unsuitable to use as a site for septic

tank absorption fields because of slope and depth to

bedrock. The absorption field could be placed on

included or nearby soils that are better suited to this

use.

The capability subclass is 7s for the Tunbridge and

Lyman soils. The forestland ordination symbol is 3R for

the Tunbridge soil and 2D for the Lyman soil.

831F—Tunbridge-Lyman complex, 35 to

60 percent slopes, very rocky

This map unit consists of very steep soils on

backslopes and tops of large hills and mountains and

on networks of small hills and ridges. Typically, the

Tunbridge soil is on side slopes and footslopes of hills

and ridges, and the Lyman soil is on tops and

shoulders of hills and ridges. Scattered rock outcrops

take in about 2 to 10 percent of the surface area. Most

areas of this unit are long and narrow and are along

hillsides. Areas are 100 to 500 acres, but the range is

40 to 700 acres. The unit is about 45 percent

moderately deep, well drained Tunbridge soil, 30

percent shallow, somewhat excessively drained

Lyman soil, and 25 percent other soils and rock

outcrops. The Tunbridge and Lyman soils are

intermingled so closely that they could not be

separated at the scale selected for mapping.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Tunbridge soil—

 Surface layer:

0 to 2 inches, dark reddish brown silt loam

Subsurface layer:

2 to 3 inches, brown silt loam
74 Soil Survey

Subsoil:

3 to 19 inches, dark reddish brown and dark brown silt

loam

19 to 30 inches, dark yellowish brown gravelly very

fine sandy loam

Bedrock:

30 inches, granitic bedrock

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Lyman soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 3 inches, black silt loam

Subsurface layer:

3 to 4 inches, pinkish gray silt loam

Subsoil:

4 to 14 inches, reddish brown silt loam

Bedrock:

14 inches, granitic bedrock

Included with these soils in mapping, generally near

rock outcrops, are small areas of very shallow mineral

soils less than 10 inches deep over bedrock. Also

included are areas of very shallow to moderately deep,

organic Ricker soils; some small areas of excessive

boulders and stones; and areas of very poorly drained

Tughill soils and somewhat poorly drained and poorly

drained Adirondack soils in some low-lying positions.

Also included are areas of highly variable, mucky

Borosaprists and mineral Fluvaquents in narrow

troughs along floodplains; areas of sandy Adams soils

and sandy and gravelly Colton soils along streams;

areas of very deep Potsdam and Berkshire soils on

footslopes where bedrock is deeper than 60 inches;

and small areas of bedrock scarps. Included areas

range to 40 acres and make up about 25 percent of

this unit.

Important properties of the Tunbridge soil—

Permeability: Moderate or moderately rapid throughout

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Moderate

Soil reaction: Extremely acid to moderately acid in the

surface layer and the subsoil and strongly acid to

slightly acid in the substratum

Erosion hazard: Severe

Depth to water table: More than 6 feet throughout the

year

Depth to bedrock: 20 to 40 inches

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Important properties of the Lyman soil—

Permeability: Moderately rapid throughout

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Very low or low

Soil reaction: Extremely acid to moderately acid

throughout

Erosion hazard: Severe

Depth to water table: More than 6 feet

Depth to bedrock: 10 to 20 inches

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

These soils are forested.

These soils are unsuited to agriculture because of

excessive steepness. Numerous rock outcrops are

also a limitation. Very steep slopes and rock outcrops

limit use of farm equipment. These soils are too steep

for pasture. If they are wet and very weak, animal

traffic can easily shear and dislodge them and erosion

is a hazard. These soils have little natural fertility and

available water holding capacity.

Potential productivity for trees on these soils is low

or moderate. Erosion is a severe hazard on bare soil.

Laying out logging roads and skid trails on the contour

and building water bars to protect roads and trails

when not in use help to control erosion. Avoiding

clearcutting also helps to prevent excessive erosion.

Rock outcrops and very steep slopes are hazardous

to use of planting and logging equipment. On the

droughty Lyman soil, the seedling mortality rate is

severe. Planting seedlings in spring when the soil is

still moist helps to increase the rate of seedling

survival. On the shallow Lyman soil depth to bedrock

restricts the rooting depth of trees, and windthrow is a

severe hazard. Minimizing clearcutting and thinning

and selecting naturally shallow-rooted trees help to

reduce windthrow.

These soils are unsuited to urban development

because of slope, rock outcrops, and shallow depth to

bedrock. However, included or nearby soils that are

less sloping and more favorable than the Tunbridge

and Lyman soils, such as Potsdam soils, could be

used for most urban development.

The capability subclass is 7s for the Tunbridge and

Lyman soils. The forestland ordination symbol is 3R for

the Tunbridge soil and 2R for the Lyman soil.

833C—Tunbridge-Adirondack-Lyman

complex, rolling, very bouldery

This map unit consists of nearly level to steep,

shallow to very deep soils formed in glacial till on tops

and intervening basins within networks of low hills.

Typically, the moderately deep, well drained Tunbridge
St. Lawrence County, New York 75

soil and the shallow, somewhat excessively drained

Lyman soil are on tops and sides of hummocks or

small knolls. The very deep, somewhat poorly drained

Adirondack soil is in depressions between knolls.

Boulders about 10 to 70 feet apart and stones cover

0.1 to 3 percent of the surface. The unit is about 55

percent Tunbridge soil, 25 percent Adirondack soil, 10

percent Lyman soil, and 10 percent other soils and

rock outcrops. Most areas of this unit are irregular in

shape. Areas are 200 to 1,000 acres, but the range is

100 to 1,500 acres. Slopes generally are complex and

range from 0 to 25 percent, but do not exceed 15

percent on the Adirondack soil. The Tunbridge,

Adirondack, and Lyman soils are intermingled so

closely that they could not be separated at the scale

selected for mapping.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Tunbridge soil—

 Surface layer:

0 to 2 inches, dark reddish brown silt loam

Subsurface layer:

2 to 3 inches, brown silt loam

Subsoil:

3 to 19 inches, dark reddish brown and dark brown silt

loam

19 to 30 inches, dark yellowish brown gravelly very

fine sandy loam

Bedrock:

30 inches, granitic bedrock

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Adirondack soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 2 inches, slightly decomposed forest litter

2 to 3 inches, black highly decomposed organic matter

3 to 8 inches, black fine sandy loam

Subsurface layer:

8 to 10 inches, gray stony fine sandy loam

Subsoil:

10 to 13 inches, dark reddish brown stony fine sandy

loam

13 to 17 inches, dark reddish brown stony loam

17 to 22 inches, reddish brown stony sandy loam

Substratum:

22 to 72 inches, dark grayish brown stony sandy loam

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Lyman soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 3 inches, black silt loam

Subsurface layer:

3 to 4 inches, pinkish gray silt loam

Subsoil:

4 to 14 inches, reddish brown silt loam

Bedrock:

14 inches, granitic bedrock

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

moderately well drained Crary and Sunapee soils on

strongly sloping knolls. Also included are areas of

mucky, very poorly drained Loxley and Dawson soils in

low depressions, areas of sandy Adams soils on

narrow terraces along streams, and some small areas

of exposed bedrock. Also included are small areas of

steeper soils and bedrock scarps. Included areas

range to 40 acres and make up about 10 percent of

this unit.

Important properties of the Tunbridge soil—

Permeability: Moderate or moderately rapid throughout

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Moderate

Soil reaction: Extremely acid to moderately acid in the

surface layer and the subsoil and strongly acid to

slightly acid in the substratum

Erosion hazard: Severe

Depth to water table: More than 6 feet throughout the

year

Depth to bedrock: 20 to 40 inches

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Important properties of the Adirondack soil—

Permeability: Moderate in the mineral part of the

surface layer and subsoil and slow in the

substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Moderate

Soil reaction: Extremely acid or very strongly acid in

the organic surface layer, extremely acid to

strongly acid in the upper part of the subsoil, very

strongly acid or strongly acid in the lower part of

the subsoil, and strongly acid or moderately acid

in the substratum

Erosion hazard: Moderate

Depth to water table: Perched at a depth of 0.5 to 1.5

feet below the surface from September to May

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Important properties of the Lyman soil—
76 Soil Survey

Permeability: Moderately rapid throughout

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Very low or low

Soil reaction: Extremely acid to moderately acid

throughout

Erosion hazard: Severe

Depth to water table: More than 6 feet

Depth to bedrock: 10 to 20 inches

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Most areas of these soils are in low-quality

woodland.

These soils are poorly suited to cultivated crops

because of numerous boulders on the surface,

wetness on the Adirondack soil, rolling slopes on the

Tunbridge and Lyman soils, shallow depth to bedrock

on the Lyman soil, and rock outcrops.

These soils are poorly suited to pasture and hay

because of numerous boulders on the surface,

wetness on the Adirondack soil, and droughtiness on

the Lyman soil. Wetness on the Adirondack soil limits

the season the soil can be used as pasture. Animal

traffic on the Tunbridge, Adirondack, and Lyman soils

when wet destabilizes them. If the Lyman and

Tunbridge soils are grazed when wet or are

overgrazed, erosion is a hazard. Restricting animals

from pasture in spring and fall, maintaining proper

stocking rates, and using rotational grazing between

pastures help to prolong pasture seedlings and to

control erosion.

Potential productivity for trees on these soils is low

or moderate. On the Adirondack soil, deep rutting is a

hazard if the soil is used for skidder traffic during

wetter times of the year. On the Tunbridge and Lyman

soils, erosion is a hazard, especially in steeper areas.

If log skidders erode and rut the soil, runoff collects in

and erodes the ruts into gullies. On the shallow

Adirondack soil, erosion is a severe hazard and

logging in winter when the ground is frozen helps to

control erosion and to prevent rutting and tearing up

the surface. Constructing logging roads and skid trails

on the contour and building water bars to protect roads

and trails when not in use help to control erosion.

Shallow depth to bedrock on the Lyman soil and the

high water table on the Adirondack soil limit root

development, and windthrow is a hazard on these

soils. Minimizing clearcutting helps to reduce

windthrow and to control erosion.

These soils are poorly suited to use as a site for

dwellings with basements. They are excessively wet

and steep or are too shallow to bedrock for dwellings

with basements. Dwellings could be built on nearby or

included, more favorable soils, such as Sunapee soils,

which have a seasonal high water table but are better

suited to this use than the Tunbridge, Adirondack, and

Lyman soils.

These soils are poorly suited to use as a site for

local roads and streets because of excessive slope,

potential for frost action, excessive wetness,

shallowness to bedrock, and rock outcrops. Building

on raised fill material and installing adequate drainage

help to reduce wetness, or wet sites could be avoided.

Changing grade and alignment or blasting helps to

overcome problems from depth to bedrock, or sites

with shallow depth to bedrock could be avoided.

Constructing roads on the contour, cutting and filling to

control grade, and changing road alignment help to

overcome slope. Providing coarser grained subgrade

or base material to frost depth helps to prevent frost

action from damaging pavement.

These soils are unsuitable to use as a site for septic

tank absorption fields because of excessive wetness,

shallow depth to bedrock, and excessive slope. The

absorption field could be placed on more favorable,

deeper, drier, and less sloping included or nearby

soils, such as Sunapee soils, that have a seasonal

high water but are better suited to septic tank

absorption fields than the Tunbridge, Adirondack, and

Lyman soils.

The capability subclass is 6s for the Tunbridge,

Adirondack, and Lyman soils. The forestland ordination

symbol is 3A for the Tunbridge soil, 3W for the

Adirondack soil, and 2D for the Lyman soil.

835C—Tunbridge-Borosaprists-Ricker

complex, rolling, very rocky

This map unit consists of nearly level to steep, very

shallow to very deep soils formed in glacial till and in

organic deposits on broad valley floors. Typically, the

moderately deep, well drained Tunbridge soil is on

strongly sloping to steep bedrock-controlled knolls,

small hills, and ridges, which protrude through nearly

level, wet organic deposits, generally on valley floors

mapped predominantly as very poorly drained

Borosaprists. The Ricker soil is very shallow to

moderately deep, well drained, and organic. It is on

side slopes of small, bedrock-controlled hills and

ridges, generally near the Tunbridge soil. Scattered

rock outcrops cover about 2 to 10 percent of the

surface. The unit is about 45 percent Tunbridge soil, 20

percent Borosaprists, 15 percent Ricker soil, and 20

percent other soils and rock outcrops. Most areas of

this unit are irregular in shape. Areas are 200 to 1,000

acres, but the range is 100 to 1,500 acres. Slopes are

generally complex and range from 0 to 25 percent.

Borosaprists range from 0 to 1 percent slope. The
St. Lawrence County, New York 77

Tunbridge soil, Borosaprists, and the Ricker soil are

intermingled so closely that they could not be

separated at the scale selected for mapping.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Tunbridge soil—

 Surface layer:

0 to 2 inches, dark reddish brown silt loam

Subsurface layer:

2 to 3 inches, brown silt loam

Subsoil:

3 to 19 inches, dark reddish brown and dark brown silt

loam

19 to 30 inches, dark yellowish brown gravelly very

fine sandy loam

Bedrock:

30 inches, granitic bedrock

Borosaprists are highly variable and therefore do

not have a typical sequence of layers. However, in

most areas more than 16 inches of black organic

material overlies sandy loam. Bedrock is generally at a

depth of more than 60 inches.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Ricker soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 1 inch, dark yellowish brown slightly decomposed

organic material (peat)

Subsoil:

1 to 3 inches, dark yellowish brown moderately

decomposed organic material (mucky peat)

Substratum:

3 to 4 inches, very dark grayish brown loamy sand

Bedrock:

4 inches, granitic gneiss

Included with these soils in mapping are small

areas of moderately well drained Crary and Sunapee

soils on slight benches, areas of poorly drained Lyme

soils and somewhat poorly drained and poorly drained

Adirondack soils, and areas of very poorly drained

Tughill soils on footslopes and toeslopes of

surrounding uplands and on slight hummocks on

broad valley floors. Also included are small areas of

shallow Lyman soils where bedrock is less than 20

inches below the surface, commonly near rock

outcrops; areas of sandy Adams soils on narrow

terraces along streams; and some areas of bedrock

scarps. Included areas range to 40 acres and make up

about 20 percent of this unit.

Important properties of the Tunbridge soil—

Permeability: Moderate or moderately rapid throughout

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Moderate

Soil reaction: Extremely acid to moderately acid in the

surface layer and the subsoil and strongly acid to

slightly acid in the substratum

Erosion hazard: Severe

Depth to water table: More than 6 feet throughout the

year

Depth to bedrock: 20 to 40 inches

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Important properties of Borosaprists—

Permeability: Moderately slow to moderately rapid in

the organic material and moderately slow to rapid

in the mineral substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): High

Soil reaction: Extremely acid in the organic material

and very strongly acid to slightly acid in the

mineral substratum

Erosion hazard: Slight

Depth to water table: From 1 foot above the surface to

1 foot below from October to July

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Important properties of the Ricker soil—

Permeability: Moderately rapid in the organic layers

and moderate or moderately rapid in the mineral

substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Very low to high

Soil reaction: Extremely acid in the organic layers and

extremely acid to very strongly acid in the mineral

substratum

Erosion hazard: Severe

Depth to water table: More than 6 feet throughout the

year

Depth to bedrock: 2 to 26 inches

Potential for frost action: Low

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Most areas of these soils are in low-quality

woodland or in brushland.

These soils are unsuited to cultivated crops

because of excessive wetness on Borosaprists, the

rolling topography on the Tunbridge and Ricker soils,
78 Soil Survey

shallow depth to bedrock on the Ricker soil, and rock

outcrops.

These soils are poorly suited to pasture or hay

because of excessive wetness on Borosaprists and

fragility on Borosaprists and the Ricker soil. Wetness

on Borosaprists limits the season they can be used as

pasture; animal traffic destabilizes these organic soils

when wet and very weak. If the Tunbridge and Ricker

soils are grazed when wet or overgrazed at other

times, erosion is a hazard.

Potential productivity for trees on this soil is low or

moderate. On the shallow and very shallow Ricker soil,

little moisture is available for much of the year and the

seedling mortality rate is excessive. The seedling

mortality rate is also excessive on wet Borosaprists.

Timely planting when the soils are moist, but not wet,

and selecting adaptable varieties help to reduce the

seedling mortality rate. Shallow depth to bedrock on

the Ricker soil and the seasonal high water table on

Borosaprists limit root development, and the

windthrow hazard is severe on these soils.

Minimizing thinning and planting shallow-rooted

species help to reduce windthrow. On Borosaprists the

seasonal high water table limits use of heavy

equipment in spring and during other wet periods.

Logging when the surface is dry or in winter when it is

frozen reduces the problems from heavy equipment

use.

These soils are unsuitable to use as a site for

dwellings with basements. They are excessively wet,

excessively steep, or too shallow to bedrock for this

use. Dwellings could be built on more favorable,

nearby or included soils, such as Sunapee soils, which

have a seasonal high water table but are better suited

to this use than the Tunbridge soil, Borosaprists, and

the Ricker soil.

These soils are poorly suited to local roads and

streets because of excessive slope, potential for frost

action, excessive wetness, shallowness to bedrock,

and rock outcrops. Changing grade and alignment or

blasting helps to overcome problems from bedrock, or

sites with shallow depth to bedrock can be avoided.

Constructing roads on the contour, cutting and filling

to control grade, and changing alignment help

to overcome slope. Providing coarser grained

subgrade or base material to frost depth helps

to prevent frost action from damaging

pavement.

These soils are unsuitable to use as a site for septic

tank absorption fields because of excessive wetness,

shallow depth to bedrock, and excessive slope. The

absorption field could be placed on more favorable,

deeper, drier, and less sloping included or nearby

soils, such as Sunapee soils, which have a seasonal

high water table but are better suited to septic tank

absorption fields.

The capability subclass is 6s for the Tunbridge soil,

5w for Borosaprists, and 7s for the Ricker soil. The

forestland ordination symbol is 3A for the Tunbridge

soil and 2D for the Ricker soil. Borosaprists were not

assigned an ordination symbol.

861C—Lyman-Ricker-Rock outcrop

complex, 3 to 15 percent slopes, very

bouldery

This map unit consists of gently sloping and

strongly sloping, very shallow and shallow soils and

Rock outcrop on ridges and on the upper backslopes

and tops of hills and mountains. Boulders and stones

occupy 0.1 to 3 percent of the surface. Areas of this

unit are 100 to 300 acres, but the range is 40 to 700

acres. The unit is about 45 percent somewhat

excessively drained, shallow Lyman soil; 20 percent

well drained, very shallow and shallow Ricker soil; 20

percent Rock outcrop; and 15 percent other soils. The

Lyman and Ricker soils and areas of Rock outcrop are

intermingled so closely that they could not be

separated at the scale selected for mapping.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Lyman soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 3 inches, black silt loam

Subsurface layer:

3 to 4 inches, pinkish gray silt loam

Subsoil:

4 to 14 inches, reddish brown silt loam

Bedrock:

14 inches, granitic bedrock

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Ricker soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 1 inch, dark yellowish brown slightly decomposed

organic material (peat)

Subsoil:

1 to 3 inches, dark yellowish brown moderately

decomposed organic material (mucky peat)

Substratum:

3 to 4 inches, very dark grayish brown loamy sand

Bedrock:

4 inches, granitic gneiss

Included with these soils and Rock outcrop in
St. Lawrence County, New York 79

mapping are small areas of very deep Potsdam soils

and moderately deep Tunbridge soils. Also included

are small areas of very deep Berkshire and Colton

soils on side slopes of well defined stream channels;

some small areas of very poorly drained, moderately

deep organic soils; and some small areas of poorly

drained and very deep Lyme soils, somewhat poorly

drained and poorly drained Adirondack soils, and very

poorly drained Tughill soils. Included areas range to 40

acres and make up about 15 percent of this unit.

Important properties of the Lyman soil—

Permeability: Moderately rapid throughout

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Very low or low

Soil reaction: Extremely acid to moderately acid

throughout

Erosion hazard: Severe

Depth to water table: More than 6 feet

Depth to bedrock: 10 to 20 inches

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Important properties of the Ricker soil—

Permeability: Moderately rapid in the organic layers

and moderate or moderately rapid in the mineral

substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Very low to high

Soil reaction: Extremely acid in the organic layers and

extremely acid to very strongly acid in the mineral

substratum

Erosion hazard: Severe

Depth to water table: More than 6 feet throughout the

year

Depth to bedrock: 2 to 20 inches

Potential for frost action: Low

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Most areas of these soils are woodland.

These soils are unsuitable for cultivation because of

shallowness to bedrock on both the Ricker and Lyman

soils and numerous boulders on the surface.

Equipment use is not practical on these soils.

These soils are unsuitable to hay and pasture

because of shallow depth to bedrock on the Lyman

and Ricker soils, rock outcrops, numerous boulders on

the surface, and the erosion hazard. The Ricker soil is

very fragile and is subject to mechanical abrasion and,

on pasture, to shearing from animal traffic. If the

Ricker soil is disturbed, erosion down to bedrock is a

hazard. These soils, which have numerous boulders

and included scarps, are untraversable.

Potential productivity for trees on these soils is low.

These very shallow and shallow soils have little

available moisture for much of the year. The seedling

mortality rate can be excessive because of

droughtiness. Timely planting when the soil is moist,

but not wet, and selecting adaptable species help to

reduce the seedling mortality rate. The windthrow

hazard is severe because shallow depth to bedrock

limits root development. Minimizing thinning and

planting shallow-rooted species help to reduce

windthrow.

These soils are unsuited to use as a site for

dwellings with basements. Shallow depth to bedrock

and rock outcrops impede excavations. Dwellings

could be built on nearby or included, more favorable

soils, such as Potsdam soils, that have few limitations

to this use.

These soils are poorly suited to use as a site for

local roads and streets because of shallow depth to

bedrock, rock outcrops, and scattered escarpments. In

many areas blasting is needed in cutting and filling to

control grade and alignment. However, some included

soils are better suited to local roads and streets.

These soils are too shallow to bedrock for use as a

site for septic tank absorption fields. These very

shallow and shallow soils are a poor filter of sewage

effluent. Partially filtered sewage effluent can either

flow through a crack or fissure in bedrock and

contaminate ground water or it can seep out at the

surface and contaminate surface water. The

absorption field could be placed on included or nearby

soils that are more favorable to septic tank absorption

fields.

The capability subclass is 6s for the Lyman soil, 7s

for the Ricker soil, and 8 for Rock outcrop. The

forestland ordination symbol is 2D for the Lyman and

Ricker soils. Rock outcrop was not assigned an

ordination symbol.

861D—Lyman-Ricker-Rock outcrop

complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes, very

bouldery

This map unit consists of moderately steep and

steep, very shallow and shallow soils and Rock

outcrop on ridges and on upper backslopes and tops

of hills and mountains. Boulders about 10 to 70 feet

apart and stones cover 0.1 to 3 percent of the surface.

Areas of this unit are 100 to 400 acres, but the range

is 40 to 1,000 acres. The unit is about 45 percent

somewhat excessively drained, shallow Lyman soil; 20

percent well drained, very shallow and shallow Ricker

soil; 20 percent Rock outcrop; and 15 percent other

soils. The Lyman and Ricker soils and areas of Rock
80 Soil Survey

outcrop are intermingled so closely that they could not

be separated at the scale selected for mapping.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Lyman soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 3 inches, black silt loam

Subsurface layer:

3 to 4 inches, pinkish gray silt loam

Subsoil:

4 to 14 inches, reddish brown silt loam

Bedrock:

14 inches, granitic bedrock

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Ricker soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 1 inch, dark yellowish brown slightly decomposed

organic material (peat)

Subsoil:

1 to 3 inches, dark yellowish brown moderately

decomposed organic material (mucky peat)

Substratum

3 to 4 inches, very dark grayish brown loamy sand

Bedrock:

4 inches, granitic gneiss

Included with these soils in mapping are small

areas of very deep Potsdam soils and moderately

deep Tunbridge soils. Also included are small areas of

very deep Berkshire and Colton soils on side slopes

along well defined stream channels, some small areas

of bedrock escarpments, and some areas that are less

sloping than the Lyman and Ricker soils. Also included

are some small areas of very poorly drained,

moderately deep organic soils in depressions and

some small areas of poorly drained, very deep Tughill

soils. Included areas range to 40 acres and make up

about 15 percent of this unit.

Important properties of the Lyman soil—

Permeability: Moderately rapid throughout

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Very low or low

Soil reaction: Extremely acid to moderately acid

throughout

Erosion hazard: Severe

Depth to water table: More than 6 feet

Depth to bedrock: 10 to 20 inches

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Important properties of the Ricker soil—

Permeability: Moderately rapid in the organic layers

and moderate or moderately rapid in the mineral

substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Very low to high

Soil reaction: Extremely acid in the organic layers and

extremely acid to very strongly acid in the mineral

substratum

Erosion hazard: Severe

Depth to water table: More than 6 feet throughout the

year

Depth to bedrock: 2 to 20 inches

Potential for frost action: Low

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Most areas of these soils are woodland.

These soils are unsuitable for cultivation because of

the erosion hazard, steepness, shallowness to

bedrock on the Ricker and Lyman soils, and numerous

boulders on the surface. Use of equipment is not

practical on these soils.

These soils are unsuitable for hay and pasture

because of the hazard of erosion, many boulders on

the surface, shallow depth to bedrock on the Lyman

and Ricker soils, and rock outcrops. The Ricker soil is

very fragile and is subject to mechanical abrasion and

on pasture is easily sheared from animal traffic. If the

Ricker soil is disturbed, erosion down to bedrock is a

hazard. These soils have numerous boulders and

escarpments, and are untraversable.

Potential productivity for trees on these soils is low.

These shallow and very shallow soils have little

available moisture much of the year. Erosion is a

hazard. Laying out roads and skid trails on the contour

and building water bars to protect roads and trails

when not in use help to control erosion. The seedling

mortality rate is excessive because of droughtiness.

Timely planting when the soil is moist, but not wet, and

selecting adaptable species help to reduce the

seedling mortality rate. The windthrow hazard is

severe because depth to bedrock limits root

development. Minimizing thinning and planting

shallow-rooted species help to reduce windthrow.

These soils are unsuited to use as a site for

dwellings with basements. Excavation is difficult

because of shallow depth to bedrock and rock

outcrops. Excessive slope is also a limitation.

Dwellings could be built on nearby or included, more

favorable soils, such as moderately sloping Potsdam

soils, that have few limitations to this use.

These soils are poorly suited to local roads and

streets because of very shallow and shallow depth to
St. Lawrence County, New York 81

bedrock, rock outcrops, and scattered escarpments.

Excessive slope is also a limitation. In some areas

blasting is needed in cutting and filling to control grade

and alignment. An alternative is to lay out local roads

and streets on included soils that are better suited to

this use.

These soils are too shallow to bedrock for use as a

site for septic tank absorption fields. The soils are a

poor filter of sewage effluent. Partially filtered effluent

can either flow through a crack or fissure in bedrock

and contaminate ground water or it can seep out at the

surface and contaminate surface water. Excessive

slope is also a limitation. The absorption field could be

placed on included or nearby soils that are more

favorable to this use.

The capability subclass is 7s for the Lyman and

Ricker soils and 8 for Rock outcrop. The forestland

ordination symbol is 2D for the Lyman and Ricker

soils. Rock outcrop was not assigned an ordination

symbol.

861F—Lyman-Ricker-Rock outcrop

complex, 35 to 60 percent slopes, very

bouldery

This map unit consists of steep and very steep,

very shallow and shallow soils and Rock outcrop on

ridges and on the steepest parts of upper backslopes

of hills and mountains. Boulders about 10 to 70 feet

apart and stones cover 0.1 to 3 percent of the surface.

Areas of this unit are 100 to 200 acres, but the range

is 40 to 400 acres. The unit is about 40 percent

somewhat excessively drained, shallow Lyman soil;

25 percent well drained, very shallow and shallow

Ricker soil; 20 percent Rock outcrop; and 15 percent

other soils. The Lyman and Ricker soils and areas of

Rock outcrop are intermingled so closely that they

could not be separated at the scale selected for

mapping.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Lyman soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 3 inches, black silt loam

Subsurface layer:

3 to 4 inches, pinkish gray silt loam

Subsoil:

4 to 14 inches, reddish brown silt loam

Bedrock:

14 inches, granitic bedrock

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Ricker soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 1 inch, dark yellowish brown slightly decomposed

organic material (peat)

Subsoil:

1 to 3 inches, dark yellowish brown moderately

decomposed organic material (mucky peat)

Substratum:

3 to 4 inches, very dark grayish brown loamy sandy

Bedrock:

4 inches, granitic gneiss

Included with these soils in mapping are small

areas of very deep Potsdam soils and moderately

deep Tunbridge soils. Also included are some less

sloping areas; some small areas of very poorly

drained, moderately deep organic soils in depressions;

and small areas of poorly drained, very deep Lyme

soils, somewhat poorly drained and poorly drained,

very deep Adirondack soils, and very poorly drained,

very deep Tughill soils in concave areas. Included

areas range to 40 acres and make up about 15

percent of this unit.

Important properties of the Lyman soil—

Permeability: Moderately rapid throughout

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Very low or low

Soil reaction: Extremely acid to moderately acid

throughout

Erosion hazard: Severe

Depth to water table: More than 6 feet

Depth to bedrock: 10 to 20 inches

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Important properties of the Ricker soil—

Permeability: Moderately rapid in the organic layers

and moderate or moderately rapid in the mineral

substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Very low to high

Soil reaction: Extremely acid in the organic layers and

extremely acid to very strongly acid in the mineral

substratum

Erosion hazard: Severe

Depth to water table: More than 6 feet throughout the

year

Depth to bedrock: 2 to 20 inches

Potential for frost action: Low

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Most areas of these soils are woodland.
82 Soil Survey

These soils are unsuitable for agriculture because

of the severe erosion hazard, extreme slope,

excessive rock outcrops, droughtiness, and numerous

boulders on the surface.

Potential productivity for trees on these soils is low.

Erosion is a severe hazard. Laying out roads and skid

trails on the contour and building water bars to protect

roads and trails when not in use help to control

erosion. In some areas equipment use is impractical or

hazardous because of excessive slope. The seedling

mortality rate can be excessive because of

droughtiness. Timely planting when the soil is moist,

but not wet, and selecting adaptable species help to

reduce the seedling mortality rate. The windthrow

hazard is moderate because depth to bedrock limits

root development. Minimizing thinning and planting

shallow-rooted species help to reduce windthrow.

These soils are unsuited to use as a site for urban

development because of excessive slope, rock

outcrops, and shallowness to bedrock. Included or

nearby, less sloping, more favorable soils could be

used for urban development. For example, less sloping

Potsdam soils have fewer limitations than the Lyman

and Ricker soils for most urban development.

The capability subclass is 7s for the Lyman soil and

8 for the Ricker soil and Rock outcrop. The forestland

ordination symbol is 2R for the Lyman and Ricker

soils. Rock outcrop was not assigned an ordination

symbol.

891F—Rock outcrop-Ricker-Lyman

complex, 35 to 60 percent slopes, very

bouldery

This map unit consists of steep and very steep,

very shallow and shallow soils and rock outcrops on

ridges and the steepest parts of upper backslopes of

hills and mountains. Boulders about 10 to 70 feet apart

and stones cover 0.1 to 3 percent of the surface.

Areas of this unit are 100 to 200 acres, but the range

is 40 to 400 acres. The unit is about 45 percent Rock

outcrop; 20 percent well drained, very shallow and

shallow Ricker soil; 20 percent somewhat excessively

drained, shallow Lyman soil; and 15 percent other

soils. Areas of Rock outcrop and the Lyman and

Ricker soils are intermingled so closely that they

could not be separated at the scale selected for

mapping.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Ricker soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 1 inch, dark yellowish brown slightly decomposed

organic material (peat)

Subsoil:

1 to 3 inches, dark yellowish brown moderately

decomposed organic material (mucky peat)

Substratum:

3 to 4 inches, very dark grayish brown loamy sand

Bedrock:

4 inches, granitic gneiss

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Lyman soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 3 inches, black silt loam

Subsurface layer:

3 to 4 inches, pinkish gray silt loam

Subsoil:

4 to 14 inches, reddish brown silt loam

Bedrock:

14 inches, granitic bedrock

Included with Rock outcrop and these soils in

mapping are small areas of very deep Potsdam and

Crary soils and moderately deep Tunbridge soils. Also

included are some less sloping areas. Included areas

range to 40 acres and make up about 15 percent of

this unit.

Important properties of the Ricker soil—

Permeability: Moderately rapid in the organic layers

and moderate or moderately rapid in the mineral

substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Very low to high

Soil reaction: Extremely acid in the organic layers and

extremely acid to very strongly acid in the mineral

substratum

Erosion hazard: Severe

Depth to water table: More than 6 feet throughout the

year

Depth to bedrock: 2 to 20 inches

Potential for frost action: Low

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Important properties of the Lyman soil—

Permeability: Moderately rapid throughout

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Very low or low

Soil reaction: Extremely acid to moderately acid

throughout

Erosion hazard: Severe

Depth to water table: More than 6 feet

Depth to bedrock: 10 to 20 inches
St. Lawrence County, New York 83

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Most areas of these soils are sparse woodland.

These soils are unsuitable for agriculture because

of excessive rock outcrops, the severe erosion hazard,

extreme slope, droughtiness, and numerous boulders

on the surface.

Potential productivity for trees on these soils is low

because of rock outcrops and very shallow and

shallow soils. Erosion is a severe hazard. Laying out

roads and skid trails on the contour and building water

bars to protect roads and trails when not in use help to

control erosion. In some areas equipment use is

impractical or hazardous because of excessive slope.

The seedling mortality rate is excessive because of

droughtiness. Timely planting when the soil is moist,

but not wet, and selecting adaptable varieties help

to reduce the seedling mortality rate. Windthrow is

a moderate hazard because depth to bedrock

limits root development. Minimizing thinning and

planting shallow-rooted species help to reduce

windthrow.

These soils are unsuited to urban development

because of rock outcrops, shallowness to bedrock,

and excessive slope. Included or nearby, less sloping,

more favorable soils could be used for urban

development. For example, less sloping Potsdam soils

have fewer limitations than the Ricker and Lyman soils

for most urban development.

The capability subclass is 8 for Rock outcrop and

the Ricker soil and 7s for the Lyman soil. The

forestland ordination symbol is 2R for the Ricker and

Lyman soils. Rock outcrop was not assigned an

ordination symbol.

AaB—Adams sand, 2 to 8 percent slopes

This is a very deep, gently sloping, somewhat

excessively drained soil on rises, on broad hilltops,

and in other elevated areas on sand plains and other

sandy deposits. Most areas of this soil are irregular in

shape. Areas are 6 to 20 acres, but the range is 6 to

100 acres.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers in the Adams soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 7 inches—dark brown sand

Subsurface layer:

7 to 8 inches—pinkish gray sand

Subsoil:

8 to 13 inches—dark brown and yellowish red loamy

sand

13 to 20 inches—strong brown sand

Substratum:

20 to 72 inches—light yellowish brown sand

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

somewhat poorly drained and poorly drained

Naumburg soils and very poorly drained Searsport

soils in low areas and along drainageways. Also

included are small areas of Flackville soils near

margins of lake plains and marine plains, where

underlying clay deposits are within 20 to 40 inches of

the surface; areas of loamy Berkshire, Potsdam, and

Pyrities soils on knolls commonly of stony glacial till;

and some areas of gravelly Colton and Waddington

soils. A few small areas of sandy Udipsamments or

Dune land are also included. Included areas range to 6

acres and make up about 20 percent of the map unit.

The important properties of the Adams soil—

Permeability: Rapid in the surface layer and subsoil

and very rapid in the substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch profile):

Very low

Soil reaction: Very strongly acid to moderately acid in

the surface layer and the subsoil and very strongly

acid to slightly acid in the substratum

Erosion hazard: Moderate

Depth to water table: Below a depth of 6 feet

throughout the year

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: Low

Shrink swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Most areas of this soil are forested. Some cleared

areas are reverting to brush or woodland or are

barren. A few areas are used for agriculture.

This soil is poorly suited to cultivated crops.

Droughtiness is a major problem because the sandy

textures of this soil hold little water available for plants.

The soil is also subject to wind erosion and has little

natural fertility. Planting long-term sod crops and

planting and maintaining windbreaks help to control

wind erosion. Adding manure, lime, and fertilizer

according to soil tests helps to improve fertility.

Irrigation generally is cost effective only for such highvalue crops as strawberries.

This soil is poorly suited to hay and pasture

because it is droughty and has little natural fertility. If

the soil has been cleared for seeding or the pasture

overgrazed, erosion is a severe hazard. Maintaining a

vegetative cover and restricting grazing help to control

erosion. Adding fertilizer, lime, and organic matter help
84 Soil Survey

to improve fertility and to sustain beneficial plants.

Adding crop residue and other organic matter to the

soil helps to increase available water capacity. Proper

stocking rates and pasture rotation help to protect the

desirable plant species subject to overgrazing during

dry periods.

Potential productivity for sugar maple on this soil is

moderate. The seedling mortality rate is severe

because of droughtiness. Timely planting when the soil

is moist but not wet and selecting adaptable species

help to reduce the seedling mortality rate.

This soil is suited to use as a site for dwellings with

basements. Cutbanks caving in is a hazard during

construction. For personal safety, before deep, narrow

excavations are entered cutbanks need to be shored

up and buttressed to prevent cave-ins.

This soil is well suited to local roads and streets.

Very rapid permeability is a severe limitation to use

of this soil as a site for septic tank absorption fields.

The soil is a poor filter of sewage effluent, and groundwater contamination is a hazard. Included or nearby

areas of Pyrities and Berkshire soils are better suited

to this use.

This soil is a good source of sand.

The capability subclass is 4s. The forestland

ordination symbol is 3S.

AaC—Adams sand, rolling

This is a very deep, rolling, somewhat excessively

drained soil in hummocky areas and on side slopes of

sand plains and other sandy deposits. Areas of this

soil are mostly irregular in shape. Most areas are 6 to

20 acres, but the range is 6 to 100 acres. Typically,

slopes are complex and range from 5 to 15 percent.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers in the Adams soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 7 inches—dark brown sand

Subsurface layer:

7 to 8 inches—pinkish gray sand

Subsoil:

8 to 13 inches—dark brown and yellowish red loamy

sand

13 to 20 inches—strong brown sand

Substratum:

20 to 72 inches—light yellowish brown sand

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

somewhat poorly drained and poorly drained

Naumburg soils and very poorly drained Searsport

soils in low areas and along drainageways. Also

included are areas of Flackville soils near margins of

lake plains and marine plains, where underlying clay

deposits are within 20 to 40 inches of the surface;

areas of loamy Berkshire, Potsdam, and Pyrities soils

where knolls of glacial till protrude above the sand;

and areas of Colton and Waddington soils, which are

more gravelly than the Adams soil. Also included are

some small areas of sandy Udipsamments or Dune

land. Included areas range to 6 acres, and make up

about 20 percent of the map unit.

The important properties of the Adams soil—

Permeability: Rapid in the surface layer and subsoil

and very rapid in the substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Very low

Soil reaction: Very strongly acid to moderately acid in

the surface layer and the subsoil and very strongly

acid to slightly acid in the substratum

Erosion hazard: Severe

Depth to water table: Below a depth of 6 feet

throughout the year

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: Low

Shrink swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Most areas of this soil are forested. Some cleared

areas are reverting to brushland or woodland or are

barren.

This soil is poorly suited to cultivated crops. It is

subject to both wind and water erosion, is droughty,

and has low natural fertility. Conservation tillage and

crop rotations that include sod crops help to control

erosion, particularly in the steeper areas. Adding

manure, lime, and fertilizer according to soil tests

helps to improve fertility. Irrigation generally is cost

effective only for such high-value crops as

strawberries. Adding manure helps to improve waterholding capacity and to overcome droughtiness.

This soil is poorly suited to hayland and pasture

because it is droughty and has low fertility. If pasture is

overgrazed, the soil is subject to severe erosion,

especially in steeper areas. Maintaining a vegetative

cover and restricting grazing help to control erosion.

Adding fertilizer, lime, and organic matter improves

fertility and helps to sustain beneficial plants. Adding

crop residue and other organic matter to the soil helps

to increase available water capacity. Proper stocking

rates and pasture rotation help to protect desirable

plant varieties subject to overgrazing during dry

periods.

Potential productivity for sugar maple on this soil is

moderate. The seedling mortality rate is severe

because the soil is droughty. Planting in spring or fall
St. Lawrence County, New York 85

during optimum moisture conditions helps to reduce

the seedling mortality rate.

Slope is the main limitation to use of this soil as a

site for dwellings with basements. Designing buildings

to conform to the natural slope helps to overcome this

limitation. Also, in some areas land shaping could form

a level building site. Cutbanks caving in is a hazard

during construction. For personal safety, before deep,

narrow excavations are entered, cutbanks need to be

shored up and buttressed to prevent cave-ins. Erosion

is a hazard if this soil is cleared of vegetation.

Controlling runoff, maintaining a ground cover during

construction, and restoring a vegetative cover soon

after construction help to control water and wind

erosion.

Slope is the main limitation to use of this soil as a

site for local roads and streets. Constructing roads on

the contour, land shaping, and grading help to

overcome slope.

Rapid permeability is a severe limitation to use of

this soil as a site for septic tank absorption fields. The

porous soil does not filter out contaminants, which

cause a hazard of ground-water pollution. Included or

nearby soils, such as Pyrities and Berkshire soils, are

better suited to this use.

This soil is a probable source of sand.

The capability subclass is 6e. The forestland

ordination symbol is 3S.

AaD—Adams sand, 15 to 35 percent

slopes

This is a very deep, moderately steep to very steep,

somewhat excessively drained soil along deeply

incised rivers or on the tops and sides of hills and

ridges. Most areas of this soil are long and narrow in

shape. Areas are 6 to 20 acres, but the range is 6 to

100 acres.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers in the Adams soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 7 inches—dark brown sand

Subsurface layer:

7 to 8 inches—pinkish gray sand

Subsoil:

8 to 13 inches—dark brown and yellowish red loamy

sand

13 to 20 inches—strong brown sand

Substratum:

20 to 72 inches, light yellowish brown sand

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

somewhat poorly drained and poorly drained

Naumburg soils and very poorly drained Searsport

soils in low areas and along drainageways. Also

included are areas of Salmon soils at the margins of

lake plains where deposits are dominantly very fine

sand and silt; areas of loamy Berkshire, Potsdam, and

Pyrities soils where sandy sediments have been

eroded away, exposing soils that formed in loamy

glacial till; and some areas of Colton and Waddington

soils, which are more gravelly than the Adams soil.

Some small areas of sandy Udipsamments or Dune

land and small areas of steeper soils are also

included. Included areas range to 6 acres and make

up about 20 percent of the map unit.

The important properties of the Adams soil—

Permeability: Rapid in the surface layer and subsoil

and very rapid in the substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Very low

Soil reaction: Very strongly acid to moderately acid in

the surface layer and the subsoil and very strongly

acid to slightly acid in the substratum

Erosion hazard: Very severe

Depth to water table: Below a depth of 6 feet

throughout the year

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: Low

Shrink swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Most areas of this soil are forested. Some cleared

areas are reverting to brushland or woodland, or are

barren.

This soil is poorly suited to cultivated crops. It is too

steep for efficient tillage and is subject to both wind

and water erosion. It is droughty and has low natural

fertility.

This soil is poorly suited to hayland and pasture. It

is droughty and has low fertility. If pasture is

overgrazed, the soil is subject to severe erosion,

especially in steeper areas. Maintaining a vegetative

cover and restricting grazing help to control erosion.

Adding fertilizer, lime, and organic matter improves

fertility and helps to sustain beneficial plants. Adding

crop residue and other organic matter to the soil helps

to increase available water capacity. Proper stocking

rates and pasture rotation help to protect desirable

plants subject to overgrazing during dry periods.

Potential productivity for sugar maple on this soil is

high. The seedling mortality rate is severe because of

droughtiness. Timely planting when the soil is moist

but not wet and selecting adaptable varieties help to

reduce the seedling mortality rate. In some areas

slope interferes with some mechanized planting and
86 Soil Survey

harvesting operations. Erosion is a hazard on some

longer, steeper slopes. Building logging roads and skid

trails on the contour and installing water bars help to

control erosion.

Moderately steep to very steep slopes are a severe

limitation to use of this soil as a site for dwellings with

basements. Designing the structure to conform to

slope and cutting and filling help to overcome slope.

Cutbanks caving in is a hazard in excavations. For

personal safety, before deep, narrow excavations are

entered cutbanks need to be shored up and

buttressed to prevent cave-ins.

Moderately steep to very steep slopes are a severe

limitation to use of this soil as a site for local roads and

streets. Constructing roads on the contour and

aligning and designing roads to conform to slope help

to overcome this limitation.

Very rapid permeability in the substratum and

moderately steep to very steep slopes are severe

limitations to use of this soil as a site for septic tank

absorption fields. The soil is a poor filter of sewage

effluent, and ground-water contamination is a hazard.

Pyrities and Berkshire soils, which are included or

nearby, are better suited to septic tank absorption

fields.

This soil is commonly a good source of sand.

The capability subclass is 7e. The forestland

ordination symbol is 3S.

AdB—Adams loamy fine sand, 2 to 8

percent slopes

This is a very deep, gently sloping, somewhat

excessively drained soil on rises and broad hilltops on

sand plains and other sandy deposits. Most areas of

this soil are irregular in shape. Most areas are 6 to 20

acres, but the range is 6 to 100 acres.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers in the Adams soil—

Surface layer

0 to 7 inches—dark brown loamy fine sand

Subsurface layer

7 to 8 inches—pinkish gray sand

Subsoil

8 to 13 inches—dark brown and yellowish red loamy

sand

13 to 20 inches—strong brown sand

Substratum

20 to 72 inches—light yellowish brown sand

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

somewhat poorly drained and poorly drained

Naumburg soils and very poorly drained Searsport

soils in low areas and along drainageways. Also

included are areas of Flackville soils near the margins

of lake plains and marine plains where underlying clay

deposits are within 20 to 40 inches of the surface;

areas of loamy Grenville and Pyrities soils on knolls of

stony glacial till; and some areas, notably along the

border of Jefferson County, where the soils are

warmer than normal, usually by less than 2 degrees.

Included soils range to 6 acres, and make up about 20

percent of the map unit.

The important properties of the Adams soil—

Permeability: Rapid in the surface layer and subsoil

and very rapid in the substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Low

Soil reaction: Very strongly acid to moderately acid in

the surface layer and the subsoil and very strongly

acid to slightly acid in the substratum

Erosion hazard: Slight

Depth to water table: Below a depth of 6 feet

throughout the year

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: Low

Shrink swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Many areas of this soil are in woodland or

brushland. Some areas are used for agriculture.

This soil is fairly suited to cultivated crops. Low

natural fertility and droughtiness in summer are the

main limitations. Adding organic matter, lime, and

fertilizer help to improve fertility. Applying fertilizer and

lime in frequent, small increments rather than all at

once helps to prevent leaching and to reduce nutrient

loss. Adding crop residue and other organic matter to

the soil helps to improve the water-holding capacity.

Irrigation generally is not cost effective except in

combination with some specialty crops. Cover

cropping, conservation tillage, and sod crops included

in crop rotations help to conserve soil moisture and to

control wind and water erosion.

This soil is fairly suited to hay and pasture. Adding

lime and fertilizer according to soil tests helps to

improve fertility and to sustain beneficial plants. In

summer, low available water capacity weakens plants.

Adding crop residue and other organic matter to the

soil helps to increase water-holding capacity. Proper

stocking rates and pasture rotation help to protect

desirable plant varieties subject to overgrazing during

dry periods.

Potential productivity for sugar maple on this unit is

moderate. Tree seedlings can be machine planted. The

soil is droughty, and the severe seedling mortality rate
St. Lawrence County, New York 87

is a management concern. Planting in spring or fall

during optimum moisture conditions reduces

droughtiness and the seedling mortality rate.

This soil is well suited to dwellings with basements.

Cutbanks caving in is a hazard in excavations. For

personal safety, before deep, narrow excavations are

entered cutbanks need to be shored up and

buttressed to prevent cave-ins.

This soil is well suited to local roads and streets.

Rapid permeability is a severe limitation to use

of this soil as a site for septic tank absorption fields.

The soil is a poor filter, and ground-water

contamination is a hazard. An alternative is to place

the absorption field on included or nearby soils, such

as Grenville and Pyrities soils, that are better suited to

this use.

This soil is commonly a good source of sand.

The capability subclass is 3s. The forestland

ordination symbol is 3S.

AdC—Adams loamy fine sand, 8 to 15

percent slopes

This is a very deep, strongly sloping, somewhat

excessively drained soil on side slopes of hills and on

knolls on sand plains. Most areas of this soil are

irregular in shape. Areas are 6 to 20 acres, but the

range is 6 to 100 acres.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers in the Adams soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 7 inches—dark brown loamy fine sand

Subsurface layer:

7 to 8 inches—pinkish gray sand

Subsoil:

8 to 13 inches—dark brown and yellowish red loamy

sand

13 to 20 inches—strong brown sand

Substratum:

20 to 72 inches—light yellowish brown sand

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

somewhat poorly drained and poorly drained

Naumburg soils and very poorly drained Searsport

soils in low areas and along drainageways. Also

included are areas of Flackville soils near the margins

of lake plains and marine plains where underlying clay

deposits are within 20 to 40 inches of the surface;

areas of loamy Grenville and Pyrities soils on small

knolls and hills; and some areas, notably along the

border of Jefferson County, where soils are warmer

than normal, usually by less than 2 degrees. Included

soils range to 6 acres, and make up about 20 percent

of the map unit.

The important properties of the Adams soil—

Permeability: Rapid in the surface layer and subsoil

and very rapid in the substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Low

Soil reaction: Very strongly acid to moderately acid in

the surface layer and the subsoil and very strongly

acid to slightly acid in the substratum

Erosion hazard: Severe

Depth to water table: Below a depth of 6 feet

throughout the year

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: Low

Shrink swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Most areas of this soil are woodland or brushland.

Some areas are used for hay or pasture.

This soil is poorly suited to most cultivated crops.

Severe erosion hazard, low natural fertility, and

droughtiness in summer are the main limitations.

Conservation tillage, cross slope tillage, and crop

rotations favoring sod crops help to control erosion.

Adding organic matter, lime, and fertilizer help to

improve fertility. Applying fertilizer and lime in frequent,

small increments rather than all at once helps to

prevent leaching and to reduce nutrient loss. Adding

crop residue and other organic matter to the soil helps

to improve water holding capacity. Irrigation generally

is not cost effective except for a combination of crops

including specialty crops.

This soil is poorly suited or fairly suited to hay and

pasture because of the severe erosion hazard, low

available water capacity, and low natural fertility.

Overgrazing and loss of plant cover increase the

hazard of erosion. Proper stocking rates and pasture

rotation help to control erosion and to protect desirable

plant varieties, which are subject to overgrazing during

dry periods. Adding fertilizer, lime, and organic matter

help to improve fertility and to sustain beneficial plants.

In summer, this soil has little water available for plants.

Returning crop residue and other organic matter to the

soil helps to retain soil moisture.

Potential productivity for sugar maple on this soil is

moderate. This soil is droughty and seedling mortality

is a management concern. Planting in spring or fall,

during optimum moisture conditions, helps to

overcome droughtiness. Constructing logging roads

and skid trails on the contour helps to control erosion.

Slope is the main limitation to use of this soil as a

site for dwellings with basements. Dwellings could be

designed to conform to the natural slope. In some
88 Soil Survey

areas filling and shaping could level a building site.

Erosion is a hazard if the soil is cleared of vegetation.

Controlling runoff during construction and restoring a

vegetative cover as soon as possible help to control

erosion. Cutbanks caving in is a hazard in excavations.

For personal safety, before deep, narrow excavations

are entered cutbanks need to be shored up and

buttressed to prevent cave-ins.

Slope is the main limitation to use of this soil as a

site for local roads and streets. Constructing roads on

the contour, land shaping, and grading help to

overcome this limitation.

Rapid permeability is a severe limitation to use of

this soil as a site for septic tank absorption fields. The

soil is a poor filter, and ground-water contamination is

a hazard. Included or nearby soils, such as Grenville

and Pyrities soils, are better suited to this use.

This soil is commonly a good source of sand.

The capability subclass is 4e. The forestland

ordination symbol is 3S.

Ak—Adjidaumo silty clay

This is a very deep, nearly level, poorly drained soil

that formed in clayey sediments in low-lying areas on

marine plains and upland basins and along streams.

Most areas of this soil are irregular in shape. Areas

are 6 to 30 acres, but the range is 6 to more than 100

acres. Slopes are smooth, and range from 0 to 2

percent.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers in the Adjidaumo soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 8 inches—very dark gray, mottled silty clay

Subsoil:

8 to 18 inches—gray, mottled silty clay

18 to 27 inches—gray, mottled clay

Substratum:

27 to 72 inches—gray, mottled clay

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

Dorval soils in wetter depressions where organic

matter accumulates on the surface. Also included are

areas of moderately well drained Heuvelton soils on

convex knolls and in other, higher areas; areas of

somewhat poorly drained Swanton soils in areas of

slightly higher relief, where loamy materials overlie

clay; and small areas of loamy, well drained Grenville

soils, moderately well drained Hogansburg soils, and

somewhat poorly drained Malone soils on small hills

and knolls. Also included are small areas of

moderately deep Matoon soils and rock outcrops on

benches and slight rises in the midst of bedrockcontrolled areas and areas, notably along the border

of Jefferson County, where the soils are warmer than

normal, usually by less than 2 degrees. Included soils

range to 6 acres, and make up about 20 percent of the

map unit.

The important properties of the Adjidaumo soil—

Permeability: Moderately slow in the mineral surface

layer, slow in the subsoil, and slow or very slow in

the substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-foot soil

profile): High

Soil reaction: Slightly acid to neutral in the surface soil,

neutral to slightly alkaline in the subsoil, and

slightly alkaline to moderately alkaline in the

substratum

Erosion hazard: Slight

Depth to water table: From the surface to a depth of

0.5 feet from November to June

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Flooding hazard: None

Most areas of this soil are used for hay and pasture,

but some areas are used for cultivated crops. Many

other areas are wooded. Some cleared areas are now

idle and are reverting to brush.

This soil is poorly suited to many cultivated crops

because of seasonal wetness. Artificial drainage is

difficult to establish in places because of a lack

of suitable outlets. Conservation tillage, crop residue

on and in the soil, and cover crops help to improve

tilth.

This soil is poorly suited to hay and pasture. The

seasonal high water table restricts rooting depth of

some plants, especially legumes. Grazing when the

soil is wet causes surface compaction and degrades

tilth. Installing artificial drainage and selecting shallowrooted, water-tolerant species help to improve

productivity. Applying lime and fertilizer based on soil

tests, restricting grazing during wet periods, and yearly

mowing help to prevent surface compaction, to

preserve tilth, and to enhance quality and quantity of

feed and forage.

Potential productivity for red maple on this soil is

low. In some years wetness hinders heavy equipment

use in spring and during other wet periods. Logging

during drier periods or in winter when the ground is

frozen allows use of heavy equipment. Planting

seedlings during optimum moisture conditions

increases the rate of seedling survival. The water table

limits root development, and windthrow is a severe

hazard. Minimizing thinning and planting shallow-
St. Lawrence County, New York 89

rooted varieties help to minimize the windthrow

hazard.

The seasonal high water table in this soil is a

severe limitation both for dwellings with basements

and for buildings without basements. Grenville soils,

which are included or nearby, are better drained and

have fewer limitations than the Adjidaumo soil for

dwellings with basements.

Low strength, the seasonal high water table, and

potential for frost action are the main limitations to use

of this soil as a site for local roads and streets.

Providing a suitable subgrade or base material and

using special construction methods for adequate

support help to increase the strength and stability of

this soil. Constructing roads and streets on raised fill

material and installing a drainage system help to

compensate for wetness. Providing coarser grained

subgrade or base material to frost depth helps to

prevent damage to pavement from frost action.

The seasonal high water table and the very slow or

slow permeability are severe limitations to use of this

soil as a site for septic tank absorption fields. Pyrities

soils, which are included or nearby, are better drained

and have fewer limitations for septic tank absorption

fields.

The capability subclass is 4w. The forestland

ordination symbol is 2W.

Am—Adjidaumo mucky silty clay

This is a very deep, nearly level, very poorly

drained soil that formed in clayey sediments in lowlying areas of ancient marine beds or upland basins

where water stands at or on the surface during the

wetter parts of the year. Areas of this soil are mostly

irregular in shape, except along drainageways, where

they are long and narrow. Areas are 6 to 20 acres, but

the range is 6 to more than 100 acres. Slopes are

smooth and range from 0 to 2 percent.

 Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers in the Adjidaumo soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 8 inches—very dark gray, mottled, mucky silty

clay

Subsoil:

8 to 18 inches—gray, mottled silty clay

18 to 27 inches—gray, mottled clay

Substratum:

27 to 72 inches—gray, mottled clay

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

Dorval soils in wetter depressions where a layer of

organic matter deeper than 16 inches has

accumulated on the surface. Also included are areas

of somewhat poorly drained Muskellunge soils in high

areas, some small areas of rock outcrops, and areas

of sandy Deford soils adjacent to outwash plains. Also

included, notably along the border of Jefferson County,

are areas of soils that are warmer than normal, usually

by less than 2 degrees. Included areas range to 6

acres, and make up about 20 percent of this map unit.

The important properties of the Adjidaumo soil—

Permeability: Moderately slow in the surface layer,

slow in the subsoil, and slow or very slow in the

substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): High

Soil reaction: Slightly acid to neutral in the surface

layer, neutral to slightly alkaline in the subsoil, and

slightly alkaline to moderately alkaline in the

substratum

Erosion hazard: Slight

Depth to water table: Ranges from 1 foot above the

surface to a depth of 0.5 feet from November to

June

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Flooding hazard: None

Areas of this soil are swampland, woodland, or

brushland.

This soil is not suited to most agricultural uses.

From late fall to early summer the seasonal high water

table severely impedes planting and harvesting.

Because of the clayey texture and wetness,

worthwhile yields are difficult to produce on this soil.

This soil could be used as pasture during the driest

part of summer. Restricting stock when the surface

is wet prevents surface compaction. This soil is suited

to use as habitat for wildlife and to some recreation

uses.

Potential productivity for red maple on this soil is

low. The soil is soft when wet, and use of heavy

equipment is restricted for much of the year. Logging

in winter when the soil is frozen reduces the problems

from heavy equipment use. Standing water in spring

limits planting. Wetness severely limits seedling

survival. Planting water-tolerant species helps to

improve survival. The seasonal high water table

restricts root development and windthrow is a hazard.

Minimizing thinning and selecting naturally shallowrooted trees help to reduce windthrow.

This soil is not suitable as a site for dwellings with

basements because of ponding. Grenville or Pyrities

soils, which are included with this soil in mapping or
90 Soil Survey

are nearby, are better drained and have fewer

limitations for dwellings.

Low strength, ponding, and potential for frost action

are severe limitations for local roads and streets.

Providing suitable subgrade or base material and

using special construction methods for adequate

support help to compensate for low strength.

Constructing roads on raised fill material and installing

a drainage system help to overcome ponding.

Providing coarser grained subgrade or base material

to frost depth helps to prevent damage to pavement

from frost action. Heuvelton or Swanton soils, which

are near the Adjidaumo soil, are better suited to local

roads and streets than the Adjidaumo soil.

This soil is poorly suited to use as a site for septic

tank absorption fields. Ponding and very slow or slow

permeability in the substratum are severe limitations

and require extensive alterations. Heuvelton

and Swanton soils, which are near the Adjidaumo

soil, are better suited to this use than the Adjidaumo

soil.

The capability subclass is 5w. The forestland

ordination symbol is 2W.

Ao—Adjidaumo silty clay, flooded

This is a very deep, nearly level, poorly drained and

very poorly drained soil that formed in clayey

sediments in low areas of marine plains and lake

plains adjacent to slow moving streams and rivers.

The soil is subject to frequent flooding. Areas of this

soil are elongated and parallel to streams. They range

from 6 to 150 acres. Slopes are smooth and range

from 0 to 2 percent.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers in the Adjidaumo soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 8 inches—mottled, very dark gray silty clay

Subsoil:

8 to 18 inches—mottled, gray silty clay

18 to 27 inches—mottled, gray clay

Substratum:

27 to 72 inches— mottled, gray clay

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

Borosaprists in the lowest parts of the unit where

floodwater is stagnated for long periods. Also included

are narrow bands of Fluvaquents and Udifluvents in

coarser textured materials where floodwater tends to

move more rapidly and small areas of somewhat

poorly drained Muskellunge soils on higher knolls

and on small terraces that are not subject to flooding.

Inclusions range to 6 acres, and make up about 20

percent of the map unit.

Important properties of the Adjidaumo soil—

Permeability: Moderately slow in the surface layer,

slow in the subsoil, and slow or very slow in the

substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): High

Soil reaction: Slightly acid to neutral in the surface

layer, neutral to slightly alkaline in the subsoil, and

slightly alkaline to moderately alkaline in the

substratum

Erosion hazard: Slight

Depth to water table: From 1 foot above the surface to

a depth of 0.5 feet from November to June

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Flooding hazard: Subject to frequent flooding for long

duration

Most areas of this soil are in pasture. Some areas

are in meadow. A few areas are wooded.

This soil is poorly suited to cultivated crops

because of wetness and frequent flooding. In some

years wetness and flooding delay planting in spring

and harvesting in fall. Depending on the site and the

crop, surface and subsurface drainage helps to reduce

wetness.

This soil is poorly suited to hay and pasture

because of wetness and frequent flooding. Under

good management, the soil is productive. If surface

and subsurface drainage is installed to lower the water

table, more productive grasses and some shallowrooted legumes can be grown. Removing cattle from

this soil during wet periods helps to protect soil tilth.

Potential productivity for red maple on this soil is

low. The soil, which is soft when wet, restricts use of

heavy equipment for much of the year. Logging in

winter reduces the problems of equipment use.

Standing water in spring hinders planting operations.

Wetness severely limits seedling survival. Planting

water-tolerant species helps to improve productivity.

The seasonal high water table restricts root

development and the windthrow hazard is severe.

Selecting naturally shallow-rooted trees and

minimizing thinning help to reduce the windthrow

hazard.

This soil is poorly suited to dwellings with

basements because of frequent flooding and wetness.

Included Muskellunge soils and nearby Pyrities soils

are better suited to this use. Muskellunge soils are in

high areas, are wet, but are not subject to flooding.

Pyrities soils are deep and well drained.
St. Lawrence County, New York 91

Low strength, flooding, and ponding are severe

limitations to use of this soil as a site for local roads

and streets. Providing suitable subgrade or base

material and using special construction methods for

adequate support help to increase strength and

stability on this soil. Constructing roads on raised fill

material and installing a drainage system help to

compensate for wetness and to overcome flooding. An

alternative is to route roads around this soil or on

included soils that are better suited to this use.

This soil is poorly suited to use as a site for septic

tank absorption fields. Flooding and very slow or slow

permeability in the substratum are severe limitations

and require extensive alterations. Included

Muskellunge soils have limitations to this use but are

better suited than the Adjidaumo soil. An alternative is

to place the absorption field on nearby, deep, well

drained Pyrities soils.

The capability subclass is 5w. The forestland

ordination symbol is 2W.

Ap—Adjidaumo silty clay, rocky

This is a very deep, nearly level, poorly drained and

very poorly drained soil in low-lying marine basins. It

formed in clayey sediments overlying bedrock at a

depth of more than 60 inches. Rock outcrops of folded

marble and, less commonly, gneiss are scattered on

these soils. They cover 0.1 to 2 percent of the surface.

Most areas of this soil are irregular in shape. Areas

are 6 to 100 acres. Slopes are smooth and range from

0 to 2 percent.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Adjidaumo soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 8 inches—mottled very dark gray silty clay

Subsoil:

8 to 18 inches—mottled gray silty clay

18 to 27 inches—mottled gray clay

Substratum:

27 to 72 inches—mottled gray clay

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

mucky Dorval soils in wetter depressions where

organic matter more than 16 inches thick has

accumulated on the surface. Also included are areas

of somewhat poorly drained Matoon soils; areas of

loamy, somewhat poorly drained Ogdensburg soils on

slight rises where bedrock is within 40 inches of the

surface; and areas of shallow Insula soils and

moderately deep Nehasne soils on bedrock-controlled

benches and knolls. Also included are areas of Insula,

Matoon, and Ogdensburg soils near most rock

outcrops. Included areas range to 6 acres, and make

up about 20 percent of this unit.

The important properties of the Adjidaumo soil—

Permeability: Moderately slow in the surface layer,

slow in the subsoil, and slow or very slow in the

substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): High

Soil reaction: Slightly acid to neutral in the surface

layer, neutral to slightly alkaline in the subsoil, and

slightly alkaline to moderately alkaline in the

substratum

Erosion hazard: Slight

Depth to water table: From the surface to a depth of

0.5 feet from November to June

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Flooding hazard: None

Many areas of this soil are in native pasture. Other

areas are wooded or are reverting to brushland.

This soil is poorly suited to cultivated crops

because of prolonged periods of wetness, water

ponded on the surface, and rock outcrops.

This soil is poorly suited to hay and pasture. The

seasonal high water table restricts the rooting depth of

some plants, especially legumes. Selecting shallowrooted, water-tolerant grasses and legumes improves

productivity. In some areas grazing when the soil is

wet damages soil tilth. Restricted grazing during wet

periods and rotational grazing prevent surface

compaction and damage to soil tilth. In some areas

rock outcrops impede use of some farm equipment.

Potential productivity for red maple on this soil is

low. In some areas wetness hinders heavy equipment

use in spring and during other wet periods. Logging

during drier periods or in winter when the ground is

frozen allows use of heavy equipment. Planting

seedlings during optimum moisture conditions

increases the rate of seedling survival. The seasonal

high water table restricts root development of some

trees and windthrow is a severe hazard. Minimizing

thinning and selecting naturally shallow-rooted trees

help to reduce windthrow. In some areas rock outcrops

impede equipment use.

Ponding, the seasonal high water table, and rock

outcrops are severe limitations to use of this soil as a

site for dwellings with basements. Nearby or included,

well drained Pyrities soils have fewer limitations to this

use.

Low strength, the seasonal high water table, and

potential for frost action are the main limitations to use
92 Soil Survey

of this soil as a site for local roads and streets.

Providing suitable subgrade or base material and

using special construction methods for adequate

support help to increase strength and stability of this

soil. Constructing roads and streets on raised fill

material and installing a drainage system help to

compensate for wetness.

Providing coarser grained subgrade or base

material to frost depth helps to prevent damage to

pavement from frost action. Rock outcrops and

included, moderately deep and shallow soils are also

limitations to this use.

The seasonal high water table, ponding, and very

slow or slow permeability are severe limitations to use

of this soil as a site for septic tank absorption fields.

Rock outcrops and moderately deep and shallow

depth to bedrock on included Matoon, Ogdensburg,

and Insula soils are also limitations to septic tank

absorption fields. Nearby, well drained Pyrities soils

have fewer limitations to this use than the Adjidaumo

soil.

The capability subclass is 5w. The forestland

ordination symbol is 2W.

ArC—Adjidaumo-Summerville-Rock

outcrop complex, rolling

This map unit consists of Adjidaumo and

Summerville soils and Rock outcrop on small,

discontinuous ridges and in intervening valleys. The

Adjidaumo soil is very deep, poorly drained and very

poorly drained. It formed in clayey marine deposits in

the intervening valleys. The Summerville soil is shallow

and well drained. It formed in thin deposits of glacial till

on bedrock-controlled ridges. Topography is irregular.

Slopes are short and generally complex, ranging from

5 to 15 percent on the Rock outcrop and the

Summerville soil and from 0 to 2 percent on the

Adjidaumo soil. Most areas of these soils and rock

outcrops are elliptical in shape, are oriented northeastsouthwest, and range from 10 to 200 acres. This unit

is about 35 percent Adjidaumo soil, 35 percent

Summerville soil, 10 percent Rock outcrop, and 20

percent other soils. The Adjidaumo and Summerville

soils and areas of Rock outcrop are intermingled so

closely that they could not be separated at the scale

selected for mapping.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Adjidaumo soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 8 inches—very dark gray silty clay

Subsoil:

8 to 18 inches—gray silty clay

18 to 27 inches—gray clay

Substratum:

27 to 72 inches—gray clay

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Summerville soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 6 inches—dark brown fine sandy loam

Subsoil:

6 to 12 inches—strong brown and dark brown fine

sandy loam

12 inches—limestone bedrock

Included with these Adjidaumo and Summerville

soils and Rock outcrop in mapping are areas of

Dorval, Matoon, Muskellunge, Gouverneur, Pyrities,

and Insula soils. Small areas of Dorval soils are in

wetter depressions where a layer of organic matter

more than 16 inches thick has accumulated on the

surface. Level areas of Matoon soils are on benches

where bedrock is within a depth of 40 inches, near

bedrock-controlled ridges. Areas of somewhat poorly

drained Muskellunge soils are where the intervening

basins are broader and slightly sloping. Very shallow

Gouverneur soils are where the glacial till mantle on

ridges is less than 10 inches thick. Small areas of very

deep, well drained Pyrities soils are on backslopes of

ridges where the till mantle is deeper. Areas of lowlime Insula soils are on some ridges where bedrock is

predominantly granite and gneiss instead of marble.

Also included are some areas of steeper soils and

bedrock scarps and areas, notably along the border of

Jefferson County, where the soils are warmer than

normal, usually by less than 2 degrees. Included areas

range to 6 acres, and make up about 20 percent of

this unit.

The important properties of the Adjidaumo soil—

Permeability: Moderately slow in the surface layer,

slow in the subsoil, and slow or very slow in the

substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): High

Soil reaction: Slightly acid to neutral in the surface

layer, neutral to slightly alkaline in the subsoil, and

slightly alkaline to moderately alkaline in the

substratum

Erosion hazard: Slight

Depth to water table: From the surface to a depth of

0.5 feet from November to June

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate
St. Lawrence County, New York 93

Flooding hazard: None

The important properties of the Summerville soil—

Permeability: Moderately rapid in the surface layer and

moderate in the subsoil

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Very low

Soil reaction: Slightly acid to slightly alkaline in the

surface layer and slightly acid to moderately

alkaline in the subsoil

Erosion hazard: Severe

Depth to water table: More than 6 feet throughout the

year

Depth to bedrock: 10 to 20 inches

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Many areas of these soils are in native pasture.

Other areas are woodland or are reverting to brush.

The Adjidaumo and Summerville soils are very

poorly suited to crops, including hay. On the

Adjidaumo soil the seasonal high water table restricts

plant growth and can impede planting and harvesting.

On the Summerville soil depth to bedrock and

droughtiness are also limitations. Included, steeper

soils and bedrock scarps on bedrock-controlled ridges

impede trafficability.

The Adjidaumo and Summerville soils are suitable

to unimproved pasture. Careful management sustains

soil quality and forage yields. On the Adjidaumo soil,

grazing during wet periods causes surface compaction

and loss of soil tilth and pasture seeding. On the

Summerville soil, erosion is a hazard because of

slope, shallow depth to bedrock, and delicate native

plant communities. These soils should not be

overgrazed, especially during dry periods.

Potential productivity for red maple is low on the

Adjidaumo soil. Potential productivity for sugar maple

is low on the Summerville soil. Bedrock ridges hinder

machine planting and harvesting on a large scale. The

Adjidaumo soil is soft when wet, and equipment use is

restricted; logging in winter when the ground is frozen

avoids the problem of soft, wet soil. Seedling mortality

is severe on the Adjidaumo and Summerville soils.

Planting the Adjidaumo soil with water-tolerant species

and the Summerville soil with drought-tolerant species

helps to improve productivity. Because of the seasonal

high water table on the Adjidaumo soil and the shallow

depth to bedrock on the Summerville soil, trees have a

shallow root zone and windthrow is a hazard.

Minimizing thinning and selecting naturally shallowrooted species help to reduce windthrow.

The seasonal high water table on the Adjidaumo

soil and shallow depth to bedrock on the Summerville

soil are the main limitations to use of these soils as a

site for dwellings with basements. The Summerville

soil is suited to dwellings without basements. The

Adjidaumo soil should be avoided as a site for

dwellings.

The seasonal high water table on the Adjidaumo

soil and shallow depth to bedrock on the Summerville

soil are severe limitations to use of these soils as a

site for septic tank absorption fields. On the

Summerville soil adding fill helps to overcome this

limitation. An alternative is to place the absorption field

on included soils, such as Pyrities soils, that are

deeper than the Summerville soil and well drained.

Low strength, wetness, and potential for frost action

on the Adjidaumo soil and shallow depth to bedrock on

the Summerville soil are the main limitations to use of

these soils as a site for local roads and streets.

Providing suitable subgrade or base material and

using special construction methods for adequate

support help to increase strength and stability of these

soils. Constructing roads on raised fill material and

installing a drainage system help to overcome

ponding. Providing coarser grained subgrade or base

material to frost depth helps to prevent frost action

from damaging pavement. On many ridges finding

usable road grades on steep side slopes is difficult. In

some places roads could be built on nearby, more

favorable soils.

Wetness and very slow and slow permeability on

the Adjidaumo soil and shallow depth to bedrock and

seepage on the Summerville soil are severe limitations

to use of these soils as a site for septic tank

absorption fields. The absorption field could be placed

on nearby soils, such as Heuvelton and Hogansburg

soils, that are better suited to this use.

The capability subclass is 4w for the Adjidaumo soil

and 7s for the Summerville soil. The forestland

ordination symbol is 2W for the Adjidaumo soil and 2D

for the Summerville soil.

BeB—Berkshire loam, 3 to 8 percent

slopes

This is a very deep, gently sloping, well drained soil

on rounded tops of ridges and hills. Most areas of this

soil are oval in shape. Areas range from 7 to 30 acres.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers in the Berkshire soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 7 inches—dark brown loam

Subsoil:

7 to 11 inches—brown loam
94 Soil Survey

11 to 30 inches—brown gravelly loam

Substratum:

30 to 72 inches—dark yellowish brown sandy loam

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

poorly drained Lyme soils and very poorly drained

Tughill soils in drainageways and depressions. Also

included are areas of moderately deep Tunbridge soils

on bedrock-controlled benches and knolls; areas of

sandy Adams soils and gravelly, sandy Colton soils on

valley sides and in other areas subject to a

glaciofluvial influence; and some small areas of soils

on steeper slopes. Included areas range to 6 acres

and make up about 20 percent of this map unit.

The important properties of the Berkshire soil—

Permeability: Moderate or moderately rapid throughout

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): High

Soil reaction: Extremely acid to moderately acid

throughout

Erosion hazard: Moderate

Depth to water table: More than 6 feet throughout the

year

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Shrink swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Most areas of this soil are cleared and are used for

pasture or crops. Some areas are reverting to brush.

This is a prime farmland soil.

This soil is well suited to cultivated crops. Low soil

reaction is the main limitation to productivity. Adding

lime and fertilizer help to improve soil reaction and

fertility. Erosion is a hazard on some longer slopes.

Conservation tillage, stripcropping, and contour

plowing help to control erosion.

This soil is well suited to hay and pasture. Low soil

reaction is the main limitation. Adding lime and

fertilizer can improve soil reaction and fertility.

Overgrazing can destroy the vegetative cover and can

cause an erosion hazard. Rotational grazing and

proper stocking rates help to protect pasture seeding

and to control erosion.

Potential productivity for eastern white pine on this

soil is high. There are no significant limitations to

woodland use and management on this soil.

This soil is well suited to dwellings with basements.

However, scattered, large boulders in the soil impede

excavation.

Frost action is a moderate limitation to use of this

soil as a site for local roads and streets; it causes

cutbanks to slough and road surfaces to buckle.

Vegetating cut slopes before fall helps to prevent

sloughing in spring. Upslope ditches and adequate

culverts help to prevent frost action from buckling

pavement. Providing a coarser grained subgrade or

base material helps to prevent frost action from

damaging pavement.

This soil is well suited to septic tank absorption

fields. However, areas of included soils that are wetter

or are shallow or moderately deep are not suited to

this use.

The capability subclass is 2e. The forestland

ordination symbol is 9A.

BgC—Berkshire-Lyme complex, rolling,

very bouldery

This map unit consists of very deep, rolling

Berkshire and Lyme soils on networks of small,

rounded hills and swales. The well drained Berkshire

soil is on the higher, steeper, and more convex parts

of the landscape, and the poorly drained Lyme soil is

in the concave parts. Boulders 10 to 70 feet apart and

stones cover 0.1 to 3 percent of the surface of these

soils. Local relief generally is low, and slopes are

complex, ranging from 5 to 15 percent. Areas of these

soils range from 10 to 100 acres. The unit is about 40

percent Berkshire soil, 25 percent Lyme soil, and 35

percent other soils. The Berkshire and Lyme soils are

intermingled so closely that they could not be

separated at the scale selected for mapping.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

Berkshire soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 7 inches—dark brown loam

Subsoil:

7 to 11 inches—brown loam

11 to 30 inches—brown gravelly loam

Substratum:

30 to 72 inches—dark yellowish brown sandy loam

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Lyme soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 3 inches—very dark gray sandy loam

Subsoil:

3 to 6 inches—grayish brown sandy loam

6 to 11 inches—dark grayish brown sandy loam

11 to 16 inches—brown cobbly sandy loam

Substratum:

16 to 24 inches—dark grayish brown and grayish

brown gravelly sandy loam
St. Lawrence County, New York 95

24 to 72 inches—brown sandy loam

Included with the Berkshire and Lyme soils in

mapping are small areas of very poorly drained

Dawson and Tughill soils in deeper depressions. Also

included are areas of moderately deep Tunbridge soils

on bedrock-controlled benches and knolls, small areas

of rock outcrops near Tunbridge soils, and small areas

of soils that are more or less sloping than the

Berkshire and Lyme soils. Sandy Adams soils and

gravelly, sandy Colton soils are included on sides of

valleys and adjacent to streams and in other areas

subject to glaciofluvial influence. Included soils range

to 6 acres, and make up about 35 percent of this unit.

Important properties of the Berkshire soil—

Permeability: Moderate or moderately rapid throughout

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): High

Soil reaction: Extremely acid to moderately acid

throughout

Erosion hazard: Severe

Depth to water table: More than 6 feet throughout the

year

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Important properties of the Lyme soil—

Permeability: Moderate or moderately rapid throughout

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Moderate

Soil Reaction: Very strongly acid or strongly acid

throughout

Erosion hazard: Severe

Depth to water table: From the surface to a depth of 18

inches from November to May

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Most areas of these soils are woodland.

These soils are poorly suited to cultivated crops

because many stones and boulders are on the

surface. Removing stones and boulders is too costly

for crops normally grown in the area. These soils are

difficult to manage for cultivated crops because of

complex topography and wetness on the Lyme soil.

These soils are poorly suited to pasture. Stones

and boulders severely hinder use of equipment

needed to improve and maintain pasture. Proper

stocking rates and brush control are management

concerns. Overgrazing can diminish quantity and

quality of forage plants and can cause an erosion

hazard on longer, steeper slopes. Restricting livestock

from pasture on the Lyme soil prevents surface

compaction and loss of soil tilth and productivity.

Potential productivity for eastern white pine on

these soils is high. Plant competition, the windthrow

hazard, and the equipment limitation are problems on

the Lyme soil. Replanting immediately after harvest,

controlling forest openings after harvest, and

eradicating undesirable species help to control plant

competition. On the Lyme soil windthrow is a severe

hazard because the high water table restricts root

development. Minimizing stand openings from harvest

or in reforestation shielding trees or planting adaptable

species without taproots helps to reduce windthrow.

On the Lyme soil wetness limits use of equipment.

Logging in winter when the ground is frozen allows

use of equipment.

The seasonal high water table on the Lyme soil is a

severe limitation to use of these soils as a site for

dwellings with basements. However, dwellings could

be constructed on the Berkshire soil. Slope is a

limitation on the Berkshire and Lyme soils for

dwellings with basements. Land shaping and grading

help to overcome slope. Erosion is a hazard in areas

cleared for construction. Designing dwellings to

conform to the natural slope and setting helps to

minimize land shaping and erosion. Revegetating the

soil during or soon after construction helps to control

erosion. Scattered, large boulders in the soil impede

excavation.

Frost action and the seasonal high water table on

the Lyme soil are the main limitations to use of these

soils as a site for local roads and streets. Building

roads and streets on the contour helps to overcome

slope, but is difficult in areas with broken topography.

Providing a coarser grained subgrade or base material

and constructing ditches and road culverts to improve

soil drainage next to roads help to reduce wetness and

to prevent frost action from buckling and heaving

pavement. Revegetating the soil during or soon after

construction helps to control erosion and to prevent

frost action from sloughing in spring. An alternative is

to build roads and streets on the Berkshire soil.

The seasonal high water table on the Lyme soil is a

severe limitation to use of these soils as a site for

septic tank absorption fields. The well drained

Berkshire soil is suited to this use. Slope is also a

limitation. Placing distribution lines on the contour and

using serial distribution help to ensure uniform

distribution of effluent throughout the absorption field.

The capability subclass is 6s for the Berkshire and

Lyme soils. The forestland ordination symbol is 9A for

the Berkshire soil and 8W for the Lyme soil.
96 Soil Survey

BkC—Berkshire and Sunapee soils, 8 to

15 percent slopes, very bouldery

This map unit consists of very deep, strongly

sloping Berkshire and Sunapee soils on the tops and

sides of ridges and hills. The well drained Berkshire

soils are on the higher, steeper, more convex parts of

the topography. The moderately well drained Sunapee

soils are generally slightly lower on the landscape than

Berkshire soils, commonly on slight benches. Boulders

about 10 to 70 feet apart and stones cover 0.1 to 3

percent of the surface. Slopes are generally simple,

but small streams dissect a few areas. Areas of this

unit range from 10 to 200 acres. The Berkshire and

Sunapee soils were mapped together because they

are similar in use and management. Areas consist

partly of Sunapee or Berkshire soils or they are all

Sunapee or all Berkshire soils. The unit is about 45

percent Berkshire soils, 35 percent Sunapee soils, and

20 percent other soils.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Berkshire soils—

Surface layer:

0 to 7 inches—dark brown loam

Subsoil:

7 to 11 inches—brown loam

11 to 30 inches—brown gravelly loam

Substratum:

30 to 72 inches—dark yellowish brown sandy loam

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Sunapee soils—

Surface layer:

0 to 1 inch—black moderately decomposed forest

litter

1 to 4 inches—black fine sandy loam

Subsoil:

4 to 13 inches—dark reddish brown fine sandy loam

13 to 17 inches—reddish brown fine sandy loam

17 to 23 inches—dark yellowish brown fine sandy

loam

Substratum:

23 to 72 inches—light brownish gray fine sandy loam

Included with these Berkshire and Sunapee soils in

mapping are Lyme, Tughill, Adams, and Colton soils.

Also included are small areas of poorly drained Lyme

soils and very poorly drained Tughill soils in

drainageways and depressions; areas of moderately

deep Tunbridge soils on bedrock-controlled benches

and knolls; and areas of sandy Adams soils and

gravelly, sandy Colton soils on sides of valleys and

adjacent to watercourses. Included areas range to

6 acres and make up about 20 percent of the map

unit.

Important properties the Berkshire soils—

Permeability: Moderate or moderately rapid throughout

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): High

Soil reaction: Extremely acid to moderately acid

throughout

Erosion hazard: Severe

Depth to water table: Below a depth of 6 feet

throughout the year

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Shrink swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Important properties the Sunapee soils—

Permeability: Moderate in the mineral part of the

surface layer and subsoil and moderate or

moderately rapid in the substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Moderate or high

Soil reaction: Extremely acid to strongly acid in the

surface layer and the subsoil and extremely acid

to moderately acid in the substratum

Erosion hazard: Severe

Depth to water table: From 1.5 to 3 feet from

November to May

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Shrink swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Most areas of these soils are woodland. Some

areas are pasture.

These soils are poorly suited to cultivated crops

because of many stones and boulders on the surface.

Removing stones and boulders is too costly for crops

normally grown in the area.

These soils are poorly suited to pasture. Surface

stones severely hinder use of equipment needed to

improve and maintain pasture. Managing stocking

rates and controlling brush are management

concerns. Grazing when these soils are wet causes

surface compaction. Overgrazing can diminish the

quantity and quality of forage plants and can cause an

erosion hazard.

These soils are poorly suited to hay or improved

pasture, but are suited to unimproved pasture.

Overgrazing reduces the quantity and quality of the

forage and increases the hazard of erosion.

Potential productivity for trees on these soils is high.

Plant competition is a problem on Sunapee soils.
St. Lawrence County, New York 97

Mechanical or chemical site preparation reduces plant

competition.

The seasonal high water table on Sunapee soils is

a severe limitation to use of these soils as a site for

dwellings with basements. On Sunapee soils installing

foundation drains and sealing foundations help to

prevent wet basements, or dwellings could be built on

the better drained Berkshire soils. Slope on Sunapee

and Berkshire soils is also a limitation for dwellings

with basements. Land shaping and grading help to

overcome slope. Erosion is a hazard in areas cleared

for construction, but designing dwellings to conform to

the natural slope and setting helps to keep earthwork

in place and to control erosion. Revegetating the soil

during or soon after construction also helps to control

erosion. Large boulders scattered in the soil can

impede excavation.

Wetness and frost action on the Sunapee soils and

excessive slope on both Berkshire and Sunapee soils

are the main limitations to use of these soils as a site

for local roads and streets. Providing coarser grained

subgrade or base material and constructing ditches

and road culverts to improve soil drainage close to the

road help to prevent wetness and frost action from

buckling, slumping, and heaving pavement. Building

streets and roads on the contour, adjusting grade

and alignment, and including cut and fill sections

help to overcome slope. Revegetating the soil

during or soon after construction helps to control

erosion.

The seasonal high water table on Sunapee soils is

a severe limitation to use of these soils as a site for

septic tank absorption fields. On Sunapee soils

installing a drainage system around the filter field and

a diversion to intercept runoff from higher areas helps

to reduce wetness. The absorption field could be

placed on well drained Berkshire soils. On both

Berkshire and Sunapee soils slope is also a limitation.

Laying out distribution lines on the contour or using

serial distribution helps to ensure uniform distribution

of effluent throughout the absorption field.

The capability subclass is 6s for the Berkshire and

Sunapee soils. The forestland ordination symbol is 9A

for Berkshire soils and 3A for Sunapee soils.

Bo—Borosaprists and Fluvaquents,

frequently flooded

This map unit consists of very deep, nearly level,

very poorly drained to somewhat poorly drained soils

on flood plains near slow-moving streams. Slope

ranges from 0 to 2 percent. Areas of these soils are

generally elongated and are parallel to nearby streams

and creeks subject to frequent flooding. Areas consist

almost entirely of very poorly drained Borosaprists or

somewhat poorly drained to very poorly drained

Fluvaquents, but some areas consist of both soils.

Borosaprists and Fluvaquents were mapped together

because they are similar in use and management.

Borosaprists make up about 50 percent of areas,

Fluvaquents make up 30 percent, and other soils

make up 20 percent. These soils have variable

characteristics and properties and are classified above

the series level.

Borosaprists are highly variable. Typically, black

muck (sapric material), more than 16 inches thick,

overlies a layer of sandy loam. Bedrock generally is at

a depth of more than 60 inches.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of highly

variable Fluvaquents—

Surface layer:

0 to 10 inches, black or dark gray sand to silty clay

loam

Substratum:

10 to 72 inches, mottled, stratified, gray to brown sand

to silty clay loam

Included with these soils in mapping are small

areas of clayey Adjidaumo soils at the margins of lake

plains. Also included are Udifluvents in high areas and

along faster moving parts of streams; some areas of

somewhat poorly drained Redwater soils on bedrockcontrolled stream gradients; and areas, notably along

the border of Jefferson County, where the soils are

warmer than normal, usually by less than 2 degrees.

Included areas range to 6 acres and make up about

20 percent of this unit.

Important properties of Borosaprists—

Permeability: Moderately slow to moderately rapid in

the organic layer and moderately slow to rapid in

the mineral layer

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): High

Soil reaction: Extremely acid in the organic layer and

very strongly acid to slightly acid in the mineral

layer

Erosion hazard: Slight

Depth to water table: 1 foot above the surface to 1 foot

below from October to July

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: Frequent

Important properties of Fluvaquents—

Permeability: Slow to rapid throughout
98 Soil Survey

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Low to high

Soil reaction: Very strongly acid to neutral in the

surface layer and very strongly acid to moderately

alkaline below

Erosion hazard: Severe for streambanks

Depth to water table: Ponded to 1.5 feet below the

surface from October to June

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: Frequent

Borosaprists and Fluvaquents are subject to

flooding from adjacent streams. In some areas

activities of beavers or humans cause flooding. In

some years these soils are inundated throughout the

year. Borosaprists are very poorly drained, and

Fluvaquents are somewhat poorly drained, poorly

drained, or very poorly drained. Permeability, available

water capacity, soil reaction, depth to bedrock, and

other properties are variable.

Most areas of these soils are in cattails, rushes,

canary grasses, speckled Alder, and other watertolerant plants and shrubs (fig. 7).

On-site investigation of individual areas is needed

to determine the feasibility for most uses. These soils

generally are not suited to farming or to urban or

recreation development because of wetness and

frequent flooding. Many areas are used as habitat for

wetland wildlife.

The capability subclass is 8 for Borosaprists and 5w

for Fluvaquents. Borosaprists and Fluvaquents were

not assigned an ordination symbol.

Ce—Carbondale muck

This is a very deep, nearly level, very poorly

drained soil that formed in deep, organic deposits in

low-lying basins and depressions. Small hummocks

and microknolls are prevalent across the surface of an

otherwise smooth terrain. Slopes range from 0 to 2

percent. Most areas are 10 to 100 acres, but the range

is 6 to 1,000 acres.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

Carbondale soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 12 inches, dark reddish brown muck (sapric

material)

Subsurface layer:

12 to 40 inches, dark reddish brown muck

40 to 74 inches, black mucky peat

74 to 99 inches, dark reddish brown mucky peat

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

open water that are commonly intermittent but that

disappear during dry periods or shift position as

organic material builds up in some areas and subsides

in others. Also included are areas of Dorval soils,

Fluvaquents, and Carbondale, Insula, and Adjidaumo

soils. Dorval soils are 17 to 51 inches deep over a

mineral layer. Small areas of Fluvaquents, mineral

soils that are subject to frequent flooding, are where

streams flow into this soil. A few areas of Carbondale

soils that have thick sphagnum layers on the surface

are in the towns of Lisbon, Gouverneur, and Fowler.

Trees grow around the perimeters of the units, but the

centers are nearly treeless. Vegetation consists mainly

of such low-lying bog species as bog rosemary,

Labrador tea, and pitcher plants. Shallow Insula soils

and rock outcrops are in some areas. Small areas of

clayey Adjidaumo soils are near the edges of some

units. Also included are areas, notably along the

border of Jefferson County, where the soils are

warmer than normal, usually by less than 2 degrees.

Included soils range to 6 acres and make up about 20

percent of this unit.

Important properties of Carbondale muck—

Permeability: Moderately slow to moderately rapid

throughout

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): High

Soil reaction: Moderately acid to slightly alkaline

throughout

Erosion hazard: Slight

Depth to water table: 1 foot above the surface to 1 foot

below from September to May

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Potential for frost action: High

Flooding hazard: None

In almost all areas this soil is woodland or

brushland. It is poorly suited to cultivated crops, hay,

and pasture.

Potential productivity for balsam fir on this soil is

poor. The seasonal high water table causes a severe

seedling mortality rate. Planting water-tolerant species

helps to improve production. The shallow root zone in

this soil causes trees to blow over easily. Minimizing

thinning helps to reduce windthrow. The soil is soft and

unstable when wet and does not support heavy

planting or logging equipment. Logging in winter

when the ground is frozen allows use of heavy

equipment.

This soil is poorly suited to dwellings with

basements because of the hazard of subsidence,

ponding, and low strength. Dwellings could be built on
St. Lawrence County, New York 99

nearby, well drained, very deep Pyrities and Grenville

soils that are better suited to this use.

Potential subsidence, ponding of surface water, and

potential for frost action are severe limitations to use of

this soil as a site for local roads and streets. An

alternative is to lay out roads, wherever possible,

around these soils.

This soil is poorly suited to use as a site for septic

tank absorption fields because of possible subsidence,

ponding, and moderately slow permeability. The

absorption field could be placed on nearby Grenville or

Pyrities soils, which are better suited to this use than

the Carbondale soil.

The capability subclass is 5w. The forestland

ordination symbol is 5W.

CgB—Colton-Duxbury complex, 2 to 8

percent slopes

This map unit consists of very deep, gently sloping

soils on outwash plains and on the tops of low hills

and ridges. Slopes are generally smooth, but a few

areas are undulating. Areas of these soils are 20 to

100 acres, but the range is 10 to 300 acres. The unit is

about 40 percent excessively drained Colton soil, 30

percent well drained Duxbury soil, and 30 percent

other soils. Colton and Duxbury soils are intermingled

so closely that they could not be separated at the

scale selected for mapping.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

Colton soil—

Surface layer

0 to 6 inches, dark reddish brown gravelly loamy sand

Subsoil

6 to 7 inches, dark reddish brown very gravelly sand

7 to 14 inches, reddish brown very gravelly sand

14 to 20 inches, mixed brown and pale brown very

gravelly sand

Substratum

20 to 72 inches, mixed brown and pale brown very

gravelly sand

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

Duxbury soil—

Surface layer

0 to 7 inches, dark brown silt loam

Subsoil

7 to 14 inches, strong brown silt loam

Figure 7.—An area of Borosaprists and Fluvaquents, frequently flooded, in a freshwater marsh. These soils provide cover for

wetland wildlife.
100 Soil Survey

14 to 24 inches, dark yellowish brown gravelly loam

Substratum

24 to 72 inches, dark yellowish brown very gravelly

coarse sand

Included with these soils in mapping are small

areas of moderately well drained Croghan soils in lowlying or concave positions. Also included are some

areas of mucky Loxley and Dawson soils in small

depressions and small areas of sandy Adams soils on

the top of knolls. Also included are loamy Berkshire

soils on valley sides and on the tops of knolls and

ridges. Included areas range to 6 acres and make up

about 30 percent of this unit.

Important properties of the Colton soil—

Permeability: Rapid or very rapid in the surface layer

and subsoil and very rapid in the substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Very low

Soil reaction: Extremely acid to moderately acid in the

surface layer and the subsoil and very strongly

acid to slightly acid in the substratum

Erosion hazard: Slight

Depth to water table: More than 6 feet throughout the

year

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: Low

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Important properties of the Duxbury soil

Permeability: Moderately rapid in the surface layer and

subsoil and rapid in the substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Moderate or high

Soil reaction: Extremely acid to slightly acid in the

surface layer and the upper part of the subsoil and

very strongly acid to slightly acid in the lower part

of the subsoil and in the substratum

Erosion hazard: Slight

Depth to water table: More than 6 feet throughout the

year

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: Low

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Most areas of these soils are used as woodland or

pasture. Some areas are cultivated.

These soils are fairly suited or poorly suited to

cultivated crops. Droughtiness on the Colton soil and

low soil reaction and low natural fertility on both Colton

and Duxbury soils are the main limitations. Adding lime

and fertilizer according to soil tests helps to increase

fertility and soil reaction. On the Colton soil irrigation

and dryland farming practices, including adding

organic matter and mulch, help to overcome

droughtiness. Irrigation may not be practical for most

crops. In some areas gravel and cobbles in the surface

layer of Colton soil can cause excessive wear on

machinery.

This soil is fairly suited to hay and pasture.

Maintaining proper stocking rates is needed,

especially in summer, when droughtiness slows plant

growth on the Colton soil. Overgrazing depletes

vegetation and accelerates erosion. Low natural

fertility and low soil reaction are also limitations.

Adding lime and fertilizer according to soil tests helps

to increase natural fertility, soil reaction, and yields.

Potential productivity for eastern white pine is

moderate or high on these soils. The Colton soil is

droughty, and the seedling mortality rate is severe.

Planting during optimum moisture conditions helps to

reduce the seedling mortality rate for planted stock. In

some areas mulching with straw or excelsior is

needed.

These soils are well suited to dwellings with

basements. However, cutbanks caving in is a hazard

during construction. For personal safety, before deep,

narrow excavations are entered cutbanks need to be

shored up and buttressed to prevent cave-ins.

These soils are is well suited to local roads and

streets.

Rapid or very rapid permeability in the substratum

is a severe limitation to use of these soils as a site for

septic tank absorption fields. The soil is a poor filter of

sewage effluent, and ground-water contamination is a

hazard. Extensive alterations are required to correct

these limitations. Included Berkshire soils are better

suited to this use.

These soils are a probable source of sand and

gravel, but numerous large stones and boulders are in

the substratum.

The capability subclass is 3s for the Colton soil and

2e for the Duxbury soil. The forestland ordination

symbol is 3S for the Colton soil and 8A for the

Duxbury soil.

CgC—Colton-Duxbury complex, rolling

This map unit consists of very deep, strongly

sloping soils on hummocks on outwash plains and on

low hills and ridges. Slopes are generally complex and

range from 5 to 15 percent. Areas of this unit are 20 to

60 acres, but the range is 10 to 100 acres. The unit is

about 40 percent excessively drained Colton soil, 30

percent well drained Duxbury soil, and 30 percent

other soils. The Colton and Duxbury soils are
St. Lawrence County, New York 101

intermingled so closely that they could not be

separated at the scale selected for mapping.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

Colton soil—

Surface layer

0 to 6 inches, dark reddish brown gravelly loamy sand

Subsoil

6 to 7 inches, dark reddish brown very gravelly sand

7 to 14 inches, reddish brown very gravelly sand

14 to 20 inches, mixed brown and pale brown very

gravelly sand

Substratum

20 to 72 inches, mixed brown and pale brown very

gravelly sand

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

Duxbury soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 7 inches, dark brown silt loam

Subsoil:

7 to 14 inches, strong brown silt loam

14 to 24 inches, dark yellowish brown gravelly loam

Substratum:

24 to 72 inches, dark yellowish brown very gravelly

coarse sand

Included with these soils in mapping are small

areas of moderately well drained Croghan soils in lowlying or concave positions. Also included are some

areas of mucky Loxley and Dawson soils in small

depressions and small areas of sandy Adams soils on

tops of knolls and on undulating terraces. Also

included are some areas of loamy Berkshire soils on

valley sides and on the tops of knolls and ridges.

Included areas range to 6 acres and make up about

30 percent of this map unit.

Important properties of the Colton soil

Permeability: Rapid or very rapid in the surface layer

and subsoil and very rapid in the substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Very low

Soil reaction: Extremely acid to moderately acid in the

surface layer and the subsoil and very strongly

acid to slightly acid in the substratum

Erosion hazard: Moderate

Depth to water table: More than 6 feet throughout the

year

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: Low

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Important properties of the Duxbury soil

Permeability: Moderately rapid in the surface layer and

subsoil and rapid in the substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Moderate or high

Soil reaction: Extremely acid to slightly acid in the

surface layer and the upper part of the subsoil and

very strongly acid to slightly acid in the lower part

of the subsoil and in the substratum

Erosion hazard: Moderate

Depth to water table: More than 6 feet throughout the

year

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: Low

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Most areas of these soils are woodland. Some

areas are used for pasture or hay. Very few areas are

cultivated.

This map unit is poorly suited to cultivated crops.

Droughtiness on the Colton soil, low natural fertility,

low soil reaction, included wetter areas, and complex

slopes are limitations. Erosion is a hazard, especially

on the Duxbury soil. Many conservation measures,

such as stripcropping, contour plowing, and terracing,

are impractical on these complex slopes. Conservation

tillage and crop rotations that emphasize sod crops

help to control erosion. Irrigation and dryland farming,

including adding organic matter and mulch, help to

overcome droughtiness on the Colton soil. However,

irrigation may not be practical for most crops grown in

the area. Adding lime and fertilizer according to soil

tests helps to increase fertility, soil reaction, and crop

yields. In most areas the complex slopes and the

included steeper areas and wetter depressions

impede working the land efficiently. The depressions

are too deep to fill, and most do not have adequate

outlets for drainage.

These soils are poorly suited to pasture and hay.

Overgrazing causes a hazard of erosion. Maintaining

proper stocking rates is needed, especially in summer

when plant growth on the Colton soil is slow because

of droughtiness. Low natural fertility and soil reaction

are also limitations. Adding lime and fertilizer

according to soil tests helps to increase yields.

Rotational grazing and yearly mowing help to sustain

pasture seedlings and to increase productivity.

However, mowing is difficult on the complex slopes

and the included steeper areas.

Potential productivity for white pine on this map unit

is moderate or high. Droughtiness caused by lack of

water-holding capacity on the Colton soil is a more

likely limitation for hardwoods than for softwoods. On
102 Soil Survey

the droughty Colton soil the seedling mortality rate is

severe. Planting early in spring or late in fall allows

plants to become established in still-moist soil and

helps to reduce the seedling mortality rate. Mulching

with straw or excelsior prevents the soils from drying

out. White pine, red pine, Norway spruce, and white

spruce grow well on these soils.

In steeper areas excessive slope is a moderate

limitation to use of these soils as a site for dwellings

with basements. Some less sloping areas, however,

are more accommodating to construction. Cutbanks

caving in is a hazard during construction. For personal

safety, before deep, narrow excavations are entered

cutbanks need to be shored up and buttressed to

prevent cave-ins.

Strongly sloping areas and included wet soils are

the main limitations to use of these soils as a site for

local roads and streets. In most areas of these soils

cutting and filling is needed in constructing roads to

avoid frequent grade and alignment changes. Planning

is needed to avoid included wet soils in depressions.

Rapid permeability and strongly sloping slopes are

the main limitations to use of these soils as a site for

septic tank absorption fields. On both soils

permeability is rapid, the soils are a poor filter of

sewage effluent, and ground-water contamination is a

hazard. An alternative or unconventional septic

system, where code permits, helps to prevent

contamination of ground water. Steepness of slope

limits distribution of effluent from the septic tank to the

absorption field. Using serial distribution or placing the

absorption field in gently sloping areas of the unit

helps to ensure uniform distribution of effluent

throughout the absorption field. An alternative is to

place the septic system on nearby or included soils,

such as Berkshire soils, that are suitable for this use.

Some areas of these soils are an important source

of sand and gravel; however, numerous large stones

and boulders are in the substratum.

The capability subclass is 4s for the Colton soil and

3e for the Duxbury soil. The forestland ordination

symbol is 3S for the Colton soil and 8A for the

Duxbury soil.

CgD—Colton-Duxbury complex, hilly

This unit consists of steep soils on tops, sides, and

intervening areas of hills and valleys. Slopes generally

are complex, and consist of valley sides broken by

streams and networks of ridges and hills. The

dominant slope range is 15 to 35 percent. Most areas

are 20 to 40 acres, but the range is 10 to 80 acres.

The unit is about 40 percent Colton soil, 40 percent

Duxbury soil, and 20 percent other soils. The Duxbury

and Colton soils are intermingled so closely that they

could not be separated at the scale selected for

mapping.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

Colton soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 6 inches, dark reddish brown, gravelly loamy sand

Subsoil:

6 to 7 inches, dark reddish brown very gravelly sand

7 to 14 inches, reddish brown very gravelly sand

14 to 20 inches, mixed brown and pale brown very

gravelly sand

Substratum:

20 to 72 inches, mixed brown and pale brown very

gravelly sand

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

Duxbury soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 7 inches, dark brown silt loam

Subsoil:

7 to 14 inches, strong brown silt loam

14 to 24 inches, dark yellowish brown gravelly loam

Substratum:

24 to 72 inches, dark yellowish brown very gravelly

coarse sand

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

moderately well drained Croghan soils and very poorly

drained Loxley and Dawson soils in depressions

between hills. Also included are small areas of

Borosaprists and Fluvaquents along streams, small

areas of Adams soils on tops of hills, and areas of

Berkshire soils on hills and ridges. Adams and

Berkshire soils are not as gravelly as Colton and

Duxbury soils. Dawson and Loxley soils, Borosaprists,

and Fluvaquents make up about 15 percent of this

unit. Included soils range to 6 acres and make up

about 20 percent of this map unit.

Important properties of the Colton soil

Permeability: Rapid or very rapid in the surface layer

and subsoil and very rapid in the substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Very low

Soil reaction: Extremely acid to moderately acid in the

surface layer and the subsoil and very strongly

acid to slightly acid in the substratum

Erosion hazard: Severe

Depth to water table: More than 6 feet throughout the

year

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches
St. Lawrence County, New York 103

Potential for frost action: Low

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Important properties of the Duxbury soil

Permeability: Moderately rapid in the surface layer and

subsoil and rapid in the substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Moderate or high

Soil reaction: Extremely acid to slightly acid in the

surface layer and in the upper part of the subsoil

and very strongly acid to slightly acid in the lower

part of the subsoil and in the substratum

Erosion hazard: Severe

Depth to water table: More than 6 feet throughout the

year

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: Low

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Most areas of these soils are woodland. Some

areas are pasture.

These soils are poorly suited to cultivated

crops. Slopes are steep and erosion is a hazard.

A continuous cover of sod helps to control

erosion.

These soils are poorly suited to pasture. Erosion is

a severe hazard. During pasture seeding, careful

management of stocking rates, especially during dry

periods in summer, helps to control erosion. Low soil

reaction, droughtiness, and low natural fertility are also

limitations. Adding lime and fertilizer according to soil

tests helps to improve soil reaction and natural fertility.

If droughtiness reduces plant growth in summer, these

soils are susceptible to overgrazing.

Potential productivity for white pine on these soils is

moderate or high. Erosion is a hazard where logging

or road construction exposes the soil. Laying out skid

trails and logging roads on the contour and building

water bars to protect roads and trails when not in use

help to control erosion. Also, planting a ground cover

as soon as possible after construction helps to

stabilize cut and fill slopes. Machine planting of

seedlings is difficult because of steep, complex slopes.

The Colton soil is droughty, and the seedling mortality

rate is severe. Seedlings should be planted early in

spring or late in fall, when soil moisture is adequate.

Eastern white pine, red pine, white spruce, and

balsam fir grow well on these soils.

These soils are poorly suited to use as a site for

dwellings with basements because of slope. Steep

slope increases the difficulty of excavating and grading

for most dwelling designs. Erosion is a hazard on

building sites where the soil is exposed. Using special

house designs that conform to slope or building the

house in less sloping areas that are nearby or

included help to overcome slope. Limiting the area that

construction activities disturb, planting a ground cover,

and stabilizing the site during or soon after

construction help to control erosion. Cutbanks caving

in is a hazard on these soils. For personal safety,

before deep, narrow excavations are entered cutbanks

need to be shored up and buttressed to prevent caveins.

These soils are poorly suited to local roads and

streets. Steep slopes are the main limitation. Altering

the grade and cutting and filling help to overcome

slope. Vegetating and stabilizing cut and fill slopes

soon after construction help to control erosion. An

alternative is to route roads to nearby or included, less

sloping areas.

These soils are poorly suited to septic tank

absorption fields because of permeability and slope.

They are a poor filter of sewage effluent, and groundwater contamination is a hazard. Unconventional

septic systems, where code permits, could work on

these soils. Excessive slope is a severe limitation.

Slope causes unequal distribution of effluent to the

absorption field. Constructing absorption lines on the

contour helps to ensure uniform distribution of effluent

throughout the absorption field. An alternative is to

place the absorption field on included or nearby soils,

such as Berkshire soils, that have a more favorable

permeability for this use.

The capability subclass is 7s for the Colton soil and

6e for the Duxbury soil. The forestland ordination

symbol is 3S for the Colton soil and 8R for the

Duxbury soil.

Ck—Cook loamy fine sand

This is a very deep, very poorly drained and poorly

drained, nearly level soil on beach deposits within

glacial till plains covered with a thin veneer of sand. It

is also on toeslopes and in shallow troughs below low

ridges. It is nearly level and generally on slightly

concave landforms. Slopes range from 0 to 2 percent.

Areas of this soil are mostly irregular in shape and

range from 6 to 30 acres.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers in the Cook soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 7 inches, very dark gray loamy fine sand

Substratum:

7 to 39 inches, grayish brown loamy sand

39 to 72 inches, gray, stony sandy loam
104 Soil Survey

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

somewhat poorly drained Coveytown soils in slightly

higher areas on the landscape. Also included are

excessively drained Trout River soils and moderately

well drained Fahey soils on ridges, some small areas

of well drained Pyrities soils, and moderately well

drained Kalurah soils on small hills and knolls. Also

included are small areas of excessive stoniness.

Included areas range to 6 acres and make up about

25 percent of this map unit.

Important properties of the Cook soil—

Permeability: Moderately rapid in the surface layer,

rapid in the upper part of the substratum, and

moderately slow in the lower part of the

substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Low

Soil reaction: Strongly acid to neutral in the surface

layer, moderately acid to neutral in the upper part

of the substratum, and neutral to moderately

alkaline in the lower part of the substratum.

Erosion hazard: Low

Depth to water table: A high water table ranges from

the soil surface to a depth of 6 inches from

November to June

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Shrink swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Most areas of this soil are woodland. A few areas

are used for pasture. Some areas that were cleared for

agriculture are reverting to brush.

This soil is poorly suited to cultivated crops.

Wetness is the main limitation. Cultivation and planting

are difficult because the surface layer is saturated in

spring. The seasonal high water table also severely

restricts the rooting depth of plants, and crop growth is

poor. Artificial drainage helps to improve productivity

and ease of cultivation; however, the soil is in a low

position on the landscape, and finding suitable

drainage outlets is difficult.

This soil is poorly suited to hay and pasture. In most

years stands of hay are not productive because the

surface layer is saturated much of the growing season.

Drainage is needed for these soils to be productive.

However, the soil is in a low position on the landscape,

and establishing effective drainage outlets is difficult.

Grazing when the soil is wet causes surface

compaction and loss of productivity. Restricting stock

when the soil is saturated helps to maintain good tilth.

Fertilizing and mowing also help to improve the quality

of forage.

Potential productivity for white pine on this soil is

low. The soil is generally too wet for machine planting

of seedlings. Operating planting and harvesting

equipment on saturated soil causes surface

compaction. Logging in late summer when the soil is

relatively dry or in winter when the soil is frozen

reduces problems from equipment use. The seedling

mortality rate is severe because the soil is saturated

much of the year. The seasonal high water table limits

the rooting depth of trees and the windthrow hazard is

severe, especially adjacent to open areas. Planting

water-tolerant species helps to reduce windthrow.

Plant competition interferes with regeneration on this

soil. In some areas extensive site preparation is

needed to overcome plant competition and stress on

seedlings.

The seasonal high water table is a severe limitation

to use of this soil as a site for dwellings with

basements. Placing drains by footings and shaping the

land so water flows away from dwellings help to

reduce wetness. Adequately sealing foundations helps

to prevent wet basements. Installing adequate

drainage and sealing basements are difficult on these

soils. An alternative is to place dwellings on included

or nearby soils, such as Pyrities soils, that are better

suited to this use.

The seasonal high water table is a severe limitation

to use of this soil as a site for local roads and streets.

Constructing roads on raised fill material and installing

roadside ditches and culverts where needed help to

reduce wetness.

This soil is unsuitable for septic tank absorption

fields. The seasonal high water table and moderately

slow permeability in the substratum are severe

limitations. However, the filter field could be placed on

better suited, included soils, such as well drained

Pyrities soils.

The capability subclass is 4w. The forestland

ordination symbol is 6W.

Cn—Cornish silt loam

This is a very deep, somewhat poorly drained,

nearly level soil formed in recent alluvium on flood

plains along major streams, mainly the Oswegatchie

River. Slopes range from 0 to 2 percent. Most areas of

this soil are long and narrow. Areas are parallel to

streams and range from 15 to 50 acres.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers in the Cornish soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 8 inches, dark brown silt loam

Subsoil:
St. Lawrence County, New York 105

8 to 11 inches, dark yellowish brown silt loam

11 to 21 inches, brown silt loam

Substratum:

21 to 46 inches, light brownish gray and gray silt loam

46 to 72 inches, very dark grayish brown and gray silt

loam

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

very poorly drained to somewhat poorly drained,

highly variable Borosaprists and Fluvaquents in old

slackwater areas or in partially filled oxbows. Also

included are moderately well drained Lovewell soils on

higher, better drained parts of the flood plain and

some small areas, generally on knolls above flood

plains, of moderately well drained Eelweir and

Croghan soils. Also included, notably along the border

of Jefferson County, are some areas of soils that are

warmer than normal, usually by less than 2 degrees.

Included areas range to 6 acres and make up about

20 percent of this unit.

Important properties of the Cornish soil—

Permeability: Moderate throughout

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): High

Soil reaction: Very strongly acid to slightly acid

throughout

Erosion hazard: Slight

Depth to water table: At a depth of 1 to 2 feet from

November to May

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: Subject to frequent flooding

Most areas of this soil are used for hayland or

pasture. A few areas are in cultivated crops. Some

areas are woodland or brushland.

This soil is poorly suited to cultivated crops.

Planting is subject to frequent delays because of

wetness. Drainage helps to alleviate wetness. Flooding

is a hazard generally in March and April, and normally

floodwater subsides before planting. The floods that

occasionally occur after planting can destroy plants

and pollute streams with herbicides and plant

nutrients. Including cover or sod crops in the cropping

system helps to protect the surface from scouring

during flooding. Tree borders and green strips along

streams help to stabilize streambanks.

This soil is fairly suited to hay and pasture. Grazing

when the soil is wet causes surface compaction.

Restricting stock from pasture in early spring and

during other wet periods helps to prevent surface

compaction and to maintain good soil tilth. The

seasonal high water table limits root growth of some

legumes. Installing subsurface drainage and selecting

naturally shallow-rooted, water-tolerant grasses and

legumes help to improve the productivity of pasture

and hayland. Building fences and planting tree borders

along streambanks help to control streambank

erosion.

Potential productivity for eastern white pine on this

soil is moderately high. In some years flooding and the

seasonal high water table impede use of heavy

equipment in spring and during other wet periods.

Flooding causes a severe seedling mortality rate,

which can be reduced if more adaptable tree species

are planted.

This soil is poorly suited to dwellings because of

frequent flooding and wetness. Dwellings could be built

on adjacent uplands where soils are not subject to

flooding and generally have fewer limitations to this

use.

Wetness, flooding, and potential for frost action are

severe limitations to use of this soil as a site for local

roads and streets. Constructing roads on raised fill

material and installing a drainage system help to

compensate for wetness and flooding. Providing

coarser grained subgrade or base material to frost

depth helps to prevent frost action from damaging

pavement. An alternative is to lay out roads and

streets around this soil.

This soil is poorly suited to use as a site for septic

tank absorption fields because of frequent flooding

and wetness. The absorption field could be placed on

adjacent uplands where soils are on not subject to

flooding and generally have fewer limitations to this

use.

The capability subclass is 3w. The forestland

ordination symbol is 8W.

Cp—Coveytown loamy fine sand

This is a very deep, nearly level, somewhat poorly

drained soil on low glacial till plains covered with a thin

veneer of sand and on footslopes and the upper

toeslopes of low ridges. Most areas are broad and

irregular in shape. Areas range from 6 to more than

200 acres. Typically, slopes are smooth and range

from 0 to 2 percent.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers in the Coveytown soil—

Duff layer:

0 to 1 inch, slightly decomposed forest litter

 Surface layer:

1 to 5 inches, very dark gray loamy fine sand

Subsoil:
106 Soil Survey

5 to 20 inches, brown gravelly loamy fine sand

20 to 38 inches, brown gravelly loamy sand

Substratum:

38 to 72 inches, brown and yellowish brown gravelly

sandy loam

Included with these soils in depressions and swales

are small areas of very poorly drained Dorval and

Munuscong soils. Also included are excessively

drained Trout River soils and moderately well drained

Fahey soils on small ridges and well drained, loamy

Grenville soils on small, isolated hills. Also included

are small areas of loamy Malone soils on some

hummocks and slight knolls, some small areas of

Stockholm soils that have a clayey substratum, and

some small areas of sandy Naumburg soils. Included

soils make up about 30 percent of this unit.

Important properties of the Coveytown soil—

Permeability: Moderately rapid or rapid in the surface

layer and subsoil and moderate or moderately

slow in the substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Very low or low

Soil reaction: Strongly acid to slightly acid in the

surface layer, strongly acid to neutral in the

subsoil, and slightly acid to moderately alkaline in

the substratum

Erosion hazard: Low

Depth to water table: At a depth of 0.5 to 1.5 feet from

December to May

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Shrink-swell potential: Very low in the surface layer

and the subsoil and low in the substratum

Flooding hazard: None

Most areas of this soil are woodland. Some areas

are used as hayland or pasture. A few areas are

cultivated.

This soil is moderately suited to cultivated crops.

Wetness and low natural fertility are the main

limitations. Installing subsurface drainage and,

generally, open ditches help to reduce wetness, but in

some places grade is insufficient for a natural outlet.

Adding lime and fertilizer according to soil tests and in

several small applications helps to reduce leaching on

this soil and to improve fertility.

This soil is suited to pasture and hay. It is more

productive and will support shallow-rooted legumes if

it has artificial drainage and is top dressed with

manure and fertilizer. Grazing in spring when the soil

is wet causes surface compaction and loss of pasture

seeding. Fencing drainage ditches prevents animal

traffic from sloughing banks.

Potential productivity for red maple on this soil is

moderate. The seasonal high water table limits use of

heavy equipment in spring and during other wet

periods. Logging when the surface is dry or in winter

when it is frozen reduces the problems from heavy

equipment use. Wetness limits seedling survival.

Planting water-tolerant species helps to improve

productivity. The seasonal high water table limits root

development and excessive windthrow is a hazard.

Planting adaptable, shallow-rooted species and

limiting the size of stand openings created during

logging and thinning operations help to reduce

windthrow.

The seasonal high water table is a severe limitation

to use of this soil as a site for dwellings. Drainage

systems that carry subsurface water away from

cellars, footers, and slab foundations help to reduce

wetness. Adequately sealing the foundation helps to

prevent wet basements. An alternative is to build

dwellings on adjacent or included soils, such as

Grenville soils, that are better drained than the

Coveytown soil.

The seasonal high water table is a severe limitation

to use of this soil as a site for local roads and streets.

Constructing roads on raised fill material and installing

roadside ditches and culverts where needed help to

reduce wetness.

This soil is poorly suited to septic tank absorption

fields. The seasonal high water table, moderately slow

permeability in the substratum, and rapid permeability

in the subsoil can cause effluent to seep out or to well

up at the surface. In most areas a specially designed

system is needed if this soil is used for waste disposal.

An alternative is to place the absorption field on

nearby or included soils, such as Grenville soils, that

are better suited to this use.

The capability subclass is 3w. The forestland

ordination symbol is 2W.

Cr—Coveytown and Cook soils, very

stony

This map unit consists of very deep, somewhat

poorly drained to very poorly drained, nearly level and

gently sloping soils on glacial till plains covered with a

thin veneer of sand. It is in low positions between low

ridges and hills. Slopes are mostly simple and range

from 0 to 6 percent. Stones 3 to 25 feet apart and

boulders cover 0.1 to 3 percent of the surface of these

soils. Areas of this unit have various shapes. Most

areas are 40 to 80 acres, but the range is 6 to 80

acres. The soils in this unit are similar in use and

interpretation, and were not separated in mapping.

The unit is about 55 percent somewhat poorly drained

Coveytown soils, 25 percent very poorly drained and
St. Lawrence County, New York 107

poorly drained Cook soils, and 20 percent other soils.

Generally, Coveytown and Cook soils are somewhat

intermingled, but some map units are almost all either

Coveytown or Cook soils.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

Coveytown soils—

Duff layer:

0 to 1 inch, slightly decomposed forest litter

 Surface layer:

1 to 5 inches, very dark gray loamy fine sand

Subsoil:

5 to 20 inches, brown gravelly loamy fine sand

20 to 38 inches, brown gravelly loamy sand

Substratum:

38 to 72 inches, brown and yellowish brown gravelly

sandy loam

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

Cook soils—

Surface layer:

0 to 7 inches, very dark gray loamy fine sand

Substratum:

7 to 39 inches, grayish brown loamy sand

39 to 72 inches, gray sandy loam

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

Dorval and Carbondale soils in pockets where organic

material has accumulated. Also included are small

areas of well drained Pyrities soils on pronounced

hummocks and in small areas of sandy Searsport and

Naumburg soils in deposits of deep sands. Also

included are small areas of Munuscong soils that have

a clayey substratum and small areas of excessively

drained Trout River soils and moderately well

drained Fahey soils on slight ridges. Inclusions range

to 6 acres and make up about 20 percent of this map

unit.

Important properties of the Coveytown soils—

Permeability: Moderately rapid or rapid in the surface

layer and subsoil and moderate or moderately

slow in the substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Low

Soil reaction: Strongly acid to slightly acid in the

surface layer, strongly acid to neutral in the

subsoil, and slightly acid to moderately alkaline in

the substratum

Erosion hazard: Low

Depth to water table: Ranges from 6 to 18 inches

below the surface in December to May

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Shrink-swell potential: Very low in the surface layer

and the subsoil and low in the substratum

Flooding hazard: None

Important properties of the Cook soils—

Permeability: Moderately rapid in the surface layer,

rapid in the upper part of the substratum, and

moderately slow in the loamy part of the

substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Very low to moderate

Soil reaction: Strongly acid to neutral in the surface

layer, moderately acid to neutral in the upper part

of the substratum, and neutral or slightly alkaline

in the loamy part of the substratum

Erosion hazard: Low

Depth to water table: Ranges from the surface to a

depth of 6 inches in November to June

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Shrink swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Most areas of these soils are woodland.

These soils are poorly suited to cultivated crops.

Stoniness and wetness are the main limitations. Tillage

is impossible because of stones and boulders on the

soil surface. The high water table in Cook soils delays

planting too long into summer for most crops grown in

the area.

These soils are poorly suited to pasture. The

surface is saturated for much of the growing season

and in most years pastures are not productive. Soil

drainage helps to improve wetness, but constructing

outlets is difficult in most areas of these soils, which

are in low places on the landscape. Grazing when the

soil is wet causes surface compaction. Restricting

livestock when the soil is saturated helps to maintain

good tilth. Low fertility on these soils is also a

limitation.

Potential productivity for trees on these soils is low

or moderate. The soils are generally too wet and

bouldery for machine planting of seedlings. Operating

planting and harvesting equipment when these soils

are saturated causes surface compaction. Logging

when the ground is frozen or in late summer when the

soils are relatively dry reduces problems from

equipment use. The seedling mortality rate is severe

because the soils are saturated much of the year. On

better drained soils delaying planting seedlings so

plants establish a root system in relatively dry soil

conditions helps to reduce the seedling mortality rate.

The seasonal high water table limits the rooting depth

of trees, and windthrow is a hazard. Selecting

adaptable, shallow-rooted species and avoiding
108 Soil Survey

clearcutting help to reduce windthrow. Intensive site

preparation helps to overcome plant competition.

These soils are poorly suited to dwellings with

basements because wetness is a severe limitation. If

Coveytown soils are used for dwellings, flood drains

could be built and basement walls could be sealed. An

alternative is to build dwellings on nearby or included

soils, such as Pyrities soils, that are better suited to

this use.

The seasonal high water table is a severe limitation

to use of these soils as a site for local roads and

streets. Constructing roads on raised fill material and

installing a drainage system help to compensate for

wetness.

These soils are unsuitable for septic tank

absorption fields because of the seasonal high water

table and generally rapid permeability in the surface

layer and the subsoil and slow permeability in the

substratum. These limitations cause effluent to well up

and seep out as unfiltered effluent at the surface.

Although the limitations are very difficult to overcome,

a mound system, where code permits, could be used.

An alternative is to place the septic system on nearby

or included soils, such as Pyrities soils where slope is

not a limitation, that are better suited to this use.

The capability subclass is 5s for Coveytown soils

and 7s for Cook soils. The forestland ordination

symbol is 2W for Coveytown soils and 6W for Cook

soils.

CsB—Crary silt loam, 3 to 8 percent

slopes

This is a very deep, gently sloping, moderately well

drained soil on concave footslopes, on broad hilltops,

and along drainageways on glacial till plains. Most

areas of this soil are long and narrow along slopes or

drainageways, but some areas are irregular in shape.

Areas range from 6 to 30 acres.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

Crary soils—

Surface layer:

0 to 8 inches, dark brown silt loam

Subsoil:

8 to 14 inches, dark brown silt loam

14 to 20 inches, yellowish brown very fine sandy loam

20 to 24 inches, grayish brown very fine sandy loam

Substratum:

24 to 72 inches, brown stony fine sandy loam

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

poorly drained Lyme soils and very poorly drained

Tughill soils in depressions and at the bottom of

drainageways. Also included are well drained Potsdam

soils on slight convex rises, Tunbridge soils on

benches or on noses of small ridges where bedrock is

within 40 inches of the surface, and small areas of

rock outcrops. Also included are moderately well

drained Sunapee soils where the Crary soil does not

have a fragipan, small areas of Adams and Colton

soils where ancient stream action deposited sand or

gravel, and some areas of soils that have significantly

steeper slopes than those of the Crary soil. Included

areas range to 6 acres, and make up about 20 percent

of this map unit.

Important properties of the Crary soil—

Permeability: Moderate in the surface layer and subsoil

and slow in the substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Moderate

Soil reaction: Very strongly acid to moderately acid in

the surface layer and the subsoil and strongly acid

to slightly alkaline in the substratum

Erosion hazard: Moderate

Depth to water table: Perched at a depth of 1.5 to 2

feet from February to May

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Most areas of this soil are used as pasture or

hayland. Other areas were cleared but have reverted

to brushland or woodland.

This soil is well suited to cultivated crops. The firm,

dense substratum limits the root zone. Shallow-rooted,

short-season species are adapted to this soil. Erosion

is a hazard on long slopes or in extensive cultivated

areas. Conservation tillage or a cover crop established

after harvest helps to control erosion. Low soil reaction

has an adverse effect on natural fertility. Adding lime

and fertilizer according to soil tests helps to produce

good yields. Periodic stone removal is needed to

prevent excessive wear on machinery.

This soil is well suited to hayland and pasture.

Overgrazing can lead to loss of pasture seeding.

Grazing when the soil is wet causes surface

compaction and decreased yields. Rotational grazing,

managing stocking rates, applying lime and fertilizer

according to soil tests, and yearly mowing help to

control erosion, to maintain pasture seedlings, and to

sustain productivity.

Potential productivity for sugar maple on this soil is

moderate or high. There are few limitations to planting,

harvesting, or managing woodlots on this soil.

The seasonal high water table is the main limitation
St. Lawrence County, New York 109

to use of this soil as a site for dwellings with

basements. Installing drains by footings and shaping

the land to move surface water away from the dwelling

helps to reduce wetness. An adequate foundation seal

helps to prevent wet basements.

Potential for frost action and the seasonal high

water table are the main limitations to use of this soil

as a site for local roads and streets. Providing coarser

grained subgrade or base material to frost depth helps

to prevent frost action from damaging pavement.

Constructing roads and streets on raised fill material

and installing a drainage system help to compensate

for wetness.

The seasonal high water table and slow

permeability in the substratum are the main limitations

to use of this soil as a site for septic tank absorption

fields. Placing a drainage system around the filter field

and installing diversions to intercept water from higher

areas help to reduce wetness. Enlarging the

absorption field or using a wide, deep trench below

distribution lines helps to compensate for slow

permeability.

The capability subclass is 2e. The forestland

ordination symbol is 3W.

CtB—Crary and Potsdam soils, 3 to 8

percent slopes, very bouldery

This map unit consists of very deep, gently sloping

soils on glacial till plains. Typically, the moderately well

drained Crary soils are on footslopes, broad

backslopes, and slight benches and the well drained

Potsdam soils are on upper side slopes and on convex

knolls and hilltops. Boulders about 10 to 70 feet apart

and stones cover 0.1 to 3 percent of the surface.

Areas of this unit are generally irregular in shape. Most

areas are 6 to 50 acres, but the range is 6 to 100

acres. The unit is about 45 percent Crary soils, 30

percent Potsdam soils, and 25 percent other soils.

Most areas of this unit consist mainly of Crary or

Potsdam soils, but some areas consist of both soils.

Crary and Potsdam soils are similar in use and

management and were mapped together.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

Crary soils—

Surface layer:

0 to 8 inches, dark brown silt loam

Subsoil:

8 to 14 inches, dark brown silt loam

14 to 20 inches, yellowish brown very fine sandy loam

20 to 24 inches, grayish brown very fine sandy loam

Substratum:

24 to 72 inches, brown stony fine sandy loam

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

Potsdam soils—

Surface layer:

0 to 3 inches, black slightly decomposed leaf litter

3 to 6 inches, black highly decomposed organic matter

Subsurface layer:

6 to 9 inches, pinkish gray very fine sandy loam

Subsoil:

9 to 12 inches, dark reddish brown silt loam

12 to 22 inches, reddish brown and strong silt loam

22 to 34 inches, light olive brown gravelly sandy loam

Substratum:

34 to 72 inches, olive brown gravelly sandy loam

Included with these soils in mapping are small

areas of poorly drained Lyme soils and very poorly

drained Tughill soils on footslopes, along

drainageways, and in other concave areas. Also

included are small areas of moderately deep

Tunbridge soils where bedrock is less than 40 inches

below the surface, small areas of rock outcrops, and

areas of permeable Berkshire soils where the

substratum is less firm and dense than that in the

Crary and Potsdam soils. Also included are sandy

Adams soils and sandy and gravelly Colton soils

where flowing water deposited small pockets of

stratified sand and gravel and a few small areas

without boulders and stones on the surface. Included

areas range to 6 acres and make up about 25 percent

of this unit.

Important properties of the Crary soils

Permeability: Moderate in the surface layer and subsoil

and slow in the substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Moderate

Soil reaction: Very strongly acid to moderately acid in

the surface layer and the subsoil and strongly acid

to slightly alkaline in the substratum

Erosion hazard: Moderate

Depth to water table: Perched at a depth of 1.5 to 2

feet from February to May

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Shrink swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Important properties of the Potsdam soils

Permeability: Moderately slow to moderately rapid in

the surface layer and subsoil and slow in the

substratum
110 Soil Survey

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Moderate or high

Soil reaction: Extremely acid to moderately acid in the

surface layer, very strongly acid to moderately

acid in the upper part of the subsoil, very strongly

acid to neutral in the lower part of the subsoil, and

strongly acid to slightly alkaline in the substratum

Erosion hazard: Moderate

Depth to water table: Perched at a depth of 2 to 3 feet

from November to May

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Shrink swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Most areas of these soils are woodland. Some

areas are old meadows or clearings.

These soils are poorly suited to cultivated crops

because many boulders and stones are on the

surface. Removing stones and boulders from these

soils would be too costly for the crops normally grown

in the area.

These soils are poorly suited to pasture. Boulders

and stones severely hinder use of equipment needed

to improve and to maintain pasture. Managing stocking

rates and controlling brush are the main management

concerns.

Grazing when these soils are wet causes surface

compaction. Overgrazing can diminish quantity and

quality of forage plants and can cause an erosion

hazard on longer, steeper slopes.

Potential productivity for sugar maple on these soils

is moderate or high. Boulders on the surface hinder

use of machinery for planting and some other

operations.

Seasonal wetness is the main limitation to use of

these soils as a site for dwellings with basements.

Installing drains by footings and shaping the land to

move surface water away from dwellings help to

reduce wetness. Adequately sealing foundations helps

to prevent wet basements. Erosion is a hazard in the

more sloping areas cleared during construction.

Establishing a vegetative cover as soon as possible

after construction and controlling runoff during

construction help to control erosion. In some areas the

surface needs to be cleared of boulders when planting

a lawn on these soils.

Potential for frost action and seasonal wetness are

limitations to use of these soils as a site for local roads

and streets. Providing coarser grained subgrade or

base material to frost depth helps to prevent frost

action from damaging pavement. Constructing roads

and streets on raised fill material and installing a

drainage system help to compensate for wetness.

Erosion is a hazard during construction, and

vegetating and stabilizing disturbed areas are needed

during or as soon as possible after construction.

Slow permeability and seasonal wetness are the

main limitations to use of these soils as a site for

septic tank absorption fields. Providing interceptor

drains to divert some water, enlarging the absorption

field, and placing a wide, deep trench below the

distribution lines help to reduce wetness and to

compensate for slow permeability. An alternative is to

place the absorption field on nearby or included soils,

such as Berkshire soils, that are better drained

and more permeable than the Crary and Potsdam

soils.

The capability subclass is 6s for Crary and

Potsdam soils. The forestland ordination symbol is 3W

for Crary soils and 3A for Potsdam soils.

CuB—Croghan sand, 0 to 8 percent

slopes

This is a very deep, moderately well drained soil in

nearly level, gently sloping areas of broad sand plains.

Areas of this soil are irregular in shape and range from

6 to 30 acres.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers in the Croghan soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 7 inches, dark brown sand

Subsurface layer:

7 to 10 inches, pinkish gray sand

Subsoil:

10 to 12 inches, dark reddish brown sand

12 to 20 inches, red sand

20 to 33 inches, strong brown fine sand

33 to 44 inches, brown fine sand

Substratum:

44 to 72 inches, brown fine sand

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

somewhat poorly drained and poorly drained

Naumburg soils and very poorly drained Searsport

soils in low-lying pockets and along drainageways.

Also included are somewhat excessively drained and

excessively drained Adams soils on convex knobs and

steeper slopes, some areas of more gravelly Fahey

soils, and some areas of loamy Crary, Kalurah, and

Sunapee soils, commonly with stony surfaces, on

knolls and on other high parts of the landscape. Also

included are small areas of soils on significantly

greater slopes than those of the Croghan soil and

some small areas of soils that have a cemented layer

10 to 16 inches below the surface. Included areas
St. Lawrence County, New York 111

range to 6 acres and make up about 20 percent of this

map unit.

Important properties of the Croghan soil—

Permeability: Rapid in the surface layer and very rapid

in the subsoil and substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Very low or low

Soil reaction: Very strongly acid to moderately acid in

the surface layer and very strongly acid to

moderately acid below

Erosion hazard: Moderate

Depth to water table: At a depth of 1.5 to 2.0 feet from

November to May

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Many areas of this soil are woodland. Some areas

are in cultivated crops, hay, or pasture. A few areas

are used as building sites.

This soil is well suited to most cultivated crops.

Droughtiness is a problem on this sandy soil, which

holds little water available for plants. Low natural

fertility and seasonal wetness are also limitations for

crops. Erosion is a hazard on the longer, steeper

slopes. Adding organic matter, lime, and fertilizer helps

to improve fertility. Applying lime and fertilizer in

frequent, small increments rather than all at once to

this permeable soil will prevent substantial losses from

leaching. Low and very low water holding capacity

causes droughtiness. Growing green manure crops

and adding other organic matter help to improve water

holding capacity. Irrigation can overcome

droughtiness, but it is generally not cost effective

unless combined with specialty crops. In some years a

seasonal high water table delays planting in spring

and harvesting in fall. Installing tile drains help to

improve drainage. Conservation tillage helps to control

wind and water erosion and to conserve soil moisture.

This soil is suitable for hay and pasture. Low natural

fertility and available water capacity limit productivity.

Adding lime and fertilizer in small increments

according to soil tests helps to improve fertility and to

sustain beneficial plants. Proper stocking rates and

pasture rotations help to protect desirable plants

subject to overgrazing in summer, when the soil has

little available water for plants.

Potential productivity for trees on this soil is

moderate. The soil is well adapted to machine planting

of seedlings. The soil is droughty, and seedling

mortality is a hazard. Plantings should be made in

early spring or late fall, when available soil moisture is

most plentiful. Forest protection from wildfire is

important on this soil because vegetation is difficult to

reestablish if the surface layer is destroyed.

The seasonal high water table is the main limitation

to use of these soils as a site for dwellings with

basements. Installing drains by footings helps to

reduce wetness. Adequately sealing foundations helps

to prevent wet basements. Included areas of Adams

soils have few limitations for dwellings.

Potential for frost action and the seasonal high

water table are the main limitations to use of this soil

as a site for local roads and streets. Providing coarser

grained subgrade or base material to frost depth helps

to prevent frost action from damaging pavement.

Constructing roads on raised fill material and installing

a drainage system help to compensate for wetness.

The seasonal high water table and excessive

permeability are the main limitations to use of this soil

as a site for septic tank absorption fields. In some

areas a special or unconventional septic system is

needed. The soil is a poor filter of sewage effluent, and

ground-water contamination is a hazard. An alternative

is to place the septic system on nearby or included

areas of soils more favorable to this use.

The capability subclass is 2w. The forestland

ordination symbol is 10S.

CvA—Croghan loamy fine sand, 0 to 3

percent slopes

This is a very deep, moderately well drained soil in

nearly level areas of sand plains. Areas of this soil are

irregular in shape and range from 6 to 30 acres.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Croghan soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 7 inches, dark brown loamy fine sand

Subsurface layer:

7 to 10 inches, pinkish gray sand

Subsoil:

10 to 12 inches, dark reddish brown sand

12 to 20 inches, red sand

20 to 33 inches, strong brown fine sand

33 to 44 inches, brown fine sand

Substratum:

44 to 72 inches, brown fine sand

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

somewhat poorly drained and poorly drained

Naumburg soils and very poorly drained Searsport

soils in low-lying pockets and along drainageways.

Also included are well drained to excessively drained

Adams soils on convex knobs and steeper slopes;
112 Soil Survey

some areas of the more gravelly Fahey soils; areas of

Flackville soils where a clay substratum is at a depth

of 20 to 40 inches; and areas of loamy Hogansburg

and Kalurah soils, which commonly have a stony

surface, on knolls and other high parts of the

landscape. Also included are small areas of soils that

have a significantly greater slope than that of the

Croghan soil and some small areas of soils that have

a cemented layer 10 to 16 inches below the surface.

Included areas range to 6 acres and make up about

20 percent of this unit.

Important properties of the Croghan soil—

Permeability: Rapid in the surface layer and very rapid

in the subsoil and substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Very low or low

Soil reaction: Very strongly acid to moderately acid in

the surface layer and very strongly acid to

moderately acid below

Erosion hazard: Slight

Depth to water table: At a depth of 1.5 to 2.0 feet from

November to May

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Many areas of this soil are used as woodland or for

agriculture. A few areas are used as building sites.

This soil is suited to many cultivated crops. Low

natural fertility, droughtiness in summer, and the

seasonal high water table are the main limitations.

Erosion is a hazard on longer, steeper slopes. Adding

organic matter, lime, and fertilizer help to improve

fertility. Applying fertilizer and lime in frequent, small

increments rather than all at once on this very rapidly

permeable soil helps to prevent substantial losses

from leaching. Low or very low water holding capacity

causes droughtiness on this soil. Growing green

manure crops and adding organic matter help to

improve water holding capacity. Irrigation helps to

overcome droughtiness, but on this soil irrigation

generally is not cost effective unless combined with

specialty crops. In some years a seasonal high water

table delays planting in spring and harvesting in fall.

Installing tile drains helps to reduce wetness.

Conservation tillage helps to control wind and water

erosion and to conserve soil moisture.

This soil is suited to hay and pasture. Adding soil

amendments helps to improve fertility and to sustain

beneficial plants. Maintaining proper stocking rates

and rotating pastures help to protect desirable plants

subject to overgrazing in summer when the soil has

little water available for plants.

Potential productivity for white pine on this soil is

moderate. The soil is well adapted to machine planting

of seedlings. It is droughty, however, and seedling

mortality is a hazard. Planting in early spring or late fall

when soil moisture is most available helps to ensure

good growth of seedlings. Protecting the forest from

wildfire is important on this soil because vegetation

is difficult to reestablish if the surface layer is

destroyed.

The seasonal high water table is the main limitation

to use of this soil as a site for dwellings with

basements. Installing drains by footings helps to

reduce wetness. Adequately sealing foundations helps

to prevent wet basements. Included areas of Adams

soils have few limitations for dwellings.

Potential for frost action and the seasonal high

water table are the main limitations to use of this soil

as a site for local roads and streets. Providing coarser

grained subgrade or base material to frost depth helps

to prevent frost action from damaging pavement.

Constructing roads on raised fill material and installing

a drainage system help to compensate for wetness.

The seasonal high water table and very rapid

permeability are the main limitations to use of this soil

as a site for septic tank absorption fields. The soil is a

poor filter of sewage effluent, and ground-water

contamination is a hazard. In some areas a special or

unconventional septic system is needed. An

alternative is to place the septic system on nearby or

included soils that are more favorable than the

Croghan soil to this use.

The capability subclass is 2w. The forestland

ordination symbol is 10S.

CvB—Croghan loamy fine sand, 3 to 8

percent slopes

This is a very deep, gently sloping, moderately well

drained soil on slightly convex parts of sand plains.

Areas of this soil are irregular in shape and range from

6 to 30 acres.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers in the Croghan soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 7 inches, dark brown loamy fine sand

Subsurface layer:

7 to 10 inches, pinkish gray sand

Subsoil:

10 to 12 inches, dark reddish brown sand

12 to 20 inches, red sand

20 to 33 inches, strong brown fine sand

33 to 44 inches, brown fine sand
St. Lawrence County, New York 113

Substratum:

44 to 72 inches, brown fine sand

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

somewhat poorly drained and poorly drained

Naumburg soils and very poorly drained Searsport

soils in low-lying pockets and along drainageways.

Also included are well drained to excessively drained

Adams soils on convex knobs and steeper slopes,

areas of more gravelly Fahey soils, and areas of

Flackville soils where a clay substratum is at a depth

of 20 to 40 inches. Also included are some areas of

loamy Hogansburg and Kalurah soils that in most

areas have stones on the surface and that are on

knolls and on other, high parts of the landscape. Also

included are small areas of soils that have a cemented

layer 10 to 16 inches below the surface. Included

areas range to 6 acres and make up about 20 percent

of this unit.

Important properties of the Croghan soil—

Permeability: Rapid in the surface layer and very rapid

in the subsoil and substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Very low or low

Soil reaction: Very strongly acid to moderately acid in

the surface layer and very strongly acid to

moderately acid below

Erosion hazard: Moderate

Depth to water table: At a depth of 1.5 to 2.0 feet from

November to May

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Many areas of this soil are used as woodland or for

agriculture. A few areas are used as building sites.

This soil is suitable for many cultivated crops. Low

natural fertility, droughtiness in summer, and a

seasonal high water table are the main limitations.

Erosion is a hazard on longer, steeper slopes. Adding

organic matter, lime, and fertilizer help to improve

fertility. Applying fertilizer and lime in frequent, small

increments rather than all at once on this very rapidly

permeable soil will prevent substantial losses from

leaching. This soil is droughty because of low and very

low water holding capacity. Growing green manure

crops and adding other organic matter help to improve

water holding capacity. Irrigation helps to overcome

droughtiness, but in most years it is not cost effective

unless combined with some specialty crops. In some

years a seasonal high water table delays planting in

spring and harvesting in fall. Installing tile drains helps

to improve drainage. Conservation tillage helps to

control wind and water erosion and to conserve soil

moisture.

This soil is suited to hay and pasture. Adding soil

amendments helps to improve fertility and to sustain

beneficial plants. Proper stocking rates and rotating

pastures help to protect desirable plant varieties

subject to overgrazing in summer, when the soil has

little water available for plants.

Potential productivity for trees on this soil is high.

The soil is well adapted to machine planting of

seedlings. Seedling mortality is a hazard because the

soil is droughty. Planting early in spring or late in fall

when soil moisture is most available helps to ensure

good growth. Protecting forests from wildfire is

important on these soils because vegetation is

difficult to reestablish if the surface layer is

destroyed.

The seasonal high water table is the main limitation

to use of these soils as a site for dwellings with

basements. Installing drains by footings helps to

reduce wetness. Adequately sealing foundations helps

to prevent wet basements. An alternative is to build

dwellings on included areas, such as Adams soils, that

have few limitations to this use.

Potential for frost action and the seasonal high

water table are the main limitations to use of this soil

as a site for local roads and streets. Providing coarser

grained subgrade or base material to frost depth helps

to prevent frost action from damaging pavement.

Constructing roads on raised fill material and

installing a drainage system help to compensate for

wetness.

The seasonal high water table and the very rapid

permeability are the main limitations to use of this soil

as a site for septic tank absorption fields. The soil is a

poor filter of sewage effluent, and ground-water

contamination is a hazard. A special or an

unconventional septic system is needed to

compensate for permeability and the poor filter. An

alternative is to place the septic system on nearby or

included areas of soils that are better suited than the

Croghan soil to this use.

The capability subclass is 2w. The forestland

ordination symbol is 10S.

Da—Dawson peat

This is a very deep, nearly level, very poorly

drained soil formed in moderately deep organic

deposits in low-lying basins and depressions. Small

hummocks and microknolls are prevalent across the

surface of an otherwise smooth terrain. Slopes range

from 0 to 2 percent. Most areas of this map unit are 10

to 200 acres, but the range is 6 to 1,000 acres.
114 Soil Survey

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers in the Dawson soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 5 inches, yellowish brown peat

Subsurface layer:

5 to 30 inches, black muck

Substratum:

30 to 72 inches, gray loamy sand

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

Loxley muck in deeper organic deposits near the

center of the unit. Also included are small areas of

very poorly drained Searsport soils and somewhat

poorly drained and poorly drained Naumburg soils on

slight knolls or at the edge of the unit and excessively

drained Colton soils; somewhat excessively drained

and excessively drained Adams soils; and moderately

well drained Croghan soils on knolls, gentle ridges, or

large hummocks. Searsport, Naumburg, Croghan, and

Adams soils are all sandy, and Colton soils are sandy

and gravelly. Also included are well drained Berkshire

soils, very poorly drained Tughill soils, and somewhat

poorly drained and poorly drained Lyme soils, all of

which are loamy; Tughill soils commonly have stones

and boulders on the surface. Also included are some

small areas of bedrock. Included areas range to 6

acres and make up about 25 percent of this unit.

Important properties of the Dawson soil—

Permeability: Moderate or moderately rapid in the

surface layer, moderately slow to moderately rapid

in the underlying organic material, and rapid in the

sandy substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): High

Soil reaction: Extremely acid in the organic material

and very strongly acid to slightly acid in the

substratum

Erosion hazard: Slight

Depth to water table: From 1 foot above the surface to

1 foot below from September to June

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Many areas of this soil are woodland. Some areas

are open sphagnum bogs.

These soils are not suited to agriculture unless they

are drained. They are generally in the lowest areas of

the landscape where drainage outlets are difficult to

find.

Potential productivity for balsam fir on these soils is

low or moderate. The seedling mortality rate is severe

because of the seasonal high water table. Selecting

water-tolerant species helps to improve seedling

survival. Windthrow is a severe hazard because the

high water table restricts root development. Minimizing

thinning and planting shallow-rooted species help to

reduce windthrow. The soil is soft and unstable when

wet and will not support heavy planting or logging

equipment. Logging in winter when the ground is

frozen reduces the problems from heavy equipment

use.

This soil is poorly suited to building site

development. The soil is soft and unstable when wet

and subsides when the water table is lowered.

Ponding and the seasonal high water table are severe

limitations to building site development. An alternative

is to locate building sites on nearby or included soils,

such as Berkshire soils, that are better suited to this

use.

The capability subclass is 5w. The forestland

ordination symbol is 2W.

Dd—Deford loamy fine sand

This is a very deep, nearly level, poorly drained soil

in slightly concave, low-lying areas of lake plains or

deltas. Slopes range from 0 to 2 percent. Areas of this

soil are mainly irregular in shape, except along

drainageways, where they are long and narrow. Most

areas are 6 to 50 acres, but the range is 6 to more

than 100 acres.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Deford soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 8 inches, very dark grayish brown loamy fine sand

Subsoil:

8 to 14 inches, gray loamy fine sand

14 to 24 inches, brownish gray and grayish brown

loamy fine sand

Substratum:

24 to 31 inches, yellowish brown loamy fine sand

31 to 72 inches, gray fine sand

Included with this soil in mapping are small spots of

Dorval muck in wetter pockets where organic matter

accumulates on the surface. Also included are

Swanton and Stockholm soils where clay is at a depth

of 20 to 40 inches and, in the higher topography, areas

of Mino soils that have slightly more silt and less sand

than the Deford soil. Also included are small areas of

loamy and generally stony Runeberg soils and some

small areas of moderately well drained, loamy
St. Lawrence County, New York 115

Hogansburg soils on small hills. Inclusions range to 6

acres and make up about 20 percent of this map unit.

Important properties of the Deford soil—

Permeability: Rapid throughout

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Very low or low

Soil reaction: Moderately acid to slightly alkaline in the

surface layer and the subsoil and neutral to

moderately alkaline in the substratum

Erosion hazard: Slight

Depth to water table: At the surface to a depth of 1 foot

from October to May

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Most areas of this soil are woodland. Some areas

are used as pasture or hayland or are idle.

This soil is poorly suited to cultivated crops. In

spring, the water table at or near the surface hinders

planting operations and limits root growth. In drained

areas, this soil is fairly suited to cultivated crops. In

some places drainage outlets are difficult to establish

because the soil is in low-lying positions. The rapid

permeability causes excessive leaching of plant

nutrients. Frequent, light applications of fertilizer help

to produce good yields.

This soil is suited to pasture and hayland. Where it

has artificial drainage and is top dressed with manure

and fertilizer, it is more productive and can support

shallow-rooted legumes. Grazing in spring when the

surface is wet causes surface compaction and loss of

pasture seeding. Fencing drainage ditches to exclude

animals helps to prevent the sloughing and filling in of

ditches.

Potential productivity for aspen on this soil is

moderate. The seasonal high water table limits use of

heavy equipment in spring and during other wet

periods. Logging when the surface is dry or in winter

when it is frozen reduces the problems from heavy

equipment use. The wet soil severely limits seedling

survival. Planting water-tolerant species helps to

improve productivity. The seasonal high water table

causes trees to have a shallow root zone and so trees

blow over easily. Minimizing thinning helps to reduce

windthrow.

The seasonal high water table is a severe limitation

to use of this soil as a site for dwellings. Drainage

systems that carry subsurface water away from

cellars, footers, and slab foundations help to prevent

problems from wetness. Adequately sealing

foundations helps to prevent wet basements. An

alternative is to build dwellings on included or nearby

soils, such as better drained Hogansburg soils, that

are better suited than the Deford soil to this use.

The seasonal high water table is a severe limitation

to use of this soil as a site for local roads and streets.

Constructing roads on raised fill material and installing

a drainage system help to compensate for wetness.

This soil is poorly suited to septic tank absorption

fields because of the seasonal high water table and

rapid permeability. The soil is a poor filter of sewage

effluent, and ground-water contamination or deposition

of effluent on the surface is a hazard. An alternative is

to place the septic system on included or nearby soils,

such as Berkshire soils, that are better suited than the

Deford soil to this use.

The capability subclass is 4w. The forestland

ordination symbol is 4W.

Df—Deford mucky loamy fine sand

This is a very deep, nearly level, very poorly

drained soil in flat, low-lying areas of lake plains or

deltas. Areas of this soil are mainly irregular in shape,

except along drainageways, where they are long and

narrow. Most areas are 6 to 50 acres, but the range is

6 to more than 100 acres.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers in the Deford soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 8 inches, very dark grayish brown mucky loamy

fine sand

Subsoil:

8 to 14 inches, gray loamy fine sand

14 to 24 inches, brownish gray and grayish brown

loamy fine sand

Substratum:

24 to 31 inches, yellowish brown loamy fine sand

31 to 72 inches, gray fine sand

Included with this soil in mapping are small spots of

Dorval muck in wetter pockets where a deeper layer of

organic matter has accumulated. Also included are

areas of Munuscong and Stockholm soils where clay

is at a depth of 20 to 40 inches, small areas of loamy

Runeberg soils where glacial till is adjacent to the unit,

and areas of sandy Cook soils where the substratum

is glacial till. Also included are small areas of loamy

and generally stony, moderately well drained

Hogansburg soils on small hills. Inclusions range to 6

acres and make up about 20 percent of this unit.

Important properties of the Deford soil—

Permeability: Rapid throughout
116 Soil Survey

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Very low or low

Soil reaction: Moderately acid to slightly alkaline in the

surface layer and the subsoil and neutral to

moderately alkaline in the substratum

Erosion hazard: Slight

Depth to water table: From 1 foot above to 1 foot below

the surface from October to May

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Most areas of this soil are swamp woodland. Some

areas are wetland or brushland.

This soil is poorly suited to most agricultural uses.

Water is ponded on the surface for much of spring and

the soil may even be saturated in summer, preventing

planting, reseeding, or timely application of fertilizer.

Achieving good yields is difficult because the soil is

saturated and natural fertility is low.

This soil is poorly suited to hayland and pasture.

Ponding in spring and wetness are the main

limitations. The soil could be used as pasture during

the driest part of summer with moderate forage yields.

Grazing when this soil is wet causes surface

compaction and loss of pasture seeding. The high

water table restricts root development. On pasture,

restricting grazing to periods when the soil is dry,

selecting shallow-rooted plant species, and regularly

applying fertilizer help to maintain quantity and quality

of forage.

Potential productivity for aspen on this soil is low or

moderate. The seasonal high water table limits use of

heavy equipment in spring and during other wet

periods. Logging in winter when the surface is frozen

reduces the problems from heavy equipment use. The

wet soil severely limits seedling survival. Planting

water-tolerant species helps to improve the seedling

survival rate. Windthrow is a hazard because

the seasonal high water table restricts root

development. Minimizing thinning helps to reduce

windthrow.

This soil is poorly suited to dwellings. Water is

ponded in spring, and the soil may be saturated for

much of the rest of the year. In some areas special

drainage systems help to reduce wetness. However,

this soil is in a low position on the landscape, outlets

are difficult to find, and drainage may not be effective.

An alternative is to use nearby or included soils, such

as Hogansburg soils, that are better suited to this use.

Ponding and the seasonal high water table are

severe limitations to use of this soil as a site for local

roads and streets. Constructing roads on raised fill

material and installing a drainage system help to

compensate for wetness. Generally, a suitable

alternative is to lay out roads around this soil.

This soil is poorly suited to use as a site for septic

tank absorption fields because of ponding and the

seasonal high water table. The soil is a poor filter of

sewage effluent, and contamination of both ground

water and surface water is a hazard. An alternative is

to place the septic system on soils that are better

suited than the Deford soil to this use.

The capability subclass is 5w. The forestland

ordination symbol is 4W.

DpA—Depeyster silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes

This is a very deep, nearly level, moderately well

drained soil on the tops of low hills and on dissected

plains. Areas are broad or elongated and have

irregular margins. They range from 6 to 20 acres.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers in the Depeyster soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 10 inches, dark grayish brown silt loam

Subsoil:

10 to 27 inches, brown silt loam

Substratum:

27 to 39 inches, alternating bands of light olive brown

very fine sand, strong brown very fine sandy loam,

and dark reddish gray silty clay loam

39 to 72 inches, alternating bands of yellowish brown

sandy loam, reddish gray silty clay loam, and

grayish brown very fine sand

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

somewhat poorly drained Hailesboro soils in slight

depressions and poorly drained and very poorly

drained Wegatchie soils in potholes. Also included are

small areas of finer textured Heuvelton soils, areas of

slightly coarser textured Salmon and Nicholville soils,

and, on knolls and areas of slightly raised relief, areas

of Summerville and Insula soils, which are 10 to 20

inches deep to bedrock. Also included are small areas

of rock outcrops and stones and, in places where

underlying glacial till protrudes to the surface, areas of

Pyrities and Grenville soils, which have a higher

content of rock fragments than that in the Depeyster

soil. Also included, notably along the border of

Jefferson County, are areas of soils that are warmer

than normal, usually by less than 2 degrees. Included

areas range to 6 acres and make up about 20 percent

of this map unit.

Important properties of the Depeyster soil—
St. Lawrence County, New York 117

Permeability: Moderate in the surface layer and slow

or moderately slow in the subsoil and substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): High

Soil reaction: Strongly acid to neutral in the surface

layer, slightly acid to neutral in the upper part of

the subsoil, slightly acid to slightly alkaline in the

lower part of the subsoil, and neutral to

moderately alkaline in the substratum

Erosion hazard: Slight

Depth to water table: At a depth of 1.5 to 2.0 feet from

March to May

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Most areas of this soil are used for cultivated crops

or hay. A few areas are pasture or woodland.

This soil is well suited to most crops grown in the

county. Seasonal wetness is the main limitation. In

some places wetness delays planting and interferes

with harvesting, especially on the included Wegatchie

soils. Installing subsurface drainage and selecting

short-season plants help to compensate for wetness.

Using cover crops and including grasses and legumes

in the cropping system help to maintain or to restore

soil tilth.

This soil is well suited to pasture and hayland and is

one of the better soils for growing alfalfa in the county.

Restricting livestock from pasture when the surface is

wet helps to prevent surface compaction. Overgrazing

reduces the quantity and quality of forage. Deferred

grazing and rotational grazing, adding lime and

fertilizer, harvesting at the proper stage of plant

growth, and controlling weeds and brush help

to increase the quantity and quality of feed and

forage.

Potential productivity for sugar maple on this soil is

moderate or high. Wetness from the seasonal high

water table is the main limitation. Restricting use of

heavy machinery to drier seasons of the year

minimizes rutting of wet soil.

The seasonal high water table is the main limitation

to use of this soil as a site for dwellings with

basements. Installing foundation drains and sealing

foundations help to prevent wet basements.

Frost action is the main limitation to use of this soil

as a site for local roads and streets. Providing thicker

and coarser grained subgrade material and adequate

drainage helps to prevent frost action from heaving

and cracking pavement.

Slow permeability and wetness are the main

limitations to use of this soil as a site for septic tank

absorption fields. Enlarging the absorption field and

using a wide, deep trench below the distribution lines

help to compensate for the slow permeability.

The capability subclass is 2w. The forestland

ordination symbol is 3A.

DpB—Depeyster silt loam, 2 to 6 percent

slopes

This is a very deep, gently sloping, moderately well

drained soil on backslopes and side slopes of gentle

hills or knolls or on dissected plains. Areas are

generally linear and have irregular margins. They

range from 6 to 20 acres.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers in the Depeyster soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 10 inches, dark grayish brown silt loam

Subsoil:

10 to 27 inches, brown silt loam

Substratum:

27 to 39 inches, alternating bands of light olive brown

very fine sand, strong brown very fine sandy loam,

and dark reddish gray silty clay loam

39 to 72 inches, alternating bands of yellowish brown

sandy loam, reddish gray silty clay loam, and

grayish brown very fine sand

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

somewhat poorly drained Hailesboro soils in slight

depressions and poorly drained and very poorly

drained Wegatchie soils in potholes. Also included are

small areas of finer textured Heuvelton soils, areas of

slightly coarser textured Salmon and Nicholville soils,

and, on knolls and in areas of slightly raised relief,

areas of Summerville and Insula soils, which are 10 to

20 inches deep to bedrock. Also included are small

areas of rock outcrops or stones. Also included, in

some places where underlying glacial till protrudes to

the surface, are areas of Pyrities and Grenville soils,

which have a higher content of rock fragments than

that in the Depeyster soil. Also included, notably along

the border of Jefferson County, are areas of soils that

are warmer than normal, usually by less than 2

degrees. Included areas range to 6 acres and make up

about 20 percent of this unit.

Important properties of the Depeyster soil—

Permeability: Moderate in the surface layer and slow

or moderately slow in the subsoil and substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): High

Soil reaction: Strongly acid to neutral in the surface
118 Soil Survey

layer, slightly acid to neutral in the upper part of

the subsoil, slightly acid to slightly alkaline in the

lower part of the subsoil, and neutral to

moderately alkaline in the substratum

Erosion hazard: Moderate

Depth to water table: At a depth of 1.5 to 2.0 feet from

March to May

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Most areas of this soil are used for cultivated crops

or hay. A few areas are pasture or woodland.

This soil is well suited to most crops grown in the

county. Erosion is a severe hazard on the longer,

steeper slopes. Seasonal wetness is the main

limitation. Cross-slope tillage, stripcropping, crop

rotations that emphasize sod crops, and conservation

tillage help to control erosion and to maintain or

restore tilth. In some years wetness delays planting

and interferes with harvesting, especially on the

included Wegatchie soils. Installing subsurface

drainage and selecting short-season plants help to

overcome wetness.

This soil is well suited to pasture and hayland. It is

one of the better soils for growing alfalfa in the county.

Restricting livestock on pasture when the surface is

wet helps to prevent surface compaction. Overgrazing

reduces the quantity and quality of forage. Deferred

grazing, rotational grazing, adding lime and fertilizer,

harvesting at the proper stage of plant growth, and

controlling weeds and brush help to increase quantity

and quality of feed and forage.

Potential productivity for sugar maple on this soil is

moderate. The seasonal high water table is the main

limitation. Restricting use of heavy machinery to drier

seasons minimizes rutting of wet soil.

The seasonal high water table is the main limitation

to use of this soil as a site for dwellings with

basements. Installing foundation drains and sealing

foundations help to prevent wet basements.

Potential for frost action is the main limitation to use

of this soil as a site for local roads and streets.

Providing thicker, coarser grained subgrade material

and adequate drainage helps to prevent frost action

from heaving and cracking pavement.

Slow permeability and the seasonal high water

table are the main limitations to use of this soil as a

site for septic tank absorption fields. Enlarging the

absorption field and using a wide, deep trench below

the distribution lines help to compensate for the slow

permeability and to reduce wetness.

The capability subclass is 2e. The forestland

ordination symbol is 3A.

DpC—Depeyster silt loam, rolling

This is a very deep, rolling, moderately well drained

soil on dissected lake plains or on footslopes of valley

walls where slopes are short and complex. Areas of

this soil are irregular in shape. They range from 6 to 30

acres. Slopes typically range from 5 to 15 percent.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers in the Depeyster soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 10 inches, dark grayish brown silt loam

Subsoil:

10 to 27 inches, brown silt loam

Substratum:

27 to 39 inches, alternating bands of light olive brown

very fine sand, strong brown very fine sandy loam,

and dark reddish gray silty clay loam

39 to 72 inches, alternating bands of yellowish brown

sandy loam, reddish gray silty clay loam, and

grayish brown very fine sand

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

somewhat poorly drained Hailesboro soils in slight

depressions and poorly drained and very poorly

drained Wegatchie soils in potholes. Also included are

small areas of finer textured Heuvelton soils, areas of

slightly coarser textured Salmon and Nicholville soils,

and, on knolls and in areas of slightly raised relief,

areas of Summerville and Insula soils, which are 10 to

20 inches deep to bedrock. Also included are small

areas of rock outcrops or stones. Also included, where

underlying glacial till protrudes to the surface, are

areas of Pyrities and Grenville soils, which have a

higher content of rock fragments than that in the

Depeyster soil. Also included, notably along the border

of Jefferson County, are areas of soils that are warmer

than normal, usually by less than 2 degrees. Included

areas range to 6 acres and make up about 20 percent

of this map unit.

Important properties of the Depeyster soil—

Permeability: Moderate in the surface layer and slow

or moderately slow in the subsoil and substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): High

Soil reaction: Strongly acid to neutral in the surface

layer, slightly acid to neutral in the upper part of

the subsoil, slightly acid to slightly alkaline in the

lower part of the subsoil, and neutral to

moderately alkaline in the substratum

Erosion hazard: Severe

Depth to water table: At a depth of 1.5 to 2.0 feet from

March to May
St. Lawrence County, New York 119

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Most areas of this soil are used as hayland or

pasture. Some areas are used for cultivated crops. A

few areas are wooded.

This soil is poorly suited to most crops grown in the

county. Erosion is a severe hazard, and the seasonal

high water table is a limitation. Conservation tillage

and crop rotations that emphasize sod crops help to

control erosion and to maintain or restore tilth. In some

years wetness delays planting and interferes with

harvesting, especially on included Wegatchie soils.

Installing subsurface drainage and planting shortseason plants help to overcome wetness.

This soil is fairly well suited to pasture and hayland.

The seasonal high water table is the main limitation.

Restricting livestock from pasture in early spring and

during other wet periods helps to maintain good soil

tilth. Drainage helps to increase productivity and

longevity of deep-rooted legumes. Overgrazing causes

loss of desirable plant species and a severe erosion

hazard. Proper stocking rates, rotational grazing,

yearly mowing, and additions of lime and fertilizer help

to protect stabilizing vegetation and to increase

quantity and quality of forage.

Potential productivity for sugar maple on this soil is

moderate. The erosion hazard and wetness are

management concerns. Building logging roads on the

contour, constructing water bars to protect roads when

not in use, and routing roads and skid trails to less

sloping areas help to control erosion. Restricting

equipment use when the soil is soft and wet helps to

prevent rutting.

The seasonal high water table is the main limitation

to use of this soil as a site for dwellings with

basements. Installing foundation drains and sealing

foundations help to prevent wet basements. Erosion is

a hazard on construction sites. Building dwellings in

less sloping areas and revegetating disturbed places

during or soon after construction help to control

erosion. An alternative is to use included areas of

Salmon soils, which have few limitations for dwellings.

This soil is fairly suited to use as a site for local

roads and streets. The seasonal high water table and

potential for frost action are the main limitations.

Adequate roadside ditches and culverts are needed to

divert water away from the road but not to disrupt local

land drainage. Providing a coarser subgrade and

revegetating roadsides and cutbanks soon after

construction help to prevent frost action from heaving

and buckling pavement and sloughing cutbanks.

Slow permeability and the seasonal high water

table are the main limitations to use of this soil as a

site for septic tank absorption fields. Special designs,

such as an enlarged absorption field; a wide, deep

trench below the distribution lines; or a drainage

system installed around the filter field help to

compensate for slow permeability and to reduce

wetness. An alternative is to place the absorption field

on included or nearby soils, such as Salmon soils, that

are better drained than the Depeyster soil.

The capability subclass is 3e. The forestland

ordination symbol is 3R.

Dr—Dorval muck

This is a very deep, nearly level, very poorly

drained soil that formed in organic deposits in lowlying basins and depressions. Small hummocks and

bumps are prevalent across otherwise smooth terrain.

Areas of this soil range from 6 to 200 acres. Slopes

range from 0 to 2 percent.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers in the Dorval soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 17 inches, black muck

Subsurface layer:

17 to 23 inches, very dark gray muck

23 to 31 inches, dark brown mucky peat

Substratum:

31 to 72 inches, gray silty clay

Included with this soil in mapping, commonly near

the center of the unit, are areas of Carbondale muck,

which are deeper than 51 inches to a mineral soil

layer. Also included, where streams flow into this unit,

are small areas of Fluvaquents and Borosaprists,

which are both subject to flooding. Also included are

some areas of shallow Insula soils or rock outcrops

and small areas of clayey Adjidaumo soils near the

edges of some units. Also included, on knolls and

small ridges, are small areas of well drained, loamy

Grenville and Pyrities soils and some areas, notably

along the border of Jefferson County, of soils that are

warmer than normal, usually by less than 2 degrees.

Included soils range to 6 acres and make up about 25

percent of this unit.

Important properties of the Dorval soil—

Permeability: Moderate to moderately rapid in the

organic soil layers and very slow in the substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): High

Soil reaction: Strongly acid to slightly alkaline in the
120 Soil Survey

organic soil layers and slightly acid to moderately

alkaline in the substratum

Erosion hazard: Slight

Depth to water table: Ranges from 1 feet above the

surface to 1 foot below from November to May

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Shrink-swell potential: Low in the organic layer and

high in the substratum

Potential for frost action: High

Flooding hazard: None

Almost all areas of this soil are in swampland,

woodland, or brushland.

This soil is not suited to cultivated crops, hay, or

pasture unless artificial drainage is installed.

Potential productivity for red maple on this soil is

moderate. The seedling mortality rate is severe

because of the seasonal high water table. Selecting

water-tolerant species helps to improve timber

production. The very shallow root zone on this soil

causes trees to blow over easily. Minimizing thinning

helps to reduce windthrow. The soil is soft and

unstable when wet and will not support heavy planting

or logging equipment. Logging in winter when the

ground is frozen reduces problems from heavy

equipment use.

This soil is poorly suited to dwellings because of

ponding, low strength, and excess humus. The soil is

soft and unstable when wet, and is subject to

considerable subsidence when drying or loading.

Nearby or included mineral soils, such as Grenville

and Pyrities soils, have better drainage than the

Dorval soil and are better suited to dwellings.

Potential subsidence, ponding of surface water, and

potential for frost action are severe limitations to use of

this soil as a site for local roads and streets. If

possible, roads could be built around these wet,

organic soils.

This soil is poorly suited to use as a site for septic

tank absorption fields. It is subject to ponding and has

a slow percolation rate. If the soil is used as a filter

field, ground-water contamination is a hazard.

However, the filter field could be placed on nearby

or included soils, such as Grenville and Pyrities soils,

that are better suited to this use.

The capability subclass is 5w. The forestland

ordination symbol is 2W.

Du—Dune land

This map unit consists of wind-deposited sand on

mounds and knolls generally on ancient river deltas.

Most areas of Dune land are near the St. Regis River

and the Oswegatchie River. The dunes support little or

no plant cover and in most places they are actively

eroding. In some places they encroach on tree

plantations along the perimeters of the map unit.

Slopes are mostly undulating and rolling, and range

from 3 to 15 percent.

Dune land is generally light gray or brown sand to a

depth of 60 inches or more. In places numerous windpolished pebbles are on the surface.

Included with this unit in mapping are small areas of

well drained loamy soils. Numerous polished stones

that developed on old blown out spots are on the

surface. Also included, in some convex areas where

trees and shrubs have stabilized the surface of the

soil, are small areas of Adams soils. Also included, in

some swales and small depressions with stabilizing

vegetation, are small areas of somewhat poorly

drained and poorly drained Naumburg soils and

moderately well drained Croghan soils. Also included

are small areas of rock outcrops and areas that have

significantly greater slopes. Inclusions range to 6

acres and make up about 15 percent of this unit.

Important properties of Dune land—

Permeability: Rapid or very rapid throughout

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Very low

Soil reaction: Very strongly acid to moderately acid

throughout

Erosion hazard: Severe hazard of wind erosion

Depth to water table: More than 6 feet

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: Low

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Dune land is not well suited to use as agricultural

land or forestland. Wind erosion is a severe hazard

because of extremely low fertility and very low water

holding capacity. Dune land needs to be vegetated and

stabilized. Planting drought-resistant trees or grasses

and restricting all wheeled traffic helps in stabilizing

Dune land.

Dune land is suitable as a site for dwellings with

basements; however, it is unsuitable as a site for

septic tank absorption fields because these highly

permeable sands are a poor filter of effluent. Also,

cutbanks caving in is a severe hazard during

construction. For personal safety, before deep, narrow

excavations are entered cutbanks need to be shored

up and buttressed to prevent cave-ins. Onsite

investigation is needed to find any included or nearby

soils that are better suited to these uses.

Dune land is suitable for local roads and streets.

Vegetating and stabilizing roadsides help to keep the

road free of blowing and drifting sands. Intensive
St. Lawrence County, New York 121

management is needed to stabilize roadsides because

of low available water capacity and low fertility of Dune

land.

The capability subclass is 8. Dune land was not

assigned an ordination symbol.

EeB—Eelweir fine sandy loam, 2 to 8

percent slopes

This is a very deep, gently sloping, moderately well

drained soil on old stream terraces or old beaches.

Most areas of this soil are irregular in shape, but some

areas are long and narrow. Most areas are 6 to 20

acres, but the range is 6 to more than 40 acres.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers in the Eelweir soil—

Surface:

0 to 10 inches, dark brown fine sandy loam

Subsoil:

10 to 29 inches, dark yellowish brown fine sandy loam

Substratum:

29 to 35 inches, brown very fine sandy loam

35 to 72 inches, yellowish brown loamy fine sand and

sand

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

somewhat poorly drained Mino soils. Also included are

small areas of finer textured, well drained Salmon soils

and where a clay substratum is near the surface,

some small areas of loamy over clayey Elmwood soils

or sandy over clayey Flackville soils. Also included, in

slight depressions, are small areas of somewhat

poorly drained and poorly drained Swanton soils,

which have a clayey substratum. Also included are

well drained, loamy Grenville and Pyrities soils and

some nearby areas of stony soils on small hills or

ridges; small areas of soils that are steeper than the

Eelweir soil; and some small areas of rock outcrops.

Included areas range to 6 acres and make up about

20 percent of this unit.

Important properties of the Eelweir soil—

Permeability: Moderate or moderately rapid in the

surface layer, subsoil, and upper part of the

substratum, and moderately rapid or rapid in the

lower part of the substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Moderate or high

Soil reaction: Strongly acid to slightly acid in the

surface layer, moderately acid to neutral in the

subsoil, and moderately acid to slightly alkaline in

the substratum

Erosion hazard: Slight

Depth to water table: At a depth of 1.5 to 2.0 feet in

November to May

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Most areas of this soil are used for cultivated crops,

hay, and pasture. Some areas are woodland.

This soil is well suited to cultivated crops. It is easily

tilled when moist. In some years seasonal wetness in

early spring and late fall hinders planting and

harvesting, particularly in the included wetter areas.

Subsurface drainage helps to reduce wetness. Erosion

is a hazard on longer, steeper slopes. Cross-slope

tillage, stripcropping, and conservation tillage help to

control erosion.

This soil is well suited to hayland and pasture. In

some years the seasonal high water table restricts

root growth of some legumes. Grazing when the soil is

wet causes surface compaction and in some areas

loss of pasture seeding. Overgrazing reduces the

quantity and quality of forage. Deferred grazing,

rotational grazing, adding lime and fertilizer, harvesting

at the proper stage of plant growth, and controlling

weeds and brush help to increase quantity and quality

of feed and forage.

Potential productivity for sugar maple on this soil is

moderate or high. In some areas the seasonal high

water table restricts rooting depth and causes trees to

blow over more easily. Minimizing thinning helps to

reduce windthrow. Seedlings survive and grow well if

competing vegetation is controlled.

The seasonal high water table is the main limitation

to use of this soil as a site for dwellings with

basements. Installing foundation drains and sealing

foundations help to prevent wet basements.

Potential for frost action and wetness are moderate

limitations to use of this soil as a site for local roads

and streets. Providing coarser grained subgrade and

base material to frost depth helps to prevent frost

action from heaving and buckling pavement. Installing

adequate drainage and providing coarser grained

subgrade material help to compensate for wetness.

The seasonal high water table and rapid

permeability in the substratum are the main limitations

to use of this soil as a site for septic tank absorption

fields. Because of the permeability, the soil is a poor

filter of effluent and ground-water contamination is a

hazard. Installing a drainage system around the filter

field and enlarging the filter field helps to reduce

wetness and to compensate for permeability. In some

areas special designs for septic systems are needed

to compensate for permeability and the poor filter. An
122 Soil Survey

alternative is to place the septic system on included or

nearby soils, such as Pyrities soils, that are better

suited to this use.

The capability subclass is 2w. The forestland

ordination symbol is 3A.

EmA—Elmwood fine sandy loam, 0 to 3

percent slopes

This is a very deep, nearly level, moderately well

drained soil on marine or lake plains, where glacial

streams, rivers, or a wind-deposited, thin mantle of

fine sand and silt overlies lacustrine or marine clayey

materials. Areas of this soil are generally irregular in

shape, but some areas are long and narrow. Areas are

commonly 6 to 20 acres, but the range is 6 to more

than 40 acres.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers in the Elmwood soil—

Surface:

0 to 6 inches, brown fine sandy loam

Subsoil:

6 to 25 inches, brown and yellowish brown fine sandy

loam

Substratum:

25 to 72 inches, dark brown silty clay

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

somewhat poorly drained or poorly drained Swanton

soils in slightly concave depressions or in steep areas.

Also included are moderately well drained, finer

textured Heuvelton and Depeyster soils in areas that

have a very thin, loamy mantle; some areas of

Flackville soils where the overlying mantle is sandier

than that for the Elmwood soil; and, where the clay

layer is at a depth greater than 40 inches, areas of

Eelweir soils that do not have a closely underlying clay

substratum. Also included are some areas of well

drained loamy, generally stony Grenville and Pyrities

soils on small hills, knolls, or ridges and some small

areas of rock outcrops. Included areas range to 6

acres and make up about 20 percent of this unit.

Important properties of the Elmwood soil—

Permeability: Moderately rapid in the surface layer and

subsoil and very slow or slow in the clayey

substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Moderate or high

Soil reaction: Very strongly acid to slightly acid in the

surface layer and the subsoil and moderately acid

to slightly alkaline in the substratum

Erosion hazard: Slight

Depth to water table: Perched above the clayey

substratum at a depth of 1.5 to 3.0 feet from

November to May

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: Low in the surface layer and the

subsoil and moderate in the substratum

Flooding hazard: None

Most areas of this soil are used for cultivated crops,

hayland, or pasture. Some areas are woodland.

This soil is well suited to cultivated crops. It is easily

tilled when moist. In some years, seasonal wetness in

early spring and late fall hinders planting and

harvesting, particularly in included wetter areas.

Subsurface drainage helps to reduce wetness.

This soil is well suited to hayland and pasture. The

seasonal high water table and the fine textured

substratum restrict root growth of some legumes.

Grazing when the soil is wet causes surface

compaction and in some areas loss of pasture

seeding. Overgrazing reduces quantity and quality of

forage. Deferred grazing, rotational grazing, adding

lime and fertilizer, harvesting at the proper stage of

plant growth, and controlling weeds and brush help to

increase quantity and quality of feed and forage.

Potential productivity for white pine on this soil is

moderate or high. In some areas the seasonal high

water table and the clayey substratum restrict root

development and windthrow is a moderate hazard.

Minimizing thinning helps to reduce windthrow.

Seedlings survive and grow well if competing

vegetation is controlled.

The seasonal high water table is the main limitation

to use of this soil as a site for dwellings with

basements. Installing foundation drains and sealing

the foundation help to prevent wet basements.

Potential for frost action and low strength are the

main limitations to use of this soil as a site for local

roads and streets. Providing coarser grained subgrade

and base material to frost depth helps to prevent frost

action from damaging pavement. Providing suitable

subgrade materials or using special construction

methods for adequate support helps to increase

strength and stability of this soil.

Slow or very slow permeability in the substratum

and the seasonal high water table are the main

limitations to use of this soil as a site for septic tank

absorption fields. Enlarging the absorption field and

placing a wide, deep trench below the distribution lines

help to compensate for permeability. Installing a

drainage system around the filter field helps to reduce

wetness. In some areas special designs for septic

systems are needed to overcome permeability and
St. Lawrence County, New York 123

wetness. An alternative is to lay out the absorption

field on included or nearby soils, such as Pyrities soils,

that are more favorable to this use.

The capability subclass is 2w. The forestland

ordination symbol is 8A.

EmB—Elmwood fine sandy loam, 3 to 8

percent slopes

This is a very deep, gently sloping, moderately well

drained soil on marine or lake plains where glacial

streams, rivers, or a wind-deposited, thin mantle of

fine sand and silt overlies lacustrine or marine clayey

materials. Most areas of this soil are irregular in shape.

Areas are 6 to 20 acres, but the range is 6 to more

than 40 acres.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers in the Elmwood soil—

Surface:

0 to 6 inches, brown fine sandy loam

Subsoil:

6 to 25 inches, brown and yellowish brown fine sandy

loam

Substratum:

25 to 72 inches, dark brown silty clay

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

somewhat poorly drained or poorly drained Swanton

soils in slightly concave depressions or in steep areas.

Also included are moderately well drained Heuvelton

and Depeyster soils where a very thin, loamy mantle

overlies the clay and areas of Flackville soils where

the overlying mantle is sandier than that in the

Elmwood soil. Also included are Eelweir soils where

the underlying clayey substratum is deeper than 40

inches; areas of commonly stony, loamy, well drained

Grenville and Pyrities soils on small, slightly higher

knolls and hillsides; and some small areas of rock

outcrops. Included areas range to 6 acres and make

up about 20 percent of this map unit.

Important properties of the Elmwood soil—

Permeability: Moderately rapid in the surface layer and

subsoil and very slow or slow in the clayey

substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Moderate or high

Soil reaction: Very strongly acid to slightly acid in the

surface layer and the subsoil and moderately acid

to slightly alkaline in the substratum

Erosion hazard: Slight

Depth to water table: Perched above the clayey

substratum at a depth of 1.5 to 3.0 feet from

November to May

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: Low in the surface layer and the

subsoil and moderate in the substratum

Flooding hazard: None

Most areas of this soil are used for cultivated crops,

hayland, or pasture. Some areas are woodland.

This soil is well suited to cultivated crops. It is easily

tilled when moist. In some years seasonal wetness in

early spring and late fall hinders planting and

harvesting, particularly in included wetter areas.

Subsurface drainage helps to reduce wetness. On

longer, steeper slopes, erosion is a hazard.

Stripcropping, conservation tillage, and crop rotations

that emphasize sod crops help to control erosion.

This soil is well suited to hayland and pasture. The

seasonal high water table and the finely textured

substratum limit root growth of some legumes. Grazing

when the soil is wet causes surface compaction and in

some areas loss of pasture seeding. Overgrazing

reduces quantity and quality of forage. Deferred

grazing, rotational grazing, adding lime and fertilizer,

harvesting at the proper stage of plant growth, and

controlling weeds and brush help to increase quantity

and quality of feed and forage.

Potential productivity for white pine on this soil is

moderate or high. In some areas the seasonal high

water table and the clayey substratum restrict rooting

depth and windthrow is a moderate hazard. Minimizing

thinning helps to reduce windthrow. Seedlings survive

and grow well if competing vegetation is controlled.

The seasonal high water table is the main limitation

to use of this soil as a site for dwellings with

basements. Installing foundation drains and sealing

foundations help to prevent wet basements.

Potential for frost action and low strength are the

main limitations to use of this soil as a site for local

roads and streets. Providing coarser grained subgrade

and base material to frost depth helps to prevent frost

action from damaging pavement. Providing a suitable

subgrade material or using special construction

methods for adequate support helps to increase

strength and stability of this soil.

Slow or very slow permeability and the seasonal

high water table are the main limitations to use of this

soil as a site for septic tank absorption fields.

Enlarging the absorption field and placing a wide,

deep trench below the distribution lines help to

compensate for permeability. Installing a drainage

system around the filter field helps to reduce wetness.

In some areas special designs for septic systems are

needed to compensate for permeability and wetness.
124 Soil Survey

An alternative is to place the absorption field on

nearby or included soils more favorable to this use.

The capability subclass is 2w. The forestland

ordination symbol is 8A.

Fa—Fahey loamy fine sand

This is a very deep, nearly level, moderately well

drained soil on gentle ridges and knolls. Most areas of

this soil are elliptical in shape. Areas range from 6 to

50 acres. Slopes range from 0 to 3 percent.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers in the Fahey soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 7 inches, very dark grayish brown loamy fine sand

Subsoil:

7 to 27 inches, brown very gravelly loamy fine sand

27 to 31 inches, dark brown very gravelly loamy sand

Substratum:

31 to 39 inches, yellowish brown gravelly loamy sand

39 to 72 inches, dark yellowish brown very gravelly

loamy sand

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

very poorly drained and poorly drained Cook soils,

somewhat poorly drained Coveytown soils, and

excessively drained Trout River soils. Cook and

Coveytown soils are in low-lying areas or in

depressions. Trout River soils are on convex ridges or

hilltops. Also included are small areas of the sandy

Croghan soils that do not contain many rock

fragments. Also included are loamy Kalurah soils and

loamy, well drained Pyrities soils on some hillsides.

Included areas range to 6 acres and make up about

20 percent of this unit.

Important properties of the Fahey soil—

Permeability: Rapid throughout

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Very low

Soil reaction: Very strongly acid to moderately acid in

the surface layer, moderately acid to neutral in the

subsoil, and moderately acid to moderately

alkaline in the substratum

Erosion hazard: Slight

Depth to water table: At a depth of 1.5 to 2 feet from

March to May

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: Low

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding Hazard: None

Many areas of this soil are in cultivated crops.

Some areas are hayland, pasture, or forest.

This soil is suitable for many cultivated crops, but it

requires intensive management for satisfactory yields.

Low natural fertility, droughtiness in summer, and a

seasonal high water table are the main limitations.

Adding organic matter, lime, and fertilizer helps to

improve fertility. Adding fertilizer and lime to this rapidly

permeable soil in frequent, small increments rather

than all at once helps to prevent substantial losses

from leaching. The water holding capacity of this soil is

very low, and the soil is droughty. Planting green

manure crops and adding organic matter help to

increase the water available for crops. Irrigation helps

to overcome droughtiness, but irrigation generally is

not cost effective unless combined with some

specialty crops. In some years the seasonal high

water table delays planting in spring and harvesting in

fall. Installing tile drains helps to improve drainage.

This soil is suited to hay and pasture. Adding soil

amendments helps to improve fertility and to sustain

beneficial plants. Proper stocking rates and pasture

rotation help to protect the desirable plants especially

subject to overgrazing in summer, when the soil has

little water available for plants.

Potential productivity for white pine on this soil is

moderate. There are no limitations to woodland use

and management.

The seasonal high water table is the main limitation

to use of this soil as a site for dwellings with

basements. Installing drains by footings helps to

reduce wetness. Adequately sealing foundations helps

to prevent wet basements. An alternative is to build

dwellings on included Trout River and Pyrities soils,

which have few limitations for dwellings.

The seasonal high water table is the main limitation

to use of this soil as a site for local roads and streets.

Constructing roads on raised fill material and installing

drainage systems help to reduce wetness.

The seasonal high water table and rapid

permeability are the main limitations to use of this soil

as a site for septic tank absorption fields. In some

areas special or unconventional designs for septic

systems are needed to overcome these limitations. An

alternative is to place the absorption field on nearby or

included soils, such as Pyrities soils, that are more

favorable to this use.

The capability subclass is 2w. The forestland

ordination symbol is 8A.

FkA—Flackville loamy fine sand, 0 to 3

percent slopes

This is a very deep, nearly level, moderately well

drained soil on marine or lake plains where glacial
St. Lawrence County, New York 125

streams or rivers deposited a thin mantle of sand

over marine or lacustrine silts and clays. Most areas

of this soil are irregular in shape. Areas are 6 to

20 acres, but the range is 6 to more than 100

acres.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers in the Flackville soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 9 inches, very dark grayish brown loamy fine sand

Subsurface layer:

9 to 11 inches, dark brown and reddish brown loamy

fine sand

Subsoil:

11 to 29 inches, brown loamy fine sand and fine sand

Substratum:

29 to 72 inches, yellowish brown varved silty clay and

silty clay loam

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

poorly drained Stockholm soils in depressions and

along drainageways. Also included are moderately well

drained Heuvelton and Depeyster soils where the

sandy mantle is less than 18 inches thick, areas of

Adams and Croghan soils where the sandy mantle is

deeper than 40 inches, and areas of Elmwood soils

where the overlying mantle is not as sandy as that in

the Flackville soil. Also included, on small hills and

knolls, are loamy Pyrities and Kalurah soils, which

commonly have stones on the surface. Also included

are some small areas of rock outcrops. Included areas

range to 6 acres and make up about 20 percent of this

unit.

Important properties of the Flackville soil—

Permeability: Rapid in the surface layer and subsoil

and very slow or slow in the clayey

substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Low or moderate

Soil reaction: Strongly acid to slightly acid in the

surface layer, strongly acid to neutral in the

subsoil, and neutral to moderately alkaline in the

substratum

Erosion hazard: Slight

Depth to water table: Perched above the clayey

substratum at a depth of 1.5 to 2.0 feet from

November to May

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Shrink-swell potential: Low in the surface layer and the

subsoil and moderate in the substratum

Flooding hazard: None

Most areas of this soil are used for cultivated crops

or hay. Other areas are woodland.

This soil is suited to cultivated crops, but it requires

intensive management for satisfactory yields. Adding

organic matter and fertilizer helps to improve the low

fertility. However, adding fertilizer and lime in frequent,

small increments will avoid the losses from leaching in

the rapidly permeable surface layer and subsoil. In dry

summers the sandy upper layers of this soil are

droughty. Adding manure and crop residue to the soil

help to increase the water available to crops. In some

years the seasonal high water table delays planting in

spring and harvesting in fall, particularly on included,

wetter areas. Installing subsurface drainage helps to

reduce wetness.

This soil is suited to hayland and pasture. The

seasonal high water table and the finely textured

substratum restrict root growth of some legumes.

Natural fertility is low, and regular applications of lime

and fertilizer are needed to obtain adequate yields.

Overgrazing reduces quantity and quality of forage

and increases the hazard of erosion. Deferred grazing

and rotational grazing help to increase quantity and

quality of feed and forage.

Potential productivity for sugar maple on this soil is

moderately high. There are no limitations to woodland

use and management.

Wetness from the seasonal high water table is the

main limitation to use of this soil as a site for dwellings

with basements. Installing foundation drains and

sealing foundations help to prevent wet basements.

Wetness and potential for frost action are the main

limitations to use of this soil as a site for local roads

and streets. Providing coarser grained subgrade or

base material to frost depth helps to prevent frost

action from damaging pavement. Laying out roads and

streets on raised fill material and providing adequate

drainage help to reduce wetness.

Wetness and slow or very slow permeability in the

substratum are the main limitations to use of this soil

as a site for septic tank absorption fields. Installing a

drainage system around the filter field helps to reduce

wetness. The soil is a poor filter of effluent, and

ground-water contamination is a hazard. Enlarging the

absorption field and placing a wide, deep trench below

the distribution lines help to compensate for the slow

permeability in the substratum. An unconventional

design for a septic system is needed to compensate

for the rapid permeability in the surface layer and the

subsoil. An alternative is to place the absorption field

on included or nearby soils, such as Pyrities soils, that

are more favorable to this use.

The capability subclass is 2w. The forestland

ordination symbol is 3S.
126 Soil Survey

FkB—Flackville loamy fine sand, 3 to 8

percent slopes

This is a very deep, nearly level, moderately well

drained soil on ancient marine or lake plains where

glacial streams or rivers deposited a thin mantle of

sand over marine or lacustrine silts and clays. Most

areas of the soil are on simple, sloping, terracelike

landforms. Some areas are on complex networks of

hummocks and low hills. Most areas of this soil are

irregular in shape. Areas are 6 to 20 acres, but the

range is 6 to more than 100 acres.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Flackville soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 9 inches, very dark grayish brown loamy fine sand

Subsurface layer:

9 to 11 inches, dark brown and reddish brown loamy

fine sand

Subsoil:

11 to 29 inches, brown loamy fine sand and fine sand

Substratum:

29 to 72 inches, yellowish brown, varved silty clay and

silty clay loam

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

poorly drained Stockholm soils in depressions and

along drainageways. Also included are areas of

moderately well drained, finer textured Heuvelton and

Depeyster soils that have either a very thin sandy

mantle or no mantle; areas of excessively drained and

somewhat excessively drained Adams soils in higher

areas of the topography; and areas of Elmwood soils

where a loamy mantle overlies the clay substratum.

Also included are small areas of steeper soils, areas

of loamy Pyrities and Kalurah soils on small knolls or

ridges, and some small areas of rock outcrops. Also

included, notably along the border of Jefferson County,

are areas of soils that are warmer than normal, usually

by less than 2 degrees. Included areas range to 6

acres and make up about 20 percent of this map unit.

Important properties of the Flackville soil—

Permeability: Rapid in the surface layer and subsoil

and very slow or slow in the clayey substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Low or moderate

Soil reaction: Strongly acid to slightly acid in the

surface layer, strongly acid to neutral in the

subsoil, and neutral to moderately alkaline in the

substratum

Erosion hazard: Slight

Depth to water table: Perched above the clayey

substratum at a depth of 1.5 to 2.0 feet from

November to May

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Shrink-swell potential: Low in the surface layer and the

subsoil and moderate in the substratum

Flooding hazard: None

Most areas of this soil are used for cultivated crops

or hay. Other areas are woodland.

This soil is suited to cultivated crops, but intensive

management is needed for satisfactory yields. Adding

organic matter and fertilizer helps to improve low

natural fertility. The surface layer and the subsoil are

rapidly permeable, and applying fertilizer and lime in

frequent, small increments helps to prevent losses

from leaching. The sandy, upper layers of this soil are

droughty in dry summers. Adding manure and crop

residue to the soil helps to increase the water available

to crops. In some years the seasonal high water table

delays planting in spring and harvesting in fall,

particularly in the included, wetter areas. Installing

subsurface drainage helps to reduce wetness. Erosion

is a hazard on longer, steeper slopes. Contour

plowing, stripcropping, and conservation tillage help to

control erosion.

This soil is suited to hayland and pasture. The

seasonal high water table and the finely textured

substratum restrict root growth of some legumes.

Natural fertility is low on this soil, and regular

applications of lime and fertilizer are needed to obtain

adequate yields. Overgrazing reduces quantity and

quality of forage and increases the hazard of erosion.

Deferred grazing and rotational grazing help to

increase quantity and quality of feed and forage.

Potential productivity for sugar maple on this soil is

moderately high. There are no limitations to woodland

use and management.

The seasonal high water table is the main limitation

to use of this soil as a site for dwellings with

basements. Installing foundation drains and sealing

foundations help to prevent wet basements.

Wetness and potential for frost action are the main

limitations to use of this soil as a site for local roads

and streets. Building on raised fill material and

providing adequate drainage help to reduce wetness.

Providing coarser grained subgrade or base material

to frost depth helps to prevent frost action from

damaging pavement.

The seasonal high water table and very slow or

slow permeability in the substratum are the main

limitations to use of this soil as a site for septic tank

absorption fields. Installing a drainage system around

the filter field helps to reduce wetness. Enlarging the
St. Lawrence County, New York 127

absorption field and placing a wide, deep trench below

the distribution lines help to compensate for the slow

permeability. Because of the rapid permeability in the

subsoil, the soil is a poor filter of sewage effluent and

ground-water contamination is a hazard. An

unconventional septic system is needed to

compensate for the rapid permeability. An alternative

is to place the absorption field on nearby or included

soils, such as Pyrities soils, that are more favorable to

this use.

The capability subclass is 2w. The forestland

ordination symbol is 3S.

Fu—Fluvaquents-Udifluvents complex,

frequently flooded

This map unit consists of nearly level to gently

sloping, very deep, poorly drained to well drained soils

on rough, broken, and dissected flood plains adjacent

to streams. These soils are mostly sandy or loamy and

have varying amounts of small stones. Slope ranges

from 0 to 8 percent. Areas are elongated and parallel

to each other or they bracket streams. They consist of

about 50 percent Fluvaquents, 35 percent Udifluvents,

and 15 percent other soils. Fluvaquents and

Udifluvents are intermingled so closely that they

could not be separated at the scale selected for

mapping.

Generally, the sequence and composition of the

layers of Fluvaquents—

Surface soil:

0 to 10 inches, black or dark gray sand to silty clay

loam

Substratum:

10 to 72 inches, mottled, gray to brown sand to silty

clay loam

Generally, the sequence and composition of the

layers of Udifluvents—

Surface soil:

0 to 10 inches, brown loam to sand and varying

amounts of gravel and cobbles

Substratum:

10 to 72 inches, various shades of brown loam to sand

and varying amounts of gravel and cobbles

Included with these soils in mapping are small

areas of smoother, somewhat poorly drained, loamy

Redwater soils. Also included are some small areas of

somewhat excessively drained and excessively

drained, sandy Adams soils; small areas of very poorly

drained Borosaprists; and areas of moderately deep

soils. Included areas range to 6 acres and make up

about 15 percent of this unit.

Important properties of Fluvaquents—

Permeability: Slow to rapid throughout

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Low to high

Soil reaction: Very strongly acid to neutral in the

surface layer and very strongly acid to moderately

alkaline in the substratum

Erosion hazard: Severe for streambanks

Depth to water table: From 0.5 foot above the surface

to 1.5 feet below the surface from October to June

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: Frequent flooding

Important properties of Udifluvents—

Permeability: Slow to rapid throughout

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Very low to high

Soil reaction: Very strongly acid to neutral in the

surface layer and very strongly acid to moderately

alkaline in the substratum

Erosion hazard: Severe for streambanks

Depth to water table: From 1.5 to 6 feet deep from

November to May

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: Frequent

Most areas of these soils are brushland or are used

as wildlife habitat.

These soils are poorly suited to agriculture.

These soils are suitable for unimproved pasture.

Seeding pasture during annual floods is difficult. The

topography of these soils is rough, and generally it is

not practical to spread manure, to add lime and

fertilizer, and to mow yearly. Proper stocking rates

prevent overgrazing, which can damage pasture

seeding and cause a hazard of erosion. Restricting

livestock when these soils are wet prevents surface

compaction and protects soil tilth.

Potential productivity for all commercial trees on

these soils is low. Red maple, basswood, oak,

cottonwood, and aspen are common in native stands.

The broken topography obstructs machine planting

and harvesting. Seedling mortality likely is high

because of the seasonal high water table on

Fluvaquents, droughtiness on Udifluvents, and

frequent flooding. Hand-planting seedlings under ideal

field moisture conditions and scalping around the

planting site help to ensure survival of seedlings.
128 Soil Survey

This map unit is unsuitable for dwellings, local roads

and streets, and septic tank absorption fields because

frequent flooding is a hazard.

The capability subclass is 5w for Fluvaquents,

frequently flooded. Udifluvents, frequently flooded,

were not assigned a capability subclass. Fluvaquents

and Udifluvents were not assigned an ordination

symbol.

GrB—Grenville fine sandy loam, 3 to 8

percent slopes

This is a very deep, gently sloping, well drained soil

on tops and upper side slopes of knolls and ridges on

glacial till plains. Most areas of this soil are irregular in

shape and 6 to 20 acres, but the range is 6 to more

than 50 acres.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Grenville soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 5 inches, very dark grayish brown fine sandy loam

Subsoil:

5 to 26 inches, yellowish brown and brown fine sandy

loam

26 to 37 inches, brown and pale brown fine sandy

loam

Substratum:

37 to 72 inches, grayish brown sandy loam

Included with this soil in mapping are small, slightly

concave areas of moderately well drained Hogansburg

soils and somewhat poorly drained Malone soils. Also

included are small areas of shallow Insula soils,

moderately deep Nehasne soils where bedrock is less

than 40 inches below the surface, and areas of rock

outcrops. Also included are sandy Adams soils and

gravelly Waddington soils on small deposits of sand

and gravel. Included areas range to 6 acres and make

up about 20 percent of this map unit.

Important properties of the Grenville soil—

Permeability: Moderate in the surface layer and subsoil

and moderately slow in the substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Moderate

 Soil reaction: Strongly acid to slightly acid in the

surface layer, moderately acid to neutral in the

subsoil, and slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

in the substratum

Erosion hazard: Moderate

Depth to water table: More than 6 feet throughout the

year

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Most areas of this soil are used for cultivated crops

or hayland.

This soil is well suited to cultivated crops. Erosion is

a hazard, especially on longer, steeper slopes.

Conservation tillage, cover crops, contour farming, and

crop rotations help to control erosion and to maintain

soil tilth. Adding lime and fertilizer according to soil

tests helps to improve crop yields. Periodic stone

removal is needed to prevent excessive wear on

machinery.

This soil is well suited to hayland and pasture.

Regular fertilizing and mowing are needed to maintain

productive stands. Overgrazing of desired plants is a

hazard, particularly in dry summers.

Potential productivity for sugar maple on this soil is

high. There are few limitations to planting, harvesting,

or managing woodlots on this soil.

This soil is well suited to dwellings with basements.

Potential for frost action is a moderate limitation to

use of this soil as a site for local roads and streets.

Providing coarser grained subgrade or base material

to frost depth helps to prevent frost action from

damaging pavement.

Moderately slow permeability in the substratum is

the main limitation to use of this soil as a site for septic

tank absorption fields. Enlarging the absorption field

and placing a wide, deep trench below the distribution

lines help to compensate for the slow permeability.

The capability subclass is 2e. The forestland

ordination symbol is 3A.

GrC—Grenville fine sandy loam, 8 to 15

percent slopes

This is a very deep, strongly sloping, well drained

soil on side slopes and knolls on glacial till plains. Most

areas of this soil are long and narrow or roughly oval.

Areas are less than 10 acres, but the range is 6 to 30

acres.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Grenville soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 5 inches, very dark grayish brown fine sandy loam

Subsoil:

5 to 26 inches, yellowish brown and brown fine sandy

loam

26 to 37 inches, brown and pale brown fine sandy

loam
St. Lawrence County, New York 129

Substratum:

37 to 72 inches, grayish brown sandy loam

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

moderately well drained Hogansburg soils and

somewhat poorly drained Malone soils on footslopes,

along drainageways, and in other slightly concave

areas. Also included are small areas of shallow Insula

soils and moderately deep Nehasne soils where

bedrock is less than 40 inches below the surface,

areas of rock outcrops, and areas of sandy Adams

soils and gravelly Waddington soils on small deposits

of sand and gravel. Included areas range to 6 acres

and make up about 20 percent of this unit.

Important properties of the Grenville soil—

Permeability: Moderate in the surface layer and subsoil

and moderately slow in the substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Moderate

Soil reaction: Strongly acid to slightly acid in the

surface layer, moderately acid to neutral in the

subsoil, and slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

in the substratum

Erosion hazard: Severe

Depth to water table: More than 6 feet throughout the

year

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Most areas of this soil are used for cultivated crops,

hayland, or pasture. A few areas are wooded.

This soil is poorly suited to cultivated crops

because erosion is a severe hazard. If the soil is used

for row crops, conservation tillage, cover crops,

contour farming, and crop rotations help to reduce

runoff and to control erosion. Applying lime and

fertilizer according to soil tests helps to improve or

maintain crop yields. Periodic stone removal is needed

to prevent excessive wear on machinery.

This soil is well suited to use as hayland and

pasture. Regular fertilizing and mowing are needed to

maintain productive stands. Overgrazing of desired

plants and increased erosion, particularly in dry

summers, are hazards. Careful management of

stocking rates helps to prevent overgrazing.

Potential productivity for sugar maple on this soil is

high. There are few limitations to planting, harvesting,

or managing woodlots on this soil.

Slope is a moderate limitation to use of this soil as a

site for dwellings with basements. Dwellings could be

designed to conform to the natural slope or the site

could be shaped and filled.

Slope and potential for frost action are moderate

limitations to use of this soil as a site for local roads

and streets. Constructing roads on the contour, land

shaping and grading, and conforming roads to slope

help to overcome slope. Providing coarser grained

subgrade or base material to frost depth helps to

prevent frost action from damaging pavement.

Moderately slow permeability in the substratum is

the main limitation to use of this soil as a site for septic

tank absorption fields. Enlarging the absorption field

and placing a wide, deep trench below the distribution

lines help to compensate for permeability.

The capability subclass is 3e. The forestland

ordination symbol is 3A.

GsD—Grenville fine sandy loam, 15 to 25

percent slopes, very stony

This is a very deep, moderately steep, well drained

soil on hillsides and along drainageways on glacial till

plains. Stones 3 to 25 feet apart and boulders cover

0.1 to 3 percent of the surface. Most areas of this soil

are long and narrow. Areas are less than 10 acres, but

the range is 6 to 20 acres.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Grenville soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 5 inches, very dark grayish brown fine sandy

loam

Subsoil:

5 to 26 inches, yellowish brown and brown fine sandy

loam

26 to 37 inches, brown and pale brown fine sandy

loam

Substratum:

37 to 72 inches, grayish brown sandy loam

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

moderately well drained Hogansburg soils and

somewhat poorly drained Malone soils on footslopes,

along drainageways, and in other concave areas. Also

included are small areas of shallow Insula soils and

moderately deep Nehasne soils where bedrock is less

than 40 inches deep, some areas of rock outcrops

near Insula and Nehasne soils, and areas of sandy

Adams soils and gravelly Waddington soils on

deposits of sand and gravel and in some small,

nonstony areas. Included areas range to 6 acres and

make up about 20 percent of this unit.

Important properties of the Grenville soil—

Permeability: Moderate in the surface layer and subsoil

and moderately slow in the substratum
130 Soil Survey

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Moderate

Soil reaction: Strongly acid to slightly acid in the

surface layer, moderately acid to neutral in the

subsoil, and slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

in the substratum

Erosion hazard: Severe

Depth to water table: More than 6 feet throughout the

year

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Most areas of this soil are wooded or are used as

unimproved pasture. Some abandoned pastures are

reverting to brush or trees.

This soil is poorly suited to cultivated crops or hay.

Moderately steep slope and surface stones together

severely impede use of tillage, planting, and

harvesting equipment. If stones are removed and this

soil is plowed, erosion is a hazard.

This soil is poorly suited to pasture. Surface stones

severely hinder use of equipment needed to improve

and maintain pasture. Proper stocking rates and brush

control are management concerns on this soil.

Grazing when this soil is wet causes surface

compaction. Overgrazing can diminish quantity and

quality of forage plants and can cause an erosion

hazard.

Potential productivity for sugar maple on this soil is

high. Moderately steep slopes and surface stones are

moderate limitations to equipment use. Erosion is a

hazard where logging or road construction exposes

the soil. Constructing skid trails and logging roads on

the contour and avoiding clearcutting help to control

erosion.

Moderately steep slope is the main limitation to use

of this soil as a site for dwellings with basements.

Excavation and grading for most house designs on

this soil are difficult. Erosion is a hazard on building

sites where the soil is exposed. Using special house

designs that accommodate steep slopes or placing the

house on nearby or included soils that are less sloping

helps to overcome slope.

Slope is a severe limitation to use of this soil as a

site for local roads and streets. Constructing roads on

the contour, land shaping and grading, and adapting

road design to slope help to overcome slope. Special

care is needed where culverts empty out to prevent

formation of gullies. Stabilizing cut and fill slopes with

vegetation soon after construction helps to control

erosion. An alternative is to route roads to nearby or

included areas that are less sloping than the Grenville

soil.

Moderately slow permeability and slope are the

main limitations to use of this soil as a site for septic

tank absorption fields. Enlarging the absorption field

and placing a wide, deep trench below the distribution

lines help to compensate for permeability. Land

shaping and installing distribution lines across the

slope help to ensure uniform distribution of effluent

throughout the absorption field. An alternative is to

place the absorption field on nearby or included soils

that are less sloping than the Grenville soil.

The capability subclass is 6s. The forestland

ordination symbol is 3X.

Gu—Guff silty clay loam

This is a moderately deep, nearly level, poorly

drained soil in low-lying areas of moderately deep,

clayey marine sediments. Areas of this soil are

irregular in shape. Most areas are less than 20 acres,

but the range is 6 acres to 50 acres. Slopes are

smooth and slightly concave and range from 0 to 3

percent.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Guff soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 9 inches, very dark gray silty clay loam

Subsoil:

9 to 20 inches, dark gray clay

20 to 39 inches, grayish brown silty clay

39 inches, weathered limestone bedrock

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

Dorval muck in wetter pockets where organic matter

accumulates on the surface. Also included are areas

of Adjidaumo soils where bedrock is more than 40

inches deep; areas of somewhat poorly drained

Matoon soils on higher parts of the map unit; many

small areas of rock outcrops; and areas, notably along

the border of Jefferson County, of soils that are

warmer than normal, usually by less than 2 degrees.

Included areas range to 6 acres and make up about

20 percent of this unit.

Important properties of the Guff soil—

Permeability: Slow or very slow throughout

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Moderate or high

Soil reaction: Moderately acid to neutral in the surface

layer and neutral to moderately alkaline below

Surface runoff: Very slow or ponded

Erosion hazard: Slight

Depth to water table: From the surface to a depth of

0.5 feet from November to June
St. Lawrence County, New York 131

Depth to bedrock: 20 to 40 inches

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Flooding hazard: None

Most areas of this soil are woodland or brushland. A

few areas are used as unimproved pasture.

This soil is poorly suited to cultivated crops. The

surface has a heavy texture and is saturated, and

worthwhile yields are difficult to achieve. The seasonal

high water table extends from late fall to early summer

and in some years severely hinders planting and

harvesting. The soil is very difficult to drain because of

the heavy texture, moderate depth to bedrock, and a

low-lying position on the landscape.

The soil is poorly suited to pasture or hay because

of wetness. Restricting livestock when the soil is

wet helps to preserve soil tilth and pasture

seeding.

Potential productivity for red maple on this soil is

low or moderate. The soil is soft when wet and limits

heavy equipment use. Logging during the driest

periods in summer or in winter when the ground is

frozen reduces the problems from heavy equipment

use. Wetness severely limits the seedling survival rate.

Trees, which have a shallow root zone because of the

seasonal high water table and moderate depth to

bedrock, tend to blow over easily on this soil. Planting

water-tolerant species and minimizing thinning

help to improve productivity and to reduce

windthrow.

The seasonal high water table and moderate depth

to bedrock are severe limitations to use of this soil as

a site for dwellings with basements. Installing drains by

footings and sealing foundations help to prevent wet

basements. Building above bedrock and landscaping

with additional fill help to overcome depth to bedrock.

An alternative is to build on any adjacent drier, deeper

soils.

The seasonal high water table, low strength, and

potential for frost action are the main limitations to use

of this soil as a site for local roads and streets.

Constructing roads on raised fill material and

installing a drainage system help to compensate for

wetness.

Depth to bedrock, the seasonal high water table,

and very slow or slow permeability are severe

limitations to use of this soil as a site for septic tank

absorption fields. A system with a special design is

needed to overcome these limitations. Generally, an

alternative is to place the absorption field on nearby or

included soils, such as Grenville soils, that are better

suited to this use.

The capability subclass is 4w. The forestland

ordination symbol is 2W.

HaA—Hailesboro silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes

This is a very deep, nearly level, somewhat poorly

drained soil in basins and on slightly concave or

convex footslopes on floors of small valleys on the

lake plain. Areas of this soil are irregular in shape.

Most areas are 6 to 40 acres, but the range is 6 to

more than 100 acres.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Hailesboro soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 7 inches, dark grayish brown silt loam

Subsoil:

7 to 24 inches, grayish brown silt loam

24 to 37 inches, gray silt loam

37 to 44 inches, brown silt loam

Substratum:

44 to 72 inches, brown silt loam

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

poorly drained and very poorly drained Wegatchie

soils in depressions and potholes. Also included are

moderately well drained Depeyster soils on convex

knolls; areas of finer textured Muskellunge soils and

coarser textured Roundabout soils; and areas of

coarser textured, loamy Malone soils on small hills or

on footslopes and lower backslopes. Also included,

where bedrock is close to the surface, are areas of

moderately deep, loamy Ogdensburg soils and

shallow, loamy Hannawa soils. Also included are small

areas of rock outcrops; areas of sandy Deford soils

adjacent to outwash plains; and some areas, notably

along the border of Jefferson County, where the soils

are warmer than normal, usually by less than 2

degrees. Included areas range to 6 acres and make up

about 20 percent of this unit.

Important properties of the Hailesboro soil—

Permeability: Moderate in the surface layer and

moderately slow in the subsoil and substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): High

Soil reaction: Moderately acid to neutral in the surface

layer, slightly acid to slightly alkaline in the upper

part of the subsoil, neutral to moderately alkaline

in the lower part of the subsoil, and slightly

alkaline or moderately alkaline in the substratum

Erosion hazard: Slight

Depth to water table: At a depth of 0.5 to 1.5 feet from

October to June

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: High
132 Soil Survey

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Most areas of this soil are used as hayland,

pasture, or cultivated crops. Some areas are wooded.

This soil is poorly suited to cultivated crops

because of wetness. In some years the seasonal high

water table delays planting and harvesting and results

in poor yields. If the soil has adequate drainage, it is

highly productive for many crops, especially such

annual row crops as corn. Tile drainage could be used,

but on this nearly level terrain, some areas, especially

wetter potholes, are difficult to drain. Restricting

plowing to periods when the soil is moist, but not wet,

helps to maintain good soil tilth.

This soil, especially where artificially drained, is

fairly well suited to hayland and pasture. Shallowrooted, water-tolerant legumes are highly productive

on this soil. Grazing when the soil is wet causes

surface compaction and possible loss of desired plant

species. Restricting grazing to drier periods helps to

maintain good soil tilth and a productive pasture. In

undrained areas the soil is slow to dry out in spring.

Potential productivity for white ash on this soil is

moderate. In some years wetness hinders equipment

use in spring and fall. Logging during the driest

periods in summer or in winter when the ground is

frozen reduces problems from heavy equipment use.

Seedling mortality is a moderate hazard on this soil.

Planting seedlings after the soil surface is somewhat

dried, but still moist, will enhance seedling survival.

The seasonal high water table restricts rooting depth

in this soil, and trees sometimes blow over easily.

Minimizing thinning and planting shallow-rooted trees

help to reduce windthrow.

The seasonal high water table is the main limitation

to use of this soil as a site for dwellings with

basements. Installing drains by footings helps to

reduce wetness. Adequately sealing foundations helps

to prevent wet basements.

The seasonal high water table and potential for frost

action are the main limitations to use of this soil as a

site for local roads and streets. Constructing roads on

raised fill material and installing a drainage system

help to compensate for wetness. Providing coarser

grained subgrade or base material to frost depth helps

to prevent frost action from damaging pavement.

The seasonal high water table and moderately slow

permeability are the main limitations to use of this soil

as a site for septic tank absorption fields. Installing a

drainage system around the filter field helps to reduce

wetness. Special designs, such as enlarging the

absorption field or placing a wide, deep trench below

the distribution lines, help to compensate for the

moderately slow permeability.

The capability subclass is 3w. The forestland

ordination symbol is 3W.

HaB—Hailesboro silt loam, 2 to 6 percent

slopes

This is a very deep, gently sloping, somewhat

poorly drained soil in basins and on slightly concave or

convex footslopes and on floors of small valleys on the

lake plain. Areas of this soil are irregular in shape and

are 6 to 40 acres, but the range is 6 to more than 100

acres.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Hailesboro soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 7 inches, dark grayish brown silt loam

Subsoil:

7 to 24 inches, grayish brown silt loam

24 to 37 inches, gray silt loam

37 to 44 inches, brown silt loam

Substratum:

44 to 72 inches, brown silt loam

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

poorly drained and very poorly drained Wegatchie

soils in depressions and potholes. Also included are

moderately well drained Depeyster soils on convex

knolls, areas of finer textured Muskellunge soils and

coarser textured Roundabout soils, and areas of

coarser textured, loamy Malone soils on small hills or

on footslopes and lower backslopes. Also included are

areas where bedrock is close to the surface; areas of

moderately deep, loamy Ogdensburg soils and

shallow, loamy Hannawa soils; and some areas of

significantly steeper slopes. Also included are areas of

sandy Deford soils adjacent to outwash plains; some

areas, notably along the border of Jefferson County,

where the soils are warmer than normal, usually by

less than 2 degrees; and small areas of rock outcrops.

Included areas range to 6 acres and make up about

20 percent of this unit.

Important properties of the Hailesboro soil—

Permeability: Moderate in the surface layer and

moderately slow in the subsoil and substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): High

Soil reaction: Moderately acid to neutral in the surface

layer, slightly acid to slightly alkaline in the upper

part of the subsoil, neutral to moderately alkaline

in the lower part of the subsoil, and slightly

alkaline or moderately alkaline in the substratum
St. Lawrence County, New York 133

Erosion hazard: Moderate

Depth to water table: At a depth of 0.5 to 1.5 feet from

October to June

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Most areas of this soil are used for hay, pasture, or

cultivated crops. Some areas are woodland.

This soil is poorly suited to cultivated crops

because of wetness and a moderate erosion hazard.

In some years the seasonal high water table delays

planting and harvesting and results in poor yields. If

the soil is adequately drained, many crops, especially

annual row crops, such as corn, are highly productive.

Tile drainage could be used on this soil. Restricting

plowing when the soil is moist, but not wet, helps to

maintain good soil tilth. Erosion is a hazard, especially

on longer, steeper slopes. Conservation practices,

such as stripcropping, contour farming, and

conservation tillage, help to control erosion.

This soil, especially where artificially drained, is

fairly well suited to hayland and pasture. Shallowrooted, water-tolerant legumes are highly productive.

Grazing when the soil is wet causes surface

compaction and possible loss of desired plant species.

Restricting grazing to drier periods helps to maintain

good soil tilth and a productive pasture. In undrained

areas this soil is slow to dry out in spring.

Potential productivity for trees on this soil is high. In

some years wetness hinders equipment use in spring

and fall. Logging in the driest part of summer or in

winter when the ground is frozen reduces problems

from heavy equipment use. The seedling mortality rate

is moderate. Planting seedlings after the surface is

somewhat dried but still moist helps to improve the

seedling survival rate. The seasonal high water table

restricts root development, and some trees blow over

easily. Minimizing thinning and planting shallow-rooted

trees help to reduce windthrow.

The seasonal high water table is the main limitation

to use of this soil as a site for dwellings with

basements. Installing drains by footings helps to

reduce wetness. Adequately sealing foundations helps

to prevent wet basements.

The seasonal high water table and potential for frost

action are the main limitations to use of this soil as a

site for local roads and streets. Constructing roads on

raised fill material and installing a drainage system

help to compensate for wetness. Providing coarser

grained subgrade or base material to frost depth helps

to prevent frost action from damaging pavement.

The seasonal high water table and moderately slow

permeability are the main limitations to use of this soil

as a site for septic tank absorption fields. Installing a

drainage system around the filter field helps to reduce

wetness. Special designs, such as enlarging the

absorption field or placing a wide, deep trench below

the distribution lines, help to compensate for the

moderately slow permeability.

The capability subclass is 3w. The forestland

ordination symbol is 3W.

Hc—Hannawa loam

This is a shallow, nearly level, poorly drained soil on

smooth, slightly concave tops and benches of

bedrock-controlled landforms. Areas of this soil are

irregular in shape and range from 6 to 50 acres or

more. Slopes are smooth and range from 0 to 2

percent.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Hannawa soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 8 inches, very dark grayish brown loam

Subsoil:

8 to 14 inches, light yellowish brown fine sandy loam

14 to 19 inches, grayish brown gravelly fine sandy

loam

Bedrock:

19 inches, hard dolomitic limestone

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

rock outcrops and very shallow Gouverneur soils. Also

included are areas of moderately deep Ogdensburg

soils where bedrock is at a depth of more than 20

inches, some areas of very deep Grenville soils on

small hills or ridges, and small areas of moderately

deep Guff soils where clayey marine sediments were

deposited over bedrock. Also included are some areas

of soils, notably along the border of Jefferson County,

where the soils are warmer than normal, usually by

less than 2 degrees and areas of shallow, better

drained Summerville soils on small, convex knolls.

Included areas range to 6 acres and make up about

20 percent of this unit.

Important properties of the Hannawa soil—

Permeability: Moderate or moderately rapid throughout

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Very low or low

Soil reaction: Slightly acid or neutral in the surface

layer and neutral or slightly alkaline in the subsoil

Erosion hazard: Slight

Depth to water table: At the surface to a depth of 1 foot

from October to May
134 Soil Survey

Depth to bedrock: 10 to 20 inches

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Most areas of this soil are woodland or unimproved

pasture. A few areas are used as hayland.

This soil is poorly suited to cultivated crops. The

seasonal high water table extends from fall into late

spring and in some years hinders planting and

harvesting. Artificial drainage is difficult because of

shallow depth to bedrock. Available water capacity is

low or very low because the soil is shallow to bedrock.

In dry years crops may fail entirely. Rock outcrops and

included areas of very shallow Gouverneur soils

cause excessive wear on tillage equipment.

This soil is poorly suited to hay and pasture. Yields

are generally low and rarely justify the cost of intensive

management. Hay and pasture generally show

moisture stress during prolonged dry periods.

Returning organic residue to the soil helps to increase

the water holding capacity. The seasonal high water

table and bedrock limit root growth of some plants,

especially legumes. Selecting hardy, shallow-rooted

plants that are both water tolerant in spring and

drought resistant in midsummer help to increase

productivity of pasture and hayland. Restricting

livestock from this soil prevents surface compaction.

Overgrazing during dry periods, when plants are

already under stress, can lead to loss of desirable

plants.

Potential productivity for balsam fir on this soil is

low. Wetness in spring and fall and rock outcrops limit

equipment use. Logging during dry periods in summer

or in winter when the ground is frozen allows

equipment use. Rock outcrops prevent machine

planting in some areas of this soil. Planting seedlings

when the soil is moist but not saturated helps to

increase seedling survival. The seasonal high water

table and depth to bedrock limit root growth, and trees

blow over easily. Minimizing thinning and planting

shallow-rooted trees help to reduce windthrow.

The seasonal high water table and shallow depth to

bedrock are severe limitations to use of this soil as a

site for dwellings with basements. Installing drains by

footings and sealing foundations help to reduce

wetness. Generally, this soil is too shallow for

basements. Building above bedrock and landscaping

with additional fill help to overcome depth to bedrock.

An alternative is to build on nearby or included soils,

such as Grenville soils, that are drier and deeper.

The seasonal high water table, potential for frost

action, and depth to bedrock are the main limitations

to use of this soil as a site for local roads and streets.

Constructing roads on raised fill material and installing

a drainage system help to compensate for wetness.

Providing coarser grained subgrade or base material

to frost depth helps to prevent frost action from

damaging pavement. In some areas ripping or blasting

bedrock is needed. An alternative is to lay out roads

around this soil.

This soil is not suitable for use as a site for septic

tank absorption fields. The seasonal high water table

and depth to bedrock are the main limitations.

Installing a drainage system around the filter field

helps to reduce wetness, but the soil is too shallow for

a filter field and an effective drainage system. The

septic system could be built on nearby or included

soils, such as Grenville soils, that are better suited to

this use.

The capability subclass is 4w. The forestland

ordination symbol is 6W.

HeB—Heuvelton silty clay loam, 2 to 6

percent slopes

This is a very deep, gently sloping, moderately well

drained soil on convex knolls and on other high parts

of marine beds and lake plains that receive little or no

runoff from higher land. Most areas of this soil are

irregular in shape. Areas are 6 to 10 acres, but the

range is 6 to 30 acres.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Heuvelton soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 7 inches, dark brown silty clay loam

Subsoil:

7 to 11 inches, brown silty clay

11 to 22 inches, dark brown clay

Substratum:

22 to 72 inches, dark yellowish brown and brown silty

clay loam

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

somewhat poorly drained Muskellunge soils in slight

depressions and small areas of poorly drained and

very poorly drained Adjidaumo soils in potholes and

along drainageways. Also included are areas of

Flackville and Elmwood soils where a thin mantle of

sandy or sandy loam material was deposited over

clay; Depeyster soils in areas that have more silt and

less clay than the Heuvelton soil; and areas of loamy,

moderately well drained Hogansburg and Kalurah soils

on small hills and knolls. Also included are small areas

of rock outcrops; areas of loamy, moderately deep

Nehasne soils and shallow Insula soils; and some

areas of soils, notably along the border of Jefferson
St. Lawrence County, New York 135

County, that are warmer than normal, usually by less

than 2 degrees. Included areas range to 6 acres and

make up about 20 percent of this map unit.

Important properties of the Heuvelton soil—

Permeability: Moderate or moderately slow in the

surface layer and subsoil and slow or very slow in

the substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): High

Soil reaction: Strongly acid to neutral in the surface

layer and the subsurface layer, moderately acid to

slightly alkaline in the subsoil, and neutral to

moderately alkaline in the substratum

Erosion hazard: Moderate

Depth to water table: From 1.5 to 2.0 feet below the

surface from November to April

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Flooding hazard: None

Most areas of this soil are used for cultivated crops,

hay, or pasture. A few areas are wooded.

This soil is well suited to cultivated crops. The

surface is slow to dry out in spring, and in some years

the seasonal high water table delays tillage and

planting. The soil clods easily, and excessive plowing

destroys surface structure. A crop rotation that is at

least 40 to 50 percent sod crops and that limits

consecutive years of row crops helps to maintain good

soil structure. Erosion is a hazard on longer, steeper

slopes. Conservation practices, such as conservation

tillage and no till, help to control erosion.

This soil is well suited to pasture and hayland. It is

one of the better soils in the county for growing alfalfa.

The soil requires relatively little liming, but is slow to

dry out in spring. Restricting livestock when the

surface is wet helps to prevent surface compaction.

Overgrazing reduces quantity and quality of forage.

Deferred grazing, rotational grazing, applying lime and

fertilizer, harvesting at the proper stage of plant

growth, and controlling weeds and brush help to

increase quantity and quality of feed and forage.

Potential productivity for sugar maple on this soil is

moderate. The soil is well suited to machine planting of

seedlings.

The seasonal high water table is the main limitation

to use of this soil as a site for dwellings with

basements. Installing drains by footings helps to

reduce wetness. Sealing foundations helps to prevent

wet basements.

Low strength and potential for frost action are the

main limitations to use of this soil as a site for local

roads and streets. Providing suitable subgrade or base

material or using special construction techniques

helps to increase the strength and stability of this soil.

Providing coarser grained subgrade or base material

to frost depth helps to prevent frost action from

damaging pavements.

The seasonal high water table and very slow or

slow permeability are the main limitations to use of this

soil as a site for septic tank absorption fields. Installing

a drainage system around the filter field helps to

reduce wetness. Enlarging the absorption field and

placing a wide, deep trench below the distribution lines

help to compensate for permeability. In some areas, a

special design or an alternate system is needed to

overcome these limitations.

The capability subclass is 2e. The forestland

ordination symbol is 2A.

HeC—Heuvelton silty clay loam, rolling

This is a very deep, rolling, moderately well drained

soil on dissected marine beds and lake plains or on

footslopes of valley walls. Areas of this soil are

irregular in shape and are 6 to 15 acres, but the range

is 6 to 30 acres. Slopes are short, generally convex,

and complex; they range from 5 to 15 percent.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Heuvelton soil—

 Surface layer:

0 to 7 inches, dark brown silt clay loam

Subsoil:

7 to 11 inches, brown silty clay

11 to 22 inches, dark brown clay

Substratum:

22 to 72 inches, dark yellowish brown and brown silty

clay loam

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

somewhat poorly drained Muskellunge soils in slight

depressions and poorly drained and very poorly

drained Adjidaumo soils in potholes and along

drainageways. Also included are areas of Flackville

and Elmwood soils where a thin mantle of sandy or

sandy loam material was deposited over clay,

Depeyster soils in areas that have more silt and less

clay than the Heuvelton soil, and areas of Grenville,

Hogansburg, Pyrities, and Kalurah soils on small hills.

Also included are small areas of rock outcrops; areas

of shallow Insula soils; areas of moderately deep,

loamy Nehasne soils; and many steeper areas. In

some areas this soil has smooth, rather than complex,

slopes. Also included, notably along the border of

Jefferson County, are areas of soils that are warmer
136 Soil Survey

than normal, usually by less than 2 degrees. Included

areas range to 6 acres and make up about 20 percent

of this unit.

Important properties of the Heuvelton soil—

Permeability: Moderate or moderately slow in the

surface layer and subsoil and slow or very slow in

the substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): High

Soil reaction: Strongly acid to neutral in the surface

layer and the subsurface layer, moderately acid to

slightly alkaline in the subsoil, and neutral to

moderately alkaline in the substratum

Surface runoff: Medium or rapid

Erosion hazard: Severe

Depth to water table: From 1.5 to 2.0 feet below the

surface from November to April

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Flooding hazard: None

Most areas of this soil are hayland or pasture. Other

areas are used for cultivated crops or trees.

This soil is poorly suited to cultivated crops. Erosion

is a severe hazard where the surface is bare and

unprotected. The topography is rolling, and most

erosion control measures, including stripcropping and

diversions, are impractical. However, in some places

no till or conservation tillage helps to control erosion.

Modern tillage equipment is difficult to use on the

short, complex slopes of this soil. In many places lowlying, wetter pockets between convex slopes are very

slow to dry out in spring and in some years delay

tillage and planting on this soil.

This soil is well suited to pasture and hay. Some

areas are slow to dry out in spring. Restricting

livestock from pasture when the soil is wet prevents

surface compaction. Overgrazing reduces quantity and

quality of forage and increases the erosion hazard on

steeper slopes. Deferred grazing and rotational

grazing, applying lime and fertilizer, harvesting at the

proper stage of plant growth, and controlling weed and

brush help to increase quantity and quality of feed and

forage.

Potential productivity for sugar maple on this soil is

moderate. Erosion is a hazard during logging

operations. Building logging roads and skid trails in

less sloping areas of this soil and minimizing

clearcutting help to control erosion. Restricting use of

heavy machinery to drier seasons of the year

minimizes rutting on this soil when wet.

The seasonal high water table is the main limitation

to use of this soil as a site for dwellings with

basements. Installing drains by footings helps to

reduce wetness. Adequately sealing foundations helps

to prevent wet basements. During construction erosion

is a hazard on steeper areas of this soil. Reseeding

disturbed areas soon after construction is completed

helps to control erosion.

Low strength and potential for frost action are the

main limitations to use of this soil as a site for local

roads and streets. Providing suitable subgrade or base

material or using special construction techniques

helps to increase the strength and stability of this soil.

Providing coarser subgrade or base material to frost

depth helps to prevent frost action from damaging

pavement.

The seasonal high water table and very slow or

slow permeability are the main limitations to use of this

soil as a site for septic tank absorption fields. Installing

a drainage system around the filter field helps to

reduce wetness. Enlarging the absorption field and

placing a wide, deep trench below the distribution lines

help to compensate for permeability. In some areas a

special design or an alternate system is needed to

overcome these limitations.

The capability subclass is 3e. The forestland

ordination symbol is 2R.

HkE—Heuvelton and Depeyster soils, 15

to 45 percent slopes

This map unit consists of very deep, steep and very

steep soils on hillsides and the sides of deeply

dissected drainageways on marine or lake plains.

Areas of these soils are commonly narrow and have

wavy or irregular edges. Most areas are 6 to 10 acres,

but the range is 6 to 30 acres. Slopes are 50 to 200

feet long, and most are complex or convex. Heuvelton

and Depeyster soils were mapped together because

they have no major differences in use and

management. Some areas consist mostly of

Heuvelton or Depeyster soils, and some areas

consist of both soils. Total acreage of the unit

is about 50 percent Heuvelton soils, 30

percent Depeyster soils, and 20 percent other

soils.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Heuvelton soils—

Surface layer:

0 to 7 inches, dark brown silt clay loam

Subsoil:

7 to 11 inches, brown silty clay

11 to 22 inches, dark brown clay

Substratum:
St. Lawrence County, New York 137

22 to 72 inches, dark yellowish brown and brown silty

clay loam

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Depeyster soils—

Surface layer:

0 to 10 inches, dark grayish brown silt loam

Subsoil:

10 to 27 inches, brown silt loam

Substratum:

27 to 39 inches, alternating bands of light olive brown

very fine sand, strong brown very fine sandy loam,

and dark reddish gray silty clay loam

39 to 72 inches, alternating bands of yellowish brown

sandy loam, reddish gray silty clay loam, and

grayish brown very fine sand

Included with these soils in mapping are somewhat

poorly drained Muskellunge and Hailesboro soils on

less sloping, concave footslopes in the lowest part of

this unit. Also included are small areas of well drained,

loamy Pyrities soils on hillsides where the clay veneer

is absent, small areas of Flackville and Elmwood soils

where a thin mantle of sand or fine sand and silt was

deposited over silts and clays, and small areas of rock

outcrops. Also included are small areas of loamy,

shallow Insula soils adjacent to exposed bedrock.

Included areas range to 6 acres and make up about

20 percent of the unit.

Important properties of Heuvelton soils—

Permeability: Moderate or moderately slow in the

surface layer and subsoil and slow or very slow in

the substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): High

Soil reaction: Strongly acid to neutral in the surface

layer and the subsurface layer, moderately acid to

slightly alkaline in the subsoil, and neutral to

moderately alkaline in the substratum

Erosion hazard: Very severe

Depth to water table: From 1.5 to 2.0 feet below the

surface from November to April

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Flooding hazard: None

Important properties of the Depeyster soils—

Permeability: Moderate in the surface layer and slow

or moderately slow in the subsoil and substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): High

Soil reaction: Strongly acid to neutral in the surface

layer and moderately acid to slightly alkaline in the

substratum

Erosion hazard: Very severe

Depth to water table: At a depth of 1.5 to 2.0 feet from

March to May

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Many areas of these soils are woodland. Some

areas were cleared but are reverting to brushland or

woodland. A few areas are pasture.

These soils are unsuited to cultivated crops

because of excessively steep slopes and a hazard of

erosion. In most areas a continuous sod cover is

needed to avoid excessive soil loss.

These soils are fairly suited to pasture. Steep and

very steep slopes hinder harvesting and reseeding

operations for hay. Overgrazing reduces quantity and

quality of forage and can cause a severe erosion

hazard. Proper stocking rates and rotational grazing

help to control erosion. Applying lime and fertilizer,

harvesting at the proper stage of plant growth, and

controlling weed and brush help to increase quantity

and quality of feed and forage.

Potential productivity for sugar maple on these soils

is moderate. Erosion is a severe hazard during logging

operations. Building logging roads and skid trails on

the contour and avoiding clearcutting help to control

erosion. Steep slopes hinder equipment use.

Steep slopes and the seasonal high water table are

severe limitations to use of these soils as a site for

dwellings with basements. Dwellings can be designed

to conform to the natural slope, or land shaping can

provide a more level surface for construction. Installing

drains by footings helps to reduce wetness.

Adequately sealing foundations helps to prevent wet

basements. Erosion is a hazard on these soils during

construction. Reseeding disturbed areas as soon as

possible after construction is completed helps to

minimize soil loss. An alternative is to locate dwellings

on included or nearby areas of less sloping soils that

are more favorable to this use.

Low strength on Heuvelton soils, steep slope, and

potential for frost action are the main limitations to use

of these soils as a site for local road and streets.

Providing suitable subgrade or base material or using

special construction methods for adequate support

help to increase the strength and stability of these

soils. Constructing roads on the contour and land

shaping and grading help to overcome slope.

Providing a coarser grained subgrade or base material

to frost depth helps to prevent frost action from

damaging pavement.
138 Soil Survey

These soils are poorly suited to use as a site for

septic tank absorption fields. The seasonal high water

table, very slow or moderately slow permeability in the

substratum, and steepness of slope are the main

limitations. Placing a drainage system around the filter

field and installing diversions to intercept water from

higher areas help to reduce wetness. Enlarging the

absorption field and placing a wide, deep trench below

the distribution lines help to compensate for the very

slow or moderately slow permeability. Shaping the

land or installing distribution lines on the contour helps

to ensure uniform distribution of effluent throughout

the absorption field. A suitable alternative is to place

the septic system on included or nearby soils, such as

Pyrities soils, that are less sloping and better suited to

this use.

The capability subclass is 7e for Heuvelton

and Depeyster soils. The forestland ordination

symbol is 2R for Heuvelton soils and 3R for

Depeyster soils.

HnA—Hogansburg fine sandy loam, 0 to 3

percent slopes

This is a very deep, nearly level, moderately well

drained soil on broad tops of low ridges and hills and

on benches on glacial till plains. Most areas of this soil

are irregular in shape. Areas are 6 to 20 acres, but the

range is 6 to 50 acres.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Hogansburg soil—

Surface layer: 0 to 10 inches, very dark grayish brown

fine sandy loam

Subsoil:

10 to 15 inches, brown loam

15 to 25 inches, brown fine sandy loam

Substratum:

25 to 72 inches, light yellowish brown very gravelly fine

sandy loam

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

somewhat poorly drained Malone soils and very poorly

drained Runeberg soils in shallow depressions and

along drainageways. Also included are areas of well

drained Grenville soils on convex tops of hills and

knolls, areas of moderately deep Nehasne soils where

depth to bedrock is less than 40 inches, and areas of

rock outcrops. Also included are small areas of sandy

Adams soils and gravelly Waddington soils on small

ridges and in places where flowing water or wave

action deposited sand or stratified sand and gravel

and small areas of soils that have numerous stones on

the surface. Included soils range to 6 acres and make

up about 20 percent of this unit.

Important properties of the Hogansburg soil—

Permeability: Moderate in the surface layer and subsoil

and moderately slow in the substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Moderate or high

Soil reaction: Strongly acid to neutral in the surface

layer, strongly acid to slightly alkaline in the

subsoil, and slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

in the substratum

Erosion hazard: Slight

Depth to water table: From a depth of 1.5 to 2 feet

from March to May

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Much of this soil is used for cultivated crops or hay.

Some areas are pasture. A few areas are wooded or

are reverting to brush.

This soil is well suited to cultivated crops. In some

years the seasonal high water table delays plowing

and planting in spring. Drainage of included wet spots

facilitates early tillage and late harvest operations.

Periodic additions of lime and fertilizer according to

soil tests help to maintain fertility. Crop rotations that

limit consecutive years of row crops help to maintain

soil tilth. Periodic stone removal is needed to prevent

excessive wear on machinery.

This soil is well suited to hayland and pasture.

Grazing the soil when wet causes surface compaction

and loss of pasture seeding. Restricting livestock from

pasture in early spring and during other wet periods

helps to maintain good soil structure. Regular

fertilizing and mowing are needed to maintain

productive stands.

Potential productivity for sugar maple on this soil is

high. There are no limitations to woodland use and

management.

The seasonal high water table is the main limitation

to use of this soil as a site for dwellings with

basements. Installing drains by footings helps to

reduce wetness. Adequately sealing foundations helps

to prevent wet basements.

Potential for frost action is the main limitation to use

of this soil as a site for local roads and streets.

Providing a coarser grained subgrade or base material

to frost depth helps to prevent frost action from

damaging pavement.

The seasonal high water table and the moderately

slow permeability in the substratum are the main

limitations to use of this soil as a site for septic tank
St. Lawrence County, New York 139

absorption fields. Enlarging the absorption field,

installing a drainage system around the filter field to

reduce wetness, and placing a wide, deep trench

below the distribution lines help to compensate for the

moderately slow permeability.

The capability subclass is 2w. The forestland

ordination symbol is 3A.

HnB—Hogansburg fine sandy loam, 3 to 8

percent slopes

This is a very deep, gently sloping, moderately well

drained soil on broad tops of low ridges and hills,

benches, and convex backslopes on glacial till plains.

Most areas are irregular in shape. Areas are 6 to 20

acres, but the range is 6 to 50 acres.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Hogansburg soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 10 inches, very dark grayish brown fine sandy

loam

Subsoil:

10 to 15 inches, brown loam

15 to 25 inches, brown fine sandy loam

Substratum:

25 to 72 inches, light yellowish brown very gravelly fine

sandy loam

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

somewhat poorly drained Malone soils and very poorly

drained Runeberg soils on footslopes, in shallow

depressions, and along drainageways. Also included

are well drained Grenville soils on tops of hills and

ridges, areas of moderately deep Nehasne soils where

depth to bedrock is less than 40 inches, and small

areas of rock outcrops adjacent to Nehasne soils. Also

included are small areas of Adams and Waddington

soils on small knolls or ridges where flowing water or

wave action deposited sand or stratified sand and

gravel. Also included are some small areas that have

numerous stones on the surface. Included areas range

to 6 acres and make up about 20 percent of this unit.

Important properties of the Hogansburg soil—

Permeability: Moderate in the surface layer and subsoil

and moderately slow in the substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Moderate or high

Soil reaction: Strongly acid to neutral in the surface

layer, strongly acid to slightly alkaline in the

subsoil, and slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

in the substratum

Erosion hazard: Moderate

Depth to water table: At a depth of 1.5 to 2 feet from

March to May

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Much of this soil is used for cultivated crops or hay.

Some areas are pasture. A few areas are wooded or

are reverting to brush.

This soil is well suited to cultivated crops. Erosion is

a hazard on longer, steeper slopes. Conservation

tillage, cover cropping, contour farming, and including

sod crops in the crop rotation help to control erosion.

In some years the seasonal high water table delays

plowing and planting in spring. Draining included wet

spots is needed for early tillage and late harvest

operations. Controlling erosion, fertilizing and liming

according to soil tests, and crop rotations that limit

consecutive years of row crops help to keep this soil

highly productive and in good tilth. Periodic stone

removal is needed to prevent excessive wear on

machinery.

This soil is well suited to hayland and pasture.

Overgrazing damages stabilizing vegetation and

results in excessive erosion, especially on longer,

steeper slopes. Rotational grazing helps to control

erosion and to preserve pasture quality. Grazing when

the soil is wet causes surface compaction and loss of

pasture seeding. Restricting livestock from pasture

in early spring and during other wet periods helps

to maintain good soil structure. Adding lime

and fertilizer according to soil tests and yearly

mowing help to maintain productive

stands.

Potential productivity for sugar maple on this soil is

high. There are no limitations to woodland use and

management.

The seasonal high water table is the main limitation

to use of this soil as a site for dwellings with

basements. Installing drains by footings helps to

reduce wetness. Adequately sealing foundations helps

to prevent wet basements.

Potential for frost action is the main limitation to use

of this soil as a site for local roads and streets.

Providing coarser grained subgrade or base material

to frost depth helps to prevent frost action from

damaging pavement.

The seasonal high water table and moderately slow

permeability in the substratum are the main limitations

to use of this soil as a site for septic tank absorption

fields. Installing a drainage system around the filter

field helps to reduce wetness. Enlarging the

absorption field and placing a wide, deep trench below
140 Soil Survey

the distribution lines help to compensate for the

moderately slow permeability.

The capability subclass is 2e. The forestland

ordination symbol is 3A.

HrB—Hogansburg and Grenville soils, 0

to 8 percent slopes, very stony

This map unit consists of very deep, nearly level to

gently sloping soils on glacial till plains. Typically,

moderately well drained Hogansburg soils are on

backslopes, benches, and broad hilltops, and well

drained Grenville soils are on shoulders and narrow

convex tops of ridges and hills. Stones 3 to 25 feet

apart and boulders cover 0.1 to 3 percent of the

surface. Most areas of this soil are irregular in shape.

Areas are 6 to 30 acres, but the range is 6 to 50 acres.

Some areas consist almost entirely of either

Hogansburg or Grenville soils, and some areas

consist of both soils. Although these soils have similar

interpretations for most uses, they have many surface

stones and were not separated in mapping. Total

acreage of the map unit is about 50 percent

Hogansburg soils, 30 percent Grenville soils, and 20

percent other soils.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Hogansburg soils—

Surface layer:

0 to 10 inches, very dark grayish brown fine sandy

loam

Subsoil:

10 to 15 inches, brown loam

15 to 25 inches, brown fine sandy loam

Substratum:

25 to 72 inches, light yellowish brown very gravelly fine

sandy loam

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Grenville soils—

Surface layer:

0 to 5 inches, very dark grayish brown fine sandy loam

Subsoil:

5 to 26 inches, yellowish brown and brown fine sandy

loam

26 to 37 inches, brown and pale brown fine sandy

loam

Substratum:

37 to 72 inches, grayish brown sandy loam

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

somewhat poorly drained Malone soils and very poorly

drained Runeberg soils on footslopes, along

drainageways, and in other concave areas. Also

included are small areas of moderately deep Nehasne

soils where bedrock is less than 40 inches deep, some

areas of rock outcrops adjacent to Nehasne soils, and

areas of sandy Adams soils and gravelly Waddington

soils where small pockets of sand and gravel were

deposited. Also included are small areas that are free

of surface stones. Included areas range to 6 acres and

make up about 20 percent of this unit.

Important properties of Hogansburg soils—

Permeability: Moderate in the surface layer and subsoil

and moderately slow in the substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Moderate or high

Soil reaction: Strongly acid to neutral in the surface

layer, strongly acid to slightly alkaline in the

subsoil, and slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

in the substratum

Erosion hazard: Moderate

Depth to water table: At a depth of 1.5 to 2 feet from

March to May

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Important properties of Grenville soils—

Permeability: Moderate in the surface layer and subsoil

and moderately slow in the substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Moderate

Soil reaction: Strongly acid to slightly acid in the

surface layer, moderately acid to neutral in the

subsoil, and slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

in the substratum

Erosion hazard: Moderate

Depth to water table: More than 6 feet throughout the

year

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Most areas of these soils are used as woodland or

unimproved pasture. Some abandoned pastures are

reverting to brushland or woodland.

These soils are poorly suited to cultivated crops or

hay. Erosion is a moderate hazard. Numerous surface

stones severely impede use of tillage, planting, and

harvesting equipment.

These soils are poorly suited to pasture. Surface

stones severely limit use of equipment needed to

improve and maintain pasture. Managing stocking
St. Lawrence County, New York 141

rates and brush control are management concerns.

Grazing when these soils are wet causes surface

compaction. Overgrazing can diminish quantity and

quality of forage plants and can cause an erosion

hazard on longer, steeper slopes.

Potential productivity for trees on these soils is high.

Surface stones hinder machine planting. Otherwise,

there are few limitations to woodland use and

management.

The seasonal high water table on Hogansburg soils

is a limitation to use of these soils as a site for

dwellings with basements. Grenville soils, however,

are well suited to this use. Installing drains by footings

helps to reduce wetness. Adequately sealing

foundations helps to prevent wet basements. In some

areas clearing the surface of stones is needed to

establish a lawn on these soils.

Potential for frost action is the main limitation to use

of these soils as a site for local roads and streets.

Providing coarser grained subgrade or base material

to frost depth helps to prevent frost action from

damaging pavement.

Moderately slow permeability in the substratum of

Hogansburg and Grenville soils and the seasonal high

water table on Hogansburg soils are the main

limitations to use of these soils as a site for septic tank

absorption fields. Enlarging the absorption field and

placing a wide, deep trench below the distribution lines

help to compensate for the moderately slow

permeability. Installing a drainage system around the

filter field helps to reduce wetness.

The capability subclass is 6s for Hogansburg and

Grenville soils. The forestland ordination symbol is 3A

for Hogansburg soils and 3X for Grenville soils.

IaB—Insula gravelly fine sandy loam, 0 to

8 percent slopes

This is a shallow, nearly level and gently sloping,

well drained soil on tops and sides of broad ridges and

hills of slight relief. Areas of this soil are irregular in

shape and range from 6 to 60 acres.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Insula soil—

Surface layer

0 to 1 inch, slightly decomposed leaf litter

1 to 3 inches, black highly decomposed organic

material and fine sand

Subsoil:

3 to 16 inches, brown gravelly fine sandy loam

Bedrock:

16 inches

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

Summerville soils that have a higher soil reaction than

that of Insula soils. Also included are areas of

moderately deep Nehasne soils on some side slopes;

areas of very deep Grenville soils; and some small

areas of somewhat poorly drained, moderately deep

Ogdensburg soils and poorly drained Hannawa soils in

depressions. Also included are small areas that have

excessive amounts of stones and flagstones on the

surface; areas of rock outcrops that commonly are on

short, discontinuous scarps; and some areas, notably

along the border of Jefferson County, where the soils

are warmer than normal, usually by less than 2

degrees. Included areas range to 6 acres and make up

about 25 percent of this unit.

Important properties of the Insula soil—

Permeability: Moderately rapid throughout the mineral

soil

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Very low or low

Soil Reaction: Very strongly acid to slightly acid

throughout

Erosion hazard: Moderate

Depth to water table: More than 6 feet

Depth to bedrock: 10 to 20 inches

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Shrink swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Most areas of this soil are used as hayland or

pasture. Some areas are woodland. A few areas are

cultivated.

This soil is poorly suited to cultivated crops. Low

available water capacity and low natural fertility limit

productivity. Included areas of rock outcrop, very

shallow soils, and areas with numerous surface stones

can cause excessive wear on tillage equipment.

Conservation tillage or other practices that leave a

mulch layer on the surface and minimizing use of

tillage equipment help to conserve soil moisture, to

increase yields, and to minimize equipment repairs.

Adding fertilizer and lime according to soil tests helps

to increase yields provided crops receive water

requirements. Erosion is a hazard on longer, steeper

slopes. Conservation practices, such as stripcropping

and conservation tillage, help to control erosion.

This soil is poorly suited to hay and pasture. Low

available water capacity is a severe limitation,

especially in summer. Shallow depth to bedrock

severely limits adaptable forage plants. Rotational

grazing, additions of lime and fertilizer according to

soil tests, and proper stocking rates increase vigor and

productivity of pasture seedlings.

Potential productivity for red pine on this soil is low.
142 Soil Survey

Windthrow is a severe hazard because shallow depth

to bedrock limits root development. Minimizing thinning

reduces the windthrow hazard. The soil is droughty

and the seedling mortality rate is severe. Timely

planting when the soil is still moist and selecting

adaptable plants help to reduce the seedling mortality

rate.

Shallow depth to bedrock is a severe limitation to

use of this soil as a site for dwellings with basements.

Dwellings could be built above bedrock and

landscaped with additional fill. An alternative is to build

on included areas of deeper soils, such as Grenville

soils, that are better suited to this use.

Shallow depth to bedrock is a severe limitation to

use of this soil as a site for local roads and streets.

Most included areas of sandstone and granitic

bedrock are difficult and expensive to blast. An

alternative is to plan grades and routes of roads to

avoid rock removal.

This soil is poorly suited to septic tank absorption

fields. Shallow depth to bedrock is the main limitation.

The septic system could be placed on included or

nearby deeper soils, such as gently sloping to strongly

sloping areas of Grenville soils.

The capability subclass is 3s. The forestland

ordination symbol is 2D.

InB—Insula gravelly fine sandy loam, 0 to

8 percent slopes, very rocky

This is a shallow, nearly level and gently sloping,

well drained soil on tops and sides of broad ridges and

hills that have slight relief. Rock outcrops cover 2 to 10

percent of the surface. Most areas are nearly level, but

some areas are on short scarps.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Insula soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 1 inch, slightly decomposed leaf litter

1 to 3 inches, black highly decomposed organic

material mixed with fine sand

Subsoil:

3 to 16 inches, brown gravelly fine sandy loam

Bedrock:

16 inches

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

Summerville soils, which have a higher soil reaction

than that of Insula soils. Also included are some small

areas of very shallow Quetico soils; some areas of

moderately deep Nehasne soils and very deep

Grenville soils on side slopes; and small areas of

somewhat poorly drained, moderately deep

Ogdensburg soils and poorly drained Hannawa soils in

depressions. Also included are small areas of soils

that have excessive amounts of stones and flagstones

on the surface and some small areas, notably along

the border of Jefferson County, where the soils are

warmer than normal, usually by less than 2 degrees.

Included areas range to 6 acres and make up about

25 percent of this unit.

Important properties of the Insula soil—

Permeability: Moderately rapid throughout the mineral

soil layer

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Very low or low

Soil Reaction: Very strongly acid to slightly acid

Erosion hazard: Moderate

Depth to water table: More than 6 feet

Depth to bedrock: 10 to 20 inches

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Shrink swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Most areas of this soil are used as hayland or

pasture. Some areas are woodland. A few areas are

cultivated.

This soil is poorly suited to cultivated crops. Low

available water capacity and low natural fertility are the

main limitations. Rock outcrops impede operation of

modern machinery. Included areas of very shallow

Quetico soils and areas of numerous surface stones

can cause excessive wear on tillage equipment.

Conservation tillage or other practices that leave a

water-conserving mulch layer on the surface and

minimizing use of tillage equipment help to increase

yields and to protect equipment. Adding fertilizer and

lime according to soil tests helps to increase yields if

crops receive the water they require. Erosion is a

hazard on longer, steeper slopes. Conservation

practices, such as stripcropping and conservation

tillage, help to control erosion.

This soil is poorly suited to hay and pasture. Low

available water capacity severely reduces productivity,

especially in summer. Shallow depth to bedrock

severely limits adaptable forage plants. Rotational

grazing, adding lime and fertilizer according to soil

tests, and maintaining proper stocking rates help

to increase vigor and productivity of pasture

seedlings.

Potential productivity for red pine on this soil is low.

Windthrow is a severe hazard because shallow depth

to bedrock limits root development. Minimizing thinning

helps to reduce windthrow. The seedling mortality rate

is severe because the soil is droughty. Timely planting

when the soil is still moist and selecting adaptable
St. Lawrence County, New York 143

species help to increase survival and growth of

seedlings.

Shallow depth to bedrock and rock outcrops are

severe limitations to use of this soil as a site for

dwellings with basements. Dwellings could be built

above bedrock and landscaped with additional fill. An

alternative is to build on included soils, such as

Grenville soils, that are deeper than the Insula soil.

Shallow depth to bedrock and rock outcrops are

severe limitations to use of this soil as a site for local

roads and streets. The included areas of sandstone

and granitic bedrock are difficult and expensive to

blast. In many areas grades and routes of roads could

be planned to avoid rock removal.

This soil is poorly suited to septic tank absorption

fields because of shallow depth to bedrock. The septic

system could be placed on included deeper soils, such

as gently sloping to strongly sloping Grenville soils,

which are well suited to this use.

The capability subclass is 6s. The forestland

ordination symbol is 2D.

IrC—Insula-Rock outcrop complex, rolling

This map unit consists of the shallow, well drained

Insula soil and areas of Rock outcrop in rolling areas

of complex topography (fig. 8). Generally, it is on

networks of ridges and hills where folded and tilted

granitic bedrock is at or near the surface. Slopes range

from 5 to 15 percent. Most areas of this soil and Rock

outcrop are irregular in shape. Areas range from 6 to

300 acres. The unit is about 45 percent Insula soil, 25

percent Rock outcrop, and 30 percent other soils. The

Insula soil and areas of Rock outcrop are intermingled

so closely that they could not be separated at the

scale selected for mapping.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Insula soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 1 inch, slightly decomposed leaf litter

1 to 3 inches, black highly decomposed organic

material mixed with fine sand

Subsoil:

3 to 16 inches, brown gravelly fine sandy loam

Bedrock:

16 inches

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

very poorly drained Carbondale and Dorval soils in

low-lying pockets between ridges. Also included are

small areas of poorly drained and very poorly drained,

clayey Adjidaumo soils in depressions; small,

scattered, slightly concave basins containing clayey,

somewhat poorly drained Muskellunge soils; and small

areas of very shallow Quetico soils. Also included are

some very stony areas, areas of steeper soils on side

slopes of short escarpments, and areas of moderately

deep Nehasne soils and very deep Pyrities soils on

backslopes and foot slopes. Also included are some

areas, notably along the border of Jefferson County,

where the soils are warmer than normal, usually by

less than 2 degrees. Included areas range to 6 acres

and make up about 30 percent of this unit.

Important properties of the Insula soil—

Permeability: Moderately rapid throughout the mineral

soil layer

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Very low or low

Soil Reaction: Very strongly acid to slightly acid

Erosion hazard: Severe

Depth to water table: More than 6 feet

Depth to bedrock: 10 to 20 inches

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Shrink swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Most areas of the Insula soil are forested. Some

areas are in rough pasture.

The Insula soil is poorly suited to cultivated crops.

Use of farm equipment is difficult or impossible

because of complex topography and numerous rock

outcrops and scarps.

The Insula soil is poorly suited to pasture. Uneven

topography and included areas of scarps and wet soils

severely hinder use of equipment needed to improve

or maintain pasture. Managing stocking rates and

controlling brush are needed. Grazing when these

soils are wet causes surface compaction. Overgrazing

can diminish quantity and quality of forage plants and

can cause an erosion hazard on longer, steeper

slopes.

Potential productivity for red pine on the Insula soil

is low. Shallow depth to bedrock limits root

development and windthrow is a severe hazard.

Minimizing thinning reduces windthrow. The seedling

mortality rate is severe because the soil is droughty.

Timely planting when the soil is still moist and

selecting adaptable species help to reduce the

seedling mortality rate. Rock outcrops and included

scarps restrict use of machine planting and harvesting

equipment. Trees are most productive on included

areas of deeper Pyrities and Nehasne soils that

border many hills and ridges.

Shallow depth to bedrock and numerous rock

outcrops are severe limitations to use of the Insula soil

as a site for dwellings with basements. Dwellings could
144 Soil Survey

be built above bedrock and landscaped with additional

fill. An alternative is to build on included soils, such as

deeper Pyrities soils, that are more suitable to this

use.

Shallow depth to bedrock and numerous rock

outcrops are severe limitations to use of the Insula

soil as a site for local roads and streets. Roads and

streets could be built on nearby or included soils,

such as Pyrities soils, that are more favorable to this

use.

The Insula soil is poorly suited to septic tank

absorption fields because of shallow depth to bedrock

and rock outcrops. Nearby or included, deeper soils,

such as Pyrities soils on gentle slopes, are better

suited to this use.

The capability subclass is 6s. The forestland

ordination symbol is 2D for the Insula soil. Rock

outcrop was not assigned an ordination symbol.

IrD—Insula-Rock outcrop complex, hilly

This map unit consists of moderately steep areas of

the shallow, well drained Insula soil and areas of Rock

outcrop in areas of complex topography. The unit

generally is on a network of ridges and hills where

folded, tilted granitic bedrock is at or near the surface.

Slopes are complex and range from 15 to 35 percent.

Most areas of this unit are irregular in shape. Areas

range from 6 to 200 acres. The unit consists of about

45 percent Insula soil, 25 percent Rock outcrop, and

30 percent other soils. The Insula soil and areas of

Rock outcrop are intermingled so closely that they

could not be separated at the scale selected for

mapping.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Insula soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 1 inch, slightly decomposed leaf litter

1 to 3 inches, black highly decomposed organic

material mixed with fine sand

Subsoil:

3 to 16 inches, brown gravelly fine sandy loam

Bedrock:

16 inches

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas

of very poorly drained Carbondale and Dorval soils

in low-lying pockets between ridges. Also included

are small areas of poorly drained and very poorly

drained clayey Adjidaumo soils in depressions;

areas of clayey, somewhat poorly drained

Muskellunge soils in scattered, small, slightly

concave basins; small areas of very shallow

Quetico soils; some areas that are stony or bouldery;

and many, small, linear bedrock escarpments on

side slopes of ridges. Also included are small areas

of moderately deep Nehasne soils and very deep

Pyrities soils on backslopes and footslopes and

some areas, notably along the border of Jefferson

County, where the soils are warmer than normal,

usually by less than 2 degrees. Included areas

range to 6 acres and make up about 30 percent

of this unit.

Figure 8.—Typical landscape of Insula-Rock outcrop complex, rolling. Areas of Rock outcrop and the shallow Insula soil are

intermingled in this map unit.
St. Lawrence County, New York 145

Important properties of the Insula soil—

Permeability: Moderately rapid throughout the mineral

soil layer

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Very low or low

Soil Reaction: Very strongly acid to slightly acid

Erosion hazard: Severe

Depth to water table: More than 6 feet

Depth to bedrock: 10 to 20 inches

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Shrink swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Most areas of this Insula soil are forested. Many

areas are in rough pasture.

The Insula soil is poorly suited to cultivation. Use of

farm equipment is difficult or impossible because of

uneven topography, numerous rock outcrops, and

steep slopes.

The Insula soil is poorly suited to pasture. Uneven

topography, rock outcrops, excessive slope, and

included scarps and wetter soils severely limit use of

equipment needed to improve and maintain pasture.

Managing stocking rates and controlling brush are

management concerns. Grazing when these soils are

wet causes surface compaction. Overgrazing can

diminish quantity and quality of forage plants and can

cause an erosion hazard.

Potential productivity for red pine on this Insula

soil is low. Windthrow is a severe hazard because

shallow depth to bedrock limits root development.

Minimizing thinning helps to reduce windthrow.

Steepness of slope, rock outcrops, and included

scarps and wet soils severely limit use of machine

planting and harvesting equipment. The seedling

mortality rate is excessive because the Insula soil

is droughty. Timely planting when the soil is still

moist and selecting adaptable species help to

reduce the seedling mortality rate. Trees are

most productive on included areas of deeper

Pyrities and Nehasne soils that border many hills

and ridges.

Excessive slope, shallow depth to bedrock, and

numerous rock outcrops are severe limitations to use

of the Insula soil as a site for dwellings with

basements. Included areas of less sloping, deeper

soils, such as Pyrities soils, are better suited to this

use.

Excessive slope, shallow depth to bedrock, and

numerous rock outcrops are severe limitations to use

of the Insula soil as a site for local roads and streets.

Grade and alignment of roads could be planned to

avoid excessive slope and rock removal. An alternative

is to build roads and streets on nearby or included

soils, such as Pyrities soils, that are deeper and less

sloping than the Insula soil.

The Insula soil is poorly suited to septic tank

absorption fields because of excessive slope, shallow

depth to bedrock, and areas of exposed bedrock.

Inclusions of deeper soils, such as Pyrities soils on

gentler slopes, are better suited to this use.

The capability subclass is 7s. The forestland

ordination symbol is 2D for the Insula soil. Rock

outcrop was not assigned an ordination symbol.

KaA—Kalurah fine sandy loam, 0 to 3

percent slopes

This is a very deep, nearly level, moderately well

drained soil on slightly convex tops of low ridges, hills,

and benches on glacial till plains. Most areas of this

soil are irregular in shape. Areas are 6 to 20 acres, but

the range is 6 to 50 acres.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Kalurah soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 11 inches, dark brown fine sandy loam

Subsoil:

11 to 24 inches, brown fine sandy loam

24 to 47 inches, brown gravelly fine sandy loam

Substratum:

47 to 72 inches, dark yellowish brown gravelly fine

sandy loam

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas

of somewhat poorly drained Malone soils and very

poorly drained Runeberg soils in shallow depressions

and along drainageways. Also included are well

drained Pyrities soils on knolls and in other high

areas of the map unit, areas of moderately deep

Nehasne soils and shallow Summerville and Insula

soils where the depth to bedrock is less than 40

inches, and small areas of rock outcrops. Also

included are areas of Adams and Waddington soils

on small knolls or ridges where flowing water or

wave action deposited sand or stratified sand and

gravel. Inclusions range to 6 acres and make up

about 20 percent of this unit.

Important properties of the Kalurah soil—

Permeability: Moderate in the surface layer,

moderately slow in the subsoil, and slow in the

substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Moderate or high

Soil reaction: Moderately acid to neutral in the surface
146 Soil Survey

layer, slightly acid to neutral in the subsoil,

and neutral to moderately alkaline in the

substratum

Erosion hazard: Slight

Depth to water table: From a depth of 1.5 to 2 feet

from November to May

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: High

Flooding hazard: None

Most areas of this soil are used for cultivated crops

or hay. Some areas are used for pasture. A few areas

are wooded or are reverting to brush.

This soil is suited to cultivated crops. In some years

the seasonal high water table delays planting in spring.

Drainage of included wet spots facilitates early tillage

and late harvest operations. Additions of fertilizer and

lime according to soil tests and a crop rotation that

limits consecutive years of row crops help to maintain

high productivity and good tilth. Periodic stone

removal is needed to prevent excessive wear on

machinery.

This soil is well suited to hayland and pasture.

Grazing when the soil is wet causes surface

compaction and loss of pasture seeding. Restricting

livestock in early spring and during other wet periods

helps to maintain good soil structure. Regular

fertilizing, liming, and mowing help to maintain

productive stands.

Potential productivity for sugar maple on this soil is

high. There are few limitations to planting, harvesting,

or managing woodlots on this soil.

The seasonal high water table is the

main limitation to use of this soil as a site for

dwellings with basements. Installing drains by

footings helps to reduce wetness. Adequately

sealing foundations helps to prevent wet

basements.

Potential for frost action is the main limitation to

use of this soil as a site for local roads and streets.

Providing coarser grained subgrade or base

material to frost depth helps to prevent frost

action from damaging pavement.

The seasonal high water table and slow

permeability in the substratum are the main

limitations to use of this soil as a site for

septic tank absorption fields. Installing a drainage

system around the filter field helps to reduce

wetness. Enlarging the absorption field and

placing a wide, deep trench below the distribution

lines help to compensate for the slow

permeability.

The capability subclass is 2w. The forestland

ordination symbol is 3A.

KaB—Kalurah fine sandy loam, 3 to 8

percent slopes

This is a very deep, gently sloping, moderately well

drained soil on broad tops of low ridges and hills, on

benches, and on convex backslopes on glacial till

plains. Most areas of this soil are irregular in shape.

Areas are 6 to 20 acres, but the range is 6 to 50 acres.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Kalurah soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 11 inches, dark brown fine sandy loam

Subsoil:

11 to 24 inches, brown fine sandy loam

24 to 47 inches, brown gravelly fine sandy loam

Substratum:

47 to 72 inches, dark yellowish brown gravelly fine

sandy loam

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

somewhat poorly drained Malone soils and very poorly

drained Runeberg soils in shallow depressions and

along drainageways. Also included are areas of well

drained Pyrities soils on knolls and the tops of hills,

areas of moderately deep Nehasne soils and shallow

Summerville and Insula soils where depth to bedrock

is less than 40 inches, and small areas of rock

outcrops. Also included are areas of Adams and

Waddington soils on small knolls or ridges where

flowing water or wave action deposited sand and

stratified sand and gravel. Inclusions range to 6 acres

and make up about 20 percent of this unit.

Important properties of the Kalurah soil—

Permeability: Moderate in the surface layer,

moderately slow in the subsoil, and slow in the

substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Moderate or high

Soil reaction: Moderately acid to neutral in the surface

layer, slightly acid to neutral in the subsoil, and

neutral to moderately alkaline in the substratum

Erosion hazard: Moderate

Depth to water table: From a depth of 1.5 to 2 feet in

November to May

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Most areas of this soil are used for cultivated crops

or hay. Some areas are used as pasture. A few areas

are wooded or are reverting to brush.
St. Lawrence County, New York 147

This soil is suited to cultivated crops. Erosion is a

hazard on longer, steeper slopes. Conservation tillage,

cover crops, contour farming, and sod crops included

in the crop rotation help to control erosion. In some

years the seasonal high water table delays plowing

and planting in spring. Drainage of included wet spots

facilitates early tillage and late harvest operations.

Erosion control practices, applications of lime and

fertilizer according to soil tests, and crop rotations that

limit consecutive years of cultivated crops help to

maintain high productivity and good tilth. Periodic

stone removal is needed to prevent excessive wear on

machinery.

This soil is well suited to hay and pasture.

Overgrazing causes loss of desirable plants and

excessive erosion, especially on longer, steeper

slopes. Rotational grazing helps to control erosion and

to preserve quality of pastures. Grazing when the soil

is wet causes surface compaction and loss of pasture

seeding. Livestock needs to be restricted from pasture

until the soil dries out sufficiently to support animal

traffic. Regular fertilizing, liming, and mowing help to

maintain productive stands.

Potential productivity for sugar maple on this soil is

high. There are few limitations to planting, harvesting,

or managing woodlots on this soil.

The seasonal high water table is the main limitation

to use of this soil as a site for dwellings with

basements. Installing drains by footings helps to

reduce wetness. Adequately sealing foundations helps

to prevent wet basements.

Potential for frost action is the main limitation to use

of this soil as a site for local roads and streets.

Providing coarser grained subgrade or base material

to frost depth helps to prevent frost action from

damaging pavement.

The seasonal high water table and slow

permeability in the substratum are the main limitations

to use of this soil as a site for septic tank absorption

fields. Installing a drainage system around the filter

field helps to reduce wetness. Enlarging the

absorption field and placing a wide, deep trench below

the distribution lines help to compensate for the slow

permeability.

The capability subclass is 2e. The forestland

ordination symbol is 3A.

KbB—Kalurah and Pyrities soils, 0 to 8

percent slopes, very stony

This map unit consists of very deep, nearly level

and gently sloping soils on glacial till plains. Typically,

moderately well drained Kalurah soils are on

backslopes, benches, and broad hilltops and well

drained Pyrities soils are on upper slopes and on

convex knolls and hilltops. Stones 3 to 25 feet apart

and boulders cover 0.1 to 3 percent of the surface.

Most areas of these soils are irregular in shape. Areas

are 6 to 30 acres, but the range is 6 to 50 acres. Most

areas consist almost entirely of either Kalurah or

Pyrities soils, but some areas consist of both soils.

These soils are similar in use and composition, have

many stones on the surface, and were not separated

in mapping. The unit is about 55 percent Kalurah soils,

30 percent Pyrities soils, and 15 percent other soils.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Kalurah soils—

Surface layer:

0 to 11 inches, dark brown fine sandy loam

Subsoil:

11 to 24 inches, brown fine sandy loam

24 to 47 inches, brown gravelly fine sandy loam

Substratum:

47 to 72 inches, dark yellowish brown gravelly fine

sandy loam

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Pyrities soils—

Surface layer:

0 to 8 inches, dark brown fine sandy loam

Subsoil:

8 to 30 inches, brown fine sandy loam

30 to 40 inches, brown gravelly fine sandy loam

Substratum:

40 to 72 inches, brown gravelly fine sandy loam

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

somewhat poorly drained Malone soils and very poorly

drained Runeberg soils on footslopes, along

drainageways, and in other concave areas. Also

included are small areas of moderately deep Nehasne

soils and shallow Insula and Summerville soils where

bedrock is at a depth of less than 40 inches, small

areas of rock outcrops, and areas of sandy Adams

soils and gravelly Waddington soils in small pockets of

sand and gravel on knolls and ridges. Also included

are small, scattered areas that are free of surface

stones. Included areas range to 6 acres and make up

about 15 percent of this unit.

Important properties of Kalurah soils—

Permeability: Moderate in the surface layer,

moderately slow in the subsoil, and slow in the

substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Moderate or high
148 Soil Survey

Soil reaction: Moderately acid to neutral in the surface

layer, slightly acid or neutral in the subsoil,

and neutral to moderately alkaline in the

substratum

Erosion hazard: Severe

Depth to water table: From a depth of 1.5 to 2 feet in

November to May

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Important properties of Pyrities soils—

Permeability: Moderate in the surface layer and the

subsoil and moderately slow or slow in the

substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Moderate or high

Soil reaction: Moderately acid to neutral in the surface

layer, slightly acid to slightly alkaline in the subsoil,

and slightly acid to moderately alkaline in the

substratum

Erosion hazard: Severe

Depth to water table: More than 6 feet

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Most areas of these soils are used as woodland or

as unimproved pasture. Some abandoned pastures

are reverting to brush or trees.

These soils are poorly suited to cultivated crops.

Numerous surface stones are a severe limitation to

use of tillage, planting, and harvesting equipment.

Erosion is a moderate hazard.

These soils are poorly suited to pasture. Surface

stones severely hinder use of equipment needed to

improve and maintain pasture. Managing stocking

rates and controlling brush are management

concerns. Grazing when these soils are wet causes

surface compaction. Overgrazing can diminish quantity

and quality of forage plants and can cause an erosion

hazard on longer, steeper slopes.

Potential productivity for sugar maple on these soils

is high. Surface stones hinder machine planting.

Otherwise, there are few limitations to woodland use

and management.

The seasonal high water table on Kalurah soils is a

limitation to use of these soils as a site for dwellings

with basements. However, Pyrities soils are well suited

to this use. On Kalurah soils, installing drains by

footings helps to reduce wetness. Adequately sealing

foundations helps to prevent wet basements. In some

areas surface stones need to be cleared before

establishing lawns.

Potential for frost action is the main limitation to use

of these soils as a site for local roads and streets.

Pyrities soils are less susceptible to frost action than

Kalurah soils. Providing coarser grained subgrade or

base material to frost depth helps to prevent frost

action from damaging pavement.

Slow permeability in the substratum of Kalurah and

Pyrities soils and the seasonal high water table on

Kalurah soils are the main limitations to use of these

soils as a site for septic tank absorption fields.

Wetness and slow permeability can cause effluent

from absorption fields to seep out on the surface.

Enlarging the absorption field and placing a wide,

deep trench below the distribution lines help to

compensate for the slow permeability. Installing a

drainage system around the filter field helps to reduce

wetness.

The capability subclass is 6s for the Kalurah and

Pyrities soils. The forestland ordination symbol is 4A

for Kalurah soils and 3A for Pyrities soils.

Lc—Lovewell silt loam

This is a very deep, moderately well drained, nearly

level soil on flood plains bordering streams and rivers.

Areas of this soil are long and narrow. They range from

10 to 80 acres. Typically, slopes are smooth and range

from 0 to 3 percent.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Lovewell soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 10 inches, very dark grayish brown silt loam

10 to 14 inches, very dark grayish brown and dark

brown silt loam

Subsoil:

14 to 29 inches, dark yellowish brown silt loam

Substratum:

29 to 52 inches, dark yellowish brown very fine sandy

loam

52 to 72 inches, grayish brown very fine sandy loam

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

somewhat poorly drained Cornish soils, small areas of

poorly drained Adjidaumo soils, and small areas of

very poorly drained Borosaprists and somewhat poorly

drained to very poorly drained Fluvaquents in

depressions. Included areas range to 6 acres and

make up about 10 percent of this map unit.

Important properties of the Lovewell soil—
St. Lawrence County, New York 149

Permeability: Moderate throughout

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): High

Soil reaction: Very strongly acid to slightly acid

throughout

Erosion hazard: Slight

Depth to water table: From 1.5 to 3.0 feet in November

to May

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: Occasional

Most areas of this soil are in cultivated crops or

trees.

This soil is suited to cultivated crops. It is subject to

flooding, in most years early enough in spring not to

interfere with tillage or establishing seedlings. Cover

crops or sod crops in the cropping system help to

protect the surface from scouring during flooding. Low

soil reaction and medium natural fertility are

limitations. Applying lime and fertilizer according to soil

tests helps to increase soil reaction and to improve

fertility. Streambanks are subject to erosion. Tree

borders and green strips along streambanks help to

stabilize streambanks.

This soil is suited to hay and pasture. Fences and

tree borders along streambanks help to protect

streambanks from erosion. Overgrazing can restrict

plant growth and cause loss of pasture seeding.

Grazing when this soil is wet causes surface

compaction. Keeping livestock off this soil in early

spring and during other wet periods helps to maintain

good soil tilth. Proper stocking rates, rotational

grazing, and yearly mowing help to maintain quantity

and quality of forage. Applying lime and fertilizer is

needed for optimum growth of pasture grasses. In

some years the seasonal high water table limits the

duration of deep-rooted legume seedlings. Subsurface

drainage helps to reduce wetness.

Potential productivity for white pine on this soil is

high. Windthrow is a moderate hazard because the

seasonal high water table limits root development.

Minimizing thinning and planting shallow-rooted plants

help to reduce windthrow. Plant competition is a

problem on tree plantations. Mechanical or chemical

site preparation helps to reduce plant competition.

Flooding and the seasonal high water table are

limitations to use of this soil as a site for dwellings with

basements. Dwellings could be built on other soils,

such as deep, well drained Pyrities soils, that are

better suited to this use.

This soil is fairly suited to use as a site for local

roads and streets. Seasonal flooding and potential for

frost action are hazards. Constructing roads and

streets on raised fill material helps to overcome

flooding. Using coarser grained subgrade or base

material to frost depth helps to prevent frost action

from damaging pavement.

This map unit is poorly suited to septic tank

absorption fields because flooding and wetness.

These limitations can cause a failure of the septic

system and contamination of both ground water and

surface water. The absorption field could be placed on

nearby soils, such as Pyrities soils, that are not wet.

The capability subclass is 2w. The forestland

ordination symbol is 10A.

Ld—Loxley mucky peat

This is a very deep, nearly level, very poorly

drained soil that formed in organic deposits in lowlying basins and depressions. Small hummocks and

bumps on the surface are prevalent across otherwise

smooth, nearly level slopes. Areas of this soil are 10 to

200 acres, but the range is 6 to 1,000 acres. Slopes

range from 0 to 2 percent.

Typically the sequence, depth, and composition of

the layers of the Loxley soil —

Surface layer:

0 to 3 inches, very dark grayish brown mucky peat

Subsurface layer:

3 to 72 inches, black muck

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

Berkshire, Searsport, Naumburg, Croghan, Adams,

Tughill, Lyme, Colton, and Dawson soils. Searsport

soils, somewhat poorly drained and poorly drained

Naumburg soils, moderately well drained Croghan

soils, and somewhat excessively drained or

excessively drained Adams soils are sandy. Well

drained Berkshire soils, very poorly drained Tughill

soils, and poorly drained Lyme soils are loamy and in

most areas have stones and boulders on the surface.

Colton soils are excessively drained and very gravelly.

Naumburg, Croghan, Adams, Lyme, and Colton soils

are on small hills and ridges. Dawson soils formed in

similar materials as the Loxley soil, but are less than

51 inches deep to a mineral substratum. Dawson soils

are in perimeter areas near adjoining map units, or

they are near included areas of mineral soils. Also

included are small areas of Borosaprists and

Fluvaquents and some small areas of rock outcrops

and shallow soils. Included areas range to 6 acres and

make up about 25 percent of this unit.

Important properties of the Loxley soil—

Permeability: Moderate or moderately rapid in the
150 Soil Survey

surface layer and moderately slow to moderately

rapid below

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): High

Soil reaction: Extremely acid throughout

Erosion hazard: Slight

Depth to water table: From 1 foot above to 1 foot below

the surface from November to May

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Many areas of this soil are woodland. Some areas

are in open sphagnum bogs.

This soil is not suited to agriculture unless artificial

drainage is installed.

Potential productivity for black spruce on this soil is

low. The seasonal high water table causes a high

seedling mortality rate. Selecting water-tolerant

species helps to improve timber production. The root

zone in this soil is very shallow, and trees blow over

easily. Minimizing thinning helps to reduce windthrow.

The soil is soft and unstable when wet and will not

support heavy planting or logging equipment. Logging

in winter when the ground is frozen reduces the

problems from heavy equipment use.

This soil is poorly suited to dwellings with

basements because of the subsidence hazard,

seasonal ponding, and low strength. Well drained, very

deep Berkshire soils, which are nearby or included,

are better suited to this use.

Potential subsidence, ponding, and potential for

frost action are severe limitations to use of this soil as

a site for local roads and streets. Where possible,

routes can be planned around this soil.

This soil is poorly suited to septic tank absorption

fields because of the subsidence hazard, ponding, and

moderately slow permeability. Berkshire or Pyrities

soils, which are nearby or included, are better suited

to this use.

The capability subclass is 5w. The forestland

ordination symbol is 2W.

LeC—Lyman-Rock outcrop complex, 3 to

15 percent slopes, very bouldery

This map unit consists of shallow, somewhat

excessively drained Lyman soil and areas of Rock

outcrop generally on upper slopes and tops of ridges

and hills where folded and tilted granitic bedrock is at

or near the surface. Boulders 10 to 70 feet apart and

stones cover 0.1 to 3 percent of the surface of this soil.

Most areas of this soil and rock outcrops are irregular

in shape. Areas range from 6 to 200 acres. The unit is

about 45 percent Lyman soils, 30 percent Rock

outcrop, and 25 percent other soils. Areas of the

Lyman soil and Rock outcrop are intermingled so

closely that they could not be separated at the scale

selected for mapping.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Lyman soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 3 inches, black silt loam

Subsurface layer:

3 to 4 inches, pinkish gray silt loam

Subsoil:

4 to 14 inches, reddish brown silt loam

Bedrock:

14 inches, granitic bedrock

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

Dawson soils in low-lying pockets between ridges.

Also included are areas of soils that are less than 8

inches deep to bedrock, areas of steeper slopes and

escarpments on hillsides, and areas of moderately

deep Tunbridge soils and very deep Potsdam soils on

backslopes. Included areas range to 6 acres and

make up about 25 percent of this unit.

Important properties of the Lyman soil—

Permeability: Moderately rapid throughout

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Very low or low

Soil reaction: Extremely acid to moderately acid

throughout

Erosion hazard: Severe

Depth to water table: More than 6 feet

Depth to bedrock: 10 to 20 inches

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Most areas of the Lyman soil are forested.

The Lyman soil is unsuited to cultivation. Use of

farm equipment is difficult or impossible because of

surface boulders and numerous rock outcrops and

scarps.

This soil is poorly suited to pasture. Uneven

topography, numerous surface boulders, and included

scarps and wet soils severely limit use of equipment

needed to improve and maintain pasture. Managing

stocking rates and controlling brush are needed.

Grazing when these soils are wet causes surface

compaction. Overgrazing can diminish quantity and

quality of forage plants and can cause an erosion

hazard on longer, steeper slopes.
St. Lawrence County, New York 151

Potential productivity for sugar maple on the Lyman

soil is low. The soil is droughty and the seedling

mortality rate is severe. Timely planting when the soil

is still moist and selecting adaptable species help to

reduce the seedling mortality rate. The windthrow

hazard is severe because shallow depth to bedrock

limits root development. Minimizing thinning helps to

reduce windthrow. On tree plantations plant

competition is also a problem. Mechanical or

chemical site preparation helps to reduce plant

competition. Numerous surface boulders and rock

outcrops restrict use of machine planting and

harvesting equipment.

Shallow depth to bedrock and numerous rock

outcrops are severe limitations to use of the Lyman

soil as a site for dwellings with basements. Building

above bedrock and landscaping with additional fill

are needed. An alternative is to select included soils,

such as Potsdam soils, that are better suited to this

use.

Shallow depth to bedrock and numerous rock

outcrops are severe limitations to use of the Lyman

soil as a site for local roads and streets. Grades and

locations of roads could be planned to avoid rock

removal. Most areas of this soil are in remote areas

where roads on this soil could be avoided.

The Lyman soil is poorly suited to use as a site for

septic tank absorption fields because of shallow depth

to bedrock and rock outcrops. Most inclusions of

deeper soils are better suited to this use.

The capability subclass is 6s for the Lyman soil and

8 for Rock outcrop. The forestland ordination symbol is

2D for the Lyman soil. Rock outcrop was not assigned

an ordination symbol.

LeD—Lyman-Rock outcrop complex, 15 to

35 percent slopes, very bouldery

This map unit consists of the shallow, somewhat

excessively drained Lyman soil and areas of Rock

outcrop on side slopes and tops of ridges and hills or

on networks of hills and ridges where folded and tilted

granitic bedrock is at or near the surface. The Lyman

soil is generally on crests and backslopes of ridges

and hills near Rock outcrop. In some places rock

outcrop forms nearly vertical scarps. Boulders 10 to

70 feet apart and stones cover 0.1 to 3 percent of the

surface. Most areas of this soil and rock outcrops are

irregular in shape. Areas range from 6 to 200 acres.

This unit is about 45 percent Lyman soil, 30 percent

Rock outcrop, and 25 percent other soils. The Lyman

soil and areas of Rock outcrop are intermingled so

closely that they could not be separated at the scale

selected for mapping.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Lyman soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 3 inches, black silt loam

Subsurface layer:

3 to 4 inches, pinkish gray silt loam

Subsoil:

4 to 14 inches, reddish brown silt loam

Bedrock:

14 inches, gneiss bedrock

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

Dawson soils in low-lying pockets between ridges.

Also included are areas of soils that are less than 8

inches deep to bedrock, areas of steeper soils and

escarpments on side slopes, and areas of moderately

deep Tunbridge soils and very deep soils on hillsides.

Included areas range to 6 acres and make up about

25 percent of this unit.

Important properties of the Lyman soil—

Permeability: Moderately rapid throughout

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Very low or low

Soil reaction: Extremely acid to moderately acid

throughout

Erosion hazard: Severe

Depth to water table: More than 6 feet

Depth to bedrock: 10 to 20 inches

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

The Lyman soil is mostly forested.

The Lyman soil is unsuited to cultivation. Use of

farm equipment is difficult or impossible because of

steepness of slope, numerous rock outcrops, boulders

on the surface, and included wet soils and scarps.

The Lyman soil is poorly suited to pasture. Uneven

topography, numerous surface boulders, and included

scarps and wet soils severely limit use of equipment

needed to improve and maintain pasture. Managing

stocking rates and controlling brush are needed.

Grazing when the Lyman soil is wet causes surface

compaction. Overgrazing can diminish quantity and

quality of forage plants and can cause an erosion

hazard.

Potential productivity for sugar maple on the Lyman

soil is low. The soil is droughty and the seedling

mortality rate is severe. Timely planting when the soil

is still moist and selecting adaptable species help to

reduce the seedling mortality rate. Windthrow is a

severe hazard because shallow depth to bedrock
152 Soil Survey

limits root development. Minimizing thinning helps to

reduce windthrow. Plant competition is a problem for

tree plantations. Mechanical or chemical site

preparation helps to reduce plant competition.

Steepness of slope, numerous surface boulders, and

rock outcrops restrict use of machine planting and

harvesting equipment.

Shallow depth to bedrock, numerous rock outcrops,

and slope are severe limitations to use of the Lyman

soil as a site for dwellings with basements. Nearby

inclusions of deeper, less sloping soils likely are more

suitable to this use.

Shallow depth to bedrock, numerous rock outcrops,

and slope are severe limitations to use of the Lyman

soil as a site for local roads and streets. Roads and

streets could be planned around the Lyman soil and

rock outcrops.

The Lyman soil is poorly suited to use as a site for

septic tank absorption fields because of slope, shallow

depth to bedrock, and rock outcrops. Most inclusions

of deeper, less sloping soils are better suited to this

use.

The capability subclass is 7s for the Lyman soil and

8 for Rock outcrop. The forestland ordination symbol is

2D for the Lyman soil. Rock outcrop was not assigned

an ordination symbol.

Lt—Lyme-Tughill complex, very bouldery

This map unit consists of very deep, poorly drained

and very poorly drained, nearly level and gently

sloping soils formed in glacial till deposits in low

positions between hills and ridges or in broad, beveled

areas on gentle backslopes of large hills, on uplands.

Slopes are mostly simple and range from 0 to 8

percent. Boulders about 10 to 70 feet apart and stones

cover 0.1 to 3 percent of the surface. Areas of these

soils have various shapes. Most areas are 40 to 80

acres, but the range is 6 to 80 acres. The unit is about

55 percent poorly drained Lyme soil, 25 percent very

poorly drained Tughill soil, and 20 percent other soils.

The Lyme and Tughill soils are intermingled so closely

that they could not be separated at the scale selected

for mapping.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Lyme soil are as follows—

Surface layer:

0 to 3 inches, very dark gray sandy loam

Subsoil:

3 to 6 inches, grayish brown sandy loam

6 to 11 inches, dark grayish brown sandy loam

11 to 16 inches, brown cobbly sandy loam

Substratum:

16 to 24 inches, dark grayish brown gravelly sandy

loam

24 to 72 inches, brown gravelly sandy loam

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Tughill soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 4 inches, black muck

4 to 8 inches, black gravelly mucky sandy loam

Subsoil:

8 to 40 inches, grayish brown very gravelly sandy loam

Substratum:

40 to 72 inches, gray very gravelly sandy loam

Included with these soils in mapping are small

areas of organic Dawson and Loxley soils in pockets

of accumulated organic material. Also included, on

pronounced hummocks, are small areas of well

drained Berkshire soils; areas of sandy Searsport and

Naumburg soils where flowing water deposited sand,

commonly on low terraces along streams; and small

areas where significantly fewer stones are on the

surface. Also included, particularly at higher

elevations, are areas of well drained, moderately deep

Tunbridge soils on small hillocks. Inclusions range to 6

acres and make up about 20 percent of this map unit.

Important properties of the Lyme soil—

Permeability: Moderate or moderately rapid throughout

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Moderate

Soil Reaction: Very strongly acid or strongly acid

throughout

Erosion hazard: Slight

Depth to water table: From the surface to a depth of

1.5 feet in November to May

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Important properties of the Tughill soil—

Permeability: Moderate or moderately rapid in the

organic part of the surface layer, moderate in the

mineral part of the surface layer and subsurface

layer, moderately slow in the subsoil, and slow in

the substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Moderate

Soil reaction: Extremely acid to strongly acid in the

surface and the subsurface layers, extremely acid

to moderately acid in the subsoil, and moderately

acid or slightly acid in the substratum
St. Lawrence County, New York 153

Erosion hazard: Slight

Depth to water table: From 1 foot above the surface to

0.5 foot below the surface in November to June

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Much of this unit is woodland.

These soils are poorly suited to cultivated crops.

Stoniness and wetness are the main limitations.

These soils are poorly suited to pasture. Surface

stones severely hinder use of equipment needed to

improve and maintain pasture. Proper stocking rates

and brush control are management concerns. In

most years the surface is saturated for much of the

growing season and pastures are not productive.

Grazing when these soils are wet causes surface

compaction.

Potential productivity for red maple on these soils is

low or moderate. In most areas the soils are too wet

and bouldery for machine planting of seedlings.

Operating planting and harvesting equipment on

saturated soils causes rutting and surface compaction.

Logging when the soil is frozen or in late summer

when the soil is relatively dry reduces problems

from equipment use. Windthrow is a severe hazard

because the seasonal high water table limits

root development. Minimizing thinning reduces

windthrow. The seedling mortality rate is severe

because of wetness. Timely planting when the soil

is moist, but not saturated, and selecting

adaptable species help to reduce the seedling

mortality rate.

These soils are unsuitable for dwellings with

basements because of severe wetness. Nearby or

included soils, such as Berkshire soils, are better

suited to this use.

The seasonal high water table and potential for

frost action are severe limitations to use of these

soils as a site for local roads and streets.

Constructing roads on raised fill material and

installing a drainage system help to compensate

for wetness. Providing coarser grained subgrade

or base material to frost depth helps to prevent

frost action from damaging pavement.

These soils are unsuitable for septic tank

absorption fields because of the seasonal high water

table and slow permeability in the substratum. Nearby

or included soils, such as Berkshire soils, are well

suited to this use.

The capability subclass is 7s for the Lyme and

Tughill soils. The forestland ordination symbol is

8W for the Lyme soil and 2W for the Tughill

soil.

MaA—Malone loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes

This is a very deep, nearly level, somewhat poorly

drained soil in faintly concave areas on broad ridges

and hilltops and on benches and footslopes on glacial

till plains. Areas of this soil are irregular in shape. Most

areas are 6 to 20 acres, but the range is 6 to more

than 50 acres.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Malone soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 10 inches, very dark grayish brown loam

Subsoil:

10 to 19 inches, dark yellowish brown gravelly fine

sandy loam

19 to 25 inches, grayish brown gravelly sandy loam

Substratum:

25 to 72 inches, light brownish gray gravelly sandy

loam

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

very poorly drained Runeberg soils in depressions and

along drainageways. Also included are areas of

moderately well drained Kalurah and Hogansburg soils

on convex knolls and in other high areas of the map

unit, areas of moderately deep Ogdensburg soils and

shallow Hannawa soils where bedrock is less than 40

inches deep, and small areas of rock outcrops. Also

included are some small areas that have a very stony

surface layer. Included areas range to 6 acres and

make up about 20 percent of this unit.

Important properties of the Malone soil—

Permeability: Moderate in the surface layer and

moderately slow or slow in the subsoil and

substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Moderate

Soil reaction: Moderately acid or slightly acid in the

surface layer, slightly acid or neutral in the subsoil,

and neutral to moderately alkaline in the

substratum

Erosion hazard: Slight

Depth to water table: From 0.5 to 1.5 feet below the

surface in October to May

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Most areas of this soil are used for hay and pasture.

Some areas are used for cultivated crops or as

woodland, or are reverting to brushland or woodland.
154 Soil Survey

This soil is poorly suited to cultivated crops

because of wetness. In some years wetness delays

planting in spring and harvesting in fall. The seasonal

high water table restricts root growth of most plants.

Artificial drainage helps to reduce wetness. Stones in

the soil can cause excessive wear of machinery.

Draining the soil and adding lime and fertilizer

according to soil tests increase productivity on this

soil.

This soil is fairly suited to hayland and pasture. The

seasonal high water table restricts the root growth of

some plants, especially legumes. In areas with

adequate drainage, the soil is well suited to legume

hay crops. Grazing when the soil is wet causes

surface compaction. Restricting stock from pasture

in early spring and during other wet periods helps

to maintain good soil structure. Regular fertilizing,

liming, and mowing help to sustain productive

stands.

Potential productivity for red maple on this soil is

moderate. Wetness limits use of equipment.

Restricting heavy equipment use to drier periods or

when the soil is frozen in winter helps to minimize

rutting of the soil and related equipment problems.

The seedling mortality rate is moderate because

of wetness. Timely planting when the soil is still

moist, but not wet, and selecting adaptable species

reduce the seedling mortality rate. Windthrow hazard

is moderate because the seasonal high water table

limits root development. Minimizing thinning and

planting shallow-rooted species help to reduce

windthrow.

The seasonal high water table is the main limitation

to use of this soil as a site for dwellings with

basements. Installing drains by footings helps to

reduce wetness. Adequately sealing foundations helps

to prevent wet basements.

The seasonal high water table and potential for frost

action are the main limitations to use of this soil as a

site for local roads and streets. Constructing roads on

raised fill material and installing a drainage system

help to compensate for wetness. Providing coarser

grained subgrade or base material to frost depth helps

to prevent frost action from damaging pavement.

The seasonal high water table and slow or

moderately slow permeability are the main limitations

to use of this soil as a site for septic tank absorption

fields. Placing a drainage system around the filter field

helps to reduce wetness. Enlarging the absorption

field and placing a wide, deep trench below the

distribution lines help to compensate for the slow or

moderately slow permeability.

The capability subclass is 3w. The forestland

ordination symbol is 3W.

MaB—Malone loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes

This is a very deep, gently sloping, somewhat

poorly drained soil in slightly concave areas on broad

ridges and hilltops and on benches, footslopes, and

lower backslopes on glacial till plains. Areas of this soil

are irregular in shape. Most areas are 6 to 20 acres,

but the range is 6 to more than 50 acres.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Malone soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 10 inches, very dark grayish brown loam

Subsoil:

10 to 19 inches, dark yellowish brown gravelly fine

sandy loam

19 to 25 inches, grayish brown gravelly sandy loam

Substratum:

25 to 72 inches, light brownish gray gravelly sandy

loam

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

very poorly drained Runeberg soils in depressions and

along drainageways. Also included are moderately well

drained Kalurah and Hogansburg soils on convex

knolls and in other high areas, areas of moderately

deep Ogdensburg soils and shallow Hannawa soils

where bedrock is less than 40 inches deep, and small

areas of rock outcrops. Also included are some small

areas of very stony soils. Included areas range to 6

acres and make up about 20 percent of this unit.

Important properties of the Malone soil—

Permeability: Moderate in the surface layer and

moderately slow or slow in the subsoil and

substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Moderate

Soil reaction: Moderately acid or slightly acid in the

surface layer, slightly acid or neutral in the subsoil,

and neutral to moderately alkaline in the

substratum

Erosion hazard: Slight

Depth to water table: From 0.5 to 1.5 feet below the

surface in October to May

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Most areas of this soil are used for hayland or

pasture. Some areas are used for cultivated crops or

as woodland. Some cleared areas are reverting to

brushland or woodland.
St. Lawrence County, New York 155

This soil is poorly suited to cultivated crops

because of wetness. In some years wetness delays

planting in spring and harvesting in fall and restricts

root growth of most plants. Artificial drainage helps to

reduce wetness. Stones in the soil can cause

excessive wear of machinery. Erosion can be a hazard

on longer, steeper slopes. Conservation measures

help to control erosion; they include contour plowing,

stripcropping, conservation tillage, and crop rotations

that emphasize sod crops. Where the soil is drained

and where lime and fertilizer are added according to

soil tests, yields are good.

This soil is fairly suited to hayland and pasture. The

seasonal high water table restricts root growth of

some plants, especially legume hay crops. Grazing the

soil when wet causes surface compaction. Restricting

stock in early spring and during other wet periods

helps to protect pasture seedlings and to maintain

good soil structure. Regular fertilizing, liming, and

mowing also help to sustain productive stands.

Potential productivity for red maple on this soil is

moderate. Wetness limits equipment use. Restricting

heavy equipment use to drier periods or when the soil

is frozen in winter helps to minimize rutting and

equipment problems. The seedling mortality rate is

moderate, but can be excessive because of wetness.

Timely planting when the soil is still moist but not wet

and selecting adaptable species help to reduce the

seedling mortality rate. The windthrow hazard is

moderate because the seasonal high water table limits

root development. Minimizing thinning and planting

shallow-rooted species help to reduce windthrow.

The seasonal high water table is the main limitation

to use of this soil as a site for dwellings with

basements. Installing drains by footings helps to

reduce wetness. Adequately sealing foundations helps

to prevent wet basements.

The seasonal high water table and potential for frost

action are limitations to use of this soil as a site for

local roads and streets. Constructing roads on raised

fill material and installing a drainage system help to

compensate for wetness. Providing coarser grained

subgrade or base material to frost depth help to

prevent frost action from damaging pavement.

The seasonal high water table and the slow or

moderately slow permeability are the main limitations

to use of this soil as a site for septic tank absorption

fields. Placing a drainage system around the filter field

helps to reduce wetness. Enlarging the absorption

field and placing a wide, deep trench below the

distribution lines help to compensate for the slow or

moderately slow permeability.

The capability subclass is 3w. The forestland

ordination symbol is 3W.

MbB—Malone loam, 0 to 8 percent slopes,

very stony

This is a very deep, nearly level to gently sloping,

somewhat poorly drained soil in concave areas on

broad ridges and hilltops, on concave benches and

footslopes, and on glacial till plains. Stones and

boulders cover 0.1 to 3 percent of the surface. Areas

of this soil are irregular in shape and range from 6 to

more than 50 acres.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Malone soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 10 inches, very dark grayish brown loam

Subsoil:

10 to 19 inches, very dark grayish brown loam

19 to 25 inches, grayish brown gravelly sandy loam

Substratum:

25 to 72 inches, light brownish gray gravelly sandy

loam

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

very poorly drained Runeberg soils in depressions and

along drainageways. Also included are areas of

moderately well drained Kalurah and Hogansburg soils

on convex knolls and in other high areas, areas of

moderately deep Ogdensburg soils and shallow

Hannawa soils in places where bedrock is close to the

surface, and small areas of rock outcrops near

Hannawa and Ogdensburg soils. Also included are

some small areas of soils that have few or no stones

on the surface. Included areas range to 6 acres and

make up about 20 percent of this unit.

Important properties of the Malone soil—

Permeability: Moderate in the surface layer and

moderately slow or slow in the subsoil and

substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Moderate

Soil reaction: Moderately acid or slightly acid in the

surface layer, slightly acid or neutral in the subsoil,

and neutral to moderately alkaline in the

substratum

Erosion hazard: Slight

Depth to water table: The seasonal high water table

ranges from 0.5 to 1.5 feet below the surface from

October to May

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None
156 Soil Survey

Most areas of this soil are wooded or are used for

unimproved pasture (fig. 9). Some cleared areas are

reverting to brush or woodland.

This soil is poorly suited to cultivated crops

because of numerous surface stones and wetness.

Surface stones severely impede use of tillage,

planting, and harvesting equipment.

This soil is poorly suited to pasture. Surface stones

severely hinder use of equipment needed to improve

and maintain pasture. Proper stocking rates and brush

control are management concerns. Grazing these

soils when wet causes surface compaction.

Overgrazing can diminish quantity and quality of

forage plants and can cause an erosion hazard on

longer, steeper slopes.

Potential productivity for trees on this soil is

moderate. Wet soil conditions and surface stones limit

equipment use. Restricting heavy equipment use to

drier periods or when the soil is frozen in winter helps

to reduce rutting and equipment problems. The

seedling mortality rate can be excessive because of

wetness. Timely planting when the soil is moist but not

wet and selecting adaptable species help to reduce

the seedling mortality rate. The windthrow hazard is

moderate because the seasonal high water table limits

root development. Minimizing thinning and planting

shallow-rooted species help to reduce windthrow.

The seasonal high water table is the main limitation

to use of this soil as a site for dwellings with

basements. Installing drains by footings helps to

reduce wetness. Adequately sealing foundations helps

to prevent wet basements.

The seasonal high water table and potential for frost

action are the main limitations to use of this soil as a

site for local roads and streets. Constructing roads on

raised fill material and installing a drainage system

help to compensate for wetness. Providing coarser

grained subgrade or base material to frost depth helps

to prevent frost action from damaging pavement.

The seasonal high water table and slow or

moderately slow permeability limitat use of this soil as

a site for septic tank absorption fields. Placing a

drainage system around the filter field helps to reduce

wetness. Enlarging the absorption field and placing a

wide, deep trench below the distribution lines help to

compensate for slow or moderately slow permeability.

The capability subclass is 6s. The forestland

ordination symbol is 3W.

MdB—Malone-Adjidaumo complex,

undulating

This map unit consists of gently sloping soils on

margins of till plains and on lake plains where the

underlying glacial till protrudes to the mantle of

lacustrine sediments and is intermittently exposed at

the surface. The somewhat poorly drained Malone soil

formed in loamy glacial till on slight knolls. The poorly

drained or very poorly drained Adjidaumo soil formed

in intervening pockets of clayey, lake or marine

sediments. The topography is undulating and in most

places the landscape is tilted. Slopes are complex

and range from 0 to 8 percent overall, but slopes

on the Adjidaumo soil range from 0 to 2 percent.

Most areas of these soils are irregular in shape

and range from 6 to 20 acres. The unit is about

50 percent Malone soils, 30 percent Adjidaumo

soils, and 20 percent other soils. The Malone and

Adjidaumo soils are intermingled so closely that they

could not be separated at the scale selected for

mapping.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Malone soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 10 inches, very dark grayish brown loam

Subsoil:

10 to 19 inches, dark yellowish brown gravelly fine

sandy loam

19 to 25 inches, grayish brown gravelly sandy loam

Substratum:

25 to 72 inches, light brownish gray gravelly sandy

loam

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Adjidaumo soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 8 inches, very dark gray silty clay

Subsoil:

8 to 18 inches, gray silty clay

18 to 27 inches, gray clay

Substratum:

27 to 72 inches, gray clay

Included with these soils in mapping are numerous

small areas where a thin, clayey lacustrine deposit

overlies a glacial till substratum less than 40 inches

deep. Also included are transitional areas between the

Malone and Adjidaumo soils; small pockets of poorly

drained and very poorly drained Runeberg soils in

depressions within the Malone soil and along

drainageways; and, on more abrupt knolls, areas of

well drained Pyrities soils. Also included are areas of

somewhat poorly drained and poorly drained, coarse

loamy over clayey Swanton soils and sandy over

clayey Stockholm soils at the edges of the Adjidaumo
St. Lawrence County, New York 157

soil where a thin mantle of loamy or sandy material

overlies the clayey lacustrine deposit. Included areas

range to 6 acres and make up about 20 percent of this

unit.

Important properties of the Malone soil—

Permeability: Moderate in the surface layer and

moderately slow or slow in the subsoil and

substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Moderate

Soil reaction: Moderately acid to slightly acid in the

surface layer, slightly acid or neutral in the subsoil,

and neutral to moderately alkaline in the

substratum

Depth to water table: From 0.5 to 1.5 feet below the

surface from October to May

Depth to bedrock: More than 6 feet

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Important properties of the Adjidaumo soil—

Permeability: Moderately slow in the surface layer,

slow in the subsoil, and slow or very slow in the

substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): High

Soil Reaction: Slightly acid or neutral in the surface

layer, neutral or slightly alkaline in the subsoil, and

Figure 9.—An area of Malone loam, 0 to 8 percent slopes, very stony, in the middleground and background. Many areas of this soil

are used as pasture, but surface stones interfere with pasture management. On many pastures, however, stones have been

removed. On this pasture, stones from the foreground were placed along the fence, right background.
158 Soil Survey

slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline in the

substratum

Erosion hazard: Slight

Depth to water table: From the surface to a depth of

0.5 feet from November to June

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Flooding hazard: None

Many areas of these soils are used for pasture or

hay. Some areas are wooded. Some cleared areas are

reverting to brush or woodland.

These soils are poorly suited to cultivated crops. In

some years in spring and fall the water table at the

surface of the Adjidaumo soil and near the surface of

the Malone soil interferes with planting and harvesting

operations. Artificial drainage helps to reduce wetness

and to improve productivity on both soils. Erosion is a

hazard on longer, steeper slopes. Conservation

practices help to control erosion; they include contour

plowing, stripcropping, and conservation tillage. In

some included areas enough stones are on the

surface of the Malone soil to hinder both tillage and

drainage operations and to cause excessive wear of

machinery.

These soils are fairly suited to hayland and

pasture. The seasonal high water table restricts

root growth of some plants, especially on the

Adjidaumo soil. Selecting water-tolerant plants

helps to improve yields. Grazing these soils when

wet causes surface compaction, especially on the

Adjidaumo soil. Restricting stock in spring and

during other wet periods helps to maintain good

soil structure. Pastures on these soils are good in dry

summers, when pastures on other soils are less

productive.

Potential productivity for trees on this soil is

moderate. Wetness limits equipment use. Restricting

heavy equipment use to dry periods or when the soil is

frozen in winter will minimize rutting and related

problems. The seedling mortality rate can be

excessive because of wetness, especially on the

Adjidaumo soil. Timely planting when the soil is moist

but not wet and selecting adaptable varieties help to

reduce the seedling mortality rate. The windthrow

hazard is moderate or severe because the seasonal

high water table restricts root development. Minimizing

thinning and planting shallow-rooted species help to

reduce windthrow.

The seasonal high water table is a severe limitation

to use of these soils as a site for dwellings with

basements. Drainage systems that carry subsurface

water away from cellars, footings, and foundations

help to reduce wetness. Adequately sealing

foundations helps to prevent wet basements. If

possible, building on the Adjidaumo soil should be

avoided.

The seasonal high water table and potential for frost

action are severe limitations to use of these soils as a

site for local roads and streets. On the Adjidaumo soil

low strength is also a limitation. Constructing roads on

raised fill material and installing a drainage system

help to compensate for wetness. Providing coarser

grained subgrade or base material to frost depth helps

to prevent frost action from damaging pavement. On

the Adjidaumo soil providing suitable subgrade or

base material and using special construction methods

for adequate support help to increase the strength and

stability of the soil.

The seasonal high water table and slow

permeability are severe limitations to use of these

soils as a site for septic tank absorption fields. Placing

a drainage system around the filter field helps to

reduce wetness. Enlarging the absorption field and

placing a wide, deep trench below the distribution lines

help to compensate for the slow permeability. An

alternative is to place the absorption field on included

or nearby soils, such as Pyrities soils on gentle slopes,

that have few limitations to this use.

The capability subclass is 3w for the Malone soil

and 4w for the Adjidaumo soil. The forestland

ordination symbol is 3W for the Malone soil and 2W for

the Adjidaumo soil.

MeB—Malone-Adjidaumo complex, 0 to 8

percent slopes, very stony

This map unit consists of nearly level to gently

sloping soils on the margins of till plains and on lake

plains where the underlying glacial till protrudes above

the surface of the lacustrine deposits. The somewhat

poorly drained Malone soil formed on hummocks of

loamy glacial till, and the poorly drained or very poorly

drained Adjidaumo soil formed in lower lying clayey

deposits intervening between hummocks. Stones are

3 to 25 feet apart and boulders cover 0.1 to 3 percent

of the surface. Topography is undulating with complex

slopes ranging from 0 to 8 percent, but slopes on the

Adjidaumo soil range from 0 to 2 percent. Most areas

of these soils are irregular in shape and range from 6

to 20 acres. The unit is about 45 percent Malone soils,

35 percent Adjidaumo soils, and 20 percent other

soils. The Malone and Adjidaumo soils are

intermingled so closely that they could not be

separated at the scale selected for mapping.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Malone soil—
St. Lawrence County, New York 159

Surface layer:

0 to 10 inches, very dark grayish brown loam

Subsoil:

10 to 19 inches, dark yellowish brown gravelly fine

sandy loam

19 to 25 inches, grayish brown gravelly sandy loam

Substratum:

25 to 72 inches, light brownish gray gravelly sandy

loam

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Adjidaumo soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 8 inches, very dark gray silty clay

Subsoil:

8 to 18 inches, gray silty clay

18 to 27 inches, gray clay

Substratum:

27 to 72 inches, gray clay

Included with these soils in mapping are numerous

small areas where thin, clayey lacustrine deposits

overlie a glacial till substratum less than 40 inches

deep. These deposits are in transitional areas between

the Malone and Adjidaumo soils. Also included are

small pockets of poorly drained and very poorly

drained Runeberg soils in depressions within the

Malone soil and along drainageways; areas of

Swanton and Stockholm soils at the edges of the

Adjidaumo soil where a thin mantle of loamy or sandy

material overlies clayey lacustrine deposits; and areas

of well drained, loamy Pyrities soils on small hills and

ridges. Included areas range to 6 acres and make up

about 20 percent of this unit.

Important properties of the Malone soil—

Permeability: Moderate in the surface layer and

moderately slow or slow in the subsoil and

substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Moderate

Soil reaction: Moderately acid or slightly acid in the

surface layer, slightly acid or neutral in the subsoil,

and neutral to moderately alkaline in the

substratum

Erosion hazard: Slight

Depth to water table: From 0.5 to 1.5 feet below the

surface from October to May

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Important properties of the Adjidaumo soil—

Permeability: Moderately slow in the surface layer,

slow in the subsoil, and slow or very slow in the

substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): High

Soil reaction: Slightly acid or neutral in the surface

layer, neutral or slightly alkaline in the subsoil, and

slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline in the

substratum

Erosion hazard: Slight

Depth to water table: From the surface to a depth of

0.5 feet from November to June

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Flooding hazard: None

Most areas of these soils are woodland or

brushland. A few areas are used for unimproved

pasture.

This soil is poorly suited to cultivated crops

because of numerous surface stones and wetness.

This soil is poorly suited to pasture. Surface stones

severely hinder use of equipment needed to improve

and maintain pasture. Managing stocking rates and

controlling brush are needed. Grazing these soils

when wet causes surface compaction. Overgrazing

can diminish quantity and quality of forage plants and

can cause an erosion hazard on longer, steeper

slopes.

Potential productivity for trees on this soil is

moderate. Wetness and in some areas surface stones

limit equipment use. Restricting heavy equipment use

to dry periods or when the soil is frozen in winter helps

to reduce rutting and related problems. The rate of

seedling mortality can be excessive because of

wetness, especially in the Adjidaumo soils. Timely

planting when the soil is moist but not wet and

selecting adaptable varieties help to reduce the

seedling mortality rate. The windthrow hazard is

moderate or severe because the seasonal high water

table limits root development. Minimizing thinning and

planting shallow-rooted varieties help to reduce

windthrow.

The seasonal high water table is a severe limitation

to use of these soils as a site for dwellings with

basements. The limitation is less severe for the Malone

soil than for the Adjidaumo soil. On the Malone soil,

installing drainage systems that carry subsurface

water away from cellars, footings, and foundations

help to reduce wetness and adequately sealing

foundations help to prevent wet basements. In most

areas surface stones have to be removed before
160 Soil Survey

lawns can be established. An alternative is to build on

included well drained soils, such as Pyrities soils, that

are well suited to dwellings with basements.

The seasonal high water table and potential for frost

action are severe limitations to use of these soils as a

site for local roads and streets. On the Adjidaumo soil

low strength is also a limitation. Constructing roads on

raised fill material and installing a drainage system

help to compensate for wetness. Providing coarser

grained subgrade or base material to frost depth helps

to prevent frost action from damaging pavement. On

the Adjidaumo soil providing suitable subgrade or

base material and using special construction methods

for adequate support help to increase the strength and

stability of the soil.

The seasonal high water table and slow

permeability are severe limitations to use of these

soils as a site for septic tank absorption fields. These

limitations are less severe on the Malone soil than on

the Adjidaumo soil. On the Malone soil placing a

drainage system around the filter field helps to reduce

wetness. Enlarging the absorption field and placing a

wide, deep trench below the distribution lines help to

compensate for the slow permeability. An alternative is

to avoid the Adjidaumo soil and to place the

absorption field on included soils, such as Pyrities

soils, that are more favorable to septic tank absorption

fields.

The capability subclass is 6s for the Malone soil

and 4w for the Adjidaumo soil. The forestland

ordination symbol is 3W for the Malone soil and 2W for

the Adjidaumo soil.

MfA—Matoon silty clay loam, 0 to 2

percent slopes

This is a moderately deep, nearly level, somewhat

poorly drained soil mostly in broad basins or plains

where clayey marine sediments are moderately deep

over bedrock. Areas of this soil are irregular in shape.

Most areas are 6 to 50 acres, but the range is 6 to 200

acres. Slopes range from 0 to 2 percent.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Matoon soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 8 inches, very dark grayish brown silty clay loam

Subsoil:

8 to 12 inches, dark gray and gray silty clay loam

12 to 16 inches, gray silty clay

16 to 27 inches, dark grayish brown clay

Bedrock:

27 inches, sandstone bedrock

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

poorly drained Guff soils in low-lying depressions. Also

included are areas of very deep Muskellunge soils

where bedrock is deeper than 60 inches; some areas

of well drained, loamy, shallow Insula and Summerville

soils on gentle to abrupt ridges; and areas of soils less

than 20 inches deep to bedrock. Also included are

areas of rock outcrops and some areas, notably along

the border of Jefferson County, where the soils are

warmer than normal, usually by less than 2 degrees.

Included areas range to 6 acres and make up about

20 percent of this unit.

Important properties of the Matoon soil—

Permeability: Moderately slow in the surface layer and

in the upper part of the subsoil and slow in the

lower part of the subsoil

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Moderate

Soil reaction: Slightly acid or neutral in the surface

layer and neutral or slightly alkaline in the subsoil

Erosion hazard: Slight

Depth to water table: Perched above bedrock, ranging

from 0.5 to 1.5 feet below the surface from

November to May

Depth to bedrock: 20 to 40 inches

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Flooding hazard: None

Most areas of this soil are used as hayland or

pasture. Some areas are used for cultivated crops. A

few areas are wooded. Many cleared areas are

reverting to woodland.

This soil is poorly suited to cultivated crops

because of wetness. The seasonal high water table

delays plowing and planting in spring. Adequate

drainage is needed to grow crops on this soil, but

subsurface drainage systems are not always practical

because of moderate depth to bedrock. Interceptor

drains that divert runoff from higher topographic areas

help to lower the water table and to increase

productivity. In some areas adequate drainage outlets

are difficult to construct because of bedrock and the

flatness of the terrain.

This soil is fairly suited to hayland and pasture. The

seasonal high water table restricts the root growth of

some plants, especially legumes. The soil is suited to

shallow-rooted legumes and grasses. Grazing on this

soil when wet causes surface compaction. Restricting

stock from pasture when the soil is wet helps to

prevent surface compaction.

Potential productivity for red maple on this soil is

moderate. When this soil is wet and soft, it severely

limits equipment use. Restricting heavy equipment use
St. Lawrence County, New York 161

to dry periods in summer or when the soil is frozen in

winter helps to prevent rutting and related problems.

The windthrow hazard is moderate because of

moderate depth to bedrock and because the seasonal

high water table limits root development. Minimizing

thinning and planting shallow-rooted species help to

reduce windthrow.

This soil is not suitable as a site for dwellings with

basements because of depth to bedrock and the

seasonal high water table. Included areas of deeper

Muskellunge soils are better suited to this use.

Low strength, the seasonal high water table, and

potential for frost action are the main limitations to use

of this soil as a site for local roads and streets.

Providing suitable subgrade or base material and

using special construction methods for adequate

support help to increase the strength and stability of

this soil. Constructing roads on raised fill material and

installing a drainage system help to compensate for

wetness. Providing coarser grained subgrade or base

material to frost depth helps to prevent frost action

from damaging pavement.

This soil is unsuitable for septic tank absorption

fields because of depth to bedrock, the seasonal high

water table, and slow permeability. Included areas of

deeper Muskellunge soils are more suitable for this

use.

The capability subclass is 3w. The forestland

ordination symbol is 3W.

MfB—Matoon silty clay loam, 2 to 6

percent slopes

This is a moderately deep, gently sloping,

somewhat poorly drained soil mostly in broad basins

or on plains where clayey marine sediments are

moderately deep over bedrock. Areas of this soil are

irregular in shape. Most areas are 6 to 50 acres, but

the range is 6 to 200 acres. Slopes range from 2 to 6

percent.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Matoon soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 8 inches, very dark grayish brown silty clay loam

Subsoil:

8 to 12 inches, dark gray and gray silty clay loam

12 to 16 inches, gray silty clay

16 to 27 inches, dark grayish brown clay

Bedrock:

27 inches, sandstone bedrock

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

poorly drained and very poorly drained Guff soils in

low-lying depressions. Also included are some

moderately steep areas; nearby small areas of very

deep, moderately well drained Heuvelton soils; and,

where bedrock is deeper than 60 inches, small areas

of very deep Muskellunge soils. Also included are well

drained, loamy, shallow Insula and Summerville soils

on gentle to abrupt ridges; areas of rock outcrops; and

some places, notably along the border of Jefferson

County, where the soils are warmer than normal,

usually by less than 2 degrees. Included areas range

to 6 acres and make up about 20 percent of this unit.

Important properties of the Matoon soil—

Permeability: Moderately slow in the surface layer and

the upper part of the subsoil and slow in the lower

part of the subsoil

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Moderate

Soil reaction: Slightly acid or neutral in the surface

layer and neutral or slightly alkaline in the subsoil

Erosion hazard: Slight

Depth to water table: Perched above bedrock, ranging

from 0.5 to 1.5 feet below the surface in November

to May

Depth to bedrock: 20 to 40 inches

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Flooding hazard: None

Most areas of this soil are used as hayland or

pasture. Some areas are used for cultivated crops. A

few areas are wooded. Many cleared areas are

reverting to woodland.

This soil is poorly suited to cultivated crops

because of wetness. The seasonal high water table

delays plowing and planting in spring. Adequate

drainage is needed to grow crops on this soil but

subsurface drainage systems are not always practical

because of moderate depth to bedrock. Interceptor

drains that divert runoff from higher topographic areas

help to lower the water table and to increase

productivity. Erosion is a hazard on longer, steeper

slopes. Conservation practices that help to control

erosion include conservation tillage, contour plowing,

and crop rotations that stress sod crops.

This soil is fairly suited to hayland and pasture. The

seasonal high water table restricts root growth of

some plants, especially legumes. The soil is suited to

shallow-rooted legumes and grasses. Grazing on this

soil when wet causes surface compaction. Restricting

stock when the soil is wet helps to prevent surface

compaction.

Potential productivity for red maple on this soil is

moderate. When this soil is wet and soft, it severely
162 Soil Survey

limits equipment operation. Restricting heavy

equipment use to dry periods in summer or when the

soil is frozen in winter helps to prevent rutting and

related soil problems. The windthrow hazard is

moderate because of moderate depth to bedrock. The

seasonal high water table limits root development.

Minimizing thinning and planting shallow-rooted

species help to reduce windthrow.

This soil is not suitable for dwellings with

basements because of depth to bedrock and the

seasonal high water table. Included areas of very deep

Heuvelton soils are better suited to this use.

Low strength, the seasonal high water table, and

potential for frost action are limitations to use of this

soil as a site for local roads and streets. Providing

suitable subgrade or base material and using special

construction methods for adequate support help to

increase the strength and stability of this soil.

Constructing on raised fill material and installing a

drainage system help to compensate for wetness.

Providing coarser grained subgrade or base material

to frost depth helps to prevent frost action from

damaging pavement.

This soil is unsuitable to use as a site for septic tank

absorption fields because of depth to bedrock, the

seasonal high water table, and slow permeability.

Included areas of deeper Heuvelton soils are more

suitable to this use.

The capability subclass is 3w. The forestland

ordination symbol is 3W.

Mh—Mino fine sandy loam

This is a very deep, nearly level, somewhat poorly

drained soil on moderately low topography on level or

very gently undulating lake or marine plain

landscapes. Areas of this soil are irregular in shape.

Most areas of this soil are 6 to 50 acres, but the range

is 6 to more than 100 acres. Slopes range from 0 to 3

percent.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Mino soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 10 inches, dark gray fine sandy loam

Subsurface layer:

10 to 12 inches, gray fine sandy loam

Subsoil:

12 to 16 inches, dark grayish brown fine sandy loam

16 to 24 inches, brown fine sandy loam

24 to 32 inches, grayish brown very fine sandy loam

Substratum:

32 to 72 inches, yellowish brown fine sandy loam

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

moderately well drained Eelweir soils on convex knolls

and in other, higher areas of the map unit. Also

included are areas of very poorly drained Munuscong

soils in depressions and along streams, areas of

loamy over clayey Swanton soils where a clayey

substratum is 20 to 40 inches deep, and areas of

sandy Croghan and Deford soils in small inclusions of

sand deposits. Also included are small areas of finer

textured Roundabout soils where very fine sand and

silt predominate and, on small hills or knolls, small

areas of Hogansburg, Kalurah, and Malone soils,

which have more rock fragments than those of the

Mino soils. Included areas range to 6 acres and make

up about 20 percent of the unit.

Important properties of the Mino soil—

Permeability: Moderate throughout

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): High

Soil reaction: Strongly acid to slightly acid in the

surface layer, moderately acid to neutral in the

subsoil, and slightly acid to moderately alkaline in

the substratum

Erosion hazard: Slight

Depth to water table: From a depth of 0.5 to 1.5 feet

from November to May

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Many areas of this soil are wooded. Some areas

are used as hayland or pasture. Some cleared areas

are idle and reverting to brush. A few areas are used

for cultivated crops.

This soil is poorly suited to cultivated crops

because of wetness. The seasonal high water table

delays planting and interferes with harvesting

operations. A system of subsurface and surface

drainage helps to reduce wetness. Installing adequate

drainage and applying lime and fertilizer according to

soil tests help to produce very good yields for most

crops grown in the area.

This soil is fairly well suited to hay and pasture. The

seasonal high water table restricts the rooting depth of

some plants, especially legumes. Draining the soil with

open ditches or tile will lower the water table and

improve productivity. Excluding cattle from open

ditches will prevent sloughing. Grazing these soils

when wet causes surface compaction and loss of soil

tilth. Restricting animals from these soils when wet will

prevent these problems. When adequate lime and
St. Lawrence County, New York 163

fertilizer are added to this soil, it is well suited to

shallow-rooted legumes and most other hay and

pasture plants.

Potential productivity for white pine on this soil is

moderate or high. In some years wetness hinders

heavy equipment use in spring and during other wet

periods. Logging during drier periods or in winter when

the ground is frozen helps to overcome this limitation.

The seedling mortality rate can be excessive because

of wetness. Timely planting when the soil is moist but

not wet and selecting adaptable species will minimize

the seedling mortality rate. The windthrow hazard is

moderate because the seasonal high water table limits

root development. Minimizing thinning and planting

shallow-rooted species help to reduce windthrow.

The seasonal high water table is the main limitation

to use of this soil as a site for dwellings with

basements. Placing drains by footings helps to lower

the water table. Adequately sealing foundations helps

to prevent wet basements.

The seasonal high water table and potential for frost

action are the main limitations to use of this soil as a

site for local roads and streets. Constructing roads on

raised fill material and installing a drainage system

help to overcome this limitation. Providing coarser

grained subgrade or base material to frost depth helps

to prevent frost action from damaging pavement.

The seasonal high water table is the main limitation

to use of this soil as a site for septic tank absorption

fields. Installing a drainage system around the filter

field and installing diversion ditches to intercept runoff

from higher areas help to lower the water table.

The capability subclass is 3w. The forestland

ordination symbol is 3W.

Mn—Munuscong mucky fine sandy loam

This map unit consists of very deep, nearly level,

very poorly drained soils formed in a loamy mantle

over clayey sediments in low positions on parts of lake

or marine plains and on uplands. Most areas are

irregular in shape. Areas are 6 to 20 acres, but the

range is 6 to more than 50 acres. Slopes are smooth

and range from 0 to 2 percent.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Manuscong soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 8 inches, black mucky fine sandy loam

Subsoil:

8 to 22 inches, light gray fine sandy loam

22 to 26 inches, grayish brown fine sandy loam

Substratum:

26 to 38 inches, grayish brown silty clay

38 to 48 inches, gray silty clay loam

48 to 98 inches, dark gray silty clay

Included with this unit in mapping are small areas of

somewhat poorly drained and poorly drained Swanton

soils on low hummocks. Also included are areas of

moderately well drained Elmwood soils on convex

knolls and in other high areas of the map unit; small

areas of somewhat poorly drained Mino soils that do

not have a clayey substratum and that are on slight

benches; and small areas of well drained, loamy

Pyrities soils on knolls and small hills. Also included

are some small areas of somewhat poorly drained

Naumburg and Searsport soils, both of which have a

higher sand content than the Manuscong soil. Also

included are small areas of Adjidaumo soils that have

higher clay content in the surface layer and in the

subsoil than the Manuscong soil. Included soils range

to 6 acres and make up about 20 percent of this unit.

Important properties of the Manuscong soil—

Permeability: Moderately rapid in the surface layer and

subsoil and slow in the substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): High

Soil reaction: Slightly acid to slightly alkaline in the

surface layer and the subsoil and slightly alkaline

or moderately alkaline in the substratum

Erosion hazard: Slight

Depth to water table: From ponded 1 foot above the

surface to a depth of 1 foot in November to May

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: Low in the surface layer and the

subsoil and moderate in the substratum

Flooding hazard: None

Most areas of this soil are wooded. Some cleared

areas are idle and are reverting to brush. A few areas

are pasture.

This soil is very poorly suited to cultivated crops

because of extreme wetness. The seasonal high water

table delays planting in spring and interferes with

harvesting in fall.

This soil is poorly suited to hay and pasture. The

main limitation is the seasonal high water table, which

restricts rooting depth of most grasses. Restricting

livestock from this soil when wet prevents compaction

of the subsoil, loss of tilth in the surface layer, and

damage to seedlings. Applying lime and fertilizer

based on soil tests, restricting grazing during wet

periods, and yearly mowing help to increase quality

and quantity of feed and forage.

Potential productivity for quaking aspen on this soil
164 Soil Survey

is low. Wetness depresses growth rates, limits the

number of adaptable species, and hinders heavy

equipment use in spring and during other wet periods.

Logging during drier periods or in winter when the

ground is frozen helps to overcome this limitation. The

seedling mortality rate can be excessive because of

wetness. Timely planting when the soil is moist but not

wet and selecting adaptable species help to reduce

the seedling mortality rate. Windthrow is a moderate

hazard because the seasonal high water table limits

root development. Minimizing thinning and planting

shallow-rooted species help to reduce windthrow.

Plant competition is a problem on tree plantations.

Mechanical or chemical site preparation helps to

reduce plant competition.

Ponding and the seasonal high water table are

severe limitations to use of this soil as a site for

dwellings with basements. Dwellings could be built on

included, better drained soils, such as Pyrities soils,

that are better suited to this use.

The seasonal high water table, potential for frost

action, and low strength are the main limitations to use

of this soil as a site for local roads and streets.

Constructing roads on raised fill material and installing

adequate culverts and roadside drainage ditches help

to reduce wetness. Providing coarser grained

subgrade or base material to frost depth helps to

prevent frost action from damaging pavement.

Providing suitable base and subgrade material help to

increase the strength and stability of this soil.

This soil is poorly suited to septic tank absorption

fields because of the seasonal high water table and

very slow or slow permeability. Where practicable, the

septic system could be placed on included soils, such

as Pyrities soils, that are more favorable to this use.

The capability subclass is 5w. The forestland

ordination symbol is 3W.

MsA—Muskellunge silty clay loam, 0 to 2

percent slopes

This is a very deep, nearly level, somewhat poorly

drained soil on broad flats and valley floors. Areas of

this soil are irregular in shape and range from 6 to 100

acres.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Muskellunge soil—

Surface:

0 to 12 inches, very dark grayish brown silty clay loam

Subsoil:

12 to 17 inches, dark grayish brown clay

17 to 25 inches, brown clay

25 to 37 inches, dark yellowish brown silty clay

Substratum:

37 to 72 inches, brown silty clay

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

poorly drained and very poorly drained Adjidaumo

soils; well drained, shallow Insula and Summerville

soils; moderately deep Matoon soils; moderately well

drained Heuvelton soils; and somewhat poorly drained

and poorly drained Swanton soils. Adjidaumo soils are

in depressions or along drainageways. Insula and

Summerville soils are on knolls where bedrock is

close to the surface. Heuvelton soils are on small hills

and on narrow terraces next to the sides of valleys.

Matoon soils are in places where flat-bedded bedrock

is 20 to 40 inches below the surface. Most areas of

loamy over clayey Swanton soils are in very shallow

depressions. Also included are areas of sandy Deford

soils adjacent to outwash plains and some places,

notably along the border of Jefferson County, where

the soils are warmer than normal, usually by less than

2 degrees. Included areas range to 6 acres and make

up about 25 percent of this unit.

Important properties of the Muskellunge soil—

Permeability: Moderately slow in the surface layer and

slow in the subsoil and substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): High

Soil reaction: Strongly acid to neutral in the surface

layer, strongly acid to slightly alkaline in the

subsoil, and neutral to moderately alkaline in the

substratum

Erosion hazard: Slight

Depth to water table: From 0.5 to 1.5 feet below the

surface from January to May

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Flooding hazard: None

Most areas of this soil are hayland or pasture. Many

areas are used for cultivated crops. A few areas are

woodland.

This soil is poorly suited to cultivated crops

because of wetness. Seasonal wetness delays

planting in spring and hinders harvesting in fall. A

combination of surface and subsurface drainage

works best on this soil, but in some areas suitable

outlets are difficult to find. Tilling the soil when wet

causes crusting and clodding of the surface layer.

Minimizing tillage, using cover crops, incorporating

crop residues into the soil, plowing at the proper

moisture content, and using crop rotations help to

sustain or improve organic matter content and to
St. Lawrence County, New York 165

maintain good soil tilth. If the soil is properly drained

and lime and fertilizer are added according to soil

tests, this soil can be productive for many crops grown

in the area.

This soil is fairly suited to pasture and hay. Drainage

helps to improve yields. In undrained areas, watertolerant forage plants are suitable. Grazing when the

soil is wet causes surface compaction, destroys soil

tilth, and damages pasture seedlings. Adding lime and

fertilizer according to soil tests and yearly mowing help

to increase the productivity of this soil.

Potential productivity for sugar maple on this soil is

moderate or high. Wetness is a moderate limitation to

equipment use; it impedes machine planting and

harvesting operations. Logging is feasible in summer

when the soil is dry or in winter when the ground is

frozen.

The seasonal high water table is the main limitation

to use of this soil as a site for dwellings with

basements. Installing drains by footings helps to lower

the water table. Adequately sealing foundations helps

to prevent wet basements.

The seasonal high water table, potential for frost

action, and low strength are the main limitations to use

of this soil as a site for local roads and streets.

Constructing roads on raised fill material and installing

roadside ditches and culverts where needed help to

reduce wetness. Providing coarser grained, suitable

subgrade or base material to frost depth helps to

prevent frost action and low strength from damaging

pavement.

The seasonal high water table and slow

permeability are the main limitations to use of this soil

as a site for septic tank absorption fields. Installing a

drainage system around the filter field helps to lower

the water table. Special designs, such as enlarging the

absorption field or placing a wide, deep trench below

the distribution lines, help to compensate for the slow

permeability.

The capability subclass is 3w. The forestland

ordination symbol is 3W.

MsB—Muskellunge silty clay loam, 2 to 6

percent slopes

This is a very deep, gently sloping, somewhat

poorly drained soil on broad flats and valley floors.

Areas of this soil are irregular in shape and range from

6 to 100 acres.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Muskellunge soil—

Surface:

0 to 12 inches, very dark grayish brown silty clay loam

Subsoil:

12 to 17 inches, dark grayish brown clay

17 to 25 inches, brown clay

25 to 37 inches, dark yellowish brown silty clay

Substratum:

37 to 72 inches, brown silty clay

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

poorly drained and very poorly drained Adjidaumo

soils; shallow, well drained Insula and Summerville

soils; moderately deep Matoon soils; moderately well

drained Heuvelton soils; and somewhat poorly drained

and poorly drained Swanton soils. Adjidaumo soils are

in depressions or along drainageways. Insula and

Summerville soils are on knolls where bedrock is

close to the soil surface. Heuvelton soils are on small

hills and on narrow terraces next to valleys sides.

Matoon soils are in places where flat-bedded bedrock

is 20 to 40 inches below the surface. Loamy over

clayey Swanton soils are commonly in very shallow

depressions. Also included are some places, notably

along the border of Jefferson County, where the soil is

warmer than normal, usually by less than 2 degrees.

Included soils make up about 25 percent of this map

unit.

Important properties of the Muskellunge soil—

Permeability: Moderately slow in the surface layer and

slow in the subsoil and substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): High

Soil reaction: Strongly acid to neutral in the surface

layer, strongly acid to slightly alkaline in the

subsoil, and neutral to moderately alkaline in the

substratum

Erosion hazard: Moderate

Depth to water table: From 0.5 to 1.5 feet below the

surface from January to May

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Flooding hazard: None

Most areas of this soil are hayland or pasture. Many

areas are in cultivated crops, and a few areas are

woodland.

This soil is poorly suited to cultivated crops

because seasonal wetness delays planting in spring

and hinders harvesting in fall. A combination of surface

and subsurface drainage works well in draining this

soil. Tilling the soil when wet causes crusting and

clodding of the surface layer. Erosion is a hazard on

longer, steeper slopes. Conservation tillage, contour

plowing, stripcropping, and crop rotations that

emphasize sod crops help to control erosion and to
166 Soil Survey

maintain soil tilth. If the soil is properly drained and

lime and fertilizer are added according to soil tests,

this soil can be productive for many crops grown in the

area.

This soil is fairly suited to pasture and hay. Drainage

helps to improve yields. In undrained areas forage

plants tolerant of seasonal wetness are suited.

Grazing when the soil is wet causes surface

compaction, destroys tilth, and damages pasture

seedlings. Overgrazing can deplete vegetation and

can increase erosion. Proper stocking rates help to

sustain pasture seedlings for optimum productivity and

to control erosion. Adding lime and fertilizer according

to soil tests and yearly mowing help to increase

productivity on this soil.

Potential productivity for sugar maple on this soil is

moderate or high. Wetness causes a moderate

equipment limitation; it interferes with machine planting

of seedlings and harvesting operations. Logging is

feasible in summer when the soil is dry or in winter

when the ground is frozen.

The seasonal high water table is the main limitation

to use of this soil as a site for dwellings with

basements. Installing drains by footings help to lower

the water. Adequately sealing foundations helps to

prevent wet basements.

The seasonal high water table, potential for frost

action, and low strength are the main limitations to use

of this soil as a site for local roads and streets.

Constructing roads on raised fill material and installing

roadside ditches and culverts where needed help to

reduce wetness. Providing coarser grained subgrade

or base material to frost depth helps to prevent frost

action and low strength from damaging pavement.

The seasonal high water table and slow

permeability are the main limitations to use of this soil

as a site for septic tank absorption fields. Installing a

drainage system around the filter field helps to lower

the water table. Enlarging the absorption field and

placing a wide, deep trench below the distribution lines

help to compensate for the slow permeability.

The capability subclass is 3w. The forestland

ordination symbol is 3W.

MuB—Muskellunge silty clay loam, 0 to 6

percent slopes, rocky

This is a very deep, gently sloping, somewhat

poorly drained soil on tops or upper side slopes of

broad ridges or in broad, flat areas. Rock outcrops, in

many places adjacent to included soils, cover from 0.1

to 2 percent of the total surface area of this unit.

Slopes range from 0 to 6 percent. Areas are irregularly

shaped and range from 6 to 60 acres.

Typical sequence depth, and composition of the

layers of the Muskellunge soil—

Surface:

0 to 12 inches, very dark grayish brown silty clay loam

Subsoil:

12 to 17 inches, dark grayish brown clay

17 to 25 inches, brown clay

25 to 37 inches, dark yellowish brown silty clay

Substratum:

37 to 72 inches, brown silty clay

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

poorly drained and very poorly drained Adjidaumo

soils. Also included, along drainageways or in slight

depressions, are somewhat poorly drained and poorly

drained Swanton soils, which are coarser textured in

the subsoil than the Muskellunge soil. Also included,

typically surrounding areas of rock outcrops, are areas

of shallow Summerville and Insula soils and somewhat

poorly drained, moderately deep Matoon soils; some

areas of Heuvelton soils on small knolls and on small

terraces along the sides of valleys or skirting areas of

rock outcrops; and some places, notably along the

border of Jefferson County, where the soils are

warmer than normal, usually by less than 2 degrees.

Included areas range to 6 acres. Summerville, Insula,

and Matoon soils make up about 15 percent of this

unit and other inclusions, about 20 percent.

Important properties of the Muskellunge soil—

Permeability: Moderately slow in the surface layer and

slow in the subsoil and substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): High

Soil reaction: Strongly acid to neutral in the surface

layer, strongly acid to slightly alkaline in the

subsoil, and neutral to moderately alkaline in the

substratum

Erosion hazard: Moderate

Depth to water table: From 0.5 to 1.5 feet below the

surface from January to May

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Flooding hazard: None

Most areas of this soil are hayland or pasture. A few

areas are cultivated or wooded.

This soil is poorly suited to cultivated crops

because of rock outcrops, the seasonal high water

table, and the hazard of erosion. Scattered rock

outcrops distort traffic patterns in fields; consequently,

cultivation with modern equipment is difficult. The

seasonal high water table can delay planting of crops
St. Lawrence County, New York 167

and interfere with harvesting. Finding or constructing

adequate outlets is needed to drain this soil. Rock

outcrops and included areas of shallow or moderately

deep soils can interfere with drainage installations; it is

important to examine an adequate number of test pits

before construction. Erosion is a hazard on longer,

steeper slopes. Conservation practices, such as

conservation tillage, stripcropping, crop rotations that

include sod crops, cover crops, and contour plowing

help to control erosion. Plowing and cultivating when

the soil is moist but not wet help to maintain good tilth.

This soil is fairly suited to pasture. Yields are better

when the soil is at least partially drained. In undrained

areas forage plants that can withstand seasonal

wetness are suited. Scattered rock outcrops disrupt

traffic patterns; many fields resemble networks of

small cul-de-sacs. Included moderately deep or

shallow soils can impede construction of drainage

systems. Grazing when the soil is wet causes surface

compaction and trampling of pasture seedlings.

Overgrazing can deplete vegetation and can increase

erosion on steeper slopes. Proper stocking rates help

to sustain pasture seedlings for optimum productivity

and to control erosion. Adding lime and fertilizer

according to soil tests and yearly mowing help to

increase productivity on these soils.

Potential productivity for sugar maple on this soil is

moderate or high. Wetness causes a moderate

equipment limitation; it interferes with machine planting

of seedlings and with harvesting operations. Logging is

feasible in summer when the soil is dry or in winter

when the ground is frozen.

The seasonal high water table and rock outcrops

are the main limitation to use of this soil as a site for

dwellings with basements. Installing drains by footings

helps to lower the water table. Adequately sealing

foundations helps to prevent wet basements. Rock

outcrops and included areas of shallow and

moderately deep soils are not feasible as sites for

dwellings with basements; digging test pits before

excavating basements helps to avoid these soils.

The seasonal high water table, potential for frost

action, low strength, and rock outcrops are the main

limitations to use of this soil as a site for local roads

and streets. Constructing roads on raised fill material

and installing roadside ditches and culverts where

needed help to reduce wetness. Providing coarser

grained subgrade or base material to frost depth helps

to prevent frost action and low strength from damaging

pavement. On scattered rock outcrops and included

moderately deep and shallow soils, blasting is needed.

An alternative is to change the alignment or grade of

roads to avoid these limitations.

The seasonal high water table, slow permeability,

and rock outcrops are the main limitations to use of

this soil as a site for septic tank absorption fields.

Installing a drainage system around the filter field

helps to lower the water table. Special designs, such

as enlarging the absorption field or placing a wide,

deep trench below the distribution lines, help to

increase performance. Rock outcrops or the included

moderately deep and shallow soils should be avoided

as sites for septic systems.

The capability subclass is 5s. The forestland

ordination symbol is 3W.

MwB—Muskellunge-Adjidaumo complex,

undulating

This map unit consists of nearly level and gently

sloping soils on valley floors in small basins and on

broad flats. The gently sloping, very deep, somewhat

poorly drained Muskellunge soil is on slight knolls. The

nearly level, very deep, poorly drained and very poorly

drained Adjidaumo soils are in small depressions.

Slopes are short and complex and range from 0 to 2

percent. Areas of the unit range from 6 to more than

100 acres. The unit is about 45 percent Muskellunge

soil, 40 percent Adjidaumo soil, and 15 percent other

soils.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Muskellunge soil—

Surface:

0 to 12 inches, very dark grayish brown silty clay loam

Subsoil:

12 to 17 inches, dark grayish brown clay

17 to 25 inches, brown clay

25 to 37 inches, dark yellowish brown silty clay

Substratum:

37 to 72 inches, brown silty clay

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Adjidaumo soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 8 inches, very dark gray silty clay

Subsoil:

8 to 18 inches, gray silty clay

18 to 27 inches, gray clay

Substratum:

27 to 72 inches, gray clay

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

rock outcrops and shallow Summerville and Insula

soils on knolls. Also included are areas of coarser

textured Hailesboro and Swanton soils and moderately
168 Soil Survey

well drained Heuvelton soils. Hailesboro soils are on

small hills. Swanton soils are in slightly higher

topographic positions than the Adjidaumo soil.

Heuvelton soils are in convex areas commonly near

edges of the map unit. Included areas range to 6 acres

and make up about 15 percent of this unit.

Important properties of the Muskellunge soil—

Permeability: Moderately slow in the surface layer and

slow in the subsoil and substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): High

Soil reaction: Strongly acid to neutral in the surface

layer, strongly acid to slightly alkaline in the

subsoil, and neutral to moderately alkaline in the

substratum

Erosion hazard: Slight

Depth to water table: From 0.5 to 1.5 feet below the

surface from January to May

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Flooding hazard: None

Important properties of the Adjidaumo soil—

Permeability: Moderately slow in the surface layer,

slow in the subsoil, and slow or very slow in the

subsoil

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): High

Soil reaction: Slightly acid or neutral in the surface

layer, neutral or slightly alkaline in the subsoil, and

slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline in the

substratum

Erosion hazard: Slight

Depth to water table: From the surface to a depth of

0.5 feet from November to June

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Flooding hazard: None

In most areas, this soil is in pasture. In some areas

it is used as woodland.

Unless drained, these soils are poorly suited to

cultivated crops. Potholes on this unit impede surface

drainage, and natural outlets for drainage are difficult

to find. Successful drainage requires a combination of

open ditches, subsurface tile lines, and land leveling.

These soils are poorly suited to hay and pasture.

Wetness and uneven topography are the main

problems. Wetness restricts the choice of plant

species. Uneven topography impedes harvesting and

limits the possibility of surface drainage. Grazing when

the soil is too wet causes surface compaction. Proper

stocking rates and deferred grazing when the soil

is wet help to increase production of feed and

forage.

Potential productivity for trees on these soils is low

or moderate. The seasonal high water table restricts

use of equipment to summer, when the soil is dry, or to

winter, when the soil is frozen. The water table limits

root development and windthrow is a moderate

hazard. Minimizing thinning and planting shallowrooted species help to reduce windthrow. On the

Adjidaumo soil the rate of seedling mortality is severe

because of wetness. Timely planting when the soil is

moist but not wet and selecting adaptable varieties

help to reduce the seedling mortality rate.

These soils are poorly suited to dwellings with

basements. The seasonal high water table is the main

limitation. The Adjidaumo soil is in low-lying areas, and

installing footing drains and sealing basement walls

may not be adequate in keeping basements dry on

this soil. Dwellings could be built on included or

nearby, drier soils that are better suited to this use.

The seasonal high water table, low strength, and

potential for frost action are limitations to use of these

soils as a site for local roads and streets. Providing

coarse subgrade to below frost depth helps to prevent

frost action and low strength from damaging

pavement. Digging roadside ditches, installing culverts

where needed, and constructing on raised fill material

help to lower the water table.

These soils are not suitable to use as a site for

septic tank absorption fields. The seasonal high water

table and slow permeability are limitations that are

difficult to overcome without resorting to expensive,

alternative waste disposal systems that may not meet

local health regulations. An alternative is place septic

systems on nearby or included, drier soils.

The capability subclass is 3w for the Muskellunge

soil and 4w for the Adjidaumo soil. The forestland

ordination symbol is 3W for the Muskellunge soil and

2W for the Adjidaumo soil.

Na—Naumburg loamy fine sand

This is a very deep, nearly level, poorly drained soil

on low sand plains. Most areas are broad and irregular

in shape. Areas range from 6 to more than 200 acres.

Typically, slopes are smooth and range from 0 to 2

percent.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Naumburg soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 5 inches, black, moderately decomposed organic

material
St. Lawrence County, New York 169

Subsurface layer:

5 to 17 inches, pinkish gray loamy fine sand

17 to 19 inches, reddish gray fine sand

Subsoil:

19 to 21 inches, dark reddish brown loamy fine sand

21 to 31 inches, brown sand

31 to 41 inches, yellowish brown sand

Substratum:

41 to 72 inches, light brownish gray sand

Included with these soils in depressions and swales

are small areas of very poorly drained Dorval and

Searsport soils. Also included are somewhat

excessively drained and excessively drained Adams

soils and moderately well drained Croghan soils on

small hills and ridges; small areas of loamy Malone

soils and loamy, moderately well drained Kalurah soils

on hummocks and slight knolls; small areas of

Stockholm soils, which have a clayey substratum; and

small areas of Coveytown soils, which have a loamy

substratum. Also included, notably along the border of

Jefferson County, are areas where the soils are

warmer than normal, usually by less than 2 degrees.

Included soils range to 6 acres and make up 30

percent of this unit.

Important properties of the Naumburg soil—

Permeability: Moderately rapid in the surface and

subsurface layers and rapid in the subsoil and

substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Low or moderate

Soil reaction: Extremely acid to strongly acid in the

surface layer and the subsoil and very strongly

acid to slightly acid in the substratum

Erosion hazard: Low

Depth to water table: From 0.5 to 1.5 feet from

December to May

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Most areas of this soil are used as woodland. Some

areas are used as pasture. A few areas are cultivated.

This soil is poorly suited to cultivated crops.

Wetness and low natural fertility are the main

limitations. Installing subsurface drainage and, in most

areas, open ditches help to reduce wetness. In places

natural drainage outlets are not available. Adding lime

and fertilizer according to soil tests in several small

doses helps to decrease leaching of nutrients on this

rapidly permeable soil and to increase fertility.

This soil is poorly suited to pasture and hayland.

Installing artificial drainage and top dressing with

manure and fertilizer increase productivity and help to

support shallow-rooted legumes. Grazing in spring

when the surface is wet causes surface compaction

and loss of pasture seeding. Fencing drainage ditches

to exclude animals helps to prevent the ditches from

sloughing and filling in.

Potential productivity for sugar maple on this soil is

low. The seasonal high water table limits use of heavy

equipment in spring and during other wet periods.

Logging when the soil is dry or in winter when it is

frozen reduces the problems from heavy equipment

use. The seedling mortality rate is severe because of

wetness. Timely planting when the soil is moist, but not

wet, and selecting adaptable varieties help to reduce

the seedling mortality rate. The water table limits root

development and windthrow is a moderate hazard.

Minimizing thinning and planting shallow-rooted

species help to reduce windthrow.

The seasonal high water table is a severe limitation

to use of this soil as a site for dwellings. Drainage

systems that carry subsurface water away from

cellars, footers, and slab foundations help to

lower the water table. Adequately sealing foundations

helps to prevent wet basements. An alternative is

to build dwellings on any available, adjacent, drier

soils.

The seasonal high water table is a severe limitation

to use of this soil as a site for local roads and streets.

Constructing roads on raised fill material and installing

roadside ditches and culverts where needed help to

reduce wetness.

This soil is poorly suited to septic tank absorption

fields. The combination of the seasonal high water

table and rapid permeability causes a hazard of

ground-water contamination or deposition of effluent

on the surface. In most areas a septic system with a

special design is needed to use this soil as a filter

field. An alternative is to place the septic system on

nearby or included soils, such as Kalurah soils, that

are better suited to septic tank absorption fields.

The capability subclass is 4w. The forestland

ordination symbol is 2W.

NhA—Nehasne sandy loam, 0 to 3 percent

slopes

This is a moderately deep, nearly level, well drained

soil on bedrock-controlled glacial till plains. These soils

generally occupy the highest areas of the local

landscape, such as tops and shoulders of slight hills,

and do not receive runoff from adjacent areas. Most

areas are long and narrow and range from 6 to 30

acres.
170 Soil Survey

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Nehasne soil—

Surface layer: 0 to 7 inches, very dark grayish brown

sandy loam

Subsoil:

7 to 18 inches, dark yellowish brown gravelly fine

sandy loam

18 to 23 inches, brown gravelly fine sandy loam

23 to 25 inches, dark brown gravelly fine sandy loam

Bedrock:

25 inches, marble bedrock, tilted and folded

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

very deep Grenville soils, shallow Summerville and

Hannawa soils, and somewhat poorly drained Matoon

and Ogdensburg soils. Grenville soils are on tops or

side slopes of small hills. Hannawa soils, clayey

Matoon soils, and Ogdensburg soils are on small

benches or in seep areas. Summerville soils are on

shoulders or tops of more pronounced ridges and hills.

Also included are small areas of rock outcrops.

Matoon, Ogdensburg, and Summerville soils and

areas of rock outcrops make up about 15 percent of

this unit, and other included areas make up about 10

percent.

Important properties of the Nehasne soil—

Permeability: Moderate or moderately rapid throughout

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Low or moderate

Soil reaction: Moderately acid or slightly acid in the

surface layer, slightly acid or neutral in the subsoil,

and neutral or slightly alkaline in the substratum

Erosion hazard: Slight

Depth to water table: More than 6 feet

Depth to bedrock: From 20 to 40 inches

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Most areas of this soil are used as hayland or

pasture. Some areas are cultivated, and a few areas

are wooded.

This soil is well suited to cultivated crops. Moderate

depth to bedrock limits water available to plants in dry

summers. Erosion is a hazard on longer, steeper

slopes. Conservation practices help to conserve soil

moisture and to maintain or restore tilth; they include

conservation tillage, crop rotations that emphasize sod

crops, stripcropping, contour plowing, and use of

cover crops. Adding of lime and fertilizer according to

soil tests helps to improve crop yields. In some areas

periodic stone removal is needed to prevent excessive

wear on tillage equipment.

This soil is well suited to pasture. Moderate depth to

bedrock limits plant species to those with shorter

roots. It also limits available water in the soil and

causes droughtiness. Overgrazing, especially when

moisture available to plants is limited, can damage

pasture seedlings. Maintaining proper stocking rates,

rotating pastures, deferring grazing when the soil is

saturated, applying lime and fertilizer, and yearly

mowing help to sustain pasture seedlings and to

improve quality and quantity of feed and forage.

Potential productivity for sugar maple on this soil is

moderately high. There are no limitations to woodland

use and management.

Moderate depth to bedrock is the main limitation to

use of this soil as a site for dwellings with basements.

Dwellings could be built on nearby or included deeper

soils, such as Grenville soils on gentle slopes, that are

better suited to this use.

This soil is poorly suited to use as a site for local

roads and streets. Moderate depth to bedrock and

potential for frost action are the main limitations. Depth

to bedrock limits economical excavation for grade

control and subgrade preparation. Also, maintaining

grade without changing alignment is difficult in some

places because of depth to bedrock. Providing coarser

subgrade helps to prevent frost action from heaving

and buckling pavement.

This soil is poorly suited to use as a site for a septic

tank absorption fields because of moderate depth to

bedrock. An unconventional sewage treatment system,

where code permits, could be used. An alternative is

to use nearby or included, deeper soils, such as

Grenville soils, that are better suited to this use.

The capability subclass is 2s. The forestland

ordination symbol is 3A.

NhB—Nehasne sandy loam, 3 to 8 percent

slopes

This is a moderately deep, gently sloping, well

drained soil on sides of gentle ridges and hills. Most

areas are long and narrow and range from 6 to 40

acres.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Nehasne soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 7 inches, very dark grayish brown sandy loam

Subsoil:

7 to 18 inches, dark yellowish brown gravelly fine

sandy loam

18 to 23 inches, brown gravelly fine sandy loam

23 to 25 inches, dark brown gravelly fine sandy loam
St. Lawrence County, New York 171

Bedrock:

25 inches, marble bedrock, tilted and folded

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

very deep Grenville soils, shallow Summerville and

Hannawa soils, and somewhat poorly drained Matoon

and Ogdensburg soils. Grenville soils are on tops of

ridges or on side slopes. Hannawa soils, Matoon soils,

and Ogdensburg soils are on small benches or in seep

areas. Summerville soils are on shoulders or tops of

ridges and hills. Also included are small areas of rock

outcrops. Matoon, Ogdensburg, and Summerville

soils, and areas of rock outcrop make up about 15

percent of this unit, and other included areas make up

about 10 percent.

Important properties of the Nehasne soil—

Permeability: Moderate or moderately rapid throughout

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Low or moderate

Soil reaction: Moderately acid or slightly acid in the

surface layer, slightly acid or neutral in the subsoil,

and neutral or slightly alkaline in the substratum

Erosion hazard: Slight

Depth to water table: More than 6 feet

Depth to bedrock: 20 to 40 inches

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Most areas of this soil are used as hayland or

pasture. Some areas are cultivated. A few areas are

wooded.

This soil is suited to cultivated crops. Moderate

depth to bedrock limits water available to plants in dry

summers. Erosion is a hazard on longer, steeper

slopes. Conservation practices, such as conservation

tillage, crop rotations that emphasize sod crops,

stripcropping, contour plowing, and use of cover

crops, help to control erosion, to reduce nutrient loss,

to conserve soil moisture, and to maintain or restore

soil tilth. Adding lime and fertilizer according to soil

tests helps to improve crop yields. In some areas

periodic stone removal is needed to prevent excessive

wear on tillage equipment.

This soil is well suited to pasture. Moderate depth to

bedrock limits plant species to those with shorter

roots. It also limits available water in the soil and

causes droughtiness. Overgrazing, especially in dry

summers, can damage pasture seedlings and can

cause sheet erosion. Erosion is a hazard, especially in

summer, when lack of water available to plants

diminishes vigor. Maintaining proper stocking rates,

rotating pastures, deferring grazing when the soil is

saturated, applying lime and fertilizer, and yearly

mowing help to sustain pasture seedlings and to

improve quality and quantity of feed and forage.

Potential productivity for sugar maple on this soil is

moderately high. There are no limitations to woodland

use and management.

Moderate depth to bedrock is the main limitation to

use of this soil as a site for dwellings with basements.

Dwellings could be built on included or nearby deeper

soils, such as Grenville soils, that are better suited to

this use.

This soil is poorly suited to local roads and streets.

Moderate depth to bedrock and potential for frost

action are the main limitations. Depth to bedrock limits

economical excavation for grade control and subgrade

preparation. In places maintaining grade without

changing alignment is difficult because of depth to

bedrock. Providing coarser subgrade helps to prevent

frost action from heaving and buckling pavement.

This soil is poorly suited to use as a site for septic

tank absorption fields because of moderate depth to

bedrock. An unconventional sewage treatment system,

such as a mound system where code permits, could

be used. An alternative is to use nearby or included,

deeper soils, such as Grenville soils, that are better

suited to septic tank absorption fields.

The capability subclass is 2s. The forestland

ordination symbol is 3A.

NhC—Nehasne sandy loam, 8 to 15

percent slopes

This is a moderately deep, strongly sloping, well

drained soil on sides of ridges and hills. Most areas

are long and narrow and range from 6 to 30 acres.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Nehasne soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 7 inches, very dark grayish brown sandy loam

Subsoil:

7 to 18 inches, dark yellowish brown gravelly fine

sandy loam

18 to 23 inches, brown gravelly fine sandy loam

23 to 25 inches, dark brown gravelly fine sandy loam

Bedrock:

25 inches, marble bedrock, tilted and folded

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

very deep Grenville soils, shallow Summerville and

Hannawa soils, and somewhat poorly drained Matoon

and Ogdensburg soils. Grenville soils are on the tops

of ridges or on side slopes. Hannawa soils, clayey

Matoon soils, and Ogdensburg soils are on small
172 Soil Survey

benches or in seep areas. Summerville soils are on

shoulders or tops of ridges and hills. Also included are

small areas of rock outcrops. Matoon, Ogdensburg,

and Summerville soils and areas of rock outcrops

make up about 15 percent of this unit, and other

included areas make up about 10 percent.

Important properties of the Nehasne soil—

Permeability: Moderate or moderately rapid throughout

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Low or moderate

Soil reaction: Moderately acid or slightly acid in the

surface layer, slightly acid or neutral in the subsoil,

and neutral or slightly alkaline in the substratum

Erosion hazard: Slight

Depth to water table: More than 6 feet

Depth to bedrock: 20 to 40 inches

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Most areas of this soil are used as hayland or

pasture. A few areas are cultivated or wooded.

This soil is poorly suited to cultivated crops

because of the erosion hazard, moderate depth to

bedrock, and droughtiness. Conservation practices,

such as conservation tillage, crop rotations that

emphasize sod crops, stripcropping, contour plowing,

and use of cover crops, help to control erosion, to

reduce nutrient loss, to conserve soil moisture, and to

maintain or restore soil tilth. Natural fertility is medium.

Adding lime and fertilizer according to soil tests helps

to improve crop yields. In some areas periodic stone

removal is needed to prevent excessive wear on tillage

equipment.

This soil is fairly well suited to pasture. Moderate

depth to bedrock limits plant species to those with

shorter roots, limits water available to plants, and

causes droughtiness. Overgrazing damages pasture

seedlings and increases the hazard of erosion,

especially in summer, when lack of available water

diminishes plant vigor. Maintaining proper stocking

rates, rotating pastures, deferring grazing when the

soil is saturated, applying lime and fertilizer, and yearly

mowing help to sustain pasture seedlings and to

improve quality and quantity of feed and forage.

Potential productivity for sugar maple on this soil is

moderately high. There are no limitations to woodland

use and management.

Moderate depth to bedrock is the main limitation to

use of this soil as a site for dwellings with basements.

Dwellings could be built on nearby or included, deeper

soils that are better suited to this use.

This soil is poorly suited to use as a site for local

roads and streets. Moderate depth to bedrock,

excessive slope, and potential for frost action are the

main limitations. Depth to bedrock limits economical

excavation for grade control and subgrade preparation.

Maintaining grade without changing alignment is

difficult because of slope and moderate depth to

bedrock. Providing coarser subgrade helps to prevent

frost action from heaving and buckling pavement.

This soil is poorly suited to septic tank absorption

fields because of moderate depth to bedrock. An

unconventional sewage treatment system, such as a

mound system where code permits, could be used. An

alternative is to place the septic system on nearby or

included, deeper soils that are better suited to septic

tank absorption fields.

The capability subclass is 3e. The forestland

ordination symbol is 3A.

NoA—Nicholville very fine sandy loam, 0

to 2 percent slopes

This is a very deep, nearly level, moderately well

drained soil on dissected plains. Areas are irregular in

shape and range from 6 to 30 acres.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Nicholville soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 8 inches, very dark grayish brown very fine sandy

loam

Subsoil:

8 to 14 inches, brown very fine sandy loam

14 to 18 inches, dark yellowish brown very fine sandy

loam

18 to 23 inches, brown very fine sandy loam

Substratum:

23 to 39 inches, brown very fine sandy loam

39 to 55 inches, dark grayish brown loamy very fine

sand

55 to 72 inches, dark brown very fine sandy loam

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

sandy Croghan soils, coarser textured Eelweir soils,

more clayey Hailesboro soils, poorly drained and

somewhat poorly drained Roundabout soils, and well

drained Salmon soils. Croghan and Eelweir soils are

on tops of knolls. Hailesboro soils are on footslopes of

knolls and sides of valleys. Roundabout soils are along

streams or in depressions. Salmon soils are on knolls

or on upper side slopes. Included areas range to 6

acres and make up about 20 percent of this unit.

Important properties of the Nicholville soil—

Permeability: Moderate throughout
St. Lawrence County, New York 173

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): High

Soil reaction: Extremely acid to moderately acid in the

surface layer, very strongly acid to moderately

acid in the subsoil, and very strongly acid to

slightly acid in the substratum

Erosion hazard: Slight

Depth to water table: Perched at a depth of 1.5 to 2

feet from November to May

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Most areas of this soil are used for cultivated crops

or hay. Some areas are used as pasture or woodland.

This soil is suited to cultivated crops. In some years

the seasonal high water table delays planting in spring.

Drainage of included wet spots allows early tillage and

late harvest operations. Low soil reaction limits

nutrients available to plants; adding lime helps to

improve soil reaction. Adding fertilizer and lime

according to soil tests and using crop rotations to limit

consecutive years of row crops are needed for high

productivity and good soil tilth.

This soil is well suited to hay and pasture. The main

limitations are wetness and low soil reaction. The

seasonal high water table restricts root growth of

some legumes. Grazing when the soil is too wet

causes surface compaction. Drainage increases yields

and longevity of deep-rooted legumes. Adding lime

according to soil tests helps to improve soil reaction.

Overgrazing reduces quantity and quality of forage.

Deferred grazing, rotational grazing, applying lime and

fertilizer, harvesting at the proper stage of plant

growth, yearly mowing, and controlling weed and

brush help to increase quantity and quality of feed and

forage.

Potential productivity for sugar maple on this soil is

high. There are no limitations to woodland use and

management.

The seasonal high water table is the main limitation

to use of this soil as a site for dwellings with

basements. Installing foundation drains and

adequately sealing foundations help to prevent wet

basements. An alternative is to build on included areas

of Salmon soils, which have few limitations for

dwellings.

Potential for frost action is the main limitation to use

of this soil as a site for local roads and streets.

Providing coarser subgrade or base material to frost

depth helps to prevent frost action from heaving and

buckling pavement.

The seasonal high water table is the main limitation

to use of this soil as a site for septic tank absorption

fields. Installing a drainage system around the filter

field helps to lower the water table. An alternative is to

place the absorption field on included or nearby soils

that generally are in higher areas and are not wet.

The capability subclass is 2w. The forestland

ordination symbol is 3A.

NoB—Nicholville very fine sandy loam, 2

to 6 percent slopes

This is a very deep, gently sloping, moderately well

drained soil on dissected plains. Areas are irregular in

shape and range from 6 to 60 acres.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Nicholville soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 8 inches, very dark grayish brown very fine sandy

loam

Subsoil:

8 to 14 inches, brown very fine sandy loam

14 to 18 inches, dark yellowish brown very fine sandy

loam

18 to 23 inches, brown very fine sandy loam

Substratum:

23 to 39 inches, brown very fine sandy loam

39 to 55 inches, dark grayish brown loamy very fine

sand

55 to 72 inches, dark brown very fine sandy loam

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

sandy Croghan soils, coarser textured Eelweir soils,

more clayey and somewhat poorly drained Hailesboro

soils, poorly drained and somewhat poorly drained

Roundabout soils, and well drained Salmon soils.

Croghan and Eelweir soils are on tops of knolls.

Hailesboro soils are on footslopes of knolls and valley

sides. Roundabout soils are along streams or in

depressions. Salmon soils are on knolls or upper side

slopes. Included areas range to 6 acres and make up

about 20 percent of this unit.

Important properties of the Nicholville soil—

Permeability: Moderate throughout

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): High

Soil reaction: Extremely acid to moderately acid in the

surface layer, very strongly acid to moderately

acid in the subsoil, and very strongly acid to

slightly acid in the substratum

Erosion hazard: Moderate

Depth to water table: Perched at a depth of 1.5 to 2

feet from November to May
174 Soil Survey

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Most areas of this soil are cultivated or in hay. Some

areas are used as pasture or woodland.

This soil is suited to most crops grown in the county.

Erosion is a hazard, and seasonal wetness is a

limitation. Erosion is a severe hazard on longer,

steeper slopes. Conservation measures, such as

cross-slope tillage, stripcropping, crop rotations that

stress sod crops, and conservation tillage, help to

control erosion and to maintain or restore tilth. In some

years wetness delays planting and interferes with

harvesting, especially on included Roundabout soils.

Installing subsurface drainage and selecting shortseason plant species help to compensate for wetness.

Adding lime helps to improve soil reaction and

increases nutrients available to plants. Adding fertilizer

and lime according to soil tests and using crop

rotations to limit consecutive years of row crops help

to maintain high productivity and good soil tilth.

This soil is well suited to hay and pasture. The

seasonal high water table and low soil reaction are the

main limitations. Restricting stock in early spring and

during other wet periods helps to maintain good soil

tilth. Drainage helps to increase productivity and

longevity of deep-rooted legumes. Adding lime

according to soil tests helps to improve soil reaction

and to increase adaptable plant species and

productivity. Overgrazing can cause loss of desirable

plant species and can cause severe erosion on

longer, steeper slopes. Proper stocking rates,

rotational grazing, yearly mowing, and additions of

lime and fertilizer help to increase quantity and quality

of forage.

Potential productivity for sugar maple on this soil is

high. There are no limitations to woodland use and

management.

The seasonal high water table is the main limitation

to use of this soil as a site for dwellings with

basements. Installing foundation drains and

adequately sealing foundations help to prevent wet

basements. The included areas of Salmon soils have

few limitations for dwellings.

Potential for frost action is the main limitation to use

of this soil as a site for local roads and streets.

Providing coarser subgrade or base material to frost

depth helps to prevent frost action from heaving and

buckling pavement.

The seasonal high water table is the main limitation

to use of this soil as a site for septic tank absorption

fields. Installing a drainage system around the filter

field helps to lower the water table. An alternative is to

place the absorption field on included or nearby soils

that generally are in higher areas and are not wet.

The capability subclass is 2e. The forestland

ordination symbol is 3A.

NoC—Nicholville very fine sandy loam,

rolling

This is a very deep, moderately well drained soil on

dissected terraces and valley sides. Areas are

irregular in shape and range from 6 to 60 acres.

Slopes range from 5 to 15 percent and are complex.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Nicholville soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 8 inches, very dark grayish brown very fine sandy

loam

Subsoil:

8 to 14 inches, brown very fine sandy loam

14 to 18 inches, dark yellowish brown very fine sandy

loam

18 to 23 inches, brown very fine sandy loam

Substratum:

23 to 39 inches, brown very fine sandy loam

39 to 55 inches, dark grayish brown loamy very fine

sand

55 to 72 inches, dark brown very fine sandy loam

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

sandy Adams soils, coarser textured Eelweir soils,

more clayey Hailesboro soils, poorly drained and

somewhat poorly drained Roundabout soils, and well

drained Salmon soils. Adams and Eelweir soils are on

tops of knolls. Hailesboro soils are on footslopes of

knolls and valley sides. Roundabout soils are along

streams or in depressions. Salmon soils are on tops

and the upper side slopes of hills and ridges. Included

areas range to 6 acres and make up about 20 percent

of this unit.

Important properties of the Nicholville soil—

Permeability: Moderate throughout

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): High

Soil reaction: Extremely acid to moderately acid in the

surface layer, very strongly acid to moderately

acid in the subsoil, and very strongly acid to

slightly acid in the substratum

Erosion hazard: Severe

Depth to water table: Perched at a depth of 1.5 to 2

feet from November to May

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches
St. Lawrence County, New York 175

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Most of this unit is used as pasture or woodland.

Some areas are used as hayland.

This soil is poorly suited to most crops grown in the

county because of the severe erosion hazard and

seasonal wetness. Conservation measures, such as

crop rotations that stress sod crops and conservation

tillage, help to control erosion and to maintain or

restore tilth. Topography is complex, and in most areas

contour plowing is not feasible. In some years wetness

delays planting and interferes with harvesting,

especially on included Roundabout soils. Installing

subsurface drainage and selecting short-season

plants help to compensate for wetness. Adding lime is

needed to raise soil reaction and to increase available

nutrients. Adding fertilizer and lime according to soil

tests and using crop rotations to limit consecutive

years of row crops help to ensure high productivity

and good soil tilth.

This soil is fairly suited to pasture and hayland.

Erosion is a hazard. The seasonal high water table

and low soil reaction are the main limitations.

Overgrazing can cause loss of desirable plant species

and can cause a severe erosion hazard. Proper

stocking rates help to maintain stabilizing vegetation

and to control erosion. Rotational grazing, yearly

mowing, and adding lime and fertilizer help to increase

quantity and quality of forage. Restricting stock from

pasture in early spring and during other wet periods

helps to maintain good soil tilth. Drainage helps to

increase productivity and longevity of deep-rooted

legumes. Low soil reaction limits adaptable plant

species and productivity. Adding lime according to soil

tests helps to improve soil reaction.

Potential productivity for sugar maple on this soil is

high. Erosion is a hazard. Building logging roads on

the contour, installing water bars to protect roads

when not in use, and routing roads and skid trails to

less sloping areas help to control erosion.

The seasonal high water table is the main limitation

to use of this soil as a site for dwellings with

basements. Installing foundation drains and sealing

foundations help to prevent wet basements. Included

areas of Salmon soils have few limitations for

dwellings. Erosion is a hazard on construction sites.

Siting dwellings in less sloping areas and revegetating

disturbed places during or soon after construction help

to control erosion.

Potential for frost action is the main limitation to use

of this soil as a site for local roads and streets.

Providing coarser subgrade or base material to frost

depth helps to prevent frost action from heaving and

buckling pavement. Erosion is a hazard on cutbanks

and in other scarified areas. Revegetating disturbed

areas soon after construction helps to control erosion.

The seasonal high water table is the main limitation

to use of this soil as a site for septic tank absorption

fields. Installing a drainage system around the filter

field helps to lower the water table. An alternative is to

place the absorption field on included or nearby soils,

such as Salmon soils, that are better suited to septic

tank absorption fields.

The capability subclass is 3e. The forestland

ordination symbol is 3R.

NrB—Nicholville very fine sandy loam, 0

to 6 percent slopes, rocky

This is a very deep, gently sloping, moderately well

drained soil on bedrock-controlled terraces and plains.

Rock outcrops, in many places adjacent to included

soils, cover 0.1 to 2 percent of the total surface area.

Most areas are on slopes of 0 to 3 percent, but the

range is 0 to 6 percent. Areas are irregular in shape,

and range from 6 to 60 acres.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Nicholville soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 8 inches, very dark grayish brown very fine sandy

loam

Subsoil:

8 to 14 inches, brown very fine sandy loam

14 to 18 inches, dark yellowish brown very fine sandy

loam

18 to 23 inches, brown very fine sandy loam

Substratum:

23 to 39 inches, brown very fine sandy loam

39 to 55 inches, dark grayish brown loamy very fine

sand

55 to 72 inches, dark brown very fine sandy loam

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

rock outcrops; sandy Croghan soils; loamy Eelweir

soils; more clayey, somewhat poorly drained

Hailesboro soils; shallow Insula soils; somewhat poorly

drained and poorly drained Roundabout soils; and well

drained Salmon soils. Rock outcrops are on tops and

sides of small knolls. Hailesboro soils are on

footslopes of knolls and valley sides. Roundabout soils

are along streams or in depressions. Salmon soils are

on knolls or on upper side slopes. Included areas

range to 6 acres and make up about 20 percent of this

unit.

Important properties of the Nicholville soil—
176 Soil Survey

Permeability: Moderate throughout

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): High

Soil reaction: Extremely acid to moderately acid in the

surface layer, very strongly acid to moderately

acid in the subsoil, and very strongly acid to

slightly acid in the substratum

Erosion hazard: Slight

Depth to water table: Perched at a depth of 1.5 to 2

feet from November to May

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Most areas of this soil are in hay. Some areas are

cultivated, pastured, or wooded.

This soil is poorly suited to cultivated crops

because of rock outcrops, the seasonal high water

table, and the hazard of erosion. Scattered rock

outcrops distort traffic patterns in fields, and cultivation

with modern equipment is difficult. In some years the

seasonal high water table delays planting and

harvesting of crops. Rock outcrops and included areas

of shallow or moderately deep soils interfere with

installation of drainage; therefore, an adequate number

of test pits need to be examined prior to construction.

Erosion is a severe hazard on longer, steeper slopes.

Conservation practices, such as conservation tillage,

crop rotations that emphasize sod crops, cover crops,

and contour plowing, help to reduce runoff and to

control erosion. Adding lime helps to improve soil

reaction. Adding fertilizer and lime according to soil

tests and using crop rotations to limit consecutive

years of row crops help to ensure high productivity

and good soil tilth.

This soil is fairly suited to hayland and pasture.

Scattered rock outcrops disrupt traffic patterns and

limit haying operations. The seasonal high water table

and low reaction are also limitations. Restricting stock

from pasture in early spring and during other wet

periods helps to maintain good soil tilth. Drainage

helps to increase productivity and longevity of deeprooted legumes. Adding lime according to soil tests

helps to improve soil reaction and to increase

adaptable plant species and productivity. Overgrazing

can cause loss of desirable plant species and severe

erosion on longer, steeper slopes. Proper stocking

rates, rotational grazing, yearly mowing, and additions

of lime and fertilizer help to increase quantity and

quality of forage.

Potential productivity for sugar maple on this soil is

moderate. There are no limitations to woodland use

and management.

The seasonal high water table is the main limitation

to use of this soil as a site for dwellings with

basements. Installing foundation drains and sealing

foundations help to prevent wet basements. An

alternative is to avoid included, shallow Insula soils as

sites for dwellings and to select included Salmon soils,

which have few limitations to this use.

Potential for frost action is the main limitation to use

of this soil as a site for local roads and streets.

Providing coarser subgrade or base material to frost

depth helps to prevent frost action from heaving and

buckling pavement. Included areas of shallow Insula

soils and rock outcrops are problems for local roads

and streets. Adjusting road alignment or grade helps to

minimize these problems on included areas.

The seasonal high water table is the main limitation

to use of this soil as a site for septic tank absorption

fields. Installing a drainage system around the filter

field helps to lower the water table. An alternative is to

avoid included areas of shallow Insula soils and to

place the absorption field on included or nearby soils

that are not wet.

The capability subclass is 6s. The forestland

ordination symbol is 3A.

OgA—Ogdensburg loam, 0 to 3 percent

slopes

This is a moderately deep, nearly level, somewhat

poorly drained soil in shallow basins or troughs. Areas

are irregular in shape, and range from 10 to 100 acres.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

Ogdensburg soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 9 inches, black loam

Subsoil:

9 to 14 inches, dark yellowish brown fine sandy loam

14 to 21 inches, grayish brown fine sandy loam

Substratum:

21 to 24 inches, gray and grayish brown very gravelly

sandy loam

Bedrock:

24 inches, dolomitic sandstone bedrock

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

shallow, well drained Insula and Summerville soils on

slight knolls. Also included are small areas of finer

textured Matoon soils; small areas of shallow, poorly

drained Hannawa soils in slight depressions; and well

drained, very deep Grenville soils on some small

ridges or hills. Also included are areas of well drained

Nehasne soils on slight knolls. Included soils range to

6 acres and make up about 15 percent of this unit.
St. Lawrence County, New York 177

Important properties of the Odgensburg soil—

Permeability: Moderate or moderately rapid throughout

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Moderate

Soil reaction: Moderately acid to neutral in the surface

layer, slightly acid or neutral in the upper part of

the subsoil, and neutral to moderately alkaline in

the lower part of the subsoil and the substratum

Erosion hazard: Low

Depth to water table: At depths of 0.5 to 1.5 feet from

November to May

Depth to bedrock: 20 to 40 inches

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Most areas of this soil are woodland or brushland.

Some areas are used for pasture or cultivated crops.

This soil is fairly suited to cultivated crops. The

seasonal high water table restricts root growth of

some plants. In some years wetness delays planting in

spring and interferes with harvesting in fall. Stones in

the soil hinder tillage and cause excessive wear on

equipment.

This soil is fairly suited to hayland and pasture. The

seasonal high water table and moderate depth to

bedrock restrict rooting depth and impede growth of

legumes. Permitting animals to graze on the soil when

wet can cause surface compaction and loss of tilth.

Deferred grazing, rotational grazing, regular

applications of fertilizer and lime, and yearly mowing

help to maintain soil tilth and to sustain productive

stands.

Potential productivity for red maple on this soil is

moderately low. Wet soil conditions limit equipment

use. Restricting heavy equipment use to drier times of

the year or to winter, when the soil is frozen, will

minimize rutting of the soil and related equipment

problems. The seedling mortality rate can be

excessive because of wetness. Timely planting when

the soil is moist but not wet and selecting adaptable

species help to reduce the seedling mortality rate. The

water table limits root development and windthrow is a

moderate hazard. Minimizing thinning and planting

water-tolerant trees help to reduce windthrow.

Seasonal wetness and moderate depth to bedrock

are limitations to use of this soil as a site for dwellings

with basements. Dwellings without basements are a

more suitable use of this soil. Installing subsurface

drainage and adequately sealing foundations help to

reduce wetness. Deep Grenville soils, which are near

most areas of this soil, are more suitable for dwellings

with basements.

The seasonal high water and potential for frost

action are the main limitations to use of this soil as a

site for local roads and streets. Constructing roads on

raised fill material and using coarser grained subgrade

or base material to frost depth help to prevent frost

action from damaging pavement. An alternative is to

avoid the Ogdensburg soil and to route roads on

nearby soils, such as deeper Grenville soils.

Moderate depth to bedrock and the seasonal high

water table are the main limitations to use of this soil

as a site for septic tank absorption fields. The septic

system could be placed on nearby or included soils

that are more favorable to this use.

The capability subclass is 3w. The forestland

ordination symbol is 3W.

OgB—Ogdensburg loam, 3 to 8 percent

slopes

This is a moderately deep, gently sloping,

somewhat poorly drained soil in shallow basins or

troughs. Areas of this soil are irregular in shape. They

range from 6 to 40 acres.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

Ogdensburg soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 9 inches, black loam

Subsoil:

9 to 14 inches, dark yellowish brown fine sandy loam

14 to 21 inches, grayish brown fine sandy loam

Substratum:

21 to 24 inches, gray and grayish brown very gravelly

sandy loam

24 inches, dolomitic sandstone bedrock

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

shallow Hannawa soils in slight depressions and

Insula and Summerville soils on knolls. Also included

are some small areas of Matoon soils, which have a

higher clay content than the Ogdensburg soil, and well

drained Nehasne soils on small knolls. Included soils

range to 6 acres and makeup about 15 percent of this

unit.

Important properties of the Ogdensburg soil—

Permeability: Moderate or moderately rapid throughout

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Moderate

Soil reaction: Moderately acid to neutral in the surface

layer, slightly acid or neutral in the upper part of

the subsoil, and neutral to moderately alkaline in

the lower part of the subsoil and the substratum

Erosion hazard: Moderate
178 Soil Survey

Depth to water table: At depths of 0.5 to 1.5 feet from

November to May

Depth to bedrock: 20 to 40 inches

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Most areas of this soil are used as woodland

or brushland. Some areas are pastured or

cultivated.

This soil is fairly suited to cultivated crops. The

seasonal high water table and moderate depth to

bedrock restrict root growth. In some years wetness

delays planting in spring and interferes with harvesting

in fall. Depth to bedrock limits root growth and

availability of water in dry summers. Erosion is a

hazard on longer, steeper slopes. Conservation tillage

helps to control erosion.

This soil is fairly suited to hayland and pasture. The

seasonal high water table and moderate depth to

bedrock limit the root zone and impede growth of

legumes. Grazing the soil when wet causes surface

compaction and loss of tilth. Deferred grazing,

rotational grazing, proper stocking rates, regular

applications of lime and fertilizer, and yearly mowing

help to increase quantity and quality of forage and to

maintain soil tilth.

Potential productivity for maple on this soil is low or

moderate. Wet soil conditions limit equipment use.

Logging and road building during drier periods or in

winter when the soil is frozen help to minimize rutting

of the soil and related equipment problems. The

seedling mortality rate can be excessive because of

wetness. Timely planting when the soil is moist but not

wet and selecting adaptable varieties help to reduce

the seedling mortality rate. The water table limits root

development and windthrow is a moderate hazard.

Minimizing thinning and planting shallow-rooted

species help to minimize the windthrow hazard.

Seasonal wetness and moderate depth to bedrock

are limitations to use of this soil as a site for dwellings

with basements. Dwellings without basements are a

more suitable use of this soil. Installing subsurface

drains and adequately sealing foundations help to

compensate for wetness. An alternative is to use

nearby soils, such as Grenville soils, that are more

suitable for dwellings with basements.

The seasonal high water table and potential for frost

action are severe limitations to use of this soil as a site

for local roads and streets. Constructing roads on

raised fill material and installing roadside ditches and

culverts where needed help to reduce wetness.

Providing coarser subgrade or base material to frost

depth helps to prevent frost action from heaving and

buckling pavement. An alternative is to avoid the

Ogdensburg soil and to route roads on nearby deeper,

drier soils, such as Grenville soils.

The seasonal high water table and moderate depth

to bedrock are the main limitations to use of this soil

as a site for septic tank absorption fields. Nearby or

included areas of deeper soils, such Grenville soils,

have fewer limitations to this use.

The capability subclass is 3w. The forestland

ordination symbol is 3W.

Pg—Pits, gravel and sand

This map unit consists of small to large excavations

generally on sides of hills and ridges from which sand

or sand and gravel have been removed. Most pits

have short, steep slopes along the edges. Bottoms

of pits generally are nearly level, and in places water

is ponded. Units range from 6 to more than 50

acres.

Pits, gravel and sand, are variable in composition;

however, pit walls consist mainly of sand or of sand

and gravel, generally stratified. Bottoms of pits are

generally sandy or sandy and gravelly.

Included with Pits, gravel and sand, in mapping are

areas where removed material was loamy or clayey or

was all sand and gravel. In both areas walls and floors

of pits are loamy or clayey. In some places small areas

of bedrock have been excavated and exposed. In

places gravel pits have expanded after mapping, are

larger, and have a different shape than those shown

on soil maps. In other places pits have been filled in,

graded, and reclaimed. Some small areas of gravel

pits contain piles of refuse. Inclusions range to 6 acres

and make up about 10 percent of this unit.

Properties of Pits, gravel and sand, are highly

variable; generally, however, permeability of pit

bottoms is slow or very slow and slope of pit walls is

steep or very steep. Although active pits have no plant

cover, older, abandoned pits support drought-tolerant

grasses and shrubs. Abandoned pits can be smoothed

and reclaimed to help to control erosion.

Pits, gravel and sand, are unsuited to farming

because of low fertility and steepness of pit sides. In

some places grading pit sides and depositing

adequate amounts of topsoil on pits can reclaim these

areas for some agricultural uses.

Pits, gravel and sand, are unsuitable for urban uses

because of slow permeability, lack of fertility, and

steepness of pit sides. After landscaping and adding

large deposits of topsoil, some areas could be

reclaimed for urban use. Onsite investigation of each

site is needed.

Pits, gravel and sand, have not been assigned a

capability subclass or a forestland ordination symbol.
St. Lawrence County, New York 179

Ph—Pits, quarry

This map unit consists of small to large open pit

mines from which feldspar, marble, tremolite, hematite,

and pyrite were removed. Sides of pits are very steep

or, in some places, vertical. Bottoms of pits are nearly

level and in most areas water is ponded. Areas range

from 6 to 10 acres.

Included with Pits, quarry, in mapping are areas

where soil was removed and rock was quarried. In

places quarries have expanded after mapping, are

larger, and have different shapes than those shown on

soil maps. Some places have small areas of refuse.

Most areas are unreclaimed, open, shear-sided

excavations in bedrock to various depths, and are

filled with water. Inclusions range to 6 acres and make

up about 20 percent of this unit.

Pits, quarry, are unsuited to most uses because of

steep sides and ponding. Swimming in quarry pits can

be quite hazardous because of sharp dropoffs, deep

water, and no resting places along smooth, shear

walls. Diving is particularly dangerous because of

submerged abandoned machinery and rock shelves.

Inactive quarries are difficult to reclaim because

slopes cannot be smoothed and graded. Not enough

soil is available for filling in and reshaping excavated

areas. Some bushes and small trees grow in cracks in

walls and floors.

Pits, quarry, have not been assigned a capability

subclass or a forestland ordination symbol.

PmC—Potsdam very fine sandy loam, 8 to

15 percent slopes

This is a very deep, strongly sloping, well drained

soil on side slopes of hills and knolls on glacial till

plains. Areas of this soil generally are long and narrow

or are irregular in shape, and range from 6 to 30 acres.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Potsdam soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 3 inches, black slightly decomposed leaf litter

3 to 6 inches, black highly decomposed organic matter

Subsurface layer:

6 to 9 inches, pinkish gray very fine sandy loam

Subsoil:

9 to 12 inches, dark reddish brown silt loam

12 to 22 inches, reddish brown and strong silt loam

22 to 34 inches, light olive brown gravelly sandy loam

Substratum:

34 to 72 inches, olive brown gravelly sandy loam

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

moderately well drained Crary soils and poorly drained

Lyme soils on footslopes, along drainageways, and in

other slightly concave areas. Also included are small

areas of moderately deep Tunbridge soils where

bedrock is less than 40 inches deep, small areas of

rock outcrops, and areas of Berkshire soils where the

substratum is less firm and dense than in the Potsdam

soil. Also included are areas of sandy Adams soils and

gravelly Colton soils where flowing water deposited

small pockets of stratified sand and gravel. Included

areas range to 6 acres and make up about 20 percent

of this unit.

Important properties of the Potsdam soil—

Permeability: Moderately slow to moderately rapid in

the surface layer, subsurface layer, and subsoil

and slow in the substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Moderate or high

Soil reaction: Extremely acid to moderately acid in the

surface layer, very strongly acid to moderately

acid in the upper part of the subsoil, very strongly

acid to neutral in the lower part of the subsoil, and

strongly acid to slightly alkaline in the substratum

Erosion hazard: Severe

Depth to water table: At a depth of 2 to 3 feet from

November to May

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Most areas of this soil are used as hayland or

pasture. Some farmed areas are reverting to

brushland or woodland.

This soil is moderately suited to cultivated crops. If

cultivated crops are grown, intensive management

practices are needed to reduce runoff and to control

erosion. Conservation tillage, cover crops, contour

plowing, and crop rotations that emphasize sod crops

help to control erosion and to reduce loss of applied

fertilizer in runoff. Low soil reaction has an adverse

effect on natural fertility. Applying lime and fertilizer

according to soil tests helps to achieve good yields.

Periodic stone removal is needed to prevent excessive

wear on machinery.

This soil is fairly suited to hay and pasture.

Overgrazing can result in a severe hazard of erosion.

Rotational grazing, proper stocking rates, regular

applications of lime and fertilizer according to soil

tests, and yearly mowing help to control erosion, to

maintain pasture seedlings, and to sustain productivity.

Potential productivity for sugar maple on this soil is

moderate or high. Erosion is a moderate hazard.
180 Soil Survey

Building logging roads and skid trails on the contour

and constructing water bars to protect roads and trails

when not in use help to control erosion.

The seasonal high water table and excessive slope

are moderate limitations to use of this soil as a site for

dwellings with basements. Installing drains by footings

and shaping the land to move surface water and runoff

from dwellings help to lower the water table.

Adequately sealing foundations helps to prevent wet

basements. Designing the structure to conform to

slope or shaping the land helps to overcome slope.

Erosion is a hazard in areas cleared during

construction. Controlling runoff during construction

and establishing a vegetative cover as soon as

possible after construction help to control erosion.

The seasonal high water table, slope, and potential

for frost action are moderate limitations to use of this

soil as a site for local roads and streets. Constructing

roads and streets on raised fill material and installing a

drainage system help to compensate for wetness.

Constructing roads on the contour and adapting road

design to slope help to overcome slope. Providing

coarser grained subgrade or base material to frost

depth helps to prevent frost action from damaging

pavement.

Slow permeability in the substratum is the main

limitation to use of this soil as a site for septic tank

absorption fields. Enlarging the absorption field and

placing a wide, deep trench below the distribution lines

help to compensate for the slow permeability.

The capability subclass is 3e. The forestland

ordination symbol is 3R.

PoC—Potsdam-Tunbridge complex, 3 to

15 percent slopes, very bouldery

This map unit consists of well drained, gently

sloping to strongly sloping soils formed in glacial till on

uplands. Typically, the very deep Potsdam soil is on

smooth backslopes of hills and on sides of valleys. The

moderately deep Tunbridge soil is on crests of ridges

and hills and on bedrock-controlled terraces and

knolls. Boulders about 10 to 70 feet apart and stones

cover 0.1 to 3 percent of the surface. Most areas of

this unit are irregular in shape and 6 to 100 acres, but

the range is 6 to 200 acres. The unit is about 50

percent Potsdam soil, 30 percent Tunbridge soil, and

20 percent other soils. The Potsdam and Tunbridge

soils are intermingled so closely that they could not be

separated at the scale selected for mapping.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Potsdam soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 3 inches, black slightly decomposed leaf litter

3 to 6 inches, black highly decomposed organic matter

Subsurface layer:

6 to 9 inches, pinkish gray very fine sandy loam

Subsoil:

9 to 12 inches, dark reddish brown silt loam

12 to 22 inches, reddish brown and strong brown silt

loam

22 to 34 inches, light olive brown gravelly sandy loam

Substratum:

34 to 72 inches, olive brown gravelly sandy loam

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Tunbridge soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 2 inches, dark reddish brown silt loam

Subsurface layer:

2 to 3 inches, brown silt loam

Subsoil:

3 to 19 inches, dark reddish brown and dark brown silt

loam

19 to 30 inches, dark yellowish brown gravelly very

fine sandy loam

Bedrock:

30 inches, granitic bedrock

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

moderately well drained Crary soils and poorly drained

Lyme soils and very poorly drained Tughill soils on

footslopes, along drainageways, and in other concave

areas. Also included are small areas of shallow Lyman

soils where bedrock is less than 20 inches deep on

summits of ridges and hills, areas of rock outcrops in

conjunction with included Lyman soils, and areas of

very deep, more permeable Berkshire soils where the

substratum is less firm and dense than in the Potsdam

soil. Also included are areas of sandy Adams soils and

gravelly Colton soils where flowing water deposited

small pockets of stratified sand and gravel, small areas

where slopes are steeper than those of the Potsdam

and Tunbridge soils, and a few small areas where the

surface is free of boulders and stones. Included areas

range to 6 acres and make up about 20 percent of this

unit.

Important properties of the Potsdam soil—

Permeability: Moderately slow to moderately rapid in

the surface layer, subsurface layer, and subsoil

and slow in the substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Moderate or high

Soil Reaction: Extremely acid to moderately acid in the
St. Lawrence County, New York 181

surface layer, extremely acid in the subsurface

layer, very strongly acid to moderately acid in the

upper part of the subsoil, very strongly acid to

neutral in the lower part of the subsoil, and

strongly acid to slightly alkaline in the substratum

Erosion hazard: Severe

Depth to water table: At a depth of 2 to 3 feet from

November to May

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Important properties of the Tunbridge soil—

Permeability: Moderate or moderately rapid throughout

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Moderate

Soil reaction: Extremely acid to moderately acid in the

surface layer and the subsoil and strongly acid to

slightly acid in the substratum

Erosion hazard: Severe

Depth to water table: More than 6 feet throughout the

year

Depth to bedrock: 20 to 40 inches

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Most areas of these soils are woodland. A few

areas are old meadows or clearings.

These soils are poorly suited to cultivated crops

because many boulders and stones are on the

surface. Rock outcrops and shallow Lyman soils are

also limitations.

These soils are poorly suited to pasture. Surface

stones severely hinder use of equipment needed to

improve and maintain pasture. Proper stocking rates

and brush control are management concerns. Grazing

these soils when wet causes surface compaction.

Overgrazing can diminish quantity and quality of

forage plants and can cause an erosion hazard on

longer, steeper slopes.

Potential productivity for sugar maple on these soils

is moderate or high. Erosion is a hazard where logging

operations or road and trail construction exposes the

soil to runoff. Building logging roads and skid trails on

the contour and installing water bars to protect roads

and trails when not in use help to control erosion.

Boulders on the surface hinder machine planting of

trees.

Depth to bedrock on the Tunbridge soil, the

seasonal high water table on the Potsdam soil, and

included steeper areas are the main limitations to use

of these soils as a site for dwellings with basements.

Onsite investigation is needed to avoid blasting or

excessive filling because of moderate depth to

bedrock on the Tunbridge soil and to locate alternative

sites in less sloping areas. Excessive slope limits

building design choices and increases the hazard of

erosion on construction sites. Limiting areas disturbed

during construction and stabilizing sites as soon as

possible after construction is completed help to control

erosion. On the Potsdam soil installing drains by

footings and shaping the land so subsurface water and

runoff are diverted from dwellings help to lower the

water table. Adequately sealing foundations helps to

prevent wet basements.

Slope, potential for frost action, the seasonal high

water table on the Potsdam soil, and moderate depth

to bedrock on the Tunbridge soil are moderate

limitations to use of these soils as a site for local roads

and streets. Constructing roads on the contour, land

shaping and grading, and using an adapted road

design help to overcome slope. Providing coarser

grained subgrade or base material to frost depth helps

to prevent frost action from damaging pavement.

Constructing roads and streets on raised fill material

and installing a drainage system help to compensate

for wetness. Planning road grades and routes to avoid

bedrock is needed.

Slow permeability in the substratum on the

Potsdam soil and moderate depth to bedrock on the

Tunbridge soil are the main limitations to use of these

soils as a site for septic tank absorption fields. On the

Potsdam soil enlarging the absorption field and placing

a wide, deep trench below the distribution lines help to

compensate for the slow permeability. On the

Tunbridge soil onsite investigations are needed to

avoid moderate depth to bedrock.

The capability subclass is 6s for the Potsdam and

Tunbridge soils. The forestland ordination symbol is 3R

for the Potsdam and Tunbridge soils.

PoD—Potsdam-Tunbridge complex, 15 to

35 percent slopes, very bouldery

This map unit consists of well drained, moderately

steep to very steep soils formed in glacial till on

uplands. Typically, the very deep Potsdam soil is on

smooth backslopes of hills and sides of valleys and

the moderately deep Tunbridge soil is on crests of

ridges and hills and on bedrock-controlled terraces

and knolls. Boulders about 10 to 70 feet apart and

stones cover 0.1 to 3 percent of the surface of these

soils. Most areas are irregular in shape and 6 to 100

acres, but the range is 6 to 200 acres. The unit is

about 50 percent Potsdam soil, 30 percent Tunbridge

soil, and 20 percent other soils. The Potsdam and

Tunbridge soils are intermingled so closely on the
182 Soil Survey

landscape that they could not be separated at the

scale selected for mapping.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Potsdam soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 3 inches, black slightly decomposed leaf litter

3 to 6 inches, black highly decomposed organic matter

Subsurface layer:

6 to 9 inches, pinkish gray very fine sandy loam

Subsoil:

9 to 12 inches, dark reddish brown silt loam

12 to 22 inches, reddish brown and strong silt loam

22 to 34 inches, light olive brown gravelly sandy loam

Substratum:

34 to 72 inches, olive brown gravelly sandy loam

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Tunbridge soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 2 inches, dark reddish brown silt loam

Subsurface layer:

2 to 3 inches, brown silt loam

Subsoil:

3 to 19 inches, dark reddish brown and dark brown silt

loam

19 to 30 inches, dark yellowish brown gravelly very

fine sandy loam

Bedrock:

30 inches, granitic bedrock

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

moderately well drained Crary soils on backslopes and

poorly drained Lyme soils and very poorly drained

Tughill soils on footslopes, along drainageways, and in

other concave areas. Also included, on summits of

ridges and hills and on tops of knolls, are small areas

of Lyman soils where bedrock is less than 20 inches

deep. Also included are areas of rock outcrops near

Lyman soils; areas of very deep, more permeable

Berkshire soils where the substratum is less firm and

dense than in the Potsdam soil; and areas of sandy

Adams soils and gravelly Colton soils on terraces and

lower side slopes where flowing water deposited small

pockets of stratified sand and gravel. Also included are

small areas where slopes are steeper than those for

Potsdam and Tunbridge soil and small areas where

the surface is free of boulders and stones. Included

areas range to 6 acres and make up about 20 percent

of this unit.

Important properties of the Potsdam soil—

Permeability: Moderately slow to moderately rapid in

the surface layer, subsurface layer, and subsoil

and slow in the substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Moderate or high

Soil Reaction: Extremely acid to moderately acid in the

surface layer, extremely acid in the subsurface

layer, very strongly acid to moderately acid in the

upper part of the subsoil, very strongly acid to

neutral in the lower part of the subsoil, and

strongly acid to slightly alkaline in the substratum

Erosion hazard: Severe

Depth to water table: At depths of 2 to 3 feet from

November to May

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Important properties of the Tunbridge soil—

Permeability: Moderate or moderately rapid throughout

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Moderate

Soil reaction: Extremely acid to moderately acid in the

surface layer and the subsoil and strongly acid to

slightly acid in the substratum

Erosion hazard: Severe

Depth to water table: More than 6 feet throughout the

year

Depth to bedrock: 20 to 40 inches

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Most areas of these soils are woodland.

These soils are unsuited to cultivated crops

because of excessive slope and many boulders and

stones on the soil surface.

These soils are poorly suited to pasture. Numerous

surface boulders and stones and excessive slope

severely hinder use of equipment needed to improve

and maintain pasture. Proper stocking rates and brush

control are management concerns. Overgrazing can

diminish quantity and quality of forage plants and can

cause an erosion hazard.

Potential productivity for sugar maple on these soils

is moderate. Erosion is a severe hazard where logging

operations or construction of roads and trails exposes

the soil to runoff. Laying out logging roads and skid

trails on the contour and building water bars to protect

roads and trails when not in use help to control

erosion. Boulders on the surface and steepness of

slope hinder machine planting of trees. Moderate

depth to bedrock limits root development and

windthrow is a moderate hazard. Minimizing thinning
St. Lawrence County, New York 183

and planting shallow-rooted species help to reduce

windthrow.

Depth to bedrock on the Tunbridge soil and

excessive slope are the main limitations to use of

these soils as a site for dwellings with basements.

Excessive slope can limit architectural design and can

cause severe erosion on disturbed building sites. On

the Tunbridge soil depth to bedrock is moderate and

excavation is difficult. Using designs that conform to

the natural slope helps to overcome slope. Limiting the

area disturbed during construction and stabilizing the

site as soon as possible after construction is

completed help to control erosion. An alternative is to

build dwellings with basements on nearby or included,

less sloping, very deep soils. In some areas the

surface needs to be cleared of boulders to establish

lawns on these soils.

Slope is the main limitation to use of these soils as

a site for local roads and streets. Potential for frost

action, the seasonal high water table on the Potsdam

soil, and moderate depth to bedrock on the Tunbridge

soil are also limitations. Planning road grades and

locations to avoid bedrock, constructing roads on the

contour, land shaping and grading, and adapting road

design to slope are needed.

Slow permeability in the substratum of the Potsdam

soil, moderate depth to bedrock on the Tunbridge soil,

and slope are the main limitations to use of these soils

as a site for septic tank absorption fields. The septic

system could be placed on included or nearby soils

that are more favorable to this use and deeper, more

permeable, and less sloping than the Potsdam soil,

such as gently sloping or moderately sloping

Berkshire soils.

The capability subclass is 7s for the Potsdam and

Tunbridge soils. The forestland ordination symbol is 3R

for the Potsdam and Tunbridge soils.

PpD—Potsdam and Berkshire soils, 15 to

35 percent slopes, very bouldery

This map unit consists of very deep, moderately

steep to very steep soils on glacial till plains. Typically,

Potsdam soils are on sides of hills and ridges on

uplands and Berkshire soils are on the lower side

slopes of valleys and in areas of complex, hilly

topography at edges of outwash plains. Boulders

about 10 to 70 feet apart and stones cover 0.1 to 3

percent of the surface. Areas of this unit are long and

narrow or are irregular in shape and are 6 to 50 acres,

but the range is 6 to 200 acres. These soils have

similar interpretations for most uses and were not

separated in mapping because of steep slopes and

many boulders on the surface. Some areas are either

almost all Potsdam soils or almost all Berkshire soils,

and some areas consist of both soils. The unit is about

50 percent Potsdam soils, 30 percent Berkshire soils,

and about 20 percent other soils.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of Potsdam soils—

Surface layer:

0 to 3 inches, black slightly decomposed leaf litter

3 to 6 inches, black highly decomposed organic matter

Subsurface layer:

6 to 9 inches, pinkish gray very fine sandy loam

Subsoil:

9 to 12 inches, dark reddish brown silt loam

12 to 22 inches, reddish brown and strong silt loam

22 to 34 inches, light olive brown gravelly sandy loam

Substratum:

34 to 72 inches, olive brown gravelly sandy loam

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of Berkshire soils—

Surface layer:

0 to 7 inches, dark brown loam

Subsoil:

7 to 11 inches, brown loam

11 to 30 inches, brown gravelly loam

Substratum:

30 to 72 inches, dark yellowish brown sandy loam

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

moderately well drained Crary and Sunapee soils on

benches and areas of poorly drained Lyme soils and

very poorly drained Tughill soils on footslopes, along

drainageways, and in other concave areas. Also

included are small areas of Tunbridge soils where

bedrock is less than 40 inches deep, small areas of

rock outcrops near Tunbridge soils, and areas of

sandy Adams soils and gravelly Colton soils on

terraces where flowing water deposited small pockets

of stratified sand and gravel. Also included are a few

small areas where the surface is free of boulders and

stones. Included areas range to 6 acres and make up

about 20 percent of this unit.

Important properties of Potsdam soils—

Permeability: Moderately slow to moderately rapid in

the surface layer, subsurface layer, and subsoil

and slow in the substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Moderate or high

Soil reaction: Extremely acid to moderately acid in the

surface layer, extremely acid in the subsurface
184 Soil Survey

layer, very strongly acid to moderately acid in the

upper part of the subsoil, very strongly acid to

neutral in the lower part of the subsoil, and

strongly acid to slightly alkaline in the substratum

Erosion hazard: Severe

Depth to water table: Perched at a depth of 2 to 3 feet

from November to May

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Important properties of Berkshire soils—

Permeability: Moderate or moderately rapid throughout

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): High

Soil reaction: Extremely acid to moderately acid

throughout

Erosion hazard: Slight

Depth to water table: More than 6 feet throughout the

year

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Shrink swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Most areas of these soils are woodland. A few

areas are old meadows or clearings.

These soils are unsuited to cultivated crops

because of steep slopes and many boulders and

stones on the surface. Erosion is a severe hazard

when the surface of these soils are exposed.

These soils are poorly suited to pasture. Excessive

slope and numerous boulders and surface stones

severely hinder use of equipment needed to improve

and maintain pasture. Proper stocking rates and brush

control are management concerns. Grazing these

soils when wet causes surface compaction.

Overgrazing can diminish quantity and quality of

forage plants and can cause an erosion hazard.

Potential productivity for sugar maple on these soils

is moderate or high. Erosion is a hazard where logging

operations or construction of roads and trails scarifies

and exposes the soils, particularly on Potsdam soils.

Laying out logging roads and skid trails on the contour

and building water bars to protect roads and trails

when not in use help to control erosion. Steep slopes

are a moderate limitation to equipment use. Boulders

on the surface hinder machine planting.

These soils are poorly suited to dwellings with

basements because of steepness of slope. For most

dwelling designs excavation and grading are difficult

on these soils. Erosion is a hazard on building sites

when the soil is exposed. Houses could be built using

special designs that accommodate slope. An

alternative is to build houses on nearby or included,

less sloping areas of this or other soils. Limiting the

area that construction activities disturb and

establishing stabilizing vegetation on the site as soon

as possible help to control erosion.

These soils are poorly suited to local roads and

streets. Steepness of slope is the main limitation.

Changing the grade and cutting and filling help to

overcome slope. Taking special care where culverts

empty out helps to prevent formation of gullies.

Stabilizing cut and fill slopes with vegetation as soon

as possible after construction helps to control erosion.

An alternative is to route roads to nearby or included

areas of less sloping soils.

These soils are poorly suited to septic tank

absorption fields because of slow permeability on

Potsdam soils and excessive slope. These limitations

can cause the effluent to seep out at the soil surface

or to be distributed unequally among the distribution

lines. An alternative is to place the septic system on

included or nearby soils that are more favorable to this

use and that are more permeable and less sloping

than Potsdam and Berkshire soils, such as gently

sloping or moderately sloping Berkshire soils.

The capability subclass is 7s for the Potsdam and

Berkshire soils. The forestland ordination symbol is 3R

for Potsdam soils and 9R for Berkshire soils.

PsC—Potsdam and Crary soils, 8 to 15

percent slopes, very bouldery

This map unit consists of very deep, strongly

sloping soils on glacial till plains. Typically, the well

drained Potsdam soils are on upper side slopes and

on convex knolls and hilltops, and the moderately well

drained Crary soils are on footslopes, backslopes, and

slight benches. Boulders about 10 to 70 feet apart and

stones cover 0.1 to 3 percent of the surface. Most

areas are irregular in shape and 6 to 50 acres; the

range is 6 to 100 acres. The unit is about 40 percent

Potsdam soils, 30 percent Crary soils, and 30 percent

other soils. Some areas are either mostly Potsdam

soils or mostly Crary soils, and some areas consist of

both soils. Potsdam and Crary soils were mapped

together because they have no major differences in

use and management.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of Potsdam soils—

Surface layer:

0 to 3 inches, black slightly decomposed leaf litter

3 to 6 inches, black highly decomposed organic matter

Subsurface layer:
St. Lawrence County, New York 185

6 to 9 inches, pinkish gray very fine sandy loam

Subsoil:

9 to 12 inches, dark reddish brown silt loam

12 to 22 inches, reddish brown and strong silt loam

22 to 34 inches, light olive brown gravelly sandy loam

Substratum:

34 to 72 inches, olive brown gravelly sandy loam

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of Crary soils—

Surface layer:

0 to 8 inches, dark brown coarse silt loam

Subsoil:

8 to 14 inches, dark brown coarse silt loam

14 to 20 inches, yellowish brown very fine sandy loam

20 to 24 inches, grayish brown very fine sandy loam

Substratum:

24 to 72 inches, brown stony fine sandy loam

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

poorly drained Lyme soils and very poorly drained

Tughill soils on footslopes, along drainageways, and in

other concave areas. Also included are small areas of

Tunbridge soils where bedrock is less than 40 inches

below the soil surface, some small areas of rock

outcrops, and areas of Berkshire soils where the

substratum is less firm and dense than that in

Potsdam and Crary soils. Sandy Adams soils and

gravelly Colton soils are included where flowing water

deposited small pockets of stratified sand and gravel.

Also included are small areas where just stones are

on the surface. Included areas range to 6 acres and

make up about 30 percent of this unit.

Important properties of Potsdam soils—

Permeability: Moderately slow to moderately rapid in

the surface layer, subsurface layer, and subsoil

and slow in the substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Moderate or high

Soil reaction: Extremely acid to moderately acid in the

surface layer, extremely acid in the subsurface

layer, very strongly acid to moderately acid in the

upper part of the subsoil, very strongly acid to

neutral in the lower part of the subsoil, and

strongly acid to slightly alkaline in the substratum

Erosion hazard: Severe

Depth to water table: At a depth of 2 to 3 feet from

November to May

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Important properties of Crary soils—

Permeability: Moderate in the surface layer and subsoil

and slow in the substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Moderate

Soil reaction: Very strongly acid to moderately acid in

the surface layer and the subsoil and strongly acid

to slightly alkaline in the substratum

Erosion hazard: Severe

Depth to water table: At a depth of 1.5 to 2 feet from

February to May

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Most areas of these soils are woodland. A few

areas are old meadows or clearings.

These soils are poorly suited to cultivated crops

because many boulders and stones are on the

surface. Removing boulders and stones would be too

costly for crops normally grown in the area.

These soils are poorly suited to pasture. Boulders

and stones severely hinder use of equipment needed

to improve and maintain pasture. Proper stocking rates

and brush control are management concerns. Grazing

these soils when wet causes surface compaction.

Overgrazing can diminish quantity and quality of

forage plants and can cause an erosion hazard on

longer, steeper slopes.

Potential productivity for sugar maple on these soils

is moderate. Erosion is a hazard where logging

operations or construction of roads and trails exposes

the soil to runoff or where roads and trails are built on

grades too steep. Laying out logging roads and skid

trails on the contour and building water bars on roads

and trails when not in use help to minimize clearcutting

and to control erosion. Boulders on the surface hinder

machine planting.

Wetness is the main limitation and excessive slope

is a moderate limitation to use of these soils as a site

for dwellings with basements. Installing drains by

footings and shaping the land to move surface water

away from dwellings help to reduce wetness.

Adequately sealing foundations helps to prevent wet

basements. Designing the structure to conform to

slope or shaping the land and filling in help to

overcome slope. Erosion is a hazard in areas cleared

during construction. Establishing a vegetative cover as

soon as possible after construction and reducing

runoff during construction help to control erosion. In

some areas the surface needs to be cleared of

boulders to establish lawns.
186 Soil Survey

Potential for frost action and seasonal wetness are

severe limitations to use of these soils as a site for

local roads and streets. Providing coarser grained

subgrade or base material to frost depth helps to

prevent frost action from damaging pavement.

Constructing roads and streets on raised fill material

and installing a drainage system help to compensate

for wetness. Excessive slope is a moderate limitation.

Constructing roads on the contour, land shaping and

grading, and adapting road design to slope are

suitable management practices.

Wetness and slow permeability in the substratum

are the main limitations to use of these soils as a site

for septic tank absorption fields. Providing interceptor

or curtain drains to divert wetness, enlarging the

absorption field, and placing wide, deep trenches

below the distribution lines help to reduce wetness and

to compensate for the slow permeability. Excessive

slope is a moderate limitation. Laying out tile lines on

the contour or using serial distribution helps to ensure

uniform distribution of effluent throughout the

absorption field. An alternative is to place the

absorption field on included or nearby soils, such as

less sloping Berkshire soils, that do not have these

limitations.

The capability subclass is 6s for Potsdam and

Crary soils. The forestland ordination symbol is 3R for

Potsdam and Crary soils.

PvB—Pyrities fine sandy loam, 3 to 8

percent slopes

This is a very deep, gently sloping, well drained soil

on convex tops and upper side slopes of hills and

ridges on glacial till plains. Most areas are irregular in

shape and 6 to 20 acres, but the range is 6 to more

than 50 acres.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Pyrites soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 8 inches, dark brown fine sandy loam

Subsoil:

8 to 30 inches, brown fine sandy loam

30 to 40 inches, brown gravelly fine sandy loam

Substratum:

40 to 72 inches, brown gravelly fine sandy loam

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

moderately well drained Kalurah soils and somewhat

poorly drained Malone soils in slightly concave areas.

Also included are small areas of moderately deep

Nehasne soils and shallow Insula and Summerville

soils where bedrock is less than 40 inches deep,

areas of rock outcrops near Insula and Summerville

soils, and areas of sandy Adams soils and gravelly

Waddington soils where flowing water deposited small

pockets of sand and gravel. Included areas range to 6

acres and make up about 20 percent of this unit.

Important properties of the Pyrities soil—

Permeability: Moderate in the surface layer and subsoil

and moderately slow or slow in the substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Moderate or high

Soil reaction: Moderately acid to neutral in the surface

layer, slightly acid to slightly alkaline in the subsoil,

and slightly acid to moderately alkaline in the

substratum

Erosion hazard: Moderate

Depth to water table: More than 6 feet

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flood hazard: None

Most areas of these soils are used for cultivated

crops or hay. A few areas are in pasture.

This soil is well suited to cultivated crops. Erosion is

a hazard, especially on longer, steeper slopes.

Conservation tillage, cover cropping, contour plowing,

and a crop rotation that emphasizes sod crops help to

control erosion, to reduce nutrient loss, and to

maintain or restore soil tilth. Adding lime and fertilizer

according to soil tests helps to improve crop yields.

Periodic stone removal is needed to prevent excessive

wear on machinery.

This soil is well suited to hayland and pasture.

Overgrazing can lead to loss of desirable plants,

especially in dry summers. Applications of lime and

fertilizer, yearly mowing, proper stocking rates, and

pasture rotation help to maintain pasture seedlings

and to sustain productivity.

Potential productivity for sugar maple on these soils

is high. There are few limitations to planting,

harvesting, or managing woodlots on this soil.

This soil is well suited to use as dwellings with

basements.

Potential for frost action is a moderate limitation to

use of this soil as a site for local roads and streets.

Providing coarser grained subgrade or base material

to frost depth helps to prevent frost action from

damaging pavement.

Slow permeability in the substratum is the main

limitation to use of these soils as a site for septic tank

absorption fields. Enlarging the absorption field and

placing a wide, deep trench below the distribution lines

help to compensate for the slow permeability.
St. Lawrence County, New York 187

The capability subclass is 2e. The forestland

ordination symbol is 3A.

PvC—Pyrities fine sandy loam, 8 to 15

percent slopes

This is a very deep, strongly sloping, well drained

soil on side slopes and knolls on glacial till plains. Most

areas are long and narrow or roughly oval and are less

than 10 acres, but the range is 6 to 30 acres.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Pyrities soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 8 inches, dark brown fine sandy loam

Subsoil:

8 to 30 inches, brown fine sandy loam

30 to 40 inches, brown gravelly fine sandy loam

Substratum:

40 to 72 inches, brown gravelly fine sandy loam

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

moderately well drained Kalurah soils and somewhat

poorly drained Malone soils on footslopes, along

drainageways, and in other, slightly concave areas.

Also included are small areas of moderately deep

Nehasne soils and shallow Insula and Summerville

soils where bedrock is less than 40 inches deep,

areas of rock outcrop near Insula and Summerville

soils, and areas of sandy Adams soils and gravelly

Waddington soils where flowing water deposited small

pockets of sand and gravel. Included areas range to 6

acres and make up about 20 percent of this unit.

Important properties of the Pyrities soil—

Permeability: Moderate in the surface layer and subsoil

and moderately slow or slow in the substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Moderate or high

Soil reaction: Moderately acid to neutral in the surface

layer, slightly acid to slightly alkaline in the subsoil,

and slightly acid to moderately alkaline in the

substratum

Erosion hazard: Severe

Depth to water table: More than 6 feet

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Most areas of this soil are used for hay, pasture, or

cultivated crops. A few areas are wooded.

This soil is poorly suited to cultivated crops

because erosion is a severe hazard. Where it is used

for row crops, intensive conservation practices are

needed to reduce runoff and to control erosion.

Conservation tillage, cover cropping, contour plowing,

and a crop rotation that emphasizes sod crops help to

control erosion and to reduce loss of applied fertilizer

in runoff. Adding lime and fertilizer according to soil

tests helps to improve crop yields. Periodic stone

removal is needed to prevent excessive wear on

machinery.

This soil is fairly suited to hay and pasture.

Overgrazing can cause loss of desired plants and can

increase the hazard of erosion, particularly in dry

summers. Rotational grazing and proper stocking

rates, based on careful appraisal of pasture

conditions, help to retain desired forage species and to

control erosion. Sufficient applications of fertilizer and

lime and annual mowing help to maintain productive

stands.

Potential productivity for sugar maple on this soil is

high. There are few limitations to planting, harvesting,

or managing woodlots on this soil.

Slope is a moderate limitation to use of this soil as a

site for dwellings with basements. Designing the

structure to conform to the natural slope or shaping

the land helps to overcome this limitation.

Slope and potential for frost action are moderate

limitations to use of this soil as a site for local roads

and streets. Constructing roads on the contour, land

shaping and grading, and adapting road design to

slope help to overcome this limitation. Providing

coarser grained subgrade or base material to frost

depth helps to prevent frost action from damaging

pavement.

Slow permeability in the substratum is the main

limitation to use of this soil as a site for septic tank

absorption fields. Enlarging the absorption field and

placing a wide, deep trench below the distribution lines

help to compensate for the slow permeability.

The capability subclass is 3e. The forestland

ordination symbol is 3A.

PxD—Pyrities fine sandy loam, 15 to 25

percent slopes, very stony

This is a very deep, moderately steep, well drained

soil on hills and along drainageways on glacial till

plains. Stones 3 to 25 feet apart and boulders cover

0.1 to 3 percent of the surface. Most areas are long

and narrow and less than 10 acres, but the range is 6

to 20 acres.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Pyrities soil—

Surface layer:
188 Soil Survey

0 to 8 inches, dark brown fine sandy loam

Subsoil:

8 to 30 inches, brown fine sandy loam

30 to 40 inches, brown gravelly fine sandy loam

Substratum:

40 to 72 inches, brown gravelly fine sandy loam

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

moderately well drained Kalurah soils and somewhat

poorly drained Malone soils on footslopes, along

drainageways, and in other concave areas. Also

included are small areas of moderately deep Nehasne

soils and shallow Insula and Summerville soils where

bedrock is less than 40 inches deep, small areas of

rock outcrops near Insula and Summerville soils, and

areas of sandy Adams soils and gravelly Waddington

soils where flowing water deposited small pockets of

sand and gravel. Included areas range to 6 acres and

make up about 20 percent of this unit.

Important properties of the Pyrities soil—

Permeability: Moderate in the surface layer and subsoil

and moderately slow or slow in the substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Moderate or high

Soil reaction: Moderately acid to neutral in the surface

layer, slightly acid to slightly alkaline in the subsoil,

and slightly acid to moderately alkaline in the

subsoil

Erosion hazard: Severe

Depth to water table: More than 6 feet

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Most areas of this soil are wooded. A few areas are

used for pasture. Some areas are reverting to brush or

woodland.

This soil is poorly suited to cultivated crops or hay.

Surface stones severely impede use of tillage,

planting, and harvesting equipment. Erosion is a

severe hazard.

This soil is poorly suited to pasture. Surface stones

severely hinder use of equipment needed to improve

and maintain pasture. Proper stocking rates and brush

control are management concerns. Overgrazing can

diminish quantity and quality of forage plants and can

cause an erosion hazard.

Potential productivity for sugar maple on this soil is

high. Moderately steep slopes and surface stones are

moderate limitations for equipment use. Erosion is a

hazard where logging or road construction exposes

the soil. Constructing skid trails and logging roads on

the contour and avoiding clearcutting help to control

erosion.

Moderately steep slopes are the main limitation to

use of this soil as a site for dwellings with basements.

On these excessive slopes, excavation and grading for

most dwelling designs are difficult. Erosion is a hazard

on building sites where the soil is exposed. Designing

the house to conform to steep slopes or siting the

house on nearby or included, less sloping areas help

to overcome slope. Limiting the area that construction

activities disturb and establishing stabilizing vegetation

on the site as soon as possible help to control erosion.

Slope is a severe limitation to use of this soil as a

site for local roads and streets. Constructing roads on

the contour, land shaping and grading, and adapting

road design to slope help to overcome this limitation.

Special care is needed to prevent gullying in areas

where culverts empty out. Stabilizing cut and fill slopes

with vegetation as soon as possible after construction

helps to control erosion. An alternative is to reroute

roads to nearby or included, less sloping areas.

Moderately slow permeability and slope are the

main limitations to use of this soil as a site for septic

tank absorption fields. Enlarging the absorption field

and placing a wide, deep trench below the distribution

lines help to compensate for moderately slow

permeability. Land shaping and installing distribution

lines across the slope help to ensure uniform

distribution of effluent throughout the absorption field.

An alternative is to place the absorption field on

nearby or included soils, such as Pyrities soils, that

are less sloping than the Pyrites soil.

The capability subclass is 6s. The forestland

ordination symbol is 3R.

PyB—Pyrities fine sandy loam, 3 to 8

percent slopes, rocky

This is a very deep, gently sloping, well drained soil

on convex tops and upper side slopes of bedrockcontrolled hills and ridges on glacial till plains. Rock

outcrops cover from 0.1 to 2 percent of the surface.

Most areas are irregular in shape and 6 to 20 acres,

but the range is 6 to 50 acres.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Pyrities soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 8 inches, dark brown fine sandy loam

Subsoil:

8 to 30 inches, brown fine sandy loam

30 to 40 inches, brown gravelly fine sandy loam

Substratum:
St. Lawrence County, New York 189

40 to 72 inches, brown gravelly fine sandy loam

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas

of moderately well drained Kalurah soils and

somewhat poorly drained Malone soils in slightly

concave areas. Also included are moderately deep

Nehasne soils and shallow Insula and Summerville

soils near rock outcrops and areas of sandy Adams

soils and gravelly Waddington soils where flowing

water deposited small pockets of sand and gravel.

Included areas range to 6 acres and make up about

20 percent of this unit.

Important properties of the Pyrities soil—

Permeability: Moderate in the surface layer and subsoil

and moderately slow or slow in the substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Moderate or high

Soil reaction: Moderately acid to neutral in the surface

layer, slightly acid to slightly alkaline in the subsoil,

and slightly acid to moderately alkaline in the

substratum

Erosion hazard: Moderate

Depth to water table: More than 6 feet

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Most areas of this soil are used for pasture and hay.

A few areas are in cultivated crops.

This soil is poorly suited to cultivated crops. Rock

outcrops can distort traffic patterns and hinder

cultivating, planting, and harvesting equipment.

Erosion is a hazard, especially on longer, steeper

slopes. Included shallow soils near rock outcrops are

droughty and generally unproductive. Conservation

tillage, cover cropping, contour plowing, and a crop

rotation that emphasizes sod crops help to control

erosion, to reduce nutrient loss, and to maintain or

restore soil tilth. Adding lime and fertilizer according to

soil tests helps to improve crop yields. Periodic stone

removal is needed to prevent excessive wear on

machinery.

This soil is fairly suited to hay and pasture. Rock

outcrops distort traffic patterns and hinder equipment

use. Overgrazing can cause loss of desired plants,

especially in dry summers. Close monitoring of

pasture conditions is needed to determine proper

stocking rates and pasture rotations. Sufficient

applications of fertilizer and lime and annual, regular

mowing help to maintain productive stands.

Potential productivity for sugar maple on this soil is

high. Machine planting of seedlings is hampered in

areas around rock outcrops. Otherwise, there are few

limitations to planting, harvesting, or managing

woodlots on this soil.

Rock outcrops and adjacent, shallow inclusions are

the main limitations to use of this soil as a site for

dwellings with basements. Digging test pits helps in

siting dwellings on the deeper Pyrities soil, away from

included, shallow Insula and Summerville soils, which

have severe limitations. Deeper areas of the Pyrities

soil are well suited to dwellings with basements.

Potential for frost action is a moderate limitation to

use of this soil as a site for local roads and streets.

Providing coarser grained subgrade or base material

to frost depth helps to prevent frost action from

damaging pavement. Routing roads and streets on the

deeper soils in this unit and avoiding rock outcrops

help to minimize blasting.

Slow permeability in the substratum is the main

limitation to use of this soil as a site for septic tank

absorption fields. Enlarging the absorption field and

placing a wide, deep trench below the distribution lines

help to compensate for slow permeability.

Slow permeability in the substratum and shallow

inclusions around rock outcrops are the main

limitations to use of this soil as a site for septic tank

absorption fields. Digging preliminary test pits help in

siting septic fields in deeper areas of this unit, away

from included areas of Insula and Summerville soils,

where depth to bedrock is a severe limitation.

The capability subclass is 6s. The forestland

ordination symbol is 3A.

PyC—Pyrities fine sandy loam, 8 to 15

percent slopes, rocky

This is a very deep, strongly sloping, well drained

soil on side slopes and rolling tops of bedrockcontrolled hills and ridges on glacial till plains. Rock

outcrops cover from 0.1 to 2 percent of the surface.

Most areas are irregular in shape and are 6 to 20

acres, but the range is 6 to 50 acres.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Pyrities soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 8 inches, dark brown fine sandy loam

Subsoil:

8 to 30 inches, brown fine sandy loam

30 to 40 inches, brown gravelly fine sandy loam

Substratum:

40 to 72 inches, brown gravelly fine sandy loam

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

moderately well drained Kalurah soils and somewhat
190 Soil Survey

poorly drained Malone soils in slightly concave areas.

Also included are moderately deep Nehasne soils and

shallow Insula and Summerville soils near rock

outcrops and areas of sandy Adams soils and gravelly

Waddington soils where flowing water deposited small

pockets of sand and gravel. Included areas range to 6

acres and make up about 20 percent of this unit.

Important properties of the Pyrities soil—

Permeability: Moderate in the surface layer and subsoil

and moderately slow or slow in the substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Moderate or high

Soil reaction: Moderately acid to neutral in the surface

layer, slightly acid to slightly alkaline in the subsoil,

and slightly acid to moderately alkaline in the

substratum

Erosion hazard: Severe

Depth to water table: More than 6 feet

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Most areas of this soil are used for pasture or hay.

This soil is poorly suited to cultivated crops. Rock

outcrops distort traffic patterns and hinder cultivating,

planting, and harvesting equipment. Erosion is a

severe hazard, especially on longer and steeper

slopes. Areas of included shallow soils adjacent to

rock outcrops are droughty and generally

unproductive. Conservation tillage, stripcropping,

contour plowing, and crop rotations that emphasize

sod crops help to control erosion, to reduce nutrient

loss, and to maintain or restore soil tilth. Adding lime

and fertilizer according to soil tests helps to improve

crop yields. Periodic stone removal is needed to

prevent excessive wear on machinery.

This soil is fairly suited to hayland and pasture.

Rock outcrops distort traffic patterns and hinder

mechanized operations. Overgrazing can cause loss

of stabilizing vegetation and excessive erosion. Close

monitoring of pasture conditions is helpful in

establishing proper stocking rates and pasture

rotations to maintain pasture seedlings and to

conserve soil. Sufficient applications of fertilizer and

lime and annual, regular mowing help to maintain

productive stands.

Potential productivity for trees on this soil is high.

Machine planting of seedlings is hampered in areas

around rock outcrops. Otherwise, there are few

limitations to planting, harvesting, or managing

woodlots on this soil.

Excessive slope and rock outcrops are the main

limitations to use of this soil as a site for dwellings with

basements. Designing structures to conform to the

natural slope or land shaping and filling help to

overcome slope. Digging test pits is helpful in siting

dwellings on the deeper Pyrities soil, away from

included, shallow Insula and Summerville soils, which

have severe limitations.

Slope and potential for frost action are moderate

limitations to use of this soil as a site for local roads

and streets. Constructing roads on the contour, land

shaping and grading, and adapting road design to

slope help to overcome this limitation. Providing

coarser grained subgrade or base material to frost

depth helps to prevent frost action from damaging

pavement. Routing roads and streets to deeper areas

and avoiding rock outcrops help to minimize blasting.

Slow permeability in the substratum and shallow

inclusions around rock outcrops are the main

limitations to use of this soil as a site for septic tank

absorption fields. Enlarging the absorption field and

placing a wide, deep trench below the distribution lines

help to compensate for the slow permeability. Digging

preliminary test pits helps in siting septic fields in

deeper areas of this unit, away from included areas of

Insula and Summerville soils, where depth to bedrock

is a severe limitation.

The capability subclass is 6s. The forestland

ordination symbol is 3A.

PzC—Pyrities and Kalurah soils, 8 to 15

percent slopes, very stony

This map unit consists of very deep, strongly

sloping soils on glacial till plains. Typically, well drained

Pyrities soils are on upper side slopes and on convex

knolls and hilltops, and moderately well drained

Kalurah soils are on lower side slopes and broad

hilltops and benches. Stones 3 to 25 feet apart and

boulders cover 0.1 to 3 percent of the surface. Most

areas are irregular in shape and are 6 to 30 acres, but

the range is 6 to 50 acres. Slopes generally are

simple. Some areas consist almost entirely of either

Pyrities or Kalurah soils, and some areas consist of

both. These soils have similar interpretations for most

uses because many stones are on the surface, so

they were not separated in mapping. The unit is about

50 percent Pyrities soils, 30 percent Kalurah soils, and

20 percent other soils.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of Pyrities soils—

Surface layer:

0 to 8 inches, dark brown fine sandy loam

Subsoil:
St. Lawrence County, New York 191

8 to 30 inches, brown fine sandy loam

30 to 40 inches, brown gravelly fine sandy loam

Substratum:

40 to 72 inches, brown gravelly fine sandy loam

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of Kalurah soils—

Surface layer:

0 to 11 inches, dark brown fine sandy loam

Subsoil:

11 to 24 inches, brown fine sandy loam

24 to 47 inches, brown gravelly fine sandy loam

Substratum:

47 to 72 inches, dark yellowish brown gravelly fine

sandy loam

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

somewhat poorly drained Malone soils and very poorly

drained Runeberg soils on footslopes, along

drainageways, and in other concave areas. Also

included are small areas of moderately deep Nehasne

soils and shallow Insula and Summerville soils where

bedrock is less than 40 inches deep, small areas of

rock outcrops, and areas of sandy Adams soils and

gravelly Waddington soils on knolls and small ridges

where flowing water deposited small pockets of sand

and gravel. Small areas free of surface stones are

scattered throughout this map unit. Included areas

range to 6 acres and make up about 20 percent of this

unit.

Important properties of Pyrities soils—

Permeability: Moderate in the surface layer and subsoil

and moderately slow or slow in the substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Moderate or high

Soil reaction: Moderately acid to neutral in the surface

layer, slightly acid to slightly alkaline in the subsoil,

and slightly acid to moderately alkaline in the

substratum

Erosion hazard: Severe

Depth to water table: More than 6 feet

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flood hazard: None

Important properties of Kalurah soils—

Permeability: Moderate in the surface layer,

moderately slow in the subsoil, and slow in the

substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Moderate or high

Soil reaction: Moderately acid to neutral in the surface

layer, slightly acid or neutral in the subsoil, and

neutral to moderately alkaline in the substratum

Erosion hazard: Severe

Depth to water table: From a depth of 1.5 to 2 feet

from November to May

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Most areas of these soils are wooded or are used

as unimproved pasture. Some abandoned pastures

are reverting to brush or woodland.

These soils are poorly suited to cultivated crops

because of numerous surface stones and a severe

erosion hazard. Surface stones severely impede use

of tillage, planting, and harvesting equipment.

These soils are poorly suited to pasture. Surface

stones severely hinder use of equipment needed to

improve and maintain pasture. Proper stocking rates

and brush control are management concerns. Grazing

these soils when wet causes surface compaction.

Overgrazing can diminish quantity and quality of

forage plants and can cause an erosion hazard.

Potential productivity for sugar maple on these soils

is high. In some areas surface stones hinder machine

planting. Otherwise, these soils have few management

concerns.

The seasonal high water table on Kalurah soils is

the main limitation and excessive slope is a moderate

limitation to use of these soils as a site for dwellings

with basements. Installing drains by footings help to

lower the water table. Adequately sealing foundations

helps to prevent wet basements. In some areas

clearing the surface of stones is needed to establish a

lawn on this unit. Adopting housing designs that

conform to slope helps to overcome this limitation.

Potential for frost action and excessive slope are

the main limitations to use of these soils as a site for

local roads and streets. Providing coarser grained

subgrade or base material to frost depth helps to

prevent frost action from damaging pavement. Building

roads and streets on the contour helps to overcome

excessive slope. An alternative is to select as a site for

local roads and streets Pyrities soils, which are

subject to less frost action than Kalurah soils.

Slow permeability in the substratum on Kalurah and

Pyrities soils and the seasonal high water table on

Kalurah soils are the main limitations to use of these

soils as a site for septic tank absorption fields. Slow

permeability and wetness can cause effluent from

absorption fields to seep out at the surface. Enlarging

the absorption field and placing a wide, deep trench

below the distribution lines help to compensate for
192 Soil Survey

slow permeability. Installing a drainage system around

the filter field helps to reduce wetness.

The capability subclass is 6s for Pyrities and

Kalurah soils. The forestland ordination symbol is 3A

for Pyrities soils and 4A for Kalurah soils.

QwB—Quetico-Rock outcrop-Insula

complex, 0 to 8 percent slopes

This map unit consists of nearly level to gently

sloping soils and areas of Rock outcrop on slight

knolls and on bedrock-controlled glacial till plains.

Rock outcrops are scattered throughout the unit, but

are most prevalent in the higher parts. Areas of this

unit are either irregular in shape or are elongated with

a northeast-southwest orientation. Areas are 6 to 50

acres, but the range is 6 to more than 100 acres. The

unit is about 55 percent very shallow, somewhat

excessively drained Quetico soils, 15 percent areas of

Rock outcrop, 15 percent shallow Insula soil, and 15

percent other soils. The Quetico soil, areas of Rock

outcrop, and the Insula soil are intermingled so closely

that they could not be separated at the scale selected

for mapping.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Quetico soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 1 inch, black moderately decomposed organic

matter

1 to 3 inches, brown loam

Subsoil:

3 to 5 inches, dark reddish brown loam

5 to 8 inches, reddish brown loam

Bedrock:

8 inches, sandstone

Rock outcrops in this unit are mostly acidic bedrock;

they are sandstone, granite, and their metamorphosed

counterparts.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Insula soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 1 inch, slightly decomposed leaf litter

1 to 3 inches, black highly decomposed organic

material

Subsoil:

3 to 16 inches, brown gravelly fine sandy loam

Bedrock:

16 inches

Included with these soils and rock outcrops in

mapping are short bedrock escarpments. Also

included are small areas of fine-textured Muskellunge,

Matoon, and Adjidaumo soils in small troughs where

silty and clayey sediments accumulated in stillwater;

some areas of high-lime rock outcrops intermingled

with acidic rock outcrops; and areas of limestone and

marble rock outcrops, shallow, high-lime Summerville

soils, and moderately deep Nehasne soils. Also

included are areas, notably along the border of

Jefferson County, where the soils are warmer, usually

by less than 2 degrees. Included areas range to 6

acres and make up about 15 percent of this unit.

Important properties of the Quetico soil—

Permeability: Moderate throughout the mineral soil

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Very low

Soil reaction: Very strongly acid or strongly acid

throughout

Erosion hazard: Moderate

Depth to water table: More than 6 feet throughout the

year

Depth to bedrock: 4 to 10 inches

Potential for frost action: Low

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Important properties of the Insula soil—

Permeability: Moderately rapid throughout the mineral

soil

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Very low or low

Soil Reaction: Very strongly acid to slightly acid

throughout

Erosion hazard: Moderate

Depth to water table: More than 6 feet

Depth to bedrock: 10 to 20 inches

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Shrink swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Most areas of these soils and rock outcrops are in

woodland or brush. Some areas are used for pasture.

These soils are unsuited to cultivated crops. Rock

outcrops obstruct use of tillage and harvesting

equipment. In addition, the Quetico and Insula soils

are very droughty during much of the growing season,

and growth of most crops is severely limited.

These soils are poorly suited to hay and pasture.

Rock outcrops severely hinder use of most farm

equipment. The soils tend to be droughty in summer,

and overgrazing is a hazard on pasture. Overgrazing

causes loss of desired plants and leads to excessive

erosion in more sloping areas of the unit. Proper
St. Lawrence County, New York 193

stocking rates and brush control are management

concerns.

Potential productivity for trees on these soils is low.

In some areas rock outcrops impede use of planting

and logging equipment. The seedling mortality rate is

severe because the soils tend to be droughty. Planting

seedlings in spring while the soil is still moist helps to

increase the rate of seedling survival. Shallow or very

shallow depth to bedrock restricts root development of

trees, and the windthrow hazard is severe. Minimizing

thinning and selecting naturally shallow-rooted trees

help to reduce windthrow.

Depth to bedrock is a severe limitation to use of

these soils as a site for dwellings with basements.

Building above bedrock and landscaping with

additional fill help to overcome this limitation. An

alternative is to build on included or nearby, deeper

soils.

Very shallow or shallow depth to bedrock is a

severe limitation to use of these soils as a site for local

roads and streets. Laying out grades and routes of

roads to avoid rock outcrops helps to minimize rock

removal. Some areas, however, need to be blasted.

This soil is unsuitable as a site for conventional

septic tank absorption fields because of shallow or

very shallow depth to bedrock. The absorption field

could be placed on included or nearby soils that are

better suited to this use.

The capability subclass is 7s for the Quetico soil.

Rock outcrop and the Insula soil were not assigned a

capability subclass. The forestland ordination symbol

is 2D for the Quetico and Insula soils. Rock outcrop

was not assigned an ordination symbol.

RaA—Raquette sandy loam, 0 to 3

percent slopes

This is a very deep, nearly level, somewhat

excessively drained soil formed in water-sorted

materials on terraces and deltas and on tops of kames

and moraines on uplands. Most areas are elongated,

have irregular margins, and range from 6 to 25 acres.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Raquette soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 9 inches, very dark grayish brown and dark brown

sandy loam

Subsoil:

9 to 19 inches, brown sandy loam

19 to 25 inches, very dark grayish brown and dark

brown gravelly loamy sand

Substratum:

25 to 72 inches, brown very gravelly loamy coarse

sand

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

moderately well drained Heuvelton and Depeyster

soils that are on footslopes and that have a higher clay

content than Raquette soils. Also included are sandy

and gravelly Waddington soils where the gravel

content in the surface layer and the subsoil is higher

than that in the Raquette soil, some small areas of the

less gravelly Adams soils, and small areas of loamy,

well drained Grenville soils and moderately well

drained Hogansburg soils on side slopes of ridges and

hills. In a few places small areas of exposed bedrock

are included. Included areas range to 6 acres and

make up about 20 percent of this unit.

Important properties of the Raquette soil—

Permeability: Moderately rapid or rapid in the surface

layer and subsoil and very rapid in the substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Low or moderate

Soil reaction: Moderately acid to neutral in the surface

layer, slightly acid to slightly alkaline in the upper

part of the subsoil, neutral or slightly alkaline in

the lower part of the subsoil, and neutral to

moderately alkaline in the substratum

Erosion hazard: Slight

Depth to water table: More than 6 feet

Depth to rock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: Low

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Most areas of this soil are cultivated. Other areas

are used for pasture or are wooded. A few areas are

mined for sand and gravel.

This soil is suited to cultivated crops. The soil may

be droughty during dry periods in summer because of

low or moderate water holding capacity. Returning

crop residue and adding other organic matter to the

soil help to improve water holding capacity.

Conservation tillage and crop rotations that include

sod crops help to control erosion, to enhance the

water holding capacity of the soil, and to improve or

restore soil tilth. Adding lime and fertilizer in multiple,

small increments according to soil tests helps to

maintain or increase productivity of crops.

This soil is well suited to hay and pasture. Plants

may be subject to moisture stress during dry periods

because of low or moderate water holding capacity.

Adding organic matter to the soil helps to improve

water holding capacity. Proper stocking rates,

rotational grazing, and additions of lime and fertilizer

help to maintain populations of desirable plant species.
194 Soil Survey

Potential productivity for white pine on this soil is

moderate or high. There are no limitations to woodland

use and management.

This soil has few limitations to use as a site for

dwellings with basements. Cutbanks caving in is a

hazard during construction. For personal safety, before

deep, narrow excavations are entered cutbanks need

to be shored up and buttressed to prevent cave-ins.

This soil has few limitations to use as a site for local

roads and streets. Very rapid permeability in the

substratum is a severe limitation to use of this soil as a

site for septic tank absorption fields. The soil is a poor

filter of effluent, and ground-water contamination is a

hazard. An alternative is to place the septic system on

included or nearby soils, such as Grenville soils, that

are better suited to this use.

The capability subclass is 2s. The forestland

ordination symbol is 8A.

RaB—Raquette sandy loam, 3 to 8

percent slopes

This is a very deep, gently sloping, somewhat

excessively drained soil formed in water-sorted

materials on terraces and deltas and on tops of kames

and moraines on uplands. Most areas are elongated,

have irregular margins, and range from 6 to 25 acres.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Raquette soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 9 inches, very dark grayish brown and dark brown

sandy loam

Subsoil:

9 to 19 inches, brown sandy loam

19 to 25 inches, very dark grayish brown and dark

brown gravelly loamy sand

Substratum:

25 to 72 inches, brown very gravelly loamy coarse

sand

Included with this soil in mapping, on footslopes

and benches, are some small areas of moderately well

drained Heuvelton and Depeyster soils that have a

higher clay content than Raquette soils. Also included

are small areas of Waddington soils where the gravel

content is higher than that in the Raquette soil; some

small areas of less gravelly Adams soils; and areas of

loamy, well drained Grenville soils and moderately well

drained Pyrities soils on saddles and shoulders of

ridges and hills. A few areas of rock outcrops are also

included. Included areas range to 6 acres and make

up about 20 percent of this unit.

Important properties of the Raquette soil—

Permeability: Moderately rapid or rapid in the

surface layer and subsoil and very rapid in the

substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Low or moderate

Soil reaction: Moderately acid to neutral in the surface

layer, slightly acid to slightly alkaline in the upper

part of the subsoil, neutral to slightly alkaline in the

lower part of the subsoil, and neutral to

moderately alkaline in the substratum

Erosion hazard: Moderate

Depth to water table: More than 6 feet

Depth to rock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: Low

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Most areas of this soil are cultivated. Other areas

are used for pasture or are wooded. A few areas are

mined for sand and gravel.

This soil is suited to cultivated crops. The soil may

be droughty during dry periods in summer because of

low or moderate water holding capacity. Erosion is a

hazard on longer, steeper slopes. Returning crop

residues and adding other organic matter to the soil

help to improve water holding capacity. Conservation

tillage, stripcropping, and crop rotations that

emphasize sod crops help to control erosion, to

enhance water holding capacity of the soil, and to

improve or restore soil tilth. Adding lime and fertilizer in

multiple, small increments according to soil tests helps

to maintain or increase productivity of crops.

This soil is well suited to hay and pasture. Plants on

these soils may be subject to moisture stress during

dry periods because of low or moderate water holding

capacity. Adding organic matter to the soil helps to

improve water holding capacity. Overgrazing can

diminish the vegetative cover and can cause an

erosion hazard. Close monitoring of pasture

conditions, maintaining proper stocking rates, and

rotational grazing help to maintain pasture seeding

and to control erosion.

Potential productivity for white pine on this soil is

moderate or high. There are no limitations to woodland

use and management.

This soil has few limitations to use as a site for

dwellings with basements. Cutbanks caving in is a

hazard during construction. For personal safety, before

deep, narrow excavations are entered cutbanks need

to be shored up and buttressed to prevent cave-ins.

This soil has few limitations to use as a site for local

roads and streets.

Very rapid permeability in the substratum is a
St. Lawrence County, New York 195

severe limitation to use of this soil as a site for septic

tank absorption fields. The soil is a poor filter of

effluent, and ground-water contamination is a hazard.

An alternative is to place the septic system on

included or nearby soils, such as Grenville soils, that

are better suited to this use.

The capability subclass is 2s. The forestland

ordination symbol is 8A.

RaC—Raquette sandy loam, 8 to 15

percent slopes

This is a very deep, strongly sloping, somewhat

excessively drained soil formed in water-sorted

materials on side slopes of deltas, terraces,

kames, and moraines on uplands. Most areas are

elongated, have irregular margins, and range from

6 to 25 acres.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Raquette soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 9 inches, very dark grayish brown and dark brown

sandy loam

Subsoil:

9 to 19 inches, brown sandy loam

19 to 25 inches, very dark grayish brown and dark

brown gravelly loamy sand

Substratum:

25 to 72 inches, brown very gravelly loamy coarse

sand

Included with this soil in mapping, on footslopes

and benches, are small areas of moderately well

drained Heuvelton and Depeyster soils, which have a

higher clay content than Raquette soils. Also included

are some small areas of more gravelly Waddington

soils; areas of loamy, well drained Grenville soils and

moderately well drained Hogansburg soils on

backslopes of ridges and hills; and some small areas

of exposed bedrock. Included areas range to 6 acres

and make up about 20 percent of this unit.

Important properties of the Raquette soil—

Permeability: Moderately rapid or rapid in the surface

layer and subsoil and very rapid in the substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Low or moderate

Soil reaction: Moderately acid to neutral in the surface

layer, slightly acid to slightly alkaline in the upper

part of the subsoil, neutral to slightly alkaline in the

lower part of the subsoil, and neutral to

moderately alkaline in the substratum

Erosion hazard: Severe

Depth to water table: More than 6 feet

Depth to rock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: Low

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Most areas of this soil are used for hay, pasture, or

cultivated crops. Some areas are wooded. A few areas

are mined for gravel.

This soil is poorly suited to cultivated crops

because erosion is a severe hazard. Crop rotations

that emphasize sod crops, conservation tillage,

contour tillage, and stripcropping help to control

erosion. The soil is droughty because of low or

moderate available water capacity. Returning crop

residue and adding organic matter to the soil help to

improve water-holding capacity. Adding lime and

fertilizer according to soil tests helps to improve crop

yields.

This soil is fairly well suited to hay and pasture.

Erosion is a severe hazard if overgrazing diminishes

the vegetative cover. Close monitoring of pasture

conditions, maintaining proper stocking rates, and

rotational grazing help to maintain pasture seeding

and to control erosion. Plants on these soils may be

subject to moisture stress during prolonged dry

periods. Returning crop residue and adding organic

matter to the soil help to improve water holding

capacity.

Potential productivity for white pine on this soil is

moderate or high. Slope is a moderate limitation for

equipment use.

Slope is a moderate limitation to use of this soil as a

site for dwellings with basements. Designing the

structure to conform to slope and land shaping and

grading help to overcome strongly sloping slopes.

Cutbanks caving in is a hazard during construction.

For personal safety, before deep, narrow excavations

are entered cutbanks need to be shored up and

buttressed to prevent cave-ins.

Excessive slope is a moderate limitation to

use of this soil as a site for local roads and streets.

Constructing roads on the contour and land

shaping and grading help to overcome this

limitation.

Very rapid permeability in the substratum is a

severe limitation to use of this soil as a site for septic

tank absorption fields. The soil is a poor filter of

effluent, and ground-water contamination is a hazard.

An alternative is to use, if possible, included or nearby

soils, such as Grenville soils, that are better suited to

this use.

The capability subclass is 3e. The forestland

ordination symbol is 8A.
196 Soil Survey

Rd—Redwater fine sandy loam

This is a deep, somewhat poorly drained soil

formed in recent alluvium on flood plains along

streams where bedrock controls the stream gradient.

Slopes range from 0 to 3 percent. Most areas are long

and narrow and parallel to streams or are irregular in

shape, and range from 6 to 20 acres.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Redwater soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 7 inches, very dark grayish brown fine sandy loam

Subsoil:

7 to 30 inches, dark brown fine sandy loam

30 to 38 inches, very dark grayish brown and dark

brown fine sandy loam

Substratum:

38 to 50 inches, grayish brown and light brownish gray

fine sandy loam

Bedrock:

50 inches, hard limestone bedrock

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

Fluvaquents and Udifluvents at the edge of streams.

Also included are small areas of Borosaprists and

Fluvaquents in narrow troughs or slackwater areas;

finer textured Cornish soils where silt and very fine

sand dominate the alluvium; and some places, notably

along the border of Jefferson County, where the soils

are warmer than normal, usually by less than 2

degrees. Included areas range to 6 acres and make up

about 20 percent of this unit.

Important properties of the Redwater soil—

Permeability: Moderate in the surface layer and subsoil

and moderately rapid or rapid in the substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): High

Soil reaction: Strongly acid to slightly acid in the

surface layer and slightly acid or neutral in the

subsoil and the substratum

Erosion hazard: Slight

Depth to water table: At a depth of 0.5 to 1.5 feet from

November to May

Depth to bedrock: 40 to 60 inches

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: Frequent

Most areas of this soil are used for hay and pasture.

Some areas are woodland or brushland. A few areas

are in cultivated crops.

This soil is poorly suited to cultivated crops

because of flooding and the seasonal high water table.

Flooding or wet soil conditions frequently delay

planting. Some fields are littered with flotsam, stones,

or trash left from stranded ice. Cover crops or sod

crops in the cropping system help to protect the

surface from scouring during flooding. Tree borders

and green strips along streams help to stabilize

streambanks.

This soil is fairly suited to hay and pasture. Grazing

when this soil is wet causes surface compaction.

Restricting stock from pasture in early spring and

during other wet periods helps to prevent surface

compaction and to maintain good soil tilth. The

seasonal high water table limits root growth of

some legumes. Installing subsurface drainage and

selecting naturally shallow-rooted, water-tolerant

grasses and legumes help to increase productivity

of pasture and hay. Protecting streambanks with

fences and tree borders helps to control streambank

erosion.

Potential productivity for red maple on this soil is

moderate. Flooding and the seasonal high water table

can impede heavy equipment use in spring and during

other wet periods.

This soil is poorly suited to dwellings with

basements. Flooding and wetness are severe

limitations to use of this soil as a site for dwellings with

basements. An alternative is to use nearby, bettersuited soils, such as Adams soils.

Wetness, flooding, and potential for frost action are

severe limitations to use of this soil as a site for local

roads and streets. Constructing roads on raised fill

material and installing a drainage system help to

compensate for wetness and flooding. Providing

coarser grained subgrade or base material to frost

depth helps to prevent frost action from damaging

pavement.

This soil is poorly suited to use as a site for septic

tank absorption fields because of flooding, wetness,

and rapid permeability in the substratum. In general,

an alternative is to place the absorption field on better

suited soils, such as nearby Adams soils, that have

fewer limitations to this use.

The capability subclass is 3w. The forestland

ordination symbol is 3W.

RoA—Roundabout silt loam, 0 to 2

percent slopes

This is a very deep, nearly level, poorly drained soil

formed in deposits of silt and very fine sand in low

positions in level areas of lake plains or on floors of

small valleys surrounded by bedrock-controlled

uplands. Most areas of this soil are irregular in shape.
St. Lawrence County, New York 197

Areas are 6 to 30 acres, but the range is 6 to more

than 100 acres.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Roundabout soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 10 inches, very dark grayish brown silt loam

Subsoil:

10 to 17 inches, brown silt loam

17 to 31 inches, grayish brown silt loam

Substratum:

31 to 55 inches, light brownish gray silt loam

55 to 72 inches, grayish brown silt loam

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

finer textured, poorly drained and very poorly drained

Wegatchie soils in depressions and along streams.

Also included are moderately well drained Nicholville

soils on convex knolls and in other high areas of the

map unit, small areas of sandier textured Croghan and

Naumburg soils in sand deposits, and areas of finer

textured Hailesboro soils where the clay content in the

subsoil or the substratum is higher than that in the

Roundabout soil. Also included, on knolls or hills, are

small areas of loamy, moderately well drained Kalurah

soils or well drained Pyrities soils that have more rock

fragments. Also included are areas of shallow Insula

soils on small hills. Included areas range to 6 acres

and make up about 20 percent of this unit.

Important properties of the Roundabout soil—

Permeability: Moderate or moderately slow in the

surface layer and subsoil and moderately slow or

slow in the substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): High

Soil reaction: Very strongly acid to slightly acid in the

surface layer and the subsoil, moderately acid to

neutral in the substratum within a depth of 40

inches, and moderately acid to moderately

alkaline below that depth

Erosion hazard: Slight

Depth to water table: From the surface to a depth of 1

foot from November to May

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding Hazard: None

Most areas of this soil are used for hay or pasture.

Some areas are used for cultivated crops or are

wooded. Some farmed areas are idle and are reverting

to brush.

This soil is poorly suited to cultivated crops. The

seasonal high water table is a severe limitation for

growth of most crops and hinders timely planting and

harvesting operations. In some areas a combination

of subsurface drainage and diversion ditches to

intercept runoff from adjacent higher areas is needed

for good yields of cultivated crops. Applying lime and

fertilizer according to soil tests helps to increase

productivity.

This soil is poorly suited to hay and pasture. The

seasonal high water table restricts the root zone of

some plants, especially legumes. Selecting shallowrooted, water-tolerant grasses and legumes helps to

improve productivity. Grazing the soil when wet can

destroy the soil tilth. Restricting grazing during wet

periods and rotational grazing help to prevent surface

compaction and loss of soil tilth. Surface and

subsurface drainage helps to lower the water table

enough to permit growth of deeper-rooted forage

species and to extend the season when the soil is dry

enough to graze without destroying soil tilth.

Potential productivity for white pine on this soil is

low or moderate. Wetness hinders equipment use in

spring and during other wet periods. Logging is

feasible during drier periods or in winter when the

ground is frozen. Planting seedlings when the soil is

no longer wet but still moist helps to increase the rate

of seedling survival. The windthrow hazard is

moderate because the water table limits root

development. Minimizing thinning and planting

shallow-rooted varieties help to reduce windthrow.

The seasonal high water table is the main limitation

to use of this soil as a site for dwellings with

basements. Placing drains by footings and shaping the

land to move surface water away from the dwelling

help to lower the water table. Adequately sealing

foundations helps to prevent wet basements.

The seasonal high water table and potential for frost

action are the main limitations to use of this soil as a

site for local roads and streets. Constructing roads and

streets on raised fill material and installing a drainage

system help to reduce wetness. Providing coarser

grained subgrade or base material to frost depth helps

to prevent frost action from damaging pavement.

The seasonal high water table and slow

permeability are the main limitations to use of this soil

as a site for septic tank absorption fields. Installing a

drainage system around the filter field helps to lower

the water table. Enlarging the absorption field and

placing a wide, deep trench below the distribution lines

help to compensate for permeability. In some areas a

septic system with a special design is needed. An

alternative is to place the filter field on included or

nearby soils, such as Pyrities soils, that are better

suited to this use.
198 Soil Survey

The capability subclass is 4w. The forestland

ordination symbol is 9W.

RoB—Roundabout silt loam, 2 to 6

percent slopes

This is a very deep, gently sloping, poorly drained

soil formed in deposits of silt and very fine sand on

footslopes and terraces of lake plains or on gently

dissected floors of small valleys surrounded by

bedrock-controlled uplands. Most areas of this soil are

irregular in shape. Areas are 6 to 30 acres, but the

range is 6 to more than 100 acres.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Roundabout soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 10 inches, very dark grayish brown silt loam

Subsoil:

10 to 17 inches, brown silt loam

17 to 31 inches, grayish brown silt loam

Substratum:

31 to 55 inches, light brownish gray silt loam

55 to 72 inches, grayish brown silt loam

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

finer textured, poorly drained and very poorly drained

Wegatchie soils in depressions and along streams.

Also included are moderately well drained Nicholville

soils on convex knolls and in other high areas of the

map unit, small areas of sandier textured Croghan and

Naumburg soils in sand deposits, and areas of finer

textured Hailesboro soils where the clay content in

the subsoil or the substratum is higher than that in

the Roundabout soil. Also included, on knolls or hills,

are small areas of loamy, moderately well drained

Kalurah soils and well drained Pyrities soils that both

have more rock fragments than those in the

Roundabout soil. Also included are areas of shallow

Insula soils on small hills and some areas of soils that

are dominantly very fine sand in the subsoil. Included

areas range to 6 acres and make up about 20 percent

of this unit.

Important properties of the Roundabout soil—

Permeability: Moderate or moderately slow in the

surface layer and subsoil and moderately slow or

slow in the substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): High

Soil reaction: Very strongly acid to slightly acid in the

surface layer and the subsoil, moderately acid to

neutral in the substratum within a depth of 40

inches, and moderately acid to moderately

alkaline below that depth

Erosion hazard: Moderate

Depth to water table: From the surface to a depth of 1

foot from November to May

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Most areas of this soil are used for hay or pasture.

Some places are used for cultivated crops or are

wooded. Some farmed areas are idle and are reverting

to brush.

This soil is poorly suited to cultivated crops. The

seasonal high water table is a severe limitation to

growth of most crops; it hinders timely planting and

harvesting operations. Erosion is a hazard on longer,

steeper slopes. In some areas a combination of

subsurface drainage and diversion ditches to intercept

runoff from adjacent higher areas is needed for

satisfactory yields of cultivated crops. Conservation

tillage and crop rotations that emphasize sod crops

help to control erosion. Applying lime and fertilizer

according to soil tests helps to increase productivity.

This soil is fairly suited to hay and pasture. The

seasonal high water table restricts the root zone of

some plants, especially legumes. Draining the soil with

tile and open ditches help to improve productivity.

Grazing when the soil is wet causes surface

compaction and destroys plants. Overgrazing can

cause loss of pasture seeding and excessive erosion.

Close monitoring of pasture conditions, managing

stocking rates, and pasture rotations help to sustain

pasture seedlings and to control erosion. Deferred

grazing during wet periods; regular, adequate

applications of lime and fertilizer; annual mowing; and

weed and brush control help to maintain soil tilth and

to increase quantity and quality of feed and forage.

Potential productivity for white pine on this soil is

moderate. Wetness hinders equipment use in spring

and during other wet periods. Logging during drier

periods or in winter when the ground is frozen allows

use of equipment. Planting seedlings when the soil is

no longer wet but still moist helps to increase the rate

of seedling survival. The water table limits root

development and the windthrow hazard is moderate.

Minimizing thinning and planting shallow-rooted

species help to minimize windthrow.

The seasonal high water table is the main limitation

to use of this soil as a site for dwellings with

basements. Placing drains by footings and shaping the

land to move surface water away from the dwelling

help to lower the water table. Adequately sealing

foundations helps to prevent wet basements.
St. Lawrence County, New York 199

The seasonal high water table and potential for frost

action are the main limitations to use of this soil as a

site for local roads and streets. Constructing roads and

streets on raised fill material and installing a drainage

system help to compensate for wetness. Providing

coarser grained subgrade or base material to frost

depth helps to prevent frost action from damaging

pavement.

The seasonal high water table and slow

permeability are the main limitations to use of this soil

as a site for septic tank absorption fields. Installing a

drainage system around the filter field helps to lower

the water table. Enlarging the absorption field and

placing a wide, deep trench below the distribution lines

help to compensate for slow permeability. In some

areas a septic system with a special design is needed

on this soil. An alternative is to place the filter field on

included or nearby soils, such as Pyrities soils, that

are better suited to this use.

The capability subclass is 4w. The forestland

ordination symbol is 9W.

Rt—Runeberg loam

This is a very deep, poorly drained, nearly level soil

formed in glacial till deposits in low positions on till

plains and in wet pockets between hills and ridges on

uplands. The soil is nearly level and generally is on

slightly concave landforms. Slopes range from 0 to 2

percent. Most areas are irregular in shape and 6 to 20

acres, but the range is 6 to 50 acres.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Runeberg soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 10 inches, very dark brown loam

Subsoil:

10 to 24 inches, grayish brown sandy loam

Substratum:

24 to 72 inches, grayish brown sandy loam

Included with this unit in mapping are small areas of

finer textured Adjidaumo and Wegatchie soils where

marine or lacustrine silts and clays were deposited in

stillwater. Also included are small areas where

excessive stones are on the surface, areas of Dorval

muck where organic material has accumulated, and

areas of somewhat poorly drained Malone soils in

slightly higher topographic positions. Also included are

well drained Pyrities soils and moderately well drained

Kalurah soils on tops and sides of more prominent

ridges and hills and areas of sandy Deford and

Naumburg soils on broad terraces where flowing water

deposited sands. Inclusions range to 6 acres and

make up about 20 percent of this map unit.

Important properties of the Runeburg soil—

Permeability: Moderate in the surface layer,

moderately slow in the subsoil, and moderately

slow or slow in the substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): High

Soil reaction: Slightly acid or neutral in the surface

layer and the subsoil and slightly alkaline or

moderately alkaline in the substratum

Erosion hazard: Slight

Depth to water table: At a depth of 0.5 to 1.0 foot from

November to July

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Most areas of this soil are woodland, mainly of lowquality water-tolerant species. A few areas are used

for pasture. Some cleared areas are reverting to

brush.

This soil is poorly suited to cultivated crops. The

main limitation is the seasonal high water table, which

delays planting, interferes with harvesting, and limits

the growth of roots. Artificial drainage is needed in

managing this soil. Adding lime and fertilizer according

to soil tests helps to increase productivity.

This soil is poorly suited to hay and pasture. The

seasonal high water table restricts the root zone of

some plants, especially legumes. Selecting shallowrooted, water-tolerant forage species helps to improve

productivity. Grazing the soil when wet could cause

surface compaction and destruction of soil tilth.

Restricted grazing during wet periods and rotational

grazing help to prevent surface compaction and loss of

tilth. Surface and subsurface drainage help to lower

the water table enough to permit growth of deeperrooted forage species and to extend the season when

the soil is dry enough to graze without destroying tilth.

Potential productivity for red maple on this soil is

low or moderate. The soil is usually too wet for

machine planting of seedlings. Operating planting and

harvesting equipment on saturated soils causes

surface compaction. Logging in late summer when the

soil is relatively dry helps to reduce problems from

equipment use. The soil is saturated much of the year,

and the seedling mortality rate is severe. Planting

seedlings in midsummer so plants establish a root

system in relatively dry soil conditions helps to

improve the seedling survival rate. The seasonal high

water table limits the root zone of trees, and increases

the windthrow hazard, especially near open areas.
200 Soil Survey

Selecting shallow-rooted species and avoiding

clearcutting help to reduce windthrow.

The seasonal high water table is a severe limitation

to use of this soil as a site for dwellings with

basements. Placing drains by footings and shaping the

land to move surface water away from dwellings help

to lower the water table. Adequately sealing

foundations helps to prevent wet basements. A

general alternative is to build dwellings on better

suited soils.

The seasonal high water table and potential for frost

action are severe limitations to use of this soil as a site

for local roads and streets. Constructing roads on

raised fill material and installing a drainage system

help to compensate for wetness. Providing coarser

grained subgrade or base material to frost depth helps

to prevent frost action from damaging pavement.

The seasonal high water table and slow

permeability are severe limitations to use of this soil as

a site for septic tank absorption fields. Placing a

drainage system around the filter field and installing

diversions to intercept water from higher areas help to

lower the water table. Enlarging the absorption field

and placing a wide, deep trench below the distribution

lines help to compensate for the slow permeability. In

some areas a specially designed or unconventional

system is needed to overcome these limitations. An

alternative is to select nearby or included soils, such

as Pyrities soils, that are better suited to this use.

The capability subclass is 5w. The forestland

ordination symbol is 5W.

Ru—Runeberg loam, very stony

This is a very deep, poorly drained and very poorly

drained, nearly level soil formed in glacial till deposits

in low positions on till plains and in wet pockets

between hills and ridges on uplands. Stones 3 to 25

feet apart and boulders cover 0.1 to 3 percent of the

surface. The soil is nearly level and generally on

slightly concave landforms. Slopes range from 0 to 2

percent. Most areas are irregular in shape and 6 to 20

acres, but the range is 6 to 50 acres.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Runeberg soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 10 inches, very dark brown loam

Subsoil:

10 to 24 inches, grayish brown sandy loam

Substratum:

24 to 72 inches, grayish brown sandy loam

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

finer textured Adjidaumo and Wegatchie soils where

marine or lacustrine silts and clays were deposited in

stillwater. Also included are areas of Dorval muck

where organic material has accumulated, areas of

somewhat poorly drained Malone soils in slightly

higher topographic positions, and well drained Pyrities

soils and moderately well drained Kalurah soils on

tops and sides of more prominent ridges and hills.

Areas of Deford and Naumburg soils are included on

terraces where flowing water deposited sands. Also

included are a few areas that are extremely stony.

Inclusions range to 6 acres and make up about 20

percent of this map unit.

Important properties of the Runeberg soil—

Permeability: Moderate in the surface layer,

moderately slow in the subsoil, and moderately

slow or slow in the substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): High

Soil reaction: Slightly acid or neutral in the surface

layer and the subsoil and slightly alkaline or

moderately alkaline in the substratum

Depth to water table: At a depth of 0.5 to 1.0 feet from

November to July

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Most areas of this soil are woodland. Some cleared

areas are reverting to brush.

This soil is poorly suited to cultivated crops.

Numerous surface stones and soil wetness are the

main limitations. Stones prohibit use of most farm

equipment. The surface layer is saturated throughout

spring, and cultivation and planting are very difficult.

The seasonal high water table is a severe restriction to

the rooting depth of plants, and crops grow poorly at

best.

This soil is poorly suited to pasture. Surface stones

severely hinder use of equipment needed to improve

and maintain pasture. Proper stocking rates and brush

control are management concerns. Grazing these

soils when wet causes surface compaction.

Overgrazing diminishes quantity and quality of forage.

Potential productivity for red maple on this soil is

low or moderate. In some areas numerous stones on

the surface hinder machine planting. Operating

planting and harvesting equipment on saturated soils

causes surface compaction. Logging in late summer

when the soil is relatively dry reduces problems from

equipment use. The seedling mortality rate can be
St. Lawrence County, New York 201

excessive because of wetness. Timely planting when

the soil is moist but not wet and selecting adaptable

species help to reduce the seedling mortality rate. The

water table limits root development and the windthrow

hazard is moderate. Minimizing thinning and planting

shallow-rooted species help to reduce windthrow.

The seasonal high water table is a severe limitation

to use of this soil as a site for dwellings with

basements. Placing drains by footings and shaping the

land to move surface water away from the dwelling

help to lower the water table. Adequately sealing

foundations helps to prevent wet basements. A

general alternative is to build dwellings on better

suited soils.

The seasonal high water table and potential for frost

action are severe limitations to use of this soil as a site

for local roads and streets. Constructing roads on

raised fill material and installing a drainage system

help to lower the water table. Providing coarser

grained subgrade or base material to frost depth helps

to prevent frost action from damaging pavement.

The seasonal high water table and slow

permeability are severe limitations to use of this soil as

a site for septic tank absorption fields. Placing a

drainage system around the filter field and installing

diversions to intercept water from higher areas help to

lower the water table. Enlarging the absorption field

and placing a wide, deep trench below the distribution

lines help to compensate for slow permeability. In

some areas a specially designed or other alternate

system is needed to overcome wetness and

permeability. An alternative is to place the absorption

field on nearby or included soils, such as Pyrities soils,

that are better suited to this use.

The capability subclass is 5s. The forestland

ordination symbol is 3W.

SaB—Salmon very fine sandy loam, 2 to 6

percent slopes

This is a very deep, gently sloping, well drained soil

on benches on dissected lake plains and in small

valleys surrounded by bedrock-controlled uplands.

Areas of this soil are narrow and elongated or are

irregular in shape and range from 6 to 30 acres.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Salmon soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 6 inches, dark grayish brown very fine sandy loam

Subsurface layer:

6 to 13 inches, pinkish gray very fine sandy loam

Subsoil:

13 to 19 inches, strong brown very fine sandy loam

19 to 30 inches, yellowish brown silt loam

Substratum:

30 to 72 inches, yellowish brown silt loam

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

sandy Adams soils on tops of knolls. Also included are

areas of moderately well drained Nicholville soils on

footslopes of knolls and valley sides and poorly

drained and somewhat poorly drained Roundabout

soils in some low-lying areas. Included areas range to

6 acres and make up about 20 percent of this unit.

Important properties of the Salmon soil—

Permeability: Moderate throughout

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): High

Soil reaction: Extremely acid to moderately acid in the

surface layer and the subsoil and strongly acid to

slightly acid in the substratum

Erosion hazard: Moderate

Depth to water table: More than 6 feet

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Most areas of this soil are used for cultivated crops

or hay. A few areas are wooded.

This soil is well suited to cultivated crops. Erosion is

a severe hazard on longer slopes. Conservation

measures, such as crossslope tillage, stripcropping,

crop rotations that stress sod crops, and conservation

tillage, help to control erosion and to maintain or

restore tilth. Low soil reaction limits nutrients available

to plants; adding lime helps to improve soil reaction.

Adding fertilizer and lime according to soil tests helps

to increase productivity.

This soil is well suited to hay and pasture.

Restricting livestock from pasture in early spring and

during other wet periods helps to maintain good soil

tilth. Low soil reaction limits adaptability and

productivity of plant species; adding lime according to

soil tests helps to improve productivity. Overgrazing

can diminish desirable plant species and can cause a

severe erosion hazard on longer, steeper slopes.

Proper stocking rates, rotational grazing, yearly

mowing, and adding lime and fertilizer help to increase

quantity and quality of forage.

Potential productivity for sugar maple on this soil is

high. There are no limitations to woodland use and

management.

There are no limitations to use of this soil as a site

for dwellings with basements.

Potential for frost action is the main limitation to use
202 Soil Survey

of this soil as a site for local roads and streets.

Providing a coarser subgrade helps to prevent frost

action from heaving and buckling pavement.

Moderate permeability that results in a slow

percolation rate is the main limitation to use of this soil

as a site for septic tank absorption fields. Enlarging the

absorption field and placing a wide, deep trench below

the distribution lines help to compensate for the

moderate permeability. Some areas where the

substratum below a depth of 3 feet consists mainly of

very fine sand and fine sand are suited to this use.

The capability subclass is 2e. The forestland

ordination symbol is 3A.

SaC—Salmon very fine sandy loam,

rolling

This is a very deep, rolling, well drained soil on

hummocky benches on dissected lake plains and in

small valleys surrounded by bedrock-controlled

uplands. Areas of this soil are narrow and elongated or

are irregular in shape and are less than 20 acres, but

the range is 6 to 50 acres. Slopes are complex and

range from 5 to 15 percent.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Salmon soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 6 inches, dark grayish brown very fine sandy loam

Subsurface layer:

6 to 13 inches, pinkish gray very fine sandy loam

Subsoil:

13 to 19 inches, strong brown very fine sandy loam

19 to 30 inches, yellowish brown silt loam

Substratum:

30 to 72 inches, yellowish brown silt loam

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

sandy Adams soils on tops of knolls. Also included are

areas of moderately well drained Nicholville soils on

footslopes of knolls and valley sides, areas of poorly

drained and somewhat poorly drained Roundabout

soils in low-lying pockets, and small areas that have

steeper slopes. Included areas range to 6 acres and

make up about 20 percent of this unit.

Important properties of the Salmon soil—

Permeability: Moderate throughout

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): High

Soil reaction: Extremely acid to moderately acid in the

surface layer and the subsoil and strongly acid to

slightly acid in the substratum

Erosion hazard: Severe

Depth to water table: More than 6 feet throughout the

year

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Most areas of this soil are in hay or pasture. Some

areas are used for cultivated crops. A few areas are

wooded.

This soil is poorly suited to cultivated crops

because erosion is a severe hazard and the

topography is complex. Conservation measures, such

as crop rotations that stress sod crops and

conservation tillage, help to control erosion and to

maintain or restore tilth. In most areas some erosion

control practices, such as contour tillage,

stripcropping, and terraces, are impractical because of

the complex, choppy topography and included, steeper

sloping areas. Adding lime and fertilizer according to

soil tests helps to raise soil reaction and to increase

fertility.

This soil is well suited to hay and pasture.

Overgrazing can diminish desirable plant species and

can cause a severe erosion hazard. Rotational grazing

and proper stocking rates help to sustain quantity and

quality of forage and to control erosion. Reseeding

using conservation tillage practices also helps to

control erosion. Restricting livestock from pasture in

early spring and during other wet periods helps to

maintain good soil tilth. Low soil reaction limits

adaptable plant species and productivity. Adding lime

and fertilizer according to soil tests helps to increase

soil reaction and fertility.

Potential productivity for sugar maple on this soil is

high. Erosion is a hazard. Laying out logging roads on

the contour, building water bars to protect roads when

not in use, and routing roads and skid trails to less

sloping areas help to control erosion.

Excessive slope is a moderate limitation to use of

this soil as a site for dwellings with basements.

Dwellings can be designed to conform to the natural

slope. Land shaping can provide a more

accommodating building surface. Erosion is a hazard

when vegetation is removed from this soil. Controlling

runoff during construction and restoring vegetative

cover as soon as possible help to control erosion.

Potential for frost action is the main limitation to use

of this soil as a site for local roads and streets.

Providing coarser subgrade and revegetating

roadsides and cutbanks soon after construction help

to prevent frost action from heaving and buckling

pavement and sloughing cutbanks.

Moderate permeability and strongly sloping slopes
St. Lawrence County, New York 203

are the main limitations to use of this soil as a site for

septic tank absorption fields. Enlarging the absorption

field and placing a wide, deep trench below the

distribution lines help to compensate for the moderate

permeability. Laying out absorption lines on the

contour or using serial distribution helps to ensure

uniform distribution of effluent throughout the

absorption field; however, neither practice is practical

on complex topography.

The capability subclass is 3e. The forestland

ordination symbol is 3R.

Se—Searsport muck

This is a very deep, very poorly drained, nearly

level soil formed in deltaic or beach deposits in low

positions on glacial age deltas or beach plains. The

soil is nearly level and generally is on slightly concave

landforms. Slopes range from 0 to 3 percent. Most

areas of this soil are irregular in shape and are 10 to

50 acres, but the range is 6 to 200 acres.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Searsport soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 6 inches black muck

6 to 10 inches, black mucky fine sand

Subsurface layer:

10 to 12 inches, dark gray loamy fine sand

12 to 22 inches, gray loamy sand

Substratum:

22 to 34 inches, grayish brown loamy fine sand

34 to 72 inches, grayish brown, stratified fine sand,

gravely sand, and loamy sand

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

poorly drained and somewhat poorly drained

Roundabout soils where lacustrine silts were

deposited in stillwater. Also included are areas of

somewhat excessively drained and excessively

drained Adams soils, moderately drained Croghan

soils, and somewhat poorly drained and poorly

drained Naumburg soils on ridges and knolls and

in slightly higher areas. Also included are some

small areas of well drained Grenville and

Potsdam soils on small hills and ridges. Inclusions

range to 6 acres and make up about 20 percent of

this map unit.

Important properties of the Searsport soil—

Permeability: Moderately slow to moderately rapid in

the organic surface layer and rapid or very rapid

below

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Very low to moderate

Soil reaction: Very strongly acid to slightly acid

throughout

Erosion hazard: Low

Depth to water table: From 1 foot above the surface to

a depth of 1 foot below the surface from

September to July

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Shrink swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Most areas of this soil are in low-quality woodland.

A few areas are used for pasture. Some cleared areas

are reverting to brush.

This soil is poorly suited to cultivated crops.

Wetness is the main limitation. The surface layer is

saturated throughout spring, and cultivation and

planting are very difficult. The seasonal high water

table also severely restricts the rooting depth of plants,

and crops grow either poorly or not at all. Artificial

drainage will improve productivity and ease of

cultivation of this soil. However, the soil is in low

positions on the landscape and draining the soil may

be difficult because natural outlets are difficult to find.

This soil is poorly suited to hay and pasture. The

surface is saturated for much of the growing season,

and in most years stands of hay are not productive.

Drainage can improve productivity of this soil.

However, the soil is in low positions on the landscape

and in places natural outlets are not available. Grazing

when the soil is wet causes surface compaction.

Restricting stock from pasture when the soil is

saturated helps to maintain good tilth in the surface

layer. Fertilizing and mowing help to improve quality of

forage.

Potential productivity for white pine on this soil is

low. The seasonal high water table limits heavy

equipment use in spring and during other wet periods.

Logging when the surface is dry or in winter when it is

frozen reduces the problems from heavy equipment

use. The seedling mortality rate can be excessive

because of wetness. Timely planting when the soil is

moist but not wet and selecting adaptable varieties

help to reduce the seedling mortality rate. The water

table limits root development and the windthrow

hazard is moderate. Minimizing thinning and planting

shallow-rooted species help to reduce windthrow.

This soil is unsuitable to use as a site for dwellings

with basements because of ponding. Generally, an

alternative is to build dwellings on nearby soils, such

as excessively drained or somewhat excessively

drained Adams soils, that are better suited to this use.

The seasonal high water table is a severe limitation
204 Soil Survey

to use of this soil as a site for local roads and streets.

Constructing roads on raised fill material and installing

roadside ditches and culverts where needed help to

overcome the water table.

This soil is unsuitable to use as a site for septic tank

absorption fields. The seasonal high water table and

excessive permeability are the main limitations. In

some places a specially designed system

incorporating alternative technologies is needed to

overcome these limitations. An alternative is to select

included or nearby soils, such as Grenville soils, that

are better suited to this use.

The capability subclass is 5w. The forestland

ordination symbol is 6W.

Sg—Stockholm loamy fine sand

This is a very deep, nearly level, poorly drained soil

formed in a sandy mantle overlying clayey sediments

in low positions on lake and marine plains and at the

base of ridges and gentle rises where water-deposited

materials occupy the lower parts of glacial till plains.

Most areas of this soil are broad and irregular in

shape. Areas are 6 to 50 acres, but the range is 6 to

more than 100 acres. Slopes are simple and range

from 0 to 3 percent.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Stockholm soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 10 inches, dark brown loamy fine sand

Subsoil:

10 to 20 inches, dark reddish brown and yellowish

brown loamy fine sand and fine sand

20 to 23 inches, light brownish gray fine sand

23 to 30 inches, gray clay

Substratum:

30 to 58 inches, gray clay

58 to 72 inches, dark brown clay loam

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

very poorly drained, mucky Deford, Munuscong, and

Searsport soils in low pockets and along streams. Also

included are moderately well drained Flackville soils

on convex knolls and in other high areas of the map

unit; areas of Naumburg soils where clayey layers are

more than 40 inches deep; and areas of fine textured

Adjidaumo soils, which do not have a sandy mantle.

Also included are small areas of loamy Hogansburg,

Kalurah, and Malone soils on small hills or knolls.

Included areas range to 6 acres and make up about

20 percent of this unit.

Important properties of the Stockholm soil—

Permeability: Moderately rapid in the surface layer and

upper, sandy layers of the subsoil and very slow in

the lower, clayey layer of the subsoil and

substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Moderate

Soil reaction: Extremely acid to moderately acid in the

surface layer, strongly acid to slightly acid in the

subsoil, and neutral to moderately alkaline in the

substratum

Erosion hazard: Slight

Depth to water table: Perched above the clayey

substratum at a depth of 0 to 1.0 feet from

November to May

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Shrink-swell potential: Low in the surface layer and the

sandy layers in the subsoil and moderate in the

clayey layer of the subsoil and the substratum

Flooding hazard: None

Most areas of this soil are used for hay or pasture.

Some areas are wooded or cultivated. Some cleared

areas are idle and are reverting to brush.

This soil is poorly suited to cultivated crops. The

seasonal high water table and low natural fertility are

the main limitations. The water table interferes with

timely planting and harvesting and limits root

development needed to sustain plant growth. Artificial

drainage helps to lower the seasonal high water table

and to improve productivity. Adding lime and fertilizer

according to soil tests helps to improve fertility and to

raise soil reaction. Applying lime and fertilizer in small

doses at regular intervals rather than all at once helps

to prevent leaching in the moderately permeable soil

layers and to reduce nutrient loss.

This soil is fairly suited to hay and pasture. The

seasonal high water table restricts the rooting depth of

some plants, especially legumes. Draining the soil with

tile and open ditches and selecting shallow-rooted,

water-tolerant grasses help to improve productivity.

Applying lime and fertilizer help to raise reaction and

to improve fertility. Applying supplements in small

increments at regular intervals helps to prevent

leaching in permeable, sandy layers and to reduce

nutrient loss. Overgrazing diminishes pasture

seedlings. Rotational grazing, restricting grazing

during wet periods, and yearly mowing help to

enhance quality and quantity of feed and forage.

Potential productivity for red maple on this soil is

moderate. The seasonal high water table limits use of

heavy equipment in spring and during other wet

periods. Logging when the surface is dry or in winter

when the ground is frozen reduces the problems from

heavy equipment use. In most years the surface is
St. Lawrence County, New York 205

saturated in spring and the seedling mortality rate can

be excessive. Planting seedlings when the soil is no

longer wet but still moist will increase the seedling

survival rate. The windthrow hazard is moderate

because the water table limits root development.

Minimizing thinning and planting shallow-rooted

species help to reduce windthrow. The seedling

mortality rate can be excessive because of wetness.

Timely planting when the soil is moist but not wet and

selecting adaptable species help to reduce the

seedling mortality rate.

The seasonal high water table is the main limitation

to use of this soil as a site for dwellings with

basements. Placing drains by footings helps to lower

the water table. Adequately sealing foundations helps

to prevent wet basements. A possible alternative is to

build dwellings on included or nearby soils, such as

moderately well drained Hogansburg soils, that are

better suited to this use.

The seasonal high water table and low strength are

the main limitations to use of this soil as a site for local

roads and streets. Constructing roads and streets on

raised fill material and installing a drainage system

help to lower the water table. Providing suitable base

material and using special construction for adequate

support help to increase the strength and stability of

this soil.

The seasonal high water table and very slow

permeability are the main limitations to use of this soil

as a site for septic tank absorption fields. Installing a

drainage system around the filter field helps to lower

the water table. Enlarging the absorption field and

placing a wide, deep trench below the distribution lines

help to compensate for very slow permeability. In

some areas a specially designed system is needed on

this soil. An alternative is to place the absorption field

on included or nearby soils, such as Kalurah soils, that

are better suited to this use.

The capability subclass is 4w. The forestland

ordination symbol is 3W.

ShB—Summerville fine sandy loam, 0 to 8

percent slopes

This is a shallow, nearly level to gently sloping, well

drained soil on slight knolls and glacial till plains on a

high-lime bedrock controlled landscape. Most areas of

this soil are irregular in shape and range from 6 to 20

acres.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Summerville soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 6 inches, dark yellowish brown fine sandy loam

Subsoil:

6 to 10 inches, strong brown fine sandy loam

10 to 12 inches, dark brown fine sandy loam

Bedrock:

12 inches, dolomitic limestone

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

very shallow Gouverneur soils adjacent to rock

outcrops. Also included are small areas of very deep

Grenville and Pyrities soils on side slopes and

backslopes of hills, areas of moderately deep

Nehasne soils on footslopes, and areas of Hannawa

and Ogdensburg soils in concave areas. Also included

are small areas where numerous stones are on the

surface and adjacent areas of acidic rock outcrops,

areas of very shallow, acidic Quetico soils, and areas

of acidic Insula soils. Included areas range to 6 acres

and make up about 20 percent of this unit.

Important properties of the Summerville soil—

Permeability: Moderately rapid in the surface layer and

moderate in the subsoil

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Very low

Soil reaction: Slightly acid to slightly alkaline in the

surface layer and slightly acid to moderately

alkaline in the subsoil

Erosion hazard: Moderate

Depth to water table: More than 6 feet

Depth to bedrock: 10 to 20 inches

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Many areas of this soil are used for pasture or hay.

Other areas are woodland or brush.

This soil is poorly suited to cultivated crops

because of shallow depth to bedrock and low available

water capacity. Productivity on this soil depends on

erosion control because loss of any of the thin soil

mantle over bedrock is critical. The soil has very little

water available to plants during much of the growing

season; shallow depth to bedrock impairs growth of

most crops. Returning crop residue to the soil and

using a crop rotation that emphasizes sod crops help

to improve water holding capacity and to improve or

restore soil tilth in the surface layer.

This soil is poorly suited to hay and pasture.

Shallow depth to bedrock restricts the root zone of

many plants. Selecting naturally shallow-rooted

legumes and grasses help to improve the productivity

of stands. The soil tends to be droughty in summer.

Adding crop residue and other organic matter to the

soil helps to increase water holding capacity and to

improve or restore soil tilth. Overgrazing can diminish
206 Soil Survey

desired plants and can cause an excessive erosion

hazard on longer, steeper slopes. Close management

of pasture conditions, rotational grazing, and proper

stocking rates help to sustain forage plants and to

control erosion.

Potential productivity for sugar maple on this soil is

low. Shallow depth to bedrock and included areas of

excess stones and rock outcrops limit machine

planting of seedlings. The seedling mortality rate can

be excessive because of droughtiness. Timely planting

when the soil is moist helps to reduce the seedling

mortality rate. The water table limits root development

and the windthrow hazard is moderate. Minimizing

thinning and planting shallow-rooted species help to

minimize the windthrow hazard.

Depth to bedrock is the main limitation to use of this

soil as a site for dwellings with basements. Building

above bedrock and landscaping with additional fill help

to overcome this limitation. A possible alternative is to

build on included or nearby, deep soils.

Shallow depth to bedrock is a severe limitation to

use of this soil as a site for local roads and streets.

Planning grades and routes of roads is needed to

avoid rock outcrops. Some areas need to be blasted.

Depth to bedrock is a severe limitation to use of this

soil as a site for septic tank absorption fields. The layer

of soil above bedrock is thin, and effluent seeping to

the surface or percolating downward through highly

fissured bedrock and contaminating ground water is a

hazard. Some areas require a specially designed

mound or other system. A possible alternative is to

place the absorption field on included or nearby soils,

such as very deep Grenville soils, that are better

suited to this use.

The capability subclass is 3s. The forestland

ordination symbol is 2D.

SkB—Summerville-Gouverneur complex,

0 to 8 percent slopes, rocky

This map unit consists of nearly level and gently

sloping, shallow and very shallow soils on slight knolls

and on glacial till plains on a high-lime, bedrockcontrolled landscape. Rock outcrops cover from 0.1 to

2 percent of the surface, generally in higher positions

on the landscape. Areas are either irregular in shape

or are elongated with a northeast-southwest

orientation. They are 6 to 50 acres, but the range is 6

to more than 100 acres. The unit is about 45 percent

shallow, well drained Summerville soil; 35 percent very

shallow, excessively drained and somewhat

excessively drained Gouverneur soil; and 20 percent

other soils and rock outcrops. The Summerville and

Gouverneur soils are intermingled so closely that they

could not be separated at the scale selected for

mapping.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Summerville soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 6 inches, dark yellowish brown fine sandy loam

Subsoil:

6 to 10 inches, strong brown fine sandy loam

10 to 12 inches, dark brown fine sandy loam

Bedrock:

12 inches, dolomitic limestone

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

Gouverneur soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 7 inches, very dark gray channery loam

Subsoil layer:

7 to 9 inches, dark brown channery fine sandy loam

Bedrock:

9 inches, dolomitic sandstone bedrock

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

moderately deep Nehasne soils and very deep

Grenville soils on broad backslopes. Also included are

finer textured Muskellunge, Matoon, and Adjidaumo

soils in small troughs where silty and clayey sediments

accumulated in stillwater; a few concave areas of

somewhat poorly drained Ogdensburg soils and poorly

drained Hannawa soils; and areas of more acid, very

shallow Quetico soils and more acid, shallow Insula

soils. Also included are small areas of steeper sloping

soils, mainly on short scarps, many of which spot

symbols mark on soil maps. Included areas range to 6

acres and make up about 19 percent of this unit.

Important properties of the Summerville soil—

Permeability: Moderately rapid in the surface layer and

moderate in the subsoil

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Very low

Soil reaction: Slightly acid to slightly alkaline in the

surface layer and slightly acid to moderately

alkaline in the subsoil

Erosion hazard: Moderate

Depth to water table: More than 6 feet

Depth to bedrock: 10 to 20 inches

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Important properties of the Gouverneur soil—

Permeability: Moderate throughout
St. Lawrence County, New York 207

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Very low

Soil reaction: Moderately acid to slightly alkaline

throughout

Erosion Hazard: Moderate

Depth to water table: More than 6 feet

Depth to bedrock: 1 to 9 inches

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding Hazard: None

Many areas of this soil are used as unimproved

pasture. Some areas are used as woodland or brush.

These soils are unsuited to cultivated crops. The

very shallow Gouverneur soil and rock outcrops

impede use of tillage and harvesting equipment. Also,

the Gouverneur and Summerville soils have very low

available water capacity, and droughtiness during

much of the growing season impairs the growth of

most crops. In places, short bedrock escarpments limit

the shape or size of fields.

These soils are poorly suited to hayland and

pasture. The rock outcrops and included escarpments

severely hinder the use of most farm equipment.

 These soils are suited to unimproved pasture.

When they are droughty in summer, pastures are

sensitive to overgrazing, which can cause loss of

desirable plants and excessive erosion in the more

sloping areas. Proper stocking rates and brush control

are management concerns.

Potential productivity for sugar maple on these soils

is low. In some areas rock outcrops and included

scarps impede use of planting and logging equipment.

The Summerville and Gouverneur soils tend to be

droughty and the seedling mortality rate is severe.

Planting seedlings in spring, when the soil is still

moist, helps to improve the rate of seedling survival.

The windthrow hazard is severe because shallow and

very shallow depth to bedrock limits root development.

Minimizing thinning and planting shallow-rooted

species help to reduce windthrow. Shallow depth to

bedrock on these soils restricts root development, and

windthrow is a severe hazard. Minimizing thinning and

selecting naturally shallow-rooted trees help to reduce

windthrow.

Depth to bedrock is the main limitation to use of

these soils as a site for dwellings with basements.

Building above bedrock and landscaping with

additional fill help to overcome this limitation. An

alternative is to build on included or nearby soils, such

as deep Grenville soils, that are better suited to this

use.

Shallow depth to bedrock on both the Summerville

and Gouverneur soils are severe limitations to use of

these soils for local roads and streets. Grades and

routes for roads can be planned to avoid rock removal.

In some areas blasting is needed.

This soil is unsuited to use as a site for septic tank

absorption fields. The thin layer of soil above bedrock

is a poor filter of effluent, which can seep to the

surface or percolate downward through highly fissured

bedrock and contaminate ground water. Some areas

require a septic system with a special design, such as

a mound system. An alternative is to select included or

nearby soils, such as very deep Grenville soils, that

are better suited to this use.

The capability subclass is 7s for the Summerville

and Gouverneur soils. The forestland ordination

symbol is 2D for the Summerville and Gouverneur

soils.

SlD—Summerville-Rock outcrop complex,

hilly

This map unit consists of soils on complex networks

of hills and ridges on marble, bedrock-controlled

landscapes. In most areas the Summerville soil is on

steep side slopes and tops of hills. Rock outcrop is

scattered throughout this unit, but most areas are in

the higher parts. Slopes are complex and range from

15 to 35 percent. Areas are generally elongated with a

northeast-southwest orientation. They are 6 to 50

acres, but the range is 6 to more than 100 acres. The

unit is about 40 percent shallow, well drained

Summerville soil, 30 percent Rock outcrop, and 30

percent other soils. The Summerville soil and areas of

Rock outcrop are intermingled so closely that they

could not be separated at the scale selected for

mapping.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Summerville soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 6 inches, dark yellowish brown fine sandy loam

Subsoil:

6 to 10 inches, strong brown fine sandy loam

10 to 12 inches, dark brown fine sandy loam

Bedrock:

12 inches, dolomitic limestone

Rock outcrop consists mostly of marble.

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

very shallow Gouverneur soils adjacent to rock

outcrops. Also included are moderately deep Nehasne

soils and very deep Grenville soils on lower side

slopes; fine-textured Muskellunge, Matoon, and

Adjidaumo soils in small troughs between ridges,

where silty and clayey sediments accumulated in
208 Soil Survey

stillwater; and some areas, notably along the border of

Jefferson County, where the soils are warmer than

normal, usually by less than 2 degrees. Also included,

scattered throughout the map unit, are small bedrock

scarps; some areas of acid bedrock intermingled with

the marble bedrock-controlled areas; and, near

inclusions of acid bedrock, small areas of very

shallow, acid Quetico soils and shallow Insula soils.

Included areas range to 6 acres and make up about

30 percent of this unit.

Important properties of the Summerville soil—

Permeability: Moderately rapid in the surface layer and

moderate in the subsoil

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Very low

Soil reaction: Slightly acid to slightly alkaline in the

surface layer and slightly acid to moderately

alkaline in the subsoil

Erosion hazard: Severe

Depth to water table: More than 6 feet throughout the

year

Depth to bedrock: 10 to 20 inches

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Most areas of this soil are woodland or brush. A few

areas are used as unimproved pasture.

This soil is unsuited to cultivated crops. Rock

outcrops and steep slopes obstruct use of tillage and

harvesting equipment.

This soil is poorly suited to pasture. Uneven

topography, rock outcrops, excessive slope, and

included scarps and wetter soils severely hinder use

of equipment needed to improve and maintain pasture.

Proper stocking rates and brush control are

management concerns. Grazing these soils when wet

causes surface compaction. Overgrazing can diminish

quantity and quality of forage plants and can cause an

erosion hazard.

Potential productivity for sugar maple on this soil is

low. If the vegetative cover is removed, erosion is a

hazard. Laying out logging roads and skid trails on the

contour and building water bars to protect roads and

trails when not in use help to control erosion. The

windthrow hazard is moderate because the water table

limits root development. Minimizing thinning and

planting shallow-rooted species help to reduce the

windthrow hazard. On the droughty Summerville soil

the seedling mortality rate is severe. Planting

seedlings in spring while the soil is still moist helps to

improve the seedling survival rate. The water table

limits root development and the windthrow hazard is

moderate. Minimizing thinning and planting shallowrooted species help to reduce windthrow.

Excessive slope, shallow depth to bedrock on the

Summerville soil, and numerous rock outcrops are

severe limitations to use of this soil as a site for

dwellings with basements. An alternative is to build on

included soils, such as less sloping, deeper Grenville

soils, that are more suitable for this use.

Shallow depth to bedrock and excessive slopes are

severe limitations to use of this soil as a site for local

roads and streets. Planning grades and routes of

roads to avoid rock removal, land shaping and

grading, and adapting road design to slope are

needed. In some areas blasting is needed.

This soil is unsuited to use as a site for septic tank

absorption fields because of excessive slope, shallow

depth to bedrock on the Summerville soil, and areas of

exposed bedrock. The septic system could be placed

on inclusions of deeper soils, such as Grenville soils

where slope is not excessive, that are better suited to

this use.

The capability subclass is 7s for the Summerville

soil and 8 for Rock outcrop. The forestland ordination

symbol is 2R for the Summerville soil. Rock outcrop

was not assigned a forestland ordination symbol.

SmC—Summerville-Rock outcropNehasne complex, rolling

This map unit consists of soils on knolls and ridges

on rolling landforms on uplands on marble bedrockcontrolled landscapes. Typically, the Summerville soil

is on tops and shoulders of knolls and ridges. Most

rock outcrops are in higher positions, but are scattered

throughout. The Nehasne soil is on side slopes.

Slopes are complex and range from 5 to 15 percent.

Areas of this soil are either irregular in shape or are

elongated with a northeast-southwest orientation. They

are 6 to 50 acres, but the range is 6 to more than 100

acres. The unit is about 35 percent shallow, well

drained Summerville soil; 25 percent high-lime Rock

outcrop; 20 percent moderately deep, well drained

Nehasne soil; and 20 percent other soils. The

Summerville soil, Rock outcrop, and the Nehasne soil

are intermingled so closely that they could not be

separated at the scale selected for mapping.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Summerville soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 6 inches, dark yellowish brown fine sandy loam

Subsoil:

6 to 10 inches, strong brown fine sandy loam
St. Lawrence County, New York 209

10 to 12 inches, dark brown fine sandy loam

Bedrock:

12 inches, dolomitic limestone

Rock outcrop in this unit is mostly marble.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Nehasne soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 7 inches, very dark grayish brown sandy loam

Subsoil:

7 to 18 inches, dark yellowish brown gravelly fine

sandy loam

18 to 23 inches, brown gravelly fine sandy loam

23 to 25 inches, dark brown gravelly fine sandy loam

Bedrock:

25 inches, marble

Included with these soils in mapping are small

areas of very shallow Gouverneur soils near rock

outcrops. Also included are areas of fine-textured

Muskellunge, Matoon, and Adjidaumo soils in small

troughs between ridges where silty and clayey

sediments accumulated in stillwater; areas of very

deep Grenville soils on side slopes; and some places,

notably along the border of Jefferson County, where

the soils are warmer than normal, usually by less than

2 degrees. Some small areas of acid rock outcrops are

included with the high-lime Rock outcrop. Also

included are small areas of acid, very shallow Quetico

soils; areas of shallow Insula soils near included areas

of acid bedrock; small areas of steeper soils; and

small areas of bedrock escarpments. Included areas

range to 6 acres and make up about 20 percent of this

unit.

Important properties of the Summerville soil—

Permeability: Moderately rapid in the surface layer and

moderate in the subsoil

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Very low

Soil reaction: Slightly acid to slightly alkaline in the

surface layer and slightly acid to moderately

alkaline in the subsoil

Erosion hazard: Severe

Depth to water table: More than 6 feet throughout the

year

Depth to bedrock: 10 to 20 inches

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Important properties of the Nehasne soil—

Permeability: Moderate or moderately rapid throughout

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Low or moderate

Soil reaction: Moderately acid or slightly acid in the

surface layer, slightly acid or neutral in the subsoil,

and neutral or slightly alkaline in the substratum

Erosion hazard: Severe

Depth to water table: More than 60 inches

Depth to bedrock: 20 to 40 inches

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Many areas of these soils are used as unimproved

pasture. Other areas are used as woodland or brush.

These soils are poorly suited to cultivated crops.

Rock outcrops and included bedrock escarpments

limit use of tillage and harvesting equipment. Also,

droughtiness on the Summerville soil during much of

the growing season impairs growth of most crops.

These soils are poorly suited to pasture. The

uneven topography and included scarps and wet soils

severely hinder use of equipment needed to improve

and maintain pasture. Proper stocking rates and brush

control are management concerns. Grazing these

soils when wet causes surface compaction.

Overgrazing can diminish quantity and quality of

forage plants and can cause an erosion hazard on

longer, steeper slopes.

Potential productivity for trees on these soils is low

on the Summerville soil and moderately high on the

Nehasne soil. In some areas rock outcrops limit use of

planting and logging equipment. Seedling mortality is a

severe hazard on the droughty Summerville soil.

Planting seedlings in spring while the soil is still moist

will enhance the rate of seedling survival. On the

Summerville soil shallow depth to bedrock restricts

root growth and windthrow is a severe hazard.

Minimizing clearcutting and selecting naturally

shallow-rooted trees help to reduce windthrow losses.

Depth to bedrock is the main limitation to use of

these soils as a site for dwellings with basements.

Building above bedrock and landscaping with

additional fill are needed. An alternative is to build on

deeper included or nearby soils, such as Grenville

soils, that are better suited to this use.

Shallow depth to bedrock on the Summerville soil,

moderate depth to bedrock on the Nehasne soil,

numerous rock outcrops, and included scarps are

severe limitations to use of these soils as a site for

local roads and streets. An alternative is to build roads

and streets on nearby or included soils, such as

Grenville soils, that are better suited to this use.

These soils are poorly suited to septic tank

absorption fields because of shallow depth to bedrock

on the Insula soil and rock outcrops. Nearby or
210 Soil Survey

included deeper soils, such as Grenville soils on

gentler slopes, are better suited to this use.

The capability subclass is 6s for the Summerville

soil, 8 for Rock outcrop, and 6s for the Nehasne soil.

The forestland ordination symbol is 2D for the

Summerville soil and 3A for the Nehasne soil. Rock

outcrop was not assigned a forestland ordination

symbol.

SpB—Sunapee fine sandy loam, 3 to 8

percent slopes

This is a very deep, gently sloping, moderately well

drained soil on slightly convex tops, shoulders, and

side slopes of ridges and hills. Most areas of this soil

are elliptical and 6 to 20 acres, but the range is 6 to 50

acres.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Sunapee soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 1 inch, black moderately decomposed forest litter

1 to 4 inches, black fine sandy loam

Subsoil:

4 to 13 inches, dark reddish brown fine sandy loam

13 to 17 inches, reddish brown fine sandy loam

17 to 23 inches, dark yellowish brown fine sandy loam

Substratum:

23 to 72 inches, light brownish gray fine sandy loam

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

poorly drained Lyme soils in depressions along

drainageways. Also included are well drained

Berkshire soils on knolls and in other high areas;

areas of moderately deep Tunbridge soils and shallow

Lyman soils where depth to bedrock is less than 40

inches; and areas of Lyman and Tunbridge soils near

small, included areas of rock outcrops. Also included

are somewhat excessively drained and excessively

drained, sandy Adams soils and excessively drained,

gravelly Colton soils on small knolls or ridges. Included

areas range to 6 acres and make up about 20 percent

of this unit.

Important properties of the Sunapee soil—

Permeability: Moderate in the mineral part of the

surface layer and subsoil and moderate or

moderately rapid in the substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Moderate or high

Soil reaction: Extremely acid to strongly acid in the

surface layer and the subsoil and extremely acid

to moderately acid in the substratum

Erosion hazard: Moderate

Depth to water table: At a depth of 1.5 to 3 feet from

November to May

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Shrink swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Most areas of these soils are woodland. Some

areas are in pasture. A small acreage is used for

cultivated crops.

This soil is suited to crops. Low natural fertility, low

soil reaction, and the seasonal high water table are

limitations. Erosion is a moderate hazard. Adding lime

and fertilizer according to soil tests helps to improve

fertility and soil reaction. In some years the seasonal

high water table delays plowing and planting in spring.

Draining included wet spots facilitates early tillage and

late harvest operations. Erosion is a hazard on longer,

steeper slopes. Crop rotations that emphasize sod

crops, conservation tillage, contour plowing, and

stripcropping help to control erosion.

This soil is well suited to use as hayland and

pasture. The seasonal high water table, low natural

fertility, and low reaction are the main limitations.

Grazing the soil when wet causes surface compaction

and loss of soil tilth. Restricting stock from pasture in

early spring and during other wet periods helps to

prevent surface compaction and to maintain good soil

tilth. Overgrazing can diminish desirable plants and

can cause an erosion hazard on longer, steeper

slopes. Proper stocking rates, rotational grazing, and

yearly mowing help to maintain quantity and quality of

forage and to control erosion. Adding lime and fertilizer

according to soil tests helps to raise soil reaction and

to improve fertility.

Potential productivity for sugar maple on this soil is

high. Mechanical or chemical site preparation can

reduce plant competition on tree plantations. There are

few limitations to planting, harvesting, or managing

woodlots on this soil.

The seasonal high water table is the main limitation

to use of this soil as a site for dwellings with

basements. Installing drains by footings helps to

reduce the water table. Adequately sealing foundations

helps to prevent wet basements. Erosion is a hazard,

especially on longer, steeper slopes. Minimizing

disturbance of vegetation on construction sites and

revegetating disturbed areas as soon as possible help

to control erosion.

The seasonal high water table and potential for frost

action are the main limitations to use of this soil as a

site for local roads and streets. Providing coarser

grained subgrade or base material and constructing

ditches and road culverts to improve soil drainage
St. Lawrence County, New York 211

near roads help to prevent the seasonal high water

table and frost action from buckling, slumping, and

heaving pavement.

The seasonal high water table is the main limitation

to use of this soil as a site for septic tank absorption

fields. Installing a drainage system around the filter

field helps to lower the water table. An alternative is to

place the absorption field on included or nearby soils,

such as Berkshire soils, that are not as wet as the

Sunapee soil.

The capability subclass is 2w. The forestland

ordination symbol is 3A.

SsB—Sunapee and Berkshire soils, 3 to 8

percent slopes, very bouldery

This map unit consists of very deep, gently sloping

soils on glacial till plains. Typically, Sunapee soils are

on backslopes or on benches and Berkshire soils are

on shoulders, tops, and upper backslopes of hills and

ridges. Boulders about 10 to 70 feet apart and stones

cover 0.1 to 3 percent of the surface. Areas of these

soils are irregular in shape and 20 to 60 acres, but the

range is 10 to 200 acres. The unit is about 45 percent

moderately well drained Sunapee soils, 25 percent

well drained Berkshire soils, and 30 percent other

soils. Some areas consist almost entirely of either

Sunapee soils or Berkshire soils, and other areas

consist of both Sunapee and Berkshire soils. Sunapee

and Berkshire soils both have numerous boulders on

the surface, are very similar in use and interpretation,

and were not separated in mapping.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of Sunapee soils—

Surface soil:

0 to 1 inch, black moderately decomposed forest litter

1 to 4 inches, black fine sandy loam

Subsoil:

4 to 13 inches, dark reddish brown fine sandy loam

13 to 17 inches, reddish brown fine sandy loam

17 to 23 inches, dark yellowish brown fine sandy loam

Substratum:

23 to 72 inches, light brownish gray fine sandy loam

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of Berkshire soils—

Surface layer:

0 to 7 inches, dark brown loam

Subsoil:

7 to 11 inches, brown loam

11 to 30 inches, brown gravelly loam

Substratum:

30 to 72 inches, dark yellowish brown sandy loam

Included with these soils in mapping are Potsdam

and Crary soils, which have a very firm, dense

substratum. Also included are small areas of very

poorly drained Tughill soils and poorly drained Lyme

soils in drainageways and sloughs, moderately deep

Tunbridge soils on bedrock-controlled benches and

knolls, and small areas of sandy Adams soils and

gravelly Colton soils. Included soils range to 6 acres

and make up about 30 percent of the unit.

Important properties of Sunapee soils—

Permeability: Moderate in the mineral part of the

surface layer and subsoil and moderate or

moderately rapid in the substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Moderate or high

Soil reaction: Extremely acid to strongly acid in the

surface layer and the subsoil and extremely acid

to moderately acid in the substratum

Erosion hazard: Severe

Depth to water table: At a depth of 1.5 to 3 feet from

November to May

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Shrink swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Important properties of Berkshire soils—

Permeability: Moderate or moderately rapid throughout

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): High

Soil reaction: Extremely acid to moderately acid

throughout

Erosion hazard: Severe

Depth to water table: More than 6 feet throughout the

year

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Shrink swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Most areas of these soils are in woodland. Some

areas are in pasture.

These soils are poorly suited to cultivated crops.

The main limitation is numerous boulders and stones

on the surface. The cost of clearing the surface is

prohibitive for most crops grown in the area.

This soil is poorly suited to pasture. Surface stones

severely hinder use of equipment needed to improve

and maintain pasture. Proper stocking rates and brush

control are management concerns. Grazing these

soils when wet causes surface compaction.
212 Soil Survey

Overgrazing can diminish the quantity and quality of

forage plants and can cause an erosion hazard on

longer, steeper slopes.

Potential productivity for trees on these soils is high.

On Sunapee soils mechanical or chemical site

preparation can reduce plant competition on tree

plantations.

These soils are fairly suited to use as a site for

dwellings with basements. Slope and, on Sunapee

soils, wetness are the main limitations. Installing

foundation drains and sealing foundations help to

prevent wet basements on Sunapee soils. Dwellings

could be placed on the better drained Berkshire soils.

Land shaping and grading help to overcome slope.

Erosion is a hazard in areas cleared for construction;

designing dwellings to conform to the natural slope

and setting helps to minimize earthwork. Revegetating

the soil during or soon after construction is completed

also helps to control erosion. In some areas

scattered, large boulders on the surface impede

excavation.

These soils are fairly suited to use as a site for local

roads and streets. Potential for frost action and, on

Sunapee soils, wetness are the main limitations.

Providing coarser grained subgrade or base material

and constructing ditches and road culverts to drain the

sites of roads and streets help to prevent wetness and

frost action from buckling and heaving pavement.

Wetness on Sunapee soils is a limitation to use of

these soils as a site for septic tank absorption fields.

Placing a tile line around the absorption field and using

such special designs as an enlarged absorption field

help to reduce wetness. An alternative is to place the

septic system on Berkshire soils, which are more

suitable to this use.

The capability subclass is 6s for Sunapee and

Berkshire soils. The forestland ordination symbol is 3A

for Sunapee soils and 9A for Berkshire soils.

Sw—Swanton fine sandy loam

This is a very deep, nearly level soil formed in a

loamy mantle over clayey sediments. The soil is

dominantly poorly drained but is also somewhat poorly

drained. It is in basins and concave areas on broad

lake or marine plains. Most areas are irregular in

shape. Areas are 6 to 30 acres, but the range is 6 to

more than 100 acres. Slopes range from 0 to 3

percent.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Swanton soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 8 inches, very dark brown fine sandy loam

Subsoil:

8 to 16 inches, olive brown fine sandy loam

16 to 26 inches, grayish brown fine sandy loam

Substratum:

26 to 41 inches, brown silty clay loam

41 to 72 inches, dark grayish brown silty clay

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

very poorly drained Munuscong soils in low pockets

and along streams. Also included are moderately well

drained Elmwood soils on small terraces and convex

knolls and in other high areas, areas of Mino soils

where the clayey substratum is deeper than 40 inches,

and some small areas of sandy Naumburg and Deford

soils. Finer-textured Wegatchie and Adjidaumo soils

are included in some places where the loamy mantle

is absent. Also included on hills and knolls are small

areas of Hogansburg, Kalurah, and Malone soils that

have more rock fragments than the Swanton soil.

Included areas range up to 6 acres and make up

about 20 percent of this unit.

Important properties of the Swanton soil—

Permeability: Moderately rapid in the loamy surface

layer and subsoil and very slow or slow in the

clayey layer in the substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Moderate or high

Soil reaction: Strongly acid to neutral in the surface

layer and the subsoil and moderately acid to

moderately alkaline in the substratum

Erosion hazard: Slight

Depth to water table: At a depth of 0 to 1.5 feet from

November to May

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: Low in the coarse loamy mantle

and moderate in the substratum

Flooding hazard: None

Most areas of this soil are used as hayland or

pasture. Some areas are used for cultivated crops or

as woodland. Some cleared areas are now idle and

are reverting to brush.

This soil is poorly suited to cultivated crops.

However, if intensive drainage, generally a

combination of surface and subsurface drainage, is

installed, the soil will be productive. Additions of

fertilizer and lime according to soil tests and crop

rotations that limit consecutive years of row crops are

needed for this soil to be highly productive and in good

tilth.

This soil is poorly suited to hay and pasture. The

seasonal high water table restricts the root zone of

some plants, especially legumes. Grazing the soil
St. Lawrence County, New York 213

when wet causes surface compaction and loss of tilth.

Installing artificial drainage and selecting shallowrooted, water-tolerant species help to improve

productivity. Applying lime and fertilizer according to

soil tests, restricting grazing during wet periods, and

yearly mowing help to prevent surface compaction, to

preserve tilth, and to enhance quality and quantity of

feed and forage.

Potential productivity for white pine on this soil is

low. The seasonal high water table limits use of heavy

equipment in spring and during other wet periods.

Logging when the surface is dry or in winter when it is

frozen allows heavy equipment use. The seedling

mortality rate is severe because of wetness. Timely

planting when the soil is moist but not wet and

selecting adaptable varieties help to lower the seedling

mortality rate. The water table limits root development

and windthrow is a moderate hazard. Minimizing

thinning and planting shallow-rooted species help to

reduce windthrow.

The seasonal high water table is the main limitation

to use of this soil as a site for dwellings with

basements. Placing drains by footings helps to lower

the water table. Adequately sealing foundations helps

to prevent wet basements.

The seasonal high water table, potential for frost

action, and low strength are limitations to use of this

soil as a site for local roads and streets. Constructing

roads on raised fill material and installing a drainage

system help to compensate for wetness. Providing

coarser grained subgrade or base material to frost

depth helps to prevent frost action from damaging

pavement. Providing suitable base material and using

special construction for adequate support help to

increase the strength and stability of this soil.

The seasonal high water table and very slow or

slow permeability in the substratum are severe

limitations to use of this soil as a site for septic tank

absorption fields. Installing a drainage system around

the filter field helps to reduce wetness. Enlarging the

absorption field and placing a wide, deep trench below

the distribution lines help to compensate for the very

slow or slow permeability. An alternative is to place

the absorption field on nearby or included soils,

such as Kalurah soils, that are more favorable to this

use.

The capability subclass is 4w. The forestland

ordination symbol is 7W.

TdA—Trout River loamy sand, 0 to 3

percent slopes

This is a very deep, nearly level, excessively

drained soil on tops and upper side slopes of gentle

ridges. Most areas of this soil are elliptical and range

from 6 to 30 acres.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Trout River soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 8 inches, very dark grayish brown loamy sand

Subsoil:

8 to 14 inches, brown very gravelly loamy sand

14 to 22 inches, dark yellowish brown very gravelly

loamy sand

22 to 33 inches, dark yellowish brown gravelly loamy

sand

Substratum:

33 to 72 inches, pale brown very gravelly loamy sand

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

very poorly drained and poorly drained Cook soils,

somewhat poorly drained Coveytown soils, and

moderately well drained Fahey soils. Also included are

areas of Cook and Coveytown soils in low-lying

depressions, areas of Fahey soils on benches and

backslopes on slight ridges below the Trout River soil,

and small areas of sandy Adams soils that have few

rock fragments. Also included are areas of moderately

well drained, loamy Kalurah soils and well drained,

loamy Pyrities soils on some hills and knolls. Included

soils range to 6 acres and make up about 25 percent

of this unit.

Important properties of the Trout River soil—

Permeability: Rapid throughout

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Very low

Soil reaction: Very strongly acid or strongly acid in the

surface layer, strongly acid to neutral in the

subsoil, and moderately acid to moderately

alkaline in the substratum

Erosion hazard: Slight

Depth to water table: More than 6 feet

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: Low

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Most areas of this soil are used for pasture or hay

production or have been abandoned to forest

succession. Some areas are forested or cultivated.

This soil is poorly suited to cultivated crops

because it is excessively droughty and has low natural

fertility. Growing green manure crops and adding

organic matter help to improve water holding capacity.

Conservation tillage creates a mulch layer of

unincorporated plant residue on the surface and helps
214 Soil Survey

to seal in and to conserve soil moisture. Although

irrigation is needed to overcome droughtiness,

generally it is not cost effective except when used on

specialty crops. Adding organic matter, lime, and

fertilizer helps to improve fertility. Applying fertilizer and

lime in frequent, small increments rather than all at

once helps to prevent substantial losses from leaching

in this rapidly permeable soil.

This soil is fairly suited to hay and pasture. Soil

amendments help to improve fertility and to sustain

beneficial plant species. Proper stocking rates and

pasture rotation help to protect desirable plant species

especially vulnerable to overgrazing in summer, when

water available for plants is low.

Potential productivity for white pine on this soil is

low or moderate. The soil is well adapted to machine

planting of seedlings. The hazard of seedling mortality

is severe because the soil is droughty. Seedlings need

to be planted in early spring or in late fall, when water

is most available in the soil.

The Trout River soil is suited to use as a site for

dwellings with basements. In some areas large stones

hinder excavation and disposition of the soil.

The Trout River soil is suited to local roads and

streets. In some areas large stones hinder earthwork.

Rapid permeability is a severe limitation to use of

this soil as a site for septic tank absorption fields. The

soil is a poor filter of effluent, and ground-water

contamination is a hazard. In some places a special or

unconventional design for a septic system, where

code permits, could be used. An alternative is to

place the septic system on nearby or included soils,

such as Pyrities soils, that are more favorable to this

use.

The capability subclass is 3s. The forestland

ordination symbol is 8S.

TdB—Trout River loamy sand, 3 to 8

percent slopes

This is a very deep, gently sloping, excessively

drained soil on tops and upper side slopes of gentle

ridges. Most areas of this soil are elliptical and range

from 6 to 30 acres.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Trout River soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 8 inches, very dark grayish brown loamy sand

Subsoil:

8 to 14 inches, brown very gravelly loamy sand

14 to 22 inches, dark yellowish brown very gravelly

loamy sand

22 to 33 inches, dark yellowish brown gravelly loamy

sand

Substratum:

33 to 72 inches, pale brown very gravelly loamy sand

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

very poorly drained and poorly drained Cook soils,

somewhat poorly drained Coveytown soils, and

moderately well drained Fahey soils. Also included are

areas of Cook and Coveytown soils in low-lying

depressions; areas of Fahey soils on benches and

backslopes on slight ridges, below the Trout River soil;

and small areas of sandy Adams soils that do not

have many rock fragments. Also included are areas of

moderately well drained, loamy Kalurah soils and well

drained, loamy Pyrities soils on some hills and knolls.

Included soils range to 6 acres and make up about 25

percent of this unit.

Important properties of the Trout River soil—

Permeability: Rapid throughout

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Very low

Soil reaction: Very strongly acid and strongly acid in

the surface layer, strongly acid to neutral in the

subsoil, and moderately acid to moderately

alkaline in the substratum

Erosion hazard: Slight

Depth to water table: Below 6 feet

Depth to bedrock: Below 60 inches

Potential for frost action: Low

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Most areas of this soil are used as pasture or

hayland or have been abandoned to forest succession.

Some areas are forested or cultivated.

This soil is poorly suited to cultivated crops

because it is excessively droughty and has low natural

fertility. Growing green manure crops and adding

organic matter help to improve water holding capacity.

Although irrigation is needed to overcome

droughtiness, generally it is not cost effective except

when used on specialty crops. Adding organic matter,

lime, and fertilizer helps to improve fertility. Applying

fertilizer and lime in frequent, small increments rather

than all at once helps to avoid substantial losses from

leaching on this rapidly permeable soil. Erosion is a

hazard on longer, steeper slopes. Conservation

practices, such as contour tillage, stripcropping, and

conservation tillage, help to reduce soil loss.

Conservation tillage creates a mulch layer of

unincorporated plant residue on the surface and helps

to seal in and to conserve soil moisture.

This soil is suited to hay and pasture. Amending the
St. Lawrence County, New York 215

soil helps to improve fertility and to sustain beneficial

plants. Proper stocking rates and pasture rotation help

to protect desirable plant varieties especially

vulnerable to overgrazing in summer, when water

available for plants is low.

Potential productivity for white pine on this soil is

low or moderate. Machine planting of seedlings is

feasible on this soil; however, the soil is droughty and

the seedling mortality rate is severe. Plantings need to

be made in early spring or in late fall when soil

moisture is most available for plants.

The Trout River soil is suited to use as a site for

dwellings with basements. In some areas large stones

interfere with excavation and disposition of spoil.

The Trout River soil is suited to use as a site for

local roads and streets. In some areas large stones

interfere with earthwork.

Rapid permeability is a severe limitation to use of

this soil as a site for septic tank absorption fields. The

soil is a poor filter of effluent, and ground-water

contamination is a hazard. In some areas a special or

unconventional design for a septic system, where

code permits, could be used. An alternative is to place

the septic system on nearby or included soils, such as

Pyrities soils, that are more favorable to this use.

The capability subclass is 3s. The forestland

ordination symbol is 8S.

TfB—Trout River and Fahey soils, 0 to 8

percent slopes, very stony

This map unit consists of very deep, nearly level to

gently sloping soils on beach ridges. Typically,

excessively drained Trout River soils are on crests of

low ridges and moderately well drained Fahey soils

are on backslopes or broad ridgetops. Stones 3 to 25

feet apart and boulders cover 0.1 to 3 percent of the

surface. Most areas are elliptical. Areas are 6 to 30

acres, but the range is 6 to 40 acres. Some areas

consist almost entirely of Trout River or Fahey soils,

and some areas consist of both. These soils both have

many stones on the surface, have similar

interpretations for most uses, and were not separated

in mapping. The unit is about 45 percent Trout River

soils, 35 percent Fahey soils, and about 20 percent

other soils.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of Trout River soils—

Surface layer:

0 to 8 inches, very dark grayish brown loamy sand

Subsoil:

8 to 14 inches, brown very gravelly loamy sand

14 to 22 inches, dark yellowish brown very gravelly

loamy sand

22 to 33 inches, dark yellowish brown gravelly loamy

sand

Substratum:

33 to 72 inches, pale brown very gravelly loamy sand

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of Fahey soils—

Surface layer:

0 to 7 inches, very dark grayish brown loamy fine sand

Subsoil:

7 to 27 inches, brown very gravelly loamy fine sand

27 to 31 inches, dark brown very gravelly loamy sand

Substratum:

31 to 39 inches, yellowish brown gravelly loamy sand

39 to 72 inches, dark yellowish brown very gravelly

loamy sand

Included with these soils in mapping are small

areas of somewhat poorly drained Coveytown soils

and very poorly drained and poorly drained Cook soils

on footslopes, along drainageways, and in other

concave areas. Also included are some small areas of

loamy, well drained Pyrities soils on some hills and

knolls and some small areas free of surface stones.

Included areas range to 6 acres and make up about

20 percent of this unit.

Important properties of Trout River soils—

Permeability: Rapid throughout

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Very low

Soil reaction: Very strongly acid and strongly acid in

the surface layer, strongly acid to neutral in the

subsoil, and moderately acid to moderately

alkaline in the substratum

Erosion hazard: Moderate

Depth to water table: Below 6 feet

Depth to bedrock: Below 60 inches

Potential for frost action: Low

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Important properties of Fahey soils—

Permeability: Rapid throughout

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Very low

Soil reaction: Very strongly acid to moderately acid in

the surface layer, moderately acid to neutral in the

subsoil, and moderately acid to moderately

alkaline in the substratum

Erosion hazard: Moderate
216 Soil Survey

Depth to water table: At a depth of 1.5 to 2 feet from

November to May

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: Low

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Most areas of these soils are used as woodland or

unimproved pasture. Some abandoned pastures are

reverting to brush or woodland.

These soils are poorly suited to cultivated crops

because surface stones and low available water

capacity are severe limitations. Surface stones impede

use of most farm equipment, and low available water

capacity limits growth of cultivated crops.

These soils are poorly suited to pasture. Surface

stones severely hinder use of equipment needed to

improve and maintain pasture. Proper stocking rates

and brush control are management concerns.

Overgrazing can diminish quantity and quality of

forage plants and can cause an erosion hazard on

longer, steeper slopes.

Potential productivity for white pine on these soils is

low or moderate. On droughty Trout River soils the

seedling mortality rate is severe. Plantings need to be

made in early spring or in late fall when soil moisture

is most available for plants. In some areas surface

stones hinder machine planting.

The seasonal high water table on Fahey soils is a

limitation to use of these soils as a site for dwellings

with basements. Installing drains by footings helps to

reduce wetness. Adequately sealing foundations helps

to prevent wet basements. In some areas large stones

and boulders hinder excavation and disposition of the

soil. In some areas the surface needs to be cleared of

stones to establish a lawn.

These soils are suited to local road and streets. In

some areas, however, large stones and boulders

hinder earthwork.

Rapid permeability is a severe limitation to use of

these soils as a site for septic tank absorption fields.

The soils are a poor filter of effluent, and ground-water

contamination is a hazard. An alternative is to place

the absorption field on included or nearby soils, such

as Pyrities soils, that are better suited to this use.

The capability subclass is 6s for the Trout River and

Fahey soils. The forestland ordination symbol is 3S for

Trout River soils and 8A for Fahey soils.

TuD—Tunbridge-Lyman complex, 15 to 35

percent slopes, very rocky

This map unit consists of soils on hills and ridges

on uplands on granitic bedrock-controlled landscapes.

Typically, the Tunbridge soil is on side slopes and

shoulders of hills and ridges and the Lyman soil is on

summits and shoulders. Scattered rock outcrops take

in about 2 to 10 percent of the surface area of this

map unit. Most areas are irregular in shape. Areas

range from 6 to more than 200 acres. The unit is about

45 percent moderately deep, well drained Tunbridge

soil, 30 percent shallow, somewhat excessively

drained Lyman soil, and 25 percent other soils and

rock outcrops. The Tunbridge soils and Lyman soils

are intermingled so closely that they could not be

separated at the scale selected for mapping.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Tunbridge soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 2 inches, dark reddish brown silt loam

Subsurface layer:

2 to 3 inches, brown silt loam

Subsoil:

3 to 19 inches, dark reddish brown and dark brown silt

loam

19 to 30 inches, dark yellowish brown gravelly very

fine sandy loam

Bedrock:

30 inches, granitic bedrock

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Lyman soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 3 inches, black silt loam

Subsurface layer:

3 to 4 inches, pinkish gray silt loam

Subsoil:

4 to 14 inches, reddish brown silt loam

Bedrock:

14 inches, granitic bedrock

Included with these soils in mapping are small

areas of very shallow mineral soils that are less than

10 inches deep over bedrock, generally near rock

outcrops. Also included are areas of very shallow to

moderately deep, organic Ricker soils; some areas of

very poorly drained Tughill soils and poorly drained

Lyme soils in low-lying parts of the unit; and mucky,

very poorly drained Loxley soils and silty, very poorly

drained Wegatchie soils in narrow troughs. Also

included are areas of sandy Adams soils and gravelly

Colton soils along streams, areas of very deep

Potsdam and Berkshire soils on lower backslopes

where the bedrock is deeper than 60 inches, and

areas of soils and rock outcrops that have significantly
St. Lawrence County, New York 217

steeper slopes. Included areas range to 6 acres and

make up about 25 percent of this unit.

Important properties of the Tunbridge soil—

Permeability: Moderate or moderately rapid throughout

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Moderate

Soil reaction: Extremely acid to moderately acid in the

surface layer and the subsoil and strongly acid to

slightly acid in the substratum

Erosion hazard: Severe

Depth to water table: More than 6 feet throughout the

year

Depth to bedrock: 20 to 40 inches

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Important properties of the Lyman soil—

Permeability: Moderately rapid throughout

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Very low or low

Soil reaction: Extremely acid to moderately acid

throughout

Erosion hazard: Severe

Depth to water table: More than 6 feet throughout the

year

Depth to bedrock: Between 10 and 20 inches

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Most areas of these soils are forested.

These soils are unsuited to row crops because of

steep slopes, rock outcrops, low available moisture

capacity on the Lyman soil, and low soil fertility.

Erosion is a serious hazard.

These soils are poorly suited to pasture. Uneven

topography, rock outcrops, slope, and included scarps

and wetter soils are severe limitations to use of

equipment needed to improve and maintain pasture.

Proper stocking rates and brush control are

management concerns. Grazing these soils when wet

causes surface compaction. Overgrazing can diminish

quantity and quality of forage plants and can cause an

erosion hazard.

Potential productivity for sugar maple on these soils

is moderate or high on the Tunbridge soil and low on

the Lyman soil. In exposed areas erosion is a hazard.

Laying out logging roads and skid trails on the contour

and building water bars to protect roads and trails

when not in use help to control erosion. In some areas

rock outcrops impede use of planting and logging

equipment. The seedling mortality rate is moderate on

the droughty Lyman soil. Planting seedlings in spring

while the soil is still moist is needed to enhance

seedling survival. On the Lyman soil shallow depth

to bedrock limits root development and the

windthrow hazard is severe. Minimizing thinning and

planting shallow-rooted species help to reduce

windthrow.

Slope and depth to bedrock on both the Tunbridge

and Lyman soils are the main limitations to use of

these soils as a site for dwellings with basements.

Adapting designs for structures to steep slopes is

needed. Building above bedrock and landscaping with

additional fill will provide a suitable building site. An

alternative is to build on deep, included or nearby

soils, such as Potsdam soils, that are better suited to

this use.

Shallow depth to bedrock on the Lyman soil and

slope are severe limitations to use of these soils as a

site for local roads and streets. Grades and routes of

roads can be planned to avoid rock removal. In some

areas, however, blasting is needed. Constructing

roads on the contour and adapting road design to

slope help to overcome slope.

These soils are unsuitable for septic tank

absorption fields because of slope and depth to

bedrock. An alternative is to place the absorption

field on included or nearby soils, such as very

deep Berkshire soils, that are better suited to this

use.

The capability subclass is 7s for the Tunbridge and

Lyman soils. The forestland ordination symbol is 3R for

the Tunbridge soil and 2D for the Lyman soil.

TwC—Tunbridge-Lyman-Dawson

complex, rolling, very rocky

This map unit consists of soils on rolling landforms

on uplands on granitic bedrock-controlled landscapes.

Typically, the Tunbridge soil is on side slopes and

footslopes, the Lyman soil is on tops and shoulders of

knolls and ridges, and the Dawson soil is in

intervening basins. Scattered rock outcrops make up

about 2 to 10 percent of the total surface area of this

unit. Slopes are complex and range from 5 to 15

percent on the Tunbridge and Lyman soils; they range

from 0 to 2 percent on the flatter, basin-like Dawson

soil. Most areas are irregular in shape. Areas range

from 6 to more than 200 acres. The unit is about 40

percent moderately deep, well drained Tunbridge soil;

20 percent shallow, somewhat excessively drained

Lyman soil; 20 percent Dawson soil; and 20 percent

other soils and rock outcrops. The Tunbridge, Lyman,

and Dawson soils are intermingled so closely that they

could not be separated at the scale selected for

mapping.
218 Soil Survey

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Tunbridge soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 2 inches, dark reddish brown silt loam

Subsurface layer:

2 to 3 inches, brown silt loam

Subsoil:

3 to 19 inches, dark reddish brown and dark brown silt

loam

19 to 30 inches, dark yellowish brown gravelly very

fine sandy loam

Bedrock:

30 inches, granitic bedrock

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Lyman soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 3 inches, black silt loam

Subsurface layer:

3 to 4 inches, pinkish gray silt loam

Subsoil:

4 to 14 inches, reddish brown silt loam

Bedrock:

14 inches, granitic bedrock

Typically the sequence, depth, and composition of

the layers of the Dawson soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 5 inches, yellowish brown peat

Subsurface layer:

5 to 30 inches, black muck

Substratum:

30 to 72 inches, gray loamy sand

Included with these soils in mapping are small

areas of very shallow mineral soils, generally near

rock outcrops, that are less than 10 inches deep over

bedrock. Also included, on similar landforms, are

areas of very shallow, organic Ricker soils; small areas

of very poorly drained, loamy Tughill soils and

somewhat poorly drained Lyme soils in basins and

swales; and areas of silty, very poorly drained

Wegatchie soils or very poorly drained, highly variable

Borosaprists and Fluvaquents in narrow troughs. Also

included are areas of sandy Adams soils and gravelly

Colton soils along streams; some areas of deep soils

along lower backslopes; areas of very deep Berkshire

and Potsdam soils; and areas of steeper sloping soils

and bedrock scarps. Included areas range to 6 acres

and make up about 20 percent of this unit.

Important properties of the Tunbridge soil—

Permeability: Moderate or moderately rapid throughout

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Moderate

Soil reaction: Extremely acid to moderately acid in the

surface layer and the subsoil and strongly acid to

slightly acid in the substratum

Erosion hazard: Severe

Depth to water table: More than 6 feet

Depth to bedrock: 20 to 40 inches

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Important properties of the Lyman soil—

Permeability: Moderately rapid throughout

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Very low or low

Soil reaction: Extremely acid to moderately acid

throughout

Erosion hazard: Severe

Depth to water table: More than 6 feet throughout the

year

Depth to bedrock: Between 10 and 20 inches

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Important properties of the Dawson soil—

Permeability: Moderate or moderately rapid in the

surface layer, moderately slow to moderately rapid

in the underlying organic layers, and rapid in the

sandy substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): High

Soil reaction: Extremely acid in the organic material

and very strongly acid to slightly acid in the

substratum

Erosion hazard: Slight

Depth to water table: From 1 foot above the surface to

1 foot below from September to June

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Most areas of this soil are woodland. Some areas

are pasture.

These soils are poorly suited to cultivated crops.

Rock outcrops and complex slopes obstruct use of

tillage and harvesting equipment. Also, the Lyman soil

is very droughty during most of the growing season

and the Dawson soil is very wet during most of the

year.
St. Lawrence County, New York 219

These soils are poorly suited to pasture. The

uneven topography, shallow depth to bedrock on the

Lyman and Tunbridge soils, wetness on the Dawson

soil, and included scarps and rock outcrops are

severe limitations to use of equipment needed to

improve and maintain pasture. Proper stocking rates

and brush control are management concerns.

Grazing these soils when wet causes surface

compaction. Overgrazing can diminish quantity and

quality of forage plants and can cause an erosion

hazard.

Potential productivity for trees on these soils is low

or moderate. In some areas wetness on the Dawson

soil, uneven terrain, rock outcrops, and scarps limit

use of planting and logging equipment. The seedling

mortality rate is moderate on the droughty Lyman soil.

It is high on the Dawson soil. The high water table on

the Dawson soil and shallow depth to bedrock on the

Lyman soil cause a severe windthrow hazard on these

soils. On the Lyman soil planting seedlings in spring

while the soil is still moist helps to decrease seedling

survival. Minimizing clearcutting and selecting

naturally shallow-rooted trees help to reduce

windthrow.

Depth to bedrock on the Tunbridge and Lyman soils

and the high water table on the Dawson soil are the

main limitations to use of these soils as a site for

dwellings with basements. On the Lyman and

Tunbridge soils blasting or depositing additional fill

materials is needed because of shallow or moderate

depth to bedrock. On the Dawson soil footing drains

help to reduce wetness. An alternative is to select

included or nearby soils that are better suited to this

use.

Shallow depth to bedrock on the Lyman soil,

wetness on the Dawson soil, and moderate depth to

bedrock on the Tunbridge soil are severe limitations to

use of these soils as a site for local roads and streets.

Grades and routes of roads can be planned to avoid

rock removal. In some areas blasting is needed.

Because ponding, wetness, subsidence, and

excessive potential for frost action are severe

limitations on the Dawson soil, this soil is to be

avoided for roads and streets.

These soils are poorly suited to use as a site for

septic tank absorption fields. Depth to bedrock on the

Tunbridge and Lyman soils and ponding and wetness

on the Dawson soil are the main limitations. An

alternative is to place the absorption field on included

or nearby soils, such as Berkshire soils, that are better

suited to this use.

The capability subclass is 7s for the Tunbridge and

Lyman soils and 7w for the Dawson soil. The

forestland ordination symbol is 3A for the Tunbridge

soil, 2D for the Lyman soil, and 2W for the Dawson

soil.

Ua—Udipsamments, smoothed

This map unit consists of very deep, nearly level to

steep, moderately well drained to excessively drained,

mostly neutral and alkaline sandy materials dredged

from the St. Lawrence River during construction of the

St. Lawrence Seaway. It also consists of areas where

the soils formed in sandy materials that were

deposited or that remained after excavation, some of

which were shaped and smoothed. The topography of

these areas ranges from slightly concave, nearly level

areas to large, convex hills. Slopes range from 0 to 25

percent. Areas are irregular in shape and range from 6

to 100 acres. The soils in this map unit are classified

above the series level because of their variable

characteristics and properties.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of Udipsamments, smoothed—

Surface layer:

Very dark grayish brown sand to sandy loam, 2 to 10

inches thick

Substratum:

Gray, grayish brown, brown, and dark reddish

brown sand or fine sand, more than 20 inches

thick

Included with Udipsamments, smooth, in mapping

are areas of deep, loamy, well drained Grenville soils

and moderately well drained Hogansburg soils on

undisturbed knobs and crests of small hills. Also

included are areas of loamy over clayey, poorly

drained, very deep Swanton soils in undisturbed

depressions; undisturbed areas of very deep,

somewhat poorly drained Muskellunge soils; and

some places, notably along the border of Jefferson

County, where the soils are warmer than normal,

usually by less than 2 degrees. Also included are small

areas of loamy or clayey Udorthents. Included areas

range to 6 acres, and make up about 20 percent of

this unit.

Important properties of Udipsamments, smooth—

Permeability: Moderately slow to rapid in the surface

layer and rapid below

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Very low

Soil reaction: Slightly acid to moderately alkaline

throughout

Erosion hazard: Moderate
220 Soil Survey

Depth to water table: From 1.5 feet to more than 6 feet

from November to May

Depth to bedrock: Generally more than 60 inches

Potential frost action: Low

Shrink swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

The smooth, nearly barren areas of these soils are

in sparse brush or grassland or in low-quality

woodland.

These soils are not suited to agriculture. They are

too alkaline and droughty and are infertile. Also, heavy

grading equipment created a traffic pan on these soils.

Onsite investigation is needed to define limitations and

capabilities on a site-by-site basis.

These soils have a highly variable suitability for

forest management. In most areas low water holding

capacity and high reaction are limitations.

Before undergoing intensive management these

soils require onsite investigation to evaluate areas for

urban development.

The capability subclass is 6s. A forestland

ordination symbol was not assigned.

Ue—Udorthents, loamy

This map unit consists of very deep, nearly level to

steep, moderately well drained and well drained,

mostly neutral and alkaline loamy materials dredged

from the St. Lawrence River during construction of the

St. Lawrence Seaway (fig. 10). It also consists of areas

where the soils formed in loamy soil materials that

were deposited or that remained after scalping for

road building; most of these areas were shaped and

smoothed. The topography of these areas ranges from

slightly concave, nearly level areas to large, convex

hills. Most areas near the St. Lawrence River slope

steeply to the water’s edge. Slopes range from 0 to 25

percent. Areas are irregular in shape and range from 6

to 100 acres. The soils in this map unit are classified

above the series level because their characteristics

and properties are variable.

Udorthents, loamy, consists mainly of a thin, dark

grayish brown sandy loam to silt loam surface layer

that overlies a grayish brown, loamy substratum of

highly variable texture.

Included with these soils in mapping are deep,

loamy, well drained Grenville soils and moderately well

drained Hogansburg soils on undisturbed knobs and

crests of small hills. Also included are areas of loamy

over clayey, somewhat poorly drained and poorly

drained, very deep Swanton soils in undisturbed

depressions, undisturbed areas of very deep,

somewhat poorly drained Muskellunge soils, and small

areas of coarser textured Udipsamments or finer

textured, clayey Udorthents. Included areas range to 6

acres and make up about 20 percent of this unit.

Important properties of Udorthents, loamy—

Permeability: Slow or moderately slow throughout

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Very low to moderate

Soil reaction: Neutral to strongly alkaline throughout

Erosion hazard: Moderate or severe

Depth to water table: Generally more than 2 feet below

the surface from November to May

Depth to bedrock: Generally more than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Shrink swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Areas of these soils are nearly barren, are in

sparse brush or grassland, or are in low-grade

woodland.

These soils are not suited to agriculture because

reaction is too high. Also, in most areas the traffic pan

that heavy grading equipment created restricts rooting

depth and available water capacity. In steeper areas

erosion is hazard, particularly near the St. Lawrence

River. These soils require onsite investigation to define

limitations and capabilities site by site.

This map unit has a highly variable suitability for

forest management. These soils require onsite

investigation before undergoing intensive

management.

These soils require onsite investigations to evaluate

areas for urban development.

The capability subclass is 6s. A forestland

ordination symbol was not assigned.

Uf—Udorthents, clayey

This map unit consists mainly of very deep, nearly

level to strongly sloping, moderately well drained to

well drained, mostly neutral and alkaline silt and clay

materials dredged from the St. Lawrence River during

construction of the St. Lawrence Seaway. It also

includes areas of materials deposited in large shaped

and smoothed piles. In other areas the materials were

deposited as a slurry into dike settling basins. The

topography of these areas ranges from concave,

nearly level, basin-like areas to networks of convex,

strongly sloping hills and scattered, short, steep

sloping areas. Slopes range from 0 to 15 percent.

Areas are irregular in shape and range from 6 to 100

acres. The soils in this map unit are classified above

the series level because their characteristics and

properties are variable.
St. Lawrence County, New York 221

Udorthents, clayey, generally consist of a thin very

dark grayish brown or very dark gray silt loam to clay

surface layer that overlies a grayish brown to gray

substratum (fig. 11).

Included with these soils in mapping are deep,

loamy, well drained Grenville soils and moderately well

drained Hogansburg soils on undisturbed knobs and

crests of small hills. Also included are some small

areas of poorly drained and very poorly drained clayey

soils that consist mainly of man-deposited materials;

areas of loamy over clayey, somewhat poorly drained

and poorly drained, very deep Swanton soils in

undisturbed depressions; and some small areas,

generally on short, steep slopes, where slopes are

steeper than for Udorthents, clayey. Also included are

undisturbed areas of very deep, somewhat poorly

drained Muskellunge soils and small areas of sandy

Udorthents. Included areas range to 6 acres and make

up about 20 percent of this unit.

Important properties of Udorthents, clayey—

Permeability: Very slow to moderately slow

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Moderate or high

Soil reaction: Slightly acid to strongly alkaline

Erosion hazard: Moderate

Depth to water table: Generally more than 2 feet below

the surface from November to May

Depth to bedrock: Generally more than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink swell potential: Moderate

Flooding hazard: Variable

Areas of these soils are not well suited to

agriculture because reaction is generally too high and

heavy grading equipment created a traffic pan. Onsite

investigation is needed to define limitations and

capabilities of these soils site by site.

This map unit has a highly variable suitability for

forest management.

Onsite investigation is needed to evaluate areas of

this map unit for urban development.

The capability subclass is 6s. A forestland

ordination symbol was not assigned.

Ug—Udorthents, mine waste, acid

This map unit consists mainly of very deep, nearly

level to very steep, moderately well drained to

excessively drained acid tailings from lead, feldspar,

zinc, or iron mines. In places soil reaction is so low

that the soil releases heavy metals that contaminate

ground and surface water. The topography of this map

unit, which is mainly piles and dumps, is irregular in

shape. Some areas have open pits and abandoned

mine shafts. Some areas are dangerously subject to

collapse, especially near subsurface mines. Areas are

irregular in shape and range from 6 to 100 acres.

Slopes range from 0 to 50 percent. The soils in this

map unit are classified above the series level because

their characteristics and properties are variable.

These soils are highly variable; they do not have a

typical sequence, depth, or composition of layers. In

most areas, however, the soils are either sandy loam,

loamy sand, or loam, and have highly variable

amounts of rock fragments, ranging from gravel to

stones.

Figure 10.—An area of Udorthents, loamy, along the mainland of the St. Lawrence Seaway. These soils formed in dredgings from the

seaway project.
222 Soil Survey

Included with these soils in mapping are shallow,

well drained Insula soils on undisturbed knobs and

crests of small hills. Also included are areas of loamy

over clayey, somewhat poorly drained and poorly

drained, very deep Swanton soils in undisturbed

depressions and areas of unstabilized, actively

eroding mine spoils. Well drained, loamy Pyrities soils

are included in undisturbed, convex areas.

Important properties of Udorthents, mine waste,

acid—

Permeability: Very slow to rapid throughout

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Low or moderate

Soil reaction: Extremely acid to strongly acid

throughout

Erosion hazard: Moderate or severe

Depth to water table: Perched on the surface in places,

but ranges from 2 feet to more than 6 feet below

the surface between November and May

Depth to bedrock: Dominantly more than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Shrink swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Areas of these soils are nearly barren or are in

sparse brush or low grade woodland.

These soils are not suited to agriculture. They are

too acid, infertile, often droughty, and commonly on

untraversable topography.

These soils have a highly variable suitability for

forest management. In some places, trees grow

well and logging equipment is accessible; in other

places they grow slowly, if at all, and are

inaccessible because of open pits and open mine

shafts.

These soils are suitable for urban use in places;

however, in most areas they are unsuitable because of

the broken topography and hazards posed by open

pits and shafts. Onsite investigation is needed to

evaluate areas for urban development.

The capability subclass is 8. A forestland ordination

symbol was not assigned.

Figure 11.—An area of Udorthents, clayey, along the St. Lawrence Seaway.
St. Lawrence County, New York 223

Uh—Udorthents, mine waste, nonacid

This map unit consists mainly of very deep, nearly

level to steep, moderately well drained to excessively

drained neutral and alkaline tailings from marble

quarries or talc mines. The topography of this map unit

is irregular in shape; it consists mainly of piles and

dumps. Some areas have open pits and abandoned

mine shafts. Some areas are dangerously subject to

collapse, especially near subsurface mines. Areas are

irregular in shape and range from 6 to 100 acres.

Slopes range from 0 to 50 percent. The soils in this

map unit are classified above the series level because

their characteristics and properties are variable.

These soils are highly variable; they do not have a

typical sequence, depth, or composition of layers. In

most areas, however, they are either sandy loam,

loamy sand, or loam and have highly variable amounts

of rock fragments, ranging from gravel to stones.

Included with these soils in mapping are shallow,

well drained Summerville soils on undisturbed knobs

and crests of small hills. Also included are areas of

loamy over clayey, somewhat poorly drained and

poorly drained, very deep Swanton soils in

undisturbed depressions and well drained, loamy

Pyrities soils in undisturbed, convex shaped areas.

Included areas range to 6 acres and make up about

15 percent of this unit.

Important properties of Udorthents, mine waste,

nonacid —

Permeability: Very slow to rapid throughout

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Low or moderate

Soil reaction: Neutral to strongly alkaline throughout

Erosion hazard: Moderate or severe

Depth to water table: Perched on the surface in places,

but ranges from 2 feet to more than 6 feet below

the surface between November and May

Depth to bedrock: Dominantly more than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Shrink swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Areas of these soils are nearly barren, are in

sparse brush, or are in low-quality woodland.

These soils are not suited to agriculture. They are

infertile, are often droughty, and are on generally

untraversable topography.

These soils have a highly variable suitability for

forest management. In some places trees grow well

and logging equipment is accessible; in other places

trees grow slowly, if at all, and are inaccessible

because of open pits and open mine shafts.

These soils are suitable for urban use in some

places; however, in most areas it is unsuitable

because of the broken topography and the hazardous

open pits and shafts. Onsite investigation is needed to

define areas for urban development.

The capability subclass is 7s. A forestland

ordination symbol was not assigned.

Un—Udorthents, refuse substratum

This map unit consists of well drained soils formed

mainly on sanitary landfills. These soils are highly

variable because the material used as the final cover

for the landfill often was mixed with refuse. Most areas

have been smoothed and graded.

A short, steep slope demarcates the perimeters of

many of these units. Slopes range from 0 to 5 percent.

Areas are irregular in shape and range from 6 to 25

acres. The soils in this map unit are classified above

the series level because their characteristics and

properties are variable.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of Udorthents, refuse substratum, are highly

variable; they consist of mineral soil of various textures

and colors, overlying refuse.

Included with these soils in mapping are areas of

deep, loamy, well drained Grenville and Pyrities soils

and sandy, somewhat excessively drained Adams

soils on undisturbed knobs and crests of small hills.

Also included are undisturbed areas of loamy over

clayey, somewhat poorly drained and poorly drained,

very deep Swanton soils and undisturbed areas of

very deep, somewhat poorly drained Muskellunge

soils. Also included are small areas of rock outcrops

and many areas of short, steep slopes encircling at

least part of the perimeter. Included areas range to 6

acres and make up about 20 percent of this unit.

Important properties of Udorthents, refuse

substratum—

Permeability: Very slow to rapid throughout

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Very low to moderate

Soil reaction: Strongly acid to moderately alkaline

throughout

Erosion hazard: Moderate

Depth to water table: More than 6 feet

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Shrink swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Areas of these soils are nearly barren or are in

sparse brush or grassland.

These soils are poorly suited to agriculture. They
224 Soil Survey

are possibly contaminated, sometimes droughty, and

infertile. Also, heavy grading equipment has created a

traffic pan on these soils. Onsite investigation is

needed to define limitations and capabilities site by

site.

These soils have a highly variable suitability for

forest management. Slopes generally are favorable for

tree planting; however, the density of the compacted

layer and the fertility of these soils vary widely. Also,

these soils often have little available water for plants.

Onsite investigation is needed before these soils

undergo intensive forest management.

Onsite investigations are needed to evaluate areas

for urban development.

The capability subclass is 7s. A forestland

ordination symbol was not assigned.

Ur—Urban land

This map unit consists of areas where asphalt,

concrete, or other impervious building material cover

at least 85 percent of the surface. Most areas are

parking lots, shopping centers, industrial parks, or

institutional sites. Many areas are in business centers

of villages and cities. Most areas are nearly level;

some are gently sloping. A few small areas are

strongly sloping. Areas are irregular in shape,

generally with straight sides and angular corners, and

range from about 6 to 60 acres.

Included with these soils in mapping are small

areas of soils that are mostly unaltered or do not have

an impervious cover. Areas are mainly in lawns or

other landscaped areas. Also included are some areas

of well drained loamy Pyrities and Grenville soils on

strongly sloping knolls or hills and small areas of

somewhat poorly drained, clayey Muskellunge soils in

nearly level places. Included areas range to 6 acres

and make up about 15 percent of this unit.

In many areas rapid or very rapid runoff prevents

adequate discharge of runoff from intense rainstorms

to safe outlets. A few areas are in low spots, where

seasonal wetness sometimes causes temporary

flooding or frost heaving that breaks up pavement.

A capability class was not assigned. A forestland

ordination symbol was not assigned.

WaA—Waddington gravelly sandy loam, 0

to 3 percent slopes

This is a very deep, nearly level, somewhat

excessively drained soil formed in water-sorted

materials on terraces and tops of kames and

moraines. Most areas are elongated with irregular

margins. Areas are 6 to 25 acres, but the range is 6 to

100 acres.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Waddington soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 8 inches, dark brown gravelly sandy loam

Subsoil:

8 to 12 inches, strong brown gravelly loam

12 to 19 inches, brown very gravelly sandy loam

Substratum:

19 to 36 inches, dark grayish brown and dark brown

very gravelly loamy sand

36 to 72 inches, grayish brown and dark grayish brown

extremely gravelly sandy loam

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

moderately well drained Heuvelton and Depeyster

soils on footslopes and benches. These soils have a

higher clay content than that of the Waddington soil.

Also included are small areas of Raquette soils where

the gravel content is lower than that in the Waddington

soil; areas of Adams soils where deposits are mostly

sand and very little gravel; and, on saddles and

shoulders of ridges and hills, areas of Grenville and

Pyrities soils that formed in glacial till, contain less

gravel than the Waddington soil, and are loamy

throughout the subsoil. Also included are a few small

areas where excessive stones and cobbles are on the

surface. Included areas range to 6 acres and make up

about 20 percent of this unit.

Important properties of the Waddington soil—

Permeability: Moderate in the surface layer,

moderately rapid in the upper part of the subsoil,

and rapid or very rapid in the lower part of the

subsoil and the substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Very low or low

Soil reaction: Slightly acid or neutral in the

surface layer, neutral or slightly alkaline in the

upper part of the subsoil, neutral to moderately

alkaline in the lower part of the subsoil, and

slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline in the

substratum

Erosion hazard: Slight

Depth to water table: More than 6 feet

Depth to rock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Most areas of this soil are used for cultivated crops
St. Lawrence County, New York 225

or hay. Other areas are used for pasture or are

wooded. A few areas are mined for gravel.

This soil is suitable for most crops. It tends to be

droughty during dry periods in summer because of the

low available water holding capacity. Returning crop

residue and other organic matter to the soil helps to

improve water holding capacity. Conservation tillage

and crop rotations that include sod crops help to

increase water holding capacity and to improve or

restore soil tilth. These soils respond well to lime and

fertilizer applied according to soil tests. Applying

fertilizer and lime in small increments help to prevent

excessive losses from leaching.

This soil is well suited to hay and pasture. Available

water capacity is low, and in some years plants on this

soil are subject to moisture stress during prolonged

dry periods. Overgrazing is a concern, especially

during dry periods. Returning crop residue and other

organic matter to the soil helps to improve water

holding capacity. Close monitoring of pasture

conditions, maintaining proper stocking rates, and

rotational grazing help to maintain populations of

desirable plant species. On pasture applying lime and

fertilizer according to soil tests and yearly mowing are

needed.

Potential productivity for red oak on this soil is

moderate. The soil can be droughty, and seedling

mortality is a management concern. Planting

seedlings in spring while the soil is still moist will

increase the seedling survival rate.

There are few limitations to the use of this soil as a

site for dwellings with basements. Cutbanks caving in

is a hazard during construction. For personal safety,

before deep, narrow excavations are entered cutbanks

need to be shored up and buttressed to prevent caveins.

Potential for frost action is a moderate limitation to

use of this soil as a site for local roads and streets.

Providing coarser grained subgrade or base material

to frost depth helps to prevent frost action from

damaging pavement.

Very rapid permeability in the substratum is a

severe limitation to use of this soil as a site for septic

tank absorption fields. The soil is a poor filter of

effluent, and ground-water contamination is a hazard.

In many areas a special or unconventional design for a

septic system, where code permits, could be used. An

alternative is to place the absorption field on included

or nearby soils, such as Grenville soils, that are better

suited to this use.

Most areas of this soil are excellent sources of

gravel and sand.

The capability subclass is 3s. The forestland

ordination symbol is 3F.

WaB—Waddington gravelly sandy loam, 3

to 8 percent slopes

This is a very deep, gently sloping, somewhat

excessively drained soil formed in water-sorted

materials on terraces and tops of kames and

moraines. Most areas are elongated with irregular

margins. Areas are 6 to 25 acres, but the range is 6 to

100 acres.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Waddington soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 8 inches, dark brown gravelly sandy loam

Subsoil:

8 to 12 inches, strong brown gravelly loam

12 to 19 inches, brown very gravelly sandy loam

Substratum:

19 to 36 inches, dark grayish brown and dark brown

very gravelly loamy sand

36 to 72 inches, grayish brown and dark grayish brown

extremely gravelly sandy loam

Included with this soil in mapping, on footslopes

and benches, are some small areas of moderately well

drained Heuvelton and Depeyster soils that have a

higher clay content than that in the Waddington soil.

Also included, on saddles and shoulders of ridges and

hills, are small areas of Raquette soils where the

gravel content is lower than that in the Waddington

soil; areas of Adams soils where deposits are mostly

sand and very little gravel; and areas of Grenville and

Pyrities soils that formed in glacial till, contain less

gravel, and are loamy throughout the subsoil. Also

included are small areas where excessive stones or

cobbles are on the surface. Included areas range to 6

acres and make up about 20 percent of this unit.

Important properties of the Waddington soil—

Permeability: Moderate in the surface layer,

moderately rapid in the upper part of the subsoil,

and rapid or very rapid in the lower part of the

subsoil and substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Very low or low

Soil reaction: Slightly acid to neutral in the surface

layer, neutral to slightly alkaline in the upper part

of the subsoil, neutral to moderately alkaline in the

lower part of the subsoil, and slightly alkaline to

moderately alkaline in the substratum

Erosion hazard: Moderate

Depth to water table: More than 6 feet

Depth to rock: More than 60 inches
226 Soil Survey

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Most areas of this soil are used for cultivated

crops or hay. Other areas are used for pasture or

are wooded. A few areas are mined for

gravel.

This soil is fairly suited to most crops. It tends to be

droughty during dry periods in summer. Returning

crop residue and other organic matter to the soil adds

a mulch layer and helps to improve water holding

capacity. If the soil has an insufficient vegetative cover,

erosion is a hazard on longer, steeper slopes. Contour

tillage, conservation tillage, and crop rotations that

include sod crops help to control erosion, to increase

water holding capacity, and to improve or restore soil

tilth. These soils respond well to lime and fertilizer

applied according to soil tests. Applying fertilizer and

lime in small increments helps to prevent leaching and

to reduce nutrient loss.

This soil is well suited to hay and pasture. In some

years plants on these soils are subject to moisture

stress during prolonged dry periods. Returning crop

residue and other organic matter to the soil helps to

improve water holding capacity. Overgrazing can

diminish vegetative cover and can cause an erosion

hazard. Close monitoring of pasture conditions,

maintaining proper stocking rates, and rotational

grazing help to control erosion and to maintain

populations of desirable plant species. Applying lime

and fertilizer according to soil tests and yearly mowing

are needed on pasture.

Potential productivity for red oak on this soil is

moderate. The soil can be droughty, and seedling

mortality is a management concern. Planting

seedlings in spring while the soil is still moist will

enhance the rate of seedling survival.

This soil has few limitations to use as a site for

dwellings with basements. Cutbanks caving in is a

hazard during construction. For personal safety,

before deep, narrow excavations are entered cutbanks

need to be shored up and buttressed to prevent caveins.

Potential for frost action is a moderate limitation to

use of this soil as a site for local roads and streets.

Providing coarser grained subgrade or base material

to frost depth helps to prevent frost action from

damaging pavement.

Very rapid permeability in the substratum is a

severe limitation to use of this soil as a site for septic

tank absorption fields. The soil is a poor filter of

effluent, and ground-water contamination is a hazard.

In many areas a special or unconventional design for a

septic system, where code permits, could be used. An

alternative is to place the absorption field on included

or nearby soils, such as Grenville soils, that are better

suited to this use.

Most areas of this soil are excellent sources of

gravel and sand.

The capability subclass is 3s. The forestland

ordination symbol is 3F.

WaC—Waddington gravelly sandy loam,

rolling

This is a very deep, rolling, somewhat excessively

drained soil formed in water-sorted materials on tops

and side slopes of terraces, kames, and moraines.

Most slopes are complex and range from 5 to 15

percent. Most areas are elongated with irregular

margins. Areas are 6 to 25 acres, but the range is 6 to

100 acres.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Waddington soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 8 inches, dark brown gravelly sandy loam

Subsoil:

8 to 12 inches, strong brown gravelly loam

12 to 19 inches, brown very gravelly sandy loam

Substratum:

19 to 36 inches, dark grayish brown and dark brown

very gravelly loamy sand

36 to 72 inches, grayish brown and dark grayish brown

extremely gravelly sandy loam

Included with this soil in mapping, on footslopes

and benches, are small areas of moderately well

drained Heuvelton and Depeyster soils that have a

higher clay content than the Waddington soil. Also

included are small areas of Raquette soils in small

deposits where the gravel content is lower than that in

the Waddington soil; areas of Adams soils where

deposits are mostly sand and very little gravel; and, on

tops and side slopes of small hills and ridges, areas of

Grenville and Pyrities soils that have fewer rock

fragments in the solum than the Waddington soil. Also

included are a few small areas where excessive

stones or cobbles are on the surface. Included areas

range to 6 acres and make up about 20 percent of this

unit.

Important properties of the Waddington soil—

Permeability: Moderate in the surface layer,

moderately rapid in the upper part of the subsoil,

and rapid or very rapid in the lower part of the

subsoil and substratum
St. Lawrence County, New York 227

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Very low or low

Soil reaction: Slightly acid or neutral in the surface

layer, neutral or slightly alkaline in the upper part

of the subsoil, neutral to moderately alkaline in the

lower part of the subsoil, and slightly alkaline or

moderately alkaline in the substratum

Erosion hazard: Moderate

Depth to water table: More than 6 feet

Depth to rock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Most areas of this soil are used for hay and pasture.

Some areas are in cultivated crops or are wooded. A

few areas are mined for gravel.

This soil is poorly suited to cultivated crops

because erosion is a severe hazard. Crop rotations

that emphasize sod crops, conservation tillage,

contour tillage, and stripcropping help to control

erosion. The soil is droughty because of low available

water capacity. Returning crop residue and adding

organic matter to the soil help to improve water

holding capacity. Adding lime and fertilizer according

to soil tests helps to improve crop yields.

This soil is fairly well suited to hay and pasture.

Overgrazing can diminish vegetative cover and can

cause a severe erosion hazard. Close monitoring of

pasture conditions, maintaining proper stocking rates,

and rotational grazing help to maintain pasture

seeding and to control erosion. In some years plants

on these soils are subject to moisture stress during

prolonged dry periods. Returning crop residue and

adding organic matter to the soil help to improve water

holding capacity.

Potential productivity for red oak on this soil is

moderate. The soil can be droughty; thus, seedling

mortality is a management concern. Planting

seedlings in spring while the soil is still moist helps to

improve the seedling survival rate. Slope is a

moderate limitation to equipment use.

Slope is a moderate limitation to use of this soil as a

site for dwellings with basements. Designing the

structure to conform to the natural slope and cutting

and filling to shape the land help to overcome this

limitation. Cutbanks caving in is a hazard during

construction. For personal safety, before deep, narrow

excavations are entered cutbanks need to be shored

up and buttressed to prevent cave-ins.

Potential for frost action and slope are moderate

limitations to use of this soil as a site for local roads

and streets. Providing coarser grained subgrade or

base material to frost depth helps to prevent frost

action from damaging pavement. Constructing roads

on the contour and land shaping and grading help to

overcome this limitation.

Very rapid permeability in the substratum is a

severe limitation to use of this soil as a site for septic

tank absorption fields. The soil is a poor filter of

effluent, and ground-water contamination is a hazard.

An alternative is to build the absorption field on

included or nearby soils, such as Grenville soils, that

are better suited to this use.

Many areas of this soil are excellent sources of

gravel and sand.

The capability subclass is 3e. The forestland

ordination symbol is 3F.

WaD—Waddington gravelly sandy loam,

15 to 35 percent slopes

This is a very deep, moderately steep and steep,

somewhat excessively drained soil formed in watersorted materials on tops and side slopes of terraces,

kames, and moraines. Most areas are elongated.

Areas are 6 to 25 acres, but the range is 6 to 100

acres.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Waddington soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 8 inches, dark brown gravelly sandy loam

Subsoil:

8 to 12 inches, strong brown gravelly loam

12 to 19 inches, brown very gravelly sandy loam

Substratum:

19 to 36 inches, dark grayish brown and dark brown

very gravelly loamy sand

36 to 72 inches, grayish brown and dark grayish brown

extremely gravelly sandy loam

Included with this soil in mapping, on footslopes

and benches, are some small areas of moderately well

drained Heuvelton and Depeyster soils, which have a

higher clay content than the Waddington soil. Also

included are small areas of Raquette soils where the

gravel content is lower than that in the Waddington

soil; areas of Adams soils where deposits are mostly

sand and very little gravel; and, on benches and on

shoulders of ridges and hills, areas of Grenville and

Pyrities soils, which formed in glacial till and are loamy

throughout the subsoil. Also included are a few small

areas where excessive stones or cobbles are on the

surface. Included areas range to 6 acres and make up

about 20 percent of this unit.

Important properties of the Waddington soil—
228 Soil Survey

Permeability: Moderate in the surface layer,

moderately rapid in the upper part of the subsoil,

and rapid or very rapid in the lower part of the

subsoil and substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Very low or low

Soil reaction: Slightly acid or neutral in the surface

layer, neutral or slightly alkaline in the upper part

of the subsoil, neutral to moderately alkaline in the

lower part of the subsoil, and slightly alkaline to

moderately alkaline in the substratum

Erosion hazard: Moderate

Depth to water table: More than 6 feet

Depth to rock: Greater than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Many areas of this soil are used for hay and

pasture. Some areas are wooded. A few areas are

mined for gravel.

This soil is unsuited to cultivated crops. Slopes are

moderately steep and steep, and erosion is a hazard.

A continuous sod cover helps to control erosion.

This soil is fairly suited to hay and pasture.

Moderately steep and steep slopes hinder use of farm

equipment. Overgrazing can diminish vegetative cover

and can cause a severe erosion hazard. Closely

monitoring pasture conditions, maintaining proper

stocking rates, and rotational grazing help to control

erosion and to maintain populations of desirable plant

species. In some years plants are subject to moisture

stress during prolonged dry periods. Returning crop

residue and other organic matter to the soil helps to

improve water holding capacity.

Potential productivity for red oak on this soil is

moderate. Moderately steep and steep slopes hinder

use of heavy equipment. The soil can be droughty, and

seedling mortality is a management concern. Planting

seedlings in spring while the soil is still moist helps to

enhance the seedling survival rate.

Slope is a severe limitation to use of this soil as a

site for dwellings with basements. Designing the

structure to conform to slope and cutting and filling to

shape the land help to overcome this limitation.

Cutbanks caving in is a hazard during construction.

For personal safety, before deep, narrow excavations

are entered cutbanks need to be shored up and

buttressed to prevent cave-ins.

Slope is the main limitation to use of this soil as a

site for local roads and streets. Constructing roads on

the contour, land shaping and grading, and adapting

road design to slope help to overcome this limitation.

This soil is unsuitable for septic tank absorption

fields because of very rapid permeability in the

substratum and moderately steep and steep slopes.

An alternative is to place the absorption field on

included or nearby soils, such as Grenville soils, that

are better suited to this use.

Most areas of this soil are excellent sources of

gravel and sand.

The capability subclass is 6e. The forestland

ordination symbol is 3F.

WdB—Waddington very cobbly sandy

loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes

This is a very deep, gently sloping, somewhat

excessively drained soil formed in water-sorted

materials on terraces and on tops of kames and

moraines. Most areas are elongated with irregular

margins. Areas are 6 to 25 acres, but the range is 6 to

50 acres.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Waddington soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 8 inches, dark brown very cobbly sandy loam

Subsoil:

8 to 12 inches, strong brown gravelly loam

12 to 19 inches, brown very gravelly sandy loam

Substratum:

19 to 36 inches, dark grayish brown and dark brown

very gravelly loamy sand

36 to 72 inches, grayish brown and dark grayish brown

extremely gravelly sandy loam

Included with this soil in mapping, on footslopes

and benches, are some small areas of moderately well

drained Heuvelton and Depeyster soils, which have a

higher clay content than the Waddington soil. Also

included are small areas of Raquette soils where

gravel content is lower than that in the Waddington

soil; areas of Adams soils where deposits are mostly

sand and very little gravel; and, on saddles and

shoulders of ridges and hills, areas of Grenville and

Pyrities soils, which have less gravel than that in the

Waddington soil. Included areas range to 6 acres and

make up about 20 percent of this unit.

Important properties of the Waddington soil—

Permeability: Moderate in the surface layer,

moderately rapid in the upper part of the subsoil,

and rapid or very rapid in the lower part of the

subsoil and substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): Very low or low

Soil reaction: Slightly acid or neutral in the surface
St. Lawrence County, New York 229

layer, neutral or slightly alkaline in the upper part

of the subsoil, neutral to moderately alkaline in the

lower part of the subsoil, and slightly alkaline or

moderately alkaline in the substratum

Erosion hazard: Moderate

Depth to water table: More than 6 feet

Depth to rock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Many areas of this soil are used for hay or pasture.

A few areas are used for cultivated crops or as

woodland or are mined for gravel.

This soil is poorly suited to most crops. Numerous

cobbles in the surface layer cause excessive wear on

tillage equipment and diminish soil productivity. The

soil can be very droughty during dry periods in

summer. Returning crop residue and other organic

matter to the soil helps to improve water holding

capacity. Erosion is a hazard on longer, steeper

slopes. Conservation tillage and crop rotations that

emphasize sod crops help to control erosion, to

reduce wear on machinery, to enhance water holding

capacity, and to improve or restore soil tilth.

This soil is fairly suited to hay and pasture. In some

years plants on these soils are subject to severe

moisture stress during prolonged dry periods.

Returning crop residue and other organic matter help

to improve water holding capacity. Overgrazing can

diminish vegetative cover and can cause an erosion

hazard. Proper stocking rates and rotational grazing

help to control erosion and to maintain populations of

desirable plant species. Numerous cobbles in the

surface layer cause excessive wear on machinery

during reseeding operations.

Potential productivity for trees on this soil is

moderate. The soil can be droughty, and seedling

mortality is a management concern. Planting

seedlings in spring while the soil is still moist helps to

enhance the seedling survival rate.

Excavating and disposing of large stones are

needed if this soil is used as a site for dwellings with

basements. Cutbanks caving in is a hazard during

construction. For personal safety, before deep, narrow

excavations are entered cutbanks need to be shored

up and buttressed to prevent cave-ins.

Potential for frost action is a moderate limitation to

use of this soil as a site for local roads and streets.

Providing coarser grained subgrade or base material

to frost depth helps to prevent frost action from

damaging pavement. Excavating and disposing of

large stones is a problem on this soil.

This map unit is unsuitable for septic tank

absorption fields because of very rapid permeability in

the substratum. An alternative is to place the

absorption field on included or nearby soils, such as

Grenville soils, that are better suited to this use.

Most areas of this soil are excellent sources of

gravel and sand.

The capability subclass is 3s. The forestland

ordination symbol is 3F.

Wg—Wegatchie silt loam

This is a very deep, nearly level, poorly drained soil

formed in clayey sediments in low-lying basins or

along streams. Most areas are irregular in shape.

Areas are 6 to 30 acres, but the range is 6 to more

than 100 acres. Slopes are smooth and range from 0

to 3 percent.

Typical sequence, depth, and composition of the

layers of the Wegatchie soil—

Surface layer:

0 to 8 inches, very dark gray silt loam

Subsoil:

8 to 13 inches, gray clay loam

13 to 19 inches, dark gray silty clay loam

19 to 40 inches, dark gray silt loam

Substratum:

40 to 72 inches, yellowish brown silt loam

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

Dorval soils in wetter depressions where organic

matter accumulates on the surface. Also included are

moderately well drained Depeyster soils on convex

knolls and in other higher areas; areas of somewhat

poorly drained Hailesboro soils and somewhat poorly

drained and poorly drained, coarse loamy over clayey

Swanton soils in slightly higher places in the map unit;

and some small areas of finer-textured Adjidaumo

soils. Also included are small areas of loamy, well

drained Grenville and Pyrities soils; small areas of

moderately well drained Hogansburg and Kalurah

soils; and small areas of somewhat poorly drained

Malone soils on small hills and knolls. Included areas

range to 6 acres and make up about 20 percent of this

unit.

Important properties of the Wegatchie soil—

Permeability: Moderate in the surface layer and

moderately slow in the subsoil and substratum

Available water capacity (average for a 40-inch soil

profile): High

Soil reaction: Moderately acid to neutral in the surface

layer, slightly acid to slightly alkaline in the subsoil,
230

and neutral to moderately alkaline in the

substratum

Erosion hazard: Slight

Depth to water table: From the surface to a depth of 1

foot below the surface from November to June

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding hazard: None

Most areas of this soil are used for hay and pasture.

Many areas are wooded. Some areas are used for

cultivated crops. Some cleared areas are idle and are

reverting to brush.

This soil is poorly suited to cultivated crops

because of seasonal wetness. In some places suitable

outlets for artificial drainage are difficult to find.

Conservation tillage, crop residue on and in the soil,

and cover crops improve tilth.

This soil is poorly suited to hay and pasture. The

seasonal high water table restricts the rooting depth of

some plants, especially legumes. Grazing the soil

when wet causes surface compaction and loss of tilth.

Installing artificial drainage and selecting shallowrooted, water-tolerant species helps to improve

productivity. Applying lime and fertilizer according to

soil tests, restricting grazing during wet periods, and

yearly mowing help to prevent surface compaction, to

preserve tilth, and to enhance quality and quantity of

feed and forage.

Potential productivity for red maple on this soil is

low. In some years wet soil conditions hinder heavy

equipment use in spring and during other wet periods.

Logging during drier periods or in winter when the

ground is frozen helps to overcome wetness. Planting

seedlings while the soil is no longer wet but still moist

will optimize the seedling survival rate. The windthrow

hazard is moderate because the water table limits root

development. Minimizing thinning and planting

shallow-rooted species help to reduce windthrow.

Seasonal wetness is the main limitation to use of

this soil as a site for dwellings with basements. An

alternative is to build dwellings on more suitable,

included or nearby soils, such as Depeyster soils,

which are better drained than the Wegatchie soil.

The seasonal high water table and potential for frost

action are the main limitations to use of this soil as a

site for local roads and streets. Constructing roads on

raised fill material and installing a drainage system

help to compensate for wetness. Providing coarser

grained subgrade or base material to frost depth helps

to prevent frost action from damaging pavement.

The seasonal high water table and moderately slow

permeability are severe limitations to use of this soil as

a site for septic tank absorption fields. An alternative is

to place the absorption field on nearby or included

soils, such as Grenville or Pyrities soils, that are more

favorable to this use.

The capability subclass is 5w. The forestland

ordination symbol is 2W.
231

Prime farmland is one of several kinds of important

farmland defined by the U.S. Department of

Agriculture. It is of major importance in meeting the

Nation’s short- and long-range needs for food and

fiber. Because the supply of high-quality farmland is

limited, the U.S. Department of Agriculture recognizes

that responsible levels of government, as well as

individuals, should encourage and facilitate the wise

use of our Nation’s prime farmland.

Prime farmland, as defined by the U.S. Department

of Agriculture, is land that has the best combination of

physical and chemical characteristics for producing

food, feed, forage, fiber, and oilseed crops and is

available for these uses. It could be cultivated land,

pastureland, forest land, or other land, but it is not

urban or built-up land or water areas. The soil qualities,

growing season, and moisture supply are those

needed for the soil to economically produce sustained

high yields of crops when proper management,

including water management, and acceptable farming

methods are applied. In general, prime farmland has

an adequate and dependable supply of moisture from

precipitation or irrigation, a favorable temperature and

growing season, acceptable acidity or alkalinity, an

acceptable salt and sodium content, and few or no

rocks. It is permeable to water and air. It is not

excessively erodible or saturated with water for long

periods, and it either is not frequently flooded during

the growing season or is protected from flooding. The

slope ranges mainly from 0 to 6 percent. More detailed

information about the criteria for prime farmland is

available at the local office of the Natural Resources

Conservation Service.

About 320,000 acres in the survey area, or nearly

18 percent of the total acreage, meets the soil

requirements for prime farmland. Areas of this land are

scattered throughout the county, but most are in the

northern parts of the county.

A recent trend in land use in some parts of the

survey area has been the loss of some prime farmland

to industrial and urban uses. The loss of prime

farmland to other uses puts pressure on marginal

lands, which generally are more erodible,

droughty, and less productive and cannot be easily

cultivated.

The map units in the survey area that are

considered prime farmland are listed in table 5. This

list does not constitute a recommendation for a

particular land use. On some soils included in the list,

measures that overcome a hazard or limitation, such

as flooding, wetness, and droughtiness, are needed.

Onsite evaluation is needed to determine whether or

not corrective measures have overcome the hazard or

limitation. The extent of each listed map unit is shown

in table 4. The location is shown on the detailed soil

maps at the back of this publication. The soil qualities

that affect use and management are described under

the heading “Detailed Soil Map Units.”

Over 3,200 acres of the prime farmland consists of

well drained and moderately well drained soils on

ridgetops and benches on uplands. Nearly 16,000

acres consists of poorly drained, somewhat poorly

drained, moderately well drained, and well drained

soils on terraces, on flood plains, and on

footslopes, toe slopes and fans at the base of

hillsides.

Prime Farmland

233

This soil survey is an inventory and evaluation of

the soils in the survey area. It can be used to adjust

land uses to the limitations and potentials of natural

resources and the environment. Also, it can help to

prevent soil-related failures in land uses.

In preparing a soil survey, soil scientists,

conservationists, engineers, and others collect

extensive field data about the nature and behavioral

characteristics of the soils. They collect data on

erosion, droughtiness, flooding, and other factors that

affect various soil uses and management. Field

experience and collected data on soil properties and

performance are used as a basis in predicting soil

behavior.

Information in this section can be used to plan the

use and management of soils for crops and pasture;

as woodland; as sites for buildings, sanitary facilities,

highways and other transportation systems, and parks

and other recreational facilities; and for wildlife habitat.

It can be used to identify the potentials and limitations

of each soil for specific land uses and to help prevent

construction failures caused by unfavorable soil

properties.

Planners and others using soil survey information

can evaluate the effect of specific land uses on

productivity and on the environment in all or part of the

survey area. The survey can help planners to maintain

or create a land use pattern in harmony with the

natural soil.

Contractors can use this survey to locate sources

of sand and gravel, roadfill, and topsoil. They can use

it to identify areas where bedrock, wetness, or very

firm soil layers can cause difficulty in excavation.

Health officials, highway officials, engineers, and

others may also find this survey useful. The survey

can help them plan the safe disposal of wastes and

locate sites for pavements, sidewalks, campgrounds,

playgrounds, lawns, and trees and shrubs.

Crops and Pasture

Neil J. Cheney, district conservationist, Natural Resources

Conservation Service, helped to prepare this section.

General management needed for crops and pasture

is suggested in this section. The estimated yields of

the main crops and pasture plants are listed for

each soil, the system of land capability classification

used by the Natural Resources Conservation

Service is explained, and prime farmland is

described.

Planners of management systems for individual

fields or farms should consider the detailed

information given in the description of each soil under

the heading “Detailed Soil Map Units.” Specific

information can be obtained from the local office of the

Natural Resources Conservation Service or the

Cooperative Extension Service.

Farmland took in more than 456,000 acres in St.

Lawrence County in 1987, according to the Census

of Agriculture. Of farmland, about 243,000 acres

was cropland. The rest was woodland and other

farmland. The acreage in cropland had declined

by about 6 percent since the 1982 Census of

Agriculture.

Soil erosion is a severe hazard on about 10 percent

of the cropland in St. Lawrence County, according to

the 1975 Erosion and Sediment Inventory (USDA

1975). The hazard of erosion is related to slope, the

erodibility of the soil, the amount and intensity of

rainfall, and the type of plant cover.

Loss of soil to erosion is damaging for several

reasons, including loss of nutrients and water,

formation of gullies on hillsides, deterioration of soil

tilth, detrimental sedimentation downslope, and

pollution of streams and water reservoirs. Soil

productivity is reduced when the surface layer is

diminished and increasing amounts of the subsoil are

incorporated into the plow layer. This reduction in

productivity occurs especially if the subsoil is fine or

moderately fine textured, such as in Muskellunge and

Huevelton soils, or if the substratum is compact and

restricts roots, such as that in Potsdam and Crary

soils. Erosion also reduces productivity on soils that

tend to be droughty, for example, Waddington and

Adams soils, by further decreasing organic matter

content and therefore moisture holding capacity.

Summerville, Gouverneur, and Nehasne soils are

examples of very shallow to moderately deep soils

that erosion can permanently damage through loss of

effective rooting depth for plants. On soils that have a

Use and Management of the Soils
234 Soil Survey

high silt or very fine sand content, like Salmon and

Hailesboro soils, erosion is a severe hazard.

Erosion control measures that work best in St.

Lawrence County are providing a protective cover,

reducing runoff, and increasing water infiltration.

Conservation practices, including conservation tillage,

no till, cover crops, crop residue mixed into the surface

layer, and a cropping system that emphasizes sod

crops, are effective in controlling erosion on soils that

have short, irregular slopes, such as Heuvelton,

Nicholville, and Adams soils. Contour farming,

stripcropping, terraces, and diversions are suitable on

soils that have smooth, long, uniform slopes, such as

Pyrities and Hogansburg soils.

Erosion control measures generally are needed on

slopes of more than 3 percent. Depeyster, Salmon,

Nicholville, and other soils are very susceptible to

erosion because of high silt or very fine sand content

and lack of rock fragments.

Soil blowing, or wind erosion, is a hazard on such

soils as the sandy Adams soils or on areas of dune

land, particularly if the surface is dry. Planting

windbreaks and maintaining plant cover can effectively

control soil blowing.

Combinations of conservation practices differ in

effectiveness on different soils. Moreover, different

combinations can be equally effective on the same

soil. The local office of the Natural Resources

Conservation Service can assist in planning an

effective combination of practices to reduce the hazard

of erosion.

Drainage is a major management concern on about

475,000 acres of potential cropland in the survey area.

Of this acreage, about 15,000 acres has subsurface

drainage. Crops common to the area generally cannot

be grown unless extensive drainage is installed on

some wet soils. Wet soils include poorly drained and

very poorly drained Carbondale, Adjidaumo, Dorval,

Roundabout, Deford, Adirondack, and Loxley soils. In

most areas of these soils establishing drainage outlets

is difficult and expensive because these soils are in

low positions on the landscape.

The seasonal high water table limits early planting,

plant growth, and harvesting of most crops on

somewhat poorly drained soils, such as Muskellunge

soils. Where these soils are pattern drained, crop

yields commonly are nearly as high as on naturally

well drained soils.

Some areas of Grenville, Kalurah, Lovewell,

Pyrities, and Berkshire soils, which are well drained or

moderately well drained, include small areas of wetter

soils where random subsurface drainage is needed to

facilitate more uniform management of fields.

Some gently sloping soils, such as Malone,

Muskellunge, and Swanton soils, have a seasonal high

water table. On these soils installing diversion drains

that intercept surface runoff and installing subsurface

drains help to lower the water table.

A drainage system varies in design with the kind of

soil. A combination of surface and subsurface

drainage is needed on most poorly drained and very

poorly drained soils. Surface drainage includes open

ditches, grassed waterways, land smoothing,

diversions, or a bedding system. Subsurface

drainage consists mainly of plastic tubing installed

randomly or as a pattern system spaced according to

soil permeability and the needs of the cropping

system.

Drains must be more closely spaced in slowly

permeable soils than in more permeable soils.

Subsurface drainage is slow on such soils as

Muskellunge, Adjidaumo, and Hailesboro soils. In

some areas of these soils surface drainage is also

needed. On rapidly permeable soils, such as Deford

and Naumburg soils, crops respond well to subsurface

drainage if adequate outlets are available.

Information on drainage systems is available at the

St. Lawrence County Soil and Water Conservation

District office.

In many areas stones and boulders on the surface

and rock outcrops are limitations to equipment use on

cropland and pasture. Stones, boulders, and rock

outcrops limit fertilizing, reseeding, and mowing. Areas

where many stones and boulders are on the surface,

for example, some map units of Kalurah and Pyrities

soils, are suited only to permanent pasture.

On some soils clearing the surface of larger stones

and boulders is feasible if the soils do not have more

limitations, such as seasonal wetness. Insula-Rock

outcrop complex, rolling, for example, has these

limitations. Generally, the limitation of rock outcrops

cannot be overcome.

Available water capacity is important in growing

crops. Some soils in the county tend to be droughty.

Sandy and gravelly soils; soils that have a layer that

restricts roots, such as a substratum of dense basal

till; and shallow or moderately deep soils tend to have

a fairly low capacity to store water available for plant

growth. Sandy and gravelly Trout River soils, sandy

Adams soils, and shallow Summerville soils have low

or very low available water capacity. On droughty soils

green manure crops, crop residue from conservation

tillage, cover crops, and manure help to increase

the organic matter content, to improve soil tilth, and

to increase available water capacity. On droughty

soils in dry years irrigation is needed for best crop

yields.

Soil tilth is an important factor in the germination of
St. Lawrence County, New York 235

seedlings, the infiltration of water, and the ease of

cultivation. Soils in good tilth generally are granular

and porous. Tillage practices strongly influence soil

tilth. Excessive tillage tends to reduce organic matter

content and to break down soil structure. Some soils

that are deep, well drained to excessively drained, and

coarse textured or moderately coarse textured, such

as Adams, Trout River, and Waddington soils, can be

tilled without much deterioration of soil tilth. Wetter and

finer textured soils, however, such as Nicholville,

Wegatchie, Cornish, Matoon, and Heuvelton soils,

must be tilled at the proper moisture content to prevent

deterioration of natural structure. Plowing or cultivating

when these soils are wet causes puddling, a hard

surface crust, and clods when the soils dry.

Cultivation at proper soil moisture content, cover

crops, green manure crops, sod crops in the crop

rotation, crop residue mixed into the surface, and

manure help to keep the soils granular and porous.

Soil fertility is critical for crop production. Soils

should be tested for lime and fertilizer requirements for

a specific crop. Too little fertilizer will result in poor

plant growth; too much is uneconomical and will result

in pollution of surface or ground water. Crops require

different applications of fertilizer and lime depending

on the specific soil.

Organic matter content is important in assessing

soil fertility. It averages about 3.5 percent in the

surface layer of the soils in St. Lawrence County.

Poorly drained and very poorly drained soils, such as

Adjidaumo soils, have a somewhat higher organic

matter content. Nitrogen is released from organic

matter, much of it in complex forms that plants cannot

use until micro-organisms digest it. A supplement of

nitrogen fertilizer is needed. Management practices

that increase organic matter content, such as green

manure crops, hay crops, and crop residue mixed into

the soil, help to improve nitrogen content.

Timely nitrogen fertilization is important for plants to

utilize nitrogen to the maximum. Nitrogen is lost to

leaching in rapidly permeable soils, such as Raquette

soils, or by denitrification in wetter and less permeable

soils, such as Muskellunge soils. Best results are

obtained if small amounts of nitrogen are applied at

timely intervals, at planting, and then as a side

dressing while the crop is growing. The soils in St.

Lawrence County are generally low in natural

phosphorous content (Cooperative Extension Service

1990). Coarse textured soils, such as Trout River and

Raquette soils, and acid soils, such as Potsdam and

Crary soils, in particular tend to be very low in

phosphorous. Adding appropriate amounts of

phosphate in the form of commercial fertilizer also is

essential for good plant growth.

Most of the soils are low or medium in natural

potassium content (Cooperative Extension Service

1990). Fine textured soils, such as Heuvelton,

Muskellunge, and Matoon soils, tend to have a higher

potassium content than coarser textured soils because

of the presence of finely divided potassium silicates in

their physical makeup.

Lime is needed on most soils in the survey area to

raise the pH to an acceptable level for best yields of

most crops. Less lime is needed on such soils as

Grenville and Hogansburg soils, which formed in highlime parent material.

Additions of lime and fertilizer to the soil are based

on soil tests. For assistance in obtaining soil tests and

recommendations, farmers and other land users

should consult the local Cooperative Extension agent.

New research findings and fertilizer recommendations

are available in the current edition of Cornell

Recommends for Field Crops, prepared by the College

of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University,

Ithaca, New York. Even without soils tests, Cornell

Recommends for Field Crops and this soil survey

together can be useful guides in determining lime and

fertilizer needs.

Yields per Acre

The average yields per acre that can be expected

of the principal crops under a high level of

management are shown in table 6. In any given year,

yields may be higher or lower than those indicated in

the table because of variations in rainfall and other

climatic factors. The land capability classification of

each map unit also is shown in the table.

The yields are based mainly on the experience and

records of farmers, conservationists, and extension

agents. Available yield data from nearby counties and

results of field trials and demonstrations are also

considered.

The management needed to obtain the indicated

yields of the various crops depends on the kind of soil

and the crop. Management can include drainage,

erosion control, and protection from flooding; the

proper planting and seeding rates; suitable highyielding crop varieties; appropriate and timely tillage;

control of weeds, plant diseases, and harmful insects;

favorable soil reaction and optimum levels of nitrogen,

phosphorus, potassium, and trace elements for each

crop; effective use of crop residue, barnyard manure,

and green manure crops; and harvesting that ensures

the smallest possible loss.

The estimated yields reflect the productive capacity

of each soil for each of the principal crops. Yields are

likely to increase as new production technology is

developed. The productivity of a given soil compared
236 Soil Survey

with that of other soils, however, is not likely to

change.

Crops other than those shown in table 6 are grown

in the survey area, but estimated yields are not listed

because the acreage of such crops is small. The local

office of the Natural Resources Conservation Service

or of the Cooperative Extension Service can provide

information about the management and productivity of

the soils for those crops.

Land Capability Classification

Land capability classification shows, in a general

way, the suitability of soils for most kinds of field crops.

Crops that require special management are excluded.

The soils are grouped according to their limitations for

field crops, the risk of damage if they are used for

crops, and the way they respond to management. The

criteria used in grouping the soils do not include major

and generally expensive landforming that would

change slope, depth, or other characteristics of the

soils, nor do they include possible but unlikely major

reclamation projects. Capability classification is not a

substitute for interpretations designed to show

suitability and limitations of groups of soils for

woodland and for engineering purposes.

In the capability system, soils are generally grouped

at three levels—capability class, subclass, and unit.

Only class and subclass are used in this survey.

Capability classes, the broadest groups, are

designated by numerals 1 to 8. The numerals

indicate progressively greater limitations and narrower

choices for practical use. The classes are defined as

follows:

Class 1 soils have few limitations that restrict their

use.

Class 2 soils have moderate limitations that reduce

the choice of plants or that require moderate

conservation practices.

Class 3 soils have severe limitations that reduce the

choice of plants or that require special conservation

practices, or both.

Class 4 soils have very severe limitations that

reduce the choice of plants or that require very careful

management, or both.

Class 5 soils are not likely to erode but have other

limitations, impractical to remove, that limit their use.

Class 6 soils have severe limitations that make

them generally unsuitable for cultivation.

Class 7 soils have very severe limitations that make

them unsuitable for cultivation.

Class 8 soils and miscellaneous areas have

limitations that nearly preclude their use for

commercial crop production.

Capability subclasses are soil groups within one

class. They are designated by adding a small letter, e,

w, or s, to the class numeral, for example, 2e. The

letter e shows that the main hazard is the risk of

erosion unless close-growing plant cover is

maintained; w shows that water in or on the soil

interferes with plant growth or cultivation (in some soils

the wetness can be partly corrected by artificial

drainage); and s shows that the soil is limited mainly

because it is shallow, droughty, or stony.

In class 1 there are no subclasses because the

soils of this class have few limitations. Class 5

contains only the subclasses indicated by w or s

because the soils in class 5 are subject to little or no

erosion. They have other limitations that restrict their

use to pasture, forestland, wildlife habitat, or

recreation.

The acreage of soils in each capability class and

subclass is shown in table 7. The capability

classification of the map units in this survey area is

given in the section “Detailed Soil Map Units” and in

the yields table.

Forestland Management and Productivity

The forests of St. Lawrence County are the result of

disturbances beginning with glaciers scraping the land

thousands of years ago. The receding glaciers

generated a forest rich in species diversity.

Land disturbance began again in the 1800s and

culminated in the 1880s, when most of the northern

part of the county and large areas in the southern part

were cleared for agriculture. Since then, forest

regeneration has reclaimed large areas of marginal

land and old abandoned fields.

While land was cleared for agriculture, rugged,

remote areas were being logged. The early loggers

high-graded the forests, taking only the best quality

trees. In leaving the rest amid piles of debris, they

created a hazard of wildfire. Wildfires laid bare

and blackened thousands of acres of forestland in

the Adirondack Mountains. They also destroyed

large areas in the southern part of St. Lawrence

County.

Weather, insects, disease, wildlife, and possibly

pollution also have disturbed and impacted the forests

of the county, although perhaps less dramatically.

Today, a maturing forest principally of northern

hardwoods and associated forest types cover the

county. Variations include red and white oak in the

northern part of the county and abundant spruce and

fir in the southern part. In 1980, when forests covered

71 percent of St. Lawrence County, commerical

forestland took in 1,118,000 acres and reserved

forest, 140,500 acres. Of the commerical forest land,
St. Lawrence County, New York 237

816,000 acres was northern hardwoods; 204,600

acres, softwoods; and 97,500 acres, oak types. From

1970 to 1980, total volume of saw timber increased 36

percent to a total of 2,259 million board feet. Of the

1980 total, maples comprised 696 million board feet of

the softwood total; and all other softwoods, 357 million

board feet (Consodine 1982).

Table 8 can be used by woodland owners or forest

managers in planning the use of soils for wood crops.

Only those soils suitable for wood crops are listed. The

table lists the ordination symbol for each soil. Soils

assigned the same ordination symbol require the

same general management and have about the same

potential productivity.

The first part of the ordination symbol, a number,

indicates the potential productivity of the soils for an

indicator tree species. The number indicates the

volume, in cubic meters per hectare per year, which

the indicator species can produce in a pure stand

under natural conditions. The number 1 indicates low

potential productivity; 2 or 3, moderate; 4 or 5,

moderately high; 6 to 8, high; 9 to 11, very high; and

12 to 39, extremely high. The second part of the

symbol, a letter, indicates the major kind of soil

limitation. The letter R indicates steep slopes; X,

stoniness or rockiness; W, excess water in or on the

soil; T, toxic substances in the soil; D, restricted rooting

depth; C, clay in the upper part of the soil; S, sandy

texture; F, a high content of rock fragments in the soil;

L, low strength; and N, snowpack. The letter A

indicates that limitations or restrictions are

insignificant. If a soil has more than one limitation, the

priority is as follows: R, X, W, T, D, C, S, F, L, and N.

In the table, slight, moderate, and severe indicate

the degree of the major soil limitations to be

considered in management.

Erosion hazard is the probability that damage will

occur as a result of site preparation and cutting where

the soil is exposed along roads, skid trails, and fire

lanes and in log-handling areas. Forests that have

been burned or overgrazed are also subject to erosion.

Ratings of the erosion hazard are based on the

percent of the slope. A rating of slight indicates that no

particular prevention measures are needed under

ordinary conditions. A rating of moderate indicates that

erosion-control measures are needed in certain

silvicultural activities. A rating of severe indicates that

special precautions are needed to control erosion in

most silvicultural activities.

Equipment limitation reflects the characteristics and

conditions of the soil that restrict use of the equipment

generally needed in woodland management or

harvesting. The chief characteristics and conditions

considered in the ratings are slope, stones on the

surface, rock outcrops, soil wetness, and texture of the

surface layer. A rating of slight indicates that under

normal conditions the kind of equipment and season

of use are not significantly restricted by soil factors.

Soil wetness can restrict equipment use, but the wet

period does not exceed 1 month. A rating of moderate

indicates that equipment use is moderately restricted

because of one or more soil factors. If the soil is wet,

the wetness restricts equipment use for a period of 1

to 3 months. A rating of severe indicates that

equipment use is severely restricted either as to the

kind of equipment that can be used or the season of

use. If the soil is wet, the wetness restricts equipment

use for more than 3 months.

Seedling mortality refers to the death of naturally

occurring or planted tree seedlings, as influenced by

the kinds of soil, soil wetness, or topographic

conditions. The factors used in rating the soils for

seedling mortality are texture of the surface layer,

depth to a seasonal high water table and the length of

the period when the water table is high, rock

fragments in the surface layer, effective rooting depth,

and slope aspect. A rating of slight indicates that

seedling mortality is not likely to be a problem under

normal conditions. Expected mortality is less than 25

percent. A rating of moderate indicates that some

problems from seedling mortality can be expected.

Extra precautions are advisable. Expected mortality is

25 to 50 percent. A rating of severe indicates that

seedling mortality is a serious problem. Extra

precautions are important. Replanting may be

necessary. Expected mortality is more than 50

percent.

Windthrow hazard is the likelihood that trees will be

uprooted by the wind because the soil is not deep

enough for adequate root anchorage. The main

restrictions that affect rooting are a seasonal high

water table and depth to bedrock, a fragipan, or other

limiting layers. A rating of slight indicates that under

normal conditions no trees are blown down by the

wind. Strong winds may damage trees, but they do not

uproot them. A rating of moderate indicates that some

trees can be blown down during periods when the soil

is wet and winds are moderate or strong. A rating of

severe indicates that many trees can be blown down

during these periods.

Plant competition ratings indicate the degree to

which undesirable species are expected to invade and

grow when openings are made in the tree canopy. The

main factors that affect plant competition are depth to

the water table and the available water capacity. A

rating of slight indicates that competition from

undesirable plants is not likely to prevent natural

regeneration or suppress the more desirable species.
238 Soil Survey

Planted seedlings can become established without

undue competition. A rating of moderate indicates

that competition may delay the establishment of

desirable species. Competition may hamper stand

development, but it will not prevent the eventual

development of fully stocked stands. A rating of severe

indicates that competition can be expected to prevent

regeneration unless precautionary measures are

applied.

The potential productivity of merchantable or

common trees on a soil is expressed as a site index

and as volume of wool fiber. The site index is the

average height, in feet, that dominant and codominant

trees of a given species attain in a specified number of

years. It applies to fully stocked, even-aged,

unmanaged stands. Commonly grown trees are those

that woodland managers generally favor in

intermediate or improvement cuttings and select for

their growth rate, quality, value, and marketability.

The volume, a number, is the yield likely to be

produced by the most important trees. This number,

expressed as cubic feet per acre per year, indicates

the amount of fiber produced in a fully stocked, evenaged, unmanaged stand.

The first species listed under common trees for a

soil is the indicator species for that soil. It generally is

the most common species on the soil and is the one

that determines the ordination class.

Trees to manage are those that are suitable for

commercial wood production.

Recreation

The soils of the survey area are rated in table 9

according to limitations that affect their suitability for

recreation. The ratings are based on restrictive soil

features, such as wetness, slope, and texture of the

surface layer. Susceptibility to flooding is considered.

Not considered in the ratings, but important in

evaluating a site, are the location and accessibility of

the area, the size and shape of the area and its scenic

quality, vegetation, access to water, potential water

impoundment sites, and access to public sewer lines.

The capacity of the soil to absorb septic tank effluent

and the ability of the soil to support vegetation are also

important. Soils subject to flooding are limited for

recreational uses by the duration and intensity of

flooding and the season when flooding occurs. In

planning recreational facilities, onsite assessment of

the height, duration, intensity, and frequency of

flooding is essential.

In table 9, the degree of soil limitation is expressed

as slight, moderate, or severe. Slight means that soil

properties are generally favorable and that limitations

are minor and easily overcome. Moderate means that

limitations can be overcome or alleviated by planning,

design, or special maintenance. Severe means that

soil properties are unfavorable and that limitations can

be offset only by costly soil reclamation, special

design, intensive maintenance, limited use, or a

combination of these measures.

The information in table 9 can be supplemented by

other information in this survey, for example,

interpretations for septic tank absorption fields in table

12 and interpretations for dwellings without basements

and for local roads and streets in table 11.

Camp areas require site preparation, such as

shaping and leveling the tent and parking areas,

stabilizing roads and intensively used areas, and

installing sanitary facilities and utility lines. Camp

areas are subject to heavy foot traffic and some

vehicular traffic. The best soils have mild slopes and

are not wet or subject to flooding during the period of

use. The surface has few or no stones or boulders,

absorbs rainfall readily but remains firm, and is not

dusty when dry. Strong slopes and stones or boulders

can greatly increase the cost of constructing

campsites.

Picnic areas are subject to heavy foot traffic. Most

vehicular traffic is confined to access roads and

parking areas. The best soils for picnic areas are firm

when wet, are not dusty when dry, are not subject to

flooding during the period of use, and do not have

slopes or stones or boulders that increase the cost of

shaping sites or of building access roads and parking

areas.

Playgrounds require soils that can withstand

intensive foot traffic. The best soils are almost level

and are not wet or subject to flooding during the

season of use. The surface is free of stones and

boulders, is firm after rains, and is not dusty when dry.

If grading is needed, the depth of the soil over bedrock

or a hardpan should be considered.

Paths and trails for hiking and horseback riding

should require little or no cutting and filling. The best

soils are not wet, are firm after rains, are not dusty

when dry, and are not subject to flooding more than

once a year during the period of use. They have

moderate slopes and few or no stones or boulders on

the surface.

Golf fairways are subject to heavy foot traffic and

some light vehicular traffic. Cutting or filling may be

required. The best soils for use as golf fairways are

firm when wet, are not dusty when dry, and are not

subject to prolonged flooding during the period of use.

They have moderate slopes and no stones or boulders

on the surface. The suitability of the soil for tees or

greens is not considered in rating the soils.
St. Lawrence County, New York 239

Wildlife Habitat

Kermit Morgan, Canton College of Technology, helped to

prepare this section.

St. Lawrence County has a varied wildlife

population reflective of a varied habitat. Seven

ecological zones have been identified in St. Lawrence

County based on natural and social factors (Will 1982).

In general, these ecological zones fit into the two

physiographic provinces that make up the county: the

St. Lawrence Lowlands in the north and the

Adirondack Mountains in the south. A fringe area of

changing land use patterns separates the two

provinces.

The St. Lawrence Lowlands is an area of low relief

and relatively slow surface drainage. Low ridges and

hills separate abundant wetlands. Dairy farming

supported by meadow and cropland is the major land

use in this area. Also, much of this area is wooded

and, because of trends in agriculture, a large and

growing part of this area is in various stages of forest

succession. Although major rivers and streams are

well distributed, lakes and ponds are clustered in the

western part of this area. As result of varied physical

elements, the area presents mosaical plant

communities with striking transitional zones called

ecotones.

Wetlands provide nesting habitat for many varieties

of shore birds and waterfowl, including blue heron,

black duck, merganser, mallard duck, wood duck, and

Canada goose. Many more varieties stop during

seasonal migrations to the Atlantic Flyway. To preserve

wetlands for wildlife use, the New York State

Department of Environmental Conservation manages

two major waterfowl areas in this region: Upper and

Lower Lakes near Canton and Wilson Hill near

Massena. Wetlands provide habitat for muskrat and

beaver and help support a valuable fur industry.

Birds that dwell in openland, generally at the edge

of wetlands, include bobolink, meadowlark, redwing

blackbird, kestrel, and northern harrier. Woodcock,

goldfinch, song sparrow, and robins inhabit early

stages of forest succession.

Turkey, bluejay, chickadee, ruffed grouse, Great

horned owl, and red-tailed hawk all inhabit upland

forest.

The St. Lawrence Lowlands, because of its

ecological diversity and ecotones, provides excellent

habitat for varied terrestrials, such as coyote, whitetailed deer, red fox, various hares, cottontail, grey

squirrel, and raccoon.

Streams and lakes in the St. Lawrence Lowlands

support mainly warmwater species, such as bass,

walleye pike, northern pike, and muskellunge. Some of

the deeper lakes support speckled trout, rainbow trout,

and lake trout.

The heavily forested Adirondack Mountains have

moderate or strong relief, large areas of upland

hardwoods, and smaller areas of low-lying wetlands

generally supporting a spruce-fir type of forest. They

have numerous small lakes and ponds typical of the

Canadian Shield, to which the Adirondack Mountains

are related.

White-tailed deer, black bear, fisher, coyote, mink,

and red fox inhabit all quarters of this physiographic

province. Small numbers of pine marten inhabit

mature hardwood or coniferous vegetation. The threetoed woodpecker and sparse populations of the rare

spruce grouse inhabit lowland areas of the spruce-fir

type of forest. Beaver are abundant in small lakes and

low-gradient streams. This region also supports a

modest population of river otter, generally associated

with beaver (Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources

1987).

Loons populate lakes and ponds in the

Adirondacks. Other migratory waterfowl nest in

wetlands.

The white-throated sparrow is emblematic of the

songbirds that inhabit the area.

The waters of this region support such cold-water

species as speckled trout, lake trout, and rainbow

trout. Bass and northern pike inhabit most rivers and

lakes.

 The ecological separation of the St. Lawrence

Lowlands and the Adirondack Mountains is a fringe

area, a chronological transition zone. This zone was

once evenly cleared for agriculture, and is now

reverting to forest. As forest succession proceeds in

this region, it will take on more aspects of the habitat

of the Adirondacks and will lose corresponding

elements of the habitat of the St. Lawrence Lowlands.

Like the change in plant species, the mix of animal

species inhabiting this area likely also will evolve (Will

1982).

Soils affect the kind and amount of vegetation that

is available to wildlife as food and cover. They also

affect the construction of water impoundments. The

kind and abundance of wildlife depend largely on the

amount and distribution of food, cover, and water.

Wildlife habitat can be created or improved by planting

appropriate vegetation, by maintaining the existing

plant cover, or by promoting the natural establishment

of desirable plants.

In table 10, the soils in the survey area are rated

according to their potential for providing habitat for

various kinds of wildlife. This information can be used

in planning parks, wildlife refuges, nature study areas,
240 Soil Survey

and other developments for wildlife; in selecting soils

that are suitable for establishing, improving, or

maintaining specific elements of wildlife habitat; and in

determining the intensity of management needed for

each element of the habitat.

The potential of the soil is rated good, fair, poor, or

very poor. A rating of good indicates that the element

or kind of habitat is easily established, improved, or

maintained. Few or no limitations affect management,

and satisfactory results can be expected. A rating of

fair indicates that the element or kind of habitat can be

established, improved, or maintained in most places.

Moderately intensive management is required for

satisfactory results. A rating of poor indicates that

limitations are severe for the designated element or

kind of habitat. Habitat can be created, improved, or

maintained in most places, but management is difficult

and must be intensive. A rating of very poor indicates

that restrictions for the element or kind of habitat are

very severe and that unsatisfactory results can be

expected. Creating, improving, or maintaining habitat

is impractical or impossible.

The elements of wildlife habitat are described in the

following paragraphs.

Grain and seed crops are domestic grains and

seed-producing herbaceous plants. Soil properties

and features that affect the growth of grain and seed

crops are depth of the root zone, texture of the surface

layer, available water capacity, wetness, slope, surface

stoniness, and flooding. Soil temperature and soil

moisture are also considerations. Examples of grain

and seed crops are corn, wheat, oats, and barley.

Grasses and legumes are domestic perennial

grasses and herbaceous legumes. Soil properties and

features that affect the growth of grasses and legumes

are depth of the root zone, texture of the surface layer,

available water capacity, wetness, surface stoniness,

flooding, and slope. Soil temperature and soil moisture

are also considerations. Examples of grasses and

legumes are fescue, lovegrass, bromegrass, clover,

and alfalfa.

Wild herbaceous plants are native or naturally

established grasses and forbs, including weeds. Soil

properties and features that affect the growth of these

plants are depth of the root zone, texture of the

surface layer, available water capacity, wetness,

surface stoniness, and flooding. Soil temperature and

soil moisture are also considerations. Examples of wild

herbaceous plants are bluestem, goldenrod,

beggarweed, wheatgrass, and grama.

Hardwood trees and woody understory produce

nuts or other fruit, buds, catkins, twigs, bark, and

foliage. Soil properties and features that affect the

growth of hardwood trees and shrubs are depth of the

root zone, available water capacity, and wetness.

Examples of these plants are oak, poplar, cherry,

sweetgum, apple, hawthorn, dogwood, hickory,

blackberry, and blueberry. Examples of fruit-producing

shrubs that are suitable for planting on soils rated

good are Russian-olive, autumn-olive, and crabapple.

Coniferous plants furnish browse and seeds. Soil

properties and features that affect the growth of

coniferous trees, shrubs, and ground cover are depth

of the root zone, available water capacity, and

wetness. Examples of coniferous plants are pine,

spruce, fir, cedar, and juniper.

Wetland plants are annual and perennial wild

herbaceous plants that grow on moist or wet sites.

Submerged or floating aquatic plants are excluded.

Soil properties and features affecting wetland plants

are texture of the surface layer, wetness, reaction,

salinity, slope, and surface stoniness. Examples of

wetland plants are smartweed, wild millet, wildrice,

saltgrass, cordgrass, rushes, sedges, and reeds.

Shallow water areas have an average depth of less

than 5 feet. Some are naturally wet areas. Others are

created by dams, levees, or other water-control

structures. Soil properties and features affecting

shallow water areas are depth to bedrock, wetness,

surface stoniness, slope, and permeability. Examples

of shallow water areas are marshes, waterfowl feeding

areas, and ponds.

The habitat for various kinds of wildlife is described

in the following paragraphs.

Habitat for openland wildlife consists of cropland,

pasture, meadows, and areas that are overgrown with

grasses, herbs, shrubs, and vines. These areas

produce grain and seed crops, grasses and legumes,

and wild herbaceous plants. Wildlife attracted to these

areas include bobwhite quail, pheasant, meadowlark,

field sparrow, cottontail, and red fox.

Habitat for woodland wildlife consists of areas of

deciduous plants or coniferous plants or both and

associated grasses, legumes, and wild herbaceous

plants. Wildlife attracted to these areas include wild

turkey, ruffed grouse, woodcock, thrushes,

woodpeckers, squirrels, gray fox, raccoon, deer, and

bear.

Habitat for wetland wildlife consists of open, marshy

or swampy shallow water areas. Some of the wildlife

attracted to such areas are ducks, geese, herons,

shore birds, muskrat, mink, and beaver.

Engineering

This section provides information for planning land

uses related to urban development and to water

management. Soils are rated for various uses, and the
St. Lawrence County, New York 241

most limiting features are identified. Ratings are given

for building site development, sanitary facilities,

construction materials, and water management. The

ratings are based on observed performance of the

soils and on the estimated data and test data in the

“Soil Properties” section.

Information in this section is intended for land use

planning, for evaluating land use alternatives, and for

planning site investigations prior to design and

construction. The information, however, has limitations.

For example, estimates and other data generally apply

only to that part of the soil within a depth of 5 or 6 feet.

Because of the map scale, small areas of different

soils may be included within the mapped areas of a

specific soil.

The information is not site specific and does not

eliminate the need for onsite investigation of the soils

or for testing and analysis by personnel experienced in

the design and construction of engineering works.

Government ordinances and regulations that

restrict certain land uses or impose specific design

criteria were not considered in preparing the

information in this section. Local ordinances and

regulations should be considered in planning, in site

selection, and in design.

Soil properties, site features, and observed

performance were considered in determining the

ratings in this section. During the fieldwork for this soil

survey, determinations were made about grain-size

distribution, liquid limit, plasticity index, soil reaction,

depth to bedrock, hardness of bedrock within 5 or 6

feet of the surface, soil wetness, depth to a seasonal

high water table, slope, likelihood of flooding, natural

soil structure aggregation, and soil density. Data were

collected about kinds of clay minerals, mineralogy of

the sand and silt fractions, and the kinds of adsorbed

cations. Estimates were made for erodibility,

permeability, corrosivity, shrink-swell potential,

available water capacity, and other behavioral

characteristics affecting engineering uses.

This information can be used to evaluate the

potential of areas for residential, commercial,

industrial, and recreational uses; make preliminary

estimates of construction conditions; evaluate

alternative routes for roads, streets, highways,

pipelines, and underground cables; evaluate

alternative sites for sanitary landfills, septic tank

absorption fields, and sewage lagoons; plan detailed

onsite investigations of soils and geology; locate

potential sources of gravel, sand, earthfill, and topsoil;

plan drainage systems, irrigation systems, ponds,

terraces, and other structures for soil and water

conservation; and predict performance of proposed

small structures and pavements by comparing the

performance of existing similar structures on the same

or similar soils.

The information in the tables, along with the soil

maps, the soil descriptions, and other data provided in

this survey, can be used to make additional

interpretations.

Some of the terms used in this soil survey have a

special meaning in soil science and are defined in the

Glossary.

Building Site Development

Table 11 shows the degree and kind of soil

limitations that affect shallow excavations, dwellings

with and without basements, small commercial

buildings, local roads and streets, and lawns and

landscaping. The limitations are considered slight if

soil properties and site features are generally

favorable for the indicated use and limitations are

minor and easily overcome; moderate if soil properties

or site features are not favorable for the indicated use

and special planning, design, or maintenance is

needed to overcome or minimize the limitations; and

severe if soil properties or site features are so

unfavorable or so difficult to overcome that special

design, significant increases in construction costs, and

possibly increased maintenance are required. Special

feasibility studies may be required where the soil

limitations are severe.

Shallow excavations are trenches or holes dug to a

maximum depth of 5 or 6 feet for basements, graves,

utility lines, open ditches, and other purposes. The

ratings are based on soil properties, site features, and

observed performance of the soils. The ease of

digging, filling, and compacting is affected by the depth

to bedrock, a cemented pan, or a very firm dense

layer; stone content; soil texture; and slope. The time

of the year that excavations can be made is affected

by the depth to a seasonal high water table and the

susceptibility of the soil to flooding. The resistance of

the excavation walls or banks to sloughing or caving is

affected by soil texture and depth to the water table.

Dwellings and small commercial buildings are

structures built on shallow foundations on undisturbed

soil. The load limit is the same as that for single-family

dwellings no higher than three stories. Ratings are

made for small commercial buildings without

basements, for dwellings with basements, and for

dwellings without basements. The ratings are based

on soil properties, site features, and observed

performance of the soils. A high water table, flooding,

shrinking and swelling, and organic layers can cause

the movement of footings. A high water table, depth to

bedrock or to a cemented pan, large stones, slope,

and flooding affect the ease of excavation and
242 Soil Survey

construction. Landscaping and grading that require

cuts and fills of more than 5 or 6 feet are not

considered.

Local roads and streets have an all-weather surface

and carry automobile and light truck traffic all year.

They have a subgrade of cut or fill soil material; a base

of gravel, crushed rock, or stabilized soil material; and

a flexible or rigid surface. Cuts and fills are generally

limited to less than 6 feet. The ratings are based on

soil properties, site features, and observed

performance of the soils. Depth to bedrock or to a

cemented pan, a high water table, flooding, large

stones, and slope affect the ease of excavating and

grading. Soil strength (as inferred from the engineering

classification of the soil), shrink-swell potential,

potential for frost action, and depth to a high water

table affect the traffic-supporting capacity.

Lawns and landscaping require soils on which turf

and ornamental trees and shrubs can be established

and maintained. The ratings are based on soil

properties, site features, and observed performance of

the soils. Soil reaction, a high water table, depth to

bedrock or to a cemented pan, the available water

capacity in the upper 40 inches, and the content of

salts, sodium, and sulfidic materials affect plant

growth. Flooding, wetness, slope, stoniness, and the

amount of sand, clay, or organic matter in the surface

layer affect trafficability after vegetation is established.

Sanitary Facilities

Table 12 shows the degree and kind of soil

limitations that affect septic tank absorption fields,

sewage lagoons, sanitary landfills, and daily cover for

landfill. The limitations are considered slight if soil

properties and site features are generally favorable for

the indicated use and limitations are minor and easily

overcome; moderate if soil properties or site features

are not favorable for the indicated use and special

planning, design, or maintenance is needed to

overcome or minimize the limitations; and severe if soil

properties or site features are so unfavorable or so

difficult to overcome that special design, significant

increases in construction costs, and possibly

increased maintenance are required.

The table also shows the suitability of the soils for

use as daily cover for landfill. A rating of good

indicates that soil properties and site features are

favorable for the use and good performance and low

maintenance can be expected; fair indicates that soil

properties and site features are moderately favorable

for the use and one or more soil properties or site

features make the soil less desirable than the soils

rated good; and poor indicates that one or more soil

properties or site features are unfavorable for the use

and overcoming the unfavorable properties requires

special design, extra maintenance, or costly alteration.

Septic tank absorption fields are areas in which

effluent from a septic tank is distributed into the soil to

subsurface tiles or perforated pipe. Only that part of

the soil between depths of 24 and 72 inches is

evaluated. The ratings are based on soil properties,

site features, and observed performance of the soils.

Permeability, a high water table, depth to bedrock or to

a cemented pan, and flooding affect absorption of the

effluent. Large stones and bedrock or a cemented pan

interfere with installation.

Unsatisfactory performance of septic tank

absorption fields, including excessively slow

absorption of effluent, surfacing of effluent, and hillside

seepage, can affect public health. Ground water can

be polluted if highly permeable sand and gravel or

fractured bedrock is less than 4 feet below the base of

the absorption field, if slope is excessive, or if the

water table is near the surface. There must be

unsaturated soil material beneath the absorption field

to filter the effluent effectively. Many local ordinances

require that this material be of a certain thickness.

Sewage lagoons are shallow ponds constructed to

hold sewage while aerobic bacteria decompose the

solid and liquid wastes. Lagoons should have a nearly

level floor surrounded by cut slopes or embankments

of compacted soil. Lagoons generally are designed to

hold the sewage within a depth of 2 to 5 feet. Nearly

impervious soil material for the lagoon floor and sides

is required to minimize seepage and contamination of

ground water.

The table gives ratings for the natural soil that

makes up the lagoon floor. The surface layer and,

generally, 1 or 2 feet of soil material below the surface

layer are excavated to provide material for the

embankments. The ratings are based on soil

properties, site features, and observed performance of

the soils. Considered in the ratings are slope,

permeability, a high water table, depth to bedrock or to

a cemented pan, flooding, large stones, and content of

organic matter.

Excessive seepage resulting from rapid

permeability in the soil or a water table that is high

enough to raise the level of sewage in the lagoon

causes a lagoon to function unsatisfactorily. Pollution

results if seepage is excessive or if floodwater

overtops the lagoon. A high content of organic matter

is detrimental to proper functioning of the lagoon

because it inhibits aerobic activity. Slope, bedrock, and

cemented pans can cause construction problems, and

large stones can hinder compaction of the lagoon

floor.

Sanitary landfills are areas where solid waste is
St. Lawrence County, New York 243

disposed of by burying it in soil. There are two types of

landfill—trench and area. In a trench landfill, the waste

is placed in a trench. It is spread, compacted, and

covered daily with a thin layer of soil excavated at the

site. In an area landfill, the waste is placed in

successive layers on the surface of the soil. The waste

is spread, compacted, and covered daily with a thin

layer of soil from a source away from the site.

Both types of landfill must be able to bear heavy

vehicular traffic. Both types involve a risk of groundwater pollution. Ease of excavation and revegetation

should be considered.

The ratings in the table are based on soil

properties, site features, and observed performance of

the soils. Permeability, depth to bedrock or to a

cemented pan, a high water table, slope, and flooding

affect both types of landfill. Texture, stones and

boulders, highly organic layers, soil reaction, and

content of salts and sodium affect trench landfills.

Unless otherwise stated, the ratings apply only to that

part of the soil within a depth of about 6 feet. For

deeper trenches, a limitation rated slight or moderate

may not be valid. Onsite investigation is needed.

Daily cover for landfill is the soil material that is

used to cover compacted solid waste in an area

sanitary landfill. The soil material is obtained

offsite, transported to the landfill, and spread over

the waste.

Soil texture, wetness, coarse fragments, and slope

affect the ease of removing and spreading the material

during wet and dry periods. Loamy or silty soils that

are free of large stones or excess gravel are the best

cover for a landfill. Clayey soils are sticky or cloddy

and are difficult to spread; sandy soils are subject to

wind erosion.

After soil material has been removed, the soil

material remaining in the borrow area must be thick

enough over bedrock, a cemented pan, or the water

table to permit revegetation. The soil material used as

the final cover for a landfill should be suitable for

plants. The surface layer generally has the best

workability, more organic matter, and the best potential

for plants. Material from the surface layer should be

stockpiled for use as the final cover.

Construction Materials

Table 13 gives information about the soils as a

source of roadfill, sand, gravel, and topsoil. The soils

are rated good, fair, or poor as a source of roadfill and

topsoil. They are rated as a probable or improbable

source of sand and gravel. The ratings are based on

soil properties and site features that affect the removal

of the soil and its use as construction material. Normal

compaction, minor processing, and other standard

construction practices are assumed. Each soil is

evaluated to a depth of 5 or 6 feet.

Roadfill is soil material that is excavated in one

place and used in road embankments in another

place. In this table, the soils are rated as a source of

roadfill for low embankments, generally less than 6

feet high and less exacting in design than higher

embankments.

The ratings are for the soil material below the

surface layer to a depth of 5 or 6 feet. It is assumed

that soil layers will be mixed during excavating and

spreading. Many soils have layers of contrasting

suitability within their profile. The table showing

engineering index properties provides detailed

information about each soil layer. This information can

help to determine the suitability of each layer for use

as roadfill. The performance of soil after it is stabilized

with lime or cement is not considered in the ratings.

The ratings are based on soil properties, site

features, and observed performance of the soils. The

thickness of suitable material is a major consideration.

The ease of excavation is affected by large stones, a

high water table, and slope. How well the soil performs

in place after it has been compacted and drained is

determined by its strength (as inferred from the

engineering classification of the soil) and shrink-swell

potential.

Soils rated good contain significant amounts of

sand or gravel or both. They have at least 5 feet of

suitable material, a low shrink-swell potential, few

cobbles and stones, and slopes of 15 percent or less.

Depth to the water table is more than 3 feet. Soils

rated fair are more than 35 percent silt- and clay-sized

particles and have a plasticity index of less than 10.

They have a moderate shrink-swell potential, slopes of

15 to 25 percent, or many stones. Depth to the water

table is 1 to 3 feet. Soils rated poor have a plasticity

index of more than 10, a high shrink-swell potential,

many stones, or slopes of more than 25 percent. They

are wet and have a water table at a depth of less than

1 foot. They may have layers of suitable material, but

the material is less than 3 feet thick.

Sand and gravel are natural aggregates suitable for

commercial use with a minimum of processing. They

are used in many kinds of construction. Specifications

for each use vary widely. In the table, only the

probability of finding material in suitable quantity is

evaluated. The suitability of the material for specific

purposes is not evaluated, nor are factors that affect

excavation of the material.

The properties used to evaluate the soil as a source

of sand or gravel are gradation of grain sizes (as

indicated by the engineering classification of the soil),

the thickness of suitable material, and the content of
244 Soil Survey

rock fragments. Kinds of rock, acidity, and stratification

are given in the soil series descriptions. Gradation of

grain sizes is given in the table on engineering index

properties.

A soil rated as a probable source has a layer of

clean sand or gravel or a layer of sand or gravel that is

up to 12 percent silty fines. This material must be at

least 3 feet thick and less than 50 percent, by weight,

large stones. All other soils are rated as an improbable

source. Coarse fragments of soft bedrock, such as

shale and siltstone, are not considered to be sand and

gravel.

Topsoil is used to cover an area so that vegetation

can be established and maintained. The upper 40

inches of a soil is evaluated for use as topsoil. Also

evaluated is the reclamation potential of the borrow

area.

Plant growth is affected by toxic material and by

such properties as soil reaction, available water

capacity, and fertility. The ease of excavating, loading,

and spreading is affected by rock fragments, slope, a

water table, soil texture, and thickness of suitable

material. Reclamation of the borrow area is affected by

slope, a water table, rock fragments, bedrock, and

toxic material.

Soils rated good have friable, loamy material to a

depth of at least 40 inches. They are free of stones

and cobbles, have little or no gravel, and have slopes

of less than 8 percent. They are low in content of

soluble salts, are naturally fertile or respond well

to fertilizer, and are not so wet that excavation is

difficult.

Soils rated fair are sandy soils, loamy soils that

have a relatively high content of clay, soils that have

only 20 to 40 inches of suitable material, soils that

have an appreciable amount of gravel, stones, or

soluble salts, or soils that have slopes of 8 to 15

percent. The soils are not so wet that excavation is

difficult.

Soils rated poor are very sandy or clayey, have less

than 20 inches of suitable material, have a large

amount of gravel, stones, or soluble salts, have slopes

of more than 15 percent, or have a seasonal high

water table at or near the surface.

The surface layer of most soils is generally

preferred for topsoil because of its organic matter

content. Organic matter greatly increases the

absorption and retention of moisture and nutrients for

plant growth.

Water Management

Table 14 gives information on the soil properties

and site features that affect water management. The

degree and kind of soil limitations are given for pond

reservoir areas; embankments, dikes, and levees; and

aquifer-fed excavated ponds. The limitations are

considered slight if soil properties and site features are

generally favorable for the indicated use and

limitations are minor and are easily overcome;

moderate if soil properties or site features are not

favorable for the indicated use and special planning,

design, or maintenance is needed to overcome or

minimize the limitations; and severe if soil properties or

site features are so unfavorable or so difficult to

overcome that special design, significant increase in

construction costs, and possibly increased

maintenance are required.

This table also gives for each soil the restrictive

features that affect drainage, irrigation, terraces and

diversions, and grassed waterways.

Pond reservoir areas hold water behind a dam or

embankment. Soils best suited to this use have low

seepage potential in the upper 60 inches. The

seepage potential is determined by the permeability of

the soil and the depth to fractured bedrock or other

permeable material. Excessive slope can affect the

storage capacity of the reservoir area.

Embankments, dikes, and levees are raised

structures of soil material, generally less than 20 feet

high, constructed to impound water or to protect land

against overflow. In this table, the soils are rated as a

source of material for embankment fill. The ratings

apply to the soil material below the surface layer to a

depth of about 5 feet. It is assumed that soil layers will

be uniformly mixed and compacted during

construction.

The ratings do not indicate the ability of the natural

soil to support an embankment. Soil properties to a

depth even greater than the height of the embankment

can affect performance and safety of the embankment.

Generally, deeper onsite investigation is needed to

determine these properties.

Soil material in embankments must be resistant to

seepage, piping, and erosion and have favorable

compaction characteristics. Unfavorable features

include less than 5 feet of suitable material and a

high content of stones or boulders, organic matter,

or salts or sodium. A high water table affects

the amount of usable material. It also affects

trafficability.

Aquifer-fed excavated ponds are pits or dugouts

that extend to a ground-water aquifer or to a depth

below a permanent water table. Excluded are ponds

that are fed only by surface runoff and embankment

ponds that impound water 3 feet or more above the

original surface. Excavated ponds are affected by

depth to a permanent water table, permeability of the

aquifer, and quality of the water as inferred from the
St. Lawrence County, New York 245

salinity of the soil. Depth to bedrock and the content of

large stones affect the ease of excavation.

Drainage is the removal of excess surface and

subsurface water from the soil. How easily and

effectively the soil is drained depends on the depth to

bedrock, to a cemented pan, or to other layers that

affect the rate of water movement; permeability; depth

to a high water table or depth of standing water if the

soil is subject to ponding; slope; susceptibility to

flooding; subsidence of organic layers; and the

potential for frost action. Excavating and grading and

the stability of ditchbanks are affected by depth to

bedrock or to a cemented pan, large stones, slope,

and the hazard of cutbanks caving. The productivity

of the soil after drainage is adversely affected by

extreme acidity or by toxic substances in the root

zone, such as salts, sodium, and sulfur. Availability

of drainage outlets is not considered in the

ratings.

Irrigation is the controlled application of water to

supplement rainfall and support plant growth. The

design and management of an irrigation system are

affected by depth to the water table, the need for

drainage, flooding, available water capacity, intake

rate, permeability, erosion hazard, and slope. The

construction of a system is affected by large stones

and depth to bedrock or a cemented pan. The

performance of a system is affected by the depth of

the root zone, the amount of salts or sodium, and soil

reaction.

Terraces and diversions are embankments or a

combination of channels and ridges constructed

across a slope to control erosion and conserve

moisture by intercepting runoff. Slope, wetness, large

stones, and depth to bedrock or to a cemented pan

affect the construction of terraces and diversions. A

restricted rooting depth, a severe hazard of wind

erosion or water erosion, an excessively coarse

texture, and restricted permeability adversely affect

maintenance.

Grassed waterways are natural or constructed

channels, generally broad and shallow, that conduct

surface water to outlets at a nonerosive velocity.

Large stones, wetness, slope, and depth to bedrock

or to a cemented pan affect the construction of

grassed waterways. A hazard of wind erosion, low

available water capacity, restricted rooting depth, toxic

substances such as salts and sodium, and restricted

permeability adversely affect the growth and

maintenance of the grass after construction.

247

Data relating to soil properties are collected during

the course of the soil survey.

Soil properties are ascertained by field examination

of the soils and by laboratory index testing of some

benchmark soils. Established standard procedures are

followed. During the survey, many shallow borings are

made and examined to identify and classify the soils

and to delineate them on the soil maps. Samples are

taken from some typical profiles and tested in the

laboratory to determine particle-size distribution,

plasticity, and compaction characteristics. These

results are reported in table 20.

Estimates of soil properties are based on field

examinations, on laboratory tests of samples from the

survey area, and on laboratory tests of samples of

similar soils in nearby areas. Tests verify field

observations, verify properties that cannot be

estimated accurately by field observation, and help to

characterize key soils.

The estimates of soil properties are shown in

tables. They include engineering index properties,

physical and chemical properties, and pertinent soil

and water features.

Engineering Index Properties

Table 15 gives the engineering classifications and

the range of index properties for the layers of each soil

in the survey area.

Depth to the upper and lower boundaries of each

layer is indicated.

Texture is given in the standard terms used by the

U.S. Department of Agriculture. These terms are

defined according to percentages of sand, silt, and

clay in the fraction of the soil that is less than 2

millimeters in diameter. “Loam,” for example, is soil

that is 7 to 27 percent clay, 28 to 50 percent silt,

and less than 52 percent sand. If the content of

particles coarser than sand is 15 percent or more,

an appropriate modifier is added, for example,

“gravelly.” Textural terms are defined in the Glossary.

Classification of the soils is determined according to

the Unified soil classification system (ASTM 2001) and

the system adopted by the American Association of

State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO

2000).

The Unified system classifies soils according to

properties that affect their use as construction

material. Soils are classified according to particle-size

distribution of the fraction less than 3 inches in

diameter and according to plasticity index, liquid limit,

and organic matter content. Sandy and gravelly soils

are identified as GW, GP, GM, GC, SW, SP, SM, and

SC; silty and clayey soils as ML, CL, OL, MH, CH, and

OH; and highly organic soils as PT. Soils exhibiting

engineering properties of two groups can have a dual

classification, for example, CL-ML.

The AASHTO system classifies soils according to

those properties that affect roadway construction and

maintenance. In this system, the fraction of a mineral

soil that is less than 3 inches in diameter is classified

in one of seven groups from A-1 to A-7 on the basis of

particle-size distribution, liquid limit, and plasticity

index. Soils in group A-1 are coarse grained and low in

content of fines (silt and clay). At the other extreme,

soils in group A-7 are fine grained. Highly organic soils

are classified in group A-8 on the basis of visual

inspection.

Rock fragments larger than 10 inches in diameter

and 3 to 10 inches in diameter are indicated as a

percentage of the total soil on a dry-weight basis. The

percentages are estimates determined mainly by

converting volume percentage in the field to weight

percentage.

Percentage (of soil particles) passing designated

sieves is the percentage of the soil fraction less than 3

inches in diameter based on an ovendry weight. The

sieves, numbers 4, 10, 40, and 200 (USA Standard

Series), have openings of 4.76, 2.00, 0.420, and 0.074

millimeters, respectively. Estimates are based on

laboratory tests of soils sampled in the survey area

and in nearby areas and on estimates made in the

field.

Liquid limit and plasticity index (Atterberg limits)

indicate the plasticity characteristics of a soil. The

estimates are based on test data from the survey area

or from nearby areas and on field examination.

The estimates of particle-size distribution, liquid

limit, and plasticity index are generally rounded to the

Soil Properties
248 Soil Survey

nearest 5 percent. Thus, if the ranges of gradation and

Atterberg limits extend a marginal amount (1 or 2

percentage points) across classification boundaries,

the classification in the marginal zone is generally

omitted in the table.

Physical Properties

Table 16 shows estimates of some physical

characteristics and features that affect soil behavior.

These estimates are given for the layers of each soil in

the survey area. The estimates are based on field

observations and on test data for these and similar

soils.

Depth to the upper and lower boundaries of each

layer is indicated.

Particle size is the effective diameter of a soil

particle as measured by sedimentation, sieving, or

micrometric methods. Particle sizes are expressed as

classes with specific effective diameter class limits. A

broad class is clay.

Clay as a soil separate consists of mineral soil

particles that are less than 0.002 millimeter in

diameter. In table 16, the estimated clay content of

each soil layer is given as a percentage, by weight, of

the soil material that is less than 2 millimeters in

diameter.

The content of clay affects the physical behavior of

a soil. Particle size is important for engineering and

agronomic interpretations, for determination of soil

hydrologic qualities, and for soil classification.

The amount and kind of clay affect the fertility

and physical condition of the soil and the ability of

the soil to adsorb cations and to retain moisture.

They influence shrink-swell potential, permeability,

plasticity, the ease of soil dispersion, and other

soil properties. The amount and kind of clay in a

soil also affect tillage and earthmoving

operations.

Moist bulk density is the weight of soil (ovendry) per

unit volume. Volume is measured when the soil is at

field moisture capacity, that is, the moisture content at

1

/3- or 1/10-bar (33kPa or 10kPa) moisture tension.

Weight is determined after the soil is dried at 105

degrees C. In the table, the estimated moist bulk

density of each soil horizon is expressed in grams per

cubic centimeter of soil material that is less than 2

millimeters in diameter. Bulk density data are used to

compute shrink-swell potential, available water

capacity, total pore space, and other soil properties.

The moist bulk density of a soil indicates the pore

space available for water and roots. Depending on soil

texture, a bulk density of more than 1.4 can restrict

water storage and root penetration. Moist bulk density

is influenced by texture, kind of clay, content of organic

matter, and soil structure.

Permeability (Ksat ) refers to the ability of a soil to

transmit water or air. The term “permeability,” as used

in soil surveys, indicates saturated hydraulic

conductivity (Ksat ). The estimates in the table indicate

the rate of water movement, in inches per hour, when

the soil is saturated. They are based on soil

characteristics observed in the field, particularly

structure, porosity, and texture. Permeability is

considered in the design of soil drainage systems and

septic tank absorption fields.

Available water capacity refers to the quantity of

water that the soil is capable of storing for use by

plants. The capacity for water storage is given in

inches of water per inch of soil for each soil layer. The

capacity varies, depending on soil properties that

affect retention of water. The most important

properties are the content of organic matter, soil

texture, bulk density, and soil structure. Available water

capacity is an important factor in the choice of plants

or crops to be grown and in the design and

management of irrigation systems. Available water

capacity is not an estimate of the quantity of water

actually available to plants at any given time.

Linear extensibility refers to the change in length of

an unconfined clod as moisture content is decreased

from a moist to a dry state. It is an expression of the

volume change between the water content of the clod

at 1/3- or 1/10-bar tension (33kPa or 10kPa tension) and

oven dryness. The volume change is reported in the

table as percent change for the whole soil. Volume

change is influenced by the amount and type of clay

minerals in the soil.

Linear extensibility is used to determine the shrinkswell potential of soils. The shrink-swell potential is low

if the soil has a linear extensibility of less than 3

percent; moderate if 3 to 6 percent; high if 6 to 9

percent; and very high if more than 9 percent. If the

linear extensibility is more than 3, shrinking and

swelling can cause damage to buildings, roads, and

other structures and to plant roots. Special design

commonly is needed.

Organic matter is the plant and animal residue in

the soil at various stages of decomposition. In table

16, the estimated content of organic matter is

expressed as a percentage, by weight, of the soil

material that is less than 2 millimeters in diameter.

The content of organic matter in a soil can be

maintained by returning crop residue to the soil.

Organic matter has a positive effect on available water

capacity, water infiltration, soil organism activity, and

tilth. It is a source of nitrogen and other nutrients for

crops and soil organisms.
St. Lawrence County, New York 249

Erosion factors are shown in table 16 as the K

factor (Kw and Kf) and the T factor. Erosion factor K

indicates the susceptibility of a soil to sheet and rill

erosion by water. Factor K is one of several factors

used in the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) and

the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) to

predict the average annual rate of soil loss by sheet

and rill erosion in tons per acre per year. The

estimates are based primarily on percentage of silt,

sand, and organic matter and on soil structure and

permeability. Values of K range from 0.02 to 0.69.

Other factors being equal, the higher the value, the

more susceptible the soil is to sheet and rill erosion by

water.

Erosion factor Kw indicates the erodibility of the

whole soil. The estimates are modified by the

presence of rock fragments.

Erosion factor Kf indicates the erodibility of the fineearth fraction, or the material less than 2 millimeters in

size.

Erosion factor T is an estimate of the maximum

average annual rate of soil erosion by wind or water

that can occur without affecting crop productivity over

a sustained period. The rate is in tons per acre per

year.

Wind erodibility groups are made up of soils that

have similar properties affecting their susceptibility to

wind erosion in cultivated areas. The soils assigned to

group 1 are the most susceptible to wind erosion, and

those assigned to group 8 are the least susceptible.

The groups are as follows:

1. Coarse sands, sands, fine sands, and very fine

sands.

2. Loamy coarse sands, loamy sands, loamy fine

sands, loamy very fine sands, ash material, and sapric

soil material.

3. Coarse sandy loams, sandy loams, fine sandy

loams, and very fine sandy loams.

4L. Calcareous loams, silt loams, clay loams, and

silty clay loams.

4. Clays, silty clays, noncalcareous clay loams,

and silty clay loams that are more than 35 percent

clay.

5. Noncalcareous loams and silt loams that are

less than 20 percent clay and sandy clay loams, sandy

clays, and hemic soil material.

6. Noncalcareous loams and silt loams that are

more than 20 percent clay and noncalcareous clay

loams that are less than 35 percent clay.

7. Silts, noncalcareous silty clay loams that are

less than 35 percent clay, and fibric soil material.

8. Soils that are not subject to wind erosion

because of rock fragments on the surface or because

of surface wetness.

Wind erodibility index is a numerical value indicating

the susceptibility of soil to wind erosion, or the tons

per acre per year that can be expected to be lost to

wind erosion. There is a close correlation between

wind erosion and the texture of the surface layer, the

size and durability of surface clods, rock fragments,

organic matter, and a calcareous reaction. Soil

moisture and frozen soil layers also influence wind

erosion.

Chemical Properties

Table 17 shows estimates of some chemical

characteristics and features that affect soil behavior.

These estimates are given for the layers of each soil in

the survey area. The estimates are based on field

observations and on test data for these and similar

soils.

Depth to the upper and lower boundaries of each

layer is indicated.

Cation-exchange capacity is the total amount of

extractable bases that can be held by the soil,

expressed in terms of milliequivalents per 100 grams

of soil at neutrality (pH 7.0) or at some other stated pH

value. Soils having a low cation-exchange capacity

hold fewer cations and may require more frequent

applications of fertilizer than soils having a high cationexchange capacity. The ability to retain cations

reduces the hazard of ground-water pollution.

Effective cation-exchange capacity refers to the

sum of extractable bases plus aluminum expressed in

terms of milliequivalents per 100 grams of soil. It is

determined for soils that have pH of less than 5.5.

Soil reaction is a measure of acidity or alkalinity.

The pH of each soil horizon is based on many field

tests. For many soils, values have been verified by

laboratory analyses. Soil reaction is important in

selecting crops and other plants, in evaluating soil

amendments for fertility and stabilization, and in

determining the risk of corrosion.

Calcium carbonate equivalent is the percent of

carbonates, by weight, in the fraction of the soil less

than 2 millimeters in size. The availability of plant

nutrients is influenced by the amount of carbonates in

the soil. Incorporating nitrogen fertilizer into calcareous

soils helps to prevent nitrite accumulation and

ammonium-N volatilization.

Soil Features

Table 18 gives estimates of various soil features.

The estimates are used in land use planning that

involves engineering considerations.

A restrictive layer is a nearly continuous layer that
250 Soil Survey

has one or more physical, chemical, or thermal

properties that significantly impede the movement of

water and air to the soil or that restrict roots or

otherwise provide an unfavorable root environment.

Examples are bedrock, cemented layers, dense

layers, and frozen layers. The table indicates the

hardness and thickness of the restrictive layer, both of

which significantly affect the ease of excavation. Depth

to top is the vertical distance from the soil surface to

the upper boundary of the restrictive layer.

Subsidence is the settlement of organic soils or of

saturated mineral soils of very low density. Subsidence

generally results from either desiccation and

shrinkage or oxidation of organic material, or both,

following drainage. Subsidence takes place gradually,

usually over a period of several years. The table shows

the expected initial subsidence, which usually is a

result of drainage, and total subsidence, which results

from a combination of factors.

Potential for frost action is the likelihood of upward

or lateral expansion of the soil caused by the formation

of segregated ice lenses (frost heave) and the

subsequent collapse of the soil and loss of strength on

thawing. Frost action occurs when moisture moves

into the freezing zone of the soil. Temperature, texture,

density, permeability, content of organic matter, and

depth to the water table are the most important factors

considered in evaluating the potential for frost action. It

is assumed that the soil is not insulated by vegetation

or snow and is not artificially drained. Silty and highly

structured, clayey soils that have a high water table in

winter are the most susceptible to frost action. Well

drained, very gravelly, or very sandy soils are the least

susceptible. Frost heave and low soil strength during

thawing cause damage to pavements and other rigid

structures.

Risk of corrosion pertains to potential soil-induced

electrochemical or chemical action that corrodes or

weakens uncoated steel or concrete. The rate of

corrosion of uncoated steel is related to such factors

as soil moisture, particle-size distribution, acidity, and

electrical conductivity of the soil. The rate of corrosion

of concrete is based mainly on the sulfate and sodium

content, texture, moisture content, and acidity of the

soil. Special site examination and design may be

needed if the combination of factors results in a severe

hazard of corrosion. The steel or concrete in

installations that intersect soil boundaries or soil layers

is more susceptible to corrosion than the steel or

concrete in installations that are entirely within one

kind of soil or within one soil layer.

For uncoated steel, the risk of corrosion, expressed

as low, moderate, or high, is based on soil drainage

class, total acidity, electrical resistivity near field

capacity, and electrical conductivity of the saturation

extract.

For concrete, the risk of corrosion also is expressed

as low, moderate, or high. It is based on soil texture,

acidity, and amount of sulfates in the saturation

extract.

Water Features

Table 19 gives estimates of various water features.

The estimates are used in land use planning that

involves engineering considerations.

Hydrologic soil groups are based on estimates of

runoff potential. Soils are assigned to one of four

groups according to the rate of water infiltration when

the soils are not protected by vegetation, are

thoroughly wet, and receive precipitation from longduration storms.

The four hydrologic soil groups are:

Group A. Soils having a high infiltration rate (low

runoff potential) when thoroughly wet. These consist

mainly of deep, well drained to excessively drained

sands or gravelly sands. These soils have a high rate

of water transmission.

Group B. Soils having a moderate infiltration rate

when thoroughly wet. These consist chiefly of

moderately deep or deep, moderately well drained or

well drained soils that have moderately fine texture to

moderately coarse texture. These soils have a

moderate rate of water transmission.

Group C. Soils having a slow infiltration rate when

thoroughly wet. These consist chiefly of soils having a

layer that impedes the downward movement of water

or soils of moderately fine texture or fine texture.

These soils have a slow rate of water transmission.

Group D. Soils having a very slow infiltration rate

(high runoff potential) when thoroughly wet. These

consist chiefly of clays that have a high shrink-swell

potential, soils that have a high water table, soils that

have a claypan or clay layer at or near the surface,

and soils that are shallow over nearly impervious

material. These soils have a very slow rate of water

transmission.

If a soil is assigned to a dual hydrologic group (A/D,

B/D, or C/D), the first letter is for drained areas and the

second is for undrained areas.

The months in the table indicate the portion of the

year in which the feature is most likely to be a

concern.

Water table refers to a saturated zone in the soil.

Table 19 indicates, by month, depth to the top (upper

limit) and base (lower limit) of the saturated zone in

most years. Estimates of the upper and lower limits

are based mainly on observations of the water table at
St. Lawrence County, New York 251

selected sites and on evidence of a saturated zone,

namely grayish colors or mottles (redoximorphic

features) in the soil. A saturated zone that lasts

for less than a month is not considered a water

table.

Ponding is standing water in a closed depression.

Unless a drainage system is installed, the water is

removed only by percolation, transpiration, or

evaporation. Table 19 indicates surface water depth

and the duration and frequency of ponding. Duration is

expressed as very brief if less than 2 days, brief if 2 to

7 days, long if 7 to 30 days, and very long if more than

30 days. Frequency is expressed as none, rare,

occasional, and frequent. None means that ponding is

not probable; rare that it is unlikely but possible under

unusual weather conditions (the chance of ponding is

nearly 0 percent to 5 percent in any year); occasional

that it occurs, on the average, once or less in 2 years

(the chance of ponding is 5 to 50 percent in any year);

and frequent that it occurs, on the average, more than

once in 2 years (the chance of ponding is more than

50 percent in any year).

Flooding is the temporary inundation of an area

caused by overflowing streams, by runoff from

adjacent slopes, or by tides. Water standing for short

periods after rainfall or snowmelt is not considered

flooding, and water standing in swamps and marshes

is considered ponding rather than flooding.

Duration and frequency are estimated. Duration is

expressed as extremely brief if 0.1 hour to 4 hours,

very brief if 4 hours to 2 days, brief if 2 to 7 days, long

if 7 to 30 days, and very long if more than 30 days.

Frequency is expressed as none, very rare, rare,

occasional, frequent, and very frequent. None means

that flooding is not probable; very rare that it is very

unlikely but possible under extremely unusual weather

conditions (the chance of flooding is less than 1

percent in any year); rare that it is unlikely but possible

under unusual weather conditions (the chance of

flooding is 1 to 5 percent in any year); occasional that

it occurs infrequently under normal weather conditions

(the chance of flooding is 5 to 50 percent in any year);

frequent that it is likely to occur often under normal

weather conditions (the chance of flooding is more

than 50 percent in any year but is less than 50 percent

in all months in any year); and very frequent that it is

likely to occur very often under normal weather

conditions (the chance of flooding is more than 50

percent in all months of any year).

The information is based on evidence in the soil

profile, namely thin strata of gravel, sand, silt, or clay

deposited by floodwater; irregular decrease in organic

matter content with increasing depth; and little or no

horizon development.

Also considered are local information about the

extent and levels of flooding and the relation of each

soil on the landscape to historic floods. Information on

the extent of flooding based on soil data is less

specific than that provided by detailed engineering

surveys that delineate flood-prone areas at specific

flood frequency levels.

Engineering Index Test Data

Table 20 shows laboratory test data for several

pedons sampled at carefully selected sites in the

survey area. The pedons are representative of the

series described in the section “Soil Series and Their

Morphology.” The New York State Department of

Transportation, Bureau of Soil Mechanics, tested the

soil samples.

The testing methods generally are those of the

American Association of State Highway and

Transportation Officials (AASHTO) or the American

Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM).

The tests and methods are AASHTO

classification—M 145 (AASHTO), D 3282 (ASTM);

Unified classification—D 2487-00 (ASTM); Mechanical

analysis—T 88 (AASHTO), D 422 (ASTM), D 2217

(ASTM); Liquid limit—T 89 (AASHTO), D 4318

(ASTM); Plasticity index—T 90 (AASHTO), D 4318

(ASTM); Moisture density—T 99 (AASHTO), D 698

(ASTM); Specific gravity—T 100 (AASHTO), D 854

(ASTM); and Shrinkage—T 92 (AASHTO), D 427

(ASTM).

253

The system of soil classification used by the

National Cooperative Soil Survey has six categories

(Soil Survey Staff 1975 and 1990). Beginning with the

broadest, these categories are the order, suborder,

great group, subgroup, family, and series.

Classification is based on soil properties observed in

the field or inferred from those observations or from

laboratory measurements. Table 21 shows the

classification of the soils in the survey area. The

categories are defined in the following paragraphs.

ORDER. Twelve soil orders are recognized. The

differences among orders reflect the dominant soilforming processes and the degree of soil formation.

Each order is identified by a word ending in sol. An

example is Entisol.

SUBORDER. Each order is divided into suborders

primarily on the basis of properties that influence soil

genesis and are important to plant growth or

properties that reflect the most important variables

within the orders. The last syllable in the name of a

suborder indicates the order. An example is Aquent

(Aqu, meaning water, plus ent, from Entisol).

GREAT GROUP. Each suborder is divided into great

groups on the basis of close similarities in kind,

arrangement, and degree of development of

pedogenic horizons; soil moisture and temperature

regimes; type of saturation; and base status. Each

great group is identified by the name of a suborder

and by a prefix that indicates a property of the soil. An

example is Haplaquents (Hapl, meaning minimal

horizonation, plus aquent, the suborder of the Entisols

that has an aquic moisture regime).

SUBGROUP. Each great group has a typic

subgroup. Other subgroups are intergrades or

extragrades. The typic subgroup is the central concept

of the great group; it is not necessarily the most

extensive. Intergrades are transitions to other orders,

suborders, or great groups. Extragrades have some

properties that are not representative of the great

group but do not indicate transitions to any other

taxonomic class. Each subgroup is identified by one or

more adjectives preceding the name of the great

group. The adjective Mollic identifies a subgroup of the

great group. An example is Mollic Haplaquents.

FAMILY. Families are established within a subgroup

on the basis of physical and chemical properties and

other characteristics that affect management.

Generally, the properties are those of horizons below

plow depth where there is much biological activity.

Among the properties and characteristics considered

are particle size, mineral content, soil temperature

regime, soil depth, and reaction. A family name

consists of the name of a subgroup preceded by terms

that indicate soil properties. An example is sandy over

loamy, mixed, nonacid, frigid Mollic Haplaquents.

SERIES. The series consists of soils within a family

that have horizons similar in color, texture, structure,

reaction, consistence, mineral and chemical

composition, and arrangement in the profile.

Soil Series and Their Morphology

In this section, each soil series recognized in the

survey area is described. Characteristics of the soil

and the material in which it formed are identified for

each series (Cline 1963, Jenny 1941, Simonson

1959). A pedon, a small three-dimensional area of soil,

that is typical of the series in the survey area is

described. The detailed description of each soil

horizon follows standards in the “Soil Survey Manual”

(Soil Survey Division Staff 1993). Many of the

technical terms used in the descriptions are defined in

“Soil Taxonomy” (Soil Survey Staff 1975) and in “Keys

to Soil Taxonomy” (Soil Survey Staff 1990). Unless

otherwise indicated, colors in the descriptions are for

moist soil. Following the pedon description is the range

of important characteristics of the soils in the series.

The map units of each soil series are described in

the section “Detailed Soil Map Units.”

Adams Series

The Adams series consists of very deep, somewhat

excessively drained and excessively drained soils

formed in sandy deposits on outwash plains, deltas,

lake plains, moraines, terraces, and eskers. Slopes

range from 0 to 35 percent.

Adams soils are in a drainage sequence with

moderately well drained Croghan soils, somewhat

Classification of the Soils
254 Soil Survey

poorly drained and poorly drained Naumburg soils,

and very poorly drained Searsport soils. They are also

near Berkshire, Colton, Flackville, Raquette, and

Waddington soils. Adams soils have coarser textures

and fewer rock fragments than Berkshire soils. They

have less gravel content than Colton, Waddington, and

Raquette soils and have a coarser textured

substratum than that in Flackville soils.

Typical pedon of Adams sand, 2 to 8 percent

slopes, in the town of Brasher, 2,000 feet northwest of

intersection of Vice Road and Paxton Road:

Ap—0 to 7 inches; dark brown (7.5YR 4/2) sand; weak

fine granular structure; very friable; strongly acid;

abrupt smooth boundary.

E—7 to 8 inches; pinkish gray (7.5YR 6/2) sand; single

grain; friable; strongly acid; abrupt irregular

boundary.

Bh—8 to 9 inches; dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) loamy

sand; single grain; some weakly cemented parts

(20 percent), friable; strongly acid; clear irregular

boundary.

Bs—9 to 13 inches; yellowish red (5YR 4/6) loamy

sand; single grain; strongly acid; gradual wavy

boundary.

BC—13 to 20 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) sand;

single grain; loose; strongly acid; gradual wavy

boundary.

C—20 to 72 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4)

sand; single grain; loose; moderately acid.

Thickness of the solum ranges from 16 to 30

inches. Depth to bedrock is more than 72 inches. Rock

fragments, mostly gravel, range from 0 to 5 percent

above a depth of 20 inches and from 0 to 20 percent

below that depth.

Reaction is very strongly acid to moderately acid in

the A and B horizons and is very strongly acid to

slightly acid in the C horizon. Some pedons have

contrasting very gravelly deposits below a depth of 40

inches.

Some pedons have an O horizon, which is neutral

or has hue of 5YR to 10YR, value of 2 or 3, and

chroma of 0 to 2.

The A or Ap horizon has hue of 5YR to 10YR, value

of 3 to 5, and chroma of 1 to 4. Texture is loamy fine

sand, loamy sand, fine sand, or sand. Structure is

weak or moderate, fine or medium, granular.

The E horizon has hue of 5YR to 10YR, value of 5

to 7, and chroma of 1 to 3. Texture is loamy fine sand,

loamy sand, fine sand, or sand. Structure is granular

or the horizon is single grain.

The Bhs or Bh horizon has hue of 2.5YR to 7.5YR,

value of 2 or 3, and chroma of 1 to 4. Texture is loamy

fine sand, loamy sand, fine sand, or sand. Structure is

weak or moderate, fine or medium, granular, or the

horizon is massive or single grain. Some pedons have

massive bodies 1

/2 to 8 inches across.

The Bs horizon has hue of 5YR to 10YR, value of 4

to 6, and chroma of 3 to 8. Texture is loamy fine sand,

loamy sand, fine sand, or sand in the fine-earth

fraction. Structure is weak or very weak, or granular or

subangular blocky; or the horizon is massive or single

grain.

The BC horizon has hue of 7.5YR to 5Y, value of 4

to 6, and chroma of 2 to 6. Texture is fine sand to

coarse sand in the fine-earth fraction.

The C horizon has hue of 10YR to 5Y, value of 4 to

7, and chroma of 2 to 6. Texture is fine sand to coarse

sand in the fine-earth fraction.

Adirondack Series

The Adirondack series consists of somewhat poorly

drained and poorly drained loamy soils that are

shallow or moderately deep to compact glacial till and

very deep to bedrock. These soils are in shallow

depressions or along drainageways on till planes on

uplands. Slopes are dominantly 0 to 7 percent, but the

range is 0 to 15 percent.

Adirondack soils are near well drained Potsdam and

Berkshire soils and moderately well drained Crary and

Sunapee soils in higher topographic positions. They

are also near very poorly drained Tughill soils and

poorly drained Lyme soils that both have a more

friable substratum than that in Adirondack soils.

Typical pedon of Adirondack fine sandy loam, in an

area of Adirondack-Tughill-Lyme complex, 0 to 8

percent slopes, very bouldery, in the town of Clifton,

50 feet west of a point on a road in the woods 1.3

miles west of New York Route 3, 7.1 miles east of the

village of Cranberry Lake:

Oi—0 to 2 inches; dark reddish brown (5YR 2/2)

slightly decomposed forest litter, dark brown

(7.5YR) dry; many fine roots; very strongly acid;

abrupt wavy boundary.

Oa—2 to 3 inches; black (N 2/0) highly decomposed

organic material, very dark gray (5YR 3/1) dry;

moderate medium and fine granular structure;

friable, slightly sticky; many fine and few medium

and coarse roots; extremely acid; abrupt wavy

boundary.

A—3 to 8 inches; black (N 2/0) fine sandy loam, very

dark gray (5YR 3/1) dry; weak fine and medium

subangular blocky structure; friable; many fine and

medium roots; 10 percent rock fragments, mostly

cobbles and stones; very strongly acid; abrupt

distinct boundary.

E—8 to 10 inches; gray (5YR 6/1) stony fine sandy
St. Lawrence County, New York 255

loam; many fine distinct reddish brown (5YR 5/4)

mottles; weak medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; common fine roots; 25 percent

rock fragments, mostly stones; strongly acid; clear

distinct boundary.

Bh—10 to 13 inches; dark reddish brown (5YR 3/2)

stony fine sandy loam; many fine faint reddish

brown (5YR 5/4) mottles; weak medium

subangular blocky structure; friable; many fine and

common medium roots; many fine vesicular pores;

25 percent rock fragments, mostly stones; strongly

acid; clear wavy boundary.

Bhs—13 to 17 inches; dark reddish brown (5YR 3/3)

stony loam; few fine distinct brown (7.5 YR 5/4)

mottles; weak medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; few fine and few medium roots;

few fine vesicular pores; 25 percent rock

fragments; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.

Bs—17 to 22 inches; reddish brown (5YR 4/4) stony

sandy loam; few fine faint dark reddish brown

(5YR 3/2) mottles; weak medium subangular

blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; few fine

vesicular pores; 25 percent rock fragments, mostly

stones; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

Cdg—22 to 72 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

stony sandy loam; massive; very firm; 20 percent

rock fragments, mostly stones; strongly acid.

The thickness of the solum ranges from 15 to 30

inches. Rock fragments range from 5 to 35 percent

throughout.

Some pedons have an O horizon that ranges from

fibric to sapric material. Reaction is extremely acid or

very strongly acid.

The A horizon is neutral or has hue of 5YR to

10YR, value of 1 to 3, and chroma of 0 to 3. Texture is

sandy loam to silt loam. Reaction ranges from

extremely acid to strongly acid.

The E horizon, where it occurs, has hue of 5YR to

10YR, value of 5 to 7, and chroma of 1 or 2. Texture is

sandy loam to silt loam. Reaction ranges from

extremely acid to strongly acid.

The Bh horizon has hue of 5YR or 7.5YR, value of

2 or 3, and chroma of 1 or 2. Texture is sandy loam to

silt loam. Reaction ranges from extremely acid to

strongly acid. Consistence is friable or very friable.

The Bhs horizon has hue of 5YR or 7.5YR and

value and chroma of 3. Texture is sandy loam to silt

loam. Reaction ranges from extremely acid to strongly

acid. Consistence is friable or very friable.

The Bs horizon has hue of 5YR or 7.5YR, value of 3

to 5, and chroma of 3 or 4. Texture is sandy loam to silt

loam. Reaction ranges from extremely acid to strongly

acid. Consistence is friable or very friable.

The BC horizon, where it occurs, has hue of 7.5YR

to 2.5Y, value of 3 to 6, and chroma of 1 to 4. Texture

is sandy loam to silt loam. Reaction is strongly acid or

very strongly acid. Consistence is friable or firm.

The Cdg horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of

4 or 5, and chroma of 1 or 2. Texture is fine sandy

loam to loamy sand. Reaction is strongly acid or

moderately acid. The horizon is massive or platy.

Consistence is firm or very firm.

Adjidaumo Series

The Adjidaumo series consists of very deep, poorly

drained and very poorly drained soils formed in fine

sediments deposited in marine environments. These

soils are on marine plains and in basins on uplands.

Slopes range from 0 to 2 percent.

Adjidaumo soils are in a drainage sequence with

moderately well drained Heuvelton soils and

somewhat poorly drained Muskellunge soils. They are

also near Wegatchie, Swanton, Stockholm, Runeberg,

Dorval, Ogdensburg, Hannawa, and Guff soils.

Adjidaumo soils have finer textures than Wegatchie,

Swanton, Stockholm, Runeberg, Ogdensburg, and

Hannawa soils. Adjidaumo soils are mineral, but

Dorval soils are organic. Unlike Adjidaumo soils, Guff

soils are moderately deep.

Typical pedon of Adjidaumo silty clay, in the town of

Dekalb, 80 feet northeast of a point on Gibbons Street,

180 feet south of junction of U.S. Route 11 and

Gibbons Street:

Ap—0 to 8 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silty clay;

gray (10YR 5/1) mottles; weak fine subangular

blocky structure; friable, sticky; many very fine and

medium interstitial pores; less than 1 percent rock

fragments; neutral abrupt smooth boundary.

Bg1—8 to 18 inches; gray (N 6/0) silty clay; many

coarse prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

mottles; weak fine and medium subangular blocky

structure; friable, sticky; few fine and very fine

roots; few medium vesicular pores, and few fine

and medium interstitial pores; less than 1 percent

rock fragments; neutral; gradual wavy boundary.

Bg2—18 to 27 inches; gray (N 5/0) clay; many medium

prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) and many

coarse faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2) mottles;

weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable,

sticky; few fine roots; common fine and very fine

vesicular and few fine tubular pores; less than 1

percent rock fragments; neutral; clear wavy

boundary.

Cg—27 to 72 inches; gray (N 5/0) clay; many coarse

prominent dark brown (10YR 4/3) and few medium

prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) mottles;

massive; firm, sticky; very few fine roots; very few
256 Soil Survey

fine vesicular pores; less than 1 percent rock

fragments; very slightly effervescent; slightly

alkaline.

Depth to carbonates ranges from 24 to 60 inches.

Rock fragments range from 0 to 2 percent in the solum

and from 0 to 20 percent in the C horizon.

The A horizon has hue to 10YR, value of 2 or 3,

and chroma of 0 to 2. In most pedons texture is silty

clay loam or silty clay, but the range includes silt loam

and clay and in some pedons their analogs. Reaction

is slightly acid or neutral.

The B horizon is neutral or has hue of 10YR to 5Y,

value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 0 to 2. Texture is silty

clay loam, silty clay, or clay. Reaction is neutral or

slightly alkaline.

The C horizon is neutral or has hue of 7.5YR to

2.5Y, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 0 to 3. Texture is

silty clay loam, silty clay, or clay. In some pedons the

horizon has thin layers of silt loam, very fine sand, or

fine sand. In many pedons it is varved. It is massive or

structure is platy. Reaction is slightly alkaline or

moderately alkaline.

Berkshire Series

The Berkshire series consists of very deep, well

drained soils formed in loamy glacial till on valley sides

and uplands. Slopes range from 3 to 35 percent.

Berkshire soils are in a drainage sequence with

moderately well drained Sunapee soils and poorly

drained Lyme soils. They are also near Adams, Colton,

Lyman, Potsdam, and Tunbridge soils. Berkshire soils

have less sand than Adams soils have and less sand

and gravel than Colton soils have. Berkshire soils are

deeper to bedrock than Tunbridge and Lyman soils.

The substratum in Berkshire soils is less firm and

dense than that in Potsdam soils.

Typical pedon of Berkshire loam, in an area of

Sunapee and Berkshire soils, 3 to 8 percent slopes,

very bouldery, in the town of Lawrence, 650 feet

south-southwest of bend in Savage Road on power

line, near boundary of Franklin County:

Ap—0 to 7 inches; dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) loam; weak

fine granular structure; friable; 5 percent rock

fragments; strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

Bs—7 to 11 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/4) loam; weak

medium subangular blocky structure; friable,

slightly smeary; 10 percent rock fragments;

strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

Bw—11 to 30 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) gravelly loam;

weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; 20

percent rock fragments; strongly acid; clear

irregular boundary.

C—30 to 72 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

sandy loam; massive; friable; 10 percent rock

fragments; strongly acid.

The thickness of the solum ranges from 16 to 36

inches. The A horizon is, by volume, 5 to 20 percent

gravel or channers, 0 to 10 percent cobbles, and 0 to

10 percent stones or boulders. The B and C horizons

are, by volume, 10 to 20 percent gravel or channers, 0

to 10 percent cobbles, and 0 to 5 percent stones or

boulders. In unlimed areas reaction ranges from

extremely acid to moderately acid.

The A horizon is neutral or has hue of 5YR to

10YR, value of 2 or 3, and chroma of 0 to 3. The Ap

horizon has hue of 5YR to 10YR and value and

chroma of 2 to 4. Texture in the A or Ap horizon ranges

from sandy loam to silt loam.

The E horizon, where it occurs, is neutral or has

hue of 2.5YR to 2.5Y, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 0

to 2. Texture ranges from sandy loam to silt loam.

The Bhs horizon, where it occurs, has hue of 2.5YR

to 7.5YR, value of 2 to 4, and chroma of 3 or 4. Texture

is fine sandy loam, sandy loam, loam, or silt loam.

The Bh horizon, where it occurs, is up to 4 inches

thick and has value and chroma of 3 or less. Texture is

similar to that of the Bhs horizon.

The Bs horizon has hue of 5YR to 10YR, value of 3

to 5, and chroma of 4 to 8. Texture is fine sandy loam,

sandy loam, loam, or silt loam.

The Bw horizon has hue of 10YR to 5Y, value of 3

to 5, and chroma of 2 to 4. Texture is fine sandy loam,

sandy loam, or loam.

The B horizon has weak granular or subangular

blocky structure. Maximum combined thickness of the

spodic horizon is 16 inches.

The BC horizon, where it occurs, is as much as 5

inches thick.

The C horizon has hue of 10YR to 5Y, value of 3 to

6, and chroma of 2 to 4. Texture ranges from sandy

loam to loam. In some pedons it has individual layers

of coarse sand or loamy coarse sand below a depth of

40 inches. The horizon is dominantly friable, but in

some pedons it has some discrete firm masses or

strata.

Borosaprists

Borosaprists consist of shallow to very deep, very

poorly drained organic soils that formed in dark

reddish brown, well decomposed plant remains. These

soils, which are inundated with shallow water

throughout much of the year, are called freshwater

marsh. They are in depressions near open bodies of

water or where beavers have dammed water courses.

Slopes range from 0 to 1 percent.
St. Lawrence County, New York 257

Borosaprists are in a soil complex that has

components of Tunbridge and Ricker soils or in an

undifferentiated group that has a component of

Fluvaquents. They are near Adjidaumo, Colton,

Searsport, and Wegatchie soils. Borosaprists are

organic, but Adjidaumo, Colton, Searsport, Tunbridge,

and Wegatchie soils are mineral. Borosaprists are

similar to Ricker soils but unlike Ricker soils they are

lower on the landscape, are subject to frequent

flooding, and have an aquic moisture regime.

Borosaprists are highly variable, and thus a typical

pedon is not provided. Depth to bedrock is variable but

is generally below a depth of 60 inches. The organic

material is dominantly herbaceous sapric material

but includes woody sapric material in the subsurface

tier.

Borosaprists have organic material more than 16

inches thick that overlies mineral soil deposits. Woody

fragments make up as much as 10 percent of the

volume in the lower layers. Reaction ranges from

extremely acid to neutral.

The organic tiers have hue of 2.5YR to 5Y, value of

2 or 3, and chroma of 0 to 2. They are, to a depth of

about 10 inches, well decomposed woody or

herbaceous plant remains that have less than 15

percent rubbed fiber content. Below a depth of about

10 inches the organic tiers are not well decomposed.

The mineral substratum is neutral or has hue of

5YR to 10YR, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 1 or 2.

Texture is silty clay loam to loamy sand.

Carbondale Series

The Carbondale series consists of very deep, very

poorly drained soils in depressions on till plains,

outwash plains, and lake plains. These soils formed in

organic deposits. Slopes range from 0 to 2 percent.

Carbondale soils are very near Dorval soils. In

places, they are also near Borosaprists; Fluvaquents;

Hogansburg, Kalurah, and Malone soils; and

Udifluvents. Unlike Carbondale soils, Borosaprists,

Fluvaquents, and Udifluvents are not subject to

frequent flooding. Unlike Carbondale soils,

Hogansburg, Kalurah, and Malone soils are mineral.

Typical pedon of Carbondale muck, in the town of

Rossie, 1,200 feet northeast of Butler Road, 400 feet

southeast of Rossie-Hammond townline, in a woodlot:

Oa1—0 to 12 inches; dark reddish brown (5YR 2/2)

broken face and rubbed, sapric material (muck);

about 30 percent fibers, 10 percent after rubbing;

weak fine and medium granular structure; very

friable; primarily woody and herbaceous fibers;

many fine, common medium, and few coarse

roots; neutral; clear wavy boundary.

Oa2—12 to 40 inches; dark reddish brown (5YR 2/2)

broken face and rubbed sapric material (muck);

about 45 percent fibers, 15 percent after rubbing;

massive; very friable; primarily woody and

herbaceous fibers; few fine, medium, and coarse

roots; neutral; clear wavy boundary.

Oe1—40 to 74 inches; black (5YR 2/1) broken face

and dark reddish brown (5YR 2/2) rubbed hemic

material (mucky peat); about 90 percent fibers, 55

percent after rubbing; massive; very friable;

primarily woody and herbaceous material; neutral;

clear wavy boundary.

Oe2—74 to 99 inches; dark reddish brown (5YR 2/2)

broken face and dark reddish brown (5YR 3/2)

rubbed, hemic material (mucky peat); about 70

percent fibers, 30 percent after rubbing; massive;

very friable; primarily woody and herbaceous

materials; neutral; clear wavy boundary.

The organic layers are more than 51 inches thick.

Organic material has hue of 10YR, 7.5YR, or 5YR, or

is neutral; value is 2 or 3 and chroma is 0 to 2. Some

pedons have woody fragments that range from 1 to

several inches in diameter, throughout.

The surface tier contains either sapric (muck) or

hemic (mucky peat) materials, or both. In some

pedons it is a thin, 1- to 3-inch fibric layer. It generally

has granular structure, but in some pedons the

primary structure is weak or moderate coarse blocky

or prismatic. It commonly is derived from herbaceous

plants, but in some pedons it has some woody

material. Below a depth of 12 inches woody materials

typically have a small amount of recognizable fiber.

More than one-half the volume of the subsurface

tier is sapric material (muck). Where this layer contains

sapric (muck), fibric (peat), and hemic materials

(mucky peat), sapric material (muck) is the largest

component. The subsurface tier dominantly has pH of

6.5 to 7.5 in calcium chloride and pH of 5.5 to 7.0 in

water, and the full range is from pH of 5.5 to less than

7.8 in calcium chloride. It is commonly massive, but

some of it breaks into thick to thin plates that reflect

the mode of deposition.

In most pedons the bottom tier is dominantly hemic

material (mucky peat), and in some pedons it is

entirely hemic material (mucky peat). More than 10

inches of the subsurface and bottom tiers are hemic

material (mucky peat). Most of the bottom tier is

massive; some of it breaks into thick to thin, possibly

depositional plates.

Colton Series

The Colton series consists of very deep,

excessively drained soils formed in glacial fluvial
258 Soil Survey

deposits on glacial outwash plains, eskers, and

kames. Slopes range from 0 to 35 percent.

Colton soils are near, and have a higher gravel

content than, Adams, Duxbury, Berkshire, and

Croghan soils. In places they are also near, and have

a higher gravel content than, Potsdam and Crary soils.

Typical pedon of Colton gravelly loamy sand, in an

area of Colton-Duxbury complex, 2 to 8 percent

slopes, in Town of Pitcairn, 330 feet south of a point on

New York Route 3 that is 3,700 feet east of junction of

New York Route 3 and Jayville Road:

Ap—0 to 6 inches; dark reddish brown (10YR 3/2)

gravelly loamy sand; weak fine and medium

granular structure; very friable; common fine and

medium roots; 25 percent rock fragments (5

percent cobbles, 20 percent gravel); very strongly

acid; abrupt wavy boundary.

Bhs—6 to 7 inches; dark reddish brown (5YR 3/3) very

gravelly sand; weak fine granular structure; very

friable; few fine and medium roots; 40 percent rock

fragments (35 percent gravel, 5 percent cobbles);

strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

Bs—7 to 14 inches; reddish brown (5YR 4/4) very

gravelly sand; weak medium subangular blocky

structure parting to single grain; very friable; few

fine and medium roots; 50 percent rock fragments;

strongly acid; diffuse wavy boundary.

BC—14 to 20 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4, 10YR 4/3,

and 10YR 5/3) and pale brown (10YR 6/3) very

gravelly sand; single grain; loose; few fine and

medium roots; 50 percent rock fragments; strongly

acid; diffuse wavy boundary.

C—20 to 72 inches; brown (10YR 5/3 and 10YR 4/3)

and pale brown (10YR 6/3) very gravelly sand;

single grain; loose; 40 percent rock fragments;

strongly acid.

Thickness of the solum ranges from 18 to 45

inches. Rock fragments range, by volume, from 15 to

35 percent in the A horizon, 15 to 55 percent in the B

horizon, and 35 to 70 percent in the C horizon.

The Ap horizon has hue of 10YR to 5YR, value of 3

to 5, and chroma of 2 to 4. Texture is sand or loamy

coarse sand to fine sandy loam in the fine-earth

fraction. Structure is granular or the horizon is

structureless. In unlimed areas reaction is extremely

acid to moderately acid. Some unplowed pedons have

a thin A horizon and chroma of 3.

The E horizon, where it occurs, has hue of 5YR to

10YR, value of 4 to 7, and chroma of 1 or 2. Texture is

coarse sand to loamy fine sand in the fine-earth

fraction. Some pedons have layers that range to fine

sandy loam. Reaction is extremely acid to moderately

acid.

The Bh horizon, where it occurs, has hue of 2.5YR

to 10YR, value of 2 or 3, and chroma of 1 or 2. Texture

ranges from coarse sand to loamy fine sand in the

fine-earth fraction. Some pedons have layers that

range to fine sandy loam. Structure is granular, or the

horizon is massive and very friable or friable and in

places has cemented masses. Reaction is extremely

acid to moderately acid. Some pedons have a Bhs

horizon that has value and chroma of 3 or less.

The Bs horizon has hue of 2.5YR to 10YR, value of

3 to 6, and chroma of 3 to 8. Texture ranges from

coarse sand to loamy fine sand in the fine-earth

fraction. Some pedons have thin layers that range to

fine sandy loam. Structure is granular or subangular

blocky or the horizon is massive or single grain.

Reaction is extremely acid to strongly acid.

The BC horizon has hue of 5YR to 2.5Y, value of 3

to 6, and chroma of 2 to 6. Texture ranges from coarse

sand to loamy fine sand in the fine-earth fraction.

Reaction is extremely acid to moderately acid. Some

pedons have a CB horizon.

The C horizon has hue of 7.5YR to 5Y, value of 3 to

7, and chroma of 2 to 6. It consists of gravel, cobbles,

or stones with loamy sand, sand, or coarse sand in the

interstices. It has varying degrees of stratification.

Reaction is very strongly acid to slightly acid.

Cook Series

The Cook series consists of very deep, very poorly

drained and poorly drained soils on beaches and

glacial till plains. These soils formed in sandy

sediments overlying loamy sediments. Slopes range

from 0 to 2 percent.

Cook soils are in a drainage sequence with

somewhat poorly drained Coveytown, moderately well

drained Fahey, and excessively drained Trout River

soils. Cook soils are near Adams, Croghan, Dorval,

Munuscong, Naumburg, and Searsport soils. Unlike

Cook soils, Adams, Croghan, Naumburg, and

Searsport soils are not sandy below a depth of 37

inches; Dorval soils are organic; and Munscong soils

have a loamy subsoil and a clayey substratum.

Typical pedon of Cook loamy fine sand, in the town

of Lawrence, 75 feet east of Winn Road, 1.1 miles

north of Hallahan Road:

A—0 to 7 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) loamy fine

sand, gray (10YR 5/1) dry; few fine prominent

reddish brown (5YR 4/4) mottles; weak fine and

medium granular structure; friable; many fine and

medium roots; 10 percent rock fragments (mostly

stones); moderately acid; clear wavy boundary.

Cg1—7 to 39 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) loamy
St. Lawrence County, New York 259

sand; many medium faint brown (10YR 5/3) and

common medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR

5/8) mottles; single grain; loose; few fine roots in

the upper 5 inches; 10 percent rock fragments

(mostly stones); slightly acid; clear wavy

boundary.

2Cg2—39 to 72 inches; gray (10YR 5/4) mottles;

massive; friable; 20 percent rock fragments

(stones); neutral.

Depth to bedrock is more than 60 inches. Depth to

loamy till ranges from 20 to 39 inches. Depth to

carbonates ranges from 24 to 80 inches or more. Rock

fragments are at a depth ranging from 24 to 80 inches

or more. Rock fragments range from 5 to 35 percent

above a depth of 30 inches, exclusive of the A horizon,

which ranges from 5 to 15 percent. Rock fragments

range from 10 to 50 percent below a depth of 30

inches.

The A horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 2 or 3,

and chroma of 1 or 2. Texture ranges from loamy sand

to mucky loamy fine sand. Structure is weak or

moderate granular. Consistence is friable or very

friable. Reaction ranges from strongly acid to neutral.

The C horizon has hue of 10YR to 5Y, value of 4 to

6, and chroma of 1 or 2. Texture is sand to loamy fine

sand. The horizon is structureless and loose. Reaction

ranges from moderately acid to neutral.

The 2C horizon has colors similar to those of the C

horizon. Texture ranges from sandy loam to fine sandy

loam. Reaction ranges from neutral to moderately

alkaline.

Cornish Series

The Cornish series consists of very deep,

somewhat poorly drained soils formed in alluvial

sediments on flood plains. Slopes range from 0 to 2

percent.

Cornish soils are in a drainage sequence with

moderately well drained Lovewell soils. They are also

near Adjidaumo soils, flooded phase; Borosaprists;

Fluvaquents; and Udifluvents. Cornish soils are not as

fine textured as Adjidaumo soils. Unlike Cornish soils,

Borosaprists do not have a mucky surface layer.

Fluvaquents and Udifluvents formed in old river

channels, on gravel bars, and in other low areas on

the flood plain; thus, they have variable drainage and

texture.

Typical pedon of Cornish silt loam, in the town of

Dekalb, 0.15 mile west on County Route 86 from the

junction with New York Route 812 (just across the

Oswegatchie River), 0.3 mile south on farm trail

(following path of the river), 100 feet from the river; in a

hayfield:

Ap—0 to 8 inches; dark brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam;

weak fine granular structure; friable; common fine

roots; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bw1—8 to 11 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

silt loam; common fine distinct light brownish gray

(10YR 6/2) and few fine distinct strong brown

(7.5YR 5/6) mottles; weak fine and medium

subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots;

common fine vesicular and few fine tubular pores;

strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

Bw2—11 to 21 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) silt loam;

many medium distinct light brownish gray (10YR

6/2) and common medium distinct dark brown

(7.5YR 4/4) mottles; weak fine and medium

subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine

and few medium vesicular pores; strongly acid;

clear wavy boundary.

Cg1—21 to 35 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2)

silt loam; common coarse distinct brown (10YR

5/3), common medium distinct dark brown (7.5YR

3/4), and few medium strong brown (7.5YR 5/6)

mottles; massive; friable; common fine and few

large vesicular pores; strongly acid; clear wavy

boundary.

Cg2—35 to 42 inches; gray (10YR 6/1) silt loam;

common medium distinct brown (10YR 5/3) and

common fine prominent yellowish red (5YR 4/6)

mottles; massive; friable; strongly acid; clear wavy

boundary.

Cg3—42 to 46 inches; gray (10YR 6/1) silt loam;

common medium distinct brown (10YR 5/3) and

few medium distinct brown (7.5YR 5/6) mottles;

massive; friable; strongly acid; clear wavy

boundary.

Ab—46 to 50 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR

3/2) silt loam; common medium distinct strong

brown (7.5YR 4/6) and few medium distinct gray

(10YR 6/1) mottles; small (1

/8- to 1/4-inch wide)

bodies of very dark gray (7.5YR 3/0) organic

matter; massive; friable; strongly acid; clear wavy

boundary.

Cbg—50 to 72 inches; gray (10YR 6/1) silt loam;

common medium distinct brown (10YR 5/3), weak

medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6), and

common medium prominent reddish brown (5YR

4/3) mottles; massive; friable; moderately acid.

Thickness of the solum ranges from 20 to 38

inches. In unlined areas texture ranges from very

strongly acid to slightly acid throughout. Some pedons

have buried horizons.

The Ap horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 3

to 5, and chroma of 2 to 4. Texture is silt loam or very

fine sandy loam. Structure is weak to strong, fine or

medium granular.
260 Soil Survey

The Bw horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4

to 6, and chroma of 3 to 6. Texture is silt loam or very

fine sandy loam. Structure is weak or moderate, fine or

medium granular or subangular blocky.

The BC horizon, where it occurs, has hue of 2.5Y or

5Y, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 3 to 6. Texture is silt

loam or very fine sandy loam. Structure is weak fine or

medium granular.

The C horizon has hue of 10YR to 5Y, value of 4 to

6, and chroma of 1 to 4. Texture is silt loam, very fine

sandy loam, or loamy very fine sand. In some pedons

below a depth of 40 inches strata ranges from silt loam

to fine gravel. The C horizon, depending on texture, is

massive or single grain.

The C horizon in the typical pedon is outside the

range for this series. The Official Series Description

allows 2.5Y or 5Y in the BC and C horizons, a high

value of 5, and a low chroma of 2, but a low chroma of

3 in the BC horizon. However, pedons sampled in St.

Lawrence County are consistently 10YR in the C

horizon, and the typical pedon has value of 6 and

chroma of 1.

Coveytown Series

The Coveytown series consists of very deep,

somewhat poorly drained soils formed in sandy

materials that overlie loamy glacial till. These soils are

on broad, wave-washed till plains and at the margins

of lake and marine plains. Slopes range from 0 to 6

percent.

Coveytown soils are in a drainage sequence with

well drained Trout River soils, moderately well drained

Fahey soils, and very poorly drained and poorly

drained Cook soils. They are near Hailesboro, Malone,

Naumburg, and Stockholm soils. Coveytown soils have

a coarser texture than that of Hailesboro and Malone

soils. Unlike Naumburg soils, Coveytown soils have a

loamy till substratum above a depth of 40 inches.

Unlike Coveytown soils, Stockholm soils have a clayey

substratum.

Typical pedon of Coveytown loamy fine sand, in the

town of Stockholm, 300 feet southwest of junction of

Curtis Road and old New York Route 11B:

Oi—0 to 1 inch; slightly decomposed forest litter.

A—1 to 5 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) loamy fine

sand; weak medium granular structure; very

friable; many fine roots; 10 percent rock

fragments; strongly acid; abrupt irregular

boundary.

Bw1—5 to 11 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) gravelly loamy

fine sand; common fine prominent reddish brown

(5YR 4/4) and common medium faint dark grayish

brown (10YR 4/2) mottles; single grain; loose; few

fine roots; 20 percent rock fragments (gravels and

cobbles); strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

Bw2—11 to 20 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) gravelly

loamy fine sand; many coarse faint grayish brown

(10YR 5/2) and common medium distinct dark

brown (7.5YR 4/4) mottles; single grain; loose; few

fine roots; 25 percent rock fragments (gravels and

cobbles); moderately acid; abrupt smooth

boundary.

BC—20 to 38 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) gravelly loamy

sand; common fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR

5/3) and few medium faint dark grayish brown

(10YR 4/2) mottles; single grain; loose; 20 percent

rock fragments (cobbles and gravels); moderately

acid; clear wavy boundary.

2C—38 to 72 inches; brown (40 percent 10YR 5/3)

and yellowish brown (30 percent 10YR 5/4 and 30

percent 10YR 5/6) gravelly sandy loam; massive;

firm; 30 percent rock fragments (20 percent

cobbles and gravel, 10 percent large stones);

neutral; slightly effervescent.

The thickness of the solum and depth to firm loamy

till range from 20 to 39 inches. Carbonates are at a

depth ranging from 30 to 60 inches. Rock fragments

range from 5 to 15 percent in the A horizon, 5 to 35

percent in the B and C horizons, and 25 to 35 percent

in the 2C horizon.

In undisturbed areas, the A horizon is black or very

dark gray. In pastured or plowed areas, the Ap horizon

is very dark brown to dark grayish brown. Texture

ranges from fine sandy loam to sand. Structure is

weak or moderate granular. Reaction ranges from

strongly acid to slightly acid.

The B horizon in the upper part has chroma of 3 or

4. Above a depth of 20 inches it has chroma of 2 or 1,

value of 4 or 5, and hue of 10YR to 2.5Y. Texture

ranges from loamy fine sand to sand. The horizon is

single grain. Reaction ranges from strongly acid to

neutral.

The 2C horizon is grayish brown, olive brown, or

olive gray. Texture ranges from loam to sandy loam. It

is massive or has weak platy structure. Reaction

ranges from slightly acid to moderately alkaline.

Crary Series

The Crary series consists of very deep, moderately

well drained soils on upland till plains. These soils

formed in a loamy mantle that consists mainly of

eolian silt and very fine sand over sandy glacial till

derived mainly from sandstone, gneiss, and granite.

Slopes range from 0 to 15 percent, but are mainly 1 to

8 percent.

Crary soils are in a drainage sequence with well
St. Lawrence County, New York 261

drained Potsdam soils and somewhat poorly drained

and poorly drained Adirondack soils. They are near

Tunbridge, Lyman, Berkshire, and Sunapee soils.

Tunbridge soils have bedrock at a depth of 20 to 40

inches, and Lyman soils have bedrock at a depth of 10

to 20 inches. Unlike well drained Berkshire soils and

moderately well drained Sunapee soils, both of which

derived from glacial till, Crary soils have a firm and

dense substratum.

Typical pedon of Crary silt loam, 3 to 8 percent

slopes, in the town of Russell, 1.5 miles south of

Palmerville, 50 feet east of Blanchard Hill Road, 300

feet north of barn foundation, on about the 910-foot

contour:

Ap—0 to 8 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) silt loam;

weak fine and very fine granular structure; very

friable; many roots; 1 percent rock fragments;

strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

Bs1—8 to 14 inches; dark brown (7.5YR 4/4) silt loam;

very weak, very fine granular structure; very

friable; many fine roots; 1 percent rock fragments;

strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.

Bs2—14 to 20 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

very fine sandy loam high in coarse silt; many fine

faint dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) and distinct

grayish brown (10YR 5/2) mottles; very weak, very

fine granular structure; friable; few fine roots; 5

percent rock fragments; strongly acid; abrupt wavy

boundary.

E—20 to 24 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) very

fine sandy loam; common medium distinct

yellowish brown (10YR 5/4 and 10YR 5/6) mottles;

weak thin platy structure; firm; few fine roots; 10

percent rock fragments; strongly acid; abrupt wavy

boundary.

2Cd1—24 to 36 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) stony fine

sandy loam; few coarse distinct strong brown

(7.5YR 5/6) mottles; structureless, massive within

very coarse prisms 2 to 3 feet across; very firm;

brittle; 25 percent rock fragments; strongly acid;

diffuse boundary.

2Cd2—36 to 50 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/2) stony fine

sandy loam; structureless, massive; very firm;

slightly brittle; 30 percent rock fragments; strongly

acid; diffuse wavy boundary.

2Cd3—50 to 72 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/2) stony fine

sandy loam; moderate medium lens-like platy

structure; firm; 30 percent rock fragments; strongly

acid.

Depth to bedrock is more than 60 inches. Thickness

of the solum ranges from 16 to 37 inches. Thickness of

either the eolian or the fluvial (water-sorted) mantle

ranges from 16 to 40 inches. Rock fragments,

including gravel, cobbles, and stones, range from 0 to

15 percent in the surficial mantle and from 10 to 35

percent in the underlying, dense glacial till.

In uncleared areas pedons have an O horizon as

much as 4 inches thick and an A horizon as much as 5

inches thick.

The Ap horizon has hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of

3 to 5, and chroma of 2 to 4. Texture is silt loam, very

fine sandy loam, or fine sandy loam. Reaction ranges

from moderately acid to very strongly acid.

The Bs horizon has hue of 5YR to 10YR, value of 4

to 6, and chroma of 3 to 6. Texture is silt loam, very

fine sandy loam, or loam. Structure is granular or

subangular blocky.

Some pedons have a darker Bh or Bhs horizon

above the Bs horizon.

The E horizon has hue of 5YR to 10YR, value of 4

to 7, and chroma of 2 or 3. Texture is silt loam, very

fine sandy loam, or loam. Consistence is friable or

firm. In uncleared areas the E horizon is as much as 5

inches thick.

Some pedons have a BC or a 2BC horizon, and a

thin, friable or firm 2E horizon just above the Cd

horizon.

The 2Cd horizon has hue of 5YR to 2.5Y, value of 3

to 5, and chroma of 2 to 4. Texture of the fine-earth

fraction is fine sandy loam, loam, or sandy loam.

Some pedons have lenses of loamy sand or loamy

fine sand. Structure is weak prismatic, or platy, or the

horizon is massive. Consistence is firm or very firm.

Reaction ranges from strongly acid to slightly alkaline.

Some pedons have a thin C horizon just above the

2Cd horizon.

Croghan Series

The Croghan series consists of very deep,

moderately well drained soils on sand plains. These

soils formed in sandy, deltaic or lakeshore deposits

of Pleistocene age. Slopes range from 0 to 8

percent.

Croghan soils are in a drainage sequence with

somewhat excessively drained to excessively drained

Adams soils, somewhat poorly drained and poorly

drained Naumburg soils, and very poorly drained

Searsport soils. They are also near Colton, Fahey,

Flackville, Hogansburg, and Kalurah soils. Croghan

soils are less gravelly than Colton and Fahey soils.

Unlike Croghan soils, Flackville soils have a clay

substratum. Croghan soils are sandier than

Hogansburg and Kalurah soils.

Typical pedon of Croghan sand, 0 to 8 percent

slopes, in the town of Louisville, 80 feet north, 36

degrees east of the dirt access road to Wilson Hill
262 Soil Survey

Wildlife Management Area, 520 feet northwest from

junction of New York Route 37, in an abandoned

field:

Ap—0 to 7 inches; dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) sand; very

weak fine and medium subangular blocky

structure; very friable; many fine and common

medium roots; matrix of 50 percent stripped sand

grains; very strongly acid; abrupt smooth

boundary.

E—7 to 10 inches; pinkish gray (7.5YR 6/2) sand;

single grain; very friable; common fine roots; very

strongly acid; abrupt broken boundary.

Bh—10 to 12 inches; dark reddish brown (5YR 3/2 and

5YR 3/3) sand; very weak medium subangular

blocky structure; 75 percent very friable, 25

percent firm; common fine roots; very strongly

acid; abrupt broken boundary.

Bs1—12 to 20 inches; red (2.5YR 4/8) fine sand and

20 percent reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/8) coarse,

contorted bodies; massive; friable; few, medium,

firm red (2.5YR 4/8) nodules; common fine roots;

strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

Bs2—20 to 33 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) fine

sand; few fine and many medium, distinct, brown

(7.5YR 5/2) and pinkish gray (7.5YR 6/2) and

common fine distinct brown (7.5YR 5/4) mottles;

weak coarse subangular blocky structure; friable;

20 to 45 percent firm and very firm dark reddish

brown (5YR 3/4) parts; few fine roots; few

discontinuous areas of stripped sand grains in the

upper part; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

BC—33 to 44 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/2 and 7.5YR

4/4) fine sand; common medium distinct yellowish

brown (10YR 5/4) and pale brown (10YR 6/3)

mottles; massive; firm; few fine roots; strongly acid;

clear wavy boundary.

C—44 to 72 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) fine sand;

common fine distinct reddish brown (5YR 4/3) and

light gray (10YR 7/1) mottles; single grain; loose;

strongly acid.

The thickness of the solum ranges from 20 to 60

inches. Depth to bedrock is 60 inches or more. Most

pedons are free of rock fragments; some pedons are,

by volume, as much as 5 percent gravel in the A

horizon and as much as 15 percent gravel in the B and

C horizons.

The Ap horizon has hue of 7.5YR to 10YR, or it is

neutral; value is 3 to 5 and chroma is 2 or 3. Texture

ranges from loamy fine sand to sand. Reaction ranges

from very strongly acid to moderately acid. Some

pedons have a thin A horizon that is a slightly darker

than the Ap horizon.

The O horizon, where it occurs, is 1 to 6 inches

thick. It has hue of 5YR to 10YR or it is neutral; value

is 2 or 3 and chroma is 1 or 2.

The E horizon is 1 to 6 inches thick. It has hue of

5YR to 10YR, value of 5 to 7, and chroma of 1 or 2.

The Bh or Bhs horizon, where it occurs, is 1 to 3

inches thick. It has hue to 2.5YR to 7.5YR, value of 2

or 3, and chroma of 1 to 4.

The Bs horizon has hue of 2.5YR to 10YR, value of

4 to 6, and chroma of 4 to 8. The Bs horizon is mottled

at a depth ranging from 12 to 20 inches. Texture

ranges from loamy fine sand to sand. Reaction ranges

from very strongly acid to moderately acid.

The BC horizon has hue of 5YR to 2.5YR, value of

4 to 6, and chroma of 2 to 6. Texture is loamy fine sand

to sand. Reaction ranges from very strongly acid to

moderately acid.

The C horizon has hue of 7.5YR to 5Y, value of 4 to

7, and chroma of 2 to 6. Texture is loamy sand, fine

sand, sand, or coarse sand. In some pedons thin

strata of very fine sandy loam, fine sandy loam, and

loamy fine sand are below a depth of 40 inches.

Reaction ranges from very strongly acid to moderately

acid.

Dawson Series

Dawson series consists of very deep, very poorly

drained soils formed in organic material 16 to 50

inches thick overlying sandy deposits. These soils are

in depressions within outwash plains, moraines, and

bedrock-controlled uplands. In places Dawson soils

are on flood plains. Slopes range from 0 to 2

percent.

Dawson soils are near Loxley soils, which are more

than 51 inches deep over mineral material. They are

also near Adams, Colton, Duxbury, Searsport, and

Tughill soils. Unlike Dawson soils, Adams, Colton,

Duxbury, Searsport, and Tughill soils have mineral soil

material above a depth of 16 inches.

Typical pedon of Dawson peat, in the town of

Colton, 7,300 feet north, 15 degrees east of the outlet

for Ormsbee Pond; in sphagnum bog:

Oi—0 to 5 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) broken

face, light gray (10YR 7/1) pressed, very pale

brown (10YR 7/3) rubbed, fibric material (peat);

about 95 percent fibers, 90 percent rubbed;

massive; nonsticky; primarily sphagnum fibers and

live roots; extremely acid (pH 3.5 in water); abrupt

smooth boundary.

Oa—5 to 30 inches; black (10YR 2/1) broken face and

rubbed sapric material (muck); about 25 percent

fibers, 10 percent rubbed; massive; very friable;

mostly herbaceous fibers, few partly decomposed
St. Lawrence County, New York 263

wood stems; extremely acid (pH 3.5 in water);

abrupt smooth boundary.

C—30 to 72 inches; gray (N5/ ); loamy sand; massive;

very friable; slightly acid.

The mineral horizon is at a depth of 16 to 50 inches.

In some pedons it is a single layer 12 inches or more

thick and has organic material above and below it. In

the organic part of the control section pH is less than

4.5 in 0.01M CaCl2 solution.

The surface tier has hue of 10YR, 7.5YR, or 5YR;

value is 2 to 6 and chroma is 1 to 6. It consists mainly

of sphagnum mosses. In most pedons, in the upper 1

to 4 inches it is fibric (peat) that has a high proportion

of living sphagnum. In some pedons the surface tier is

sapric (muck) or hemic (mucky peat) materials.

The subsurface tier has hue of 10YR, 7.5YR, or

5YR; value is 2 to 6 and chroma is 1 to 3. It consists

mainly of sapric (muck), but in some pedons it has

layers of fibric material (peat) totaling less than 5

inches thick and hemic material (mucky peat) totaling

less than 10 inches thick. Typically, the horizon is

massive, but in some pedons structure is weak, very

coarse platy or blocky.

In some pedons an A horizon is just below the

organic material. It has hue of 10YR, 7.5YR, or 2.5Y;

value is 3 or 4 and chroma is 1 to 3. Texture is loam or

silt loam.

The 2C horizon has hue of 2.5YR, 5YR, 7.5YR,

10YR, or 2.5Y; value is 3 to 6 and chroma is 0 to 6.

Texture is sand, fine sand, very fine sand, loamy fine

sand, gravelly sand, or very gravelly sand. Reaction

ranges from very strongly acid to slightly acid.

Deford Series

The Deford series consists of very deep, poorly

drained and very poorly drained soils formed in sandy

glaciofluvial materials on outwash plains, lake plains,

and deltas. These are nearly level soils in low-lying

areas. Slopes range from 0 to 2 percent, but are

dominantly 0 to 1 percent.

Deford soils are associated with and have more

sand and less silt than moderately well drained

Eelweir soils and somewhat poorly drained Mino soils.

They are also associated with Croghan, Dorval,

Flackville, Munuscong, Naumburg, Stockholm,

Swanton, and Waddington soils. Unlike Deford soils,

Croghan and Naumburg soils have a spodic horizon;

Dorval soils have an organic subsoil horizon; and

Flackville, Munuscong, Swanton, and Stockholm soils

have a clayey substratum. Deford soils have fewer

rock fragments within the control section than

Waddington soils have there.

Typical pedon of Deford loamy fine sand, in the

town of Waddington; 2,400 feet south of New York

Route 37, 2,300 feet east of Brandy Brook, 75 feet

west of trail; in a nearly level forest:

Ap—0 to 8 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

loamy fine sand, very dark gray (10YR 3/1)

crushed, and many gray washed sand grains, light

gray (10YR 6/1) to light brownish gray (10YR 6/2)

dry; weak fine granular structure; very friable;

many fine and many coarse roots; moderately acid

(pH 5.6); abrupt wavy boundary.

Bg1—8 to 14 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) loamy fine sand;

common coarse prominent yellowish red (5YR

5/6) and common medium distinct light gray

(10YR 7/2) mottles; weak medium subangular

blocky structure; very friable; few fine and medium

roots; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary.

Bg2—14 to 20 inches; brownish gray (10YR5/2) loamy

fine sand; many coarse prominent brown (7.5YR

5/6) and gray (10YR 6/1) mottles; weak fine and

medium platy structure; very friable; few fine and

medium roots; common fine, common medium,

and few coarse pores; slightly acid; clear wavy

boundary.

Bg3—20 to 24 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2)

loamy fine sand; common medium prominent

yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and common fine and

medium distinct light gray (10YR 7/2) mottles;

weak medium subangular blocky structure; very

friable; few fine and medium roots; common fine,

few medium, and few coarse pores; neutral; clear

wavy boundary.

C1—24 to 31 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

loamy fine sand; few medium prominent yellowish

red (5YR 5/6) and common medium distinct

grayish brown (10YR 5/2) mottles; single grain;

very friable; few fine and medium roots; common

fine, few medium, few coarse pores; neutral; clear

wavy boundary.

C2—31 to 72 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) fine sand; few

medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) and

dark brown to brown (7.5YR 4/4) mottles; single

grain; loose; slightly alkaline; slightly

effervescent.

Reaction to a depth of about 25 inches ranges from

moderately acid to slightly alkaline. Below a depth of

25 inches the soils are commonly calcareous and

reaction is slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline;

however, noncalcareous, neutral soils are within the

range of the series.

The A horizon has hue of 10YR, 7.5YR, or 5YR;

value is 2 or 3 and chroma is 0 to 2. Texture is fine

sand, loamy fine sand, mucky fine sand, or mucky
264 Soil Survey

loamy fine sand. In some pedons a thin organic layer

overlies the A horizon.

Some pedons do not have a Bg horizon or have a

BCg horizon that has weak structure above the C

horizon.

The C horizon has hue of 5Y, 2.5Y, 10YR, 7.5YR, or

5YR; value is 5 to 7 and chroma is 1 to 4. The texture

and thickness of the strata varies within the 10- to 40-

inch control section. Fine sand, very fine sand, and

loamy fine sand are most common, but thin layers of

sand, loamy sand, or silt in the control section are

within the range of the series. Consistence is very

friable or loose.

Depeyster Series

The Depeyster series consists of very deep,

moderately well drained soils formed in lacustrine

sediments. These soils are on broad flats or are

intermingled with glacial drift deposits or bedrockcontrolled landforms on uplands. Slopes range from 0

to 45 percent.

Depeyster soils are in a drainage sequence with

somewhat poorly drained Hailesboro soils and poorly

drained and very poorly drained Wegatchie soils. They

are also associated with Summerville, Nehasne,

Kalurah, Hogansburg, Heuvelton, and Nicholville soils.

Depeyster soils are finer textured and deeper to

bedrock than Summerville and Nehasne soils. They

are finer textured and have fewer rock fragments than

Kalurah and Hogansburg soils.

Depeyster soils have more clay than Nicholville

soils and have less clay than Heuvelton soils.

Typical pedon of Depeyster silt loam, 2 to 6 percent

slopes, in the town of Morristown, 324 feet south of

point on Oak Point Road 600 feet east of junction of

Watson Road:

Ap—0 to 10 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt

loam; weak fine, medium and coarse subangular

blocky structure; friable; common fine and medium

roots; moderately acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

Bt1—10 to 20 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) silt loam;

common fine faint yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

mottles and few fine faint grayish brown (10YR

5/2) mottles; moderate fine and medium

subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine

and medium roots; many fine vesicular pores and

common fine and medium tubular pores; few

macropores; few distinct clay films on faces of

peds and in pores; dark brown (10 YR 4/3) faces

of peds; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary.

Bt2—20 to 27 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) silt loam; few

fine faint olive gray (5Y 5/2) mottles and common

fine faint yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) mottles;

moderate fine and medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; few fine and medium roots;

common fine and medium vesicular pores and

common fine tubular pores; few macropores; many

distinct clay films on faces of peds and in pores;

dark brown (10YR 4/3) and reddish brown (5YR

4/3) faces of peds; slightly acid; clear smooth

boundary.

CB—27 to 39 inches; alternate varves, about 10 mm

thick, of light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) very fine sand,

strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) very fine sandy loam,

and dark reddish gray (5YR 4/2) silty clay loam;

weak moderate prismatic structure parting to

weak thin platy; firm; few fine and medium roots;

many very fine vesicular pores and common fine

medium tubular pores; common macropores; few

faint clay films in macropores; neutral; clear

irregular boundary.

C—39 to 72 inches; alternating bands (varves) and

discontinuous patches of yellowish brown (10YR

5/6) sandy loam, reddish gray (5YR 5/2) silty clay

loam, and grayish brown (2.5YR 5/2) very fine

sand; massive with a tendency to part along

varves; firm; few fine roots; many very fine and

fine vesicular pores and few fine tubular pores;

strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline.

Thickness of solum ranges from 24 to 45 inches.

Bedrock is deeper than 60 inches. Depth to

carbonates ranges from 25 to 72 inches. Rock

fragments range from 0 to 5 percent throughout.

The Ap horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of

3 to 5, and chroma of 2 or 3. Texture is fine sandy

loam, very fine sandy loam, or silt loam. It has weak or

moderate granular or subangular blocky structure.

Consistence is very friable or friable. Reaction is

strongly acid to neutral.

The E horizon, where it occurs, has hue of 5YR to

2.5YR, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 2 to 4. Texture is

fine sandy loam, very fine sandy loam, or silt loam.

Reaction is strongly acid to neutral.

The Bt horizon has hue of 7.5YR to 2.5Y, value of 4

or 5, and chroma of 3 or 4 above a depth of 30 inches

and chroma of 2 to 4 below a depth of 30 inches. It

has few to many low and high chroma mottles. In most

pedons texture is silt loam or silty clay loam, but the

range is fine sandy loam to silty clay. It is moderately

acid to neutral in the upper part and slightly acid to

slightly alkaline in the lower part.

The CB horizon has color, texture, and reaction that

are mixtures of the overlying Bt horizon and the

underlying C horizon. Some pedons do not have a CB

horizon.

The C horizon has hue of 10YR to 5YR, value of 4

or 5, and chroma of 2 to 8. Texture is silty clay loam to
St. Lawrence County, New York 265

stratified silt and very fine sand. In some pedons

loamy glacial till is at a depth of 3.5 to 6 feet. Reaction

is neutral to moderately alkaline.

Dorval Series

The Dorval series consists of very deep, very

poorly drained soils formed in organic materials that

are between 16 and 51 inches thick and that overlie

clayey mineral deposits. These soils are in

depressions within lacustrine or marine plains. Slopes

range from 0 to 2 percent.

Dorval soils are closely associated with Carbondale

soils, which are more than 51 inches deep over

mineral material. They are also associated with

Adjidaumo, Deford, Insula, Munuscong, Runeburg,

Summerville, and Swanton soils. Unlike Dorval soils,

Adjidaumo, Deford, Insula, Munuscong, Runeburg,

Summerville, and Swanton soils do not have mineral

soil material above a depth of 16 inches.

Typical pedon of Dorval muck, in the town of

Lisbon, 300 feet south of gravel pit, 1/2 mile east of

Five Mile Line Road, 1/2 mile south of Nelson Road:

Oa1—0 to 17 inches; black (N 2/0) broken face, very

dark gray (5YR 3/1) rubbed; sapric material

(muck); about 40 percent fibers, 10 percent

rubbed; moderate fine and medium granular

structure; very friable; woody and herbaceous

fibers; few fine and very fine roots; neutral; clear

wavy boundary.

Oa2—17 to 23 inches; very dark gray (5YR 3/1)

broken face, dark reddish brown (5YR 3/2) rubbed

sapric material (muck); about 50 percent fibers, 10

percent rubbed; massive; friable; woody and

herbaceous fibers; 2 percent woody fragments;

neutral; clear wavy boundary.

Oe—23 to 31 inches; dark brown (7.5 YR 3/2) broken

face; dark reddish brown (5 YR 3/2), rubbed,

hemic material (mucky peat); about 90 percent

fibers, 20 percent rubbed; massive; friable; woody

and herbaceous fibers; 2 percent woody

fragments; neutral; clear wavy boundary.

2Cg—31 to 72 inches; gray (5YR 5/1) silty clay;

massive; slightly sticky, slightly plastic; neutral.

The clayey C horizon is commonly at a depth of 24

to 42 inches and ranges between 16 and 50 inches.

In some pedons the material above the C horizon is

woody, herbaceous, or mixed. In many pedons

fragments of twigs, branches, or logs ranging from 1

/8

to 5 inches in diameter make up as much as 15

percent of the volume. The organic part of the control

section ranges from strongly acid to slightly alkaline

and lacks free carbonates. The substratum is mineral,

ranges from slightly acid to moderately alkaline, and

lacks free carbonates.

The surface tier has hue of 5YR to 10YR, value of 2

or 3, and chroma of 0 to 2, or it is neutral. Exclusive of

loose surface litter or mosses, it consists of sapric or

hemic material that has an unrubbed fiber content

ranging from 20 to 50 percent. The subsurface tier has

colors similar to those of the surface tier. It is

dominantly sapric material, but in many pedons it has

thin, hemic layers. The unrubbed fiber content ranges

from about 20 to 90 percent.

The C horizon has hue of 5Y to 5YR, value of 4 to

6, and chroma of 1 to 6. Texture is clay, silty clay, silty

clay loam, or clay loam. In some pedons it has thin

layers that are more sand or silt and less clay. In some

pedons rock fragments range, by volume, to 5 percent.

Duxbury Series

The Duxbury series consists of very deep, well

drained soils on outwash plains, eskers, kames, and

terraces. These soils formed in loamy materials

underlain by sandy and gravelly glaciofluvial deposits.

Slopes range from 0 to 35 percent.

Duxbury soils are closely associated with Adams,

Colton, and Croghan soils. They are not as sandy in

the solum as Adams soils. They are less gravelly and

sandy than Colton soils. They are less sandy in the

solum than Croghan soils; unlike Duxbury soils,

Croghan soils have mottling in the spodic horizon.

Typical pedon of Duxbury silt loam, 2 percent

slopes, in an area of the Colton-Duxbury complex, 2 to

8 percent slopes, in the town of Pitcairn, 100 feet east

of intersection of Cold Spring Forest Road and South

Edwards-East Pitcairn Road:

A— 0 to 7 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) silt loam;

weak fine granular structure; very friable; 5

percent rock fragments; very strongly acid; clear

smooth boundary.

Bs—7 to 14 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) silt

loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure;

friable; strongly acid; 5 percent rock fragments;

clear wavy boundary.

BC—14 to 24 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

gravelly loam; weak medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; strongly acid; 15 percent rock

fragments; clear irregular boundary.

2C—24 to 72 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

very gravelly coarse sand; single grain; loose; 40

percent rock fragments; strongly acid.

Thickness of the solum and depth to the 2C horizon

range from 16 to 30 inches. Depth to bedrock is more

than 60 inches. Rock fragments, mostly pebbles and
266 Soil Survey

cobbles, typically range, by volume, from 0 to 15

percent in the A horizon, 0 to 20 percent in the B

horizon, and 35 to 60 percent in the C horizon. In

some pedons subhorizons of the substratum are, by

volume, less than 15 percent rock fragments. Reaction

ranges from extremely acid to slightly acid in the upper

part of the solum and from very strongly acid to

slightly acid in the lower part of the solum and in the

substratum.

Some pedons have an A horizon that has hue of

5YR, 7.5YR, or 10YR; value is 2 or 3 and chroma is 1

to 4. Some pedons have an Ap horizon that has hue of

7.5YR or 10YR, value of 2 to 4, and chroma of 2 to 4.

The A or Ap horizon is fine sandy loam, very fine

sandy loam, or silt loam in the fine-earth fraction.

The E horizon, where it occurs, has hue of 7.5YR or

10YR, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 1 or 2. Texture is

fine sandy loam or very fine sandy loam in the fineearth fraction.

The Bh horizon, where it occurs, is neutral or has

hue of 2.5YR to 10YR. Typically, it has value of 2 or 3

and chroma of 0 to 2, but in some pedons it has higher

value and chroma.

The Bhs horizon, where it occurs, has hue of 2.5YR

to 10YR and value and chroma of about 3 or less. The

Bs horizon has hue of 5YR to 10YR and value and

chroma of 4 or more. Texture of the Bh, Bhs, and Bs

horizons is silt loam, loam, very fine sandy loam, or

fine sandy loam in the fine-earth fraction.

The BC horizon has hue of 7.5YR to 2.5Y, value of

3 to 5, and chroma of 3 to 6. Texture is silt loam, loam,

or fine sandy loam in the fine-earth fraction.

The 2C horizon has hue of 10YR to 5Y, value of 4

to 6, and chroma of 1 to 4. Texture is loamy sand,

sand, or coarse sand in the fine-earth fraction.

Eelweir Series

The Eelweir series consists of very deep,

moderately well drained soils formed in loamy, deltaic

or glaciofluvial sediments. These soils are on the edge

of lake plains and on stream terraces. Slopes range

from 0 to 8 percent.

Eelweir soils are in a drainage sequence with

somewhat poorly drained Mino soils. They are closely

associated with Croghan, Elmwood, Hogansburg,

Kalurah, Mino, and Nicholville soils. Eelweir soils are

finer textured than Croghan soils. Unlike Eelweir soils,

Elmwood soils do not have a clayey substratum above

a depth of 40 inches. Eelweir soils have fewer rock

fragments in the subsoil than Hogansburg and Kalurah

soils have. Eelweir soils are coarser textured than

Nicholville soils.

Typical pedon of Eelweir fine sandy loam, 2 to 8

percent slopes, in the town of Canton, 200 feet west of

Rice Road, 1.5 miles south of junction of U.S. Route

11:

Ap—0 to 10 inches; dark brown (10YR 4/3) fine sandy

loam; weak fine granular structure; very friable;

many fine and medium roots; common coarse

tubular pores; 1 percent rock fragments (gravel);

moderately acid; clear wavy boundary.

Bw1—10 to 17 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR

4/4) fine sandy loam; weak fine and medium and

subangular blocky structure; very friable; many

fine roots; few coarse tubular pores; moderately

acid; clear wavy boundary.

Bw2—17 to 24 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR

4/4) fine sandy loam; few fine faint dark grayish

brown (10YR 4/2) and few medium distinct grayish

brown (10 YR 5/2) mottles; weak medium and fine

subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine

roots; few coarse tubular pores; moderately acid;

clear wavy boundary.

Bw3—24 to 29 inches; dark yellowish brown (10 YR 4/

4) fine sandy loam; few fine faint dark grayish

brown (10YR 4/2) and common medium distinct

yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) mottles; weak fine and

medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few

fine roots; 1 percent rock fragments (gravel);

moderately acid; clear wavy boundary.

2CB—29 to 35 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) very fine

sandy loam; common medium faint dark yellowish

brown (10YR 4/4) mottles; weak medium and fine

angular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots;

moderately acid; abrupt irregular boundary.

3C1—35 to 39 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

loamy fine sand; common faint 1

/2-inch thick

brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) lamellae; massive;

friable; few fine roots; moderately acid; clear wavy

boundary.

3C2—39 to 72 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

sand; stratified, faint, yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

lamellae; weak thick platy structure; very friable;

moderately acid.

The thickness of the solum ranges from 25 to 40

inches. Depth to bedrock is more than 60 inches.

Rock fragments range from 0 to 5 percent

throughout and are mostly gravel. In some pedons free

carbonates are at a depth of 40 to 80 inches. Reaction

ranges from strongly acid to slightly acid in the surface

layer, from moderately acid to neutral in the subsoil,

and from moderately acid to slightly alkaline in the

substratum. The Ap horizon has hue of 10YR, value of

3 or 4, and chroma of 2 or 3. Texture is fine sandy

loam, very fine sandy loam, sandy loam, or loam.

The B horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of
St. Lawrence County, New York 267

3 to 5, and chroma of 3 to 6. Texture is very fine sandy

loam, fine sandy loam, sandy loam, or loam. In some

pedons the horizon has thin layers of loamy sand or

loamy fine sand.

The BC horizon, where it occurs, is up to 10 inches

thick.

The C horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4

to 6, and chroma of 2 to 4. Texture is very fine sandy

loam to sand, but below a depth of 60 inches the

range includes clay or silty clay.

Elmwood Series

The Elmwood series consists of very deep,

moderately well drained soils on ancient marine beds

or lake plains. These soils formed in a loamy mantle of

fine sand and silt overlying a substratum of lacustrine

or marine silts and clays. Slopes range from 0 to 8

percent.

Elmwood soils are in a drainage sequence with

somewhat poorly drained and poorly drained Swanton

soils and very poorly drained Munuscong soils. They

are also associated with Heuvelton, Muskellunge,

Depeyster, Hailesboro, Stockholm, Flackville, and

Eelweir soils. Like Elmwood soils, Heuvelton,

Muskellunge, Depeyster, and Hailesboro soils do not

lack a loamy mantle over the finer textured silts and

clays. The mantle in Elmwood soils is not as sandy as

that in Flackville and Stockholm soils. Unlike Eelweir

soils, Elmwood soils have a clayey substratum within a

depth of 40 inches.

Typical pedon of Elmwood fine sandy loam, 0 to 3

percent slopes, in the town of Oswegatchie, on Ron

Burns’ farm, 2,000 feet west of Black Lake Road, 1

mile south of junction with New York Route 37, in a

nearly level cornfield:

Ap—0 to 6 inches; brown (7.5RY 4/4) fine sandy loam;

weak fine and medium granular structure; very

friable; many fine common medium roots; slightly

acid; abrupt wavy boundary.

Bw1—6 to 9 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/4) or dark brown

(7.5YR 4/4) fine sandy loam; weak moderate

subangular blocky structure; very friable; common

fine and medium roots; few fine and medium

pores; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary.

Bw2—9 to 17 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) fine

sandy loam; single grain; very friable; many fine

and medium roots; slightly acid; clear wavy

boundary.

Bw3—17 to 22 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/4) fine sandy

loam; common coarse prominent yellowish red

(5YR 5/6) and reddish brown (5YR 4/4) and

common fine distinct pinkish gray (5YR 6/2)

mottles; weak medium subangular blocky

structure; very friable; few fine and medium roots;

few medium pores; slightly acid; clear wavy

boundary.

BC—22 to 25 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) fine

sandy loam; few fine prominent strong brown

(7.5YR 5/6) and pinkish gray (7.5YR 6/2) mottles;

single grain; massive in place; loose; few fine

roots; few fine pores; slightly acid; clear wavy

boundary.

2C—25 to 72 inches; dark brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay

and brown to yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) interiors;

common fine and medium distinct yellowish brown

(10YR 5/6), dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4), and

light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) mottles; moderate

medium and thick platy parting to moderate fine

blocky structure; firm; slightly sticky, slightly plastic

(wet); few fine roots; slightly alkaline; slightly

effervescent in the lower part.

Depth to underlying, fine textured material ranges

from 18 to 40 inches. The coarse loamy material is, by

volume, up to 3 percent rock fragments; the clayey

material does not have rock fragments. Reaction

ranges from very strongly acid to slightly acid above

the lithological discontinuity and from moderately acid

to slightly alkaline below. In some pedons thin horizons

of loamy sand or loamy fine sand are above the

lithological discontinuity.

The Ap or A1 horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR,

value of 3 or 4, and chroma of 2 to 4. Texture is very

fine sandy loam, fine sandy loam, sandy loam, or

loam. Structure is weak or moderate, fine granular.

Consistence is very friable or friable.

The B horizon has hue of 5YR to 2.5YR, value of 3

to 5, and chroma of 3 to 6. Texture is fine sandy loam,

sandy loam, or loam and includes thin layers of loamy

sand or loamy fine sand. Structure is weak or

moderate very fine or fine granular or subangular

blocky, or the horizon is massive. Consistence is very

friable or friable.

The E horizon, where it occurs, has hue of 2.5Y or

5Y, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 2 to 4. Texture is

sandy loam, fine sandy loam, very fine sandy loam, or

silt loam. Structure is weak, thin to thick platy in some

pedons parting to subangular blocky, or the horizon is

massive.

The 2B2 horizon, where it occurs, has hue of 2.5Y

or 5Y, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 2 to 4. Texture is

clay loam, silty clay loam, or silty clay. Structure is

weak or moderate, very fine to medium subangular

blocky.

The 2C horizon has hue of 2.5Y or 5Y, value of 4 to

6, and chroma of 2 or 3. Texture is silty clay loam, silty

clay, clay loam, or clay; in some pedons the horizon

has thin strata of sand to silt below a depth of 40
268 Soil Survey

inches. Structure is moderate medium to very thick

platy, or prismatic parting to blocky, or the horizon is

massive. In some pedons thin films of silt or clay are

on faces of peds. In some pedons manganese stains

are on faces of peds in the lower part of the horizon.

Fahey Series

The Fahey series consists of very deep, moderately

well drained soils on hills and ridges on till plains.

These soils formed in glacial till that wave action

has winnowed. Slopes range from 0 to 8

percent.

Fahey soils are in a drainage sequence with

excessively drained Trout River soils, somewhat poorly

drained Coveytown soils, and poorly drained and very

poorly drained Cook soils. In places they are

associated with Adams, Croghan, Kalurah, and

Pyrities soils. Fahey soils have more rock fragments

than these soils have and are also sandier than

Pyrities and Kalurah soils.

Typical pedon of Fahey loamy fine sand, in the town

of Parishville, 21 feet north of Old Parishville Road, 0.9

mile west of junction of Old Parishville Road and

Allens Falls Road:

Ap—0 to 7 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

loamy fine sand; moderate fine granular structure;

friable; many fine roots; many interstitial pores; 7

percent rock fragments (mostly gravel);

moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bsl—7 to 20 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) very gravelly

loamy fine sand; weak fine and medium

subangular structure parting to single grain;

friable; common fine and medium roots; many

interstitial pores; 40 percent rock fragments (30

percent gravel, 10 percent cobbles and stones);

moderately acid; gradual wavy boundary.

Bs2—20 to 27 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) very gravelly

loamy fine sand; common, fine and medium

distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) mottles; weak

fine and medium subangular blocky structure;

friable; common fine and medium roots; many

interstitial pores; 40 percent rock fragments (30

percent gravel, 10 percent cobbles and stones);

moderately acid; clear wavy boundary.

BC—27 to 31 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) very

gravelly loamy sand; many fine distinct dark

reddish brown (5YR 3/3), many fine faint dark

grayish brown (10YR 4/2), and few fine distinct

yellowish red (5YR 5/6) mottles; weak fine and

medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few

fine roots; common medium vesicular pores; 35

percent rock fragments (gravel); moderately acid;

clear wavy boundary.

C1—31 to 39 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

gravelly loamy sand; many medium faint light olive

brown (2.5Y 5/4), grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2), and

yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and few medium

distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) mottles; friable;

few coarse tubular and many fine vesicular pores;

30 percent rock fragments (25 percent gravel, 5

percent cobbles and stones); moderately acid;

clear wavy boundary.

C2—39 to 72 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/4)

very gravelly loamy sand; common medium

distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) mottles;

massive; friable; 40 percent rock fragments

(gravel); moderately acid.

Thickness of the solum ranges from 24 to 36

inches. Depth to loamy glacial till is more than 40

inches. Depth to bedrock is more than 60 inches. Rock

fragments (gravel, cobbles, and stones) range from 0

to 15 percent in the A horizon, from 20 to 50 percent in

the B horizon, and from 30 to 70 percent in the C

horizon. Rock fragments aggregate more than 35

percent at a depth of 10 to 40 inches. Organic matter

content is less than 2 percent in the upper 4 inches of

the Bs horizon.

In undisturbed areas pedons have an Oe or Oa

horizon 1 to 4 inches thick, a sand or loamy sand E

horizon 1 to 3 inches thick, and a Bh or a Bhs horizon

1 to 3 inches thick.

The Ap horizon has hue of 5YR to 10YR, value of 2

to 4, and chroma of 1 to 3. Texture is fine sandy loam

to loamy sand. Consistence is friable or very friable. In

unlimed areas reaction ranges from very strongly acid

to moderately acid.

The Bs horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of

4 to 6, and chroma of 3 to 6. Texture is loamy fine sand

to sand, typically becoming coarser with depth.

Structure is weak or very weak, granular or

subangular blocky, or the horizon is structureless.

Reaction ranges from moderately acid to neutral.

The BC horizon has hue of 7.5YR to 2.5Y, value of

3 to 6, and chroma of 3 to 5. Texture is loamy fine sand

to sand. Reaction ranges from moderately acid to

neutral.

The C horizon has hue of 10YR to 2.5Y, value of 3

to 6, and chroma of 2 or 4. Reaction ranges from

moderately acid to neutral, but below a depth of 40

inches it ranges to moderately alkaline.

Flackville Series

The Flackville series consists of very deep,

moderately well drained soils on ancient marine beds,

lake plains, and deltas. These soils formed in thin sand

deposits overlying a substratum of lacustrine or
St. Lawrence County, New York 269

marine silts and clays. Topography is smooth to gently

undulating. Most slopes are 0 to 5 percent, but the

range is 0 to 8 percent.

Flackville soils are in a drainage sequence with

poorly drained Stockholm soils. They are also

associated with Croghan, Adams, Heuvelton,

Muskellunge, Depeyster, Hailesboro, and Elmwood

soils. Croghan and Adams soils are where sand

deposits are more than 40 inches thick over

contrasting material. In Flackville soils the overlying

sandy layer is 18 to 40 inches deep, but where it is in

Heuvelton, Muskellunge, Depeyster, and Hailesboro

soils this layer is less than 18 inches thick. In Flackville

soils the sandy mantle is coarser textured than that in

Elmwood soils; like Flackville soils, Elmwood soils also

have a clayey substratum.

Typical pedon of Flackville loamy fine sand, 3 to 8

percent slopes, in the town of Canton, 200 feet west of

point on farm access road 400 feet south of point on

New York Route 68, 1.5 miles northwest of intersection

in the hamlet of Langdon Corners:

Ap—0 to 9 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

loamy fine sand, light brownish gray (10YR 3/2)

loamy fine sand, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2)

dry; weak fine and medium granular and fine

subangular blocky structure; very friable to loose;

common fine and very fine, few medium, mostly

dead roots; moderately acid; abrupt smooth

boundary.

Bhs—9 to 11 inches; variegated, 50 percent each,

dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) and reddish brown (5YR

4/4) loamy fine sand; common old worm and root

channels filled with Ap material; weak fine and

medium subangular blocky structure parting to

weak fine granular, and single grain; very friable to

loose; common very fine and fine, few medium

roots; common fine, few medium shallow irregular

pores; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary.

Bs1—11 to 19 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) loamy fine

sand; common medium prominent reddish brown

(5Y 4/4) mottles, mostly very weakly iron

cemented; common worm and old root channels

filled with Ap material; massive parting to very

weak fine and medium subangular blocky

structure; very friable to loose; few very fine and

fine roots; common medium and few fine shallow

vesicular pores; slightly acid; gradual wavy

boundary.

Bs2—19 to 27 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) fine sand;

common medium and coarse prominent reddish

brown (5YR 4/4), common medium distinct brown

(10YR 5/3), and few fine distinct grayish brown

(10YR 5/2) mottles; very weak medium and fine

subangular blocky structure parting to single grain;

very friable to loose; few very fine and fine roots,

mostly dead; common fine and medium shallow

pores between sand grains; neutral; gradual wavy

boundary.

BC—27 to 29 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) fine sand;

common medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR

5/3) fine sand; common medium distinct yellowish

brown (10YR 5/6) and common medium faint

grayish brown (10YR 5/2) mottles; very weak thin

and medium platy structure; slightly firm in place;

very friable to loose when removed; few very fine

and fine roots; few fine and medium shallow pores;

neutral; abrupt wavy boundary.

2C—29 to 72 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

varved silty clay and silty clay loam; common

medium distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) mottles;

weak medium and thick platy structure; firm;

slightly sticky and slightly plastic; neutral.

Thickness of the solum and depth to the underlying,

fine textured material ranges from 20 to 40 inches.

Depth to bedrock is greater than 60 inches. The soils

contain few or no rock fragments.

The A or Ap horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR,

value of 3 or 4, and chroma of 2 or 3. Texture is fine

sandy loam, loamy fine sand, or sand. Some pedons

have a darker O horizon. Reaction ranges from

strongly acid to slightly acid.

The Bh or Bhs horizon has hue of 5YR or 7.5YR,

chroma of 1 or 2, and value is 1 or 3, or it is neutral.

Texture is loamy fine sand to sand. Reaction ranges

from strongly acid to slightly acid.

The Bs horizon has hue of 2.5YR to 7.5YR, value of

4 to 6, and chroma of 3 to 6. Texture is loamy fine sand

to sand. Structure is weak or very weak blocky. Some

pedons have cemented areas that range from small

shot, or concretions, to a discontinuous ortstein layer

in one-half or less of each pedon. Reaction ranges

from strongly acid to neutral.

The IIC horizon has hue of 7.5YR to 2.5Y, value of

4 to 6, and chroma of 1 to 5. Texture is silty clay loam

to clay. The horizon is massive or has weak or

moderate, medium or thick platy structure resulting

from depositional varves. It generally has free

carbonates. Reaction ranges from neutral to

moderately alkaline.

Fluvaquents

Fluvaquents are very deep, somewhat poorly

drained to very poorly drained soils adjacent to

streams. These soils formed in recent alluvial deposits

on dynamic flood plains that in many places have

been cut and scoured and that have braided or

abandoned channels. They have little or no soil profile
270 Soil Survey

development, are subject to frequent flooding, and are

on slopes of 0 to 5 percent.

Fluvaquents are in soil complexes with components

of Dawson and Loxley soils, and Udifluvents, and in an

undifferentiated group with a component of

Borosaprists. They are commonly near Adams,

Adjidaumo, Lovewell, Pyrities, and Redwater soils.

Fluvaquents soils are lower on the landscape and are

wetter than Lovewell, Pyrities, and Adams soils on

uplands. Fluvaquents are generally on dynamic flood

plains that undergo active undercutting, scouring, and

detrimental deposition, and are more undifferentiated

in texture and in most other soil characteristics than

Adjidaumo and Redwater soils.

Fluvaquents have poorer drainage than Udifluvents

on higher parts of flood plains. Borosaprists formed in

organic deposits in marshes.

Fluvaquents vary in composition from place to

place; thus, a typical pedon is not given.

Depth to bedrock is generally more than 60 inches.

Rock fragments, including gravel, cobblestones, and

flagstones, range, by volume, from 0 to 80 percent.

Reaction is very strongly acid to slightly alkaline.

The A horizon has hue of 5YR to 5Y, value of 2 to 4,

and chroma of 0 or 1. Texture ranges from sand to silty

clay loam and their channery, gravelly, and very

gravelly analogs. It is 1 to 10 inches thick.

The C horizon has hue of 5YR to 5Y, value of 3 to

6, and chroma of 0 to 3. In most pedons it is mottled.

Texture ranges from sand to silty clay loam and their

gravelly, channery, cobbly, and very gravelly analogs.

Consistence is friable or loose.

Gouverneur Series

The Gouverneur series consists of very shallow,

excessively drained and somewhat excessively

drained soils on glacial till plains. These soils are

nearly level or gently sloping, moderately permeable

soils formed in a thin layer of glacial till or residuum

overlying limestone, dolomitic sandstone, or marble

bedrock. Slopes range from 0 to 8 percent.

Gouverneur soils are associated with competing

Summerville soils and also with Grenville,

Hogansburg, Nehasne, Ogdensburg, and Ruse soils.

Grenville and Hogansburg soils are very deep to

bedrock and are mainly on scattered, steplike side

slopes. Summerville soils and moderately deep

Nehasne soils have a cambic horizon. Shallow Ruse

soils and moderately deep Ogdensburg soils are in

shallow basins and have a mollic epipedon and an

aquic moisture regime.

Typical pedon of Gouverneur loam, in an area of

Summerville-Gouverneur complex, 0 to 8 percent

slopes, rocky, in the town of Morristown, 150 feet

south of point on Oak Point Road, 1,400 feet west of

junction of Old Mill Road:

Ap—0 to 7 inches; very dark gray (5YR 3/1) loam;

moderate fine and medium granular structure;

friable; many very fine and fine roots; 15 percent

rock fragments; slightly acid; abrupt smooth

boundary.

Bw—7 to 9 inches; dark brown (10YR3/3) fine sandy

loam; weak medium and coarse subangular blocky

structure; very friable; many very fine and fine

roots; 15 percent rock fragments; slightly acid;

abrupt smooth boundary.

R—9 inches; gray dolomitic sandstone bedrock.

Thickness of the solum and depth to bedrock range

from 1 to 9 inches. The content of rock fragments

ranges, by volume, from 3 to 20 percent. The soil

ranges from moderately acid to slightly alkaline.

The Ap horizon has hue of 5YR to 10YR, value of 3

or 4, and chroma of 1 to 3. Texture is silt loam to fine

sandy loam in the fine-earth fraction. Many pedons

have an A horizon in place of the Ap horizon.

The B horizon has hue of 5YR to 10YR, value of 3

to 5, and chroma of 2 to 6. In some pedons it has a

few, faint, high chroma mottles. Texture ranges from

silt loam to fine sandy loam in the fine-earth fraction.

Structure is weak or moderate granular or subangular

blocky. Consistence is friable or very friable.

Many pedons have a thin, saprolitic C or BC

horizon over bedrock, dominantly limestone, marble,

or dolomitic sandstone.

Grenville Series

The Grenville series consists of very deep, well

drained soils that formed in high-lime, loamy glacial till

on till plains on uplands. Slopes range from 3 to 25

percent.

Grenville soils are in a drainage sequence with

moderately well drained Hogansburg soils, somewhat

poorly drained Malone soils, and poorly drained or

very poorly drained Runeberg soils. Grenville soils are

also associated with Nehasne, Adams, Waddington,

Heuvelton, and Elmwood soils. Nehasne soils are 20

to 40 inches deep over limestone bedrock. Sandy

Adams soils and sandy, gravelly Waddington soils are

on adjacent areas of outwash or deltaic deposits.

Heuvelton and Elmwood soils are on nearby, lower

lying lake plains.

Typical pedon of Grenville fine sandy loam, 3 to 8

percent slopes, 72 feet north, 66 degrees east from

point on tractor trail 600 feet west on trail from junction

of County Road 108, 0.4 mile south on County Road
St. Lawrence County, New York 271

108 from Burnhams Corners, just over bridge; 44

degrees 42 minutes 03 seconds N., 75 degrees 05

minutes 00 seconds W.:

A—0 to 5 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

fine sandy loam; moderate fine and medium

granular structure; friable; many fine and few

medium roots; 5 percent rock fragments (gravel);

moderately acid; clear irregular boundary.

Bw1—5 to 15 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) fine

sandy loam; streaks of material from A horizon

following some vertical macropores; weak medium

and coarse subangular blocky structure; friable;

many very fine and common fine roots; many fine

vesicular and tubular pores and few medium

pores; 10 percent rock fragments (gravel);

moderately acid; clear wavy boundary.

Bw2—15 to 26 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) fine sandy

loam; common medium faint dark yellowish brown

(10YR 4/4) and few fine distinct yellowish brown

(10YR 5/6) mottles; very weak coarse prismatic

structure parting to moderate fine and medium

subangular blocky; friable; common fine roots;

common fine and medium tubular pores and many

fine vesicular pores; few faint clay films in pores

and on faces of peds; 10 percent rock fragments

(gravel); slightly acid; clear wavy boundary.

BC—26 to 37 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) and pale

brown (10YR 6/3) fine sandy loam; few common

medium distinct brown (7.5YR 4/4) and common

medium faint dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

mottles; very weak medium and coarse

subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine roots;

common fine and medium tubular pores; 12

percent rock fragments (10 percent gravel, 2

percent cobbles); neutral; gradual wavy boundary.

(0 to 15 inches thick)

C—37 to 72 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) sandy

loam and few small pockets of sand; few medium

faint yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) mottles; massive;

firm; common fine and medium tubular pores; 12

percent rock fragments (10 percent gravel, 2

percent cobbles); slightly effervescent; slightly

alkaline.

Thickness of the solum and depth to carbonates

range from 20 to 40 inches. Depth to bedrock is more

than 60 inches. Rock fragments, mainly gravel and

cobbles, range, by volume, from 5 to 15 percent in the

A horizon, 5 to 35 percent in the B horizon, and 15 to

40 percent in the C horizon.

The A horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 2 to 4, and

chroma of 2 or 3. Texture is silt loam, loam, or fine

sandy loam in the fine-earth fraction. Reaction ranges

from strongly acid to slightly acid.

The Bw horizon has hue of 5YR to 10YR, value of 3

to 5, and chroma of 3 to 6. Texture is fine sandy loam

or loam in the fine-earth fraction. Reaction ranges from

moderately acid to neutral. The BC horizon has hue of

7.5YR to 2.5Y, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 2 or 3.

Texture is fine sandy loam or loam in the fine-earth

fraction. Reaction is moderately acid to neutral.

The C horizon has hue of 7.5YR to 2.5Y, value of 3

to 5, and chroma of 2 or 3. Texture is sandy loam, fine

sandy loam, or loam in the fine-earth fraction.

Reaction is neutral or slightly alkaline.

Guff Series

The Guff series consists of moderately deep, poorly

drained soils on marine plains. These soils formed in

clayey marine sediments overlying bedrock. Slope

ranges from 0 to 3 percent.

Guff soils are in a drainage sequence with

somewhat poorly drained Matoon soils. They are also

associated with Adjidaumo, Muskellunge, Hannawa,

Ogdensburg, and Runeberg soils. Adjidaumo and

Muskellunge soils are deeper to bedrock than Guff

soils. On Hannawa and Ogdensburg soils coarser

material overlies bedrock. Runeberg soils are coarser

textured and deeper to bedrock than Guff soils.

Typical pedon of Guff silty clay loam, in the town of

Morristown, 300 feet east-northeast of a point on

Scotch Bush Road, 5,400 feet southeast of junction of

Scotch Bush Road and Center Road:

Ap—0 to 9 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silty clay

loam, gray (10YR 5/1) dry; moderate very fine and

fine granular structure; friable; many very fine and

fine and few medium roots; common very fine and

fine tubular pores; slightly acid; abrupt wavy

boundary.

Bg1—9 to 14 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) clay; many

medium distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

mottles; moderate coarse prismatic structure

parting to moderate fine and very fine subangular

blocky; firm, sticky, plastic; common very fine and

fine, and very few medium roots; common very

fine and fine tubular pores; few medium faint very

dark gray (10YR 3/1) organic stains on faces of

peds; neutral; clear wavy boundary.

Bg2—14 to 20 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) clay;

many medium and coarse distinct dark yellowish

brown (10YR 4/4) mottles; moderate coarse

prismatic structure parting to moderate fine and

very fine angular blocky; firm, sticky, plastic;

few very fine and fine roots; common fine and

very fine tubular pores; neutral; clear wavy

boundary.
272 Soil Survey

BCg—20 to 39 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silty

clay; common medium distinct dark gray (10YR

4/1) and dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) mottles;

weak coarse prismatic structure parting to weak

very fine angular blocky; firm, slightly sticky and

slightly plastic; common very fine and fine tubular

pores; slightly effervescent; few medium light

gray (10YR 7/1) calcium carbonate concretions in

the lower part; slightly alkaline; abrupt smooth

boundary.

R—39 inches; weathered limestone bedrock. A thin,

discontinuous layer of saprolite of grayish brown

(10YR 5/2) sandy loam overlies bedrock. About 20

percent of the volume is weathered rock

fragments.

The thickness of the solum ranges from 18 to 40

inches. Depth to carbonates commonly ranges from

18 to 40 inches; however, some pedons do not have

carbonates. Depth to bedrock ranges from 20 to 40

inches. Rock fragments, mainly gravel, range from 0 to

5 percent in the A and B horizons and from 0 to 20

percent in the C horizon.

The A horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y; value is 2

or 3, 4 or 5, dry, and chroma is 1 or 2. Texture is silty

clay loam, silty clay, silt loam, or clay. Reaction ranges

from moderately acid to neutral.

The Bg horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 3

to 5, and chroma of 1 or 2. Texture is silty clay loam,

silty clay, or clay. Reaction is neutral or slightly

alkaline.

The BCg and Cg horizons, where they occur, are

similar in color and texture to the Bg horizon except

they have free carbonates. They are slightly alkaline or

moderately alkaline. Some pedons have a thin IIC

horizon composed of nonconforming glacial till or

saprolite.

Hailesboro Series

The Hailesboro series consists of very deep,

somewhat poorly drained soils formed in silty

sediments in stillwater. These soils are on broad flats

or are intermingled with glacial drift deposits or

bedrock-controlled landforms on uplands. Slopes

range from 0 to 6 percent.

Hailesboro soils are in a drainage sequence with

moderately well drained Depeyster soils and poorly

drained and very poorly drained Wegatchie soils. They

are also associated with Roundabout, Muskellunge,

Swanton, Malone, Ogdensburg, and Hannawa soils.

Hailesboro soils are finer textured than Roundabout

soils and coarser textured than Muskellunge soils.

They are finer textured and have fewer rock fragments

than Malone, Ogdensburg, and Hannawa soils. They

are deeper to bedrock than Ogdensburg and Hannawa

soils.

Unlike Hailesboro soils, Swanton soils have a

mantle of fine sand and silt.

Typical pedon of Hailesboro silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes, in the town of Canton, 120 feet north of gate to

Cornell University Crop Climate Study Area, 1.9 miles

southwest of junction of New York Route 68 and

Langdon Corners-Brick Chapel Road:

Ap—0 to 7 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/1) silt

loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry;

moderate medium and fine granular structure;

friable; many fine roots; many fine pores; slightly

acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

BEg—7 to 11 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silt

loam; many (45 percent) medium distinct light

yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) mottles and few

medium distinct very dark grayish brown (10YR

3/2) mottles; moderate fine subangular blocky

structure; friable; common fine roots; many fine

pores; light gray (10YR 7/2) coatings on sand

grains; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

Btg—11 to 24 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silt

loam; many (45 percent) medium distinct yellowish

brown (10YR 5/6) mottles; moderate fine

subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine roots;

common fine pores; continuous distinct clay films

lining most pores, few thin clay films on ped

surfaces; slightly alkaline; clear smooth boundary.

BCg—24 to 37 inches; gray (10YR 5/2) silt loam;

common medium faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2)

and many medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR

5/6) mottles; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; firm; few fine roots; common fine pores;

few thin silt coats on faces of peds; slightly

alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.

BC—37 to 44 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) silt loam;

many coarse distinct gray (10YR 5/2) and few

medium faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2) mottles;

weak coarse subangular blocky structure; firm;

common fine pores; moderately alkaline; gradual

wavy boundary.

C—44 to 72 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) silt loam; many

coarse distinct gray (10YR 5/1) mottles; weak

medium plates parting on depositional planes;

firm; common fine pores; slightly effervescent;

moderately alkaline.

The thickness of the solum ranges from 22 to 45

inches. Depth to bedrock is greater than 60 inches.

Typically, depth to carbonates is 40 to 65 inches, but

the range is 30 to 80 inches. Rock fragments, mainly

gravel, range from 0 to 5 percent throughout.
St. Lawrence County, New York 273

The A or Ap horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value

of 3 or 4, and chroma of 1 to 3. Texture is very fine

sandy loam or silt loam. Reaction is moderately acid to

neutral.

The BEg horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of

5 or 6, and chroma of 1 or 2. It has faint to prominent

mottles. Texture is silt loam or very fine sandy loam.

Reaction is slightly acid to slightly alkaline.

The Bt horizon has hue of 10YR to 2.5Y, value of 4

or 5, and chroma of 1 or 2. It has faint to prominent

mottles. Texture is mainly silt loam or silty clay loam; in

some thin subhorizons it ranges to very fine sandy

loam. Reaction is slightly acid to slightly alkaline.

The BC horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4

or 5, and chroma of 1 to 3. It has faint to prominent

mottles. Texture is silt loam, silty clay loam, or very fine

sandy loam. Reaction is neutral to moderately alkaline.

The C horizon has hue of 7.5YR to 2.5Y, value of 4

to 6, and chroma of 2 or 3. In most pedons structure is

weak platy from depositional layering of the regolith. In

some pedons the horizon is massive. Reaction is

slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline.

Hannawa Series

The Hannawa series consists of shallow, poorly

drained soils on uplands. They formed in loamy,

calcareous glacial till. Slope ranges from 0 to 2

percent.

Hannawa soils are in a drainage sequence with

somewhat excessively drained or excessively drained

Summerville soils. They are also associated with Guff,

Matoon, Ogdensburg, Nehasne, Malone, and

Runeberg soils. Guff and Matoon soils are fine

textured and are moderately deep over bedrock.

Ogdensburg and Nehasne soils are moderately deep

over bedrock, and Nehasne soils are better drained

than Hannawa soils. Malone and Runeberg soils are

loamy and very deep.

Typical pedon of Hannawa loam, in the town of

Potsdam, 132 feet south, 22 degrees east of a point

on the north side of Hoadley Road, 0.6 mile northeast

of junction of Hadley Road and Baker Road:

Ap—0 to 8 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; few medium

distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) mottles; weak

medium granular structure; friable; many fine and

medium roots; 5 percent rock fragments (gravel);

neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.

Bw—8 to 14 inches; light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4)

fine sandy loam; common fine distinct brownish

yellow (10YR 6/8) and common coarse prominent

dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) mottles; moderate

medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few

fine and medium roots; many fine and medium,

and few coarse tubular pores; 12 percent rock

fragments (10 percent gravel, 2 percent cobbles

and large channers); neutral; clear smooth

boundary.

Bg—14 to 19 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) gravelly

fine sandy loam; many medium faint dark brown

(10YR 4/3) and brown (10YR 5/3) mottles and few

fine distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) mottles;

weak medium subangular blocky structure;

common medium and coarse tubular pores and

common fine and medium vesicular pores; 20

percent rock fragments (gravel); neutral; abrupt

smooth boundary.

R—19 inches; hard dolomitic limestone.

Thickness of the solum and depth to bedrock range

from 10 to 20 inches. Rock fragments, mostly gravel

size, range from 0 to 15 percent in the A horizon and

from 0 to 20 percent below.

The A horizon has hue of 10YR; value is 2 or 3, 5 or

less, dry, and chroma is 1 or 2. Texture is loam, silt

loam, fine sandy loam, or sandy loam in the fine-earth

fraction. Reaction is slightly acid or neutral.

The B horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 3

to 6, and chroma of 2 to 4. Texture is fine sandy loam,

loam, silt loam, or sandy loam in the fine-earth

fraction. Reaction is neutral or slightly alkaline.

Heuvelton Series

The Heuvelton series consists of very deep,

moderately well drained soils formed in clayey marine

and lacustrine sediments. These soils are gently

sloping to steep on marine beds, lake plains, and side

slopes of dissected ridges. Slopes range from 0 to 45

percent.

Heuvelton soils are in a drainage sequence with

somewhat poorly drained Muskellunge soils and

poorly drained and very poorly drained Adjidaumo

soils. They are also associated with Depeyster,

Hailesboro, Elmwood, Flackville, Insula, and

Summerville soils. Heuvelton soils are finer textured

than Depeyster and Hailesboro soils, which consist

mainly of silt, very fine sand, and lesser amounts of

clay. Unlike Heuvelton soils, Elmwood and Flackville

soils have a loamy or sandy mantle overlying clay.

Insula, Summerville, and Nehasne soils formed in

loamy glacial till and are less than 40 inches deep to

bedrock.

Typical pedon of Heuvelton silty clay loam, 2 to 6

percent slopes, in the town of Gouverneur, 80 feet

north-northwest of junction of U.S. Route 11 and farm

access road, 1 mile south of junction of Bristol Road

and U.S. Route 11:
274 Soil Survey

Ap—0 to 7 inches; dark brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay

loam; moderate very fine and fine granular and

moderate medium subangular blocky structure;

friable; many fine and few medium roots;

common fine vesicular and few fine and medium

tubular pores; moderately acid; abrupt smooth

boundary.

BE—7 to 11 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) silty clay;

common fine faint yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

mottles; moderate fine and medium angular blocky

structure; friable; many fine and few medium roots;

common fine vesicular and common fine and

medium tubular pores; few faint clay films in pores;

moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt—11 to 22 inches; dark brown (10YR 4/3) clay;

brown (10YR 5/3) faces of peds; many coarse

distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and few

medium faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2) mottles;

moderate fine and medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; common fine roots; many fine

vesicular and common fine and medium tubular

pores; common distinct clay films on faces of peds

and in pores; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary.

C1—22 to 40 inches; dark yellowish brown (7.5YR

4/4) silty clay loam; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

faces of peds; strong fine and medium platy

structure with some weak coarse prisms; firm; few

fine and medium roots; few fine and medium

vesicular and tubular pores, few macro pores;

neutral; clear irregular boundary.

C2—40 to 72 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) varved silty

clay loam and bands of very fine sandy loam; dark

brown (10YR 4/3) silt coats on faces of peds; few

fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) mottles;

moderate medium platy structure; firm; few fine

roots; few medium vesicular and few very fine and

fine tubular pores; strongly effervescent;

moderately alkaline.

Thickness of the solum ranges from 20 to 40

inches. Depth to carbonates ranges from 20 to 70

inches.

Rock fragments make up 0 to 15 percent of the

volume in the surface and subsurface horizons and

from 0 to 10 percent below. Reaction ranges from

strongly acid to neutral in the Ap, E, and BE horizons,

moderately acid to slightly alkaline in the Bt and BC

horizons, and neutral to moderately alkaline below.

The A horizon has hue of 7.5 YR to 2.5Y, value of 2

to 4, and chroma of 1 to 3. Texture is silt loam, silty

clay loam, or silty clay in the fine-earth fraction.

Structure is weak to strong, fine or medium granular,

or subangular blocky. Consistence is friable or very

friable.

The BA horizon is similar to the Bt horizon in color,

texture, and consistence, but it has different structure

and less translocated clay.

The E horizon, where it occurs, has hue of 7.5YR to

5Y, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 2 or 3. In some

pedons it has faint mottles. Texture is silt loam, very

fine sandy loam, or silty clay loam in the fine-earth

fraction. Structure is weak or moderate angular or

subangular blocky or platy. Consistence is very friable

to firm.

The B and E horizon, where it occurs, has color and

texture similar to those of the Bt and the E horizons. In

some pedons the horizon has few to many faint

mottles.

The Bt horizon has hue of 7.5YR to 5Y, value of 3 to

6, and chroma of 2 to 4. It has both low and high

chroma mottles. In pedons with matrix colors in

chroma of 2, the lithochromic color does not indicate

an aquic moisture regime. Texture is clay, silty clay, or

silty clay loam. Structure is moderate or strong,

medium or coarse angular or subangular blocky and,

in some pedons, coarse or very coarse prisms.

Consistence is friable, and firm or very firm.

Some pedons with thicker sola have a BC horizon

that has free carbonates and coarse or very coarse

prismatic structure.

The C horizon has hue of 5YR to 5Y, value of 3 to

5, and chroma of 1 to 4. In most pedons texture is clay

to silt loam and fine sand and very fine sand are in

varves. Structure is platy from varving or the horizon is

massive.

Hogansburg Series

The Hogansburg series consists of very deep,

moderately well drained soils on uplands. These soils

formed in loamy, calcareous glacial till. Slopes range

from 0 to 8 percent.

Hogansburg soils are in a drainage sequence with

well drained Grenville soils, somewhat poorly drained

Malone soils, and poorly drained and very poorly

drained Runeberg soils. They are also associated with

Elmwood, Heuvelton, Nehasne, and Waddington soils.

Hogansburg soils have more rock fragments in the

solum and have a coarser texture in the substratum

than Elmwood and Heuvelton soils have. Hogansburg

soils have fewer rock fragments in the solum than

Waddington soils have.

Typical pedon of Hogansburg fine sandy loam, 0 to

3 percent slopes, in the town of Potsdam, in a meadow

138 feet north, 70 degrees west from a point on Baker

Road 0.6 mile north along road from junction with

Hoadley Road:

Ap—0 to 10 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR

3/2) fine sandy loam, brownish gray (10YR 6/2)
St. Lawrence County, New York 275

dry; weak, fine and medium granular structure;

friable; many fine and few medium roots; common

fine and medium tubular pores; 3 percent rock

fragments less than 10 inches in diameter; slightly

acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bw1—10 to 15 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) loam; weak

fine and medium subangular blocky structure;

friable; common fine and medium roots; common

fine and medium tubular and vesicular pores; 5

percent rock fragments less than 10 inches in

diameter; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

Bw2—15 to 25 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) fine sandy

loam; many (25 percent) medium distinct light

yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4) and dark yellowish

brown (10YR 4/4) mottles and few medium faint

grayish brown (10YR 5/2) and light brownish gray

(10YR 6/2) mottles; weak very fine, fine and

medium subangular blocky structure; friable;

common fine roots; common fine and medium

tubular and vesicular pores; 12 percent rock

fragments less than 10 inches; few faint clay films

on faces of peds; slightly alkaline; clear irregular

boundary.

C1—25 to 38 inches; light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4)

gravelly fine sandy loam; few fine distinct yellowish

red (5YR 5/6) and few medium faint light brownish

gray (10YR 6/2) mottles; weak fine platy structure;

firm; few fine roots; common very fine and fine

vesicular pores; 24 percent rock fragments, 3

percent greater than 3 inches; slight

effervescence; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy

boundary.

C2—38 to 72 inches; light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4)

gravelly fine sandy loam; few fine and medium

strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) mottles; moderate fine

platy structure; very firm; few fine and medium

vesicular pores; 20 percent rock fragments; 5

percent greater than 3 inches; slight

effervescence; moderately alkaline.

Thickness of the solum ranges from 15 to 33

inches. Depth to carbonates ranges from 13 to 33

inches. Rock fragments range, by volume, from 3 to 15

percent in the A horizon, 5 to 35 percent in the B

horizon, and 15 to 35 percent in the C horizon.

The Ap horizon has hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of

3 or 4, and chroma of 2 or 3. Texture ranges from fine

sandy loam to silt loam in the fine-earth fraction. It has

fine or medium granular structure. Reaction ranges

from strongly acid to neutral. In undisturbed areas

pedons have an A horizon that is up to 5 inches thick

and that has hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 2 or 3,

and chroma of 2.

The B horizon has hue of 5YR to 2.5Y, value of 4 or

5, and chroma of 3 or 4. Texture ranges from fine

sandy loam to silt loam in the fine-earth fraction. It has

very weak to moderate, fine or medium subangular

blocky structure. Reaction is strongly acid to slightly

alkaline.

The C horizon has hue of 10YR to 5Y, value of 4 to

6, and chroma of 2 to 4. Texture is fine sandy loam or

loam in the fine-earth fraction. The horizon is

calcareous, and is massive or has platy structure.

Reaction is neutral to moderately alkaline.

Insula Series

The Insula series consists of shallow, well drained

soils that formed in 10 to 20 inches of loamy glacial till.

These soils are on bedrock-controlled uplands and on

benches and ridges on marine and lake plains. Slopes

range from 0 to 35 percent.

Insula soils are associated with Adjidaumo,

Muskellunge, Nehasne, Quetico, and Summerville

soils. They have a coarser texture and are shallower to

bedrock than Adjidaumo and Muskellunge soils. Insula

soils are shallower than Nahasne soils and deeper

than Quetico soils. Typically, Insula soils overlie granite

or other acidic bedrock, and Summerville soils overlie

limestone, marble, or related, nonacid bedrock.

Typical pedon of Insula gravelly fine sandy loam, in

an area of Quetico-Rock outcrop-Insula complex, 0 to

8 percent slopes, in the town of Hammond, 200 feet

northwest of New York Route 12, in Duck Cove:

Oi—0 to 1 inch; slightly decomposed leaf litter.

Oa—1 to 3 inches; black (7.5YR 2/1) highly

decomposed organic material with fine sand; very

friable; many very fine, fine, and medium and

common coarse roots; very strongly acid; abrupt

wavy boundary.

Bw1—3 to 11 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) gravelly fine

sandy loam; weak fine and very fine subangular

blocky structure; very friable; many very fine, fine,

and medium and common coarse roots; few very

fine and fine pores; 20 percent rock fragments;

strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.

Bw2—11 to 16 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) gravelly fine

sandy loam; moderate fine and very fine

subangular blocky structure; very friable; many

very fine and fine, common medium, and few

coarse roots; few very fine and fine pores; 30

percent rock fragments; strongly acid; abrupt wavy

boundary.

R—16 inches; pink granitic bedrock.

Thickness of the solum and depth to bedrock range

from 10 to 20 inches. Rock fragments range, by

volume, from 15 to 35 percent in the solum and to 45

percent in subhorizons of some pedons. Typically,
276 Soil Survey

gravel-size rock fragments are dominant, but cobbleand boulder-size fragments are significant. Stones and

boulders within and on the soils range from 0 to 3

percent. The solum ranges from very strongly acid to

slightly acid.

The A horizon, where it occurs, is 1 to 3 inches

thick. It has hue of 10YR or 7.5YR and value and

chroma of 2 or 3. Typically, texture in the fine-earth

fraction is sandy loam or fine sandy loam, but in some

pedons it is coarse sandy loam, loam, and silt loam.

The E horizon, where it occurs, has hue of 10YR or

7.5YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 1 or 2. Typically,

texture is sandy loam or fine sandy loam in the fineearth fraction, but in some pedons it is coarse sandy

loam, loam, and silt loam.

Some pedons have a thin Bs horizon that has

textures similar to those as the Bw horizon.

The Bw horizon has hue of 7.5YR to 2.5Y, value of

3 to 5, and chroma of 3 to 6. Typically, texture is sandy

loam or fine sandy loam in the fine-earth fraction, but

in some pedons it is coarse sandy loam, loam, and silt

loam.

Bedrock is mainly granite or gneiss.

Kalurah Series

The Kalurah series consists of very deep,

moderately well drained soils on uplands. These soils

formed in loamy, calcareous glacial till. Slopes range

from 0 to 8 percent.

Kalurah soils are in a drainage sequence with well

drained Pyrities soils, somewhat poorly drained

Malone soils, and poorly drained to very poorly

drained Runeberg soils. They are also associated with

Nehasne, Summerville, Insula, Adams, Croghan,

Heuvelton, Depeyster, and Elmwood soils. Nehasne,

Summerville, and Insula soils are less than 40 inches

deep over bedrock. Sandy Adams and Croghan soils

are on areas of outwash or deltaic deposits adjacent

to Kalurah soils. Heuvelton, Depeyster, and Elmwood

soils are on nearby, lower lying lake plains.

Typical pedon of Kalurah fine sandy loam, 3 to 8

percent slopes, in the town of Canton, 370 feet

southwest of point on farm lane 2,060 feet southwest

of point on New York Route 68, 1.5 miles northwest of

hamlet of Langdon Corners:

Ap—0 to 11 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) fine sandy

loam, pale brown (10YR 6/3) dry; weak fine and

medium granular structure; very friable; many very

fine and fine, and common medium roots; 12

percent rock fragments (10 percent gravel, 2

percent stones); moderately acid; abrupt smooth

boundary.

Bw1—11 to 16 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) fine sandy

loam; weak fine and medium subangular blocky

structure; very friable; many very fine and fine,

and common medium roots; common fine and

medium vesicular pores; few worm holes and

old root channels filled with Ap material; 12

percent rock fragments (10 percent gravel, 2

percent stones); slightly acid; clear irregular

boundary.

Bw2—16 to 24 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) fine sandy

loam; common medium distinct yellowish brown

(10 YR 5/6) and light brownish gray (10YR 6/2)

mottles; weak very fine and fine subangular blocky

structure; very friable; common very fine and fine,

and few medium roots; common fine and medium

vesicular pores; few worm holes and old root

channels filled with Ap material; 12 percent rock

fragments (10 percent gravel, 2 percent stones);

slightly acid; abrupt irregular boundary.

Bw3—24 to 47 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) gravelly fine

sandy loam; common medium distinct light

brownish gray (10YR 6/2) and yellowish brown (10

YR 5/6) mottles; weak medium and thick platy

structure parting to weak fine and medium

subangular blocky; firm; many medium and coarse

vesicular pores, few with discontinuous clay

linings; 20 percent rock fragments (15 percent

gravel, 5 percent stones); slightly acid; gradual

wavy boundary.

C—47 to 72 inches; dark yellowish brown (10 YR 4/4)

gravelly fine sandy loam; few fine distinct yellowish

brown (10YR 5/6) mottles in upper part; weak fine

and medium platy structure; friable; few very fine

and fine roots; common coarse, medium and fine

vesicular and tubular pores, few with

discontinuous clay linings; common light gray (10

YR 6/1) stripped sand grains; 20 percent rock

fragments (15 percent gravel, 5 percent cobbles);

neutral.

Thickness of the solum ranges from 30 to 50

inches. Depth to carbonates is greater than 40 inches.

Depth to bedrock is greater than 60 inches. Rock

fragments, mostly gravel, range from 5 to 15 percent

in the surface layer, 5 to 35 percent in the subsoil, and

5 to 50 percent in the substratum.

The A horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of

2 to 4, and chroma of 2 or 3. Texture in the fine-earth

fraction is loam or silt loam, but in most pedons it is

fine sandy loam. Reaction ranges from moderately

acid to neutral.

The Bw horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of

4 or 5, and chroma of 2 to 6; chroma of 2 is below a

depth of more than 20 inches. Part of the Bw horizon

above a depth of 24 inches is mottled in low chroma

colors. Texture is sandy loam, loam, or silt loam in the
St. Lawrence County, New York 277

fine-earth fraction, but in most pedons it is fine sandy

loam. Reaction is slightly acid or neutral.

The C horizon has hue of 7.5YR to 2.5Y, value of 4

to 5, and chroma of 2 to 6. Texture is fine sandy loam,

sandy loam, or loam in the fine-earth fraction. In some

pedons it has thin layers of loamy sand. Reaction

ranges from neutral to moderately alkaline.

Lovewell Series

The Lovewell series consists of very deep,

moderately well drained soils on flood plains. These

soils formed in recent alluvium. Slopes range from 0 to

3 percent.

Lovewell soils are in a drainage sequence with

somewhat poorly drained Cornish soils. They are

associated with Adams, Croghan, Eelweir, and

Nicholville soils. Lovewell soils are not as sandy as

Adams and Croghan soils but are also finer textured

than loamy Eelweir soils.

Typical pedon of Lovewell silt loam, in the town of

Dekalb, 60 feet north of the Oswegatchie River, 1/4 mile

east of Snowshoe Island:

Ap1—0 to 10 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR

3/2) silt loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry;

weak medium and fine granular; friable; common

fine and few medium roots; many interstitial pores;

slightly acid; clear wavy boundary.

AP2—10 to 14 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR

3/2) and dark brown (10YR 3/3) silt loam; weak

medium and fine granular; friable; common fine

and few medium roots; many interstitial pores;

slightly acid; clear wavy boundary.

Bw1—14 to 23 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR

4/4) silt loam; weak fine and medium subangular

blocky structure; friable; slightly acid; common fine

roots; common fine and very fine vesicular pores;

slightly acid; gradual wavy boundary.

Bw2—23 to 29 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR

4/4) silt loam; common fine distinct light yellowish

brown (2.5Y 6/4) and light brownish gray (10YR

6/2) mottles; weak fine and medium subangular

blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; common

fine vesicular and few fine tubular pores; slightly

acid; gradual wavy boundary.

CB—52 to 72 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

very fine sandy loam; few fine distinct light

brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2), few fine distinct light

brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2), few fine distinct dark

brown (7.5YR 4/4), and yellowish red (5YR 5/6)

mottles; weak fine and medium platy structure;

friable; few fine roots; common very fine vesicular

pores; slightly acid; diffuse wavy boundary.

C—52 to 72 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) very

fine sandy loam; few very pale brown (10YR 7/3)

stripped sand grains; massive; friable; slightly acid.

Some pedons have a few pebbles as much as 1

/4

inch in diameter. Thickness of the solum ranges from

20 to 30 inches. Mottles that have chroma of 2 or less

are between depths of 16 and 24 inches. In unlimed

areas reaction is very strongly acid to slightly acid

throughout.

The Ap horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y; value is 3

to 5, 6 or 7, dry, and chroma is 2 to 4. Texture is silt

loam or very fine sandy loam. The Ap horizon has

weak to strong, very fine to medium granular structure.

Consistence is very friable or friable.

The B horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4

or 5, and chroma of 2 to 6. Texture is silt loam or very

fine sandy loam. The B horizon is weak or moderate,

fine or medium granular or subangular blocky

structure. Consistence is very friable or friable.

The C horizon has hue of 10YR to 5Y, value of 4 or

5, and chroma of 2 to 4. Texture is silt loam, very fine

sandy loam, or loamy very fine sand. In some pedons

below a depth of 40 inches the horizon has strata

ranging from silt loam to fine gravel. It has platy

structure, or is massive or single grain, depending on

texture. Consistence ranges from friable to loose.

Loxley Series

The Loxley series consists of very deep, very

poorly drained soils formed in organic material more

than 51 inches thick, generally overlying sandy mineral

deposits. These soils are in depressions on outwash

plains, moraines, and bedrock-controlled uplands. In

some places they are on flood plains. Slopes range

from 0 to 2 percent.

Loxley soils are closely associated with Dawson

soils, which are less than 51 inches deep over mineral

material. They are also associated with Adams,

Colton, Duxbury, Searsport, and Tughill soils. Unlike

Loxley soils, Adams, Colton, Duxbury, Searsport, and

Tughill soils do not have mineral soil material above a

depth of 16 inches.

Typical pedon of Loxley mucky peat, in the town of

Piercefield, 400 feet west-northwest of westmost

shore of northwest lobe of Black Pond, in a sphagnum

bog:

Oe—0 to 3 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR

3/2) broken face, very dark brown (10YR 2/2)

rubbed hemic material (mucky peat); fibric

material (peat) about 70 percent fibers, 38 percent

rubbed; granular structure; very friable; primarily

sphagnum fibers and live roots; extremely acid

(pH 3.5 in water); abrupt smooth boundary.
278 Soil Survey

Oa1—3 to 36 inches; black (10YR 2/1) broken face

and rubbed sapric material (muck); about 30

percent fibers, 5 percent rubbed; massive; very

friable; mostly sphagnum fibers, few partly

decomposed woody stems; extremely acid; abrupt

smooth boundary.

Oa2—36 to 72 inches; black (10YR 2/1) broken face

and rubbed sapric material (muck); about 20

percent fibers, 5 percent rubbed; massive; very

friable; mostly sphagnum fibers; extremely acid.

The combined thickness of organic layers exceeds

51 inches. In some pedons as much as 18 inches of

sphagnum moss is on the surface. Reaction is

extremely acid throughout.

The surface tier has hue of 2.5YR to 10YR, value of

2 to 5, and chroma of 0 to 4. It is dominantly fibric

materials (peat), but in some pedons it is composed of

hemic material (mucky peat) or sapric material (muck).

The surface layer mostly derives from sphagnum

moss or herbaceous materials. Structure is either platy

or granular.

The subsurface tier has hue of 2.5YR to 10YR,

value of 2 to 5, and chroma of 0 to 4. It is dominantly

sapric (muck), but in some pedons it has thin layers of

hemic material (mucky peat) or fibric material (peat).

Structure is either platy or massive.

The bottom tier has hue of 2.5YR to 10YR, value of

2 to 5, and chroma of 0 to 4. It is dominantly sapric

material (muck), but in some pedons it has thin layers

of hemic material (mucky peat) or fibric material

(peat). It is massive or has platy structure.

Lyman Series

The Lyman series consists of shallow, somewhat

excessively drained soils formed in glacial till. These

soils are gently sloping to very steep on rocky hills and

tops and upper backslopes of mountains where

underlying folded and faulted bedrock strongly

influences topography. Slopes range from 3 to 80

percent.

Lyman soils are associated with Borosaprists,

Fluvaquents, and Adams, Berkshire, Colton, Crary,

Dawson, Loxley, Potsdam, Ricker, and Sunapee soils.

They are not as deep as very deep Borosaprists;

Fluvaquents; Adams, Berkshire, Colton, Crary,

Dawson, Loxley, Potsdam, and Sunapee soils; and

moderately deep Tunbridge soils. Unlike Lyman soils,

Ricker soils are organic.

Typical pedon of Lyman silt loam, in an area of

Tunbridge-Lyman-Dawson complex, rolling, very rocky,

in the town of Dekalb, 20 feet west of point on

woodland road, 525 feet northeast of point on County

Road 136, 0.6 mile southeast of U.S. Route 11:

A—0 to 3 inches; black (5YR 2.5/1) silt loam; weak fine

granular structure; friable; many fine roots; 5

percent rock fragments; extremely acid; abrupt

broken boundary.

E—3 to 4 inches; pinkish gray (5YR 6/2) silt loam;

weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable;

many fine roots; 5 percent rock fragments; very

strongly acid; abrupt broken boundary.

Bs—4 to 14 inches; reddish brown (5YR 4/4) silt loam;

moderate medium subangular blocky structure;

friable, slightly smeary; common fine roots; 10

percent rock fragments; very strongly acid; abrupt

irregular boundary.

R—Granitic bedrock.

Thickness of the solum and depth to bedrock range

from 10 to 20 inches. Rock fragments are generally

granite or gneiss and range, by volume, from 5 to 15

percent in the A horizon and from 5 to 38 percent in

the subsoil. In unlimed areas reaction ranges from

extremely acid to moderately acid.

The A horizon is neutral or has hue of 5YR to

10YR, value of 2 or 3, and chroma of 0 to 2. Texture is

fine sandy loam, sandy loam, very fine sandy loam, or

silt loam.

The E horizon, where it occurs, has hue of 5YR to

10YR, value of 2 or 3, and chroma of 2. Texture is

sandy loam to very fine sandy loam, silt loam, or loam.

The Bhs horizon, where it occurs, has value and

chroma of 3. Texture is similar to that of the Bh

horizon.

The Bs horizon has hue of 5YR to 10YR, value of 3

to 5, and chroma of 3 to 8. Texture is sandy loam to

very fine sandy loam, silt loam, or loam.

The BC horizon, where it occurs, has hue of 10YR

to 5Y, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 3 or 4. It has the

same texture as the B horizon.

The R layer generally is igneous or metaigneous

granite or gneiss.

Lyme Series

The Lyme series consists of very deep, poorly

drained soils that formed in loamy glacial till on

uplands. Slopes range from 0 to 15 percent.

Lyme soils are in a drainage sequence with well

drained Berkshire soils, moderately well drained

Sunapee soils, and very poorly drained Tughill soils.

Lyme soils are closely associated with Adirondack,

Crary, Dawson, Loxley, Lyman, and Tunbridge soils.

Unlike Lyme soils, Adirondack and Crary soils have a

firm or very firm substratum. Unlike Lyme soils, Lyman

soils are shallow to bedrock and Tunbridge soils are

moderately deep to bedrock. Unlike Lyme soils,

Dawson and Loxley soils are organic.
St. Lawrence County, New York 279

Typical pedon of Lyme sandy loam, in an area of

Adirondack-Tughill-Lyme complex, 0 to 8 percent

slopes, very bouldery, in the town of Piercefield, 40

feet east of Mount Arab Lake Road, 350 feet south of

railroad crossing at Childwold Station, 0.6 mile east of

junction of County Road 75:

A—0 to 3 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) sandy

loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; weak

fine and medium subangular blocky structure;

friable; many fine roots; 5 percent rock fragments;

strongly acid; clear irregular boundary.

Bg1—3 to 6 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) sandy

loam; common medium distinct strong brown

(7.5YR 5/6) mottles; moderate medium platy

structure; friable; few fine and few medium roots;

few medium vesicular and few medium tabular

pores; 5 percent rock fragments; strongly acid;

abrupt irregular boundary.

Bg2—6 to 11 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

sandy loam; common coarse distinct brown (10YR

5/3) mottles; weak medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; few fine roots; few medium

vesicular pores; 5 percent rock fragments; strongly

acid; clear wavy boundary.

Bw—11 to 16 inches; brown (10YR 4/2) and grayish

brown (10YR 5/2) gravelly sandy loam; common

fine distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

mottles; massive; friable; 15 percent rock

fragments; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

Bw—11 to 16 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) cobbly sandy

loam; many coarse distinct dark reddish brown

(5YR 3/3) mottles; weak fine and medium

subangular blocky structure; friable; 15 percent

rock fragments; strongly acid; diffuse wavy

boundary.

C1—16 to 24 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 5/3)

gravelly sandy loam; few coarse prominent grayish

brown (10YR 5/2) gravelly sandy loam, common

fine distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

mottles; massive; friable; 15 percent rock

fragments; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

C2—24 to 72 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) gravelly

sandy loam; few coarse prominent gray (10YR

6/1) and many coarse prominent reddish brown

(5YR 4/4) and yellowish red (5YR 5/6) mottles;

massive; friable; 15 percent rock fragments;

strongly acid.

Thickness of the solum ranges from 15 to 36

inches. Rock fragments make up 5 to 15 percent of the

volume in the A horizon, 5 to 30 percent in the B

horizon, and 10 to 35 percent in the C horizon. In

unlimed areas, reaction is very strongly acid or

strongly acid throughout. Consistence is very friable or

friable, moist. Depth to bedrock is greater than 60

inches.

The A or Ap horizon has hue of 5YR to 2.5Y, value

of 2 or 3, and chroma of 1 or 2. Texture is loam, sandy

loam, or fine sandy loam, or their gravelly or cobbly

analogs.

The Bg horizon is neutral or has hue of 10YR to 5Y,

value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 0 to 2. Texture is loam,

fine sandy loam, or sandy loam, or their gravelly or

cobbly analogs.

The Bw horizon or the BC horizon, where it occurs,

is neutral or has hue of 10YR to 5Y, value of 4 to 6,

and chroma of 2 to 4. It has the same texture as the

Bg horizon.

The C horizon has hue of 10YR to 5Y, value of 4 to

6, and chroma of 1 to 4. Texture is sandy loam or fine

sandy loam, or their gravelly or cobbly analogs. In

some pedons, below a depth of 30 inches, the horizon

has thin layers of loamy sand or loamy coarse sand.

Malone Series

The Malone series consists of very deep,

somewhat poorly drained soils on uplands. These soils

formed in loamy, calcareous glacial till. Slopes range

from 0 to 8 percent.

Malone soils are in a drainage sequence with well

drained Pyrities soils, moderately well drained Kalurah

soils, and very poorly drained Runeberg soils. They

are also in a drainage sequence with well drained

Grenville soils and moderately well drained

Hogansburg soils. They are also associated with

Ogdensburg, Muskellunge, Hailesboro, and Swanton

soils. Ogdensburg soils are moderately deep near

bedrock-controlled landscapes, and are in topographic

positions similar to those of Malone soils.

Muskellunge, Hailesboro, and Swanton soils are on

nearby, low-lying lake plains.

Typical pedon of Malone loam, 0 to 8 percent

slopes, very stony, in the town of Potsdam, 55 feet

northwest of a point on Ellis Road 0.6 mile west of

junction of Ellis Road and West Potsdam Road:

Ap—0 to 10 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR

3/2) loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry;

weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable;

common fine, many medium, and common coarse

roots; 5 percent rock fragments (2 percent gravel

and 3 percent cobbles); slightly acid; diffuse wavy

boundary.

Bw—10 to 19 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

gravelly fine sandy loam; common medium faint

yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) and few fine faint light

olive brown (2.5Y 5/2) mottles; weak medium and

coarse subangular blocky structure; friable;
280 Soil Survey

common fine and many very fine roots; common

fine and medium tubular pores; 30 percent rock

fragments (25 percent gravel and 5 percent

cobbles and stones); slightly acid; clear irregular

boundary.

Bg—19 to 25 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) gravelly

sandy loam; common medium faint light olive

brown (2.5Y 5/4) mottles; weak medium and

coarse prismatic structure parting to weak

medium subangular blocky; firm; few fine medium

and coarse tubular pores; 15 percent rock

fragments (10 percent gravel, 5 percent cobbles

and stones); very slightly effervescent; neutral;

gradual irregular boundary.

Cg—25 to 72 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

gravelly sandy loam; common medium distinct

yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) mottles in the upper

part; weak thick platy structure; firm; few fine and

medium tubular pores; 20 percent rock fragments;

slightly effervescent; neutral.

Thickness of the solum ranges from 18 to 36

inches. Depth to carbonates ranges from 20 to 50

inches. Depth to bedrock is greater than 60 inches.

Limestone or dolomitic limestone rock fragments,

gravel cobbles, and channers range, by volume, from

5 to 35 percent in the solum and from 5 to 50 percent

in the substratum.

The A horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 2 to 5, and

chroma of 1 or 2. Texture is silt loam, loam, fine sandy

loam, or sandy loam in the fine-earth fraction.

Reaction is moderately acid or slightly acid.

The Bw horizon has hue of 5YR to 2.5Y, value of 3

to 6, and chroma of 3 to 6. Texture is loam, fine sandy

loam, or sandy loam in the fine-earth fraction.

Reaction is slightly acid or neutral.

The Bg horizon has hue of 5YR to 2.5Y, value of 3

to 6, and chroma of 1 or 2. Texture is loam, fine sandy

loam, or sandy loam in the fine-earth fraction. In some

pedons it has thin subhorizons of silty clay loam or silt

loam. Reaction is slightly acid or neutral.

The C horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5

or 6, and chroma of 2 to 4. Texture is sandy loam or

fine sandy loam in the fine-earth fraction. Reaction

ranges from neutral to moderately alkaline.

Matoon Series

The Matoon series consists of moderately deep,

somewhat poorly drained soils formed in fine marine

sediments. These soils are nearly level to moderately

sloping on marine basins where underlying bedrock is

20 to 40 inches below the surface. Slopes range from

0 to 6 percent.

Matoon soils are in a drainage sequence with

poorly drained and very poorly drained Guff soils. They

are also associated with Heuvelton, Muskellunge,

Adjidaumo, Insula, Summerville, Nehasne,

Ogdensburg, and Hannawa soils. Heuvelton,

Muskellunge, and Adjidaumo soils formed in similar

materials as Matoon soils but are all very deep. Insula

and Summerville soils are loamy and shallow to

bedrock. Nehasne soils are higher on the landscape

than Matoon soils and are coarse-loamy. Matoon soils

and coarse-loamy Ogdensburg and shallow Hannawa

soils all are in similar landscape positions.

Typical pedon of Matoon silty clay loam, 0 to 2

percent slopes, in the town of Morrisville, 200 feet

northeast of point on Old Mills Road, 200 feet from

junction with New York Route 37:

Ap—0 to 8 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

silty clay loam, gray (10YR 6/1) dry; moderate

very fine, fine and medium granular structure; very

friable; many fine and few medium roots; slightly

acid, abrupt smooth boundary.

BAg—8 to 12 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) and gray

(10YR 5/1) silty clay loam; grayish brown (10YR

5/2) faces of peds; 40 percent many fine and

medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR 4/6 and 5/6)

and common fine faint yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

mottles; moderate fine and medium subangular

blocky structure; friable; common fine and few

medium roots; many fine vesicular, few fine and

medium tubular pores; few faint silt linings in

tubular pores; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.

Btg1—12 to 16 inches; gray (5Y 5/1) silty clay; dark

gray (10YR 4/1) to gray (10YR 5/1) faces of peds;

many fine and medium distinct dark yellowish

brown (10YR 4/4), strong brown (7.5YR 4/6), and

brown ((7.5YR 5/4) mottles; moderate medium

prismatic parting to moderate medium subangular

blocky structure; firm; common fine and few

medium roots; few very fine, fine and medium

vesicular pores; common distinct dark gray (10YR

4/1) clay films on faces of peds and in pores;

neutral; clear wavy boundary.

Btg2—16 to 27 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

clay; few fine and medium faint yellowish brown

(10YR 5/4) mottles; moderate medium prismatic

structure parting to moderate fine and medium

subangular blocky; firm; few fine and medium

roots; few fine and medium vesicular pores; few

faint clay films on faces of peds and in pores; less

than 1 percent rock fragments; slightly alkaline;

slightly effervescent; abrupt smooth boundary.

R—27 inches; sandstone bedrock.

Thickness of the solum ranges from 16 to 40

inches. Depth to bedrock ranges from 20 to 40 inches.
St. Lawrence County, New York 281

In most pedons the horizon above bedrock has

carbonates. Rock fragments, mostly gravel or cobbles,

range, by volume, from 0 to 2 percent in the A horizon

and in the upper part of the B horizon and from 0 to 20

percent in the lower part of the B horizon and the C

horizon.

The A or Ap horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value

of 2 to 4, and chroma of 1 to 3. Texture is silt loam or

silty clay loam. Reaction is slightly acid or neutral.

The BA horizon has hue of 10YR to 2.5Y, value of 3

to 6, and chroma of 1 or 2. Texture is silt loam, silty

clay loam, or silty clay. Reaction is neutral or slightly

alkaline.

Some subhorizons of the Bt horizon have hue of

10YR to 2.5Y, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 1 or 2.

The horizon is mottled. Texture is silty clay loam, silty

clay, or clay. Reaction is neutral or slightly alkaline.

The C horizon, where it occurs, has hue of 10YR to

5Y, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 1 or 2. In most

areas texture is silt loam, silty clay loam, or silty clay in

the fine-earth fraction. In some pedons the horizon

has silt and very fine sand in varves. In some pedons

it has a thin layer of saprolite above bedrock. Reaction

is neutral to moderately alkaline.

The R horizon is sandstone, dolomitic sandstone,

or limestone bedrock.

Mino Series

The Mino series consists of very deep, somewhat

poorly drained soils on stream terraces or on lake or

marine plains. They formed in loamy sediments

deposited near shore or on levees or terraces. Slopes

range from 0 to 3 percent.

Mino soils are in a drainage sequence with

moderately well drained Eelweir soils. They are also

associated with Swanton, Elmwood, Munuscong,

Croghan, Deford, and Malone soils. Unlike Mino soils,

Swanton, Elmwood, and Munuscong soils have a

clayey substratum within a depth of 40 inches.

Croghan and Deford soils are sandy. Malone soils

have more rock fragments than Mino soils.

Typical pedon of Mino fine sandy loam, in the town

of Waddington, 650 feet south on Hardscrabble Road

from junction with Waddington-Chamberlain’s Corners

Road, 100 feet west, in stand of second-growth

hardwoods:

Ap—0 to 10 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) fine sandy

loam; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; common

fine faint gray (10YR 6/1) mottles; moderate fine

and medium subangular blocky structure; friable;

many fine and medium roots; strongly acid; abrupt

smooth boundary.

E—10 to 12 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) fine sandy loam;

common fine faint gray (10YR 6/1) and dark gray

(10YR 4/1) mottles; moderate medium subangular

blocky structure; friable; common fine and medium

roots; strongly acid; clear irregular boundary.

Bg—12 to 16 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

fine sandy loam; very dark grayish brown (10YR

3/2) faces of peds; many medium faint brown

(10YR 4/3) and (10YR 5/3) mottles; moderate

medium angular blocky structure; friable; common

fine and medium roots; common fine and medium

vesicular and tubular pores; moderately acid; clear

wavy boundary.

Bw—16 to 24 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) fine sandy

loam; many medium faint brown (10YR 5/3)

mottles; weak coarse subangular blocky structure;

friable; few fine and medium roots; few fine and

medium vesicular and tubular pores; moderately

acid; clear wavy boundary.

BC—24 to 32 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/3) very

fine sandy loam; moderate medium faint pale

brown (10YR 6/3) and moderate medium distinct

strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) mottles; weak fine and

medium platy structure; friable; common very fine

and fine vesicular pores; few fine tubular pores;

many thin layers of silt loam; slightly acid; clear

wavy boundary.

C—32 to 72 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) fine

sandy loam; many medium faint grayish brown

(10YR 5/2) mottles; massive parting to fine and

medium plates along depositional planes; friable;

many thin layers of silt loam; slightly acid.

Thickness of the solum ranges from 20 to 40

inches. Depth to bedrock is greater than 60 inches.

Rock fragments, mostly fine gravel, range, by volume,

from 0 to 5 percent throughout.

The A horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 3 or 4,

and chroma of 1 to 3. Texture is very fine sandy loam,

fine sandy loam, loam, or silt loam. Reaction ranges

from strongly acid to slightly acid.

The E horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 5 to 7,

chroma of 1 or 2. Texture is very fine sandy loam, fine

sandy loam, loam, or silt loam. Reaction ranges from

strongly acid to slightly acid.

The Bg horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 4 to 6,

chroma of 2. Texture is loam or sandy loam, but in

most pedons it is very fine sandy loam or fine sandy

loam.

The Bw horizon has hue of 7.5YR to 2.5Y, value of

4 or 5, and chroma of 2 to 4, but chroma of 2 makes

up less than 50 percent of color matrix. Texture is loam

or sandy loam, but in most pedons it is fine sandy

loam or very fine sandy loam. In some pedons it has

thin subhorizons of silt loam or loamy very fine sand.

Reaction ranges from moderately acid to neutral.
282 Soil Survey

The BC horizon has hue of 7.5YR to 2.5Y, value of

4 or 5, and chroma of 2 to 4. Texture is loam or sandy

loam, but in most pedons it is fine sandy loam or very

fine sandy loam. In most pedons it has thin layers of

silt loam or loamy very fine sand. Reaction ranges

from moderately acid to neutral.

The C horizon has hue of 10YR to 2.5Y, value of 4

to 6, and chroma of 1 to 4. Texture is loam, sandy

loam, or very fine sandy loam, but in most pedons it is

fine sandy loam. In some pedons the horizon has thin

layers of very fine sand, loamy very fine sand, or silt

loam. In some pedons it is fine sand to silty clay below

a depth of 40 inches. Reaction ranges from slightly

acid to moderately alkaline.

Munuscong Series

The Munuscong series consists of very deep, very

poorly drained soils formed in loamy materials

deposited over fine marine sediments. These soils are

nearly level in low-lying areas on marine plains and in

basins on uplands. Slopes range from 0 to 2 percent.

Munuscong soils are in a drainage sequence with

moderately well drained Elmwood soils and somewhat

poorly drained and poorly drained Swanton soils. They

are also associated with Adjidaumo, Dorval, Guff,

Hannawa, Ogdensburg, Runeberg, Stockholm, and

Wegatchie soils. Munuscong soils are coarser in the

subsoil than Adjidaumo, Wegatchie, and Guff soils.

Munuscong soils are deeper to bedrock than Guff,

Hannawa, and Ogdensburg soils. Unlike Munuscong

soils, Dorval soils have an organic subsoil. Munuscong

soils have a finer textured substratum than Runeberg

soils and a finer textured subsoil than Stockholm soils.

Typical pedon of Munuscong mucky fine sandy

loam, in the town of Lisbon, 400 feet west-southwest

of point on County Road 53, 100 feet east-southeast

of intersection of Fisher Road:

Ap—0 to 8 inches; black (10YR 2/1) mucky fine sandy

loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; strong

medium granular structure; friable; many fine

roots; neutral; abrupt wavy boundary.

Bg—8 to 22 inches; light gray (10YR 6/1) fine sandy

loam; common medium prominent yellowish brown

(10 YR 5/4) and brownish yellow (10YR 6/6)

mottles; many whitewashed (10YR 8/1) fine sand

grains; weak fine subangular blocky structure; very

friable; few fine and medium tubular and vesicular,

few coarse tubular pores; thin grayish brown firm

lens at bottom of horizon with few coarse pores

and thin continuous clay linings; common fine

roots; slightly alkaline; clear wavy boundary.

BCg—22 to 26 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) fine

sandy loam; common medium prominent yellowish

red (5YR 5/6) and common medium distinct light

gray (10YR 7/2) mottles; very weak thin platy

structure; friable; few fine and medium vesicular

pores; few fine roots; slightly alkaline; slightly

effervescent; abrupt smooth boundary.

2Cg1—26 to 38 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silty

clay; few thin lenses of gray (10YR 5/1) fine sandy

loam, 11

/2 inches total thickness; many medium

and coarse distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

and few medium faint light gray (10YR 6/1)

mottles; weak thick platy structure (varved); firm,

slightly sticky; very fine, medium and coarse

pores, thin discontinuous clay films in larger pores;

few fine roots; moderately alkaline; slightly

effervescent; gradual wavy boundary.

2Cg2—38 to 48 inches; gray (10 YR 5/1) silty clay

loam; many coarse prominent reddish brown

(2.5YR 4/4, 5YR 4/4) mottles and common

medium distinct brown (7.5YR 4/4) root stains in

old root channels; weak thick platy structure; firm,

sticky; few fine, medium and coarse pores; few

fine roots; moderately alkaline; slightly

effervescent; gradual wavy boundary.

2Cg3—48 to 98 inches; dark gray (10YR 5/1) silty

clay; few coarse prominent olive brown (2.5Y 4/4)

mottles and white (N 8/0, 10YR 8/2) shell

fragments; weak fine and medium platy structure;

firm, sticky; few fine, medium and coarse pores;

few fine roots in top 6 inches; moderately alkaline;

strongly effervescent.

Thickness of the solum ranges from 20 to 40

inches. Depth to carbonates ranges from 20 to 40

inches. Rock fragments range, by volume, from 0 to 5

percent throughout.

The A horizon has hue of 10YR, chroma of 1 or 2,

and value of 2 or 3. Texture is fine sandy loam or

sandy loam. Reaction is slightly acid to slightly

alkaline.

The Bg horizon has hue of 10YR to 5Y, chroma of 1

or 2, and value of 4 to 6. Texture is fine sandy loam or

sandy loam. In some pedons it has thin strata of loam

or sandy clay loam. It has weak, medium or coarse

subangular blocky structure. Reaction ranges from

slightly acid to slightly alkaline.

The BCg horizon, where it occurs, has

characteristics similar to those of the Bg horizon,

except for structure. The structure of the BCg horizon

is similar to that of the 2C horizon.

The 2C horizon has hue of 5YR to 5Y, chroma of 1

to 4, and value of 5 or 6. Texture is silty clay, silty clay

loam, or clay. It is massive or has weak angular blocky

or platy structure. Reaction is slightly alkaline or

moderately alkaline.
St. Lawrence County, New York 283

Muskellunge Series

The Muskellunge series consists of very deep,

somewhat poorly drained soils on marine plains.

These soils formed in clayey marine deposits. Slopes

range from 0 to 6 percent.

Muskellunge soils are in a drainage sequence with

moderately well drained Heuvelton soils and poorly

drained and very poorly drained Adjidaumo soils. They

are closely associated with Insula, Matoon,

Summerville, and Swanton soils. Muskellunge soils

are deeper to bedrock than Insula, Matoon, and

Summerville soils. They are finer textured in the solum

than Swanton soils.

Typical pedon of Muskellunge silty clay loam, 0 to 2

percent slopes, in the town of Gouverneur, 90 feet

southeast of Peabody Road, 1/10 mile south of junction

of Peabody Road and Stevens Road:

Ap1—0 to 7 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR

3/2) silty clay loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2)

dry; moderate fine granular structure; friable; many

fine and few medium roots; neutral; abrupt smooth

boundary.

Ap2—7 to 12 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR

3/2) silty clay loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2)

dry; moderate fine subangular blocky structure;

friable; many fine roots; neutral; abrupt smooth

boundary.

Btg—12 to 17 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

clay; many moderate distinct dark yellowish brown

(10YR 4/4) mottles; moderate medium subangular

blocky structure; friable; common fine roots; many

very fine and common fine tubular pores; slightly

alkaline; clear smooth boundary.

Bt1—17 to 25 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) clay; grayish

brown (10YR 5/2) faces of peds; common medium

distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) mottles;

weak very coarse prismatic structure parting to

moderate fine and medium subangular blocky;

friable; few fine roots; common fine tubular pores;

common distinct clay films on peds and in pores;

slightly alkaline; clear wavy boundary.

Bt2—25 to 37 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

silty clay with grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) faces of

peds; common medium distinct brown (10YR 4/3)

mottles; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to

moderate medium angular blocky; firm; few fine

roots; few fine tubular pores; common distinct clay

films on peds and in pores; slightly alkaline; clear

wavy boundary.

C1—37 to 48 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay; few

prominent grayish brown (10YR 5/2) calcium

carbonate coats; few prominent rounded light gray

(10YR 7/2) calcium carbonate concretions; weak

coarse platy structure; firm; few fine tubular pores;

strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual

wavy boundary.

C2—48 to 72 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay; olive

gray (5Y 5/2) faces of peds; weak coarse platy

structure; firm; strongly effervescent; moderately

alkaline.

The solum thickness ranges from 20 to 40 inches.

Depth to carbonates ranges from 20 to 60 inches.

Rock fragments range, by volume, from 0 to 5 percent

in the solum and from 0 to 10 percent in the

substratum. Reaction ranges from strongly acid to

neutral in the A horizon, strongly acid to slightly

alkaline in the B horizon, and neutral to moderately

alkaline in the substratum.

The Ap or A horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value

of 2 to 4, and chroma of 1 to 3. Texture is silt loam or

silty clay loam.

The E horizon, where it occurs, has hue of 10YR or

2.5Y, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 1 to 3. It is

mottled. Texture is silt loam or silty clay loam.

The B horizon has hue of 7.5YR to 2.5Y, value of 4

to 6, and chroma of 2 to 4. It is mottled. Texture is silty

clay loam, clay, or silty clay within the range of 35 to

60 percent clay. Structure is weak to strong prismatic

or subangular or angular blocky.

The C horizon has hue of 10YR to 5Y, value of

3 to 5, and chroma of 1 to 3. Texture is silty clay or

clay.

Naumburg Series

The Naumburg series consists of very deep,

somewhat poorly drained and poorly drained soils

formed in sandy deltaic or glaciofluvial deposits. These

soils are on low sand plains and terraces. Slope

ranges from 0 to 18 percent.

Naumburg soils are in a drainage sequence with

somewhat excessively drained or excessively drained

Adams soils, moderately well drained Croghan soils,

and very poorly drained Searsport soils. They are

closely associated with Coveytown, Dorval, Malone,

and Stockholm soils. Unlike Naumburg soils,

Coveytown soils are loamy in the substratum and

Stockholm soils are clayey in the substratum. Unlike

Naumburg soils, Dorval soils are organic. Naumburg

soils are coarser textured than Malone soils.

Typical pedon of Naumburg loamy fine sand, in the

town of Brasher, 2,500 feet west, 20 degrees north of

intersection of Rice and Paxton Roads, 4,000 feet

north of bridge on U.S. Route 11:

Oe—0 to 5 inches; black (10YR 2/1) moderately

decomposed organic matter (hemic material) in a
284 Soil Survey

mat of living roots; massive; friable; many fine

roots; strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

E1—5 to 17 inches; pinkish gray (7.5YR 7/2) loamy

fine sand; single grain; loose; common fine roots;

strongly acid; abrupt wavy boundary.

E1—17 to 19 inches; reddish gray (5YR 5/2) fine sand;

few fine faint dark brown (7.5YR 4/4) mottles;

massive; friable, loose; few fine roots; strongly

acid; abrupt wavy boundary.

Bh—19 to 21 inches; dark reddish brown (5YR 2/2)

loamy fine sand; massive; weak fine and medium

granular structure; very friable; 20 percent firm;

clear wavy boundary.

Bs—21 to 31 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) sand;

common medium distinct yellowish red (5YR 5/6,

5YR 5/8) and brown (10YR 5/3) mottles; single

grain; loose; 5 percent firm parts 2 to 6 inches in

diameter; few dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) very firm

iron nodules 1

/4- to 1/2-inch in diameter; few fine

roots; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.

BC—31 to 41 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

sand; many coarse faint strong brown (7.5YR 5/6),

dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4), and grayish

brown (2.5Y 5/2) mottles; single grain; loose;

strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.

C—41 to 72 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2)

sand; common coarse faint light yellowish brown

(2.5Y 6/4) and distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

mottles, decreasing in quantity and size with

depth; single grain; loose; strongly acid.

Thickness of the solum ranges from 18 to 42

inches. Depth to bedrock is more than 60 inches. Most

pedons do not have rock fragments; some pedons are

as much as 5 percent rock fragments, by volume. The

spodic horizon, which consists of the Bh, Bhs, Bs, or

all three horizons, ranges from 7 to 30 inches thick.

The O horizon has hue of 5YR to 10YR, or is

neutral; value is 2 or 3 and chroma is 0 to 4. The

horizon consists of an undecomposed mat of leaves

and needles to well decomposed, organic material.

In some pedons, in place of the O horizon, the Ap

or A horizon has hue of 5YR to 10YR, value of 2 to 4,

and chroma of 1 to 3. Texture is fine sandy loam,

sandy loam, loamy fine sand, loamy fine sand, loamy

sand, or sand. In unlimed areas reaction ranges from

extremely acid to strongly acid.

The E horizon has hue of 5YR to 10YR, value of 5

to 7, and chroma of 1 to 3. It is similar to the A or Ap

horizon. Consistence is friable to loose. Reaction

ranges from extremely acid to strongly acid.

The Bh horizon has hue of 2.5YR to 10YR, value of

2 or 3, and chroma of 1 to 3. Texture is loamy fine

sand to sand. It is structureless or has weak granular

or subangular blocky structure. Consistence ranges

from friable to loose, and in most pedons 5 to 40

percent of the horizon is firm to extremely firm.

Reaction ranges from extremely acid to strongly

acid.

The Bhs horizon, where it occurs, has hue of 2.5YR

to 10YR and value and chroma of 2 or 3. Texture is

similar to that of the Bh or Bs horizon.

The Bs horizon has hue of 5YR to 10YR, value of 4

or 5, and chroma of 3 to 6. Texture is loamy fine sand

to sand. Consistence is friable to loose, but in some

pedons is up to 10 percent firm. Reaction ranges from

extremely acid to strongly acid.

The BC horizon has hue of 5YR to 2.5Y, value of 3

to 6, and chroma of 2 to 5. Texture is loamy fine sand

to sand. Reaction ranges from extremely acid to

strongly acid.

The C horizon has hue of 7.5YR to 5Y, value of 3 to

6, and chroma of 1 to 4. Texture is loamy fine sand to

coarse sand. Reaction ranges from very strongly acid

to slightly acid.

Nehasne Series

The Nehasne series consists of moderately deep,

well drained soils on till plains where the underlying

bedrock influences topography. These soils formed in

glacial till deposits. Slopes range from 0 to 15 percent.

Nehasne soils are in a drainage sequence with

somewhat poorly drained Ogdensburg soils.

They are closely associated with Grenville,

Gouverneur, Hannawa, Matoon, and Summerville

soils. Grenville soils are deeper to bedrock than

Nehasne soils. They are deeper to bedrock than

Gouverneur, Hannawa, and Summerville soils.

Nehasne soils are coarser textured than Matoon soils.

Typical pedon of Nehasne sandy loam, 3 to 8

percent slopes, in the town of Canton, 1,500 feet due

north of point on New York Route 68, 6,000 feet westnorthwest of Langdon Corners:

Ap—0 to 7 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

sandy loam; pale brown (10YR 6/3) dry; weak fine

granular structure; very friable; many very fine and

fine, and common medium roots; 10 percent rock

fragments (8 percent gravel, 2 percent channers);

slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

Bw1—7 to 18 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

gravelly fine sandy loam; weak fine and medium

subangular blocky parting to weak medium

granular structure; coarse vesicular and tubular

pores; common worm and old root channels filled

with Ap material; 20 percent rock fragments (15

percent gravel, 5 percent cobbles greater than 3

inches); neutral; clear wavy boundary.

Bw2—18 to 23 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) gravelly fine
St. Lawrence County, New York 285

sandy loam; weak fine and medium subangular

blocky structure; very friable; few very fine, fine,

and medium roots; many fine medium and coarse

vesicular and tubular pores; common mottles of

reddish brown (5YR 4/4) fine sandy loam, 1 to 3

inches in diameter; 30 percent rock fragments (20

percent gravel, 10 percent cobbles greater than 3

inches); neutral; clear wavy boundary.

BC—23 to 25 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) gravelly

fine sandy loam; massive; very friable; few very

fine and fine roots; few fine, medium, and coarse

vesicular and tubular pores; 30 percent rock

fragments (20 percent gravel, 10 percent cobbles

greater than 3 inches); neutral; abrupt irregular

boundary.

R—25 inches; marble bedrock, tilted and folded.

Thickness of the solum and depth to bedrock range

from 20 to 40 inches. Rock fragments, mostly gravel

and cobbles, range from 10 to 15 percent in the A

horizon, 10 to 25 percent in the Bw horizon, and 20 to

45 percent in the BC horizon and, where it occurs, the

C horizon.

The A horizon has hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of

2 or 3, and chroma of 1 or 2. Texture is fine sandy

loam, sandy loam, or loam in the fine-earth fraction.

Reaction is moderately acid or slightly acid.

The BW horizon has hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value

of 3 or 4, and chroma of 2 to 4. Texture is loam in the

fine-earth fraction, but in most pedons it is fine sandy

loam. Reaction is slightly acid or neutral.

The BC horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 3 to 5,

and chroma of 3. Texture is loam, fine sandy loam, or

sandy loam in the fine-earth fraction. Reaction is

neutral or slightly alkaline.

The C horizon, where it occurs, has hue of 10YR,

value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 3. Texture is loam, fine

sandy loam, or sandy loam in the fine-earth fraction.

Reaction is neutral or slightly alkaline.

Nicholville Series

The Nicholville series consists of very deep,

moderately well drained soils on ancient stream

terraces or where silt- and sand-size particles settled

in glacial lakes. These soils formed in silty lacustrine or

fluvial deposits. Slopes range from 0 to 16 percent.

Nicholville soils are in a drainage sequence with

well drained Salmon soils and poorly drained and

somewhat poorly drained Roundabout soils. They are

closely associated with Eelweir, Depeyster,

Hailesboro, Wegatchie, Adams, and Croghan soils.

They are coarser textured than Depeyster, Hailesboro,

and Wegatchie soils but finer textured than Adams,

Croghan, and Eelweir soils.

Typical pedon of Nicholville very fine sandy loam, 2

to 6 percent slopes, in the town of Gouverneur, 750

feet southeast of Gravel Road, 1/2 mile southwest of

junction of Gravel and Little Bow Roads:

Ap—0 to 8 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

very fine sandy loam, light brownish gray (10YR

6/2) dry; moderate fine granular structure; friable;

many fine and medium roots; strongly acid; clear

smooth boundary.

Bs1—8 to 14 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) very fine

sandy loam; weak fine and medium subangular

blocky structure; friable; many fine and medium

roots; few medium and few fine tubular pores;

strongly acid; abrupt irregular boundary.

Bs2—14 to 18 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR

4/4) very fine sandy loam; common fine distinct

strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) mottles; weak fine and

medium subangular blocky structure; friable;

common fine and medium roots; few fine and few

coarse tubular pores; strongly acid; clear irregular

boundary.

BC—18 to 23 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) very fine

sandy loam; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) ped

exteriors; common fine and medium distinct dark

reddish brown (5YR 3/2), few fine distinct reddish

brown (5YR 4/4), few fine distinct gray (10YR 5/1)

and common medium distinct yellowish red (5YR

5/6) mottles; weak coarse subangular blocky

structure; friable; few fine and medium roots; few

coarse and common fine and medium tubular and

few fine and medium vesicular pores; strongly

acid; clear wavy boundary.

CB—23 to 29 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) very fine

sandy loam, brown (10YR 4/3) ped exteriors;

common fine distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6)

and common fine faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2)

mottles; weak medium platy structure; firm; few

fine roots; common fine vesicular and few fine

tubular pores; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

C1—29 to 39 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) very fine

sandy loam, brown (10YR 4/3) ped exteriors;

common fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

mottles; weak medium platy structure; firm;

strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

C2—39 to 55 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

loamy very fine sand; massive; friable; strongly

acid; clear wavy boundary.

C3—55 to 72 inches; dark brown (10YR 4/3) very fine

sandy loam; massive; friable; strongly acid.

Thickness of the solum ranges from 12 to 30

inches. Depth to bedrock is more than 60 inches.

Depth to contrasting deposits is more than 30 inches.

Clay content in the solum is less than 18 percent, but
286 Soil Survey

typically less than 12 percent. Rock fragments, mostly

gravel, range, by volume, from 0 to 10 percent.

The Ap or A horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR,

value of 3 or 4, and chroma of 2 or 3. Texture is silt

loam or very fine sandy loam. Consistence is friable or

very friable. In unlimed areas, reaction ranges from

extremely acid to moderately acid.

Some undisturbed areas typically have an 0 horizon

1 to 5 inches thick, an E horizon 1 to 4 inches thick,

and a Bh or Bhs horizon 1 to 4 inches thick, all of

which plowing generally destroys.

The Bs horizon has hue of 5YR to 2.5Y and value

and chroma of 4 to 8. In most areas it has distinct

mottles in the lower part. The B horizon ranges from

loamy very fine sand to silt loam. Consistence is very

friable to firm. Reaction ranges from very strongly acid

to moderately acid.

The 2C or C horizon has hue of 10YR to 5Y, value

of 4 or 5, and chroma of 2 to 4. Texture ranges from silt

loam to very fine sand above a depth of 38 inches and

is sandy loam or silt loam to very fine sand below. It is

massive, or has platy structure from depositional

layers. Consistence is very friable to firm. Reaction

ranges from very strongly acid to slightly acid.

Ogdensburg Series

The Ogdensburg series consists of moderately

deep, somewhat poorly drained soils on till plains

where the underlying bedrock influences the

topography. These soils formed in calcareous glacial

till.

Ogdensburg soils are in a drainage sequence with

moderately well drained Nehasne soils. They are

closely associated with Insula, Grenville, Hannawa,

Hogansburg, Malone, Matoon, and Summerville soils.

Ogdensburg soils are deeper to bedrock than Insula,

Hannawa, and Summerville soils but shallower to

bedrock than Grenville, Hogansburg, and Malone

soils. Ogdensburg soils are coarser textured than

Matoon soils.

Typical pedon of Ogdensburg loam, 0 to 3 percent

slopes, in the town of Oswegatchie, 900 feet northwest

of point on Stone Church Road, 2,650 feet southeast

of junction of New York Route 37:

Ap—0 to 9 inches; black (10YR 2/1) loam, gray (10YR

5/1) dry; weak fine and medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; many fine and medium roots;

common fine and medium tubular pores; 5 percent

rock fragments; neutral; abrupt wavy boundary.

Bw—9 to 14 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

fine sandy loam; moderate medium subangular

blocky structure; common medium faint brown

(10YR 4/3) and few fine faint dark grayish brown

(10YR 4/2) mottles; moderate medium subangular

blocky structure; friable; common fine and medium

roots; common fine tubular pores; 5 percent rock

fragments; neutral; clear wavy boundary.

Bg—14 to 21 inches; grayish brown (2.5YR 5/2) fine

sandy loam; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

surfaces of peds; many medium distinct yellowish

brown (10YR 5/6) and many fine faint olive brown

(2.5Y 4/4) mottles; weak fine angular blocky

structure; friable; few fine roots; 10 percent gravel,

5 percent dolomitic sandstone pseudomorphs of

gravel-size rock fragments; neutral; clear wavy

boundary.

BCg—21 to 24 inches; gray (N 5/0) and grayish brown

(2.5Y 5/2) very gravelly fine sandy loam; light olive

brown (2.5Y 5/4, 5/6) ped surfaces; many medium

distinct dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) mottles;

light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4, 5/6) ped surfaces;

massive; friable; 40 percent rock fragments (30

percent gravel and channers, 10 percent flags and

cobbles); slightly alkaline; slightly effervescent;

abrupt smooth boundary.

R—24 inches; hard dolomitic sandstone bedrock and

a thin veneer of saprolite.

Thickness of the solum and generally depth to

carbonates range from 17 to 34 inches; however,

some pedons do not have carbonates. Depth to

bedrock ranges from 20 to 40 inches. Rock fragments

range, by volume, from 2 to 15 percent in the Ap

horizon, 2 to 35 percent in the Bw and Bg horizons,

and 15 to 50 percent in the BC and C horizons.

Rock fragments (gravel and channers) exceed 15

percent of the volume in at least one subhorizon of

the solum.

The Ap horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y; value is 2

or 3, 5, dry, and chroma is 1 or 2. Texture is sandy

loam, fine sandy loam, silt loam, or loam. Reaction is

neutral to moderately acid.

The Bw horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 2.5Y, value of

3 to 5, and chroma of 3 or 4. Texture is sandy loam or

fine sandy loam. In some pedons it has thin

subhorizons of silt loam. Reaction is slightly acid or

neutral.

The Bg horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 3

to 5, and chroma of 1 or 2. Texture is sandy loam, fine

sandy loam, or loam in the fine-earth fraction. In some

pedons it has thin subhorizons of silt loam. Reaction is

slightly acid or neutral.

The BC and C horizons are neutral or have hue of

10YR or 2.5Y, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 0 to 4.

Texture is sandy loam, fine sandy loam, loam, or silt

loam in the fine-earth fraction. Reaction is neutral to

moderately alkaline. Bedrock is dolomitic sandstone,

sandstone, or limestone.
St. Lawrence County, New York 287

Potsdam Series

The Potsdam series consists of very deep, well

drained soils on glacial till plains. These soils formed in

an eolian or fluvial (water-deposited) mantle

overlying dense glacial till. Slopes range from 3 to 35

percent.

Potsdam soils are in a drainage sequence with

moderately well drained Crary soils and somewhat

poorly drained and poorly drained Adirondack soils.

They are also associated with Berkshire, Lyme,

Tughill, and Tunbridge soils. Unlike Berkshire, Lyme,

and Tughill soils, Potsdam soils have a firm, dense

substratum. Also, unlike Potsdam soils, Lyme and

Tughill soils have mottles in the upper part of the

solum. Tunbridge soils are 20 to 40 inches deep to

bedrock, and Potsdam soils are deeper.

Typical pedon of Potsdam very fine sandy loam, in

an area of Potsdam-Tunbridge complex, 15 to 35

percent slopes, very bouldery, in the town of

Piercefield, 100 feet south of New York Route 3 and 1

mile west of Conifer Road:

Oi—0 to 3 inches; black (10YR 2/1) slightly

decomposed forest litter.

Oa—3 to 6 inches; black (5YR 2.5/1) highly

decomposed leaves and twigs.

E—6 to 9 inches; pinkish gray (5YR 6/2) very fine

sandy loam; weak fine subangular blocky

structure; very friable; few coarse and many

medium roots; many fine pores; few coarse and

many medium roots; 2 percent rock fragments;

extremely acid; abrupt irregular boundary.

Bh—9 to 12 inches; dark reddish brown (5YR 2/2) silt

loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure;

friable; common fine and medium roots; common

fine pores; 3 percent rock fragments; very strongly

acid; gradual irregular boundary.

Bs—12 to 22 inches; reddish brown (5YR 4/4) and

strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) silt loam; few fine

distinct dark reddish brown (5YR 3/4) root stains;

moderate medium subangular blocky structure;

friable; common fine pores; few fine and medium

roots; 3 percent rock fragments; very strongly acid;

abrupt wavy boundary.

2BC—22 to 34 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4)

gravelly sandy loam; very weak medium

subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine

pores; 20 percent rock fragments (10 percent fine

gravel and 10 percent stones); very strongly acid;

clear smooth boundary.

2Cd—34 to 72 inches; olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) gravelly

sandy loam; massive; firm; few fine pores;

25 percent rock fragments (15 percent gravel

and cobbles, 10 percent stones); strongly

acid.

Thickness of the solum ranges from 20 to 40

inches. Depth to bedrock is more than 60 inches.

Thickness of the silty mantle ranges from 16 to 40

inches over a substratum of dense glacial till. Rock

fragments, including gravel, cobbles, and stones,

range, by volume, from 0 to 15 percent in the layers

above the substratum and from 10 to 35 percent in the

substratum. In some layers stones make up as much

as 15 percent of the volume.

The O horizon has hue of 10YR to 5YR, value of 2

or 3, and chroma of 1 or 2. Some undisturbed pedons

have an A horizon that has hue of 10YR to 5YR, value

of 2 or 3, and chroma of 1 or 2.

Some cleared areas have an Ap horizon that has

hue of 5YR to 10YR, value of 2 to 4, and chroma of 1

to 3. Texture is very fine sandy loam, loam, or silt loam.

Structure is weak or moderate, fine or medium

granular. Reaction ranges from extremely acid to

moderately acid.

The E horizon has hue of 5YR to 10YR, value of 5

to 7, and chroma of 1 or 2. Texture is fine sandy loam,

very fine sandy loam, loam, or silt loam. Structure is

thin or medium platy, subangular blocky, or fine

granular. Reaction ranges from extremely acid to

moderately acid.

The Bh horizon has hue of 5YR or 7.5YR, value

of 2 or 3, and chroma of 1 or 2. Texture is very fine

sandy loam, loam, or silt loam. Structure is weak or

moderate, fine or medium subangular blocky. Reaction

ranges from very strongly acid to moderately acid.

Some pedons have a Bhs horizon that has chroma

and value of 3.

The Bs horizon has hue of 5YR to 10YR, value of 4

to 6, and chroma of 4 to 8. Texture is very fine sandy

loam, loam, or silt loam, and some pedons have

subhorizons of loamy very fine sand.

The Bs horizon has very weak, weak, or moderate

subangular blocky or granular structure. Reaction

ranges from very strongly acid to moderately acid.

Some pedons have a BC or C horizon below the Bs

horizon.

The 2BC horizon has hue of 7.5YR to 2.5Y, value of

3 to 5, and chroma of 2 to 4. Texture is similar to that

of the 2Cd horizon. Reaction ranges from very

strongly acid to neutral.

Some pedons have a 2E horizon above the 2Cd

horizon.

The 2Cd horizon has hue of 10YR to 5Y, value of 3

to 5, and chroma of 2 to 4. Texture is sandy loam or

fine sandy loam in the fine-earth fraction. Structure is

platy, or the horizon is massive. In some pedons it is

prismatic in the upper part of the substratum. In some
288 Soil Survey

pedons it has layers of loamy sand or gravelly loamy

sand below a depth of 40 inches. Reaction ranges

from strongly acid to slightly alkaline.

Pyrities Series

The Pyrities series consists of very deep, well

drained soils on uplands. These soils formed in loamy,

calcareous glacial till. Slopes range from 3 to 35

percent.

Pyrities soils are in a drainage sequence with

moderately well drained Kalurah soils. They are also

associated with Malone, Nehasne, and Waddington

soils. Unlike Pyrities soils, Malone soils have low

chroma mottles above a depth of 20 inches. Nehasne

soils are 20 to 40 inches deep to bedrock, but Pyrities

soils are deeper. Pyrities soils have less sand and

gravel in the substratum than Waddington soils.

Typical pedon of Pyrities fine sandy loam, 3 to 8

percent slopes, in the town of Canton, near the hamlet

of Langdon Corners, 3.2 miles east of New York Route

11, 200 feet south of New York Route 68:

Ap—0 to 8 inches; dark brown (7.5YR 4/2) fine sandy

loam, pinkish gray (7.5YR 6/2) dry; weak fine and

medium subangular blocky structure; friable;

common fine and medium roots; 10 percent rock

fragments (gravel); neutral; abrupt wavy boundary.

Bw1—8 to 14 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) fine sandy

loam; weak fine and medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; common fine and very fine roots;

common fine and very fine tubular and vesicular

pores; 10 percent rock fragments (gravel); neutral;

gradual wavy boundary.

Bw2—14 to 23 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) fine sandy

loam; weak fine, medium and coarse subangular

blocky structure; friable; common fine and very

fine roots; many very fine and common fine

vesicular and tubular pores; 10 percent rock

fragments (gravel); neutral; gradual wavy

boundary.

Bw3—23 to 30 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/4) fine sandy

loam; weak medium and coarse subangular blocky

structure parting to weak fine subangular blocky;

very friable; few very fine and fine roots; many

very fine and fine pores; common medium

vesicular and tubular pores; 10 percent rock

fragments (gravel); slightly alkaline; gradual wavy

boundary.

BC—30 to 40 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/4) gravelly fine

sandy loam; moderate medium platy structure

parting to weak fine subangular blocky; friable; few

fine roots; common fine pores; 20 percent gravel;

slightly alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.

C1—40 to 44 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/4) gravelly fine

sandy loam; massive parting to medium plates

along depositional planes; firm; common very fine

and fine vesicular and tubular pores; 20 percent

rock fragments (gravel); moderately alkaline;

gradual wavy boundary.

C2—44 to 72 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/2) gravelly fine

sandy loam; massive parting to medium plates

along depositional planes; firm; 30 percent rock

fragments (gravel); slightly effervescent;

moderately alkaline.

Thickness of the solum ranges from 25 to 50

inches. Bedrock is deeper than 60 inches. Depth to

free carbonates ranges from 40 to 80 inches. Rock

fragments range, by volume, from 5 to 15 percent in

the A horizon, 5 to 35 percent in the B horizon, and 5

to 50 percent in the C horizon.

The A horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of

2 to 4, and chroma of 1 to 3. Texture is silt loam or

loam, but in most pedons it is fine sandy loam.

Reaction ranges from moderately acid to neutral.

The Bw horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value 3

to 5, and chroma of 3 to 6. Texture is sandy loam or

loam, but in most pedons it is fine sandy loam.

Reaction ranges from slightly acid to slightly alkaline.

The BC horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of

3 to 5, and chroma of 3 to 6. Texture is fine sandy

loam, sandy loam, or loam. Reaction ranges from

slightly acid to slightly alkaline.

The C horizon has hue of 7.5YR to 2.5Y, value of 3

to 5, and chroma of 2 to 4. Texture is fine sandy loam,

sandy loam, or loam. In some pedons the horizon has

thin layers of loamy sand. Reaction ranges from

slightly acid to moderately alkaline.

Quetico Series

The Quetico series consists of very shallow,

somewhat excessively drained soils that formed in

loamy glacial drift. These soils are on uplands that

have bedrock-controlled relief. Slopes range from 2 to

8 percent.

Quetico soils are associated with Adjidaumo,

Insula, Kalurah, Muskellunge, and Pyrities soils. They

have less clay and are shallower to bedrock than

Adjidaumo and Muskellunge soils. They are also

shallower to bedrock than Insula, Kalurah, and Pyrities

soils.

Typical pedon of Quetico loam, in an area of

Quetico-Rock outcrop-Insula complex, 0 to 8 percent

slopes, in the town of Hammond, 1,400 feet west of

County Road 134 on New Road, 50 feet north of New

Road:
St. Lawrence County, New York 289

Oe—0 to 1 inch; black moderately decomposed

organic matter (mucky peat).

A—1 to 3 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/2) loam; weak fine

granular structure; very friable; many fine and

medium, few coarse roots; 3 percent rock

fragments; strongly acid; abrupt wavy boundary.

Bhs—3 to 5 inches; dark reddish brown (5YR 3/3)

loam; weak fine granular structure; friable; many

fine and medium roots; few coarse roots; 3 percent

rock fragments; strongly acid; clear wavy

boundary.

Bw—5 to 8 inches; reddish brown (5YR 4/4) loam;

weak fine and medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; many fine and medium roots, few

coarse roots; 3 percent rock fragments; strongly

acid.

R—8 inches; sandstone bedrock.

The Bw horizon has lithochromic colors.

Thickness of the solum and depth to bedrock range

from 4 to 10 inches. Texture of the solum is loam, silt

loam, sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or their gravelly

and cobbly analogs. Rock fragments make up from 3

to 35 percent of the volume throughout. Stones and

boulders on or below the surface range from 0 to 3

percent. Reaction is very strongly acid to strongly acid.

Some pedons have an A horizon 1 to 3 inches thick.

It has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 2 to 4, and

chroma of 2.

The Bs or Bhs horizon has hue of 5YR or 7.5YR

and value and chroma of 3 or 4. The Bhs and Bs

horizons typically are about 4 percent but are at least

2 percent.

The Bw horizon, where it occurs, has hue of 10YR

to 5YR, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 3 to 6.

Raquette Series

The Raquette series consists of very deep,

somewhat excessively drained soils formed in watersorted materials on uplands. Slopes range from 0 to

35 percent.

Raquette soils are associated with Grenville,

Nehasne, Pyrities, and Waddington soils. They are

coarser textured than Grenville and Pyrities soils. They

are coarser textured and deeper to bedrock than

Nahasne soils. They have fewer rock fragments in the

solum than Waddington soils.

Typical pedon of Raquette sandy loam, 8 to 15

percent slopes, in the town of Hammond, 100 feet

southeast of junction of Sand Street and Watson

Road:

Ap—0 to 9 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

and dark brown (10YR 3/3) sandy loam; weak

very fine, fine, and medium subangular blocky

structure; very friable; many fine, few medium and

coarse roots; 3 percent rock fragments; neutral;

abrupt smooth boundary.

Bw—9 to 19 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) sandy loam;

weak fine and medium subangular blocky

structure; very friable; many fine and few medium

roots; many fine vesicular pores; 5 percent rock

fragments; neutral; abrupt wavy boundary.

2BC—19 to 25 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR

3/2) and dark brown (10YR 3/3) gravelly loamy

sand; weak fine and medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; many fine roots; common fine

vesicular pores and few fine, medium, and coarse

tubular pores; 30 percent rock fragments; slightly

alkaline; clear irregular boundary.

2C—25 to 72 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) very gravelly

loamy coarse sand; single grain; loose; many fine

roots; 50 percent rock fragments; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Thickness of the solum ranges from 20 to 40

inches. Depth to free carbonates ranges from 15 to 36

inches. Rock fragments, dominantly limestone gravel,

range, by volume, from 3 to 15 percent in the A

horizon, 3 to 35 percent in the solum, and 20 to 60

percent in the substratum.

The Ap horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of

3 to 5, and chroma of 2 or 3. Texture is fine sandy

loam, loamy fine sand, or sandy loam. Reaction

ranges from moderately acid to neutral.

The Bw horizon has hue of 5YR to 10YR, value of 3

to 5, and chroma of 2 to 8. Texture is loamy sand,

loamy fine sand, fine sandy loam, or sandy loam in the

fine-earth fraction. It has weak or very weak, granular

or subangular blocky structure. Reaction ranges from

slightly acid to slightly alkaline.

The BC horizon has hue of 5YR to 10YR, value of 3

to 5, chroma of 2 to 8. Texture is fine sandy loam or

sandy loam in the fine-earth fraction. Reaction ranges

from neutral to slightly alkaline.

The C horizon has hue of 5YR to 10YR, value of 3

to 7, and chroma of 2 to 4. In some pedons texture is

loamy sand, loamy coarse sand, loamy fine sand, or

sand in the fine-earth fraction, and some pedons have

thin strata of sandy loam and fine sandy loam. Texture

is neutral to moderately alkaline.

Redwater Series

The Redwater series consists of deep, somewhat

poorly drained soils that formed in recent alluvium

along streams with bedrock-controlled stream

gradients. Slopes range from 0 to 3 percent.
290 Soil Survey

Redwater soils are associated with Adams,

Adjidaumo, and Croghan soils. Redwater soils are not

as sandy in the solum as Adams and Croghan soils.

Redwater soils are coarser textured in the subsoil than

Adjidaumo soils.

Typical pedon of Redwater fine sandy loam, in the

town of Louisville, 30 feet south of the Grasse River,

1,200 feet east of Town Line Road Bridge:

Ap—0 to 7 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

fine sandy loam; weak fine granular structure;

friable; many very fine, fine, and medium roots;

slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

Bw1—7 to 19 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) fine

sandy loam; many coarse faint very dark grayish

brown (10YR 3/2) mottles and common fine faint

dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) mottles; weak

fine and medium subangular blocky structure;

friable; many very fine, fine, and medium and few

coarse roots; many fine vesicular pores and few

fine medium and coarse tubular pores; slightly

acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bw2—19 to 30 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) fine

sandy loam; many coarse faint very dark grayish

brown (10YR 3/2) and common medium faint dark

yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) mottles; very weak

coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate

coarse subangular blocky; friable; common fine

and medium and few coarse roots; many very fine,

common fine and medium, and few coarse tubular

pores; neutral; clear wavy boundary.

BC—30 to 38 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR

4/2) and dark brown (10YR 4/3) fine sandy loam;

common medium faint dark yellowish brown

(10YR 4/4), common fine faint grayish brown

(10YR 5/2), and common fine prominent strong

brown (7.5YR 4/6) mottles; very weak coarse

prismatic structure parting to weak medium and

coarse subangular blocky; friable; common fine

and few medium and coarse roots; many fine and

few medium tubular pores; slightly acid; clear wavy

boundary.

C—38 to 50 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) and

light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) fine sandy loam;

many coarse distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

mottles; massive; friable; common fine and few

medium and coarse roots; many fine tubular

pores; few thin lenses of sand less than 1

/2 inches

thick; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.

R—50 inches; hard limestone bedrock.

Thickness of the solum ranges from 20 to 40

inches. Depth to bedrock ranges from 40 to 60 inches.

Rock fragments, mostly gravel-size limestone, range,

by volume, from 0 to 15 percent in the A and B

horizons and from 0 to 50 percent in the C horizon.

The A horizon has hue of 10YR, value 3 or 4, and

chroma of 2 or 3. Texture is silt loam, fine sandy loam,

sandy loam, or loam in the fine-earth fraction.

Reaction is strongly acid to slightly acid.

The Bw horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of

3 or 4, and chroma of 2 to 4. Texture is loam in the

fine-earth fraction, but in most pedons it is fine sandy

loam. In some pedons it has thin subhorizons of silt

loam, loamy sand, or loamy fine sand. Reaction is

slightly acid or neutral.

The BC horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of

3 or 4, chroma of 2 to 4. Texture is fine sandy loam or

loam in the fine-earth fraction. Reaction is slightly acid

or neutral.

The C horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of

4 to 7, and chroma of 2 to 4. Texture is fine sandy

loam, loamy sand, loamy fine sand, fine sand, or sand

in the fine-earth fraction. In most pedons it is stratified.

Reaction is slightly acid or neutral.

Ricker Series

The Ricker series consists of very shallow and

shallow, well drained to excessively drained soils

formed in organic material 2 to 26 inches thick

overlying bedrock. These soils are on tops and side

slopes of hills and mountains. Slopes range from 3 to

60 percent.

Ricker soils are associated with Lyman, Potsdam,

and Tunbridge soils. Unlike Ricker soils, Lyman,

Potsdam, and Tunbridge soils have a thick mineral

horizon above bedrock and Potsdam soils are also

very deep to bedrock.

Typical pedon of Ricker mucky peat, in an area of

Tunbridge-Borosaprists-Ricker complex, rolling, very

rocky, in the town of Pitcairn, 900 feet east of roadside

pile of spoil, at Jayville:

Oi—0 to 1 inch; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

broken face fibric material (peat), dark brown

(10YR 3/3) rubbed; fibric material; about 85

percent fibers, 75 percent rubbed; massive; loose;

many roots, mainly tree masts; extremely acid;

abrupt smooth boundary.

Oe—1 to 3 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/4)

broken face hemic material (mucky peat), very

dark brown rubbed; about 50 percent fibers, 35

percent rubbed; massive; friable; common fine and

medium roots; extremely acid; abrupt smooth

boundary.

C—3 to 4 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

loamy sand; massive, single grain; very friable;

very strongly acid.
St. Lawrence County, New York 291

R—4 inches; granitic gneiss.

Depth to bedrock ranges from 2 to 26 inches. In

most pedons very thin mineral horizons interface with

bedrock. Rock fragments range to 50 percent in the

mineral horizons. The organic horizons are extremely

acid and the mineral horizon is extremely acid or very

strongly acid.

The Oi horizon has hue of 2.5YR to 10YR, value of

2 or 4, and chroma of 1 to 4. It consists of slightly

decomposed leaves, needles, twigs, and moss.

The Oe horizon is neutral or has hue of 2.5YR to

10YR, value of 2 or 3, and chroma of 1 to 6, or it is

neutral. It consists of moderately decomposed organic

matter.

The Oa horizon, where it occurs, has hue of 2.5YR

to 10YR, value of 2 to 6, and chroma of 0 to 2. It

consists of highly decomposed organic matter.

The E, Bh, Bhs, or C horizon is mineral, and has

hue of 5YR to 5B, value of 2 to 7, and chroma of 1 to

3. Texture is coarse sand, sand, loamy sand, loamy

fine sand, sandy loam, fine sandy loam, very fine

sandy loam, loam, or silt loam.

Roundabout Series

The Roundabout series consists of very deep,

poorly drained and somewhat poorly drained soils

formed in glaciolacustrine and glaciomarine

sediments. These soils are on old lake or marine

plains or on valley floors on uplands. Slopes range

from 0 to 6 percent.

Roundabout soils are in a drainage sequence with

well drained Salmon soils and moderately well drained

Nicholville soils. They also are associated with

Hailesboro, Naumburg, and Wegatchie soils. They are

coarser textured in the subsoil than Hailesboro and

Wegatchie soils. They are not as sandy in the subsoil

as Naumburg soils.

Typical pedon of Roundabout silt loam, 0 to 2

percent slopes, in the town of Edwards, 3,200 feet

east of junction of Sullivan Road and Berg Road

on Sullivan Road, 125 feet north of road, in

meadow:

Ap—0 to 10 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR

3/2) silt loam; moderate medium granular

structure; friable; many fine roots; slightly acid;

clear smooth boundary.

Bw1—10 to 17 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) silt loam;

many medium faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2) and

yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) and many medium

distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) mottles;

moderate medium subangular blocky structure;

friable; common fine roots; many fine tubular and

vesicular, few coarse pores; slightly acid; clear

wavy boundary.

Bg—17 to 23 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silt

loam; many coarse faint brown (10YR 5/3) and

many medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

and brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) mottles; weak

coarse prismatic structure parting to weak thick

platy; friable; few fine roots; common fine tubular,

few fine vesicular, and few coarse pores; slightly

acid; clear wavy boundary.

BCg—23 to 31 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silt

loam; common coarse faint brown (10YR 5/3) and

light brownish gray (10YR 6/2), common coarse

distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4), and common

medium distinct brownish yellow (10YR 6/6)

mottles; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to

weak thick platy; friable; few fine roots; few fine

vesicular, few fine tubular, and few coarse pores;

slightly acid; clear wavy boundary.

C1—31 to 55 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2)

silt loam; common medium distinct yellowish

brown (10YR 5/8) and brownish yellow (10YR

6/6), common medium distinct brown (10YR 5/3),

and common grayish brown (10YR 5/2) mottles;

weak thick platy structure; friable; few fine tubular

and few coarse vesicular and tubular pores;

neutral; clear wavy boundary.

C2—55 to 72 inches; grayish brown (10YR 6/2) silt

loam; weak thick platy structure; firm; few fine

vesicular and tubular pores; moderately alkaline;

strongly effervescent (calcareous).

Thickness of the solum ranges from 16 to 35

inches. Depth to bedrock is more than 60 inches. Rock

fragments, mostly pebbles, make up less than 5

percent of the volume. Reaction ranges from very

strongly acid to slightly acid in the solum and from

moderately acid to neutral in the C horizon. In some

pedons reaction ranges to moderately alkaline below a

depth of 40 inches.

The Oa horizon, where it occurs, has hue of 5YR to

10YR, value of 2 or 3, and chroma of 1 or 2. Structure

is weak or moderate, very fine to medium, granular.

The Ap horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 3 or 4,

and chroma of 2 to 4. Structure is weak to strong, fine

or medium granular.

The A horizon, where it occurs, has hue of 7.5YR or

10YR, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 1 or 2. Structure

is weak or moderate very fine to medium granular or

subangular blocky.

The E horizon, where it occurs, has hue of 5Y,

value of 5 to 7, and chroma of 1 or 2. Structure is

weak or moderate, thin or medium platy, or weak fine

granular. Texture in the A and E horizons is silt loam or
292 Soil Survey

very fine sandy loam. Consistence is very friable or

friable.

The B horizon has hue of 10YR to 5Y, value of 3 to

6, and chroma of 2 to 4. It has faint to prominent

mottling. Texture is silt loam or very fine sandy loam. In

most pedons structure is weak or moderate, thin to

thick platy, moderate very fine to medium subangular

blocky, or weak fine granular, but in some pedons it is

weak coarse or very coarse prismatic. Consistence is

friable or firm.

The C horizon has hue of 10YR to 5Y, value of 4 to

6, and chroma of 1 to 4. Texture is silt loam or very fine

sandy loam, and some pedons have thin strata

ranging from silt to fine sand. In some pedons texture

is fine sand and gravelly sand below a depth of 40

inches. It has faint to prominent mottles. Structure is

weak or moderate, thin to thick platy, weak medium to

very coarse prismatic, or the horizon is massive.

Consistence is loose to very firm.

Runeberg Series

The Runeberg series consists of very deep, poorly

drained and very poorly drained soils formed in loamy

glacial till. These soils are on glacial moraines and in

basins on uplands. Slopes range from 0 to 2 percent.

Runeberg soils are in a drainage sequence with

well drained Grenville soils, moderately well drained

Hogansburg soils, and somewhat poorly drained

Malone soils. They are also associated with

Adjidaumo, Cook, Dorval, and Deford soils. Runeberg

soils are coarser textured than Adjidaumo soils. They

are finer textured in the solum than Cook and Deford

soils. Unlike Runeberg soils, which are mineral, Dorval

soils are organic.

Typical pedon of Runeberg loam, in the town of

Pierrepont, 0.7 mile southwest on Noyes Road from

intersection with Parmenter Road, to powerline, then

170 feet southeast along powerline path, then 25 feet

north of path, in opening in brush:

Ap—0 to 10 inches; very dark brown (10YR 2/2) loam,

grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; weak medium and

fine granular structure; very friable; common fine

and medium roots; 5 percent rock fragments

(gravels and cobbles); slightly acid; clear wavy

boundary.

Bg1—10 to 15 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2)

sandy loam; common medium faint light brownish

gray (10YR 6/2), few fine distinct yellowish brown

(10YR 5/8), and common medium faint yellowish

brown (10YR 5/4) mottles; weak fine subangular

blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; 12 percent

rock fragments (gravels and cobbles); neutral;

clear wavy boundary.

Bg2—15 to 24 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2)

sandy loam; common medium distinct dark

yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) and common medium

faint brown (10YR 5/3) mottles; some light

brownish gray (10YR 6/2) plate faces; weak thick

platy structure parting to weak medium

subangular blocky; friable; 12 percent rock

fragments (gravels and cobbles); neutral; clear

wavy boundary;

C—24 to 72 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) sandy

loam; common medium distinct gray (10YR 6/1),

grayish brown (10YR 5/2), and yellowish brown

(10YR 5/4), and common fine prominent strong

brown (7.5YR 5/6) mottles; gravelly sandy loam;

massive; friable; 12 percent gravel and cobbles;

slightly alkaline; slightly effervescent.

Thickness of solum and depth to free carbonates

range from 24 to 36 inches. Rock fragments of mixed

lithology make up 3 to 15 percent of the volume in the

solum and the C horizon. The mollic epipedon ranges

from 8 to 20 inches thick. The control section averages

between 8 to 18 percent clay and 50 to 70 percent

sand. Some pedons have an 0 horizon less than 4

inches thick.

The A horizon has hue of 10YR to 5Y, value of 2 or

3, and chroma of 1 or 2, or it is neutral and value is 2

or 3. In some pedons it has mottles. Texture is sandy

loam, fine sandy loam, or loam. Reaction is slightly

acid or neutral.

The B horizon has hue of 10YR to 5Y, value of 4 or

5, and chroma of 1 or 2. It has faint to prominent

mottles throughout. Texture is sandy loam or loam.

Reaction is slightly acid or neutral.

The C horizon has hue of 10YR to 5Y, value of 5 or

6, and chroma of 1 to 3. It has faint to prominent

mottles. Reaction is slightly alkaline or moderately

alkaline.

Salmon Series

The Salmon series consists of very deep, well

drained soils formed in wind- or water-deposited silt

and very fine sand. These soils are on uplands, but

mostly on lake plains. Slopes range from 0 to 15

percent.

Salmon soils are in a drainage sequence with

moderately well drained Nicholville soils and poorly

drained and somewhat poorly drained Roundabout

soils. They are also associated with Adams, Colton,

Crary, and Potsdam soils. They are not as coarse

textured as Adams and Colton soils. Unlike Salmon

soils, Crary and Potsdam soils have a firm, till

substratum within a depth of 40 inches.

Typical pedon of Salmon very fine sandy loam,
St. Lawrence County, New York 293

rolling, in the town of Pierrepont, 3,520 feet southsoutheast of junction of O’Brien Road and Beech

Plains Road, and 1,600 feet west of junction of Selleck

Road and Russell-Pierrepont Road (County Route

40), at edge of large gravel pit:

Ap—0 to 6 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) very

fine sandy loam; weak fine and medium

subangular blocky structure; friable; many fine and

few medium roots; strongly acid; abrupt wavy

boundary.

E—6 to 13 inches; pinkish gray (7.5YR 7/2) very fine

sandy loam; single grain; friable; few fine and

medium roots; strongly acid; abrupt wavy

boundary.

Bs1—13 to 19 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) very fine

sandy loam, strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) dry; weak

fine and medium subangular blocky structure;

friable; few fine and medium roots; few fine and

medium tubular pores; strongly acid; clear wavy

boundary.

Bs2—19 to 25 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam,

yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) dry; weak fine and

medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few

fine roots; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

BC—25 to 30 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam,

yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) dry; weak thin platy

structure; friable; few fine roots; strongly acid; clear

wavy boundary.

C—30 to 72 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silt

loam, pale brown (10YR 6/3) dry; weak thin platy

structure; friable; moderately acid.

Thickness of the solum ranges from 20 to 30

inches. Depth to bedrock is greater than 60 inches.

Depth to contrasting coarse textured material is more

than 40 inches. Rock fragments, mostly gravel, range,

by volume, from 0 to 10 percent throughout.

The Ap or A horizon is neutral or has hue of 10YR

or 7.5YR, value of 2 to 4, and chroma of 0 to 4. Texture

is silt loam or very fine sandy loam. In unlimed areas

reaction ranges from extremely acid to moderately

acid. Most pedons have an E horizon 1 to 7 inches

thick. Some undisturbed pedons have an 0 horizon 1

to 4 inches thick and a Bh or Bhs horizon 1 to 4 inches

thick.

The upper part of the Bs horizon has hue of 5YR to

10YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 4 to 8, and the

lower part has hue of 7.5YR to 5Y, value of 3 to 5, and

chroma of 3 to 6. Texture is silt loam or very fine sandy

loam. Consistence is friable or very friable. Reaction

ranges from extremely acid to moderately acid.

Most pedons have a BC horizon that has hue of

7.5YR to 5Y, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 2 to 4.

The C or 2C horizon has hue of 10YR to 5Y, value

of 4 to 6, and chroma of 2 to 4. Texture is very fine

sandy loam or silt loam above a depth of 36 inches

and sandy loam to silt loam below. The horizons are

massive or have platy structure from depositional

layers. Reaction ranges from strongly acid to slightly

acid.

Searsport Series

The Searsport series consists of very deep, very

poorly drained soils formed in thick sandy deposits in

pockets and depressions on outwash plains, deltas,

and terraces. Slopes range from 0 to 3 percent.

Searsport soils are in a drainage sequence with

somewhat excessively drained and excessively

drained Adams soils, moderately well drained Croghan

soils, and poorly drained and somewhat poorly

drained Naumburg soils. They are also associated with

Dawson, Dorval, Grenville, Pyrities, Potsdam, and

Tughill soils. Searsport soils have a mineral solum at a

depth above 16 inches, but Dawson and Dorval soils

have organic layers at a depth of more than 16 inches.

Searsport soils have fewer rock fragments than

Grenville, Pyrities, Potsdam, or Tughill soils.

Typical pedon of Searsport muck, in the town of

Colton, 3.25 miles south, 78 degrees west from Cold

Pond, along New York Route 56, about 4 miles south

of South Colton:

Oa—0 to 6 inches; black sapric material (muck);

common fine roots; strongly acid; abrupt smooth

boundary.

A—6 to 10 inches; black (10YR 2/1) mucky loamy fine

sand; weak fine granular structure; very friable;

common fine and medium roots; strongly acid;

abrupt smooth boundary.

Eg1—10 to 12 inches; dark gray (5Y 4/1) loamy fine

sand; very weak fine granular structure parting to

single grain; very friable; few fine and medium

roots; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

Eg2—12 to 22 inches; gray (5Y 5/1) loamy sand;

single grain; loose; few fine roots; very strongly

acid; clear wavy boundary.

Cg1—22 to 34 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) loamy

fine sand; many medium distinct dark yellowish

brown mottles; single grain; loose; few fine roots; 5

percent rock fragments, mostly gravel; very

strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

Cg2—34 to 72 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2)

stratified layers of fine sand, sand, and gravelly

sand; common medium distinct dark yellowish

brown and olive brown mottles in the upper part,

decreasing in size and number with depth; single

grain; loose; 10 percent rock fragments, mostly

gravel; very strongly acid.
294 Soil Survey

Rock fragments, mostly gravel, range, by volume,

from 0 to 15 percent in the particle-size control section

and from 0 to 45 percent below. Reaction ranges from

very strongly acid to slightly acid throughout.

The Oa horizon is neutral or has hue of 5YR to 5Y,

value of 2 or 3, and chroma of 0 to 2. Some pedons

have an Oe horizon.

The A horizon has hue of 5YR to 5Y, value of 2 to 4,

and chroma of 1 or 2. Texture is loamy sand, sand,

sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or loamy fine sand or

their mucky analog. It has weak or moderate, fine or

medium granular structure or is single grain.

The Eg horizon, where it occurs, has hue of 10YR

to 5Y, value of 4 to 7, and chroma of 0 or 1. Texture is

fine sandy loam to sand.

The C horizon is neutral or has hue of 10YR to 5Y,

value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 0 to 4. It has chroma of

3 or 4 generally below a depth of 30 inches. In most

pedons it has mottling that is faint to prominent, few to

many, and fine to coarse. In most pedons texture is

loamy fine sand, loamy sand, fine sand, sand, or

coarse sand in the fine-earth fraction, but some

pedons are stratified.

Stockholm Series

The Stockholm series consists of very deep, poorly

drained soils formed in sandy deposits that overlie

clayey marine sediments. These soils are nearly level

on marine plains. Slopes range from 0 to 3 percent.

Stockholm soils are in a drainage sequence with

moderately well drained Flackville soils. They are also

associated with Adjidaumo, Muskellunge, Naumburg,

and Swanton soils. Unlike clayey Adjidaumo and

Muskellunge soils, Stockholm soils have a sandy

solum. Stockholm soils are finer textured in the

substratum than Naumburg soils. Stockholm soils are

coarser textured in the solum than Swanton soils.

Typical pedon of Stockholm loamy fine sand, in the

town of Canton, 130 feet southeast from a point on

County Road 186, 0.86 mile southwest of junction of

New York Route 68 and County Road 186, in an

abandoned field:

Ap—0 to 10 inches; dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) loamy fine

sand, brown (7.5YR 5/2) dry; few medium distinct

strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) mottles; weak fine and

medium subangular blocky structure; friable;

common fine and medium roots; common medium

tubular pores; strongly acid; abrupt smooth

boundary.

Bh—10 to 12 inches; dark reddish brown (5YR 3/3)

loamy fine sand; common fine distinct strong

brown (7.5YR 5/6) mottles; weak fine and medium

subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine

and medium roots; common fine and medium

tubular pores; few fine nodules; moderately acid;

clear wavy boundary.

Bs—12 to 20 inches; 60 percent friable yellowish

brown (10YR 5/4) fine sand, 40 percent firm dark

reddish brown (5YR 3/4) fine sand; common

medium and coarse distinct strong brown (7.5YR

4/6, 5/6) mottles; weak fine and medium

subangular blocky structure; some cemented and

massive parts; many fine roots; few fine tubular

pores and common fine vesicular pores;

moderately acid; abrupt wavy boundary.

BCg—20 to 23 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2)

fine sand; common medium and coarse distinct

strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) mottles; weak fine and

medium subangular blocky structure; friable;

common fine roots; few fine tubular and vesicular

pores; moderately acid; abrupt broken boundary.

2BCg—23 to 30 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) clay; many

coarse distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) and

common medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR

5/4) mottles; weak medium prismatic structure

parting to moderate fine and medium subangular

blocky; firm; common fine and medium roots along

prism faces; common fine and medium vesicular

pores; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) fine sandy loam

coatings on faces of prisms; slightly acid; clear

irregular boundary.

2Cg—30 to 58 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) clay; many

coarse distinct dark brown (10YR 4/3) and few fine

distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) mottles;

moderate coarse prismatic structure; firm; few fine

roots on prism faces; few fine vesicular pores;

neutral; clear wavy boundary.

2C—58 to 72 inches; dark brown (10YR 4/3) clay

loam; common coarse faint gray (10YR 5/1) and

common fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

mottles; moderate coarse prismatic structure; firm;

few fine roots on prism faces; few fine vesicular

pores; dark gray (10YR 4/1) prism faces; 3 percent

rock fragments; neutral.

Thickness of the solum and depth to the underlying,

fine textured material ranges from 17 to 39 inches.

Depth to bedrock is greater than 6 feet. The soils have

few or no rock fragments.

The A or Ap horizon has hue of 5YR to 10YR, value

of 2 or 3, and chroma of 1 or 2. Texture is fine sandy

loam, sandy loam, loamy sand, loamy fine sand, fine

sand, or sand. Reaction varies with cultivation and

liming practices and ranges from extremely acid to

moderately acid.

The Bh horizon has hue of 5YR or 7.5YR, value of
St. Lawrence County, New York 295

2 or 3, and chroma of 1 to 3. Texture is loamy sand,

loamy fine sand, fine sand, or sand. Reaction is

strongly acid or moderately acid.

The Bs horizon has hue of 5YR or 7.5YR, value of 3

or 4, and chroma of 3 to 6. Texture is loamy sand,

loamy fine sand, fine sand, or sand. Reaction is

strongly acid or moderately acid.

The Bg horizon has hue of 7.5YR to 2.5Y, value of 4

to 6, and chroma of 1 or 2. Texture is loamy fine sand

or sand in the upper part of the horizon and silty clay

or clay in the lower part. Reaction is strongly acid or

moderately acid in the upper part of the horizon and

ranges to slightly acid in the lower part.

The 2C horizon has hue of 10YR to 5Y, value of 3

to 5, and chroma of 1 to 4. Texture is silty clay loam,

clay loam, silty clay, or clay. Reaction ranges from

neutral to moderately alkaline.

Summerville Series

The Summerville series consists of shallow, well

drained soils formed in loamy materials overlying

limestone on moraines, glacial lake benches, and

bedrock-controlled uplands. Slopes range from 0 to 35

percent.

Summerville soils are in a drainage sequence with

poorly drained Hannawa soils. They are also

associated with Adjidaumo, Gouverneur, Grenville,

Hogansburg, Muskellunge, and Nehasne soils. They

are shallower to bedrock than Gouverneur, Grenville,

Hogansburg, and Nehasne soils. They are shallower to

bedrock and have coarser textures in the solum than

Adjidaumo and Muskellunge soils. Gouverneur soils

are shallower to bedrock than Summerville soils.

Summerville soils are shallower to bedrock than

Grenville, Hogansburg, and Nehasne soils.

Typical pedon of Summerville fine sandy loam, in

an area of Summerville-Gouverneur complex, 0 to 8

percent slopes, rocky, in the town of Oswegatchie, 800

feet south of junction of Eelweir Road and Black Lake

Road, 100 feet north of evergreen hedge:

Ap—0 to 6 inches; strong brown (10YR 3/3) fine sandy

loam; weak medium granular structure; friable;

many fine and medium roots; 5 percent rock

fragments; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

Bw1—6 to 10 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) fine

sandy loam; weak medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; common fine and few medium

roots; 5 percent rock fragments; neutral; clear

smooth boundary.

Bw2—10 to 12 inches; dark brown (7.5YR 4/4) fine

sandy loam; weak medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; many fine roots; 5 percent rock

fragments; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.

R—12 inches; dolomitic limestone bedrock.

Thickness of the solum and depth to limestone

range from 10 to 20 inches. Reaction ranges from

slightly acid to moderately alkaline throughout. Rock

fragments larger than 3 inches in diameter range, by

volume, from 0 to 15 percent in the A horizon. Gravelsize rock fragments range, by volume, from 0 to 5

percent throughout. Texture throughout is sandy loam,

fine sandy loam, very fine sandy loam, silt loam, loam,

or their cobbly or channery analogs.

Some pedons have an Ap horizon that is 4 to 9

inches thick. The A or Ap horizon has hue of 5YR,

7.5YR, or 10YR or is neutral; value is 2 or 3 and

chroma is 0 to 3.

Some pedons have an E horizon that has hue of

7.5YR or 10YR, value of 5 to 7, and chroma of 2 or 3.

The Bw horizon has hue of 5YR, 7.5YR, or 10YR,

value of 3 to 6, and chroma of 2 to 4. In some pedons

a calcareous layer is immediately above bedrock. It is

1 to 3 inches thick and is likely residuum derived from

limestone.

Sunapee Series

The Sunapee series consists of very deep,

moderately well drained soils on till plains. These soils

formed in gneiss-rich glacial till deposits. Slopes range

from 3 to 15 percent.

Sunapee soils are in a drainage sequence with well

drained Berkshire soils, poorly drained Lyme soils, and

very poorly drained Tughill soils. They are closely

associated with Colton, Crary, and Potsdam soils.

Unlike Sunapee soils, Potsdam and Crary soils have a

dense, brittle, very firm substratum. Sunapee soils are

less gravelly than Colton soils.

Typical pedon of Sunapee fine sandy loam, in an

area of Sunapee and Berkshire soils, 3 to 8 percent

slopes, very bouldery, in the town of Hopkinton, 2,600

feet south-southeast of junction of Elliot Road and

New York Route 11B:

Oe—0 to 1 inch; black moderately decomposed forest

litter; abrupt wavy boundary.

A—1 to 4 inches; black (10YR 2/1) fine sandy loam;

weak fine and medium granular structure; friable;

many fine and medium roots; 5 percent rock

fragments, mostly gravel; very strongly acid;

diffuse wavy boundary.

Bhs—4 to 7 inches; dark reddish brown (5YR 3/2) fine

sandy loam; weak fine and medium subangular

blocky structure; friable; common medium roots;

common gray (5YR 6/1) stripped sand grains on

faces of peds; 5 percent rock fragments, mostly

gravel; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
296 Soil Survey

Bsl—7 to 13 inches; dark reddish brown (5YR 3/3) fine

sandy loam; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; few medium roots; 5 percent rock

fragments (3 percent stones, 2 percent gravel);

strongly acid, clear wavy boundary.

Bs2—13 to 17 inches; reddish brown (5YR 4/3) fine

sandy loam; few medium distinct reddish yellow

(5YR 6/8) mottles; moderate fine and medium

subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine and

medium roots; 5 percent rock fragments, mostly

gravel; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

BC—17 to 23 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

fine sandy loam; moderate fine and medium

angular blocky structure; friable; few medium

roots; 5 percent rock fragments, mostly gravel;

strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

C—23 to 72 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2)

fine sandy loam; many coarse faint brown (10YR

5/3) mottles; massive; friable; 5 percent rock

fragments, mostly gravel and cobbles; strongly

acid.

Thickness of the solum ranges from 18 to 36

inches.

Thickness of the spodic horizon ranges from 7 to 25

inches. Rock fragments make up 5 to 15 percent of the

volume in the A horizon and from 5 to 30 percent in

the B and C horizons. Depth to distinct or prominent

mottling ranges from 14 to 26 inches.

The A horizon has hue of 5YR to 10YR, value of 2

or 3, and chroma of 1 or 2. Texture is fine sandy loam,

loam, or their gravelly analog. Reaction ranges from

extremely acid to strongly acid.

The Bs horizon is 5YR to 10YR, value of 3 to 5, and

chroma of 3 to 6. In the lower part it has distinct or

prominent mottles. Texture in the B horizon is fine

sandy loam or sandy loam throughout. Reaction

ranges from extremely acid to strongly acid

throughout.

The C horizon has hue of 10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y; value

is 4 to 6 and chroma is 2 to 4. Typically, it is mottled.

Texture is fine sandy loam, sandy loam, or their

gravelly or cobbly analogs. Loamy sand, loamy fine

sand, or their gravelly or cobbly analogs are allowed

below a depth of 30 inches. Consistence is very friable

or friable.

Swanton Series

The Swanton series consists of very deep,

somewhat poorly drained and poorly drained soils

formed in a thin mantle of loamy outwash materials

over clayey marine or lacustrine sediments. These

soils are somewhat poorly drained, but are dominantly

poorly drained. They are on marine plains, lake plains,

outwash plains, or deltas. Slopes range from 0 to 3

percent.

Swanton soils are in a drainage sequence with

moderately well drained Elmwood soils and very

poorly drained Munuscong soils. They are also

associated with Adjidaumo, Deford, Muskellunge, and

Stockholm soils. Swanton soils are coarser textured in

the solum than Adjidaumo and Muskellunge soils.

Unlike Deford soils, Swanton soils have a clayey

substratum. Swanton soils are finer textured in the

solum than Stockholm soils.

Typical pedon of Swanton fine sandy loam, in the

town of Canton, 3

/4 mile northwest on New York Route

68 from intersection with Pike Road, 300 feet

northeast into field:

Ap—0 to 8 inches; very dark brown (10YR 2/2) fine

sandy loam; weak fine and medium structure;

friable; many fine and common medium roots;

slightly acid; abrupt wavy boundary.

Bw1—8 to 16 inches; olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) fine

sandy loam; few fine prominent brown (7.5YR 4/4)

and few fine distinct light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

mottles; weak fine subangular blocky structure;

very friable; common fine and few medium roots;

few medium pores; slightly acid; clear wavy

boundary.

Bw2—16 to 26 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) fine

sandy loam; common medium prominent strong

brown (7.5YR 5/6) and reddish brown (5YR 5/4)

and common medium distinct yellowish brown

(10YR 5/6) and few fine faint light brownish gray

(10YR 6/2) mottles; moderate medium subangular

blocky structure; friable; few fine and medium

roots; common fine and medium pores; slightly

acid; clear wavy boundary.

2C1—26 to 41 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) silty clay

loam; many medium distinct light brownish gray

(10YR 6/2) and common medium distinct dark

yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) mottles; discontinuous

moderate medium and thick platy structure and

clay skins on plate faces; friable; few roots; few

fine, medium, and coarse pores; slightly acid;

gradual wavy boundary.

2C2—41 to 72 inches; dark grayish brown (10 YR 6/2)

silty clay; few fine prominent reddish brown (5YR

4/4) mottles; moderate medium thick platy

structure with thin discontinuous clay skins on

plate faces; firm; neutral.

Thickness of the coarse-loamy mantle ranges from

18 to 40 inches. Depth to bedrock is more than 60

inches. Rock fragments range, by volume, from 0 to 3

percent in the coarse-loamy mantle. Reaction ranges

from strongly acid to neutral in the coarse-loamy
St. Lawrence County, New York 297

mantle and from moderately acid to moderately

alkaline below.

The Ap or A horizon has hue of 7.5YR to 2.5Y,

value of 2 to 4, and chroma of 1 or 2. The E horizon,

where it occurs, has hue of 10YR to 5Y, value of 5 or

6, and chroma of 2.

The A horizon is very fine sandy loam, fine sandy

loam, or sandy loam. Structure is weak or moderate,

very fine to medium granular.

The B horizon has hue of 7.5YR to 5Y, value of 3 to

6, and chroma of 1 to 4. It has distinct and prominent

mottles. Texture is fine sandy loam or sandy loam, but

some pedons have thin subhorizons of loamy fine

sand. Structure is weak, very fine or fine granular or

moderate medium subangular blocky.

The E horizon, where it occurs, has hue of 2.5Y or

5Y, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 2 or 3. It has faint to

prominent mottles. Texture of the E’ horizon is fine

sandy loam or sandy loam, but some pedons have

a thin E’ horizon of loamy fine sand. Structure is

weak fine granular or weak or moderate, thin to thick

platy.

The 2B’ horizon, where it occurs, has hue of 10YR

to 5Y, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 2 to 4. It has faint

to prominent mottles. The 2B’ horizon is heavy silty

clay loam, silty clay, or clay. Structure is weak or

moderate, thin to very thick platy or weak or moderate,

very fine to medium subangular or angular blocky.

The 2C horizon has hue of 10YR to 5GY, value of 4

to 6, and chroma of 0 to 4. In some pedons it has faint

or distinct mottles. The 2C horizon is heavy silty clay

loam, silty clay, or clay. It has weak thin to very thick

platy inherited structure or is massive.

Trout River Series

The Trout River series consists of very deep,

excessively drained soils formed in water-sorted

material. They are on ancient beaches and terraces.

Slopes range from 0 to 8 percent.

Trout River soils are in a drainage sequence with

moderately well drained Fahey soils, somewhat poorly

drained Coveytown soils, and very poorly drained and

poorly drained Cook soils. They are also associated

with Adams, Croghan, Dorval, Naumburg, Pyrities,

and Searsport soils. Trout River soils have more gravel

throughout the control section than associated soils

have.

Typical pedon of Trout River loamy sand, 3 to 8

percent slopes, in the town of Lawrence, 12 feet west

of U.S. Route 11, 0.9 mile south in the town of

Lawrence, 4,750 feet north of Coteys Corners:

Ap—0 to 6 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

loamy sand, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry;

weak fine and medium granular structure; friable;

10 percent rock fragments; strongly acid; abrupt

smooth boundary.

Bs1—8 to 14 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) very gravelly

loamy sand; weak fine subangular blocky

structure; very friable; few medium tubular pores;

40 percent rock fragments; strongly acid; clear

wavy boundary.

Bs2—14 to 22 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR

4/4) very gravelly loamy sand; weak medium

subangular blocky structure; very friable; few

medium vesicular pores; 50 percent rock

fragments; strongly acid; abrupt irregular

boundary.

BC—22 to 33 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

gravelly loamy sand; single grain; loose; 30

percent rock fragments; strongly acid; clear

irregular boundary.

C—33 to 72 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) very

gravelly loamy sand; single grain; loose; 45

percent rock fragments; moderately acid.

Thickness of the solum ranges from 24 to 36

inches. Rock fragments range, by volume, from 0 to 15

percent in the A horizon, 25 to 55 percent in the B

horizon, and 35 to 70 percent in the C horizon. Some

pedons have carbonates within. Depth to bedrock is

greater than 60 inches.

The A horizon has hue of 7.5YR to 2.5Y, value of

2 to 5, and chroma of 1 to 3. Texture ranges from fine

sandy loam to loamy sand. The horizon has granular

structure or is single grain. Consistence is friable

to loose. Reaction is very strongly acid or strongly

acid.

The E horizon, where it occurs, ranges from 1 to 4

inches thick. It has hue of 5YR to 10YR, value of 5 to

7, and chroma of 2 or 3.

The Bh horizon, where it occurs, ranges from 1 to 3

inches thick. It has hue of 2.5YR to 10YR, value of 2 or

3, and chroma of 1 to 4. Reaction ranges from strongly

acid to neutral.

The Bs horizon has hue of 5YR to 10YR, value of 4

to 6, and chroma of 3 to 8. Texture is gravelly or very

gravelly loamy sand or sand. The horizon is single

grain or it has weak granular or subangular blocky

structure. It is loose or very friable. Reaction ranges

from strongly acid to neutral.

The BC horizon has hue of 7.5YR to 2.5Y, value of

4 to 6, and chroma of 2 to 6. Texture is gravelly or very

gravelly loamy sand or sand. Reaction ranges from

strongly acid to neutral.

The C horizon has hue of 7.5YR to 5Y, value of 4 or

6, and chroma of 2 or 4. They range from very cobbly

sand to extremely gravelly sand. Reaction ranges from

moderately acid to moderately alkaline.
298 Soil Survey

Tughill Series

The Tughill series consists of very deep, very poorly

drained soils formed in glacial till derived from acid

siliceous rocks. These soils are in depressions on

upland till plains.

Tughill soils are in a drainage sequence with well

drained Berkshire soils, moderately well drained

Sunapee soils, and poorly drained Lyme soils. They

are also associated with Adirondack, Crary, Dawson,

Potsdam, and Searsport soils. Unlike Tughill soils,

Adirondack soils have a spodic horizon. Unlike Crary

and Potsdam soils, Tughill soils have mottles in the

upper part of the solum. Dawson soils formed in

organic material. Tughill soils have less sand and more

rock fragments than Searsport soils have.

Typical pedon of Tughill gravelly mucky sandy loam,

in an area of Adirondack-Tughill-Lyme complex, 0 to 8

percent slopes, very bouldery, in the town of Colton,

6,200 feet south, 15 degrees west of junction of New

York Route 56 and Stark Road:

Oa—0 to 4 inches; black (10YR 2/1) sapric material

(muck); massive; very friable; many roots; many

large stones and boulders on the surface; strongly

acid; clear smooth boundary.

A—4 to 8 inches; black (5YR 2/1) gravelly mucky

sandy loam; weak medium granular structure;

friable; common roots; 30 percent rock fragments

(stones and gravel); strongly acid; clear smooth

boundary.

Bg—8 to 40 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) very

gravelly sandy loam; many medium distinct

yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) mottles; massive;

friable; few very fine, fine, and medium roots; 40

percent rock fragments (stones and gravel);

strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.

Cg—40 to 72 inches; gray (N 5/0) very gravelly sandy

loam; few medium faint grayish brown (2.5Y 5/4)

mottles in the upper part; massive; friable; 45

percent rock fragments (stones and gravel);

strongly acid.

Thickness of solum ranges from 18 to 36 inches.

Depth to bedrock is 40 inches, but in most pedons it is

more than 60 inches. Rock fragments, mainly stones

and gravel, range from 15 to 40 percent in the A

horizon and from 35 to 60 percent in the B and C

horizons.

The O horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 2 or 3,

and chroma of 1 or 2. It is massive or has granular

structure. Reaction is extremely acid to strongly acid.

The A or Ap horizon has hue of 5YR to 2.5Y, value

of 2 or 3, and chroma of 1 or 2. Texture of the fineearth fraction is fine sandy loam, loam, or silt loam or

their mucky analog. Reaction is extremely acid to

strongly acid.

The E horizon, where it occurs, has hue of 10YR or

2.5Y, or is neutral; value is 5 or 6 and chroma is 0 to 2.

Redox concentrations are common to none. Texture of

the fine-earth fraction is fine sandy loam, loam, or silt

loam. Reaction is extremely acid to strongly acid.

The B horizon has hue of 5YR to 5Y, value of 4 to 6,

and chroma of 0 to 2. Mottles of higher chroma than

the matrix make up 15 to 40 percent of the volume.

Texture is sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or loam in the

fine-earth fraction. Structure is weak coarse

subangular blocky structure or weak or moderate thick

platy. Consistence is friable or firm. Reaction is

extremely acid to moderately acid.

The C horizon is similar to the B horizon in texture

and color, and in some pedons has few or common

mottles. It is massive or has platy structure.

Consistence is firm or very firm. Reaction is strongly

acid to slightly acid.

Tunbridge Series

The Tunbridge series consists of moderately deep,

well drained soils on glaciated uplands. These soils

formed in loamy glacial till. Slopes range from 0 to 75

percent.

Tunbridge soils are associated with Berkshire,

Lyman, Potsdam, and Sunapee soils. They are

shallower to bedrock than Berkshire, Potsdam, and

Sunapee soils. They are not as shallow as Lyman

soils.

Typical pedon of Tunbridge silt loam, in an area of

Tunbridge-Lyman-Dawson complex, rolling, very rocky,

in the town of Pitcairn, 6,900 feet south, 42 degrees 20

minutes east of intersection of Edwards-Pitcairn town

line and Fullerville Road (Thomlinson Road):

A—0 to 2 inches; dark reddish brown (5YR 2/2) silt

loam; weak fine granular structure; friable; many

fine and few medium roots; 5 percent rock

fragments; very strongly acid; abrupt smooth

boundary.

E—2 to 3 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/2) silt loam; weak

fine granular structure; friable; many fine and few

medium roots; few fine tubular pores; 5 percent

rock fragments; very strongly acid; abrupt broken

boundary.

Bhs—3 to 9 inches; dark reddish brown (5YR 3/3) silt

loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure;

friable; common fine, few medium, and few coarse

roots; few fine tubular pores; 5 percent rock

fragments; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

Bs—9 to 19 inches; dark brown (7.5YR 4/4) silt loam;

dark reddish brown (5YR 3/3) streaks following
St. Lawrence County, New York 299

root channels; weak medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; common fine, common medium,

and few coarse roots; few fine tubular pores; 5

percent rock fragments; strongly acid; gradual

wavy boundary.

BC—19 to 30 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

gravelly very fine sandy loam; weak medium

subangular blocky structure parting to weak fine

granular; friable; few fine and few medium roots;

common fine tubular pores; 20 percent rock

fragments; strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

The thin, darker zone at the bottom of this horizon

is from bedrock.

R—30 inches; granitic bedrock.

Thickness of the solum ranges from 14 to 38

inches. Depth to bedrock ranges from 20 to 40 inches.

Reaction ranges from extremely acid to moderately

acid in the solum and from strongly acid to slightly acid

in the substratum. Rock fragments are mostly gravel,

channers, and cobbles and range from 5 to 35 percent

throughout. Typically, texture in the fine-earth fraction

is fine sandy loam, sandy loam, very fine sandy loam,

loam, or silt loam.

The A horizon is neutral or has hue of 5YR to

10YR, value of 2 to 5, and chroma of 0 to 4. The E

horizon has hue of 5YR to 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and

chroma of 1 or 2.

The Bhs horizon has hue of 5YR to 10YR and

approximate value and chroma of 3 or less.

The Bs horizon has hue of 5YR to 2.5Y and value

and chroma of 4 or more.

The Bh horizon, where it occurs, is neutral or has

hue of 5YR to 10YR. Typically, it has value of 2 or 3

and chroma of 0 to 2. The horizon ranges to 4 inches

thick.

The BC horizon, where it occurs, has hue of 7.5YR

to 2.5Y, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 3 to 8.

The C horizon has hue of 10YR to 5Y, value of 4 to

6, and chroma of 2 to 6.

Bedrock is slightly weathered schist, gneiss, or

granite.

Udifluvents

Udifluvents consist of very deep, well drained and

moderately well drained soils that formed in recent

alluvium. These soils are on flood plains along larger

streams and rivers, generally berms or natural levees

along banks. Slopes range from 3 to 8 percent.

In most pedons Udifluvents are mapped with

Fluvaquents, and are near Adjidaumo, Flackville,

Muskellunge, and Swanton soils. Udifluvents are

higher on the landscape and better drained than

Fluvaquents. Udifluvents are lower on the landscape

and better drained than Adjidaumo, Muskellunge, and

Swanton soils. Udifluvents are lower on the landscape

than Flackville soils.

These soils are classified above the series level

because they vary in soil properties; for that reason, a

typical pedon was not provided.

Rock fragments range from 0 to 40 percent

throughout. Reaction ranges from very strongly acid to

neutral throughout.

The surface layer is 1 to 10 inches thick. It has hue

of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 3 or

4. Texture ranges from sandy loam to fine loamy sand.

The substratum has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of

4 to 7, and chroma of 3 or 4.

Udipsamments

Udipsamments consist of very deep, excessively

drained to moderately well drained soils. The soil

material either is fill or is what was left after surface

removal. In areas of the county adjacent to the St.

Lawrence River, Udipsamments generally consist of

soils formed in piles of dredgings removed from the

seaway and then smoothed. In some areas

Udipsamments consist of soils that formed in areas

that were cut and then smoothed. Slopes range 0 to

25 percent.

These soils are named above the series level in the

soil classification system because of their variable soil

properties; for that reason, a typical pedon was not

provided.

Udipsamments have textures that range from sand

to loamy fine sand. Rock fragments range from 0 to 40

percent. Colors range as widely as textures. Reaction

ranges from extremely acid to strongly alkaline.

Generally, the surface layer is 2 to 10 inches thick.

Texture is sand to sandy loam. It has hue of 10YR or

2.5Y, value of 2 to 7, and chroma of 2 to 6.

The underlying sediments are sand and scattered

lenses of loamy sand or loamy fine sand. It has hue of

5YR to 2.5Y, value of 2 to 7, and chroma of 2 to 6.

Udorthents

Udorthents consist of deep, well drained and

moderately well drained soils. The soil material is fill or

is what was left after surface removal. In areas of the

county adjacent to the St. Lawrence River, Udorthents

generally consist of soils that formed in piles of

dredgings removed from the seaway. In some areas

Udorthents consist of soils formed in caps deposited

on landfills or formed in piles of mine spoil. In some

areas Udorthents formed in shallow borrow pits where
300 Soil Survey

the original soil was removed. Most slopes range from

0 to 25 percent, but the range is 0 to 100 percent.

These soils are named above the series level in the

soil classification system because of variable soil

properties; for that reason, a typical pedon was not

provided.

Generally, the surface layer is soil material 2 to 6

inches thick. The substratum varies widely, depending

on what material was used as fill or was left after

excavation. Bedrock is at a depth of at least 60 inches.

Texture ranges from sand to clay throughout. Rock

fragments range from 0 to 40 percent. Colors range

widely. Reaction ranges from extremely acid to

strongly alkaline.

In areas where the substratum consists of nonsoil

material, composition varies from site to site; it

includes, for example, concrete shards, car bodies,

large appliances, and domestic garbage.

Waddington Series

The Waddington series consists of very deep,

somewhat excessively drained soils on uplands,

kames, and deltas. These soils formed in glaciofluvial

deposits. Slopes range from 0 to 35 percent.

Waddington soils are associated with Adams,

Grenville, Nahasne, Pyrities, and Raquette soils.

Waddington soils have more rock fragments and are

less sandy than Adams and Raquette soils.

Waddington soils have more rock fragments than

Grenville and Pyrities soils. Waddington soils are

deeper to bedrock than Nehasne soils.

Typical pedon of Waddington gravelly sandy loam, 3

to 8 percent slopes, in the town of Lisbon, 750 feet

southeast of point on Nelson Road, 2,750 feet

northeast of junction of Five Mile Line Road and

Nelson Road:

Ap—0 to 8 inches; dark brown (7.5YR 4/3) gravelly

sandy loam; weak medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; many very fine and fine, common

medium and few coarse roots; many fine vesicular

pores; 15 percent rock fragments; neutral; abrupt

smooth boundary.

Bw—8 to 12 inches; strong brown (7.5Y 5/6) gravelly

loam; common medium distinct very dark grayish

brown (10YR 3/2) organic stains; weak medium

subangular blocky structure; friable; many very

fine and fine and common medium roots; common

medium vesicular pores, few coarse vesicular

pores, and few medium tubular pores; few faint silt

and clay coats on faces of peds and in pores; 25

percent rock fragments; slightly alkaline; abrupt

irregular boundary.

BC—12 to 19 inches; brown (10YR 4/3 and 7.5YR 5/4)

very gravelly sandy loam; weak medium

subangular blocky structure; single grain; loose;

few very fine, common fine and few medium roots;

42 percent rock fragments; slightly effervescent;

moderately alkaline; clear wavy boundary.

C1—19 to 36 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

and dark brown (10YR 4/3) very gravelly loamy

sand; single grain; loose; common fine and few

medium roots; 45 percent rock fragments; few

small shells; strongly effervescent; moderately

alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.

C2—36 to 72 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) and

dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) extremely gravelly

sandy loam; single grain; loose; few fine and

medium roots; 60 percent rock fragments; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Thickness of the solum ranges from 18 to 30

inches. Depth to free carbonates ranges from 10 to 30

inches. Bedrock is at a depth of more than 60 inches.

Rock fragments, including gravel and cobbles, range,

by volume, from 15 to 40 percent in the A horizon,

from 10 to 40 percent in the B horizon, and from 40 to

65 percent in the C horizon.

The A or Ap horizon has hue of 5YR to 10YR, value

of 3 to 5, and chroma of 2 to 4. Texture commonly is

sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or loam in the fine-earth

fraction. Reaction is slightly acid or neutral.

The Bw horizon has hue of 5YR to 10YR, value of 3

to 5, and chroma of 3 to 6. In most pedons texture is

sandy loam or gravelly loam in the fine-earth fraction,

but in some pedons it is fine sandy loam. Some

pedons have a thin subhorizon of loamy fine sand or

loamy sand in the fine-earth fraction. Reaction is

neutral or slightly alkaline.

The BC horizon has hue of 5YR to 10YR, value of 3

to 5, and chroma of 2 to 6. Texture is loamy sand or

sandy loam in the fine-earth fraction. Reaction ranges

from neutral to moderately alkaline.

The C horizon consists of gravel, cobbles, or stones

that have sand or sandy loam in the interstices. It is

variably stratified. Reaction is slightly alkaline or

moderately alkaline.

Wegatchie Series

The Wegatchie series consists of very deep, poorly

drained and very poorly drained soils on lake plains.

These soils formed in silty lacustrine deposits. Slopes

range from 0 to 3 percent.

Wegatchie soils are in a drainage sequence with

somewhat poorly drained Hailesboro soils and

moderately well drained Depeyster soils. They are

closely associated with Dorval, Insula, Malone,

Munuscong, Roundabout, and Summerville soils.
St. Lawrence County, New York 301

Wegatchie soils are finer textured than Insula, Malone,

Munuscong, Roundabout, and Summerville soils. They

are deeper to bedrock than Insula and Summerville

soils. Wegatchie soils are mineral, but Dorval soils are

organic.

Typical pedon of Wegatchie silt loam, in the town of

Hammond, 40 feet west of Oakpoint Road and 4,200

feet south of junction of Oakpoint Road and River

Road:

Ap—0 to 8 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silt loam,

grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; few fine distinct

dark brown (7.5YR 3/4) mottles; weak medium

and coarse subangular blocky structure parting to

fine and medium granular; friable; slightly sticky;

common fine and few medium roots; neutral;

abrupt smooth boundary.

Bg1—8 to 13 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) clay loam;

common fine faint grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) and

light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) and many fine and

medium distinct brown (7.5YR 4/4) mottles;

moderate fine and medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; common fine roots; common fine

tubular and vesicular pores, few macropores; few

faint silt coats on faces of peds; neutral; abrupt

smooth boundary.

Bg2—13 to 19 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) silty clay

loam; gray (10YR 5/1) faces of peds; many fine

and medium distinct brown (7.5YR 5/4), strong

brown (7.5YR 4/6), and dark brown (7.5YR 3/4)

mottles; moderate very fine, fine, and medium

angular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots;

common fine vesicular and tubular pores, few

macropores; few faint silt coats on faces of peds;

neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.

BCg—19 to 40 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) silt loam;

grayish brown (10YR 5/2) prism faces; common

fine distinct strong brown ( 7.5YR 5/8) and many

moderate distinct yellowish brown (10 YR 5/6)

mottles; moderate coarse prismatic structure; firm;

few fine roots on prism faces; many fine and

medium tubular and vesicular pores; slightly

alkaline; abrupt smooth boundary.

C—40 to 72 inches; yellowish brown (10 YR 5/6) silt

loam; many moderate distinct gray (10YR 6/1) silt

loam varves; weak medium platy structure; firm;

10 percent rock fragments; slightly effervescent,

slightly alkaline.

Thickness of the solum ranges from 20 to 40

inches. Depth to carbonates ranges from 20 to 60

inches. Depth to bedrock is greater than 60 inches.

Rock fragments, mostly gravel, range from 0 to 2

percent in the solum and from 0 to 10 percent in the C

horizon.

The A horizon is neutral or has hue of 10YR, value

of 2 or 3, and chroma of 0 to 2. Texture is silt loam,

very fine sandy loam, loam, or their mucky analog. In

very poorly drained pedons an Oa or Oe horizon as

much as 6 inches thick overlies the A horizon.

Reaction ranges from moderately acid to neutral.

The B horizon is neutral or has hue of 7.5YR to

2.5Y, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 0 to 2. Texture is

silt loam, silty clay loam, clay loam, or very fine sandy

loam. Reaction ranges from slightly acid to slightly

alkaline.

The BC horizon is neutral or has hue of 7.5YR to

5Y, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 0 to 2. In texture it is

similar to the B horizon. Reaction is slightly acid to

slightly alkaline.

The C horizon has hue of 7.5YR to 5Y, value of 3 to

6, and chroma of 1 to 6; below depths of 30 inches

chroma is 3 to 6. Texture is very fine sandy loam, silt

loam, clay loam, or silty clay loam; in most pedons the

horizon is varved. Reaction ranges from neutral to

moderately alkaline.

303

Dr. Ray B. Byrant, Cornell University, and Dr. James S. Street,

St. Lawrence University, helped to prepare this section.

This section describes the major factors of soil

formation, tells how these factors have affected the

soils of St. Lawrence County, and explains some of the

processes of soil horizon development as related to

soil formation in the county.

Factors of Soil Formation

Soils are the product of weathering of parent

material and of other physical and chemical processes

that act on parent material (Jenny 1941). The

properties of the soil at any point on Earth depend on

a combination of factors: physical and chemical

composition of the parent material, climate, plant and

animal life, topography, and time. The relative influence

of each of these factors of soil formation differs from

place to place, and each modifies the effect of the

others. For example, topography and parent material

influence the effects of climate and plant and animal

life. In some places one factor is a dominant influence.

Table 22 shows relationships among parent material,

dominant texture, and drainage of the soils in St.

Lawrence County.

Parent Material

Parent material is the unconsolidated earthy

material in which soil forms. It determines the

mineralogical and physical composition of the soil and

contributes greatly to chemical composition. It also

influences the rate of soil-forming processes.

Most soils in St. Lawrence County formed in glacial

deposits, mainly glacial till. However, the soils also

formed in marine and lacustrine material, glacial

outwash, recent deposits of stream alluvium, and

moderately deep and deep accumulations of organic

matter.

Soils formed in glacial till have a wide range of

characteristics resulting from a heterogeneous mixture

of rock and soil particles. Although most of these soils

have a firm substratum, they formed in very different

kinds of glacial till. For example, Potsdam, Grenville,

and Pyrities soils formed in glacial till more than 60

inches thick; Summerville, Gouverneur, and

Ogdensburg soils formed in very shallow to

moderately deep glacial till over marble, limestone, or

dolomitic sandstone bedrock; and Insula, Tunbridge,

and Lyman soils formed in shallow or moderately deep

glacial till over gneiss or sandstone bedrock.

Enormous quantities of meltwater flowing off

melting glacial ice carried and sorted soil and rock

debris. This glaciofluvial material was redeposited as

layers of sand and gravel on deltas, kames, eskers,

outwash plains, and terraces. Waddington, Raquette,

Colton, and Duxbury soils, which are medium to

coarse textured, formed in glaciofluvial material.

As continental glaciation receded, proglacial Lake

Iroquois and subsequent lower lake levels inundated

most of the northern part of the county. A delta at an

elevation of 915 feet, south of the village of Colton,

marks the end of the Lake Iroquois water plane (Clark

1983). Streams draining into these water bodies first

dumped, sorted, and then stratified coarse sediment in

deltas. Further out toward the middle of this proglacial

lake, where energy was insufficient to keep particles

suspended, silt and clay were deposited. As the lake

receded, some of the finer sediment was washed from

the steeper or more prominent points on the

landscape, exposing prior deposits of glacial till or

glaciofluvial materials. However, lacustrine silt and clay

sediment remained on concave or planar landscape

features. Depeyster, Hailesboro, and Roundabout

soils, for example, formed in lacustrine sediment.

As the glaciation receded further and glacial

meltwater increased, the rising sea level extended the

Atlantic Ocean, creating the Champlain Sea, which

inundated the extreme northern part of St. Lawrence

County. The upper level of salt water has been

delimited on the general soil map of St. Lawrence

County (Clark 1983). This body of stillwater deposited

the clay and silt that were the parent material of

Heuvelton, Matoon, and Adjidaumo soils, for example.

When the immense weight of the glacier was

removed, the Earth’s surface rebounded, and marine

water retreated from the area, the St. Lawrence River

was brackish for a brief time. After that, the St.

Lawrence River became freshwater flowing

northeastward. The nature and extent of soils formed

Formation of the Soils
304 Soil Survey

in brackish water deposits and in all three types of

stillwater deposits have been studied and described

(Kern 1987).

More recently, overflowing streams have deposited

fresh, dark alluvium on flood plains. Typically, silty or

loamy soils that have weak profile development

formed in this material; Cornish and Redwater soils

and Fluvaquents are examples.

Mucky soils formed in organic deposits in low-lying

areas. Carbondale and Dorval soils, for example,

formed in well decomposed remains of trees and other

plants.

Topography

The shape, slope, and position of the land surface

relative to the water table have had a great influence

on soil formation in St. Lawrence County.

Soils formed in convex, sloping areas, where little

runoff accumulates or where runoff is medium or

rapid, generally are well drained and have a bright,

unmottled subsoil. These soils are generally leached

to a greater depth than nearby, low-lying, wetter soils.

Examples are Adams, Berkshire, and Pyrites soils.

In more gently sloping areas, where runoff is slower

and the soils are wet, the subsoil is mottled. In level

areas or in slight depressions where the water table is

at or near the surface for long periods and the soils

are wet, the surface layer is thick and dark and the

subsoil is strongly mottled or gray. Examples are

Adjidaumo, Cook, Munuscong, and Runeberg soils.

Climate

Climate, particularly temperature and

precipitation, determines to a large degree the kind

of weathering processes that occur in the soil. It

also affects the growth and kind of vegetation and

the leaching and translocation of weathered

materials.

St. Lawrence County has a humid, continental

climate, which promotes development of moderately

weathered, leached soils. Except for some small,

warmer mesic areas along the Jefferson County line

not recognized in mapping, soils in St. Lawrence

County classify in the frigid temperature regime.

Cooler air and soil temperatures in the county’s

frigid soil temperature regime tend to slow down

weathering processes and to shorten growing

seasons compared to mesic areas south of the

county. More detailed and specific data on the

climate of St. Lawrence County are in the “Climate”

section under “General Nature of the County.”

Plant and Animal Life

All living organisms, from plants and animals to

bacteria and fungi, influence soil formation. Vegetation

generally determines the amount of organic matter

and nutrients in the soil and the color and structure of

the surface layer. Earthworms and other burrowing

animals help to keep the soil porous and to make it

more permeable to air and water. Their waste products

aggregate soil particles and improve soil structure.

Bacteria and fungi decompose vegetation in a process

that releases nutrients.

St. Lawrence County originally had forests of

northern hardwoods and pines. Leaching of nutrients

is slow under hardwoods as they take up large

quantities of bases (nutrients) and restore much of

them to the soil each year through leaf litter.

Compared to deciduous trees, conifers, such as pines,

do not take up as much nutrients and recycle them

through leaf litter. Under coniferous vegetation, bases

are more static in the soil solution, are not held so

firmly by vegetation in a nutrient cycle, and therefore

are more susceptible to leaching.

On many soils on uplands, trees have a shallow

rooting depth and in many spots windthrow has mixed

the soil material.

Human activities, such as clearing trees and

cultivating the land, have also influenced changes in

the soils in the county. These also include fertilizing

and thus adding nutrients, plowing and thus mixing

some soil horizons, and accelerating erosion in many

areas.

Time

The degree of profile development reflects the age

of a soil as well as the influence of other factors. In

geological terms, the parent material of the soils in the

survey area is relatively young, having been deposited

during or since the last glaciation. The various soils

have reached different stages of profile development

because the other soil-forming factors also influence

the rate of profile development. The soil profile of

Heuvelton soils, for example, is developed to a depth

of about 22 inches; that of Pyrities soils, to a depth of

30 inches. Though the length of time for their

development is the same, Heuvelton and Pyrites soils

differ in appearance, in depth of weathering, and in

parent material.

In alluvial soils, which depositions of parent material

augment at regular intervals, there is very little time

between depositions for profile development. Lovewell

and Redwater soils, for example, are both alluvial,

have relatively indistinct horizons, and show weak

profile development.
St. Lawrence County, New York 305

Processes of Soil Formation

This section is a brief explanation of soil horizon

nomenclature and a discussion of processes of soil

profile development as related to soil formation.

The soil-forming factors form different layers, or soil

horizons, in a soil profile. A soil profile extends from

the surface downward into material that the soilforming processes have little altered. Most soils have

three major horizons, the A, B, and C horizons, which

may be subdivided to indicate changes within a given

horizon.

The surface layer is designated the A or Ap horizon;

the subscript “p” is for a surface layer that has been

plowed at regular intervals. The surface layer generally

has uniform thickness; it also has organic matter

distributed uniformly throughout. The A (or Ap) horizon

is the zone of accumulation of organic matter from

decaying native vegetation.

The E horizon commonly underlies the A horizon. It

is the zone of maximum eluviation, or depletion, of

clay, organic matter, and iron compounds. The E

horizon, as a result of the loss of iron compounds, is

noticeably lighter in color than the overlying horizon or

the underlying horizons.

The B horizon, or subsoil, underlies the A horizon. It

is the horizon of maximum accumulation, or illuviation,

of clay, iron, aluminum, or other compounds leached

from the layers above it. The B horizon generally has

blocky or prismatic structure and is firmer and lighter

colored than the A horizon. However, in many soils in

St. Lawrence County, instead of having formed

through illuviation the B horizon formed through

alteration in place, the cause of which was either

oxidation and reduction of iron or weathering of clay

minerals.

The C horizon, which is below the B horizon,

consists of materials that weathering may have

modified more than soil-forming processes have

changed. For example, in Raquette soils the C horizon

is structureless or is single grained and loose, but in

Hogansburg and Malone soils it is platy and firm.

Several processes cause the formation of soil

horizons. Among these are accumulation of organic

matter, leaching of soluble salts and minerals,

translocation of clay minerals, reduction and transfer of

iron, and formation of dense and compact layers in the

subsoil (Simonson 1959).

As plant residue decomposes, organic matter

accumulates and darkens the surface layer and helps

to form the A horizon. Organic matter, if lost, takes a

long time to be replaced. The content of organic matter

in the surface layer of soils in St. Lawrence County

averages about 4 percent.

For soils to develop a distinct subsoil, some lime

and other soluble salts must be leached to facilitate

other soil processes, such as translocation of clay

minerals. The kinds of salts originally present in the

soil, the rate and depth of percolation, and soil texture

are factors that affect leaching.

In some soils in St. Lawrence County, the

translocation of silicate clay minerals is an important

process in soil profile development. In these soils the

clay content varies from soil horizon to soil horizon;

clay particles are transported downward from the A

horizon and redeposited in the B horizon as clay films

on ped faces, as linings of pores and root channels,

and as coatings on some coarse fragments. In some

soils enough clay has been eluviated to the B horizon

to form an overlying E horizon. In Heuvelton soils,

for example, translocation of clay has resulted in a

higher clay content in the B horizon than in the A

horizon.

The reduction and transfer of iron compounds, or

gleying, occur mainly in wetter, more poorly drained

soils. In poorly drained and very poorly drained soils,

such as Munuscong and Adjidaumo soils, the grayish

subsoil indicates the reduction of iron. In moderately

well drained and somewhat poorly drained soils, such

as Kalurah and Malone soils, yellowish brown and

reddish brown mottles indicate the segregation of iron

compounds. Gleying has not occurred in well drained

soils, such as Pyrites soils, which have a brightcolored, unmottled subsoil.

307

American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO). 2000.

Standard specifications for highway materials and methods of sampling and

testing. 19th edition, 2 volumes.

American Geological Institute. 1960. Glossary of geology and related sciences. Second

edition.

American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). 2001. Standard classification of

soils for engineering purposes. ASTM Standard D 2487.

Bierstedt, T.W., and J.M. Erickson. 1989. Trace fossils and bioturbation in peritidal facies

of the Potsdam-Theresa Formation (Cambrian-Ordovician), northwest

Adirondacks. Palaois 4: 203-224.

Carl, James D. 1978. Ribbed moraine-drumlin transition belt, St. Lawrence Valley, New

York. Geology 6, 562-566.

Clark, P., and P.F. Karrow. 1983. Till stratigraphy in the St. Lawrence Valley near Malone,

New York: revised glacial history and stratigraphic nomenclature. Geological

Society of America Bulletin 94, 1308-1318.

Clark, P., and P.F. Karrow. 1984. Late Pleistocene water bodies in the St. Lawrence

Lowland, New York, and regional correlations. Geological Society of America

Bulletin 95, 805-813.

Cline, Martin G., and Douglas J. Lathwell. 1963. Physical and chemical properties of

soils of northern New York. Cornell Experiment Station Bulletin 981.

Consodine, Jr., Thomas, and Thomas S. Frieswyk. 1982. Forest statistics for New York.

Resource Bulletin NE-71. Resource Bulletin 11E-71, 92-107.

Cooperative Extension Service. 1990. Cornell Field Crop Handbook, 3-63.

Jenny, Hans. 1941. Factors of soil formation.

Johnson, C.W. 1985. Bogs of the Northeast.

Kern, J.S., and R.B. Bryant. 1987. Soils developed in sediments from late Quaternary

water bodies in northern New York. Soil Science Society of America Journal 3

(51): 738-745.

MacClintock, Paul. 1958. Glacial geology of the St. Lawrence Seaway and power

projects. New York State Museum and Science Service.

References
308

MacClintock, P., and D.P. Stewart. 1965. Pleistocene geology of the St. Lawrence

Lowland. New York State Museum and Science Service Bulletin 394.

Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources. 1987. Wild furbearer management and

conservation in North America. Ontario Trappers Association.

Simonson, Roy W. 1959. Outline of a generalized theory of soil genesis. Soil Science

Society of America Proceedings 23: 152-156.

Soil Survey Divison Staff. 1993. Soil survey manual. Soil Conservation Service. United

States Department of Agriculture Handbook 18.

Soil Survey Staff. 1975. Soil taxonomy: A basic system of soil classification for making

and interpreting soil surveys. 2nd edition. U.S. Department of Agriculture.

(Revised 1999)

Soil Survey Staff. 1990. Keys to soil taxonomy. 4th edition. United States Department of

Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. (Revised in 1998)

United States Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Chemistry and Soils. 1925. Soil

survey of St. Lawrence County, New York. Report Number 34.

United States Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. 1975. Erosion and

sediment inventory for New York.

United States Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. 1982. Census of

Agriculture, St. Lawrence County, New York.

United States Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. 1987. Census of

Agriculture, St. Lawrence County, New York.

United States Government Printing Office. 2000. Style Manual.

Van Diver, B.B. 1985. Roadside geology of New York.

Will, Gary B., Randoll D. Stumvoll, Robert F. Gotie, Edward S. Smith. 1982. The

ecological zones of northern New York. New York Fish and Game Journal 29 (1).
309

ABC soil. A soil having an A, a B, and a C horizon.

Ablation till. Loose, permeable till deposited during

the final downwasting of glacial ice. Lenses of

crudely sorted sand and gravel are common.

AC soil. A soil having only an A and a C horizon.

Commonly, such soil formed in recent alluvium or

on steep, rocky slopes.

Aeration, soil. The exchange of air in soil with air from

the atmosphere. The air in a well aerated soil is

similar to that in the atmosphere; the air in a

poorly aerated soil is considerably higher in

carbon dioxide and lower in oxygen.

Aggregate, soil. Many fine particles held in a single

mass or cluster. Natural soil aggregates, such as

granules, blocks, or prisms, are called peds. Clods

are aggregates produced by tillage or logging.

Alkali (sodic) soil. A soil having so high a degree of

alkalinity (pH 8.5 or higher) or so high a

percentage of exchangeable sodium (15 percent

or more of the total exchangeable bases), or both,

that plant growth is restricted.

Alluvial cone. The material washed down the sides of

mountains and hills by ephemeral streams and

deposited at the mouth of gorges in the form of a

moderately steep, conical mass descending

equally in all directions from the point of issue.

Alluvial fan. The fanlike deposit of a stream where it

issues from a gorge upon a plain or of a tributary

stream near or at its junction with its main stream.

Alluvium. Material, such as sand, silt, or clay,

deposited on land by streams.

Alpha,alpha-dipyridyl. A dye that when dissolved in

1N ammonium acetate is used to detect the

presence of reduced iron (Fe II) in the soil. A

positive reaction indicates a type of redoximorphic

feature.

Animal unit month (AUM). The amount of forage

required by one mature cow of approximately

1,000 pounds weight, with or without a calf, for 1

month.

Aquic conditions. Current soil wetness characterized

by saturation, reduction, and redoximorphic

features.

Argillic horizon. A subsoil horizon characterized by

an accumulation of illuvial clay.

Arroyo. The flat-floored channel of an ephemeral

stream, commonly with very steep to vertical

banks cut in alluvium.

Aspect. The direction in which a slope faces.

Association, soil. A group of soils or miscellaneous

areas geographically associated in a characteristic

repeating pattern and defined and delineated as a

single map unit.

Available water capacity (available moisture

capacity). The capacity of soils to hold water

available for use by most plants. It is commonly

defined as the difference between the amount of

soil water at field moisture capacity and the

amount at wilting point. It is commonly expressed

as inches of water per inch of soil. The capacity, in

inches, in a 60-inch profile or to a limiting layer is

expressed as:

Very low ......................................................... 0 to 2.4

Low ............................................................. 2.4 to 3.2

Moderate .................................................... 3.2 to 5.2

High ..................................................... more than 5.2

Backslope. The position that forms the steepest and

generally linear, middle portion of a hillslope. In

profile, backslopes are commonly bounded by a

convex shoulder above and a concave footslope

below.

Badland. Steep or very steep, commonly nonstony,

barren land dissected by many intermittent

drainage channels. Badland is most common in

semiarid and arid regions where streams are

entrenched in soft geologic material. Local relief

generally ranges from 25 to 500 feet. Runoff

potential is very high, and geologic erosion is

active.

Bajada. A broad alluvial slope extending from the

base of a mountain range out into a basin and

formed by coalescence of separate alluvial fans.

Basal area. The area of a cross section of a tree,

generally referring to the section at breast height

and measured outside the bark. It is a measure of

stand density, commonly expressed in square

feet.

Basal till. Compact glacial till deposited beneath the

ice.

Glossary
310 Soil Survey

Base saturation. The degree to which material having

cation-exchange properties is saturated with

exchangeable bases (sum of Ca, Mg, Na, and K),

expressed as a percentage of the total cationexchange capacity.

Base slope. A geomorphic component of hills

consisting of the concave to linear (perpendicular

to the contour) slope that, regardless of the lateral

shape, forms an apron or wedge at the bottom of

a hillside dominated by colluvium and slope-wash

sediments (for example, slope alluvium).

Bedding planes. Fine strata, less than 5 millimeters

thick, in unconsolidated alluvial, eolian, lacustrine,

or marine sediment.

Bedding system. A drainage system made by

plowing, grading, or otherwise shaping the surface

of a flat field. It consists of a series of low ridges

separated by shallow, parallel dead furrows.

Bedrock. The solid rock that underlies the soil and

other unconsolidated material or that is exposed at

the surface.

Bedrock-controlled topography. A landscape where

the configuration and relief of the landforms are

determined or strongly influenced by the

underlying bedrock.

Bench terrace. A raised, level or nearly level strip of

earth constructed on or nearly on a contour,

supported by a barrier of rocks or similar material,

and designed to make the soil suitable for tillage

and to prevent accelerated erosion.

Bisequum. Two sequences of soil horizons, each of

which consists of an illuvial horizon and the

overlying eluvial horizons.

Blowout. A shallow depression from which all or most

of the soil material has been removed by the wind.

A blowout has a flat or irregular floor formed by a

resistant layer or by an accumulation of pebbles or

cobbles. In some blowouts the water table is

exposed.

Bottom land. The normal flood plain of a stream,

subject to flooding.

Boulders. Rock fragments larger than 2 feet (60

centimeters) in diameter.

Breaks. The steep and very steep broken land at the

border of an upland summit that is dissected by

ravines.

Breast height. An average height of 4.5 feet above

the ground surface; the point on a tree where

diameter measurements are ordinarily taken.

Brush management. Use of mechanical, chemical, or

biological methods to make conditions favorable

for reseeding or to reduce or eliminate competition

from woody vegetation and thus allow understory

grasses and forbs to recover. Brush management

increases forage production and thus reduces the

hazard of erosion. It can improve the habitat for

some species of wildlife.

Butte. An isolated small mountain or hill with steep or

precipitous sides and a top variously flat, rounded,

or pointed that may be a residual mass isolated by

erosion or an exposed volcanic neck.

Cable yarding. A method of moving felled trees to a

nearby central area for transport to a processing

facility. Most cable yarding systems involve use of

a drum, a pole, and wire cables in an arrangement

similar to that of a rod and reel used for fishing. To

reduce friction and soil disturbance, felled trees

generally are reeled in while one end is lifted or

the entire log is suspended.

Calcareous soil. A soil containing enough calcium

carbonate (commonly combined with magnesium

carbonate) to effervesce visibly when treated with

cold, dilute hydrochloric acid.

Caliche. A more or less cemented deposit of calcium

carbonate in soils of warm-temperate, subhumid

to arid areas. Caliche occurs as soft, thin layers in

the soil or as hard, thick beds directly beneath the

solum, or it is exposed at the surface by erosion.

California bearing ratio (CBR). The load-supporting

capacity of a soil as compared to that of standard

crushed limestone, expressed as a ratio. First

standardized in California. A soil having a CBR of

16 supports 16 percent of the load that would be

supported by standard crushed limestone, per unit

area, with the same degree of distortion.

Canopy. The leafy crown of trees or shrubs. (See

Crown.)

Canyon. A long, deep, narrow, very steep sided valley

with high, precipitous walls in an area of high local

relief.

Capillary water. Water held as a film around soil

particles and in tiny spaces between particles.

Surface tension is the adhesive force that holds

capillary water in the soil.

Catena. A sequence, or “chain,” of soils on a

landscape that formed in similar kinds of parent

material but have different characteristics as a

result of differences in relief and drainage.

Cation. An ion carrying a positive charge of electricity.

The common soil cations are calcium, potassium,

magnesium, sodium, and hydrogen.

Cation-exchange capacity. The total amount of

exchangeable cations that can be held by the soil,

expressed in terms of milliequivalents per 100

grams of soil at neutrality (pH 7.0) or at some

other stated pH value. The term, as applied to

soils, is synonymous with base-exchange capacity

but is more precise in meaning.
St. Lawrence County, New York 311

Catsteps. Very small, irregular terraces on steep

hillsides, especially in pasture, formed by the

trampling of cattle or the slippage of saturated soil.

Cement rock. Shaly limestone used in the

manufacture of cement.

Channery soil material. Soil material that has, by

volume, 15 to 35 percent thin, flat fragments of

sandstone, shale, slate, limestone, or schist as

much as 6 inches (15 centimeters) along the

longest axis. A single piece is called a channer.

Chemical treatment. Control of unwanted vegetation

to the use of chemicals.

Chiseling. Tillage with an implement having one or

more soil-penetrating points that shatter or loosen

hard, compacted layers to a depth below normal

plow depth.

Cirque. A semicircular, concave, bowllike area that

has steep faces primarily resulting from glacial ice

and snow abrasion.

Clay. As a soil separate, the mineral soil particles less

than 0.002 millimeter in diameter. As a soil textural

class, soil material that is 40 percent or more clay,

less than 45 percent sand, and less than 40

percent silt.

Clay depletions. Low-chroma zones having a low

content of iron, manganese, and clay because of

the chemical reduction of iron and manganese

and the removal of iron, manganese, and clay. A

type of redoximorphic depletion.

Clay film. A thin coating of oriented clay on the

surface of a soil aggregate or lining pores or root

channels. Synonyms: clay coating, clay skin.

Claypan. A slowly permeable soil horizon that

contains much more clay than the horizons above

it. A claypan is commonly hard when dry and

plastic or stiff when wet.

Climax plant community. The stabilized plant

community on a particular site. The plant cover

reproduces itself and does not change so long as

the environment remains the same.

Coarse textured soil. Sand or loamy sand.

Cobble (or cobblestone). A rounded or partly

rounded fragment of rock 3 to 10 inches (7.6 to 25

centimeters) in diameter.

Cobbly soil material. Material that has 15 to 35

percent, by volume, rounded or partially rounded

rock fragments 3 to 10 inches (7.6 to 25

centimeters) in diameter. Very cobbly soil material

has 35 to 60 percent of these rock fragments, and

extremely cobbly soil material has more than 60

percent.

COLE (coefficient of linear extensibility). See

Linear extensibility.

Colluvium. Soil material or rock fragments, or both,

moved by creep, slide, or local wash and

deposited at the base of steep slopes.

Complex slope. Irregular or variable slope. Planning

or establishing terraces, diversions, and other

water-control structures on a complex slope is

difficult.

Complex, soil. A map unit of two or more kinds of soil

or miscellaneous areas in such an intricate pattern

or so small in area that it is not practical to map

them separately at the selected scale of mapping.

The pattern and proportion of the soils or

miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar in all

areas.

Concretions. Cemented bodies with crude internal

symmetry organized around a point, a line, or a

plane. They typically take the form of concentric

layers visible to the naked eye. Calcium carbonate,

iron oxide, and manganese oxide are common

compounds making up concretions. If formed in

place, concretions of iron oxide or manganese

oxide are generally considered a type of

redoximorphic concentration.

Congeliturbate. Soil material disturbed by frost

action.

Conglomerate. A coarse grained, clastic rock

composed of rounded or subangular rock

fragments more than 2 millimeters in diameter. It

commonly has a matrix of sand and finer textured

material. Conglomerate is the consolidated

equivalent of gravel.

Conservation cropping system. Growing crops in

combination with needed cultural and

management practices. In a good conservation

cropping system, the soil-improving crops and

practices more than offset the effects of the soildepleting crops and practices. Cropping systems

are needed on all tilled soils. Soil-improving

practices in a conservation cropping system

include the use of rotations that contain grasses

and legumes and the return of crop residue to the

soil. Other practices include the use of green

manure crops of grasses and legumes, proper

tillage, adequate fertilization, and weed and pest

control.

Conservation tillage. A tillage system that does not

invert the soil and that leaves a protective amount

of crop residue on the surface throughout the year.

Consistence, soil. Refers to the degree of cohesion

and adhesion of soil material and its resistance to

deformation when ruptured. Consistence includes

resistance of soil material to rupture and to

penetration; plasticity, toughness, and stickiness of

puddled soil material; and the manner in which the

soil material behaves when subject to
312 Soil Survey

compression. Terms describing consistence are

defined in the “Soil Survey Manual.”

Contour stripcropping. Growing crops in strips that

follow the contour. Strips of grass or close-growing

crops are alternated with strips of clean-tilled

crops or summer fallow.

Control section. The part of the soil on which

classification is based. The thickness varies

among different kinds of soil, but for many it is that

part of the soil profile between depths of 10 inches

and 40 or 80 inches.

Coppice dune. A small dune of fine grained soil

material stabilized around shrubs or small trees.

Coprogenous earth (sedimentary peat). Fecal

material deposited in water by aquatic organisms.

Corrosion. Soil-induced electrochemical or chemical

action that dissolves or weakens concrete or

uncoated steel.

Cover crop. A close-growing crop grown primarily to

improve and protect the soil between periods of

regular crop production, or a crop grown between

trees and vines in orchards and vineyards.

Cropping system. Growing crops according to a

planned system of rotation and management

practices.

Crop residue management. Returning crop residue

to the soil, which helps to maintain soil structure,

organic matter content, and fertility and helps to

control erosion.

Cross-slope farming. Deliberately conducting

farming operations on sloping farmland in such a

way that tillage is across the general slope.

Crown. The upper part of a tree or shrub, including the

living branches and their foliage.

Cuesta. A hill or ridge that has a gentle slope on

one side and a steep slope on the other;

specifically, an asymmetric, homoclinal ridge

capped by resistant rock layers of slight or

moderate dip.

Culmination of the mean annual increment (CMAI).

The average annual increase per acre in the

volume of a stand. Computed by dividing the total

volume of the stand by its age. As the stand

increases in age, the mean annual increment

continues to increase until mortality begins to

reduce the rate of increase. The point where the

stand reaches its maximum annual rate of growth

is called the culmination of the mean annual

increment.

Cutbanks cave (in tables). The walls of excavations

tend to cave in or slough.

Decreasers. The most heavily grazed climax range

plants. Because they are the most palatable, they

are the first to be destroyed by overgrazing.

Deferred grazing. Postponing grazing or resting

grazing land for a prescribed period.

Delta. A body of alluvium having a surface that is

nearly flat and fan shaped; deposited at or near

the mouth of a river or stream where it enters a

body of relatively quiet water, generally a sea or

lake.

Dense layer (in tables). A very firm, massive layer that

has a bulk density of more than 1.8 grams per

cubic centimeter. Such a layer affects the ease of

digging and can affect filling and compacting.

Depth, soil. Generally, the thickness of the soil over

bedrock. Very deep soils are more than 60

inches deep over bedrock; deep soils, 40 to 60

inches; moderately deep, 20 to 40 inches; shallow,

10 to 20 inches; and very shallow, less than 10

inches.

Desert pavement. On a desert surface, a layer of

gravel or larger fragments that was emplaced by

upward movement of the underlying sediments or

that remains after finer particles have been

removed by running water or the wind.

Dip slope. A slope of the land surface, roughly

determined by and approximately conforming to

the dip of the underlying bedrock.

Diversion (or diversion terrace). A ridge of earth,

generally a terrace, built to protect downslope

areas by diverting runoff from its natural course.

Divided-slope farming. A form of field stripcropping

in which crops are grown in a systematic

arrangement of two strips, or bands, across the

slope to reduce the hazard of water erosion. One

strip is in a close-growing crop that provides

protection from erosion, and the other strip is in a

crop that provides less protection from erosion.

This practice is used where slopes are not long

enough to permit a full stripcropping pattern to be

used.

Drainage class (natural). Refers to the frequency and

duration of wet periods under conditions similar to

those under which the soil formed. Alterations of

the water regime by human activities, either to

drainage or irrigation, are not a consideration

unless they have significantly changed the

morphology of the soil. Seven classes of natural

soil drainage are recognized—excessively

drained, somewhat excessively drained, well

drained, moderately well drained, somewhat

poorly drained, poorly drained, and very poorly

drained. These classes are defined in the “Soil

Survey Manual.”

Drainage, surface. Runoff, or surface flow of water,

from an area.

Draw. A small stream valley that generally is more
St. Lawrence County, New York 313

open and has broader bottom land than a ravine

or gulch.

Drumlin. A low, smooth, elongated oval hill, mound, or

ridge of compact glacial till. The longer axis is

parallel to the path of the glacier and commonly

has a blunt nose pointing in the direction from

which the ice approached.

Duff. A generally firm organic layer on the surface of

mineral soils. It consists of fallen plant material

that is in the process of decomposition and

includes everything from the litter on the surface to

underlying pure humus.

Ecological site. An area where climate, soil, and relief

are sufficiently uniform to produce a distinct

natural plant community. An ecological site is the

product of all the environmental factors

responsible for its development. It is typified by an

association of species that differ from those on

other ecological sites in kind and/or proportion of

species or in total production.

Eluviation. The movement of material in true solution

or colloidal suspension from one place to another

within the soil. Soil horizons that have lost material

to eluviation are eluvial; those that have received

material are illuvial.

Endosaturation. A type of saturation of the soil in

which all horizons between the upper boundary of

saturation and a depth of 2 meters are saturated.

Eolian soil material. Earthy parent material

accumulated to wind action; commonly refers to

sandy material in dunes or to loess in blankets on

the surface.

Ephemeral stream. A stream, or reach of a stream,

that flows only in direct response to precipitation. It

receives no long-continued supply from melting

snow or other source, and its channel is above the

water table at all times.

Episaturation. A type of saturation indicating a

perched water table in a soil in which saturated

layers are underlain by one or more unsaturated

layers within 2 meters of the surface.

Erosion. The wearing away of the land surface by

water, wind, ice, or other geologic agents and by

such processes as gravitational creep.

Erosion (geologic). Erosion caused by geologic

processes acting over long geologic periods and

resulting in the wearing away of mountains and

the building up of such landscape features as

flood plains and coastal plains. Synonym: natural

erosion.

Erosion (accelerated). Erosion much more rapid

than geologic erosion, mainly as a result of human

or animal activities or of a catastrophe in nature,

such as a fire, that exposes the surface.

Erosion pavement. A layer of gravel or stones that

remains on the surface after fine particles are

removed by sheet or rill erosion.

Escarpment. A relatively continuous and steep slope

or cliff breaking the general continuity of more

gently sloping land surfaces and resulting from

erosion or faulting. Synonym: scarp.

Esker. A narrow, winding ridge of stratified gravelly

and sandy drift deposited by a stream flowing in a

tunnel beneath a glacier.

Extrusive rock. Igneous rock derived from deepseated molten matter (magma) emplaced on the

earth’s surface.

Fallow. Cropland left idle in order to restore

productivity to accumulation of moisture. Summer

fallow is common in regions of limited rainfall

where cereal grain is grown. The soil is tilled for at

least one growing season for weed control and

decomposition of plant residue.

Fan terrace. A relict alluvial fan, no longer a site of

active deposition, incised by younger and lower

alluvial surfaces.

Fertility, soil. The quality that enables a soil to provide

plant nutrients, in adequate amounts and in proper

balance, for the growth of specified plants when

light, moisture, temperature, tilth, and other growth

factors are favorable.

Fibric soil material (peat). The least decomposed of

all organic soil material. Peat contains a large

amount of well preserved fiber that is readily

identifiable according to botanical origin. Peat has

the lowest bulk density and the highest water

content at saturation of all organic soil material.

Field moisture capacity. The moisture content of a

soil, expressed as a percentage of the ovendry

weight, after the gravitational, or free, water has

drained away; the field moisture content 2 or 3

days after a soaking rain; also called normal field

capacity, normal moisture capacity, or capillary

capacity.

Fill slope. A sloping surface consisting of excavated

soil material from a road cut. It commonly is on the

downhill side of the road.

Fine textured soil. Sandy clay, silty clay, or clay.

Firebreak. Area cleared of flammable material to stop

or help control creeping or running fires. It also

serves as a line from which to work and to

facilitate the movement of firefighters and

equipment. Designated roads also serve as

firebreaks.

First bottom. The normal flood plain of a stream,

subject to frequent or occasional flooding.

Flaggy soil material. Material that has, by volume, 15

to 35 percent flagstones. Very flaggy soil material
314 Soil Survey

has 35 to 60 percent flagstones, and extremely

flaggy soil material has more than 60 percent

flagstones.

Flagstone. A thin fragment of sandstone, limestone,

slate, shale, or (rarely) schist 6 to 15 inches (15 to

38 centimeters) long.

Flood plain. A nearly level alluvial plain that borders a

stream and is subject to flooding unless protected

artificially.

Fluvial. Of or pertaining to rivers; produced by river

action, as a fluvial plain.

Foothill. A steeply sloping upland that has relief of as

much as 1,000 feet (300 meters) and fringes a

mountain range or high-plateau escarpment.

Footslope. The position that forms the inner, gently

inclined surface at the base of a hillslope. In

profile, footslopes are commonly concave. A

footslope is a transition zone between upslope

sites of erosion and transport (shoulders and

backslopes) and downslope sites of deposition

(toeslopes).

Forb. Any herbaceous plant not a grass or a sedge.

Forest cover. All trees and other woody plants

(underbrush) covering the ground in a forest.

Forest type. A stand of trees similar in composition

and development because of given physical and

biological factors by which it may be differentiated

from other stands.

Fragipan. A loamy, brittle subsurface horizon low in

porosity and content of organic matter and low or

moderate in clay but high in silt or very fine sand.

A fragipan appears cemented and restricts roots.

When dry, it is hard or very hard and has a higher

bulk density than the horizon or horizons above.

When moist, it tends to rupture suddenly under

pressure rather than to deform slowly.

Genesis, soil. The mode of origin of the soil. Refers

especially to the processes or soil-forming factors

responsible for the formation of the solum, or true

soil, from the unconsolidated parent material.

Gilgai. Commonly, a succession of microbasins and

microknolls in nearly level areas or of microvalleys

and microridges parallel with the slope. Typically,

the microrelief of clayey soils that shrink and swell

considerably with changes in moisture content.

Glacial drift. Pulverized and other rock material

transported by glacial ice and then deposited.

Also, the sorted and unsorted material deposited

by streams flowing from glaciers.

Glacial outwash. Gravel, sand, and silt, commonly

stratified, deposited by glacial meltwater.

Glacial till. Unsorted, nonstratified glacial drift

consisting of clay, silt, sand, and boulders

transported and deposited by glacial ice.

Glaciofluvial deposits. Material moved by glaciers

and subsequently sorted and deposited by

streams flowing from the melting ice. The deposits

are stratified and occur as kames, eskers, deltas,

and outwash plains.

Glaciolacustrine deposits. Material ranging from fine

clay to sand derived from glaciers and deposited

in glacial lakes mainly by glacial meltwater. Many

deposits are interbedded or laminated.

Gleyed soil. Soil that formed under poor

drainage, resulting in the reduction of iron

and other elements in the profile and in gray

colors.

Graded stripcropping. Growing crops in strips that

grade toward a protected waterway.

Grassed waterway. A natural or constructed

waterway, typically broad and shallow, seeded to

grass as protection against erosion. Conducts

surface water away from cropland.

Gravel. Rounded or angular fragments of rock as

much as 3 inches (2 millimeters to 7.6

centimeters) in diameter. An individual piece is a

pebble.

Gravelly soil material. Material that has 15 to 35

percent, by volume, rounded or angular rock

fragments, not prominently flattened, as much as

3 inches (7.6 centimeters) in diameter.

Green manure crop (agronomy). A soil-improving

crop grown to be plowed under in an early stage

of maturity or soon after maturity.

Ground water. Water filling all the unblocked pores of

the material below the water table.

Gully. A miniature valley with steep sides cut by

running water and to which water ordinarily runs

only after rainfall. The distinction between a gully

and a rill is one of depth. A gully generally is an

obstacle to farm machinery and is too deep to be

obliterated by ordinary tillage; a rill is of lesser

depth and can be smoothed over by ordinary

tillage.

Hard bedrock. Bedrock that cannot be excavated

except by blasting or by the use of special

equipment that is not commonly used in

construction.

Hardpan. A hardened or cemented soil horizon, or

layer. The soil material is sandy, loamy, or clayey

and is cemented by iron oxide, silica, calcium

carbonate, or other substance.

Head out. To form a flower head.

Head slope. A geomorphic component of hills

consisting of a laterally concave area of a hillside,

especially at the head of a drainageway. The

overland waterflow is converging.

Hemic soil material (mucky peat). Organic soil
St. Lawrence County, New York 315

material intermediate in degree of decomposition

between the less decomposed fibric material and

the more decomposed sapric material.

High-residue crops. Such crops as small grain and

corn used for grain. If properly managed, residue

from these crops can be used to control erosion

until the next crop in the rotation is established.

These crops return large amounts of organic

matter to the soil.

Hill. A natural elevation of the land surface, rising as

much as 1,000 feet above surrounding lowlands,

commonly of limited summit area and having a

well defined outline; hillsides generally have

slopes of more than 15 percent. The distinction

between a hill and a mountain is arbitrary and is

dependent on local usage.

Horizon, soil. A layer of soil, approximately parallel to

the surface, having distinct characteristics

produced by soil-forming processes. In the

identification of soil horizons, an uppercase letter

represents the major horizons. Numbers or

lowercase letters that follow represent

subdivisions of the major horizons. An explanation

of the subdivisions is given in the “Soil Survey

Manual.” The major horizons of mineral soil are as

follows:

O horizon.—An organic layer of fresh and

decaying plant residue.

A horizon.—The mineral horizon at or near the

surface in which an accumulation of humified

organic matter is mixed with the mineral material.

Also, a plowed surface horizon, most of which was

originally part of a B horizon.

E horizon.—The mineral horizon in which the main

feature is loss of silicate clay, iron, aluminum, or

some combination of these.

B horizon.—The mineral horizon below an A

horizon. The B horizon is in part a layer of

transition from the overlying A to the underlying C

horizon. The B horizon also has distinctive

characteristics, such as (1) accumulation of clay,

sesquioxides, humus, or a combination of these;

(2) prismatic or blocky structure; (3) redder or

browner colors than those in the A horizon; or (4)

a combination of these.

C horizon.—The mineral horizon or layer,

excluding indurated bedrock, that is little affected

by soil-forming processes and does not have the

properties typical of the overlying soil material.

The material of a C horizon may be either like or

unlike that in which the solum formed. If the

material is known to differ from that in the solum,

an Arabic numeral, commonly a 2, precedes the

letter C.

Cr horizon.—Soft, consolidated bedrock beneath

the soil.

R layer.—Consolidated bedrock beneath the soil.

The bedrock commonly underlies a C horizon, but

it can be directly below an A or a B horizon.

Humus. The well decomposed, more or less stable

part of the organic matter in mineral soils.

Hydrologic soil groups. Refers to soils grouped

according to their runoff potential. The soil

properties that influence this potential are those

that affect the minimum rate of water infiltration on

a bare soil during periods after prolonged wetting

when the soil is not frozen. These properties are

depth to a seasonal high water table, the

infiltration rate and permeability after prolonged

wetting, and depth to a very slowly permeable

layer. The slope and the kind of plant cover are not

considered but are separate factors in predicting

runoff.

Igneous rock. Rock formed by solidification from a

molten or partially molten state. Major varieties

include plutonic and volcanic rock. Examples are

andesite, basalt, and granite.

Illuviation. The movement of soil material from one

horizon to another in the soil profile. Generally,

material is removed from an upper horizon and

deposited in a lower horizon.

Impervious soil. A soil to which water, air, or roots

penetrate slowly or not at all. No soil is absolutely

impervious to air and water all the time.

Increasers. Species in the climax vegetation that

increase in amount as the more desirable plants

are reduced by close grazing. Increasers

commonly are the shorter plants and the less

palatable to livestock.

Infiltration. The downward entry of water into the

immediate surface of soil or other material, as

contrasted with percolation, which is movement of

water to soil layers or material.

Infiltration capacity. The maximum rate at which

water can infiltrate into a soil under a given set of

conditions.

Infiltration rate. The rate at which water penetrates

the surface of the soil at any given instant, usually

expressed in inches per hour. The rate can be

limited by the infiltration capacity of the soil or the

rate at which water is applied at the surface.

Intake rate. The average rate of water entering the

soil under irrigation. Most soils have a fast initial

rate; the rate decreases with application time.

Therefore, intake rate for design purposes is not a

constant but is a variable depending on the net

irrigation application. The rate of water intake, in

inches per hour, is expressed as follows:
316 Soil Survey

Less than 0.2 ............................................... very low

0.2 to 0.4 .............................................................. low

0.4 to 0.75 ......................................... moderately low

0.75 to 1.25 ................................................ moderate

1.25 to 1.75 ..................................... moderately high

1.75 to 2.5 .......................................................... high

More than 2.5 ............................................. very high

Interfluve. An elevated area between two

drainageways that sheds water to those

drainageways.

Intermittent stream. A stream, or reach of a stream,

that flows for prolonged periods only when it

receives ground-water discharge or long,

continued contributions from melting snow or other

surface and shallow subsurface sources.

Invaders. On range, plants that encroach into an area

and grow after the climax vegetation has been

reduced by grazing. Generally, plants invade

following disturbance of the surface.

Iron depletions. Low-chroma zones having a low

content of iron and manganese oxide because of

chemical reduction and removal, but having a clay

content similar to that of the adjacent matrix. A

type of redoximorphic depletion.

Irrigation. Application of water to soils to assist in

production of crops. Methods of irrigation are:

Basin.—Water is applied rapidly to nearly level

plains surrounded by levees or dikes.

Border.—Water is applied at the upper end of a

strip in which the lateral flow of water is controlled

by small earth ridges called border dikes, or

borders.

Controlled flooding.—Water is released at

intervals from closely spaced field ditches and

distributed uniformly over the field.

Corrugation.—Water is applied to small, closely

spaced furrows or ditches in fields of closegrowing crops or in orchards so that it flows in only

one direction.

Drip (or trickle).—Water is applied slowly and

under low pressure to the surface of the soil or

into the soil to such applicators as emitters,

porous tubing, or perforated pipe.

Furrow.—Water is applied in small ditches made

by cultivation implements. Furrows are used for

tree and row crops.

Sprinkler.—Water is sprayed over the soil

surface to pipes or nozzles from a pressure

system.

Subirrigation.—Water is applied in open ditches or

tile lines until the water table is raised enough to

wet the soil.

Wild flooding.—Water, released at high points, is

allowed to flow onto an area without controlled

distribution.

Kame. An irregular, short ridge or hill of stratified

glacial drift.

Karst (topography). The relief of an area underlain by

limestone that dissolves in differing degrees, thus

forming numerous depressions or small basins.

Knoll. A small, low, rounded hill rising above adjacent

landforms.

Ksat. Saturated hydraulic conductivity. (See

Permeability.)

Lacustrine deposit. Material deposited in lake water

and exposed when the water level is lowered or

the elevation of the land is raised.

Landslide. The rapid downhill movement of a mass of

soil and loose rock, generally when wet or

saturated. The speed and distance of movement,

as well as the amount of soil and rock material,

vary greatly.

Large stones (in tables). Rock fragments 3 inches

(7.6 centimeters) or more across. Large stones

adversely affect the specified use of the soil.

Leaching. The removal of soluble material from soil or

other material by percolating water.

Linear extensibility. Refers to the change in length of

an unconfined clod as moisture content is

decreased from a moist to a dry state. Linear

extensibility is used to determine the shrink-swell

potential of soils. It is an expression of the volume

change between the water content of the clod at 1/3- or 1

/10-bar tension (33kPa or 10kPa tension)

and oven dryness. Volume change is influenced by

the amount and type of clay minerals in the soil.

The volume change is the percent change for the

whole soil. If it is expressed as a fraction, the

resulting value is COLE, coefficient of linear

extensibility.

Liquid limit. The moisture content at which the soil

passes from a plastic to a liquid state.

Loam. Soil material that is 7 to 27 percent clay

particles, 28 to 50 percent silt particles, and less

than 52 percent sand particles.

Loess. Fine grained material, dominantly of silt-sized

particles, deposited by wind.

Low-residue crops. Such crops as corn used for

silage, peas, beans, and potatoes. Residue from

these crops is not adequate to control erosion until

the next crop in the rotation is established. These

crops return little organic matter to the soil.

Low strength. The soil is not strong enough to

support loads.

Marl. An earthy, unconsolidated deposit consisting

chiefly of calcium carbonate mixed with clay in

approximately equal amounts.
St. Lawrence County, New York 317

Masses. Concentrations of substances in the soil

matrix that do not have a clearly defined boundary

with the surrounding soil material and cannot be

removed as a discrete unit. Common compounds

making up masses are calcium carbonate,

gypsum or other soluble salts, iron oxide, and

manganese oxide. Masses consisting of iron oxide

or manganese oxide generally are considered a

type of redoximorphic concentration.

Mechanical treatment. Use of mechanical equipment

for seeding, brush management, and other

management practices.

Medium textured soil. Very fine sandy loam, loam,

silt loam, or silt.

Mesa. A broad, nearly flat topped and commonly

isolated upland mass characterized by summit

widths that are more than the heights of bounding

erosional scarps.

Metamorphic rock. Rock of any origin altered in

mineralogical composition, chemical composition,

or structure by heat, pressure, and movement.

Nearly all such rocks are crystalline.

Mineral soil. Soil that is mainly mineral material and

low in organic material. Its bulk density is more

than that of organic soil.

Minimum tillage. Only the tillage essential to crop

production and prevention of soil damage.

Miscellaneous area. An area that has little or no

natural soil and supports little or no vegetation.

Moderately coarse textured soil. Coarse sandy

loam, sandy loam, or fine sandy loam.

Moderately fine textured soil. Clay loam, sandy clay

loam, or silty clay loam.

Mollic epipedon. A thick, dark, humus-rich surface

horizon (or horizons) that has high base saturation

and pedogenic soil structure. It may include the

upper part of the subsoil.

Moraine. An accumulation of earth, stones, and other

debris deposited by a glacier. Some types are

terminal, lateral, medial, and ground.

Morphology, soil. The physical makeup of the soil,

including the texture, structure, porosity,

consistence, color, and other physical, mineral,

and biological properties of the various horizons,

and the thickness and arrangement of those

horizons in the soil profile.

Mottling, soil. Irregular spots of different colors that

vary in number and size. Descriptive terms are as

follows: abundance—few, common, and many;

size—fine, medium, and coarse; and contrast—

faint, distinct, and prominent. The size

measurements are of the diameter along the

greatest dimension. Fine indicates less than 5

millimeters (about 0.2 inch); medium, from 5 to 15

millimeters (about 0.2 to 0.6 inch); and

coarse, more than 15 millimeters (about

0.6 inch).

Mountain. A natural elevation of the land surface,

rising more than 1,000 feet above surrounding

lowlands, commonly of restricted summit area

(relative to a plateau) and generally having steep

sides. A mountain can occur as a single, isolated

mass or in a group forming a chain or range.

Muck. Dark, finely divided, well decomposed organic

soil material. (See Sapric soil material.)

Mudstone. Sedimentary rock formed by induration of

silt and clay in approximately equal amounts.

Munsell notation. A designation of color by degrees

of three simple variables—hue, value, and

chroma. For example, a notation of 10YR 6/4 is a

color with hue of 10YR, value of 6, and chroma of

4.

Natric horizon. A special kind of argillic horizon that

contains enough exchangeable sodium to have an

adverse effect on the physical condition of the

subsoil.

Neutral soil. A soil having a pH value of 6.6 to 7.3.

(See Reaction, soil.)

Nodules. Cemented bodies lacking visible internal

structure. Calcium carbonate, iron oxide, and

manganese oxide are common compounds

making up nodules. If formed in place, nodules of

iron oxide or manganese oxide are considered

types of redoximorphic concentrations.

Nose slope. A geomorphic component of hills

consisting of the projecting end (laterally convex

area) of a hillside. The overland waterflow is

predominantly divergent.

Nutrient, plant. Any element taken in by a plant

essential to its growth. Plant nutrients are mainly

nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium,

magnesium, sulfur, iron, manganese, copper,

boron, and zinc obtained from the soil and carbon,

hydrogen, and oxygen obtained from the air and

water.

Organic matter. Plant and animal residue in the soil in

various stages of decomposition. The content of

organic matter in the surface layer is described as

follows:

Very low ................................... less than 0.5 percent

Low ................................................ 0.5 to 1.0 percent

Moderately low .............................. 1.0 to 2.0 percent

Moderate ....................................... 2.0 to 4.0 percent

High ............................................... 4.0 to 8.0 percent

Very high ............................... more than 8.0 percent

Outwash plain. A landform of mainly sandy or coarse

textured material of glaciofluvial origin. An
318 Soil Survey

outwash plain is commonly smooth; where pitted,

it generally is low in relief.

Paleoterrace. An erosional remnant of a terrace that

retains the surface form and alluvial deposits of its

origin but was not emplaced by, and commonly

does not grade to, a present-day stream or

drainage network.

Pan. A compact, dense layer in a soil that impedes the

movement of water and the growth of roots. For

example, hardpan, fragipan, claypan, plowpan,

and traffic pan.

Parent material. The unconsolidated organic and

mineral material in which soil forms.

Peat. Unconsolidated material, largely undecomposed

organic matter, that has accumulated under

excess moisture. (See Fibric soil material.)

Ped. An individual natural soil aggregate, such as a

granule, a prism, or a block.

Pedisediment. A thin layer of alluvial material that

mantles an erosion surface and has been

transported to its present position from higher

lying areas of the erosion surface.

Pedon. The smallest volume that can be called “a soil.”

A pedon is three dimensional and large enough to

permit study of all horizons. Its area ranges from

about 10 to 100 square feet (1 square meter to 10

square meters), depending on the variability of the

soil.

Percolation. The movement of water to the soil.

Permafrost. Layers of soil, or even bedrock, occurring

in arctic or subarctic regions, in which a

temperature below freezing has existed

continuously for a long time.

Permeability. The quality of the soil that enables water

or air to move downward to the profile. The rate at

which a saturated soil transmits water is accepted

as a measure of this quality. In soil physics, the

rate is referred to as “saturated hydraulic

conductivity,” which is defined in the “Soil Survey

Manual.” In line with conventional usage in the

engineering profession and with traditional usage

in published soil surveys, this rate of flow

continues to be expressed as “permeability.” Terms

describing permeability, measured in inches per

hour, are as follows:

Very slow ..................................... less than 0.06 inch

Slow.................................................. 0.06 to 0.2 inch

Moderately slow ................................. 0.2 to 0.6 inch

Moderate ................................ 0.6 inch to 2.0 inches

Moderately rapid ............................ 2.0 to 6.0 inches

Rapid ............................................... 6.0 to 20 inches

Very rapid ................................. more than 20 inches

Phase, soil. A subdivision of a soil series based on

features that affect its use and management, such

as slope, stoniness, and flooding.

pH value. A numerical designation of acidity and

alkalinity in soil. (See F.)

Piping (in tables). Formation of subsurface tunnels or

pipelike cavities by water moving to the soil.

Plasticity index. The numerical difference between

the liquid limit and the plastic limit; the range of

moisture content within which the soil remains

plastic.

Plastic limit. The moisture content at which a soil

changes from semisolid to plastic.

Plateau. An extensive upland mass with relatively flat

summit area that is considerably elevated (more

than 100 meters) above adjacent lowlands and

separated from them on one or more sides by

escarpments.

Playa. The generally dry and nearly level lake plain

that occupies the lowest parts of closed

depressional areas, such as those on

intermontane basin floors. Temporary flooding

occurs primarily in response to precipitation and

runoff.

Plinthite. The sesquioxide-rich, humus-poor, highly

weathered mixture of clay with quartz and other

diluents. It commonly appears as red mottles,

usually in platy, polygonal, or reticulate patterns.

Plinthite changes irreversibly to an ironstone

hardpan or to irregular aggregates on repeated

wetting and drying, especially if it is exposed also

to heat from the sun. In a moist soil, plinthite can

be cut with a spade. It is a form of laterite.

Plowpan. A compacted layer formed in the soil

directly below the plowed layer.

Ponding. Standing water on soils in closed

depressions. Unless the soils are artificially

drained, the water can be removed only by

percolation or evapotranspiration.

Poorly graded. Refers to a coarse grained soil or soil

material consisting mainly of particles of nearly

the same size. Because there is little difference in

size of the particles, density can be increased only

slightly by compaction.

Potential native plant community. See Climax plant

community.

Potential rooting depth (effective rooting depth).

Depth to which roots could penetrate if the content

of moisture in the soil were adequate. The soil has

no properties restricting the penetration of roots to

this depth.

Prescribed burning. Deliberately burning an area for

specific management purposes, under the

appropriate conditions of weather and soil

moisture and at the proper time of day.
St. Lawrence County, New York 319

Productivity, soil. The capability of a soil for

producing a specified plant or sequence of plants

under specific management.

Profile, soil. A vertical section of the soil extending to

all its horizons and into the parent material.

Proper grazing use. Grazing at an intensity that

maintains enough cover to protect the soil and

maintain or improve the quantity and quality of the

desirable vegetation. This practice increases the

vigor and reproduction capacity of the key plants

and promotes the accumulation of litter and mulch

necessary to conserve soil and water.

Rangeland. Land on which the potential natural

vegetation is predominantly grasses, grasslike

plants, forbs, or shrubs suitable for grazing or

browsing. It includes natural grasslands,

savannas, many wetlands, some deserts, tundras,

and areas that support certain forb and shrub

communities.

Reaction, soil. A measure of acidity or alkalinity of a

soil, expressed in pH values. A soil that tests to pH

7.0 is described as precisely neutral in reaction

because it is neither acid nor alkaline. The

degrees of acidity or alkalinity, expressed as pH

values, are:

Extremely acid ..................................... less than 4.5

Very strongly acid ...................................... 4.5 to 5.0

Strongly acid .............................................. 5.1 to 5.5

Moderately acid .......................................... 5.6 to 6.0

Slightly acid ................................................ 6.1 to 6.5

Neutral ........................................................ 6.6 to 7.3

Slightly alkaline .......................................... 7.4 to 7.8

Moderately alkaline .................................... 7.9 to 8.4

Strongly alkaline ........................................ 8.5 to 9.0

Very strongly alkaline ...................... greater than 9.0

Red beds. Sedimentary strata that are mainly red and

are made up largely of sandstone and shale.

Redoximorphic concentrations. Nodules,

concretions, soft masses, pore linings, and other

features resulting from the accumulation of iron

or manganese oxide. An indication of

chemical reduction and oxidation resulting from

saturation.

Redoximorphic depletions. Low-chroma zones from

which iron and manganese oxide or a combination

of iron and manganese oxide and clay has been

removed. These zones are indications of the

chemical reduction of iron resulting from

saturation.

Redoximorphic features. Redoximorphic

concentrations, redoximorphic depletions, reduced

matrices, a positive reaction to alpha,alphadipyridyl, and other features indicating the

chemical reduction and oxidation of iron and

manganese compounds resulting from saturation.

Reduced matrix. A soil matrix that has low chroma in

situ because of chemically reduced iron (Fe II).

The chemical reduction results from nearly

continuous wetness. The matrix undergoes a

change in hue or chroma within 30 minutes after

exposure to air as the iron is oxidized (Fe III). A

type of redoximorphic feature.

Regolith. The unconsolidated mantle of weathered

rock and soil material on the earth’s surface; the

loose earth material above the solid rock.

Relief. The elevations or inequalities of a land surface,

considered collectively.

Residuum (residual soil material). Unconsolidated,

weathered or partly weathered mineral material

that accumulated as consolidated rock

disintegrated in place.

Rill. A steep-sided channel resulting from accelerated

erosion. A rill generally is a few inches deep and

not wide enough to be an obstacle to farm

machinery.

Road cut. A sloping surface produced by mechanical

means during road construction. It is commonly on

the uphill side of the road.

Rock fragments. Rock or mineral fragments having a

diameter of 2 millimeters or more; for example,

pebbles, cobbles, stones, and boulders.

Root zone. The part of the soil that can be penetrated

by plant roots.

Runoff. The precipitation discharged into stream

channels from an area. The water that flows off the

surface of the land without sinking into the soil is

called surface runoff. Water that enters the soil

before reaching surface streams is called groundwater runoff or seepage flow from ground water.

Saline soil. A soil containing soluble salts in an

amount that impairs growth of plants. A saline soil

does not contain excess exchangeable sodium.

Sand. As a soil separate, individual rock or mineral

fragments from 0.05 millimeter to 2.0 millimeters in

diameter. Most sand grains consist of quartz. As a

soil textural class, a soil that is 85 percent or more

sand and not more than 10 percent clay.

Sandstone. Sedimentary rock containing dominantly

sand-sized particles.

Sapric soil material (muck). The most highly

decomposed of all organic soil material. Muck has

the least amount of plant fiber, the highest bulk

density, and the lowest water content at saturation

of all organic soil material.

Saprolite. Unconsolidated residual material

underlying the soil and grading to hard bedrock

below.
320 Soil Survey

Saturation. Wetness characterized by zero or positive

pressure of the soil water. Under conditions of

saturation, the water will flow from the soil matrix

into an unlined auger hole.

Scarification. The act of abrading, scratching,

loosening, crushing, or modifying the surface to

increase water absorption or to provide a more

tillable soil.

Seasonal high water table. A zone of saturation at

the highest average depth during the wettest

season. It is at least 6 inches thick, persists in the

soil for more than a few weeks, and is within 6 feet

of the soil surface. The depth to the seasonal high

water table implies the degree of wetness in the

soil.

Second bottom. The first terrace above the normal

flood plain (or first bottom) of a river.

Sedimentary rock. Rock made up of particles

deposited from suspension in water. The chief

kinds of sedimentary rock are conglomerate,

formed from gravel; sandstone, formed from sand;

shale, formed from clay; and limestone, formed

from soft masses of calcium carbonate. There are

many intermediate types. Some wind-deposited

sand is consolidated into sandstone.

Sequum. A sequence consisting of an illuvial horizon

and the overlying eluvial horizon. (See Eluviation.)

Series, soil. A group of soils that have profiles that are

almost alike, except for differences in texture of

the surface layer. All the soils of a series have

horizons that are similar in composition, thickness,

and arrangement.

Shale. Sedimentary rock formed by the hardening of a

clay deposit.

Sheet erosion. The removal of a fairly uniform layer of

soil material from the land surface by the action of

rainfall and surface runoff.

Shot rock. Shot rock consists of angular stones and

boulders that blasting dislodged during mining

operations. Shot rock thus came from rock strata

overlying target ore seams; it has not passed

through a crusher or other ore recovery

processes.

Shoulder. The position that forms the uppermost

inclined surface near the top of a hillslope. It is a

transition from backslope to summit. The surface

is dominantly convex in profile and erosional in

origin.

Shrink-swell (in tables). The shrinking of soil when

dry and the swelling when wet. Shrinking and

swelling can damage roads, dams, building

foundations, and other structures. It can also

damage plant roots.

Side slope. A geomorphic component of hills

consisting of a laterally planar area of a hillside.

The overland waterflow is predominantly parallel.

Silica. A combination of silicon and oxygen. The

mineral form is called quartz.

Silica-sesquioxide ratio. The ratio of the number of

molecules of silica to the number of molecules of

alumina and iron oxide. The more highly

weathered soils or their clay fractions in warmtemperate, humid regions, and especially those in

the tropics, generally have a low ratio.

Silt. As a soil separate, individual mineral particles

that range in diameter from the upper limit of clay

(0.002 millimeter) to the lower limit of very fine

sand (0.05 millimeter). As a soil textural class, soil

that is 80 percent or more silt and less than 12

percent clay.

Siltstone. Sedimentary rock made up of dominantly

silt-sized particles.

Similar soils. Soils that share limits of diagnostic

criteria, behave and perform in a similar manner,

and have similar conservation needs or

management requirements for the major land uses

in the survey area.

Sinkhole. A depression in the landscape where

limestone has been dissolved.

Site index. A designation of the quality of a forest site

based on the height of the dominant stand at an

arbitrarily chosen age. For example, if the average

height attained by dominant and codominant trees

in a fully stocked stand at the age of 50 years is

75 feet, the site index is 75.

Slickensides. Polished and grooved surfaces

produced by one mass sliding past another. In

soils, slickensides may occur at the bases of slip

surfaces on the steeper slopes; on faces of blocks,

prisms, and columns; and in swelling clayey soils,

where there is marked change in moisture

content.

Slick spot. A small area of soil having a puddled,

crusted, or smooth surface and an excess of

exchangeable sodium. The soil generally is silty or

clayey, is slippery when wet, and is low in

productivity.

Slope. The inclination of the land surface from the

horizontal. Percentage of slope is the vertical

distance divided by horizontal distance, then

multiplied by 100. Thus, a slope of 20 percent is a

drop of 20 feet in 100 feet of horizontal distance. In

this survey, classes for simple slopes are as

follows:

Nearly level ......................................... 0 to 3 percent

Gently sloping ..................................... 3 to 8 percent

Strongly sloping ................................ 8 to 15 percent

Moderately steep ............................ 15 to 25 percent
St. Lawrence County, New York 321

Steep ............................................... 25 to 35 percent

Very steep .............................. 35 percent and higher

Sloughed till. Water-saturated till that has flowed

slowly downhill from its original place of deposit by

glacial ice. It may rest on other till, on glacial

outwash, or on a glaciolacustrine deposit.

Slow refill (in tables). The slow filling of ponds,

resulting from restricted permeability in the soil.

Sodic (alkali) soil. A soil having so high a degree of

alkalinity (pH 8.5 or higher) or so high a

percentage of exchangeable sodium (15 percent

or more of the total exchangeable bases), or both,

that plant growth is restricted.

Sodicity. The degree to which a soil is affected by

exchangeable sodium. Sodicity is expressed as a

sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) of a saturation

extract, or the ratio of Na+ to Ca++ + Mg++. The

degrees of sodicity and their respective ratios are:

Slight .................................................. less than 13:1

Moderate ....................................................... 13-30:1

Strong ................................................ more than 30:1

Sodium adsorption ratio (SAR). A measure of the

amount of sodium (Na) relative to calcium (Ca)

and magnesium (Mg) in the water extract from

saturated soil paste. It is the ratio of the Na

concentration divided by the square root of onehalf of the Ca + Mg concentration.

Soft bedrock. Bedrock that can be excavated with

trenching machines, backhoes, small rippers, and

other equipment commonly used in construction.

Soil. A natural, three-dimensional body at the earth’s

surface. It is capable of supporting plants and has

properties resulting from the integrated effect of

climate and living matter acting on earthy parent

material, as conditioned by relief over periods of

time.

Soil separates. Mineral particles less than 2

millimeters in equivalent diameter and ranging

between specified size limits. The names and

sizes, in millimeters, of separates recognized in

the United States are as follows:

Very coarse sand ....................................... 2.0 to 1.0

Coarse sand ............................................... 1.0 to 0.5

Medium sand ........................................... 0.5 to 0.25

Fine sand ............................................... 0.25 to 0.10

Very fine sand ........................................ 0.10 to 0.05

Silt ........................................................ 0.05 to 0.002

Clay .................................................. less than 0.002

Solum. The upper part of a soil profile, above the C

horizon, in which the processes of soil formation

are active. The solum in soil consists of the A, E,

and B horizons. Generally, the characteristics of

the material in these horizons are unlike those of

the material below the solum. The living roots and

plant and animal activities are largely confined to

the solum.

Spodic horizon. A dark reddish brown or reddish

brown soil layer with fine sandy loam or coarser

texture. This layer is a result of iluviated organic

matter and aluminum, with or without iron.

Stone line. A concentration of coarse fragments in a

soil. Generally, it is indicative of an old weathered

surface. In a cross section, the line may be one

fragment or more thick. It generally overlies

material that weathered in place and is overlain by

recent sediment of variable thickness.

Stones. Rock fragments 10 to 24 inches (25 to 60

centimeters) in diameter if rounded or 15 to 24

inches (38 to 60 centimeters) in length if flat.

Stony. Refers to a soil containing stones in numbers

that interfere with or prevent tillage.

Stripcropping. Growing crops in a systematic

arrangement of strips or bands that provide

vegetative barriers to wind erosion and water

erosion.

Structure, soil. The arrangement of primary soil

particles into compound particles or aggregates.

The principal forms of soil structure are—platy

(laminated), prismatic (vertical axis of aggregates

longer than horizontal), columnar (prisms with

rounded tops), blocky (angular or subangular),

and granular. Structureless soils are either single

grained (each grain by itself, as in dune sand) or

massive (the particles adhering without any

regular cleavage, as in many hardpans).

Stubble mulch. Stubble or other crop residue left on

the soil or partly worked into the soil. It protects

the soil from wind erosion and water erosion after

harvest, during preparation of a seedbed for the

next crop, and during the early growing period of

the new crop.

Subsoil. Technically, the B horizon; roughly, the part of

the solum below plow depth.

Subsoiling. Tilling a soil below normal plow depth,

ordinarily to shatter a hardpan or claypan.

Substratum. The part of the soil below the solum.

Subsurface layer. Any surface soil horizon (A, E, AB,

or EB) below the surface layer.

Summer fallow. The tillage of uncropped land during

the summer to control weeds and allow storage of

moisture in the soil for the growth of a later crop. A

practice common in semiarid regions, where

annual precipitation is not enough to produce a

crop every year. Summer fallow is frequently

practiced before planting winter grain.

Summit. The topographically highest position of a
322

hillslope. It has a nearly level (planar or only

slightly convex) surface.

Surface layer. The soil ordinarily moved in tillage, or

its equivalent in uncultivated soil, ranging in depth

from 4 to 10 inches (10 to 25 centimeters).

Frequently designated as the “plow layer,” or the

“Ap horizon.”

Surface soil. The A, E, AB, and EB horizons,

considered collectively. It includes all subdivisions

of these horizons.

Talus. Fragments of rock and other soil material

accumulated by gravity at the foot of cliffs or steep

slopes.

Taxadjuncts. Soils that cannot be classified in a

series recognized in the classification system.

Such soils are named for a series they strongly

resemble and are designated as taxadjuncts to

that series because they differ in ways too small to

be of consequence in interpreting their use and

behavior. Soils are recognized as taxadjuncts only

when one or more of their characteristics are

slightly outside the range defined for the family of

the series for which the soils are named.

Terminal moraine. A belt of thick glacial drift generally

marking the end of important glacial advances.

Terrace. An embankment, or ridge, constructed

across sloping soils on the contour or at a slight

angle to the contour. The terrace intercepts

surface runoff so that water soaks into the soil or

flows slowly to a prepared outlet. A terrace in a

field generally is built so that the field can be

farmed. A terrace intended mainly for drainage

has a deep channel that is maintained in

permanent sod.

Terrace (geologic). An old alluvial plain, ordinarily flat

or undulating, bordering a river, a lake, or the sea.

Texture, soil. The relative proportions of sand, silt,

and clay particles in a mass of soil. The basic

textural classes, in order of increasing proportion

of fine particles, are sand, loamy sand, sandy

loam, loam, silt loam, silt, sandy clay loam, clay

loam, silty clay loam, sandy clay, silty clay, and

clay. The sand, loamy sand, and sandy loam

classes may be further divided by specifying

“coarse,” “fine,” or “very fine.”

Thin layer (in tables). Otherwise suitable soil material

that is too thin for the specified use.

Till plain. An extensive area of nearly level to

undulating soils underlain by glacial till.

Tilth, soil. The physical condition of the soil as related

to tillage, seedbed preparation, seedling

emergence, and root penetration.

Toeslope. The position that forms the gently inclined

surface at the base of a hillslope. Toeslopes in

profile are commonly gentle and linear and are

constructional surfaces forming the lower part of a

hillslope continuum that grades to valley or closeddepression floors.

Topsoil. The upper part of the soil, which is the most

favorable material for plant growth. It is ordinarily

rich in organic matter and is used to topdress

roadbanks, lawns, and land affected by mining.

Trace elements. Chemical elements, for example,

zinc, cobalt, manganese, copper, and iron, in soils

in extremely small amounts. They are essential to

plant growth.

Tuff. A compacted deposit that is 50 percent or more

volcanic ash and dust.

Upland. Land at a higher elevation, in general, than

the alluvial plain or stream terrace; land above the

lowlands along streams.

Valley fill. In glaciated regions, material deposited in

stream valleys by glacial meltwater. In

nonglaciated regions, alluvium deposited by

heavily loaded streams.

Variegation. Refers to patterns of contrasting colors

assumed to be inherited from the parent material

rather than to be the result of poor drainage.

Varve. A sedimentary layer or a lamina or sequence of

laminae deposited in a body of still water within a

year. Specifically, a thin pair of graded

glaciolacustrine layers seasonally deposited,

usually by meltwater streams, in a glacial lake or

other body of still water in front of a glacier.

Water bars. Smooth, shallow ditches or depressional

areas that are excavated at an angle across a

sloping road. They are used to reduce the

downward velocity of water and divert it off and

away from the road surface. Water bars can easily

be driven over if constructed properly.

Weathering. All physical and chemical changes

produced in rocks or other deposits at or near the

earth’s surface by atmospheric agents. These

changes result in disintegration and

decomposition of the material.

Well graded. Refers to soil material consisting of

coarse grained particles that are well distributed

over a wide range in size or diameter. Such soil

normally can be easily increased in density and

bearing properties by compaction. Contrasts with

poorly graded soil.

Wilting point (or permanent wilting point). The

moisture content of soil, on an ovendry basis, at

which a plant (specifically a sunflower) wilts so

much that it does not recover when placed in a

humid, dark chamber.

Windthrow. The uprooting and tipping over of trees by

the wind.
323

Tables
324 Soil Survey

Table 1.--Temperature and Precipitation

 (Recorded in the period 1951-86 at Canton, New York)

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | |

 | Temperature | Precipitation

_________|_______________________________________________________|_______________________________________

 | | | | 2 years in | | |2 years in 10| |

 | | | | 10 will have-- | | | will have-- | |

 Month |Average|Average|Average|_______________________|Average|Average|_____________| Average |Average

 | daily | daily | daily | | |number | | | | number | snow-

 |minimum|minimum| | Maximum | Minimum | of | | Less | More | of days | fall

 | | | |temperature|temperature|growing| |than--|than--|with 0.10|

 | | | | higher | lower | degree| | | | inch or |

 | | | | than-- | than-- | days* | | | | more |

_________|_______|_______|_______|___________|___________|_______|_______|______|______|_________|_______

 | oF | oF | oF | oF | oF | Units | In | In | In | | In

 | | | | | | | | | | |

January--| 25.2 | 4.6 | 14.9 | 56 | 0 | 0 | 2.09 | 1.22| 2.85| 7 | 21.2

 | | | | | | | | | | |

February-| 28.3 | 7.4 | 17.9 | 57 | 0 | 9 | 2.10 | 1.01| 3.04| 6 | 17.2

 | | | | | | | | | | |

March----| 38.4 | 19.3 | 28.9 | 70 | 0 | 24 | 2.22 | 1.16| 3.13| 7 | 12.3

 | | | | | | | | | | |

April----| 53.2 | 32.6 | 42.9 | 81 | 10 | 153 | 2.87 | 1.75| 3.87| 8 | 3.4

 | | | | | | | | | | |

May------| 66.1 | 43.4 | 54.8 | 86 | 24 | 459 | 3.19 | 1.89| 4.35| 8 | 0.2

 | | | | | | | | | | |

June-----| 74.7 | 52.7 | 63.7 | 89 | 33 | 711 | 3.15 | 2.01| 4.18| 7 | 0.0

 | | | | | | | | | | |

July-----| 79.6 | 57.5 | 68.6 | 91 | 39 | 887 | 3.36 | 2.03| 4.56| 7 | 0.0

 | | | | | | | | | | |

August---| 77.4 | 55.4 | 66.4 | 90 | 36 | 818 | 4.07 | 2.14| 5.75| 8 | 0.0

 | | | | | | | | | | |

September| 69.7 | 47.7 | 58.7 | 87 | 26 | 561 | 3.80 | 2.44| 5.02| 8 | 0.0

 | | | | | | | | | | |

October--| 58.2 | 37.1 | 47.7 | 80 | 16 | 261 | 3.12 | 1.81| 4.28| 8 | 0.3

 | | | | | | | | | | |

November-| 44.7 | 28.3 | 36.5 | 70 | 3 | 54 | 3.18 | 1.97| 4.27| 8 | 5.9

 | | | | | | | | | | |

December-| 30.9 | 12.6 | 21.8 | 61 | 3 | 18 | 2.83 | 1.67| 3.86| 8 | 20.5

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

Yearly: | | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 Average| 53.9 | 33.2 | 43.6 | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---| ---| --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 Extreme| --- | --- | --- | 92 | 3 | --- | --- | ---| ---| --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 Total--| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |3,955 | 35.98 | 31.52| 40.31| 90 | 81.0

_________|_______|_______|_______|___________|___________|_______|_______|______|______|_________|_______

 * A growing degree day is a unit of heat available for plant growth. It can be calculated by adding

the maximum and minimum daily temperatures, dividing the sum by 2, and subtracting the temperature below

which growth is minimal for the principal crops in the area (40 degrees F).
St. Lawrence County, New York 325

Table 2.--Freeze Dates in Spring and Fall

 (Recorded in the period 1951-86 at Canton, New York)

______________________________________________________________

 |

 | Temperature

 |__________________________________________

 Probability | | |

 | 24 oF | 28 oF | 32 oF

 | or lower | or lower | or lower

___________________|_____________|_____________|______________

 | | |

 | | |

 Last freezing | | |

 temperature | | |

 in spring: | | |

 | | |

 1 year in 10 | | |

 later than-- | May 4 | May 22 | June 4

 | | |

 2 years in 10 | | |

 later than-- | Apr. 29 | May 16 | May 30

 | | |

 5 years in 10 | | |

 later than-- | Apr. 20 | May 3 | May 20

 | | |

 First freezing | | |

 temperature | | |

 in fall: | | |

 | | |

 1 year in 10 | | |

 earlier than-- | Oct. 3 | Sept. 21 | Sept. 7

 | | |

 2 years in 10 | | |

 earlier than-- | Oct. 8 | Sept. 27 | Sept. 13

 | | |

 5 years in 10 | | |

 earlier than-- | Oct. 19 | Oct. 8 | Sept. 23

___________________|_____________|_____________|______________

Table 3.--Growing Season

 (Recorded in the period 1951-86 at Canton, New York)

 _____________________________________________________

 |

 | Daily minimum temperature

 | during growing season

 |___________________________________

 Probability | | |

 | Higher | Higher | Higher

 | than | than | than

 | 24 oF | 28 oF | 32 oF

 _________________|____________|___________|__________

 | Days | Days | Days

 | | |

 9 years in 10 | 158 | 131 | 102

 | | |

 8 years in 10 | 166 | 140 | 110

 | | |

 5 years in 10 | 181 | 157 | 125

 | | |

 2 years in 10 | 197 | 173 | 140

 | | |

 1 year in 10 | 204 | 182 | 147

 _________________|____________|___________|__________
326 Soil Survey

Table 4.--Acreage and Proportionate Extent of the Soils

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map | Soil name | Acres |Percent

symbol | | |

_______|__________________________________________________________________________|___________|________

 | | |

021 |Dawson-Fluvaquents-Loxley complex, frequently flooded---------------------| 46,271 | 2.6

023 |Loxley-Dawson complex-----------------------------------------------------| 16,036 | 0.9

363A |Adams sand, 0 to 3 percent slopes-----------------------------------------| 4,042 | 0.2

363B |Adams sand, 3 to 15 percent slopes----------------------------------------| 18,570 | 1.0

363D |Adams sand, 15 to 35 percent slopes---------------------------------------| 4,037 | 0.2

365 |Naumburg-Croghan complex--------------------------------------------------| 12,585 | 0.7

376A |Colton-Duxbury-Adams complex, 0 to 3 percent slopes-----------------------| 3,937 | 0.2

376C |Colton-Duxbury-Adams complex, 3 to 15 percent slopes----------------------| 48,836 | 2.7

376D |Colton-Duxbury-Adams complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes---------------------| 17,216 | 1.0

380B |Colton-Duxbury-Dawson complex, 0 to 15 percent slopes---------------------| 12,977 | 0.7

380D |Colton-Duxbury-Dawson complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes--------------------| 18,526 | 1.0

643C |Berkshire loam, 3 to 15 percent slopes, very bouldery---------------------| 13,390 | 0.7

643D |Berkshire loam, 15 to 35 percent slopes, very bouldery--------------------| 3,827 | 0.2

644C |Berkshire-Lyme complex, rolling, very bouldery----------------------------| 17,892 | 1.0

644D |Berkshire-Lyme complex, hilly, very bouldery------------------------------| 2,578 | 0.1

709B |Adirondack-Tughill-Lyme complex, 0 to 8 percent slopes, very bouldery-----| 17,456 | 1.0

741C |Potsdam-Tunbridge-Crary complex, 3 to 15 percent slopes, very bouldery----| 68,283 | 3.8

741D |Potsdam-Tunbridge complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes, very bouldery---------| 40,141 | 2.2

743C |Potsdam very fine sandy loam, 3 to 15 percent slopes, very bouldery-------| 30,959 | 1.7

743D |Potsdam very fine sandy loam, 15 to 35 percent slopes, very bouldery------| 6,851 | 0.4

745C |Crary-Potsdam complex, 3 to 15 percent slopes, very bouldery--------------| 32,816 | 1.8

747B |Crary-Adirondack complex, 0 to 8 percent slopes, very bouldery------------| 16,574 | 0.9

807 |Udorthents, mine waste----------------------------------------------------| 1,872 | 0.1

831C |Tunbridge-Lyman complex, 3 to 15 percent slopes, very rocky---------------| 25,227 | 1.4

831D |Tunbridge-Lyman complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes, very rocky--------------| 49,244 | 2.7

831F |Tunbridge-Lyman complex, 35 to 60 percent slopes, very rocky--------------| 3,060 | 0.2

833C |Tunbridge-Adirondack-Lyman complex, rolling, very bouldery----------------| 16,706 | 0.9

835C |Tunbridge-Borosaprists-Ricker complex, rolling, very rocky----------------| 15,900 | 0.9

861C |Lyman-Ricker-Rock outcrop complex, 3 to 15 percent slopes, very bouldery--| 4,892 | 0.3

861D |Lyman-Ricker-Rock outcrop complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes, very bouldery-| 9,423 | 0.5

861F |Lyman-Ricker-Rock outcrop complex, 35 to 60 percent slopes, very bouldery-| 6,210 | 0.3

891F |Rock outcrop-Ricker-Lyman complex, 35 to 60 percent slopes, very bouldery-| 1,629 | *

AaB |Adams sand, 2 to 8 percent slopes-----------------------------------------| 17,582 | 1.0

AaC |Adams sand, rolling-------------------------------------------------------| 9,258 | 0.5

AaD |Adams sand, 15 to 35 percent slopes---------------------------------------| 8,377 | 0.5

AdB |Adams loamy fine sand, 2 to 8 percent slopes------------------------------| 15,693 | 0.9

AdC |Adams loamy fine sand, 8 to 15 percent slopes-----------------------------| 3,696 | 0.2

Ak |Adjidaumo silty clay------------------------------------------------------| 40,852 | 2.3

Am |Adjidaumo mucky silty clay------------------------------------------------| 6,465 | 0.4

Ao |Adjidaumo silty clay, flooded---------------------------------------------| 6,170 | 0.3

Ap |Adjidaumo silty clay, rocky-----------------------------------------------| 2,439 | 0.1

ArC |Adjidaumo-Summerville-Rock outcrop complex, rolling-----------------------| 6,200 | 0.3

BeB |Berkshire loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes-------------------------------------| 1,241 | *

BgC |Berkshire-Lyme complex, rolling, very bouldery----------------------------| 3,668 | 0.2

BkC |Berkshire and Sunapee soils, 8 to 15 percent slopes, very bouldery--------| 420 | *

Bo |Borosaprists and Fluvaquents, frequently flooded--------------------------| 27,263 | 1.5

Ce |Carbondale muck-----------------------------------------------------------| 28,304 | 1.6

CgB |Colton-Duxbury complex, 2 to 8 percent slopes-----------------------------| 4,480 | 0.2

CgC |Colton-Duxbury complex, rolling-------------------------------------------| 2,320 | 0.1

CgD |Colton-Duxbury complex, hilly---------------------------------------------| 1,478 | *

Ck |Cook loamy fine sand------------------------------------------------------| 801 | *

Cn |Cornish silt loam---------------------------------------------------------| 1,435 | *

Cp |Coveytown loamy fine sand-------------------------------------------------| 3,561 | 0.2

Cr |Coveytown and Cook soils, very stony--------------------------------------| 10,719 | 0.6

CsB |Crary silt loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes------------------------------------| 1,064 | *

CtB |Crary and Potsdam soils, 3 to 8 percent slopes, very bouldery-------------| 2,974 | 0.2

CuB |Croghan sand, 0 to 8 percent slopes---------------------------------------| 5,868 | 0.3

CvA |Croghan loamy fine sand, 0 to 3 percent slopes----------------------------| 10,102 | 0.6

CvB |Croghan loamy fine sand, 3 to 8 percent slopes----------------------------| 14,177 | 0.8

Da |Dawson peat---------------------------------------------------------------| 604 | *

DAM |Large dams----------------------------------------------------------------| 15 | *

Dd |Deford loamy fine sand----------------------------------------------------| 12,617 | 0.7

 | | |

 See footnote at end of table.
St. Lawrence County, New York 327

Table 4.--Acreage and Proportionate Extent of the Soils--Continued

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map | Soil name | Acres |Percent

symbol | | |

_______|__________________________________________________________________________|___________|________

 | | |

Df |Deford mucky loamy fine sand----------------------------------------------| 12,502 | 0.7

DpA |Depeyster silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes--------------------------------| 808 | *

DpB |Depeyster silt loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes--------------------------------| 4,718 | 0.3

DpC |Depeyster silt loam, rolling----------------------------------------------| 3,056 | 0.2

Dr |Dorval muck---------------------------------------------------------------| 16,169 | 0.9

Du |Dune land-----------------------------------------------------------------| 479 | *

EeB |Eelweir fine sandy loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes----------------------------| 636 | *

EmA |Elmwood fine sandy loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes----------------------------| 2,512 | 0.1

EmB |Elmwood fine sandy loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes----------------------------| 7,055 | 0.4

Fa |Fahey loamy fine sand-----------------------------------------------------| 2,118 | 0.1

FkA |Flackville loamy fine sand, 0 to 3 percent slopes-------------------------| 4,504 | 0.2

FkB |Flackville loamy fine sand, 3 to 8 percent slopes-------------------------| 6,467 | 0.4

Fu |Fluvaquents-Udifluvents complex, frequently flooded-----------------------| 11,054 | 0.6

GrB |Grenville fine sandy loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes--------------------------| 11,435 | 0.6

GrC |Grenville fine sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes-------------------------| 2,028 | 0.1

GsD |Grenville fine sandy loam, 15 to 25 percent slopes, very stony------------| 424 | *

Gu |Guff silty clay loam------------------------------------------------------| 2,873 | 0.2

HaA |Hailesboro silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes-------------------------------| 7,626 | 0.4

HaB |Hailesboro silt loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes-------------------------------| 4,830 | 0.3

Hc |Hannawa loam--------------------------------------------------------------| 4,192 | 0.2

HeB |Heuvelton silty clay loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes--------------------------| 4,599 | 0.3

HeC |Heuvelton silty clay loam, rolling----------------------------------------| 6,817 | 0.4

HkE |Heuvelton and Depeyster soils, 15 to 45 percent slopes--------------------| 2,737 | 0.2

HnA |Hogansburg fine sandy loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes-------------------------| 8,964 | 0.5

HnB |Hogansburg fine sandy loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes-------------------------| 39,525 | 2.2

HrB |Hogansburg and Grenville soils, 0 to 8 percent slopes, very stony---------| 29,529 | 1.6

IaB |Insula gravelly fine sandy loam, 0 to 8 percent slopes--------------------| 1,107 | *

InB |Insula gravelly fine sandy loam, 0 to 8 percent slopes, very rocky--------| 6,286 | 0.3

IrC |Insula-Rock outcrop complex, rolling--------------------------------------| 54,754 | 3.0

IrD |Insula-Rock outcrop complex, hilly----------------------------------------| 47,829 | 2.6

KaA |Kalurah fine sandy loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes----------------------------| 1,915 | 0.1

KaB |Kalurah fine sandy loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes----------------------------| 17,438 | 1.0

KbB |Kalurah and Pyrities soils, 0 to 8 percent slopes, very stony-------------| 14,319 | 0.8

Lc |Lovewell silt loam--------------------------------------------------------| 581 | *

Ld |Loxley mucky peat---------------------------------------------------------| 1,327 | *

LeC |Lyman-Rock outcrop complex, 3 to 15 percent slopes, very bouldery---------| 2,264 | 0.1

LeD |Lyman-Rock outcrop complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes, very bouldery--------| 4,973 | 0.3

Lt |Lyme-Tughill complex, very bouldery---------------------------------------| 5,128 | 0.3

MaA |Malone loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes----------------------------------------| 13,817 | 0.8

MaB |Malone loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes----------------------------------------| 13,200 | 0.7

MbB |Malone loam, 0 to 8 percent slopes, very stony----------------------------| 33,326 | 1.8

MdB |Malone-Adjidaumo complex, undulating--------------------------------------| 900 | *

MeB |Malone-Adjidaumo complex, 0 to 8 percent slopes, very stony---------------| 3,873 | 0.2

MfA |Matoon silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes-----------------------------| 10,027 | 0.6

MfB |Matoon silty clay loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes-----------------------------| 1,909 | 0.1

Mh |Mino fine sandy loam------------------------------------------------------| 3,936 | 0.2

Mn |Munuscong mucky fine sandy loam-------------------------------------------| 10,692 | 0.6

MsA |Muskellunge silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes------------------------| 54,361 | 3.0

MsB |Muskellunge silty clay loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes------------------------| 31,572 | 1.7

MuB |Muskellunge silty clay loam, 0 to 6 percent slopes, rocky-----------------| 14,496 | 0.8

MwB |Muskellunge-Adjidaumo complex, undulating---------------------------------| 7,382 | 0.4

Na |Naumburg loamy fine sand--------------------------------------------------| 30,374 | 1.7

NhA |Nehasne sandy loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes---------------------------------| 2,111 | 0.1

NhB |Nehasne sandy loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes---------------------------------| 2,591 | 0.1

NhC |Nehasne sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes--------------------------------| 414 | *

NoA |Nicholville very fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes-------------------| 396 | *

NoB |Nicholville very fine sandy loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes-------------------| 5,491 | 0.3

NoC |Nicholville very fine sandy loam, rolling---------------------------------| 2,719 | 0.2

NrB |Nicholville very fine sandy loam, 0 to 6 percent slopes, rocky------------| 648 | *

OgA |Ogdensburg loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes------------------------------------| 3,102 | 0.2

OgB |Ogdensburg loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes------------------------------------| 709 | *

Pg |Pits, gravel and sand-----------------------------------------------------| 1,964 | 0.1

 | | |

 See footnote at end of table.
328 Soil Survey

Table 4.--Acreage and Proportionate Extent of the Soils--Continued

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map | Soil name | Acres |Percent

symbol | | |

_______|__________________________________________________________________________|___________|________

 | | |

Ph |Pits, quarry--------------------------------------------------------------| 144 | *

PmC |Potsdam very fine sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes----------------------| 644 | *

PoC |Potsdam-Tunbridge complex, 3 to 15 percent slopes, very bouldery----------| 14,546 | 0.8

PoD |Potsdam-Tunbridge complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes, very bouldery---------| 735 | *

PpD |Potsdam and Berkshire soils, 15 to 35 percent slopes, very bouldery-------| 1,278 | *

PsC |Potsdam and Crary soils, 8 to 15 percent slopes, very bouldery------------| 1,509 | *

PvB |Pyrities fine sandy loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes---------------------------| 8,596 | 0.5

PvC |Pyrities fine sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes--------------------------| 3,074 | 0.2

PxD |Pyrities fine sandy loam, 15 to 25 percent slopes, very stony-------------| 8,154 | 0.5

PyB |Pyrities fine sandy loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes, rocky--------------------| 2,559 | 0.1

PyC |Pyrities fine sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes, rocky-------------------| 1,906 | 0.1

PzC |Pyrities and Kalurah soils, 8 to 15 percent slopes, very stony------------| 3,716 | 0.2

QwB |Quetico-Rock outcrop-Insula complex, 0 to 8 percent slopes----------------| 7,080 | 0.4

RaA |Raquette sandy loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes--------------------------------| 1,087 | *

RaB |Raquette sandy loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes--------------------------------| 3,224 | 0.2

RaC |Raquette sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes-------------------------------| 768 | *

Rd |Redwater fine sandy loam--------------------------------------------------| 3,542 | 0.2

RoA |Roundabout silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes-------------------------------| 6,130 | 0.3

RoB |Roundabout silt loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes-------------------------------| 3,285 | 0.2

Rt |Runeberg loam-------------------------------------------------------------| 2,713 | 0.2

Ru |Runeberg loam, very stony-------------------------------------------------| 1,951 | 0.1

SaB |Salmon very fine sandy loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes------------------------| 1,221 | *

SaC |Salmon very fine sandy loam, rolling--------------------------------------| 2,710 | 0.2

Se |Searsport muck------------------------------------------------------------| 3,683 | 0.2

Sg |Stockholm loamy fine sand-------------------------------------------------| 16,648 | 0.9

ShB |Summerville fine sandy loam, 0 to 8 percent slopes------------------------| 3,385 | 0.2

SkB |Summerville-Gouverneur complex, 0 to 8 percent slopes, rocky--------------| 10,389 | 0.6

SlD |Summerville-Rock outcrop complex, hilly-----------------------------------| 17,388 | 1.0

SmC |Summerville-Rock outcrop-Nehasne complex, rolling-------------------------| 20,339 | 1.1

SpB |Sunapee fine sandy loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes----------------------------| 611 | *

SsB |Sunapee and Berkshire soils, 3 to 8 percent slopes, very bouldery---------| 4,203 | 0.2

Sw |Swanton fine sandy loam---------------------------------------------------| 29,455 | 1.6

TdA |Trout River loamy sand, 0 to 3 percent slopes-----------------------------| 402 | *

TdB |Trout River loamy sand, 3 to 8 percent slopes-----------------------------| 2,346 | 0.1

TfB |Trout River and Fahey soils, 0 to 8 percent slopes, very stony------------| 4,373 | 0.2

TuD |Tunbridge-Lyman complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes, very rocky--------------| 25,442 | 1.4

TwC |Tunbridge-Lyman-Dawson complex, rolling, very rocky-----------------------| 26,802 | 1.5

Ua |Udipsamments, smoothed----------------------------------------------------| 1,039 | *

Ue |Udorthents, loamy---------------------------------------------------------| 6,344 | 0.4

Uf |Udorthents, clayey--------------------------------------------------------| 1,197 | *

Ug |Udorthents, mine waste, acid----------------------------------------------| 120 | *

Uh |Udorthents, mine waste, nonacid-------------------------------------------| 567 | *

Un |Udorthents, refuse substratum---------------------------------------------| 398 | *

Ur |Urban land----------------------------------------------------------------| 1,500 | *

W |Water---------------------------------------------------------------------| 92,359 | 5.1

WaA |Waddington gravelly sandy loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes---------------------| 241 | *

WaB |Waddington gravelly sandy loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes---------------------| 3,688 | 0.2

WaC |Waddington gravelly sandy loam, rolling-----------------------------------| 1,415 | *

WaD |Waddington gravelly sandy loam, 15 to 35 percent slopes-------------------| 1,182 | *

WdB |Waddington very cobbly sandy loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes------------------| 710 | *

Wg |Wegatchie silt loam-------------------------------------------------------| 5,208 | 0.3

 | |___________|________

 | Total----------------------------------------------------------------| 1,805,400 | 100.0

_______|__________________________________________________________________________|___________|________

 * Less than 0.1 percent.
St. Lawrence County, New York 329

Table 5.--Prime Farmland

(Only the soils considered prime farmland are listed. Urban or built-up areas of the soils listed are

 not considered prime farmland. If a soil is prime farmland only under certain conditions, the

 conditions are specified in parentheses after the soil name.)

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 |

 Map | Soil name

symbol |

_______|_______________________________________________________________________________________________

 |

BeB |Berkshire loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes

Cn |Cornish silt loam (if drained)

DpA |Depeyster silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes

DpB |Depeyster silt loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes

EeB |Eelweir fine sandy loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes

EmA |Elmwood fine sandy loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes

EmB |Elmwood fine sandy loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes

FkA |Flackville loamy fine sand, 0 to 3 percent slopes

FkB |Flackville loamy fine sand, 3 to 8 percent slopes

GrB |Grenville fine sandy loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes

HaA |Hailesboro silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes (if drained)

HaB |Hailesboro silt loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes (if drained)

HeB |Heuvelton silty clay loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes

HnA |Hogansburg fine sandy loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes

HnB |Hogansburg fine sandy loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes

KaA |Kalurah fine sandy loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes

KaB |Kalurah fine sandy loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes

Lc |Lovewell silt loam

MaA |Malone loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes (if drained)

MaB |Malone loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes (if drained)

MfA |Matoon silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes (if drained)

MfB |Matoon silty clay loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes (if drained)

Mh |Mino fine sandy loam (if drained)

MsA |Muskellunge silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes (if drained)

MsB |Muskellunge silty clay loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes (if drained)

NhA |Nehasne sandy loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes

NhB |Nehasne sandy loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes

NoA |Nicholville very fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes

NoB |Nicholville very fine sandy loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes

OgA |Ogdensburg loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes (if drained)

OgB |Ogdensburg loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes (if drained)

PvB |Pyrities fine sandy loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes

RaA |Raquette sandy loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes

RaB |Raquette sandy loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes

Rd |Redwater fine sandy loam (if drained)

RoA |Roundabout silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes (if drained)

RoB |Roundabout silt loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes (if drained)

SaB |Salmon very fine sandy loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes

Sg |Stockholm loamy fine sand (if drained)

SpB |Sunapee fine sandy loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes

Sw |Swanton fine sandy loam (if drained)

WaA |Waddington gravelly sandy loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes

WaB |Waddington gravelly sandy loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes

_______|_______________________________________________________________________________________________
330 Soil Survey

Table 6.--Land Capability and Yields per Acre of Crops and Pasture

(Yields are those that can be expected under a high level of management. They are for nonirrigated

 areas. Absence of a yield indicates that the soil is not suited to the crop or the crop

 generally is not grown on the soil)

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

 Map symbol | Land |Alfalfa hay | Corn |Corn silage |Grass-legume| Pasture

 and soil name | capability | | | | hay |

_________________________|____________|____________|____________|____________|____________|____________

 | | Tons | Bu | Tons | Tons | AUM

 | | | | | |

021: | | | | | |

 Dawson------------------| 5w | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

 Fluvaquents-------------| 5w | --- | --- | --- | --- | 2.00

 | | | | | |

 Loxley------------------| 5w | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

023: | | | | | |

 Loxley------------------| 5w | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

 Dawson------------------| 5w | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

363A: | | | | | |

 Adams-------------------| 4s | --- | --- | 10.00 | 2.00 | 4.00

 | | | | | |

363B: | | | | | |

 Adams-------------------| 6e | --- | --- | --- | 2.00 | 4.00

 | | | | | |

363D: | | | | | |

 Adams-------------------| 7e | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

365: | | | | | |

 Naumburg----------------| 4w | --- | --- | 14.00 | 2.50 | 5.50

 | | | | | |

 Croghan-----------------| 2w | --- | --- | 16.00 | 3.00 | 5.50

 | | | | | |

376A: | | | | | |

 Colton------------------| 3s | --- | --- | 16.00 | 3.00 | 6.00

 | | | | | |

 Duxbury-----------------| 1 | --- | --- | 20.00 | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

 Adams-------------------| 4s | --- | --- | 12.00 | 2.00 | 4.00

 | | | | | |

376C: | | | | | |

 Colton------------------| 4s | --- | --- | 14.00 | 3.00 | 6.00

 | | | | | |

 Duxbury-----------------| 3e | --- | --- | 18.00 | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

 Adams-------------------| 4e | --- | --- | --- | 2.00 | 3.50

 | | | | | |

376D: | | | | | |

 Colton------------------| 7s | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

 Duxbury-----------------| 6e | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

 Adams-------------------| 7e | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

380B: | | | | | |

 Colton------------------| 4s | --- | --- | --- | 3.00 | 6.00

 | | | | | |

 Duxbury-----------------| 3e | --- | --- | 18.00 | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

 Dawson------------------| 5w | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

380D: | | | | | |

 Colton------------------| 7s | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

 Duxbury-----------------| 6e | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |
St. Lawrence County, New York 331

Table 6.--Land Capability and Yields per Acre of Crops and Pasture--Continued

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

 Map symbol | Land |Alfalfa hay | Corn |Corn silage |Grass-legume| Pasture

 and soil name | capability | | | | hay |

_________________________|____________|____________|____________|____________|____________|____________

 | | Tons | Bu | Tons | Tons | AUM

 | | | | | |

380D: | | | | | |

 Dawson------------------| 5w | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

643C: | | | | | |

 Berkshire, very bouldery| 6s | --- | --- | --- | --- | 3.00

 | | | | | |

643D: | | | | | |

 Berkshire, very bouldery| 7s | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

644C: | | | | | |

 Berkshire, rolling, very| | | | | |

 bouldery---------------| 6s | --- | --- | --- | --- | 3.00

 | | | | | |

 Lyme, very bouldery-----| 6s | --- | --- | --- | --- | 2.00

 | | | | | |

644D: | | | | | |

 Berkshire, hilly, very | | | | | |

 bouldery---------------| 7s | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

 Lyme, very bouldery-----| 7s | --- | --- | --- | --- | 2.00

 | | | | | |

709B: | | | | | |

 Adirondack, very | | | | | |

 bouldery---------------| 6s | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

 Tughill, very bouldery--| 6s | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

 Lyme, very bouldery-----| 6s | --- | --- | --- | --- | 2.00

 | | | | | |

741C: | | | | | |

 Potsdam, very bouldery--| 6s | --- | --- | --- | --- | 5.00

 | | | | | |

 Tunbridge, very bouldery| 6s | --- | --- | --- | --- | 3.10

 | | | | | |

 Crary, very bouldery----| 6s | --- | --- | --- | --- | 5.00

 | | | | | |

741D: | | | | | |

 Potsdam, very bouldery--| 7s | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

 Tunbridge, very bouldery| 7s | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

743C: | | | | | |

 Potsdam, very bouldery--| 6s | --- | --- | --- | --- | 5.50

 | | | | | |

743D: | | | | | |

 Potsdam, very bouldery--| 7s | --- | --- | --- | --- | 5.00

 | | | | | |

745C: | | | | | |

 Crary, very bouldery----| 6s | --- | --- | --- | --- | 5.50

 | | | | | |

 Potsdam, very bouldery--| 6s | --- | --- | --- | --- | 5.50

 | | | | | |

747B: | | | | | |

 Crary, very bouldery----| 6s | --- | --- | --- | --- | 4.00

 | | | | | |

 Adirondack, very | | | | | |

 bouldery---------------| 6s | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

807: | | | | | |

 Udorthents, mine waste--| 7s | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

831C: | | | | | |

 Tunbridge, very bouldery| 6s | --- | --- | --- | --- | 3.10

 | | | | | |
332 Soil Survey

Table 6.--Land Capability and Yields per Acre of Crops and Pasture--Continued

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

 Map symbol | Land |Alfalfa hay | Corn |Corn silage |Grass-legume| Pasture

 and soil name | capability | | | | hay |

_________________________|____________|____________|____________|____________|____________|____________

 | | Tons | Bu | Tons | Tons | AUM

 | | | | | |

831C: | | | | | |

 Lyman, very bouldery----| 6s | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

831D: | | | | | |

 Tunbridge, very bouldery| 7s | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

 Lyman, very bouldery----| 7s | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

831F: | | | | | |

 Tunbridge, very bouldery| 7s | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

 Lyman, very bouldery----| 7s | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

833C: | | | | | |

 Tunbridge, very bouldery| 6s | --- | --- | --- | --- | 3.10

 | | | | | |

 Adirondack, very | | | | | |

 bouldery---------------| 6s | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

 Lyman, very bouldery----| 6s | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

835C: | | | | | |

 Tunbridge, very bouldery| 6s | --- | --- | --- | --- | 3.10

 | | | | | |

 Borosaprists------------| 5w | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

 Ricker, very bouldery---| 7s | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

861C: | | | | | |

 Lyman-------------------| 6s | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

 Ricker, very bouldery---| 7s | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

 Rock outcrop, very | | | | | |

 bouldery---------------| 8 | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

861D: | | | | | |

 Lyman, very bouldery----| 7s | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

 Ricker, very bouldery---| 7s | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

 Rock outcrop------------| 8 | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

861F: | | | | | |

 Lyman, very bouldery----| 7s | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

 Ricker, very bouldery---| 8 | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

 Rock outcrop------------| 8 | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

891F: | | | | | |

 Rock outcrop------------| 8 | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

 Ricker, very bouldery---| 8 | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

 Lyman, very bouldery----| 7s | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

AaB: | | | | | |

 Adams, sand-------------| 4s | --- | --- | 10.00 | 2.00 | 4.00

 | | | | | |

AaC: | | | | | |

 Adams, sand-------------| 6e | --- | --- | --- | 1.50 | 3.50

 | | | | | |
St. Lawrence County, New York 333

Table 6.--Land Capability and Yields per Acre of Crops and Pasture--Continued

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

 Map symbol | Land |Alfalfa hay | Corn |Corn silage |Grass-legume| Pasture

 and soil name | capability | | | | hay |

_________________________|____________|____________|____________|____________|____________|____________

 | | Tons | Bu | Tons | Tons | AUM

 | | | | | |

AaD: | | | | | |

 Adams, sand-------------| 7e | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

AdB: | | | | | |

 Adams, loamy fine sand--| 3s | --- | --- | 12.00 | 2.50 | 4.50

 | | | | | |

AdC: | | | | | |

 Adams, loamy fine sand--| 4e | --- | --- | 12.00 | 2.50 | 4.50

 | | | | | |

Ak: | | | | | |

 Adjidaumo, silty clay---| 4w | --- | --- | 10.00 | 3.00 | 3.50

 | | | | | |

Am: | | | | | |

 Adjidaumo, mucky silty | | | | | |

 clay-------------------| 5w | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

Ao: | | | | | |

 Adjidaumo, flooded------| 5w | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

Ap: | | | | | |

 Adjidaumo, silty clay, | | | | | |

 rocky------------------| 5w | --- | --- | --- | --- | 3.50

 | | | | | |

ArC: | | | | | |

 Adjidaumo---------------| 4w | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

 Summerville-------------| 7s | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

BeB: | | | | | |

 Berkshire---------------| 2e | 4.50 | 90.00 | 18.00 | 4.00 | ---

 | | | | | |

BgC: | | | | | |

 Berkshire, very bouldery| 6s | --- | --- | --- | --- | 4.00

 | | | | | |

 Lyme, very bouldery-----| 6s | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

BkC: | | | | | |

 Berkshire, very bouldery| 6s | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

 Sunapee, very bouldery--| 6s | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

Bo: | | | | | |

 Borosaprists------------| 8 | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

 Fluvaquents-------------| 5w | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

Ce: | | | | | |

 Carbondale, undrained---| 5w | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

CgB: | | | | | |

 Colton------------------| 3s | 2.00 | --- | 12.00 | --- | 4.00

 | | | | | |

 Duxbury-----------------| 2e | 2.00 | --- | 15.00 | --- | 4.00

 | | | | | |

CgC: | | | | | |

 Colton------------------| 4s | 2.00 | --- | --- | 1.50 | 3.00

 | | | | | |

 Duxbury-----------------| 3e | 2.00 | --- | --- | 1.50 | 3.00

 | | | | | |

CgD: | | | | | |

 Colton------------------| 7s | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

 Duxbury-----------------| 6e | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |
334 Soil Survey

Table 6.--Land Capability and Yields per Acre of Crops and Pasture--Continued

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

 Map symbol | Land |Alfalfa hay | Corn |Corn silage |Grass-legume| Pasture

 and soil name | capability | | | | hay |

_________________________|____________|____________|____________|____________|____________|____________

 | | Tons | Bu | Tons | Tons | AUM

 | | | | | |

Ck: | | | | | |

 Cook--------------------| 4w | --- | --- | --- | 1.50 | 5.00

 | | | | | |

Cn: | | | | | |

 Cornish-----------------| 3w | --- | --- | 18.00 | 3.50 | 7.00

 | | | | | |

Cp: | | | | | |

 Coveytown---------------| 3w | --- | --- | 15.00 | --- | 5.50

 | | | | | |

Cr: | | | | | |

 Coveytown, very stony---| 5s | --- | --- | --- | --- | 3.50

 | | | | | |

 Cook, very stony--------| 7s | --- | --- | --- | --- | 4.00

 | | | | | |

CsB: | | | | | |

 Crary-------------------| 2e | 3.50 | 90.00 | 18.00 | 4.00 | 7.00

 | | | | | |

CtB: | | | | | |

 Crary, very bouldery----| 6s | --- | --- | --- | --- | 5.50

 | | | | | |

 Potsdam, very bouldery--| 6s | --- | --- | --- | --- | 5.50

 | | | | | |

CuB: | | | | | |

 Croghan, sand-----------| 2w | 3.00 | --- | 16.00 | 3.00 | 5.50

 | | | | | |

CvA: | | | | | |

 Croghan, loamy fine sand| 2w | 3.00 | --- | 16.00 | 3.00 | 5.50

 | | | | | |

CvB: | | | | | |

 Croghan, loamy fine sand| 2w | 3.00 | --- | 16.00 | 3.00 | 5.50

 | | | | | |

Da: | | | | | |

 Dawson------------------| 5w | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

DAM: | | | | | |

 Large dams. | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

Dd: | | | | | |

 Deford, loamy fine sand-| 4w | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

Df: | | | | | |

 Deford, mucky loamy fine| | | | | |

 sand-------------------| 5w | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

DpA: | | | | | |

 Depeyster---------------| 2w | 4.50 | 105.00 | 21.00 | 3.00 | ---

 | | | | | |

DpB: | | | | | |

 Depeyster---------------| 2e | 4.50 | 105.00 | 21.00 | 3.00 | ---

 | | | | | |

DpC: | | | | | |

 Depeyster---------------| 3e | 4.00 | 90.00 | 18.00 | 3.00 | ---

 | | | | | |

Dr: | | | | | |

 Dorval------------------| 5w | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

Du: | | | | | |

 Dune Land---------------| 8 | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

EeB: | | | | | |

 Eelweir-----------------| 2w | 4.00 | 100.00 | 21.00 | 3.50 | 8.00

 | | | | | |
St. Lawrence County, New York 335

Table 6.--Land Capability and Yields per Acre of Crops and Pasture--Continued

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

 Map symbol | Land |Alfalfa hay | Corn |Corn silage |Grass-legume| Pasture

 and soil name | capability | | | | hay |

_________________________|____________|____________|____________|____________|____________|____________

 | | Tons | Bu | Tons | Tons | AUM

 | | | | | |

EmA: | | | | | |

 Elmwood-----------------| 2w | 3.50 | --- | 20.00 | 4.00 | 8.00

 | | | | | |

EmB: | | | | | |

 Elmwood-----------------| 2w | 4.00 | --- | 20.00 | 4.00 | 8.00

 | | | | | |

Fa: | | | | | |

 Fahey-------------------| 2w | --- | --- | 15.00 | 3.00 | ---

 | | | | | |

FkA: | | | | | |

 Flackville--------------| 2w | 3.50 | 100.00 | 20.00 | 4.00 | 7.50

 | | | | | |

FkB: | | | | | |

 Flackville--------------| 2w | 4.00 | 100.00 | 20.00 | 4.00 | 7.50

 | | | | | |

Fu: | | | | | |

 Fluvaquents, frequently | | | | | |

 flooded----------------| 5w | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

 Udifluvents, frequently | | | | | |

 flooded. | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

GrB: | | | | | |

 Grenville---------------| 2e | 6.00 | 125.00 | 25.00 | 4.50 | 8.50

 | | | | | |

GrC: | | | | | |

 Grenville---------------| 3e | 6.00 | 115.00 | 25.00 | 4.50 | 8.50

 | | | | | |

GsD: | | | | | |

 Grenville, very stony---| 6s | --- | --- | --- | --- | 3.00

 | | | | | |

Gu: | | | | | |

 Guff--------------------| 4w | --- | --- | --- | --- | 4.50

 | | | | | |

HaA: | | | | | |

 Hailesboro--------------| 3w | --- | 65.00 | 17.00 | 2.50 | 4.50

 | | | | | |

HaB: | | | | | |

 Hailesboro--------------| 3w | --- | 65.00 | 17.00 | 2.50 | 4.50

 | | | | | |

Hc: | | | | | |

 Hannawa-----------------| 4w | --- | --- | --- | 1.50 | 4.00

 | | | | | |

HeB: | | | | | |

 Heuvelton---------------| 2e | 4.50 | 100.00 | 20.00 | --- | 8.50

 | | | | | |

HeC: | | | | | |

 Heuvelton, rolling------| 3e | 4.00 | 90.00 | 18.00 | --- | 8.00

 | | | | | |

HkE: | | | | | |

 Heuvelton---------------| 7e | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

 Depeyster---------------| 7e | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

HnA: | | | | | |

 Hogansburg--------------| 2w | 4.50 | 110.00 | 22.00 | 4.00 | 7.50

 | | | | | |

HnB: | | | | | |

 Hogansburg--------------| 2e | 4.50 | 110.00 | 22.00 | 4.00 | 7.50

 | | | | | |

HrB: | | | | | |

 Hogansburg, very stony--| 6s | --- | --- | --- | --- | 3.00

 | | | | | |
336 Soil Survey

Table 6.--Land Capability and Yields per Acre of Crops and Pasture--Continued

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

 Map symbol | Land |Alfalfa hay | Corn |Corn silage |Grass-legume| Pasture

 and soil name | capability | | | | hay |

_________________________|____________|____________|____________|____________|____________|____________

 | | Tons | Bu | Tons | Tons | AUM

 | | | | | |

HrB: | | | | | |

 Grenville, very stony---| 6s | --- | --- | --- | --- | 3.00

 | | | | | |

IaB: | | | | | |

 Insula------------------| 3s | --- | --- | 14.00 | 3.00 | 6.50

 | | | | | |

InB: | | | | | |

 Insula------------------| 6s | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

IrC: | | | | | |

 Insula, rolling---------| 6s | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

 Rock outcrop. | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

IrD: | | | | | |

 Insula, hilly-----------| 7s | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

 Rock outcrop. | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

KaA: | | | | | |

 Kalurah-----------------| 2w | 4.00 | 100.00 | 20.00 | 4.00 | 6.50

 | | | | | |

KaB: | | | | | |

 Kalurah-----------------| 2e | 4.00 | 100.00 | 20.00 | 4.00 | 6.50

 | | | | | |

KbB: | | | | | |

 Kalurah, very stony-----| 6s | --- | --- | --- | --- | 3.50

 | | | | | |

 Pyrities, very stony----| 6s | --- | --- | --- | --- | 3.80

 | | | | | |

Lc: | | | | | |

 Lovewell----------------| 2w | 4.50 | 110.00 | 22.00 | 4.50 | 8.50

 | | | | | |

Ld: | | | | | |

 Loxley------------------| 5w | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

LeC: | | | | | |

 Lyman-------------------| 6s | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

 Rock outcrop------------| 8 | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

LeD: | | | | | |

 Lyman, very bouldery----| 7s | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

 Rock outcrop------------| 8 | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

Lt: | | | | | |

 Lyme, very bouldery-----| 7s | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

 Tughill, very bouldery--| 7s | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

MaA: | | | | | |

 Malone------------------| 3w | 2.00 | 65.00 | 13.00 | 2.50 | 4.50

 | | | | | |

MaB: | | | | | |

 Malone------------------| 3w | 2.00 | 65.00 | 13.00 | 2.50 | 4.50

 | | | | | |

MbB: | | | | | |

 Malone, very stony------| 6s | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

MdB: | | | | | |

 Malone, undulating------| 3w | --- | --- | 10.00 | 2.50 | 4.00

 | | | | | |
St. Lawrence County, New York 337

Table 6.--Land Capability and Yields per Acre of Crops and Pasture--Continued

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

 Map symbol | Land |Alfalfa hay | Corn |Corn silage |Grass-legume| Pasture

 and soil name | capability | | | | hay |

_________________________|____________|____________|____________|____________|____________|____________

 | | Tons | Bu | Tons | Tons | AUM

 | | | | | |

MdB: | | | | | |

 Adjidaumo---------------| 4w | --- | --- | --- | --- | 3.50

 | | | | | |

MeB: | | | | | |

 Malone, very stony------| 6s | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

 Adjidaumo---------------| 4w | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

MfA: | | | | | |

 Matoon------------------| 3w | --- | 65.00 | 13.00 | 3.00 | 5.50

 | | | | | |

MfB: | | | | | |

 Matoon------------------| 3w | --- | 65.00 | 13.00 | 3.00 | 5.50

 | | | | | |

Mh: | | | | | |

 Mino--------------------| 3w | 2.00 | 65.00 | 13.00 | 2.50 | 4.50

 | | | | | |

Mn: | | | | | |

 Munuscong---------------| 5w | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

MsA: | | | | | |

 Muskellunge-------------| 3w | --- | 85.00 | 17.00 | 3.50 | 5.50

 | | | | | |

MsB: | | | | | |

 Muskellunge-------------| 3w | --- | 85.00 | 17.00 | 3.50 | 5.50

 | | | | | |

MuB: | | | | | |

 Muskellunge-------------| 5s | --- | --- | --- | 2.00 | 4.00

 | | | | | |

MwB: | | | | | |

 Muskellunge, undulating-| 3w | --- | --- | 10.00 | 2.00 | 4.00

 | | | | | |

 Adjidaumo---------------| 4w | --- | --- | --- | --- | 3.50

 | | | | | |

Na: | | | | | |

 Naumburg----------------| 4w | --- | --- | 12.00 | --- | 4.00

 | | | | | |

NhA: | | | | | |

 Nehasne-----------------| 2s | 3.00 | 95.00 | 19.00 | 4.50 | 8.50

 | | | | | |

NhB: | | | | | |

 Nehasne-----------------| 2s | 3.00 | 90.00 | 19.00 | 4.50 | 8.00

 | | | | | |

NhC: | | | | | |

 Nehasne-----------------| 3e | 3.00 | 85.00 | 17.00 | 4.00 | 7.50

 | | | | | |

NoA: | | | | | |

 Nicholville-------------| 2w | 4.50 | 100.00 | 20.00 | 4.00 | 7.50

 | | | | | |

NoB: | | | | | |

 Nicholville-------------| 2e | 4.50 | 100.00 | 20.00 | 4.00 | 7.50

 | | | | | |

NoC: | | | | | |

 Nicholville, rolling----| 3e | 4.00 | 80.00 | 16.00 | 3.50 | 6.50

 | | | | | |

NrB: | | | | | |

 Nicholville-------------| 6s | --- | --- | --- | 2.50 | 4.50

 | | | | | |

OgA: | | | | | |

 Ogdensburg--------------| 3w | --- | --- | 12.00 | 2.00 | 4.00

 | | | | | |

OgB: | | | | | |

 Ogdensburg--------------| 3w | --- | --- | 12.00 | 2.00 | 4.00

 | | | | | |
338 Soil Survey

Table 6.--Land Capability and Yields per Acre of Crops and Pasture--Continued

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

 Map symbol | Land |Alfalfa hay | Corn |Corn silage |Grass-legume| Pasture

 and soil name | capability | | | | hay |

_________________________|____________|____________|____________|____________|____________|____________

 | | Tons | Bu | Tons | Tons | AUM

 | | | | | |

Pg: | | | | | |

 Pits, gravel and sand. | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

Ph: | | | | | |

 Pits, quarry. | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

PmC: | | | | | |

 Potsdam-----------------| 3e | 3.50 | 90.00 | 19.00 | 3.50 | 6.50

 | | | | | |

PoC: | | | | | |

 Potsdam, very bouldery--| 6s | --- | --- | --- | --- | 4.00

 | | | | | |

 Tunbridge, very bouldery| 6s | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

PoD: | | | | | |

 Potsdam, very bouldery--| 7s | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

 Tunbridge, very bouldery| 7s | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

PpD: | | | | | |

 Potsdam, very bouldery--| 7s | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

 Berkshire, very bouldery| 7s | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

PsC: | | | | | |

 Potsdam, very bouldery--| 6s | --- | --- | --- | --- | 5.50

 | | | | | |

 Crary, very bouldery----| 6s | --- | --- | --- | --- | 5.50

 | | | | | |

PvB: | | | | | |

 Pyrities----------------| 2e | 4.50 | 110.00 | 22.00 | 4.50 | 7.50

 | | | | | |

PvC: | | | | | |

 Pyrities----------------| 3e | 4.00 | 90.00 | 18.00 | --- | 6.00

 | | | | | |

PxD: | | | | | |

 Pyrities, very stony----| 6s | --- | --- | --- | --- | 3.80

 | | | | | |

PyB: | | | | | |

 Pyrities, rocky---------| 6s | 4.00 | --- | --- | 4.00 | 6.00

 | | | | | |

PyC: | | | | | |

 Pyrities, rocky---------| 6s | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

PzC: | | | | | |

 Pyrities, very stony----| 6s | --- | --- | --- | --- | 3.80

 | | | | | |

 Kalurah, very stony-----| 6s | --- | --- | --- | --- | 3.50

 | | | | | |

QwB: | | | | | |

 Quetico-----------------| 7s | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

 Rock outcrop. | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

 Insula. | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

RaA: | | | | | |

 Raquette----------------| 2s | 4.50 | 110.00 | 22.00 | 4.50 | 7.00

 | | | | | |

RaB: | | | | | |

 Raquette----------------| 2s | 4.50 | 110.00 | 22.00 | 4.50 | 7.00

 | | | | | |
St. Lawrence County, New York 339

Table 6.--Land Capability and Yields per Acre of Crops and Pasture--Continued

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

 Map symbol | Land |Alfalfa hay | Corn |Corn silage |Grass-legume| Pasture

 and soil name | capability | | | | hay |

_________________________|____________|____________|____________|____________|____________|____________

 | | Tons | Bu | Tons | Tons | AUM

 | | | | | |

RaC: | | | | | |

 Raquette----------------| 3e | 4.00 | 100.00 | 20.00 | 4.00 | 7.00

 | | | | | |

Rd: | | | | | |

 Redwater----------------| 3w | 2.00 | 90.00 | 14.00 | 2.50 | 4.50

 | | | | | |

RoA: | | | | | |

 Roundabout--------------| 4w | --- | --- | --- | 2.00 | 5.50

 | | | | | |

RoB: | | | | | |

 Roundabout--------------| 4w | --- | --- | --- | 2.00 | 5.50

 | | | | | |

Rt: | | | | | |

 Runeberg----------------| 5w | --- | --- | --- | --- | 2.50

 | | | | | |

Ru: | | | | | |

 Runeberg, very stony----| 5s | --- | --- | --- | --- | 2.50

 | | | | | |

SaB: | | | | | |

 Salmon------------------| 2e | 5.00 | 90.00 | 18.00 | 4.50 | 8.50

 | | | | | |

SaC: | | | | | |

 Salmon, rolling---------| 3e | 5.00 | 90.00 | 18.00 | 4.50 | 8.50

 | | | | | |

Se: | | | | | |

 Searsport---------------| 5w | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

Sg: | | | | | |

 Stockholm---------------| 4w | --- | --- | 13.00 | 2.50 | 4.80

 | | | | | |

ShB: | | | | | |

 Summerville-------------| 3s | 2.00 | --- | 10.00 | 3.00 | 4.00

 | | | | | |

SkB: | | | | | |

 Summerville, rocky------| 7s | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

 Gouverneur--------------| 7s | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

SlD: | | | | | |

 Summerville, hilly------| 7s | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

 Rock outcrop------------| 8 | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

SmC: | | | | | |

 Summerville, rolling----| 6s | --- | --- | --- | --- | 2.00

 | | | | | |

 Rock outcrop------------| 8 | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

 Nehasne, rolling--------| 6s | --- | --- | --- | --- | 7.50

 | | | | | |

SpB: | | | | | |

 Sunapee-----------------| 2w | 3.50 | 90.00 | 18.00 | 3.50 | ---

 | | | | | |

SsB: | | | | | |

 Sunapee, very bouldery--| 6s | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

 Berkshire, very bouldery| 6s | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

Sw: | | | | | |

 Swanton-----------------| 4w | --- | 90.00 | 16.00 | 3.00 | 6.00

 | | | | | |

TdA: | | | | | |

 Trout River-------------| 3s | 3.00 | --- | 12.00 | 2.50 | 5.00

 | | | | | |
340 Soil Survey

Table 6.--Land Capability and Yields per Acre of Crops and Pasture--Continued

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

 Map symbol | Land |Alfalfa hay | Corn |Corn silage |Grass-legume| Pasture

 and soil name | capability | | | | hay |

_________________________|____________|____________|____________|____________|____________|____________

 | | Tons | Bu | Tons | Tons | AUM

 | | | | | |

TdB: | | | | | |

 Trout River-------------| 3s | 3.00 | --- | 12.00 | 2.50 | 5.00

 | | | | | |

TfB: | | | | | |

 Trout River, very stony-| 6s | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

 Fahey, very stony-------| 6s | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

TuD: | | | | | |

 Tunbridge---------------| 7s | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

 Lyman-------------------| 7s | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

TwC: | | | | | |

 Tunbridge, rolling------| 7s | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

 Lyman, rolling----------| 7s | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

 Dawson------------------| 7w | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

Ua: | | | | | |

 Udipsamments, smoothed--| 6s | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

Ue: | | | | | |

 Udorthents, loamy-------| 6s | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

Uf: | | | | | |

 Udorthents, clayey------| 6s | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

Ug: | | | | | |

 Udorthents, mine waste, | | | | | |

 acid------------------| 8 | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

Uh: | | | | | |

 Udorthents, mine waste, | | | | | |

 nonacid---------------| 7s | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

Un: | | | | | |

 Udorthents, refuse | | | | | |

 substratum-------------| 7s | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

Ur: | | | | | |

 Urban land. | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

W: | | | | | |

 Water. | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

WaA: | | | | | |

 Waddington--------------| 3s | 3.50 | 90.00 | 18.00 | 3.00 | 7.00

 | | | | | |

WaB: | | | | | |

 Waddington--------------| 3s | 3.50 | 90.00 | 18.00 | 3.00 | 7.00

 | | | | | |

WaC: | | | | | |

 Waddington, rolling-----| 3e | 3.50 | 70.00 | 14.00 | 3.00 | 7.00

 | | | | | |

WaD: | | | | | |

 Waddington--------------| 6e | --- | --- | --- | --- | 2.50

 | | | | | |

WdB: | | | | | |

 Waddington, very cobbly | | | | | |

 sandy loam-------------| 3s | 3.50 | 80.00 | 16.00 | 3.00 | 6.50

 | | | | | |
St. Lawrence County, New York 341

Table 6.--Land Capability and Yields per Acre of Crops and Pasture--Continued

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

 Map symbol | Land |Alfalfa hay | Corn |Corn silage |Grass-legume| Pasture

 and soil name | capability | | | | hay |

_________________________|____________|____________|____________|____________|____________|____________

 | | Tons | Bu | Tons | Tons | AUM

 | | | | | |

Wg: | | | | | |

 Wegatchie---------------| 5w | --- | --- | 10.00 | 3.00 | 5.50

_________________________|____________|____________|____________|____________|____________|____________
342 Soil Survey

Table 7.--Acreage by Capability Class and

 Subclass

____________________________________________

 | |

 Capability | Capability | Acreage

 class | subclass |

______________|______________|______________

 | |

 Unclassified | --- | 132,576

 1 | --- | 787

 2 | e | 77,606

 2 | w | 56,576

 2 | s | 6,975

 3 | e | 43,972

 3 | w | 122,211

 3 | s | 25,428

 4 | e | 15,643

 4 | w | 127,745

 4 | s | 45,336

 5 | w | 154,424

 5 | s | 16,879

 6 | e | 34,587

 6 | s | 340,431

 7 | e | 14,703

 7 | w | 5,360

 7 | s | 183,457

 8 | --- | 31,152

______________|______________|______________
Table 8.--Forestland Management and Productivity __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Management concerns | Potential productivity | | |____________________________________________|___________________________________| Map symbol and |Ordi- | | Equip- | | | | | | | soil name |nation|Erosion | ment |Seedling| Wind- | Plant | Common trees |Site | Volume |  |symbol| hazard |limita- |mortal- | throw |competi-| |index|of wood | | | | tion | ity | hazard | tion | | | fiber | _________________________|______|________|________|________|________|________|____________________|_____|________| | | | | | | | | |cu ft/ac| | | | | | | | | | | 021: | | | | | | | | | | Dawson------------------| 2W |Slight |Severe |Severe |Severe |Severe |black spruce--------| 15 | 29 |  | | | | | | |tamarack------------| --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | Fluvaquents. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Loxley------------------| 2W |Slight |Severe |Severe |Severe |Severe |balsam fir----------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |black spruce--------| 15 | 29 | | | | | | | |tamarack------------| --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | 023: | | | | | | | | | | Loxley------------------| 2W |Slight |Severe |Severe |Severe |Severe |balsam fir----------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |black spruce--------| 15 | 29 | | | | | | | |tamarack------------| --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | Dawson------------------| 2W |Slight |Severe |Severe |Severe |Severe |black spruce--------| 15 | 29 |  | | | | | | |tamarack------------| --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | 363A: | | | | | | | | | | Adams-------------------| 3S |Slight |Slight |Severe |Slight | --- |American beech------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |eastern hemlock-----| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |eastern white pine--| 66 | 114 |  | | | | | | |red maple-----------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 61 | 43 | | | | | | | | | | | 363B: | | | | | | | | | | Adams-------------------| 3S |Slight |Slight |Severe |Slight | --- |American beech------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |eastern hemlock-----| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |eastern white pine--| 66 | 114 |  | | | | | | |red maple-----------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 61 | 43 | | | | | | | | | | | 363D: | | | | | | | | | | Adams-------------------| 3S |Slight |Moderate|Severe |Slight | --- |American beech------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |eastern hemlock-----| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |eastern white pine--| 66 | 114 |  | | | | | | |red maple-----------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 61 | 43 | | | | | | | | | | |
Table 8.--Forestland Management and Productivity--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Management concerns | Potential productivity | | |____________________________________________|___________________________________| Map symbol and |Ordi- | | Equip- | | | | | | | soil name |nation|Erosion | ment |Seedling| Wind- | Plant | Common trees |Site | Volume |  |symbol| hazard |limita- |mortal- | throw |competi-| |index|of wood | | | | tion | ity | hazard | tion | | | fiber | _________________________|______|________|________|________|________|________|____________________|_____|________| | | | | | | | | |cu ft/ac| | | | | | | | | | | 365: | | | | | | | | | | Naumburg----------------| 2W |Slight |Moderate|Severe |Moderate| --- |American elm--------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |black ash-----------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |eastern hemlock-----| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |eastern white pine--| 60 | 100 |  | | | | | | |green ash-----------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |paper birch---------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |red maple-----------| 60 | 43 | | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 55 | 29 | | | | | | | |white spruce--------| 50 | 114 | | | | | | | |yellow birch--------| --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | Croghan-----------------| 10S |Slight |Slight |Moderate|Slight | --- |eastern white pine--| 65 | 143 | | | | | | | |red maple-----------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 55 | 29 |  | | | | | | | | | | 376A: | | | | | | | | | | Colton------------------| 3S |Slight |Slight |Severe |Slight | --- |eastern white pine--| 62 | 114 | | | | | | | |red pine------------| 52 | 86 |  | | | | | | |red spruce----------| 39 | 86 |  | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 61 | 43 | | | | | | | |white spruce--------| 52 | 114 | | | | | | | | | | | Duxbury-----------------| 8A |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |balsam fir----------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |eastern hemlock-----| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |eastern white pine--| 65 | 114 | | | | | | | |red maple-----------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |red pine------------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |red spruce----------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 55 | 29 | | | | | | | |white spruce--------| --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | Adams-------------------| 3S |Slight |Slight |Severe |Slight | --- |American beech------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |eastern hemlock-----| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |eastern white pine--| 66 | 114 |  | | | | | | |red maple-----------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 61 | 43 | | | | | | | | | | | 376C: | | | | | | | | | | Colton------------------| 3S |Slight |Slight |Severe |Slight | --- |eastern white pine--| 62 | 114 | | | | | | | |red pine------------| 52 | 86 |  | | | | | | |red spruce----------| 39 | 86 |  | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 61 | 43 | | | | | | | |white spruce--------| 52 | 114 | | | | | | | | | | |
Table 8.--Forestland Management and Productivity--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Management concerns | Potential productivity | | |____________________________________________|___________________________________| Map symbol and |Ordi- | | Equip- | | | | | | | soil name |nation|Erosion | ment |Seedling| Wind- | Plant | Common trees |Site | Volume |  |symbol| hazard |limita- |mortal- | throw |competi-| |index|of wood | | | | tion | ity | hazard | tion | | | fiber | _________________________|______|________|________|________|________|________|____________________|_____|________| | | | | | | | | |cu ft/ac| | | | | | | | | | | 376C: | | | | | | | | | | Duxbury-----------------| 8A |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |balsam fir----------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |eastern hemlock-----| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |eastern white pine--| 65 | 114 | | | | | | | |red maple-----------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |red pine------------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |red spruce----------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 55 | 29 | | | | | | | |white spruce--------| --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | Adams-------------------| 3S |Slight |Slight |Severe |Slight | --- |American beech------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |eastern hemlock-----| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |eastern white pine--| 66 | 114 |  | | | | | | |red maple-----------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 61 | 43 | | | | | | | | | | | 376D: | | | | | | | | | | Colton------------------| 3S |Slight |Moderate|Severe |Slight | --- |eastern white pine--| 62 | 114 | | | | | | | |red pine------------| 52 | 86 |  | | | | | | |red spruce----------| 39 | 86 |  | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 61 | 43 | | | | | | | |white spruce--------| 52 | 114 | | | | | | | | | | | Duxbury-----------------| 8R |Slight |Moderate|Slight |Slight |Slight |balsam fir----------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |eastern hemlock-----| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |eastern white pine--| 65 | 114 | | | | | | | |red maple-----------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |red pine------------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |red spruce----------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 55 | 29 | | | | | | | |white spruce--------| --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | Adams-------------------| 3S |Slight |Moderate|Severe |Slight | --- |American beech------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |eastern hemlock-----| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |eastern white pine--| 66 | 114 |  | | | | | | |red maple-----------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 61 | 43 | | | | | | | | | | | 380B: | | | | | | | | | | Colton------------------| 3S |Slight |Slight |Severe |Slight | --- |eastern white pine--| 62 | 114 | | | | | | | |red pine------------| 52 | 86 |  | | | | | | |red spruce----------| 39 | 86 |  | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 61 | 43 | | | | | | | |white spruce--------| 52 | 114 | | | | | | | | | | |
Table 8.--Forestland Management and Productivity--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Management concerns | Potential productivity  | |____________________________________________|___________________________________ Map symbol and |Ordi- | | Equip- | | | | | |  soil name |nation|Erosion | ment |Seedling| Wind- | Plant | Common trees |Site | Volume  |symbol| hazard |limita- |mortal- | throw |competi-| |index|of wood  | | | tion | ity | hazard | tion | | | fiber _________________________|______|________|________|________|________|________|____________________|_____|________ | | | | | | | | |cu ft/ac | | | | | | | | | 380B: | | | | | | | | |  Duxbury-----------------| 8A |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |balsam fir----------| --- | ---  | | | | | | |eastern hemlock-----| --- | ---  | | | | | | |eastern white pine--| 65 | 114  | | | | | | |red maple-----------| --- | ---  | | | | | | |red pine------------| --- | ---  | | | | | | |red spruce----------| --- | ---  | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 55 | 29  | | | | | | |white spruce--------| --- | ---  | | | | | | | | |  Dawson------------------| 2W |Slight |Severe |Severe |Severe |Severe |black spruce--------| 15 | 29  | | | | | | |tamarack------------| --- | ---  | | | | | | | | | 380D: | | | | | | | | |  Colton------------------| 3S |Slight |Moderate|Severe |Slight | --- |eastern white pine--| 62 | 114  | | | | | | |red pine------------| 52 | 86  | | | | | | |red spruce----------| 39 | 86  | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 61 | 43  | | | | | | |white spruce--------| 52 | 114  | | | | | | | | |  Duxbury-----------------| 8R |Slight |Moderate|Slight |Slight |Slight |balsam fir----------| --- | ---  | | | | | | |eastern hemlock-----| --- | ---  | | | | | | |eastern white pine--| 65 | 114  | | | | | | |red maple-----------| --- | ---  | | | | | | |red pine------------| --- | ---  | | | | | | |red spruce----------| --- | ---  | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 55 | 29  | | | | | | |white spruce--------| --- | ---  | | | | | | | | |  Dawson------------------| 2W |Slight |Severe |Severe |Severe |Severe |black spruce--------| 15 | 29  | | | | | | |tamarack------------| --- | ---  | | | | | | | | | 
Table 8.--Forestland Management and Productivity--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Management concerns | Potential productivity | | |____________________________________________|___________________________________| Map symbol and |Ordi- | | Equip- | | | | | | | soil name |nation|Erosion | ment |Seedling| Wind- | Plant | Common trees |Site | Volume |  |symbol| hazard |limita- |mortal- | throw |competi-| |index|of wood | | | | tion | ity | hazard | tion | | | fiber | _________________________|______|________|________|________|________|________|____________________|_____|________| | | | | | | | | |cu ft/ac| | | | | | | | | | | 643C: | | | | | | | | | | Berkshire, very | | | | | | | | | | bouldery---------------| 9A |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight | --- |balsam fir----------| 60 | 114 | | | | | | | |eastern white pine--| 72 | 129 |  | | | | | | |paper birch---------| 60 | 57 |  | | | | | | |red pine------------| 65 | 114 | | | | | | | |red spruce----------| 50 | 114 | | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 52 | 29 | | | | | | | |white ash-----------| 62 | 43 | | | | | | | |white spruce--------| 55 | 129 | | | | | | | |yellow birch--------| 55 | 29 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 52 | 29 | | | | | | | |white ash-----------| 62 | 43 | | | | | | | |white spruce--------| 55 | 129 | | | | | | | |yellow birch--------| 55 | 29 | | | | | | | | | | | 643D: | | | | | | | | | | Berkshire, very | | | | | | | | | | bouldery---------------| 9R |Slight |Moderate|Slight |Slight | --- |balsam fir----------| 60 | 114 | | | | | | | |eastern white pine--| 72 | 129 |  | | | | | | |paper birch---------| 60 | 57 |  | | | | | | |red pine------------| 65 | 114 | | | | | | | |red spruce----------| 50 | 114 | | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 52 | 29 | | | | | | | |white ash-----------| 62 | 43 | | | | | | | |white spruce--------| 55 | 129 | | | | | | | |yellow birch--------| 55 | 29 | | | | | | | | | | | 644C: | | | | | | | | | | Berkshire, rolling, | | | | | | | | | | very bouldery----------| 9A |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight | --- |balsam fir----------| 60 | 114 | | | | | | | |eastern white pine--| 72 | 129 |  | | | | | | |paper birch---------| 60 | 57 |  | | | | | | |red pine------------| 65 | 114 | | | | | | | |red spruce----------| 50 | 114 | | | | | | | | | | | Lyme, very bouldery-----| 8W |Slight |Severe |Moderate|Severe |Severe |balsam fir----------| 50 | 114 | | | | | | | |eastern white pine--| 65 | 114 |  | | | | | | |red maple-----------| 65 | 43 | | | | | | | |red spruce----------| 50 | 114 | | | | | | | | | | |
Table 8.--Forestland Management and Productivity--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Management concerns | Potential productivity | | |____________________________________________|___________________________________| Map symbol and |Ordi- | | Equip- | | | | | | | soil name |nation|Erosion | ment |Seedling| Wind- | Plant | Common trees |Site | Volume |  |symbol| hazard |limita- |mortal- | throw |competi-| |index|of wood | | | | tion | ity | hazard | tion | | | fiber | _________________________|______|________|________|________|________|________|____________________|_____|________| | | | | | | | | |cu ft/ac| | | | | | | | | | | 644D: | | | | | | | | | | Berkshire, hilly, very | | | | | | | | | | bouldery---------------| 9R |Slight |Moderate|Slight |Slight | --- |balsam fir----------| 60 | 114 | | | | | | | |eastern white pine--| 72 | 129 |  | | | | | | |paper birch---------| 60 | 57 |  | | | | | | |red pine------------| 65 | 114 | | | | | | | |red spruce----------| 50 | 114 | | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 52 | 29 | | | | | | | |white ash-----------| 62 | 43 | | | | | | | |white spruce--------| 55 | 129 | | | | | | | |yellow birch--------| 55 | 29 | | | | | | | | | | | Lyme, very bouldery-----| 8W |Slight |Severe |Moderate|Severe |Severe |balsam fir----------| 50 | 114 | | | | | | | |eastern white pine--| 65 | 114 |  | | | | | | |red maple-----------| 65 | 43 | | | | | | | |red spruce----------| 50 | 114 | | | | | | | | | | | 709B: | | | | | | | | | | Adirondack, very | | | | | | | | | | bouldery---------------| 3W |Slight |Severe |Slight |Slight |Severe |red maple-----------| 65 | 43 | | | | | | | |white ash-----------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |yellow birch--------| 50 | 29 |  | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | Tughill, very bouldery--| 2W |Slight |Severe |Severe |Severe | --- |balsam fir----------| 45 | 86 | | | | | | | |eastern hemlock-----| 50 | --- |  | | | | | | |red maple-----------| 50 | 29 | | | | | | | |red spruce----------| 35 | 72 | | | | | | | | | | | Lyme, very bouldery-----| 8W |Slight |Severe |Moderate|Severe |Severe |balsam fir----------| 50 | 114 | | | | | | | |eastern white pine--| 65 | 114 |  | | | | | | |red maple-----------| 65 | 43 | | | | | | | |red spruce----------| 50 | 114 | | | | | | | | | | | 741C: | | | | | | | | | | Potsdam, very bouldery--| 3R |Moderate|Slight |Slight |Slight | --- |American beech------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |eastern hemlock-----| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |eastern white pine--| 75 | 143 |  | | | | | | |northern red oak----| 70 | 57 |  | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 65 | 43 |  | | | | | | |white ash-----------| 75 | 43 | | | | | | | | | | |
Table 8.--Forestland Management and Productivity--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Management concerns | Potential productivity | | |____________________________________________|___________________________________| Map symbol and |Ordi- | | Equip- | | | | | | | soil name |nation|Erosion | ment |Seedling| Wind- | Plant | Common trees |Site | Volume |  |symbol| hazard |limita- |mortal- | throw |competi-| |index|of wood | | | | tion | ity | hazard | tion | | | fiber | _________________________|______|________|________|________|________|________|____________________|_____|________| | | | | | | | | |cu ft/ac| | | | | | | | | | | 741C: | | | | | | | | | | Tunbridge, very | | | | | | | | | | bouldery---------------| 3A |Slight |Slight |Slight |Moderate|Slight |eastern white pine--| 50 | 86 | | | | | | | |northern red oak----| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 60 | 43 |  | | | | | | | | | | Crary, very bouldery----| 3R |Moderate|Moderate|Slight |Slight | --- |American beech------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |black ash-----------| 75 | 43 |  | | | | | | |eastern white pine--| 75 | 143 | | | | | | | |northern red oak----| 70 | 57 | | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 65 | 43 | | | | | | | |yellow birch--------| 70 | 43 | | | | | | | | | | | 741D: | | | | | | | | | | Potsdam, very bouldery--| 3R |Severe |Moderate|Slight |Slight | --- |American beech------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |eastern hemlock-----| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |eastern white pine--| 75 | 143 |  | | | | | | |northern red oak----| 70 | 57 |  | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 65 | 43 |  | | | | | | |white ash-----------| 75 | 43 | | | | | | | | | | | Tunbridge, very | | | | | | | | | | bouldery---------------| 3R |Moderate|Moderate|Slight |Moderate|Slight |eastern white pine--| 50 | 86 | | | | | | | |northern red oak----| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 60 | 43 |  | | | | | | | | | | 743C: | | | | | | | | | | Potsdam, very bouldery--| 3R |Moderate|Slight |Slight |Slight | --- |American beech------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |eastern hemlock-----| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |eastern white pine--| 75 | 143 |  | | | | | | |northern red oak----| 70 | 57 |  | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 65 | 43 |  | | | | | | |white ash-----------| 75 | 43 | | | | | | | | | | | 743D: | | | | | | | | | | Potsdam, very bouldery--| 3R |Severe |Moderate|Slight |Slight | --- |American beech------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |eastern hemlock-----| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |eastern white pine--| 75 | 143 |  | | | | | | |northern red oak----| 70 | 57 |  | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 65 | 43 |  | | | | | | |white ash-----------| 75 | 43 | | | | | | | | | | |
Table 8.--Forestland Management and Productivity--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Management concerns | Potential productivity | | |____________________________________________|___________________________________| Map symbol and |Ordi- | | Equip- | | | | | | | soil name |nation|Erosion | ment |Seedling| Wind- | Plant | Common trees |Site | Volume |  |symbol| hazard |limita- |mortal- | throw |competi-| |index|of wood | | | | tion | ity | hazard | tion | | | fiber | _________________________|______|________|________|________|________|________|____________________|_____|________| | | | | | | | | |cu ft/ac| | | | | | | | | | | 745C: | | | | | | | | | | Crary, very bouldery----| 3R |Moderate|Moderate|Slight |Slight | --- |American beech------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |black ash-----------| 75 | 43 |  | | | | | | |eastern white pine--| 75 | 143 | | | | | | | |northern red oak----| 70 | 57 | | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 65 | 43 | | | | | | | |yellow birch--------| 70 | 43 | | | | | | | | | | | Potsdam, very bouldery--| 3R |Moderate|Slight |Slight |Slight | --- |American beech------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |eastern hemlock-----| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |eastern white pine--| 75 | 143 |  | | | | | | |northern red oak----| 70 | 57 |  | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 65 | 43 |  | | | | | | |white ash-----------| 75 | 43 | | | | | | | | | | | 747B: | | | | | | | | | | Crary, very bouldery----| 3W |Slight |Moderate|Slight |Slight | --- |American beech------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |black ash-----------| 75 | 43 |  | | | | | | |eastern white pine--| 75 | 143 | | | | | | | |northern red oak----| 70 | 57 | | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 65 | 43 | | | | | | | |yellow birch--------| 70 | 43 | | | | | | | | | | | Adirondack, very | | | | | | | | | | bouldery---------------| 3W |Slight |Severe |Slight |Slight |Severe |red maple-----------| 65 | 43 | | | | | | | |white ash-----------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |yellow birch--------| 50 | 29 |  | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 807: | | | | | | | | | | Udorthents, mine waste. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 831C: | | | | | | | | | | Tunbridge, very | | | | | | | | | | bouldery---------------| 3A |Slight |Slight |Slight |Moderate|Slight |eastern white pine--| 50 | 86 | | | | | | | |northern red oak----| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 60 | 43 |  | | | | | | | | | | Lyman, very bouldery----| 2D |Slight |Slight |Moderate|Severe |Moderate|balsam fir----------| 60 | 114 | | | | | | | |red spruce----------| 40 | 86 |  | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 50 | 29 |  | | | | | | |white spruce--------| 55 | 129 | | | | | | | | | | |
Table 8.--Forestland Management and Productivity--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Management concerns | Potential productivity | | |____________________________________________|___________________________________| Map symbol and |Ordi- | | Equip- | | | | | | | soil name |nation|Erosion | ment |Seedling| Wind- | Plant | Common trees |Site | Volume |  |symbol| hazard |limita- |mortal- | throw |competi-| |index|of wood | | | | tion | ity | hazard | tion | | | fiber | _________________________|______|________|________|________|________|________|____________________|_____|________| | | | | | | | | |cu ft/ac| | | | | | | | | | | 831D: | | | | | | | | | | Tunbridge, very | | | | | | | | | | bouldery---------------| 3R |Moderate|Moderate|Slight |Moderate|Slight |eastern white pine--| 50 | 86 | | | | | | | |northern red oak----| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 60 | 43 |  | | | | | | | | | | Lyman, very bouldery----| 2D |Moderate|Moderate|Moderate|Severe |Moderate|balsam fir----------| 60 | 114 | | | | | | | |red spruce----------| 40 | 86 |  | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 50 | 29 |  | | | | | | |white spruce--------| 55 | 129 | | | | | | | | | | | 831F: | | | | | | | | | | Tunbridge, very | | | | | | | | | | bouldery---------------| 3R |Severe |Severe |Slight |Moderate|Slight |eastern white pine--| 50 | 86 | | | | | | | |northern red oak----| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 60 | 43 |  | | | | | | | | | | Lyman, very bouldery----| 2R |Severe |Severe |Moderate|Severe |Moderate|balsam fir----------| 60 | 114 | | | | | | | |red spruce----------| 40 | 86 |  | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 50 | 29 |  | | | | | | |white spruce--------| 55 | 129 | | | | | | | | | | | 833C: | | | | | | | | | | Tunbridge, very | | | | | | | | | | bouldery---------------| 3A |Slight |Slight |Slight |Moderate|Slight |eastern white pine--| 50 | 86 | | | | | | | |northern red oak----| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 60 | 43 |  | | | | | | | | | | Adirondack, very | | | | | | | | | | bouldery---------------| 3W |Slight |Severe |Slight |Slight |Severe |red maple-----------| 65 | 43 | | | | | | | |white ash-----------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |yellow birch--------| 50 | 29 |  | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | Lyman, very bouldery----| 2D |Slight |Slight |Moderate|Severe |Moderate|balsam fir----------| 60 | 114 | | | | | | | |red spruce----------| 40 | 86 |  | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 50 | 29 |  | | | | | | |white spruce--------| 55 | 129 | | | | | | | | | | | 835C: | | | | | | | | | | Tunbridge, very | | | | | | | | | | bouldery---------------| 3A |Slight |Slight |Slight |Moderate|Slight |eastern white pine--| 50 | 86 | | | | | | | |northern red oak----| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 60 | 43 |  | | | | | | | | | |
Table 8.--Forestland Management and Productivity--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Management concerns | Potential productivity | | |____________________________________________|___________________________________| Map symbol and |Ordi- | | Equip- | | | | | | | soil name |nation|Erosion | ment |Seedling| Wind- | Plant | Common trees |Site | Volume |  |symbol| hazard |limita- |mortal- | throw |competi-| |index|of wood | | | | tion | ity | hazard | tion | | | fiber | _________________________|______|________|________|________|________|________|____________________|_____|________| | | | | | | | | |cu ft/ac| | | | | | | | | | | 835C: | | | | | | | | | | Borosaprists. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Ricker, very bouldery---| 2D |Slight |Slight |Moderate|Severe |Moderate|Arizona mountainash-| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |balsam fir----------| 20 | 57 | | | | | | | |paper birch---------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |red spruce----------| 20 | 29 | | | | | | | |yellow birch--------| --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | 861C: | | | | | | | | | | Lyman-------------------| 2D |Slight |Slight |Moderate|Severe |Moderate|balsam fir----------| 60 | 114 | | | | | | | |red spruce----------| 40 | 86 |  | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 50 | 29 |  | | | | | | |white spruce--------| 55 | 129 | | | | | | | | | | | Ricker, very bouldery---| 2D |Slight |Slight |Moderate|Severe |Moderate|Arizona mountainash-| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |balsam fir----------| 20 | 57 | | | | | | | |paper birch---------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |red spruce----------| 20 | 29 | | | | | | | |yellow birch--------| --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | Rock outcrop, very | | | | | | | | | | bouldery. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 861D: | | | | | | | | | | Lyman, very bouldery----| 2D |Moderate|Moderate|Moderate|Severe |Moderate|balsam fir----------| 60 | 114 | | | | | | | |red spruce----------| 40 | 86 |  | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 50 | 29 |  | | | | | | |white spruce--------| 55 | 129 | | | | | | | | | | | Ricker, very bouldery---| 2D |Moderate|Moderate|Moderate|Severe | --- |Arizona mountainash-| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |balsam fir----------| 20 | 57 | | | | | | | |paper birch---------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |red spruce----------| 20 | 29 | | | | | | | |yellow birch--------| --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | Rock outcrop. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 861F: | | | | | | | | | | Lyman, very bouldery----| 2R |Severe |Severe |Moderate|Severe |Moderate|balsam fir----------| 60 | 114 | | | | | | | |red spruce----------| 40 | 86 |  | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 50 | 29 |  | | | | | | |white spruce--------| 55 | 129 | | | | | | | | | | |
Table 8.--Forestland Management and Productivity--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Management concerns | Potential productivity | | |____________________________________________|___________________________________| Map symbol and |Ordi- | | Equip- | | | | | | | soil name |nation|Erosion | ment |Seedling| Wind- | Plant | Common trees |Site | Volume |  |symbol| hazard |limita- |mortal- | throw |competi-| |index|of wood | | | | tion | ity | hazard | tion | | | fiber | _________________________|______|________|________|________|________|________|____________________|_____|________| | | | | | | | | |cu ft/ac| | | | | | | | | | | 861F: | | | | | | | | | | Ricker, very bouldery---| 2R |Severe |Severe |Severe |Severe | --- |Arizona mountainash-| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |balsam fir----------| 20 | 57 | | | | | | | |paper birch---------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |red spruce----------| 20 | 29 | | | | | | | |yellow birch--------| --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | Rock outcrop. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 891F: | | | | | | | | | | Rock outcrop. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Ricker, very bouldery---| 2R |Severe |Severe |Severe |Severe | --- |Arizona mountainash-| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |balsam fir----------| 20 | 57 | | | | | | | |paper birch---------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |red spruce----------| 20 | 29 | | | | | | | |yellow birch--------| --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | Lyman, very bouldery----| 2R |Severe |Severe |Moderate|Severe |Moderate|balsam fir----------| 60 | 114 | | | | | | | |red spruce----------| 40 | 86 |  | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 50 | 29 |  | | | | | | |white spruce--------| 55 | 129 | | | | | | | | | | | AaB: | | | | | | | | | | Adams, sand-------------| 3S |Slight |Slight |Severe |Slight | --- |American beech------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |eastern hemlock-----| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |eastern white pine--| 66 | 114 |  | | | | | | |red maple-----------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 61 | 43 | | | | | | | | | | | AaC: | | | | | | | | | | Adams, sand-------------| 3S |Slight |Slight |Severe |Slight | --- |American beech------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |eastern hemlock-----| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |eastern white pine--| 66 | 114 |  | | | | | | |red maple-----------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 61 | 43 | | | | | | | | | | | AaD: | | | | | | | | | | Adams, sand-------------| 3S |Slight |Moderate|Severe |Slight | --- |American beech------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |eastern hemlock-----| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |eastern white pine--| 66 | 114 |  | | | | | | |red maple-----------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 61 | 43 | | | | | | | | | | |
Table 8.--Forestland Management and Productivity--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Management concerns | Potential productivity  | |____________________________________________|___________________________________ Map symbol and |Ordi- | | Equip- | | | | | |  soil name |nation|Erosion | ment |Seedling| Wind- | Plant | Common trees |Site | Volume  |symbol| hazard |limita- |mortal- | throw |competi-| |index|of wood  | | | tion | ity | hazard | tion | | | fiber _________________________|______|________|________|________|________|________|____________________|_____|________ | | | | | | | | |cu ft/ac | | | | | | | | | AdB: | | | | | | | | |  Adams, loamy fine sand--| 3S |Slight |Slight |Severe |Slight | --- |American beech------| --- | ---  | | | | | | |eastern hemlock-----| --- | ---  | | | | | | |eastern white pine--| 66 | 114  | | | | | | |red maple-----------| --- | ---  | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 61 | 43  | | | | | | | | | AdC: | | | | | | | | |  Adams, loamy fine sand--| 3S |Slight |Slight |Severe |Slight | --- |American beech------| --- | ---  | | | | | | |eastern hemlock-----| --- | ---  | | | | | | |eastern white pine--| 66 | 114  | | | | | | |red maple-----------| --- | ---  | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 61 | 43  | | | | | | | | | Ak: | | | | | | | | |  Adjidaumo, silty clay---| 2W |Slight |Severe |Severe |Severe | --- |American elm--------| --- | ---  | | | | | | |red maple-----------| 50 | 29  | | | | | | |white ash-----------| --- | ---  | | | | | | | | | Am: | | | | | | | | |  Adjidaumo, mucky silty | | | | | | | | |  clay-------------------| 2W |Slight |Severe |Severe |Severe | --- |American elm--------| --- | ---  | | | | | | |red maple-----------| 50 | 29  | | | | | | |white ash-----------| --- | ---  | | | | | | | | | Ao: | | | | | | | | |  Adjidaumo, flooded------| 2W |Slight |Severe |Severe |Severe | --- |American elm--------| --- | ---  | | | | | | |red maple-----------| 50 | 29  | | | | | | |white ash-----------| --- | ---  | | | | | | | | | Ap: | | | | | | | | |  Adjidaumo, silty clay, | | | | | | | | |  rocky------------------| 2W |Slight |Severe |Severe |Severe | --- |American elm--------| --- | ---  | | | | | | |red maple-----------| 50 | 29  | | | | | | |white ash-----------| --- | ---  | | | | | | | | | ArC: | | | | | | | | |  Adjidaumo---------------| 2W |Slight |Severe |Severe |Severe | --- |American elm--------| --- | ---  | | | | | | |red maple-----------| 50 | 29  | | | | | | |white ash-----------| --- | ---  | | | | | | | | | 
Table 8.--Forestland Management and Productivity--Continued ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Management concerns | Potential productivity | | |____________________________________________|___________________________________| Map symbol and |Ordi- | | Equip- | | | | | | | soil name |nation|Erosion | ment |Seedling| Wind- | Plant | Common trees |Site | Volume |  |symbol| hazard |limita- |mortal- | throw |competi-| |index|of wood | | | | tion | ity | hazard | tion | | | fiber | _________________________|______|________|________|________|________|________|____________________|_____|________|__ | | | | | | | | |cu ft/ac| | | | | | | | | | | ArC: | | | | | | | | | | Summerville-------------| 2D |Slight |Moderate|Moderate|Severe |Slight |American beech------| --- | --- |ea | | | | | | |balsam fir----------| --- | --- | e | | | | | | |basswood------------| --- | --- | p | | | | | | |eastern arborvitae--| --- | --- | | | | | | | |eastern white pine--| 48 | 86 | | | | | | | |paper birch---------| 53 | 57 | | | | | | | |quaking aspen-------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |red pine------------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 57 | 29 | | | | | | | | | | | BeB: | | | | | | | | | | Berkshire---------------| 9A |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight | --- |balsam fir----------| 60 | 114 |Do | | | | | | |eastern white pine--| 72 | 129 | f | | | | | | |paper birch---------| 60 | 57 | p | | | | | | |red pine------------| 65 | 114 | w | | | | | | |red spruce----------| 50 | 114 | | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 52 | 29 | | | | | | | |white ash-----------| 62 | 43 | | | | | | | |white spruce--------| 55 | 129 | | | | | | | |yellow birch--------| 55 | 29 | | | | | | | | | | | BgC: | | | | | | | | | | Berkshire, very | | | | | | | | | | bouldery---------------| 9A |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight | --- |balsam fir----------| 60 | 114 |ba | | | | | | |eastern white pine--| 72 | 129 | w | | | | | | |paper birch---------| 60 | 57 | p | | | | | | |red pine------------| 65 | 114 | | | | | | | |red spruce----------| 50 | 114 | | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 52 | 29 | | | | | | | |white ash-----------| 62 | 43 | | | | | | | |white spruce--------| 55 | 129 | | | | | | | |yellow birch--------| 55 | 29 | | | | | | | | | | | Lyme, very bouldery-----| 8W |Slight |Severe |Moderate|Severe |Severe |balsam fir----------| 50 | 114 |ea | | | | | | |eastern white pine--| 65 | 114 | w | | | | | | |red maple-----------| 65 | 43 | | | | | | | |red spruce----------| 50 | 114 | | | | | | | | | | |
Table 8.--Forestland Management and Productivity--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Management concerns | Potential productivity | | |____________________________________________|___________________________________| Map symbol and |Ordi- | | Equip- | | | | | | | soil name |nation|Erosion | ment |Seedling| Wind- | Plant | Common trees |Site | Volume |  |symbol| hazard |limita- |mortal- | throw |competi-| |index|of wood | | | | tion | ity | hazard | tion | | | fiber | _________________________|______|________|________|________|________|________|____________________|_____|________| | | | | | | | | |cu ft/ac| | | | | | | | | | | BkC: | | | | | | | | | | Berkshire, very | | | | | | | | | | bouldery---------------| 9A |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight | --- |balsam fir----------| 60 | 114 | | | | | | | |eastern white pine--| 72 | 129 |  | | | | | | |paper birch---------| 60 | 57 |  | | | | | | |red pine------------| 65 | 114 | | | | | | | |red spruce----------| 50 | 114 | | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 52 | 29 | | | | | | | |white ash-----------| 62 | 43 | | | | | | | |white spruce--------| 55 | 129 | | | | | | | |yellow birch--------| 55 | 29 | | | | | | | | | | | Sunapee, very bouldery--| 3A |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Moderate|balsam fir----------| 55 | 114 | | | | | | | |eastern white pine--| 72 | 129 |  | | | | | | |northern red oak----| 70 | 57 |  | | | | | | |red spruce----------| 45 | 100 |  | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 67 | 43 | | | | | | | |white spruce--------| 55 | 129 | | | | | | | | | | | Bo: | | | | | | | | | | Borosaprists. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Fluvaquents. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Ce: | | | | | | | | | | Carbondale, undrained---| 5W |Slight |Severe |Severe |Severe |Severe |balsam fir----------| 40 | 72 |  | | | | | | |black spruce--------| 15 | 29 | | | | | | | |eastern arborvitae--| --- | --- | | | | | | | |paper birch---------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |silver maple--------| 78 | 29 | | | | | | | |tamarack------------| --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | CgB: | | | | | | | | | | Colton------------------| 3S |Slight |Slight |Severe |Slight | --- |eastern white pine--| 62 | 114 | | | | | | | |red pine------------| 52 | 86 |  | | | | | | |red spruce----------| 39 | 86 |  | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 61 | 43 | | | | | | | |white spruce--------| 52 | 114 | | | | | | | | | | |
Table 8.--Forestland Management and Productivity--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Management concerns | Potential productivity | | |____________________________________________|___________________________________| Map symbol and |Ordi- | | Equip- | | | | | | | soil name |nation|Erosion | ment |Seedling| Wind- | Plant | Common trees |Site | Volume |  |symbol| hazard |limita- |mortal- | throw |competi-| |index|of wood | | | | tion | ity | hazard | tion | | | fiber | _________________________|______|________|________|________|________|________|____________________|_____|________| | | | | | | | | |cu ft/ac| | | | | | | | | | | CgB: | | | | | | | | | | Duxbury-----------------| 8A |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |balsam fir----------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |eastern hemlock-----| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |eastern white pine--| 65 | 114 | | | | | | | |red maple-----------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |red pine------------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |red spruce----------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 55 | 29 | | | | | | | |white spruce--------| --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | CgC: | | | | | | | | | | Colton------------------| 3S |Slight |Slight |Severe |Slight | --- |eastern white pine--| 62 | 114 | | | | | | | |red pine------------| 52 | 86 |  | | | | | | |red spruce----------| 39 | 86 |  | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 61 | 43 | | | | | | | |white spruce--------| 52 | 114 | | | | | | | | | | | Duxbury-----------------| 8A |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |balsam fir----------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |eastern hemlock-----| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |eastern white pine--| 65 | 114 | | | | | | | |red maple-----------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |red pine------------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |red spruce----------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 55 | 29 | | | | | | | |white spruce--------| --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | CgD: | | | | | | | | | | Colton------------------| 3S |Slight |Moderate|Severe |Slight | --- |eastern white pine--| 62 | 114 | | | | | | | |red pine------------| 52 | 86 |  | | | | | | |red spruce----------| 39 | 86 |  | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 61 | 43 | | | | | | | |white spruce--------| 52 | 114 | | | | | | | | | | | Duxbury-----------------| 8R |Slight |Moderate|Slight |Slight |Slight |balsam fir----------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |eastern hemlock-----| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |eastern white pine--| 65 | 114 | | | | | | | |red maple-----------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |red pine------------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |red spruce----------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 55 | 29 | | | | | | | |white spruce--------| --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | |
Table 8.--Forestland Management and Productivity--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Management concerns | Potential productivity | | |____________________________________________|___________________________________| Map symbol and |Ordi- | | Equip- | | | | | | | soil name |nation|Erosion | ment |Seedling| Wind- | Plant | Common trees |Site | Volume |  |symbol| hazard |limita- |mortal- | throw |competi-| |index|of wood | | | | tion | ity | hazard | tion | | | fiber | _________________________|______|________|________|________|________|________|____________________|_____|________| | | | | | | | | |cu ft/ac| | | | | | | | | | | Ck: | | | | | | | | | | Cook--------------------| 6W |Slight |Severe |Severe |Severe |Severe |eastern white pine--| 55 | 86 | | | | | | | |red maple-----------| 50 | 29 | | | | | | | | | | | Cn: | | | | | | | | | | Cornish-----------------| 8W |Slight |Moderate|Severe |Moderate|Severe |American elm--------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |balsam fir----------| 55 | 114 |  | | | | | | |eastern white pine--| 65 | 114 |  | | | | | | |gray birch----------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |red maple-----------| 57 | 29 | | | | | | | |red spruce----------| 45 | 100 | | | | | | | | | | | Cp: | | | | | | | | | | Coveytown---------------| 2W |Slight |Moderate|Moderate|Moderate| --- |eastern white pine--| 65 | 114 | | | | | | | |red maple-----------| 55 | 29 |  | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | Cr: | | | | | | | | | | Coveytown, very stony---| 2W |Slight |Moderate|Moderate|Moderate| --- |eastern white pine--| 65 | 114 | | | | | | | |red maple-----------| 55 | 29 |  | | | | | | | | | | Cook, very stony--------| 6W |Slight |Severe |Severe |Severe |Severe |eastern white pine--| 55 | 86 | | | | | | | |red maple-----------| 50 | 29 | | | | | | | | | | | CsB: | | | | | | | | | | Crary-------------------| 3W |Slight |Moderate|Slight |Slight | --- |American beech------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |black ash-----------| 75 | 43 |  | | | | | | |eastern white pine--| 75 | 143 |  | | | | | | |northern red oak----| 70 | 57 |  | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 65 | 43 | | | | | | | |yellow birch--------| 70 | 43 | | | | | | | | | | | CtB: | | | | | | | | | | Crary, very bouldery----| 3W |Slight |Moderate|Slight |Slight | --- |American beech------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |black ash-----------| 75 | 43 |  | | | | | | |eastern white pine--| 75 | 143 | | | | | | | |northern red oak----| 70 | 57 | | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 65 | 43 | | | | | | | |yellow birch--------| 70 | 43 | | | | | | | | | | |
Table 8.--Forestland Management and Productivity--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Management concerns | Potential productivity | | |____________________________________________|___________________________________| Map symbol and |Ordi- | | Equip- | | | | | | | soil name |nation|Erosion | ment |Seedling| Wind- | Plant | Common trees |Site | Volume |  |symbol| hazard |limita- |mortal- | throw |competi-| |index|of wood | | | | tion | ity | hazard | tion | | | fiber | _________________________|______|________|________|________|________|________|____________________|_____|________| | | | | | | | | |cu ft/ac| | | | | | | | | | | CtB: | | | | | | | | | | Potsdam, very bouldery--| 3A |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight | --- |American beech------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |eastern hemlock-----| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |eastern white pine--| 75 | 143 |  | | | | | | |northern red oak----| 70 | 57 |  | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 65 | 43 |  | | | | | | |white ash-----------| 75 | 43 | | | | | | | | | | | CuB: | | | | | | | | | | Croghan, sand-----------| 10S |Slight |Slight |Moderate|Slight | --- |eastern white pine--| 65 | 143 | | | | | | | |red maple-----------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 55 | 29 |  | | | | | | | | | | CvA: | | | | | | | | | | Croghan, loamy fine | | | | | | | | | | sand-------------------| 10S |Slight |Slight |Moderate|Slight | --- |eastern white pine--| 65 | 143 | | | | | | | |red maple-----------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 55 | 29 |  | | | | | | | | | | CvB: | | | | | | | | | | Croghan, loamy fine | | | | | | | | | | sand-------------------| 10S |Slight |Slight |Moderate|Slight | --- |eastern white pine--| 65 | 143 | | | | | | | |red maple-----------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 55 | 29 |  | | | | | | | | | | Da: | | | | | | | | | | Dawson------------------| 2W |Slight |Severe |Severe |Severe |Severe |black spruce--------| 15 | 29 |  | | | | | | |tamarack------------| --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | DAM: | | | | | | | | | | Large dams. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Dd: | | | | | | | | | | Deford, loamy fine sand-| 4W |Slight |Severe |Severe |Severe |Severe |American basswood---| --- | --- | | | | | | | |balsam fir----------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |eastern arborvitae--| --- | --- | | | | | | | |quaking aspen-------| 60 | 57 | | | | | | | |red maple-----------| 64 | 43 | | | | | | | | | | |
Table 8.--Forestland Management and Productivity--Continued ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Management concerns | Potential productivity | | |____________________________________________|___________________________________| Map symbol and |Ordi- | | Equip- | | | | | | | soil name |nation|Erosion | ment |Seedling| Wind- | Plant | Common trees |Site | Volume |  |symbol| hazard |limita- |mortal- | throw |competi-| |index|of wood | | | | tion | ity | hazard | tion | | | fiber | _________________________|______|________|________|________|________|________|____________________|_____|________|_ | | | | | | | | |cu ft/ac| | | | | | | | | | | Df: | | | | | | | | | | Deford, mucky loamy | | | | | | | | | | fine sand--------------| 4W |Slight |Severe |Severe |Severe |Severe |American basswood---| --- | --- |e | | | | | | |balsam fir----------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |eastern arborvitae--| --- | --- | | | | | | | |quaking aspen-------| 60 | 57 | | | | | | | |red maple-----------| 64 | 43 | | | | | | | | | | | DpA: | | | | | | | | | | Depeyster---------------| 3A |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight | --- |American basswood---| 75 | 43 |D | | | | | | |black cherry--------| 80 | 57 |  | | | | | | |northern red oak----| 80 | 57 |  | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 70 | 43 |  | | | | | | |white ash-----------| 85 | 57 |  | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | DpB: | | | | | | | | | | Depeyster---------------| 3A |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight | --- |American basswood---| 75 | 43 |D | | | | | | |black cherry--------| 80 | 57 |  | | | | | | |northern red oak----| 80 | 57 |  | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 70 | 43 |  | | | | | | |white ash-----------| 85 | 57 |  | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | DpC: | | | | | | | | | | Depeyster---------------| 3R |Moderate|Slight |Slight |Slight | --- |American basswood---| 75 | 43 |D | | | | | | |black cherry--------| 80 | 57 |  | | | | | | |northern red oak----| 80 | 57 |  | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 70 | 43 |  | | | | | | |white ash-----------| 85 | 57 |  | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | Dr: | | | | | | | | | | Dorval------------------| 2W |Slight |Severe |Severe |Severe | --- |American elm--------| --- | --- |e | | | | | | |eastern arborvitae--| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |red maple-----------| 50 | 29 | | | | | | | |white ash-----------| --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | Du: | | | | | | | | | | Dune land. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Table 8.--Forestland Management and Productivity--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Management concerns | Potential productivity | | |____________________________________________|___________________________________| Map symbol and |Ordi- | | Equip- | | | | | | | soil name |nation|Erosion | ment |Seedling| Wind- | Plant | Common trees |Site | Volume |  |symbol| hazard |limita- |mortal- | throw |competi-| |index|of wood | | | | tion | ity | hazard | tion | | | fiber | _________________________|______|________|________|________|________|________|____________________|_____|________| | | | | | | | | |cu ft/ac| | | | | | | | | | | EeB: | | | | | | | | | | Eelweir-----------------| 3A |Slight |Slight |Slight |Moderate|Moderate|eastern white pine--| 75 | 143 | | | | | | | |northern red oak----| 70 | 57 |  | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 65 | 43 |  | | | | | | |white ash-----------| 80 | 57 |  | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | EmA: | | | | | | | | | | Elmwood-----------------| 8A |Slight |Slight |Slight |Moderate|Moderate|eastern white pine--| 66 | 114 | | | | | | | |northern red oak----| 70 | 57 |  | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 62 | 43 |  | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | EmB: | | | | | | | | | | Elmwood-----------------| 8A |Slight |Slight |Slight |Moderate|Moderate|eastern white pine--| 66 | 114 | | | | | | | |northern red oak----| 70 | 57 |  | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 62 | 43 |  | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | Fa: | | | | | | | | | | Fahey-------------------| 8A |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |eastern white pine--| 65 | 114 | | | | | | | |northern red oak----| 60 | 43 |  | | | | | | |red pine------------| 65 | 114 |  | | | | | | |red spruce----------| 45 | 100 |  | | | | | | | | | | FkA: | | | | | | | | | | Flackville--------------| 3S |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight | --- |eastern white pine--| 75 | 143 | | | | | | | |northern red oak----| 70 | 57 |  | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 65 | 43 |  | | | | | | | | | | FkB: | | | | | | | | | | Flackville--------------| 3S |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight | --- |eastern white pine--| 75 | 143 | | | | | | | |northern red oak----| 70 | 57 |  | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 65 | 43 |  | | | | | | | | | | Fu: | | | | | | | | | | Fluvaquents, frequently | | | | | | | | | | flooded. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Udifluvents, frequently | | | | | | | | | | flooded. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Table 8.--Forestland Management and Productivity--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Management concerns | Potential productivity | | |____________________________________________|___________________________________| Map symbol and |Ordi- | | Equip- | | | | | | | soil name |nation|Erosion | ment |Seedling| Wind- | Plant | Common trees |Site | Volume |  |symbol| hazard |limita- |mortal- | throw |competi-| |index|of wood | | | | tion | ity | hazard | tion | | | fiber | _________________________|______|________|________|________|________|________|____________________|_____|________| | | | | | | | | |cu ft/ac| | | | | | | | | | | GrB: | | | | | | | | | | Grenville---------------| 3A |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |American basswood---| 80 | 57 | | | | | | | |eastern white pine--| 85 | 143 |  | | | | | | |northern red oak----| 80 | 57 |  | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 70 | 43 |  | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | GrC: | | | | | | | | | | Grenville---------------| 3A |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |American basswood---| 80 | 57 | | | | | | | |eastern white pine--| 85 | 143 |  | | | | | | |northern red oak----| 80 | 57 |  | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 70 | 43 |  | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | GsD: | | | | | | | | | | Grenville, very stony---| 3X |Slight |Moderate|Slight |Slight |Slight |American basswood---| 80 | 57 | | | | | | | |eastern white pine--| 85 | 143 |  | | | | | | |northern red oak----| 80 | 57 |  | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 70 | 43 |  | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | Gu: | | | | | | | | | | Guff--------------------| 2W |Slight |Severe |Severe |Severe |Severe |American elm--------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |red maple-----------| --- | 29 | | | | | | | |white ash-----------| --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | HaA: | | | | | | | | | | Hailesboro--------------| 3W |Slight |Moderate|Moderate|Moderate| --- |eastern hemlock-----| 65 | --- | | | | | | | |northern red oak----| 70 | 57 |  | | | | | | |red maple-----------| 65 | 43 |  | | | | | | |white ash-----------| 70 | 43 |  | | | | | | | | | | HaB: | | | | | | | | | | Hailesboro--------------| 3W |Slight |Moderate|Moderate|Moderate| --- |eastern hemlock-----| 65 | --- | | | | | | | |northern red oak----| 70 | 57 |  | | | | | | |red maple-----------| 65 | 43 |  | | | | | | |white ash-----------| 70 | 43 |  | | | | | | | | | | Hc: | | | | | | | | | | Hannawa-----------------| 6W |Slight |Severe |Moderate|Severe |Severe |balsam fir----------| 40 | 86 | | | | | | | |eastern arborvitae--| 40 | 57 |  | | | | | | | | | |
Table 8.--Forestland Management and Productivity--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Management concerns | Potential productivity | | |____________________________________________|___________________________________| Map symbol and |Ordi- | | Equip- | | | | | | | soil name |nation|Erosion | ment |Seedling| Wind- | Plant | Common trees |Site | Volume |  |symbol| hazard |limita- |mortal- | throw |competi-| |index|of wood | | | | tion | ity | hazard | tion | | | fiber | _________________________|______|________|________|________|________|________|____________________|_____|________| | | | | | | | | |cu ft/ac| | | | | | | | | | | HeB: | | | | | | | | | | Heuvelton---------------| 2A |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight | --- |eastern white pine--| --- | --- | | | | | | | |northern red oak----| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |white ash-----------| --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | HeC: | | | | | | | | | | Heuvelton, rolling------| 2R |Moderate|Slight |Slight |Slight | --- |eastern white pine--| --- | --- | | | | | | | |northern red oak----| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |white ash-----------| --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | HkE: | | | | | | | | | | Heuvelton---------------| 2R |Severe |Moderate|Slight |Slight | --- |eastern white pine--| --- | --- | | | | | | | |northern red oak----| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |white ash-----------| --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | Depeyster---------------| 3R |Severe |Moderate|Slight |Slight | --- |American basswood---| 75 | 43 | | | | | | | |black cherry--------| 80 | 57 |  | | | | | | |northern red oak----| 80 | 57 |  | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 70 | 43 |  | | | | | | |white ash-----------| 85 | 57 |  | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | HnA: | | | | | | | | | | Hogansburg--------------| 3A |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight | --- |American basswood---| --- | --- | | | | | | | |eastern white pine--| 75 | 143 |  | | | | | | |northern red oak----| 70 | 57 |  | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 65 | 43 |  | | | | | | |white ash-----------| 75 | 43 | | | | | | | | | | | HnB: | | | | | | | | | | Hogansburg--------------| 3A |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight | --- |American basswood---| --- | --- | | | | | | | |eastern white pine--| 75 | 143 |  | | | | | | |northern red oak----| 70 | 57 |  | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 65 | 43 |  | | | | | | |white ash-----------| 75 | 43 | | | | | | | | | | |
Table 8.--Forestland Management and Productivity--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Management concerns | Potential productivity | | |____________________________________________|___________________________________| Map symbol and |Ordi- | | Equip- | | | | | | | soil name |nation|Erosion | ment |Seedling| Wind- | Plant | Common trees |Site | Volume |  |symbol| hazard |limita- |mortal- | throw |competi-| |index|of wood | | | | tion | ity | hazard | tion | | | fiber | _________________________|______|________|________|________|________|________|____________________|_____|________| | | | | | | | | |cu ft/ac| | | | | | | | | | | HrB: | | | | | | | | | | Hogansburg, very stony--| 3A |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight | --- |American basswood---| --- | --- | | | | | | | |eastern white pine--| 75 | 143 |  | | | | | | |northern red oak----| 70 | 57 |  | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 65 | 43 |  | | | | | | |white ash-----------| 75 | 43 | | | | | | | | | | | Grenville, very stony---| 3X |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |American basswood---| 80 | 57 | | | | | | | |eastern white pine--| 85 | 143 |  | | | | | | |northern red oak----| 80 | 57 |  | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 70 | 43 |  | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | IaB: | | | | | | | | | | Insula------------------| 2D |Slight |Slight |Severe |Moderate| --- |northern red oak----| 47 | 29 | | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 56 | 29 |  | | | | | | | | | | InB: | | | | | | | | | | Insula------------------| 2D |Slight |Slight |Severe |Moderate| --- |northern red oak----| 47 | 29 | | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 56 | 29 |  | | | | | | | | | | IrC: | | | | | | | | | | Insula, rolling---------| 2D |Slight |Slight |Severe |Moderate| --- |northern red oak----| --- | 29 | | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| --- | 86 |  | | | | | | | | | | Rock outcrop. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | IrD: | | | | | | | | | | Insula, hilly-----------| 2D |Slight |Moderate|Severe |Moderate| --- |northern red oak----| --- | 29 | | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| --- | 86 |  | | | | | | | | | | Rock outcrop. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | KaA: | | | | | | | | | | Kalurah-----------------| 3A |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight | --- |northern red oak----| 75 | 57 | | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 65 | 43 |  | | | | | | |white oak-----------| 70 | 57 |  | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | |
Table 8.--Forestland Management and Productivity--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Management concerns | Potential productivity | | |____________________________________________|___________________________________| Map symbol and |Ordi- | | Equip- | | | | | | | soil name |nation|Erosion | ment |Seedling| Wind- | Plant | Common trees |Site | Volume |  |symbol| hazard |limita- |mortal- | throw |competi-| |index|of wood | | | | tion | ity | hazard | tion | | | fiber | _________________________|______|________|________|________|________|________|____________________|_____|________| | | | | | | | | |cu ft/ac| | | | | | | | | | | KaB: | | | | | | | | | | Kalurah-----------------| 3A |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight | --- |northern red oak----| 75 | 57 | | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 65 | 43 |  | | | | | | |white oak-----------| 70 | 57 |  | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | KbB: | | | | | | | | | | Kalurah, very stony-----| 4A |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight | --- |northern red oak----| 75 | 57 | | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 65 | --- |  | | | | | | |white oak-----------| 70 | --- |  | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | Pyrities, very stony----| 3A |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight | --- |American beech------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |northern red oak----| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 65 | 43 |  | | | | | | |white oak-----------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | | | | | Lc: | | | | | | | | | | Lovewell----------------| 10A |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Severe |American elm--------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |balsam fir----------| 65 | 129 |  | | | | | | |eastern white pine--| 75 | 143 |  | | | | | | |red maple-----------| 62 | 43 |  | | | | | | |red spruce----------| 55 | 129 | | | | | | | |white spruce--------| 65 | 143 | | | | | | | | | | | Ld: | | | | | | | | | | Loxley------------------| 2W |Slight |Severe |Severe |Severe |Severe |balsam fir----------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |black spruce--------| 15 | 29 | | | | | | | |tamarack------------| --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | LeC: | | | | | | | | | | Lyman-------------------| 2D |Slight |Slight |Moderate|Severe |Moderate|balsam fir----------| 60 | 114 | | | | | | | |red spruce----------| 40 | 86 |  | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 50 | 29 |  | | | | | | |white spruce--------| 55 | 129 | | | | | | | | | | | Rock outcrop. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | LeD: | | | | | | | | | | Lyman, very bouldery----| 2D |Moderate|Moderate|Moderate|Severe |Moderate|balsam fir----------| 60 | 114 | | | | | | | |red spruce----------| 40 | 86 |  | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 50 | 29 |  | | | | | | |white spruce--------| 55 | 129 | | | | | | | | | | |
Table 8.--Forestland Management and Productivity--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Management concerns | Potential productivity | | |____________________________________________|___________________________________| Map symbol and |Ordi- | | Equip- | | | | | | | soil name |nation|Erosion | ment |Seedling| Wind- | Plant | Common trees |Site | Volume |  |symbol| hazard |limita- |mortal- | throw |competi-| |index|of wood | | | | tion | ity | hazard | tion | | | fiber | _________________________|______|________|________|________|________|________|____________________|_____|________| | | | | | | | | |cu ft/ac| | | | | | | | | | | LeD: | | | | | | | | | | Rock outcrop. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Lt: | | | | | | | | | | Lyme, very bouldery-----| 8W |Slight |Severe |Moderate|Severe |Severe |balsam fir----------| 50 | 114 | | | | | | | |eastern white pine--| 65 | 114 |  | | | | | | |red maple-----------| 65 | 43 | | | | | | | |red spruce----------| 50 | 114 | | | | | | | | | | | Tughill, very bouldery--| 2W |Slight |Severe |Severe |Severe | --- |balsam fir----------| 45 | 86 | | | | | | | |eastern hemlock-----| 50 | --- |  | | | | | | |red maple-----------| 50 | 29 | | | | | | | |red spruce----------| 35 | 72 | | | | | | | | | | | MaA: | | | | | | | | | | Malone------------------| 3W |Slight |Moderate|Moderate|Moderate| --- |eastern arborvitae--| --- | --- | | | | | | | |eastern hemlock-----| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |northern red oak----| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |red maple-----------| 70 | 43 | | | | | | | | | | | MaB: | | | | | | | | | | Malone------------------| 3W |Slight |Moderate|Moderate|Moderate| --- |eastern arborvitae--| --- | --- | | | | | | | |eastern hemlock-----| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |northern red oak----| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |red maple-----------| 70 | 43 | | | | | | | | | | | MbB: | | | | | | | | | | Malone, very stony------| 3W |Slight |Moderate|Moderate|Moderate| --- |eastern arborvitae--| --- | --- | | | | | | | |eastern hemlock-----| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |northern red oak----| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |red maple-----------| 70 | 43 | | | | | | | | | | | MdB: | | | | | | | | | | Malone, undulating------| 3W |Slight |Moderate|Moderate|Moderate| --- |eastern arborvitae--| --- | --- | | | | | | | |eastern hemlock-----| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |northern red oak----| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |red maple-----------| 70 | 43 | | | | | | | | | | | Adjidaumo---------------| 2W |Slight |Severe |Severe |Severe | --- |American elm--------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |red maple-----------| 50 | 29 |  | | | | | | |white ash-----------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | | | | |
Table 8.--Forestland Management and Productivity--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Management concerns | Potential productivity | | |____________________________________________|___________________________________| Map symbol and |Ordi- | | Equip- | | | | | | | soil name |nation|Erosion | ment |Seedling| Wind- | Plant | Common trees |Site | Volume |  |symbol| hazard |limita- |mortal- | throw |competi-| |index|of wood | | | | tion | ity | hazard | tion | | | fiber | _________________________|______|________|________|________|________|________|____________________|_____|________| | | | | | | | | |cu ft/ac| | | | | | | | | | | MeB: | | | | | | | | | | Malone, very stony------| 3W |Slight |Moderate|Moderate|Moderate| --- |eastern arborvitae--| --- | --- | | | | | | | |eastern hemlock-----| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |northern red oak----| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |red maple-----------| 70 | 43 | | | | | | | | | | | Adjidaumo---------------| 2W |Slight |Severe |Severe |Severe | --- |American elm--------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |red maple-----------| 50 | 29 |  | | | | | | |white ash-----------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | | | | | MfA: | | | | | | | | | | Matoon------------------| 3W |Slight |Severe |Slight |Moderate| --- |eastern hemlock-----| --- | --- | | | | | | | |eastern white pine--| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |northern red oak----| --- | --- | | | | | | | |red maple-----------| 60 | 43 | | | | | | | |white ash-----------| --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | MfB: | | | | | | | | | | Matoon------------------| 3W |Slight |Severe |Slight |Moderate| --- |eastern hemlock-----| --- | --- | | | | | | | |eastern white pine--| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |northern red oak----| --- | --- | | | | | | | |red maple-----------| 60 | 43 | | | | | | | |white ash-----------| --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | Mh: | | | | | | | | | | Mino--------------------| 3W |Slight |Moderate|Moderate|Moderate| --- |eastern hemlock-----| 65 | --- | | | | | | | |northern red oak----| 70 | 57 |  | | | | | | |white ash-----------| 69 | 43 |  | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | Mn: | | | | | | | | | | Munuscong---------------| 3W |Slight |Severe |Severe |Severe |Severe |balsam fir----------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |black ash-----------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |black spruce--------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |eastern arborvitae--| --- | --- | | | | | | | |paper birch---------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |quaking aspen-------| 50 | 43 | | | | | | | |red maple-----------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |tamarack------------| --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | |
Table 8.--Forestland Management and Productivity--Continued ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Management concerns | Potential productivity | | |____________________________________________|___________________________________| Map symbol and |Ordi- | | Equip- | | | | | | | soil name |nation|Erosion | ment |Seedling| Wind- | Plant | Common trees |Site | Volume |  |symbol| hazard |limita- |mortal- | throw |competi-| |index|of wood | | | | tion | ity | hazard | tion | | | fiber | _________________________|______|________|________|________|________|________|____________________|_____|________|_ | | | | | | | | |cu ft/ac| | | | | | | | | | | MsA: | | | | | | | | | | Muskellunge-------------| 3W |Slight |Moderate|Slight |Slight | --- |eastern white pine--| --- | --- |E | | | | | | |northern red oak----| 70 | 57 |  | | | | | | |red maple-----------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 65 | 43 |  | | | | | | | | | | MsB: | | | | | | | | | | Muskellunge-------------| 3W |Slight |Moderate|Slight |Slight | --- |eastern white pine--| --- | --- |E | | | | | | |northern red oak----| 70 | 57 |  | | | | | | |red maple-----------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 65 | 43 |  | | | | | | | | | | MuB: | | | | | | | | | | Muskellunge-------------| 3W |Slight |Moderate|Slight |Slight | --- |eastern white pine--| --- | --- |E | | | | | | |northern red oak----| 70 | 57 |  | | | | | | |red maple-----------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 65 | 43 |  | | | | | | | | | | MwB: | | | | | | | | | | Muskellunge, undulating-| 3W |Slight |Moderate|Slight |Slight | --- |eastern white pine--| --- | --- |E | | | | | | |northern red oak----| 70 | 57 |  | | | | | | |red maple-----------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 65 | 43 |  | | | | | | | | | | Adjidaumo---------------| 2W |Slight |Severe |Severe |Severe | --- |American elm--------| --- | --- |e | | | | | | |red maple-----------| 50 | 29 |  | | | | | | |white ash-----------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | | | | | Na: | | | | | | | | | | Naumburg----------------| 2W |Slight |Moderate|Severe |Moderate| --- |American elm--------| --- | --- |N | | | | | | |black ash-----------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |eastern hemlock-----| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |eastern white pine--| 60 | 100 |  | | | | | | |green ash-----------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |paper birch---------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |red maple-----------| 60 | 43 | | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 55 | 29 | | | | | | | |white spruce--------| 50 | 114 | | | | | | | |yellow birch--------| --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | |
Table 8.--Forestland Management and Productivity--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Management concerns | Potential productivity | | |____________________________________________|___________________________________| Map symbol and |Ordi- | | Equip- | | | | | | | soil name |nation|Erosion | ment |Seedling| Wind- | Plant | Common trees |Site | Volume |  |symbol| hazard |limita- |mortal- | throw |competi-| |index|of wood | | | | tion | ity | hazard | tion | | | fiber | _________________________|______|________|________|________|________|________|____________________|_____|________| | | | | | | | | |cu ft/ac| | | | | | | | | | | NhA: | | | | | | | | | | Nehasne-----------------| 3A |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight | --- |northern red oak----| 70 | 57 | | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 65 | 43 |  | | | | | | |white ash-----------| 75 | 43 |  | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | NhB: | | | | | | | | | | Nehasne-----------------| 3A |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight | --- |northern red oak----| 70 | 57 | | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 65 | 43 |  | | | | | | |white ash-----------| 75 | 43 |  | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | NhC: | | | | | | | | | | Nehasne-----------------| 3A |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight | --- |northern red oak----| 70 | 57 | | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 65 | 43 |  | | | | | | |white ash-----------| 75 | 43 |  | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | NoA: | | | | | | | | | | Nicholville-------------| 3A |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight | --- |eastern white pine--| 75 | 172 | | | | | | | |northern red oak----| 70 | 57 |  | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 65 | 43 |  | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | NoB: | | | | | | | | | | Nicholville-------------| 3A |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight | --- |eastern white pine--| 75 | 172 | | | | | | | |northern red oak----| 70 | 57 |  | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 65 | 43 |  | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | NoC: | | | | | | | | | | Nicholville, rolling----| 3R |Moderate|Slight |Slight |Slight | --- |eastern white pine--| 75 | 172 | | | | | | | |northern red oak----| 70 | 57 |  | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 65 | 43 |  | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | NrB: | | | | | | | | | | Nicholville-------------| 3A |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight | --- |eastern white pine--| 75 | 172 | | | | | | | |northern red oak----| 70 | 57 |  | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 65 | 43 |  | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | |
Table 8.--Forestland Management and Productivity--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Management concerns | Potential productivity | | |____________________________________________|___________________________________| Map symbol and |Ordi- | | Equip- | | | | | | | soil name |nation|Erosion | ment |Seedling| Wind- | Plant | Common trees |Site | Volume |  |symbol| hazard |limita- |mortal- | throw |competi-| |index|of wood | | | | tion | ity | hazard | tion | | | fiber | _________________________|______|________|________|________|________|________|____________________|_____|________| | | | | | | | | |cu ft/ac| | | | | | | | | | | OgA: | | | | | | | | | | Ogdensburg--------------| 3W |Slight |Moderate|Moderate|Moderate| --- |American basswood---| --- | --- | | | | | | | |eastern arborvitae--| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |northern red oak----| 70 | 43 |  | | | | | | |red maple-----------| 70 | 43 | | | | | | | |white ash-----------| 78 | 43 | | | | | | | | | | | OgB: | | | | | | | | | | Ogdensburg--------------| 3W |Slight |Moderate|Moderate|Moderate| --- |American basswood---| --- | --- | | | | | | | |eastern arborvitae--| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |northern red oak----| 70 | 43 |  | | | | | | |red maple-----------| 70 | 43 | | | | | | | |white ash-----------| 78 | 43 | | | | | | | | | | | Pg: | | | | | | | | | | Pits, gravel and sand. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Ph: | | | | | | | | | | Pits, quarry. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | PmC: | | | | | | | | | | Potsdam-----------------| 3R |Moderate|Slight |Slight |Slight | --- |American beech------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |eastern hemlock-----| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |eastern white pine--| 75 | 143 |  | | | | | | |northern red oak----| 70 | 57 |  | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 65 | 43 |  | | | | | | |white ash-----------| 75 | 43 | | | | | | | | | | | PoC: | | | | | | | | | | Potsdam, very bouldery--| 3R |Severe |Moderate|Slight |Slight | --- |American beech------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |eastern hemlock-----| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |eastern white pine--| 75 | 143 |  | | | | | | |northern red oak----| 70 | 57 |  | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 65 | 43 |  | | | | | | |white ash-----------| 75 | 43 | | | | | | | | | | | Tunbridge, very | | | | | | | | | | bouldery---------------| 3R |Moderate|Moderate|Slight |Moderate|Slight |eastern white pine--| 50 | 86 | | | | | | | |northern red oak----| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 60 | 43 |  | | | | | | | | | |
Table 8.--Forestland Management and Productivity--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Management concerns | Potential productivity | | |____________________________________________|___________________________________| Map symbol and |Ordi- | | Equip- | | | | | | | soil name |nation|Erosion | ment |Seedling| Wind- | Plant | Common trees |Site | Volume |  |symbol| hazard |limita- |mortal- | throw |competi-| |index|of wood | | | | tion | ity | hazard | tion | | | fiber | _________________________|______|________|________|________|________|________|____________________|_____|________| | | | | | | | | |cu ft/ac| | | | | | | | | | | PoD: | | | | | | | | | | Potsdam, very bouldery--| 3R |Severe |Moderate|Slight |Slight | --- |American beech------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |eastern hemlock-----| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |eastern white pine--| 75 | 143 |  | | | | | | |northern red oak----| 70 | 57 |  | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 65 | 43 |  | | | | | | |white ash-----------| 75 | 43 | | | | | | | | | | | Tunbridge, very | | | | | | | | | | bouldery---------------| 3R |Moderate|Moderate|Slight |Moderate|Slight |eastern white pine--| 50 | 86 | | | | | | | |northern red oak----| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 60 | 43 |  | | | | | | | | | | PpD: | | | | | | | | | | Potsdam, very bouldery--| 3R |Severe |Moderate|Slight |Slight | --- |American beech------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |eastern hemlock-----| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |eastern white pine--| 75 | 143 |  | | | | | | |northern red oak----| 70 | 57 |  | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 65 | 43 |  | | | | | | |white ash-----------| 75 | 43 | | | | | | | | | | | Berkshire, very | | | | | | | | | | bouldery---------------| 9R |Slight |Moderate|Slight |Slight | --- |balsam fir----------| 60 | 114 | | | | | | | |eastern white pine--| 72 | 129 |  | | | | | | |paper birch---------| 60 | 57 |  | | | | | | |red pine------------| 65 | 114 | | | | | | | |red spruce----------| 50 | 114 | | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 52 | 29 | | | | | | | |white ash-----------| 62 | 43 | | | | | | | |white spruce--------| 55 | 129 | | | | | | | |yellow birch--------| 55 | 29 | | | | | | | | | | | PsC: | | | | | | | | | | Potsdam, very bouldery--| 3R |Moderate|Slight |Slight |Slight | --- |American beech------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |eastern hemlock-----| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |eastern white pine--| 75 | 143 |  | | | | | | |northern red oak----| 70 | 57 |  | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 65 | 43 |  | | | | | | |white ash-----------| 75 | 43 | | | | | | | | | | |
Table 8.--Forestland Management and Productivity--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Management concerns | Potential productivity | | |____________________________________________|___________________________________| Map symbol and |Ordi- | | Equip- | | | | | | | soil name |nation|Erosion | ment |Seedling| Wind- | Plant | Common trees |Site | Volume |  |symbol| hazard |limita- |mortal- | throw |competi-| |index|of wood | | | | tion | ity | hazard | tion | | | fiber | _________________________|______|________|________|________|________|________|____________________|_____|________| | | | | | | | | |cu ft/ac| | | | | | | | | | | PsC: | | | | | | | | | | Crary, very bouldery----| 3R |Moderate|Moderate|Slight |Slight | --- |American beech------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |black ash-----------| 75 | 43 |  | | | | | | |eastern white pine--| 75 | 143 | | | | | | | |northern red oak----| 70 | 57 | | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 65 | 43 | | | | | | | |yellow birch--------| 70 | 43 | | | | | | | | | | | PvB: | | | | | | | | | | Pyrities----------------| 3A |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight | --- |American beech------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |northern red oak----| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 65 | 43 |  | | | | | | |white oak-----------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | | | | | PvC: | | | | | | | | | | Pyrities----------------| 3A |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight | --- |American beech------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |northern red oak----| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 65 | 43 |  | | | | | | |white oak-----------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | | | | | PxD: | | | | | | | | | | Pyrities, very stony----| 3R |Slight |Moderate|Slight |Slight | --- |American beech------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |northern red oak----| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 65 | 43 |  | | | | | | |white oak-----------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | | | | | PyB: | | | | | | | | | | Pyrities, rocky---------| 3A |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight | --- |American beech------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |northern red oak----| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 65 | 43 |  | | | | | | |white oak-----------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | | | | | PyC: | | | | | | | | | | Pyrities, rocky---------| 3A |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight | --- |American beech------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |northern red oak----| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 65 | 43 |  | | | | | | |white oak-----------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | | | | | PzC: | | | | | | | | | | Pyrities, very stony----| 3A |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight | --- |American beech------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |northern red oak----| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 65 | 43 |  | | | | | | |white oak-----------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | | | | |
Table 8.--Forestland Management and Productivity--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Management concerns | Potential productivity | | |____________________________________________|___________________________________| Map symbol and |Ordi- | | Equip- | | | | | | | soil name |nation|Erosion | ment |Seedling| Wind- | Plant | Common trees |Site | Volume |  |symbol| hazard |limita- |mortal- | throw |competi-| |index|of wood | | | | tion | ity | hazard | tion | | | fiber | _________________________|______|________|________|________|________|________|____________________|_____|________| | | | | | | | | |cu ft/ac| | | | | | | | | | | PzC: | | | | | | | | | | Kalurah, very stony-----| 4A |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight | --- |northern red oak----| 75 | 57 | | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 65 | --- |  | | | | | | |white oak-----------| 70 | --- |  | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | QwB: | | | | | | | | | | Quetico-----------------| 2D |Slight |Severe |Severe |Severe |Slight |eastern white pine--| 35 | 72 | | | | | | | |jack pine-----------| 35 | 29 | | | | | | | |paper birch---------| 40 | 43 | | | | | | | |quaking aspen-------| 35 | 29 | | | | | | | |red pine------------| 35 | 57 | | | | | | | | | | | Rock outcrop. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Insula------------------| 2D |Slight |Slight |Severe |Moderate| --- |northern red oak----| 47 | 29 | | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 56 | 29 |  | | | | | | | | | | RaA: | | | | | | | | | | Raquette----------------| 8A |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight | --- |eastern white pine--| --- | 114 | | | | | | | |northern red oak----| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | | | | | RaB: | | | | | | | | | | Raquette----------------| 8A |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight | --- |eastern white pine--| --- | 114 | | | | | | | |northern red oak----| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | | | | | RaC: | | | | | | | | | | Raquette----------------| 8A |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight | --- |eastern white pine--| --- | 114 | | | | | | | |northern red oak----| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | | | | | Rd: | | | | | | | | | | Redwater----------------| 3W |Slight |Moderate|Slight |Slight | --- |eastern cottonwood--| --- | --- | | | | | | | |quaking aspen-------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |red maple-----------| 70 | 43 |  | | | | | | | | | |
Table 8.--Forestland Management and Productivity--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Management concerns | Potential productivity | | |____________________________________________|___________________________________| Map symbol and |Ordi- | | Equip- | | | | | | | soil name |nation|Erosion | ment |Seedling| Wind- | Plant | Common trees |Site | Volume |  |symbol| hazard |limita- |mortal- | throw |competi-| |index|of wood | | | | tion | ity | hazard | tion | | | fiber | _________________________|______|________|________|________|________|________|____________________|_____|________| | | | | | | | | |cu ft/ac| | | | | | | | | | | RoA: | | | | | | | | | | Roundabout--------------| 9W |Slight |Severe |Moderate|Severe |Severe |balsam fir----------| 55 | 114 | | | | | | | |eastern white pine--| 70 | 129 |  | | | | | | |gray birch----------| --- | 129 |  | | | | | | |hemlock-------------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |red maple-----------| 55 | 29 | | | | | | | |red spruce----------| 45 | 100 | | | | | | | |tamarack------------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |white spruce--------| 55 | 129 | | | | | | | | | | | RoB: | | | | | | | | | | Roundabout--------------| 9W |Slight |Severe |Moderate|Severe |Severe |balsam fir----------| 55 | 114 | | | | | | | |eastern white pine--| 70 | 129 |  | | | | | | |gray birch----------| --- | 129 |  | | | | | | |hemlock-------------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |red maple-----------| 55 | 29 | | | | | | | |red spruce----------| 45 | 100 | | | | | | | |tamarack------------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |white spruce--------| 55 | 129 | | | | | | | | | | | Rt: | | | | | | | | | | Runeberg----------------| 5W |Slight |Severe |Severe |Severe |Severe |eastern arborvitae--| 45 | 72 | | | | | | | |red maple-----------| 65 | 43 |  | | | | | | |white ash-----------| --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | Ru: | | | | | | | | | | Runeberg, very stony----| 3W |Slight |Severe |Severe |Severe |Severe |eastern arborvitae--| 45 | 72 | | | | | | | |red maple-----------| 65 | 43 |  | | | | | | |white ash-----------| --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | SaB: | | | | | | | | | | Salmon------------------| 3A |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight | --- |black cherry--------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |eastern white pine--| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |northern red oak----| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 68 | 43 |  | | | | | | |white ash-----------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |white spruce--------| --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | |
Table 8.--Forestland Management and Productivity--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Management concerns | Potential productivity | | |____________________________________________|___________________________________| Map symbol and |Ordi- | | Equip- | | | | | | | soil name |nation|Erosion | ment |Seedling| Wind- | Plant | Common trees |Site | Volume |  |symbol| hazard |limita- |mortal- | throw |competi-| |index|of wood | | | | tion | ity | hazard | tion | | | fiber | _________________________|______|________|________|________|________|________|____________________|_____|________| | | | | | | | | |cu ft/ac| | | | | | | | | | | SaC: | | | | | | | | | | Salmon, rolling---------| 3R |Moderate|Slight |Slight |Slight | --- |black cherry--------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |eastern white pine--| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |northern red oak----| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 68 | 43 |  | | | | | | |white ash-----------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |white spruce--------| --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | Se: | | | | | | | | | | Searsport---------------| 6W |Slight |Severe |Severe |Severe |Severe |European larch------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |balsam fir----------| 53 | 100 |  | | | | | | |black spruce--------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |eastern arborvitae--| 45 | 72 | | | | | | | |eastern white pine--| 55 | 86 | | | | | | | |red maple-----------| 55 | 29 | | | | | | | |tamarack------------| --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | Sg: | | | | | | | | | | Stockholm---------------| 3W |Slight |Moderate|Moderate|Moderate| --- |eastern hemlock-----| 60 | --- | | | | | | | |eastern white pine--| 65 | 114 |  | | | | | | |red maple-----------| 75 | 43 |  | | | | | | | | | | ShB: | | | | | | | | | | Summerville-------------| 2D |Slight |Moderate|Moderate|Severe |Slight |American beech------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |balsam fir----------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |basswood------------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |eastern arborvitae--| --- | --- | | | | | | | |eastern white pine--| 48 | 86 | | | | | | | |paper birch---------| 53 | 57 | | | | | | | |quaking aspen-------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |red pine------------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 57 | 29 | | | | | | | | | | | SkB: | | | | | | | | | | Summerville, rocky------| 2D |Slight |Moderate|Moderate|Severe |Slight |American beech------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |balsam fir----------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |basswood------------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |eastern arborvitae--| --- | --- | | | | | | | |eastern white pine--| 48 | 86 | | | | | | | |paper birch---------| 53 | 57 | | | | | | | |quaking aspen-------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |red pine------------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 57 | 29 | | | | | | | | | | |
Table 8.--Forestland Management and Productivity--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Management concerns | Potential productivity | | |____________________________________________|___________________________________| Map symbol and |Ordi- | | Equip- | | | | | | | soil name |nation|Erosion | ment |Seedling| Wind- | Plant | Common trees |Site | Volume |  |symbol| hazard |limita- |mortal- | throw |competi-| |index|of wood | | | | tion | ity | hazard | tion | | | fiber | _________________________|______|________|________|________|________|________|____________________|_____|________| | | | | | | | | |cu ft/ac| | | | | | | | | | | SkB: | | | | | | | | | | Gouverneur--------------| 2D |Slight |Slight |Severe |Severe |Slight |basswood------------| 40 | 29 | | | | | | | |northern red oak----| 30 | 29 |  | | | | | | |quaking aspen-------| 40 | 29 |  | | | | | | |red maple-----------| 30 | 29 | | | | | | | | | | | SlD: | | | | | | | | | | Summerville, hilly------| 2R |Moderate|Moderate|Moderate|Severe |Slight |American beech------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |balsam fir----------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |basswood------------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |eastern arborvitae--| --- | --- | | | | | | | |eastern white pine--| 48 | 86 | | | | | | | |paper birch---------| 53 | 57 | | | | | | | |quaking aspen-------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |red pine------------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 57 | 29 | | | | | | | | | | | Rock outcrop. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | SmC: | | | | | | | | | | Summerville, rolling----| 2D |Slight |Moderate|Moderate|Severe |Slight |American beech------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |balsam fir----------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |basswood------------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |eastern arborvitae--| --- | --- | | | | | | | |eastern white pine--| 48 | 86 | | | | | | | |paper birch---------| 53 | 57 | | | | | | | |quaking aspen-------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |red pine------------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 57 | 29 | | | | | | | | | | | Rock outcrop. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Nehasne, rolling--------| 3A |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight | --- |northern red oak----| 70 | 57 | | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 65 | 43 |  | | | | | | |white ash-----------| 75 | 43 |  | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | SpB: | | | | | | | | | | Sunapee-----------------| 3A |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Moderate|balsam fir----------| 55 | 114 | | | | | | | |eastern white pine--| 72 | 129 |  | | | | | | |northern red oak----| 70 | 57 |  | | | | | | |red spruce----------| 45 | 100 |  | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 67 | 43 | | | | | | | |white spruce--------| 55 | 129 | | | | | | | | | | |
Table 8.--Forestland Management and Productivity--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Management concerns | Potential productivity | | |____________________________________________|___________________________________| Map symbol and |Ordi- | | Equip- | | | | | | | soil name |nation|Erosion | ment |Seedling| Wind- | Plant | Common trees |Site | Volume |  |symbol| hazard |limita- |mortal- | throw |competi-| |index|of wood | | | | tion | ity | hazard | tion | | | fiber | _________________________|______|________|________|________|________|________|____________________|_____|________| | | | | | | | | |cu ft/ac| | | | | | | | | | | SsB: | | | | | | | | | | Sunapee, very bouldery--| 3A |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Moderate|balsam fir----------| 55 | 114 | | | | | | | |eastern white pine--| 72 | 129 |  | | | | | | |northern red oak----| 70 | 57 |  | | | | | | |red spruce----------| 45 | 100 |  | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 67 | 43 | | | | | | | |white spruce--------| 55 | 129 | | | | | | | | | | | Berkshire, very | | | | | | | | | | bouldery---------------| 9A |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight | --- |balsam fir----------| 60 | 114 | | | | | | | |eastern white pine--| 72 | 129 |  | | | | | | |paper birch---------| 60 | 57 |  | | | | | | |red pine------------| 65 | 114 | | | | | | | |red spruce----------| 50 | 114 | | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 52 | 29 | | | | | | | |white ash-----------| 62 | 43 | | | | | | | |white spruce--------| 55 | 129 | | | | | | | |yellow birch--------| 55 | 29 | | | | | | | | | | | Sw: | | | | | | | | | | Swanton-----------------| 7W |Slight |Severe |Severe |Severe |Severe |balsam fir----------| 45 | 86 | | | | | | | |eastern white pine--| 60 | 100 |  | | | | | | |red maple-----------| 55 | 29 | | | | | | | |red spruce----------| 50 | 114 | | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 55 | 29 | | | | | | | |white spruce--------| 45 | 100 | | | | | | | | | | | TdA: | | | | | | | | | | Trout River-------------| 8S |Slight |Slight |Severe |Slight | --- |eastern white pine--| 62 | 114 | | | | | | | |red pine------------| 52 | 86 |  | | | | | | |red spruce----------| 39 | 86 | | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 61 | 43 | | | | | | | | | | | TdB: | | | | | | | | | | Trout River-------------| 8S |Slight |Slight |Severe |Slight | --- |eastern white pine--| 62 | 114 | | | | | | | |red pine------------| 52 | 86 |  | | | | | | |red spruce----------| 39 | 86 | | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 61 | 43 | | | | | | | | | | | TfB: | | | | | | | | | | Trout River, very stony-| 3S |Slight |Slight |Severe |Slight | --- |eastern white pine--| 62 | 114 | | | | | | | |red pine------------| 52 | 86 |  | | | | | | |red spruce----------| 39 | 86 | | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 61 | 43 | | | | | | | | | | |
Table 8.--Forestland Management and Productivity--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Management concerns | Potential productivity  | |____________________________________________|___________________________________ Map symbol and |Ordi- | | Equip- | | | | | |  soil name |nation|Erosion | ment |Seedling| Wind- | Plant | Common trees |Site | Volume  |symbol| hazard |limita- |mortal- | throw |competi-| |index|of wood  | | | tion | ity | hazard | tion | | | fiber _________________________|______|________|________|________|________|________|____________________|_____|________ | | | | | | | | |cu ft/ac | | | | | | | | | TfB: | | | | | | | | |  Fahey, very stony-------| 8A |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |eastern white pine--| 65 | 114  | | | | | | |northern red oak----| 60 | 43  | | | | | | |red pine------------| 65 | 114  | | | | | | |red spruce----------| 45 | 100  | | | | | | | | | TuD: | | | | | | | | |  Tunbridge---------------| 3R |Moderate|Moderate|Slight |Moderate|Slight |balsam fir----------| --- | ---  | | | | | | |eastern white pine--| 65 | 114  | | | | | | |northern red oak----| 68 | 57  | | | | | | |paper birch---------| 78 | 43  | | | | | | |red maple-----------| --- | ---  | | | | | | |red spruce----------| 45 | 100  | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 60 | 43  | | | | | | |white ash-----------| 65 | 43  | | | | | | |white spruce--------| 55 | 129  | | | | | | |yellow birch--------| 60 | 43  | | | | | | | | |  Lyman-------------------| 2D |Moderate|Moderate|Moderate|Severe |Moderate|American beech------| --- | ---  | | | | | | |balsam fir----------| 48 | 114  | | | | | | |eastern hemlock-----| --- | ---  | | | | | | |eastern white pine--| 56 | 100  | | | | | | |northern red oak----| 54 | 43  | | | | | | |paper birch---------| --- | ---  | | | | | | |red spruce----------| 42 | 86  | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| --- | ---  | | | | | | |white spruce--------| 55 | 129  | | | | | | | | | TwC: | | | | | | | | |  Tunbridge, rolling------| 3A |Slight |Slight |Slight |Moderate|Slight |balsam fir----------| --- | ---  | | | | | | |eastern white pine--| 65 | 114  | | | | | | |northern red oak----| 68 | 57  | | | | | | |paper birch---------| 78 | 43  | | | | | | |red maple-----------| --- | ---  | | | | | | |red spruce----------| 45 | 100  | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| 60 | 43  | | | | | | |white ash-----------| 65 | 43  | | | | | | |white spruce--------| 55 | 129  | | | | | | |yellow birch--------| 60 | 43  | | | | | | | | | 
Table 8.--Forestland Management and Productivity--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Management concerns | Potential productivity | | |____________________________________________|___________________________________| Map symbol and |Ordi- | | Equip- | | | | | | | soil name |nation|Erosion | ment |Seedling| Wind- | Plant | Common trees |Site | Volume |  |symbol| hazard |limita- |mortal- | throw |competi-| |index|of wood | | | | tion | ity | hazard | tion | | | fiber | _________________________|______|________|________|________|________|________|____________________|_____|________| | | | | | | | | |cu ft/ac| | | | | | | | | | | TwC: | | | | | | | | | | Lyman, rolling----------| 2D |Slight |Slight |Moderate|Severe |Moderate|American beech------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |balsam fir----------| 48 | 114 |  | | | | | | |eastern hemlock-----| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |eastern white pine--| 56 | 100 |  | | | | | | |northern red oak----| 54 | 43 | | | | | | | |paper birch---------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |red spruce----------| 42 | 86 | | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |white spruce--------| 55 | 129 | | | | | | | | | | | Dawson------------------| 2W |Slight |Severe |Severe |Severe |Severe |black spruce--------| 15 | 29 |  | | | | | | |tamarack------------| --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | Ua: | | | | | | | | | | Udipsamments, smoothed. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Ue: | | | | | | | | | | Udorthents, loamy. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Uf: | | | | | | | | | | Udorthents, clayey. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Ug: | | | | | | | | | | Udorthents, mine waste, | | | | | | | | | | acid. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Uh: | | | | | | | | | | Udorthents, mine waste, | | | | | | | | | | nonacid. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Un: | | | | | | | | | | Udorthents, refuse | | | | | | | | | | substratum. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Ur: | | | | | | | | | | Urban land. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | W: | | | | | | | | | | Water. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Table 8.--Forestland Management and Productivity--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Management concerns | Potential productivity | | |____________________________________________|___________________________________| Map symbol and |Ordi- | | Equip- | | | | | | | soil name |nation|Erosion | ment |Seedling| Wind- | Plant | Common trees |Site | Volume |  |symbol| hazard |limita- |mortal- | throw |competi-| |index|of wood | | | | tion | ity | hazard | tion | | | fiber | _________________________|______|________|________|________|________|________|____________________|_____|________| | | | | | | | | |cu ft/ac| | | | | | | | | | | WaA: | | | | | | | | | | Waddington--------------| 3F |Slight |Slight |Moderate|Slight | --- |American basswood---| --- | --- | | | | | | | |American beech------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |northern red oak----| 60 | 43 |  | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | WaB: | | | | | | | | | | Waddington--------------| 3F |Slight |Slight |Moderate|Slight | --- |American basswood---| --- | --- | | | | | | | |American beech------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |northern red oak----| 60 | 43 |  | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | WaC: | | | | | | | | | | Waddington, rolling-----| 3F |Slight |Slight |Moderate|Slight | --- |American basswood---| --- | --- | | | | | | | |American beech------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |northern red oak----| 60 | 43 |  | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | WaD: | | | | | | | | | | Waddington--------------| 3F |Slight |Moderate|Moderate|Slight | --- |American basswood---| --- | --- | | | | | | | |American beech------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |northern red oak----| 60 | 43 |  | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | WdB: | | | | | | | | | | Waddington, very cobbly | | | | | | | | | | sandy loam-------------| 3F |Slight |Slight |Moderate|Slight | --- |American basswood---| --- | --- | | | | | | | |American beech------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |northern red oak----| 60 | 43 |  | | | | | | |sugar maple---------| --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | Wg: | | | | | | | | | | Wegatchie---------------| 2W |Slight |Severe |Severe |Severe | --- |American elm--------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |quaking aspen-------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |red maple-----------| 50 | 29 | | | | | | | |white ash-----------| --- | --- | _________________________|______|________|________|________|________|________|____________________|_____|________|
St. Lawrence County, New York 381

Table 9.--Recreational Development

(The information in this table indicates the dominant soil condition but does not eliminate the need

 for onsite investigation. See text for definitions of terms used in this table. Absence of an

 entry indicates that no rating is applicable.)

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Camp areas | Picnic areas | Playgrounds | Paths and | Golf fairways

 and soil name | | | | trails |

________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________

 | | | | |

021: | | | | |

 Dawson-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | excess humus | excess humus | excess humus | excess humus | excess humus

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding

 | | | | |

 Fluvaquents------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | flooding | ponding | flooding | ponding | flooding

 | ponding | | ponding | | ponding

 | | | | | droughty

 | | | | |

 Loxley-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | excess humus | excess humus | excess humus | excess humus | excess humus

 | too acid | too acid | too acid | ponding | too acid

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | | ponding

 | | | | |

023: | | | | |

 Loxley-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | excess humus | excess humus | excess humus | excess humus | excess humus

 | too acid | too acid | too acid | ponding | too acid

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | | ponding

 | | | | |

 Dawson-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | excess humus | excess humus | excess humus | excess humus | excess humus

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding

 | | | | |

363A: | | | | |

 Adams------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | too sandy | too sandy | too sandy | too sandy | droughty

 | | | | |

363B: | | | | |

 Adams------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | too sandy | too sandy | slope | too sandy | droughty

 | | | too sandy | |

 | | | | |

363D: | | | | |

 Adams------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | too sandy | too sandy | too sandy | too sandy | droughty

 | | | | |

365: | | | | |

 Naumburg---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | | | | |

 Croghan----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | droughty

 | | | | |

376A: | | | | |

 Colton-----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight |Severe:

 | small stones | small stones | small stones | | small stones

 | | | | | droughty

 | | | | |

 Duxbury----------------|Slight |Slight |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight

 | | | small stones | erodes easily |

 | | | | |

 Adams------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | too sandy | too sandy | too sandy | too sandy | droughty

 | | | | |
382 Soil Survey

Table 9.--Recreational Development--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Camp areas | Picnic areas | Playgrounds | Paths and | Golf fairways

 and soil name | | | | trails |

________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________

 | | | | |

376C: | | | | |

 Colton-----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | | small stones

 | small stones | small stones | small stones | | droughty

 | | | | |

 Duxbury----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | slope | slope | slope | erodes easily | slope

 | | | | |

 Adams------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | too sandy | too sandy | slope | too sandy | droughty

 | | | too sandy | |

 | | | | |

376D: | | | | |

 Colton-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | | | small stones | | small stones

 | | | | | droughty

 | | | | |

 Duxbury----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | erodes easily | slope

 | | | | slope |

 | | | | |

 Adams------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | too sandy | too sandy | too sandy | too sandy | droughty

 | | | | |

380B: | | | | |

 Colton-----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | | small stones

 | small stones | small stones | small stones | | droughty

 | | | | |

 Duxbury----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | slope | slope | slope | erodes easily | slope

 | | | | |

 Dawson-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | excess humus | excess humus | excess humus | excess humus | excess humus

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding

 | | | | |

380D: | | | | |

 Colton-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | | | small stones | | small stones

 | | | | | droughty

 | | | | |

 Duxbury----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | erodes easily | slope

 | | | | slope |

 | | | | |

 Dawson-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | excess humus | excess humus | excess humus | excess humus | excess humus

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding

 | | | | |

643C: | | | | |

 Berkshire, very | | | | |

 bouldery--------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight |Moderate:

 | slope | slope | large stones | | small stones

 | small stones | small stones | slope | |

 | | | small stones | |

643D: | | | | |

 Berkshire, very | | | | |

 bouldery--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | large stones | slope | slope

 | | | slope | |

 | | | small stones | |

 | | | | |
St. Lawrence County, New York 383

Table 9.--Recreational Development--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Camp areas | Picnic areas | Playgrounds | Paths and | Golf fairways

 and soil name | | | | trails |

________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________

 | | | | |

644C: | | | | |

 Berkshire, rolling, | | | | |

 very bouldery---------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight |Moderate:

 | slope | slope | large stones | | small stones

 | small stones | small stones | slope | |

 | | | small stones | |

 | | | | |

 Lyme, very bouldery----|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness | large stones | large stones | wetness | wetness

 | | wetness | wetness | |

 | | | | |

644D: | | | | |

 Berkshire, hilly, very | | | | |

 bouldery--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | large stones | slope | slope

 | | | slope | |

 | | | small stones | |

 | | | | |

 Lyme, very bouldery----|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness | large stones | large stones | wetness | wetness

 | | wetness | wetness | |

 | | | | |

709B: | | | | |

 Adirondack, very | | | | |

 bouldery--------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | wetness | large stones | large stones | erodes easily | large stones

 | too acid | wetness | small stones | | small stones

 | | | | | wetness

 | | | | |

 Tughill, very bouldery-|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding | ponding | large stones | ponding | ponding

 | | | small stones | |

 | | | ponding | |

 | | | | |

 Lyme, very bouldery----|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness | large stones | large stones | wetness | wetness

 | | wetness | wetness | |

 | | | | |

741C: | | | | |

 Potsdam, very bouldery-|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | large stones | large stones | large stones | erodes easily | large stones

 | slope | slope | slope | | slope

 | wetness | wetness | | |

 | | | | |

 Tunbridge, very | | | | |

 bouldery--------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight |Moderate:

 | large stones | large stones | large stones | | large stones

 | slope | slope | slope | | slope

 | | | small stones | | small stones

 | | | | |

 Crary, very bouldery---|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | wetness | large stones | large stones | erodes easily | large stones

 | | slope | slope | | slope

 | | wetness | wetness | | wetness

 | | | | |

741D: | | | | |

 Potsdam, very bouldery-|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | large stones | erodes easily | slope

 | | | slope | slope |

 | | | | |
384 Soil Survey

Table 9.--Recreational Development--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Camp areas | Picnic areas | Playgrounds | Paths and | Golf fairways

 and soil name | | | | trails |

________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________

 | | | | |

741D: | | | | |

 Tunbridge, very | | | | |

 bouldery--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | large stones | slope | slope

 | | | slope | |

 | | | small stones | |

 | | | | |

743C: | | | | |

 Potsdam, very bouldery-|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | large stones | large stones | large stones | erodes easily | large stones

 | slope | slope | slope | | slope

 | wetness | wetness | | |

 | | | | |

743D: | | | | |

 Potsdam, very bouldery-|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | large stones | erodes easily | slope

 | | | slope | slope |

 | | | | |

745C: | | | | |

 Crary, very bouldery---|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | wetness | large stones | large stones | erodes easily | large stones

 | | slope | slope | | slope

 | | wetness | wetness | | wetness

 | | | | |

 Potsdam, very bouldery-|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | large stones | large stones | large stones | erodes easily | large stones

 | slope | slope | slope | | slope

 | wetness | wetness | | |

 | | | | |

747B: | | | | |

 Crary, very bouldery---|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | wetness | large stones | large stones | erodes easily | large stones

 | | wetness | wetness | | wetness

 | | | | |

 Adirondack, very | | | | |

 bouldery--------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | wetness | large stones | large stones | erodes easily | large stones

 | too acid | wetness | small stones | | small stones

 | | | | | wetness

 | | | | |

807: | | | | |

 Udorthents, mine | | | | |

 waste----------------|Unranked |Unranked |Unranked |Unranked |Unranked

 | | | | |

831C: | | | | |

 Tunbridge, very | | | | |

 bouldery--------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight |Moderate:

 | large stones | large stones | large stones | | large stones

 | slope | slope | slope | | slope

 | | | small stones | | small stones

 | | | | |

 Lyman, very bouldery---|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Slight |Severe:

 | depth to rock | depth to rock | large stones | | depth to rock

 | | | slope | |

 | | | depth to rock | |

 | | | | |

831D: | | | | |

 Tunbridge, very | | | | |

 bouldery--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | large stones | slope | slope

 | | | slope | |

 | | | small stones | |

 | | | | |
St. Lawrence County, New York 385

Table 9.--Recreational Development--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Camp areas | Picnic areas | Playgrounds | Paths and | Golf fairways

 and soil name | | | | trails |

________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________

 | | | | |

831D: | | | | |

 Lyman, very bouldery---|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | large stones | slope | slope

 | depth to rock | depth to rock | slope | | depth to rock

 | | | depth to rock | |

 | | | | |

831F: | | | | |

 Tunbridge, very | | | | |

 bouldery--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | large stones | slope | slope

 | | | slope | |

 | | | small stones | |

 | | | | |

 Lyman, very bouldery---|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | large stones | slope | slope

 | depth to rock | depth to rock | slope | | depth to rock

 | | | depth to rock | |

 | | | | |

833C: | | | | |

 Tunbridge, very | | | | |

 bouldery--------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight |Moderate:

 | large stones | large stones | large stones | | large stones

 | slope | slope | slope | | slope

 | | | small stones | | small stones

 | | | | |

 Adirondack, very | | | | |

 bouldery--------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | wetness | large stones | large stones | erodes easily | large stones

 | too acid | wetness | small stones | | small stones

 | | | | | wetness

 | | | | |

 Lyman, very bouldery---|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Slight |Severe:

 | depth to rock | depth to rock | large stones | | depth to rock

 | | | slope | |

 | | | depth to rock | |

 | | | | |

835C: | | | | |

 Tunbridge, very | | | | |

 bouldery--------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight |Moderate:

 | large stones | large stones | large stones | | large stones

 | slope | slope | slope | | slope

 | | | small stones | | small stones

 | | | | |

 Borosaprists-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | excess humus | excess humus | excess humus | excess humus | excess humus

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding

 | | | | |

 Ricker, very bouldery--|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | excess humus | excess humus | excess humus | excess humus | excess humus

 | depth to rock | depth to rock | slope | fragile | thin layer

 | | | depth to rock | |

 | | | | |

861C: | | | | |

 Lyman------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Slight |Severe:

 | depth to rock | depth to rock | large stones | | depth to rock

 | | | slope | |

 | | | depth to rock | |

 | | | | |

 Ricker, very bouldery--|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | excess humus | excess humus | excess humus | excess humus | excess humus

 | depth to rock | depth to rock | slope | fragile | thin layer

 | | | depth to rock | |

 | | | | |
386 Soil Survey

Table 9.--Recreational Development--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Camp areas | Picnic areas | Playgrounds | Paths and | Golf fairways

 and soil name | | | | trails |

________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________

 | | | | |

861C: | | | | |

 Rock outcrop, very | | | | |

 bouldery--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Slight |Severe:

 | depth to rock | depth to rock | slope | | depth to rock

 | | | depth to rock | |

 | | | | |

861D: | | | | |

 Lyman, very bouldery---|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | large stones | slope | slope

 | depth to rock | depth to rock | slope | | depth to rock

 | | | depth to rock | |

 | | | | |

 Ricker, very bouldery--|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | excess humus | excess humus | excess humus | excess humus | excess humus

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | fragile | thin layer

 | | | | |

 Rock outcrop-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | | depth to rock

 | | | | |

861F: | | | | |

 Lyman, very bouldery---|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | large stones | slope | slope

 | depth to rock | depth to rock | slope | | depth to rock

 | | | depth to rock | |

 | | | | |

 Ricker, very bouldery--|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | excess humus | excess humus | excess humus | excess humus | excess humus

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | fragile | thin layer

 | | | | |

 Rock outcrop-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | | depth to rock

 | | | | |

891F: | | | | |

 Rock outcrop-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | | depth to rock

 | | | | |

 Ricker, very bouldery--|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | excess humus | excess humus | excess humus | excess humus | excess humus

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | fragile | thin layer

 | | | | |

 Lyman, very bouldery---|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | large stones | slope | slope

 | depth to rock | depth to rock | slope | | depth to rock

 | | | depth to rock | |

 | | | | |

AaB: | | | | |

 Adams, sand------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | too sandy | too sandy | too sandy | too sandy | droughty

 | | | | |

AaC: | | | | |

 Adams, sand------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | too sandy | too sandy | slope | too sandy | droughty

 | | | too sandy | |

 | | | | |

AaD: | | | | |

 Adams, sand------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | too sandy | too sandy | too sandy | too sandy | droughty

 | | | | |
St. Lawrence County, New York 387

Table 9.--Recreational Development--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Camp areas | Picnic areas | Playgrounds | Paths and | Golf fairways

 and soil name | | | | trails |

________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________

 | | | | |

AdB: | | | | |

 Adams, loamy fine sand-|Slight |Slight |Moderate: |Slight |Severe:

 | | | slope | | droughty

 | | | | |

AdC: | | | | |

 Adams, loamy fine sand-|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | | droughty

 | | | | |

Ak: | | | | |

 Adjidaumo, silty clay--|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | percs slowly | percs slowly | percs slowly | too clayey | too clayey

 | too clayey | too clayey | too clayey | wetness | wetness

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | |

 | | | | |

Am: | | | | |

 Adjidaumo, mucky silty | | | | |

 clay------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | percs slowly | percs slowly | percs slowly | ponding | ponding

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | |

 | | | | |

Ao: | | | | |

 Adjidaumo, flooded-----|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | flooding | percs slowly | flooding | too clayey | flooding

 | percs slowly | too clayey | too clayey | ponding | too clayey

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | | ponding

 | | | | |

Ap: | | | | |

 Adjidaumo, silty clay, | | | | |

 rocky-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | percs slowly | percs slowly | percs slowly | too clayey | too clayey

 | too clayey | too clayey | too clayey | wetness | wetness

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | |

 | | | | |

ArC: | | | | |

 Adjidaumo--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | percs slowly | percs slowly | percs slowly | too clayey | too clayey

 | too clayey | too clayey | too clayey | wetness | wetness

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | |

 | | | | |

 Summerville------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Slight |Severe:

 | depth to rock | depth to rock | slope | | depth to rock

 | | | depth to rock | |

 | | | | |

BeB: | | | | |

 Berkshire--------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight |Moderate:

 | small stones | small stones | small stones | | large stones

 | | | | | small stones

 | | | | |

BgC: | | | | |

 Berkshire, very | | | | |

 bouldery--------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight |Moderate:

 | slope | slope | large stones | | small stones

 | small stones | small stones | slope | |

 | | | small stones | |

 | | | | |

 Lyme, very bouldery----|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness | large stones | large stones | wetness | wetness

 | | wetness | wetness | |

 | | | | |
388 Soil Survey

Table 9.--Recreational Development--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Camp areas | Picnic areas | Playgrounds | Paths and | Golf fairways

 and soil name | | | | trails |

________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________

 | | | | |

BkC: | | | | |

 Berkshire, very | | | | |

 bouldery--------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight |Moderate:

 | slope | slope | large stones | | small stones

 | small stones | small stones | slope | |

 | | | small stones | |

 | | | | |

 Sunapee, very bouldery-|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | large stones | large stones | large stones | large stones | large stones

 | slope | slope | slope | wetness | small stones

 | wetness | wetness | | | wetness

 | | | | |

Bo: | | | | |

 Borosaprists-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | excess humus | excess humus | excess humus | excess humus | excess humus

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding

 | | | | |

 Fluvaquents------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | flooding | ponding | flooding | ponding | flooding

 | ponding | | ponding | | ponding

 | | | | | droughty

 | | | | |

Ce: | | | | |

 Carbondale, undrained--|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | excess humus | excess humus | excess humus | excess humus | excess humus

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding

 | | | | |

CgB: | | | | |

 Colton-----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight |Severe:

 | small stones | small stones | small stones | | small stones

 | | | | | droughty

 | | | | |

 Duxbury----------------|Slight |Slight |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight

 | | | slope | erodes easily |

 | | | small stones | |

 | | | | |

CgC: | | | | |

 Colton-----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | | small stones

 | small stones | small stones | small stones | | droughty

 | | | | |

 Duxbury----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | slope | slope | slope | erodes easily | slope

 | | | | |

CgD: | | | | |

 Colton-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | | | small stones | | small stones

 | | | | | droughty

 | | | | |

 Duxbury----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | erodes easily | slope

 | | | | slope |

 | | | | |

Ck: | | | | |

 Cook-------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | | | | |

Cn: | | | | |

 Cornish----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | flooding | wetness | flooding | wetness | flooding

 | wetness | | wetness | | wetness

 | | | | |
St. Lawrence County, New York 389

Table 9.--Recreational Development--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Camp areas | Picnic areas | Playgrounds | Paths and | Golf fairways

 and soil name | | | | trails |

________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________

 | | | | |

Cp: | | | | |

 Coveytown--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | | | | | droughty

 | | | | |

Cr: | | | | |

 Coveytown--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | | | | | droughty

 | | | | |

 Cook, very stony-------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness | wetness | large stones | wetness | wetness

 | | | small stones | |

 | | | wetness | |

 | | | | |

CsB: | | | | |

 Crary------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | | | | |

CtB: | | | | |

 Crary, very bouldery---|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | wetness | large stones | large stones | erodes easily | large stones

 | | wetness | wetness | | wetness

 | | | | |

 Potsdam, very bouldery-|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | large stones | large stones | large stones | erodes easily | large stones

 | wetness | wetness | | |

 | | | | |

CuB: | | | | |

 Croghan, sand----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | too sandy | too sandy | too sandy | too sandy | droughty

 | | | | |

CvA: | | | | |

 Croghan, loamy fine | | | | |

 sand------------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | droughty

 | | | | |

CvB: | | | | |

 Croghan, loamy fine | | | | |

 sand------------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe:

 | wetness | wetness | slope | wetness | droughty

 | | | wetness | |

 | | | | |

Da: | | | | |

 Dawson-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | excess humus | excess humus | excess humus | excess humus | excess humus

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding

 | | | | |

DAM: | | | | |

 Large dams. | | | | |

 | | | | |

Dd: | | | | |

 Deford, | | | | |

 loamy fine sand-------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding

 | | | | | droughty

 | | | | |

Df: | | | | |

 Deford, mucky loamy | | | | |

 fine sand-------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding

 | | | | | droughty

 | | | | |
390 Soil Survey

Table 9.--Recreational Development--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Camp areas | Picnic areas | Playgrounds | Paths and | Golf fairways

 and soil name | | | | trails |

________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________

 | | | | |

DpA: | | | | |

 Depeyster--------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | erodes easily | wetness

 | | | | |

DpB: | | | | |

 Depeyster--------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | wetness | wetness | slope | erodes easily | wetness

 | | | wetness | |

 | | | | |

DpC: | | | | |

 Depeyster--------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | slope | slope | slope | erodes easily | slope

 | wetness | wetness | | | wetness

 | | | | |

Dr: | | | | |

 Dorval-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | excess humus | excess humus | excess humus | excess humus | excess humus

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding

 | | | | |

Du: | | | | |

 Dune land--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | too sandy | slope

 | too sandy | too sandy | too sandy | | droughty

 | | | | |

EeB: | | | | |

 Eelweir----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | wetness | wetness | slope | wetness | wetness

 | | | wetness | |

 | | | | |

EmA: | | | | |

 Elmwood----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | percs slowly | percs slowly | percs slowly | wetness | wetness

 | | | | |

EmB: | | | | |

 Elmwood----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | percs slowly | percs slowly | percs slowly | wetness | wetness

 | | | | |

Fa: | | | | |

 Fahey------------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: | --- |Severe:

 | small stones | small stones | small stones | | droughty

 | too sandy | too sandy | | |

 | | | | |

FkA: | | | | |

 Flackville-------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | percs slowly | percs slowly | percs slowly | wetness | wetness

 | | | | | droughty

 | | | | |

FkB: | | | | |

 Flackville-------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | percs slowly | percs slowly | percs slowly | wetness | wetness

 | | | | | droughty

 | | | | |

Fu: | | | | |

 Fluvaquents, | | | | |

 frequently flooded----|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | flooding | ponding | flooding | ponding | flooding

 | ponding | | ponding | | ponding

 | | | | | droughty

 | | | | |

 Udifluvents, | | | | |

 frequently flooded----|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:

 | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding

 | | wetness | | wetness | droughty

 | | | | |
St. Lawrence County, New York 391

Table 9.--Recreational Development--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Camp areas | Picnic areas | Playgrounds | Paths and | Golf fairways

 and soil name | | | | trails |

________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________

 | | | | |

GrB: | | | | |

 Grenville--------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight |Moderate:

 | percs slowly | percs slowly | slope | | droughty

 | | | small stones | |

 | | | | |

GrC: | | | | |

 Grenville--------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight |Moderate:

 | percs slowly | percs slowly | slope | | slope

 | slope | slope | | | droughty

 | | | | |

GsD: | | | | |

 Grenville, very stony--|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | large stones | slope | slope

 | | | slope | |

 | | | small stones | |

 | | | | |

Gu: | | | | |

 Guff-------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | percs slowly | percs slowly | percs slowly | ponding | ponding

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | |

 | | | | |

HaA: | | | | |

 Hailesboro-------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | | | | |

HaB: | | | | |

 Hailesboro-------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | | | | |

Hc: | | | | |

 Hannawa----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | | depth to rock

 | | | | |

HeB: | | | | |

 Heuvelton--------------|Moderate: |Moderate |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate

 | wetness | | slope | erodes easily |

 | | | small stones | |

 | | | | |

HeC: | | | | |

 Heuvelton, rolling-----|Moderate: |Moderate |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate

 | slope | | slope | erodes easily |

 | wetness | | | |

 | | | | |

HkE: | | | | |

 Heuvelton--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | erodes easily | slope

 | | | | slope |

 | | | | |

 Depeyster--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | erodes easily | slope

 | | | | slope |

 | | | | |

HnA: | | | | |

 Hogansburg-------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | wetness | wetness | small stones | wetness | wetness

 | | | | |

HnB: | | | | |

 Hogansburg-------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | wetness | wetness | slope | wetness | wetness

 | | | small stones | |

 | | | | |
392 Soil Survey

Table 9.--Recreational Development--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Camp areas | Picnic areas | Playgrounds | Paths and | Golf fairways

 and soil name | | | | trails |

________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________

 | | | | |

HrB: | | | | |

 Hogansburg, very stony-|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:

 | large stones | large stones | large stones | wetness | small stones

 | | | small stones | |

 | | | | |

 Grenville, very stony--|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight |Moderate:

 | large stones | large stones | large stones | | large stones

 | small stones | small stones | small stones | | small stones

 | | | | |

IaB: | | | | |

 Insula-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Slight |Severe:

 | depth to rock | depth to rock | small stones | | depth to rock

 | | | depth to rock | |

 | | | | |

InB: | | | | |

 Insula-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Slight |Severe:

 | depth to rock | depth to rock | small stones | | depth to rock

 | | | depth to rock | |

 | | | | |

IrC: | | | | |

 Insula, rolling--------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Slight |Severe:

 | depth to rock | depth to rock | large stones | | depth to rock

 | | | small stones | |

 | | | depth to rock | |

 | | | | |

 Rock outcrop-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Slight |Severe:

 | depth to rock | depth to rock | slope | | depth to rock

 | | | depth to rock | |

 | | | | |

IrD: | | | | |

 Insula, hilly----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Slight |Severe:

 | depth to rock | depth to rock | large stones | | depth to rock

 | | | small stones | |

 | | | depth to rock | |

 | | | | |

 Rock outcrop-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | | depth to rock

 | | | | |

KaA: | | | | |

 Kalurah----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | wetness | wetness | small stones | wetness | wetness

 | | | wetness | |

 | | | | |

KaB: | | | | |

 Kalurah----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | wetness | wetness | slope | wetness | wetness

 | | | small stones | |

 | | | | |

KbB: | | | | |

 Kalurah, very stony----|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | large stones | large stones | large stones | wetness | large stones

 | small stones | wetness | small stones | | small stones

 | | | | | wetness

 | | | | |

 Pyrities, very stony---|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight |Moderate:

 | large stones | large stones | large stones | | large stones

 | | | small stones | | small stones

 | | | | |

Lc: | | | | |

 Lovewell---------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | flooding | wetness | flooding | wetness | flooding

 | | | wetness | | wetness

 | | | | |
St. Lawrence County, New York 393

Table 9.--Recreational Development--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Camp areas | Picnic areas | Playgrounds | Paths and | Golf fairways

 and soil name | | | | trails |

________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________

 | | | | |

Ld: | | | | |

 Loxley-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | excess humus | excess humus | excess humus | excess humus | excess humus

 | too acid | too acid | too acid | ponding | too acid

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | | ponding

 | | | | |

LeC: | | | | |

 Lyman------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Slight |Severe:

 | depth to rock | depth to rock | large stones | | depth to rock

 | | | slope | |

 | | | depth to rock | |

 | | | | |

 Rock outcrop-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Slight |Severe:

 | depth to rock | depth to rock | slope | | depth to rock

 | | | depth to rock | |

 | | | | |

LeD: | | | | |

 Lyman, very bouldery---|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | large stones | slope | slope

 | depth to rock | depth to rock | slope | | depth to rock

 | | | depth to rock | |

 | | | | |

 Rock outcrop-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | | depth to rock

 | | | | |

Lt: | | | | |

 Lyme, very bouldery----|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness | large stones | large stones | wetness | wetness

 | | wetness | wetness | |

 | | | | |

 Tughill, very bouldery-|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding | ponding | large stones | ponding | ponding

 | | | small stones | |

 | | | ponding | |

 | | | | |

MaA: | | | | |

 Malone-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | | | | |

MaB: | | | | |

 Malone-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | | | | |

MbB: | | | | |

 Malone, very stony-----|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness | wetness | large stones | wetness | wetness

 | | | small stones | |

 | | | | |

MdB: | | | | |

 Malone, undulating-----|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | | | | |

 Adjidaumo--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | percs slowly | percs slowly | percs slowly | wetness | wetness

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | |

 | | | | |

MeB: | | | | |

 Malone, very stony-----|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness | wetness | large stones | wetness | wetness

 | | | small stones | |

 | | | | |
394 Soil Survey

Table 9.--Recreational Development--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Camp areas | Picnic areas | Playgrounds | Paths and | Golf fairways

 and soil name | | | | trails |

________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________

 | | | | |

MeB: | | | | |

 Adjidaumo--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | percs slowly | percs slowly | percs slowly | too clayey | too clayey

 | too clayey | too clayey | too clayey | wetness | wetness

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | |

 | | | | |

MfA: | | | | |

 Matoon-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | | | | |

MfB: | | | | |

 Matoon-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | | | | |

Mh: | | | | |

 Mino-------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | | | | |

Mn: | | | | |

 Munuscong--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding

 | | | | |

MsA: | | | | |

 Muskellunge------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | erodes easily | wetness

 | | | | wetness |

 | | | | |

MsB: | | | | |

 Muskellunge------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | erodes easily | wetness

 | | | | wetness |

 | | | | |

MuB: | | | | |

 Muskellunge------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | erodes easily | wetness

 | | | | wetness |

 | | | | |

MwB: | | | | |

 Muskellunge, | | | | |

 undulating------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | erodes easily | wetness

 | | | | wetness |

 | | | | |

 Adjidaumo--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | percs slowly | percs slowly | percs slowly | wetness | wetness

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | |

 | | | | |

Na: | | | | |

 Naumburg---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | | | | |

NhA: | | | | |

 Nehasne----------------|Slight |Slight |Moderate: |Slight |Moderate:

 | | | small stones | | droughty

 | | | | |

NhB: | | | | |

 Nehasne----------------|Slight |Slight |Moderate: |Slight |Moderate:

 | | | slope | | droughty

 | | | small stones | |

 | | | | |

NhC: | | | | |

 Nehasne----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight |Moderate:

 | slope | slope | slope | | slope

 | | | | | droughty

 | | | | |
St. Lawrence County, New York 395

Table 9.--Recreational Development--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Camp areas | Picnic areas | Playgrounds | Paths and | Golf fairways

 and soil name | | | | trails |

________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________

 | | | | |

NoA: | | | | |

 Nicholville------------|Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight

 | | | | |

NoB: | | | | |

 Nicholville------------|Slight |Slight |Moderate: |Slight |Slight

 | | | slope | |

 | | | | |

NoC: | | | | |

 Nicholville, rolling---|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight |Moderate:

 | slope | slope | slope | | slope

 | | | | |

NrB: | | | | |

 Nicholville------------|Slight |Slight |Moderate: |Slight |Slight

 | | | slope | |

 | | | | |

OgA: | | | | |

 Ogdensburg-------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | | | | |

OgB: | | | | |

 Ogdensburg-------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | | | | |

Pg: | | | | |

 Pits, gravel and sand--|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | small stones | small stones | small stones | small stones | small stones

 | too sandy | too sandy | too sandy | too sandy | too sandy

 | | | | | droughty

 | | | | |

Ph: | | | | |

 Pits, quarry-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Slight |Severe:

 | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | | depth to rock

 | | | | |

PmC: | | | | |

 Potsdam----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | percs slowly | percs slowly | slope | erodes easily | slope

 | slope | slope | | | wetness

 | wetness | wetness | | |

 | | | | |

PoC: | | | | |

 Potsdam, very bouldery-|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | large stones | erodes easily | slope

 | | | slope | slope |

 | | | | |

 Tunbridge, very | | | | |

 bouldery--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | large stones | slope | slope

 | | | slope | |

 | | | small stones | |

 | | | | |

PoD: | | | | |

 Potsdam, very bouldery-|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | large stones | erodes easily | slope

 | | | slope | slope |

 | | | | |

 Tunbridge, very | | | | |

 bouldery--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | large stones | slope | slope

 | | | slope | |

 | | | small stones | |

 | | | | |
396 Soil Survey

Table 9.--Recreational Development--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Camp areas | Picnic areas | Playgrounds | Paths and | Golf fairways

 and soil name | | | | trails |

________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________

 | | | | |

PpD: | | | | |

 Potsdam, very bouldery-|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | large stones | erodes easily | slope

 | | | slope | slope |

 | | | | |

 Berkshire, very | | | | |

 bouldery--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | large stones | slope | slope

 | | | slope | |

 | | | small stones | |

 | | | | |

PsC: | | | | |

 Potsdam, very bouldery-|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | large stones | large stones | large stones | erodes easily | large stones

 | slope | slope | slope | | slope

 | wetness | wetness | | |

 | | | | |

 Crary, very bouldery---|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | wetness | large stones | large stones | erodes easily | large stones

 | | slope | slope | | slope

 | | wetness | wetness | | wetness

 | | | | |

PvB: | | | | |

 Pyrities---------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight |Moderate:

 | percs slowly | percs slowly | slope | | droughty

 | | | small stones | |

 | | | | |

PvC: | | | | |

 Pyrities---------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight |Moderate:

 | percs slowly | percs slowly | slope | | droughty

 | slope | slope | | |

 | | | | |

PxD: | | | | |

 Pyrities, very stony---|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | large stones | slope | slope

 | | | slope | |

 | | | small stones | |

 | | | | |

PyB: | | | | |

 Pyrities, rocky--------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight |Moderate:

 | percs slowly | percs slowly | slope | | droughty

 | | | small stones | |

 | | | | |

PyC: | | | | |

 Pyrities, rocky--------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight |Moderate:

 | percs slowly | percs slowly | slope | | droughty

 | slope | slope | | |

 | | | | |

PzC: | | | | |

 Pyrities, very stony---|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight |Moderate:

 | large stones | large stones | large stones | | large stones

 | slope | slope | slope | | slope

 | | | small stones | | small stones

 | | | | |

 Kalurah, very stony----|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | large stones | large stones | large stones | wetness | large stones

 | slope | slope | slope | | small stones

 | small stones | wetness | small stones | | wetness

 | | | | |

QwB: | | | | |

 Quetico----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Slight |Severe:

 | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | | depth to rock

 | | | | |
St. Lawrence County, New York 397

Table 9.--Recreational Development--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Camp areas | Picnic areas | Playgrounds | Paths and | Golf fairways

 and soil name | | | | trails |

________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________

 | | | | |

QwB: | | | | |

 Rock outcrop-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Slight |Severe:

 | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | | depth to rock

 | | | | |

 Insula-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Slight |Severe:

 | depth to rock | depth to rock | small stones | | depth to rock

 | | | depth to rock | |

 | | | | |

RaA: | | | | |

 Raquette---------------|Slight |Slight |Moderate: |Slight |Moderate:

 | | | small stones | | droughty

 | | | | |

RaB: | | | | |

 Raquette---------------|Slight |Slight |Moderate: |Slight |Moderate:

 | | | slope | | droughty

 | | | small stones | |

 | | | | |

RaC: | | | | |

 Raquette---------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight |Moderate:

 | slope | slope | slope | | slope

 | | | | | droughty

 | | | | |

Rd: | | | | |

 Redwater---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | flooding | wetness | flooding | wetness | flooding

 | wetness | | wetness | | wetness

 | | | | |

RoA: | | | | |

 Roundabout-------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | | | | |

RoB: | | | | |

 Roundabout-------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | | | | |

Rt: | | | | |

 Runeberg---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | | | | |

Ru: | | | | |

 Runeberg, very stony---|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness | wetness | large stones | wetness | wetness

 | | | wetness | |

 | | | | |

SaB: | | | | |

 Salmon-----------------|Slight |Slight |Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight

 | | | slope | erodes easily |

 | | | | |

SaC: | | | | |

 Salmon, rolling--------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | slope | slope | slope | erodes easily | slope

 | | | | |

Se: | | | | |

 Searsport--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | excess humus | excess humus | excess humus | excess humus | excess humus

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding

 | | | | | droughty

 | | | | |

Sg: | | | | |

 Stockholm--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | percs slowly | percs slowly | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | wetness | wetness | depth to rock | | depth to rock

 | | | | |
398 Soil Survey

Table 9.--Recreational Development--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Camp areas | Picnic areas | Playgrounds | Paths and | Golf fairways

 and soil name | | | | trails |

________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________

 | | | | |

ShB: | | | | |

 Summerville------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Slight |Severe:

 | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | | depth to rock

 | | | | |

SkB: | | | | |

 Summerville, rocky-----|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Slight |Severe:

 | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | | depth to rock

 | | | | |

 Gouverneur-------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Slight |Severe:

 | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | | depth to rock

 | | | | |

SlD: | | | | |

 Summerville, hilly-----|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | | depth to rock

 | | | | |

 Rock outcrop-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | | depth to rock

 | | | | |

SmC: | | | | |

 Summerville, rolling---|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Slight |Severe:

 | depth to rock | depth to rock | slope | | depth to rock

 | | | depth to rock | |

 | | | | |

 Rock outcrop-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Slight |Severe:

 | depth to rock | depth to rock | slope | | depth to rock

 | | | depth to rock | |

 | | | | |

 Nehasne, rolling-------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight |Moderate:

 | slope | slope | slope | | slope

 | | | | | droughty

 | | | | |

SpB: | | | | |

 Sunapee----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | wetness | wetness | slope | wetness | wetness

 | | | small stones | |

 | | | | |

SsB: | | | | |

 Sunapee, very bouldery-|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | large stones | large stones | large stones | large stones | large stones

 | wetness | wetness | | wetness | small stones

 | | | | | wetness

 | | | | |

 Berkshire, very | | | | |

 bouldery--------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight |Moderate:

 | small stones | small stones | large stones | | small stones

 | | | small stones | |

 | | | | |

Sw: | | | | |

 Swanton----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | percs slowly | percs slowly | percs slowly | wetness | wetness

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | |

 | | | | |

TdA: | | | | |

 Trout River------------|Slight |Slight |Moderate: |Slight |Severe:

 | | | small stones | | droughty

 | | | | |

TdB: | | | | |

 Trout River------------|Slight |Slight |Moderate: |Slight |Severe:

 | | | slope | | droughty

 | | | small stones | |

 | | | | |
St. Lawrence County, New York 399

Table 9.--Recreational Development--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Camp areas | Picnic areas | Playgrounds | Paths and | Golf fairways

 and soil name | | | | trails |

________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________

 | | | | |

TfB: | | | | |

 Trout River, very | | | | |

 stony-----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight |Severe:

 | large stones | large stones | large stones | | droughty

 | too sandy | too sandy | small stones | |

 | | | | |

 Fahey, very stony------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:

 | large stones | large stones | large stones | large stones | large stones

 | too sandy | too sandy | small stones | wetness | droughty

 | wetness | wetness | | |

 | | | | |

TuD: | | | | |

 Tunbridge--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | | | | |

 Lyman------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | depth to rock | depth to rock | small stones | | depth to rock

 | | | depth to rock | |

 | | | | |

TwC: | | | | |

 Tunbridge, rolling-----|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight |Moderate:

 | slope | slope | slope | | slope

 | | | | | droughty

 | | | | |

 Lyman, rolling---------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Slight |Severe:

 | depth to rock | depth to rock | slope | | depth to rock

 | | | small stones | |

 | | | depth to rock | |

 | | | | |

 Dawson-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | excess humus | excess humus | excess humus | excess humus | excess humus

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding

 | | | | |

Ua: | | | | |

 Udipsamments, smoothed.| | | | |

 | | | | |

Ue: | | | | |

 Udorthents, loamy. | | | | |

 | | | | |

Uf: | | | | |

 Udorthents, clayey. | | | | |

 | | | | |

Ug: | | | | |

 Udorthents, mine | | | | |

 waste, acid. | | | | |

 | | | | |

Uh: | | | | |

 Udorthents, mine | | | | |

 waste, nonacid. | | | | |

 | | | | |

Un: | | | | |

 Udorthents, refuse | | | | |

 substratum. | | | | |

 | | | | |

Ur: | | | | |

 Urban land-------------|Variable |Variable |Variable |Variable |Variable

 | | | | |

W: | | | | |

 Water. | | | | |

 | | | | |
400 Soil Survey

Table 9.--Recreational Development--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Camp areas | Picnic areas | Playgrounds | Paths and | Golf fairways

 and soil name | | | | trails |

________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________

 | | | | |

WaA: | | | | |

 Waddington-------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Slight |Severe:

 | small stones | small stones | small stones | | small stones

 | | | | | droughty

 | | | | |

WaB: | | | | |

 Waddington-------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Slight |Severe:

 | small stones | small stones | small stones | | small stones

 | | | | | droughty

 | | | | |

WaC: | | | | |

 Waddington, rolling----|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Slight |Severe:

 | small stones | small stones | slope | | small stones

 | | | small stones | | droughty

 | | | | |

WaD: | | | | |

 Waddington-------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | small stones | small stones | small stones | | small stones

 | | | | | droughty

 | | | | |

WdB: | | | | |

 Waddington, very | | | | |

 cobbly sandy loam-----|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | small stones | small stones | large stones | small stones | small stones

 | | | small stones | | droughty

 | | | | |

Wg: | | | | |

 Wegatchie--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | | | | |

________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________
St. Lawrence County, New York 401

Table 10.--Wildlife Habitat

(See text for definitions of terms used in this table. Absence of an entry indicates that no rating is

 applicable.)

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Potential for habitat elements | Potential as

 | | habitat for-- ________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol | Grain | | Wild | | | | | Open- | Wood- | Wet-

 and soil name | and |Grasses|herba- | Hard- |Conif- |Wetland|Shallow| land | land | land

 | seed | and | ceous | wood | erous |plants | water | wild- | wild- | wild-

 | crops |legumes|plants | trees |plants | | areas | life | life | life

_________________________|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|______

 | | | | | | | | | |

021: | | | | | | | | | |

 Dawson------------------|Very |Poor |Poor |Poor |Poor |Poor |Good |Poor |Poor |Fair

 | poor | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Fluvaquents-------------|Very |Very |Poor |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Very |Poor |Good

 | poor | poor | | | | | | poor | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Loxley------------------|Very |Poor |Poor |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good

 | poor | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

023: | | | | | | | | | |

 Loxley------------------|Very |Poor |Poor |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good

 | poor | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Dawson------------------|Very |Poor |Poor |Poor |Poor |Poor |Good |Poor |Poor |Fair

 | poor | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

363A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Adams-------------------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Poor |Poor |Very |Very |Poor |Poor |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

363B: | | | | | | | | | |

 Adams-------------------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Poor |Poor |Very |Very |Poor |Poor |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

363D: | | | | | | | | | |

 Adams-------------------|Very |Fair |Fair |Poor |Poor |Very |Very |Poor |Poor |Very

 | poor | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

365: | | | | | | | | | |

 Naumburg----------------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Croghan-----------------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Poor |Poor |Fair |Fair |Poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

376A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Colton------------------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Poor |Poor |Very |Very |Fair |Poor |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Duxbury-----------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Adams-------------------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Poor |Poor |Very |Very |Poor |Poor |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

376C: | | | | | | | | | |

 Colton------------------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Poor |Poor |Very |Very |Fair |Poor |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Duxbury-----------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Adams-------------------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Poor |Poor |Very |Very |Poor |Poor |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

376D: | | | | | | | | | |

 Colton------------------|Very |Fair |Fair |Poor |Poor |Very |Very |Poor |Poor |Very

 | poor | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |
402 Soil Survey

Table 10.--Wildlife Habitat--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Potential for habitat elements | Potential as

 | | habitat for-- ________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol | Grain | | Wild | | | | | Open- | Wood- | Wet-

 and soil name | and |Grasses|herba- | Hard- |Conif- |Wetland|Shallow| land | land | land

 | seed | and | ceous | wood | erous |plants | water | wild- | wild- | wild-

 | crops |legumes|plants | trees |plants | | areas | life | life | life

_________________________|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|______

 | | | | | | | | | |

376D: | | | | | | | | | |

 Duxbury-----------------|Very |Fair |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Fair |Good |Very

 | poor | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Adams-------------------|Very |Fair |Fair |Poor |Poor |Very |Very |Poor |Poor |Very

 | poor | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

380B: | | | | | | | | | |

 Colton------------------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Poor |Poor |Very |Very |Fair |Poor |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Duxbury-----------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Dawson------------------|Very |Poor |Poor |Poor |Poor |Poor |Good |Poor |Poor |Fair

 | poor | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

380D: | | | | | | | | | |

 Colton------------------|Very |Fair |Fair |Poor |Poor |Very |Very |Poor |Poor |Very

 | poor | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Duxbury-----------------|Very |Fair |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Fair |Good |Very

 | poor | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Dawson------------------|Very |Poor |Poor |Poor |Poor |Poor |Good |Poor |Poor |Fair

 | poor | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

643C: | | | | | | | | | |

 Berkshire, very | | | | | | | | | |

 bouldery---------------|Very |Poor |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Poor |Good |Very

 | poor | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

643D: | | | | | | | | | |

 Berekshire, very | | | | | | | | | |

 bouldery---------------|Very |Poor |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Poor |Good |Very

 | poor | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

644C: | | | | | | | | | |

 Berkshire, rolling, | | | | | | | | | |

 very bouldery----------|Very |Poor |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Poor |Good |Very

 | poor | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Lyme, very bouldery-----|Very |Poor |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Very |Fair |Very

 | poor | | | | | | | poor | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

644D: | | | | | | | | | |

 Berkshire, hilly, very | | | | | | | | | |

 bouldery---------------|Very |Poor |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Poor |Good |Very

 | poor | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Lyme, very bouldery-----|Very |Poor |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Very |Fair |Very

 | poor | | | | | | | poor | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

709B: | | | | | | | | | |

 Adirondack, very | | | | | | | | | |

 bouldery---------------|Very |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Very |Fair |Fair |Very

 | poor | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Tughill, very bouldery--|Very |Poor |Poor |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good

 | poor | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |
St. Lawrence County, New York 403

Table 10.--Wildlife Habitat--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Potential for habitat elements | Potential as

 | | habitat for-- ________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol | Grain | | Wild | | | | | Open- | Wood- | Wet-

 and soil name | and |Grasses|herba- | Hard- |Conif- |Wetland|Shallow| land | land | land

 | seed | and | ceous | wood | erous |plants | water | wild- | wild- | wild-

 | crops |legumes|plants | trees |plants | | areas | life | life | life

_________________________|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|______

 | | | | | | | | | |

709B: | | | | | | | | | |

 Lyme, very bouldery-----|Very |Poor |Fair |Fair |Fair |Poor |Very |Very |Fair |Very

 | poor | | | | | | poor | poor | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

741C: | | | | | | | | | |

 Potsdam, very bouldery--|Very |Poor |Poor |Poor |Poor |Very |Very |Poor |Poor |Very

 | poor | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Tunbridge, very | | | | | | | | | |

 bouldery---------------|Very |Poor |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Poor |Good |Very

 | poor | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Crary, very bouldery----|Very |Poor |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Poor |Good |Very

 | poor | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

741D: | | | | | | | | | |

 Potsdam, very bouldery--|Very |Poor |Poor |Poor |Poor |Very |Very |Poor |Poor |Very

 | poor | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Tunbridge, very | | | | | | | | | |

 bouldery---------------|Very |Poor |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Poor |Good |Very

 | poor | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

743C: | | | | | | | | | |

 Potsdam, very bouldery--|Very |Poor |Poor |Poor |Poor |Very |Very |Poor |Poor |Very

 | poor | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

743D: | | | | | | | | | |

 Potsdam, very bouldery--|Very |Poor |Poor |Poor |Poor |Very |Very |Poor |Poor |Very

 | poor | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

745C: | | | | | | | | | |

 Crary, very bouldery----|Very |Poor |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Poor |Good |Very

 | poor | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Potsdam, very bouldery--|Very |Poor |Poor |Poor |Poor |Very |Very |Poor |Poor |Very

 | poor | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

747B: | | | | | | | | | |

 Crary, very bouldery----|Very |Poor |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Poor |Good |Very

 | poor | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Adirondack, very | | | | | | | | | |

 bouldery---------------|Very |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Very |Fair |Fair |Very

 | poor | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

807: | | | | | | | | | |

 Udorthents, mine | | | | | | | | | |

 waste. | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

831C: | | | | | | | | | |

 Tunbridge, very | | | | | | | | | |

 bouldery---------------|Very |Poor |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Poor |Good |Very

 | poor | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Lyman, very bouldery----|Very |Poor |Fair |Poor |Poor |Very |Very |Poor |Poor |Very

 | poor | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |
404 Soil Survey

Table 10.--Wildlife Habitat--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Potential for habitat elements | Potential as

 | | habitat for-- ________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol | Grain | | Wild | | | | | Open- | Wood- | Wet-

 and soil name | and |Grasses|herba- | Hard- |Conif- |Wetland|Shallow| land | land | land

 | seed | and | ceous | wood | erous |plants | water | wild- | wild- | wild-

 | crops |legumes|plants | trees |plants | | areas | life | life | life

_________________________|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|______

 | | | | | | | | | |

831D: | | | | | | | | | |

 Tunbridge, very | | | | | | | | | |

 bouldery---------------|Very |Poor |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Poor |Good |Very

 | poor | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Lyman, very bouldery----|Very |Poor |Fair |Poor |Poor |Very |Very |Poor |Poor |Very

 | poor | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

831F: | | | | | | | | | |

 Tunbridge, very | | | | | | | | | |

 bouldery---------------|Very |Very |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Poor |Fair |Very

 | poor | poor | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Lyman, very bouldery----|Very |Poor |Fair |Poor |Poor |Very |Very |Poor |Poor |Very

 | poor | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

833C: | | | | | | | | | |

 Tunbridge, very | | | | | | | | | |

 bouldery---------------|Very |Poor |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Poor |Good |Very

 | poor | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Adirondack, very | | | | | | | | | |

 bouldery---------------|Very |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Very |Fair |Fair |Very

 | poor | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Lyman, very bouldery----|Very |Poor |Fair |Poor |Poor |Very |Very |Poor |Poor |Very

 | poor | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

835C: | | | | | | | | | |

 Tunbridge, very | | | | | | | | | |

 bouldery---------------|Very |Poor |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Poor |Good |Very

 | poor | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Borosaprists. | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Ricker, very bouldery---|Very |Very |Poor |Poor |Poor |Very |Very |Very |Poor |Very

 | poor | poor | | | | poor | poor | poor | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

861C: | | | | | | | | | |

 Lyman-------------------|Very |Poor |Fair |Poor |Poor |Very |Very |Poor |Poor |Very

 | poor | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Ricker, very bouldery---|Very |Very |Poor |Poor |Poor |Very |Very |Very |Poor |Very

 | poor | poor | | | | poor | poor | poor | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Rock outcrop, very | | | | | | | | | |

 bouldery---------------|Very |Very |Very |Very |Very |Very |Very |Very |Very |Very

 | poor | poor | poor | poor | poor | poor | poor | poor | poor | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

861D: | | | | | | | | | |

 Lyman, very bouldery----|Very |Poor |Fair |Poor |Poor |Very |Very |Poor |Poor |Very

 | poor | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Ricker, very bouldery---|Very |Very |Poor |Poor |Poor |Very |Very |Very |Poor |Very

 | poor | poor | | | | poor | poor | poor | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Rock outcrop------------|Very |Very |Very |Very |Very |Very |Very |Very |Very |Very

 | poor | poor | poor | poor | poor | poor | poor | poor | poor | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |
St. Lawrence County, New York 405

Table 10.--Wildlife Habitat--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Potential for habitat elements | Potential as

 | | habitat for-- ________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol | Grain | | Wild | | | | | Open- | Wood- | Wet-

 and soil name | and |Grasses|herba- | Hard- |Conif- |Wetland|Shallow| land | land | land

 | seed | and | ceous | wood | erous |plants | water | wild- | wild- | wild-

 | crops |legumes|plants | trees |plants | | areas | life | life | life

_________________________|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|______

 | | | | | | | | | |

861F: | | | | | | | | | |

 Lyman, very bouldery----|Very |Poor |Fair |Poor |Poor |Very |Very |Poor |Poor |Very

 | poor | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Ricker, very bouldery---|Very |Very |Poor |Poor |Poor |Very |Very |Very |Poor |Very

 | poor | poor | | | | poor | poor | poor | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Rock outcrop------------|Very |Very |Very |Very |Very |Very |Very |Very |Very |Very

 | poor | poor | poor | poor | poor | poor | poor | poor | poor | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

891F: | | | | | | | | | |

 Rock outcrop------------|Very |Very |Very |Very |Very |Very |Very |Very |Very |Very

 | poor | poor | poor | poor | poor | poor | poor | poor | poor | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Ricker, very bouldery---|Very |Very |Poor |Poor |Poor |Very |Very |Very |Poor |Very

 | poor | poor | | | | poor | poor | poor | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Lyman, very bouldery----|Very |Poor |Fair |Poor |Poor |Very |Very |Poor |Poor |Very

 | poor | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

AaB: | | | | | | | | | |

 Adams, sand-------------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Poor |Poor |Very |Very |Poor |Poor |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

AaC: | | | | | | | | | |

 Adams, sand-------------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Poor |Poor |Very |Very |Poor |Poor |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

AaD: | | | | | | | | | |

 Adams, sand-------------|Very |Fair |Fair |Poor |Poor |Very |Very |Poor |Poor |Very

 | poor | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

AdB: | | | | | | | | | |

 Adams, loamy fine sand--|Poor |Fair |Fair |Poor |Poor |Very |Very |Poor |Poor |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

AdC: | | | | | | | | | |

 Adams, loamy fine sand--|Poor |Fair |Fair |Poor |Poor |Very |Very |Poor |Poor |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

Ak: | | | | | | | | | |

 Adjidaumo, silty clay---|Poor |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Poor |Fair |Good

 | | | | | | | | | |

Am: | | | | | | | | | |

 Adjidaumo, mucky silty | | | | | | | | | |

 clay-------------------|Very |Poor |Poor |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Very |Poor |Good

 | poor | | | | | | | poor | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

Ao: | | | | | | | | | |

 Adjidaumo, flooded------|Very |Poor |Poor |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Very |Poor |Good

 | poor | | | | | | | poor | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

Ap: | | | | | | | | | |

 Adjidaumo, silty clay, | | | | | | | | | |

 rocky------------------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Poor |Fair |Good

 | | | | | | | | | |

ArC: | | | | | | | | | |

 Adjidaumo---------------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Poor |Fair |Good

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Summerville-------------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Very |Very |Fair |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |
406 Soil Survey

Table 10.--Wildlife Habitat--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Potential for habitat elements | Potential as

 | | habitat for-- ________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol | Grain | | Wild | | | | | Open- | Wood- | Wet-

 and soil name | and |Grasses|herba- | Hard- |Conif- |Wetland|Shallow| land | land | land

 | seed | and | ceous | wood | erous |plants | water | wild- | wild- | wild-

 | crops |legumes|plants | trees |plants | | areas | life | life | life

_________________________|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|______

 | | | | | | | | | |

BeB: | | | | | | | | | |

 Berkshire---------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

BgC: | | | | | | | | | |

 Berkshire, very | | | | | | | | | |

 bouldery---------------|Very |Poor |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Poor |Good |Very

 | poor | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Lyme, very bouldery-----|Very |Very |Fair |Fair |Fair |Very |Very |Poor |Fair |Very

 | poor | poor | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

BkC: | | | | | | | | | |

 Berkshire, very | | | | | | | | | |

 bouldery---------------|Very |Poor |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Poor |Good |Very

 | poor | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Sunapee, very bouldery--|Very |Poor |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Poor |Good |Very

 | poor | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

Bo: | | | | | | | | | |

 Borosaprists. | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Fluvaquents-------------|Very |Very |Poor |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Very |Poor |Good

 | poor | poor | | | | | | poor | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

Ce: | | | | | | | | | |

 Carbondale, undrained---|Fair |Poor |Poor |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good

 | | | | | | | | | |

CgB: | | | | | | | | | |

 Colton------------------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Poor |Poor |Very |Very |Fair |Poor |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Duxbury-----------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

CgC: | | | | | | | | | |

 Colton------------------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Poor |Poor |Very |Very |Fair |Poor |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Duxbury-----------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

CgD: | | | | | | | | | |

 Colton------------------|Very |Fair |Fair |Poor |Poor |Very |Very |Poor |Poor |Very

 | poor | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Duxbury-----------------|Very |Fair |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Fair |Good |Very

 | poor | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

Ck: | | | | | | | | | |

 Cook--------------------|Very |Poor |Poor |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good

 | poor | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

Cn: | | | | | | | | | |

 Cornish-----------------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Fair

 | | | | | | | | | |

Cp: | | | | | | | | | |

 Coveytown---------------|Fair |Fair |Good |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair

 | | | | | | | | | |
St. Lawrence County, New York 407

Table 10.--Wildlife Habitat--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Potential for habitat elements | Potential as

 | | habitat for-- ________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol | Grain | | Wild | | | | | Open- | Wood- | Wet-

 and soil name | and |Grasses|herba- | Hard- |Conif- |Wetland|Shallow| land | land | land

 | seed | and | ceous | wood | erous |plants | water | wild- | wild- | wild-

 | crops |legumes|plants | trees |plants | | areas | life | life | life

_________________________|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|______

 | | | | | | | | | |

Cr: | | | | | | | | | |

 Coveytown, very stony---|Very |Poor |Good |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Poor |Fair |Fair

 | poor | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Cook, very stony--------|Very |Very |Poor |Poor |Poor |Good |Fair |Very |Poor |Fair

 | poor | poor | | | | | | poor | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

CsB: | | | | | | | | | |

 Crary-------------------|Good |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Poor |Very |Good |Fair |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

CtB: | | | | | | | | | |

 Crary, very bouldery----|Very |Poor |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Poor |Good |Very

 | poor | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Potsdam, very bouldery--|Very |Poor |Poor |Poor |Poor |Very |Very |Poor |Poor |Very

 | poor | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

CuB: | | | | | | | | | |

 Croghan, sand-----------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Poor |Very |Fair |Fair |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

CvA: | | | | | | | | | |

 Croghan, loamy fine | | | | | | | | | |

 sand-------------------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Poor |Poor |Fair |Fair |Poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

CvB: | | | | | | | | | |

 Croghan, loamy fine | | | | | | | | | |

 sand |Poor |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Poor |Very |Fair |Fair |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

Da: | | | | | | | | | |

 Dawson------------------|Very |Poor |Poor |Poor |Poor |Poor |Good |Poor |Poor |Fair

 | poor | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

DAM: | | | | | | | | | |

 Large dams. | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

Dd: | | | | | | | | | |

 Deford, loamy fine sand-|Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good

 | | | | | | | | | |

Df: | | | | | | | | | |

 Deford, mucky loamy | | | | | | | | | |

 fine sand--------------|Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good

 | | | | | | | | | |

DpA: | | | | | | | | | |

 Depeyster---------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

DpB: | | | | | | | | | |

 Depeyster---------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

DpC: | | | | | | | | | |

 Depeyster---------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

Dr: | | | | | | | | | |

 Dorval------------------|Very |Very |Very |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Very |Poor |Good

 | poor | poor | poor | | | | | poor | |

 | | | | | | | | | |
408 Soil Survey

Table 10.--Wildlife Habitat--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Potential for habitat elements | Potential as

 | | habitat for-- ________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol | Grain | | Wild | | | | | Open- | Wood- | Wet-

 and soil name | and |Grasses|herba- | Hard- |Conif- |Wetland|Shallow| land | land | land

 | seed | and | ceous | wood | erous |plants | water | wild- | wild- | wild-

 | crops |legumes|plants | trees |plants | | areas | life | life | life

_________________________|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|______

 | | | | | | | | | |

Du: | | | | | | | | | |

 Dune land---------------|Very |Very |Very |Very |Very |Very |Very |Very |Very |Very

 | poor | poor | poor | poor | poor | poor | poor | poor | poor | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

EeB: | | | | | | | | | |

 Eelweir-----------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

EmA: | | | | | | | | | |

 Elmwood-----------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

EmB: | | | | | | | | | |

 Elmwood-----------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

Fa: | | | | | | | | | |

 Fahey-------------------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Poor |Poor |Very |Very |Fair |Poor |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

FkA: | | | | | | | | | |

 Flackville--------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Poor

 | | | | | | | poor | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

FkB: | | | | | | | | | |

 Flackville--------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Poor

 | | | | | | | poor | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

Fu: | | | | | | | | | |

 Fluvaquents, frequently | | | | | | | | | |

 flooded----------------|Very |Very |Poor |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Very |Poor |Good

 | poor | poor | | | | | | poor | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Udifluvents, frequently | | | | | | | | | |

 flooded----------------|Very |Very |Poor |Poor |Poor |Very |Very |Poor |Poor |Very

 | poor | poor | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

GrB: | | | | | | | | | |

 Grenville---------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

GrC: | | | | | | | | | |

 Grenville---------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

GsD: | | | | | | | | | |

 Grenville, very stony---|Very |Poor |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Poor |Good |Very

 | poor | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

Gu: | | | | | | | | | |

 Guff--------------------|Very |Poor |Poor |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good

 | poor | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

HaA: | | | | | | | | | |

 Hailesboro--------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair

 | | | | | | | | | |

HaB: | | | | | | | | | |

 Hailesboro--------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

Hc: | | | | | | | | | |

 Hannawa-----------------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Poor |Poor |Good |Poor |Fair |Poor |Fair

 | | | | | | | | | |
St. Lawrence County, New York 409

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol | Grain | | Wild | | | | | Open- | Wood- | Wet-

 and soil name | and |Grasses|herba- | Hard- |Conif- |Wetland|Shallow| land | land | land

 | seed | and | ceous | wood | erous |plants | water | wild- | wild- | wild-

 | crops |legumes|plants | trees |plants | | areas | life | life | life

_________________________|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|______

 | | | | | | | | | |

HeB: | | | | | | | | | |

 Heuvelton---------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

HeC: | | | | | | | | | |

 Heuvelton, rolling------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Fair |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

HkE: | | | | | | | | | |

 Heuvelton---------------|Very |Poor |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Poor |Good |Very

 | poor | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Depeyster---------------|Poor |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Fair |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

HnA: | | | | | | | | | |

 Hogansburg--------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

HnB: | | | | | | | | | |

 Hogansburg--------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

HrB: | | | | | | | | | |

 Hogansburg, very stony--|Very |Poor |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Poor |Good |Very

 | poor | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Grenville, very stony---|Very |Poor |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Poor |Good |Very

 | poor | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

IaB: | | | | | | | | | |

 Insula------------------|Poor |Poor |Fair |Poor |Poor |Very |Very |Poor |Poor |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

InB: | | | | | | | | | |

 Insula------------------|Poor |Poor |Fair |Poor |Poor |Very |Very |Poor |Poor |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

IrC: | | | | | | | | | |

 Insula, rolling---------|Very |Poor |Fair |Poor |Poor |Very |Very |Poor |Poor |Very

 | poor | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Rock outcrop------------|Very |Very |Very |Very |Very |Very |Very |Very |Very |Very

 | poor | poor | poor | poor | poor | poor | poor | poor | poor | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

IrD: | | | | | | | | | |

 Insula, hilly-----------|Very |Poor |Fair |Poor |Poor |Very |Very |Poor |Poor |Very

 | poor | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Rock outcrop------------|Very |Very |Very |Very |Very |Very |Very |Very |Very |Very

 | poor | poor | poor | poor | poor | poor | poor | poor | poor | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

KaA: | | | | | | | | | |

 Kalurah-----------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

KaB: | | | | | | | | | |

 Kalurah-----------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

KbB: | | | | | | | | | |

 Kalurah, very stony-----|Very |Poor |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Poor |Good |Very

 | poor | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

Table 10.--Wildlife Habitat--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Potential for habitat elements | Potential as

 | | habitat for--
410 Soil Survey

Table 10.--Wildlife Habitat--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Potential for habitat elements | Potential as

 | | habitat for-- ________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol | Grain | | Wild | | | | | Open- | Wood- | Wet-

 and soil name | and |Grasses|herba- | Hard- |Conif- |Wetland|Shallow| land | land | wild-

 | seed | and | ceous | wood | erous |plants | water | wild- | wild- | life

 | crops |legumes|plants | trees |plants | | areas | life | life |

_________________________|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|______

 | | | | | | | | | |

KbB: | | | | | | | | | |

 Pyrities, very stony----|Very |Poor |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Poor |Good |Very

 | poor | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

Lc: | | | | | | | | | |

 Lovewell----------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

Ld: | | | | | | | | | |

 Loxley------------------|Very |Poor |Poor |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good

 | poor | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

LeC: | | | | | | | | | |

 Lyman-------------------|Very |Poor |Fair |Poor |Poor |Very |Very |Poor |Poor |Very

 | poor | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Rock outcrop------------|Very |Very |Very |Very |Very |Very |Very |Very |Very |Very

 | poor | poor | poor | poor | poor | poor | poor | poor | poor | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

LeD: | | | | | | | | | |

 Lyman, very bouldery----|Very |Poor |Fair |Poor |Poor |Very |Very |Poor |Poor |Very

 | poor | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Rock outcrop------------|Very |Very |Very |Very |Very |Very |Very |Very |Very |Very

 | poor | poor | poor | poor | poor | poor | poor | poor | poor | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

Lt: | | | | | | | | | |

 Lyme, very bouldery-----|Very |Poor |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Very |Fair |Very

 | poor | | | | | | | poor | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Tughill, very bouldery--|Very |Poor |Poor |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good

 | poor | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

MaA: | | | | | | | | | |

 Malone------------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair

 | | | | | | | | | |

MaB: | | | | | | | | | |

 Malone------------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

MbB: | | | | | | | | | |

 Malone, very stony------|Very |Poor |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Poor |Good |Very

 | poor | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

MdB: | | | | | | | | | |

 Malone, undulating------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Adjidaumo---------------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Poor |Fair |Good

 | | | | | | | | | |

MeB: | | | | | | | | | |

 Malone, very stony------|Very |Poor |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Poor |Good |Very

 | poor | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Adjidaumo---------------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Poor |Fair |Good

 | | | | | | | | | |

MfA: | | | | | | | | | |

 Matoon------------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

MfB: | | | | | | | | | |

 Matoon------------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |
St. Lawrence County, New York 411

Table 10.--Wildlife Habitat--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Potential for habitat elements | Potential as

 | | habitat for-- ________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol | Grain | | Wild | | | | | Open- | Wood- | Wet-

 and soil name | and |Grasses|herba- | Hard- |Conif- |Wetland|Shallow| land | land | wild-

 | seed | and | ceous | wood | erous |plants | water | wild- | wild- | life

 | crops |legumes|plants | trees |plants | | areas | life | life |

_________________________|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|______

 | | | | | | | | | |

Mh: | | | | | | | | | |

 Mino--------------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair

 | | | | | | | | | |

Mn: | | | | | | | | | |

 Munuscong---------------|Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Good

 | | | | | | | | | |

MsA: | | | | | | | | | |

 Muskellunge-------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair

 | | | | | | | | | |

MsB: | | | | | | | | | |

 Muskellunge-------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

MuB: | | | | | | | | | |

 Muskellunge-------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

MwB: | | | | | | | | | |

 Muskellunge, undulating-|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Adjidaumo---------------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Poor |Fair |Good

 | | | | | | | | | |

Na: | | | | | | | | | |

 Naumburg----------------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good

 | | | | | | | | | |

NhA: | | | | | | | | | |

 Nehasne-----------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

NhB: | | | | | | | | | |

 Nehasne-----------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

NhC: | | | | | | | | | |

 Nehasne-----------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

NoA: | | | | | | | | | |

 Nicholville-------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

NoB: | | | | | | | | | |

 Nicholville-------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

NoC: | | | | | | | | | |

 Nicholville, rolling----|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

NrB: | | | | | | | | | |

 Nicholville-------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

OgA: | | | | | | | | | |

 Ogdensburg--------------|Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair

 | | | | | | | | | |

OgB: | | | | | | | | | |

 Ogdensburg--------------|Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Fair |Fair |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |
412 Soil Survey

Table 10.--Wildlife Habitat--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Potential for habitat elements | Potential as

 | | habitat for-- ________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol | Grain | | Wild | | | | | Open- | Wood- | Wet-

 and soil name | and |Grasses|herba- | Hard- |Conif- |Wetland|Shallow| land | land | wild-

 | seed | and | ceous | wood | erous |plants | water | wild- | wild- | life

 | crops |legumes|plants | trees |plants | | areas | life | life |

_________________________|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|______

 | | | | | | | | | |

Pg: | | | | | | | | | |

 Pits, gravel and sand---|Very |Very |Very |Very |Very |Very |Very |Very |Very |Very

 | poor | poor | poor | poor | poor | poor | poor | poor | poor | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

Ph: | | | | | | | | | |

 Pits, quarry------------|Very |Very |Very |Very |Very |Very |Very |Very |Very |Very

 | poor | poor | poor | poor | poor | poor | poor | poor | poor | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

PmC: | | | | | | | | | |

 Potsdam-----------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

PoC: | | | | | | | | | |

 Potsdam, very bouldery--|Very |Poor |Poor |Poor |Poor |Very |Very |Poor |Poor |Very

 | poor | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Tunbridge, very | | | | | | | | | |

 bouldery---------------|Very |Poor |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Poor |Good |Very

 | poor | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

PoD: | | | | | | | | | |

 Potsdam, very bouldery--|Very |Poor |Poor |Poor |Poor |Very |Very |Poor |Poor |Very

 | poor | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Tunbridge, very | | | | | | | | | |

 bouldery---------------|Very |Poor |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Poor |Good |Very

 | poor | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

PpD: | | | | | | | | | |

 Potsdam, very bouldery--|Very |Poor |Poor |Poor |Poor |Very |Very |Poor |Poor |Very

 | poor | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Berkshire, very | | | | | | | | | |

 bouldery---------------|Very |Poor |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Poor |Good |Very

 | poor | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

PsC: | | | | | | | | | |

 Potsdam, very bouldery--|Very |Poor |Poor |Poor |Poor |Very |Very |Poor |Poor |Very

 | poor | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Crary, very bouldery----|Very |Poor |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Poor |Good |Very

 | poor | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

PvB: | | | | | | | | | |

 Pyrities----------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

PvC: | | | | | | | | | |

 Pyrities----------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

PxD: | | | | | | | | | |

 Pyrities, very stony----|Very |Poor |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Poor |Good |Very

 | poor | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

PyB: | | | | | | | | | |

 Pyrities, rocky---------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |
St. Lawrence County, New York 413

Table 10.--Wildlife Habitat--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Potential for habitat elements | Potential as

 | | habitat for-- ________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol | Grain | | Wild | | | | | Open- | Wood- | Wet-

 and soil name | and |Grasses|herba- | Hard- |Conif- |Wetland|Shallow| land | land | wild-

 | seed | and | ceous | wood | erous |plants | water | wild- | wild- | life

 | crops |legumes|plants | trees |plants | | areas | life | life |

_________________________|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|______

 | | | | | | | | | |

PyC: | | | | | | | | | |

 Pyrities, rocky---------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

PzC: | | | | | | | | | |

 Pyrities, very stony----|Very |Poor |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Poor |Good |Very

 | poor | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Kalurah, very stony-----|Very |Poor |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Poor |Good |Very

 | poor | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

QwB: | | | | | | | | | |

 Quetico-----------------|Very |Poor |Poor |Poor |Poor |Very |Very |Poor |Poor |Very

 | poor | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Rock outcrop------------|Very |Very |Very |Very |Very |Very |Very |Very |Very |Very

 | poor | poor | poor | poor | poor | poor | poor | poor | poor | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Insula------------------|Poor |Poor |Fair |Poor |Poor |Very |Very |Poor |Poor |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

RaA: | | | | | | | | | |

 Raquette----------------|Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Very |Very |Fair |Fair |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

RaB: | | | | | | | | | |

 Raquette----------------|Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Very |Very |Fair |Fair |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

RaC: | | | | | | | | | |

 Raquette----------------|Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Very |Very |Fair |Fair |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

Rd: | | | | | | | | | |

 Redwater----------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair

 | | | | | | | | | |

RoA: | | | | | | | | | |

 Roundabout--------------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair

 | | | | | | | | | |

RoB: | | | | | | | | | |

 Roundabout--------------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Poor |Very |Fair |Fair |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

Rt: | | | | | | | | | |

 Runeberg----------------|Very |Poor |Poor |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good

 | poor | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

Ru: | | | | | | | | | |

 Runeberg, very stony----|Very |Poor |Poor |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good

 | poor | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

SaB: | | | | | | | | | |

 Salmon------------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

SaC: | | | | | | | | | |

 Salmon, rolling---------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |
414 Soil Survey

Table 10.--Wildlife Habitat--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Potential for habitat elements | Potential as

 | | habitat for-- ________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol | Grain | | Wild | | | | | Open- | Wood- | Wet-

 and soil name | and |Grasses|herba- | Hard- |Conif- |Wetland|Shallow| land | land | wild-

 | seed | and | ceous | wood | erous |plants | water | wild- | wild- | life

 | crops |legumes|plants | trees |plants | | areas | life | life |

_________________________|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|______

 | | | | | | | | | |

Se: | | | | | | | | | |

 Searsport---------------|Very |Poor |Poor |Poor |Poor |Good |Fair |Poor |Poor |Fair

 | poor | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

Sg: | | | | | | | | | |

 Stockholm---------------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good

 | | | | | | | | | |

ShB: | | | | | | | | | |

 Summerville-------------|Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Fair |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

SkB: | | | | | | | | | |

 Summerville, rocky------|Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Fair |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Gouverneur--------------|Very |Very |Poor |Poor |Poor |Very |Very |Very |Poor |Very

 | poor | poor | | | | poor | poor | poor | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

SlD: | | | | | | | | | |

 Summerville, hilly------|Very |Poor |Fair |Good |Good |Very |Very |Poor |Good |Very

 | poor | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Rock outcrop------------|Very |Very |Very |Very |Very |Very |Very |Very |Very |Very

 | poor | poor | poor | poor | poor | poor | poor | poor | poor | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

SmC: | | | | | | | | | |

 Summerville, rolling----|Poor |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Very |Very |Fair |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Rock outcrop------------|Very |Very |Very |Very |Very |Very |Very |Very |Very |Very

 | poor | poor | poor | poor | poor | poor | poor | poor | poor | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Nehasne, rolling--------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

SpB: | | | | | | | | | |

 Sunapee-----------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

SsB: | | | | | | | | | |

 Sunapee, very bouldery--|Very |Poor |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Poor |Good |Poor

 | poor | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Berkshire, very | | | | | | | | | |

 bouldery---------------|Very |Poor |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Poor |Good |Very

 | poor | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

Sw: | | | | | | | | | |

 Swanton-----------------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair

 | | | | | | | | | |

TdA: | | | | | | | | | |

 Trout River-------------|Very |Poor |Poor |Very |Very |Very |Very |Poor |Very |Very

 | poor | | | poor | poor | poor | poor | | poor | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

TdB: | | | | | | | | | |

 Trout River-------------|Very |Poor |Poor |Very |Very |Very |Very |Poor |Very |Very

 | poor | | | poor | poor | poor | poor | | poor | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

TfB: | | | | | | | | | |

 Trout River, very stony-|Very |Poor |Poor |Very |Very |Very |Very |Poor |Very |Very

 | poor | | | poor | poor | poor | poor | | poor | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |
St. Lawrence County, New York 415

Table 10.--Wildlife Habitat--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Potential for habitat elements | Potential as

 | | habitat for-- ________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol | Grain | | Wild | | | | | Open- | Wood- | Wet-

 and soil name | and |Grasses|herba- | Hard- |Conif- |Wetland|Shallow| land | land | wild-

 | seed | and | ceous | wood | erous |plants | water | wild- | wild- | life

 | crops |legumes|plants | trees |plants | | areas | life | life |

_________________________|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|______

 | | | | | | | | | |

TfB: | | | | | | | | | |

 Fahey, very stony-------|Very |Poor |Fair |Poor |Poor |Very |Very |Poor |Poor |Very

 | poor | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

TuD: | | | | | | | | | |

 Tunbridge---------------|Very |Fair |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Fair |Good |Very

 | poor | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Lyman-------------------|Very |Poor |Fair |Poor |Poor |Very |Very |Poor |Poor |Very

 | poor | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

TwC: | | | | | | | | | |

 Tunbridge, rolling------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Lyman, rolling----------|Poor |Poor |Fair |Poor |Poor |Very |Very |Poor |Poor |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Dawson------------------|Very |Poor |Poor |Poor |Poor |Poor |Good |Poor |Poor |Fair

 | poor | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

Ua: | | | | | | | | | |

 Udipsamments, smoothed. | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

Ue: | | | | | | | | | |

 Udorthents, loamy. | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

Uf: | | | | | | | | | |

 Udorthents, clayey. | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

Ug: | | | | | | | | | |

 Udorthents, mine | | | | | | | | | |

 waste, acid. | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

Uh: | | | | | | | | | |

 Udorthents, mine | | | | | | | | | |

 waste, nonacid. | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

Un: | | | | | | | | | |

 Udorthents, refuse | | | | | | | | | |

 substratum. | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

Ur: | | | | | | | | | |

 Urban land. | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

W: | | | | | | | | | |

 Water. | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

WaA: | | | | | | | | | |

 Waddington--------------|Fair |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

WaB: | | | | | | | | | |

 Waddington--------------|Fair |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

WaC: | | | | | | | | | |

 Waddington, rolling-----|Fair |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |
416 Soil Survey

Table 10.--Wildlife Habitat--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Potential for habitat elements | Potential as

 | | habitat for-- ________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol | Grain | | Wild | | | | | Open- | Wood- | Wet-

 and soil name | and |Grasses|herba- | Hard- |Conif- |Wetland|Shallow| land | land | wild-

 | seed | and | ceous | wood | erous |plants | water | wild- | wild- | life

 | crops |legumes|plants | trees |plants | | areas | life | life |

_________________________|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|______

 | | | | | | | | | |

WaD: | | | | | | | | | |

 Waddington--------------|Very |Fair |Good |Fair |Fair |Very |Very |Poor |Good |Very

 | poor | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

WdB: | | | | | | | | | |

 Waddington, very cobbly | | | | | | | | | |

 sandy loam-------------|Fair |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

Wg: | | | | | | | | | |

 Wegatchie---------------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Poor |Fair |Good

_________________________|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|______
Table 11.--Building Site Development (The information in this table indicates the dominant soil condition but does not eliminate the need f

 investigation. See text for definitions of terms used in this table. Absence of an entry indicate is applicable.) ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | |  Map symbol | Shallow | Dwellings | Dwellings | Small | Local road and soil name | excavations | without | with | commercial | and street | | basements | basements | buildings | _________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|____________ | | | | | 021: | | | | |  Dawson------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | excess humus | low strength | subsides | low strength | frost actio | ponding | subsides | ponding | subsides | subsides  | cutbanks cave | ponding | | ponding | ponding  | | | | |  Fluvaquents-------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | ponding | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding  | cutbanks cave | ponding | ponding | ponding | frost actio | | | | | ponding  | | | | |  Loxley------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | excess humus | low strength | low strength | low strength | frost actio | ponding | subsides | subsides | subsides | subsides  | | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding  | | | | | 023: | | | | |  Loxley------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | excess humus | low strength | low strength | low strength | frost actio | ponding | subsides | subsides | subsides | subsides  | | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding  | | | | |  Dawson------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | excess humus | low strength | subsides | low strength | frost actio | ponding | subsides | ponding | subsides | subsides  | cutbanks cave | ponding | | ponding | ponding  | | | | | 363A: | | | | |  Adams-------------------|Severe: |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight  | cutbanks cave | | | |  | | | | | 363B: | | | | |  Adams-------------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate:  | cutbanks cave | slope | slope | slope | slope  | | | | | 363D: | | | | |  Adams-------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope  | cutbanks cave | | | |  | | | | | 
Table 11.--Building Site Development--Continued ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |  Map symbol | Shallow | Dwellings | Dwellings | Small | Local road and soil name | excavations | without | with | commercial | and street | | basements | basements | buildings | _________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|____________ | | | | | 365: | | | | |  Naumburg----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness  | cutbanks cave | | | |  | | | | |  Croghan-----------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:  | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | frost actio | cutbanks cave | | | | wetness  | | | | | 376A: | | | | |  Colton------------------|Severe: |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight  | cutbanks cave | | | |  | | | | |  | | | | |  Duxbury-----------------|Severe: |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight  | cutbanks cave | | | |  | | | | |  Adams-------------------|Severe: |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight  | cutbanks cave | | | |  | | | | | 376C: | | | | |  Colton------------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate:  | cutbanks cave | slope | slope | slope | slope  | | | | |  | | | | |  Duxbury-----------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate:  | cutbanks cave | slope | slope | slope | slope  | | | | |  Adams-------------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate:  | cutbanks cave | slope | slope | slope | slope  | | | | | 376D: | | | | |  Colton------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope  | cutbanks cave | | | |  | | | | |  | | | | |  Duxbury-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope  | cutbanks cave | | | |  | | | | |  Adams-------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope  | cutbanks cave | | | |  | | | | | 
Table 11.--Building Site Development--Continued ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |  Map symbol | Shallow | Dwellings | Dwellings | Small | Local road and soil name | excavations | without | with | commercial | and street | | basements | basements | buildings | _________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|____________ | | | | | 380B: | | | | |  Colton------------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate:  | cutbanks cave | slope | slope | slope | slope  | | | | |  | | | | |  Duxbury-----------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate:  | cutbanks cave | slope | slope | slope | slope  | | | | |  Dawson------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | excess humus | low strength | subsides | low strength | frost actio | ponding | subsides | ponding | subsides | subsides  | cutbanks cave | ponding | | ponding | ponding  | | | | | 380D: | | | | |  Colton------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope  | cutbanks cave | | | |  | | | | |  | | | | |  Duxbury-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope  | cutbanks cave | | | |  | | | | |  Dawson------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | excess humus | low strength | subsides | low strength | frost actio | ponding | subsides | ponding | subsides | subsides  | cutbanks cave | ponding | | ponding | ponding  | | | | | 643C: | | | | |  Berkshire, very | | | | |  bouldery---------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate:  | slope | slope | slope | slope | frost actio | | | | | slope  | | | | | 643D: | | | | |  Berkshire, very | | | | |  bouldery---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope  | | | | | 644C: | | | | |  Berkshire, rolling, | | | | |  very bouldery----------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate:  | slope | slope | slope | slope | frost actio | | | | | slope  | | | | | 
Table 11.--Building Site Development--Continued ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |  Map symbol | Shallow | Dwellings | Dwellings | Small | Local road and soil name | excavations | without | with | commercial | and street | | basements | basements | buildings | _________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|____________ | | | | | 644C: | | | | |  Lyme, very bouldery-----|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | frost actio | | | | | wetness  | | | | | 644D: | | | | |  Berkshire, hilly, very | | | | |  bouldery---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope  | | | | |  Lyme, very bouldery-----|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | frost actio | | | | | wetness  | | | | | 709B: | | | | |  Adirondack, very | | | | |  bouldery---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | frost actio | cutbanks cave | | | |  | | | | |  | | | | |  Tughill, very bouldery--|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding | frost actio | | | | | ponding  | | | | |  Lyme, very bouldery-----|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | frost actio | | | | | wetness  | | | | | 741C: | | | | |  Potsdam, very bouldery--|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:  | wetness | slope | wetness | slope | frost actio | | wetness | | | slope  | | | | | wetness  | | | | |  Tunbridge, very | | | | |  bouldery---------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:  | depth to rock | slope | depth to rock | slope | frost actio | | depth to rock | | | slope  | | | | | depth to ro | | | | |  Crary, very bouldery----|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | wetness | wetness | wetness | slope | frost actio | | | | wetness |  | | | | |  | | | | | 
Table 11.--Building Site Development--Continued ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |  Map symbol | Shallow | Dwellings | Dwellings | Small | Local road and soil name | excavations | without | with | commercial | and street | | basements | basements | buildings | _________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|____________ | | | | | 741D: | | | | |  Potsdam, very bouldery--|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope  | wetness | | wetness | |  | | | | |  Tunbridge, very | | | | |  bouldery---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope  | depth to rock | | depth to rock | |  | | | | | 743C: | | | | |  Potsdam, very bouldery--|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:  | wetness | slope | wetness | slope | frost actio | | wetness | | | slope  | | | | | wetness  | | | | | 743D: | | | | |  Potsdam, very bouldery--|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope  | wetness | | wetness | |  | | | | | 745C: | | | | |  Crary, very bouldery----|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | wetness | wetness | wetness | slope | frost actio | | | | wetness |  | | | | |  | | | | |  Potsdam, very bouldery--|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:  | wetness | slope | wetness | slope | frost actio | | wetness | | | slope  | | | | | wetness  | | | | | 747B: | | | | |  Crary, very bouldery----|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | frost actio | | | | |  | | | | |  Adirondack, very | | | | |  bouldery---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | frost actio | cutbanks cave | | | |  | | | | |  | | | | | 807: | | | | |  Udorthents, mine waste. | | | | |  | | | | | 
Table 11.--Building Site Development--Continued ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |  Map symbol | Shallow | Dwellings | Dwellings | Small | Local road and soil name | excavations | without | with | commercial | and street | | basements | basements | buildings | _________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|____________ | | | | | 831C: | | | | |  Tunbridge, very | | | | |  bouldery---------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:  | depth to rock | slope | depth to rock | slope | frost actio | | depth to rock | | | slope  | | | | | depth to ro | | | | |  Lyman, very bouldery----|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | slope | depth to ro | | | | depth to rock |  | | | | | 831D: | | | | |  Tunbridge, very | | | | |  bouldery---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope  | depth to rock | | depth to rock | |  | | | | |  Lyman, very bouldery----|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope  | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to ro | | | | | 831F: | | | | |  Tunbridge, very | | | | |  bouldery---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope  | depth to rock | | depth to rock | |  | | | | |  Lyman, very bouldery----|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope  | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to ro | | | | | 833C: | | | | |  Tunbridge, very | | | | |  bouldery---------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:  | depth to rock | slope | depth to rock | slope | frost actio | | depth to rock | | | slope  | | | | | depth to ro | | | | |  Adirondack, very | | | | |  bouldery---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | frost actio | cutbanks cave | | | |  | | | | |  | | | | |  Lyman, very bouldery----|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | slope | depth to ro | | | | depth to rock |  | | | | | 
Table 11.--Building Site Development--Continued ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |  Map symbol | Shallow | Dwellings | Dwellings | Small | Local road and soil name | excavations | without | with | commercial | and street | | basements | basements | buildings | _________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|____________ | | | | | 835C: | | | | |  Tunbridge, very | | | | |  bouldery---------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:  | depth to rock | slope | depth to rock | slope | frost actio | | depth to rock | | | slope  | | | | | depth to ro | | | | |  Borosaprists------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | excess humus | low strength | subsides | low strength | frost actio | ponding | subsides | ponding | subsides | subsides  | cutbanks cave | ponding | | ponding | ponding  | | | | |  Ricker, very bouldery---|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | excess humus | low strength | depth to rock | low strength | depth to ro | depth to rock | depth to rock | | slope |  | | | | depth to rock |  | | | | | 861C: | | | | |  Lyman-------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | slope | depth to ro | | | | depth to rock |  | | | | |  Ricker, very bouldery---|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | excess humus | low strength | depth to rock | low strength | depth to ro | depth to rock | depth to rock | | slope |  | | | | depth to rock |  | | | | | Rock outcrop, very | | | | |  bouldery---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | slope | depth to ro | | | | depth to rock |  | | | | | 861D: | | | | |  Lyman, very bouldery----|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope  | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to ro | | | | |  Ricker, very bouldery---|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | excess humus | low strength | slope | low strength | slope  | slope | slope | depth to rock | slope | depth to ro | depth to rock | depth to rock | | depth to rock |  | | | | |  Rock outcrop------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope  | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to ro | | | | | 
Table 11.--Building Site Development--Continued ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |  Map symbol | Shallow | Dwellings | Dwellings | Small | Local road and soil name | excavations | without | with | commercial | and street | | basements | basements | buildings | _________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|____________ | | | | | 861F: | | | | |  Lyman, very bouldery----|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope  | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to ro | | | | |  Ricker, very bouldery---|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | excess humus | low strength | slope | low strength | slope  | slope | slope | depth to rock | slope | depth to ro | depth to rock | depth to rock | | depth to rock |  | | | | |  Rock outcrop------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope  | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to ro | | | | | 891F: | | | | |  Rock outcrop------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope  | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to ro | | | | |  Ricker, very bouldery---|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | excess humus | low strength | slope | low strength | slope  | slope | slope | depth to rock | slope | depth to ro | depth to rock | depth to rock | | depth to rock |  | | | | |  Lyman, very bouldery----|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope  | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to ro | | | | | AaB: | | | | |  Adams, sand-------------|Severe: |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight  | cutbanks cave | | | |  | | | | | AaC: | | | | |  Adams, sand-------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate:  | cutbanks cave | slope | slope | slope | slope  | | | | | AaD: | | | | |  Adams, sand-------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope  | cutbanks cave | | | |  | | | | | AdB: | | | | |  Adams, loamy fine sand--|Severe: |Slight |Slight |Moderate: |Slight  | cutbanks cave | | | slope |  | | | | | 
Table 11.--Building Site Development--Continued ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |  Map symbol | Shallow | Dwellings | Dwellings | Small | Local road and soil name | excavations | without | with | commercial | and street | | basements | basements | buildings | _________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|____________ | | | | | AdC: | | | | |  Adams, loamy fine sand--|Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate:  | cutbanks cave | slope | slope | slope | slope  | | | | | Ak: | | | | |  Adjidaumo, silty clay---|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | frost actio | | | | | low strengt | | | | | wetness  | | | | | Am: | | | | |  Adjidaumo, mucky silty | | | | |  clay-------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding | frost actio | | | | | low strengt | | | | | ponding  | | | | | Ao: | | | | |  Adjidaumo, flooded------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | ponding | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding  | | ponding | ponding | ponding | low strengt | | | | | ponding  | | | | | Ap: | | | | |  Adjidaumo, silty clay, | | | | |  rocky------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | frost actio | | | | | low strengt | | | | | wetness  | | | | | ArC: | | | | |  Adjidaumo---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | frost actio | | | | | low strengt | | | | | wetness  | | | | |  Summerville-------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | slope | depth to ro | | | | depth to rock |  | | | | | BeB: | | | | |  Berkshire---------------|Slight |Slight |Slight |Moderate: |Moderate:  | | | | slope | frost actio | | | | |  | | | | | 
Table 11.--Building Site Development--Continued ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |  Map symbol | Shallow | Dwellings | Dwellings | Small | Local road and soil name | excavations | without | with | commercial | and street | | basements | basements | buildings | _________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|____________ | | | | | BgC: | | | | |  Berkshire, very | | | | |  bouldery---------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate:  | slope | slope | slope | slope | frost actio | | | | | slope  | | | | |  Lyme, very bouldery-----|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | wetness | wetness | wetness | slope | frost actio | | | | wetness | wetness  | | | | | BkC: | | | | |  Berkshire, very | | | | |  bouldery---------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate:  | slope | slope | slope | slope | frost actio | | | | | slope  | | | | |  Sunapee, very bouldery--|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:  | wetness | wetness | wetness | slope | frost actio | cutbanks cave | slope | | | slope  | | | | | wetness  | | | | | Bo: | | | | |  Borosaprists------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | excess humus | low strength | subsides | low strength | frost actio | ponding | subsides | ponding | subsides | subsides  | cutbanks cave | ponding | | ponding | ponding  | | | | |  Fluvaquents-------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | ponding | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding  | cutbanks cave | ponding | ponding | ponding | frost actio | | | | | ponding  | | | | | Ce: | | | | |  Carbondale, undrained---|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | excess humus | low strength | low strength | low strength | frost actio | ponding | subsides | subsides | subsides | subsides  | | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding  | | | | | CgB: | | | | |  Colton------------------|Severe: |Slight |Slight |Moderate: |Slight  | cutbanks cave | | | slope |  | | | | |  | | | | |  Duxbury-----------------|Severe: |Slight |Slight |Moderate: |Slight  | cutbanks cave | | | slope |  | | | | | 
Table 11.--Building Site Development--Continued ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |  Map symbol | Shallow | Dwellings | Dwellings | Small | Local road and soil name | excavations | without | with | commercial | and street | | basements | basements | buildings | _________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|____________ | | | | | CgC: | | | | |  Colton------------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate:  | cutbanks cave | slope | slope | slope | slope  | | | | |  | | | | |  Duxbury-----------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate:  | cutbanks cave | slope | slope | slope | slope  | | | | | CgD: | | | | |  Colton------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope  | cutbanks cave | | | |  | | | | |  | | | | |  Duxbury-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope  | cutbanks cave | | | |  | | | | | Ck: | | | | |  Cook--------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness  | cutbanks cave | | | |  | | | | | Cn: | | | | |  Cornish-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | wetness | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding  | cutbanks cave | wetness | wetness | wetness | frost actio | | | | | wetness  | | | | | Cp: | | | | |  Coveytown---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness  | cutbanks cave | | | |  | | | | | Cr: | | | | |  Coveytown, very stony---|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:  | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness  | | | | |  | | | | |  Cook, very stony--------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness  | cutbanks cave | | | |  | | | | | CsB: | | | | |  Crary-------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | frost actio | | | | | wetness  | | | | | 
Table 11.--Building Site Development--Continued ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |  Map symbol | Shallow | Dwellings | Dwellings | Small | Local road and soil name | excavations | without | with | commercial | and street | | basements | basements | buildings | _________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|____________ | | | | | CtB: | | | | |  Crary, very bouldery----|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | frost actio | | | | |  | | | | |  Potsdam, very bouldery--|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:  | wetness | wetness | wetness | slope | frost actio | | | | wetness | wetness  | | | | | CuB: | | | | |  Croghan, sand-----------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:  | wetness | wetness | wetness | slope | frost actio | cutbanks cave | | | wetness | wetness  | | | | | CvA: | | | | |  Croghan, loamy fine | | | | |  sand-------------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:  | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | frost actio | cutbanks cave | | | | wetness  | | | | | CvB: | | | | |  Croghan, loamy fine | | | | |  sand-------------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:  | wetness | wetness | wetness | slope | frost actio | cutbanks cave | | | wetness | wetness  | | | | | Da: | | | | |  Dawson------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | excess humus | low strength | subsides | low strength | frost actio | ponding | subsides | ponding | subsides | subsides  | cutbanks cave | ponding | | ponding | ponding  | | | | | DAM: | | | | |  Large dams. | | | | |  | | | | | Dd: | | | | |  Deford, loamy fine sand-|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding  | cutbanks cave | | | |  | | | | | Df: | | | | |  Deford, mucky loamy | | | | |  fine sand--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding  | cutbanks cave | | | |  | | | | | 
Table 11.--Building Site Development--Continued ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |  Map symbol | Shallow | Dwellings | Dwellings | Small | Local road and soil name | excavations | without | with | commercial | and street | | basements | basements | buildings | _________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|____________ | | | | | DpA: | | | | |  Depeyster---------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:  | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | frost actio | cutbanks cave | | | |  | | | | | DpB: | | | | |  Depeyster---------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:  | wetness | wetness | wetness | slope | frost actio | cutbanks cave | | | wetness |  | | | | | DpC: | | | | |  Depeyster---------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | wetness | slope | wetness | slope | frost actio | cutbanks cave | wetness | | |  | | | | | Dr: | | | | |  Dorval------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | excess humus | low strength | shrink-swell | low strength | frost actio | ponding | subsides | subsides | subsides | subsides  | | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding  | | | | | Du: | | | | |  Dune land---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope  | cutbanks cave | | | |  | | | | | EeB: | | | | |  Eelweir-----------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:  | wetness | wetness | wetness | slope | frost actio | cutbanks cave | | | wetness | wetness  | | | | | EmA: | | | | |  Elmwood-----------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:  | wetness | shrink-swell | wetness | shrink-swell | frost actio | | wetness | | wetness | low strengt | | | | | EmB: | | | | |  Elmwood-----------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:  | wetness | shrink-swell | wetness | shrink-swell | frost actio | | wetness | | slope | low strengt | | | | wetness |  | | | | | Fa: | | | | |  Fahey-------------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Slight  | small stones | wetness | wetness | wetness |  | cutbanks cave | | | |  | | | | | 
Table 11.--Building Site Development--Continued ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |  Map symbol | Shallow | Dwellings | Dwellings | Small | Local road and soil name | excavations | without | with | commercial | and street | | basements | basements | buildings | _________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|____________ | | | | | FkA: | | | | |  Flackville--------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:  | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | frost actio | cutbanks cave | | | | wetness  | | | | | FkB: | | | | |  Flackville--------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:  | wetness | wetness | wetness | slope | frost actio | cutbanks cave | | | wetness | wetness  | | | | | Fu: | | | | |  Fluvaquents, frequently | | | | |  flooded----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | ponding | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding  | cutbanks cave | ponding | ponding | ponding | frost actio | | | | | ponding  | | | | |  Udifluvents, frequently | | | | |  flooded----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | wetness | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding  | cutbanks cave | | wetness | |  | | | | | GrB: | | | | |  Grenville---------------|Moderate: |Slight |Slight |Moderate: |Moderate:  | dense layer | | | slope | frost actio | | | | | GrC: | | | | |  Grenville---------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate:  | slope | slope | slope | slope | frost actio | dense layer | | | | slope  | | | | | GsD: | | | | |  Grenville, very stony---|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope  | | | | | Gu: | | | | |  Guff--------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding | frost actio | depth to rock | | depth to rock | | low strengt | | | | | ponding  | | | | | HaA: | | | | |  Hailesboro--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | frost actio | | | | | wetness  | | | | | 
Table 11.--Building Site Development--Continued ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |  Map symbol | Shallow | Dwellings | Dwellings | Small | Local road and soil name | excavations | without | with | commercial | and street | | basements | basements | buildings | _________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|____________ | | | | | HaB: | | | | |  Hailesboro--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | frost actio | | | | | wetness  | | | | | Hc: | | | | |  Hannawa-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | frost actio | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | wetness  | | | | | depth to ro | | | | | HeB: | | | | |  Heuvelton---------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:  | wetness | shrink-swell | wetness | shrink-swell | frost actio | | wetness | | slope | low strengt | | | | wetness |  | | | | | HeC: | | | | |  Heuvelton, rolling------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | wetness | shrink-swell | wetness | slope | frost actio | | slope | | | low strengt | | wetness | | |  | | | | | HkE: | | | | |  Heuvelton---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | slope | slope | slope | slope | frost actio | wetness | | wetness | | low strengt | | | | | slope  | | | | |  Depeyster---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | slope | slope | slope | slope | frost actio | wetness | | wetness | | slope  | cutbanks cave | | | |  | | | | | HnA: | | | | |  Hogansburg--------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:  | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | frost actio | | | | | HnB: | | | | |  Hogansburg--------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:  | wetness | wetness | wetness | slope | frost actio | | | | wetness |  | | | | | HrB: | | | | |  Hogansburg, very stony--|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:  | wetness | wetness | wetness | slope | frost actio | | | | wetness |  | | | | | 
Table 11.--Building Site Development--Continued ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |  Map symbol | Shallow | Dwellings | Dwellings | Small | Local road and soil name | excavations | without | with | commercial | and street | | basements | basements | buildings | _________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|____________ | | | | | HrB: | | | | |  Grenville, very stony---|Moderate: |Slight |Slight |Moderate: |Moderate:  | dense layer | | | slope | frost actio | | | | |  | | | | | IaB: | | | | |  Insula------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to ro | | | | | InB: | | | | |  Insula------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to ro | | | | | IrC: | | | | |  Insula, rolling---------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to ro | | | | |  Rock outcrop------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | slope | depth to ro | | | | depth to rock |  | | | | | IrD: | | | | |  Insula, hilly-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to ro | | | | |  Rock outcrop------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope  | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to ro | | | | | KaA: | | | | |  Kalurah-----------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:  | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | frost actio | | | | | KaB: | | | | |  Kalurah-----------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:  | wetness | wetness | wetness | slope | frost actio | | | | wetness |  | | | | | KbB: | | | | |  Kalurah, very stony-----|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:  | wetness | wetness | wetness | slope | frost actio | | | | wetness |  | | | | |  | | | | |  Pyrities, very stony----|Moderate: |Slight |Slight |Moderate: |Moderate:  | dense layer | | | slope | frost actio | | | | |  | | | | | 
Table 11.--Building Site Development--Continued ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |  Map symbol | Shallow | Dwellings | Dwellings | Small | Local road and soil name | excavations | without | with | commercial | and street | | basements | basements | buildings | _________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|____________ | | | | | Lc: | | | | |  Lovewell----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | wetness | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding  | cutbanks cave | | wetness | | frost actio | | | | | Ld: | | | | |  Loxley------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | excess humus | low strength | low strength | low strength | frost actio | ponding | subsides | subsides | subsides | subsides  | | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding  | | | | | LeC: | | | | |  Lyman-------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | slope | depth to ro | | | | depth to rock |  | | | | |  Rock outcrop------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | slope | depth to ro | | | | depth to rock |  | | | | | LeD: | | | | |  Lyman, very bouldery----|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope  | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to ro | | | | |  Rock outcrop------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope  | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to ro | | | | | Lt: | | | | |  Lyme, very bouldery-----|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | frost actio | | | | | wetness  | | | | |  Tughill, very bouldery--|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding | frost actio | | | | | ponding  | | | | | MaA: | | | | |  Malone------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | frost actio | | | | | wetness  | | | | | MaB: | | | | |  Malone------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | frost actio | | | | | wetness  | | | | | 
Table 11.--Building Site Development--Continued ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |  Map symbol | Shallow | Dwellings | Dwellings | Small | Local road and soil name | excavations | without | with | commercial | and street | | basements | basements | buildings | _________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|____________ | | | | | MbB: | | | | |  Malone, very stony------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | frost actio | | | | | wetness  | | | | | MdB: | | | | |  Malone, undulating------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | frost actio | | | | | wetness  | | | | |  Adjidaumo---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | frost actio | | | | | low strengt | | | | | wetness  | | | | | MeB: | | | | |  Malone, very stony------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | frost actio | | | | | wetness  | | | | |  Adjidaumo---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | frost actio | | | | | low strengt | | | | | wetness  | | | | | MfA: | | | | |  Matoon------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | frost actio | depth to rock | | depth to rock | | low strengt | | | | | wetness  | | | | | MfB: | | | | |  Matoon------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | frost actio | depth to rock | | depth to rock | | low strengt | | | | | wetness  | | | | | Mh: | | | | |  Mino--------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | frost actio | | | | | wetness  | | | | | Mn: | | | | |  Munuscong---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | ponding | ponding | shrink-swell | ponding | frost actio | | | ponding | | ponding  | | | | | 
Table 11.--Building Site Development--Continued ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |  Map symbol | Shallow | Dwellings | Dwellings | Small | Local road and soil name | excavations | without | with | commercial | and street | | basements | basements | buildings | _________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|____________ | | | | | MsA: | | | | |  Muskellunge-------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | frost actio | | | | | low strengt | | | | | wetness  | | | | | MsB: | | | | |  Muskellunge-------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | frost actio | | | | | low strengt | | | | | wetness  | | | | | MuB: | | | | |  Muskellunge-------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | frost actio | | | | | low strengt | | | | | wetness  | | | | | MwB: | | | | |  Muskellunge, undulating-|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | frost actio | | | | | low strengt | | | | | wetness  | | | | |  Adjidaumo---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | frost actio | | | | | low strengt | | | | | wetness  | | | | | Na: | | | | |  Naumburg----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness  | cutbanks cave | | | |  | | | | | NhA: | | | | |  Nehasne-----------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:  | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | frost actio | | | | | depth to ro | | | | | NhB: | | | | |  Nehasne-----------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:  | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | slope | frost actio | | | | depth to rock | depth to ro | | | | | 
Table 11.--Building Site Development--Continued ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |  Map symbol | Shallow | Dwellings | Dwellings | Small | Local road and soil name | excavations | without | with | commercial | and street | | basements | basements | buildings | _________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|____________ | | | | | NhC: | | | | |  Nehasne-----------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:  | depth to rock | slope | depth to rock | slope | frost actio | | depth to rock | | | slope  | | | | | depth to ro | | | | | NoA: | | | | |  Nicholville-------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | wetness | frost action | wetness | frost action | frost actio | | | | | NoB: | | | | |  Nicholville-------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | wetness | frost action | wetness | frost action | frost actio | | | | | NoC: | | | | |  Nicholville, rolling----|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | wetness | frost action | wetness | frost action | frost actio | | | | slope |  | | | | | NrB: | | | | |  Nicholville-------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | wetness | frost action | wetness | frost action | frost actio | | | | | OgA: | | | | |  Ogdensburg--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | frost actio | depth to rock | | depth to rock | | wetness  | | | | | OgB: | | | | |  Ogdensburg--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | frost actio | depth to rock | | depth to rock | | wetness  | | | | | Pg: | | | | |  Pits, gravel and sand---|Severe: |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight  | cutbanks cave | | | |  | | | | |  | | | | |  | | | | | Ph: | | | | |  Pits, quarry------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to ro | | | | | 
Table 11.--Building Site Development--Continued ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |  Map symbol | Shallow | Dwellings | Dwellings | Small | Local road and soil name | excavations | without | with | commercial | and street | | basements | basements | buildings | _________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|____________ | | | | | PmC: | | | | |  Potsdam-----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate:  | slope | slope | slope | slope | frost actio | wetness | wetness | wetness | | slope  | dense layer | | | | wetness  | | | | | PoC: | | | | |  Potsdam, very bouldery--|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope  | wetness | | wetness | |  | | | | |  Tunbridge, very | | | | |  bouldery---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope  | depth to rock | | depth to rock | |  | | | | | PoD: | | | | |  Potsdam, very bouldery--|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope  | wetness | | wetness | |  | | | | |  Tunbridge, very | | | | |  bouldery---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope  | depth to rock | | depth to rock | |  | | | | | PpD: | | | | |  Potsdam, very bouldery--|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope  | wetness | | wetness | |  | | | | |  Berkshire, very | | | | |  bouldery---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope  | | | | | PsC: | | | | |  Potsdam, very bouldery--|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:  | wetness | slope | wetness | slope | frost actio | | wetness | | | slope  | | | | | wetness  | | | | |  Crary, very bouldery----|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | wetness | wetness | wetness | slope | frost actio | | | | wetness |  | | | | |  | | | | | 
Table 11.--Building Site Development--Continued ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |  Map symbol | Shallow | Dwellings | Dwellings | Small | Local road and soil name | excavations | without | with | commercial | and street | | basements | basements | buildings | _________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|____________ | | | | | PvB: | | | | |  Pyrities----------------|Moderate: |Slight |Slight |Moderate: |Moderate:  | dense layer | | | slope | frost actio | | | | | PvC: | | | | |  Pyrities----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate:  | slope | slope | slope | slope | frost actio | dense layer | | | | slope  | | | | | PxD: | | | | |  Pyrities, very stony----|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope  | | | | | PyB: | | | | |  Pyrities, rocky---------|Moderate: |Slight |Slight |Moderate: |Moderate:  | dense layer | | | slope | frost actio | | | | | PyC: | | | | |  Pyrities, rocky---------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate:  | slope | slope | slope | slope | frost actio | dense layer | | | | slope  | | | | | PzC: | | | | |  Pyrities, very stony----|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate:  | slope | slope | slope | slope | frost actio | dense layer | | | | slope  | | | | |  | | | | |  Kalurah, very stony-----|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | wetness | slope | wetness | slope | frost actio | | wetness | | |  | | | | |  | | | | | QwB: | | | | |  Quetico-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to ro | | | | |  Rock outcrop------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to ro | | | | |  Insula------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to ro | | | | | RaA: | | | | |  Raquette----------------|Severe: |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight  | cutbanks cave | | | |  | | | | | 
Table 11.--Building Site Development--Continued ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |  Map symbol | Shallow | Dwellings | Dwellings | Small | Local road and soil name | excavations | without | with | commercial | and street | | basements | basements | buildings | _________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|____________ | | | | | RaB: | | | | |  Raquette----------------|Severe: |Slight |Slight |Moderate: |Slight  | cutbanks cave | | | slope |  | | | | | RaC: | | | | |  Raquette----------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate:  | cutbanks cave | slope | slope | slope | slope  | | | | |  | | | | | Rd: | | | | |  Redwater----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | wetness | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding  | cutbanks cave | wetness | wetness | wetness | frost actio | | | | | wetness  | | | | | RoA: | | | | |  Roundabout--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | frost actio | | | | | wetness  | | | | | RoB: | | | | |  Roundabout--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | frost actio | | | | | wetness  | | | | | Rt: | | | | |  Runeberg----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | frost actio | | | | | wetness  | | | | | Ru: | | | | |  Runeberg, very stony----|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | frost actio | | | | | wetness  | | | | | SaB: | | | | |  Salmon------------------|Slight |Slight |Slight |Moderate: |Severe:  | | | | slope | frost actio | | | | | SaC: | | | | |  Salmon, rolling---------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe:  | slope | slope | slope | slope | frost actio | | | | | 
Table 11.--Building Site Development--Continued ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |  Map symbol | Shallow | Dwellings | Dwellings | Small | Local road and soil name | excavations | without | with | commercial | and street | | basements | basements | buildings | _________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|____________ | | | | | Se: | | | | |  Searsport---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding  | cutbanks cave | | | |  | | | | |  | | | | | Sg: | | | | |  Stockholm---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | low strengt | cutbanks cave | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | wetness  | depth to rock | | | | depth to ro | | | | | ShB: | | | | |  Summerville-------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to ro | | | | | SkB: | | | | |  Summerville, rocky------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to ro | | | | |  Gouverneur--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to ro | | | | | SlD: | | | | |  Summerville, hilly------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope  | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to ro | | | | |  Rock outcrop------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope  | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to ro | | | | | SmC: | | | | |  Summerville, rolling----|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | slope | depth to ro | | | | depth to rock |  | | | | |  Rock outcrop------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | slope | depth to ro | | | | depth to rock |  | | | | |  Nehasne, rolling--------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:  | depth to rock | slope | depth to rock | slope | frost actio | | depth to rock | | | slope  | | | | | depth to ro | | | | | 
Table 11.--Building Site Development--Continued ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |  Map symbol | Shallow | Dwellings | Dwellings | Small | Local road and soil name | excavations | without | with | commercial | and street | | basements | basements | buildings | _________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|____________ | | | | | SpB: | | | | |  Sunapee-----------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:  | wetness | wetness | wetness | slope | frost actio | cutbanks cave | | | wetness | wetness  | | | | | SsB: | | | | |  Sunapee, very bouldery--|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:  | wetness | wetness | wetness | slope | frost actio | cutbanks cave | | | wetness | wetness  | | | | |  | | | | |  Berkshire, very | | | | |  bouldery---------------|Slight |Slight |Slight |Moderate: |Moderate:  | | | | slope | frost actio | | | | | Sw: | | | | |  Swanton-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | frost actio | | | | | low strengt | | | | | wetness  | | | | | TdA: | | | | |  Trout River-------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate:  | cutbanks cave | large stones | large stones | large stones | large stone | | | | | TdB: | | | | |  Trout River-------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate:  | cutbanks cave | large stones | large stones | large stones | large stone | | | | slope |  | | | | | TfB: | | | | |  Trout River, very stony-|Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate:  | cutbanks cave | large stones | large stones | large stones | large stone | | | | slope |  | | | | |  Fahey, very stony-------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:  | wetness | large stones | wetness | large stones | large stone | cutbanks cave | wetness | | slope | wetness  | | | | wetness |  | | | | | TuD: | | | | |  Tunbridge---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope  | depth to rock | | depth to rock | |  | | | | | 
Table 11.--Building Site Development--Continued ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |  Map symbol | Shallow | Dwellings | Dwellings | Small | Local road and soil name | excavations | without | with | commercial | and street | | basements | basements | buildings | _________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|____________ | | | | | TuD: | | | | |  Lyman-------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope  | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to ro | | | | | TwC: | | | | |  Tunbridge, rolling------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:  | depth to rock | slope | depth to rock | slope | frost actio | | depth to rock | | | slope  | | | | | depth to ro | | | | |  Lyman, rolling----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | slope | depth to ro | | | | depth to rock |  | | | | |  Dawson------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | excess humus | low strength | subsides | low strength | frost actio | ponding | subsides | ponding | subsides | subsides  | cutbanks cave | ponding | | ponding | ponding  | | | | | Ua: | | | | |  Udipsamments, smoothed. | | | | |  | | | | | Ue: | | | | |  Udorthents, loamy. | | | | |  | | | | | Uf: | | | | |  Udorthents, clayey. | | | | |  | | | | | Ug: | | | | |  Udorthents, mine waste, | | | | |  acid. | | | | |  | | | | | Uh: | | | | |  Udorthents, mine waste, | | | | |  nonacid. | | | | |  | | | | | Un: | | | | |  Udorthents, refuse | | | | |  substratum. | | | | |  | | | | | Ur: | | | | |  Urban land--------------|Variable |Variable |Variable |Variable |Variable  | | | | | 
Table 11.--Building Site Development--Continued ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |  Map symbol | Shallow | Dwellings | Dwellings | Small | Local road and soil name | excavations | without | with | commercial | and street | | basements | basements | buildings | _________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|____________ | | | | | W: | | | | |  Water. | | | | |  | | | | | WaA: | | | | |  Waddington--------------|Severe: |Slight |Slight |Slight |Moderate:  | cutbanks cave | | | | frost actio | | | | |  | | | | | WaB: | | | | |  Waddington--------------|Severe: |Slight |Slight |Moderate: |Moderate:  | cutbanks cave | | | slope | frost actio | | | | |  | | | | | WaC: | | | | |  Waddington, rolling-----|Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate:  | cutbanks cave | slope | slope | slope | frost actio | | | | | slope  | | | | | WaD: | | | | |  Waddington--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope  | cutbanks cave | | | |  | | | | |  | | | | | WdB: | | | | |  Waddington, very cobbly | | | | |  sandy loam-------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate:  | cutbanks cave | large stones | large stones | large stones | frost actio | | | | slope | large stone | | | | | Wg: | | | | |  Wegatchie---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | frost actio | | | | | low strengt | | | | | wetness _________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|____________
444 Soil Survey

Table 12.--Sanitary Facilities

(The information in this table indicates the dominant soil condition but does not eliminate the need

 for onsite investigation. See text for definitions of terms used in this table. Absence of an

 entry indicates that no rating is applicable.)

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Septic tank | Sewage lagoon |Trench sanitary| Area sanitary | Daily cover

 and soil name | absorption | areas | landfill | landfill | for landfill

 | fields | | | |

________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________

 | | | | |

021: | | | | |

 Dawson-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | excess humus | excess humus | seepage | excess humus

 | subsides | seepage | seepage | ponding | ponding

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | |

 | | | | |

 Fluvaquents------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding | small stones

 | percs slowly | seepage | seepage | seepage | too sandy

 | ponding | ponding | depth to rock | ponding | ponding

 | | | | |

 Loxley-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | excess humus | excess humus | seepage | excess humus

 | subsides | seepage | seepage | ponding | too acid

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | | ponding

 | | | | |

023: | | | | |

 Loxley-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | excess humus | excess humus | seepage | excess humus

 | subsides | seepage | seepage | ponding | too acid

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | | ponding

 | | | | |

 Dawson-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | excess humus | excess humus | seepage | excess humus

 | subsides | seepage | seepage | ponding | ponding

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | |

 | | | | |

363A: | | | | |

 Adams------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | poor filter | seepage | seepage | seepage | seepage

 | | | too sandy | | too sandy

 | | | | |

363B: | | | | |

 Adams------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | poor filter | seepage | seepage | seepage | seepage

 | | slope | too sandy | | too sandy

 | | | | |

363D: | | | | |

 Adams------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | slope | seepage | seepage | seepage | seepage

 | poor filter | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | | | too sandy | | too sandy

 | | | | |

365: | | | | |

 Naumburg---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness | seepage | seepage | seepage | seepage

 | poor filter | wetness | too sandy | wetness | too sandy

 | | | wetness | | wetness

 | | | | |

 Croghan----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness | seepage | seepage | seepage | seepage

 | poor filter | wetness | too sandy | wetness | too sandy

 | | | wetness | |

 | | | | |

376A: | | | | |

 Colton-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | poor filter | seepage | seepage | seepage | seepage

 | | | too sandy | | small stones

 | | | | | too sandy

 | | | | |
St. Lawrence County, New York 445

Table 12.--Sanitary Facilities--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Septic tank | Sewage lagoon |Trench sanitary| Area sanitary | Daily cover

 and soil name | absorption | areas | landfill | landfill | for landfill

 | fields | | | |

________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________

 | | | | |

376A: | | | | |

 Duxbury----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | poor filter | seepage | seepage | seepage | seepage

 | | | too sandy | | small stones

 | | | | | too sandy

 | | | | |

 Adams------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | poor filter | seepage | seepage | seepage | seepage

 | | | too sandy | | too sandy

 | | | | |

376C: | | | | |

 Colton-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | poor filter | seepage | seepage | seepage | seepage

 | | slope | too sandy | | small stones

 | | | | | too sandy

 | | | | |

 Duxbury----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | poor filter | seepage | seepage | seepage | seepage

 | | slope | too sandy | | small stones

 | | | | | too sandy

 | | | | |

 Adams------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | poor filter | seepage | seepage | seepage | seepage

 | | slope | too sandy | | too sandy

 | | | | |

376D: | | | | |

 Colton-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | slope | seepage | seepage | seepage | seepage

 | poor filter | slope | slope | slope | small stones

 | | | too sandy | | too sandy

 | | | | |

 Duxbury----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | slope | seepage | seepage | seepage | seepage

 | poor filter | slope | slope | slope | small stones

 | | | too sandy | | too sandy

 | | | | |

 Adams------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | slope | seepage | seepage | seepage | seepage

 | poor filter | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | | | too sandy | | too sandy

 | | | | |

380B: | | | | |

 Colton-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | poor filter | seepage | seepage | seepage | seepage

 | | slope | too sandy | | small stones

 | | | | | too sandy

 | | | | |

 Duxbury----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | poor filter | seepage | seepage | seepage | seepage

 | | slope | too sandy | | small stones

 | | | | | too sandy

 | | | | |

 Dawson-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | excess humus | excess humus | seepage | excess humus

 | subsides | seepage | seepage | ponding | ponding

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | |

 | | | | |

380D: | | | | |

 Colton-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | slope | seepage | seepage | seepage | seepage

 | poor filter | slope | slope | slope | small stones

 | | | too sandy | | too sandy

 | | | | |
446 Soil Survey

Table 12.--Sanitary Facilities--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Septic tank | Sewage lagoon |Trench sanitary| Area sanitary | Daily cover

 and soil name | absorption | areas | landfill | landfill | for landfill

 | fields | | | |

________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________

 | | | | |

380D: | | | | |

 Duxbury----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | slope | seepage | seepage | seepage | seepage

 | poor filter | slope | slope | slope | small stones

 | | | too sandy | | too sandy

 | | | | |

 Dawson-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | excess humus | excess humus | seepage | excess humus

 | subsides | seepage | seepage | ponding | ponding

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | |

 | | | | |

643C: | | | | |

 Berkshire, very | | | | |

 bouldery--------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Fair:

 | percs slowly | seepage | seepage | seepage | slope

 | slope | slope | | | small stones

 | | | | |

643D: | | | | |

 Berkshire, very | | | | |

 bouldery--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | slope | seepage | seepage | seepage | slope

 | | slope | slope | slope |

 | | | | |

644C: | | | | |

 Berkshire, rolling, | | | | |

 very bouldery---------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Fair:

 | percs slowly | seepage | seepage | seepage | slope

 | slope | slope | | | small stones

 | | | | |

 Lyme, very bouldery----|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness | seepage | seepage | seepage | wetness

 | | slope | wetness | wetness |

 | | wetness | | |

 | | | | |

644D: | | | | |

 Berkshire, hilly, very | | | | |

 bouldery--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | slope | seepage | seepage | seepage | slope

 | | slope | slope | slope |

 | | | | |

 Lyme, very bouldery----|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness | seepage | seepage | seepage | wetness

 | | slope | wetness | wetness |

 | | wetness | | |

 | | | | |

709B: | | | | |

 Adirondack, very | | | | |

 bouldery--------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | large stones | wetness | wetness | small stones

 | wetness | seepage | too acid | | wetness

 | | slope | | |

 | | | | |

 Tughill, very bouldery-|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | ponding | large stones | ponding | small stones

 | ponding | | too acid | | ponding

 | | | ponding | |

 | | | | |

 Lyme, very bouldery----|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness | seepage | seepage | seepage | wetness

 | | wetness | wetness | wetness |

 | | | | |
St. Lawrence County, New York 447

Table 12.--Sanitary Facilities--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Septic tank | Sewage lagoon |Trench sanitary| Area sanitary | Daily cover

 and soil name | absorption | areas | landfill | landfill | for landfill

 | fields | | | |

________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________

 | | | | |

741C: | | | | |

 Potsdam, very bouldery-|Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | slope | slope | slope | small stones

 | wetness | | wetness | wetness |

 | | | | |

 Tunbridge, very | | | | |

 bouldery--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | depth to rock | seepage | seepage | seepage | depth to rock

 | | slope | depth to rock | depth to rock |

 | | depth to rock | | |

 | | | | |

 Crary, very bouldery---|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | slope | wetness | wetness | small stones

 | wetness | | | | wetness

 | | | | |

741D: | | | | |

 Potsdam, very bouldery-|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | slope | | | | small stones

 | wetness | | | |

 | | | | |

 Tunbridge, very | | | | |

 bouldery--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | slope | seepage | seepage | seepage | slope

 | depth to rock | slope | slope | slope | depth to rock

 | | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock |

 | | | | |

743C: | | | | |

 Potsdam, very bouldery-|Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | slope | slope | slope | small stones

 | wetness | | wetness | wetness |

 | | | | |

743D: | | | | |

 Potsdam, very bouldery-|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | slope | | | | small stones

 | wetness | | | |

 | | | | |

745C: | | | | |

 Crary, very bouldery---|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | slope | wetness | wetness | small stones

 | wetness | | | | wetness

 | | | | |

 Potsdam, very bouldery-|Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | slope | slope | slope | small stones

 | wetness | | wetness | wetness |

 | | | | |

747B: | | | | |

 Crary, very bouldery---|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | seepage | wetness | wetness | small stones

 | wetness | slope | | | wetness

 | | | | |

 Adirondack, very | | | | |

 bouldery--------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | large stones | wetness | wetness | small stones

 | wetness | seepage | too acid | | wetness

 | | slope | | |

 | | | | |

807: | | | | |

 Udorthents, mine | | | | |

 waste. | | | | |

 | | | | |
448 Soil Survey

Table 12.--Sanitary Facilities--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Septic tank | Sewage lagoon |Trench sanitary| Area sanitary | Daily cover

 and soil name | absorption | areas | landfill | landfill | for landfill

 | fields | | | |

________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________

 | | | | |

831C: | | | | |

 Tunbridge, very | | | | |

 bouldery--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | depth to rock | seepage | seepage | seepage | depth to rock

 | | slope | depth to rock | depth to rock |

 | | depth to rock | | |

 | | | | |

 Lyman, very bouldery---|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | depth to rock | slope | depth to rock | seepage | depth to rock

 | | depth to rock | | depth to rock |

 | | | | |

831D: | | | | |

 Tunbridge, very | | | | |

 bouldery--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | slope | seepage | seepage | seepage | slope

 | depth to rock | slope | slope | slope | depth to rock

 | | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock |

 | | | | |

 Lyman, very bouldery---|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | slope | slope | slope | seepage | slope

 | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | slope | depth to rock

 | | | | depth to rock |

 | | | | |

831F: | | | | |

 Tunbridge, very | | | | |

 bouldery--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | slope | seepage | seepage | seepage | slope

 | depth to rock | slope | slope | slope | depth to rock

 | | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock |

 | | | | |

 Lyman, very bouldery---|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | slope | slope | slope | seepage | slope

 | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | slope | depth to rock

 | | | | depth to rock |

 | | | | |

833C: | | | | |

 Tunbridge, very | | | | |

 bouldery--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | depth to rock | seepage | seepage | seepage | depth to rock

 | | slope | depth to rock | depth to rock |

 | | depth to rock | | |

 | | | | |

 Adirondack, very | | | | |

 bouldery--------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | large stones | wetness | wetness | small stones

 | wetness | seepage | too acid | | wetness

 | | slope | | |

 | | | | |

 Lyman, very bouldery---|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | depth to rock | slope | depth to rock | seepage | depth to rock

 | | depth to rock | | depth to rock |

 | | | | |

835C: | | | | |

 Tunbridge, very | | | | |

 bouldery--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | depth to rock | seepage | seepage | seepage | depth to rock

 | | slope | depth to rock | depth to rock |

 | | depth to rock | | |

 | | | | |

 Borosaprists-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | excess humus | excess humus | seepage | excess humus

 | subsides | seepage | seepage | ponding | ponding

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | |

 | | | | |
St. Lawrence County, New York 449

Table 12.--Sanitary Facilities--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Septic tank | Sewage lagoon |Trench sanitary| Area sanitary | Daily cover

 and soil name | absorption | areas | landfill | landfill | for landfill

 | fields | | | |

________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________

 | | | | |

835C: | | | | |

 Ricker, very bouldery--|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | depth to rock | excess humus | excess humus | depth to rock | area reclaim

 | | slope | depth to rock | | excess humus

 | | depth to rock | | |

 | | | | |

861C: | | | | |

 Lyman------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | depth to rock | slope | depth to rock | seepage | depth to rock

 | | depth to rock | | depth to rock |

 | | | | |

 Ricker, very bouldery--|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | depth to rock | excess humus | excess humus | depth to rock | area reclaim

 | | slope | depth to rock | | excess humus

 | | depth to rock | | |

 | | | | |

 Rock outcrop, very | | | | |

 bouldery--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | depth to rock | slope | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock

 | | depth to rock | | |

 | | | | |

861D: | | | | |

 Lyman, very bouldery---|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | slope | slope | slope | seepage | slope

 | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | slope | depth to rock

 | | | | depth to rock |

 | | | | |

 Ricker, very bouldery--|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | slope | excess humus | excess humus | slope | area reclaim

 | depth to rock | slope | slope | depth to rock | excess humus

 | | depth to rock | depth to rock | | slope

 | | | | |

 Rock outcrop-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock

 | | | | |

861F: | | | | |

 Lyman, very bouldery---|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | slope | slope | slope | seepage | slope

 | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | slope | depth to rock

 | | | | depth to rock |

 | | | | |

 Ricker, very bouldery--|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | slope | excess humus | excess humus | slope | area reclaim

 | depth to rock | slope | slope | depth to rock | excess humus

 | | depth to rock | depth to rock | | slope

 | | | | |

 Rock outcrop-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock

 | | | | |

891F: | | | | |

 Rock outcrop-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock

 | | | | |

 Ricker, very bouldery--|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | slope | excess humus | excess humus | slope | area reclaim

 | depth to rock | slope | slope | depth to rock | excess humus

 | | depth to rock | depth to rock | | slope

 | | | | |
450 Soil Survey

Table 12.--Sanitary Facilities--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Septic tank | Sewage lagoon |Trench sanitary| Area sanitary | Daily cover

 and soil name | absorption | areas | landfill | landfill | for landfill

 | fields | | | |

________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________

 | | | | |

891F: | | | | |

 Lyman, very bouldery---|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | slope | slope | slope | seepage | slope

 | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | slope | depth to rock

 | | | | depth to rock |

 | | | | |

AaB: | | | | |

 Adams, sand------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | poor filter | seepage | seepage | seepage | seepage

 | | | too sandy | | too sandy

 | | | | |

AaC: | | | | |

 Adams, sand------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | poor filter | seepage | seepage | seepage | seepage

 | | slope | too sandy | | too sandy

 | | | | |

AaD: | | | | |

 Adams, sand------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | slope | seepage | seepage | seepage | seepage

 | poor filter | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | | | too sandy | | too sandy

 | | | | |

AdB: | | | | |

 Adams, loamy fine sand-|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | poor filter | seepage | seepage | seepage | seepage

 | | | too sandy | | too sandy

 | | | | |

AdC: | | | | |

 Adams, loamy fine sand-|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | poor filter | seepage | seepage | seepage | seepage

 | | slope | too sandy | | too sandy

 | | | | |

Ak: | | | | |

 Adjidaumo, silty clay--|Severe: |Slight |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | | too clayey | wetness | hard to pack

 | wetness | | wetness | | too clayey

 | | | | | wetness

 | | | | |

Am: | | | | |

 Adjidaumo, mucky silty | | | | |

 clay------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | ponding | too clayey | ponding | hard to pack

 | ponding | | ponding | | too clayey

 | | | | | ponding

 | | | | |

Ao: | | | | |

 Adjidaumo, flooded-----|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding | hard to pack

 | percs slowly | ponding | too clayey | ponding | too clayey

 | ponding | | ponding | | ponding

 | | | | |

Ap: | | | | |

 Adjidaumo, silty clay, | | | | |

 rocky-----------------|Severe: |Slight |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | | too clayey | wetness | hard to pack

 | wetness | | wetness | | too clayey

 | | | | | wetness

 | | | | |

ArC: | | | | |

 Adjidaumo--------------|Severe: |Slight |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | | too clayey | wetness | hard to pack

 | wetness | | wetness | | too clayey

 | | | | | wetness

 | | | | |
St. Lawrence County, New York 451

Table 12.--Sanitary Facilities--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Septic tank | Sewage lagoon |Trench sanitary| Area sanitary | Daily cover

 and soil name | absorption | areas | landfill | landfill | for landfill

 | fields | | | |

________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________

 | | | | |

ArC: | | | | |

 Summerville------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | depth to rock | slope | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock

 | | depth to rock | | |

 | | | | |

BeB: | | | | |

 Berkshire--------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | seepage | seepage | seepage | small stones

 | | | | |

BgC: | | | | |

 Berkshire, very | | | | |

 bouldery--------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Fair:

 | percs slowly | seepage | seepage | seepage | slope

 | slope | slope | | | small stones

 | | | | |

 Lyme, very bouldery----|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness | seepage | seepage | seepage | wetness

 | | slope | wetness | wetness |

 | | wetness | | |

 | | | | |

BkC: | | | | |

 Berkshire, very | | | | |

 bouldery--------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Fair:

 | percs slowly | seepage | seepage | seepage | slope

 | slope | slope | | | small stones

 | | | | |

 Sunapee, very bouldery-|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Fair:

 | wetness | seepage | seepage | seepage | slope

 | | slope | wetness | wetness | small stones

 | | wetness | | | wetness

 | | | | |

Bo: | | | | |

 Borosaprists-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | excess humus | excess humus | seepage | excess humus

 | subsides | seepage | seepage | ponding | ponding

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | |

 | | | | |

 Fluvaquents------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding | small stones

 | percs slowly | seepage | seepage | seepage | too sandy

 | ponding | ponding | depth to rock | ponding | ponding

 | | | | |

Ce: | | | | |

 Carbondale, undrained--|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | excess humus | excess humus | seepage | excess humus

 | subsides | seepage | seepage | ponding | ponding

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | |

 | | | | |

CgB: | | | | |

 Colton-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | poor filter | seepage | seepage | seepage | seepage

 | | | too sandy | | small stones

 | | | | | too sandy

 | | | | |

 Duxbury----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | poor filter | seepage | seepage | seepage | seepage

 | | | too sandy | | small stones

 | | | | | too sandy

 | | | | |
452 Soil Survey

Table 12.--Sanitary Facilities--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Septic tank | Sewage lagoon |Trench sanitary| Area sanitary | Daily cover

 and soil name | absorption | areas | landfill | landfill | for landfill

 | fields | | | |

________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________

 | | | | |

CgC: | | | | |

 Colton-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | poor filter | seepage | seepage | seepage | seepage

 | | slope | too sandy | | small stones

 | | | | | too sandy

 | | | | |

 Duxbury----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | poor filter | seepage | seepage | seepage | seepage

 | | slope | too sandy | | small stones

 | | | | | too sandy

 | | | | |

CgD: | | | | |

 Colton-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | slope | seepage | seepage | seepage | seepage

 | poor filter | slope | slope | slope | small stones

 | | | too sandy | | too sandy

 | | | | |

 Duxbury----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | slope | seepage | seepage | seepage | seepage

 | poor filter | slope | slope | slope | small stones

 | | | too sandy | | too sandy

 | | | | |

Ck: | | | | |

 Cook-------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | seepage | wetness | seepage | small stones

 | wetness | wetness | | wetness | wetness

 | poor filter | | | |

 | | | | |

Cn: | | | | |

 Cornish----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding | wetness

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness |

 | | | | |

Cp: | | | | |

 Coveytown--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | seepage | wetness | seepage | small stones

 | wetness | wetness | | wetness | wetness

 | poor filter | | | |

 | | | | |

Cr: | | | | |

 Coveytown, very stony--|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | | | | |

 Cook, very stony-------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | seepage | wetness | seepage | small stones

 | wetness | wetness | | wetness | wetness

 | poor filter | | | |

 | | | | |

CsB: | | | | |

 Crary------------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | seepage | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | wetness | slope | | |

 | | | | |

CtB: | | | | |

 Crary, very bouldery---|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | seepage | wetness | wetness | small stones

 | wetness | slope | | | wetness

 | | | | |

 Potsdam, very bouldery-|Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | seepage | wetness | wetness | small stones

 | wetness | slope | | |

 | | | | |
St. Lawrence County, New York 453

Table 12.--Sanitary Facilities--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Septic tank | Sewage lagoon |Trench sanitary| Area sanitary | Daily cover

 and soil name | absorption | areas | landfill | landfill | for landfill

 | fields | | | |

________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________

 | | | | |

CuB: | | | | |

 Croghan, sand----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness | seepage | seepage | seepage | seepage

 | poor filter | wetness | too sandy | wetness | too sandy

 | | | wetness | |

 | | | | |

CvA: | | | | |

 Croghan, loamy fine | | | | |

 sand------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness | seepage | seepage | seepage | seepage

 | poor filter | wetness | too sandy | wetness | too sandy

 | | | wetness | |

 | | | | |

CvB: | | | | |

 Croghan, loamy fine | | | | |

 sand------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness | seepage | seepage | seepage | seepage

 | poor filter | wetness | too sandy | wetness | too sandy

 | | | wetness | |

 | | | | |

Da: | | | | |

 Dawson-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | excess humus | excess humus | seepage | excess humus

 | subsides | seepage | seepage | ponding | ponding

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | |

 | | | | |

DAM: | | | | |

 Large dams. | | | | |

 | | | | |

Dd: | | | | |

 Deford, loamy fine | | | | |

 sand------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | ponding | seepage | seepage | seepage | seepage

 | poor filter | ponding | too sandy | ponding | too sandy

 | | | ponding | | ponding

 | | | | |

Df: | | | | |

 Deford, mucky loamy | | | | |

 fine sand-------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | ponding | seepage | seepage | seepage | seepage

 | poor filter | ponding | too sandy | ponding | too sandy

 | | | ponding | | ponding

 | | | | |

DpA: | | | | |

 Depeyster--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Fair:

 | percs slowly | wetness | too sandy | wetness | too clayey

 | wetness | | wetness | | too sandy

 | | | | |

DpB: | | | | |

 Depeyster--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Fair:

 | percs slowly | wetness | too sandy | wetness | too clayey

 | wetness | | wetness | | too sandy

 | | | | |

DpC: | | | | |

 Depeyster--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Fair:

 | percs slowly | slope | too sandy | wetness | slope

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | | too clayey

 | | | | | too sandy

 | | | | |
454 Soil Survey

Table 12.--Sanitary Facilities--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Septic tank | Sewage lagoon |Trench sanitary| Area sanitary | Daily cover

 and soil name | absorption | areas | landfill | landfill | for landfill

 | fields | | | |

________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________

 | | | | |

Dr: | | | | |

 Dorval-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | excess humus | too clayey | seepage | hard to pack

 | subsides | seepage | ponding | ponding | too clayey

 | ponding | ponding | | | ponding

 | | | | |

Du: | | | | |

 Dune land--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | slope | seepage | seepage | seepage | seepage

 | poor filter | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | | | too sandy | | too sandy

 | | | | |

EeB: | | | | |

 Eelweir----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness | seepage | seepage | seepage | too sandy

 | poor filter | wetness | too sandy | wetness |

 | | | wetness | |

 | | | | |

EmA: | | | | |

 Elmwood----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | seepage | too clayey | seepage | hard to pack

 | wetness | | wetness | | too clayey

 | | | | |

EmB: | | | | |

 Elmwood----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | seepage | too clayey | seepage | hard to pack

 | wetness | | wetness | | too clayey

 | | | | |

Fa: | | | | |

 Fahey------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness | seepage | seepage | seepage | area reclaim

 | poor filter | wetness | wetness | wetness | thin layer

 | | | | |

FkA: | | | | |

 Flackville-------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | seepage | too clayey | seepage | too clayey

 | wetness | | wetness | |

 | poor filter | | | |

 | | | | |

FkB: | | | | |

 Flackville-------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | seepage | too clayey | seepage | too clayey

 | wetness | | wetness | |

 | poor filter | | | |

 | | | | |

Fu: | | | | |

 Fluvaquents, | | | | |

 frequently flooded----|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding | small stones

 | percs slowly | seepage | seepage | seepage | too sandy

 | ponding | ponding | depth to rock | ponding | ponding

 | | | | |

 Udifluvents, | | | | |

 frequently flooded----|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding | seepage

 | percs slowly | seepage | seepage | seepage | small stones

 | wetness | | depth to rock | wetness | too sandy

 | | | | |

GrB: | | | | |

 Grenville--------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Slight |Slight |Poor:

 | percs slowly | seepage | | | small stones

 | | slope | | |

 | | | | |
St. Lawrence County, New York 455

Table 12.--Sanitary Facilities--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Septic tank | Sewage lagoon |Trench sanitary| Area sanitary | Daily cover

 and soil name | absorption | areas | landfill | landfill | for landfill

 | fields | | | |

________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________

 | | | | |

GrC: | | | | |

 Grenville--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | slope | slope | slope | small stones

 | | | | |

GsD: | | | | |

 Grenville, very stony--|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | slope | | | | small stones

 | | | | |

Gu: | | | | |

 Guff-------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | ponding | too clayey | ponding | hard to pack

 | ponding | depth to rock | ponding | depth to rock | too clayey

 | depth to rock | | depth to rock | | depth to rock

 | | | | |

HaA: | | | | |

 Hailesboro-------------|Severe: |Slight |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | wetness | | | |

 | | | | |

HaB: | | | | |

 Hailesboro-------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | slope | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | wetness | | | |

 | | | | |

Hc: | | | | |

 Hannawa----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness | seepage | seepage | wetness | wetness

 | depth to rock | wetness | wetness | depth to rock | depth to rock

 | | depth to rock | depth to rock | |

 | | | | |

HeB: | | | | |

 Heuvelton--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | wetness | too clayey | wetness | too clayey

 | wetness | | wetness | |

 | | | | |

HeC: | | | | |

 Heuvelton, rolling-----|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | slope | too clayey | slope | too clayey

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness |

 | | | | |

HkE: | | | | |

 Heuvelton--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | slope | wetness | too clayey | | too clayey

 | wetness | | wetness | |

 | | | | |

 Depeyster--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | slope | wetness | too sandy | wetness |

 | wetness | | wetness | |

 | | | | |

HnA: | | | | |

 Hogansburg-------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | wetness | wetness | wetness | small stones

 | wetness | | | |

 | | | | |

HnB: | | | | |

 Hogansburg-------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | wetness | wetness | wetness | small stones

 | wetness | | | |

 | | | | |
456 Soil Survey

 Table 12.--Sanitary Facilities--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Septic tank | Sewage lagoon |Trench sanitary| Area sanitary | Daily cover

 and soil name | absorption | areas | landfill | landfill | for landfill

 | fields | | | |

________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________

 | | | | |

HrB: | | | | |

 Hogansburg, very stony-|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | wetness | wetness | wetness | small stones

 | wetness | | | |

 | | | | |

 Grenville, very stony--|Severe: |Moderate: |Slight |Slight |Poor:

 | percs slowly | seepage | | | small stones

 | | slope | | |

 | | | | |

IaB: | | | | |

 Insula-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | depth to rock | seepage | seepage | depth to rock | small stones

 | | depth to rock | depth to rock | | depth to rock

 | | | | |

InB: | | | | |

 Insula-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | depth to rock | seepage | seepage | depth to rock | small stones

 | | depth to rock | depth to rock | | depth to rock

 | | | | |

IrC: | | | | |

 Insula, rolling--------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | depth to rock | seepage | seepage | depth to rock | small stones

 | | depth to rock | depth to rock | | depth to rock

 | | | | |

 Rock outcrop-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | depth to rock | slope | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock

 | | depth to rock | | |

 | | | | |

IrD: | | | | |

 Insula, hilly----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | depth to rock | seepage | seepage | depth to rock | small stones

 | | depth to rock | depth to rock | | depth to rock

 | | | | |

 Rock outcrop-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock

 | | | | |

KaA: | | | | |

 Kalurah----------------|Severe: |Slight |Severe: |Moderate: |Fair:

 | percs slowly | | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | wetness | | | |

 | | | | |

KaB: | | | | |

 Kalurah----------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Fair:

 | percs slowly | slope | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | wetness | | | |

 | | | | |

KbB: | | | | |

 Kalurah, very stony----|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | wetness | wetness | wetness | small stones

 | wetness | | | |

 | | | | |

 Pyrities, very stony---|Severe: |Moderate: |Slight |Slight |Poor:

 | percs slowly | slope | | | small stones

 | | | | |

Lc: | | | | |

 Lovewell---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Fair:

 | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding | wetness

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness |

 | | | | |
St. Lawrence County, New York 457

Table 12.--Sanitary Facilities--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Septic tank | Sewage lagoon |Trench sanitary| Area sanitary | Daily cover

 and soil name | absorption | areas | landfill | landfill | for landfill

 | fields | | | |

________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________

 | | | | |

Ld: | | | | |

 Loxley-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | excess humus | excess humus | seepage | excess humus

 | subsides | seepage | seepage | ponding | too acid

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | | ponding

 | | | | |

LeC: | | | | |

 Lyman------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | depth to rock | slope | depth to rock | seepage | depth to rock

 | | depth to rock | | depth to rock |

 | | | | |

 Rock outcrop-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | depth to rock | slope | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock

 | | depth to rock | | |

 | | | | |

LeD: | | | | |

 Lyman, very bouldery---|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | slope | slope | slope | seepage | slope

 | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | slope | depth to rock

 | | | | depth to rock |

 | | | | |

 Rock outcrop-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock

 | | | | |

Lt: | | | | |

 Lyme, very bouldery----|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness | seepage | seepage | seepage | wetness

 | | wetness | wetness | wetness |

 | | | | |

 Tughill, very bouldery-|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | ponding | large stones | ponding | small stones

 | ponding | | too acid | | ponding

 | | | ponding | |

 | | | | |

MaA: | | | | |

 Malone-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | wetness | wetness | wetness | small stones

 | wetness | | | | wetness

 | | | | |

MaB: | | | | |

 Malone-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | wetness | wetness | wetness | small stones

 | wetness | | | | wetness

 | | | | |

MbB: | | | | |

 Malone, very stony-----|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | wetness | wetness | wetness | small stones

 | wetness | | | | wetness

 | | | | |

MdB: | | | | |

 Malone, undulating-----|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | wetness | wetness | wetness | small stones

 | wetness | | | | wetness

 | | | | |

 Adjidaumo--------------|Severe: |Slight |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | | too clayey | wetness | hard to pack

 | wetness | | wetness | | too clayey

 | | | | | wetness

 | | | | |
458 Soil Survey

Table 12.--Sanitary Facilities--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Septic tank | Sewage lagoon |Trench sanitary| Area sanitary | Daily cover

 and soil name | absorption | areas | landfill | landfill | for landfill

 | fields | | | |

________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________

 | | | | |

MeB: | | | | |

 Malone, very stony-----|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | wetness | wetness | wetness | small stones

 | wetness | | | | wetness

 | | | | |

 Adjidaumo--------------|Severe: |Slight |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | | too clayey | wetness | hard to pack

 | wetness | | wetness | | too clayey

 | | | | | wetness

 | | | | |

MfA: | | | | |

 Matoon-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | wetness | too clayey | wetness | hard to pack

 | wetness | depth to rock | wetness | depth to rock | too clayey

 | depth to rock | | depth to rock | | depth to rock

 | | | | |

MfB: | | | | |

 Matoon-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | wetness | too clayey | wetness | hard to pack

 | wetness | depth to rock | wetness | depth to rock | too clayey

 | depth to rock | | depth to rock | | depth to rock

 | | | | |

Mh: | | | | |

 Mino-------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | | | | |

Mn: | | | | |

 Munuscong--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | seepage | too clayey | seepage | hard to pack

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding | too clayey

 | | | | | ponding

 | | | | |

MsA: | | | | |

 Muskellunge------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | wetness | too clayey | wetness | hard to pack

 | wetness | | wetness | | too clayey

 | | | | | wetness

 | | | | |

MsB: | | | | |

 Muskellunge------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | wetness | too clayey | wetness | hard to pack

 | wetness | | wetness | | too clayey

 | | | | | wetness

 | | | | |

MuB: | | | | |

 Muskellunge------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | wetness | too clayey | wetness | hard to pack

 | wetness | | wetness | | too clayey

 | | | | | wetness

 | | | | |

MwB: | | | | |

 Muskellunge, | | | | |

 undulating------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | wetness | too clayey | wetness | hard to pack

 | wetness | | wetness | | too clayey

 | | | | | wetness

 | | | | |

 Adjidaumo--------------|Severe: |Slight |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | | too clayey | wetness | hard to pack

 | wetness | | wetness | | too clayey

 | | | | | wetness

 | | | | |
St. Lawrence County, New York 459

Table 12.--Sanitary Facilities--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Septic tank | Sewage lagoon |Trench sanitary| Area sanitary | Daily cover

 and soil name | absorption | areas | landfill | landfill | for landfill

 | fields | | | |

________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________

 | | | | |

Na: | | | | |

 Naumburg---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness | seepage | seepage | seepage | seepage

 | poor filter | wetness | too sandy | wetness | too sandy

 | | | wetness | | wetness

 | | | | |

NhA: | | | | |

 Nehasne----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | depth to rock | seepage | seepage | seepage | small stones

 | | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock

 | | | | |

NhB: | | | | |

 Nehasne----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | depth to rock | seepage | seepage | seepage | small stones

 | | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock

 | | | | |

NhC: | | | | |

 Nehasne----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | depth to rock | seepage | seepage | seepage | small stones

 | | slope | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock

 | | depth to rock | | |

 | | | | |

NoA: | | | | |

 Nicholville------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Good

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness |

 | | | | |

NoB: | | | | |

 Nicholville------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Good

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness |

 | | | | |

NoC: | | | | |

 Nicholville, rolling---|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Fair:

 | wetness | slope | wetness | slope | slope

 | | wetness | | wetness |

 | | | | |

NrB: | | | | |

 Nicholville------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Good

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness |

 | | | | |

OgA: | | | | |

 Ogdensburg-------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness | seepage | seepage | seepage | small stones

 | depth to rock | depth to rock | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | | | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock

 | | | | |

OgB: | | | | |

 Ogdensburg-------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness | seepage | seepage | seepage | small stones

 | depth to rock | depth to rock | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | | | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock

 | | | | |

Pg: | | | | |

 Pits, gravel and sand--|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Slight |Poor:

 | poor filter | seepage | seepage | | seepage

 | | | too sandy | | small stones

 | | | | | too sandy

 | | | | |

Ph: | | | | |

 Pits, quarry-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock

 | | | | |
460 Soil Survey

 Table 12.--Sanitary Facilities--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Septic tank | Sewage lagoon |Trench sanitary| Area sanitary | Daily cover

 and soil name | absorption | areas | landfill | landfill | for landfill

 | fields | | | |

________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________

 | | | | |

PmC: | | | | |

 Potsdam----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Fair:

 | percs slowly | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | | | wetness | wetness | small stones

 | | | | | wetness

 | | | | |

PoC: | | | | |

 Potsdam, very bouldery-|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | slope | | | | small stones

 | wetness | | | |

 | | | | |

 Tunbridge, very | | | | |

 bouldery--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | slope | seepage | seepage | seepage | slope

 | depth to rock | slope | slope | slope | depth to rock

 | | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock |

 | | | | |

PoD: | | | | |

 Potsdam, very bouldery-|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | slope | | | | small stones

 | wetness | | | |

 | | | | |

 Tunbridge, very | | | | |

 bouldery--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | slope | seepage | seepage | seepage | slope

 | depth to rock | slope | slope | slope | depth to rock

 | | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock |

 | | | | |

PpD: | | | | |

 Potsdam, very bouldery-|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | slope | | | | small stones

 | wetness | | | |

 | | | | |

 Berkshire, very | | | | |

 bouldery--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | slope | seepage | seepage | seepage | slope

 | | slope | slope | slope |

 | | | | |

PsC: | | | | |

 Potsdam, very bouldery-|Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | slope | slope | slope | small stones

 | wetness | | wetness | wetness |

 | | | | |

 Crary, very bouldery---|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | slope | wetness | wetness | small stones

 | wetness | | | | wetness

 | | | | |

PvB: | | | | |

 Pyrities---------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Slight |Slight |Poor:

 | percs slowly | slope | | | small stones

 | | | | |

PvC: | | | | |

 Pyrities---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | slope | slope | slope | small stones

 | | | | |

PxD: | | | | |

 Pyrities, very stony---|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | slope | | | | small stones

 | | | | |
St. Lawrence County, New York 461

Table 12.--Sanitary Facilities--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Septic tank | Sewage lagoon |Trench sanitary| Area sanitary | Daily cover

 and soil name | absorption | areas | landfill | landfill | for landfill

 | fields | | | |

________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________

 | | | | |

PyB: | | | | |

 Pyrities, rocky--------|Severe: |Moderate: |Slight |Slight |Poor:

 | percs slowly | slope | | | small stones

 | | | | |

PyC: | | | | |

 Pyrities, rocky--------|Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | slope | slope | slope | small stones

 | | | | |

PzC: | | | | |

 Pyrities, very stony---|Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | slope | slope | slope | small stones

 | | | | |

 Kalurah, very stony----|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | slope | wetness | slope | small stones

 | wetness | wetness | | wetness |

 | | | | |

QwB: | | | | |

 Quetico----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock

 | | | | |

 Rock outcrop-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock

 | | | | |

 Insula-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | depth to rock | seepage | seepage | depth to rock | small stones

 | | depth to rock | depth to rock | | depth to rock

 | | | | |

RaA: | | | | |

 Raquette---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | poor filter | seepage | seepage | seepage | seepage

 | | | too sandy | | small stones

 | | | | | too sandy

 | | | | |

RaB: | | | | |

 Raquette---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | poor filter | seepage | seepage | seepage | seepage

 | | | too sandy | | small stones

 | | | | | too sandy

 | | | | |

RaC: | | | | |

 Raquette---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | poor filter | seepage | seepage | seepage | seepage

 | | slope | too sandy | | small stones

 | | | | | too sandy

 | | | | |

Rd: | | | | |

 Redwater---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding | thin layer

 | wetness | seepage | seepage | seepage | wetness

 | poor filter | wetness | depth to rock | wetness |

 | | | | |

RoA: | | | | |

 Roundabout-------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | wetness | | | |

 | | | | |

RoB: | | | | |

 Roundabout-------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | wetness | | | |

 | | | | |
462 Soil Survey

Table 12.--Sanitary Facilities--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Septic tank | Sewage lagoon |Trench sanitary| Area sanitary | Daily cover

 and soil name | absorption | areas | landfill | landfill | for landfill

 | fields | | | |

________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________

 | | | | |

Rt: | | | | |

 Runeberg---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | wetness | | | |

 | | | | |

Ru: | | | | |

 Runeberg, very stony---|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | wetness | | | |

 | | | | |

SaB: | | | | |

 Salmon-----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight |Slight |Good

 | percs slowly | seepage | | |

 | | slope | | |

 | | | | |

SaC: | | | | |

 Salmon, rolling--------|Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Fair:

 | percs slowly | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | slope | | | |

 | | | | |

Se: | | | | |

 Searsport--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | ponding | excess humus | seepage | seepage | seepage

 | poor filter | seepage | too sandy | ponding | too sandy

 | | ponding | ponding | | ponding

 | | | | |

Sg: | | | | |

 Stockholm--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | seepage | too clayey | seepage | too clayey

 | wetness | depth to rock | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | depth to rock | | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock

 | | | | |

ShB: | | | | |

 Summerville------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock

 | | | | |

SkB: | | | | |

 Summerville, rocky-----|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock

 | | | | |

 Gouverneur-------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock

 | | | | |

SlD: | | | | |

 Summerville, hilly-----|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock

 | | | | |

 Rock outcrop-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock

 | | | | |

SmC: | | | | |

 Summerville, rolling---|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | depth to rock | slope | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock

 | | depth to rock | | |

 | | | | |

 Rock outcrop-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | depth to rock | slope | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock

 | | depth to rock | | |

 | | | | |
St. Lawrence County, New York 463

Table 12.--Sanitary Facilities--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Septic tank | Sewage lagoon |Trench sanitary| Area sanitary | Daily cover

 and soil name | absorption | areas | landfill | landfill | for landfill

 | fields | | | |

________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________

 | | | | |

SmC: | | | | |

 Nehasne, rolling-------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | depth to rock | seepage | seepage | seepage | small stones

 | | slope | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock

 | | depth to rock | | |

 | | | | |

SpB: | | | | |

 Sunapee----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Fair:

 | wetness | seepage | seepage | seepage | wetness

 | | wetness | wetness | wetness |

 | | | | |

SsB: | | | | |

 Sunapee, very bouldery-|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Fair:

 | wetness | seepage | seepage | seepage | small stones

 | | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | | | | |

 Berkshire, very | | | | |

 bouldery--------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Fair:

 | percs slowly | seepage | seepage | seepage | small stones

 | | | | |

Sw: | | | | |

 Swanton----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | seepage | too clayey | seepage | hard to pack

 | wetness | | wetness | wetness | too clayey

 | | | | | wetness

 | | | | |

TdA: | | | | |

 Trout River------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | poor filter | seepage | seepage | seepage | seepage

 | | | too sandy | | small stones

 | | | | | too sandy

 | | | | |

TdB: | | | | |

 Trout River------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | poor filter | seepage | seepage | seepage | seepage

 | | | too sandy | | small stones

 | | | | | too sandy

 | | | | |

TfB: | | | | |

 Trout River, very | | | | |

 stony-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | poor filter | seepage | seepage | seepage | seepage

 | | | too sandy | | small stones

 | | | | | too sandy

 | | | | |

 Fahey, very stony-----|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness | seepage | seepage | seepage | seepage

 | poor filter | wetness | too sandy | wetness | small stones

 | | | wetness | | too sandy

 | | | | |

TuD: | | | | |

 Tunbridge--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | slope | seepage | seepage | seepage | slope

 | depth to rock | slope | slope | slope | small stones

 | | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock

 | | | | |

 Lyman------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | slope | slope | slope | seepage | slope

 | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | slope | depth to rock

 | | | | depth to rock |

 | | | | |
464 Soil Survey

Table 12.--Sanitary Facilities--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Septic tank | Sewage lagoon |Trench sanitary| Area sanitary | Daily cover

 and soil name | absorption | areas | landfill | landfill | for landfill

 | fields | | | |

________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________

 | | | | |

TwC: | | | | |

 Tunbridge, rolling-----|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | depth to rock | seepage | seepage | seepage | small stones

 | | slope | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock

 | | depth to rock | | |

 | | | | |

 Lyman, rolling---------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | depth to rock | slope | depth to rock | seepage | small stones

 | | depth to rock | | depth to rock | depth to rock

 | | | | |

 Dawson-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | excess humus | excess humus | seepage | excess humus

 | subsides | seepage | seepage | ponding | ponding

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | |

 | | | | |

Ua: | | | | |

 Udipsamments, smoothed.| | | | |

 | | | | |

Ue: | | | | |

 Udorthents, loamy. | | | | |

 | | | | |

Uf: | | | | |

 Udorthents, clayey. | | | | |

 | | | | |

Ug: | | | | |

 Udorthents, mine | | | | |

 waste, acid. | | | | |

 | | | | |

Uh: | | | | |

 Udorthents, mine | | | | |

 waste, nonacid. | | | | |

 | | | | |

Un: | | | | |

 Udorthents, refuse | | | | |

 substratum. | | | | |

 | | | | |

Ur: | | | | |

 Urban land-------------|Variable |Variable |Variable |Variable |Variable

 | | | | |

W: | | | | |

 Water. | | | | |

 | | | | |

WaA: | | | | |

 Waddington-------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | poor filter | seepage | seepage | seepage | seepage

 | | | too sandy | | small stones

 | | | | | too sandy

 | | | | |

WaB: | | | | |

 Waddington-------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | poor filter | seepage | seepage | seepage | seepage

 | | | too sandy | | small stones

 | | | | | too sandy

 | | | | |

WaC: | | | | |

 Waddington, rolling----|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | poor filter | seepage | seepage | seepage | seepage

 | | slope | too sandy | | small stones

 | | | | | too sandy

 | | | | |
St. Lawrence County, New York 465

Table 12.--Sanitary Facilities--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Septic tank | Sewage lagoon |Trench sanitary| Area sanitary | Daily cover

 and soil name | absorption | areas | landfill | landfill | for landfill

 | fields | | | |

________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________

 | | | | |

WaD: | | | | |

 Waddington-------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | slope | seepage | seepage | seepage | seepage

 | poor filter | slope | slope | slope | small stones

 | | | too sandy | | too sandy

 | | | | |

WdB: | | | | |

 Waddington, very | | | | |

 cobbly sandy loam-----|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | poor filter | seepage | seepage | seepage | seepage

 | | | too sandy | | small stones

 | | | | | too sandy

 | | | | |

Wg: | | | | |

 Wegatchie--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | wetness | | | |

________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________
466 Soil Survey

Table 13.--Construction Materials

(The information in this table indicates the dominant soil condition but does not eliminate the need

 for onsite investigation. See text for definitions of terms used in this table. Absence of an

 entry indicates that no rating is applicable.)

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol | Roadfill | Sand | Gravel | Topsoil

 and soil name | | | |

_________________________|__________________|__________________|__________________|__________________

 | | | |

021: | | | |

 Dawson------------------|Poor: |Probable |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness | | too sandy | excess humus

 | | | | wetness

 | | | |

 Fluvaquents-------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness | excess fines | excess fines | area reclaim

 | | | | small stones

 | | | | too sandy

 | | | |

 Loxley------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess humus | excess humus | excess humus

 | wetness | | | wetness

 | | | | too acid

 | | | |

023: | | | |

 Loxley------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess humus | excess humus | excess humus

 | wetness | | | wetness

 | | | | too acid

 | | | |

 Dawson------------------|Poor: |Probable |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness | | too sandy | excess humus

 | | | | wetness

 | | | |

363A: | | | |

 Adams-------------------|Good |Probable |Improbable: |Poor:

 | | | too sandy | too sandy

 | | | |

363B: | | | |

 Adams-------------------|Good |Probable |Improbable: |Poor:

 | | | too sandy | too sandy

 | | | |

363D: | | | |

 Adams-------------------|Poor: |Probable |Improbable: |Poor:

 | slope | | too sandy | slope

 | | | | too sandy

 | | | |

365: | | | |

 Naumburg----------------|Poor: |Probable |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness | | too sandy | too sandy

 | | | | wetness

 | | | |

 Croghan-----------------|Fair: |Probable |Improbable: |Fair:

 | wetness | | too sandy | small stones

 | | | | too sandy

 | | | |

376A: | | | |

 Colton------------------|Good |Probable |Probable |Poor:

 | | | | small stones

 | | | | too sandy

 | | | |

 Duxbury-----------------|Good |Probable |Probable |Poor:

 | | | | area reclaim

 | | | | small stones

 | | | | too sandy

 | | | |

 Adams-------------------|Good |Probable |Improbable: |Poor:

 | | | too sandy | too sandy

 | | | |
St. Lawrence County, New York 467

Table 13.--Construction Materials--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol | Roadfill | Sand | Gravel | Topsoil

 and soil name | | | |

_________________________|__________________|__________________|__________________|__________________

 | | | |

376C: | | | |

 Colton------------------|Good |Probable |Probable |Poor:

 | | | | small stones

 | | | | too sandy

 | | | |

 Duxbury-----------------|Good |Probable |Probable |Poor:

 | | | | area reclaim

 | | | | small stones

 | | | | too sandy

 | | | |

 Adams-------------------|Good |Probable |Improbable: |Poor:

 | | | too sandy | too sandy

 | | | |

376D: | | | |

 Colton------------------|Poor: |Probable |Probable |Poor:

 | slope | | | slope

 | | | | small stones

 | | | | too sandy

 | | | |

 Duxbury-----------------|Poor: |Probable |Probable |Poor:

 | slope | | | area reclaim

 | | | | small stones

 | | | | too sandy

 | | | |

 Adams-------------------|Poor: |Probable |Improbable: |Poor:

 | slope | | too sandy | slope

 | | | | too sandy

 | | | |

380B: | | | |

 Colton------------------|Good |Probable |Probable |Poor:

 | | | | small stones

 | | | | too sandy

 | | | |

 Duxbury-----------------|Good |Probable |Probable |Poor:

 | | | | area reclaim

 | | | | small stones

 | | | | too sandy

 | | | |

 Dawson------------------|Poor: |Probable |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness | | too sandy | excess humus

 | | | | wetness

 | | | |

380D: | | | |

 Colton------------------|Poor: |Probable |Probable |Poor:

 | slope | | | slope

 | | | | small stones

 | | | | too sandy

 | | | |

 Duxbury-----------------|Poor: |Probable |Probable |Poor:

 | slope | | | area reclaim

 | | | | small stones

 | | | | too sandy

 | | | |

 Dawson------------------|Poor: |Probable |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness | | too sandy | excess humus

 | | | | wetness

 | | | |

643C: | | | |

 Berkshire, very | | | |

 bouldery---------------|Good |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | | | |
468 Soil Survey

Table 13.--Construction Materials--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol | Roadfill | Sand | Gravel | Topsoil

 and soil name | | | |

_________________________|__________________|__________________|__________________|__________________

 | | | |

643D: | | | |

 Berkshire, very | | | |

 bouldery---------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | slope | excess fines | excess fines | slope

 | | | | small stones

 | | | |

644C: | | | |

 Berkshire, rolling, | | | |

 very bouldery----------|Good |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | | | |

 Lyme, very bouldery-----|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | | | | wetness

 | | | |

644D: | | | |

 Berkshire, hilly, very | | | |

 bouldery---------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | slope | excess fines | excess fines | slope

 | | | | small stones

 | | | |

 Lyme, very bouldery-----|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | | | | wetness

 | | | |

709B: | | | |

 Adirondack, very | | | |

 bouldery---------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | large stones | excess fines | excess fines | area reclaim

 | wetness | | | small stones

 | | | |

 Tughill, very bouldery--|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness | excess fines | excess fines | area reclaim

 | | | | small stones

 | | | | wetness

 | | | |

 Lyme, very bouldery-----|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: | ---

 | wetness | excess fines | excess fines |

 | | | |

741C: | | | |

 Potsdam, very bouldery--|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness | excess fines | excess fines | area reclaim

 | | | | small stones

 | | | |

 Tunbridge, very | | | |

 bouldery---------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | depth to rock | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | | | |

 Crary, very bouldery----|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness | excess fines | excess fines | area reclaim

 | | | | small stones

 | | | |

741D: | | | |

 Potsdam, very bouldery--|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | slope | excess fines | excess fines | area reclaim

 | | | | slope

 | | | | small stones

 | | | |

 Tunbridge, very | | | |

 bouldery---------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | slope | excess fines | excess fines | slope

 | depth to rock | | | small stones

 | | | |
St. Lawrence County, New York 469

Table 13.--Construction Materials--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol | Roadfill | Sand | Gravel | Topsoil

 and soil name | | | |

_________________________|__________________|__________________|__________________|__________________

 | | | |

743C: | | | |

 Potsdam, very bouldery--|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness | excess fines | excess fines | area reclaim

 | | | | small stones

 | | | |

743D: | | | |

 Potsdam, very bouldery--|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | slope | excess fines | excess fines | area reclaim

 | | | | slope

 | | | | small stones

 | | | |

745C: | | | |

 Crary, very bouldery----|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness | excess fines | excess fines | area reclaim

 | | | | small stones

 | | | |

 Potsdam, very bouldery--|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness | excess fines | excess fines | area reclaim

 | | | | small stones

 | | | |

747B: | | | |

 Crary, very bouldery----|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness | excess fines | excess fines | area reclaim

 | | | | small stones

 | | | |

 Adirondack, very | | | |

 bouldery---------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | large stones | excess fines | excess fines | area reclaim

 | wetness | | | small stones

 | | | |

807: | | | |

 Udorthents, | | | |

 mine waste. | | | |

 | | | |

831C: | | | |

 Tunbridge, very | | | |

 bouldery---------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | depth to rock | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | | | |

 Lyman, very bouldery----|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | depth to rock | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | | | | depth to rock

 | | | |

831D: | | | |

 Tunbridge, very | | | |

 bouldery---------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | slope | excess fines | excess fines | slope

 | depth to rock | | | small stones

 | | | |

 Lyman, very bouldery----|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | slope | excess fines | excess fines | slope

 | depth to rock | | | small stones

 | | | | depth to rock

 | | | |

831F: | | | |

 Tunbridge, very | | | |

 bouldery---------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | slope | excess fines | excess fines | slope

 | depth to rock | | | small stones

 | | | |

 Lyman, very bouldery----|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | slope | excess fines | excess fines | slope

 | depth to rock | | | small stones

 | | | | depth to rock

 | | | |
470 Soil Survey

Table 13.--Construction Materials--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol | Roadfill | Sand | Gravel | Topsoil

 and soil name | | | |

_________________________|__________________|__________________|__________________|__________________

 | | | |

833C: | | | |

 Tunbridge, very | | | |

 bouldery---------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | depth to rock | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | | | |

 Adirondack, very | | | |

 bouldery---------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | large stones | excess fines | excess fines | area reclaim

 | wetness | | | small stones

 | | | |

 Lyman, very bouldery----|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | depth to rock | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | | | | depth to rock

 | | | |

835C: | | | |

 Tunbridge, very | | | |

 bouldery---------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | depth to rock | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | | | |

 Borosaprists------------|Poor: |Probable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness | excess humus | too sandy | excess humus

 | | | | wetness

 | | | |

 Ricker, very bouldery---|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | area reclaim | excess fines | excess fines | area reclaim

 | thin layer | | | excess humus

 | | | |

861C: | | | |

 Lyman-------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | depth to rock | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | | | | depth to rock

 | | | |

 Ricker, very bouldery---|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | area reclaim | excess fines | excess fines | area reclaim

 | thin layer | | | excess humus

 | | | |

 Rock outcrop, very | | | |

 bouldery---------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | depth to rock | excess fines | excess fines | depth to rock

 | | | |

861D: | | | |

 Lyman, very bouldery----|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | slope | excess fines | excess fines | slope

 | depth to rock | | | small stones

 | | | | depth to rock

 | | | |

 Ricker, very bouldery---|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | area reclaim | excess fines | excess fines | area reclaim

 | slope | | | excess humus

 | thin layer | | | slope

 | | | |

 Rock outcrop------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | slope | excess fines | excess fines | slope

 | depth to rock | | | depth to rock

 | | | |

861F: | | | |

 Lyman, very bouldery----|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | slope | excess fines | excess fines | slope

 | depth to rock | | | small stones

 | | | | depth to rock

 | | | |
St. Lawrence County, New York 471

 Table 13.--Construction Materials--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol | Roadfill | Sand | Gravel | Topsoil

 and soil name | | | |

_________________________|__________________|__________________|__________________|__________________

 | | | |

861F: | | | |

 Ricker, very bouldery---|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | area reclaim | excess fines | excess fines | area reclaim

 | slope | | | excess humus

 | thin layer | | | slope

 | | | |

 Rock outcrop------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | slope | excess fines | excess fines | slope

 | depth to rock | | | depth to rock

 | | | |

891F: | | | |

 Rock outcrop------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | slope | excess fines | excess fines | slope

 | depth to rock | | | depth to rock

 | | | |

 Ricker, very bouldery---|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | area reclaim | excess fines | excess fines | area reclaim

 | slope | | | excess humus

 | thin layer | | | slope

 | | | |

 Lyman, very bouldery----|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | slope | excess fines | excess fines | slope

 | depth to rock | | | small stones

 | | | | depth to rock

 | | | |

AaB: | | | |

 Adams, sand-------------|Good |Probable |Improbable: |Poor:

 | | | too sandy | too sandy

 | | | |

AaC: | | | |

 Adams, sand-------------|Good |Probable |Improbable: |Poor:

 | | | too sandy | too sandy

 | | | |

AaD: | | | |

 Adams, sand-------------|Poor: |Probable |Improbable: |Poor:

 | slope | | too sandy | slope

 | | | | too sandy

 | | | |

AdB: | | | |

 Adams, loamy fine sand--|Good |Probable |Improbable: |Poor:

 | | | too sandy | too sandy

 | | | |

AdC: | | | |

 Adams, loamy fine sand--|Good |Probable |Improbable: |Poor:

 | | | too sandy | too sandy

 | | | |

Ak: | | | |

 Adjidaumo, silty clay---|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | wetness | | | wetness

 | | | |

Am: | | | |

 Adjidaumo, mucky silty | | | |

 clay-------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | wetness | | | wetness

 | | | |

Ao: | | | |

 Adjidaumo, flooded------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | wetness | | | wetness

 | | | |
472 Soil Survey

Table 13.--Construction Materials--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol | Roadfill | Sand | Gravel | Topsoil

 and soil name | | | |

_________________________|__________________|__________________|__________________|__________________

 | | | |

Ap: | | | |

 Adjidaumo, silty clay, | | | |

 rocky------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | wetness | | | wetness

 | | | |

ArC: | | | |

 Adjidaumo---------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | wetness | | | wetness

 | | | |

 Summerville-------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | depth to rock | excess fines | excess fines | depth to rock

 | | | |

BeB: | | | |

 Berkshire---------------|Good |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | | excess fines | excess fines | area reclaim

 | | | | small stones

 | | | |

BgC: | | | |

 Berkshire, very | | | |

 bouldery---------------|Good |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | | | |

 Lyme, very bouldery-----|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | | | | wetness

 | | | |

BkC: | | | |

 Berkshire, very | | | |

 bouldery---------------|Good |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | | | |

 Sunapee, very bouldery--|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | | | |

Bo: | | | |

 Borosaprists------------|Poor: |Probable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness | excess humus | too sandy | excess humus

 | | | | wetness

 | | | |

 Fluvaquents-------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness | excess fines | excess fines | area reclaim

 | | | | small stones

 | | | | too sandy

 | | | |

Ce: | | | |

 Carbondale, undrained---|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness | excess humus | excess humus | excess humus

 | | | | wetness

 | | | |

CgB: | | | |

 Colton------------------|Good |Probable |Probable |Poor:

 | | | | small stones

 | | | | too sandy

 | | | |

 Duxbury-----------------|Good |Probable |Probable |Poor:

 | | | | area reclaim

 | | | | small stones

 | | | | too sandy

 | | | |
St. Lawrence County, New York 473

Table 13.--Construction Materials--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol | Roadfill | Sand | Gravel | Topsoil

 and soil name | | | |

_________________________|__________________|__________________|__________________|__________________

 | | | |

CgC: | | | |

 Colton------------------|Good |Probable |Probable |Poor:

 | | | | small stones

 | | | | too sandy

 | | | |

 Duxbury-----------------|Good |Probable |Probable |Poor:

 | | | | area reclaim

 | | | | small stones

 | | | | too sandy

 | | | |

CgD: | | | |

 Colton------------------|Poor: |Probable |Probable |Poor:

 | slope | | | slope

 | | | | small stones

 | | | | too sandy

 | | | |

 Duxbury-----------------|Poor: |Probable |Probable |Poor:

 | slope | | | area reclaim

 | | | | small stones

 | | | | too sandy

 | | | |

Ck: | | | |

 Cook--------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness | excess fines | excess fines | area reclaim

 | | | | small stones

 | | | | too sandy

 | | | |

Cn: | | | |

 Cornish-----------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness | excess fines | excess fines | wetness

 | | | |

Cp: | | | |

 Coveytown---------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness | excess fines | excess fines | area reclaim

 | | | | small stones

 | | | |

Cr: | | | |

 Coveytown, very stony---|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness | thin layer | thin layer | large stones

 | | | | wetness

 | | | |

 Cook, very stony--------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness | excess fines | excess fines | area reclaim

 | | | | small stones

 | | | | too sandy

 | | | |

CsB: | | | |

 Crary-------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | | | | wetness

 | | | |

CtB: | | | |

 Crary, very bouldery----|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness | excess fines | excess fines | area reclaim

 | | | | small stones

 | | | |

 Potsdam, very bouldery--|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness | excess fines | excess fines | area reclaim

 | | | | small stones

 | | | |

CuB: | | | |

 Croghan, sand-----------|Fair: |Probable |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness | | too sandy | too sandy

 | | | |
474 Soil Survey

 Table 13.--Construction Materials--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol | Roadfill | Sand | Gravel | Topsoil

 and soil name | | | |

_________________________|__________________|__________________|__________________|__________________

 | | | |

CvA: | | | |

 Croghan, loamy fine | | | |

 sand-------------------|Fair: |Probable |Improbable: |Fair:

 | wetness | | too sandy | small stones

 | | | | too sandy

 | | | |

CvB: | | | |

 Croghan, loamy fine | | | |

 sand-------------------|Fair: |Probable |Improbable: |Fair:

 | wetness | | too sandy | small stones

 | | | | too sandy

 | | | |

Da: | | | |

 Dawson------------------|Poor: |Probable |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness | | too sandy | excess humus

 | | | | wetness

 | | | |

DAM: | | | |

 Large dams. | | | |

 | | | |

Dd: | | | |

 Deford, loamy fine | | | |

 sand-------------------|Poor: |Probable |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness | | too sandy | too sandy

 | | | | wetness

 | | | |

Df: | | | |

 Deford, mucky loamy | | | |

 fine sand--------------|Poor: |Probable |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness | | too sandy | too sandy

 | | | | wetness

 | | | |

DpA: | | | |

 Depeyster---------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | wetness | excess fines | excess fines | thin layer

 | | | | too clayey

 | | | |

DpB: | | | |

 Depeyster---------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | wetness | excess fines | excess fines | thin layer

 | | | | too clayey

 | | | |

DpC: | | | |

 Depeyster---------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | wetness | excess fines | excess fines | slope

 | | | | thin layer

 | | | | too clayey

 | | | |

Dr: | | | |

 Dorval------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | excess humus

 | shrink-swell | | | wetness

 | wetness | | |

 | | | |

Du: | | | |

 Dune land---------------|Fair: |Probable |Improbable: |Poor:

 | slope | | too sandy | slope

 | | | | too sandy

 | | | |

EeB: | | | |

 Eelweir-----------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | wetness | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | | | | thin layer

 | | | |
St. Lawrence County, New York 475

 Table 13.--Construction Materials--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol | Roadfill | Sand | Gravel | Topsoil

 and soil name | | | |

_________________________|__________________|__________________|__________________|__________________

 | | | |

EmA: | | | |

 Elmwood-----------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | | | |

EmB: | | | |

 Elmwood-----------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | | | |

Fa: | | | |

 Fahey-------------------|Good |Probable |Probable |Poor:

 | | | | area reclaim

 | | | | small stones

 | | | | too sandy

 | | | |

FkA: | | | |

 Flackville--------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | too sandy

 | | | |

FkB: | | | |

 Flackville--------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | too sandy

 | | | |

Fu: | | | |

 Fluvaquents, frequently | | | |

 flooded----------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness | excess fines | excess fines | area reclaim

 | | | | small stones

 | | | | too sandy

 | | | |

 Udifluvents, frequently | | | |

 flooded----------------|Fair: |Probable |Probable |Poor:

 | wetness | | | area reclaim

 | depth to rock | | | small stones

 | | | | too sandy

 | | | |

GrB: | | | |

 Grenville---------------|Good |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | | excess fines | excess fines | area reclaim

 | | | | small stones

 | | | |

GrC: | | | |

 Grenville---------------|Good |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | | excess fines | excess fines | area reclaim

 | | | | small stones

 | | | |

GsD: | | | |

 Grenville, very stony---|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | slope | excess fines | excess fines | area reclaim

 | | | | slope

 | | | | small stones

 | | | |

Gu: | | | |

 Guff--------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | wetness | | | wetness

 | depth to rock | | |

 | | | |

HaA: | | | |

 Hailesboro--------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness | excess fines | excess fines | wetness

 | | | |

HaB: | | | |

 Hailesboro--------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness | excess fines | excess fines | wetness

 | | | |
476 Soil Survey

Table 13.--Construction Materials--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol | Roadfill | Sand | Gravel | Topsoil

 and soil name | | | |

_________________________|__________________|__________________|__________________|__________________

 | | | |

Hc: | | | |

 Hannawa-----------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness | excess fines | excess fines | large stones

 | depth to rock | | | wetness

 | | | | depth to rock

 | | | |

HeB: | | | |

 Heuvelton---------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | | | | too clayey

 | | | |

HeC: | | | |

 Heuvelton, rolling------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | | | | too clayey

 | | | |

HkE: | | | |

 Heuvelton---------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | slope | | | too clayey

 | | | |

 Depeyster---------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | slope | excess fines | excess fines | slope

 | | | |

HnA: | | | |

 Hogansburg--------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness | excess fines | excess fines | area reclaim

 | | | | small stones

 | | | |

HnB: | | | |

 Hogansburg--------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness | excess fines | excess fines | area reclaim

 | | | | small stones

 | | | |

HrB: | | | |

 Hogansburg, very stony--|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness | excess fines | excess fines | area reclaim

 | | | | small stones

 | | | |

 Grenville, very stony---|Good |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | | excess fines | excess fines | area reclaim

 | | | | small stones

 | | | |

IaB: | | | |

 Insula------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | depth to rock | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | | | | depth to rock

 | | | |

InB: | | | |

 Insula------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | depth to rock | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | | | | depth to rock

 | | | |

IrC: | | | |

 Insula, rolling---------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | depth to rock | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | | | | depth to rock

 | | | |

 Rock outcrop------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | depth to rock | excess fines | excess fines | depth to rock

 | | | |
St. Lawrence County, New York 477

Table 13.--Construction Materials--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol | Roadfill | Sand | Gravel | Topsoil

 and soil name | | | |

_________________________|__________________|__________________|__________________|__________________

 | | | |

IrD: | | | |

 Insula, hilly-----------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | depth to rock | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | | | | depth to rock

 | | | |

 Rock outcrop------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | slope | excess fines | excess fines | slope

 | depth to rock | | | depth to rock

 | | | |

KaA: | | | |

 Kalurah-----------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Good

 | wetness | excess fines | excess fines |

 | | | |

KaB: | | | |

 Kalurah-----------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Good

 | wetness | excess fines | excess fines |

 | | | |

KbB: | | | |

 Kalurah, very stony-----|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness | excess fines | excess fines | area reclaim

 | | | | small stones

 | | | |

 Pyrities, very stony----|Good |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | | excess fines | excess fines | area reclaim

 | | | | small stones

 | | | |

Lc: | | | |

 Lovewell----------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | wetness | excess fines | excess fines | too sandy

 | | | |

Ld: | | | |

 Loxley------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess humus | excess humus | excess humus

 | wetness | | | wetness

 | | | | too acid

 | | | |

LeC: | | | |

 Lyman-------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | depth to rock | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | | | | depth to rock

 | | | |

 Rock outcrop------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | depth to rock | excess fines | excess fines | depth to rock

 | | | |

LeD: | | | |

 Lyman, very bouldery----|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | slope | excess fines | excess fines | slope

 | depth to rock | | | small stones

 | | | | depth to rock

 | | | |

 Rock outcrop------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | slope | excess fines | excess fines | slope

 | depth to rock | | | depth to rock

 | | | |

Lt: | | | |

 Lyme, very bouldery-----|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | | | | wetness

 | | | |

 Tughill, very bouldery--|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness | excess fines | excess fines | area reclaim

 | | | | small stones

 | | | | wetness

 | | | |
478 Soil Survey

Table 13.--Construction Materials--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol | Roadfill | Sand | Gravel | Topsoil

 and soil name | | | |

_________________________|__________________|__________________|__________________|__________________

 | | | |

MaA: | | | |

 Malone------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness | excess fines | excess fines | area reclaim

 | | | | small stones

 | | | | wetness

 | | | |

MaB: | | | |

 Malone------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness | excess fines | excess fines | area reclaim

 | | | | small stones

 | | | | wetness

 | | | |

MbB: | | | |

 Malone, very stony------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness | excess fines | excess fines | area reclaim

 | | | | small stones

 | | | | wetness

 | | | |

MdB: | | | |

 Malone, undulating------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness | excess fines | excess fines | area reclaim

 | | | | small stones

 | | | | wetness

 | | | |

 Adjidaumo---------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | wetness | | | wetness

 | | | |

MeB: | | | |

 Malone, very stony------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness | excess fines | excess fines | area reclaim

 | | | | small stones

 | | | | wetness

 | | | |

 Adjidaumo---------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | wetness | | | wetness

 | | | |

MfA: | | | |

 Matoon------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | wetness | | | wetness

 | depth to rock | | |

 | | | |

MfB: | | | |

 Matoon------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | wetness | | | wetness

 | depth to rock | | |

 | | | |

Mh: | | | |

 Mino--------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness | excess fines | excess fines | wetness

 | | | |

Mn: | | | |

 Munuscong---------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | wetness

 | shrink-swell | | |

 | wetness | | |

 | | | |

MsA: | | | |

 Muskellunge-------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | thin layer

 | wetness | | | wetness

 | | | |
St. Lawrence County, New York 479

Table 13.--Construction Materials--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol | Roadfill | Sand | Gravel | Topsoil

 and soil name | | | |

_________________________|__________________|__________________|__________________|__________________

 | | | |

MsB: | | | |

 Muskellunge-------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | thin layer

 | wetness | | | wetness

 | | | |

MuB: | | | |

 Muskellunge-------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | thin layer

 | wetness | | | wetness

 | | | |

MwB: | | | |

 Muskellunge, undulating-|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | thin layer

 | wetness | | | wetness

 | | | |

 Adjidaumo---------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | wetness | | | wetness

 | | | |

Na: | | | |

 Naumburg----------------|Poor: |Probable |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness | | too sandy | too sandy

 | | | | wetness

 | | | |

NhA: | | | |

 Nehasne-----------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | depth to rock | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | | | |

NhB: | | | |

 Nehasne-----------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | depth to rock | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | | | |

NhC: | | | |

 Nehasne-----------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | depth to rock | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | | | |

NoA: | | | |

 Nicholville-------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Good

 | frost action | excess fines | excess fines |

 | | | |

NoB: | | | |

 Nicholville-------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Good

 | frost action | excess fines | excess fines |

 | | | |

NoC: | | | |

 Nicholville, rolling----|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | frost action | excess fines | excess fines | slope

 | | | |

NrB: | | | |

 Nicholville-------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Good

 | frost action | excess fines | excess fines |

 | | | |

OgA: | | | |

 Ogdensburg--------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | depth to rock | | | wetness

 | | | |

OgB: | | | |

 Ogdensburg--------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | depth to rock | | | wetness

 | | | |
480 Soil Survey

Table 13.--Construction Materials--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol | Roadfill | Sand | Gravel | Topsoil

 and soil name | | | |

_________________________|__________________|__________________|__________________|__________________

 | | | |

Pg: | | | |

 Pits, gravel and sand---|Good |Probable |Probable |Poor:

 | | | | area reclaim

 | | | | small stones

 | | | | too sandy

 | | | |

Ph: | | | |

 Pits, quarry------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | depth to rock | excess fines | excess fines | depth to rock

 | | | |

PmC: | | | |

 Potsdam-----------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness | excess fines | excess fines | area reclaim

 | | | | small stones

 | | | |

PoC: | | | |

 Potsdam, very bouldery--|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | slope | excess fines | excess fines | area reclaim

 | | | | slope

 | | | | small stones

 | | | |

 Tunbridge, very | | | |

 bouldery---------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | slope | excess fines | excess fines | slope

 | depth to rock | | | small stones

 | | | |

PoD: | | | |

 Potsdam, very bouldery--|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | slope | excess fines | excess fines | area reclaim

 | | | | slope

 | | | | small stones

 | | | |

 Tunbridge, very | | | |

 bouldery---------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | slope | excess fines | excess fines | slope

 | depth to rock | | | small stones

 | | | |

PpD: | | | |

 Potsdam, very bouldery--|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | slope | excess fines | excess fines | area reclaim

 | | | | slope

 | | | | small stones

 | | | |

 Berkshire, very | | | |

 bouldery---------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | slope | excess fines | excess fines | slope

 | | | | small stones

 | | | |

PsC: | | | |

 Potsdam, very bouldery--|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness | excess fines | excess fines | area reclaim

 | | | | small stones

 | | | |

 Crary, very bouldery----|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness | excess fines | excess fines | area reclaim

 | | | | small stones

 | | | |

PvB: | | | |

 Pyrities----------------|Good |Probable |Probable |Poor:

 | | | | area reclaim

 | | | | small stones

 | | | |
St. Lawrence County, New York 481

Table 13.--Construction Materials--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol | Roadfill | Sand | Gravel | Topsoil

 and soil name | | | |

_________________________|__________________|__________________|__________________|__________________

 | | | |

PvC: | | | |

 Pyrities----------------|Good |Probable |Probable |Poor:

 | | | | area reclaim

 | | | | small stones

 | | | |

PxD: | | | |

 Pyrities, very stony----|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | slope | excess fines | excess fines | area reclaim

 | | | | slope

 | | | | small stones

 | | | |

PyB: | | | |

 Pyrities, rocky---------|Good |Probable |Probable |Poor:

 | | | | area reclaim

 | | | | small stones

 | | | |

PyC: | | | |

 Pyrities, rocky---------|Good |Probable |Probable |Poor:

 | | | | area reclaim

 | | | | small stones

 | | | |

PzC: | | | |

 Pyrities, very stony----|Good |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | | excess fines | excess fines | area reclaim

 | | | | small stones

 | | | |

 Kalurah, very stony-----|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness | excess fines | excess fines | area reclaim

 | | | | small stones

 | | | |

QwB: | | | |

 Quetico-----------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | depth to rock | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | | | | depth to rock

 | | | |

 Rock outcrop------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | depth to rock | excess fines | excess fines | depth to rock

 | | | |

 Insula------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | depth to rock | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | | | | depth to rock

 | | | |

RaA: | | | |

 Raquette----------------|Good |Probable |Probable |Poor:

 | | | | area reclaim

 | | | | small stones

 | | | |

RaB: | | | |

 Raquette----------------|Good |Probable |Probable |Poor:

 | | | | area reclaim

 | | | | small stones

 | | | |

RaC: | | | |

 Raquette----------------|Good |Probable |Probable |Poor:

 | | | | area reclaim

 | | | | small stones

 | | | |

Rd: | | | |

 Redwater----------------|Poor: |Probable |Probable |Poor:

 | wetness | | | area reclaim

 | | | | small stones

 | | | | wetness

 | | | |
482 Soil Survey

Table 13.--Construction Materials--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol | Roadfill | Sand | Gravel | Topsoil

 and soil name | | | |

_________________________|__________________|__________________|__________________|__________________

 | | | |

RoA: | | | |

 Roundabout--------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness | excess fines | excess fines | wetness

 | | | |

RoB: | | | |

 Roundabout--------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness | excess fines | excess fines | wetness

 | | | |

Rt: | | | |

 Runeberg----------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | | | | wetness

 | | | |

Ru: | | | |

 Runeberg, very stony----|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | | | | wetness

 | | | |

SaB: | | | |

 Salmon------------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Good

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines |

 | | | |

SaC: | | | |

 Salmon, rolling---------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | slope

 | | | |

Se: | | | |

 Searsport---------------|Poor: |Probable |Probable |Poor:

 | wetness | | | area reclaim

 | | | | too sandy

 | | | | wetness

 | | | |

Sg: | | | |

 Stockholm---------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | wetness | | | wetness

 | depth to rock | | | depth to rock

 | | | |

ShB: | | | |

 Summerville-------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | depth to rock | excess fines | excess fines | depth to rock

 | | | |

SkB: | | | |

 Summerville, rocky------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | depth to rock | excess fines | excess fines | depth to rock

 | | | |

 Gouverneur--------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | depth to rock | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | | | | depth to rock

 | | | |

SlD: | | | |

 Summerville, hilly------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | slope | excess fines | excess fines | slope

 | depth to rock | | | depth to rock

 | | | |

 Rock outcrop------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | slope | excess fines | excess fines | slope

 | depth to rock | | | depth to rock

 | | | |

SmC: | | | |

 Summerville, rolling----|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | depth to rock | excess fines | excess fines | depth to rock

 | | | |
St. Lawrence County, New York 483

Table 13.--Construction Materials--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol | Roadfill | Sand | Gravel | Topsoil

 and soil name | | | |

_________________________|__________________|__________________|__________________|__________________

 | | | |

SmC: | | | |

 Rock outcrop------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | depth to rock | excess fines | excess fines | depth to rock

 | | | |

 Nehasne, rolling--------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | depth to rock | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | | | |

SpB: | | | |

 Sunapee-----------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | | | |

SsB: | | | |

 Sunapee, very bouldery--|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | | | |

 Berkshire, very | | | |

 bouldery---------------|Good |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | | | |

Sw: | | | |

 Swanton-----------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | wetness | | | wetness

 | | | |

TdA: | | | |

 Trout River-------------|Fair: |Probable |Probable |Poor:

 | large stones | | | area reclaim

 | | | | small stones

 | | | |

TdB: | | | |

 Trout River-------------|Fair: |Probable |Probable |Poor:

 | large stones | | | area reclaim

 | | | | small stones

 | | | |

TfB: | | | |

 Trout River, very stony-|Fair: |Probable |Probable |Poor:

 | large stones | | | area reclaim

 | | | | small stones

 | | | | too sandy

 | | | |

 Fahey, very stony-------|Fair: |Probable |Probable |Poor:

 | large stones | | | small stones

 | wetness | | |

 | | | |

TuD: | | | |

 Tunbridge---------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | slope | excess fines | excess fines | slope

 | depth to rock | | | small stones

 | | | |

 Lyman-------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | slope | excess fines | excess fines | slope

 | depth to rock | | | small stones

 | | | | depth to rock

 | | | |

TwC: | | | |

 Tunbridge, rolling------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | depth to rock | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | | | |

 Lyman, rolling----------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | depth to rock | excess fines | excess fines | area reclaim

 | | | | small stones

 | | | | depth to rock

 | | | |
484 Soil Survey

Table 13.--Construction Materials--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol | Roadfill | Sand | Gravel | Topsoil

 and soil name | | | |

_________________________|__________________|__________________|__________________|__________________

 | | | |

TwC: | | | |

 Dawson------------------|Poor: |Probable |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness | | too sandy | excess humus

 | | | | wetness

 | | | |

Ua: | | | |

 Udipsamments, smoothed. | | | |

 | | | |

Ue: | | | |

 Udorthents, loamy. | | | |

 | | | |

Uf: | | | |

 Udorthents, clayey. | | | |

 | | | |

Ug: | | | |

 Udorthents, | | | |

 mine waste, acid. | | | |

 | | | |

Uh: | | | |

 Udorthents, mine waste, | | | |

 nonacid. | | | |

 | | | |

Un: | | | |

 Udorthents, refuse | | | |

 substratum. | | | |

 | | | |

Ur: | | | |

 Urban land--------------|Variable |Variable |Variable |Variable

 | | | |

W: | | | |

 Water. | | | |

 | | | |

WaA: | | | |

 Waddington--------------|Good |Improbable: |Probable |Poor:

 | | small stones | | area reclaim

 | | | | small stones

 | | | | too sandy

 | | | |

WaB: | | | |

 Waddington--------------|Good |Improbable: |Probable |Poor:

 | | small stones | | area reclaim

 | | | | small stones

 | | | | too sandy

 | | | |

WaC: | | | |

 Waddington, rolling-----|Good |Improbable: |Probable |Poor:

 | | small stones | | area reclaim

 | | | | small stones

 | | | | too sandy

 | | | |

WaD: | | | |

 Waddington--------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Probable |Poor:

 | slope | small stones | | area reclaim

 | | | | small stones

 | | | | too sandy

 | | | |

WdB: | | | |

 Waddington, very cobbly | | | |

 sandy loam-------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Probable |Poor:

 | large stones | small stones | | area reclaim

 | | | | small stones

 | | | | too sandy

 | | | |
St. Lawrence County, New York 485

Table 13.--Construction Materials--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol | Roadfill | Sand | Gravel | Topsoil

 and soil name | | | |

_________________________|__________________|__________________|__________________|__________________

 | | | |

Wg: | | | |

 Wegatchie---------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness | excess fines | excess fines | wetness

_________________________|__________________|__________________|__________________|__________________
Table 14.--Water Management (The information in this table indicates the dominant soil condition but does not eliminate the need for onsit

 See text for definitions of terms used in this table. Absence of an entry indicates that no rating is app_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Limitations for-- | Features affecting-- |____________________________________________|_________________________________________ Map symbol |Pond reservoir| Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Terraces  and soil name | areas | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation | diversio | | levees | ponds | | | ________________________|______________|______________|______________|______________|______________|___________ | | | | | | 021: | | | | | |  Dawson-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | seepage | excess humus | slow refill | frost action | rooting depth| ponding  | | ponding | cutbanks cave| subsides | ponding |  | | | | ponding | |  | | | | | |  Fluvaquents------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | seepage | seepage | slow refill | flooding | ponding | percs slow | | piping | cutbanks cave| percs slowly | droughty | too sandy  | | ponding | | ponding | | ponding  | | | | | |  Loxley-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | seepage | excess humus | slow refill | frost action | too acid | ponding  | | ponding | | subsides | ponding |  | | | | ponding | |  | | | | | | 023: | | | | | |  Loxley-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | seepage | excess humus | slow refill | frost action | too acid | ponding  | | ponding | | subsides | ponding |  | | | | ponding | |  | | | | | |  Dawson-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | seepage | excess humus | slow refill | frost action | rooting depth| ponding  | | ponding | cutbanks cave| subsides | ponding |  | | | | ponding | |  | | | | | | 363A: | | | | | |  Adams------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | seepage | seepage | no water | deep to water| fast intake | too sandy  | | piping | | | droughty | soil blow | | | | | | 363B: | | | | | |  Adams------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | seepage | seepage | no water | deep to water| fast intake | slope  | slope | piping | | | slope | too sandy  | | | | | droughty | soil blow | | | | | | 363D: | | | | | |  Adams------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | seepage | seepage | no water | deep to water| fast intake | slope  | slope | piping | | | slope | too sandy  | | | | | droughty | soil blow | | | | | | 
Table 14.--Water Management--Continued ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Limitations for-- | Features affecting-- |____________________________________________|________________________________________ Map symbol |Pond reservoir| Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Terraces  and soil name | areas | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation | diversio | | levees | ponds | | | ________________________|______________|______________|______________|______________|______________|__________ | | | | | | 365: | | | | | |  Naumburg---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | seepage | seepage | cutbanks cave| cutbanks cave| fast intake | too sandy  | | piping | | | wetness | wetness  | | wetness | | | droughty |  | | | | | |  Croghan----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | seepage | seepage | cutbanks cave| cutbanks cave| fast intake | too sandy  | | piping | | | wetness | wetness  | | wetness | | | droughty |  | | | | | | 376A: | | | | | |  Colton-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | seepage | seepage | no water | deep to water| fast intake | large sto | | | | | droughty | too sandy  | | | | | |  Duxbury----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Favorable |Limitation | seepage | seepage | no water | deep to water| | erodes ea | | | | | | too sandy  | | | | | |  Adams------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | seepage | seepage | no water | deep to water| fast intake | too sandy  | | piping | | | droughty | soil blow | | | | | | 376C: | | | | | |  Colton-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | seepage | seepage | no water | deep to water| fast intake | large sto | slope | | | | slope | slope  | | | | | droughty | too sandy  | | | | | |  Duxbury----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | seepage | seepage | no water | deep to water| slope | erodes ea | slope | | | | | slope  | | | | | | too sandy  | | | | | |  Adams------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | seepage | seepage | no water | deep to water| fast intake | slope  | slope | piping | | | slope | too sandy  | | | | | droughty | soil blow | | | | | | 376D: | | | | | |  Colton-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | seepage | seepage | no water | deep to water| fast intake | large sto | slope | | | | slope | slope  | | | | | droughty | too sandy  | | | | | | 
Table 14.--Water Management--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Limitations for-- | Features affecting-- |____________________________________________|_________________________________________ Map symbol |Pond reservoir| Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Terraces  and soil name | areas | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation | diversio | | levees | ponds | | | ________________________|______________|______________|______________|______________|______________|___________ | | | | | | 376D: | | | | | |  Duxbury----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | seepage | seepage | no water | deep to water| slope | erodes ea | slope | | | | | slope  | | | | | | too sandy  | | | | | |  Adams------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | seepage | seepage | no water | deep to water| fast intake | slope  | slope | piping | | | slope | too sandy  | | | | | droughty | soil blow | | | | | | 380B: | | | | | |  Colton-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | seepage | seepage | no water | deep to water| fast intake | large sto | slope | | | | slope | slope  | | | | | droughty | too sandy  | | | | | |  Duxbury----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | seepage | seepage | no water | deep to water| slope | erodes ea | slope | | | | | slope  | | | | | | too sandy  | | | | | |  Dawson-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | seepage | excess humus | slow refill | frost action | rooting depth| ponding  | | ponding | cutbanks cave| subsides | ponding |  | | | | ponding | |  | | | | | | 380D: | | | | | |  Colton-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | seepage | seepage | no water | deep to water| fast intake | large sto | slope | | | | slope | slope  | | | | | droughty | too sandy  | | | | | |  Duxbury----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | seepage | seepage | no water | deep to water| slope | erodes ea | slope | | | | | slope  | | | | | | too sandy  | | | | | |  Dawson-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | seepage | excess humus | slow refill | frost action | rooting depth| ponding  | | ponding | cutbanks cave| subsides | ponding |  | | | | ponding | |  | | | | | | 
Table 14.--Water Management--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Limitations for-- | Features affecting-- |____________________________________________|_________________________________________ Map symbol |Pond reservoir| Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Terraces  and soil name | areas | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation | diversio | | levees | ponds | | | ________________________|______________|______________|______________|______________|______________|___________ | | | | | | 643C: | | | | | |  Berkshire, very | | | | | |  bouldery--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | seepage | piping | no water | deep to water| slope | large sto | slope | | | | droughty | slope  | | | | | | 643D: | | | | | |  Berkshire, very | | | | | |  bouldery--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | seepage | piping | no water | deep to water| slope | large sto | slope | | | | droughty | slope  | | | | | | 644C: | | | | | |  Berkshire, rolling, | | | | | |  very bouldery---------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | seepage | piping | no water | deep to water| slope | large sto | slope | | | | droughty | slope  | | | | | |  Lyme, very bouldery----|Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Unranked: | --- |Unranked:  | seepage | piping | slow refill | frost action | | slope  | | wetness | | slope | | wetness  | | | | | | 644D: | | | | | |  Berkshire, hilly, very | | | | | |  bouldery--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | seepage | piping | no water | deep to water| slope | large sto | slope | | | | droughty | slope  | | | | | |  Lyme, very bouldery----|Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Unranked: | --- |Unranked:  | seepage | piping | slow refill | frost action | | slope  | | wetness | | slope | | wetness  | | | | | | 709B: | | | | | |  Adirondack, very | | | | | |  bouldery--------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | seepage | seepage | no water | frost action | slope | erodes ea | slope | | | percs slowly | wetness | large sto | | | | slope | droughty |  | | | | | |  Tughill, very bouldery-|Slight |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | | large stones | slow refill | large stones | large stones | percs slow | | seepage | | percs slowly | ponding | ponding  | | ponding | | ponding | |  | | | | | | 
Table 14.--Water Management--Continued ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Limitations for-- | Features affecting-- |____________________________________________|________________________________________ Map symbol |Pond reservoir| Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Terraces  and soil name | areas | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation | diversio | | levees | ponds | | | ________________________|______________|______________|______________|______________|______________|__________ | | | | | | 709B: | | | | | |  Lyme, very bouldery----|Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Unranked: | --- |Unranked:  | seepage | piping | slow refill | frost action | | wetness  | | wetness | | slope | |  | | | | | | 741C: | | | | | |  Potsdam, very bouldery-|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | slope | seepage | no water | percs slowly | percs slowly | erodes ea | | piping | | slope | slope | large sto | | | | | wetness | slope  | | | | | |  Tunbridge, very | | | | | |  bouldery--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | seepage | piping | no water | deep to water| slope | large sto | slope | | | | depth to rock| slope  | | | | | droughty | depth to  | | | | | |  Crary, very bouldery---|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | slope | piping | no water | frost action | slope | erodes ea | | | | percs slowly | wetness | large sto | | | | slope | droughty | slope  | | | | | | 741D: | | | | | |  Potsdam, very bouldery-|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | slope | seepage | no water | percs slowly | percs slowly | erodes ea | | piping | | slope | slope | large sto | | | | | wetness | slope  | | | | | |  Tunbridge, very | | | | | |  bouldery--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | seepage | piping | no water | deep to water| slope | large sto | slope | | | | depth to rock| slope  | | | | | droughty | depth to  | | | | | | 743C: | | | | | |  Potsdam, very bouldery-|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | slope | seepage | no water | percs slowly | percs slowly | erodes ea | | piping | | slope | slope | large sto | | | | | wetness | slope  | | | | | | 743D: | | | | | |  Potsdam, very bouldery-|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | slope | seepage | no water | percs slowly | percs slowly | erodes ea | | piping | | slope | slope | large sto | | | | | wetness | slope  | | | | | | 
Table 14.--Water Management--Continued ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Limitations for-- | Features affecting-- |____________________________________________|________________________________________ Map symbol |Pond reservoir| Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Terraces  and soil name | areas | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation | diversio | | levees | ponds | | | ________________________|______________|______________|______________|______________|______________|__________ | | | | | | 745C: | | | | | |  Crary, very bouldery---|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | slope | piping | no water | frost action | slope | erodes ea | | | | percs slowly | wetness | large sto | | | | slope | droughty | slope  | | | | | |  Potsdam, very bouldery-|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | slope | seepage | no water | percs slowly | percs slowly | erodes ea | | piping | | slope | slope | large sto | | | | | wetness | slope  | | | | | | 747B: | | | | | |  Crary, very bouldery---|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | seepage | piping | no water | frost action | slope | erodes ea | slope | | | percs slowly | wetness | large sto | | | | slope | droughty |  | | | | | |  Adirondack, very | | | | | |  bouldery--------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | seepage | seepage | no water | frost action | slope | erodes ea | slope | | | percs slowly | wetness | large sto | | | | slope | droughty |  | | | | | | 807: | | | | | |  Udorthents, mine | | | | | |  waste. | | | | | |  | | | | | | 831C: | | | | | |  Tunbridge, very | | | | | |  bouldery--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | seepage | piping | no water | deep to water| slope | large sto | slope | | | | depth to rock| slope  | | | | | droughty | depth to  | | | | | |  Lyman, very bouldery---|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | slope | piping | no water | deep to water| slope | slope  | depth to rock| thin layer | | | depth to rock| depth to  | | | | | droughty |  | | | | | | 831D: | | | | | |  Tunbridge, very | | | | | |  bouldery--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | seepage | piping | no water | deep to water| slope | large sto | slope | | | | depth to rock| slope  | | | | | droughty | depth to  | | | | | | 
Table 14.--Water Management--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Limitations for-- | Features affecting-- |____________________________________________|_________________________________________ Map symbol |Pond reservoir| Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Terraces  and soil name | areas | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation | diversio | | levees | ponds | | | ________________________|______________|______________|______________|______________|______________|___________ | | | | | | 831D: | | | | | |  Lyman, very bouldery---|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | slope | piping | no water | deep to water| slope | slope  | depth to rock| thin layer | | | depth to rock| depth to  | | | | | droughty |  | | | | | | 831F: | | | | | |  Tunbridge, very | | | | | |  bouldery--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | seepage | piping | no water | deep to water| slope | large sto | slope | | | | depth to rock| slope  | | | | | droughty | depth to  | | | | | |  Lyman, very bouldery---|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | slope | piping | no water | deep to water| slope | slope  | depth to rock| thin layer | | | depth to rock| depth to  | | | | | droughty |  | | | | | | 833C: | | | | | |  Tunbridge, very | | | | | |  bouldery--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | seepage | piping | no water | deep to water| slope | large sto | slope | | | | depth to rock| slope  | | | | | droughty | depth to  | | | | | |  Adirondack, very | | | | | |  bouldery--------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | seepage | seepage | no water | frost action | slope | erodes ea | slope | | | percs slowly | wetness | large sto | | | | slope | droughty |  | | | | | |  Lyman, very bouldery---|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | slope | piping | no water | deep to water| slope | slope  | depth to rock| thin layer | | | depth to rock| depth to  | | | | | droughty |  | | | | | | 835C: | | | | | |  Tunbridge, very | | | | | |  bouldery--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | seepage | piping | no water | deep to water| slope | large sto | slope | | | | depth to rock| slope  | | | | | droughty | depth to  | | | | | | 
Table 14.--Water Management--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Limitations for-- | Features affecting-- |____________________________________________|_________________________________________ Map symbol |Pond reservoir| Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Terraces  and soil name | areas | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation | diversio | | levees | ponds | | | ________________________|______________|______________|______________|______________|______________|___________ | | | | | | 835C: | | | | | |  Borosaprists-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | seepage | excess humus | slow refill | frost action | rooting depth| ponding  | | ponding | cutbanks cave| subsides | ponding |  | | | | ponding | |  | | | | | |  Ricker, very bouldery--|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | slope | thin layer | deep to water| slope | slope | erodes ea | depth to rock| | | depth to rock| depth to rock| slope  | | | | | | depth to  | | | | | | 861C: | | | | | |  Lyman------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | slope | piping | no water | deep to water| slope | slope  | depth to rock| thin layer | | | depth to rock| depth to  | | | | | droughty |  | | | | | |  Ricker, very bouldery--|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | slope | thin layer | deep to water| slope | slope | erodes ea | depth to rock| | | depth to rock| depth to rock| slope  | | | | | | depth to  | | | | | |  Rock outcrop, very | | | | | |  bouldery--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | slope | thin layer | no water | deep to water| slope | slope  | depth to rock| | | | depth to rock| depth to 861D: | | | | | |  Lyman, very bouldery---|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | slope | piping | no water | deep to water| slope | slope  | depth to rock| thin layer | | | depth to rock| depth to  | | | | | droughty |  | | | | | |  Ricker, very bouldery--|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | slope | thin layer | deep to water| slope | slope | erodes ea | depth to rock| | | depth to rock| depth to rock| slope  | | | | | | depth to  | | | | | |  Rock outcrop-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | slope | thin layer | no water | deep to water| slope | slope  | depth to rock| | | | depth to rock| depth to  | | | | | | 861F: | | | | | |  Lyman, very bouldery---|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | slope | piping | no water | deep to water| slope | slope  | depth to rock| thin layer | | | depth to rock| depth to  | | | | | droughty |  | | | | | | 
Table 14.--Water Management--Continued ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Limitations for-- | Features affecting-- |____________________________________________|________________________________________ Map symbol |Pond reservoir| Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Terraces  and soil name | areas | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation | diversio | | levees | ponds | | | ________________________|______________|______________|______________|______________|______________|__________ | | | | | | 861F: | | | | | |  Ricker, very bouldery--|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | slope | thin layer | deep to water| slope | slope | erodes ea | depth to rock| | | depth to rock| depth to rock| slope  | | | | | | depth to  | | | | | |  Rock outcrop-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | slope | thin layer | no water | deep to water| slope | slope  | depth to rock| | | | depth to rock| depth to  | | | | | | 891F: | | | | | |  Rock outcrop-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | slope | thin layer | no water | deep to water| slope | slope  | depth to rock| | | | depth to rock| depth to  | | | | | |  Ricker, very bouldery--|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | slope | thin layer | deep to water| slope | slope | erodes ea | depth to rock| | | depth to rock| depth to rock| slope  | | | | | | depth to  | | | | | |  Lyman, very bouldery---|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | slope | piping | no water | deep to water| slope | slope  | depth to rock| thin layer | | | depth to rock| depth to  | | | | | droughty |  | | | | | | AaB: | | | | | |  Adams, sand------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | seepage | seepage | no water | deep to water| fast intake | too sandy  | | piping | | | droughty | soil blow | | | | | | AaC: | | | | | |  Adams, sand------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | seepage | seepage | no water | deep to water| fast intake | slope  | slope | piping | | | slope | too sandy  | | | | | droughty | soil blow | | | | | | AaD: | | | | | |  Adams, sand------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | seepage | seepage | no water | deep to water| fast intake | slope  | slope | piping | | | slope | too sandy  | | | | | droughty | soil blow | | | | | | 
Table 14.--Water Management--Continued ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Limitations for-- | Features affecting-- |____________________________________________|________________________________________ Map symbol |Pond reservoir| Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Terraces  and soil name | areas | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation | diversio | | levees | ponds | | | ________________________|______________|______________|______________|______________|______________|__________ | | | | | | AdB: | | | | | |  Adams, loamy fine sand-|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | seepage | seepage | no water | deep to water| fast intake | too sandy  | | piping | | | slope | soil blow | | | | | droughty |  | | | | | | AdC: | | | | | |  Adams, loamy fine sand-|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | seepage | seepage | no water | deep to water| fast intake | slope  | slope | piping | | | slope | too sandy  | | | | | droughty | soil blow | | | | | | Ak: | | | | | |  Adjidaumo, silty clay--|Slight |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | | wetness | slow refill | frost action | percs slowly | erodes ea | | | | percs slowly | slow intake | percs slo | | | | | wetness | wetness  | | | | | | Am: | | | | | |  Adjidaumo, mucky silty | | | | | |  clay------------------|Slight |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | | ponding | slow refill | frost action | erodes easily| erodes ea | | | | percs slowly | percs slowly | percs slo | | | | ponding | ponding | ponding  | | | | | | Ao: | | | | | |  Adjidaumo, flooded-----|Slight |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | | ponding | slow refill | flooding | percs slowly | erodes ea | | | | percs slowly | slow intake | percs slo | | | | ponding | ponding | ponding  | | | | | | Ap: | | | | | |  Adjidaumo, silty clay, | | | | | |  rocky-----------------|Slight |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | | wetness | slow refill | frost action | percs slowly | erodes ea | | | | percs slowly | slow intake | percs slo | | | | | wetness | wetness  | | | | | | ArC: | | | | | |  Adjidaumo--------------|Slight |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | | wetness | slow refill | frost action | percs slowly | erodes ea | | | | percs slowly | slow intake | percs slo | | | | | wetness | wetness  | | | | | | 
Table 14.--Water Management--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Limitations for-- | Features affecting-- |____________________________________________|_________________________________________ Map symbol |Pond reservoir| Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Terraces  and soil name | areas | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation | diversio | | levees | ponds | | | ________________________|______________|______________|______________|______________|______________|___________ | | | | | | ArC: | | | | | |  Summerville------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | slope | piping | no water | deep to water| slope | slope  | depth to rock| | | | depth to rock| soil blow | | | | | droughty | depth to  | | | | | | BeB: | | | | | |  Berkshire--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | seepage | piping | no water | deep to water| slope | large sto | | | | | soil blowing | soil blow | | | | | | BgC: | | | | | |  Berkshire, very | | | | | |  bouldery--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | seepage | piping | no water | deep to water| slope | large sto | slope | | | | droughty | slope  | | | | | |  Lyme, very bouldery----|Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Unranked: | --- |Unranked:  | seepage | piping | slow refill | frost action | | slope  | slope | wetness | | slope | | wetness  | | | | | | BkC: | | | | | |  Berkshire, very | | | | | |  bouldery--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | seepage | piping | no water | deep to water| slope | large sto | slope | | | | droughty | slope  | | | | | |  Sunapee, very bouldery-|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Unranked: | --- |Unranked:  | seepage | piping | cutbanks cave| slope | | slope  | slope | wetness | | cutbanks cave| | too sandy  | | | | | | wetness  | | | | | | Bo: | | | | | |  Borosaprists-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | seepage | excess humus | slow refill | frost action | rooting depth| ponding  | | ponding | cutbanks cave| subsides | ponding |  | | | | ponding | |  | | | | | |  Fluvaquents------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | seepage | seepage | slow refill | flooding | ponding | percs slow | | piping | cutbanks cave| percs slowly | droughty | too sandy  | | ponding | | ponding | | ponding  | | | | | | 
Table 14.--Water Management--Continued ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Limitations for-- | Features affecting-- |____________________________________________|________________________________________ Map symbol |Pond reservoir| Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Terraces  and soil name | areas | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation | diversio | | levees | ponds | | | ________________________|______________|______________|______________|______________|______________|__________ | | | | | | Ce: | | | | | |  Carbondale, undrained--|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | seepage | excess humus | slow refill | frost action | soil blowing | soil blow | | ponding | | subsides | ponding | ponding  | | | | ponding | |  | | | | | | CgB: | | | | | |  Colton-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | seepage | seepage | no water | deep to water| fast intake | large sto | | | | | slope | too sandy  | | | | | droughty |  | | | | | |  Duxbury----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | seepage | seepage | no water | deep to water| slope | erodes ea | | | | | | too sandy  | | | | | | CgC: | | | | | |  Colton-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | seepage | seepage | no water | deep to water| fast intake | large sto | slope | | | | slope | slope  | | | | | droughty | too sandy  | | | | | |  Duxbury----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | seepage | seepage | no water | deep to water| slope | erodes ea | slope | | | | | slope  | | | | | | too sandy  | | | | | | CgD: | | | | | |  Colton-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | seepage | seepage | no water | deep to water| fast intake | large sto | slope | | | | slope | slope  | | | | | droughty | too sandy  | | | | | |  Duxbury----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | seepage | seepage | no water | deep to water| slope | erodes ea | slope | | | | | slope  | | | | | | too sandy  | | | | | | Ck: | | | | | |  Cook-------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Favorable |Limitation: |Limitation | seepage | piping | slow refill | | wetness | wetness  | | wetness | cutbanks cave| | droughty |  | | | | | |  | | | | | | 
Table 14.--Water Management--Continued ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Limitations for-- | Features affecting-- |____________________________________________|________________________________________ Map symbol |Pond reservoir| Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Terraces  and soil name | areas | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation | diversio | | levees | ponds | | | ________________________|______________|______________|______________|______________|______________|__________ | | | | | | Cn: | | | | | |  Cornish----------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | seepage | piping | cutbanks cave| flooding | flooding | erodes ea | | wetness | | frost action | wetness | wetness  | | | | cutbanks cave| |  | | | | | | Cp: | | | | | |  Coveytown--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Favorable |Limitation: |Limitation | seepage | wetness | slow refill | | fast intake | wetness  | | | cutbanks cave| | wetness | soil blow | | | | | droughty |  | | | | | | Cr: | | | | | |  Coveytown, very stony--|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | seepage | seepage | slow refill | large stones | wetness | large sto | | wetness | cutbanks cave| cutbanks cave| | too sandy  | | | | | | wetness  | | | | | |  Cook, very stony-------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Favorable |Limitation: |Limitation | seepage | piping | slow refill | | wetness | wetness  | | wetness | cutbanks cave| | droughty |  | | | | | |  | | | | | | CsB: | | | | | |  Crary------------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | seepage | piping | no water | frost action | percs slowly | erodes ea | slope | wetness | | percs slowly | rooting depth| wetness  | | | | slope | wetness |  | | | | | | CtB: | | | | | |  Crary, very bouldery---|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | seepage | piping | no water | frost action | slope | erodes ea | slope | | | percs slowly | wetness | large sto | | | | slope | droughty |  | | | | | |  Potsdam, very bouldery-|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | seepage | seepage | no water | percs slowly | percs slowly | erodes ea | slope | piping | | slope | slope | large sto | | | | | wetness |  | | | | | | CuB: | | | | | |  Croghan, sand----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | seepage | seepage | cutbanks cave| slope | fast intake | too sandy  | | piping | | cutbanks cave| wetness | wetness  | | wetness | | | droughty |  | | | | | | 
Table 14.--Water Management--Continued ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Limitations for-- | Features affecting-- |____________________________________________|________________________________________ Map symbol |Pond reservoir| Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Terraces  and soil name | areas | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation | diversio | | levees | ponds | | | ________________________|______________|______________|______________|______________|______________|__________ | | | | | | CvA: | | | | | |  Croghan, loamy fine | | | | | |  sand------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | seepage | seepage | cutbanks cave| cutbanks cave| fast intake | too sandy  | | piping | | | wetness | wetness  | | wetness | | | droughty |  | | | | | | CvB: | | | | | |  Croghan, loamy fine | | | | | |  sand------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | seepage | seepage | cutbanks cave| slope | fast intake | too sandy  | | piping | | cutbanks cave| wetness | wetness  | | wetness | | | droughty |  | | | | | | Da: | | | | | |  Dawson-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | seepage | excess humus | slow refill | frost action | rooting depth| ponding  | | ponding | cutbanks cave| subsides | ponding |  | | | | ponding | |  | | | | | | DAM: | | | | | |  Large dams. | | | | | |  | | | | | | Dd: | | | | | |  Deford, loamy fine | | | | | |  sand------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | seepage | seepage | cutbanks cave| ponding | fast intake | too sandy  | | piping | | cutbanks cave| ponding | soil blow | | ponding | | | droughty | ponding  | | | | | | Df: | | | | | |  Deford, mucky loamy | | | | | |  fine sand-------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | seepage | seepage | cutbanks cave| ponding | fast intake | too sandy  | | piping | | cutbanks cave| ponding | soil blow | | ponding | | | droughty | ponding  | | | | | | DpA: | | | | | |  Depeyster--------------|Slight |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | | piping | slow refill | frost action | percs slowly | erodes ea | | wetness | cutbanks cave| percs slowly | wetness | wetness  | | | | | | 
Table 14.--Water Management--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Limitations for-- | Features affecting-- |____________________________________________|_________________________________________ Map symbol |Pond reservoir| Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Terraces  and soil name | areas | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation | diversio | | levees | ponds | | | ________________________|______________|______________|______________|______________|______________|___________ | | | | | | DpB: | | | | | |  Depeyster--------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | slope | piping | slow refill | frost action | percs slowly | erodes ea | | wetness | cutbanks cave| percs slowly | slope | wetness  | | | | slope | wetness |  | | | | | | DpC: | | | | | |  Depeyster--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | slope | piping | slow refill | frost action | percs slowly | erodes ea | | wetness | cutbanks cave| percs slowly | slope | slope  | | | | slope | wetness | wetness  | | | | | | Dr: | | | | | |  Dorval-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | seepage | ponding | no water | percs slowly | percs slowly | percs slow | | | | subsides | soil blowing | soil blow | | | | ponding | ponding | ponding  | | | | | | Du: | | | | | |  Dune land--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | seepage | seepage | no water | deep to water| fast intake | slope  | slope | piping | | | soil blowing | too sandy  | | | | | droughty | soil blow | | | | | | EeB: | | | | | |  Eelweir----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | seepage | seepage | cutbanks cave| slope | slope | too sandy  | | piping | | cutbanks cave| wetness | wetness  | | wetness | | | soil blowing |  | | | | | | EmA: | | | | | |  Elmwood----------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | seepage | hard to pack | no water | frost action | wetness | erodes ea | | piping | | percs slowly | soil blowing | wetness  | | wetness | | | |  | | | | | | EmB: | | | | | |  Elmwood----------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | seepage | hard to pack | no water | frost action | slope | erodes ea | | piping | | percs slowly | wetness | wetness  | | wetness | | slope | soil blowing |  | | | | | | 
Table 14.--Water Management--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Limitations for-- | Features affecting-- |____________________________________________|_________________________________________ Map symbol |Pond reservoir| Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Terraces  and soil name | areas | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation | diversio | | levees | ponds | | | ________________________|______________|______________|______________|______________|______________|___________ | | | | | | Fa: | | | | | |  Fahey------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | seepage | seepage | cutbanks cave| cutbanks cave| fast intake | not neede | | wetness | | | seepage |  | | | | | droughty |  | | | | | | FkA: | | | | | |  Flackville-------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | seepage | piping | no water | percs slowly | wetness | wetness  | | | | | droughty | soil blow | | | | | | FkB: | | | | | |  Flackville-------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | seepage | piping | no water | percs slowly | slope | wetness  | | | | slope | wetness | soil blow | | | | | droughty |  | | | | | | Fu: | | | | | |  Fluvaquents, | | | | | |  frequently flooded----|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | seepage | seepage | slow refill | flooding | ponding | percs slow | | piping | cutbanks cave| percs slowly | droughty | too sandy  | | ponding | | ponding | | ponding  | | | | | |  Udifluvents, | | | | | |  frequently flooded----|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | seepage | seepage | slow refill | flooding | wetness | percs slow | | piping | cutbanks cave| percs slowly | droughty | too sandy  | | wetness | | | | wetness  | | | | | | GrB: | | | | | |  Grenville--------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Favorable  | seepage | piping | no water | deep to water| rooting depth|  | slope | | | | slope |  | | | | | droughty |  | | | | | | GrC: | | | | | |  Grenville--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | slope | piping | no water | deep to water| rooting depth| slope  | | | | | slope |  | | | | | droughty |  | | | | | | 
Table 14.--Water Management--Continued ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Limitations for-- | Features affecting-- |____________________________________________|________________________________________ Map symbol |Pond reservoir| Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Terraces  and soil name | areas | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation | diversio | | levees | ponds | | | ________________________|______________|______________|______________|______________|______________|__________ | | | | | | GsD: | | | | | |  Grenville, very stony--|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | slope | piping | no water | deep to water| rooting depth| slope  | | | | | slope |  | | | | | droughty |  | | | | | | Gu: | | | | | |  Guff-------------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | depth to rock| ponding | slow refill | percs slowly | percs slowly | erodes ea | | | depth to rock| ponding | ponding | ponding  | | | | depth to rock| | depth to  | | | | | | HaA: | | | | | |  Hailesboro-------------|Slight |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | | piping | slow refill | frost action | percs slowly | erodes ea | | wetness | | | wetness | wetness  | | | | | | HaB: | | | | | |  Hailesboro-------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | slope | piping | slow refill | frost action | percs slowly | erodes ea | | wetness | | slope | slope | wetness  | | | | | wetness |  | | | | | | Hc: | | | | | |  Hannawa----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | depth to rock| piping | no water | frost action | wetness | wetness  | | wetness | | depth to rock| depth to rock| depth to  | | | | | | HeB: | | | | | |  Heuvelton--------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | seepage | piping | no water | frost action | percs slowly | erodes ea | slope | | | percs slowly | wetness | wetness  | | | | slope | |  | | | | | | HeC: | | | | | |  Heuvelton, rolling-----|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | slope | piping | no water | frost action | percs slowly | erodes ea | | | | percs slowly | wetness | slope  | | | | slope | | wetness  | | | | | | HkE: | | | | | |  Heuvelton--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | slope | piping | no water | frost action | percs slowly | erodes ea | | | | percs slowly | wetness | slope  | | | | slope | | wetness  | | | | | | 
Table 14.--Water Management--Continued ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Limitations for-- | Features affecting-- |____________________________________________|________________________________________ Map symbol |Pond reservoir| Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Terraces  and soil name | areas | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation | diversio | | levees | ponds | | | ________________________|______________|______________|______________|______________|______________|__________ | | | | | | HkE: | | | | | |  Depeyster--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | slope | piping | slow refill | frost action | percs slowly | erodes ea | | wetness | cutbanks cave| percs slowly | slope | slope  | | | | slope | wetness | wetness  | | | | | | HnA: | | | | | |  Hogansburg-------------|Slight |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | | piping | no water | frost action | rooting depth| wetness  | | | | | wetness |  | | | | | | HnB: | | | | | |  Hogansburg-------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | slope | piping | no water | frost action | rooting depth| wetness  | | | | slope | slope |  | | | | | wetness |  | | | | | | HrB: | | | | | |  Hogansburg, very stony-|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | slope | piping | no water | frost action | rooting depth| wetness  | | | | slope | slope |  | | | | | wetness |  | | | | | |  Grenville, very stony--|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Favorable  | seepage | piping | no water | deep to water| rooting depth|  | slope | | | | slope |  | | | | | droughty |  | | | | | | IaB: | | | | | |  Insula-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | depth to rock| seepage | no water | deep to water| slope | depth to  | | | | | depth to rock|  | | | | | droughty |  | | | | | | InB: | | | | | |  Insula-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | depth to rock| seepage | no water | deep to water| slope | depth to  | | | | | depth to rock|  | | | | | droughty |  | | | | | | IrC: | | | | | |  Insula, rolling--------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | depth to rock| seepage | no water | deep to water| depth to rock| large sto | | | | | droughty | depth to  | | | | | |  | | | | | | 
Table 14.--Water Management--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Limitations for-- | Features affecting-- |____________________________________________|_________________________________________ Map symbol |Pond reservoir| Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Terraces  and soil name | areas | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation | diversio | | levees | ponds | | | ________________________|______________|______________|______________|______________|______________|___________ | | | | | | IrC: | | | | | |  Rock outcrop-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | slope | thin layer | no water | deep to water| slope | slope  | depth to rock| | | | depth to rock| depth to  | | | | | | IrD: | | | | | |  Insula, hilly----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | depth to rock| seepage | no water | deep to water| depth to rock| large sto | | | | | droughty | depth to  | | | | | |  | | | | | |  Rock outcrop-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | slope | thin layer | no water | deep to water| slope | slope  | depth to rock| | | | depth to rock| depth to  | | | | | | KaA: | | | | | |  Kalurah----------------|Slight |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | | seepage | no water | frost action | wetness | wetness  | | piping | | | |  | | | | | | KaB: | | | | | |  Kalurah----------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | slope | seepage | no water | frost action | slope | wetness  | | piping | | slope | wetness |  | | | | | | KbB: | | | | | |  Kalurah, very stony----|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | slope | seepage | no water | frost action | slope | wetness  | | piping | | slope | wetness |  | | | | | droughty |  | | | | | |  Pyrities, very stony---|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Favorable  | slope | seepage | no water | deep to water| percs slowly |  | | piping | | | slope |  | | | | | droughty |  | | | | | | Lc: | | | | | |  Lovewell---------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | seepage | piping | cutbanks cave| flooding | flooding | erodes ea | | wetness | | frost action | wetness | wetness  | | | | cutbanks cave| |  | | | | | | 
Table 14.--Water Management--Continued ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Limitations for-- | Features affecting-- |____________________________________________|________________________________________ Map symbol |Pond reservoir| Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Terraces  and soil name | areas | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation | diversio | | levees | ponds | | | ________________________|______________|______________|______________|______________|______________|__________ | | | | | | Ld: | | | | | |  Loxley-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | seepage | excess humus | slow refill | frost action | too acid | ponding  | | ponding | | subsides | ponding |  | | | | ponding | |  | | | | | | LeC: | | | | | |  Lyman------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | slope | piping | no water | deep to water| slope | slope  | depth to rock| thin layer | | | depth to rock| depth to  | | | | | droughty |  | | | | | |  Rock outcrop-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | slope | thin layer | no water | deep to water| slope | slope  | depth to rock| | | | depth to rock| depth to  | | | | | | LeD: | | | | | |  Lyman, very bouldery---|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | slope | piping | no water | deep to water| slope | slope  | depth to rock| thin layer | | | depth to rock| depth to  | | | | | droughty |  | | | | | |  Rock outcrop-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | slope | thin layer | no water | deep to water| slope | slope  | depth to rock| | | | depth to rock| depth to  | | | | | | Lt: | | | | | |  Lyme, very bouldery----|Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Unranked: | --- |Unranked:  | seepage | piping | slow refill | frost action | | wetness  | | wetness | | slope | |  | | | | | |  Tughill, very bouldery-|Slight |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | | large stones | slow refill | large stones | large stones | percs slo | | seepage | | percs slowly | ponding | ponding  | | ponding | | ponding | |  | | | | | | MaA: | | | | | |  Malone-----------------|Slight |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | | seepage | no water | frost action | wetness | percs slo | | piping | | percs slowly | droughty | wetness  | | wetness | | | |  | | | | | | 
 Table 14.--Water Management--Continued ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | Limitations for-- | Features affecting-- |____________________________________________|________________________________________ Map symbol |Pond reservoir| Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Terraces  and soil name | areas | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation | diversio | | levees | ponds | | | ________________________|______________|______________|______________|______________|______________|__________ | | | | | | MaB: | | | | | |  Malone-----------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | slope | seepage | no water | frost action | slope | percs slo | | piping | | percs slowly | wetness | wetness  | | wetness | | slope | droughty |  | | | | | | MbB: | | | | | |  Malone, very stony-----|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | slope | seepage | no water | frost action | slope | percs slo | | piping | | percs slowly | wetness | wetness  | | wetness | | slope | droughty |  | | | | | | MdB: | | | | | |  Malone, undulating-----|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | slope | seepage | no water | frost action | slope | percs slo | | piping | | percs slowly | wetness | wetness  | | wetness | | slope | droughty |  | | | | | |  Adjidaumo--------------|Slight |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | | wetness | slow refill | frost action | percs slowly | erodes ea | | | | percs slowly | wetness | percs slo | | | | | | wetness  | | | | | | MeB: | | | | | |  Malone, very stony-----|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | slope | seepage | no water | frost action | slope | percs slo | | piping | | percs slowly | wetness | wetness  | | wetness | | slope | droughty |  | | | | | |  Adjidaumo--------------|Slight |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | | wetness | slow refill | frost action | percs slowly | erodes ea | | | | percs slowly | slow intake | percs slo | | | | | wetness | wetness  | | | | | | MfA: | | | | | |  Matoon-----------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | depth to rock| thin layer | no water | frost action | wetness | erodes ea | | wetness | | depth to rock| depth to rock| wetness  | | | | | | depth to  | | | | | | MfB: | | | | | |  Matoon-----------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | slope | thin layer | no water | frost action | slope | erodes ea | depth to rock| wetness | | slope | wetness | wetness  | | | | depth to rock| depth to rock| depth to  | | | | | | 
Table 14.--Water Management--Continued ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Limitations for-- | Features affecting-- |____________________________________________|________________________________________ Map symbol |Pond reservoir| Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Terraces  and soil name | areas | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation | diversio | | levees | ponds | | | ________________________|______________|______________|______________|______________|______________|__________ | | | | | | Mh: | | | | | |  Mino-------------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | seepage | piping | slow refill | frost action | wetness | wetness  | | wetness | | | |  | | | | | | Mn: | | | | | |  Munuscong--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | seepage | hard to pack | slow refill | frost action | percs slowly | percs slo | | ponding | | percs slowly | soil blowing | soil blow | | | | ponding | ponding | ponding  | | | | | | MsA: | | | | | |  Muskellunge------------|Slight |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | | piping | slow refill | frost action | percs slowly | erodes ea | | wetness | cutbanks cave| percs slowly | wetness | wetness  | | | | | | MsB: | | | | | |  Muskellunge------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | slope | piping | slow refill | frost action | percs slowly | erodes ea | | wetness | cutbanks cave| percs slowly | slope | wetness  | | | | slope | wetness |  | | | | | | MuB: | | | | | |  Muskellunge------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | slope | piping | slow refill | frost action | percs slowly | erodes ea | | wetness | cutbanks cave| percs slowly | slope | wetness  | | | | slope | wetness |  | | | | | | MwB: | | | | | |  Muskellunge, | | | | | |  undulating------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | slope | piping | slow refill | frost action | percs slowly | erodes ea | | wetness | cutbanks cave| percs slowly | slope | wetness  | | | | slope | wetness |  | | | | | |  Adjidaumo--------------|Slight |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | | wetness | slow refill | frost action | percs slowly | erodes ea | | | | percs slowly | wetness | percs slo | | | | | | wetness  | | | | | | Na: | | | | | |  Naumburg---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | seepage | seepage | cutbanks cave| cutbanks cave| fast intake | too sandy  | | piping | | | wetness | wetness  | | wetness | | | droughty |  | | | | | | 
Table 14.--Water Management--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Limitations for-- | Features affecting-- |____________________________________________|_________________________________________ Map symbol |Pond reservoir| Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Terraces  and soil name | areas | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation | diversio | | levees | ponds | | | ________________________|______________|______________|______________|______________|______________|___________ | | | | | | NhA: | | | | | |  Nehasne----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | seepage | piping | no water | deep to water| depth to rock| depth to  | | | | | droughty |  | | | | | | NhB: | | | | | |  Nehasne----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | seepage | piping | no water | deep to water| slope | depth to  | | | | | depth to rock|  | | | | | droughty |  | | | | | | NhC: | | | | | |  Nehasne----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | seepage | piping | no water | deep to water| slope | slope  | slope | | | | depth to rock| depth to  | | | | | droughty |  | | | | | | NoA: | | | | | |  Nicholville------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | seepage | piping | no water | cutbanks cave| erodes easily| not neede | | | | | | NoB: | | | | | |  Nicholville------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | seepage | piping | no water | cutbanks cave| erodes easily| erodes ea | slope | | | | |  | | | | | | NoC: | | | | | |  Nicholville, rolling---|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | slope | piping | no water | slope | erodes easily| erodes ea | | | | cutbanks cave| slope |  | | | | | | NrB: | | | | | |  Nicholville------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | seepage | piping | no water | cutbanks cave| erodes easily| erodes ea | slope | | | | |  | | | | | | OgA: | | | | | |  Ogdensburg-------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | seepage | seepage | no water | frost action | wetness | wetness  | | piping | | depth to rock| depth to rock| depth to  | | wetness | | | |  | | | | | | 
Table 14.--Water Management--Continued ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Limitations for-- | Features affecting-- |____________________________________________|________________________________________ Map symbol |Pond reservoir| Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Terraces  and soil name | areas | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation | diversio | | levees | ponds | | | ________________________|______________|______________|______________|______________|______________|__________ | | | | | | OgB: | | | | | |  Ogdensburg-------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | seepage | seepage | no water | frost action | slope | wetness  | | piping | | slope | wetness | depth to  | | wetness | | depth to rock| depth to rock|  | | | | | | Pg: | | | | | |  Pits, gravel and sand--|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | seepage | seepage | no water | deep to water| fast intake | large sto | | | | | droughty | too sandy  | | | | | | Ph: | | | | | |  Pits, quarry-----------|Severe: |Slight |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | depth to rock| | no water | deep to water| depth to rock| depth to  | | | | | | PmC: | | | | | |  Potsdam----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | slope | piping | no water | percs slowly | erodes easily| erodes ea | | | | | percs slowly | rooting d | | | | | slope | slope  | | | | | | PoC: | | | | | |  Potsdam, very bouldery-|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | slope | seepage | no water | percs slowly | percs slowly | erodes ea | | piping | | slope | slope | large sto | | | | | wetness | slope  | | | | | |  Tunbridge, very | | | | | |  bouldery--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | seepage | piping | no water | deep to water| slope | large sto | slope | | | | depth to rock| slope  | | | | | droughty | depth to  | | | | | | PoD: | | | | | |  Potsdam, very bouldery-|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | slope | seepage | no water | percs slowly | percs slowly | erodes ea | | piping | | slope | slope | large sto | | | | | wetness | slope  | | | | | |  Tunbridge, very | | | | | |  bouldery--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | seepage | piping | no water | deep to water| slope | large sto | slope | | | | depth to rock| slope  | | | | | droughty | depth to  | | | | | | 
Table 14.--Water Management--Continued ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Limitations for-- | Features affecting-- |____________________________________________|________________________________________ Map symbol |Pond reservoir| Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Terraces  and soil name | areas | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation | diversio | | levees | ponds | | | ________________________|______________|______________|______________|______________|______________|__________ | | | | | | PpD: | | | | | |  Potsdam, very bouldery-|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | slope | seepage | no water | percs slowly | percs slowly | erodes ea | | piping | | slope | slope | large sto | | | | | wetness | slope  | | | | | |  Berkshire, very | | | | | |  bouldery--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | seepage | piping | no water | deep to water| slope | large sto | slope | | | | droughty | slope  | | | | | | PsC: | | | | | |  Potsdam, very bouldery-|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | slope | seepage | no water | percs slowly | percs slowly | erodes ea | | piping | | slope | slope | large sto | | | | | wetness | slope  | | | | | |  Crary, very bouldery---|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | slope | piping | no water | frost action | slope | erodes ea | | | | percs slowly | wetness | large sto | | | | slope | droughty | slope  | | | | | | PvB: | | | | | |  Pyrities---------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Favorable  | slope | seepage | no water | deep to water| percs slowly |  | | piping | | | slope |  | | | | | droughty |  | | | | | | PvC: | | | | | |  Pyrities---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | slope | seepage | no water | deep to water| percs slowly | slope  | | piping | | | slope |  | | | | | droughty |  | | | | | | PxD: | | | | | |  Pyrities, very stony---|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | slope | seepage | no water | deep to water| percs slowly | slope  | | piping | | | slope |  | | | | | droughty |  | | | | | | PyB: | | | | | |  Pyrities, rocky--------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Favorable  | slope | seepage | no water | deep to water| percs slowly |  | | piping | | | slope |  | | | | | droughty |  | | | | | | 
Table 14.--Water Management--Continued ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Limitations for-- | Features affecting-- |____________________________________________|________________________________________ Map symbol |Pond reservoir| Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Terraces  and soil name | areas | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation | diversio | | levees | ponds | | | ________________________|______________|______________|______________|______________|______________|__________ | | | | | | PyC: | | | | | |  Pyrities, rocky--------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | slope | seepage | no water | deep to water| percs slowly | slope  | | piping | | | slope |  | | | | | droughty |  | | | | | | PzC: | | | | | |  Pyrities, very stony---|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | slope | seepage | no water | deep to water| percs slowly | slope  | | piping | | | slope |  | | | | | droughty |  | | | | | |  Kalurah, very stony----|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | slope | seepage | no water | frost action | slope | slope  | | piping | | slope | wetness | wetness  | | | | | droughty |  | | | | | | QwB: | | | | | |  Quetico----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | depth to rock| thin layer | no water | deep to water| slope | soil blow | | | | | soil blowing | depth to  | | | | | depth to rock|  | | | | | |  Rock outcrop-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | depth to rock| thin layer | no water | deep to water| slope | depth to  | | | | | depth to rock|  | | | | | |  Insula-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | depth to rock| seepage | no water | deep to water| slope | depth to  | | | | | depth to rock|  | | | | | droughty |  | | | | | | RaA: | | | | | |  Raquette---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | seepage | seepage | no water | deep to water| soil blowing | too sandy  | | | | | droughty | soil blow | | | | | | RaB: | | | | | |  Raquette---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | seepage | seepage | no water | deep to water| slope | too sandy  | | | | | soil blowing | soil blow | | | | | droughty |  | | | | | | 
Table 14.--Water Management--Continued ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Limitations for-- | Features affecting-- |____________________________________________|________________________________________ Map symbol |Pond reservoir| Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Terraces  and soil name | areas | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation | diversio | | levees | ponds | | | ________________________|______________|______________|______________|______________|______________|__________ | | | | | | RaC: | | | | | |  Raquette---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | seepage | seepage | no water | deep to water| slope | slope  | slope | | | | soil blowing | too sandy  | | | | | droughty | soil blow | | | | | | Rd: | | | | | |  Redwater---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | seepage | piping | cutbanks cave| flooding | flooding | wetness  | | wetness | | frost action | wetness |  | | | | | | RoA: | | | | | |  Roundabout-------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | seepage | piping | no water | frost action | percs slowly | erodes ea | | wetness | | percs slowly | wetness | percs slo | | | | | | wetness  | | | | | | RoB: | | | | | |  Roundabout-------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | seepage | piping | no water | frost action | percs slowly | erodes ea | slope | wetness | | percs slowly | slope | percs slo | | | | slope | wetness | wetness  | | | | | | Rt: | | | | | |  Runeberg---------------|Slight |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | | piping | no water | frost action | percs slowly | percs slo | | wetness | | percs slowly | wetness | wetness  | | | | | | Ru: | | | | | |  Runeberg, very stony---|Slight |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | | piping | no water | frost action | percs slowly | percs slo | | wetness | | percs slowly | rooting depth| wetness  | | | | | wetness |  | | | | | | SaB: | | | | | |  Salmon-----------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | seepage | piping | no water | deep to water| erodes easily| erodes ea | slope | | | | slope |  | | | | | | SaC: | | | | | |  Salmon, rolling--------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | slope | piping | no water | deep to water| erodes easily| erodes ea | | | | | slope | slope  | | | | | | 
Table 14.--Water Management--Continued ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Limitations for-- | Features affecting-- |____________________________________________|________________________________________ Map symbol |Pond reservoir| Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Terraces  and soil name | areas | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation | diversio | | levees | ponds | | | ________________________|______________|______________|______________|______________|______________|__________ | | | | | | Se: | | | | | |  Searsport--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | seepage | seepage | cutbanks cave| ponding | ponding | too sandy  | | piping | | cutbanks cave| | ponding  | | ponding | | | |  | | | | | | Sg: | | | | | |  Stockholm--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | seepage | piping | no water | percs slowly | fast intake | percs slo | depth to rock| wetness | | depth to rock| wetness | wetness  | | | | | droughty | depth to  | | | | | | ShB: | | | | | |  Summerville------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | depth to rock| piping | no water | deep to water| slope | soil blow | | | | | depth to rock| depth to  | | | | | droughty |  | | | | | | SkB: | | | | | |  Summerville, rocky-----|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | depth to rock| piping | no water | deep to water| slope | soil blow | | | | | depth to rock| depth to  | | | | | droughty |  | | | | | |  Gouverneur-------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | depth to rock| thin layer | no water | deep to water| erodes easily| erodes ea | | | | | slope | depth to  | | | | | depth to rock|  | | | | | | SlD: | | | | | |  Summerville, hilly-----|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | slope | piping | no water | deep to water| slope | slope  | depth to rock| | | | depth to rock| soil blow | | | | | droughty | depth to  | | | | | |  Rock outcrop-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | slope | thin layer | no water | deep to water| slope | slope  | depth to rock| | | | depth to rock| depth to  | | | | | | SmC: | | | | | |  Summerville, rolling---|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | slope | piping | no water | deep to water| slope | slope  | depth to rock| | | | depth to rock| soil blow | | | | | droughty | depth to  | | | | | | 
Table 14.--Water Management--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Limitations for-- | Features affecting-- |____________________________________________|_________________________________________ Map symbol |Pond reservoir| Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Terraces  and soil name | areas | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation | diversio | | levees | ponds | | | ________________________|______________|______________|______________|______________|______________|___________ | | | | | | SmC: | | | | | |  Rock outcrop-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | slope | thin layer | no water | deep to water| slope | slope  | depth to rock| | | | depth to rock| depth to  | | | | | |  Nehasne, rolling-------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | seepage | piping | no water | deep to water| slope | slope  | slope | | | | depth to rock| depth to  | | | | | droughty |  | | | | | | SpB: | | | | | |  Sunapee----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | seepage | piping | cutbanks cave| slope | slope | too sandy  | | wetness | | cutbanks cave| wetness | wetness  | | | | | | SsB: | | | | | |  Sunapee, very bouldery-|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Unranked: | --- |Unranked:  | seepage | piping | cutbanks cave| slope | | too sandy  | | wetness | | cutbanks cave| | wetness  | | | | | |  Berkshire, very | | | | | |  bouldery--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | seepage | piping | no water | deep to water| slope | large sto | | | | | droughty |  | | | | | | Sw: | | | | | |  Swanton----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | seepage | wetness | no water | frost action | wetness | erodes ea | | | | percs slowly | soil blowing | wetness  | | | | | | soil blow | | | | | | TdA: | | | | | |  Trout River------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | seepage | seepage | no water | deep to water| fast intake | large sto | | | | | large stones | too sandy  | | | | | droughty |  | | | | | | TdB: | | | | | |  Trout River------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | seepage | seepage | no water | deep to water| fast intake | large sto | | | | | large stones | too sandy  | | | | | droughty |  | | | | | | 
Table 14.--Water Management--Continued ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Limitations for-- | Features affecting-- |____________________________________________|________________________________________ Map symbol |Pond reservoir| Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Terraces  and soil name | areas | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation | diversio | | levees | ponds | | | ________________________|______________|______________|______________|______________|______________|__________ | | | | | | TfB: | | | | | |  Trout River, very | | | | | |  stony-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | seepage | seepage | no water | deep to water| large stones | large sto | | | | | slope | too sandy  | | | | | droughty |  | | | | | |  Fahey, very stony------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | seepage | seepage | cutbanks cave| large stones | large stones | large sto | | wetness | | slope | wetness | too sandy  | | | | cutbanks cave| droughty | wetness  | | | | | | TuD: | | | | | |  Tunbridge--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | seepage | piping | no water | deep to water| slope | slope  | slope | | | | soil blowing | soil blow | | | | | droughty | depth to  | | | | | |  Lyman------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | slope | piping | no water | deep to water| slope | slope  | depth to rock| thin layer | | | depth to rock| depth to  | | | | | droughty |  | | | | | | TwC: | | | | | |  Tunbridge, rolling-----|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | seepage | piping | no water | deep to water| slope | slope  | slope | | | | soil blowing | soil blow | | | | | droughty | depth to  | | | | | |  Lyman, rolling---------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | slope | piping | no water | deep to water| slope | slope  | depth to rock| thin layer | | | depth to rock| depth to  | | | | | droughty |  | | | | | |  Dawson-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | seepage | excess humus | slow refill | frost action | rooting depth| soil blow | | ponding | cutbanks cave| subsides | soil blowing | ponding  | | | | ponding | ponding |  | | | | | | Ua: | | | | | |  Udipsamments, smoothed.| | | | | |  | | | | | | Ue: | | | | | |  Udorthents, loamy. | | | | | |  | | | | | | 
Table 14.--Water Management--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Limitations for-- | Features affecting-- |____________________________________________|_________________________________________ Map symbol |Pond reservoir| Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Terraces  and soil name | areas | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation | diversio | | levees | ponds | | | ________________________|______________|______________|______________|______________|______________|___________ | | | | | | Uf: | | | | | |  Udorthents, clayey. | | | | | |  | | | | | | Ug: | | | | | |  Udorthents, mine | | | | | |  waste, acid. | | | | | |  | | | | | | Uh: | | | | | |  Udorthents, mine | | | | | |  waste, nonacid. | | | | | |  | | | | | | Un: | | | | | |  Udorthents, refuse | | | | | |  substratum. | | | | | |  | | | | | | Ur: | | | | | |  Urban land-------------|Variable |Variable |Variable |Variable |Variable |Variable  | | | | | | W: | | | | | |  Water. | | | | | |  | | | | | | WaA: | | | | | |  Waddington-------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | seepage | seepage | no water | deep to water| droughty | large sto | | | | | | too sandy  | | | | | | WaB: | | | | | |  Waddington-------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | seepage | seepage | no water | deep to water| slope | large sto | | | | | droughty | too sandy  | | | | | | WaC: | | | | | |  Waddington, rolling----|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | seepage | seepage | no water | deep to water| slope | large sto | slope | | | | droughty | slope  | | | | | | too sandy  | | | | | | WaD: | | | | | |  Waddington-------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | seepage | seepage | no water | deep to water| slope | large sto | slope | | | | droughty | slope  | | | | | | too sandy  | | | | | | 
Table 14.--Water Management--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Limitations for-- | Features affecting-- |____________________________________________|_________________________________________ Map symbol |Pond reservoir| Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Terraces  and soil name | areas | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation | diversio | | levees | ponds | | | ________________________|______________|______________|______________|______________|______________|___________ | | | | | | WdB: | | | | | |  Waddington, very | | | | | |  cobbly sandy loam-----|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | seepage | seepage | no water | deep to water| large stones | large sto | | | | | slope | too sandy  | | | | | droughty |  | | | | | | Wg: | | | | | |  Wegatchie--------------|Slight |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitation | | piping | slow refill | frost action | erodes easily| erodes ea | | wetness | | | wetness | wetness ________________________|______________|______________|______________|______________|______________|___________
Table 15.--Engineering Index Properties (Absence of an entry indicates that the data were not estimated.) __________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passing  Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number--  and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |______________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|______|_ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 021: | | | | | | | | | |  Dawson----------| 0-5 |Peat |PT |A-8 | 0 | 0 | --- | --- | --- |  | 5-30 |Muck |PT |A-8 | 0 | 0 | --- | --- | --- |  | 30-72 |Loamy sand, |SP, SM, SC, |A-1, A-2, A- | 0 | 0 |45-100|35-100|15-90 |  | | gravelly sand,| GP | 3, A-4 | | | | | |  | | very gravelly | | | | | | | |  | | very fine sand| | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | |  Fluvaquents-----| 0-10 |Silt loam |CL, ML, SM |A-2, A-4, A-6| 0 | 0-5 |90-100|80-100|40-100|1 | 10-72 |Very gravelly |CL, SC-SM, |A-1, A-2, A-6| 0 | 0-15 |35-100|30-100|15-100|  | | sand, gravelly| ML, GM | | | | | | |  | | silt loam, | | | | | | | |  | | silty clay | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | |  Loxley----------| 0-3 |Mucky peat |PT |A-8 | 0 | 0 | --- | --- | --- |  | 3-72 |Muck |PT |A-8 | 0 | 0 | --- | --- | --- |  | | | | | | | | | | 023: | | | | | | | | | |  Loxley----------| 0-3 |Mucky peat |PT |A-8 | 0 | 0 | --- | --- | --- |  | 3-72 |Muck |PT |A-8 | 0 | 0 | --- | --- | --- |  | | | | | | | | | |  Dawson----------| 0-5 |Peat |PT |A-8 | 0 | 0 | --- | --- | --- |  | 5-30 |Muck |PT |A-8 | 0 | 0 | --- | --- | --- |  | 30-72 |Loamy sand, |SC, SM, SP, |A-1, A-2, A- | 0 | 0 |45-100|35-100|15-90 |  | | gravelly sand,| GP | 3, A-4 | | | | | |  | | very gravelly | | | | | | | |  | | very fine sand| | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 363A: | | | | | | | | | |  Adams-----------| 0-7 |Sand |SM, SP-SM |A-2, A-3 | 0 | 0 |95-100|95-100|50-75 |  | 7-8 |Sand, loamy |SM, SP-SM |A-2 | 0 | 0 |90-100|90-100|50-80 |  | | sand, loamy | | | | | | | |  | | fine sand | | | | | | | |  | 8-20 |Loamy sand, |SM, SP-SM |A-1, A-2, A-3| 0 | 0 |95-100|95-100|40-95 |  | | sand, loamy | | | | | | | |  | | fine sand | | | | | | | |  | 20-72 |Sand, fine |SP, SP-SM, |A-1, A-2, A-3| 0 | 0-1 |80-100|70-100|20-90 |  | | sand, coarse | SW-SM | | | | | | |  | | sand, gravelly| | | | | | | |  | | sand | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 
Table 15.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passing  Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number--  and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |______________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | _________________|_______|________________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|______|_ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 363B: | | | | | | | | | |  Adams-----------| 0-7 |Sand |SP-SM, SM |A-2, A-3 | 0 | 0 |95-100|95-100|50-75 |  | 7-8 |Sand, loamy |SM, SP-SM |A-2 | 0 | 0 |90-100|90-100|50-80 |  | | sand, loamy | | | | | | | |  | | fine sand | | | | | | | |  | 8-20 |Loamy sand, |SP-SM, SM |A-1, A-2, A-3| 0 | 0 |95-100|95-100|40-95 |  | | sand, loamy | | | | | | | |  | | fine sand | | | | | | | |  | 20-72 |Sand, fine |SW-SM, SP-SM,|A-1, A-2, A-3| 0 | 0-1 |80-100|70-100|20-90 |  | | sand, coarse | SP | | | | | | |  | | sand, gravelly | | | | | | | |  | | sand | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 363D: | | | | | | | | | |  Adams-----------| 0-7 |Sand |SM, SP-SM |A-2, A-3 | 0 | 0 |95-100|95-100|50-75 |  | 7-8 |Sand, loamy |SP-SM, SM |A-2 | 0 | 0 |90-100|90-100|50-80 |  | | sand, loamy | | | | | | | |  | | fine sand | | | | | | | |  | 8-20 |Loamy sand, |SP-SM, SM |A-1, A-2, A-3| 0 | 0 |95-100|95-100|40-95 |  | | sand, loamy | | | | | | | |  | | fine sand | | | | | | | |  | 20-72 |Sand, fine sand,|SW-SM, SP, |A-1, A-2, A-3| 0 | 0-1 |80-100|70-100|20-90 |  | | coarse sand, | SP-SM | | | | | | |  | | gravelly sand | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 365: | | | | | | | | | |  Naumburg--------| 0-5 |Moderately |PT | | 0 | 0 | --- | --- | --- |  | | decomposed | | | | | | | |  | | plant material | | | | | | | |  | 5-19 |Loamy fine sand |SP-SM, SM, |A-2, A-3, A-4| 0 | 0 |95-100|90-100|50-80 |  | | | SW-SM | | | | | | |  | 19-41 |Loamy fine |SP-SM, SM, |A-1, A-2, A-3| 0 | 0 |95-100|90-100|45-80 |  | | sand, sand, | SW-SM | | | | | | |  | | loamy sand | | | | | | | |  | 41-72 |Sand, loamy |SW-SM, SP-SM,|A-1, A-2, A-3| 0 | 0 |95-100|90-100|45-80 |  | | fine sand, | SM | | | | | | |  | | coarse sand | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | |  Croghan---------| 0-10 |Sand |SM, SP-SM, |A-1, A-2, A-3| 0 | 0 |95-100|95-100|45-80 |  | | | SW-SM | | | | | | |  | 10-44 |Sand, fine |SM, SP-SM, |A-1, A-2, A-3| 0 | 0 |85-100|75-100|45-80 |  | | sand, loamy | SW-SM | | | | | | |  | | sand | | | | | | | |  | 44-72 |Fine sand, |SM, SP-SM, |A-1, A-2, A-3| 0 | 0 |85-100|75-100|45-75 |  | | loamy sand, | SW-SM | | | | | | |  | | coarse sand | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 
Table 15.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passing  Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number--  and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |______________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|______|_ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | |  | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 376A: | | | | | | | | | |  Colton----------| 0-6 |Gravelly loamy |GM, SM |A-1, A-2, A-3| 0 | 0-22 |60-92 |50-75 |25-60 |  | | sand | | | | | | | |  | 6-20 |Very gravelly |SP, SM, GM |A-1 | 0-1 | 1-25 |50-90 |30-75 |20-50 |  | | sand, gravelly| | | | | | | |  | | loamy fine | | | | | | | |  | | sand, cobbly | | | | | | | |  | | coarse sand | | | | | | | |  | 20-72 |Very gravelly |SP, SW, GP, |A-1 | 0-1 | 8-40 |45-80 |20-55 |10-40 |  | | sand, very | GW | | | | | | |  | | cobbly loamy | | | | | | | |  | | sand, | | | | | | | |  | | extremely | | | | | | | |  | | gravelly | | | | | | | |  | | coarse sand | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | |  Duxbury---------| 0-7 |Silt loam |CL-ML, ML |A-4 | 0 | 0 |85-100|80-100|70-100|5 | 7-14 |Silt loam, fine|ML, MH |A-4, A-5 | 0 | 0 |85-100|70-100|70-100|5 | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | |  | | gravelly loam | | | | | | | |  | 14-24 |Gravelly loam, |SM, ML |A-2, A-4, A-5| 0 | 0 |70-92 |70-85 |50-85 |3 | | gravelly fine | | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | |  | | silt loam | | | | | | | |  | 24-72 |Very gravelly |GM, GP, GW, |A-1 | 0-5 | 0-20 |45-85 |30-50 |15-50 |  | | coarse sand, | SP | | | | | | |  | | very gravelly | | | | | | | |  | | loamy sand, | | | | | | | |  | | loamy sand | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | |  Adams-----------| 0-7 |Sand |SM, SP-SM |A-2, A-3 | 0 | 0 |95-100|95-100|50-75 |  | 7-8 |Sand, loamy |SM, SP-SM |A-2 | 0 | 0 |90-100|90-100|50-80 |  | | sand, sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, loamy | | | | | | | |  | | fine sand | | | | | | | |  | 8-20 |Loamy sand, |SM, SP-SM |A-1, A-2, A-3| 0 | 0 |95-100|95-100|40-95 |  | | sand, loamy | | | | | | | |  | | fine sand | | | | | | | |  | 20-72 |Sand, fine |SP-SM, SW-SM,|A-1, A-2, A-3| --- | 0-1 |80-100|70-100|20-90 |  | | sand, coarse | SP | | | | | | |  | | sand, gravelly| | | | | | | |  | | sand | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 
Table 15.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passing  Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number--  and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |______________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|______|_ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 376C: | | | | | | | | | |  Colton----------| 0-6 |Gravelly loamy |GM, SM |A-1, A-2, A-3| 0 | 0-22 |60-92 |50-75 |25-60 |  | | sand | | | | | | | |  | 6-20 |Gravelly loamy |GM, SP, SM |A-1 | 0-1 | 1-25 |50-90 |30-75 |20-50 |  | | fine sand, | | | | | | | |  | | very gravelly | | | | | | | |  | | sand, cobbly | | | | | | | |  | | coarse sand | | | | | | | |  | 20-72 |Very gravelly |GP, GW, SP, |A-1 | 0-1 | 8-40 |45-80 |20-55 |10-40 |  | | loamy sand, | SW | | | | | | |  | | very cobbly | | | | | | | |  | | sand, | | | | | | | |  | | extremely | | | | | | | |  | | gravelly | | | | | | | |  | | coarse sand | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | |  Duxbury---------| 0-7 |Silt loam |CL-ML, ML |A-4 | 0 | 0 |85-100|80-100|70-100|5 | 7-14 |Silt loam, fine|MH, ML |A-4, A-5 | 0 | 0 |85-100|70-100|70-100|5 | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | |  | | gravelly loam | | | | | | | |  | 14-24 |Gravelly loam, |ML, SM |A-2, A-4, A-5| 0 | 0 |70-92 |70-85 |50-85 |3 | | gravelly fine | | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | |  | | silt loam | | | | | | | |  | 24-72 |Very gravelly |GP, GW, GM, |A-1 | 0-5 | 0-20 |45-85 |30-50 |15-50 |  | | coarse sand, | SP | | | | | | |  | | very gravelly | | | | | | | |  | | loamy sand, | | | | | | | |  | | loamy sand | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | |  Adams-----------| 0-7 |Sand |SP-SM, SM |A-2, A-3 | 0 | 0 |95-100|95-100|50-75 |  | 7-8 |Sand, loamy |SM, SP-SM |A-2 | 0 | 0 |90-100|90-100|50-80 |  | | sand, sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, loamy | | | | | | | |  | | fine sand | | | | | | | |  | 8-20 |Loamy sand, |SP-SM, SM |A-1, A-2, A-3| 0 | 0 |95-100|95-100|40-95 |  | | sand, loamy | | | | | | | |  | | fine sand | | | | | | | |  | 20-72 |Sand, fine |SP-SM, SP, |A-1, A-2, A-3| --- | 0-1 |80-100|70-100|20-90 |  | | sand, coarse | SW-SM | | | | | | |  | | sand, gravelly| | | | | | | |  | | sand | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 
Table 15.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passing  Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number--  and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |______________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|______|_ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 376D: | | | | | | | | | |  Colton----------| 0-6 |Gravelly loamy |SM, GM |A-2, A-3, A-1| 0 | 0-22 |60-92 |50-75 |25-60 |  | | sand | | | | | | | |  | 6-20 |Gravelly loamy |SM, SP, GM |A-1 | 0-1 | 1-25 |50-90 |30-75 |20-50 |  | | fine sand, | | | | | | | |  | | very gravelly | | | | | | | |  | | sand, cobbly | | | | | | | |  | | coarse sand | | | | | | | |  | 20-72 |Very gravelly |GP, GW, SW, |A-1 | 0-1 | 8-40 |45-80 |20-55 |10-40 |  | | loamy sand, | SP | | | | | | |  | | very cobbly | | | | | | | |  | | sand, | | | | | | | |  | | extremely | | | | | | | |  | | gravelly | | | | | | | |  | | coarse sand | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | |  Duxbury---------| 0-7 |Silt loam |ML, CL-ML |A-4 | 0 | 0 |85-100|80-100|70-100|5 | 7-14 |Silt loam, fine|MH, ML |A-4, A-5 | 0 | 0 |85-100|70-100|70-100|5 | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | |  | | gravelly loam | | | | | | | |  | 14-24 |Gravelly loam, |SM, ML |A-2, A-4, A-5| 0 | 0 |70-92 |70-85 |50-85 |3 | | gravelly fine | | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | |  | | silt loam | | | | | | | |  | 24-72 |Very gravelly |SP, GW, GP, |A-1 | 0-5 | 0-20 |45-85 |30-50 |15-50 |  | | coarse sand, | GM | | | | | | |  | | very gravelly | | | | | | | |  | | loamy sand, | | | | | | | |  | | loamy sand | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | |  Adams-----------| 0-7 |Sand |SP-SM, SM |A-2, A-3 | 0 | 0 |95-100|95-100|50-75 |  | 7-8 |Sand, loamy |SM, SP-SM |A-2 | 0 | 0 |90-100|90-100|50-80 |  | | sand, sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, loamy | | | | | | | |  | | fine sand | | | | | | | |  | 8-20 |Loamy sand, |SP-SM, SM |A-1, A-2, A-3| 0 | 0 |95-100|95-100|40-95 |  | | sand, loamy | | | | | | | |  | | fine sand | | | | | | | |  | 20-72 |Sand, fine |SW-SM, SP-SM,|A-1, A-2, A-3| --- | 0-1 |80-100|70-100|20-90 |  | | sand, coarse | SP | | | | | | |  | | sand, gravelly| | | | | | | |  | | sand | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 
Table 15.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passing  Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number--  and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |______________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|______|_ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 380B: | | | | | | | | | |  Colton----------| 0-6 |Gravelly loamy |GM, SM |A-1, A-2, A-3| 0 | 0-22 |60-92 |50-75 |25-60 |  | | sand | | | | | | | |  | 6-20 |Gravelly loamy |SM, SP, GM |A-1 | 0-1 | 1-25 |50-90 |30-75 |20-50 |  | | fine sand, | | | | | | | |  | | very gravelly | | | | | | | |  | | sand, cobbly | | | | | | | |  | | coarse sand | | | | | | | |  | 20-72 |Very gravelly |GP, GW, SW, |A-1 | 0-1 | 8-40 |45-80 |20-55 |10-40 |  | | loamy sand, | SP | | | | | | |  | | very cobbly | | | | | | | |  | | sand, | | | | | | | |  | | extremely | | | | | | | |  | | gravelly | | | | | | | |  | | coarse sand | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | |  Duxbury---------| 0-7 |Silt loam |CL-ML, ML |A-4 | 0 | 0 |85-100|80-100|70-100|5 | 7-14 |Silt loam, fine|ML, MH |A-4, A-5 | 0 | 0 |85-100|70-100|70-100|5 | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | |  | | gravelly loam | | | | | | | |  | 14-24 |Gravelly loam, |ML, SM |A-2, A-4, A-5| 0 | 0 |70-92 |70-85 |50-85 |3 | | gravelly fine | | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | |  | | silt loam | | | | | | | |  | 24-72 |Very gravelly |GP, GM, GW, |A-1 | 0-5 | 0-20 |45-85 |30-50 |15-50 |  | | coarse sand, | SP | | | | | | |  | | very gravelly | | | | | | | |  | | loamy sand, | | | | | | | |  | | loamy sand | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | |  Dawson----------| 0-5 |Peat |PT |A-8 | 0 | 0 | --- | --- | --- |  | 5-30 |Muck |PT |A-8 | 0 | 0 | --- | --- | --- |  | 30-72 |Loamy sand, |SM, SC, GP, |A-1, A-2, A- | 0 | 0 |45-100|35-100|15-90 |  | | gravelly sand,| SP | 3, A-4 | | | | | |  | | very gravelly | | | | | | | |  | | very fine sand| | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 
Table 15.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passing  Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number--  and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |______________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|______|_ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 380D: | | | | | | | | | |  Colton----------| 0-6 |Gravelly loamy |SM, GM |A-1, A-2, A-3| 0 | 0-22 |60-92 |50-75 |25-60 |  | | sand | | | | | | | |  | 6-20 |Gravelly loamy |GM, SM, SP |A-1 | 0-1 | 1-25 |50-90 |30-75 |20-50 |  | | fine sand, | | | | | | | |  | | very gravelly | | | | | | | |  | | sand, cobbly | | | | | | | |  | | coarse sand | | | | | | | |  | 20-72 |Very gravelly |GP, GW, SP, |A-1 | 0-1 | 8-40 |45-80 |20-55 |10-40 |  | | loamy sand, | SW | | | | | | |  | | very cobbly | | | | | | | |  | | sand, | | | | | | | |  | | extremely | | | | | | | |  | | gravelly | | | | | | | |  | | coarse sand | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | |  Duxbury---------| 0-7 |Silt loam |CL-ML, ML |A-4 | 0 | 0 |85-100|80-100|70-100|5 | 7-14 |Silt loam, fine|MH, ML |A-4, A-5 | 0 | 0 |85-100|70-100|70-100|5 | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | |  | | gravelly loam | | | | | | | |  | 14-24 |Gravelly loam, |SM, ML |A-2, A-4, A-5| 0 | 0 |70-92 |70-85 |50-85 |3 | | gravelly fine | | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | |  | | silt loam | | | | | | | |  | 24-72 |Very gravelly |SP, GW, GP, |A-1 | 0-5 | 0-20 |45-85 |30-50 |15-50 |  | | coarse sand, | GM | | | | | | |  | | very gravelly | | | | | | | |  | | loamy sand, | | | | | | | |  | | loamy sand | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | |  Dawson----------| 0-5 |Peat |PT |A-8 | 0 | 0 | --- | --- | --- |  | 5-30 |Muck |PT |A-8 | 0 | 0 | --- | --- | --- |  | 30-72 |Loamy sand, |SP, GP, SC, |A-1, A-2, A- | 0 | 0 |45-100|35-100|15-90 |  | | gravelly sand,| SM | 3, A-4 | | | | | |  | | very gravelly | | | | | | | |  | | very fine sand| | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 
Table 15.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passing  Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number--  and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |______________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|______|_ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 643C: | | | | | | | | | |  Berkshire, very | | | | | | | | | |  bouldery-------| 0-7 |Loam |SM, ML |A-2, A-4, A-5| 1-5 | 0-15 |75-95 |70-92 |45-85 |2 | 7-30 |Loam, gravelly |SM, ML |A-2, A-4, A-5| 0-10 | 0-15 |75-92 |70-85 |40-80 |2 | | loam, fine | | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | | |  | 30-72 |Sandy loam, |SM, ML |A-2, A-4 | 0-10 | 0-15 |75-92 |70-85 |40-80 |2 | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, gravelly| | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 643D: | | | | | | | | | |  Berkshire, very | | | | | | | | | |  bouldery-------| 0-7 |Loam |ML, SM |A-2, A-4, A-5| 1-5 | 0-15 |75-95 |70-92 |45-85 |2 | 7-30 |Loam, gravelly |SM, ML |A-2, A-4, A-5| 0-10 | 0-15 |75-92 |70-85 |40-80 |2 | | loam, fine | | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | | |  | 30-72 |Sandy loam, |ML, SM |A-2, A-4 | 0-10 | 0-15 |75-92 |70-85 |40-80 |2 | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, gravelly| | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 644C: | | | | | | | | | |  Berkshire, | | | | | | | | | |  rolling, very | | | | | | | | | |  bouldery-------| 0-7 |Loam |SM, ML |A-2, A-4, A-5| 1-5 | 0-15 |75-95 |70-92 |45-85 |2 | 7-30 |Loam, gravelly |ML, SM |A-2, A-4, A-5| 0-10 | 0-15 |75-92 |70-85 |40-80 |2 | | loam, fine | | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | | |  | 30-72 |Sandy loam, |SM, ML |A-2, A-4 | 0-10 | 0-15 |75-92 |70-85 |40-80 |2 | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, gravelly| | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 
 Table 15.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passing  Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number--  and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |______________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|______|_ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 644C: | | | | | | | | | |  Lyme, very | | | | | | | | | |  bouldery-------| 0-3 |Sandy loam |ML, SM |A-2, A-4 | 1-5 | 0-10 |80-95 |75-92 |40-85 |2 | 3-16 |Sandy loam, |ML, SM |A-2, A-4 | 0-8 | 0-20 |70-95 |55-92 |40-85 |2 | | cobbly sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, cobbly | | | | | | | |  | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, gravelly| | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 16-72 |Gravelly sandy |ML, SM |A-2, A-4 | 0-8 | 1-20 |65-92 |50-85 |40-70 |1 | | loam, cobbly | | | | | | | |  | | loam, sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 644D: | | | | | | | | | |  Berkshire, | | | | | | | | | |  hilly, very | | | | | | | | | |  bouldery-------| 0-7 |Loam |ML, SM |A-2, A-4, A-5| 1-5 | 0-15 |75-95 |70-92 |45-85 |2 | 7-30 |Loam, gravelly |ML, SM |A-2, A-4, A-5| 0-10 | 0-15 |75-92 |70-85 |40-80 |2 | | loam, fine | | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | | |  | 30-72 |Sandy loam, |ML, SM |A-2, A-4 | 0-10 | 0-15 |75-92 |70-85 |40-80 |2 | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, gravelly| | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | |  Lyme, very | | | | | | | | | |  bouldery-------| 0-3 |Sandy loam |ML, SM |A-2, A-4 | 1-5 | 0-10 |80-95 |75-92 |40-85 |2 | 3-16 |Sandy loam, |ML, SM |A-2, A-4 | 0-8 | 0-20 |70-95 |55-92 |40-85 |2 | | cobbly sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, cobbly | | | | | | | |  | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, gravelly| | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 16-72 |Gravelly sandy |ML, SM |A-2, A-4 | 0-8 | 1-20 |65-92 |50-85 |40-70 |1 | | loam, cobbly | | | | | | | |  | | loam, sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 
Table 15.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passin Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number--  and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |______________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|______|_ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 709B: | | | | | | | | | |  Adirondack, | | | | | | | | | |  very bouldery--| 0-2 |Slightly |PT |A-8 | 0-8 | 0-25 | --- | --- | --- |  | | decomposed | | | | | | | |  | | plant material| | | | | | | |  | 2-3 |Highly |PT |A-8 | 0-8 | 0-25 | --- | --- | --- |  | | decomposed | | | | | | | |  | | plant material| | | | | | | |  | 3-8 |Fine sandy loam|SM, ML |A-4 | 1-8 | 0-25 |65-99 |50-92 |45-90 | | 8-22 |Stony fine |ML, SM |A-4 | 0-15 | 0-25 |65-95 |50-90 |40-80 | | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | |  | | stony sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, stony | | | | | | | |  | | loam, gravelly| | | | | | | |  | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 22-72 |Stony sandy |SM, GM |A-2-4, A-4 | 1-15 | 0-25 |65-95 |50-90 |35-70 | | | loam, gravelly| | | | | | | |  | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, gravelly| | | | | | | |  | | loamy fine | | | | | | | |  | | sand | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | |  Tughill, very | | | | | | | | | |  bouldery-------| 0-4 |Muck |PT |A-8 | 0-8 | 0-20 | --- | --- | --- |  | 4-8 |Gravelly mucky |SC, GC, GM, |A-1, A-2, A-4| 1-8 | 0-20 |65-92 |45-75 |30-70 | | | sandy loam | SM | | | | | | |  | 8-40 |Very gravelly |GM, GC, GC-GM|A-1, A-2 | 1-8 | 8-30 |55-85 |30-50 |20-50 | | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | |  | | very gravelly | | | | | | | |  | | loam, very | | | | | | | |  | | cobbly fine | | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | | |  | 40-72 |Very gravelly |GM, GC-GM, GC|A-1, A-2 | 1-8 | 8-30 |55-85 |30-50 |20-50 | | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | |  | | very gravelly | | | | | | | |  | | loam, very | | | | | | | |  | | cobbly fine | | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 
Table 15.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passing  Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number--  and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |______________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|______|_ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 709B: | | | | | | | | | |  Lyme, very | | | | | | | | | |  bouldery-------| 0-3 |Sandy loam |SM, ML |A-2, A-4 | 1-5 | 0-10 |80-95 |75-92 |40-85 |2 | 3-16 |Sandy loam, |ML, SM |A-2, A-4 | 0-8 | 0-20 |70-95 |55-92 |40-85 |2 | | cobbly sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, cobbly | | | | | | | |  | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, gravelly| | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 16-72 |Gravelly sandy |SM, ML |A-2, A-4 | 0-8 | 1-20 |65-92 |50-85 |40-70 |1 | | loam, cobbly | | | | | | | |  | | loam, sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 741C: | | | | | | | | | |  Potsdam, very | | | | | | | | | |  bouldery-------| 0-3 |Slightly |PT |A-8 | 0-5 | 0-5 | --- | --- | --- |  | | decomposed | | | | | | | |  | | plant material| | | | | | | |  | 3-6 |Highly |PT |A-8 | 0-5 | 0-5 | --- | --- | --- |  | | decomposed | | | | | | | |  | | plant material| | | | | | | |  | 6-9 |Very fine sandy|SM, ML |A-4 | 1-5 | 0-5 |92-100|75-100|65-100|4 | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 9-22 |Silt loam, very|SM, ML |A-4 | 0-1 | 0-5 |92-100|75-100|75-100|4 | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, loam | | | | | | | |  | 22-34 |Gravelly sandy |SM, GM |A-1, A-2, A-4| 1-15 | 1-25 |60-95 |50-85 |30-75 |1 | | loam, gravelly| | | | | | | |  | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 34-72 |Gravelly sandy |GM, SM |A-1, A-2, A-4| 1-15 | 1-25 |60-95 |50-85 |30-75 |1 | | loam, gravelly| | | | | | | |  | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 
Table 15.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passing  Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number--  and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |______________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|______|_ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 741C: | | | | | | | | | |  Tunbridge, very | | | | | | | | | |  bouldery-------| 0-3 |Silt loam |GM, ML, SM |A-2, A-4 | 1-5 | 0-20 |65-100|50-92 |40-90 |3 | 3-19 |Silt loam, |SM, ML |A-2, A-5 | 0-5 | 0-20 |65-100|50-92 |40-90 |3 | | gravelly fine | | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | | |  | 19-30 |Gravelly very |ML, SM |A-2, A-4 | 0-5 | 0-20 |60-98 |50-92 |30-90 |2 | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, silt | | | | | | | |  | | loam, sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 30-39 |Unweathered | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |  | | bedrock | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | |  Crary, very | | | | | | | | | |  bouldery-------| 0-8 |Silt loam |SM, ML |A-4 | 1-5 | 0-15 |85-100|75-100|55-95 |4 | 8-24 |Silt loam, very|ML, SM |A-4 | 0-1 | 0-5 |85-100|75-100|60-95 |4 | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, loam | | | | | | | |  | 24-36 |Stony fine |SM, ML, GM |A-1, A-2, A-4| 1-15 | 1-20 |65-92 |50-85 |35-80 |2 | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | |  | | gravelly sandy| | | | | | | |  | | loam, loam | | | | | | | |  | 36-72 |Stony fine |SM, ML, GM |A-1, A-2, A-4| 1-15 | 1-20 |60-92 |50-85 |35-80 |1 | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | |  | | gravelly sandy| | | | | | | |  | | loam, loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 
Table 15.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passing  Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number--  and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |______________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|______|_ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 741D: | | | | | | | | | |  Potsdam, very | | | | | | | | | |  bouldery-------| 0-3 |Slightly |PT |A-8 | 0-5 | 0-5 | --- | --- | --- |  | | decomposed | | | | | | | |  | | plant material| | | | | | | |  | 3-6 |Highly |PT |A-8 | 0-5 | 0-5 | --- | --- | --- |  | | decomposed | | | | | | | |  | | plant material| | | | | | | |  | 6-9 |Very fine sandy|ML, SM |A-4 | 1-5 | 0-5 |92-100|75-100|65-100|4 | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 9-22 |Silt loam, very|SM, ML |A-4 | 0-1 | 0-5 |92-100|75-100|75-100|4 | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, loam | | | | | | | |  | 22-34 |Gravelly sandy |GM, SM |A-1, A-2, A-4| 1-15 | 1-25 |60-95 |50-85 |30-75 |1 | | loam, gravelly| | | | | | | |  | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 34-72 |Gravelly sandy |GM, SM |A-1, A-2, A-4| 1-15 | 1-25 |60-95 |50-85 |30-75 |1 | | loam, gravelly| | | | | | | |  | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | |  Tunbridge, very | | | | | | | | | |  bouldery-------| 0-3 |Silt loam |GM, SM, ML |A-2, A-4 | 1-5 | 0-20 |65-100|50-92 |40-90 |3 | 3-19 |Silt loam, |SM, ML |A-2, A-5 | 0-5 | 0-20 |65-100|50-92 |40-90 |3 | | gravelly fine | | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | | |  | 19-30 |Gravelly very |SM, ML |A-2, A-4 | 0-5 | 0-20 |60-98 |50-92 |30-90 |2 | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, silt | | | | | | | |  | | loam, sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 30-39 |Unweathered | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |  | | bedrock | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 
Table 15.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passing  Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number--  and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |______________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|______|_ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 743C: | | | | | | | | | |  Potsdam, very | | | | | | | | | |  bouldery-------| 0-3 |Slightly |PT |A-8 | 0-5 | 0-5 | --- | --- | --- |  | | decomposed | | | | | | | |  | | plant material| | | | | | | |  | 3-6 |Highly |PT |A-8 | 0-5 | 0-5 | --- | --- | --- |  | | decomposed | | | | | | | |  | | plant material| | | | | | | |  | 6-9 |Very fine sandy|SM, ML |A-4 | 1-5 | 0-5 |92-100|75-100|65-100|4 | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 9-22 |Silt loam, very|SM, ML |A-4 | 0-1 | 0-5 |92-100|75-100|75-100|4 | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, loam | | | | | | | |  | 22-34 |Gravelly sandy |GM, SM |A-1, A-2, A-4| 1-15 | 1-25 |60-95 |50-85 |30-75 |1 | | loam, gravelly| | | | | | | |  | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 34-72 |Gravelly sandy |SM, GM |A-1, A-2, A-4| 1-15 | 1-25 |60-95 |50-85 |30-75 |1 | | loam, gravelly| | | | | | | |  | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 
Table 15.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passing  Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number--  and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |_______________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | 2_________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|______|__ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 743D: | | | | | | | | | |  Potsdam, very | | | | | | | | | |  bouldery-------| 0-3 |Slightly |PT |A-8 | 0-5 | 0-5 | --- | --- | --- | - | | decomposed | | | | | | | |  | | plant material| | | | | | | |  | 3-6 |Highly |PT |A-8 | 0-5 | 0-5 | --- | --- | --- | - | | decomposed | | | | | | | |  | | plant material| | | | | | | |  | 6-9 |Very fine sandy|ML, SM |A-4 | 1-5 | 0-5 |92-100|75-100|65-100|40 | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 9-22 |Silt loam, very|ML, SM |A-4 | 0-1 | 0-5 |92-100|75-100|75-100|45 | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, loam | | | | | | | |  | 22-34 |Gravelly sandy |SM, GM |A-4, A-1, A-2| 1-15 | 1-25 |60-95 |50-85 |30-75 |15 | | loam, gravelly| | | | | | | |  | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 34-72 |Gravelly sandy |GM, SM |A-1, A-2, A-4| 1-15 | 1-25 |60-95 |50-85 |30-75 |15 | | loam, gravelly| | | | | | | |  | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 745C: | | | | | | | | | |  Crary, very | | | | | | | | | |  bouldery-------| 0-8 |Silt loam |ML, SM |A-4 | 1-5 | 0-15 |85-100|75-100|55-95 |40 | 8-24 |Silt loam, very|ML, SM |A-4 | 0-1 | 0-5 |85-100|75-100|60-95 |40 | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, loam | | | | | | | |  | 24-36 |Stony fine |GM, ML, SM |A-1, A-2, A-4| 1-15 | 1-20 |65-92 |50-85 |35-80 |20 | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | |  | | gravelly sandy| | | | | | | |  | | loam, loam | | | | | | | |  | 36-72 |Stony fine |GM, SM, ML |A-1, A-2, A-4| 1-15 | 1-20 |60-92 |50-85 |35-80 |15 | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | |  | | gravelly sandy| | | | | | | |  | | loam, loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 
Table 15.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passing  Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number--  and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |______________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|______|_ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 745C: | | | | | | | | | |  Potsdam, very | | | | | | | | | |  bouldery-------| 0-3 |Slightly |PT |A-8 | 0-5 | 0-5 | --- | --- | --- |  | | decomposed | | | | | | | |  | | plant material| | | | | | | |  | 3-6 |Highly |PT |A-8 | 0-5 | 0-5 | --- | --- | --- |  | | decomposed | | | | | | | |  | | plant material| | | | | | | |  | 6-9 |Very fine sandy|SM, ML |A-4 | 1-5 | 0-5 |92-100|75-100|65-100|4 | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 9-22 |Silt loam, very|SM, ML |A-4 | 0-1 | 0-5 |92-100|75-100|75-100|4 | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, loam | | | | | | | |  | 22-34 |Gravelly sandy |SM, GM |A-1, A-2, A-4| 1-15 | 1-25 |60-95 |50-85 |30-75 |1 | | loam, gravelly| | | | | | | |  | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 34-72 |Gravelly sandy |SM, GM |A-1, A-2, A-4| 1-15 | 1-25 |60-95 |50-85 |30-75 |1 | | loam, gravelly| | | | | | | |  | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 747B: | | | | | | | | | |  Crary, very | | | | | | | | | |  bouldery-------| 0-8 |Silt loam |ML, SM |A-4 | 1-5 | 0-15 |85-100|75-100|55-95 |4 | 8-24 |Silt loam, very|SM, ML |A-4 | 0-1 | 0-5 |85-100|75-100|60-95 |4 | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, loam | | | | | | | |  | 24-36 |Stony fine |ML, GM, SM |A-1, A-2, A-4| 1-15 | 1-20 |65-92 |50-85 |35-80 |2 | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | |  | | gravelly sandy| | | | | | | |  | | loam, loam | | | | | | | |  | 36-72 |Stony fine |ML, SM, GM |A-1, A-2, A-4| 1-15 | 1-20 |60-92 |50-85 |35-80 |1 | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | |  | | gravelly sandy| | | | | | | |  | | loam, loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 
Table 15.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passing  Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number--  and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |______________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|______|_ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 747B: | | | | | | | | | |  Adirondack, | | | | | | | | | |  very bouldery--| 0-2 |Slightly |PT |A-8 | 0-8 | 0-25 | --- | --- | --- |  | | decomposed | | | | | | | |  | | plant material| | | | | | | |  | 2-3 |Highly |PT |A-8 | 0-8 | 0-25 | --- | --- | --- |  | | decomposed | | | | | | | |  | | plant material| | | | | | | |  | 3-8 |Fine sandy loam|SM, ML |A-4 | 1-8 | 0-25 |65-99 |50-92 |45-90 |2 | 8-22 |Stony fine |ML, SM |A-4 | 0-15 | 0-25 |65-95 |50-90 |40-80 |2 | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | |  | | stony sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, stony | | | | | | | |  | | loam, gravelly| | | | | | | |  | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 22-72 |Stony sandy |GM, SM |A-2-4, A-4 | 1-15 | 0-25 |65-95 |50-90 |35-70 |1 | | loam, gravelly| | | | | | | |  | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, gravelly| | | | | | | |  | | loamy fine | | | | | | | |  | | sand | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 807: | | | | | | | | | |  Udorthents, | | | | | | | | | |  mine waste-----| 0-4 |Gravelly loam |GM, SM, SC, |A-2, A-4, A-6| 0-7 | 0-5 |55-100|40-100|20-100|1 | | | ML, CL | | | | | | |  | 4-72 |Very gravelly |ML, GM, CL, |A-1, A-2, A- | 0-7 | 0-15 |55-100|40-100|20-100|1 | | sandy loam, | SC | 4, A-6 | | | | | |  | | channery loam,| | | | | | | |  | | silty clay | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 
Table 15.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passing  Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number--  and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |______________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|______|_ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 831C: | | | | | | | | | |  Tunbridge, very | | | | | | | | | |  bouldery-------| 0-3 |Silt loam |ML, SM, GM |A-2, A-4 | 1-5 | 0-20 |65-100|50-92 |40-90 |3 | 3-19 |Silt loam, |ML, SM |A-2, A-5 | 0-5 | 0-20 |65-100|50-92 |40-90 |3 | | gravelly fine | | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | | |  | 19-30 |Gravelly very |SM, ML |A-2, A-4 | 0-5 | 0-20 |60-98 |50-92 |30-90 |2 | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, silt | | | | | | | |  | | loam, sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 30-39 |Unweathered | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |  | | bedrock | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | |  Lyman, very | | | | | | | | | |  bouldery-------| 0-4 |Silt loam |SM, ML, GM |A-2, A-4 | 1-5 | 0-15 |85-95 |75-92 |55-92 |2 | 4-14 |Silt loam, |GM, ML, SM |A-1, A-2, A-4| 0-5 | 0-15 |70-95 |50-92 |35-85 |2 | | channery fine | | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 14-24 |Unweathered | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |  | | bedrock | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 831D: | | | | | | | | | |  Tunbridge, very | | | | | | | | | |  bouldery-------| 0-3 |Silt loam |GM, SM, ML |A-2, A-4 | 1-5 | 0-20 |65-100|50-92 |40-90 |3 | 3-19 |Silt loam, |ML, SM |A-2, A-5 | 0-5 | 0-20 |65-100|50-92 |40-90 |3 | | gravelly fine | | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | | |  | 19-30 |Gravelly very |SM, ML |A-2, A-4 | 0-5 | 0-20 |60-98 |50-92 |30-90 |2 | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, silt | | | | | | | |  | | loam, sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 30-39 |Unweathered | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |  | | bedrock | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 
Table 15.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passing  Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number--  and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |______________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|______|_ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 831D: | | | | | | | | | |  Lyman, very | | | | | | | | | |  bouldery-------| 0-4 |Silt loam |GM, ML, SM |A-2, A-4 | 1-5 | 0-15 |85-95 |75-92 |55-92 |2 | 4-14 |Silt loam, |ML, SM, GM |A-1, A-2, A-4| 0-5 | 0-15 |70-95 |50-92 |35-85 |2 | | channery fine | | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 14-24 |Unweathered | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |  | | bedrock | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 831F: | | | | | | | | | |  Tunbridge, very | | | | | | | | | |  bouldery-------| 0-3 |Silt loam |GM, ML, SM |A-2, A-4 | 1-5 | 0-20 |65-100|50-92 |40-90 |3 | 3-19 |Silt loam, |ML, SM |A-2, A-5 | 0-5 | 0-20 |65-100|50-92 |40-90 |3 | | gravelly fine | | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | | |  | 19-30 |Gravelly very |SM, ML |A-2, A-4 | 0-5 | 0-20 |60-98 |50-92 |30-90 |2 | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, silt | | | | | | | |  | | loam, sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 30-39 |Unweathered | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |  | | bedrock | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | |  Lyman, very | | | | | | | | | |  bouldery-------| 0-4 |Silt loam |GM, ML, SM |A-2, A-4 | 1-5 | 0-15 |85-95 |75-92 |55-92 |2 | 4-14 |Silt loam, |GM, SM, ML |A-1, A-2, A-4| 0-5 | 0-15 |70-95 |50-92 |35-85 |2 | | channery fine | | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 14-24 |Unweathered | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |  | | bedrock | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 
Table 15.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passing  Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number--  and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |______________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|______|_ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 833C: | | | | | | | | | |  Tunbridge, very | | | | | | | | | |  bouldery-------| 0-3 |Silt loam |ML, GM, SM |A-2, A-4 | 1-5 | 0-20 |65-100|50-92 |40-90 |3 | 3-19 |Silt loam, |ML, SM |A-2, A-5 | 0-5 | 0-20 |65-100|50-92 |40-90 |3 | | gravelly fine | | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | | |  | 19-30 |Gravelly very |SM, ML |A-2, A-4 | 0-5 | 0-20 |60-98 |50-92 |30-90 |2 | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, silt | | | | | | | |  | | loam, sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 30-39 |Unweathered | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |  | | bedrock | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | |  Adirondack, | | | | | | | | | |  very bouldery--| 0-2 |Slightly |PT |A-8 | 0-8 | 0-25 | --- | --- | --- |  | | decomposed | | | | | | | |  | | plant material| | | | | | | |  | 2-3 |Highly |PT |A-8 | 0-8 | 0-25 | --- | --- | --- |  | | decomposed | | | | | | | |  | | plant material| | | | | | | |  | 3-8 |Fine sandy loam|SM, ML |A-4 | 1-8 | 0-25 |65-99 |50-92 |45-90 |2 | 8-22 |Stony fine |ML, SM |A-4 | 0-15 | 0-25 |65-95 |50-90 |40-80 |2 | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | |  | | stony sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, stony | | | | | | | |  | | loam, gravelly| | | | | | | |  | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 22-72 |Stony sandy |SM, GM |A-4, A-2-4 | 1-15 | 0-25 |65-95 |50-90 |35-70 |1 | | loam, gravelly| | | | | | | |  | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, gravelly| | | | | | | |  | | loamy fine | | | | | | | |  | | sand | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 
Table 15.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passing  Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number--  and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |______________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|______|_ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 833C: | | | | | | | | | |  Lyman, very | | | | | | | | | |  bouldery-------| 0-4 |Silt loam |SM, ML, GM |A-2, A-4 | 1-5 | 0-15 |85-95 |75-92 |55-92 |2 | 4-14 |Silt loam, |GM, ML, SM |A-1, A-2, A-4| 0-5 | 0-15 |70-95 |50-92 |35-85 |2 | | channery fine | | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 14-24 |Unweathered | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |  | | bedrock | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 835C: | | | | | | | | | |  Tunbridge, very | | | | | | | | | |  bouldery-------| 0-3 |Silt loam |SM, ML, GM |A-2, A-4 | 1-5 | 0-20 |65-100|50-92 |40-90 |3 | 3-19 |Silt loam, |SM, ML |A-2, A-5 | 0-5 | 0-20 |65-100|50-92 |40-90 |3 | | gravelly fine | | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | | |  | 19-30 |Gravelly very |SM, ML |A-2, A-4 | 0-5 | 0-20 |60-98 |50-92 |30-90 |2 | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, silt | | | | | | | |  | | loam, sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 30-39 |Unweathered | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |  | | bedrock | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | |  Borosaprists----| 0-30 |Muck |PT |A-8 | 0 | 0 | --- | --- | --- |  | 30-72 |Sandy loam, |SM, SC, ML, |A-6, A-2, A-4| 0-2 | 0-2 |75-100|50-100|45-95 |2 | | gravelly loam,| CL | | | | | | |  | | silt loam, | | | | | | | |  | | very gravelly | | | | | | | |  | | loamy sand | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | |  Ricker, very | | | | | | | | | |  bouldery-------| 0-1 |Peat |PT |A-8 | 0-5 | 0-35 | --- | --- | --- |  | 1-3 |Mucky peat |PT |A-8 | 0-5 | 0-35 | --- | --- | --- |  | 3-4 |Loamy sand, |GM, SM, ML |A-1, A-2, A-4| 0-5 | 0-35 |60-100|35-100|20-95 |  | | gravelly | | | | | | | |  | | coarse sand, | | | | | | | |  | | very channery | | | | | | | |  | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, silt | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 4-14 |Unweathered | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |  | | bedrock | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 
Table 15.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passing  Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number--  and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |______________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|______|_ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 861C: | | | | | | | | | |  Lyman-----------| 0-4 |Silt loam |SM, ML, GM |A-2, A-4 | 1-5 | 0-15 |85-95 |75-92 |55-92 |2 | 4-14 |Silt loam, |SM, ML, GM |A-1, A-2, A-4| 0-5 | 0-15 |70-95 |50-92 |35-85 |2 | | channery fine | | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 14-24 |Unweathered | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |  | | bedrock | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | |  Ricker, very | | | | | | | | | |  bouldery-------| 0-1 |Peat |PT |A-8 | 0-5 | 0-35 | --- | --- | --- |  | 1-3 |Mucky peat |PT |A-8 | 0-5 | 0-35 | --- | --- | --- |  | 3-4 |Loamy sand, |GM, ML, SM |A-1, A-2, A-4| 0-5 | 0-35 |60-100|35-100|20-95 |  | | gravelly | | | | | | | |  | | coarse sand, | | | | | | | |  | | very channery | | | | | | | |  | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, silt | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 4-14 |Unweathered | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |  | | bedrock | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | |  Rock outcrop, | | | | | | | | | |  very bouldery--| 0-8 |Unweathered | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |  | | bedrock | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 861D: | | | | | | | | | |  Lyman, very | | | | | | | | | |  bouldery-------| 0-4 |Silt loam |GM, ML, SM |A-2, A-4 | 1-5 | 0-15 |85-95 |75-92 |55-92 |2 | 4-14 |Silt loam, |GM, SM, ML |A-1, A-2, A-4| 0-5 | 0-15 |70-95 |50-92 |35-85 |2 | | channery fine | | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 14-24 |Unweathered | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |  | | bedrock | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 
Table 15.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passing  Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number--  and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |______________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|______|_ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 861D: | | | | | | | | | |  Ricker, very | | | | | | | | | |  bouldery-------| 0-1 |Peat |PT |A-8 | 0-5 | 0-35 | --- | --- | --- |  | 1-3 |Mucky peat |PT |A-8 | 0-5 | 0-35 | --- | --- | --- |  | 3-4 |Loamy sand, |GM, ML, SM |A-1, A-2, A-4| 0-5 | 0-35 |60-100|35-100|20-95 |  | | gravelly | | | | | | | |  | | coarse sand, | | | | | | | |  | | very channery | | | | | | | |  | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, silt | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 4-14 |Unweathered | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |  | | bedrock | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | |  Rock outcrop----| 0-8 |Unweathered | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |  | | bedrock | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 861F: | | | | | | | | | |  Lyman, very | | | | | | | | | |  bouldery-------| 0-4 |Silt loam |SM, ML, GM |A-2, A-4 | 1-5 | 0-15 |85-95 |75-92 |55-92 |2 | 4-14 |Silt loam, |ML, SM, GM |A-1, A-2, A-4| 0-5 | 0-15 |70-95 |50-92 |35-85 |2 | | channery fine | | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 14-24 |Unweathered | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |  | | bedrock | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | |  Ricker, very | | | | | | | | | |  bouldery-------| 0-1 |Peat |PT |A-8 | 0-5 | 0-35 | --- | --- | --- |  | 1-3 |Mucky peat |PT |A-8 | 0-5 | 0-35 | --- | --- | --- |  | 3-4 |Loamy sand, |GM, ML, SM |A-1, A-2, A-4| 0-5 | 0-35 |60-100|35-100|20-95 |  | | gravelly | | | | | | | |  | | coarse sand, | | | | | | | |  | | very channery | | | | | | | |  | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, silt | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 4-14 |Unweathered | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |  | | bedrock | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | |  Rock outcrop----| 0-8 |Unweathered | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |  | | bedrock | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 891F: | | | | | | | | | |  Rock outcrop----| 0-8 |Unweathered | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |  | | bedrock | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 
Table 15.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passing  Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number--  and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |______________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|______|_ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 891F: | | | | | | | | | |  Ricker, very | | | | | | | | | |  bouldery-------| 0-1 |Peat |PT |A-8 | 0-5 | 0-35 | --- | --- | --- |  | 1-3 |Mucky peat |PT |A-8 | 0-5 | 0-35 | --- | --- | --- |  | 3-4 |Loamy sand, |GM, ML, SM |A-1, A-2, A-4| 0-5 | 0-35 |60-100|35-100|20-95 |  | | gravelly | | | | | | | |  | | coarse sand, | | | | | | | |  | | very channery | | | | | | | |  | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, silt | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 4-14 |Unweathered | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |  | | bedrock | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | |  Lyman, very | | | | | | | | | |  bouldery-------| 0-4 |Silt loam |SM, ML, GM |A-2, A-4 | 1-5 | 0-15 |85-95 |75-92 |55-92 |2 | 4-14 |Silt loam, |GM, ML, SM |A-1, A-2, A-4| 0-5 | 0-15 |70-95 |50-92 |35-85 |2 | | channery fine | | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 14-24 |Unweathered | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |  | | bedrock | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | AaB: | | | | | | | | | |  Adams, sand-----| 0-7 |Sand |SP-SM, SM |A-2, A-3 | 0 | 0 |95-100|95-100|50-75 |  | 7-8 |Sand, loamy |SM, SP-SM |A-2 | 0 | 0 |90-100|90-100|50-80 |  | | sand, loamy | | | | | | | |  | | fine sand | | | | | | | |  | 8-20 |Loamy sand, |SM, SP-SM |A-1, A-2, A-3| 0 | 0 |95-100|95-100|40-95 |  | | sand, loamy | | | | | | | |  | | fine sand | | | | | | | |  | 20-72 |Sand, fine |SW-SM, SP-SM,|A-1, A-2, A-3| 0 | 0-1 |80-100|70-100|20-90 |  | | sand, coarse | SP | | | | | | |  | | sand, gravelly| | | | | | | |  | | sand | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 
Table 15.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passing  Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number--  and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |______________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|______|_ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | AaC: | | | | | | | | | |  Adams, sand-----| 0-7 |Sand |SP-SM, SM |A-2, A-3 | 0 | 0 |95-100|95-100|50-75 |  | 7-8 |Sand, loamy |SM, SP-SM |A-2 | 0 | 0 |90-100|90-100|50-80 |  | | sand, loamy | | | | | | | |  | | fine sand | | | | | | | |  | 8-20 |Loamy sand, |SM, SP-SM |A-1, A-2, A-3| 0 | 0 |95-100|95-100|40-95 |  | | sand, loamy | | | | | | | |  | | fine sand | | | | | | | |  | 20-72 |Sand, fine |SP, SP-SM, |A-1, A-2, A-3| 0 | 0-1 |80-100|70-100|20-90 |  | | sand, coarse | SW-SM | | | | | | |  | | sand, gravelly| | | | | | | |  | | sand | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | AaD: | | | | | | | | | |  Adams, sand-----| 0-7 |Sand |SM, SP-SM |A-2, A-3 | 0 | 0 |95-100|95-100|50-75 |  | 7-8 |Sand, loamy |SP-SM, SM |A-2 | 0 | 0 |90-100|90-100|50-80 |  | | sand, loamy | | | | | | | |  | | fine sand | | | | | | | |  | 8-20 |Loamy sand, |SM, SP-SM |A-1, A-2, A-3| 0 | 0 |95-100|95-100|40-95 |  | | sand, loamy | | | | | | | |  | | fine sand | | | | | | | |  | 20-72 |Sand, fine |SP, SP-SM, |A-1, A-2, A-3| 0 | 0-1 |80-100|70-100|20-90 |  | | sand, coarse | SW-SM | | | | | | |  | | sand, gravelly| | | | | | | |  | | sand | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | AdB: | | | | | | | | | |  Adams, loamy | | | | | | | | | |  fine sand------| 0-7 |Loamy fine sand|SM, SP-SM |A-2, A-3 | 0 | 0 |95-100|95-100|50-75 |  | 7-8 |Sand, loamy |SM, SP-SM |A-2 | 0 | 0 |90-100|90-100|50-80 |  | | sand, loamy | | | | | | | |  | | fine sand | | | | | | | |  | 8-20 |Loamy sand, |SM, SP-SM |A-1, A-2, A-3| 0 | 0 |95-100|95-100|40-95 |  | | sand, loamy | | | | | | | |  | | fine sand | | | | | | | |  | 20-72 |Sand, fine |SP-SM, SW-SM,|A-1, A-2, A-3| 0 | 0-1 |80-100|70-100|20-90 |  | | sand, coarse | SP | | | | | | |  | | sand, gravelly| | | | | | | |  | | sand | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 
Table 15.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passing  Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number--  and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |______________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|______|_ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | AdC: | | | | | | | | | |  Adams, loamy | | | | | | | | | |  fine sand------| 0-7 |Loamy fine sand|SP-SM, SM |A-2, A-3 | 0 | 0 |95-100|95-100|50-75 |  | 7-8 |Sand, loamy |SP-SM, SM |A-2 | 0 | 0 |90-100|90-100|50-80 |  | | sand, sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, loamy | | | | | | | |  | | fine sand | | | | | | | |  | 8-20 |Loamy sand, |SP-SM, SM |A-1, A-2, A-3| 0 | 0 |95-100|95-100|40-95 |  | | sand, loamy | | | | | | | |  | | fine sand | | | | | | | |  | 20-72 |Sand, fine |SP, SP-SM, |A-1, A-2, A-3| 0 | 0-1 |80-100|70-100|20-90 |  | | sand, coarse | SW-SM | | | | | | |  | | sand, gravelly| | | | | | | |  | | sand | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | Ak: | | | | | | | | | |  Adjidaumo, | | | | | | | | | |  silty clay-----| 0-8 |Silty clay |MH, ML |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 |95-100|95-100|85-100|7 | 8-27 |Silty clay, |CL, CH |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 |95-100|95-100|85-100|7 | | clay, silty | | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | | |  | 27-72 |Clay, silty |CL, CH |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 |85-100|70-100|65-100|6 | | clay, silty | | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | Am: | | | | | | | | | |  Adjidaumo, | | | | | | | | | |  mucky silty | | | | | | | | | |  clay-----------| 0-8 |Mucky silty |MH, ML |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 |95-100|95-100|85-100|7 | | clay | | | | | | | |  | 8-27 |Silty clay, |CL, CH |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 |95-100|95-100|85-100|7 | | clay, silty | | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | | |  | 27-72 |Clay, silty |CL, CH |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 |85-100|70-100|65-100|6 | | clay, silty | | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | Ao: | | | | | | | | | |  Adjidaumo, | | | | | | | | | |  flooded--------| 0-8 |Silty clay |MH, ML |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 |95-100|95-100|85-100|7 | 8-27 |Silty clay, |CH, CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 |95-100|95-100|85-100|7 | | clay, silty | | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | | |  | 27-72 |Clay, silty |CL, CH |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 |85-100|70-100|65-100|6 | | clay, silty | | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 
Table 15.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passing  Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number--  and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |______________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|______|_ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | Ap: | | | | | | | | | |  Adjidaumo, | | | | | | | | | |  silty clay | | | | | | | | | |  rocky----------| 0-8 |Silty clay |MH, ML |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 |95-100|95-100|85-100|7 | 8-27 |Silty clay, |CH, CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 |95-100|95-100|85-100|7 | | clay, silty | | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | | |  | 27-72 |Clay, silty |CL, CH |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 |85-100|70-100|65-100|6 | | clay, silty | | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | ArC: | | | | | | | | | |  Adjidaumo-------| 0-8 |Silty clay |ML, MH |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 |95-100|95-100|85-100|7 | 8-27 |Silty clay, |CL, CH |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 |95-100|95-100|85-100|7 | | clay, silty | | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | | |  | 27-72 |Clay, silty |CL, CH |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 |85-100|70-100|65-100|6 | | clay, silty | | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | |  Summerville-----| 0-6 |Fine sandy loam|SC-SM, CL-ML,|A-2-4, A-4 | 0 | 0-25 |92-100|90-100|55-95 |2 | | | SC, CL | | | | | | |  | 6-12 |Fine sandy |CL, CL-ML, |A-2-4, A-2-6,| 0 | 0-25 |92-100|90-100|55-95 |2 | | loam, sandy | SC, SC-SM | A-4 | | | | | |  | | loam, loam | | | | | | | |  | 12-22 |Unweathered | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |  | | bedrock | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | BeB: | | | | | | | | | |  Berkshire-------| 0-7 |Loam |ML, SM |A-2, A-4, A-5| 0 | 0-15 |75-95 |70-92 |45-85 |2 | 7-30 |Loam, gravelly |ML, SM |A-2, A-4, A-5| 0-10 | 0-15 |75-92 |70-85 |40-80 |2 | | loam, fine | | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | | |  | 30-72 |Sandy loam, |ML, SM |A-2, A-4 | 0-10 | 0-15 |75-92 |70-85 |40-80 |2 | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, gravelly| | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 
Table 15.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passing  Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number--  and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |______________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|______|_ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | BgC: | | | | | | | | | |  Berkshire, very | | | | | | | | | |  bouldery-------| 0-7 |Loam |SM, ML |A-2, A-4, A-5| 1-5 | 0-15 |75-95 |70-92 |45-85 |2 | 7-30 |Loam, gravelly |ML, SM |A-2, A-4, A-5| 0-10 | 0-15 |75-92 |70-85 |40-80 |2 | | loam, fine | | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | | |  | 30-72 |Sandy loam, |ML, SM |A-2, A-4 | 0-10 | 0-15 |75-92 |70-85 |40-80 |2 | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, gravelly| | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | |  Lyme, very | | | | | | | | | |  bouldery-------| 0-3 |Sandy loam |ML, SM |A-2, A-4 | 1-5 | 0-10 |80-95 |75-92 |40-85 |2 | 3-16 |Sandy loam, |ML, SM |A-2, A-4 | 0-8 | 0-20 |70-95 |55-92 |40-85 |2 | | cobbly sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, cobbly | | | | | | | |  | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, gravelly| | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 16-72 |Gravelly sandy |ML, SM |A-2, A-4 | 0-8 | 1-20 |65-92 |50-85 |40-70 |1 | | loam, cobbly | | | | | | | |  | | loam, sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | BkC: | | | | | | | | | |  Berkshire, very | | | | | | | | | |  bouldery-------| 0-7 |Loam |SM, ML |A-2, A-4, A-5| 1-5 | 0-15 |75-95 |70-92 |45-85 |2 | 7-30 |Loam, gravelly |SM, ML |A-2, A-4, A-5| 0-10 | 0-15 |75-92 |70-85 |40-80 |2 | | loam, fine | | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | | |  | 30-72 |Sandy loam, |ML, SM |A-2, A-4 | 0-10 | 0-15 |75-92 |70-85 |40-80 |2 | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, gravelly| | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 
Table 15.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passing  Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number--  and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |______________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|______|_ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | BkC: | | | | | | | | | |  Sunapee, very | | | | | | | | | |  bouldery-------| 0-1 |Moderately |PT |A-8 | 0-5 | 0-5 | --- | --- | --- |  | | decomposed | | | | | | | |  | | plant material| | | | | | | |  | 1-4 |Fine sandy loam|ML, SM |A-2, A-4 | 1-5 | 0-5 |80-95 |75-92 |50-85 |3 | 4-23 |Fine sandy |ML, SM |A-2, A-4 | 0-3 | 0-15 |70-95 |55-92 |40-80 |2 | | loam, sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, gravelly| | | | | | | |  | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 23-72 |Fine sandy |ML, SM |A-2, A-4 | 0-3 | 0-15 |70-95 |55-92 |40-80 |2 | | loam, gravelly| | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | |  | | gravelly loamy| | | | | | | |  | | sand | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | Bo: | | | | | | | | | |  Borosaprists----| 0-30 |Muck |PT |A-8 | 0 | 0 | --- | --- | --- |  | 30-72 |Sandy loam, |ML, SC, SM, |A-2, A-4, A-6| 0-2 | 0-2 |75-100|50-100|45-95 |2 | | gravelly loam,| CL | | | | | | |  | | silt loam, | | | | | | | |  | | very gravelly | | | | | | | |  | | loamy sand, | | | | | | | |  | | silty clay | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | |  Fluvaquents-----| 0-10 |Silt loam |CL, ML, SM |A-2, A-4, A-6| 0 | 0-5 |90-100|80-100|40-100|1 | 10-72 |Very gravelly |SC-SM, GM, |A-1, A-2, A-6| 0 | 0-15 |35-100|30-100|15-100|  | | sand, gravelly| ML, CL | | | | | | |  | | silt loam, | | | | | | | |  | | silty clay | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | Ce: | | | | | | | | | |  Carbondale, | | | | | | | | | |  undrained------| 0-12 |Muck |PT |A-8 | 0 | 0 | --- | --- | --- |  | 12-40 |Muck, mucky |PT |A-8 | 0 | 0 | --- | --- | --- |  | | peat | | | | | | | |  | 40-99 |Mucky peat |PT |A-8 | 0 | 0 | --- | --- | --- |  | | | | | | | | | | 
Table 15.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passing  Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number--  and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |______________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|______|_ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | CgB: | | | | | | | | | |  Colton----------| 0-6 |Gravelly loamy |SM, GM |A-1, A-2, A-3| 0 | 0-22 |60-92 |50-75 |25-60 |  | | sand | | | | | | | |  | 6-20 |Very gravelly |SM, SP, GM |A-1 | 0-1 | 1-25 |50-90 |30-75 |20-50 |  | | sand, gravelly| | | | | | | |  | | loamy fine | | | | | | | |  | | sand, cobbly | | | | | | | |  | | coarse sand | | | | | | | |  | 20-72 |Very gravelly |SP, GW, SW, |A-1 | 0-1 | 8-40 |45-80 |20-55 |10-40 |  | | sand, very | GP | | | | | | |  | | cobbly loamy | | | | | | | |  | | sand, | | | | | | | |  | | extremely | | | | | | | |  | | gravelly | | | | | | | |  | | coarse sand | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | |  Duxbury---------| 0-7 |Silt loam |CL-ML, ML |A-4 | 0 | 0 |85-100|80-100|70-100|5 | 7-14 |Silt loam, fine|ML, MH |A-4, A-5 | 0 | 0 |85-100|70-100|70-100|5 | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | |  | | gravelly loam | | | | | | | |  | 14-24 |Gravelly loam, |SM, ML |A-2, A-4, A-5| 0 | 0 |70-92 |70-85 |50-85 |3 | | gravelly fine | | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | |  | | silt loam | | | | | | | |  | 24-72 |Very gravelly |GM, GP, GW, |A-1 | 0-5 | 0-20 |45-85 |30-50 |15-50 |  | | coarse sand, | SP | | | | | | |  | | very gravelly | | | | | | | |  | | loamy sand, | | | | | | | |  | | loamy sand | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | CgC: | | | | | | | | | |  Colton----------| 0-6 |Gravelly loamy |GM, SM |A-1, A-2, A-3| 0 | 0-22 |60-92 |50-75 |25-60 |  | | sand | | | | | | | |  | 6-20 |Very gravelly |GM, SM, SP |A-1 | 0-1 | 1-25 |50-90 |30-75 |20-50 |  | | sand, gravelly| | | | | | | |  | | loamy fine | | | | | | | |  | | sand, cobbly | | | | | | | |  | | coarse sand | | | | | | | |  | 20-72 |Very gravelly |GP, SW, SP, |A-1 | 0-1 | 8-40 |45-80 |20-55 |10-40 |  | | sand, very | GW | | | | | | |  | | cobbly loamy | | | | | | | |  | | sand, | | | | | | | |  | | extremely | | | | | | | |  | | gravelly | | | | | | | |  | | coarse sand | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 
Table 15.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passing  Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number--  and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |______________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|______|_ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | CgC: | | | | | | | | | |  Duxbury---------| 0-7 |Silt loam |ML, CL-ML |A-4 | 0 | 0 |85-100|80-100|70-100|5 | 7-14 |Silt loam, fine|ML, MH |A-4, A-5 | 0 | 0 |85-100|70-100|70-100|5 | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | |  | | gravelly loam | | | | | | | |  | 14-24 |Gravelly loam, |ML, SM |A-2, A-4, A-5| 0 | 0 |70-92 |70-85 |50-85 |3 | | gravelly fine | | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | |  | | silt loam | | | | | | | |  | 24-72 |Very gravelly |GM, SP, GP, |A-1 | 0-5 | 0-20 |45-85 |30-50 |15-50 |  | | coarse sand, | GW | | | | | | |  | | very gravelly | | | | | | | |  | | loamy sand, | | | | | | | |  | | loamy sand | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | CgD: | | | | | | | | | |  Colton----------| 0-6 |Gravelly loamy |SM, GM |A-1, A-2, A-3| 0 | 0-22 |60-92 |50-75 |25-60 |  | | sand | | | | | | | |  | 6-20 |Very gravelly |GM, SM, SP |A-1 | 0-1 | 1-25 |50-90 |30-75 |20-50 |  | | sand, gravelly| | | | | | | |  | | loamy fine | | | | | | | |  | | sand, cobbly | | | | | | | |  | | coarse sand | | | | | | | |  | 20-72 |Very gravelly |SW, SP, GW, |A-1 | 0-1 | 8-40 |45-80 |20-55 |10-40 |  | | sand, very | GP | | | | | | |  | | cobbly loamy | | | | | | | |  | | sand, | | | | | | | |  | | extremely | | | | | | | |  | | gravelly | | | | | | | |  | | coarse sand | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | |  Duxbury---------| 0-7 |Silt loam |CL-ML, ML |A-4 | 0 | 0 |85-100|80-100|70-100|5 | 7-14 |Silt loam, fine|ML, MH |A-4, A-5 | 0 | 0 |85-100|70-100|70-100|5 | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | |  | | gravelly loam | | | | | | | |  | 14-24 |Gravelly loam, |SM, ML |A-2, A-4, A-5| 0 | 0 |70-92 |70-85 |50-85 |3 | | gravelly fine | | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | |  | | silt loam | | | | | | | |  | 24-72 |Very gravelly |SP, GW, GP, |A-1 | 0-5 | 0-20 |45-85 |30-50 |15-50 |  | | coarse sand, | GM | | | | | | |  | | very gravelly | | | | | | | |  | | loamy sand, | | | | | | | |  | | loamy sand | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 
Table 15.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passing  Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number--  and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |______________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|______|_ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | Ck: | | | | | | | | | |  Cook------------| 0-7 |Loamy fine sand|SM |A-1-b, A-2 | 0 | 0 |80-95 |75-92 |40-70 |1 | 7-39 |Loamy sand, |SP-SM, SM, SP|A-1, A-2, A-3| 0 | 0-15 |60-95 |50-92 |25-70 |  | | loamy fine | | | | | | | |  | | sand, gravelly| | | | | | | |  | | sand | | | | | | | |  | 39-72 |Stony sandy |GM, SM |A-1-b, A-2, | 0-8 | 1-20 |55-92 |35-85 |30-60 |1 | | loam, gravelly| | A-4 | | | | | |  | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | |  | | very gravelly | | | | | | | |  | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | Cn: | | | | | | | | | |  Cornish---------| 0-8 |Silt loam |CL, CL-ML, ML|A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-100|6 | 8-21 |Silt loam, very|CL, CL-ML, ML|A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-100|6 | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 21-46 |Silt loam, very|CL, CL-ML, ML|A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-100|6 | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, loamy | | | | | | | |  | | very fine sand| | | | | | | |  | 46-72 |Silt loam, very|CL-ML, ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-100|4 | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, loamy | | | | | | | |  | | very fine sand| | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | Cp: | | | | | | | | | |  Coveytown-------| 0-1 |Slightly |PT |A-8 | 0 | 0 | --- | --- | --- |  | | decomposed | | | | | | | |  | | plant material| | | | | | | |  | 1-5 |Loamy fine sand|SM, SP-SM |A-1, A-2, A-3| 0 | 0 |85-95 |75-92 |35-70 |  | 5-38 |Gravelly loamy |SP, SM, GM, |A-1, A-2, A-3| 0 | 0-15 |60-95 |50-92 |25-70 |  | | fine sand, | GP | | | | | | |  | | gravelly loamy| | | | | | | |  | | sand, loamy | | | | | | | |  | | fine sand, | | | | | | | |  | | loamy sand, | | | | | | | |  | | gravelly sand | | | | | | | |  | 38-72 |Gravelly sandy |SM, GM |A-2, A-4 | 0-20 | 5-25 |60-90 |50-70 |35-60 |2 | | loam, gravelly| | | | | | | |  | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, gravelly| | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 
Table 15.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passing  Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number--  and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |______________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|______|_ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | Cr: | | | | | | | | | |  Coveytown, very | | | | | | | | | |  stony----------| 0-1 |Slightly |PT |A-8 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |  | | decomposed | | | | | | | |  | | plant material| | | | | | | |  | 1-5 |Loamy fine sand|SP-SM, SM |A-1, A-2, A-3| 1-7 | 0 |85-95 |75-92 |35-70 |  | 5-38 |Gravelly loamy |GM, GP, SM, |A-1, A-2, A-3| 0 | 0-15 |60-95 |50-92 |25-70 |  | | fine sand, | SP | | | | | | |  | | gravelly loamy| | | | | | | |  | | sand, loamy | | | | | | | |  | | fine sand, | | | | | | | |  | | loamy sand, | | | | | | | |  | | gravelly sand | | | | | | | |  | 38-72 |Gravelly sandy |GM, SM |A-2, A-4 | 0-20 | 5-25 |60-90 |50-70 |35-60 |2 | | loam, gravelly| | | | | | | |  | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, gravelly| | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | |  Cook, very | | | | | | | | | |  stony----------| 0-7 |Loamy fine sand|SM |A-1-b, A-2 | 1-7 | 0 |80-95 |75-92 |40-70 |1 | 7-39 |Loamy sand, |SP-SM, SP, SM|A-1, A-2, A-3| 0 | 0-15 |60-95 |50-92 |25-70 |  | | loamy fine | | | | | | | |  | | sand, gravelly| | | | | | | |  | | sand | | | | | | | |  | 39-72 |Stony sandy |SM, GM |A-1-b, A-2, | 0-8 | 1-20 |55-92 |35-85 |30-60 |1 | | loam, gravelly| | A-4 | | | | | |  | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | |  | | very gravelly | | | | | | | |  | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | CsB: | | | | | | | | | |  Crary-----------| 0-8 |Silt loam |SM, ML |A-4 | 0-1 | 0-15 |85-100|75-100|55-95 |4 | 8-24 |Silt loam, very|ML, SM |A-4 | 0-1 | 0-5 |85-100|75-100|60-95 |4 | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, loam | | | | | | | |  | 24-36 |Stony fine |GM, SM, ML |A-1, A-2, A-4| 1-15 | 1-20 |65-92 |50-85 |35-80 |2 | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | |  | | gravelly sandy| | | | | | | |  | | loam, loam | | | | | | | |  | 36-72 |Stony fine |SM, ML, GM |A-1, A-2, A-4| 1-15 | 1-20 |60-92 |50-85 |35-80 |1 | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | |  | | gravelly sandy| | | | | | | |  | | loam, loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 
Table 15.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passing  Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number--  and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |______________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | _________________|_______|________________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|______|_ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | CtB: | | | | | | | | | |  Crary, very | | | | | | | | | |  bouldery-------| 0-8 |Silt loam |ML, SM |A-4 | 1-5 | 0-15 |85-100|75-100|55-95 |4 | 8-24 |Silt loam, very |ML, SM |A-4 | 0-1 | 0-5 |85-100|75-100|60-95 |4 | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, loam | | | | | | | |  | 24-36 |Stony fine |GM, SM, ML |A-1, A-2, A-4| 1-15 | 1-20 |65-92 |50-85 |35-80 |2 | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | |  | | gravelly sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, loam | | | | | | | |  | 36-72 |Stony fine |SM, GM, ML |A-1, A-2, A-4| 1-15 | 1-20 |60-92 |50-85 |35-80 |1 | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | |  | | gravelly sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | |  Potsdam, very | | | | | | | | | |  bouldery-------| 0-3 |Slightly |PT |A-8 | 0-5 | 0-5 | --- | --- | --- |  | | decomposed | | | | | | | |  | | plant material | | | | | | | |  | 3-6 |Highly |PT |A-8 | 0-5 | 0-5 | --- | --- | --- |  | | decomposed | | | | | | | |  | | plant material | | | | | | | |  | 6-9 |Very fine sandy |ML, SM |A-4 | 1-5 | 0-5 |92-100|75-100|65-100|4 | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 9-22 |Silt loam, very |ML, SM |A-4 | 0-1 | 0-5 |92-100|75-100|75-100|4 | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, loam | | | | | | | |  | 22-34 |Gravelly sandy |SM, GM |A-1, A-2, A-4| 1-15 | 1-25 |60-95 |50-85 |30-75 |1 | | loam, gravelly | | | | | | | |  | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 34-72 |Gravelly sandy |SM, GM |A-1, A-2, A-4| 1-15 | 1-25 |60-95 |50-85 |30-75 |1 | | loam, gravelly | | | | | | | |  | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | CuB: | | | | | | | | | |  Croghan, sand---| 0-10 |Sand |SM, SP-SM, |A-1, A-2, A-3| 0 | 0 |95-100|95-100|45-80 |  | | | SW-SM | | | | | | |  | 10-44 |Sand, fine sadd,|SW-SM, SP-SM,|A-1, A-2, A-3| 0 | 0 |85-100|75-100|45-80 |  | | loamy sand | SM | | | | | | |  | 44-72 |Fine sand, |SW-SM, SP-SM,|A-1, A-2, A-3| 0 | 0 |85-100|75-100|45-75 |  | | loamy sand, | SM | | | | | | |  | | coarse sand | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 
Table 15.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passing  Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number--  and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |______________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|______|_ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | CvA: | | | | | | | | | |  Croghan, loamy | | | | | | | | | |  fine sand------| 0-10 |Loamy fine sand|SW-SM, SP-SM,|A-1, A-2, A-3| 0 | 0 |95-100|95-100|45-80 |  | | | SM | | | | | | |  | 10-44 |Sand, fine |SW-SM, SP-SM,|A-1, A-2, A-3| 0 | 0 |85-100|75-100|45-80 |  | | sand, loamy | SM | | | | | | |  | | sand | | | | | | | |  | 44-72 |Fine sand, |SW-SM, SP-SM,|A-1, A-2, A-3| 0 | 0 |85-100|75-100|45-75 |  | | loamy sand, | SM | | | | | | |  | | coarse sand | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | CvB: | | | | | | | | | |  Croghan, loamy | | | | | | | | | |  fine sand------| 0-10 |Loamy fine sand|SP-SM, SW-SM,|A-2, A-3, A-1| 0 | 0 |95-100|95-100|45-80 |  | | | SM | | | | | | |  | 10-44 |Sand, fine |SP-SM, SW-SM,|A-1, A-2, A-3| 0 | 0 |85-100|75-100|45-80 |  | | sand, loamy | SM | | | | | | |  | | sand | | | | | | | |  | 44-72 |Fine sand, |SM, SP-SM, |A-1, A-2, A-3| 0 | 0 |85-100|75-100|45-75 |  | | loamy sand, | SW-SM | | | | | | |  | | coarse sand | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | Da: | | | | | | | | | |  Dawson----------| 0-5 |Peat |PT |A-8 | 0 | 0 | --- | --- | --- |  | 5-30 |Muck |PT |A-8 | 0 | 0 | --- | --- | --- |  | 30-72 |Loamy sand, |SP, SM, SC, |A-1, A-2, A- | 0 | 0 |45-100|35-100|15-90 |  | | gravelly sand,| GP | 3, A-4 | | | | | |  | | very gravelly | | | | | | | |  | | very fine sand| | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | DAM: | | | | | | | | | |  Large dams. | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | Dd: | | | | | | | | | |  Deford, loamy | | | | | | | | | |  fine sand------| 0-8 |Loamy fine sand|SM |A-2-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |50-70 |1 | 8-24 |Loamy fine |SM |A-2-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |50-70 |1 | | sand, fine | | | | | | | |  | | sand | | | | | | | |  | 24-72 |Loamy fine |SM, SP-SM |A-2-4, A-3 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |50-80 |  | | sand, fine | | | | | | | |  | | sand, very | | | | | | | |  | | fine sand, | | | | | | | |  | | sand | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 
Table 15.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passing  Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number--  and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |______________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|______|_ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | Df: | | | | | | | | | |  Deford, mucky | | | | | | | | | |  loamy fine | | | | | | | | | |  Sand-----------| 0-8 |Mucky loamy |SM |A-2-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |50-70 |1 | | fine sand | | | | | | | |  | 8-24 |Loamy fine |SM |A-2-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |50-70 |1 | | sand, fine | | | | | | | |  | | sand | | | | | | | |  | 24-72 |Loamy fine |SP-SM, SM |A-2-4, A-3 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |50-80 |  | | sand, fine | | | | | | | |  | | sand, very | | | | | | | |  | | fine sand, | | | | | | | |  | | sand | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | DpA: | | | | | | | | | |  Depeyster-------| 0-10 |Silt loam |SC-SM, ML, |A-4 | 0 | 0 |95-100|95-100|80-100|5 | | | CL-ML | | | | | | |  | 10-27 |Silt loam, |CL |A-6 | 0 | 0 |95-100|95-100|90-100|7 | | silty clay | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 27-72 |Stratified very|CL, CL-ML |A-4 | 0 | 0 |95-100|95-100|70-100|4 | | fine sand to | | | | | | | |  | | very fine | | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam to | | | | | | | |  | | silty clay | | | | | | | |  | | loam, | | | | | | | |  | | stratified | | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam to | | | | | | | |  | | silty clay | | | | | | | |  | | loam to very | | | | | | | |  | | fine sand, | | | | | | | |  | | very fine | | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | |  | | silty clay | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 
Table 15.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passing  Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number--  and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |______________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|______|_ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | DpB: | | | | | | | | | |  Depeyster-------| 0-10 |Silt loam |SC-SM, CL-ML,|A-4 | 0 | 0 |95-100|95-100|80-100|5 | | | ML | | | | | | |  | 10-27 |Silt loam, |CL |A-6 | 0 | 0 |95-100|95-100|90-100|7 | | silty clay | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 27-72 |Stratified very|CL-ML, CL |A-4 | 0 | 0 |95-100|95-100|70-100|4 | | fine sand to | | | | | | | |  | | very fine | | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam to | | | | | | | |  | | silty clay | | | | | | | |  | | loam, | | | | | | | |  | | stratified | | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam to | | | | | | | |  | | silty clay | | | | | | | |  | | loam to very | | | | | | | |  | | fine sand, | | | | | | | |  | | very fine | | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | |  | | silty clay | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | DpC: | | | | | | | | | |  Depeyster-------| 0-10 |Silt loam |CL-ML, ML, |A-4 | 0 | 0 |95-100|95-100|80-100|5 | | | SC-SM | | | | | | |  | 10-27 |Silt loam, |CL |A-6 | 0 | 0 |95-100|95-100|90-100|7 | | silty clay | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 27-72 |Stratified very|CL, CL-ML |A-4 | 0 | 0 |95-100|95-100|70-100|4 | | fine sand to | | | | | | | |  | | very fine | | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam to | | | | | | | |  | | silty clay | | | | | | | |  | | loam, | | | | | | | |  | | stratified | | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam to | | | | | | | |  | | silty clay | | | | | | | |  | | loam to very | | | | | | | |  | | fine sand, | | | | | | | |  | | very fine | | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | |  | | silty clay | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 
Table 15.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passing  Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number--  and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |______________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|______|_ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | Dr: | | | | | | | | | |  Dorval----------| 0-31 |Muck |PT |A-8 | 0 | 0 | --- | --- | --- |  | 31-72 |Silty clay, |CH, CL |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 |92-100|90-100|7 | | silty clay | | | | | | | |  | | loam, clay | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | Du: | | | | | | | | | |  Dune land-------| 0-6 |Sand |SP-SM, SM, SP|A-2, A-3 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |50-70 |  | 6-72 |Sand, fine sand|SP-SM, SP, SM|A-2, A-3 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |50-80 |  | | | | | | | | | | EeB: | | | | | | | | | |  Eelweir---------| 0-10 |Fine sandy loam|SM, ML |A-4 | 0 | 0 |95-100|92-100|60-90 |3 | 10-29 |Fine sandy |SM, ML |A-4 | 0 | 0 |95-100|92-100|60-90 |3 | | loam, sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, loam | | | | | | | |  | 29-35 |Very fine sandy|SM, ML |A-4 | 0 | 0 |95-100|92-100|50-95 |1 | | loam, fine | | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | | |  | 35-72 |Loamy fine |SC-SM, SM |A-2, A-3 | 0 | 0 |95-100|92-100|50-95 |  | | sand, sand, | | | | | | | |  | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | EmA: | | | | | | | | | |  Elmwood---------| 0-6 |Fine sandy loam|ML, SM |A-2, A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|65-90 |3 | 6-25 |Fine sandy |SC, ML, CL, |A-4, A-2 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|65-90 |3 | | loam, sandy | SM | | | | | | |  | | loam, loam | | | | | | | |  | 25-72 |Silty clay, |CL, CH |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-100|8 | | silty clay | | | | | | | |  | | loam, clay | | | | | | | |  | | loam, clay | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | EmB: | | | | | | | | | |  Elmwood---------| 0-6 |Fine sandy loam|ML, SM |A-2, A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|65-90 |3 | 6-25 |Fine sandy |ML, SC, SM, |A-2, A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|65-90 |3 | | loam, sandy | CL | | | | | | |  | | loam, loam | | | | | | | |  | 25-72 |Silty clay, |CH, CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-100|8 | | silty clay | | | | | | | |  | | loam, clay | | | | | | | |  | | loam, clay | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 
Table 15.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passing  Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number--  and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |______________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|______|_ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | Fa: | | | | | | | | | |  Fahey-----------| 0-7 |Loamy fine sand|SP-SM, SM |A-1, A-2, A-4| 0-1 | 0-5 |85-100|75-100|35-80 |1 | 7-31 |Very gravelly |GM, SP, SM |A-1, A-2-4, | 0-1 | 5-25 |55-92 |35-70 |25-55 |  | | loamy fine | | A-3 | | | | | |  | | sand, very | | | | | | | |  | | gravelly loamy| | | | | | | |  | | sand, gravelly| | | | | | | |  | | loamy fine | | | | | | | |  | | sand, cobbly | | | | | | | |  | | loamy sand, | | | | | | | |  | | very gravelly | | | | | | | |  | | sand | | | | | | | |  | 31-72 |Very gravelly |SP, GW, SW, |A-1 | 0-1 | 1-30 |45-85 |20-55 |15-45 |  | | loamy sand, | GP | | | | | | |  | | gravelly loamy| | | | | | | |  | | sand, | | | | | | | |  | | extremely | | | | | | | |  | | gravelly loamy| | | | | | | |  | | sand, cobbly | | | | | | | |  | | sand | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | FkA: | | | | | | | | | |  Flackville------| 0-9 |Loamy fine sand|SW-SM, SM |A-2, A-2-4, | 0 | 0 | 100 |90-100|55-80 |1 | | | | A-4 | | | | | |  | 9-29 |Loamy fine |SW-SM, SM |A-1, A-2, A-3| 0 | 0 | 100 |90-100|45-80 |  | | sand, fine | | | | | | | |  | | sand, sand | | | | | | | |  | 29-72 |Silty clay, |CL-ML, CL |A-4, A-6, A- | 0 | 0 | 100 |99-100|90-100|7 | | silty clay | | 7, A-7-6 | | | | | |  | | loam, clay | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | FkB: | | | | | | | | | |  Flackville------| 0-9 |Loamy fine sand|SM, SW-SM |A-2, A-2-4, | 0 | 0 | 100 |90-100|55-80 |1 | | | | A-4 | | | | | |  | 9-29 |Loamy fine |SW-SM, SM |A-1, A-2, A-3| 0 | 0 | 100 |90-100|45-80 |  | | sand, fine | | | | | | | |  | | sand, sand | | | | | | | |  | 29-72 |Silty clay, |CL-ML, CL |A-4, A-6, A- | 0 | 0 | 100 |99-100|90-100|7 | | silty clay | | 7, A-7-6 | | | | | |  | | loam, clay | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 
Table 15.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passing  Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number--  and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |______________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|______|_ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | Fu: | | | | | | | | | |  Fluvaquents, | | | | | | | | | |  frequently | | | | | | | | | |  flooded--------| 0-10 |Silt loam |CL, SM, ML |A-2, A-4, A-6| 0 | 0-5 |90-100|80-100|40-100|1 | 10-72 |Very gravelly |SC-SM, ML, |A-1, A-2, A-6| 0 | 0-15 |35-100|30-100|15-100|  | | sand, gravelly| GM, CL | | | | | | |  | | silt loam, | | | | | | | |  | | silty clay | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | |  Udifluvents, | | | | | | | | | |  frequently | | | | | | | | | |  flooded--------| 0-4 |Gravelly sandy |SM, CL, ML |A-2, A-4, A-6| 0-1 | 0-5 |80-100|75-100|40-100|1 | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 4-72 |Very gravelly |ML, GM, CL |A-1, A-2, | 0 | 0-15 |55-100|45-100|15-100|  | | sand, very | | A-4, A-6 | | | | | |  | | gravelly loamy| | | | | | | |  | | sand, fine | | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | |  | | gravelly loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | GrB: | | | | | | | | | |  Grenville-------| 0-5 |Fine sandy loam|ML, SM |A-2, A-4 | 0-1 | 0-8 |80-95 |75-92 |50-90 |3 | 5-37 |Fine sandy |SM, ML, CL- |A-2, A-4 | 0-5 | 0-15 |65-95 |50-92 |35-80 |2 | | loam, loam, | ML, GM | | | | | | |  | | gravelly fine | | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | | |  | 37-72 |Sandy loam, |GM, ML, SM, |A-1, A-2, A-4| 0-7 | 1-15 |60-92 |45-86 |30-70 |1 | | gravelly fine | GC-GM | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | |  | | gravelly loam,| | | | | | | |  | | very gravelly | | | | | | | |  | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 
Table 15.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passing  Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number--  and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |______________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|______|_ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | GrC: | | | | | | | | | |  Grenville-------| 0-5 |Fine sandy loam|SM, ML |A-2, A-4 | 0-1 | 0-8 |80-95 |75-92 |50-90 |3 | 5-37 |Fine sandy |ML, CL-ML, |A-2, A-4 | 0-5 | 0-15 |65-95 |50-92 |35-80 |2 | | loam, loam, | GM, SM | | | | | | |  | | gravelly fine | | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | | |  | 37-72 |Sandy loam, |SM, ML, GM, |A-1, A-2, A-4| 0-7 | 1-15 |60-92 |45-86 |30-70 |1 | | gravelly fine | GC-GM | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | |  | | gravelly loam,| | | | | | | |  | | very gravelly | | | | | | | |  | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | GsD: | | | | | | | | | |  Grenville, very | | | | | | | | | |  stony----------| 0-5 |Fine sandy loam|SM, ML |A-2, A-4 | 0-7 | 0-8 |80-95 |75-92 |50-90 |3 | 5-37 |Fine sandy |ML, GM, CL- |A-2, A-4 | 0-5 | 0-15 |65-95 |50-92 |35-80 |2 | | loam, loam, | ML, SM | | | | | | |  | | gravelly fine | | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | | |  | 37-72 |Sandy loam, |GM, SM, ML, |A-1, A-2, A-4| 0-7 | 1-15 |60-92 |45-86 |30-70 |1 | | gravelly fine | GC-GM | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | |  | | gravelly loam,| | | | | | | |  | | very gravelly | | | | | | | |  | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | Gu: | | | | | | | | | |  Guff------------| 0-9 |Silty clay loam|CL, MH, ML |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 |95-100|95-100|85-100|7 | 9-39 |Clay, silty |CL, CH |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 |95-100|95-100|85-100|7 | | clay, silty | | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | | |  | 39-49 |Unweathered | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |  | | bedrock | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 
Table 15.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passing  Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number--  and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |______________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|______|_ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | HaA: | | | | | | | | | |  Hailesboro------| 0-7 |Silt loam |CL-ML, ML, CL|A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|85-100|5 | 7-24 |Silt loam, very|CL-ML, ML, CL|A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 |95-100|95-100|85-100|7 | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, silty | | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | | |  | 24-44 |Silt loam, very|ML, CL-ML, CL|A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 |95-100|95-100|85-100|7 | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, silty | | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | | |  | 44-72 |Silt loam, |CL, CL-ML, ML|A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 |95-100|95-100|85-100|6 | | silty clay | | | | | | | |  | | loam, very | | | | | | | |  | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | HaB: | | | | | | | | | |  Hailesboro------| 0-7 |Silt loam |ML, CL-ML, CL|A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|85-100|5 | 7-24 |Silt loam, very|ML, CL-ML, CL|A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 |95-100|95-100|85-100|7 | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, silty | | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | | |  | 24-44 |Silt loam, very|ML, CL-ML, CL|A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 |95-100|95-100|85-100|7 | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, silty | | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | | |  | 44-72 |Silt loam, |ML, CL, CL-ML|A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 |95-100|95-100|85-100|6 | | silty clay | | | | | | | |  | | loam, very | | | | | | | |  | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | Hc: | | | | | | | | | |  Hannawa---------| 0-8 |Loam |SM, ML |A-2-4, A-4 | 0 | 0-8 |85-100|75-100|45-95 |2 | 8-19 |Fine sandy |SM, ML |A-2-4, A-4 | 0 | 0-12 |80-100|70-100|45-95 |2 | | loam, gravelly| | | | | | | |  | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, loam, | | | | | | | |  | | silt loam | | | | | | | |  | 19-27 |Bedrock | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |  | | | | | | | | | | 
Table 15.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passing  Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number--  and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |______________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|______|_ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | HeB: | | | | | | | | | |  Heuvelton-------| 0-7 |Silty clay loam|CL-ML, CL |A-4, A-6 | --- | 0-5 |85-100|75-100|70-100|6 | 7-11 |Silty clay, |CL, CH |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 |95-100|85-100|70-100|5 | | silty clay | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 11-22 |Clay, silty |CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 |95-100|85-100|80-100|7 | | clay, silty | | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | | |  | 22-72 |Silty clay |CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 |95-100|85-100|80-100|7 | | loam, silty | | | | | | | |  | | clay, clay | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | HeC: | | | | | | | | | |  Heuvelton, | | | | | | | | | |  rolling--------| 0-7 |Silty clay loam|CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0-5 |85-100|75-100|70-100|6 | 7-11 |Silty clay, |CL, CH |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 |95-100|85-100|70-100|5 | | silty clay | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 11-22 |Clay, silty |CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 |95-100|85-100|80-100|7 | | clay, silty | | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | | |  | 22-72 |Silty clay |CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 |95-100|85-100|80-100|7 | | loam, silty | | | | | | | |  | | clay, clay | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | HkE: | | | | | | | | | |  Heuvelton-------| 0-7 |Silty clay loam|CL-ML, CL |A-4, A-6 | --- | 0-5 |85-100|75-100|70-100|6 | 7-11 |Silty clay, |CL, CH |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 |95-100|85-100|70-100|5 | | silty clay | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 11-22 |Clay, silty |CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 |95-100|85-100|80-100|7 | | clay, silty | | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | | |  | 22-72 |Silty clay |CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 |95-100|85-100|80-100|7 | | loam, silty | | | | | | | |  | | clay, clay | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 
Table 15.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passing  Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number--  and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |______________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|______|_ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | HkE: | | | | | | | | | |  Depeyster-------| 0-10 |Silt loam |CL-ML, ML, |A-4 | 0 | 0 |95-100|95-100|80-100|5 | | | SC-SM | | | | | | |  | 10-27 |Silt loam, |CL |A-6 | 0 | 0 |95-100|95-100|90-100|7 | | silty clay | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 27-72 |Stratified very|CL, CL-ML |A-4 | 0 | 0 |95-100|95-100|70-100|4 | | fine sand to | | | | | | | |  | | very fine | | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam to | | | | | | | |  | | silty clay | | | | | | | |  | | loam, | | | | | | | |  | | stratified | | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam to | | | | | | | |  | | silty clay | | | | | | | |  | | loam to very | | | | | | | |  | | fine sand, | | | | | | | |  | | very fine | | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | |  | | silty clay | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | HnA: | | | | | | | | | |  Hogansburg------| 0-10 |Fine sandy loam|SM, ML |A-4 | 0 | 0-8 |85-99 |75-95 |55-80 |3 | 10-25 |Loam, fine |GM, CL-ML, |A-2, A-4 | 0-5 | 0-15 |60-95 |50-92 |35-85 |2 | | sandy loam, | SM, ML | | | | | | |  | | gravelly loam,| | | | | | | |  | | silt loam | | | | | | | |  | 25-72 |Gravelly fine |GM, SM |A-1, A-2, A-4| 0-7 | 0-15 |60-90 |50-75 |35-65 |2 | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | |  | | gravelly loam,| | | | | | | |  | | very gravelly | | | | | | | |  | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 
Table 15.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passing  Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number--  and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |______________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|______|_ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | HnB: | | | | | | | | | |  Hogansburg------| 0-10 |Fine sandy loam|ML, SM |A-4 | 0 | 0-8 |85-99 |75-95 |55-80 |3 | 10-25 |Loam, fine |ML, SM, GM, |A-2, A-4 | 0-5 | 0-15 |60-95 |50-92 |35-85 |2 | | sandy loam, | CL-ML | | | | | | |  | | gravelly loam,| | | | | | | |  | | silt loam | | | | | | | |  | 25-72 |Gravelly fine |GM, SM |A-1, A-2, A-4| 0-7 | 0-15 |60-90 |50-75 |35-65 |2 | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | |  | | gravelly loam,| | | | | | | |  | | very gravelly | | | | | | | |  | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | HrB: | | | | | | | | | |  Hogansburg, | | | | | | | | | |  very stony-----| 0-10 |Fine sandy loam|ML, SM |A-4 | 1-7 | 0-8 |85-99 |75-95 |55-80 |3 | 10-25 |Loam, fine |GM, ML, SM, |A-2, A-4 | 0-5 | 0-15 |60-95 |50-92 |35-85 |2 | | sandy loam, | CL-ML | | | | | | |  | | gravelly loam,| | | | | | | |  | | silt loam | | | | | | | |  | 25-72 |Gravelly fine |GM, SM |A-1, A-2, A-4| 0-7 | 0-15 |60-90 |50-75 |35-65 |2 | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | |  | | gravelly loam,| | | | | | | |  | | very gravelly | | | | | | | |  | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | |  Grenville, very | | | | | | | | | |  stony----------| 0-5 |Fine sandy loam|ML, SM |A-2, A-4 | 0-7 | 0-8 |80-95 |75-92 |50-90 |3 | 5-37 |Fine sandy |CL-ML, ML, |A-2, A-4 | 0-5 | 0-15 |65-95 |50-92 |35-80 |2 | | loam, loam, | GM, SM | | | | | | |  | | gravelly fine | | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | | |  | 37-72 |Sandy loam, |GC-GM, GM, |A-1, A-2, A-4| 0-7 | 1-15 |60-92 |45-86 |30-70 |1 | | gravelly fine | SM, ML | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | |  | | gravelly loam,| | | | | | | |  | | very gravelly | | | | | | | |  | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 
Table 15.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passing  Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number--  and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |______________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|______|_ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | IaB: | | | | | | | | | |  Insula----------| 0-1 |Slightly |PT |A-8 | 0-7 | 0-15 | --- | --- | --- |  | | decomposed | | | | | | | |  | | plant material| | | | | | | |  | 1-3 |Highly |PT |A-8 | 0-7 | 0-15 | --- | --- | --- |  | | decomposed | | | | | | | |  | | plant material| | | | | | | |  | 3-16 |Gravelly fine |GM, SM |A-1-b, A-2, | 0-7 | 0-15 |60-90 |50-75 |30-70 |1 | | sandy loam, | | A-4 | | | | | |  | | gravelly sandy| | | | | | | |  | | loam, gravelly| | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 16-25 |Unweathered | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |  | | bedrock | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | InB: | | | | | | | | | |  Insula----------| 0-1 |Slightly |PT |A-8 | 0-7 | 0-15 | --- | --- | --- |  | | decomposed | | | | | | | |  | | plant material| | | | | | | |  | 1-3 |Highly |PT |A-8 | 0-7 | 0-15 | --- | --- | --- |  | | decomposed | | | | | | | |  | | plant material| | | | | | | |  | 3-16 |Gravelly fine |SM, GM |A-1-b, A-2, | 0-7 | 0-15 |60-90 |50-75 |30-70 |1 | | sandy loam, | | A-4 | | | | | |  | | gravelly sandy| | | | | | | |  | | loam, gravelly| | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 16-25 |Unweathered | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |  | | bedrock | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | IrC: | | | | | | | | | |  Insula, rolling-| 0-1 |Slightly |PT |A-8 | 0-7 | 0-15 | --- | --- | --- |  | | decomposed | | | | | | | |  | | plant material| | | | | | | |  | 1-3 |Highly |PT |A-8 | 0-7 | 0-15 | --- | --- | --- |  | | decomposed | | | | | | | |  | | plant material| | | | | | | |  | 3-16 |Gravelly fine |SM, GM |A-1-b, A-2, | 0-7 | 0-15 |60-90 |50-75 |30-70 |1 | | sandy loam, | | A-4 | | | | | |  | | gravelly sandy| | | | | | | |  | | loam, gravelly| | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 16-25 |Unweathered | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |  | | bedrock | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 
Table 15.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passing  Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number--  and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |______________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|______|_ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | IrC: | | | | | | | | | |  Rock outcrop----| 0-72 |Unweathered | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |  | | bedrock | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | IrD: | | | | | | | | | |  Insula, hilly---| 0-1 |Slightly |PT |A-8 | 0-7 | 0-15 | --- | --- | --- |  | | decomposed | | | | | | | |  | | plant material| | | | | | | |  | 1-3 |Highly |PT |A-8 | 0-7 | 0-15 | --- | --- | --- |  | | decomposed | | | | | | | |  | | plant material| | | | | | | |  | 3-16 |Gravelly fine |SM, GM |A-1-b, A-2, | 0-7 | 0-15 |60-90 |50-75 |30-70 |1 | | sandy loam, | | A-4 | | | | | |  | | gravelly sandy| | | | | | | |  | | loam, gravelly| | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 16-25 |Unweathered | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |  | | bedrock | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | |  Rock outcrop----| 0-60 |Unweathered | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |  | | bedrock | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | KaA: | | | | | | | | | |  Kalurah---------| 0-11 |Fine sandy loam|ML, SM |A-2, A-4 | 0-1 | 0-9 |85-95 |75-92 |50-90 |3 | 11-47 |Fine sandy |SC-SM, GM, |A-1, A-2, A-4| 0-7 | 0-15 |60-95 |50-92 |35-85 |1 | | loam, gravelly| CL-ML, SM | | | | | | |  | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, gravelly| | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 47-72 |Gravelly fine |SC-SM, ML, |A-1, A-2, A-4| 0-1 | 0-20 |50-95 |35-92 |20-85 |1 | | sandy loam, | GM, CL-ML | | | | | | |  | | gravelly loam,| | | | | | | |  | | very gravelly | | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 
Table 15.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passing  Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number--  and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |______________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|______|_ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | KaB: | | | | | | | | | |  Kalurah---------| 0-11 |Fine sandy loam|ML, SM |A-2, A-4 | 0-1 | 0-9 |85-95 |75-92 |50-90 |3 | 11-47 |Fine sandy |SM, SC-SM, |A-1, A-2, A-4| 0-7 | 0-15 |60-95 |50-92 |35-85 |1 | | loam, gravelly| GM, CL-ML | | | | | | |  | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, gravelly| | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 47-72 |Gravelly fine |ML, GM, CL- |A-1, A-2, A-4| 0-1 | 0-20 |50-95 |35-92 |20-85 |1 | | sandy loam, | ML, SC-SM | | | | | | |  | | gravelly loam,| | | | | | | |  | | very gravelly | | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | KbB: | | | | | | | | | |  Kalurah, very | | | | | | | | | |  stony----------| 0-11 |Fine sandy loam|SM, ML |A-2, A-4 | 1-7 | 0-9 |85-95 |75-92 |50-90 |3 | 11-47 |Fine sandy |SC-SM, CL-ML,|A-1, A-2, A-4| 0-7 | 0-15 |60-95 |50-92 |35-85 |1 | | loam, gravelly| GM, SM | | | | | | |  | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, gravelly| | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 47-72 |Gravelly fine |SC-SM, ML, |A-1, A-2, A-4| 0-1 | 0-20 |50-95 |35-92 |20-85 |1 | | sandy loam, | CL-ML, GM | | | | | | |  | | gravelly loam,| | | | | | | |  | | very gravelly | | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | |  Pyrities, very | | | | | | | | | |  stony----------| 0-8 |Fine sandy loam|GM, ML, SM |A-2, A-4 | 1-7 | 0-9 |85-95 |75-92 |50-85 |3 | 8-40 |Fine sandy |GM, ML, SM |A-2, A-4 | 0-4 | 0-15 |60-95 |50-92 |35-85 |1 | | loam, gravelly| | | | | | | |  | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, gravelly| | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 40-72 |Gravelly fine |ML, SM, GM, |A-1-b, A-2, | 0-7 | 0-20 |50-95 |35-92 |20-80 |1 | | sandy loam, | SP-SM | A-4 | | | | | |  | | gravelly loam,| | | | | | | |  | | very gravelly | | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 
Table 15.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passing  Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number--  and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |______________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|______|_ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | Lc: | | | | | | | | | |  Lovewell--------| 0-14 |Silt loam |ML, CL, CL-ML|A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 |95-100|95-100|85-100|5 | 14-29 |Silt loam, very|CL, ML, CL-ML|A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 |95-100|95-100|85-100|5 | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 29-72 |Very fine sandy|CL, CL-ML, ML|A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 |95-100|95-100|85-100|5 | | loam, silt | | | | | | | |  | | loam, loamy | | | | | | | |  | | very fine sand| | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | Ld: | | | | | | | | | |  Loxley----------| 0-3 |Mucky peat |PT |A-8 | 0 | 0 | --- | --- | --- |  | 3-72 |Muck |PT |A-8 | 0 | 0 | --- | --- | --- |  | | | | | | | | | | LeC: | | | | | | | | | |  Lyman-----------| 0-4 |Silt loam |SM, ML, GM |A-2, A-4 | 1-5 | 0-15 |85-95 |75-92 |55-92 |2 | 4-14 |Silt loam, |GM, ML, SM |A-1, A-2, A-4| 0-5 | 0-15 |70-95 |50-92 |35-85 |2 | | channery fine | | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 14-24 |Unweathered | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |  | | bedrock | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | |  Rock outcrop----| 0-60 |Unweathered | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |  | | bedrock | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | LeD: | | | | | | | | | |  Lyman, very | | | | | | | | | |  bouldery-------| 0-4 |Silt loam |ML, SM, GM |A-2, A-4 | 1-5 | 0-15 |85-95 |75-92 |55-92 |2 | 4-14 |Silt loam, |SM, ML, GM |A-4, A-1, A-2| 0-5 | 0-15 |70-95 |50-92 |35-85 |2 | | channery fine | | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 14-24 |Unweathered | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |  | | bedrock | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | |  Rock outcrop----| 0-60 |Unweathered | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |  | | bedrock | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 
Table 15.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passing  Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number--  and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |______________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|______|_ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | Lt: | | | | | | | | | |  Lyme, very | | | | | | | | | |  bouldery-------| 0-3 |Sandy loam |ML, SM |A-2, A-4 | 1-5 | 0-10 |80-95 |75-92 |40-85 |2 | 3-16 |Sandy loam, |ML, SM |A-2, A-4 | 0-8 | 0-20 |70-95 |55-92 |40-85 |2 | | cobbly sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, cobbly | | | | | | | |  | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, gravelly| | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 16-72 |Gravelly sandy |SM, ML |A-2, A-4 | 0-8 | 1-20 |65-92 |50-85 |40-70 |1 | | loam, cobbly | | | | | | | |  | | loam, sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | |  Tughill, very | | | | | | | | | |  bouldery-------| 0-4 |Muck |PT |A-8 | 0-8 | 0-20 | --- | --- | --- |  | 4-8 |Gravelly mucky |SC, GM, GC, |A-1, A-2, A-4| 1-8 | 0-20 |65-92 |45-75 |30-70 |1 | | sandy loam | SM | | | | | | |  | 8-40 |Very gravelly |GM, GC, GC-GM|A-1, A-2 | 1-8 | 8-30 |55-85 |30-50 |20-50 |1 | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | |  | | very gravelly | | | | | | | |  | | loam, very | | | | | | | |  | | cobbly fine | | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | | |  | 40-72 |Very gravelly |GC, GC-GM, GM|A-1, A-2 | 1-8 | 8-30 |55-85 |30-50 |20-50 |1 | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | |  | | very gravelly | | | | | | | |  | | loam, very | | | | | | | |  | | cobbly fine | | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | MaA: | | | | | | | | | |  Malone----------| 0-10 |Loam |GC, SC, CL |A-2, A-6, A-7| 0-1 | 0-15 |75-95 |60-95 |40-80 |2 | 10-25 |Gravelly fine |CL-ML, GC, |A-1, A-2, A- | 0-1 | 0-15 |65-95 |50-90 |35-85 |1 | | sandy loam, | SC, SC-SM | 4, A-6 | | | | | |  | | gravelly sandy| | | | | | | |  | | loam, loam | | | | | | | |  | 25-72 |Gravelly sandy |GC-GM, SC, GC|A-1, A-2, A- | 1-10 | 0-15 |50-95 |35-90 |20-75 |1 | | loam, very | | 4, A-6 | | | | | |  | | gravelly fine | | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | |  | | gravelly loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 
Table 15.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passing  Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number--  and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |______________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|______|_ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | MaB: | | | | | | | | | |  Malone----------| 0-10 |Loam |SC, GC, CL |A-2, A-6, A-7| 0-1 | 0-15 |75-95 |60-95 |40-80 |2 | 10-25 |Gravelly fine |CL-ML, SC-SM,|A-1, A-2, A- | 0-1 | 0-15 |65-95 |50-90 |35-85 |1 | | sandy loam, | SC, GC | 4, A-6 | | | | | |  | | gravelly sandy| | | | | | | |  | | loam, loam | | | | | | | |  | 25-72 |Gravelly sandy |SC, GC-GM, GC|A-1, A-2, A- | 1-10 | 0-15 |50-95 |35-90 |20-75 |1 | | loam, very | | 4, A-6 | | | | | |  | | gravelly fine | | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | |  | | gravelly loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | MbB: | | | | | | | | | |  Malone, very | | | | | | | | | |  stony----------| 0-10 |Loam |SC, GC, CL |A-2, A-6, A-7| 1-7 | 0-15 |75-95 |60-95 |40-80 |2 | 10-25 |Gravelly fine |GC, SC-SM, |A-1, A-2, A- | 0-1 | 0-15 |65-95 |50-90 |35-85 |1 | | sandy loam, | CL-ML, SC | 4, A-6 | | | | | |  | | gravelly sandy| | | | | | | |  | | loam, loam | | | | | | | |  | 25-72 |Gravelly sandy |GC-GM, GC, SC|A-1, A-2, A- | 1-10 | 0-15 |50-95 |35-90 |20-75 |1 | | loam, very | | 4, A-6 | | | | | |  | | gravelly fine | | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | |  | | gravelly loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | MdB: | | | | | | | | | |  Malone, | | | | | | | | | |  undulating-----| 0-10 |Loam |SC, GC, CL |A-2, A-6, A-7| 0-1 | 0-15 |75-95 |60-95 |40-80 |2 | 10-25 |Gravelly fine |CL-ML, GC, |A-4, A-6, A- | 0-1 | 0-15 |65-95 |50-90 |35-85 |1 | | sandy loam, | SC, SC-SM | 1, A-2 | | | | | |  | | gravelly sandy| | | | | | | |  | | loam, loam | | | | | | | |  | 25-72 |Gravelly sandy |GC, SC, GC-GM|A-1, A-2, A- | 1-10 | 0-15 |50-95 |35-90 |20-75 |1 | | loam, very | | 4, A-6 | | | | | |  | | gravelly fine | | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | |  | | gravelly loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 
Table 15.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passing  Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number--  and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |______________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|______|_ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | MdB: | | | | | | | | | |  Adjidaumo-------| 0-8 |Silty clay |ML, MH |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 |95-100|95-100|85-100|7 | 8-27 |Silty clay, |CL, CH |A-7, A-6 | 0 | 0 |95-100|95-100|85-100|7 | | clay, silty | | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | | |  | 27-72 |Clay, silty |CH, CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 |85-100|70-100|65-100|6 | | clay, silty | | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | MeB: | | | | | | | | | |  Malone, very | | | | | | | | | |  stony----------| 0-10 |Loam |SC, GC, CL |A-2, A-6, A-7| 1-7 | 0-15 |75-95 |60-95 |40-80 |2 | 10-25 |Gravelly fine |GC, CL-ML, |A-1, A-2, A- | 0-1 | 0-15 |65-95 |50-90 |35-85 |1 | | sandy loam, | SC, SC-SM | 4, A-6 | | | | | |  | | gravelly sandy| | | | | | | |  | | loam, loam | | | | | | | |  | 25-72 |Gravelly sandy |GC, SC, GC-GM|A-1, A-2, A- | 1-10 | 0-15 |50-95 |35-90 |20-75 |1 | | loam, very | | 4, A-6 | | | | | |  | | gravelly fine | | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | |  | | gravelly loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | |  Adjidaumo-------| 0-8 |Silty clay |MH, ML |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 |95-100|95-100|85-100|7 | 8-27 |Silty clay, |CH, CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 |95-100|95-100|85-100|7 | | clay, silty | | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | | |  | 27-72 |Clay, silty |CL, CH |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 |85-100|70-100|65-100|6 | | clay, silty | | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | MfA: | | | | | | | | | |  Matoon----------| 0-8 |Silty clay loam|MH, ML, OL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 |96-100|96-100|85-100|6 | 8-12 |Silty clay |MH, ML |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 |96-100|96-100|85-100|6 | | loam, silty | | | | | | | |  | | clay, silt | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 12-27 |Silty clay, |CH, CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 |85-100|70-100|65-100|6 | | clay, silty | | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | | |  | 27-37 |Unweathered | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |  | | bedrock | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 
Table 15.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passing  Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number--  and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |______________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|______|_ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | MfB: | | | | | | | | | |  Matoon----------| 0-8 |Silty clay loam|OL, ML, MH |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 |96-100|96-100|85-100|6 | 8-12 |Silty clay |ML, MH |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 |96-100|96-100|85-100|6 | | loam, silty | | | | | | | |  | | clay, silt | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 12-27 |Silty clay, |CL, CH |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 |85-100|70-100|65-100|6 | | clay, silty | | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | | |  | 27-37 |Unweathered | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |  | | bedrock | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | Mh: | | | | | | | | | |  Mino------------| 0-10 |Fine sandy loam|ML, SM |A-4 | 0 | 0 |95-100|92-100|70-100|4 | 10-32 |Fine sandy |ML, SM |A-4 | 0 | 0 |95-100|92-100|70-95 |4 | | loam, very | | | | | | | |  | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, loam, | | | | | | | |  | | loamy very | | | | | | | |  | | fine sand | | | | | | | |  | 32-72 |Fine sandy |ML, SM |A-4 | 0 | 0 |95-100|92-100|70-95 |4 | | loam, very | | | | | | | |  | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | Mn: | | | | | | | | | |  Munuscong-------| 0-8 |Mucky fine |SC, SM, SC-SM|A-2, A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 |92-100|60-85 |3 | | sandy loam | | | | | | | |  | 8-26 |Fine sandy |SC-SM, SM, SC|A-2, A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 |92-100|60-85 |3 | | loam, sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 26-98 |Silty clay, |CL, MH, ML, |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|90-100|8 | | silty clay | CH | | | | | | |  | | loam, clay | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | MsA: | | | | | | | | | |  Muskellunge-----| 0-12 |Silty clay loam|MH, ML, CL, |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 |92-100|92-100|90-100|7 | | | CH | | | | | | |  | 12-37 |Clay, silty |CH, CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 |95-100|92-100|90-100|7 | | clay, silty | | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | | |  | 37-72 |Silty clay, |CL, CH |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 |92-100|85-100|75-100|5 | | clay | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 
Table 15.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passing  Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number--  and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |_______________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | 2_________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|______|__ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | MsB: | | | | | | | | | |  Muskellunge-----| 0-12 |Silty clay loam|CL, CH, MH, |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 |92-100|92-100|90-100|70 | | | ML | | | | | | |  | 12-37 |Clay, silty |CL, CH |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 |95-100|92-100|90-100|70 | | clay, silty | | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | | |  | 37-72 |Silty clay, |CL, CH |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 |92-100|85-100|75-100|50 | | clay | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | MuB: | | | | | | | | | |  Muskellunge-----| 0-12 |Silty clay loam|CH, CL, MH, |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 |92-100|92-100|90-100|70 | | | ML | | | | | | |  | 12-37 |Clay, silty |CH, CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 |95-100|92-100|90-100|70 | | clay, silty | | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | | |  | 37-72 |Silty clay, |CH, CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 |92-100|85-100|75-100|50 | | clay | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | MwB: | | | | | | | | | |  Muskellunge, | | | | | | | | | |  undulating-----| 0-12 |Silty clay loam|CL, MH, ML, |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 |92-100|92-100|90-100|70 | | | CH | | | | | | |  | 12-37 |Clay, silty |CL, CH |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 |95-100|92-100|90-100|70 | | clay, silty | | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | | |  | 37-72 |Silty clay, |CH, CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 |92-100|85-100|75-100|50 | | clay | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | |  Adjidaumo-------| 0-8 |Silty clay |MH, ML |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 |95-100|95-100|85-100|70 | 8-27 |Silty clay, |CL, CH |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 |95-100|95-100|85-100|70 | | clay, silty | | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | | |  | 27-72 |Clay, silty |CH, CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 |85-100|70-100|65-100|60 | | clay, silty | | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 
Table 15.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passing  Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number--  and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |______________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|______|_ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | Na: | | | | | | | | | |  Naumburg--------| 0-5 |Moderately |PT | | 0 | 0 | --- | --- | --- |  | | decomposed | | | | | | | |  | | plant material| | | | | | | |  | 5-19 |Loamy fine sand|SM, SP-SM, |A-2, A-3, A-4| 0 | 0 |95-100|90-100|50-80 |  | | | SW-SM | | | | | | |  | 19-41 |Loamy fine |SM, SW-SM, |A-1, A-2, A-3| 0 | 0 |95-100|90-100|45-80 |  | | sand, sand, | SP-SM | | | | | | |  | | loamy sand | | | | | | | |  | 41-72 |Sand, loamy |SP-SM, SW-SM,|A-1, A-2, A-3| 0 | 0 |95-100|90-100|45-80 |  | | fine sand, | SM | | | | | | |  | | coarse sand | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | NhA: | | | | | | | | | |  Nehasne---------| 0-7 |Sandy loam |ML, SM |A-2-4, A-4 | 0 | 0-8 |80-92 |75-86 |45-75 |2 | 7-23 |Gravelly fine |GM, ML, SM |A-2, A-4 | 0 | 0-15 |70-92 |60-85 |40-75 |2 | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | |  | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, loam | | | | | | | |  | 23-25 |Gravelly fine |GM, SM |A-1, A-2, A-4| 0-1 | 3-20 |60-90 |40-70 |30-65 |1 | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | |  | | very gravelly | | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | |  | | very gravelly | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 25-35 |Unweathered | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |  | | bedrock | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | NhB: | | | | | | | | | |  Nehasne---------| 0-7 |Sandy loam |SM, ML |A-2-4, A-4 | 0 | 0-8 |80-92 |75-86 |45-75 |2 | 7-23 |Gravelly fine |SM, ML, GM |A-2, A-4 | 0 | 0-15 |70-92 |60-85 |40-75 |2 | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | |  | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, loam | | | | | | | |  | 23-25 |Gravelly fine |SM, GM |A-1, A-2, A-4| 0-1 | 3-20 |60-90 |40-70 |30-65 |1 | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | |  | | very gravelly | | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | |  | | very gravelly | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 25-35 |Unweathered | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |  | | bedrock | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 
Table 15.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passing  Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number--  and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |______________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|______|_ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | NhC: | | | | | | | | | |  Nehasne---------| 0-7 |Sandy loam |SM, ML |A-2-4, A-4 | 0 | 0-8 |80-92 |75-86 |45-75 |2 | 7-23 |Gravelly fine |GM, SM, ML |A-2, A-4 | 0 | 0-15 |70-92 |60-85 |40-75 |2 | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | |  | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, loam | | | | | | | |  | 23-25 |Gravelly fine |GM, SM |A-4, A-1, A-2| 0-1 | 3-20 |60-90 |40-70 |30-65 |1 | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | |  | | very gravelly | | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | |  | | very gravelly | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 25-35 |Unweathered | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |  | | bedrock | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | NoA: | | | | | | | | | |  Nicholville-----| 0-8 |Very fine sandy|ML, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 |92-100|85-100|70-100|5 | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 8-18 |Very fine sandy|ML, CL-ML |A-4 | 0 | 0 |92-100|85-100|75-100|4 | | loam, silt | | | | | | | |  | | loam, loamy | | | | | | | |  | | very fine sand| | | | | | | |  | 18-39 |Very fine sandy|SC-SM, ML, |A-2, A-4 | 0 | 0 |92-100|85-100|65-100|3 | | loam, loamy | CL-ML, SM | | | | | | |  | | very fine | | | | | | | |  | | sand, silt | | | | | | | |  | | loam, very | | | | | | | |  | | fine sand | | | | | | | |  | 39-72 |Loamy very fine|SM, ML, CL- |A-2, A-4 | 0 | 0 |92-100|85-100|50-100|3 | | sand, very | ML, SC-SM | | | | | | |  | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, silt | | | | | | | |  | | loam, very | | | | | | | |  | | fine sand, | | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 
Table 15.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passing  Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number--  and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |______________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|______|_ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | NoB: | | | | | | | | | |  Nicholville-----| 0-8 |Very fine sandy|CL-ML, ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 |92-100|85-100|70-100|5 | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 8-18 |Very fine sandy|ML, CL-ML |A-4 | 0 | 0 |92-100|85-100|75-100|4 | | loam, silt | | | | | | | |  | | loam, loamy | | | | | | | |  | | very fine sand| | | | | | | |  | 18-39 |Very fine sandy|SM, CL-ML, |A-2, A-4 | 0 | 0 |92-100|85-100|65-100|3 | | loam, loamy | ML, SC-SM | | | | | | |  | | very fine | | | | | | | |  | | sand, silt | | | | | | | |  | | loam, very | | | | | | | |  | | fine sand | | | | | | | |  | 39-72 |Loamy very fine|SM, CL-ML, |A-2, A-4 | 0 | 0 |92-100|85-100|50-100|3 | | sand, very | SC-SM, ML | | | | | | |  | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, silt | | | | | | | |  | | loam, very | | | | | | | |  | | fine sand, | | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | NoC: | | | | | | | | | |  Nicholville, | | | | | | | | | |  rolling--------| 0-8 |Very fine sandy|CL-ML, ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 |92-100|85-100|70-100|5 | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 8-18 |Very fine sandy|ML, CL-ML |A-4 | 0 | 0 |92-100|85-100|75-100|4 | | loam, silt | | | | | | | |  | | loam, loamy | | | | | | | |  | | very fine sand| | | | | | | |  | 18-39 |Very fine sandy|SM, SC-SM, |A-2, A-4 | 0 | 0 |92-100|85-100|65-100|3 | | loam, loamy | CL-ML, ML | | | | | | |  | | very fine | | | | | | | |  | | sand, silt | | | | | | | |  | | loam, very | | | | | | | |  | | fine sand | | | | | | | |  | 39-72 |Loamy very fine|ML, SC-SM, |A-2, A-4 | 0 | 0 |92-100|85-100|50-100|3 | | sand, very | CL-ML, SM | | | | | | |  | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, silt | | | | | | | |  | | loam, very | | | | | | | |  | | fine sand, | | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 
Table 15.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passing  Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number--  and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |______________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|______|_ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | NrB: | | | | | | | | | |  Nicholville-----| 0-8 |Very fine sandy|CL-ML, ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 |92-100|85-100|70-100|5 | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 8-18 |Very fine sandy|ML, CL-ML |A-4 | 0 | 0 |92-100|85-100|75-100|4 | | loam, silt | | | | | | | |  | | loam, loamy | | | | | | | |  | | very fine sand| | | | | | | |  | 18-39 |Very fine sandy|SM, SC-SM, |A-2, A-4 | 0 | 0 |92-100|85-100|65-100|3 | | loam, loamy | ML, CL-ML | | | | | | |  | | very fine | | | | | | | |  | | sand, silt | | | | | | | |  | | loam, very | | | | | | | |  | | fine sand | | | | | | | |  | 39-72 |Loamy very fine|CL-ML, ML, |A-2, A-4 | 0 | 0 |92-100|85-100|50-100|3 | | sand, very | SC-SM, SM | | | | | | |  | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, silt | | | | | | | |  | | loam, very | | | | | | | |  | | fine sand, | | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | OgA: | | | | | | | | | |  Ogdensburg------| 0-9 |Loam |SM, ML |A-1, A-2, A-4| 0 | 0-8 |85-96 |75-96 |45-90 |2 | 9-21 |Fine sandy |GM, CL-ML, |A-1, A-2, A-4| 0 | 0-20 |60-96 |50-96 |30-85 |1 | | loam, silt | SM, ML | | | | | | |  | | loam, gravelly| | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | | |  | 21-24 |Very gravelly |SM, ML, GM, |A-1, A-2, A-4| 0 | 4-25 |50-92 |35-75 |15-70 |1 | | fine sandy | CL-ML | | | | | | |  | | loam, flaggy | | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | |  | | flaggy silt | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 24-34 |Unweathered | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |  | | bedrock | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 
Table 15.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passing  Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number--  and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |______________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|______|_ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | OgB: | | | | | | | | | |  Ogdensburg------| 0-9 |Loam |ML, SM |A-1, A-2, A-4| 0 | 0-8 |85-96 |75-96 |45-90 |2 | 9-21 |Fine sandy |SM, CL-ML, |A-1, A-2, A-4| 0 | 0-20 |60-96 |50-96 |30-85 |1 | | loam, silt | GM, ML | | | | | | |  | | loam, gravelly| | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | | |  | 21-24 |Very gravelly |CL-ML, GM, |A-1, A-2, A-4| 0 | 4-25 |50-92 |35-75 |15-70 |1 | | fine sandy | ML, SM | | | | | | |  | | loam, flaggy | | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | |  | | flaggy silt | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 24-34 |Unweathered | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |  | | bedrock | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | Pg: | | | | | | | | | |  Pits, gravel | | | | | | | | | |  and sand-------| 0-6 |Extremely |SP, SM, GW, |A-1 | --- | 0-15 |35-100|20-100|10-75 |  | | gravelly | GP | | | | | | |  | | coarse sand | | | | | | | |  | 6-72 |Extremely |SW, SP, GW, |A-1 | --- | 0-25 |30-95 |10-95 | 5-70 |  | | gravelly sand,| GP | | | | | | |  | | extremely | | | | | | | |  | | gravelly | | | | | | | |  | | coarse sand, | | | | | | | |  | | very gravelly | | | | | | | |  | | coarse sand | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | Ph: | | | | | | | | | |  Pits, quarry----| 0-72 |Unweathered | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |  | | bedrock | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 
Table 15.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passin Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number--  and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |______________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|______|_ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | PmC: | | | | | | | | | |  Potsdam---------| 0-3 |Slightly |PT |A-8 | 0-1 | 0-5 | --- | --- | --- |  | | decomposed | | | | | | | |  | | plant material| | | | | | | |  | 3-6 |Highly |PT |A-8 | 0-1 | 0-5 | --- | --- | --- |  | | decomposed | | | | | | | |  | | plant material| | | | | | | |  | 6-9 |Very fine sandy|SM, ML |A-4 | 0-1 | 0-5 |92-100|75-100|65-100| | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 9-22 |Silt loam, very|ML, SM |A-4 | 0-1 | 0-5 |92-100|75-100|75-100| | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, loam | | | | | | | |  | 22-34 |Gravelly sandy |SM, GM |A-1, A-2, A-4| 1-15 | 1-25 |60-95 |50-85 |30-75 | | | loam, gravelly| | | | | | | |  | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 34-72 |Gravelly sandy |SM, GM |A-1, A-2, A-4| 1-15 | 1-25 |60-95 |50-85 |30-75 | | | loam, gravelly| | | | | | | |  | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | PoC: | | | | | | | | | |  Potsdam, very | | | | | | | | | |  bouldery-------| 0-3 |Slightly |PT |A-8 | 0-5 | 0-5 | --- | --- | --- |  | | decomposed | | | | | | | |  | | plant material| | | | | | | |  | 3-6 |Highly |PT |A-8 | 0-5 | 0-5 | --- | --- | --- |  | | decomposed | | | | | | | |  | | plant material| | | | | | | |  | 6-9 |Very fine sandy|ML, SM |A-4 | 1-5 | 0-5 |92-100|75-100|65-100| | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 9-22 |Silt loam, very|ML, SM |A-4 | 0-1 | 0-5 |92-100|75-100|75-100| | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, loam | | | | | | | |  | 22-34 |Gravelly sandy |GM, SM |A-1, A-2, A-4| 1-15 | 1-25 |60-95 |50-85 |30-75 | | | loam, gravelly| | | | | | | |  | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 34-72 |Gravelly sandy |SM, GM |A-1, A-2, A-4| 1-15 | 1-25 |60-95 |50-85 |30-75 | | | loam, gravelly| | | | | | | |  | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 
Table 15.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passing  Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number--  and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |______________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|______|_ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | PoC: | | | | | | | | | |  Tunbridge, very | | | | | | | | | |  bouldery-------| 0-3 |Silt loam |GM, ML, SM |A-2, A-4 | 1-5 | 0-20 |65-100|50-92 |40-90 |3 | 3-19 |Silt loam, |SM, ML |A-2, A-5 | 0-5 | 0-20 |65-100|50-92 |40-90 |3 | | gravelly fine | | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | | |  | 19-30 |Gravelly very |ML, SM |A-2, A-4 | 0-5 | 0-20 |60-98 |50-92 |30-90 |2 | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, silt | | | | | | | |  | | loam, sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 30-39 |Unweathered | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |  | | bedrock | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | PoD: | | | | | | | | | |  Potsdam, very | | | | | | | | | |  bouldery-------| 0-3 |Slightly |PT |A-8 | 0-5 | 0-5 | --- | --- | --- |  | | decomposed | | | | | | | |  | | plant material| | | | | | | |  | 3-6 |Highly |PT |A-8 | 0-5 | 0-5 | --- | --- | --- |  | | decomposed | | | | | | | |  | | plant material| | | | | | | |  | 6-9 |Very fine sandy|ML, SM |A-4 | 1-5 | 0-5 |92-100|75-100|65-100|4 | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 9-22 |Silt loam, very|ML, SM |A-4 | 0-1 | 0-5 |92-100|75-100|75-100|4 | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, loam | | | | | | | |  | 22-34 |Gravelly sandy |GM, SM |A-1, A-2, A-4| 1-15 | 1-25 |60-95 |50-85 |30-75 |1 | | loam, gravelly| | | | | | | |  | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 34-72 |Gravelly sandy |SM, GM |A-1, A-2, A-4| 1-15 | 1-25 |60-95 |50-85 |30-75 |1 | | loam, gravelly| | | | | | | |  | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 
Table 15.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passing  Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number--  and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |______________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|______|_ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | PoD: | | | | | | | | | |  Tunbridge, very | | | | | | | | | |  bouldery-------| 0-3 |Silt loam |GM, ML, SM |A-2, A-4 | 1-5 | 0-20 |65-100|50-92 |40-90 |3 | 3-19 |Silt loam, |ML, SM |A-2, A-5 | 0-5 | 0-20 |65-100|50-92 |40-90 |3 | | gravelly fine | | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | | |  | 19-30 |Gravelly very |SM, ML |A-2, A-4 | 0-5 | 0-20 |60-98 |50-92 |30-90 |2 | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, silt | | | | | | | |  | | loam, sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 30-39 |Unweathered | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |  | | bedrock | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | PpD: | | | | | | | | | |  Potsdam, very | | | | | | | | | |  bouldery-------| 0-3 |Slightly |PT |A-8 | 0-5 | 0-5 | --- | --- | --- |  | | decomposed | | | | | | | |  | | plant material| | | | | | | |  | 3-6 |Highly |PT |A-8 | 0-5 | 0-5 | --- | --- | --- |  | | decomposed | | | | | | | |  | | plant material| | | | | | | |  | 6-9 |Very fine sandy|ML, SM |A-4 | 1-5 | 0-5 |92-100|75-100|65-100|4 | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 9-22 |Silt loam, very|ML, SM |A-4 | 0-1 | 0-5 |92-100|75-100|75-100|4 | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, loam | | | | | | | |  | 22-34 |Gravelly sandy |GM, SM |A-1, A-2, A-4| 1-15 | 1-25 |60-95 |50-85 |30-75 |1 | | loam, gravelly| | | | | | | |  | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 34-72 |Gravelly sandy |GM, SM |A-1, A-2, A-4| 1-15 | 1-25 |60-95 |50-85 |30-75 |1 | | loam, gravelly| | | | | | | |  | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 
Table 15.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passing  Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number--  and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |______________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|______|_ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | PpD: | | | | | | | | | |  Berkshire, very | | | | | | | | | |  bouldery-------| 0-7 |Loam |SM, ML |A-2, A-4, A-5| 1-5 | 0-15 |75-95 |70-92 |45-85 |2 | 7-30 |Loam, gravelly |SM, ML |A-2, A-4, A-5| 0-10 | 0-15 |75-92 |70-85 |40-80 |2 | | loam, fine | | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | | |  | 30-72 |Sandy loam, |SM, ML |A-2, A-4 | 0-10 | 0-15 |75-92 |70-85 |40-80 |2 | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, gravelly| | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | PsC: | | | | | | | | | |  Potsdam, very | | | | | | | | | |  bouldery-------| 0-3 |Slightly |PT |A-8 | 0-5 | 0-5 | --- | --- | --- |  | | decomposed | | | | | | | |  | | plant material| | | | | | | |  | 3-6 |Highly |PT |A-8 | 0-5 | 0-5 | --- | --- | --- |  | | decomposed | | | | | | | |  | | plant material| | | | | | | |  | 6-9 |Very fine sandy|ML, SM |A-4 | 1-5 | 0-5 |92-100|75-100|65-100|4 | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 9-22 |Silt loam, very|ML, SM |A-4 | 0-1 | 0-5 |92-100|75-100|75-100|4 | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, loam | | | | | | | |  | 22-34 |Gravelly sandy |GM, SM |A-1, A-2, A-4| 1-15 | 1-25 |60-95 |50-85 |30-75 |1 | | loam, gravelly| | | | | | | |  | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 34-72 |Gravelly sandy |GM, SM |A-1, A-2, A-4| 1-15 | 1-25 |60-95 |50-85 |30-75 |1 | | loam, gravelly| | | | | | | |  | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 
Table 15.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passing  Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number--  and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |______________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|______|_ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | PsC: | | | | | | | | | |  Crary, very | | | | | | | | | |  bouldery-------| 0-8 |Silt loam |SM, ML |A-4 | 1-5 | 0-15 |85-100|75-100|55-95 |4 | 8-24 |Silt loam, very|SM, ML |A-4 | 0-1 | 0-5 |85-100|75-100|60-95 |4 | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, loam | | | | | | | |  | 24-36 |Stony fine |GM, ML, SM |A-1, A-2, A-4| 1-15 | 1-20 |65-92 |50-85 |35-80 |2 | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | |  | | gravelly sandy| | | | | | | |  | | loam, loam | | | | | | | |  | 36-72 |Stony fine |GM, ML, SM |A-1, A-2, A-4| 1-15 | 1-20 |60-92 |50-85 |35-80 |1 | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | |  | | gravelly sandy| | | | | | | |  | | loam, loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | PvB: | | | | | | | | | |  Pyrities--------| 0-8 |Fine sandy loam|GM, ML, SM |A-2, A-4 | 0-1 | 0-9 |85-95 |75-92 |50-85 |3 | 8-40 |Fine sandy |SM, ML, GM |A-2, A-4 | 0-4 | 0-15 |60-95 |50-92 |35-85 |1 | | loam, gravelly| | | | | | | |  | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, gravelly| | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 40-72 |Gravelly fine |SP-SM, SM, |A-1-b, A-2, | 0-7 | 0-20 |50-95 |35-92 |20-80 |1 | | sandy loam, | ML, GM | A-4 | | | | | |  | | gravelly loam,| | | | | | | |  | | very gravelly | | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | PvC: | | | | | | | | | |  Pyrities--------| 0-8 |Fine sandy loam|SM, ML, GM |A-2, A-4 | 0-1 | 0-9 |85-95 |75-92 |50-85 |3 | 8-40 |Fine sandy |GM, ML, SM |A-2, A-4 | 0-4 | 0-15 |60-95 |50-92 |35-85 |1 | | loam, gravelly| | | | | | | |  | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, gravelly| | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 40-72 |Gravelly fine |ML, SP-SM, |A-1-b, A-2, | 0-7 | 0-20 |50-95 |35-92 |20-80 |1 | | sandy loam, | SM, GM | A-4 | | | | | |  | | gravelly loam,| | | | | | | |  | | very gravelly | | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 
Table 15.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passing  Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number--  and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |______________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|______|_ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | PxD: | | | | | | | | | |  Pyrities, very | | | | | | | | | |  stony----------| 0-8 |Fine sandy loam|SM, ML, GM |A-2, A-4 | 1-7 | 0-9 |85-95 |75-92 |50-85 |3 | 8-40 |Fine sandy |SM, ML, GM |A-2, A-4 | 0-4 | 0-15 |60-95 |50-92 |35-85 |1 | | loam, gravelly| | | | | | | |  | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, gravelly| | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 40-72 |Gravelly fine |GM, SP-SM, |A-1-b, A-2, | 0-7 | 0-20 |50-95 |35-92 |20-80 |1 | | sandy loam, | ML, SM | A-4 | | | | | |  | | gravelly loam,| | | | | | | |  | | very gravelly | | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | PyB: | | | | | | | | | |  Pyrities, rocky-| 0-8 |Fine sandy loam|GM, ML, SM |A-2, A-4 | 0-1 | 0-9 |85-95 |75-92 |50-85 |3 | 8-40 |Fine sandy |GM, ML, SM |A-2, A-4 | 0-4 | 0-15 |60-95 |50-92 |35-85 |1 | | loam, gravelly| | | | | | | |  | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, gravelly| | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 40-72 |Gravelly fine |GM, ML, SM, |A-1-b, A-2, | 0-7 | 0-20 |50-95 |35-92 |20-80 |1 | | sandy loam, | SP-SM | A-4 | | | | | |  | | gravelly loam,| | | | | | | |  | | very gravelly | | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | PyC: | | | | | | | | | |  Pyrities, rocky-| 0-8 |Fine sandy loam|SM, ML, GM |A-2, A-4 | 0-1 | 0-9 |85-95 |75-92 |50-85 |3 | 8-40 |Fine sandy |GM, ML, SM |A-2, A-4 | 0-4 | 0-15 |60-95 |50-92 |35-85 |1 | | loam, gravelly| | | | | | | |  | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, gravelly| | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 40-72 |Gravelly fine |SP-SM, GM, |A-1-b, A-2, | 0-7 | 0-20 |50-95 |35-92 |20-80 |1 | | sandy loam, | ML, SM | A-4 | | | | | |  | | gravelly loam,| | | | | | | |  | | very gravelly | | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 
15.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passing  Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number--  and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |______________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|______|_ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | PzC: | | | | | | | | | |  Pyrities, very | | | | | | | | | |  stony----------| 0-8 |Fine sandy loam|SM, GM, ML |A-2, A-4 | 1-7 | 0-9 |85-95 |75-92 |50-85 |3 | 8-40 |Fine sandy |GM, ML, SM |A-2, A-4 | 0-4 | 0-15 |60-95 |50-92 |35-85 |1 | | loam, gravelly| | | | | | | |  | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, gravelly| | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 40-72 |Gravelly fine |GM, ML, SP- |A-1-b, A-2, | 0-7 | 0-20 |50-95 |35-92 |20-80 |1 | | sandy loam, | SM, SM | A-4 | | | | | |  | | gravelly loam,| | | | | | | |  | | very gravelly | | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | |  Kalurah, very | | | | | | | | | |  stony----------| 0-11 |Fine sandy loam|ML, SM |A-2, A-4 | 1-7 | 0-9 |85-95 |75-92 |50-90 |3 | 11-47 |Fine sandy |CL-ML, GM, |A-1, A-2, A-4| 0-7 | 0-15 |60-95 |50-92 |35-85 |1 | | loam, gravelly| SC-SM, SM | | | | | | |  | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, gravelly| | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 47-72 |Gravelly fine |SC-SM, ML, |A-1, A-2, A-4| 0-1 | 0-20 |50-95 |35-92 |20-85 |1 | | sandy loam, | GM, CL-ML | | | | | | |  | | gravelly loam,| | | | | | | |  | | very gravelly | | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | QwB: | | | | | | | | | |  Quetico---------| 0-1 |Moderately |PT |A-8 | 0 | 0-5 | --- | --- | --- |  | | decomposed | | | | | | | |  | | plant material| | | | | | | |  | 1-8 |Loam |SC-SM, SM, SC|A-2, A-4 | 0 | 0-5 |65-96 |50-96 |35-90 |2 | 8-17 |Unweathered | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |  | | bedrock | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | |  Rock outcrop----| 0-72 |Unweathered | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |  | | bedrock | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 
Table 15.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passing  Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number--  and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |______________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|______|_ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | QwB: | | | | | | | | | |  Insula----------| 0-1 |Slightly |PT |A-8 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |  | | decomposed | | | | | | | |  | | plant material| | | | | | | |  | 1-3 |Highly |PT |A-8 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |  | | decomposed | | | | | | | |  | | plant material| | | | | | | |  | 3-16 |Gravelly fine |GM, SM |A-1-b, A-2, | 0-7 | 0-15 |60-90 |50-75 |30-70 |1 | | sandy loam, | | A-4 | | | | | |  | | gravelly sandy| | | | | | | |  | | loam, gravelly| | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 16-25 |Unweathered | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |  | | bedrock | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | RaA: | | | | | | | | | |  Raquette--------| 0-9 |Sandy loam |SM |A-2, A-4 | --- | 0-8 |80-96 |75-95 |45-75 |2 | 9-19 |Sandy loam, |SM |A-1, A-2, A-4| --- | 0-15 |65-96 |50-95 |30-70 |1 | | gravelly loamy| | | | | | | |  | | sand, loamy | | | | | | | |  | | fine sand, | | | | | | | |  | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 19-25 |Gravelly loamy |SM |A-1, A-2, A-4| --- | 0-15 |65-96 |50-95 |30-70 |1 | | sand, sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, fine | | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | | |  | 25-72 |Very gravelly |GW, GP, GW- |A-1 | --- | 0-25 |45-85 |30-70 |15-50 |  | | loamy coarse | GM, SP | | | | | | |  | | sand, very | | | | | | | |  | | gravelly sand,| | | | | | | |  | | gravelly loamy| | | | | | | |  | | sand, very | | | | | | | |  | | gravelly loamy| | | | | | | |  | | fine sand | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 
Table 15.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passing  Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number--  and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |______________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|______|_ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | RaB: | | | | | | | | | |  Raquette--------| 0-9 |Sandy loam |SM |A-2, A-4 | --- | 0-8 |80-96 |75-95 |45-75 |2 | 9-19 |Sandy loam, |SM |A-1, A-2, A-4| --- | 0-15 |65-96 |50-95 |30-70 |1 | | gravelly loamy| | | | | | | |  | | sand, loamy | | | | | | | |  | | fine sand, | | | | | | | |  | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 19-25 |Gravelly loamy |SM |A-1, A-2, A-4| --- | 0-15 |65-96 |50-95 |30-70 |1 | | sand, sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, fine | | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | | |  | 25-72 |Very gravelly |GW, SP, GW- |A-1 | --- | 0-25 |45-85 |30-70 |15-50 |  | | loamy coarse | GM, GP | | | | | | |  | | sand, very | | | | | | | |  | | gravelly sand,| | | | | | | |  | | gravelly loamy| | | | | | | |  | | sand, very | | | | | | | |  | | gravelly loamy| | | | | | | |  | | fine sand | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | RaC: | | | | | | | | | |  Raquette--------| 0-9 |Sandy loam |SM |A-2, A-4 | --- | 0-8 |80-96 |75-95 |45-75 |2 | 9-19 |Sandy loam, |SM |A-1, A-2, A-4| --- | 0-15 |65-96 |50-95 |30-70 |1 | | gravelly loamy| | | | | | | |  | | sand, loamy | | | | | | | |  | | fine sand, | | | | | | | |  | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 19-25 |Gravelly loamy |SM |A-1, A-2, A-4| --- | 0-15 |65-96 |50-95 |30-70 |1 | | sand, sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, fine | | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | | |  | 25-72 |Very gravelly |GP, GW, SP, |A-1 | --- | 0-25 |45-85 |30-70 |15-50 |  | | loamy coarse | GW-GM | | | | | | |  | | sand, very | | | | | | | |  | | gravelly sand,| | | | | | | |  | | gravelly loamy| | | | | | | |  | | sand, very | | | | | | | |  | | gravelly loamy| | | | | | | |  | | fine sand | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 
Table 15.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passin Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number--  and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |______________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|______|_ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | Rd: | | | | | | | | | |  Redwater--------| 0-7 |Fine sandy loam|SM, ML, CL- |A-2, A-2-4, | 0 | 0 |80-100|75-100|50-100| | | | ML, SC-SM | A-4, A-6 | | | | | |  | 7-38 |Fine sandy |SM, SC-SM, |A-2, A-2-4, | 0 | 0 |80-100|75-100|50-95 | | | loam, loam, | ML, CL-ML | A-4, A-6 | | | | | |  | | silt loam | | | | | | | |  | 38-50 |Fine sandy |GW, SM, SW, |A-1, A-2, A- | 0 | 0-20 |50-100|35-100|20-85 |  | | loam, | GM | 2-4, A-3 | | | | | |  | | stratified | | | | | | | |  | | gravelly sandy| | | | | | | |  | | loam to sand, | | | | | | | |  | | loamy fine | | | | | | | |  | | sand, loamy | | | | | | | |  | | sand | | | | | | | |  | 50-60 |Unweathered | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |  | | bedrock | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | RoA: | | | | | | | | | |  Roundabout------| 0-10 |Silt loam |ML |A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 |94-100|80-100| | 10-31 |Silt loam, very|ML |A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 |94-100|80-100| | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 31-55 |Silt loam, very|ML |A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 |94-100|80-100| | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 55-72 |Silt loam, very|ML |A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 |94-100|80-100| | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | RoB: | | | | | | | | | |  Roundabout------| 0-10 |Silt loam |ML |A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 |94-100|80-100| | 10-31 |Silt loam, very|ML |A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 |94-100|80-100| | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 31-55 |Silt loam, very|ML |A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 |94-100|80-100| | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 55-72 |Silt loam, very|ML |A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 |94-100|80-100| | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 
Table 15.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passing  Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number--  and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |______________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|______|_ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | Rt: | | | | | | | | | |  Runeberg--------| 0-10 |Loam |ML, CL-ML |A-4 | 0-1 | 0-5 |85-96 |75-95 |50-90 |3 | 10-24 |Sandy loam, |SC, ML, SM, |A-2, A-4 | 0-4 | 0-8 |85-96 |75-95 |50-80 |3 | | loam, gravelly| SC-SM | | | | | | |  | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 24-72 |Sandy loam, |SC, ML, SM, |A-2, A-4 | 0-5 | 0-8 |80-96 |75-95 |45-80 |2 | | loam, gravelly| SC-SM | | | | | | |  | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | Ru: | | | | | | | | | |  Runeberg, very | | | | | | | | | |  stony----------| 0-10 |Loam |ML, CL-ML |A-4 | 1-5 | 0-5 |85-96 |75-95 |50-90 |3 | 10-24 |Sandy loam, |ML, SM, SC- |A-2, A-4 | 0-4 | 0-8 |85-96 |75-95 |50-80 |3 | | loam, gravelly| SM, SC | | | | | | |  | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 24-72 |Sandy loam, |SM, SC-SM, |A-2, A-4 | 0-5 | 0-8 |80-96 |75-95 |45-80 |2 | | loam, gravelly| SC, ML | | | | | | |  | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | SaB: | | | | | | | | | |  Salmon----------| 0-13 |Very fine sandy|ML, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 |85-100|75-100|5 | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 13-25 |Very fine sandy|ML, CL-ML |A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 |85-100|75-100|5 | | loam, silt | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 25-30 |Silt loam, very|ML, CL-ML |A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 |85-100|75-100|5 | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 30-72 |Silt loam, very|SM, ML, CL- |A-2, A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 |85-100|55-100|2 | | fine sandy | ML, SC-SM | | | | | | |  | | loam, sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 
Table 15.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passing  Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number--  and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |______________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|______|_ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | SaC: | | | | | | | | | |  Salmon, rolling-| 0-13 |Very fine sandy|CL-ML, ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 |85-100|75-100|5 | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 13-25 |Very fine sandy|CL-ML, ML |A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 |85-100|75-100|5 | | loam, silt | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 25-30 |Silt loam, very|CL-ML, ML |A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 |85-100|75-100|5 | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 30-72 |Silt loam, very|SM, CL-ML, |A-2, A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 |85-100|55-100|2 | | fine sandy | ML, SC-SM | | | | | | |  | | loam, sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | Se: | | | | | | | | | |  Searsport-------| 0-6 |Muck |PT |A-8 | 0 | 0 | --- | --- | --- |  | 6-10 |Mucky loamy |SP-SM, SM |A-4, A-1, A- | 0 | 0 |85-100|75-100|40-75 |  | | fine sand, | | 2, A-3 | | | | | |  | | loamy fine | | | | | | | |  | | sand, mucky | | | | | | | |  | | sand, fine | | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | | |  | 10-34 |Loamy fine |SP-SM, SP, SM|A-1, A-2, A- | 0 | 0 |85-100|75-100|40-80 |  | | sand, loamy | | 3, A-4 | | | | | |  | | sand, sand, | | | | | | | |  | | coarse sand | | | | | | | |  | 34-72 |Stratified fine|SP, SM, GP, |A-1, A-2, A-3| 0 | 0 |50-100|40-100|20-80 |  | | sand to sand | GM | | | | | | |  | | to gravelly | | | | | | | |  | | sand, sand, | | | | | | | |  | | gravelly loamy| | | | | | | |  | | fine sand, | | | | | | | |  | | very gravelly | | | | | | | |  | | coarse sand | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 
Table 15.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passing  Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number--  and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |______________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|______|_ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | Sg: | | | | | | | | | |  Stockholm-------| 0-10 |Loamy fine sand|SM, SP-SM |A-2, A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 |92-100|60-85 |1 | 10-23 |Loamy fine |SP-SM, SM |A-2, A-3, A-4| 0 | 0 | 100 |92-100|55-80 |  | | sand, fine | | | | | | | |  | | sand, loamy | | | | | | | |  | | sand, sand | | | | | | | |  | 23-30 |Clay, clay |CL-ML, CL |A-4, A-6, A- | 0 | 0 | 100 |92-100|85-100|7 | | loam, silty | | 7, A-7-6 | | | | | |  | | clay, silty | | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | | |  | 30-72 |Clay, clay |CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6, A- | 0 | 0 | 100 |92-100|85-100|7 | | loam, silty | | 7, A-7-6 | | | | | |  | | clay, silty | | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | ShB: | | | | | | | | | |  Summerville-----| 0-6 |Fine sandy loam|CL, CL-ML, |A-2-4, A-4 | 0 | 0-25 |92-100|90-100|55-95 |2 | | | SC-SM, SC | | | | | | |  | 6-12 |Fine sandy |SC-SM, SC, |A-2-4, A-2-6,| 0 | 0-25 |92-100|90-100|55-95 |2 | | loam, sandy | CL-ML, CL | A-4 | | | | | |  | | loam, loam | | | | | | | |  | 12-22 |Unweathered | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |  | | bedrock | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | SkB: | | | | | | | | | |  Summerville, | | | | | | | | | |  rocky----------| 0-6 |Fine sandy loam|SC-SM, CL-ML,|A-2-4, A-4 | 0 | 0-25 |92-100|90-100|55-95 |2 | | | CL, SC | | | | | | |  | 6-12 |Fine sandy |CL, CL-ML, |A-2-4, A-2-6,| 0 | 0-25 |92-100|90-100|55-95 |2 | | loam, sandy | SC, SC-SM | A-4 | | | | | |  | | loam, loam | | | | | | | |  | 12-22 |Unweathered | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |  | | bedrock | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | |  Gouverneur------| 0-7 |Channery loam |CL, CL-ML, |A-2, A-4, A-6| 0 | 0 |75-97 |70-95 |50-90 |3 | | | ML, SM | | | | | | |  | 7-9 |Channery fine |CL, CL-ML, |A-2, A-4, A-6| 0 | 0 |75-97 |70-95 |50-90 |3 | | sandy loam, | ML, SM | | | | | | |  | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, loam, | | | | | | | |  | | channery silt | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 9-19 |Unweathered | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |  | | bedrock | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 
Table 15.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passing  Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number--  and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |______________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|______|_ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | SlD: | | | | | | | | | |  Summerville, | | | | | | | | | |  hilly----------| 0-6 |Fine sandy loam|SC, CL, CL- |A-2-4, A-4 | 0 | 0-25 |92-100|90-100|55-95 |2 | | | ML, SC-SM | | | | | | |  | 6-12 |Fine sandy |SC-SM, CL, |A-2-4, A-2-6,| 0 | 0-25 |92-100|90-100|55-95 |2 | | loam, sandy | SC, CL-ML | A-4 | | | | | |  | | loam, loam | | | | | | | |  | 12-22 |Unweathered | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |  | | bedrock | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | |  Rock outcrop----| 0-72 |Unweathered | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |  | | bedrock | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | SmC: | | | | | | | | | |  Summerville, | | | | | | | | | |  rolling--------| 0-6 |Fine sandy loam|SC-SM, CL, |A-2-4, A-4 | 0 | 0-25 |92-100|90-100|55-95 |2 | | | CL-ML, SC | | | | | | |  | 6-12 |Fine sandy |CL, CL-ML, |A-2-4, A-2-6,| 0 | 0-25 |92-100|90-100|55-95 |2 | | loam, sandy | SC, SC-SM | A-4 | | | | | |  | | loam, loam | | | | | | | |  | 12-22 |Unweathered | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |  | | bedrock | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | |  Rock outcrop----| 0-60 |Unweathered | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |  | | bedrock | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | |  Nehasne, | | | | | | | | | |  rolling--------| 0-7 |Sandy loam |SM, ML |A-2-4, A-4 | 0 | 0-8 |80-92 |75-86 |45-75 |2 | 7-23 |Gravelly fine |SM, ML, GM |A-2, A-4 | 0 | 0-15 |70-92 |60-85 |40-75 |2 | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | |  | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, loam | | | | | | | |  | 23-25 |Gravelly fine |SM, GM |A-1, A-2, A-4| 0-1 | 3-20 |60-90 |40-70 |30-65 |1 | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | |  | | very gravelly | | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | |  | | very gravelly | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 25-35 |Unweathered | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |  | | bedrock | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 
Table 15.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passing  Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number--  and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |______________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|______|_ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | SpB: | | | | | | | | | |  Sunapee---------| 0-1 |Moderately |PT |A-8 | 0-1 | 0-5 | --- | --- | --- |  | | decomposed | | | | | | | |  | | plant material| | | | | | | |  | 1-4 |Fine sandy loam|ML, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0-1 | 0-5 |85-96 |75-92 |60-85 |3 | 4-23 |Fine sandy |SM |A-2, A-4 | 0-1 | 0-15 |70-96 |55-92 |30-75 |2 | | loam, sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, gravelly| | | | | | | |  | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 23-72 |Fine sandy |SM |A-2, A-4 | 0-5 | 0-15 |70-96 |55-92 |30-75 |2 | | loam, gravelly| | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | |  | | gravelly loamy| | | | | | | |  | | sand | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | SsB: | | | | | | | | | |  Sunapee, very | | | | | | | | | |  bouldery-------| 0-1 |Moderately |PT |A-8 | 0-5 | 0-5 | --- | --- | --- |  | | decomposed | | | | | | | |  | | plant material| | | | | | | |  | 1-4 |Fine sandy loam|ML, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 1-5 | 0-5 |85-96 |75-92 |60-85 |3 | 4-23 |Fine sandy |SM |A-2, A-4 | 0-1 | 0-15 |70-96 |55-92 |30-75 |2 | | loam, sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, gravelly| | | | | | | |  | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 23-72 |Fine sandy |SM |A-2, A-4 | 0-5 | 0-15 |70-96 |55-92 |30-75 |2 | | loam, gravelly| | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | |  | | gravelly loamy| | | | | | | |  | | sand | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | |  Berkshire, very | | | | | | | | | |  bouldery-------| 0-7 |Loam |SM, ML |A-2, A-4, A-5| 1-5 | 0-15 |75-95 |70-92 |45-85 |2 | 7-30 |Loam, gravelly |ML, SM |A-2, A-4, A-5| 0-10 | 0-15 |75-92 |70-85 |40-80 |2 | | loam, fine | | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | | |  | 30-72 |Sandy loam, |ML, SM |A-2, A-4 | 0-10 | 0-15 |75-92 |70-85 |40-80 |2 | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, gravelly| | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 
Table 15.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passing  Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number--  and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |______________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|______|_ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | Sw: | | | | | | | | | |  Swanton---------| 0-8 |Fine sandy loam|SM, SC, ML, |A-2, A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|60-95 |3 | | | CL | | | | | | |  | 8-26 |Fine sandy |ML, SC, SM, |A-2, A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|60-90 |3 | | loam, sandy | CL | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 26-72 |Silty clay |CH, CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-100|8 | | loam, silty | | | | | | | |  | | clay, clay | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | TdA: | | | | | | | | | |  Trout River-----| 0-8 |Loamy sand |SM, SP-SM |A-1, A-2, A-4| 0 | 0-8 |85-100|75-100|35-80 |1 | 8-33 |Very gravelly |SM, SP-SM, SP|A-1 | 0-1 | 0-30 |50-85 |30-65 |15-45 |  | | loamy sand, | | | | | | | |  | | gravelly loamy| | | | | | | |  | | sand, very | | | | | | | |  | | gravelly sand | | | | | | | |  | 33-72 |Very gravelly |SW, SP, GW, |A-1 | 0-3 | 1-30 |45-75 |20-50 |10-35 |  | | loamy sand, | GP | | | | | | |  | | extremely | | | | | | | |  | | gravelly sand,| | | | | | | |  | | very cobbly | | | | | | | |  | | sand | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | TdB: | | | | | | | | | |  Trout River-----| 0-8 |Loamy sand |SM, SP-SM |A-1, A-2, A-4| 0 | 0-8 |85-100|75-100|35-80 |1 | 8-33 |Very gravelly |SP-SM, SP, SM|A-1 | 0-1 | 0-30 |50-85 |30-65 |15-45 |  | | loamy sand, | | | | | | | |  | | gravelly loamy| | | | | | | |  | | sand, very | | | | | | | |  | | gravelly sand | | | | | | | |  | 33-72 |Very gravelly |GP, SW, SP, |A-1 | 0-3 | 1-30 |45-75 |20-50 |10-35 |  | | loamy sand, | GW | | | | | | |  | | extremely | | | | | | | |  | | gravelly sand,| | | | | | | |  | | very cobbly | | | | | | | |  | | sand | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 
Table 15.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passing  Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number--  and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |______________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|______|_ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | TfB: | | | | | | | | | |  Trout River, | | | | | | | | | |  very stony-----| 0-8 |Loamy sand |SP-SM, SM |A-1, A-2, A-4| 1-5 | 0-8 |85-100|75-100|35-80 |1 | 8-33 |Very gravelly |SP-SM, SP, SM|A-1 | 0-1 | 0-30 |50-85 |30-65 |15-45 |  | | loamy sand, | | | | | | | |  | | gravelly loamy| | | | | | | |  | | sand, very | | | | | | | |  | | gravelly sand | | | | | | | |  | 33-72 |Very gravelly |SP, SW, GW, |A-1 | 0-3 | 1-30 |45-75 |20-50 |10-35 |  | | loamy sand, | GP | | | | | | |  | | extremely | | | | | | | |  | | gravelly sand,| | | | | | | |  | | very cobbly | | | | | | | |  | | sand | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | |  Fahey, very | | | | | | | | | |  stony----------| 0-7 |Loamy fine sand|SP-SM, SM |A-1, A-2, A-4| 1-5 | 0-5 |85-100|75-100|35-80 |1 | 7-31 |Very gravelly |SP, SM, GM |A-1, A-2-4, | 0-1 | 5-25 |55-92 |35-70 |25-55 |  | | loamy fine | | A-3 | | | | | |  | | sand, very | | | | | | | |  | | gravelly loamy| | | | | | | |  | | sand, gravelly| | | | | | | |  | | loamy fine | | | | | | | |  | | sand, cobbly | | | | | | | |  | | loamy sand, | | | | | | | |  | | very gravelly | | | | | | | |  | | sand | | | | | | | |  | 31-72 |Very gravelly |SP, GW, GP, |A-1 | 0-1 | 1-30 |45-85 |20-55 |15-45 |  | | loamy sand, | SW | | | | | | |  | | gravelly loamy| | | | | | | |  | | sand, | | | | | | | |  | | extremely | | | | | | | |  | | gravelly loamy| | | | | | | |  | | sand, cobbly | | | | | | | |  | | sand | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 
Table 15.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passin Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number--  and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |______________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|______|_ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | TuD: | | | | | | | | | |  Tunbridge-------| 0-3 |Silt loam |SM, ML, GM |A-2, A-4 | 0-2 | 0-20 |65-100|50-92 |40-90 | | 3-19 |Silt loam, |ML, SM |A-2, A-5 | 0-5 | 0-20 |65-100|50-92 |40-90 | | | gravelly fine | | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | | |  | 19-30 |Gravelly very |SM, ML |A-2, A-4 | 0-5 | 0-20 |60-98 |50-92 |30-90 | | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, silt | | | | | | | |  | | loam, sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 30-39 |Unweathered | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |  | | bedrock | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | |  Lyman-----------| 0-4 |Silt loam |SM, ML, GM |A-2, A-4 | 0-2 | 0-15 |85-95 |75-92 |55-92 | | 4-14 |Silt loam, |SM, ML, GM |A-1, A-2, A-4| 0-5 | 0-15 |70-95 |50-92 |35-85 | | | channery fine | | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 14-24 |Unweathered | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |  | | bedrock | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | TwC: | | | | | | | | | |  Tunbridge, | | | | | | | | | |  rolling--------| 0-3 |Silt loam |GM, ML, SM |A-2, A-4 | 0-2 | 0-20 |65-100|50-92 |40-90 | | 3-19 |Silt loam, |SM, ML |A-2, A-5 | 0-5 | 0-20 |65-100|50-92 |40-90 | | | gravelly fine | | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | | |  | 19-30 |Gravelly very |ML, SM |A-2, A-4 | 0-5 | 0-20 |60-98 |50-92 |30-90 | | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, silt | | | | | | | |  | | loam, sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 30-39 |Unweathered | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |  | | bedrock | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | |  Lyman, rolling--| 0-4 |Silt loam |GM, ML, SM |A-2, A-4 | 0-2 | 0-15 |85-95 |75-92 |55-92 | | 4-14 |Silt loam, |ML, SM, GM |A-1, A-2, A-4| 0-5 | 0-15 |70-95 |50-92 |35-85 | | | channery fine | | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 14-24 |Unweathered | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |  | | bedrock | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 
Table 15.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passin Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number--  and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |______________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|______|_ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | TwC: | | | | | | | | | |  Dawson----------| 0-5 |Peat |PT |A-8 | 0 | 0 | --- | --- | --- |  | 5-30 |Muck |PT |A-8 | 0 | 0 | --- | --- | --- |  | 30-72 |Loamy sand, |SP, SM, SC, |A-1, A-2, A- | 0 | 0 |45-100|35-100|15-90 |  | | gravelly sand,| GP | 3, A-4 | | | | | |  | | very gravelly | | | | | | | |  | | very fine sand| | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | Ua: | | | | | | | | | |  Udipsamments, | | | | | | | | | |  smoothed-------| 0-6 |Fine sand |SP, SM |A-1 | 0 | 0 |92-100|85-100|40-80 |  | 6-72 |Sand, fine |SP, SM |A-1 | 0 | 0 |85-100|85-100|40-80 |  | | sand, loamy | | | | | | | |  | | sand | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | Ue: | | | | | | | | | |  Udorthents, | | | | | | | | | |  loamy----------| 0-4 |Loam |CL, SC, SM, |A-2, A-4, A-6| 0 | 0-5 |80-100|75-100|55-100| | | | ML | | | | | | |  | 4-72 |Very gravelly |GM, ML, SC, |A-1, A-2, A- | 0 | 0-10 |60-100|50-100|20-100| | | sandy loam, | CL | 4, A-6 | | | | | |  | | channery loam,| | | | | | | |  | | silty clay | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | Uf: | | | | | | | | | |  Udorthents, | | | | | | | | | |  clayey---------| 0-6 |Silty clay loam|CH, CL, MH, |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 |92-100|92-100|90-100| | | | ML | | | | | | |  | 6-72 |Silty clay, |CH, CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 |92-100|85-100|75-100| | | clay, silty | | | | | | | |  | | clay loam, | | | | | | | |  | | silt loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | Ug: | | | | | | | | | |  Udorthents, | | | | | | | | | |  mine waste, | | | | | | | | | |  acid-----------| 0-4 |Gravelly loam |CL, ML, SC, |A-2, A-4, A-6| 0-7 | 0-5 |55-100|40-100|20-100| | | | SM, GM | | | | | | |  | 4-72 |Very gravelly |SC, GM, CL, |A-1, A-2, A- | 0-7 | 0-15 |55-100|40-100|20-100| | | sandy loam, | ML | 4, A-6 | | | | | |  | | channery loam,| | | | | | | |  | | silty clay | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 
Table 15.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passin Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number--  and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |______________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|______|_ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | Uh: | | | | | | | | | |  Udorthents, | | | | | | | | | |  mine waste, | | | | | | | | | |  nonacid--------| 0-4 |Gravelly loam |SM, GM, ML, |A-2, A-4, A-6| 0-7 | 0-5 |55-100|40-100|20-100| | | | SC, CL | | | | | | |  | 4-72 |Very gravelly |ML, SC, GM, |A-1, A-2, A- | 0-7 | 0-15 |55-100|40-100|20-100| | | sandy loam, | CL | 4, A-6 | | | | | |  | | channery loam,| | | | | | | |  | | silty clay | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | Un: | | | | | | | | | |  Udorthents, | | | | | | | | | |  refuse | | | | | | | | | |  substratum-----| 0-6 |Loam |SM, ML, SC, |A-2, A-4 | 0 | 0-4 |80-100|75-100|30-100| | | | CL | | | | | | |  | 6-72 |Variable | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |  | | | | | | | | | | Ur: | | | | | | | | | |  Urban land------| 0-6 |Variable | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |  | | | | | | | | | | W: | | | | | | | | | |  Water. | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 
Table 15.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passin Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number--  and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |______________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|______|_ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | WaA: | | | | | | | | | |  Waddington------| 0-8 |Gravelly sandy |CL-ML, GM, |A-1, A-2-4, | 0 | 0-25 |50-90 |45-80 |45-80 | | | loam | SC-SM, SM | A-4 | | | | | |  | 8-12 |Gravelly loam, |SP-SM, SM, |A-1, A-2-4, | 0 | 0-25 |50-90 |40-80 |25-75 | | | gravelly fine | CL-ML, CL | A-4 | | | | | |  | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | |  | | very gravelly | | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | | |  | 12-19 |Very gravelly |GP-GM, GM, |A-1, A-2-4 | 0 | 5-25 |50-85 |40-85 |20-50 |  | | sandy loam, | SM, GW-GM | | | | | | |  | | very gravelly | | | | | | | |  | | loamy sand, | | | | | | | |  | | very gravelly | | | | | | | |  | | sand | | | | | | | |  | 19-72 |Very gravelly |GM, GW-GM |A-1 | 0 | 4-30 |45-75 |25-45 |15-30 |  | | loamy sand, | | | | | | | |  | | extremely | | | | | | | |  | | gravelly sandy| | | | | | | |  | | loam, | | | | | | | |  | | stratified | | | | | | | |  | | extremely | | | | | | | |  | | gravelly | | | | | | | |  | | coarse sand | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 
Table 15.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passin Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number--  and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |______________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|______|_ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | WaB: | | | | | | | | | |  Waddington------| 0-8 |Gravelly sandy |CL-ML, GM, |A-1, A-2-4, | --- | 0-25 |50-90 |45-80 |45-80 | | | loam | SC-SM, SM | A-4 | | | | | |  | 8-12 |Gravelly loam, |SP-SM, CL, |A-1, A-2-4, | --- | 0-25 |50-90 |40-80 |25-75 | | | gravelly fine | CL-ML, SM | A-4 | | | | | |  | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | |  | | very gravelly | | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | | |  | 12-19 |Very gravelly |GW-GM, GM, |A-1, A-2-4 | --- | 5-25 |50-85 |40-85 |20-50 |  | | sandy loam, | GP-GM, SM | | | | | | |  | | very gravelly | | | | | | | |  | | loamy sand, | | | | | | | |  | | very gravelly | | | | | | | |  | | sand | | | | | | | |  | 19-72 |Very gravelly |GW-GM, GM |A-1 | --- | 4-30 |45-75 |25-45 |15-30 |  | | loamy sand, | | | | | | | |  | | extremely | | | | | | | |  | | gravelly sandy| | | | | | | |  | | loam, | | | | | | | |  | | stratified | | | | | | | |  | | extremely | | | | | | | |  | | gravelly | | | | | | | |  | | coarse sand | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 
Table 15.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passin Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number--  and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |______________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|______|_ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | WaC: | | | | | | | | | |  Waddington, | | | | | | | | | |  rolling--------| 0-8 |Gravelly sandy |SC-SM, CL-ML,|A-1, A-2-4, | --- | 0-25 |50-90 |45-80 |45-80 | | | loam | GM, SM | A-4 | | | | | |  | 8-12 |Gravelly loam, |SP-SM, SM, |A-1, A-2-4, | --- | 0-25 |50-90 |40-80 |25-75 | | | gravelly fine | CL-ML, CL | A-4 | | | | | |  | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | |  | | very gravelly | | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | | |  | 12-19 |Very gravelly |GP-GM, GW-GM,|A-1, A-2-4 | --- | 5-25 |50-85 |40-85 |20-50 |  | | sandy loam, | SM, GM | | | | | | |  | | very gravelly | | | | | | | |  | | loamy sand, | | | | | | | |  | | very gravelly | | | | | | | |  | | sand | | | | | | | |  | 19-72 |Very gravelly |GW-GM, GM |A-1 | --- | 4-30 |45-75 |25-45 |15-30 |  | | loamy sand, | | | | | | | |  | | extremely | | | | | | | |  | | gravelly sandy| | | | | | | |  | | loam, | | | | | | | |  | | stratified | | | | | | | |  | | extremely | | | | | | | |  | | gravelly | | | | | | | |  | | coarse sand | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 
Table 15.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passin Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number--  and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |______________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|______|_ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | WaD: | | | | | | | | | |  Waddington------| 0-8 |Gravelly sandy |GM, SC-SM, |A-1, A-2-4, | --- | 0-25 |50-90 |45-80 |45-80 | | | loam | SM, CL-ML | A-4 | | | | | |  | 8-12 |Gravelly loam, |CL-ML, CL, |A-1, A-2-4, | --- | 0-25 |50-90 |40-80 |25-75 | | | gravelly fine | SM, SP-SM | A-4 | | | | | |  | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | |  | | very gravelly | | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | | |  | 12-19 |Very gravelly |GM, GP-GM, |A-1, A-2-4 | --- | 5-25 |50-85 |40-85 |20-50 |  | | sandy loam, | GW-GM, SM | | | | | | |  | | very gravelly | | | | | | | |  | | loamy sand, | | | | | | | |  | | very gravelly | | | | | | | |  | | sand | | | | | | | |  | 19-72 |Very gravelly |GM, GW-GM |A-1 | --- | 4-30 |45-75 |25-45 |15-30 |  | | loamy sand, | | | | | | | |  | | extremely | | | | | | | |  | | gravelly sandy| | | | | | | |  | | loam, | | | | | | | |  | | stratified | | | | | | | |  | | extremely | | | | | | | |  | | gravelly | | | | | | | |  | | coarse sand | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 
Table 15.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passin Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number--  and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |______________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|______|_ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | WdB: | | | | | | | | | |  Waddington, | | | | | | | | | |  very cobbly | | | | | | | | | |  sandy loam-----| 0-8 |Very cobbly |SM, SC-SM, |A-1, A-2-4, | 0-4 | 8-30 |50-90 |45-80 |45-80 | | | sandy loam | GM, CL-ML | A-4 | | | | | |  | 8-12 |Gravelly loam, |CL-ML, SP-SM,|A-1, A-2-4, | 0-1 | 0-25 |50-90 |40-80 |25-75 | | | gravelly fine | CL, SM | A-4 | | | | | |  | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | |  | | very gravelly | | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | | |  | 12-19 |Very gravelly |SM, GW-GM, |A-1, A-2-4 | 0-1 | 5-25 |50-85 |40-85 |20-50 |  | | sandy loam, | GP-GM, GM | | | | | | |  | | very gravelly | | | | | | | |  | | loamy sand, | | | | | | | |  | | very gravelly | | | | | | | |  | | sand | | | | | | | |  | 19-72 |Very gravelly |GW-GM, GM |A-1 | 0-1 | 4-30 |45-75 |25-45 |15-30 |  | | loamy sand, | | | | | | | |  | | extremely | | | | | | | |  | | gravelly sandy| | | | | | | |  | | loam, | | | | | | | |  | | stratified | | | | | | | |  | | extremely | | | | | | | |  | | gravelly | | | | | | | |  | | coarse sand | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | Wg: | | | | | | | | | |  Wegatchie-------| 0-8 |Silt loam |MH, ML |A-4, A-5, A-7| 0 | 0 |96-100|96-100|85-100| | 8-40 |Clay loam, |CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 |96-100|96-100|80-100| | | silty clay | | | | | | | |  | | loam, silt | | | | | | | |  | | loam, very | | | | | | | |  | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 40-72 |Silt loam, |CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 |85-100|85-100|70-100| | | silty clay | | | | | | | |  | | loam, very | | | | | | | |  | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | | _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|______|_
Table 16.--Physical Properties of the Soils (Entries under "Erosion factors--T" apply to the entire profile. Entries under "Wind erodibility group

 erodibility index" apply only to the surface layer. Absence of an entry indicates that data were ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | | |Erosion fac Map symbol | Depth | Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Linear | Organic |___________ and soil name | | | bulk | bility | water |extensi- | matter | |  | | | density | (Ksat) |capacity | bility | | Kw | Kf _____________________|_______|______|_________|_____________|_________|_________|_________|_____|_____ | In | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | Pct | Pct | |  | | | | | | | | | 021: | | | | | | | | |  Dawson--------------| 0-5 | 0-0 |0.20-0.35| 0.6-6 |0.45-0.55| --- | 65-85 | --- | ---  | 5-30 | 0-0 |0.15-0.40| 0.2-6 |0.35-0.45| --- | 65-85 | --- | ---  | 30-72 | 0-10 |1.55-1.75| 6-20 |0.03-0.10| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 |0.10 |0.15  | | | | | | | | |  Fluvaquents---------| 0-10 | 3-35 |0.90-1.20| 0.06-20 |0.15-0.25| 0.0-2.9 | 4.0-20 |0.32 |0.32  | 10-72 | 2-35 |1.20-1.60| 0.06-20 |0.03-0.16| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-1.0 |0.28 |0.32  | | | | | | | | |  Loxley--------------| 0-3 | 0-0 |0.30-0.40| 0.6-6 |0.45-0.55| --- | 70-90 | --- | ---  | 3-72 | 0-0 |0.10-0.35| 0.2-6 |0.35-0.45| --- | 70-90 | --- | ---  | | | | | | | | | 023: | | | | | | | | |  Loxley--------------| 0-3 | 0-0 |0.30-0.40| 0.6-6 |0.45-0.55| --- | 70-90 | --- | ---  | 3-72 | 0-0 |0.10-0.35| 0.2-6 |0.35-0.45| --- | 70-90 | --- | ---  | | | | | | | | |  Dawson--------------| 0-5 | 0-0 |0.20-0.35| 0.6-6 |0.45-0.55| --- | 65-85 | --- | ---  | 5-30 | 0-0 |0.15-0.40| 0.2-6 |0.35-0.45| --- | 65-85 | --- | ---  | 30-72 | 0-10 |1.55-1.75| 6-20 |0.03-0.10| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 |0.10 |0.15  | | | | | | | | | 363A: | | | | | | | | |  Adams---------------| 0-7 | 0-5 |1.00-1.30| 6-20 |0.03-0.06| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-5.0 |0.17 |0.17  | 7-8 | 0-5 |1.00-1.30| 6-20 |0.08-0.16| 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-3.0 |0.17 |0.17  | 8-20 | 0-5 |1.10-1.45| 6-20 |0.03-0.10| 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-3.0 |0.17 |0.17  | 20-72 | 0-5 |1.20-1.50| 20-101 |0.03-0.04| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 |0.17 |0.17  | | | | | | | | | 363B: | | | | | | | | |  Adams---------------| 0-7 | 0-5 |1.00-1.30| 6-20 |0.03-0.06| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-5.0 |0.17 |0.17  | 7-8 | 0-5 |1.00-1.30| 6-20 |0.08-0.16| 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-3.0 |0.17 |0.17  | 8-20 | 0-5 |1.10-1.45| 6-20 |0.03-0.10| 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-3.0 |0.17 |0.17  | 20-72 | 0-5 |1.20-1.50| 20-101 |0.03-0.04| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 |0.17 |0.17  | | | | | | | | | 363D: | | | | | | | | |  Adams---------------| 0-7 | 0-5 |1.00-1.30| 6-20 |0.03-0.06| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-5.0 |0.17 |0.17  | 7-8 | 0-5 |1.00-1.30| 6-20 |0.08-0.16| 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-3.0 |0.17 |0.17  | 8-20 | 0-5 |1.10-1.45| 6-20 |0.03-0.10| 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-3.0 |0.17 |0.17  | 20-72 | 0-5 |1.20-1.50| 20-101 |0.03-0.04| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 |0.17 |0.17  | | | | | | | | | 365: | | | | | | | | |  Naumburg------------| 0-5 | --- |0.10-0.40| 0.2-6 |0.20-0.50| --- | 35-80 | --- | ---  | 5-19 | 1-5 |1.20-1.50| 2-6 |0.05-0.09| 0.0-2.9 | 3.0-7.0 |0.17 |0.17  | 19-41 | 1-5 |1.20-1.50| 6-20 |0.06-0.08| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.17 |0.17  | 41-72 | 1-5 |1.45-1.65| 6-20 |0.04-0.06| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.17 |0.17  | | | | | | | | | 
Table 16.--Physical Properties of the Soils--Continued _____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | |Erosion f Map symbol | Depth | Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Linear | Organic |__________ and soil name | | | bulk | bility | water |extensi- | matter | |  | | | density | (Ksat) |capacity | bility | | Kw | Kf _____________________|_______|______|_________|_____________|_________|_________|_________|_____|____ | In | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | Pct | Pct | |  | | | | | | | | | 365: | | | | | | | | |  Croghan-------------| 0-10 | 0-5 |1.10-1.50| 6-20 |0.05-0.09| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-6.0 |0.17 |0.1 | 10-44 | 0-5 |1.20-1.50| 20-101 |0.03-0.07| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.17 |0.1 | 44-72 | 0-5 |1.20-1.50| 20-101 |0.03-0.06| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.17 |0.1 | | | | | | | | | 376A: | | | | | | | | |  Colton--------------| 0-6 | 1-5 |1.10-1.40| 6-20 |0.03-0.07| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-6.0 |0.15 |0.1 | 6-20 | 0-5 |1.25-1.55| 6-20 |0.02-0.05| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 |0.15 |0.1 | 20-72 | 0-3 |1.45-1.65| 20-101 |0.01-0.02| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.10 |0.1 | | | | | | | | |  Duxbury-------------| 0-7 | 5-27 |1.20-1.35| 2-6 |0.22-0.24| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-8.0 |0.37 |0.3 | 7-14 | 5-27 |0.80-1.20| 2-6 |0.16-0.24| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-5.0 |0.49 |0.4 | 14-24 | 5-27 |1.00-1.40| 2-6 |0.16-0.22| 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-2.0 |0.28 |0.2 | 24-72 | 0-2 |1.40-1.70| 6-20 |0.01-0.06| 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-1.0 |0.17 |0.2 | | | | | | | | |  Adams---------------| 0-7 | 0-5 |1.00-1.30| 6-20 |0.03-0.06| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-5.0 |0.17 |0.1 | 7-8 | 0-5 |1.00-1.30| 6-20 |0.08-0.16| 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-3.0 |0.17 |0.1 | 8-20 | 0-5 |1.10-1.45| 6-20 |0.03-0.10| 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-3.0 |0.17 |0.1 | 20-72 | 0-5 |1.20-1.50| 20-20 |0.03-0.04| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 |0.17 |0.1 | | | | | | | | | 376C: | | | | | | | | |  Colton--------------| 0-6 | 1-5 |1.10-1.40| 6-20 |0.03-0.07| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-6.0 |0.15 |0.1 | 6-20 | 0-5 |1.25-1.55| 6-20 |0.02-0.05| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 |0.15 |0.1 | 20-72 | 0-3 |1.45-1.65| 20-101 |0.01-0.02| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.10 |0.1 | | | | | | | | |  Duxbury-------------| 0-7 | 5-27 |1.20-1.35| 2-6 |0.22-0.24| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-8.0 |0.37 |0.3 | 7-14 | 5-27 |0.80-1.20| 2-6 |0.16-0.24| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-5.0 |0.49 |0.4 | 14-24 | 5-27 |1.00-1.40| 2-6 |0.16-0.22| 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-2.0 |0.28 |0.2 | 24-72 | 0-2 |1.40-1.70| 6-20 |0.01-0.06| 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-1.0 |0.17 |0.2 | | | | | | | | |  Adams---------------| 0-7 | 0-5 |1.00-1.30| 6-20 |0.03-0.06| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-5.0 |0.17 |0.1 | 7-8 | 0-5 |1.00-1.30| 6-20 |0.08-0.16| 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-3.0 |0.17 |0.1 | 8-20 | 0-5 |1.10-1.45| 6-20 |0.03-0.10| 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-3.0 |0.17 |0.1 | 20-72 | 0-5 |1.20-1.50| 20-20 |0.03-0.04| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 |0.17 |0.1 | | | | | | | | | 376D: | | | | | | | | |  Colton--------------| 0-6 | 1-5 |1.10-1.40| 6-20 |0.03-0.07| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-6.0 |0.15 |0.1 | 6-20 | 0-5 |1.25-1.55| 6-20 |0.02-0.05| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 |0.15 |0.1 | 20-72 | 0-3 |1.45-1.65| 20-101 |0.01-0.02| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.10 |0.1 | | | | | | | | |  Duxbury-------------| 0-7 | 5-27 |1.20-1.35| 2-6 |0.22-0.24| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-8.0 |0.37 |0.3 | 7-14 | 5-27 |0.80-1.20| 2-6 |0.16-0.24| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-5.0 |0.49 |0.4 | 14-24 | 5-27 |1.00-1.40| 2-6 |0.16-0.22| 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-2.0 |0.28 |0.2 | 24-72 | 0-2 |1.40-1.70| 6-20 |0.01-0.06| 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-1.0 |0.17 |0.2 | | | | | | | | | 
Table 16.--Physical Properties of the Soils--Continued _____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | |Erosion f Map symbol | Depth | Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Linear | Organic |__________ and soil name | | | bulk | bility | water |extensi- | matter | |  | | | density | (Ksat) |capacity | bility | | Kw | Kf _____________________|_______|______|_________|_____________|_________|_________|_________|_____|____ | In | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | Pct | Pct | |  | | | | | | | | | 376D: | | | | | | | | |  Adams---------------| 0-7 | 0-5 |1.00-1.30| 6-20 |0.03-0.06| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-5.0 |0.17 |0.1 | 7-8 | 0-5 |1.00-1.30| 6-20 |0.08-0.16| 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-3.0 |0.17 |0.1 | 8-20 | 0-5 |1.10-1.45| 6-20 |0.03-0.10| 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-3.0 |0.17 |0.1 | 20-72 | 0-5 |1.20-1.50| 20-20 |0.03-0.04| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 |0.17 |0.1 | | | | | | | | | 380B: | | | | | | | | |  Colton--------------| 0-6 | 1-5 |1.10-1.40| 6-20 |0.03-0.07| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-6.0 |0.15 |0.1 | 6-20 | 0-5 |1.25-1.55| 6-20 |0.02-0.05| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 |0.15 |0.1 | 20-72 | 0-3 |1.45-1.65| 20-101 |0.01-0.02| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.10 |0.1 | | | | | | | | |  Duxbury-------------| 0-7 | 5-27 |1.20-1.35| 2-6 |0.22-0.24| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-8.0 |0.37 |0.3 | 7-14 | 5-27 |0.80-1.20| 2-6 |0.16-0.24| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-5.0 |0.49 |0.4 | 14-24 | 5-27 |1.00-1.40| 2-6 |0.16-0.22| 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-2.0 |0.28 |0.2 | 24-72 | 0-2 |1.40-1.70| 6-20 |0.01-0.06| 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-1.0 |0.17 |0.2 | | | | | | | | |  Dawson--------------| 0-5 | 0-0 |0.20-0.35| 0.6-6 |0.45-0.55| --- | 65-85 | --- | -- | 5-30 | 0-0 |0.15-0.40| 0.2-6 |0.35-0.45| --- | 65-85 | --- | -- | 30-72 | 0-10 |1.55-1.75| 6-20 |0.03-0.10| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 |0.10 |0.1 | | | | | | | | | 380D: | | | | | | | | |  Colton--------------| 0-6 | 1-5 |1.10-1.40| 6-20 |0.03-0.07| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-6.0 |0.15 |0.1 | 6-20 | 0-5 |1.25-1.55| 6-20 |0.02-0.05| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 |0.15 |0.1 | 20-72 | 0-3 |1.45-1.65| 20-101 |0.01-0.02| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.10 |0.1 | | | | | | | | |  Duxbury-------------| 0-7 | 5-27 |1.20-1.35| 2-6 |0.22-0.24| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-8.0 |0.37 |0.3 | 7-14 | 5-27 |0.80-1.20| 2-6 |0.16-0.24| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-5.0 |0.49 |0.4 | 14-24 | 5-27 |1.00-1.40| 2-6 |0.16-0.22| 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-2.0 |0.28 |0.2 | 24-72 | 0-2 |1.40-1.70| 6-20 |0.01-0.06| 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-1.0 |0.17 |0.2 | | | | | | | | |  Dawson--------------| 0-5 | 0-0 |0.20-0.35| 0.6-6 |0.45-0.55| --- | 65-85 | --- | -- | 5-30 | 0-0 |0.15-0.40| 0.2-6 |0.35-0.45| --- | 65-85 | --- | -- | 30-72 | 0-10 |1.55-1.75| 6-20 |0.03-0.10| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 |0.10 |0.1 | | | | | | | | | 643C: | | | | | | | | |  Berkshire, very | | | | | | | | |  bouldery-----------| 0-7 | 2-27 |1.10-1.15| 0.6-6 |0.06-0.22| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-6.0 |0.20 |0.3 | 7-30 | 2-22 |1.15-1.30| 0.6-6 |0.10-0.20| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-1.0 |0.32 |0.5 | 30-72 | 2-20 |1.30-1.60| 0.6-6 |0.10-0.18| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.0 |0.24 |0.4 | | | | | | | | | 643D: | | | | | | | | |  Berkshire, very | | | | | | | | |  bouldery-----------| 0-7 | 2-27 |1.10-1.15| 0.6-6 |0.06-0.22| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-6.0 |0.20 |0.3 | 7-30 | 2-22 |1.15-1.30| 0.6-6 |0.10-0.20| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-1.0 |0.32 |0.5 | 30-72 | 2-20 |1.30-1.60| 0.6-6 |0.10-0.18| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.0 |0.24 |0.4 | | | | | | | | | 
Table 16.--Physical Properties of the Soils--Continued _____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | |Erosion fa Map symbol | Depth | Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Linear | Organic |__________ and soil name | | | bulk | bility | water |extensi- | matter | |  | | | density | (Ksat) |capacity | bility | | Kw | Kf _____________________|_______|______|_________|_____________|_________|_________|_________|_____|____ | In | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | Pct | Pct | |  | | | | | | | | | 644C: | | | | | | | | |  Berkshire, rolling, | | | | | | | | |  very bouldery------| 0-7 | 2-27 |1.10-1.15| 0.6-6 |0.06-0.22| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-6.0 |0.20 |0.32  | 7-30 | 2-22 |1.15-1.30| 0.6-6 |0.10-0.20| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-1.0 |0.32 |0.55  | 30-72 | 2-20 |1.30-1.60| 0.6-6 |0.10-0.18| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.0 |0.24 |0.43  | | | | | | | | |  Lyme, very bouldery-| 0-3 | 2-18 |1.35-1.60| 0.6-6 |0.05-0.20| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-10 |0.32 |0.28  | 3-16 | 2-18 |1.45-1.70| 0.6-6 |0.04-0.16| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.24 |0.28  | 16-72 | 2-18 |1.45-1.70| 0.6-6 |0.04-0.16| 0.0-2.9 | --- | --- | ---  | | | | | | | | | 644D: | | | | | | | | |  Berkshire, hilly, | | | | | | | | |  very bouldery------| 0-7 | 2-27 |1.10-1.15| 0.6-6 |0.06-0.22| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-6.0 |0.20 |0.32  | 7-30 | 2-22 |1.15-1.30| 0.6-6 |0.10-0.20| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-1.0 |0.32 |0.55  | 30-72 | 2-20 |1.30-1.60| 0.6-6 |0.10-0.18| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.0 |0.24 |0.43  | | | | | | | | |  Lyme, very bouldery-| 0-3 | 2-18 |1.35-1.60| 0.6-6 |0.05-0.20| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-10 |0.32 |0.28  | 3-16 | 2-18 |1.45-1.70| 0.6-6 |0.04-0.16| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.24 |0.28  | 16-72 | 2-18 |1.45-1.70| 0.6-6 |0.04-0.16| 0.0-2.9 | --- | --- | ---  | | | | | | | | | 709B: | | | | | | | | |  Adirondack, very | | | | | | | | |  bouldery-----------| 0-2 | --- |0.10-0.35| 0.2-6 |0.20-0.50| --- | 35-80 | --- | ---  | 2-3 | --- |0.10-0.40| 0.2-6 |0.50-0.65| --- | 35-80 | --- | ---  | 3-8 | 2-20 |1.00-1.30| 0.6-2 |0.15-0.21| 0.0-2.9 | 4.0-18 |0.43 |0.49  | 8-22 | 2-18 |1.20-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.14-0.20| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-1.0 |0.28 |0.37  | 22-72 | 2-16 |1.70-2.00| 0.06-0.2 |0.04-0.10| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-1.0 |0.24 |0.32  | | | | | | | | |  Tughill, very | | | | | | | | |  bouldery-----------| 0-4 | --- |0.10-0.40| 0.6-6 |0.50-0.65| --- | 35-80 | --- | ---  | 4-8 | 2-18 |1.10-1.40| 0.6-2 |0.08-0.13| 0.0-2.9 | 5.0-20 |0.20 |0.28  | 8-40 | 2-18 |1.20-1.50| 0.2-0.6 |0.06-0.08| 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-3.0 |0.20 |0.28  | 40-72 | 2-18 |1.70-1.95| 0.06-0.2 |0.05-0.07| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-2.0 |0.20 |0.28  | | | | | | | | |  Lyme, very bouldery-| 0-3 | 2-18 |1.35-1.60| 0.6-6 |0.05-0.20| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-10 |0.32 |0.28  | 3-16 | 2-18 |1.45-1.70| 0.6-6 |0.04-0.16| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.24 |0.28  | 16-72 | 2-18 |1.45-1.70| 0.6-6 |0.04-0.16| 0.0-2.9 | --- | --- | ---  | | | | | | | | | 741C: | | | | | | | | |  Potsdam, very | | | | | | | | |  bouldery-----------| 0-3 | --- |0.10-0.35| 0.2-6 |0.20-0.50| --- | 35-80 | --- | ---  | 3-6 | --- |0.10-0.40| 0.2-6 |0.50-0.65| --- | 35-80 | --- | ---  | 6-9 | 7-22 |1.10-1.40| 0.6-2 |0.15-0.21| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-8.0 |0.49 |0.49  | 9-22 | 7-22 |1.20-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.14-0.20| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.64 |0.64  | 22-34 | 3-20 |1.30-1.60| 0.6-2 |0.08-0.15| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.28 |0.32  | 34-72 | 3-20 |1.70-2.00| 0.06-0.2 |0.04-0.10| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.28 |0.32  | | | | | | | | | 
Table 16.--Physical Properties of the Soils--Continued ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | |Erosion fac Map symbol | Depth | Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Linear | Organic |___________ and soil name | | | bulk | bility | water |extensi- | matter | |  | | | density | (Ksat) |capacity | bility | | Kw | Kf _____________________|_______|______|_________|_____________|_________|_________|_________|_____|_____ | In | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | Pct | Pct | |  | | | | | | | | | 741C: | | | | | | | | |  Tunbridge, very | | | | | | | | |  bouldery-----------| 0-3 | 2-22 |0.80-1.20| 0.6-6 |0.11-0.20| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-8.0 |0.20 |0.24  | 3-19 | 2-22 |1.20-1.40| 0.6-6 |0.10-0.21| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-6.0 |0.20 |0.28  | 19-30 | 2-22 |1.20-1.50| 0.6-6 |0.09-0.15| 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-1.0 |0.20 |0.24  | 30-39 | --- | --- | 0.00-0.0015 | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---  | | | | | | | | |  Crary, very | | | | | | | | |  bouldery-----------| 0-8 | 7-22 |1.10-1.40| 0.6-2 |0.13-0.21| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-8.0 |0.49 |0.49  | 8-24 | 7-22 |1.20-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.11-0.20| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-1.0 |0.64 |0.64  | 24-36 | 3-20 |1.65-1.95| 0.06-0.2 |0.02-0.04| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 |0.24 |0.28  | 36-72 | 3-20 |1.65-1.95| 0.06-0.2 |0.02-0.04| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.2 |0.24 |0.28  | | | | | | | | | 741D: | | | | | | | | |  Potsdam, very | | | | | | | | |  bouldery-----------| 0-3 | --- |0.10-0.35| 0.2-6 |0.20-0.50| --- | 35-80 | --- | ---  | 3-6 | --- |0.10-0.40| 0.2-6 |0.50-0.65| --- | 35-80 | --- | ---  | 6-9 | 7-22 |1.10-1.40| 0.6-2 |0.15-0.21| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-8.0 |0.49 |0.49  | 9-22 | 7-22 |1.20-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.14-0.20| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.64 |0.64  | 22-34 | 3-20 |1.30-1.60| 0.6-2 |0.08-0.15| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.28 |0.32  | 34-72 | 3-20 |1.70-2.00| 0.06-0.2 |0.04-0.10| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.28 |0.32  | | | | | | | | |  Tunbridge, very | | | | | | | | |  bouldery-----------| 0-3 | 2-22 |0.80-1.20| 0.6-6 |0.11-0.20| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-8.0 |0.20 |0.24  | 3-19 | 2-22 |1.20-1.40| 0.6-6 |0.10-0.21| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-6.0 |0.20 |0.28  | 19-30 | 2-22 |1.20-1.50| 0.6-6 |0.09-0.15| 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-1.0 |0.20 |0.24  | 30-39 | --- | --- | 0.00-0.0015 | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---  | | | | | | | | | 743C: | | | | | | | | |  Potsdam, very | | | | | | | | |  bouldery-----------| 0-3 | --- |0.10-0.35| 0.2-6 |0.20-0.50| --- | 35-80 | --- | ---  | 3-6 | --- |0.10-0.40| 0.2-6 |0.50-0.65| --- | 35-80 | --- | ---  | 6-9 | 7-22 |1.10-1.40| 0.6-2 |0.15-0.21| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-8.0 |0.49 |0.49  | 9-22 | 7-22 |1.20-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.14-0.20| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.64 |0.64  | 22-34 | 3-20 |1.30-1.60| 0.6-2 |0.08-0.15| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.28 |0.32  | 34-72 | 3-20 |1.70-2.00| 0.06-0.2 |0.04-0.10| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.28 |0.32  | | | | | | | | | 743D: | | | | | | | | |  Potsdam, very | | | | | | | | |  bouldery-----------| 0-3 | --- |0.10-0.35| 0.2-6 |0.20-0.50| --- | 35-80 | --- | ---  | 3-6 | --- |0.10-0.40| 0.2-6 |0.50-0.65| --- | 35-80 | --- | ---  | 6-9 | 7-22 |1.10-1.40| 0.6-2 |0.15-0.21| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-8.0 |0.49 |0.49  | 9-22 | 7-22 |1.20-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.14-0.20| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.64 |0.64  | 22-34 | 3-20 |1.30-1.60| 0.6-2 |0.08-0.15| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.28 |0.32  | 34-72 | 3-20 |1.70-2.00| 0.06-0.2 |0.04-0.10| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.28 |0.32  | | | | | | | | | 
Table 16.--Physical Properties of the Soils--Continued _____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | |Erosion fa Map symbol | Depth | Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Linear | Organic |__________ and soil name | | | bulk | bility | water |extensi- | matter | |  | | | density | (Ksat) |capacity | bility | | Kw | Kf _____________________|_______|______|_________|_____________|_________|_________|_________|_____|____ | In | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | Pct | Pct | |  | | | | | | | | | 745C: | | | | | | | | |  Crary, very | | | | | | | | |  bouldery-----------| 0-8 | 7-22 |1.10-1.40| 0.6-2 |0.13-0.21| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-8.0 |0.49 |0.49  | 8-24 | 7-22 |1.20-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.11-0.20| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-1.0 |0.64 |0.64  | 24-36 | 3-20 |1.65-1.95| 0.06-0.2 |0.02-0.04| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 |0.24 |0.28  | 36-72 | 3-20 |1.65-1.95| 0.06-0.2 |0.02-0.04| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.2 |0.24 |0.28  | | | | | | | | |  Potsdam, very | | | | | | | | |  bouldery-----------| 0-3 | --- |0.10-0.35| 0.2-6 |0.20-0.50| --- | 35-80 | --- | ---  | 3-6 | --- |0.10-0.40| 0.2-6 |0.50-0.65| --- | 35-80 | --- | ---  | 6-9 | 7-22 |1.10-1.40| 0.6-2 |0.15-0.21| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-8.0 |0.49 |0.49  | 9-22 | 7-22 |1.20-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.14-0.20| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.64 |0.64  | 22-34 | 3-20 |1.30-1.60| 0.6-2 |0.08-0.15| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.28 |0.32  | 34-72 | 3-20 |1.70-2.00| 0.06-0.2 |0.04-0.10| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.28 |0.32  | | | | | | | | | 747B: | | | | | | | | |  Crary, very | | | | | | | | |  bouldery-----------| 0-8 | 7-22 |1.10-1.40| 0.6-2 |0.13-0.21| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-8.0 |0.49 |0.49  | 8-24 | 7-22 |1.20-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.11-0.20| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-1.0 |0.64 |0.64  | 24-36 | 3-20 |1.65-1.95| 0.06-0.2 |0.02-0.04| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 |0.24 |0.28  | 36-72 | 3-20 |1.65-1.95| 0.06-0.2 |0.02-0.04| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.2 |0.24 |0.28  | | | | | | | | |  Adirondack, very | | | | | | | | |  bouldery-----------| 0-2 | --- |0.10-0.35| 0.2-6 |0.20-0.50| --- | 35-80 | --- | ---  | 2-3 | --- |0.10-0.40| 0.2-6 |0.50-0.65| --- | 35-80 | --- | ---  | 3-8 | 2-20 |1.00-1.30| 0.6-2 |0.15-0.21| 0.0-2.9 | 4.0-18 |0.43 |0.49  | 8-22 | 2-18 |1.20-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.14-0.20| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-1.0 |0.28 |0.37  | 22-72 | 2-16 |1.70-2.00| 0.06-0.2 |0.04-0.10| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-1.0 |0.24 |0.32  | | | | | | | | | 807: | | | | | | | | |  Udorthents, mine | | | | | | | | |  waste--------------| 0-4 | 4-27 |1.20-1.80|0.0015-20 |0.06-0.15| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-5.0 |0.37 |0.37  | 4-72 | 4-35 |1.30-1.90|0.0015-20 |0.04-0.13| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.32 |0.37  | | | | | | | | | 831C: | | | | | | | | |  Tunbridge, very | | | | | | | | |  bouldery-----------| 0-3 | 2-22 |0.80-1.20| 0.6-6 |0.11-0.20| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-8.0 |0.20 |0.24  | 3-19 | 2-22 |1.20-1.40| 0.6-6 |0.10-0.21| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-6.0 |0.20 |0.28  | 19-30 | 2-22 |1.20-1.50| 0.6-6 |0.09-0.15| 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-1.0 |0.20 |0.24  | 30-39 | --- | --- | 0.00-0.0015| --- | --- | --- | --- | ---  Lyman, very | | | | | | | | |  bouldery-----------| 0-4 | 2-20 |0.75-1.20| 2-6 |0.13-0.24| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-8.0 |0.20 |0.28  | 4-14 | 2-20 |0.90-1.40| 2-6 |0.08-0.28| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.32 |0.37  | 14-24 | --- | --- | 0.00-0.0015| --- | --- | --- | --- | ---  | | | | | | | | | 
Table 16.--Physical Properties of the Soils--Continued _____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | |Erosion f Map symbol | Depth | Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Linear | Organic |__________ and soil name | | | bulk | bility | water |extensi- | matter | |  | | | density | (Ksat) |capacity | bility | | Kw | Kf _____________________|_______|______|_________|_____________|_________|_________|_________|_____|____ | In | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | Pct | Pct | |  | | | | | | | | | 831D: | | | | | | | | |  Tunbridge, very | | | | | | | | |  bouldery-----------| 0-3 | 2-22 |0.80-1.20| 0.6-6 |0.11-0.20| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-8.0 |0.20 |0.2 | 3-19 | 2-22 |1.20-1.40| 0.6-6 |0.10-0.21| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-6.0 |0.20 |0.2 | 19-30 | 2-22 |1.20-1.50| 0.6-6 |0.09-0.15| 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-1.0 |0.20 |0.2 | 30-39 | --- | --- | 0.00-0.0015 | --- | --- | --- | --- | -- | | | | | | | | |  Lyman, very | | | | | | | | |  bouldery-----------| 0-4 | 2-20 |0.75-1.20| 2-6 |0.13-0.24| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-8.0 |0.20 |0.2 | 4-14 | 2-20 |0.90-1.40| 2-6 |0.08-0.28| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.32 |0.3 | 14-24 | --- | --- | 0.00-0.0015 | --- | --- | --- | --- | -- | | | | | | | | | 831F: | | | | | | | | |  Tunbridge, very | | | | | | | | |  bouldery-----------| 0-3 | 2-22 |0.80-1.20| 0.6-6 |0.11-0.20| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-8.0 |0.20 |0.2 | 3-19 | 2-22 |1.20-1.40| 0.6-6 |0.10-0.21| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-6.0 |0.20 |0.2 | 19-30 | 2-22 |1.20-1.50| 0.6-6 |0.09-0.15| 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-1.0 |0.20 |0.2 | 30-39 | --- | --- | 0.00-0.0015 | --- | --- | --- | --- | -- | | | | | | | | |  Lyman, very | | | | | | | | |  bouldery-----------| 0-4 | 2-20 |0.75-1.20| 2-6 |0.13-0.24| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-8.0 |0.20 |0.2 | 4-14 | 2-20 |0.90-1.40| 2-6 |0.08-0.28| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.32 |0.3 | 14-24 | --- | --- | 0.00-0.0015 | --- | --- | --- | --- | -- | | | | | | | | | 833C: | | | | | | | | |  Tunbridge, very | | | | | | | | |  bouldery-----------| 0-3 | 2-22 |0.80-1.20| 0.6-6 |0.11-0.20| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-8.0 |0.20 |0.2 | 3-19 | 2-22 |1.20-1.40| 0.6-6 |0.10-0.21| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-6.0 |0.20 |0.2 | 19-30 | 2-22 |1.20-1.50| 0.6-6 |0.09-0.15| 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-1.0 |0.20 |0.2 | 30-39 | --- | --- | 0.00-0.0015 | --- | --- | --- | --- | -- | | | | | | | | |  Adirondack, very | | | | | | | | |  bouldery-----------| 0-2 | --- |0.10-0.35| 0.2-6 |0.20-0.50| --- | 35-80 | --- | -- | 2-3 | --- |0.10-0.40| 0.2-6 |0.50-0.65| --- | 35-80 | --- | -- | 3-8 | 2-20 |1.00-1.30| 0.6-2 |0.15-0.21| 0.0-2.9 | 4.0-18 |0.43 |0.4 | 8-22 | 2-18 |1.20-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.14-0.20| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-1.0 |0.28 |0.3 | 22-72 | 2-16 |1.70-2.00| 0.06-0.2 |0.04-0.10| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-1.0 |0.24 |0.3 | | | | | | | | |  Lyman, very | | | | | | | | |  bouldery-----------| 0-4 | 2-20 |0.75-1.20| 2-6 |0.13-0.24| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-8.0 |0.20 |0.2 | 4-14 | 2-20 |0.90-1.40| 2-6 |0.08-0.28| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.32 |0.3 | 14-24 | --- | --- | 0.00-0.0015 | --- | --- | --- | --- | -- | | | | | | | | | 
Table 16.--Physical Properties of the Soils--Continued _____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | |Erosion f Map symbol | Depth | Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Linear | Organic |__________ and soil name | | | bulk | bility | water |extensi- | matter | |  | | | density | (Ksat) |capacity | bility | | Kw | Kf _____________________|_______|______|_________|_____________|_________|_________|_________|_____|____ | In | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | Pct | Pct | |  | | | | | | | | | 835C: | | | | | | | | |  Tunbridge, very | | | | | | | | |  bouldery-----------| 0-3 | 2-22 |0.80-1.20| 0.6-6 |0.11-0.20| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-8.0 |0.20 |0.2 | 3-19 | 2-22 |1.20-1.40| 0.6-6 |0.10-0.21| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-6.0 |0.20 |0.2 | 19-30 | 2-22 |1.20-1.50| 0.6-6 |0.09-0.15| 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-1.0 |0.20 |0.2 | 30-39 | --- | --- | 0.00-0.0015 | --- | --- | --- | --- | -- | | | | | | | | |  Borosaprists--------| 0-30 | 0-0 |0.10-0.40| 0.2-6 |0.35-0.60| 0.0-2.9 | 50-100 | --- | -- | 30-72 | 3-27 |1.55-1.95| 0.2-20 |0.11-0.18| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 |0.28 |0.3 | | | | | | | | |  Ricker, very | | | | | | | | |  bouldery-----------| 0-1 | --- |0.10-0.35| 2-6 |0.20-0.50| 0.0-2.9 | 35-80 | --- | -- | 1-3 | --- |0.10-0.40| 2-6 |0.45-0.65| 0.0-2.9 | 35-80 | --- | -- | 3-4 | 1-18 |1.35-1.80| 0.6-6 |0.06-0.18| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.49 |0.5 | 4-14 | --- | --- | 0.00-0.0015 | --- | --- | --- | --- | -- | | | | | | | | | 861C: | | | | | | | | |  Lyman---------------| 0-4 | 2-20 |0.75-1.20| 2-6 |0.13-0.24| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-8.0 |0.20 |0.2 | 4-14 | 2-20 |0.90-1.40| 2-6 |0.08-0.28| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.32 |0.3 | 14-24 | --- | --- | 0.00-0.0015 | --- | --- | --- | --- | -- | | | | | | | | |  Ricker, very | | | | | | | | |  bouldery-----------| 0-1 | --- |0.10-0.35| 2-6 |0.20-0.50| 0.0-2.9 | 35-80 | --- | -- | 1-3 | --- |0.10-0.40| 2-6 |0.45-0.65| 0.0-2.9 | 35-80 | --- | -- | 3-4 | 1-18 |1.35-1.80| 0.6-6 |0.06-0.18| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.49 |0.5 | 4-14 | --- | --- | 0.00-0.0015 | --- | --- | --- | --- | -- | | | | | | | | |  Rock outcrop, very | | | | | | | | |  bouldery-----------| 0-8 | --- | --- | 0.00-0.0015 | --- | --- | --- | --- | -- | | | | | | | | | 861D: | | | | | | | | |  Lyman, very | | | | | | | | |  bouldery-----------| 0-4 | 2-20 |0.75-1.20| 2-6 |0.13-0.24| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-8.0 |0.20 |0.2 | 4-14 | 2-20 |0.90-1.40| 2-6 |0.08-0.28| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.32 |0.3 | 14-24 | --- | --- | 0.00-0.0015 | --- | --- | --- | --- | -- | | | | | | | | |  Ricker, very | | | | | | | | |  bouldery-----------| 0-1 | --- |0.10-0.35| 2-6 |0.20-0.50| 0.0-2.9 | 35-80 | --- | -- | 1-3 | --- |0.10-0.40| 2-6 |0.45-0.65| 0.0-2.9 | 35-80 | --- | -- | 3-4 | 1-18 |1.35-1.80| 0.6-6 |0.06-0.18| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.49 |0.5 | 4-14 | --- | --- | 0.00-0.0015 | --- | --- | --- | --- | -- | | | | | | | | |  Rock outcrop--------| 0-8 | --- | --- | 0.00-0.0015 | --- | --- | --- | --- | -- | | | | | | | | | 
Table 16.--Physical Properties of the Soils--Continued _____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | |Erosion f Map symbol | Depth | Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Linear | Organic |__________ and soil name | | | bulk | bility | water |extensi- | matter | |  | | | density | (Ksat) |capacity | bility | | Kw | Kf _____________________|_______|______|_________|_____________|_________|_________|_________|_____|____ | In | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | Pct | Pct | |  | | | | | | | | | 861F: | | | | | | | | |  Lyman, very | | | | | | | | |  bouldery-----------| 0-4 | 2-20 |0.75-1.20| 2-6 |0.13-0.24| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-8.0 |0.20 |0.2 | 4-14 | 2-20 |0.90-1.40| 2-6 |0.08-0.28| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.32 |0.3 | 14-24 | --- | --- | 0.00-0.0015 | --- | --- | --- | --- | -- | | | | | | | | |  Ricker, very | | | | | | | | |  bouldery-----------| 0-1 | --- |0.10-0.35| 2-6 |0.20-0.50| 0.0-2.9 | 35-80 | --- | -- | 1-3 | --- |0.10-0.40| 2-6 |0.45-0.65| 0.0-2.9 | 35-80 | --- | -- | 3-4 | 1-18 |1.35-1.80| 0.6-6 |0.06-0.18| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.49 |0.5 | 4-14 | --- | --- | 0.00-0.0015 | --- | --- | --- | --- | -- | | | | | | | | |  Rock outcrop--------| 0-8 | --- | --- | 0.00-0.0015 | --- | --- | --- | --- | -- | | | | | | | | | 891F: | | | | | | | | |  Rock outcrop--------| 0-8 | --- | --- | 0.00-0.0015 | --- | --- | --- | --- | -- | | | | | | | | |  Ricker, very | | | | | | | | |  bouldery-----------| 0-1 | --- |0.10-0.35| 2-6 |0.20-0.50| 0.0-2.9 | 35-80 | --- | -- | 1-3 | --- |0.10-0.40| 2-6 |0.45-0.65| 0.0-2.9 | 35-80 | --- | -- | 3-4 | 1-18 |1.35-1.80| 0.6-6 |0.06-0.18| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.49 |0.5 | 4-14 | --- | --- | 0.00-0.0015 | --- | --- | --- | --- | -- | | | | | | | | |  Lyman, very | | | | | | | | |  bouldery-----------| 0-4 | 2-20 |0.75-1.20| 2-6 |0.13-0.24| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-8.0 |0.20 |0.2 | 4-14 | 2-20 |0.90-1.40| 2-6 |0.08-0.28| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.32 |0.3 | 14-24 | --- | --- | 0.00-0.0015 | --- | --- | --- | --- | -- | | | | | | | | | AaB: | | | | | | | | |  Adams, sand---------| 0-7 | 0-5 |1.00-1.30| 6-20 |0.03-0.06| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-5.0 |0.17 |0.1 | 7-8 | 0-5 |1.00-1.30| 6-20 |0.08-0.16| 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-3.0 |0.17 |0.1 | 8-20 | 0-5 |1.10-1.45| 6-20 |0.03-0.10| 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-3.0 |0.17 |0.1 | 20-72 | 0-5 |1.20-1.50| 20-101 |0.03-0.04| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 |0.17 |0.1 | | | | | | | | | AaC: | | | | | | | | |  Adams, sand---------| 0-7 | 0-5 |1.00-1.30| 6-20 |0.03-0.06| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-5.0 |0.17 |0.1 | 7-8 | 0-5 |1.00-1.30| 6-20 |0.08-0.16| 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-3.0 |0.17 |0.1 | 8-20 | 0-5 |1.10-1.45| 6-20 |0.03-0.10| 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-3.0 |0.17 |0.1 | 20-72 | 0-5 |1.20-1.50| 20-101 |0.03-0.04| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 |0.17 |0.1AaD: | | | | | | | | |  Adams, sand---------| 0-7 | 0-5 |1.00-1.30| 6-20 |0.03-0.06| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-5.0 |0.17 |0.1 | 7-8 | 0-5 |1.00-1.30| 6-20 |0.08-0.16| 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-3.0 |0.17 |0.1 | 8-20 | 0-5 |1.10-1.45| 6-20 |0.03-0.10| 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-3.0 |0.17 |0.1 | 20-72 | 0-5 |1.20-1.50| 20-101 |0.03-0.04| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 |0.17 |0.1 | | | | | | | | | 
Table 16.--Physical Properties of the Soils--Continued _____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | |Erosion f Map symbol | Depth | Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Linear | Organic |__________ and soil name | | | bulk | bility | water |extensi- | matter | |  | | | density | (Ksat) |capacity | bility | | Kw | Kf _____________________|_______|______|_________|_____________|_________|_________|_________|_____|____ | In | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | Pct | Pct | |  | | | | | | | | | AdB: | | | | | | | | |  Adams, loamy fine | | | | | | | | |  sand---------------| 0-7 | 0-5 |1.00-1.30| 6-20 |0.03-0.06| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-5.0 |0.17 |0.1 | 7-8 | 0-5 |1.00-1.30| 6-20 |0.08-0.16| 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-3.0 |0.17 |0.1 | 8-20 | 0-5 |1.10-1.45| 6-20 |0.03-0.10| 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-3.0 |0.17 |0.1 | 20-72 | 0-5 |1.20-1.50| 20-101 |0.03-0.04| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 |0.17 |0.1 | | | | | | | | | AdC: | | | | | | | | |  Adams, loamy fine | | | | | | | | |  sand---------------| 0-7 | 0-5 |1.00-1.30| 6-20 |0.03-0.06| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-5.0 |0.17 |0.1 | 7-8 | 0-5 |1.00-1.30| 6-20 |0.08-0.16| 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-3.0 |0.17 |0.1 | 8-20 | 0-5 |1.10-1.45| 6-20 |0.03-0.10| 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-3.0 |0.17 |0.1 | 20-72 | 0-5 |1.20-1.50| 20-101 |0.03-0.04| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 |0.17 |0.1 | | | | | | | | | Ak: | | | | | | | | |  Adjidaumo, silty | | | | | | | | |  clay---------------| 0-8 |40-55 |1.00-1.25| 0.2-0.6 |0.14-0.18| 3.0-5.9 | 4.0-12 |0.37 |0.3 | 8-27 |35-60 |1.20-1.40| 0.06-0.2 |0.12-0.14| 3.0-5.9 | 1.0-4.0 |0.28 |0.2 | 27-72 |35-60 |1.20-1.40| 0.0015-0.2 |0.12-0.14| 3.0-5.9 | 0.5-2.0 |0.28 |0.2 | | | | | | | | | Am: | | | | | | | | |  Adjidaumo, mucky | | | | | | | | |  silty clay---------| 0-8 |40-55 |1.00-1.25| 0.2-0.6 |0.14-0.18| 3.0-5.9 | 6.0-15 |0.37 |0.3 | 8-27 |35-60 |1.20-1.40| 0.06-0.2 |0.12-0.14| 3.0-5.9 | 1.0-4.0 |0.28 |0.2 | 27-72 |35-60 |1.20-1.40|0.0015-0.2 |0.12-0.14| 3.0-5.9 | 0.5-2.0 |0.28 |0.2 | | | | | | | | | Ao: | | | | | | | | |  Adjidaumo, flooded--| 0-8 |40-55 |1.00-1.25| 0.2-0.6 |0.14-0.18| 3.0-5.9 | 4.0-12 |0.37 |0.3 | 8-27 |35-60 |1.20-1.40| 0.06-0.2 |0.12-0.14| 3.0-5.9 | 1.0-4.0 |0.28 |0.2 | 27-72 |35-60 |1.20-1.40|0.0015-0.2 |0.12-0.14| 3.0-5.9 | 0.5-2.0 |0.28 |0.2 | | | | | | | | | Ap: | | | | | | | | |  Adjidaumo, silty | | | | | | | | |  clay, rocky--------| 0-8 |40-55 |1.00-1.25| 0.2-0.6 |0.14-0.18| 3.0-5.9 | 4.0-12 |0.37 |0.3 | 8-27 |35-60 |1.20-1.40| 0.06-0.2 |0.12-0.14| 3.0-5.9 | 1.0-4.0 |0.28 |0.2 | 27-72 |35-60 |1.20-1.40|0.0015-0.2 |0.12-0.14| 3.0-5.9 | 0.5-2.0 |0.28 |0.2 | | | | | | | | | ArC: | | | | | | | | |  Adjidaumo-----------| 0-8 |40-55 |1.00-1.25| 0.2-0.6 |0.14-0.18| 3.0-5.9 | 4.0-12 |0.37 |0.3 | 8-27 |35-60 |1.20-1.40| 0.06-0.2 |0.12-0.14| 3.0-5.9 | 1.0-4.0 |0.28 |0.2 | 27-72 |35-60 |1.20-1.40|0.0015-0.2 |0.12-0.14| 3.0-5.9 | 0.5-2.0 |0.28 |0.2 | | | | | | | | |  Summerville---------| 0-6 | 4-20 |1.30-1.60| 2-6 |0.08-0.18| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-6.0 |0.24 |0.2 | 6-12 | 4-25 |1.35-1.65| 0.6-2 |0.10-0.16| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 |0.24 |0.2 | 12-22 | --- | --- | 0.00-20 | --- | --- | --- | --- | -- | | | | | | | | | 
Table 16.--Physical Properties of the Soils--Continued _____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | |Erosion f Map symbol | Depth | Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Linear | Organic |__________ and soil name | | | bulk | bility | water |extensi- | matter | |  | | | density | (Ksat) |capacity | bility | | Kw | Kf _____________________|_______|______|_________|_____________|_________|_________|_________|_____|____ | In | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | Pct | Pct | |  | | | | | | | | | BeB: | | | | | | | | |  Berkshire-----------| 0-7 | 2-27 |1.10-1.15| 0.6-6 |0.06-0.22| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-6.0 |0.20 |0.3 | 7-30 | 2-22 |1.15-1.30| 0.6-6 |0.10-0.20| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-1.0 |0.32 |0.5 | 30-72 | 1-20 |1.30-1.60| 0.6-6 |0.10-0.18| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.0 |0.24 |0.4 | | | | | | | | | BgC: | | | | | | | | |  Berkshire, very | | | | | | | | |  bouldery-----------| 0-7 | 2-27 |1.10-1.15| 0.6-6 |0.06-0.22| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-6.0 |0.20 |0.3 | 7-30 | 2-22 |1.15-1.30| 0.6-6 |0.10-0.20| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-1.0 |0.32 |0.5 | 30-72 | 1-20 |1.30-1.60| 0.6-6 |0.10-0.18| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.0 |0.24 |0.4 | | | | | | | | |  Lyme, very bouldery-| 0-3 | 2-18 |1.35-1.60| 0.6-6 |0.05-0.20| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-10 |0.32 |0.2 | 3-16 | 2-18 |1.45-1.70| 0.6-6 |0.04-0.16| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.24 |0.2 | 16-72 | 2-18 |1.45-1.70| 0.6-6 |0.04-0.16| 0.0-2.9 | --- | --- | --BkC: | | | | | | | | |  Berkshire, very | | | | | | | | |  bouldery-----------| 0-7 | 2-27 |1.10-1.15| 0.6-6 |0.06-0.22| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-6.0 |0.20 |0.3 | 7-30 | 2-22 |1.15-1.30| 0.6-6 |0.10-0.20| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-1.0 |0.32 |0.5 | 30-72 | 1-20 |1.30-1.60| 0.6-6 |0.10-0.18| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.0 |0.24 |0.4 | | | | | | | | |  Sunapee, very | | | | | | | | |  bouldery-----------| 0-1 | --- |0.10-0.40| 0.1-6 |0.20-0.50| --- | 35-80 | --- | -- | 1-4 | 2-20 |0.80-1.20| 0.6-2 |0.10-0.20| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-8.0 |0.20 |0.2 | 4-23 | 2-20 |0.80-1.30| 0.6-2 |0.07-0.17| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.20 |0.2 | 23-72 | 2-20 |1.20-1.50| 0.6-6 |0.03-0.17| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.20 |0.2 | | | | | | | | | Bo: | | | | | | | | |  Borosaprists--------| 0-30 | 0-0 |0.10-0.40| 0.2-6 |0.35-0.60| 0.0-2.9 | 50-100 | --- | -- | 30-72 | 3-35 |1.55-1.95| 0.2-20 |0.11-0.18| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 |0.28 |0.3 | | | | | | | | |  Fluvaquents---------| 0-10 | 3-35 |0.90-1.20| 0.06-20 |0.15-0.25| 0.0-2.9 | 4.0-20 |0.32 |0.3 | 10-72 | 2-35 |1.20-1.60| 0.06-20 |0.03-0.16| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-1.0 |0.28 |0.3 | | | | | | | | | Ce: | | | | | | | | |  Carbondale, | | | | | | | | |  undrained----------| 0-12 | 0-0 |0.30-0.40| 0.2-6 |0.35-0.45| --- | 50-70 | --- | -- | 12-40 | 0-0 |0.13-0.23| 0.2-6 |0.35-0.45| --- | 50-70 | --- | -- | 40-99 | 0-0 |0.10-0.17| 0.2-6 |0.45-0.55| --- | 50-70 | --- | -- | | | | | | | | | CgB: | | | | | | | | |  Colton--------------| 0-6 | 1-5 |1.10-1.40| 6-20 |0.03-0.07| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-6.0 |0.15 |0.1 | 6-20 | 0-5 |1.25-1.55| 6-20 |0.02-0.05| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 |0.15 |0.1 | 20-72 | 0-3 |1.45-1.65| 20-101 |0.01-0.02| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.10 |0.1 | | | | | | | | | 
Table 16.--Physical Properties of the Soils--Continued _____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | |Erosion f Map symbol | Depth | Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Linear | Organic |__________ and soil name | | | bulk | bility | water |extensi- | matter | |  | | | density | (Ksat) |capacity | bility | | Kw | Kf _____________________|_______|______|_________|_____________|_________|_________|_________|_____|____ | In | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | Pct | Pct | |  | | | | | | | | | CgB: | | | | | | | | |  Duxbury-------------| 0-7 | 5-27 |1.20-1.35| 2-6 |0.22-0.24| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-8.0 |0.37 |0.3 | 7-14 | 5-27 |0.80-1.20| 2-6 |0.16-0.24| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-5.0 |0.49 |0.4 | 14-24 | 5-27 |1.00-1.40| 2-6 |0.16-0.22| 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-2.0 |0.28 |0.2 | 24-72 | 0-2 |1.40-1.70| 6-20 |0.01-0.06| 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-1.0 |0.17 |0.2 | | | | | | | | | CgC: | | | | | | | | |  Colton--------------| 0-6 | 1-5 |1.10-1.40| 6-20 |0.03-0.07| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-6.0 |0.15 |0.1 | 6-20 | 0-5 |1.25-1.55| 6-20 |0.02-0.05| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 |0.15 |0.1 | 20-72 | 0-3 |1.45-1.65| 20-101 |0.01-0.02| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.10 |0.1 | | | | | | | | |  Duxbury-------------| 0-7 | 5-27 |1.20-1.35| 2-6 |0.22-0.24| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-8.0 |0.37 |0.3 | 7-14 | 5-27 |0.80-1.20| 2-6 |0.16-0.24| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-5.0 |0.49 |0.4 | 14-24 | 5-27 |1.00-1.40| 2-6 |0.16-0.22| 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-2.0 |0.28 |0.2 | 24-72 | 0-2 |1.40-1.70| 6-20 |0.01-0.06| 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-1.0 |0.17 |0.2 | | | | | | | | | CgD: | | | | | | | | |  Colton--------------| 0-6 | 1-5 |1.10-1.40| 6-20 |0.03-0.07| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-6.0 |0.15 |0.1 | 6-20 | 0-5 |1.25-1.55| 6-20 |0.02-0.05| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 |0.15 |0.1 | 20-72 | 0-3 |1.45-1.65| 20-101 |0.01-0.02| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.10 |0.1 | | | | | | | | |  Duxbury-------------| 0-7 | 5-27 |1.20-1.35| 2-6 |0.22-0.24| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-8.0 |0.37 |0.3 | 7-14 | 5-27 |0.80-1.20| 2-6 |0.16-0.24| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-5.0 |0.49 |0.4 | 14-24 | 5-27 |1.00-1.40| 2-6 |0.16-0.22| 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-2.0 |0.28 |0.2 | 24-72 | 0-2 |1.40-1.70| 6-20 |0.01-0.06| 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-1.0 |0.17 |0.2 | | | | | | | | | Ck: | | | | | | | | |  Cook----------------| 0-7 | 4-10 |1.10-1.40| 2-6 |0.11-0.13| 0.0-2.9 | 4.0-20 |0.17 |0.1 | 7-39 | 3-10 |1.25-1.55| 6-20 |0.03-0.07| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.17 |0.2 | 39-72 | 4-20 |1.70-1.80| 0.2-0.6 |0.08-0.09| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.24 |0.2 | | | | | | | | | Cn: | | | | | | | | |  Cornish-------------| 0-8 | 7-27 |0.95-1.35| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.45| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-8.0 |0.32 |0.3 | 8-21 | 7-27 |0.95-1.45| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.45| 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-2.0 |0.49 |0.4 | 21-46 | 7-27 |1.10-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.18-0.45| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-1.0 |0.49 |0.4 | 46-72 | 3-25 |1.10-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.45| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-1.0 |0.49 |0.4 | | | | | | | | | Cp: | | | | | | | | |  Coveytown-----------| 0-1 | --- |0.10-0.35| 0.1-6 |0.20-0.50| --- | 35-80 | --- | -- | 1-5 | 4-10 |1.10-1.40| 2-20 |0.04-0.08| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-8.0 |0.20 |0.2 | 5-38 | 2-10 |1.25-1.55| 2-20 |0.02-0.07| 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-2.0 |0.17 |0.2 | 38-72 | 4-20 |1.50-1.80| 0.2-2 |0.08-0.11| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 |0.24 |0.2 | | | | | | | | | 
Table 16.--Physical Properties of the Soils--Continued _____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | |Erosion f Map symbol | Depth | Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Linear | Organic |__________ and soil name | | | bulk | bility | water |extensi- | matter | |  | | | density | (Ksat) |capacity | bility | | Kw | Kf _____________________|_______|______|_________|_____________|_________|_________|_________|_____|____ | In | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | Pct | Pct | |  | | | | | | | | | Cr: | | | | | | | | |  Coveytown, very | | | | | | | | |  stony--------------| 0-1 | --- |0.10-0.35| 0.1-6 |0.20-0.50| --- | 35-80 | --- | -- | 1-5 | 4-10 |1.10-1.40| 2-20 |0.04-0.08| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-8.0 |0.20 |0.2 | 5-38 | 2-10 |1.25-1.55| 2-20 |0.02-0.07| 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-2.0 |0.17 |0.2 | 38-72 | 4-20 |1.50-1.80| 0.2-2 |0.08-0.11| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 |0.24 |0.2 | | | | | | | | |  Cook, very stony----| 0-7 | 4-10 |1.10-1.40| 2-6 |0.11-0.13| 0.0-2.9 | 4.0-20 |0.17 |0.1 | 7-39 | 3-10 |1.25-1.55| 6-20 |0.03-0.07| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.17 |0.2 | 39-72 | 4-20 |1.70-1.80| 0.2-0.6 |0.08-0.09| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.24 |0.2 | | | | | | | | | CsB: | | | | | | | | |  Crary---------------| 0-8 | 7-22 |1.10-1.40| 0.6-2 |0.13-0.21| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-8.0 |0.49 |0.4 | 8-24 | 7-22 |1.20-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.11-0.20| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-1.0 |0.64 |0.6 | 24-36 | 3-20 |1.65-1.95| 0.06-0.2 |0.02-0.04| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 |0.24 |0.2 | 36-72 | 3-20 |1.65-1.95| 0.06-0.2 |0.02-0.04| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.2 |0.24 |0.2 | | | | | | | | | CtB: | | | | | | | | |  Crary, very | | | | | | | | |  Bouldery-----------| 0-8 | 7-22 |1.10-1.40| 0.6-2 |0.13-0.21| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-8.0 |0.49 |0.4 | 8-24 | 7-22 |1.20-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.11-0.20| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-1.0 |0.64 |0.6 | 24-36 | 3-20 |1.65-1.95| 0.06-0.2 |0.02-0.04| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 |0.24 |0.2 | 36-72 | 3-20 |1.65-1.95| 0.06-0.2 |0.02-0.04| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.2 |0.24 |0.2 | | | | | | | | |  Potsdam, very | | | | | | | | |  bouldery-----------| 0-3 | --- | --- | 0.2-6 |0.20-0.50| --- | 35-80 | --- | -- | 3-6 | --- | --- | 0.2-6 |0.50-0.65| --- | 35-80 | --- | -- | 6-9 | 7-22 |1.10-1.40| 0.6-2 |0.15-0.21| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-8.0 |0.49 |0.4 | 9-22 | 7-22 |1.20-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.14-0.20| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.64 |0.6 | 22-34 | 3-20 |1.30-1.60| 0.6-2 |0.08-0.15| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.28 |0.3 | 34-72 | 3-20 |1.70-2.00| 0.06-0.2 |0.04-0.10| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.28 |0.3 | | | | | | | | | CuB: | | | | | | | | |  Croghan, sand-------| 0-10 | 0-5 |1.10-1.50| 6-20 |0.05-0.09| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-6.0 |0.17 |0.1 | 10-44 | 0-5 |1.20-1.50| 20-101 |0.03-0.07| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.17 |0.1 | 44-72 | 0-5 |1.20-1.50| 20-101 |0.03-0.06| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.17 |0.1 | | | | | | | | | CvA: | | | | | | | | |  Croghan, loamy fine | | | | | | | | |  sand---------------| 0-10 | 0-5 |1.10-1.50| 6-20 |0.05-0.09| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-6.0 |0.17 |0.1 | 10-44 | 0-5 |1.20-1.50| 20-101 |0.03-0.07| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.17 |0.1 | 44-72 | 0-5 |1.20-1.50| 20-101 |0.03-0.06| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.17 |0.1 | | | | | | | | | 
Table 16.--Physical Properties of the Soils--Continued _____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | |Erosion f Map symbol | Depth | Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Linear | Organic |__________ and soil name | | | bulk | bility | water |extensi- | matter | |  | | | density | (Ksat) |capacity | bility | | Kw | Kf _____________________|_______|______|_________|_____________|_________|_________|_________|_____|____ | In | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | Pct | Pct | |  | | | | | | | | | CvB: | | | | | | | | |  Croghan, loamy fine | | | | | | | | |  sand---------------| 0-10 | 0-5 |1.10-1.50| 6-20 |0.05-0.09| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-6.0 |0.17 |0.1 | 10-44 | 0-5 |1.20-1.50| 20-101 |0.03-0.07| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.17 |0.1 | 44-72 | 0-5 |1.20-1.50| 20-101 |0.03-0.06| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.17 |0.1 | | | | | | | | | Da: | | | | | | | | |  Dawson--------------| 0-5 | 0-0 |0.20-0.35| 0.6-6 |0.45-0.55| --- | 65-85 | --- | -- | 5-30 | 0-0 |0.15-0.40| 0.2-6 |0.35-0.45| --- | 65-85 | --- | -- | 30-72 | 0-10 |1.55-1.75| 6-20 |0.03-0.10| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 |0.10 |0.1 | | | | | | | | | DAM: | | | | | | | | |  Large dams. | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | Dd: | | | | | | | | |  Deford, loamy fine | | | | | | | | |  sand---------------| 0-8 | 0-10 |1.35-1.40| 6-20 |0.04-0.06| 0.0-2.9 | 4.0-10 |0.15 |0.1 | 8-24 | 0-10 |1.35-1.40| 6-20 |0.04-0.06| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-1.0 |0.15 |0.1 | 24-72 | 0-12 |1.40-1.60| 6-20 |0.05-0.07| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 |0.17 |0.1 | | | | | | | | | Df: | | | | | | | | |  Deford, mucky loamy | | | | | | | | |  fine sand----------| 0-8 | 0-10 |1.35-1.40| 6-20 |0.04-0.06| 0.0-2.9 | 6.0-15 |0.15 |0.1 | 8-24 | 0-10 |1.35-1.40| 6-20 |0.04-0.06| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-1.0 |0.15 |0.1 | 24-72 | 0-12 |1.40-1.60| 6-20 |0.05-0.07| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 |0.17 |0.1 | | | | | | | | | DpA: | | | | | | | | |  Depeyster-----------| 0-10 |15-27 |1.20-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.14-0.21| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-6.0 |0.49 |0.4 | 10-27 |18-35 |1.20-1.50| 0.06-0.6 |0.16-0.20| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.49 |0.4 | 27-72 | 4-35 |1.40-1.70| 0.06-0.6 |0.12-0.20| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.64 |0.6 | | | | | | | | | DpB: | | | | | | | | |  Depeyster-----------| 0-10 |15-27 |1.20-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.14-0.21| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-6.0 |0.49 |0.4 | 10-27 |18-35 |1.20-1.50| 0.06-0.6 |0.16-0.20| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.49 |0.4 | 27-72 | 4-35 |1.40-1.70| 0.06-0.6 |0.12-0.20| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.64 |0.6 | | | | | | | | | DpC: | | | | | | | | |  Depeyster-----------| 0-10 |15-27 |1.20-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.14-0.21| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-6.0 |0.49 |0.4 | 10-27 |18-35 |1.20-1.50| 0.06-0.6 |0.16-0.20| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.49 |0.4 | 27-72 | 4-35 |1.40-1.70| 0.06-0.6 |0.12-0.20| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.64 |0.6 | | | | | | | | | Dr: | | | | | | | | |  Dorval--------------| 0-31 | 0-0 |0.13-0.42| 0.6-6 |0.20-0.25| --- | 50-95 | --- | -- | 31-72 |35-60 |1.40-1.65|0.0015-0.06 |0.10-0.20| 6.0-8.9 | 0.0-8.0 |0.28 |0.2 | | | | | | | | | 
Table 16.--Physical Properties of the Soils--Continued _____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | |Erosion f Map symbol | Depth | Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Linear | Organic |__________ and soil name | | | bulk | bility | water |extensi- | matter | |  | | | density | (Ksat) |capacity | bility | | Kw | Kf _____________________|_______|______|_________|_____________|_________|_________|_________|_____|____ | In | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | Pct | Pct | |  | | | | | | | | | Du: | | | | | | | | |  Dune land-----------| 0-6 | 0-1 |1.50-1.60| 6-101 |0.03-0.04| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.1 |0.10 |0.2 | 6-72 | 0-1 |1.50-1.60| 6-101 |0.03-0.05| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.1 |0.10 |0.2 | | | | | | | | | EeB: | | | | | | | | |  Eelweir-------------| 0-10 | 4-18 |1.00-1.25| 0.6-6 |0.13-0.19| 0.0-2.9 | 3.0-6.0 |0.24 |0.2 | 10-29 | 4-18 |1.20-1.50| 0.6-6 |0.12-0.22| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.32 |0.3 | 29-35 | 3-18 |1.20-1.50| 0.6-6 |0.11-0.22| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.32 |0.3 | 35-72 | 0-16 |1.25-1.60| 2-20 |0.05-0.11| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.17 |0.1 | | | | | | | | | EmA: | | | | | | | | |  Elmwood-------------| 0-6 | 4-20 |1.00-1.30| 2-6 |0.13-0.20| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-6.0 |0.28 |0.2 | 6-25 | 4-20 |1.15-1.45| 2-6 |0.13-0.22| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 |0.32 |0.3 | 25-72 |35-60 |1.35-1.70|0.0015-0.2 |0.12-0.18| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-0.2 |0.49 |0.4 | | | | | | | | | EmB: | | | | | | | | |  Elmwood-------------| 0-6 | 4-20 |1.00-1.30| 2-6 |0.13-0.20| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-6.0 |0.28 |0.2 | 6-25 | 4-20 |1.15-1.45| 2-6 |0.13-0.22| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 |0.32 |0.3 | 25-72 |35-60 |1.35-1.70|0.0015-0.2 |0.12-0.18| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-0.2 |0.49 |0.4Fa: | | | | | | | | |  Fahey---------------| 0-7 | 1-5 |1.10-1.40| 6-20 |0.07-0.13| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-6.0 |0.17 |0.1 | 7-31 | 0-5 |1.25-1.55| 6-20 |0.02-0.05| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.17 |0.2 | 31-72 | 0-3 |1.45-1.65| 6-20 |0.01-0.03| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.17 |0.2 | | | | | | | | | FkA: | | | | | | | | |  Flackville----------| 0-9 | 1-10 |1.10-1.50| 6-20 |0.08-0.09| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-6.0 |0.17 |0.1 | 9-29 | 0-10 |1.20-1.60| 6-20 |0.05-0.07| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-1.0 |0.17 |0.1 | 29-72 |30-50 |1.15-1.40|0.0015-0.2 |0.12-0.17| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-0.2 |0.28 |0.2 | | | | | | | | | FkB: | | | | | | | | |  Flackville----------| 0-9 | 1-10 |1.10-1.50| 6-20 |0.08-0.09| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-6.0 |0.17 |0.1 | 9-29 | 0-10 |1.20-1.60| 6-20 |0.05-0.07| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-1.0 |0.17 |0.1 | 29-72 |30-50 |1.15-1.40|0.0015-0.2 |0.12-0.17| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-0.2 |0.28 |0.2 | | | | | | | | | Fu: | | | | | | | | |  Fluvaquents, | | | | | | | | |  frequently flooded-| 0-10 | 4-35 |0.90-1.20| 0.06-20 |0.15-0.25| 0.0-2.9 | 4.0-20 |0.32 |0.3 | 10-72 | 2-35 |1.20-1.60| 0.06-20 |0.03-0.16| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-1.0 |0.28 |0.3 | | | | | | | | |  Udifluvents, | | | | | | | | |  frequently flooded-| 0-4 | 3-27 |1.10-1.50| 0.06-20 |0.04-0.17| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-6.0 |0.32 |0.3 | 4-72 | 0-27 |1.20-1.70| 0.06-20 |0.03-0.16| 0.0-2.9 | --- | --- | -- | | | | | | | | | 
Table 16.--Physical Properties of the Soils--Continued _____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | |Erosion f Map symbol | Depth | Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Linear | Organic |__________ and soil name | | | bulk | bility | water |extensi- | matter | |  | | | density | (Ksat) |capacity | bility | | Kw | Kf _____________________|_______|______|_________|_____________|_________|_________|_________|_____|____ | In | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | Pct | Pct | |  | | | | | | | | | GrB: | | | | | | | | |  Grenville-----------| 0-5 | 4-20 |1.10-1.40| 0.6-2 |0.16-0.20| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-6.0 |0.32 |0.3 | 5-37 | 4-20 |1.25-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.08-0.15| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.24 |0.2 | 37-72 | 4-20 |1.60-1.85| 0.2-0.6 |0.08-0.14| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.24 |0.2 | | | | | | | | | GrC: | | | | | | | | |  Grenville-----------| 0-5 | 7-20 |1.10-1.40| 0.6-2 |0.16-0.20| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-6.0 |0.32 |0.3 | 5-37 | 7-20 |1.25-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.08-0.15| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.24 |0.2 | 37-72 | 7-20 |1.60-1.85| 0.2-0.6 |0.08-0.14| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.24 |0.2 | | | | | | | | | GsD: | | | | | | | | |  Grenville, very | | | | | | | | |  stony--------------| 0-5 | 4-20 |1.10-1.40| 0.6-2 |0.16-0.20| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-6.0 |0.32 |0.3 | 5-37 | 4-20 |1.25-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.08-0.15| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.24 |0.2 | 37-72 | 4-20 |1.60-1.85| 0.2-0.6 |0.08-0.14| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.24 |0.2 | | | | | | | | | Gu: | | | | | | | | |  Guff----------------| 0-9 |27-40 |1.00-1.25|0.0015-0.2 |0.14-0.18| 3.0-5.9 | 4.0-10 |0.37 |0.3 | 9-39 |27-60 |1.20-1.40|0.0015-0.2 |0.12-0.14| 3.0-5.9 | --- |0.28 |0.2 | 39-49 | --- | --- | 0.00-20 | --- | --- | --- | --- | -- | | | | | | | | | HaA: | | | | | | | | |  Hailesboro----------| 0-7 |10-27 |1.20-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.22-0.25| 0.0-2.9 | 3.0-8.0 |0.49 |0.4 | 7-24 |18-35 |1.20-1.50| 0.2-0.6 |0.22-0.25| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.49 |0.4 | 24-44 |18-35 |1.20-1.50| 0.2-0.6 |0.22-0.25| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.49 |0.4 | 44-72 | 5-35 |1.20-1.50| 0.2-0.6 |0.12-0.20| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.64 |0.6HaB: | | | | | | | | |  Hailesboro----------| 0-7 |10-27 |1.20-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.22-0.25| 0.0-2.9 | 3.0-8.0 |0.49 |0.4 | 7-24 |18-35 |1.20-1.50| 0.2-0.6 |0.22-0.25| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.49 |0.4 | 24-44 |18-35 |1.20-1.50| 0.2-0.6 |0.22-0.25| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.49 |0.4 | 44-72 | 5-35 |1.20-1.50| 0.2-0.6 |0.12-0.20| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.64 |0.6 | | | | | | | | | Hc: | | | | | | | | |  Hannawa-------------| 0-8 | 4-27 |1.10-1.30| 0.6-6 |0.15-0.23| 0.0-2.9 | 5.0-10 |0.24 |0.2 | 8-19 | 4-27 |1.20-1.50| 0.6-6 |0.10-0.20| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.24 |0.2 | 19-27 | --- | --- | 0.00-20 | --- | --- | --- | --- | -- | | | | | | | | | HeB: | | | | | | | | |  Heuvelton-----------| 0-7 |27-40 |1.00-1.25| 0.2-2 |0.16-0.21| 3.0-5.9 | 3.0-6.0 |0.37 |0.3 | 7-11 |35-60 |1.15-1.40| 0.2-2 |0.13-0.17| 3.0-5.9 | --- |0.28 |0.2 | 11-22 |35-60 |1.15-1.40| 0.2-2 |0.13-0.17| 3.0-5.9 | --- |0.28 |0.2 | 22-72 |35-60 |1.15-1.65|0.0015-0.2 |0.13-0.17| 3.0-5.9 | --- |0.28 |0.2 | | | | | | | | | 
Table 16.--Physical Properties of the Soils--Continued _____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | |Erosion f Map symbol | Depth | Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Linear | Organic |__________ and soil name | | | bulk | bility | water |extensi- | matter | |  | | | density | (Ksat) |capacity | bility | | Kw | Kf _____________________|_______|______|_________|_____________|_________|_________|_________|_____|____ | In | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | Pct | Pct | |  | | | | | | | | | HeC: | | | | | | | | |  Heuvelton, rolling--| 0-7 |27-40 |1.00-1.25| 0.2-2 |0.16-0.21| 3.0-5.9 | 3.0-6.0 |0.37 |0.3 | 7-11 |35-60 |1.15-1.40| 0.2-2 |0.13-0.17| 3.0-5.9 | --- |0.28 |0.2 | 11-22 |35-60 |1.15-1.40| 0.2-2 |0.13-0.17| 3.0-5.9 | --- |0.28 |0.2 | 22-72 |35-60 |1.15-1.65|0.0015-0.2 |0.13-0.17| 3.0-5.9 | --- |0.28 |0.2 | | | | | | | | | HkE: | | | | | | | | |  Heuvelton-----------| 0-7 |27-40 |1.00-1.25| 0.2-2 |0.16-0.21| 3.0-5.9 | 3.0-6.0 |0.37 |0.3 | 7-11 |35-60 |1.15-1.40| 0.2-2 |0.13-0.17| 3.0-5.9 | --- |0.28 |0.2 | 11-22 |35-60 |1.15-1.40| 0.2-2 |0.13-0.17| 3.0-5.9 | --- |0.28 |0.2 | 22-72 |35-60 |1.15-1.65|0.0015-0.2 |0.13-0.17| 3.0-5.9 | --- |0.28 |0.2 | | | | | | | | |  Depeyster-----------| 0-10 |15-27 |1.20-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.14-0.21| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-6.0 |0.49 |0.4 | 10-27 |18-35 |1.20-1.50| 0.06-0.6 |0.16-0.20| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.49 |0.4 | 27-72 | 4-35 |1.40-1.70| 0.06-0.6 |0.12-0.20| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.64 |0.6 | | | | | | | | | HnA: | | | | | | | | |  Hogansburg----------| 0-10 | 4-20 |1.10-1.40| 0.6-2 |0.16-0.20| 0.0-2.9 | 3.0-6.0 |0.32 |0.3 | 10-25 | 4-20 |1.25-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.08-0.15| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.24 |0.2 | 25-72 | 4-20 |1.70-1.95| 0.2-0.6 |0.08-0.13| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.24 |0.2 | | | | | | | | | HnB: | | | | | | | | |  Hogansburg----------| 0-10 | 4-20 |1.10-1.40| 0.6-2 |0.16-0.20| 0.0-2.9 | 3.0-6.0 |0.32 |0.3 | 10-25 | 4-20 |1.25-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.08-0.15| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.24 |0.2 | 25-72 | 4-20 |1.70-1.95| 0.2-0.6 |0.08-0.13| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.24 |0.2 | | | | | | | | | HrB: | | | | | | | | |  Hogansburg, very | | | | | | | | |  stony--------------| 0-10 | 4-20 |1.10-1.40| 0.6-2 |0.16-0.20| 0.0-2.9 | 3.0-6.0 |0.32 |0.3 | 10-25 | 4-20 |1.25-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.08-0.15| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.24 |0.2 | 25-72 | 4-20 |1.70-1.95| 0.2-0.6 |0.08-0.13| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.24 |0.2 | | | | | | | | |  Grenville, very | | | | | | | | |  stony--------------| 0-5 | 4-20 |1.10-1.40| 0.6-2 |0.16-0.20| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-6.0 |0.32 |0.3 | 5-37 | 4-20 |1.25-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.08-0.15| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.24 |0.2 | 37-72 | 4-20 |1.60-1.85| 0.2-0.6 |0.08-0.14| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.24 |0.2 | | | | | | | | | IaB: | | | | | | | | |  Insula--------------| 0-1 | --- |0.10-0.35| 0.2-6 |0.20-0.50| --- | 35-80 | --- | -- | 1-3 | --- |0.10-0.40| 0.2-6 |0.50-0.65| --- | 35-80 | --- | -- | 3-16 | 4-20 |1.40-1.60| 2-6 |0.08-0.13| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.17 |0.2 | 16-25 | --- | --- | 0.00-0.0015| --- | --- | --- | --- | -- | | | | | | | | | 
Table 16.--Physical Properties of the Soils--Continued _____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | |Erosion f Map symbol | Depth | Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Linear | Organic |__________ and soil name | | | bulk | bility | water |extensi- | matter | |  | | | density | (Ksat) |capacity | bility | | Kw | Kf _____________________|_______|______|_________|_____________|_________|_________|_________|_____|____ | In | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | Pct | Pct | |  | | | | | | | | | InB: | | | | | | | | |  Insula--------------| 0-1 | --- |0.10-0.35| 0.2-6 |0.20-0.50| --- | 35-80 | --- | -- | 1-3 | --- |0.10-0.40| 0.2-6 |0.50-0.65| --- | 35-80 | --- | -- | 3-16 | 4-20 |1.40-1.60| 2-6 |0.08-0.13| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.17 |0.2 | 16-25 | --- | --- | 0.00-0.0015 | --- | --- | --- | --- | -- | | | | | | | | | IrC: | | | | | | | | |  Insula, rolling-----| 0-1 | --- |0.10-0.35| 0.2-6 |0.20-0.50| --- | 35-80 | --- | -- | 1-3 | --- |0.10-0.40| 0.2-6 |0.50-0.65| --- | 35-80 | --- | -- | 3-16 | 4-20 |1.40-1.60| 2-6 |0.08-0.13| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.17 |0.2 | 16-25 | --- | --- | 0.00-0.0015 | --- | --- | --- | --- | -- | | | | | | | | |  Rock outcrop--------| 0-72 | --- | --- | 0.00-0.0015 | --- | --- | --- | --- | -- | | | | | | | | | IrD: | | | | | | | | |  Insula, hilly-------| 0-1 | --- |0.10-0.35| 0.2-6 |0.20-0.50| --- | 35-80 | --- | -- | 1-3 | --- |0.10-0.40| 0.2-6 |0.50-0.65| --- | 35-80 | --- | -- | 3-16 | 4-20 |1.40-1.60| 2-6 |0.08-0.13| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.17 |0.2 | 16-25 | --- | --- | 0.00-0.0015 | --- | --- | --- | --- | -- | | | | | | | | |  Rock outcrop--------| 0-60 | --- | --- | 0.00-0.0015 | --- | --- | --- | --- | -- | | | | | | | | | KaA: | | | | | | | | |  Kalurah-------------| 0-11 | 4-20 |1.10-1.40| 0.6-2 |0.16-0.20| 0.0-2.9 | 3.0-6.0 |0.32 |0.3 | 11-47 | 4-20 |1.20-1.50| 0.2-0.6 |0.08-0.15| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.28 |0.3 | 47-72 | 4-20 |1.60-1.85| 0.06-0.2 |0.08-0.15| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.24 |0.2 | | | | | | | | | KaB: | | | | | | | | |  Kalurah-------------| 0-11 | 4-20 |1.10-1.40| 0.6-2 |0.16-0.20| 0.0-2.9 | 3.0-6.0 |0.32 |0.3 | 11-47 | 4-20 |1.20-1.50| 0.2-0.6 |0.08-0.15| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.28 |0.3 | 47-72 | 4-20 |1.60-1.85| 0.06-0.2 |0.08-0.15| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.24 |0.2 | | | | | | | | | KbB: | | | | | | | | |  Kalurah, very stony-| 0-11 | 4-20 |1.10-1.40| 0.6-2 |0.16-0.20| 0.0-2.9 | 3.0-6.0 |0.32 |0.3 | 11-47 | 4-20 |1.20-1.50| 0.2-0.6 |0.08-0.15| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.28 |0.3 | 47-72 | 4-20 |1.60-1.85| 0.06-0.2 |0.08-0.15| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.24 |0.2 | | | | | | | | |  Pyrites, very | | | | | | | | |  stony--------------| 0-8 | 4-20 |1.10-1.40| 0.6-2 |0.16-0.20| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-6.0 |0.24 |0.3 | 8-40 | 4-20 |1.20-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.08-0.15| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-1.0 |0.24 |0.2 | 40-72 | 4-20 |1.60-1.85| 0.06-0.6 |0.06-0.10| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.2 |0.24 |0.2 | | | | | | | | | Lc: | | | | | | | | |  Lovewell------------| 0-14 | 7-20 |0.95-1.35| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.35| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-8.0 |0.32 |0.3 | 14-29 | 7-20 |0.95-1.40| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.45| 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-2.0 |0.49 |0.4 | 29-72 | 2-20 |1.10-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.18-0.40| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-1.0 |0.49 |0.4 | | | | | | | | | 
Table 16.--Physical Properties of the Soils--Continued _____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | |Erosion f Map symbol | Depth | Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Linear | Organic |__________ and soil name | | | bulk | bility | water |extensi- | matter | |  | | | density | (Ksat) |capacity | bility | | Kw | Kf _____________________|_______|______|_________|_____________|_________|_________|_________|_____|____ | In | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | Pct | Pct | |  | | | | | | | | | Ld: | | | | | | | | |  Loxley--------------| 0-3 | 0-0 |0.30-0.40| 0.6-6 |0.45-0.55| --- | 70-90 | --- | -- | 3-72 | 0-0 |0.10-0.35| 0.2-6 |0.35-0.45| --- | 70-90 | --- | -- | | | | | | | | | LeC: | | | | | | | | |  Lyman---------------| 0-4 | 2-20 |0.75-1.20| 2-6 |0.13-0.24| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-8.0 |0.20 |0.2 | 4-14 | 2-20 |0.90-1.40| 2-6 |0.08-0.28| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.32 |0.3 | 14-24 | --- | --- | 0.00-0.0015 | --- | --- | --- | --- | -- | | | | | | | | |  Rock outcrop--------| 0-60 | --- | --- | 0.06-6 | --- | --- | --- | --- | -- | | | | | | | | | LeD: | | | | | | | | |  Lyman, very | | | | | | | | |  bouldery-----------| 0-4 | 2-20 |0.75-1.20| 2-6 |0.13-0.24| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-8.0 |0.20 |0.2 | 4-14 | 2-20 |0.90-1.40| 2-6 |0.08-0.28| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.32 |0.3 | 14-24 | --- | --- | 0.00-0.0015 | --- | --- | --- | --- | -- | | | | | | | | |  Rock outcrop--------| 0-60 | --- | --- | 0.06-6 | --- | --- | --- | --- | -- | | | | | | | | | Lt: | | | | | | | | |  Lyme, very bouldery-| 0-3 | 2-18 |1.35-1.60| 0.6-6 |0.05-0.20| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-10 |0.32 |0.2 | 3-16 | 2-18 |1.45-1.70| 0.6-6 |0.04-0.16| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.24 |0.2 | 16-72 | 2-18 |1.45-1.70| 0.6-6 |0.04-0.16| 0.0-2.9 | --- | --- | -- | | | | | | | | |  Tughill, very | | | | | | | | |  bouldery-----------| 0-4 | --- | --- | 0.6-6 |0.50-0.65| --- | 35-80 | --- | -- | 4-8 | 2-18 |1.10-1.40| 0.6-2 |0.08-0.13| 0.0-2.9 | 5.0-20 |0.20 |0.2 | 8-40 | 2-18 |1.20-1.50| 0.2-0.6 |0.06-0.08| 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-3.0 |0.20 |0.2 | 40-72 | 2-18 |1.70-1.95| 0.06-0.2 |0.05-0.07| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-2.0 |0.20 |0.2 | | | | | | | | | MaA: | | | | | | | | |  Malone--------------| 0-10 | 4-22 |1.10-1.40| 0.6-2 |0.09-0.16| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-8.0 |0.20 |0.2 | 10-25 | 4-18 |1.20-1.50| 0.06-0.6 |0.08-0.15| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.20 |0.2 | 25-72 | 4-18 |1.70-1.90| 0.06-0.6 |0.06-0.14| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.20 |0.2 | | | | | | | | | MaB: | | | | | | | | |  Malone--------------| 0-10 | 4-22 |1.10-1.40| 0.6-2 |0.09-0.16| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-8.0 |0.20 |0.2 | 10-25 | 4-18 |1.20-1.50| 0.06-0.6 |0.08-0.15| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.20 |0.2 | 25-72 | 4-18 |1.70-1.90| 0.06-0.6 |0.06-0.14| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.20 |0.2 | | | | | | | | | MbB: | | | | | | | | |  Malone, very stony--| 0-10 | 4-22 |1.10-1.40| 0.6-2 |0.09-0.16| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-8.0 |0.20 |0.2 | 10-25 | 4-18 |1.20-1.50| 0.06-0.6 |0.08-0.15| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.20 |0.2 | 25-72 | 4-18 |1.70-1.90| 0.06-0.6 |0.06-0.14| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.20 |0.2 | | | | | | | | | 
Table 16.--Physical Properties of the Soils--Continued _____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | |Erosion f Map symbol | Depth | Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Linear | Organic |__________ and soil name | | | bulk | bility | water |extensi- | matter | |  | | | density | (Ksat) |capacity | bility | | Kw | Kf _____________________|_______|______|_________|_____________|_________|_________|_________|_____|____ | In | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | Pct | Pct | |  | | | | | | | | | MdB: | | | | | | | | |  Malone, undulating--| 0-10 | 4-22 |1.10-1.40| 0.6-2 |0.09-0.16| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-8.0 |0.20 |0.2 | 10-25 | 4-18 |1.20-1.50| 0.06-0.6 |0.08-0.15| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.20 |0.2 | 25-72 | 4-18 |1.70-1.90| 0.06-0.6 |0.06-0.14| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.20 |0.2 | | | | | | | | |  Adjidaumo-----------| 0-8 |40-55 |1.00-1.25| 0.2-0.6 |0.14-0.18| 3.0-5.9 | 4.0-12 |0.37 |0.3 | 8-27 |35-60 |1.20-1.40| 0.06-0.2 |0.12-0.14| 3.0-5.9 | 1.0-4.0 |0.28 |0.2 | 27-72 |35-60 |1.20-1.40|0.0015-0.2 |0.12-0.14| 3.0-5.9 | 0.5-2.0 |0.28 |0.2 | | | | | | | | | MeB: | | | | | | | | |  Malone, very stony--| 0-10 | 4-22 |1.10-1.40| 0.6-2 |0.09-0.16| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-8.0 |0.20 |0.2 | 10-25 | 4-18 |1.20-1.50| 0.06-0.6 |0.08-0.15| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.20 |0.2 | 25-72 | 4-18 |1.70-1.90| 0.06-0.6 |0.06-0.14| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.20 |0.2 | | | | | | | | |  Adjidaumo-----------| 0-8 |40-55 |1.00-1.25| 0.2-0.6 |0.14-0.18| 3.0-5.9 | 4.0-12 |0.37 |0.3 | 8-27 |35-60 |1.20-1.40| 0.06-0.2 |0.12-0.14| 3.0-5.9 | 1.0-4.0 |0.28 |0.2 | 27-72 |35-60 |1.20-1.40|0.0015-0.2 |0.12-0.14| 3.0-5.9 | 0.5-2.0 |0.28 |0.2 | | | | | | | | | MfA: | | | | | | | | |  Matoon--------------| 0-8 |27-40 |1.00-1.25| 0.2-0.6 |0.14-0.18| 3.0-5.9 | 3.0-7.0 |0.49 |0.4 | 8-12 |25-55 |1.10-1.30| 0.2-0.6 |0.12-0.14| 3.0-5.9 | --- |0.28 |0.2 | 12-27 |35-60 |1.20-1.40| 0.06-0.2 |0.12-0.14| 3.0-5.9 | --- |0.28 |0.2 | 27-37 | --- | --- | 0.00-20 | --- | --- | --- | --- | -- | | | | | | | | | MfB: | | | | | | | | |  Matoon--------------| 0-8 |27-40 |1.00-1.25| 0.2-0.6 |0.14-0.18| 3.0-5.9 | 3.0-7.0 |0.49 |0.4 | 8-12 |25-55 |1.10-1.30| 0.2-0.6 |0.12-0.14| 3.0-5.9 | --- |0.28 |0.2 | 12-27 |35-60 |1.20-1.40| 0.06-0.2 |0.12-0.14| 3.0-5.9 | --- |0.28 |0.2 | 27-37 | --- | --- | 0.00-20 | --- | --- | --- | --- | -- | | | | | | | | | Mh: | | | | | | | | |  Mino----------------| 0-10 | 5-18 |1.20-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.16-0.20| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-8.0 |0.28 |0.2 | 10-32 | 5-18 |1.20-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.13-0.20| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.28 |0.2 | 32-72 | 5-18 |1.20-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.13-0.20| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.28 |0.2 | | | | | | | | | Mn: | | | | | | | | |  Munuscong-----------| 0-8 | 4-20 |1.30-1.65| 2-6 |0.13-0.15| 0.0-2.9 | 4.0-15 |0.20 |0.2 | 8-26 | 4-20 |1.30-1.70| 2-6 |0.12-0.17| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 |0.24 |0.2 | 26-98 |27-65 |1.35-1.70| 0.06-0.2 |0.08-0.18| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-0.5 |0.28 |0.2 | | | | | | | | | MsA: | | | | | | | | |  Muskellunge---------| 0-12 |27-40 |1.00-1.25| 0.2-0.6 |0.16-0.21| 3.0-5.9 | 2.0-9.0 |0.49 |0.4 | 12-37 |27-65 |1.20-1.40| 0.06-0.2 |0.12-0.14| 3.0-5.9 | --- |0.28 |0.2 | 37-72 |40-65 |1.15-1.40| 0.06-0.2 |0.12-0.14| 3.0-5.9 | --- |0.28 |0.2 | | | | | | | | | 
Table 16.--Physical Properties of the Soils--Continued _____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | |Erosion f Map symbol | Depth | Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Linear | Organic |__________ and soil name | | | bulk | bility | water |extensi- | matter | |  | | | density | (Ksat) |capacity | bility | | Kw | Kf _____________________|_______|______|_________|_____________|_________|_________|_________|_____|____ | In | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | Pct | Pct | |  | | | | | | | | | MsB: | | | | | | | | |  Muskellunge---------| 0-12 |27-40 |1.00-1.25| 0.2-0.6 |0.16-0.21| 3.0-5.9 | 2.0-9.0 |0.49 |0.4 | 12-37 |27-65 |1.20-1.40| 0.06-0.2 |0.12-0.14| 3.0-5.9 | --- |0.28 |0.2 | 37-72 |40-65 |1.15-1.40| 0.06-0.2 |0.12-0.14| 3.0-5.9 | --- |0.28 |0.2 | | | | | | | | | MuB: | | | | | | | | |  Muskellunge---------| 0-12 |27-40 |1.00-1.25| 0.2-0.6 |0.16-0.21| 3.0-5.9 | 2.0-9.0 |0.49 |0.4 | 12-37 |27-65 |1.20-1.40| 0.06-0.2 |0.12-0.14| 3.0-5.9 | --- |0.28 |0.2 | 37-72 |40-65 |1.15-1.40| 0.06-0.2 |0.12-0.14| 3.0-5.9 | --- |0.28 |0.2 | | | | | | | | | MwB: | | | | | | | | |  Muskellunge, | | | | | | | | |  undulating---------| 0-12 |27-40 |1.00-1.25| 0.2-0.6 |0.16-0.21| 3.0-5.9 | 2.0-9.0 |0.49 |0.4 | 12-37 |27-65 |1.20-1.40| 0.06-0.2 |0.12-0.14| 3.0-5.9 | --- |0.28 |0.2 | 37-72 |40-65 |1.15-1.40| 0.06-0.2 |0.12-0.14| 3.0-5.9 | --- |0.28 |0.2 | | | | | | | | |  Adjidaumo-----------| 0-8 |40-55 |1.00-1.25| 0.2-0.6 |0.14-0.18| 3.0-5.9 | 4.0-8.0 |0.37 |0.3 | 8-27 |35-60 |1.20-1.40| 0.06-0.2 |0.12-0.14| 3.0-5.9 | 1.0-4.0 |0.28 |0.2 | 27-72 |35-60 |1.20-1.40|0.0015-0.2 |0.12-0.14| 3.0-5.9 | 0.5-2.0 |0.28 |0.2 | | | | | | | | | Na: | | | | | | | | |  Naumburg------------| 0-5 | --- |0.10-0.40| 0.2-6 |0.20-0.50| --- | 35-80 | --- | -- | 5-19 | 1-5 |1.20-1.50| 2-6 |0.05-0.09| 0.0-2.9 | 3.0-7.0 |0.17 |0.1 | 19-41 | 1-5 |1.20-1.50| 6-20 |0.06-0.08| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.17 |0.1 | 41-72 | 1-5 |1.45-1.65| 6-20 |0.04-0.06| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.17 |0.1 | | | | | | | | | NhA: | | | | | | | | |  Nehasne-------------| 0-7 | 4-20 |1.10-1.40| 0.6-6 |0.11-0.15| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-6.0 |0.24 |0.2 | 7-23 | 4-22 |1.20-1.55| 0.6-6 |0.09-0.14| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.20 |0.2 | 23-25 | 4-22 |1.30-1.60| 0.6-6 |0.07-0.12| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.20 |0.2 | 25-35 | --- | --- | 0.00-20 | --- | --- | --- | --- | -- | | | | | | | | | NhB: | | | | | | | | |  Nehasne-------------| 0-7 | 4-20 |1.10-1.40| 0.6-6 |0.11-0.15| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-6.0 |0.24 |0.2 | 7-23 | 4-22 |1.20-1.55| 0.6-6 |0.09-0.14| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.20 |0.2 | 23-25 | 4-22 |1.30-1.60| 0.6-6 |0.07-0.12| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.20 |0.2 | 25-35 | --- | --- | 0.00-20 | --- | --- | --- | --- | -- | | | | | | | | | NhC: | | | | | | | | |  Nehasne-------------| 0-7 | 4-20 |1.10-1.40| 0.6-6 |0.11-0.15| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-6.0 |0.24 |0.2 | 7-23 | 4-22 |1.20-1.55| 0.6-6 |0.09-0.14| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.20 |0.2 | 23-25 | 4-22 |1.30-1.60| 0.6-6 |0.07-0.12| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.20 |0.2 | 25-35 | --- | --- | 0.00-20 | --- | --- | --- | --- | -- | | | | | | | | | 
Table 16.--Physical Properties of the Soils--Continued _____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | |Erosion fa Map symbol | Depth | Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Linear | Organic |__________ and soil name | | | bulk | bility | water |extensi- | matter | |  | | | density | (Ksat) |capacity | bility | | Kw | Kf _____________________|_______|______|_________|_____________|_________|_________|_________|_____|____ | In | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | Pct | Pct | |  | | | | | | | | | NoA: | | | | | | | | |  Nicholville---------| 0-8 | 7-18 |1.20-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.16-0.22| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-6.0 |0.49 |0.49  | 8-18 | 7-18 |1.20-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.15-0.20| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.64 |0.64  | 18-39 | 4-18 |1.45-1.65| 0.6-2 |0.10-0.20| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.64 |0.64  | 39-72 | 2-18 |1.45-1.65| 0.6-2 |0.12-0.20| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.49 |0.49  | | | | | | | | | NoB: | | | | | | | | |  Nicholville---------| 0-8 | 7-18 |1.20-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.16-0.22| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-6.0 |0.49 |0.49  | 8-18 | 7-18 |1.20-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.15-0.20| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.64 |0.64  | 18-39 | 4-18 |1.45-1.65| 0.6-2 |0.10-0.20| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.64 |0.64  | 39-72 | 2-18 |1.45-1.65| 0.6-2 |0.12-0.20| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.49 |0.49  | | | | | | | | | NoC: | | | | | | | | |  Nicholsville, | | | | | | | | |  rolling------------| 0-8 | 7-18 |1.20-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.16-0.22| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-6.0 |0.49 |0.49  | 8-18 | 7-18 |1.20-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.15-0.20| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.64 |0.64  | 18-39 | 4-18 |1.45-1.65| 0.6-2 |0.10-0.20| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.64 |0.64  | 39-72 | 2-18 |1.45-1.65| 0.6-2 |0.12-0.20| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.49 |0.49  | | | | | | | | | NrB: | | | | | | | | |  Nicholville---------| 0-8 | 7-18 |1.20-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.16-0.22| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-6.0 |0.49 |0.49  | 8-18 | 7-18 |1.20-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.15-0.20| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.64 |0.64  | 18-39 | 4-18 |1.45-1.65| 0.6-2 |0.10-0.20| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.64 |0.64  | 39-72 | 2-18 |1.45-1.65| 0.6-2 |0.12-0.20| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.49 |0.49  | | | | | | | | | OgA: | | | | | | | | |  Ogdensburg----------| 0-9 | 7-27 |1.10-1.40| 0.6-6 |0.10-0.20| 0.0-2.9 | 4.0-10 |0.24 |0.24  | 9-21 | 4-20 |1.20-1.50| 0.6-6 |0.10-0.20| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-1.0 |0.20 |0.24  | 21-24 | 4-20 |1.20-1.50| 0.6-6 |0.10-0.20| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-1.0 |0.20 |0.28  | 24-34 | --- | --- | 0.00-20 | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---  | | | | | | | | | OgB: | | | | | | | | |  Ogdensburg----------| 0-9 | 7-27 |1.10-1.40| 0.6-6 |0.10-0.20| 0.0-2.9 | 4.0-10 |0.24 |0.24  | 9-21 | 4-20 |1.20-1.50| 0.6-6 |0.10-0.20| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-1.0 |0.20 |0.24  | 21-24 | 4-20 |1.20-1.50| 0.6-6 |0.10-0.20| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-1.0 |0.20 |0.28  | 24-34 | --- | --- | 0.00-20 | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---  | | | | | | | | | Pg: | | | | | | | | |  Pits, gravel and | | | | | | | | |  sand---------------| 0-6 | 0-1 | --- | 6-20 |0.01-0.02| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.1 |0.02 | ---  | 6-72 | 0-1 | --- | 6-101 |0.01-0.02| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.02 | ---  | | | | | | | | | Ph: | | | | | | | | |  Pits, quarry--------| 0-72 | 0-0 | --- | 0.00-0.0015 |0.00-0.00| --- | --- | --- | ---  | | | | | | | | | 
Table 16.--Physical Properties of the Soils--Continued _____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | |Erosion f Map symbol | Depth | Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Linear | Organic |__________ and soil name | | | bulk | bility | water |extensi- | matter | |  | | | density | (Ksat) |capacity | bility | | Kw | Kf _____________________|_______|______|_________|_____________|_________|_________|_________|_____|____ | In | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | Pct | Pct | |  | | | | | | | | | PmC: | | | | | | | | |  Potsdam-------------| 0-3 | --- |0.10-0.35| 0.2-6 |0.20-0.50| --- | 35-80 | --- | -- | 3-6 | --- |0.10-0.40| 0.2-6 |0.50-0.65| --- | 35-80 | --- | -- | 6-9 | 7-22 |1.10-1.40| 0.6-2 |0.15-0.21| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-8.0 |0.49 |0.4 | 9-22 | 7-22 |1.20-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.14-0.20| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.64 |0.6 | 22-34 | 3-20 |1.30-1.60| 0.6-2 |0.08-0.15| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.28 |0.3 | 34-72 | 3-20 |1.70-2.00| 0.06-0.2 |0.04-0.10| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.28 |0.3 | | | | | | | | | PoC: | | | | | | | | |  Potsdam, very | | | | | | | | |  bouldery-----------| 0-3 | --- |0.10-0.35| 0.2-6 |0.20-0.50| --- | 35-80 | --- | -- | 3-6 | --- |0.10-0.40| 0.2-6 |0.50-0.65| --- | 35-80 | --- | -- | 6-9 | 7-22 |1.10-1.40| 0.6-2 |0.15-0.21| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-8.0 |0.49 |0.4 | 9-22 | 7-22 |1.20-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.14-0.20| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.64 |0.6 | 22-34 | 3-20 |1.30-1.60| 0.6-2 |0.08-0.15| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.28 |0.3 | 34-72 | 3-20 |1.70-2.00| 0.06-0.2 |0.04-0.10| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.28 |0.3 | | | | | | | | |  Tunbridge, very | | | | | | | | |  bouldery-----------| 0-3 | 2-22 |0.80-1.20| 0.6-6 |0.11-0.20| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-8.0 |0.20 |0.2 | 3-19 | 2-22 |1.20-1.40| 0.6-6 |0.10-0.21| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-6.0 |0.20 |0.2 | 19-30 | 2-22 |1.20-1.50| 0.6-6 |0.09-0.15| 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-1.0 |0.20 |0.2 | 30-39 | --- | --- | 0.00-0.0015 | --- | --- | --- | --- | -- | | | | | | | | | PoD: | | | | | | | | |  Potsdam, very | | | | | | | | |  bouldery-----------| 0-3 | --- |0.10-0.35| 0.2-6 |0.20-0.50| --- | 35-80 | --- | -- | 3-6 | --- |0.10-0.40| 0.2-6 |0.50-0.65| --- | 35-80 | --- | -- | 6-9 | 7-22 |1.10-1.40| 0.6-2 |0.15-0.21| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-8.0 |0.49 |0.4 | 9-22 | 7-22 |1.20-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.14-0.20| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.64 |0.6 | 22-34 | 3-20 |1.30-1.60| 0.6-2 |0.08-0.15| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.28 |0.3 | 34-72 | 3-20 |1.70-2.00| 0.06-0.2 |0.04-0.10| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.28 |0.3 | | | | | | | | |  Tunbridge, very | | | | | | | | |  bouldery-----------| 0-3 | 2-22 |0.80-1.20| 0.6-6 |0.11-0.20| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-8.0 |0.20 |0.2 | 3-19 | 2-22 |1.20-1.40| 0.6-6 |0.10-0.21| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-6.0 |0.20 |0.2 | 19-30 | 2-22 |1.20-1.50| 0.6-6 |0.09-0.15| 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-1.0 |0.20 |0.2 | 30-39 | --- | --- | 0.00-0.0015 | --- | --- | --- | --- | -- | | | | | | | | | PpD: | | | | | | | | |  Potsdam, very | | | | | | | | |  bouldery-----------| 0-3 | --- |0.10-0.35| 0.2-6 |0.20-0.50| --- | 35-80 | --- | -- | 3-6 | --- |0.10-0.40| 0.2-6 |0.50-0.65| --- | 35-80 | --- | -- | 6-9 | 7-22 |1.10-1.40| 0.6-2 |0.15-0.21| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-8.0 |0.49 |0.4 | 9-22 | 7-22 |1.20-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.14-0.20| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.64 |0.6 | 22-34 | 3-20 |1.30-1.60| 0.6-2 |0.08-0.15| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.28 |0.3 | 34-72 | 3-20 |1.70-2.00| 0.06-0.2 |0.04-0.10| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.28 |0.3 | | | | | | | | | 
Table 16.--Physical Properties of the Soils--Continued _____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | |Erosion f Map symbol | Depth | Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Linear | Organic |__________ and soil name | | | bulk | bility | water |extensi- | matter | |  | | | density | (Ksat) |capacity | bility | | Kw | Kf _____________________|_______|______|_________|_____________|_________|_________|_________|_____|____ | In | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | Pct | Pct | |  | | | | | | | | | PpD: | | | | | | | | |  Berkshire, very | | | | | | | | |  bouldery-----------| 0-7 | 2-27 |1.10-1.15| 0.6-6 |0.06-0.22| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-6.0 |0.20 |0.3 | 7-30 | 2-22 |1.15-1.30| 0.6-6 |0.10-0.20| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-1.0 |0.32 |0.5 | 30-72 | 2-20 |1.30-1.60| 0.6-6 |0.10-0.18| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.0 |0.24 |0.4 | | | | | | | | | PsC: | | | | | | | | |  Potsdam, very | | | | | | | | |  bouldery-----------| 0-3 | --- | --- | 0.2-6 |0.20-0.50| --- | 35-80 | --- | -- | 3-6 | --- | --- | 0.2-6 |0.50-0.65| --- | 35-80 | --- | -- | 6-9 | 7-22 |1.10-1.40| 0.6-2 |0.15-0.21| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-8.0 |0.49 |0.4 | 9-22 | 7-22 |1.20-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.14-0.20| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.64 |0.6 | 22-34 | 3-20 |1.30-1.60| 0.6-2 |0.08-0.15| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.28 |0.3 | 34-72 | 3-20 |1.70-2.00| 0.06-0.2 |0.04-0.10| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.28 |0.3 | | | | | | | | |  Crary, very | | | | | | | | |  bouldery-----------| 0-8 | 7-22 |1.10-1.40| 0.6-2 |0.13-0.21| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-8.0 |0.49 |0.4 | 8-24 | 7-22 |1.20-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.11-0.20| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-1.0 |0.64 |0.6 | 24-36 | 3-20 |1.65-1.95| 0.06-0.2 |0.02-0.04| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-1.0 |0.24 |0.2 | 36-72 | 3-20 |1.65-1.95| 0.06-0.2 |0.02-0.04| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.2 |0.24 |0.2 | | | | | | | | | PvB: | | | | | | | | |  Pyrities------------| 0-8 | 4-20 |1.10-1.40| 0.6-2 |0.16-0.20| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-6.0 |0.24 |0.3 | 8-40 | 4-20 |1.20-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.08-0.15| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-1.0 |0.24 |0.2 | 40-72 | 4-20 |1.60-1.85| 0.06-0.6 |0.06-0.10| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.2 |0.24 |0.2 | | | | | | | | | PvC: | | | | | | | | |  Pyrities------------| 0-8 | 4-20 |1.10-1.40| 0.6-2 |0.16-0.20| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-6.0 |0.24 |0.3 | 8-40 | 4-20 |1.20-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.08-0.15| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-1.0 |0.24 |0.2 | 40-72 | 4-20 |1.60-1.85| 0.06-0.6 |0.06-0.10| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.2 |0.24 |0.2 | | | | | | | | | PxD: | | | | | | | | |  Pyrites, very | | | | | | | | |  stony--------------| 0-8 | 4-20 |1.10-1.40| 0.6-2 |0.16-0.20| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-6.0 |0.24 |0.3 | 8-40 | 4-20 |1.20-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.08-0.15| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-1.0 |0.24 |0.2 | 40-72 | 4-20 |1.60-1.85| 0.06-0.6 |0.06-0.10| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.2 |0.24 |0.2 | | | | | | | | | PyB: | | | | | | | | |  Pyrities, rocky-----| 0-8 | 4-20 |1.10-1.40| 0.6-2 |0.16-0.20| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-6.0 |0.24 |0.3 | 8-40 | 4-20 |1.20-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.08-0.15| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-1.0 |0.24 |0.2 | 40-72 | 4-20 |1.60-1.85| 0.06-0.6 |0.06-0.10| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.2 |0.24 |0.2 | | | | | | | | | PyC: | | | | | | | | |  Pyrities, rocky-----| 0-8 | 4-20 |1.10-1.40| 0.6-2 |0.16-0.20| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-6.0 |0.24 |0.3 | 8-40 | 4-20 |1.20-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.08-0.15| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-1.0 |0.24 |0.2 | 40-72 | 4-20 |1.60-1.85| 0.06-0.6 |0.06-0.10| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.2 |0.24 |0.2 | | | | | | | | | 
Table 16.--Physical Properties of the Soils--Continued _____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | |Erosion f Map symbol | Depth | Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Linear | Organic |__________ and soil name | | | bulk | bility | water |extensi- | matter | |  | | | density | (Ksat) |capacity | bility | | Kw | Kf _____________________|_______|______|_________|_____________|_________|_________|_________|_____|____ | In | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | Pct | Pct | |  | | | | | | | | | PzC: | | | | | | | | |  Pyrites, very | | | | | | | | |  stony--------------| 0-8 | 4-20 |1.10-1.40| 0.6-2 |0.16-0.20| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-6.0 |0.24 |0.3 | 8-40 | 4-20 |1.20-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.08-0.15| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-1.0 |0.24 |0.2 | 40-72 | 4-20 |1.60-1.85| 0.06-0.6 |0.06-0.10| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.2 |0.24 |0.2 | | | | | | | | |  Kalurah, very stony-| 0-11 | 4-20 |1.10-1.40| 0.6-2 |0.16-0.20| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-6.0 |0.32 |0.3 | 11-47 | 4-20 |1.20-1.50| 0.2-0.6 |0.08-0.15| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.28 |0.3 | 47-72 | 4-20 |1.60-1.85| 0.06-0.2 |0.08-0.15| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.24 |0.2 | | | | | | | | | QwB: | | | | | | | | |  Quetico-------------| 0-0 | --- |0.10-0.35| 0.1-6 |0.20-0.50| --- | 35-80 | --- | -- | 0-1 | --- |0.10-0.40| 0.1-6 |0.50-0.65| --- | 35-80 | --- | -- | 1-8 | 7-20 |1.40-1.60| 0.6-2 |0.13-0.17| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-6.0 |0.24 |0.2 | 8-17 | --- | --- | 0.00-0.0015 | --- | --- | --- | --- | -- | | | | | | | | |  Rock outcrop--------| 0-72 | --- | --- | 0.00-0.0015 | --- | --- | --- | --- | -- | | | | | | | | |  Insula--------------| 0-1 | --- |0.10-0.35| 0.2-6 |0.20-0.50| --- | 35-80 | --- | -- | 1-3 | --- |0.10-0.40| 0.2-6 |0.50-0.65| --- | 35-80 | --- | -- | 3-16 | 4-20 |1.40-1.60| 2-6 |0.08-0.13| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.17 |0.2 | 16-25 | --- | --- | 0.00-0.0015 | --- | --- | --- | --- | -- | | | | | | | | | RaA: | | | | | | | | |  Raquette------------| 0-9 | 3-18 |1.10-1.40| 2-20 |0.11-0.14| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-6.0 |0.24 |0.2 | 9-19 | 3-18 |1.10-1.40| 2-20 |0.07-0.14| 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-1.0 |0.24 |0.2 | 19-25 | 1-18 |1.10-1.40| 2-20 |0.07-0.14| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.2 |0.24 |0.2 | 25-72 | 1-10 |1.25-1.55| 20-101 |0.03-0.06| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.17 |0.2 | | | | | | | | | RaB: | | | | | | | | |  Raquette------------| 0-9 | 3-18 |1.10-1.40| 2-20 |0.11-0.14| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-6.0 |0.24 |0.2 | 9-19 | 3-18 |1.10-1.40| 2-20 |0.07-0.14| 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-1.0 |0.24 |0.2 | 19-25 | 1-18 |1.10-1.40| 2-20 |0.07-0.14| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.2 |0.24 |0.2 | 25-72 | 1-10 |1.25-1.55| 20-101 |0.03-0.06| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.17 |0.2 | | | | | | | | | RaC: | | | | | | | | |  Raquette------------| 0-9 | 3-18 |1.10-1.40| 2-20 |0.11-0.14| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-6.0 |0.24 |0.2 | 9-19 | 3-18 |1.10-1.40| 2-20 |0.07-0.14| 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-1.0 |0.24 |0.2 | 19-25 | 1-18 |1.10-1.40| 2-20 |0.07-0.14| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.2 |0.24 |0.2 | 25-72 | 1-10 |1.25-1.55| 20-101 |0.03-0.06| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.17 |0.2 | | | | | | | | | Rd: | | | | | | | | |  Redwater------------| 0-7 | 4-18 |1.15-1.40| 0.6-2 |0.14-0.21| 0.0-2.9 | 3.0-6.0 |0.28 |0.2 | 7-38 | 4-18 |1.20-1.45| 0.6-2 |0.10-0.20| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.28 |0.2 | 38-50 | 1-10 |1.25-1.55| 2-20 |0.01-0.10| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.20 |0.2 | 50-60 | --- | --- | 0.00-20 | --- | --- | --- | --- | -- | | | | | | | | | 
Table 16.--Physical Properties of the Soils--Continued _____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | |Erosion f Map symbol | Depth | Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Linear | Organic |__________ and soil name | | | bulk | bility | water |extensi- | matter | |  | | | density | (Ksat) |capacity | bility | | Kw | Kf _____________________|_______|______|_________|_____________|_________|_________|_________|_____|____ | In | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | Pct | Pct | |  | | | | | | | | | RoA: | | | | | | | | |  Roundabout----------| 0-10 | 7-18 |0.85-1.25| 0.2-2 |0.25-0.35| 0.0-2.9 | 3.0-10 |0.43 |0.4 | 10-31 | 7-18 |1.30-1.60| 0.2-2 |0.20-0.30| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-1.0 |0.64 |0.6 | 31-55 | 3-18 |1.40-1.70| 0.06-0.6 |0.16-0.26| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.2 |0.64 |0.6 | 55-72 | 3-18 |1.40-1.70| 0.06-0.6 |0.16-0.26| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.2 |0.64 |0.6 | | | | | | | | | RoB: | | | | | | | | |  Roundabout----------| 0-10 | 7-18 |0.85-1.25| 0.2-2 |0.25-0.35| 0.0-2.9 | 3.0-10 |0.43 |0.4 | 10-31 | 7-18 |1.30-1.60| 0.2-2 |0.20-0.30| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-1.0 |0.64 |0.6 | 31-55 | 3-18 |1.40-1.70| 0.06-0.6 |0.16-0.26| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.2 |0.64 |0.6 | 55-72 | 3-18 |1.40-1.70| 0.06-0.6 |0.16-0.26| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.2 |0.64 |0.6 | | | | | | | | | Rt: | | | | | | | | |  Runeberg------------| 0-10 | 4-18 |1.40-1.55| 0.6-2 |0.15-0.20| 0.0-2.9 | 4.0-15 |0.20 |0.2 | 10-24 | 4-18 |1.60-1.80| 0.2-0.6 |0.12-0.18| 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-2.0 |0.28 |0.2 | 24-72 | 4-18 |1.75-1.85| 0.06-0.6 |0.06-0.13| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 |0.28 |0.2 | | | | | | | | | Ru: | | | | | | | | |  Runeberg, very | | | | | | | | |  stony--------------| 0-10 | 4-18 |1.40-1.55| 0.6-2 |0.15-0.20| 0.0-2.9 | 4.0-15 |0.20 |0.2 | 10-24 | 4-18 |1.60-1.80| 0.2-0.6 |0.12-0.18| 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-2.0 |0.28 |0.2 | 24-72 | 4-18 |1.75-1.85| 0.06-0.6 |0.06-0.13| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 |0.28 |0.2 | | | | | | | | | SaB: | | | | | | | | |  Salmon--------------| 0-13 | 4-18 |0.90-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.13-0.30| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-6.0 |0.49 |0.4 | 13-25 | 4-18 |1.10-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.12-0.26| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.64 |0.6 | 25-30 | 4-18 |1.45-1.65| 0.6-2 |0.12-0.26| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.64 |0.6 | 30-72 | 4-22 |1.45-1.65| 0.6-2 |0.09-0.26| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.64 |0.6 | | | | | | | | | SaC: | | | | | | | | |  Salmon, rolling-----| 0-13 | 4-18 |0.90-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.13-0.30| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-6.0 |0.49 |0.4 | 13-25 | 4-18 |1.10-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.12-0.26| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.64 |0.6 | 25-30 | 4-18 |1.45-1.65| 0.6-2 |0.12-0.26| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.64 |0.6 | 30-72 | 4-22 |1.45-1.65| 0.6-2 |0.09-0.26| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.64 |0.6 | | | | | | | | | Se: | | | | | | | | |  Searsport-----------| 0-6 | 0-0 |0.10-0.40| 0.2-6 |0.20-0.45| --- | 80-99 | --- | -- | 6-10 | 1-5 |1.15-1.35| 6-101 |0.01-0.13| 0.0-2.9 | 3.0-20 |0.17 |0.1 | 10-34 | 0-5 |1.35-1.55| 6-101 |0.01-0.09| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 |0.17 |0.1 | 34-72 | 0-5 |1.35-1.55| 6-101 |0.01-0.09| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 |0.10 |0.1 | | | | | | | | | Sg: | | | | | | | | |  Stockholm-----------| 0-10 | 1-10 |1.10-1.50| 2-6 |0.05-0.09| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-12 |0.17 |0.1 | 10-23 | 0-7 |1.20-1.50| 2-6 |0.06-0.08| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.17 |0.1 | 23-30 |27-65 |1.15-1.40|0.0015-0.06 |0.12-0.17| 3.0-5.9 | --- |0.17 |0.1 | 30-72 |27-65 |1.15-1.40|0.0015-0.06 |0.12-0.17| 3.0-5.9 | --- |0.17 |0.1 | | | | | | | | | 
Table 16.--Physical Properties of the Soils--Continued _____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | |Erosion f Map symbol | Depth | Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Linear | Organic |__________ and soil name | | | bulk | bility | water |extensi- | matter | |  | | | density | (Ksat) |capacity | bility | | Kw | Kf _____________________|_______|______|_________|_____________|_________|_________|_________|_____|____ | In | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | Pct | Pct | |  | | | | | | | | | ShB: | | | | | | | | |  Summerville---------| 0-6 | 4-20 |1.30-1.60| 2-6 |0.08-0.18| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-6.0 |0.24 |0.2 | 6-12 | 4-25 |1.35-1.65| 0.6-2 |0.10-0.16| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 |0.24 |0.2 | 12-22 | --- | --- | 0.00-20 | --- | --- | --- | --- | -- | | | | | | | | | SkB: | | | | | | | | |  Summerville, rocky--| 0-6 | 4-20 |1.30-1.60| 2-6 |0.08-0.18| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-6.0 |0.24 |0.2 | 6-12 | 4-25 |1.35-1.65| 0.6-2 |0.10-0.16| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 |0.24 |0.2 | 12-22 | --- | --- | 0.00-20 | --- | --- | --- | --- | -- | | | | | | | | |  Gouverneur----------| 0-7 | 4-27 |1.10-1.40| 0.6-2 |0.14-0.20| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-6.0 |0.37 |0.3 | 7-9 | 4-27 |1.20-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.12-0.19| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-1.0 |0.24 |0.2 | 9-19 | --- | --- | 0.00-20 | --- | --- | --- | --- | -- | | | | | | | | | SlD: | | | | | | | | |  Summerville, hilly--| 0-6 | 4-20 |1.30-1.60| 2-6 |0.08-0.18| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-6.0 |0.24 |0.2 | 6-12 | 4-25 |1.35-1.65| 0.6-2 |0.10-0.16| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 |0.24 |0.2 | 12-22 | --- | --- | 0.00-20 | --- | --- | --- | --- | -- | | | | | | | | |  Rock outcrop--------| 0-72 | --- | --- | 0.00-20 | --- | --- | --- | --- | -- | | | | | | | | | SmC: | | | | | | | | |  Summerville, | | | | | | | | |  rolling------------| 0-6 | 4-20 |1.30-1.60| 2-6 |0.08-0.18| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-6.0 |0.24 |0.2 | 6-12 | 4-25 |1.35-1.65| 0.6-2 |0.10-0.16| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 |0.24 |0.2 | 12-22 | --- | --- | 0.00-20 | --- | --- | --- | --- | -- | | | | | | | | |  Rock outcrop--------| 0-60 | --- | --- | 0.00-20 | --- | --- | --- | --- | -- | | | | | | | | |  Nehasne, rolling----| 0-7 | 4-20 |1.10-1.40| 0.6-6 |0.11-0.15| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-6.0 |0.24 |0.2 | 7-23 | 4-22 |1.20-1.55| 0.6-6 |0.09-0.14| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.20 |0.2 | 23-25 | 4-22 |1.30-1.60| 0.6-6 |0.07-0.12| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.20 |0.2 | 25-35 | --- | --- | 0.00-20 | --- | --- | --- | --- | -- | | | | | | | | | SpB: | | | | | | | | |  Sunapee-------------| 0-1 | --- |0.10-0.40| 0.2-6 |0.20-0.50| --- | 35-80 | --- | -- | 1-4 | 2-20 |0.80-1.20| 0.6-2 |0.16-0.22| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-8.0 |0.28 |0.2 | 4-23 | 2-20 |0.80-1.30| 0.6-2 |0.07-0.17| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.20 |0.2 | 23-72 | 2-20 |1.20-1.50| 0.6-6 |0.03-0.17| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.20 |0.2 | | | | | | | | | SsB: | | | | | | | | |  Sunapee, very | | | | | | | | |  bouldery-----------| 0-1 | --- |0.10-0.40| 0.2-6 |0.20-0.50| --- | 35-80 | --- | -- | 1-4 | 2-20 |0.80-1.20| 0.6-2 |0.16-0.22| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-8.0 |0.28 |0.2 | 4-23 | 2-20 |0.80-1.30| 0.6-2 |0.07-0.17| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.20 |0.2 | 23-72 | 2-20 |1.20-1.50| 0.6-6 |0.03-0.17| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.20 |0.2 | | | | | | | | | 
Table 16.--Physical Properties of the Soils--Continued _____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | |Erosion f Map symbol | Depth | Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Linear | Organic |__________ and soil name | | | bulk | bility | water |extensi- | matter | |  | | | density | (Ksat) |capacity | bility | | Kw | Kf _____________________|_______|______|_________|_____________|_________|_________|_________|_____|____ | In | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | Pct | Pct | |  | | | | | | | | | SsB: | | | | | | | | |  Berkshire, very | | | | | | | | |  bouldery-----------| 0-7 | 2-27 |1.10-1.15| 0.6-6 |0.06-0.22| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-6.0 |0.20 |0.3 | 7-30 | 2-22 |1.15-1.30| 0.6-6 |0.10-0.20| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-1.0 |0.32 |0.5 | 30-72 | 1-20 |1.30-1.60| 0.6-6 |0.10-0.18| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.0 |0.24 |0.4 | | | | | | | | | Sw: | | | | | | | | |  Swanton-------------| 0-8 | 4-20 |1.00-1.30| 2-6 |0.13-0.25| 0.0-2.9 | 4.0-10 |0.28 |0.2 | 8-26 | 4-20 |1.15-1.45| 2-6 |0.12-0.20| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-1.0 |0.32 |0.3 | 26-72 |27-60 |1.40-1.70|0.0015-0.2 |0.11-0.16| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-0.2 |0.49 |0.4 | | | | | | | | | TdA: | | | | | | | | |  Trout River---------| 0-8 | 1-5 |1.10-1.40| 6-20 |0.03-0.12| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-6.0 |0.20 |0.2 | 8-33 | 0-5 |1.25-1.55| 6-20 |0.02-0.04| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-1.0 |0.15 |0.1 | 33-72 | 0-3 |1.45-1.65| 6-20 |0.01-0.02| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.2 |0.15 |0.1 | | | | | | | | | TdB: | | | | | | | | |  Trout River---------| 0-8 | 1-5 |1.10-1.40| 6-20 |0.03-0.12| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-6.0 |0.20 |0.2 | 8-33 | 0-5 |1.25-1.55| 6-20 |0.02-0.04| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-1.0 |0.15 |0.1 | 33-72 | 0-3 |1.45-1.65| 6-20 |0.01-0.02| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.2 |0.15 |0.1 | | | | | | | | | TfB: | | | | | | | | |  Trout River, very | | | | | | | | |  stony--------------| 0-8 | 1-5 |1.10-1.40| 6-20 |0.03-0.12| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-6.0 |0.20 |0.2 | 8-33 | 0-5 |1.25-1.55| 6-20 |0.02-0.04| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-1.0 |0.15 |0.1 | 33-72 | 0-3 |1.45-1.65| 6-20 |0.01-0.02| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.2 |0.15 |0.1 | | | | | | | | |  Fahey, very stony---| 0-7 | 1-5 |1.10-1.40| 6-20 |0.07-0.13| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-6.0 |0.17 |0.1 | 7-31 | 0-5 |1.25-1.55| 6-20 |0.02-0.05| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.17 |0.2 | 31-72 | 0-3 |1.45-1.65| 6-20 |0.01-0.03| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.17 |0.2 | | | | | | | | | TuD: | | | | | | | | |  Tunbridge-----------| 0-3 | 2-22 |0.80-1.20| 0.6-6 |0.11-0.20| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-8.0 |0.20 |0.2 | 3-19 | 2-22 |1.20-1.40| 0.6-6 |0.10-0.21| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-6.0 |0.20 |0.2 | 19-30 | 2-22 |1.20-1.50| 0.6-6 |0.09-0.15| 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-1.0 |0.20 |0.2 | 30-39 | --- | --- | 0.00-0.0015| --- | --- | --- | --- | -- | | | | | | | | |  Lyman---------------| 0-4 | 2-20 |0.75-1.20| 2-6 |0.13-0.24| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-8.0 |0.20 |0.2 | 4-14 | 2-20 |0.90-1.40| 2-6 |0.08-0.28| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.32 |0.3 | 14-24 | --- | --- | 0.00-0.0015| --- | --- | --- | --- | -- | | | | | | | | | TwC: | | | | | | | | |  Tunbridge, rolling--| 0-3 | 2-22 |0.80-1.20| 0.6-6 |0.11-0.20| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-8.0 |0.20 |0.2 | 3-19 | 2-22 |1.20-1.40| 0.6-6 |0.10-0.21| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-6.0 |0.20 |0.2 | 19-30 | 2-22 |1.20-1.50| 0.6-6 |0.09-0.15| 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-1.0 |0.20 |0.2 | 30-39 | --- | --- | 0.00-0.0015| --- | --- | --- | --- | -- | | | | | | | | | 
Table 16.--Physical Properties of the Soils--Continued _____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | |Erosion f Map symbol | Depth | Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Linear | Organic |__________ and soil name | | | bulk | bility | water |extensi- | matter | |  | | | density | (Ksat) |capacity | bility | | Kw | Kf _____________________|_______|______|_________|_____________|_________|_________|_________|_____|____ | In | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | Pct | Pct | |  | | | | | | | | | TwC: | | | | | | | | |  Lyman, rolling------| 0-4 | 2-20 |0.75-1.20| 2-6 |0.13-0.24| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-8.0 |0.20 |0.2 | 4-14 | 2-20 |0.90-1.40| 2-6 |0.08-0.28| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.32 |0.3 | 14-24 | --- | --- | 0.00-0.0015| --- | --- | --- | --- | -- | | | | | | | | |  Dawson--------------| 0-5 | 0-0 |0.20-0.35| 0.6-6 |0.45-0.55| --- | 65-85 | --- | -- | 5-30 | 0-0 |0.15-0.40| 0.2-6 |0.35-0.45| --- | 65-85 | --- | -- | 30-72 | 0-10 |1.55-1.75| 6-20 |0.03-0.10| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 |0.10 |0.1 | | | | | | | | | Ua: | | | | | | | | |  Udipsamments, | | | | | | | | |  smoothed-----------| 0-6 | 0-10 | --- | 0.2-20 |0.03-0.08| --- | 0.0-6.0 | --- | -- | 6-72 | 0-5 | --- | 6-20 |0.03-0.05| --- | --- | --- | -- | | | | | | | | | Ue: | | | | | | | | |  Udorthents, loamy---| 0-4 | 4-27 |1.20-1.80| 0.06-0.6 |0.06-0.15| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-5.0 |0.37 |0.3 | 4-72 | 4-35 |1.30-1.90| 0.06-0.6 |0.04-0.13| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.32 |0.3 | | | | | | | | | Uf: | | | | | | | | |  Udorthents, clayey--| 0-6 |27-40 |1.00-1.25|0.0015-0.6 |0.16-0.21| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-8.0 |0.49 |0.4 | 6-72 |25-60 |1.15-1.40|0.0015-0.6 |0.12-0.14| 3.0-5.9 | --- |0.28 |0.2 | | | | | | | | | Ug: | | | | | | | | |  Udorthents, mine | | | | | | | | |  waste, acid-------| 0-4 | 4-27 |1.20-1.80|0.0015-20 |0.06-0.15| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-5.0 |0.37 |0.3 | 4-72 | 4-35 |1.30-1.90|0.0015-20 |0.04-0.13| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.32 |0.3 | | | | | | | | | Uh: | | | | | | | | |  Udorthents, mine | | | | | | | | |  waste, nonacid----| 0-4 | 4-27 |1.20-1.80|0.0015-20 |0.06-0.15| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-5.0 |0.37 |0.3 | 4-72 | 4-35 |1.30-1.90|0.0015-20 |0.04-0.13| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.32 |0.3 | | | | | | | | | Un: | | | | | | | | |  Udorthents, refuse | | | | | | | | |  substratum---------| 0-6 | 5-27 |1.20-1.80|0.0015-20 |0.03-0.15| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-4.0 |0.32 |0.3 | 6-72 | --- | --- |0.0015-20 | --- | --- | --- | --- | -- | | | | | | | | | Ur: | | | | | | | | |  Urban land----------| 0-6 | --- | --- | 0.00-0.0015|0.00-0.00| --- | --- | --- | -- | | | | | | | | | W: | | | | | | | | |  Water. | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
Table 16.--Physical Properties of the Soils--Continued _____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | |Erosion f Map symbol | Depth | Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Linear | Organic |__________ and soil name | | | bulk | bility | water |extensi- | matter | |  | | | density | (Ksat) |capacity | bility | | Kw | Kf _____________________|_______|______|_________|_____________|_________|_________|_________|_____|____ | In | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | Pct | Pct | |  | | | | | | | | | WaA: | | | | | | | | |  Waddington----------| 0-8 | 2-20 |0.90-1.20| 0.6-2 |0.08-0.13| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-6.0 |0.17 |0.2 | 8-12 | 2-20 |1.20-1.40| 2-6 |0.07-0.14| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.17 |0.2 | 12-19 | 1-18 |1.30-1.50| 6-101 |0.01-0.08| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.17 |0.2 | 19-72 | 0-10 |1.30-1.50| 6-101 |0.01-0.08| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.17 |0.2 | | | | | | | | | WaB: | | | | | | | | |  Waddington----------| 0-8 | 2-20 |0.90-1.20| 0.6-2 |0.08-0.13| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-6.0 |0.17 |0.2 | 8-12 | 2-20 |1.20-1.40| 2-6 |0.07-0.14| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.17 |0.2 | 12-19 | 1-18 |1.30-1.50| 6-101 |0.01-0.08| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.17 |0.2 | 19-72 | 0-10 |1.30-1.50| 6-101 |0.01-0.08| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.17 |0.2 | | | | | | | | | WaC: | | | | | | | | |  Waddington, rolling-| 0-8 | 2-20 |0.90-1.20| 0.6-2 |0.08-0.13| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-6.0 |0.17 |0.2 | 8-12 | 2-20 |1.20-1.40| 2-6 |0.07-0.14| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.17 |0.2 | 12-19 | 1-18 |1.30-1.50| 6-101 |0.01-0.08| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.17 |0.2 | 19-72 | 0-10 |1.30-1.50| 6-101 |0.01-0.08| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.17 |0.2 | | | | | | | | | WaD: | | | | | | | | |  Waddington----------| 0-8 | 2-20 |0.90-1.20| 0.6-2 |0.08-0.13| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-6.0 |0.17 |0.2 | 8-12 | 2-20 |1.20-1.40| 2-6 |0.07-0.14| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.17 |0.2 | 12-19 | 1-18 |1.30-1.50| 6-101 |0.01-0.08| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.17 |0.2 | 19-72 | 0-10 |1.30-1.50| 6-101 |0.01-0.08| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.17 |0.2 | | | | | | | | | WdB: | | | | | | | | |  Waddington, very | | | | | | | | |  cobbly sandy loam--| 0-8 | 2-20 |0.90-1.20| 0.6-2 |0.08-0.13| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-6.0 |0.17 |0.2 | 8-12 | 2-20 |1.20-1.40| 2-6 |0.07-0.14| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.17 |0.2 | 12-19 | 1-18 |1.30-1.50| 6-101 |0.01-0.08| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.17 |0.2 | 19-72 | 0-10 |1.30-1.50| 6-101 |0.01-0.08| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.17 |0.2 | | | | | | | | | Wg: | | | | | | | | |  Wegatchie-----------| 0-8 | 7-27 |1.00-1.25| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.35| 0.0-2.9 | 4.0-10 |0.49 |0.4 | 8-40 |18-35 |1.20-1.40| 0.2-0.6 |0.15-0.20| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.49 |0.4 | 40-72 |18-35 |1.20-1.55| 0.2-0.6 |0.15-0.20| 0.0-2.9 | --- |0.49 |0.4_____________________|_______|______|_________|_____________|_________|_________|_________|_____|____
632 Soil Survey

 Table 17.--Chemical Properties of the Soils

 (Absence of an entry indicates that data were not estimated.)

______________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Depth | Cation |Effective| Soil | Calcium

 and soil name | |exchange | cation |reaction |carbonate

 | |capacity |exchange | | equiv-

 | | |capacity | | alent

______________________|_______|_________|_________|_________|_________

 | In |meq/100 g|meq/100 g| pH | Pct

 | | | | |

021: | | | | |

 Dawson---------------| 0-5 | --- | 100-200 | 3.5-4.4 | 0

 | 5-30 | --- | 150-230 | 3.5-4.4 | 0

 | 30-72 | 1.0-2.0 | --- | 4.5-6.5 | 0

 | | | | |

 Fluvaquents----------| 0-10 | 40-50 | --- | 4.5-7.3 | 0

 | 10-72 | 3.0-25 | --- | 4.5-8.4 | 0-5

 | | | | |

 Loxley---------------| 0-3 | --- | 50-100 | 2.0-4.4 | 0

 | 3-72 | --- | 50-120 | 2.0-4.4 | 0

 | | | | |

023: | | | | |

 Loxley---------------| 0-3 | --- | 50-100 | 2.0-4.4 | 0

 | 3-72 | --- | 50-120 | 2.0-4.4 | 0

 | | | | |

 Dawson---------------| 0-5 | --- | 100-200 | 3.5-4.4 | 0

 | 5-30 | --- | 150-230 | 3.5-4.4 | 0

 | 30-72 | 1.0-2.0 | --- | 4.5-6.5 | 0

 | | | | |

363A: | | | | |

 Adams----------------| 0-7 | --- | 12-26 | 4.5-6.0 | 0

 | 7-8 | --- | 12-26 | 4.5-6.0 | 0

 | 8-20 | --- | 10-23 | 4.5-6.0 | 0

 | 20-72 | 1.0-5.0 | --- | 4.5-6.5 | 0

 | | | | |

363B: | | | | |

 Adams----------------| 0-7 | --- | 12-26 | 4.5-6.0 | 0

 | 7-8 | --- | 12-26 | 4.5-6.0 | 0

 | 8-20 | --- | 10-23 | 4.5-6.0 | 0

 | 20-72 | 1.0-5.0 | --- | 4.5-6.5 | 0

 | | | | |

363D: | | | | |

 Adams----------------| 0-7 | --- | 12-26 | 4.5-6.0 | 0

 | 7-8 | --- | 12-26 | 4.5-6.0 | 0

 | 8-20 | --- | 10-23 | 4.5-6.0 | 0

 | 20-72 | 1.0-5.0 | --- | 4.5-6.5 | 0

 | | | | |

365: | | | | |

 Naumburg-------------| 0-5 | --- | --- | 3.5-5.5 | 0

 | 5-19 | --- | --- | 3.5-5.5 | 0

 | 19-41 | --- | --- | 3.5-5.5 | 0

 | 41-72 | --- | --- | 4.5-6.5 | 0

 | | | | |

 Croghan--------------| 0-10 | --- | 5.0-20 | 4.5-6.0 | 0

 | 10-44 | --- | 15-40 | 4.5-6.0 | 0

 | 44-72 | --- | 2.0-10 | 4.5-6.0 | 0

 | | | | |

376A: | | | | |

 Colton---------------| 0-6 | --- | 10-25 | 3.6-6.0 | 0

 | 6-20 | --- | 5.0-30 | 3.6-5.5 | 0

 | 20-72 | 1.0-5.0 | --- | 4.5-6.5 | 0

 | | | | |

 Duxbury--------------| 0-7 | --- | 5.0-19 | 3.6-6.5 | 0

 | 7-14 | --- | 5.0-8.0 | 3.6-6.5 | 0

 | 14-24 | 2.0-6.0 | --- | 4.5-6.5 | 0

 | 24-72 | 1.0-2.0 | --- | 4.5-6.5 | 0

 | | | | |
St. Lawrence County, New York 633

 Table 17.--Chemical Properties of the Soils--Continued

______________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Depth | Cation |Effective| Soil | Calcium

 and soil name | |exchange | cation |reaction |carbonate

 | |capacity |exchange | | equiv-

 | | |capacity | | alent

______________________|_______|_________|_________|_________|_________

 | In |meq/100 g|meq/100 g| pH | Pct

 | | | | |

376A: | | | | |

 Adams----------------| 0-7 | --- | 12-26 | 4.5-6.0 | 0

 | 7-8 | --- | 12-26 | 4.5-6.0 | ---

 | 8-20 | --- | 10-23 | 4.5-6.0 | 0

 | 20-72 | 1.0-5.0 | --- | 4.5-6.5 | 0

 | | | | |

376C: | | | | |

Colton----------------| 0-6 | --- | 10-25 | 3.6-6.0 | 0

 | 6-20 | --- | 5.0-30 | 3.6-5.5 | 0

 | 20-72 | 1.0-5.0 | --- | 4.5-6.5 | 0

 | | | | |

 Duxbury--------------| 0-7 | --- | 5.0-19 | 3.6-6.5 | 0

 | 7-14 | --- | 5.0-8.0 | 3.6-6.5 | 0

 | 14-24 | 2.0-6.0 | --- | 4.5-6.5 | 0

 | 24-72 | 1.0-2.0 | --- | 4.5-6.5 | 0

 | | | | |

 Adams----------------| 0-7 | --- | 12-26 | 4.5-6.0 | 0

 | 7-8 | --- | 12-26 | 4.5-6.0 | ---

 | 8-20 | --- | 10-23 | 4.5-6.0 | 0

 | 20-72 | 1.0-5.0 | --- | 4.5-6.5 | 0

 | | | | |

376D: | | | | |

 Colton---------------| 0-6 | --- | 10-25 | 3.6-6.0 | 0

 | 6-20 | --- | 5.0-30 | 3.6-5.5 | 0

 | 20-72 | 1.0-5.0 | --- | 4.5-6.5 | 0

 | | | | |

 Duxbury--------------| 0-7 | --- | 5.0-19 | 3.6-6.5 | 0

 | 7-14 | --- | 5.0-8.0 | 3.6-6.5 | 0

 | 14-24 | 2.0-6.0 | --- | 4.5-6.5 | 0

 | 24-72 | 1.0-2.0 | --- | 4.5-6.5 | 0

 | | | | |

 Adams----------------| 0-7 | --- | 12-26 | 4.5-6.0 | 0

 | 7-8 | --- | 12-26 | 4.5-6.0 | ---

 | 8-20 | --- | 10-23 | 4.5-6.0 | 0

 | 20-72 | 1.0-5.0 | --- | 4.5-6.5 | 0

 | | | | |

380B: | | | | |

 Colton---------------| 0-6 | --- | 10-25 | 3.6-6.0 | 0

 | 6-20 | --- | 5.0-30 | 3.6-5.5 | 0

 | 20-72 | 1.0-5.0 | --- | 4.5-6.5 | 0

 | | | | |

 Duxbury--------------| 0-7 | --- | 5.0-19 | 3.6-6.5 | 0

 | 7-14 | --- | 5.0-8.0 | 3.6-6.5 | 0

 | 14-24 | 2.0-6.0 | --- | 4.5-6.5 | 0

 | 24-72 | 1.0-2.0 | --- | 4.5-6.5 | 0

 | | | | |

 Dawson---------------| 0-5 | --- | 100-200 | 3.5-4.4 | 0

 | 5-30 | --- | 150-230 | 3.5-4.4 | 0

 | 30-72 | 1.0-2.0 | --- | 4.5-6.5 | 0

 | | | | |

380D: | | | | |

 Colton---------------| 0-6 | --- | 10-25 | 3.6-6.0 | 0

 | 6-20 | --- | 5.0-30 | 3.6-5.5 | 0

 | 20-72 | 1.0-5.0 | --- | 4.5-6.5 | 0

 | | | | |

 Duxbury--------------| 0-7 | --- | 5.0-19 | 3.6-6.5 | 0

 | 7-14 | --- | 5.0-8.0 | 3.6-6.5 | 0

 | 14-24 | 2.0-6.0 | --- | 4.5-6.5 | 0

 | 24-72 | 1.0-2.0 | --- | 4.5-6.5 | 0

 | | | | |
634 Soil Survey

Table 17.--Chemical Properties of the Soils--Continued

______________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Depth | Cation |Effective| Soil | Calcium

 and soil name | |exchange | cation |reaction |carbonate

 | |capacity |exchange | | equiv-

 | | |capacity | | alent

______________________|_______|_________|_________|_________|_________

 | In |meq/100 g|meq/100 g| pH | Pct

 | | | | |

380D: | | | | |

 Dawson---------------| 0-5 | --- | 100-200 | 3.5-4.4 | 0

 | 5-30 | --- | 150-230 | 3.5-4.4 | 0

 | 30-72 | 1.0-2.0 | --- | 4.5-6.5 | 0

 | | | | |

643C: | | | | |

 Berkshire, very | | | | |

 bouldery------------| 0-7 | --- | --- | 3.6-6.0 | 0

 | 7-30 | --- | --- | 3.6-6.0 | 0

 | 30-72 | --- | --- | 3.6-6.0 | 0

 | | | | |

643D: | | | | |

 Berkshire, very | | | | |

 bouldery------------| 0-7 | --- | --- | 3.6-6.0 | 0

 | 7-30 | --- | --- | 3.6-6.0 | 0

 | 30-72 | --- | --- | 3.6-6.0 | 0

 | | | | |

644C: | | | | |

 Berkshire, rolling, | | | | |

 very bouldery-------| 0-7 | --- | --- | 3.6-6.0 | 0

 | 7-30 | --- | --- | 3.6-6.0 | 0

 | 30-72 | --- | --- | 3.6-6.0 | 0

 | | | | |

 Lyme, very bouldery--| 0-3 | --- | --- | 4.5-5.5 | 0

 | 3-16 | --- | --- | 4.5-5.5 | 0

 | 16-72 | --- | --- | 4.5-5.5 | 0

 | | | | |

644D: | | | | |

 Berkshire, hilly, | | | | |

 very bouldery-------| 0-7 | --- | --- | 3.6-6.0 | 0

 | 7-30 | --- | --- | 3.6-6.0 | 0

 | 30-72 | --- | --- | 3.6-6.0 | 0

 | | | | |

 Lyme, very bouldery--| 0-3 | --- | --- | 4.5-5.5 | 0

 | 3-16 | --- | --- | 4.5-5.5 | 0

 | 16-72 | --- | --- | 4.5-5.5 | 0

 | | | | |

709B: | | | | |

 Adirondack, very | | | | |

 bouldery------------| 0-2 | --- | --- | 3.5-5.0 | ---

 | 2-3 | --- | --- | 3.5-5.0 | ---

 | 3-8 | --- | 15-40 | 3.5-5.5 | 0

 | 8-22 | --- | 20-60 | 3.5-5.5 | 0

 | 22-72 | 5.0-15 | --- | 5.1-6.0 | 0

 | | | | |

 Tughill, very | | | | |

 bouldery------------| 0-4 | --- | --- | 3.5-5.5 | ---

 | 4-8 | --- | 5.0-25 | 3.5-5.5 | 0

 | 8-40 | --- | 5.0-20 | 3.5-6.0 | 0

 | 40-72 | 2.0-15 | --- | 5.1-6.5 | 0

 | | | | |

 Lyme, very bouldery--| 0-3 | --- | --- | 4.5-5.5 | 0

 | 3-16 | --- | --- | 4.5-5.5 | 0

 | 16-72 | --- | --- | 4.5-5.5 | 0

 | | | | |
St. Lawrence County, New York 635

Table 17.--Chemical Properties of the Soils--Continued

______________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Depth | Cation |Effective| Soil | Calcium

 and soil name | |exchange | cation |reaction |carbonate

 | |capacity |exchange | | equiv-

 | | |capacity | | alent

______________________|_______|_________|_________|_________|_________

 | In |meq/100 g|meq/100 g| pH | Pct

 | | | | |

741C: | | | | |

 Potsdam, very | | | | |

 bouldery------------| 0-3 | --- | --- | 3.5-6.0 | ---

 | 3-6 | --- | --- | 3.5-6.0 | ---

 | 6-9 | --- | 25-40 | 3.6-6.0 | 0

 | 9-22 | --- | 15-40 | 4.5-6.0 | 0

 | 22-34 | 3.0-10 | --- | 4.5-7.3 | 0

 | 34-72 | 2.0-6.0 | --- | 5.1-7.8 | 0

 | | | | |

 Tunbridge, very | | | | |

 bouldery------------| 0-3 | --- | 6.0-12 | 3.5-6.0 | 0

 | 3-19 | --- | 5.0-16 | 3.5-6.0 | 0

 | 19-30 | 1.0-5.0 | --- | 3.5-6.0 | 0

 | 30-39 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |

 Crary, very bouldery-| 0-8 | --- | 30-45 | 4.5-6.0 | 0

 | 8-24 | --- | 30-60 | 4.5-6.0 | 0

 | 24-36 | 5.0-18 | --- | 5.1-7.8 | 0

 | 36-72 | 2.0-15 | --- | 5.1-7.8 | 0

 | | | | |

741D: | | | | |

 Potsdam, very | | | | |

 bouldery------------| 0-3 | --- | --- | 3.5-6.0 | ---

 | 3-6 | --- | --- | 3.5-6.0 | ---

 | 6-9 | --- | 25-40 | 3.6-6.0 | 0

 | 9-22 | --- | 15-40 | 4.5-6.0 | 0

 | 22-34 | 3.0-10 | --- | 4.5-7.3 | 0

 | 34-72 | 2.0-6.0 | --- | 5.1-7.8 | 0

 | | | | |

 Tunbridge, very | | | | |

 bouldery------------| 0-3 | --- | 6.0-12 | 3.5-6.0 | 0

 | 3-19 | --- | 5.0-16 | 3.5-6.0 | 0

 | 19-30 | 1.0-5.0 | --- | 3.5-6.0 | 0

 | 30-39 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |

743C: | | | | |

 Potsdam, very | | | | |

 bouldery------------| 0-3 | --- | --- | 3.5-6.0 | ---

 | 3-6 | --- | --- | 3.5-6.0 | ---

 | 6-9 | --- | 25-40 | 3.6-6.0 | 0

 | 9-22 | --- | 15-40 | 4.5-6.0 | 0

 | 22-34 | 3.0-10 | --- | 4.5-7.3 | 0

 | 34-72 | 2.0-6.0 | --- | 5.1-7.8 | 0

 | | | | |

743D: | | | | |

 Potsdam, very | | | | |

 bouldery------------| 0-3 | --- | --- | 3.5-6.0 | ---

 | 3-6 | --- | --- | 3.5-6.0 | ---

 | 6-9 | --- | 25-40 | 3.6-6.0 | 0

 | 9-22 | --- | 15-40 | 4.5-6.0 | 0

 | 22-34 | 3.0-10 | --- | 4.5-7.3 | 0

 | 34-72 | 2.0-6.0 | --- | 5.1-7.8 | 0

 | | | | |

745C: | | | | |

 Crary, very bouldery-| 0-8 | --- | 30-45 | 4.5-6.0 | 0

 | 8-24 | --- | 30-60 | 4.5-6.0 | 0

 | 24-36 | 5.0-18 | --- | 5.1-7.8 | 0

 | 36-72 | 2.0-15 | --- | 5.1-7.8 | 0

 | | | | |
636 Soil Survey

Table 17.--Chemical Properties of the Soils--Continued

______________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Depth | Cation |Effective| Soil | Calcium

 and soil name | |exchange | cation |reaction |carbonate

 | |capacity |exchange | | equiv-

 | | |capacity | | alent

______________________|_______|_________|_________|_________|_________

 | In |meq/100 g|meq/100 g| pH | Pct

 | | | | |

745C: | | | | |

 Potsdam, very | | | | |

 bouldery------------| 0-3 | --- | --- | 3.5-6.0 | ---

 | 3-6 | --- | --- | 3.5-6.0 | ---

 | 6-9 | --- | 25-40 | 3.6-6.0 | 0

 | 9-22 | --- | 15-40 | 4.5-6.0 | 0

 | 22-34 | 3.0-10 | --- | 4.5-7.3 | 0

 | 34-72 | 2.0-6.0 | --- | 5.1-7.8 | 0

 | | | | |

747B: | | | | |

 Crary, very bouldery-| 0-8 | --- | 30-45 | 4.5-6.0 | 0

 | 8-24 | --- | 30-60 | 4.5-6.0 | 0

 | 24-36 | 5.0-18 | --- | 5.1-7.8 | 0

 | 36-72 | 2.0-15 | --- | 5.1-7.8 | 0

 | | | | |

 Adirondack, very | | | | |

 bouldery------------| 0-2 | --- | --- | 3.5-5.0 | ---

 | 2-3 | --- | --- | 3.5-5.0 | ---

 | 3-8 | --- | 15-40 | 3.5-5.5 | 0

 | 8-22 | --- | 20-60 | 3.5-5.5 | 0

 | 22-72 | 5.0-15 | --- | 5.1-6.0 | 0

 | | | | |

807: | | | | |

 Udorthents, mine | | | | |

 waste---------------| 0-4 | --- | --- | 3.5-5.5 | 0

 | 4-72 | --- | --- | 3.5-5.5 | 0

 | | | | |

831C: | | | | |

 Tunbridge, very | | | | |

 bouldery------------| 0-3 | --- | 6.0-12 | 3.5-6.0 | 0

 | 3-19 | --- | 5.0-16 | 3.5-6.0 | 0

 | 19-30 | 1.0-5.0 | --- | 3.5-6.0 | 0

 | 30-39 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |

 Lyman, very bouldery-| 0-4 | --- | --- | 3.6-6.0 | 0

 | 4-14 | --- | --- | 3.6-6.0 | 0

 | 14-24 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |

831D: | | | | |

 Tunbridge, very | | | | |

 bouldery------------| 0-3 | --- | 6.0-12 | 3.5-6.0 | 0

 | 3-19 | --- | 5.0-16 | 3.5-6.0 | 0

 | 19-30 | 1.0-5.0 | --- | 3.5-6.0 | 0

 | 30-39 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |

 Lyman, very bouldery-| 0-4 | --- | --- | 3.5-6.0 | 0

 | 4-14 | --- | --- | 3.5-6.0 | 0

 | 14-24 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |

831F: | | | | |

 Tunbridge, very | | | | |

 bouldery------------| 0-3 | --- | 6.0-12 | 3.5-6.0 | 0

 | 3-19 | --- | 5.0-16 | 3.5-6.0 | 0

 | 19-30 | 1.0-5.0 | --- | 3.5-6.0 | 0

 | 30-39 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |

 Lyman, very bouldery-| 0-4 | --- | --- | 3.5-6.0 | 0

 | 4-14 | --- | --- | 3.5-6.0 | 0

 | 14-24 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |
St. Lawrence County, New York 637

Table 17.--Chemical Properties of the Soils--Continued

______________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Depth | Cation |Effective| Soil | Calcium

 and soil name | |exchange | cation |reaction |carbonate

 | |capacity |exchange | | equiv-

 | | |capacity | | alent

______________________|_______|_________|_________|_________|_________

 | In |meq/100 g|meq/100 g| pH | Pct

 | | | | |

833C: | | | | |

 Tunbridge, very | | | | |

 bouldery------------| 0-3 | --- | 6.0-12 | 3.5-6.0 | 0

 | 3-19 | --- | 5.0-16 | 3.5-6.0 | 0

 | 19-30 | 1.0-5.0 | --- | 3.5-6.0 | 0

 | 30-39 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |

 Adirondack, very | | | | |

 bouldery------------| 0-2 | --- | --- | 3.5-5.0 | ---

 | 2-3 | --- | --- | 3.5-5.0 | ---

 | 3-8 | --- | 15-40 | 3.5-5.5 | 0

 | 8-22 | --- | 20-60 | 3.5-5.5 | 0

 | 22-72 | 5.0-15 | --- | 5.1-6.0 | 0

 | | | | |

 Lyman, very bouldery-| 0-4 | --- | --- | 3.6-6.0 | 0

 | 4-14 | --- | --- | 3.6-6.0 | 0

 | 14-24 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |

835C: | | | | |

 Tunbridge, very | | | | |

 bouldery------------| 0-3 | --- | 6.0-12 | 3.5-6.0 | 0

 | 3-19 | --- | 5.0-16 | 3.5-6.0 | 0

 | 19-30 | 1.0-5.0 | --- | 3.5-6.0 | 0

 | 30-39 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |

 Borosaprists---------| 0-30 | 90-160 | --- | 3.5-4.5 | 0

 | 30-72 | --- | 4.0-17 | 4.5-6.5 | 0

 | | | | |

 Ricker, very | | | | |

 bouldery------------| 0-1 | --- | --- | 3.5-4.4 | 0

 | 1-3 | --- | --- | 3.5-4.4 | 0

 | 3-4 | --- | --- | 3.5-5.0 | 0

 | 4-14 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |

861C: | | | | |

 Lyman----------------| 0-4 | --- | --- | 3.5-6.0 | 0

 | 4-14 | --- | --- | 3.5-6.0 | 0

 | 14-24 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |

 Ricker, very | | | | |

 bouldery------------| 0-1 | --- | --- | 3.5-4.4 | 0

 | 1-3 | --- | --- | 3.5-4.4 | 0

 | 3-4 | --- | --- | 3.5-5.0 | 0

 | 4-14 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |

 Rock outcrop, very | | | | |

 bouldery------------| 0-8 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |

861D: | | | | |

 Lyman, very bouldery-| 0-4 | --- | --- | 3.5-6.0 | 0

 | 4-14 | --- | --- | 3.5-6.0 | 0

 | 14-24 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |

 Ricker, very | | | | |

 bouldery------------| 0-1 | --- | --- | 3.5-4.4 | 0

 | 1-3 | --- | --- | 3.5-4.4 | 0

 | 3-4 | --- | --- | 3.5-5.0 | 0

 | 4-14 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |

 Rock outcrop---------| 0-8 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |
638 Soil Survey

Table 17.--Chemical Properties of the Soils--Continued

______________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Depth | Cation |Effective| Soil | Calcium

 and soil name | |exchange | cation |reaction |carbonate

 | |capacity |exchange | | equiv-

 | | |capacity | | alent

______________________|_______|_________|_________|_________|_________

 | In |meq/100 g|meq/100 g| pH | Pct

 | | | | |

861F: | | | | |

 Lyman, very bouldery-| 0-4 | --- | --- | 3.5-6.0 | 0

 | 4-14 | --- | --- | 3.5-6.0 | 0

 | 14-24 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |

 Ricker, very | | | | |

 bouldery------------| 0-1 | --- | --- | 3.5-4.4 | 0

 | 1-3 | --- | --- | 3.5-4.4 | 0

 | 3-4 | --- | --- | 3.5-5.0 | 0

 | 4-14 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |

 Rock outcrop---------| 0-8 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |

891F: | | | | |

 Rock outcrop---------| 0-8 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |

 Ricker, very | | | | |

 bouldery------------| 0-1 | --- | --- | 3.5-4.4 | 0

 | 1-3 | --- | --- | 3.5-4.4 | 0

 | 3-4 | --- | --- | 3.5-5.0 | 0

 | 4-14 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |

 Lyman, very bouldery-| 0-4 | --- | --- | 3.5-6.0 | 0

 | 4-14 | --- | --- | 3.5-6.0 | 0

 | 14-24 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |

AaB: | | | | |

 Adams, sand----------| 0-7 | --- | 12-26 | 4.5-6.0 | 0

 | 7-8 | --- | 12-26 | 4.5-6.0 | 0

 | 8-20 | --- | 10-23 | 4.5-6.0 | 0

 | 20-72 | 1.0-5.0 | --- | 4.5-6.5 | 0

 | | | | |

AaC: | | | | |

 Adams, sand----------| 0-7 | --- | 12-26 | 4.5-6.0 | 0

 | 7-8 | --- | 12-26 | 4.5-6.0 | 0

 | 8-20 | --- | 10-23 | 4.5-6.0 | 0

 | 20-72 | 1.0-5.0 | --- | 4.5-6.5 | 0

 | | | | |

AaD: | | | | |

 Adams, sand----------| 0-7 | --- | 12-26 | 4.5-6.0 | 0

 | 7-8 | --- | 12-26 | 4.5-6.0 | 0

 | 8-20 | --- | 10-23 | 4.5-6.0 | 0

 | 20-72 | 1.0-5.0 | --- | 4.5-6.5 | 0

 | | | | |

AdB: | | | | |

 Adams, loamy fine | | | | |

 sand----------------| 0-7 | --- | 12-26 | 4.5-6.0 | 0

 | 7-8 | --- | 12-26 | 4.5-6.0 | 0

 | 8-20 | --- | 10-23 | 4.5-6.0 | 0

 | 20-72 | 1.0-5.0 | --- | 4.5-6.5 | 0

 | | | | |

AdC: | | | | |

 Adams, loamy fine | | | | |

 sand----------------| 0-7 | --- | 12-26 | 4.5-6.0 | 0

 | 7-8 | --- | 12-26 | 4.5-6.0 | 0

 | 8-20 | --- | 10-23 | 4.5-6.0 | 0

 | 20-72 | 1.0-5.0 | --- | 4.5-6.5 | 0

 | | | | |
St. Lawrence County, New York 639

Table 17.--Chemical Properties of the Soils--Continued

______________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Depth | Cation |Effective| Soil | Calcium

 and soil name | |exchange | cation |reaction |carbonate

 | |capacity |exchange | | equiv-

 | | |capacity | | alent

______________________|_______|_________|_________|_________|_________

 | In |meq/100 g|meq/100 g| pH | Pct

 | | | | |

Ak: | | | | |

 Adjidaumo, silty | | | | |

 clay----------------| 0-8 | --- | --- | 6.1-7.3 | 0

 | 8-27 | --- | --- | 6.6-7.8 | 0-2

 | 27-72 | --- | --- | 7.4-8.4 | 0-5

 | | | | |

Am: | | | | |

 Adjidaumo, mucky | | | | |

 silty clay----------| 0-8 | --- | --- | 6.1-7.3 | 0

 | 8-27 | --- | --- | 6.6-7.8 | 0-2

 | 27-72 | --- | --- | 7.4-8.4 | 0-5

Ao: | | | | |

 Adjidaumo, flooded---| 0-8 | --- | --- | 6.1-7.3 | 0

 | 8-27 | --- | --- | 6.6-7.8 | 0-2

 | 27-72 | --- | --- | 7.4-8.4 | 0-5

 | | | | |

Ap: | | | | |

 Adjidaumo, silty | | | | |

 clay, rocky---------| 0-8 | --- | --- | 6.1-7.3 | 0

 | 8-27 | --- | --- | 6.6-7.8 | 0-2

 | 27-72 | --- | --- | 7.4-8.4 | 0-5

 | | | | |

ArC: | | | | |

 Adjidaumo------------| 0-8 | --- | --- | 6.1-7.3 | 0

 | 8-27 | --- | --- | 6.6-7.8 | 0-2

 | 27-72 | --- | --- | 7.4-8.4 | 0-5

 | | | | |

 Summerville----------| 0-6 | 5.0-15 | --- | 6.1-7.8 | 0

 | 6-12 | 2.0-15 | --- | 6.1-8.4 | 0-10

 | 12-22 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |

BeB: | | | | |

 Berkshire------------| 0-7 | --- | --- | 3.6-6.0 | 0

 | 7-30 | --- | --- | 3.6-6.0 | 0

 | 30-72 | --- | --- | 3.6-6.0 | 0

 | | | | |

BgC: | | | | |

 Berkshire, very | | | | |

 bouldery------------| 0-7 | --- | --- | 3.6-6.0 | 0

 | 7-30 | --- | --- | 3.6-6.0 | 0

 | 30-72 | --- | --- | 3.6-6.0 | 0

 | | | | |

 Lyme, very bouldery--| 0-3 | --- | --- | 4.5-5.5 | 0

 | 3-16 | --- | --- | 4.5-5.5 | 0

 | 16-72 | --- | --- | 4.5-5.5 | 0

 | | | | |

BkC: | | | | |

 Berkshire, very | | | | |

 bouldery------------| 0-7 | --- | --- | 3.6-6.0 | 0

 | 7-30 | --- | --- | 3.6-6.0 | 0

 | 30-72 | --- | --- | 3.6-6.0 | 0

 | | | | |

 Sunapee, very | | | | |

 bouldery------------| 0-1 | --- | --- | 3.6-5.5 | 0

 | 1-4 | --- | --- | 3.6-5.5 | 0

 | 4-23 | --- | --- | 3.6-5.5 | 0

 | 23-72 | --- | --- | 3.6-6.0 | 0

 | | | | |

Bo: | | | | |

 Borosaprists---------| 0-30 | 90-160 | --- | 3.8-4.5 | 0

 | 30-72 | --- | 4.0-17 | 4.5-6.5 | 0

 | | | | |
640 Soil Survey

Table 17.--Chemical Properties of the Soils--Continued

______________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Depth | Cation |Effective| Soil | Calcium

 and soil name | |exchange | cation |reaction |carbonate

 | |capacity |exchange | | equiv-

 | | |capacity | | alent

______________________|_______|_________|_________|_________|_________

 | In |meq/100 g|meq/100 g| pH | Pct

 | | | | |

Bo: | | | | |

 Fluvaquents----------| 0-10 | 40-50 | --- | 4.5-7.3 | 0

 | 10-72 | 3.0-25 | --- | 4.5-8.4 | 0-5

 | | | | |

Ce: | | | | |

 Carbondale, | | | | |

 undrained-----------| 0-12 | 150-230 | --- | 5.6-7.8 | 0

 | 12-40 | 150-230 | --- | 5.6-7.8 | 0

 | 40-99 | 150-200 | --- | 5.6-7.8 | 0

 | | | | |

CgB: | | | | |

 Colton---------------| 0-6 | --- | 10-25 | 3.6-6.0 | 0

 | 6-20 | --- | 5.0-30 | 3.6-5.5 | 0

 | 20-72 | 1.0-5.0 | --- | 4.5-6.5 | 0

 | | | | |

 Duxbury--------------| 0-7 | --- | 5.0-19 | 3.6-6.5 | 0

 | 7-14 | --- | 5.0-8.0 | 3.6-6.5 | 0

 | 14-24 | 2.0-6.0 | --- | 4.5-6.5 | 0

 | 24-72 | 1.0-2.0 | --- | 4.5-6.5 | 0

 | | | | |

CgC: | | | | |

 Colton---------------| 0-6 | --- | 10-25 | 3.6-6.0 | 0

 | 6-20 | --- | 5.0-30 | 3.6-5.5 | 0

 | 20-72 | 1.0-5.0 | --- | 4.5-6.5 | 0

 | | | | |

 Duxbury--------------| 0-7 | --- | 5.0-19 | 3.6-6.5 | 0

 | 7-14 | --- | 5.0-8.0 | 3.6-6.5 | 0

 | 14-24 | 2.0-6.0 | --- | 4.5-6.5 | 0

 | 24-72 | 1.0-2.0 | --- | 4.5-6.5 | 0

 | | | | |

CgD: | | | | |

 Colton---------------| 0-6 | --- | 10-25 | 3.6-6.0 | 0

 | 6-20 | --- | 5.0-30 | 3.6-5.5 | 0

 | 20-72 | 1.0-5.0 | --- | 4.5-6.5 | 0

 | | | | |

 Duxbury--------------| 0-7 | --- | 5.0-19 | 3.6-6.5 | 0

 | 7-14 | --- | 5.0-8.0 | 3.6-6.5 | 0

 | 14-24 | 2.0-6.0 | --- | 4.5-6.5 | 0

 | 24-72 | 1.0-2.0 | --- | 4.5-6.5 | 0

 | | | | |

Ck: | | | | |

 Cook-----------------| 0-7 | 10-45 | --- | 5.1-7.3 | 0

 | 7-39 | 10-25 | --- | 5.6-7.3 | 0

 | 39-72 | 10-25 | --- | 6.6-8.4 | 0-5

 | | | | |

Cn: | | | | |

 Cornish--------------| 0-8 | 4.0-11 | --- | 4.5-6.5 | 0

 | 8-21 | 1.0-4.0 | --- | 4.5-6.5 | 0

 | 21-46 | 1.0-2.0 | --- | 4.5-6.5 | 0

 | 46-72 | 1.0-2.0 | --- | 4.5-6.5 | 0

 | | | | |

Cp: | | | | |

 Coveytown------------| 0-1 | --- | --- | 5.1-6.5 | 0

 | 1-5 | 5.0-25 | --- | 5.1-6.5 | 0

 | 5-38 | 5.0-15 | --- | 5.1-7.3 | 0

 | 38-72 | 2.0-12 | --- | 6.1-8.4 | 0-5

 | | | | |
St. Lawrence County, New York 641

Table 17.--Chemical Properties of the Soils--Continued

______________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Depth | Cation |Effective| Soil | Calcium

 and soil name | |exchange | cation |reaction |carbonate

 | |capacity |exchange | | equiv-

 | | |capacity | | alent

______________________|_______|_________|_________|_________|_________

 | In |meq/100 g|meq/100 g| pH | Pct

 | | | | |

Cr: | | | | |

 Covington, very | | | | |

 stony---------------| 0-1 | --- | --- | 5.1-6.5 | 0

 | 1-5 | 5.0-25 | --- | 5.1-6.5 | 0

 | 5-38 | 5.0-15 | --- | 5.1-7.3 | 0

 | 38-72 | 2.0-12 | --- | 6.1-8.4 | 0-5

 | | | | |

 Cook, very stony-----| 0-7 | 10-45 | --- | 5.1-7.3 | 0

 | 7-39 | 10-25 | --- | 5.6-7.3 | 0

 | 39-72 | 10-25 | --- | 6.6-8.4 | 0-5

CsB: | | | | |

 Crary----------------| 0-8 | --- | 30-45 | 4.5-6.0 | 0

 | 8-24 | --- | 30-60 | 4.5-6.0 | 0

 | 24-36 | 5.0-18 | --- | 5.1-7.8 | 0

 | 36-72 | 2.0-15 | --- | 5.1-7.8 | 0

 | | | | |

CtB: | | | | |

 Crary, very bouldery-| 0-8 | --- | 30-45 | 4.5-6.0 | 0

 | 8-24 | --- | 30-60 | 4.5-6.0 | 0

 | 24-36 | 5.0-18 | --- | 5.1-7.8 | 0

 | 36-72 | 2.0-15 | --- | 5.1-7.8 | 0

 | | | | |

 Potsdam, very | | | | |

 bouldery------------| 0-3 | --- | --- | 3.5-6.0 | ---

 | 3-6 | --- | --- | 3.5-6.0 | ---

 | 6-9 | --- | 25-40 | 3.6-6.0 | 0

 | 9-22 | --- | 15-40 | 4.5-6.0 | 0

 | 22-34 | 3.0-10 | --- | 4.5-7.3 | 0

 | 34-72 | 2.0-6.0 | --- | 5.1-7.8 | 0

 | | | | |

CuB: | | | | |

 Croghan, sand--------| 0-10 | --- | 5.0-20 | 3.6-6.0 | 0

 | 10-44 | --- | 15-40 | 4.5-6.0 | 0

 | 44-72 | --- | 2.0-10 | 4.5-6.0 | 0

 | | | | |

CvA: | | | | |

 Croghan, loamy fine | | | | |

 sand----------------| 0-10 | --- | 5.0-20 | 4.5-6.0 | 0

 | 10-44 | --- | 15-40 | 4.5-6.0 | 0

 | 44-72 | --- | 2.0-10 | 4.5-6.0 | 0

 | | | | |

CvB: | | | | |

 Croghan, loamy fine | | | | |

 sand----------------| 0-10 | --- | 5.0-20 | 4.5-6.0 | 0

 | 10-44 | --- | 15-40 | 4.5-6.0 | 0

 | 44-72 | --- | 2.0-10 | 4.5-6.0 | 0

 | | | | |

Da: | | | | |

 Dawson---------------| 0-5 | --- | 100-200 | 3.5-4.4 | 0

 | 5-30 | --- | 150-230 | 3.5-4.4 | 0

 | 30-72 | 1.0-2.0 | --- | 4.5-6.5 | 0

 | | | | |

DAM: | | | | |

 Large dams. | | | | |

 | | | | |

Dd: | | | | |

 Deford, loamy fine | | | | |

 sand----------------| 0-8 | 10-25 | --- | 5.6-7.8 | 0-1

 | 8-24 | 10-25 | --- | 5.6-7.8 | 0-2

 | 24-72 | 1.0-5.0 | --- | 6.6-8.4 | 0-5

 | | | | |
642 Soil Survey

Table 17.--Chemical Properties of the Soils--Continued

______________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Depth | Cation |Effective| Soil | Calcium

 and soil name | |exchange | cation |reaction |carbonate

 | |capacity |exchange | | equiv-

 | | |capacity | | alent

______________________|_______|_________|_________|_________|_________

 | In |meq/100 g|meq/100 g| pH | Pct

 | | | | |

Df: | | | | |

 Deford, mucky loamy | | | | |

 fine sand-----------| 0-8 | 10-25 | --- | 5.6-7.8 | 0-1

 | 8-24 | 10-25 | --- | 5.6-7.8 | 0-2

 | 24-72 | 1.0-5.0 | --- | 6.6-8.4 | 0-5

 | | | | |

DpA: | | | | |

 Depeyster------------| 0-10 | 10-25 | --- | 5.1-7.3 | 0

 | 10-27 | 5.0-20 | --- | 6.1-7.8 | 0-2

 | 27-72 | 2.0-12 | --- | 6.6-8.4 | 0-5

 | | | | |

DpB: | | | | |

 Depeyster------------| 0-10 | 10-25 | --- | 5.1-7.3 | 0

 | 10-27 | 5.0-20 | --- | 6.1-7.8 | 0-2

 | 27-72 | 2.0-12 | --- | 6.6-8.4 | 0-5

 | | | | |

DpC: | | | | |

 Depeyster------------| 0-10 | 10-25 | --- | 5.1-7.3 | 0

 | 10-27 | 5.0-20 | --- | 6.1-7.8 | 0-2

 | 27-72 | 2.0-12 | --- | 6.6-8.4 | 0-5

 | | | | |

Dr: | | | | |

 Dorval---------------| 0-31 | 100-160 | --- | 5.1-7.8 | 0

 | 31-72 | 18-30 | --- | 6.1-8.4 | 0

 | | | | |

Du: | | | | |

 Dune land------------| 0-6 | 0.0-1.0 | --- | 4.5-6.0 | 0

 | 6-72 | 0.0-1.0 | --- | 4.5-6.0 | 0

 | | | | |

EeB: | | | | |

 Eelweir--------------| 0-10 | --- | --- | 5.1-6.5 | 0

 | 10-29 | --- | --- | 5.6-7.3 | 0

 | 29-35 | --- | --- | 5.6-7.8 | 0

 | 35-72 | --- | --- | 5.6-7.8 | 0-2

 | | | | |

EmA: | | | | |

 Elmwood--------------| 0-6 | --- | 5.0-12 | 4.5-6.5 | 0

 | 6-25 | 4.0-18 | --- | 4.5-6.5 | 0

 | 25-72 | 3.0-15 | --- | 5.6-7.8 | 0-5

 | | | | |

EmB: | | | | |

 Elmwood--------------| 0-6 | --- | 5.0-12 | 4.5-6.5 | 0

 | 6-25 | 4.0-18 | --- | 4.5-6.5 | 0

 | 25-72 | 3.0-15 | --- | 5.6-7.8 | 0-5

 | | | | |

Fa: | | | | |

 Fahey----------------| 0-7 | --- | 10-35 | 4.5-6.0 | 0

 | 7-31 | 10-35 | --- | 5.6-7.3 | 0

 | 31-72 | 5.0-20 | --- | 5.6-8.4 | 0-2

 | | | | |

FkA: | | | | |

 Flackville-----------| 0-9 | --- | --- | 5.1-6.5 | 0

 | 9-29 | --- | --- | 5.1-7.3 | 0

 | 29-72 | --- | --- | 6.6-8.4 | 0-5

 | | | | |

FkB: | | | | |

 Flackville-----------| 0-9 | --- | --- | 5.1-6.5 | 0

 | 9-29 | --- | --- | 5.1-7.3 | 0

 | 29-72 | --- | --- | 6.6-8.4 | 0-5

 | | | | |
St. Lawrence County, New York 643

Table 17.--Chemical Properties of the Soils--Continued

______________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Depth | Cation |Effective| Soil | Calcium

 and soil name | |exchange | cation |reaction |carbonate

 | |capacity |exchange | | equiv-

 | | |capacity | | alent

______________________|_______|_________|_________|_________|_________

 | In |meq/100 g|meq/100 g| pH | Pct

 | | | | |

Fu: | | | | |

 Fluvaquents, | | | | |

 frequently flooded--| 0-10 | 40-50 | --- | 4.5-7.3 | 0

 | 10-72 | 3.0-25 | --- | 4.5-8.4 | 0-5

 | | | | |

 Udifluvents, | | | | |

 frequently flooded--| 0-4 | --- | --- | 4.5-7.3 | 0

 | 4-72 | --- | --- | 4.5-8.4 | 0-5

 | | | | |

GrB: | | | | |

 Grenville------------| 0-5 | --- | --- | 5.1-6.5 | 0

 | 5-37 | --- | --- | 5.6-7.3 | 0

 | 37-72 | --- | --- | 7.4-8.4 | 3-10

 | | | | |

GrC: | | | | |

 Grenville------------| 0-5 | --- | --- | 5.1-6.5 | 0

 | 5-37 | --- | --- | 5.6-7.3 | 0

 | 37-72 | --- | --- | 7.4-8.4 | 3-10

 | | | | |

GsD: | | | | |

 Grenville, very | | | | |

 stony---------------| 0-5 | --- | --- | 5.1-6.5 | 0

 | 5-37 | --- | --- | 5.6-7.3 | 0

 | 37-72 | --- | --- | 7.4-8.4 | 3-10

 | | | | |

Gu: | | | | |

 Guff-----------------| 0-9 | --- | --- | 5.6-7.3 | 0

 | 9-39 | --- | --- | 6.6-8.4 | 0-5

 | 39-49 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |

HaA: | | | | |

 Hailesboro-----------| 0-7 | 8.0-12 | --- | 5.6-7.3 | 0

 | 7-24 | 5.0-13 | --- | 6.1-7.8 | 0-1

 | 24-44 | 5.0-13 | --- | 6.6-8.4 | 0-5

 | 44-72 | 5.0-10 | --- | 6.6-8.4 | 0-10

 | | | | |

HaB: | | | | |

 Hailesboro-----------| 0-7 | 8.0-12 | --- | 5.6-7.3 | 0

 | 7-24 | 5.0-13 | --- | 6.1-7.8 | 0-1

 | 24-44 | 5.0-13 | --- | 6.6-8.4 | 0-5

 | 44-72 | 5.0-10 | --- | 6.6-8.4 | 0-10

 | | | | |

Hc: | | | | |

 Hannawa--------------| 0-8 | --- | --- | 6.1-7.3 | 0

 | 8-19 | --- | --- | 6.6-7.8 | 0-5

 | 19-27 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |

HeB: | | | | |

 Heuvelton------------| 0-7 | --- | --- | 5.1-7.3 | 0

 | 7-11 | --- | --- | 5.1-7.3 | 0

 | 11-22 | --- | --- | 5.6-7.8 | 0-3

 | 22-72 | --- | --- | 6.6-8.4 | 3-10

 | | | | |

HeC: | | | | |

 Heuvelton, rolling---| 0-7 | --- | --- | 5.1-7.3 | 0

 | 7-11 | --- | --- | 5.1-7.3 | 0

 | 11-22 | --- | --- | 5.6-7.8 | 0-3

 | 22-72 | --- | --- | 6.6-8.4 | 3-10

 | | | | |
644 Soil Survey

Table 17.--Chemical Properties of the Soils--Continued

______________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Depth | Cation |Effective| Soil | Calcium

 and soil name | |exchange | cation |reaction |carbonate

 | |capacity |exchange | | equiv-

 | | |capacity | | alent

______________________|_______|_________|_________|_________|_________

 | In |meq/100 g|meq/100 g| pH | Pct

 | | | | |

HkE: | | | | |

 Heuvelton------------| 0-7 | --- | --- | 5.1-7.3 | 0

 | 7-11 | --- | --- | 5.1-7.3 | 0

 | 11-22 | --- | --- | 5.6-7.8 | 0-3

 | 22-72 | --- | --- | 6.6-8.4 | 3-10

 | | | | |

 Depeyster------------| 0-10 | 10-25 | --- | 5.1-7.3 | 0

 | 10-27 | 5.0-20 | --- | 6.1-7.8 | 0-2

 | 27-72 | 2.0-12 | --- | 6.6-8.4 | 0-5

 | | | | |

HnA: | | | | |

 Hogansburg-----------| 0-10 | 17-25 | --- | 5.1-7.3 | 0

 | 10-25 | 10-20 | --- | 5.1-7.8 | 0-3

 | 25-72 | 8.0-25 | --- | 7.4-8.4 | 3-10

 | | | | |

HnB: | | | | |

 Hogansburg-----------| 0-10 | 17-25 | --- | 5.1-7.3 | 0

 | 10-25 | 10-20 | --- | 5.1-7.8 | 0-3

 | 25-72 | 8.0-25 | --- | 7.4-8.4 | 3-10

 | | | | |

HrB: | | | | |

 Hogansburg, very | | | | |

 stony---------------| 0-10 | 17-25 | --- | 5.1-7.3 | 0

 | 10-25 | 10-20 | --- | 5.1-7.8 | 0-3

 | 25-72 | 8.0-25 | --- | 7.4-8.4 | 3-10

 | | | | |

Grenville, very | | | | |

 stony---------------| 0-5 | --- | --- | 5.1-6.5 | 0

 | 5-37 | --- | --- | 5.6-7.3 | 0

 | 37-72 | --- | --- | 7.4-8.4 | 3-10

 | | | | |

IaB: | | | | |

 Insula---------------| 0-1 | --- | --- | 4.5-6.5 | 0

 | 1-3 | --- | --- | 4.5-6.5 | 0

 | 3-16 | --- | --- | 4.5-6.5 | 0

 | 16-25 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |

InB: | | | | |

 Insula---------------| 0-1 | --- | --- | 4.5-6.5 | 0

 | 1-3 | --- | --- | 4.5-6.5 | 0

 | 3-16 | --- | --- | 4.5-6.5 | 0

 | 16-25 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |

IrC: | | | | |

 Insula, rolling------| 0-1 | --- | --- | 4.5-6.5 | 0

 | 1-3 | --- | --- | 4.5-6.5 | 0

 | 3-16 | --- | --- | 4.5-6.5 | 0

 | 16-25 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |

 Rock outcrop---------| 0-72 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |

IrD: | | | | |

 Insula, hilly--------| 0-1 | --- | --- | 4.5-6.5 | 0

 | 1-3 | --- | --- | 4.5-6.5 | 0

 | 3-16 | --- | --- | 4.5-6.5 | 0

 | 16-25 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |

 Rock outcrop---------| 0-60 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |
St. Lawrence County, New York 645

Table 17.--Chemical Properties of the Soils--Continued

______________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Depth | Cation |Effective| Soil | Calcium

 and soil name | |exchange | cation |reaction |carbonate

 | |capacity |exchange | | equiv-

 | | |capacity | | alent

______________________|_______|_________|_________|_________|_________

 | In |meq/100 g|meq/100 g| pH | Pct

 | | | | |

KaA: | | | | |

 Kalurah--------------| 0-11 | 17-25 | --- | 5.6-7.3 | 0

 | 11-47 | 5.0-11 | --- | 6.1-7.3 | 0-1

 | 47-72 | 10-25 | --- | 6.6-8.4 | 0-5

 | | | | |

KaB: | | | | |

 Kalurah--------------| 0-11 | 17-25 | --- | 5.6-7.3 | 0

 | 11-47 | 5.0-11 | --- | 6.1-7.3 | 0-1

 | 47-72 | 10-25 | --- | 6.6-8.4 | 0-5

 | | | | |

KbB: | | | | |

 Kalurah, very stony--| 0-11 | 17-25 | --- | 5.6-7.3 | 0

 | 11-47 | 5.0-11 | --- | 6.1-7.3 | 0-1

 | 47-72 | 10-25 | --- | 6.6-8.4 | 0-5

 | | | | |

 Pyrities, very stony-| 0-8 | 17-25 | --- | 5.6-7.3 | 0

 | 8-40 | 10-20 | --- | 6.1-7.8 | 0-1

 | 40-72 | 10-25 | --- | 6.1-8.4 | 0-5

 | | | | |

Lc: | | | | |

 Lovewell-------------| 0-14 | 4.0-11 | --- | 4.5-6.5 | 0

 | 14-29 | 1.0-5.0 | --- | 4.5-6.5 | 0

 | 29-72 | 1.0-3.0 | --- | 4.5-6.5 | 0

 | | | | |

Ld: | | | | |

 Loxley---------------| 0-3 | --- | 50-100 | 2.0-4.4 | 0

 | 3-72 | --- | 50-120 | 2.0-4.4 | 0

 | | | | |

LeC: | | | | |

 Lyman----------------| 0-4 | --- | --- | 3.6-6.0 | 0

 | 4-14 | --- | --- | 3.6-6.0 | 0

 | 14-24 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |

 Rock outcrop---------| 0-60 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |

LeD: | | | | |

 Lyman, very bouldery-| 0-4 | --- | --- | 3.6-6.0 | 0

 | 4-14 | --- | --- | 3.6-6.0 | 0

 | 14-24 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |

 Rock outcrop---------| 0-60 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |

Lt: | | | | |

 Lyme, very bouldery--| 0-3 | --- | --- | 4.5-5.5 | 0

 | 3-16 | --- | --- | 4.5-5.5 | 0

 | 16-72 | --- | --- | 4.5-5.5 | 0

 | | | | |

 Tughill, very | | | | |

 bouldery------------| 0-4 | --- | --- | 3.5-5.5 | 0

 | 4-8 | --- | 5.0-25 | 3.5-5.5 | 0

 | 8-40 | --- | 5.0-20 | 3.5-6.0 | 0

 | 40-72 | 2.0-15 | --- | 5.6-6.5 | 0

 | | | | |

MaA: | | | | |

 Malone---------------| 0-10 | 10-25 | --- | 5.6-6.5 | 0

 | 10-25 | 15-40 | --- | 6.1-7.3 | 0-1

 | 25-72 | 15-40 | --- | 6.6-8.4 | 1-10

 | | | | |
646 Soil Survey

Table 17.--Chemical Properties of the Soils--Continued

______________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Depth | Cation |Effective| Soil | Calcium

 and soil name | |exchange | cation |reaction |carbonate

 | |capacity |exchange | | equiv-

 | | |capacity | | alent

______________________|_______|_________|_________|_________|_________

 | In |meq/100 g|meq/100 g| pH | Pct

 | | | | |

MaB: | | | | |

 Malone---------------| 0-10 | 10-25 | --- | 5.6-6.5 | 0

 | 10-25 | 15-40 | --- | 6.1-7.3 | 0-1

 | 25-72 | 15-40 | --- | 6.6-8.4 | 1-10

 | | | | |

MbB: | | | | |

 Malone, very stony---| 0-10 | 10-25 | --- | 5.6-6.5 | 0

 | 10-25 | 15-40 | --- | 6.1-7.3 | 0-1

 | 25-72 | 15-40 | --- | 6.6-8.4 | 1-10

 | | | | |

MdB: | | | | |

 Malone, undulating---| 0-10 | 10-25 | --- | 5.6-6.5 | 0

 | 10-25 | 15-40 | --- | 6.1-7.3 | 0-1

 | 25-72 | 15-40 | --- | 6.6-8.4 | 1-10

 | | | | |

 Adjidaumo------------| 0-8 | --- | --- | 6.1-7.3 | 0

 | 8-27 | --- | --- | 6.6-7.8 | 0-2

 | 27-72 | --- | --- | 7.4-8.4 | 0-5

 | | | | |

MeB: | | | | |

 Malone, very stony---| 0-10 | 10-25 | --- | 5.6-6.5 | 0

 | 10-25 | 15-40 | --- | 6.1-7.3 | 0-1

 | 25-72 | 15-40 | --- | 6.6-8.4 | 1-10

 | | | | |

 Adjidaumo------------| 0-8 | --- | --- | 6.1-7.3 | 0

 | 8-27 | --- | --- | 6.6-7.8 | 0-2

 | 27-72 | --- | --- | 7.4-8.4 | 0-5

 | | | | |

MfA: | | | | |

 Matoon---------------| 0-8 | --- | --- | 6.1-7.3 | 0

 | 8-12 | --- | --- | 6.6-7.8 | 0-2

 | 12-27 | --- | --- | 6.6-7.8 | 0-10

 | 27-37 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |

MfB: | | | | |

 Matoon---------------| 0-8 | --- | --- | 6.1-7.3 | 0

 | 8-12 | --- | --- | 6.6-7.8 | 0-2

 | 12-27 | --- | --- | 6.6-7.8 | 0-10

 | 27-37 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |

Mh: | | | | |

 Mino-----------------| 0-10 | --- | --- | 5.1-6.5 | 0

 | 10-32 | --- | --- | 5.6-7.3 | 0

 | 32-72 | --- | --- | 6.1-8.4 | 0-5

 | | | | |

Mn: | | | | |

 Munuscong------------| 0-8 | 5.0-15 | --- | 6.1-7.8 | 0

 | 8-26 | 2.0-10 | --- | 6.1-7.8 | 0-5

 | 26-98 | 10-30 | --- | 7.4-8.4 | 5-10

 | | | | |

MsA: | | | | |

 Muskellunge----------| 0-12 | --- | --- | 5.1-7.3 | 0

 | 12-37 | --- | --- | 5.1-7.8 | 0-5

 | 37-72 | --- | --- | 6.6-8.4 | 3-10

 | | | | |

MsB: | | | | |

 Muskellunge----------| 0-12 | --- | --- | 5.1-7.3 | 0

 | 12-37 | --- | --- | 5.1-7.8 | 0-5

 | 37-72 | --- | --- | 6.6-8.4 | 3-10

 | | | | |
St. Lawrence County, New York 647

Table 17.--Chemical Properties of the Soils--Continued

______________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Depth | Cation |Effective| Soil | Calcium

 and soil name | |exchange | cation |reaction |carbonate

 | |capacity |exchange | | equiv-

 | | |capacity | | alent

______________________|_______|_________|_________|_________|_________

 | In |meq/100 g|meq/100 g| pH | Pct

 | | | | |

MuB: | | | | |

 Muskellunge----------| 0-12 | --- | --- | 5.1-7.3 | 0

 | 12-37 | --- | --- | 5.1-7.8 | 0-5

 | 37-72 | --- | --- | 6.6-8.4 | 3-10

 | | | | |

MwB: | | | | |

 Muskellunge, | | | | |

 undulating----------| 0-12 | --- | --- | 5.1-7.3 | 0

 | 12-37 | --- | --- | 5.1-7.8 | 0-5

 | 37-72 | --- | --- | 6.6-8.4 | 3-10

 | | | | |

 Adjidaumo------------| 0-8 | --- | --- | 6.1-7.3 | 0

 | 8-27 | --- | --- | 6.6-7.8 | 0-2

 | 27-72 | --- | --- | 7.4-8.4 | 0-5

 | | | | |

Na: | | | | |

 Naumburg-------------| 0-5 | --- | --- | 3.5-5.5 | 0

 | 5-19 | --- | --- | 3.5-5.5 | 0

 | 19-41 | --- | --- | 3.5-5.5 | 0

 | 41-72 | --- | --- | 4.5-6.5 | 0

 | | | | |

NhA: | | | | |

 Nehasne--------------| 0-7 | 10-35 | --- | 5.6-6.5 | 0

 | 7-23 | 8.0-25 | --- | 6.1-7.3 | 0

 | 23-25 | 1.0-15 | --- | 6.6-7.8 | 0-5

 | 25-35 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |

NhB: | | | | |

 Nehasne--------------| 0-7 | 10-35 | --- | 5.6-6.5 | 0

 | 7-23 | 8.0-25 | --- | 6.1-7.3 | 0

 | 23-25 | 1.0-15 | --- | 6.6-7.8 | 0-5

 | 25-35 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |

NhC: | | | | |

 Nehasne--------------| 0-7 | 10-35 | --- | 5.6-6.5 | 0

 | 7-23 | 8.0-25 | --- | 6.1-7.3 | 0

 | 23-25 | 1.0-15 | --- | 6.6-7.8 | 0-5

 | 25-35 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |

NoA: | | | | |

 Nicholville----------| 0-8 | --- | --- | 3.5-6.0 | 0

 | 8-18 | --- | --- | 4.5-6.0 | 0

 | 18-39 | --- | --- | 4.5-6.5 | 0

 | 39-72 | --- | --- | 4.5-6.5 | 0

 | | | | |

NoB: | | | | |

 Nicholville----------| 0-8 | --- | --- | 3.6-6.0 | 0

 | 8-18 | --- | --- | 4.5-6.0 | 0

 | 18-39 | --- | --- | 4.5-6.5 | 0

 | 39-72 | --- | --- | 4.5-6.5 | 0

 | | | | |

NoC: | | | | |

 Nicholville, rolling-| 0-8 | --- | --- | 3.5-6.0 | 0

 | 8-18 | --- | --- | 4.5-6.0 | 0

 | 18-39 | --- | --- | 4.5-6.5 | 0

 | 39-72 | --- | --- | 4.5-6.5 | 0

 | | | | |
648 Soil Survey

Table 17.--Chemical Properties of the Soils--Continued

______________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Depth | Cation |Effective| Soil | Calcium

 and soil name | |exchange | cation |reaction |carbonate

 | |capacity |exchange | | equiv-

 | | |capacity | | alent

______________________|_______|_________|_________|_________|_________

 | In |meq/100 g|meq/100 g| pH | Pct

 | | | | |

 | | | | |

NrB: | | | | |

 Nicholville----------| 0-8 | --- | --- | 3.5-6.0 | 0

 | 8-18 | --- | --- | 4.5-6.0 | 0

 | 18-39 | --- | --- | 4.5-6.5 | 0

 | 39-72 | --- | --- | 4.5-6.5 | 0

 | | | | |

OgA: | | | | |

 Ogdensburg-----------| 0-9 | 20-60 | --- | 5.6-7.3 | 0

 | 9-21 | 4.0-15 | --- | 6.1-7.8 | 0-1

 | 21-24 | 3.0-7.0 | --- | 6.6-8.4 | 0-10

 | 24-34 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |

OgB: | | | | |

 Ogdensburg-----------| 0-9 | 20-60 | --- | 5.6-7.3 | 0

 | 9-21 | 4.0-15 | --- | 6.1-7.8 | 0-1

 | 21-24 | 3.0-7.0 | --- | 6.6-8.4 | 0-10

 | 24-34 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |

Pg: | | | | |

 Pits, gravel and | | | | |

 sand----------------| 0-6 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | 6-72 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |

Ph: | | | | |

 Pits, quarry---------| 0-72 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |

PmC: | | | | |

 Potsdam--------------| 0-3 | --- | --- | 3.5-6.0 | ---

 | 3-6 | --- | --- | 3.5-6.0 | ---

 | 6-9 | --- | 25-40 | 3.6-6.0 | 0

 | 9-22 | --- | 15-40 | 4.5-6.0 | 0

 | 22-34 | 3.0-10 | --- | 4.5-7.3 | 0

 | 34-72 | 2.0-6.0 | --- | 5.1-7.8 | 0

PoC: | | | | |

 Potsdam, very | | | | |

 bouldery------------| 0-3 | --- | --- | 3.5-6.0 | ---

 | 3-6 | --- | --- | 3.5-6.0 | ---

 | 6-9 | --- | 25-40 | 3.6-6.0 | 0

 | 9-22 | --- | 15-40 | 4.5-6.0 | 0

 | 22-34 | 3.0-10 | --- | 4.5-7.3 | 0

 | 34-72 | 2.0-6.0 | --- | 5.1-7.8 | 0

 | | | | |

 Tunbridge, very | | | | |

 bouldery------------| 0-3 | --- | 6.0-12 | 3.5-6.0 | 0

 | 3-19 | --- | 5.0-16 | 3.5-6.0 | 0

 | 19-30 | 1.0-5.0 | --- | 3.5-6.0 | 0

 | 30-39 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |

PoD: | | | | |

 Potsdam, very | | | | |

 bouldery------------| 0-3 | --- | --- | 3.5-6.0 | ---

 | 3-6 | --- | --- | 3.5-6.0 | ---

 | 6-9 | --- | 25-40 | 3.6-6.0 | 0

 | 9-22 | --- | 15-40 | 4.5-6.0 | 0

 | 22-34 | 3.0-10 | --- | 4.5-7.3 | 0

 | 34-72 | 2.0-6.0 | --- | 5.1-7.8 | 0

 | | | | |
St. Lawrence County, New York 649

Table 17.--Chemical Properties of the Soils--Continued

______________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Depth | Cation |Effective| Soil | Calcium

 and soil name | |exchange | cation |reaction |carbonate

 | |capacity |exchange | | equiv-

 | | |capacity | | alent

______________________|_______|_________|_________|_________|_________

 | In |meq/100 g|meq/100 g| pH | Pct

 | | | | |

PoD: | | | | |

 Tunbridge, very | | | | |

 bouldery------------| 0-3 | --- | 6.0-12 | 3.5-6.0 | 0

 | 3-19 | --- | 5.0-16 | 3.5-6.0 | 0

 | 19-30 | 1.0-5.0 | --- | 3.5-6.0 | 0

 | 30-39 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |

PpD: | | | | |

 Potsdam, very | | | | |

 bouldery------------| 0-3 | --- | --- | 3.5-6.0 | ---

 | 3-6 | --- | --- | 3.5-6.0 | ---

 | 6-9 | --- | 25-40 | 3.6-6.0 | 0

 | 9-22 | --- | 15-40 | 4.5-6.0 | 0

 | 22-34 | 3.0-10 | --- | 4.5-7.3 | 0

 | 34-72 | 2.0-6.0 | --- | 5.1-7.8 | 0

 | | | | |

 Berkshire, very | | | | |

 bouldery------------| 0-7 | --- | --- | 3.6-6.0 | 0

 | 7-30 | --- | --- | 3.6-6.0 | 0

 | 30-72 | --- | --- | 3.6-6.0 | 0

 | | | | |

PsC: | | | | |

 Potsdam, very | | | | |

 bouldery------------| 0-3 | --- | --- | 3.5-6.0 | ---

 | 3-6 | --- | --- | 3.5-6.0 | ---

 | 6-9 | --- | 25-40 | 3.6-6.0 | 0

 | 9-22 | --- | 15-40 | 4.5-6.0 | 0

 | 22-34 | 3.0-10 | --- | 4.5-7.3 | 0

 | 34-72 | 2.0-6.0 | --- | 5.1-7.8 | 0

 | | | | |

 Crary, very bouldery-| 0-8 | --- | 30-45 | 4.5-6.0 | 0

 | 8-24 | --- | 30-60 | 4.5-6.0 | 0

 | 24-36 | 5.0-18 | --- | 5.1-7.8 | 0

 | 36-72 | 2.0-15 | --- | 5.1-7.8 | 0

 | | | | |

PvB: | | | | |

 Pyrities-------------| 0-8 | 17-25 | --- | 5.6-7.3 | 0

 | 8-40 | 10-20 | --- | 6.1-7.8 | 0-1

 | 40-72 | 10-25 | --- | 6.1-8.4 | 0-5

 | | | | |

PvC: | | | | |

 Pyrities-------------| 0-8 | 17-25 | --- | 5.6-7.3 | 0

 | 8-40 | 10-20 | --- | 6.1-7.8 | 0-1

 | 40-72 | 10-25 | --- | 6.1-8.4 | 0-5

 | | | | |

PxD: | | | | |

 Pyrities, very stony-| 0-8 | 17-25 | --- | 5.6-7.3 | 0

 | 8-40 | 10-20 | --- | 6.1-7.8 | 0-1

 | 40-72 | 10-25 | --- | 6.1-8.4 | 0-5

 | | | | |

PyB: | | | | |

 Pyrities, rocky------| 0-8 | 17-25 | --- | 5.6-7.3 | 0

 | 8-40 | 10-20 | --- | 6.1-7.8 | 0-1

 | 40-72 | 10-25 | --- | 6.1-8.4 | 0-5

 | | | | |

PyC: | | | | |

 Pyrities, rocky------| 0-8 | 17-25 | --- | 5.6-7.3 | 0

 | 8-40 | 10-20 | --- | 6.1-7.8 | 0-1

 | 40-72 | 10-25 | --- | 6.1-8.4 | 0-5

 | | | | |
650 Soil Survey

Table 17.--Chemical Properties of the Soils--Continued

______________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Depth | Cation |Effective| Soil | Calcium

 and soil name | |exchange | cation |reaction |carbonate

 | |capacity |exchange | | equiv-

 | | |capacity | | alent

______________________|_______|_________|_________|_________|_________

 | In |meq/100 g|meq/100 g| pH | Pct

 | | | | |

PzC: | | | | |

 Pyrities, very stony-| 0-8 | 17-25 | --- | 5.6-7.3 | 0

 | 8-40 | 10-20 | --- | 6.1-7.8 | 0-1

 | 40-72 | 10-25 | --- | 6.1-8.4 | 0-5

 | | | | |

 Kalurah, very stony--| 0-11 | 17-25 | --- | 5.6-7.3 | 0

 | 11-47 | 5.0-11 | --- | 6.1-7.3 | 0-1

 | 47-72 | 10-25 | --- | 6.6-8.4 | 0-5

 | | | | |

QwB: | | | | |

 Quetico--------------| 0-0 | --- | --- | 4.5-5.5 | 0

 | 0-1 | --- | --- | 4.5-5.5 | 0

 | 1-8 | --- | 9.0-18 | 4.5-5.5 | 0

 | 8-17 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |

 Rock outcrop---------| 0-72 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |

 Insula---------------| 0-1 | --- | --- | 4.5-6.5 | 0

 | 1-3 | --- | --- | 4.5-6.5 | 0

 | 3-16 | --- | --- | 4.5-6.5 | 0

 | 16-25 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |

RaA: | | | | |

 Raquette-------------| 0-9 | --- | --- | 5.6-7.3 | 0

 | 9-19 | --- | --- | 6.1-7.8 | 0-1

 | 19-25 | --- | --- | 6.6-7.8 | 0-2

 | 25-72 | --- | --- | 6.6-8.4 | 2-10

 | | | | |

RaB: | | | | |

 Raquette-------------| 0-9 | --- | --- | 5.6-7.3 | 0

 | 9-19 | --- | --- | 6.1-7.8 | 0-1

 | 19-25 | --- | --- | 6.6-7.8 | 0-2

 | 25-72 | --- | --- | 6.6-8.4 | 2-10

 | | | | |

RaC: | | | | |

 Raquette-------------| 0-9 | --- | --- | 5.6-7.3 | 0

 | 9-19 | --- | --- | 6.1-7.8 | 0-1

 | 19-25 | --- | --- | 6.6-7.8 | 0-2

 | 25-72 | --- | --- | 6.6-8.4 | 2-10

 | | | | |

Rd: | | | | |

 Redwater-------------| 0-7 | 10-40 | --- | 5.1-6.5 | 0

 | 7-38 | 8.0-30 | --- | 6.1-7.3 | 0

 | 38-50 | 6.0-25 | --- | 6.1-7.3 | 0-1

 | 50-60 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |

RoA: | | | | |

 Roundabout-----------| 0-10 | 2.0-10 | --- | 4.5-6.5 | 0

 | 10-31 | 1.0-4.0 | --- | 4.5-6.5 | 0

 | 31-55 | 5.0-8.0 | --- | 5.6-7.3 | 0-1

 | 55-72 | 5.0-8.0 | --- | 5.6-8.4 | 0-5

 | | | | |

RoB: | | | | |

 Roundabout-----------| 0-10 | 2.0-10 | --- | 4.5-6.5 | 0

 | 10-31 | 1.0-4.0 | --- | 4.5-6.5 | 0

 | 31-55 | 5.0-8.0 | --- | 5.6-7.3 | 0-1

 | 55-72 | 5.0-8.0 | --- | 5.6-8.4 | 0-5

 | | | | |
St. Lawrence County, New York 651

Table 17.--Chemical Properties of the Soils--Continued

______________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Depth | Cation |Effective| Soil | Calcium

 and soil name | |exchange | cation |reaction |carbonate

 | |capacity |exchange | | equiv-

 | | |capacity | | alent

______________________|_______|_________|_________|_________|_________

 | In |meq/100 g|meq/100 g| pH | Pct

 | | | | |

Rt: | | | | |

 Runeberg-------------| 0-10 | 25-55 | --- | 6.1-7.3 | 0

 | 10-24 | 5.0-20 | --- | 6.1-7.3 | 0

 | 24-72 | 3.0-12 | --- | 7.4-8.4 | 1-10

 | | | | |

Ru: | | | | |

 Runeberg, very stony-| 0-10 | 25-55 | --- | 6.1-7.3 | 0

 | 10-24 | 5.0-20 | --- | 6.1-7.3 | 0

 | 24-72 | 3.0-12 | --- | 7.4-8.4 | 1-10

 | | | | |

SaB: | | | | |

 Salmon---------------| 0-13 | --- | --- | 3.5-6.0 | 0

 | 13-25 | --- | --- | 3.5-6.0 | 0

 | 25-30 | --- | --- | 3.5-6.0 | 0

 | 30-72 | --- | --- | 5.1-6.5 | 0

 | | | | |

SaC: | | | | |

 Salmon, rolling------| 0-13 | --- | --- | 3.5-6.0 | 0

 | 13-25 | --- | --- | 3.5-6.0 | 0

 | 25-30 | --- | --- | 3.5-6.0 | 0

 | 30-72 | --- | --- | 5.1-6.5 | 0

 | | | | |

Se: | | | | |

 Searsport------------| 0-6 | --- | 20-50 | 4.5-6.5 | 0

 | 6-10 | --- | 2.0-3.0 | 4.5-6.5 | 0

 | 10-34 | 1.0-2.0 | --- | 4.5-6.5 | 0

 | 34-72 | 0.0-1.0 | --- | 4.5-6.5 | 0

 | | | | |

Sg: | | | | |

 Stockholm------------| 0-10 | --- | --- | 3.5-6.0 | 0

 | 10-23 | --- | --- | 5.1-6.0 | 0

 | 23-30 | --- | --- | 5.1-6.5 | 0

 | 30-72 | --- | --- | 6.6-8.4 | 0-5

 | | | | |

ShB: | | | | |

 Summerville----------| 0-6 | 5.0-15 | --- | 6.1-7.8 | 0

 | 6-12 | 2.0-15 | --- | 6.1-8.4 | 0-10

 | 12-22 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |

SkB: | | | | |

 Summerville, rocky---| 0-6 | 5.0-15 | --- | 6.1-7.8 | 0

 | 6-12 | 2.0-15 | --- | 6.1-8.4 | 0-10

 | 12-22 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |

 Gouverneur-----------| 0-7 | 16-26 | --- | 5.6-7.8 | 0

 | 7-9 | 8.0-15 | --- | 5.6-7.8 | 0-2

 | 9-19 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |

SlD: | | | | |

 Summerville, hilly---| 0-6 | 5.0-15 | --- | 6.1-7.8 | 0

 | 6-12 | 2.0-15 | --- | 6.1-8.4 | 0-10

 | 12-22 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |

 Rock outcrop---------| 0-72 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |

SmC: | | | | |

 Summerville, rolling-| 0-6 | 5.0-15 | --- | 6.1-7.8 | 0

 | 6-12 | 2.0-15 | --- | 6.1-8.4 | 0-10

 | 12-22 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |

 Rock outcrop---------| 0-60 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |
652 Soil Survey

Table 17.--Chemical Properties of the Soils--Continued

______________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Depth | Cation |Effective| Soil | Calcium

 and soil name | |exchange | cation |reaction |carbonate

 | |capacity |exchange | | equiv-

 | | |capacity | | alent

______________________|_______|_________|_________|_________|_________

 | In |meq/100 g|meq/100 g| pH | Pct

 | | | | |

SmC: | | | | |

 Nehasne, rolling-----| 0-7 | 10-35 | --- | 5.6-6.5 | 0

 | 7-23 | 8.0-25 | --- | 6.1-7.3 | 0

 | 23-25 | 1.0-15 | --- | 6.6-7.8 | 0-5

 | 25-35 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |

SpB: | | | | |

 Sunapee--------------| 0-1 | --- | --- | 3.6-5.5 | 0

 | 1-4 | --- | --- | 3.6-5.5 | 0

 | 4-23 | --- | --- | 3.6-5.5 | 0

 | 23-72 | --- | --- | 3.6-6.0 | 0

 | | | | |

SsB: | | | | |

 Sunapee, very | | | | |

 bouldery------------| 0-1 | --- | --- | 3.6-5.5 | ---

 | 1-4 | --- | --- | 3.6-5.5 | ---

 | 4-23 | --- | --- | 3.6-5.5 | ---

 | 23-72 | --- | --- | 3.6-6.0 | ---

 | | | | |

 Berkshire, very | | | | |

 bouldery------------| 0-7 | --- | --- | 3.6-6.0 | 0

 | 7-30 | --- | --- | 3.6-6.0 | 0

 | 30-72 | --- | --- | 3.6-6.0 | 0

 | | | | |

Sw: | | | | |

 Swanton--------------| 0-8 | 5.0-12 | --- | 5.1-7.3 | 0

 | 8-26 | 4.0-16 | --- | 5.1-7.3 | 0

 | 26-72 | 3.0-15 | --- | 5.6-8.4 | 0-3

 | | | | |

TdA: | | | | |

 Trout River----------| 0-8 | --- | 5.0-15 | 4.5-5.5 | 0

 | 8-33 | 5.0-10 | --- | 5.1-7.3 | 0

 | 33-72 | 5.0-10 | --- | 5.6-8.4 | 0-1

 | | | | |

TdB: | | | | |

 Trout River----------| 0-8 | --- | 5.0-15 | 4.5-5.5 | 0

 | 8-33 | 5.0-10 | --- | 5.1-7.3 | 0

 | 33-72 | 5.0-10 | --- | 5.6-8.4 | 0-1

 | | | | |

TfB: | | | | |

 Trout River, very | | | | |

 stony---------------| 0-8 | --- | 5.0-15 | 4.5-5.5 | 0

 | 8-33 | 5.0-10 | --- | 5.1-7.3 | 0

 | 33-72 | 5.0-10 | --- | 5.6-8.4 | 0-1

 | | | | |

 Fahey, very stony----| 0-7 | --- | 10-35 | 4.5-6.0 | 0

 | 7-31 | 10-35 | --- | 5.6-7.3 | 0

 | 31-72 | 5.0-20 | --- | 5.6-8.4 | 0-2

 | | | | |

TuD: | | | | |

 Tunbridge------------| 0-3 | --- | 6.0-12 | 3.5-6.0 | 0

 | 3-19 | --- | 5.0-16 | 3.5-6.0 | 0

 | 19-30 | 1.0-5.0 | --- | 3.5-6.0 | 0

 | 30-39 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |

 Lyman----------------| 0-4 | --- | --- | 3.5-6.0 | 0

 | 4-14 | --- | --- | 3.5-6.0 | 0

 | 14-24 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |
St. Lawrence County, New York 653

Table 17.--Chemical Properties of the Soils--Continued

______________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Depth | Cation |Effective| Soil | Calcium

 and soil name | |exchange | cation |reaction |carbonate

 | |capacity |exchange | | equiv-

 | | |capacity | | alent

______________________|_______|_________|_________|_________|_________

 | In |meq/100 g|meq/100 g| pH | Pct

 | | | | |

TwC: | | | | |

 Tunbridge, rolling---| 0-3 | --- | 6.0-12 | 3.5-6.0 | 0

 | 3-19 | --- | 5.0-16 | 3.5-6.0 | 0

 | 19-30 | 1.0-5.0 | --- | 3.5-6.0 | 0

 | 30-39 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |

 Lyman, rolling-------| 0-4 | --- | --- | 3.5-6.0 | 0

 | 4-14 | --- | --- | 3.5-6.0 | 0

 | 14-24 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |

 Dawson---------------| 0-5 | --- | 100-200 | 3.6-4.4 | 0

 | 5-30 | --- | 150-230 | 3.6-4.4 | 0

 | 30-72 | 1.0-2.0 | --- | 4.5-6.5 | 0

 | | | | |

Ua: | | | | |

 Udipsamments, | | | | |

 smoothed------------| 0-6 | --- | --- | 6.1-8.4 | 0

 | 6-72 | --- | --- | 6.1-8.4 | 0-10

 | | | | |

Ue: | | | | |

 Udorthents, loamy----| 0-4 | --- | --- | 6.6-9.0 | 0-5

 | 4-72 | --- | --- | 6.6-9.0 | 0-10

 | | | | |

Uf: | | | | |

 Udorthents, clayey---| 0-6 | --- | --- | 6.1-9.0 | 0-5

 | 6-72 | --- | --- | 6.1-9.0 | 0-10

 | | | | |

Ug: | | | | |

 Udorthents, mine | | | | |

 waste, acid---------| 0-4 | --- | --- | 3.5-5.5 | 0

 | 4-72 | --- | --- | 3.5-5.5 | 0

 | | | | |

Uh: | | | | |

 Udorthents, mine | | | | |

 waste, nonacid------| 0-4 | --- | --- | 6.6-9.0 | 0-10

 | 4-72 | --- | --- | 6.6-9.0 | 0-10

 | | | | |

Un: | | | | |

 Udorthents, refuse | | | | |

 substratum----------| 0-6 | --- | --- | 5.1-8.4 | 0-10

 | 6-72 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |

Ur: | | | | |

 Urban land-----------| 0-6 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |

W: | | | | |

 Water. | | | | |

 | | | | |

WaA: | | | | |

 Waddington-----------| 0-8 | --- | --- | 6.1-7.3 | 0

 | 8-12 | --- | --- | 6.6-7.8 | 0-2

 | 12-19 | --- | --- | 6.6-8.4 | 0-5

 | 19-72 | --- | --- | 7.4-8.4 | 2-10

 | | | | |

WaB: | | | | |

 Waddington-----------| 0-8 | --- | --- | 6.1-7.3 | 0

 | 8-12 | --- | --- | 6.6-7.8 | 0-2

 | 12-19 | --- | --- | 6.6-8.4 | 0-5

 | 19-72 | --- | --- | 7.4-8.4 | 2-10

 | | | | |
654 Soil Survey

Table 17.--Chemical Properties of the Soils--Continued

______________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Depth | Cation |Effective| Soil | Calcium

 and soil name | |exchange | cation |reaction |carbonate

 | |capacity |exchange | | equiv-

 | | |capacity | | alent

______________________|_______|_________|_________|_________|_________

 | In |meq/100 g|meq/100 g| pH | Pct

 | | | | |

WaC: | | | | |

 Waddington, rolling--| 0-8 | --- | --- | 6.1-7.3 | 0

 | 8-12 | --- | --- | 6.6-7.8 | 0-2

 | 12-19 | --- | --- | 6.6-8.4 | 0-5

 | 19-72 | --- | --- | 7.4-8.4 | 2-10

 | | | | |

WaD: | | | | |

 Waddington-----------| 0-8 | --- | --- | 6.1-7.3 | 0

 | 8-12 | --- | --- | 6.6-7.8 | 0-2

 | 12-19 | --- | --- | 6.6-8.4 | 0-5

 | 19-72 | --- | --- | 7.4-8.4 | 2-10

 | | | | |

WdB: | | | | |

 Waddington, very | | | | |

 cobbly sandy loam---| 0-8 | --- | --- | 6.1-7.3 | 0

 | 8-12 | --- | --- | 6.6-7.8 | 0-2

 | 12-19 | --- | --- | 6.6-8.4 | 0-5

 | 19-72 | --- | --- | 7.4-8.4 | 2-10

 | | | | |

Wg: | | | | |

 Wegatchie------------| 0-8 | --- | --- | 5.6-7.3 | 0

 | 8-40 | --- | --- | 6.1-7.8 | 0-1

 | 40-72 | --- | --- | 6.6-8.4 | 1-10

______________________|_______|_________|_________|_________|_________
St. Lawrence County, New York 655

Table 18.--Soil Features

(See text for definitions of terms used in this table. Absence of an entry indicates that the feature is

 not a concern or that data were not estimated.)

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Restrictive layer | Subsidence | | Risk of corrosion

 Map symbol |_________________________|_______________| Potential |_________________________

 and soil name | | Depth | | | for | Uncoated |

 | Kind |to top |Initial| Total |frost action| steel | Concrete

________________________|_________________|_______|_______|_______|____________|____________|____________

 | | In | In | In | | |

021: | | | | | | |

 Dawson-----------------| --- | --- | 0 | 30-36 |High |High |High

 | | | | | | |

 Fluvaquents------------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |High |High |High

 | | | | | | |

 Loxley-----------------| --- | --- | 6-18 | 50-55 |High |High |High

 | | | | | | |

023: | | | | | | |

 Loxley-----------------| --- | --- | 6-18 | 50-55 |High |High |High

 | | | | | | |

 Dawson-----------------| --- | --- | 0 | 30-36 |High |High |High

 | | | | | | |

363A: | | | | | | |

 Adams------------------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |Low |Low |High

 | | | | | | |

363B: | | | | | | |

 Adams------------------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |Low |Low |High

 | | | | | | |

363D: | | | | | | |

 Adams------------------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |Low |Low |High

 | | | | | | |

365: | | | | | | |

 Naumburg---------------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |Moderate |High |High

 | | | | | | |

 Croghan----------------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |Moderate |Low |High

 | | | | | | |

376A: | | | | | | |

 Colton-----------------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |Low |Low |High

 | | | | | | |

 Duxbury----------------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |Low |Low |High

 | | | | | | |

 Adams------------------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |Low |Low |High

 | | | | | | |

376C: | | | | | | |

 Colton-----------------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |Low |Low |High

 | | | | | | |

 Duxbury----------------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |Low |Low |High

 | | | | | | |

 Adams------------------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |Low |Low |High

 | | | | | | |

376D: | | | | | | |

 Colton-----------------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |Low |Low |High

 | | | | | | |

 Duxbury----------------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |Low |Low |High

 | | | | | | |

 Adams------------------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |Low |Low |High

 | | | | | | |

380B: | | | | | | |

 Colton-----------------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |Low |Low |High

 | | | | | | |

 Duxbury----------------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |Low |Low |High

 | | | | | | |

 Dawson-----------------| --- | --- | 0 | 30-36 |High |High |High

 | | | | | | |

380D: | | | | | | |

 Colton-----------------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |Low |Low |High

 | | | | | | |

 Duxbury----------------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |Low |Low |High

 | | | | | | |

 Dawson-----------------| --- | --- | 0 | 30-36 |High |High |High

 | | | | | | |
656 Soil Survey

Table 18.--Soil Features--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Restrictive layer | Subsidence | | Risk of corrosion

 Map symbol |_________________________|_______________| Potential |_________________________

 and soil name | | Depth | | | for | Uncoated |

 | Kind |to top |Initial| Total |frost action| steel | Concrete

________________________|_________________|_______|_______|_______|____________|____________|____________

 | | In | In | In | | |

 | | | | | | |

643C: | | | | | | |

 Berkshire, very | | | | | | |

 bouldery--------------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |Moderate |Low |High

 | | | | | | |

643D: | | | | | | |

 Berkshire, very | | | | | | |

 bouldery--------------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |Moderate |Low |High

 | | | | | | |

644C: | | | | | | |

 Berkshire, rolling, | | | | | | |

 very bouldery---------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |Moderate |Low |High

 | | | | | | |

 Lyme, very bouldery----| --- | --- | 0 | --- |High |Low |High

 | | | | | | |

644D: | | | | | | |

 Berkshire, hilly, very | | | | | | |

 bouldery--------------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |Moderate |Low |High

 | | | | | | |

 Lyme, very bouldery----| --- | --- | 0 | --- |High |Low |High

 | | | | | | |

709B: | | | | | | |

 Adirondack, very | | | | | | |

 bouldery--------------|Dense material | 15-30 | 0 | --- |High |High |High

 | | | | | | |

 Tughill, very bouldery-| --- | --- | 0 | --- |High |High |High

 | | | | | | |

 Lyme, very bouldery----| --- | --- | 0 | --- |High |Low |High

 | | | | | | |

741C: | | | | | | |

 Potsdam, very bouldery-|Dense material | 16-40 | 0 | --- |Moderate |Low |Moderate

 | | | | | | |

 Tunbridge, very | | | | | | |

 bouldery--------------|Bedrock (lithic) | 20-40 | 0 | --- |Moderate |High |High

 | | | | | | |

 Crary, very bouldery---|Dense material | 16-40 | 0 | --- |High |Moderate |High

 | | | | | | |

741D: | | | | | | |

 Potsdam, very bouldery-|Dense material | 16-40 | 0 | --- |Moderate |Low |Moderate

 | | | | | | |

 Tunbridge, very | | | | | | |

 bouldery--------------|Bedrock (lithic) | 20-40 | 0 | --- |Moderate |High |High

 | | | | | | |

743C: | | | | | | |

 Potsdam, very bouldery-|Dense material | 16-40 | 0 | --- |Moderate |Low |Moderate

 | | | | | | |

743D: | | | | | | |

 Potsdam, very bouldery-|Dense material | 16-40 | 0 | --- |Moderate |Low |Moderate

 | | | | | | |

745C: | | | | | | |

 Crary, very bouldery---|Dense material | 16-40 | 0 | --- |High |Moderate |High

 | | | | | | |

 Potsdam, very bouldery-|Dense material | 16-40 | 0 | --- |Moderate |Low |Moderate

 | | | | | | |

747B: | | | | | | |

 Crary, very bouldery---|Dense material | 16-40 | 0 | --- |High |Moderate |High

 | | | | | | |

 Adirondack, very | | | | | | |

 bouldery--------------|Dense material | 15-30 | 0 | --- |High |High |High

 | | | | | | |

807: | | | | | | |

 Udorthents, mine | | | | | | |

 waste-----------------| --- | --- | --- | --- |Moderate | --- | ---

 | | | | | | |
St. Lawrence County, New York 657

Table 18.--Soil Features--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Restrictive layer | Subsidence | | Risk of corrosion

 Map symbol |_________________________|_______________| Potential |_________________________

 and soil name | | Depth | | | for | Uncoated |

 | Kind |to top |Initial| Total |frost action| steel | Concrete

________________________|_________________|_______|_______|_______|____________|____________|____________

 | | In | In | In | | |

831C: | | | | | | |

 Tunbridge, very | | | | | | |

 bouldery--------------|Bedrock (lithic) | 20-40 | 0 | --- |Moderate |High |High

 | | | | | | |

 Lyman, very bouldery---|Bedrock (lithic) | 10-20 | 0 | --- |Moderate |Low |High

 | | | | | | |

831D: | | | | | | |

 Tunbridge, very | | | | | | |

 bouldery--------------|Bedrock (lithic) | 20-40 | 0 | --- |Moderate |High |High

 | | | | | | |

 Lyman, very bouldery---|Bedrock (lithic) | 10-20 | 0 | --- |Moderate |Low |High

 | | | | | | |

831F: | | | | | | |

 Tunbridge, very | | | | | | |

 bouldery--------------|Bedrock (lithic) | 20-40 | 0 | --- |Moderate |High |High

 | | | | | | |

 Lyman, very bouldery---|Bedrock (lithic) | 10-20 | 0 | --- |Moderate |Low |High

 | | | | | | |

833C: | | | | | | |

 Tunbridge, very | | | | | | |

 bouldery--------------|Bedrock (lithic) | 20-40 | 0 | --- |Moderate |High |High

 | | | | | | |

 Adirondack, very | | | | | | |

 bouldery--------------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |High |High |High

 | | | | | | |

 Lyman, very bouldery---|Bedrock (lithic) | 10-20 | 0 | --- |Moderate |Low |High

 | | | | | | |

835C: | | | | | | |

 Tunbridge, very | | | | | | |

 bouldery--------------|Bedrock (lithic) | 20-40 | 0 | --- |Moderate |High |High

 | | | | | | |

 Borosaprists-----------| --- | --- | --- | --- |High | --- | ---

 | | | | | | |

 Ricker, very bouldery--|Bedrock (lithic) | 2-26 | 0 | --- |Low |High |High

 | | | | | | |

861C: | | | | | | |

 Lyman------------------|Bedrock (lithic) | 10-20 | 0 | --- |Moderate |Low |High

 | | | | | | |

 Ricker, very bouldery--|Bedrock (lithic) | 2-20 | 0 | --- |Low |High |High

 | | | | | | |

 Rock outcrop, very | | | | | | |

 bouldery--------------|Bedrock (lithic) | 0-0 | 0 | --- |None | --- | ---

 | | | | | | |

861D: | | | | | | |

 Lyman, very bouldery---|Bedrock (lithic) | 10-20 | 0 | --- |Moderate |Low |High

 | | | | | | |

 Ricker, very bouldery--|Bedrock (lithic) | 2-20 | 0 | --- |Low |High |High

 | | | | | | |

 Rock outcrop-----------|Bedrock (lithic) | 0-0 | 0 | --- |None | --- | ---

 | | | | | | |

861F: | | | | | | |

 Lyman, very bouldery---|Bedrock (lithic) | 10-20 | 0 | --- |Moderate |Low |High

 | | | | | | |

 Ricker, very bouldery--|Bedrock (lithic) | 2-20 | 0 | --- |Low |High |High

 | | | | | | |

 Rock outcrop-----------|Bedrock (lithic) | 0-0 | 0 | --- |None | --- | ---

 | | | | | | |

891F: | | | | | | |

 Rock outcrop-----------|Bedrock (lithic) | 0-0 | 0 | --- |None | --- | ---

 | | | | | | |

 Ricker, very bouldery--|Bedrock (lithic) | 2-20 | 0 | --- |Low |High |High

 | | | | | | |

 Lyman, very bouldery---|Bedrock (lithic) | 10-20 | 0 | --- |Moderate |Low |High

 | | | | | | |
658 Soil Survey

Table 18.--Soil Features--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Restrictive layer | Subsidence | | Risk of corrosion

 Map symbol |_________________________|_______________| Potential |_________________________

 and soil name | | Depth | | | for | Uncoated |

 | Kind |to top |Initial| Total |frost action| steel | Concrete

________________________|_________________|_______|_______|_______|____________|____________|____________

 | | In | In | In | | |

AaB: | | | | | | |

 Adams, sand------------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |Low |Low |High

 | | | | | | |

AaC: | | | | | | |

 Adams, sand------------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |Low |Low |High

 | | | | | | |

AaD: | | | | | | |

 Adams, sand------------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |Low |Low |High

 | | | | | | |

AdB: | | | | | | |

 Adams, loamy fine sand-| --- | --- | 0 | --- |Low |Low |High

 | | | | | | |

AdC: | | | | | | |

 Adams, loamy fine sand-| --- | --- | 0 | --- |Low |Low |High

 | | | | | | |

Ak: | | | | | | |

 Adjidaumo, silty clay--| --- | --- | 0 | --- |High |High |Low

 | | | | | | |

Am: | | | | | | |

 Adjidaumo, mucky silty | | | | | | |

 clay------------------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |High |High |Low

 | | | | | | |

Ao: | | | | | | |

 Adjidaumo, flooded-----| --- | --- | 0 | --- |High |High |Low

 | | | | | | |

Ap: | | | | | | |

 Adjidaumo, silty clay, | | | | | | |

 rocky-----------------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |High |High |Low

 | | | | | | |

ArC: | | | | | | |

 Adjidaumo--------------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |High |High |Low

 | | | | | | |

 Summerville------------|Bedrock (lithic) | 10-20 | 0 | --- |Moderate |Low |Low

 | | | | | | |

BeB: | | | | | | |

 Berkshire--------------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |Moderate |Low |High

 | | | | | | |

BgC: | | | | | | |

 Berkshire, very | | | | | | |

 bouldery--------------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |Moderate |Low |High

 | | | | | | |

 Lyme, very bouldery----| --- | --- | 0 | --- |High |Low |High

 | | | | | | |

BkC: | | | | | | |

 Berkshire, very | | | | | | |

 bouldery--------------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |Moderate |Low |High

 | | | | | | |

 Sunapee, very bouldery-| --- | --- | 0 | --- |Moderate |Low |High

 | | | | | | |

Bo: | | | | | | |

 Borosaprists. | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

 Fluvaquents------------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |High |High |High

 | | | | | | |

Ce: | | | | | | |

 Carbondale, undrained--| --- | --- | 6-18 | 43-54 |High |High |Moderate

 | | | | | | |

CgB: | | | | | | |

 Colton-----------------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |Low |Low |High

 | | | | | | |

 Duxbury----------------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |Low |Low |High

 | | | | | | |
St. Lawrence County, New York 659

Table 18.--Soil Features--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Restrictive layer | Subsidence | | Risk of corrosion

 Map symbol |_________________________|_______________| Potential |_________________________

 and soil name | | Depth | | | for | Uncoated |

 | Kind |to top |Initial| Total |frost action| steel | Concrete

________________________|_________________|_______|_______|_______|____________|____________|____________

 | | In | In | In | | |

CgC: | | | | | | |

 Colton-----------------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |Low |Low |High

 | | | | | | |

 Duxbury----------------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |Low |Low |High

 | | | | | | |

CgD: | | | | | | |

 Colton-----------------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |Low |Low |High

 | | | | | | |

 Duxbury----------------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |Low |Low |High

 | | | | | | |

Ck: | | | | | | |

 Cook-------------------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |Moderate |High |Moderate

 | | | | | | |

Cn: | | | | | | |

 Cornish----------------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |High |High |Moderate

 | | | | | | |

Cp: | | | | | | |

 Coveytown--------------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |Moderate |Moderate |Moderate

 | | | | | | |

Cr: | | | | | | |

 Coveytown, very stony--| --- | --- | 0 | --- |Moderate |Moderate |Moderate

 | | | | | | |

 Cook, very stony-------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |Moderate |High |Moderate

 | | | | | | |

CsB: | | | | | | |

 Crary------------------|Dense material | 16-40 | 0 | --- |High |Moderate |High

 | | | | | | |

CtB: | | | | | | |

 Crary, very bouldery---|Dense material | 16-40 | 0 | --- |High |Moderate |High

 | | | | | | |

 Potsdam, very bouldery-|Dense material | 16-40 | 0 | --- |Moderate |Low |Moderate

 | | | | | | |

CuB: | | | | | | |

 Croghan, sand----------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |Moderate |Low |High

 | | | | | | |

CvA: | | | | | | |

 Croghan, loamy fine | | | | | | |

 sand------------------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |Moderate |Low |High

 | | | | | | |

CvB: | | | | | | |

 Croghan, loamy fine | | | | | | |

 sand------------------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |Moderate |Low |High

 | | | | | | |

Da: | | | | | | |

 Dawson-----------------| --- | --- | 0 | 30-36 |High |High |High

 | | | | | | |

DAM: | | | | | | |

 Large dams. | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

Dd: | | | | | | |

 Deford, loamy fine | | | | | | |

 sand------------------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |Moderate |Low |Moderate

 | | | | | | |

Df: | | | | | | |

 Deford, mucky loamy | | | | | | |

 fine sand-------------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |Moderate |Low |Moderate

 | | | | | | |

DpA: | | | | | | |

 Depeyster--------------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |High |Moderate |Low

 | | | | | | |

DpB: | | | | | | |

 Depeyster--------------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |High |Moderate |Low

 | | | | | | |
660 Soil Survey

Table 18.--Soil Features--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Restrictive layer | Subsidence | | Risk of corrosion

 Map symbol |_________________________|_______________| Potential |_________________________

 and soil name | | Depth | | | for | Uncoated |

 | Kind |to top |Initial| Total |frost action| steel | Concrete

________________________|_________________|_______|_______|_______|____________|____________|____________

 | | In | In | In | | |

DpC: | | | | | | |

 Depeyster--------------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |High |Moderate |Low

 | | | | | | |

Dr: | | | | | | |

 Dorval-----------------| --- | --- | 4-12 | 25-30 |High |High |Moderate

 | | | | | | |

Du: | | | | | | |

 Dune land--------------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |None |Low |Low

 | | | | | | |

EeB: | | | | | | |

 Eelweir----------------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |Moderate |Moderate |Moderate

 | | | | | | |

EmA: | | | | | | |

 Elmwood----------------|Abrupt textural | 18-40 | 0 | --- |High |Moderate |Moderate

 | change | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

EmB: | | | | | | |

 Elmwood----------------|Abrupt textural | 18-40 | 0 | --- |High |Moderate |Moderate

 | change | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

Fa: | | | | | | |

 Fahey------------------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |Low |Low |High

 | | | | | | |

FkA: | | | | | | |

 Flackville-------------|Abrupt textural | 20-40 | 0 | --- |Moderate |Low |Moderate

 | change | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

FkB: | | | | | | |

 Flackville-------------|Abrupt textural | 20-40 | 0 | --- |Moderate |Low |Moderate

 | change | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

Fu: | | | | | | |

 Fluvaquents, | | | | | | |

 frequently flooded----| --- | --- | 0 | --- |High |High |High

 | | | | | | |

 Udifluvents, | | | | | | |

 frequently flooded----| --- | --- | 0 | --- |Moderate |High |High

 | | | | | | |

GrB: | | | | | | |

 Grenville--------------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |Moderate |Low |Low

 | | | | | | |

GrC: | | | | | | |

 Grenville--------------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |Moderate |Low |Low

 | | | | | | |

GsD: | | | | | | |

 Grenville, very stony--| --- | --- | 0 | --- |Moderate |Low |Low

 | | | | | | |

Gu: | | | | | | |

 Guff-------------------|Bedrock (lithic) | 20-40 | 0 | --- |High |High |Low

 | | | | | | |

HaA: | | | | | | |

 Hailesboro-------------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |High |High |Low

 | | | | | | |

HaB: | | | | | | |

 Hailesboro-------------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |High |High |Low

 | | | | | | |

Hc: | | | | | | |

 Hannawa----------------|Bedrock (lithic) | 10-20 | 0 | --- |High |High |Low

 | | | | | | |

HeB: | | | | | | |

 Heuvelton--------------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |High |High |Low

 | | | | | | |
St. Lawrence County, New York 661

Table 18.--Soil Features--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Restrictive layer | Subsidence | | Risk of corrosion

 Map symbol |_________________________|_______________| Potential |_________________________

 and soil name | | Depth | | | for | Uncoated |

 | Kind |to top |Initial| Total |frost action| steel | Concrete

________________________|_________________|_______|_______|_______|____________|____________|____________

 | | In | In | In | | |

HeC: | | | | | | |

 Heuvelton, rolling-----| --- | --- | 0 | --- |High |High |Low

 | | | | | | |

HkE: | | | | | | |

 Heuvelton--------------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |High |High |Low

 | | | | | | |

 Depeyster--------------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |High |Moderate |Low

 | | | | | | |

HnA: | | | | | | |

 Hogansburg-------------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |High |Moderate |Low

 | | | | | | |

HnB: | | | | | | |

 Hogansburg-------------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |High |Moderate |Low

 | | | | | | |

HrB: | | | | | | |

 Hogansburg, very stony-| --- | --- | 0 | --- |High |Moderate |Low

 | | | | | | |

 Grenville, very stony--| --- | --- | 0 | --- |Moderate |Low |Low

 | | | | | | |

IaB: | | | | | | |

 Insula-----------------|Bedrock (lithic) | 8-20 | 0 | --- |Moderate |Low |Moderate

 | | | | | | |

InB: | | | | | | |

 Insula-----------------|Bedrock (lithic) | 8-20 | 0 | --- |Moderate |Low |Moderate

 | | | | | | |

IrC: | | | | | | |

 Insula, rolling--------|Bedrock (lithic) | 8-20 | 0 | --- |Moderate |Low |Moderate

 | | | | | | |

 Rock outcrop-----------|Bedrock (lithic) | 0-0 | 0 | --- |None | --- | ---

 | | | | | | |

IrD: | | | | | | |

 Insula, hilly----------|Bedrock (lithic) | 8-20 | 0 | --- |Moderate |Low |Moderate

 | | | | | | |

 Rock outcrop-----------|Bedrock (lithic) | 0-0 | 0 | --- |None | --- | ---

 | | | | | | |

KaA: | | | | | | |

 Kalurah----------------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |High |Moderate |Low

 | | | | | | |

KaB: | | | | | | |

 Kalurah----------------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |High |Moderate |Low

 | | | | | | |

KbB: | | | | | | |

 Kalurah, very stony----| --- | --- | 0 | --- |High |Moderate |Low

 | | | | | | |

 Pyrities, very stony---| --- | --- | 0 | --- |Moderate |Low |Low

 | | | | | | |

Lc: | | | | | | |

 Lovewell---------------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |High |Moderate |Moderate

 | | | | | | |

Ld: | | | | | | |

 Loxley-----------------| --- | --- | 6-18 | 50-55 |High |High |High

 | | | | | | |

LeC: | | | | | | |

 Lyman------------------|Bedrock (lithic) | 10-20 | 0 | --- |Moderate |Low |High

 | | | | | | |

 Rock outcrop-----------|Bedrock (lithic) | 0-0 | 0 | --- |None | --- | ---

 | | | | | | |

LeD: | | | | | | |

 Lyman, very bouldery---|Bedrock (lithic) | 10-20 | 0 | --- |Moderate |Low |High

 | | | | | | |

 Rock outcrop-----------|Bedrock (lithic) | 0-0 | 0 | --- |None | --- | ---

 | | | | | | |
662 Soil Survey

Table 18.--Soil Features--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Restrictive layer | Subsidence | | Risk of corrosion

 Map symbol |_________________________|_______________| Potential |_________________________

 and soil name | | Depth | | | for | Uncoated |

 | Kind |to top |Initial| Total |frost action| steel | Concrete

________________________|_________________|_______|_______|_______|____________|____________|____________

 | | In | In | In | | |

Lt: | | | | | | |

 Lyme, very bouldery----| --- | --- | 0 | --- |High |Low |High

 | | | | | | |

 Tughill, very bouldery-| --- | --- | 0 | --- |High |High |High

 | | | | | | |

MaA: | | | | | | |

 Malone-----------------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |High |High |Moderate

 | | | | | | |

MaB: | | | | | | |

 Malone-----------------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |High |High |Moderate

 | | | | | | |

MbB: | | | | | | |

 Malone, very stony-----| --- | --- | 0 | --- |High |High |Moderate

 | | | | | | |

MdB: | | | | | | |

 Malone, undulating-----| --- | --- | 0 | --- |High |High |Moderate

 | | | | | | |

 Adjidaumo--------------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |High |High |Low

 | | | | | | |

MeB: | | | | | | |

 Malone, very stony-----| --- | --- | 0 | --- |High |High |Moderate

 | | | | | | |

 Adjidaumo--------------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |High |High |Low

 | | | | | | |

MfA: | | | | | | |

 Matoon-----------------|Bedrock (lithic) | 20-40 | 0 | --- |High |High |Low

 | | | | | | |

MfB: | | | | | | |

 Matoon-----------------|Bedrock (lithic) | 20-40 | 0 | --- |High |High |Low

 | | | | | | |

Mh: | | | | | | |

 Mino-------------------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |High |Moderate |Moderate

 | | | | | | |

Mn: | | | | | | |

 Munuscong--------------|Abrupt textural | 20-40 | 0 | --- |High |High |Low

 | change | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

MsA: | | | | | | |

 Muskellunge------------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |High |High |Low

 | | | | | | |

MsB: | | | | | | |

 Muskellunge------------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |High |High |Low

 | | | | | | |

MuB: | | | | | | |

 Muskellunge------------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |High |High |Low

 | | | | | | |

MwB: | | | | | | |

 Muskellunge, | | | | | | |

 undulating------------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |High |High |Low

 | | | | | | |

 Adjidaumo--------------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |High |High |Low

 | | | | | | |

Na: | | | | | | |

 Naumburg---------------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |Moderate |High |High

 | | | | | | |

NhA: | | | | | | |

 Nehasne----------------|Bedrock (lithic) | 20-40 | 0 | --- |Moderate |Low |Moderate

 | | | | | | |

NhB: | | | | | | |

 Nehasne----------------|Bedrock (lithic) | 20-40 | 0 | --- |Moderate |Low |Moderate

 | | | | | | |

NhC: | | | | | | |

 Nehasne----------------|Bedrock (lithic) | 20-40 | 0 | --- |Moderate |Low |Moderate

 | | | | | | |
St. Lawrence County, New York 663

Table 18.--Soil Features--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Restrictive layer | Subsidence | | Risk of corrosion

 Map symbol |_________________________|_______________| Potential |_________________________

 and soil name | | Depth | | | for | Uncoated |

 | Kind |to top |Initial| Total |frost action| steel | Concrete

________________________|_________________|_______|_______|_______|____________|____________|____________

 | | In | In | In | | |

NoA: | | | | | | |

 Nicholville------------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |High |Low |Moderate

 | | | | | | |

NoB: | | | | | | |

 Nicholville------------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |High |Low |Moderate

 | | | | | | |

NoC: | | | | | | |

 Nicholville, rolling---| --- | --- | 0 | --- |High |Low |Moderate

 | | | | | | |

NrB: | | | | | | |

 Nicholville------------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |High |Low |Moderate

 | | | | | | |

OgA: | | | | | | |

 Ogdensburg-------------|Bedrock (lithic) | 20-40 | 0 | --- |High |High |Low

 | | | | | | |

OgB: | | | | | | |

 Ogdensburg-------------|Bedrock (lithic) | 20-40 | 0 | --- |High |High |Low

 | | | | | | |

Pg: | | | | | | |

 Pits, gravel and sand--| --- | --- | 0 | --- |None | --- | ---

 | | | | | | |

Ph: | | | | | | |

 Pits, quarry-----------|Bedrock (lithic) | 0-0 | 0 | --- |None | --- | ---

 | | | | | | |

PmC: | | | | | | |

 Potsdam----------------|Dense material | 16-40 | 0 | --- |Moderate |Low |Moderate

 | | | | | | |

PoC: | | | | | | |

 Potsdam, very bouldery-|Dense material | 16-40 | 0 | --- |Moderate |Low |Moderate

 | | | | | | |

 Tunbridge, very | | | | | | |

 bouldery--------------|Bedrock (lithic) | 20-40 | 0 | --- |Moderate |High |High

 | | | | | | |

PoD: | | | | | | |

 Potsdam, very bouldery-|Dense material | 16-40 | 0 | --- |Moderate |Low |Moderate

 | | | | | | |

 Tunbridge, very | | | | | | |

 bouldery--------------|Bedrock (lithic) | 20-40 | 0 | --- |Moderate |High |High

 | | | | | | |

PpD: | | | | | | |

 Potsdam, very bouldery-|Dense material | 16-40 | 0 | --- |Moderate |Low |Moderate

 | | | | | | |

 Berkshire, very | | | | | | |

 bouldery--------------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |Moderate |Low |High

 | | | | | | |

PsC: | | | | | | |

 Potsdam, very bouldery-|Dense material | 16-40 | 0 | --- |Moderate |Low |Moderate

 | | | | | | |

 Crary, very bouldery---|Dense material | 16-40 | 0 | --- |High |Moderate |High

 | | | | | | |

PvB: | | | | | | |

 Pyrities---------------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |Moderate |Low |Low

 | | | | | | |

PvC: | | | | | | |

 Pyrities---------------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |Moderate |Low |Low

 | | | | | | |

PxD: | | | | | | |

 Pyrities, very stony---| --- | --- | 0 | --- |Moderate |Low |Low

 | | | | | | |

PyB: | | | | | | |

 Pyrities, rocky--------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |Moderate |Low |Low

 | | | | | | |
664 Soil Survey

Table 18.--Soil Features--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Restrictive layer | Subsidence | | Risk of corrosion

 Map symbol |_________________________|_______________| Potential |_________________________

 and soil name | | Depth | | | for | Uncoated |

 | Kind |to top |Initial| Total |frost action| steel | Concrete

________________________|_________________|_______|_______|_______|____________|____________|____________

 | | In | In | In | | |

PyC: | | | | | | |

 Pyrities, rocky--------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |Moderate |Low |Low

 | | | | | | |

PzC: | | | | | | |

 Pyrities, very stony---| --- | --- | 0 | --- |Moderate |Low |Low

 | | | | | | |

 Kalurah, very stony----| --- | --- | 0 | --- |High |Moderate |Low

 | | | | | | |

QwB: | | | | | | |

 Quetico----------------|Bedrock (lithic) | 4-10 | 0 | --- |Low |Low |Moderate

 | | | | | | |

 Rock outcrop-----------|Bedrock (lithic) | 0-0 | 0 | --- |None | --- | ---

 | | | | | | |

 Insula-----------------|Bedrock (lithic) | 8-20 | 0 | --- |Moderate |Low |Moderate

 | | | | | | |

RaA: | | | | | | |

 Raquette---------------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |Low |Low |Moderate

 | | | | | | |

RaB: | | | | | | |

 Raquette---------------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |Low |Low |Moderate

 | | | | | | |

RaC: | | | | | | |

 Raquette---------------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |Low |Low |Moderate

 | | | | | | |

Rd: | | | | | | |

 Redwater---------------|Bedrock (lithic) | 40-60 | 0 | --- |High |Moderate |Low

 | | | | | | |

RoA: | | | | | | |

 Roundabout-------------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |High |High |Moderate

 | | | | | | |

RoB: | | | | | | |

 Roundabout-------------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |High |High |Moderate

 | | | | | | |

Rt: | | | | | | |

 Runeberg---------------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |High |High |Low

 | | | | | | |

Ru: | | | | | | |

 Runeberg, very stony---| --- | --- | 0 | --- |High |High |Low

 | | | | | | |

SaB: | | | | | | |

 Salmon-----------------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |High |Low |Moderate

 | | | | | | |

SaC: | | | | | | |

 Salmon, rolling--------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |High |Low |Moderate

 | | | | | | |

Se: | | | | | | |

 Searsport--------------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |Moderate |High |High

 | | | | | | |

Sg: | | | | | | |

 Stockholm--------------|Abrupt textural | 17-39 | 0 | --- |Moderate |High |High

 | change | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

ShB: | | | | | | |

 Summerville------------|Bedrock (lithic) | 10-20 | 0 | --- |Moderate |Low |Low

 | | | | | | |

SkB: | | | | | | |

 Summerville, rocky-----|Bedrock (lithic) | 10-20 | 0 | --- |Moderate |Low |Low

 | | | | | | |

 Gouverneur-------------|Bedrock (lithic) | 1-9 | 0 | --- |Moderate |Low |Low

 | | | | | | |

SlD: | | | | | | |

 Summerville, hilly-----|Bedrock (lithic) | 10-20 | 0 | --- |Moderate |Low |Low

 | | | | | | |
St. Lawrence County, New York 665

Table 18.--Soil Features--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Restrictive layer | Subsidence | | Risk of corrosion

 Map symbol |_________________________|_______________| Potential |_________________________

 and soil name | | Depth | | | for | Uncoated |

 | Kind |to top |Initial| Total |frost action| steel | Concrete

________________________|_________________|_______|_______|_______|____________|____________|____________

 | | In | In | In | | |

SlD: | | | | | | |

 Rock outcrop-----------|Bedrock (lithic) | 0-0 | 0 | --- |None | --- | ---

 | | | | | | |

SmC: | | | | | | |

 Summerville, rolling---|Bedrock (lithic) | 10-20 | 0 | --- |Moderate |Low |Low

 | | | | | | |

 Rock outcrop-----------|Bedrock (lithic) | 0-0 | 0 | --- |None | --- | ---

 | | | | | | |

 Nehasne, rolling-------|Bedrock (lithic) | 20-40 | 0 | --- |Moderate |Low |Moderate

 | | | | | | |

SpB: | | | | | | |

 Sunapee----------------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |Moderate |Low |High

 | | | | | | |

SsB: | | | | | | |

 Sunapee, very bouldery-| --- | --- | 0 | --- |Moderate |Low |High

 | | | | | | |

 Berkshire, very | | | | | | |

 bouldery--------------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |Moderate |Low |High

 | | | | | | |

Sw: | | | | | | |

 Swanton----------------|Abrupt textural | 18-40 | 0 | --- |High |High |Moderate

 | change | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

TdA: | | | | | | |

 Trout River------------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |Low |Low |High

 | | | | | | |

TdB: | | | | | | |

 Trout River------------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |Low |Low |High

 | | | | | | |

TfB: | | | | | | |

 Trout River, very | | | | | | |

 stony-----------------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |Low |Low |High

 | | | | | | |

 Fahey, very stony------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |Low |Low |High

 | | | | | | |

TuD: | | | | | | |

 Tunbridge--------------|Bedrock (lithic) | 20-40 | 0 | --- |Moderate |High |High

 | | | | | | |

 Lyman------------------|Bedrock (lithic) | 10-20 | 0 | --- |Moderate |Low |High

 | | | | | | |

TwC: | | | | | | |

 Tunbridge, rolling-----|Bedrock (lithic) | 20-40 | 0 | --- |Moderate |High |High

 | | | | | | |

 Lyman, rolling---------|Bedrock (lithic) | 10-20 | 0 | --- |Moderate |Low |High

 | | | | | | |

 Dawson-----------------| --- | --- | 0 | 30-36 |High |High |High

 | | | | | | |

Ua: | | | | | | |

 Udipsamments, smoothed.| | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

Ue: | | | | | | |

 Udorthents, loamy------| --- | --- | --- | --- |Moderate | --- | ---

 | | | | | | |

Uf: | | | | | | |

 Udorthents, clayey-----| --- | --- | --- | --- |High | --- | ---

 | | | | | | |

Ug: | | | | | | |

 Udorthents, mine | | | | | | |

 waste, acid-----------| --- | --- | --- | --- |Moderate | --- | ---

 | | | | | | |

Uh: | | | | | | |

 Udorthents, mine | | | | | | |

 waste, nonacid--------| --- | --- | --- | --- |Moderate | --- | ---

 | | | | | | |
666 Soil Survey

Table 18.--Soil Features--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Restrictive layer | Subsidence | | Risk of corrosion

 Map symbol |_________________________|_______________| Potential |_________________________

 and soil name | | Depth | | | for | Uncoated |

 | Kind |to top |Initial| Total |frost action| steel | Concrete

________________________|_________________|_______|_______|_______|____________|____________|____________

 | | In | In | In | | |

Un: | | | | | | |

 Udorthents, refuse | | | | | | |

 substratum------------| --- | --- | --- | --- |Moderate | --- | ---

 | | | | | | |

Ur: | | | | | | |

 Urban land-------------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |None | --- | ---

 | | | | | | |

W: | | | | | | |

 Water. | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

WaA: | | | | | | |

 Waddington-------------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |Moderate |Low |Low

 | | | | | | |

WaB: | | | | | | |

 Waddington-------------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |Moderate |Low |Low

 | | | | | | |

WaC: | | | | | | |

 Waddington, rolling----| --- | --- | 0 | --- |Moderate |Low |Low

 | | | | | | |

WaD: | | | | | | |

 Waddington-------------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |Moderate |Low |Low

 | | | | | | |

WdB: | | | | | | |

 Waddington, very | | | | | | |

 cobbly sandy loam-----| --- | --- | 0 | --- |Moderate |Low |Low

 | | | | | | |

Wg: | | | | | | |

 Wegatchie--------------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |High |High |Low

________________________|_________________|_______|_______|_______|____________|____________|____________
Table 19.--Water Features (Depths of layers are in feet. See text for definitions of terms used in this table. Estimates of 

 ponding and flooding apply to the whole year rather than to individual months. Absence of an  that the feature is not a concern or that data were not estimated.) __________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | Water table | Ponding |  | | |_______________|_____________________________|______ Map symbol |Hydro-| Months | Upper | Lower |Surface| Duration |Frequency | Dura and soil name |logic | | limit | limit | water | | |  |group | | | | depth | | | ___________________________|______|__________|_______|_______|_______|__________|__________|______ | | | Ft | Ft | Ft | | |  | | | | | | | | 021: | | | | | | | |  Dawson--------------------| A/D |January | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0|Very long | Frequent | - | |February | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0|Very long | Frequent | - | |March | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0|Very long | Frequent | - | |April | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0|Very long | Frequent | - | |May | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0|Very long | Frequent | - | |June | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0|Very long | Frequent | - | |September | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long | Frequent | - | |October | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long | Frequent | - | |November | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0|Very long | Frequent | - | |December | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0|Very long | Frequent | - | | | | | | | |  Fluvaquents---------------| D |January | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-0.5| Brief |Occasional| Lo | |February | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-0.5| Brief |Occasional| Lo | |March | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-0.5| Brief |Occasional| Lo | |April | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-0.5| Brief |Occasional| Lo | |May |0.0-1.5| >6.0 |0.0-0.5| Brief |Occasional| Lo | |June |0.5-1.5| >6.0 |0.0-0.5| Brief |Occasional| Lo | |July | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | Lo | |September | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | Lo | |October |0.5-1.5| >6.0 |0.0-0.5| Brief |Occasional| Lo | |November |0.5-1.5| >6.0 |0.0-0.5| Brief |Occasional| Lo | |December |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |0.0-0.5| Brief |Occasional| Lo | | | | | | | |  Loxley--------------------| A/D |January | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0|Very long | Frequent | - | |February | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0|Very long | Frequent | - | |March | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0|Very long | Frequent | - | |April | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0|Very long | Frequent | - | |May | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long | Frequent | - | |November | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long | Frequent | - | |December | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long | Frequent | - | | | | | | | | 023: | | | | | | | |  Loxley--------------------| A/D |January | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0|Very long | Frequent | - | |February | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0|Very long | Frequent | - | |March | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0|Very long | Frequent | - | |April | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0|Very long | Frequent | - | |May | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long | Frequent | - | |November | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long | Frequent | - | |December | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long | Frequent | - | | | | | | | | 
Table 19.--Water Features--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Water table | Ponding |  | | |_______________|_____________________________|______ Map symbol |Hydro-| Months | Upper | Lower |Surface| Duration |Frequency | Dura and soil name |logic | | limit | limit | water | | |  |group | | | | depth | | | ___________________________|______|__________|_______|_______|_______|__________|__________|______ | | | Ft | Ft | Ft | | |  | | | | | | | | 023: | | | | | | | |  Dawson--------------------| A/D |January | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0|Very long | Frequent | - | |February | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0|Very long | Frequent | - | |March | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0|Very long | Frequent | - | |April | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0|Very long | Frequent | - | |May | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0|Very long | Frequent | - | |June | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0|Very long | Frequent | - | |September | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long | Frequent | - | |October | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long | Frequent | - | |November | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0|Very long | Frequent | - | |December | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0|Very long | Frequent | - | | | | | | | | 363A: | | | | | | | |  Adams---------------------| A |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | 363B: | | | | | | | |  Adams---------------------| A |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | 363D: | | | | | | | |  Adams---------------------| A |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | 365: | | | | | | | |  Naumburg------------------| C |January |0.5-1.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |February |0.5-1.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |March |0.5-1.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |April |0.5-1.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |May |0.5-1.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |December |0.5-1.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | |  Croghan-------------------| B |January |1.5-2.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |February |1.5-2.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |March |1.5-2.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |April |1.5-2.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |May |1.5-2.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |November |1.5-2.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |December |1.5-2.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | 376A: | | | | | | | |  Colton--------------------| A |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | |  Duxbury-------------------| A |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | |  Adams---------------------| A |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | 
Table 19.---Water Features--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Water table | Ponding |  | | |_______________|_____________________________|______ Map symbol |Hydro-| Months | Upper | Lower |Surface| Duration |Frequency | Dura and soil name |logic | | limit | limit | water | | |  |group | | | | depth | | | ___________________________|______|__________|_______|_______|_______|__________|__________|______ | | | Ft | Ft | Ft | | |  | | | | | | | | 376C: | | | | | | | |  Colton--------------------| A |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | |  Duxbury-------------------| A |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | |  Adams---------------------| A |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | 376D: | | | | | | | |  Colton--------------------| A |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | |  Duxbury-------------------| A |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | |  Adams---------------------| A |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | 380B: | | | | | | | |  Colton--------------------| A |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | |  Duxbury-------------------| A |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | |  Dawson--------------------| A/D |January | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0|Very long | Frequent | - | |February | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0|Very long | Frequent | - | |March | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0|Very long | Frequent | - | |April | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0|Very long | Frequent | - | |May | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0|Very long | Frequent | - | |June | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0|Very long | Frequent | - | |September | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long | Frequent | - | |October | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long | Frequent | - | |November | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0|Very long | Frequent | - | |December | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0|Very long | Frequent | - | | | | | | | | 380D: | | | | | | | |  Colton--------------------| A |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | |  Duxbury-------------------| A |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | |  Dawson--------------------| A/D |January | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0|Very long | Frequent | - | |February | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0|Very long | Frequent | - | |March | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0|Very long | Frequent | - | |April | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0|Very long | Frequent | - | |May | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0|Very long | Frequent | - | |June | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0|Very long | Frequent | - | |September | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long | Frequent | - | |October | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long | Frequent | - | |November | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0|Very long | Frequent | - | |December | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0|Very long | Frequent | - | | | | | | | | 
Table 19.--Water Features--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Water table | Ponding |  | | |_______________|_____________________________|______ Map symbol |Hydro-| Months | Upper | Lower |Surface| Duration |Frequency | Dura and soil name |logic | | limit | limit | water | | |  |group | | | | depth | | | ___________________________|______|__________|_______|_______|_______|__________|__________|______ | | | Ft | Ft | Ft | | |  | | | | | | | | 643C: | | | | | | | |  Berkshire very bouldery--| B |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | 643D: | | | | | | | |  Berkshire, very bouldery--| B |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | 644C: | | | | | | | |  Berkshire, rolling, very | | | | | | | |  bouldery-----------------| B |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | |  Lyme, very bouldery-------| C |January |0.0-1.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |February |0.0-1.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |March |0.0-1.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |April |0.0-1.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |May |0.0-1.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |November |0.0-1.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |December |0.0-1.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | 644D: | | | | | | | |  Berkshire, hilly, very | | | | | | | |  bouldery-----------------| B |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | |  Lyme, very bouldery-------| C |January |0.0-1.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |February |0.0-1.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |March |0.0-1.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |April |0.0-1.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |May |0.0-1.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |November |0.0-1.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |December |0.0-1.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | 709B: | | | | | | | |  Adirondack, very bouldery-| D |January |0.5-1.5|1.2-3.2| --- | --- | None | - | |February |0.5-1.5|1.2-3.2| --- | --- | None | - | |March |0.5-1.5|1.2-3.2| --- | --- | None | - | |April |0.5-1.5|1.2-3.2| --- | --- | None | - | |May |0.5-1.5|1.2-3.2| --- | --- | None | - | |September |0.5-1.5|1.2-3.2| --- | --- | None | - | |October |0.5-1.5|1.2-3.2| --- | --- | None | - | |November |0.5-1.5|1.2-3.2| --- | --- | None | - | |December |0.5-1.5|1.2-3.2| --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | 
Table 19.--Water Features--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Water table | Ponding |  | | |_______________|_____________________________|______ Map symbol |Hydro-| Months | Upper | Lower |Surface| Duration |Frequency | Dura and soil name |logic | | limit | limit | water | | |  |group | | | | depth | | | ___________________________|______|__________|_______|_______|_______|__________|__________|______ | | | Ft | Ft | Ft | | |  | | | | | | | | 709B: | | | | | | | |  Tughill, very bouldery----| D |January | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long | Frequent | - | |February | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0|Very long | Frequent | - | |March | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0|Very long | Frequent | - | |April | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0|Very long | Frequent | - | |May | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long |Occasional| - | |June | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long |Occasional| - | |November | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long |Occasional| - | |December | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long |Occasional| - | | | | | | | |  Lyme, very bouldery-------| C |January |0.0-1.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |February |0.0-1.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |March |0.0-1.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |April |0.0-1.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |May |0.0-1.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |November |0.0-1.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |December |0.0-1.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | 741C: | | | | | | | |  Potsdam, very bouldery----| C |January |2.0-3.0|2.5-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |February |2.0-3.0|2.5-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |March |2.0-3.0|2.5-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |April |2.0-3.0|2.5-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |May |2.0-3.0|2.5-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |November |2.0-3.0|2.5-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |December |2.0-3.0|2.5-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | |  Tudbridge, very bouldery--| C |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | |  Crary, very bouldery------| C |February |1.5-2.0|1.5-3.1| --- | --- | None | - | |March |1.5-2.0|1.5-3.1| --- | --- | None | - | |April |1.5-2.0|1.5-3.1| --- | --- | None | - | |May |1.5-2.0|1.5-3.1| --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | 741D: | | | | | | | |  Potsdam, very bouldery----| C |January |2.0-3.0|2.5-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |February |2.0-3.0|2.5-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |March |2.0-3.0|2.5-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |April |2.0-3.0|2.5-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |May |2.0-3.0|2.5-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |November |2.0-3.0|2.5-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |December |2.0-3.0|2.5-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | |  Tunbridge, very bouldery--| C |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | 
Table 19.--Water Features--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Water table | Ponding |  | | |_______________|_____________________________|______ Map symbol |Hydro-| Months | Upper | Lower |Surface| Duration |Frequency | Dura and soil name |logic | | limit | limit | water | | |  |group | | | | depth | | | ___________________________|______|__________|_______|_______|_______|__________|__________|______ | | | Ft | Ft | Ft | | |  | | | | | | | | 743C: | | | | | | | |  Potsdam, very bouldery----| C |January |2.0-3.0|2.5-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |February |2.0-3.0|2.5-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |March |2.0-3.0|2.5-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |April |2.0-3.0|2.5-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |May |2.0-3.0|2.5-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |November |2.0-3.0|2.5-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |December |2.0-3.0|2.5-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | 743D: | | | | | | | |  Potsdam, very bouldery----| C |January |2.0-3.0|2.5-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |February |2.0-3.0|2.5-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |March |2.0-3.0|2.5-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |April |2.0-3.0|2.5-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |May |2.0-3.0|2.5-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |November |2.0-3.0|2.5-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |December |2.0-3.0|2.5-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | 745C: | | | | | | | |  Crary, very bouldery------| C |February |1.5-2.0|1.5-3.1| --- | --- | None | - | |March |1.5-2.0|1.5-3.1| --- | --- | None | - | |April |1.5-2.0|1.5-3.1| --- | --- | None | - | |May |1.5-2.0|1.5-3.1| --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | |  Potsdam, very bouldery----| C |January |2.0-3.0|2.5-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |February |2.0-3.0|2.5-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |March |2.0-3.0|2.5-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |April |2.0-3.0|2.5-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |May |2.0-3.0|2.5-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |November |2.0-3.0|2.5-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |December |2.0-3.0|2.5-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | 747B: | | | | | | | |  Crary, very bouldery------| C |February |1.5-2.0|1.5-3.1| --- | --- | None | - | |March |1.5-2.0|1.5-3.1| --- | --- | None | - | |April |1.5-2.0|1.5-3.1| --- | --- | None | - | |May |1.5-2.0|1.5-3.1| --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | 
Table 19.--Water Features--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Water table | Ponding |  | | |_______________|_____________________________|______ Map symbol |Hydro-| Months | Upper | Lower |Surface| Duration |Frequency | Dura and soil name |logic | | limit | limit | water | | |  |group | | | | depth | | | ___________________________|______|__________|_______|_______|_______|__________|__________|______ | | | Ft | Ft | Ft | | |  | | | | | | | | 747B: | | | | | | | |  Adirondack, very bouldery-| D |January |0.5-1.5|1.2-3.2| --- | --- | None | - | |February |0.5-1.5|1.2-3.2| --- | --- | None | - | |March |0.5-1.5|1.2-3.2| --- | --- | None | - | |April |0.5-1.5|1.2-3.2| --- | --- | None | - | |May |0.5-1.5|1.2-3.2| --- | --- | None | - | |September |0.5-1.5|1.2-3.2| --- | --- | None | - | |October |0.5-1.5|1.2-3.2| --- | --- | None | - | |November |0.5-1.5|1.2-3.2| --- | --- | None | - | |December |0.5-1.5|1.2-3.2| --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | 807: | | | | | | | |  Udorthents, mine waste----| |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | 831C: | | | | | | | |  Tunbridge, very bouldery--| C |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | |  Lyman, very bouldery------| C/D |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | 831D: | | | | | | | |  Tunbridge, very bouldery--| C |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | |  Lyman, very bouldery------| C/D |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | 831F: | | | | | | | |  Tunbridge, very bouldery--| C |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | |  Lyman, very bouldery------| C/D |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | 833C: | | | | | | | |  Tunbridge, very bouldery--| C |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | |  Adirondack, very bouldery-| D |January |0.5-1.5|1.2-3.2| --- | --- | None | - | |February |0.5-1.5|1.2-3.2| --- | --- | None | - | |March |0.5-1.5|1.2-3.2| --- | --- | None | - | |April |0.5-1.5|1.2-3.2| --- | --- | None | - | |May |0.5-1.5|1.2-3.2| --- | --- | None | - | |September |0.5-1.5|1.2-3.2| --- | --- | None | - | |October |0.5-1.5|1.2-3.2| --- | --- | None | - | |November |0.5-1.5|1.2-3.2| --- | --- | None | - | |December |0.5-1.5|1.2-3.2| --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | |  Lyman, very bouldery------| C/D |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | 
Table 19.--Water Features--Continued ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Water table | Ponding |  | | |_______________|_____________________________|_______ Map symbol |Hydro-| Months | Upper | Lower |Surface| Duration |Frequency | Dura and soil name |logic | | limit | limit | water | | |  |group | | | | depth | | | ___________________________|______|__________|_______|_______|_______|__________|__________|_______ | | | Ft | Ft | Ft | | |  | | | | | | | | 835C: | | | | | | | |  Tunbridge, very bouldery--| C |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | |  Borosaprists--------------| --- |January | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long | Frequent | - | |February | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long | Frequent | - | |March | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long | Frequent | - | |April | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long | Frequent | - | |May | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long | Frequent | - | |June | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Brief | Frequent | - | |July |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Brief | Frequent | - | |September |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |October |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Brief |Occasional| - | |November |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Brief |Occasional| - | |December | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Brief |Occasional| - | | | | | | | |  Ricker, very bouldery-----| A |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | 861C: | | | | | | | |  Lyman, very bouldery------| C/D |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | |  Ricker, very bouldery-----| A |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | |  Rock outcrop, very | | | | | | | |  bouldery-----------------| D |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | 861D: | | | | | | | |  Lyman, very bouldery------| C/D |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | |  Ricker, very bouldery-----| A |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | |  Rock outcrop--------------| D |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | 861F: | | | | | | | |  Lyman, very bouldery------| C/D |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | |  Ricker, very bouldery-----| A |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | |  Rock outcrop--------------| D |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | 891F: | | | | | | | |  Rock outcrop--------------| D |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | |  Ricker, very bouldery-----| A |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | |  Lyman, very bouldery------| C/D |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | 
Table 19.--Water Features--Continued ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Water table | Ponding |  | | |_______________|_____________________________|_______ Map symbol |Hydro-| Months | Upper | Lower |Surface| Duration |Frequency | Dura and soil name |logic | | limit | limit | water | | |  |group | | | | depth | | | ___________________________|______|__________|_______|_______|_______|__________|__________|_______ | | | Ft | Ft | Ft | | |  | | | | | | | | AaB: | | | | | | | |  Adams, sand---------------| A |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | AaC: | | | | | | | |  Adams, samd---------------| A |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | AaD: | | | | | | | |  Adams, sand---------------| A |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | AdB: | | | | | | | |  Adams, loamy fine sand----| A |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | AdC: | | | | | | | |  Adams, loamy fine sand----| A |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | Ak: | | | | | | | |  Adjidaumo, silty clay-----| D |January |0.0-0.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |February |0.0-0.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |March |0.0-0.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |April |0.0-0.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |May |0.0-0.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |June |0.0-0.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |November |0.0-0.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |December |0.0-0.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | -Am: | | | | | | | |  Adjidaumo, mucky silty | | | | | | | |  clay---------------------| D |January | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long | Frequent | - | |February | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long | Frequent | - | |March | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long | Frequent | - | |April | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long | Frequent | - | |May | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Brief |Occasional| - | |June | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Brief |Occasional| - | |November | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Brief |Occasional| - | |December | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Brief |Occasional| - | | | | | | | | Ao: | | | | | | | |  Adjidaumo, flooded--------| D |January | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long | Frequent | Lon | |February | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long | Frequent | Lon | |March | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long | Frequent | Lon | |April | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long | Frequent | Lon | |May | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Brief |Occasional| - | |June | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Brief |Occasional| - | |November | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Brief |Occasional| Lon | |December | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Brief |Occasional| Lon | | | | | | | | 
Table 19.--Water Features--Continued ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Water table | Ponding |  | | |_______________|_____________________________|_______ Map symbol |Hydro-| Months | Upper | Lower |Surface| Duration |Frequency | Dura and soil name |logic | | limit | limit | water | | |  |group | | | | depth | | | ___________________________|______|__________|_______|_______|_______|__________|__________|_______ | | | Ft | Ft | Ft | | |  | | | | | | | | Ap: | | | | | | | |  Adjidaumo, silty clay, | | | | | | | |  rocky--------------------| D |January |0.0-0.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |February |0.0-0.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |March |0.0-0.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |April |0.0-0.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |May |0.0-0.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |June |0.0-0.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |November |0.0-0.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |December |0.0-0.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | ArC: | | | | | | | |  Adjidaumo-----------------| D |January |0.0-0.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |February |0.0-0.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |March |0.0-0.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |April |0.0-0.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |May |0.0-0.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |June |0.0-0.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |November |0.0-0.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |December |0.0-0.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | |  Summerville---------------| D |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | BeB: | | | | | | | |  Berkshire-----------------| B |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | BgC: | | | | | | | |  Berkshire, very bouldery--| B |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | |  Lyme, very bouldery-------| C |January |0.0-1.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |February |0.0-1.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |March |0.0-1.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |April |0.0-1.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |May |0.0-1.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |November |0.0-1.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |December |0.0-1.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | BkC: | | | | | | | |  Berkshire, very bouldery--| B |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | 
Table 19.--Water Features--Continued ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Water table | Ponding |  | | |_______________|_____________________________|_______ Map symbol |Hydro-| Months | Upper | Lower |Surface| Duration |Frequency | Dura and soil name |logic | | limit | limit | water | | |  |group | | | | depth | | | ___________________________|______|__________|_______|_______|_______|__________|__________|_______ | | | Ft | Ft | Ft | | |  | | | | | | | | BkC: | | | | | | | |  Sunapee, very bouldery----| B |January |1.5-3.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |February |1.5-3.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |March |1.5-3.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |April |1.5-3.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |May |1.5-3.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |November |1.5-3.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |December |1.5-3.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | Bo: | | | | | | | |  Borosaprists--------------| --- |January | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long | Frequent | - | |February | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long | Frequent | - | |March | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long | Frequent | - | |April | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long | Frequent | - | |May | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long | Frequent | - | |June | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Brief | Frequent | - | |July |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Brief | Frequent | - | |September |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |October |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Brief |Occasional| - | |November |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Brief |Occasional| - | |December | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long | Frequent | - | | | | | | | |  Fluvaquents---------------| D |January | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-0.5| Brief |Occasional| Lon | |February | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-0.5| Brief |Occasional| Lon | |March | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-0.5| Brief |Occasional| Lon | |April | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-0.5| Brief |Occasional| Lon | |May |0.0-1.5| >6.0 |0.0-0.5| Brief |Occasional| Lon | |June |0.5-1.5| >6.0 |0.0-0.5| Brief |Occasional| Lon | |July | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | Lon | |September | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | Lon | |October |0.5-1.5| >6.0 |0.0-0.5| Brief |Occasional| Lon | |November |0.5-1.5| >6.0 |0.0-0.5| Brief |Occasional| Lon | |December |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |0.0-0.5| Brief |Occasional| Lon | | | | | | | | Ce: | | | | | | | |  Carbondale, undrained-----| A/D |January | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0|Very long | Frequent | - | |February | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0|Very long | Frequent | - | |March | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0|Very long | Frequent | - | |April | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0|Very long | Frequent | - | |May | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0|Very long | Frequent | - | |September |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0|Very long | Frequent | - | |October |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0|Very long | Frequent | - | |November |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0|Very long | Frequent | - | |December | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0|Very long | Frequent | - | | | | | | | | 
Table 19.--Water Features--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Water table | Ponding |  | | |_______________|_____________________________|______ Map symbol |Hydro-| Months | Upper | Lower |Surface| Duration |Frequency | Dura and soil name |logic | | limit | limit | water | | |  |group | | | | depth | | | ___________________________|______|__________|_______|_______|_______|__________|__________|______ | | | Ft | Ft | Ft | | |  | | | | | | | | CgB: | | | | | | | |  Colton--------------------| A |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | |  Duxbury-------------------| A |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | CgC: | | | | | | | |  Colton--------------------| A |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | |  Duxbury-------------------| A |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | CgD: | | | | | | | |  Colton--------------------| A |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | |  Duxbury-------------------| A |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | Ck: | | | | | | | |  Cook----------------------| D |January |0.0-0.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |February |0.0-0.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |March |0.0-0.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |April |0.0-0.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |May |0.0-0.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |June |0.0-0.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |November |0.0-0.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |December |0.0-0.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | -Cn: | | | | | | | |  Cornish-------------------| C |January |0.5-1.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |February |0.5-1.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |March |0.5-1.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Bri | |April |0.5-1.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Bri | |May |0.5-2.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Bri | |June | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | Bri | |July | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | Bri | |August | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | Bri | |September | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | Bri | |October | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | Bri | |November |1.0-2.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |December |0.5-1.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | Cp: | | | | | | | |  Coveytown-----------------| C |January |0.5-1.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |February |0.5-1.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |March |0.5-1.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |April |0.5-1.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |May |0.5-1.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |December |0.5-1.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | 
Table 19.--Water Features--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Water table | Ponding |  | | |_______________|_____________________________|______ Map symbol |Hydro-| Months | Upper | Lower |Surface| Duration |Frequency | Dura and soil name |logic | | limit | limit | water | | |  |group | | | | depth | | | ___________________________|______|__________|_______|_______|_______|__________|__________|______ | | | Ft | Ft | Ft | | |  | | | | | | | | Cr: | | | | | | | |  Coveytown, very stony-----| C |January |0.5-1.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |February |0.5-1.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |March |0.5-1.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |April |0.5-1.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |May |0.5-1.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |December |0.5-1.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | Cr: | | | | | | | |  Cook, very stony----------| D |January |0.0-0.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |February |0.0-0.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |March |0.0-0.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |April |0.0-0.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |May |0.0-0.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |June |0.0-0.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |November |0.0-0.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |December |0.0-0.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | CsB: | | | | | | | |  Crary---------------------| C |February |1.5-2.0|1.5-3.1| --- | --- | None | - | |March |1.5-2.0|1.5-3.1| --- | --- | None | - | |April |1.5-2.0|1.5-3.1| --- | --- | None | - | |May |1.5-2.0|1.5-3.1| --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | CtB: | | | | | | | |  Crary, very bouldery------| C |February |1.5-2.0|1.5-3.1| --- | --- | None | - | |March |1.5-2.0|1.5-3.1| --- | --- | None | - | |April |1.5-2.0|1.5-3.1| --- | --- | None | - | |May |1.5-2.0|1.5-3.1| --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | |  Potsdam, very bouldery----| C |January |2.0-3.0|2.5-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |February |2.0-3.0|2.5-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |March |2.0-3.0|2.5-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |April |2.0-3.0|2.5-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |May |2.0-3.0|2.5-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |November |2.0-3.0|2.5-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |December |2.0-3.0|2.5-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | 
Table 19.--Water Features--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Water table | Ponding |  | | |_______________|_____________________________|______ Map symbol |Hydro-| Months | Upper | Lower |Surface| Duration |Frequency | Dura and soil name |logic | | limit | limit | water | | |  |group | | | | depth | | | ___________________________|______|__________|_______|_______|_______|__________|__________|______ | | | Ft | Ft | Ft | | | CuB: | | | | | | | |  Croghan, sand-------------| B |January |1.5-2.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |February |1.5-2.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |March |1.5-2.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |April |1.5-2.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |May |1.5-2.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |November |1.5-2.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |December |1.5-2.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | CvA: | | | | | | | |  Croghan, loamy fine sand--| B |January |1.5-2.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |February |1.5-2.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |March |1.5-2.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |April |1.5-2.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |May |1.5-2.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |November |1.5-2.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |December |1.5-2.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | CvB: | | | | | | | |  Croghan, loamy fine sand--| B |January |1.5-2.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |February |1.5-2.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |March |1.5-2.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |April |1.5-2.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |May |1.5-2.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |November |1.5-2.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |December |1.5-2.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | Da: | | | | | | | |  Dawson--------------------| A/D |January | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0|Very long | Frequent | - | |February | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0|Very long | Frequent | - | |March | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0|Very long | Frequent | - | |April | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0|Very long | Frequent | - | |May | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0|Very long | Frequent | - | |June | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0|Very long | Frequent | - | |September | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long | Frequent | - | |October | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long | Frequent | - | |November | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0|Very long | Frequent | - | |December | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0|Very long | Frequent | - | | | | | | | | DAM: | | | | | | | |  Large dams----------------| --- |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | 
Table 19.--Water Features--Continued ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Water table | Ponding |  | | |_______________|_____________________________|_______ Map symbol |Hydro-| Months | Upper | Lower |Surface| Duration |Frequency | Dura and soil name |logic | | limit | limit | water | | |  |group | | | | depth | | | ___________________________|______|__________|_______|_______|_______|__________|__________|_______ | | | Ft | Ft | Ft | | |  | | | | | | | | Dd: | | | | | | | |  Deford, loamy fine sand---| A/D |January | 0.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |February | 0.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |March | 0.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |April | 0.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |May |0.5-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |October |0.5-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |November |0.5-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |December |0.5-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | Df: | | | | | | | |  Deford, mucky loamy fine | | | | | | | |  sand---------------------| A/D |January | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long |Occasional| - | |February | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long |Occasional| - | |March | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long | Frequent | - | |April | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long | Frequent | - | |May | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long |Occasional| - | |October | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Brief |Occasional| - | |November | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Brief |Occasional| - | |December | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long |Occasional| - | | | | | | | | DpA: | | | | | | | |  Depeyster-----------------| C |March |1.5-2.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |April |1.5-2.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |May |1.5-2.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | DpB: | | | | | | | |  Depeyster-----------------| C |March |1.5-2.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |April |1.5-2.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |May |1.5-2.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | DpC: | | | | | | | |  Depeyster-----------------| C |March |1.5-2.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |April |1.5-2.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |May |1.5-2.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | Dr: | | | | | | | |  Dorval--------------------| A/D |January | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long | Frequent | - | |February | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long | Frequent | - | |March | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long | Frequent | - | |April | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long | Frequent | - | |May | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long | Frequent | - | |November | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long | Frequent | - | |December | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long | Frequent | - | | | | | | | | 
Table 19.--Water Features--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Water table | Ponding |  | | |_______________|_____________________________|______ Map symbol |Hydro-| Months | Upper | Lower |Surface| Duration |Frequency | Dura and soil name |logic | | limit | limit | water | | |  |group | | | | depth | | | ___________________________|______|__________|_______|_______|_______|__________|__________|______ | | | Ft | Ft | Ft | | |  | | | | | | | | Du: | | | | | | | |  Dune land-----------------| A |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | EeB: | | | | | | | |  Eelweir-------------------| C |January |1.5-2.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |February |1.5-2.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |March |1.5-2.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |April |1.5-2.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |May |1.5-2.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |November |1.5-2.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |December |1.5-2.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | EmA: | | | | | | | |  Elmwood-------------------| C |January |1.5-3.0|1.5-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |February |1.5-3.0|1.5-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |March |1.5-3.0|1.5-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |April |1.5-3.0|1.5-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |May |1.5-3.0|1.5-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |November |1.5-3.0|1.5-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |December |1.5-3.0|1.5-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | EmB: | | | | | | | |  Elmwood-------------------| C |January |1.5-3.0|1.5-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |February |1.5-3.0|1.5-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |March |1.5-3.0|1.5-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |April |1.5-3.0|1.5-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |May |1.5-3.0|1.5-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |November |1.5-3.0|1.5-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |December |1.5-3.0|1.5-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | Fa: | | | | | | | |  Fahey---------------------| B |March |1.5-2.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |April |1.5-2.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |May |1.5-2.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | FkA: | | | | | | | |  Flackville----------------| C |January |1.5-2.0|1.7-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |February |1.5-2.0|1.7-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |March |1.5-2.0|1.7-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |April |1.5-2.0|1.7-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |May |1.5-2.0|1.7-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |November |1.5-2.0|1.7-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |December |1.5-2.0|1.6-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | 
Table 19.--Water Features--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Water table | Ponding |  | | |_______________|_____________________________|______ Map symbol |Hydro-| Months | Upper | Lower |Surface| Duration |Frequency | Dura and soil name |logic | | limit | limit | water | | |  |group | | | | depth | | | ___________________________|______|__________|_______|_______|_______|__________|__________|______ | | | Ft | Ft | Ft | | |  | | | | | | | | FkB: | | | | | | | |  Flackville----------------| C |January |1.5-2.0|1.7-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |February |1.5-2.0|1.7-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |March |1.5-2.0|1.7-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |April |1.5-2.0|1.7-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |May |1.5-2.0|1.7-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |November |1.5-2.0|1.7-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |December |1.5-2.0|1.7-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | Fu: | | | | | | | |  Fluvaquents, frequently | | | | | | | |  flooded------------------| D |January | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-0.5| Brief |Occasional| Lo | |February | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-0.5| Brief |Occasional| Lo | |March | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-0.5| Brief |Occasional| Lo | |April | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-0.5| Brief |Occasional| Lo | |May |0.0-1.5| >6.0 |0.0-0.5| Brief |Occasional| Lo | |June |0.0-1.5| >6.0 |0.0-0.5| Brief |Occasional| Lo | |July | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | Bri | |September | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | Bri | |October |0.0-1.5| >6.0 |0.0-0.5| Brief |Occasional| Bri | |November |0.0-1.5| >6.0 |0.0-0.5| Brief |Occasional| Bri | |December |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |0.0-0.5| Brief |Occasional| Lo | | | | | | | |  Udifluvents, frequently | | | | | | | |  flooded------------------| B |January |1.5-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Bri | |February |1.5-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Bri | |March |1.5-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Bri | |April |1.5-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Bri | |May |1.5-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Bri | |June | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | Bri | |October | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | Bri | |November |1.5-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Bri | |December |1.5-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Bri | | | | | | | | GrB: | | | | | | | |  Grenville-----------------| B |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | GrC: | | | | | | | |  Grenville-----------------| B |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | GsD: | | | | | | | |  Grenville, very stony-----| B |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | 
Table 19.--Water Features--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Water table | Ponding |  | | |_______________|_____________________________|______ Map symbol |Hydro-| Months | Upper | Lower |Surface| Duration |Frequency | Dura and soil name |logic | | limit | limit | water | | |  |group | | | | depth | | | ___________________________|______|__________|_______|_______|_______|__________|__________|______ | | | Ft | Ft | Ft | | |  | | | | | | | | Gu: | | | | | | | |  Guff----------------------| D |January |0.0-0.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |February |0.0-0.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |March |0.0-0.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |April |0.0-0.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |May |0.0-0.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |June |0.0-0.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |November |0.0-0.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |December |0.0-0.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | HaA: | | | | | | | |  Hailesvoro----------------| C |January |0.5-1.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |February |0.5-1.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |March |0.5-1.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |April |0.5-1.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |May |0.5-1.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |June |0.5-1.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |October |0.5-1.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |November |0.5-1.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |December |0.5-1.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | HaB: | | | | | | | |  Hailesboro----------------| C |January |0.5-1.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |February |0.5-1.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |March |0.5-1.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |April |0.5-1.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |May |0.5-1.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |June |0.5-1.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |October |0.5-1.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |November |0.5-1.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |December |0.5-1.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | Hc: | | | | | | | |  Hannawa-------------------| D |January |0.0-1.0|0.8-1.7| --- | --- | None | - | |February |0.0-1.0|0.8-1.7| --- | --- | None | - | |March |0.0-1.0|0.8-1.7| --- | --- | None | - | |April |0.0-1.0|0.8-1.7| --- | --- | None | - | |May |0.0-1.0|0.8-1.7| --- | --- | None | - | |October |0.0-1.0|0.8-1.7| --- | --- | None | - | |November |0.0-1.0|0.8-1.7| --- | --- | None | - | |December |0.0-1.0|0.8-1.7| --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | 
Table 19.--Water Features--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Water table | Ponding |  | | |_______________|_____________________________|______ Map symbol |Hydro-| Months | Upper | Lower |Surface| Duration |Frequency | Dura and soil name |logic | | limit | limit | water | | |  |group | | | | depth | | | ___________________________|______|__________|_______|_______|_______|__________|__________|______ | | | Ft | Ft | Ft | | |  | | | | | | | | HeB: | | | | | | | |  Heuvelton-----------------| C |January |1.5-2.0|1.6-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |February |1.5-2.0|1.6-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |March |1.5-2.0|1.6-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |April |1.5-2.0|1.6-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |November |1.5-2.0|1.6-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |December |1.5-2.0|1.6-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | HeC: | | | | | | | |  Heuvelton, rolling--------| C |January |1.5-2.0|1.6-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |February |1.5-2.0|1.6-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |March |1.5-2.0|1.6-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |April |1.5-2.0|1.6-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |November |1.5-2.0|1.6-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |December |1.5-2.0|1.6-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | HkE: | | | | | | | |  Heuvelton-----------------| C |January |1.5-2.0|1.6-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |February |1.5-2.0|1.6-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |March |1.5-2.0|1.6-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |April |1.5-2.0|1.6-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |November |1.5-2.0|1.6-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |December |1.5-2.0|1.6-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | |  Depeyster-----------------| C |March |1.5-2.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |April |1.5-2.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |May |1.5-2.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | HnA: | | | | | | | |  Hogansbury----------------| B |March |1.5-2.0|1.5-2.8| --- | --- | None | - | |April |1.5-2.0|1.5-2.8| --- | --- | None | - | |May |1.5-2.0|1.5-2.8| --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | HnB: | | | | | | | |  Hogansbury----------------| B |March |1.5-2.0|1.5-2.8| --- | --- | None | - | |April |1.5-2.0|1.5-2.8| --- | --- | None | - | |May |1.5-2.0|1.5-2.8| --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | HrB: | | | | | | | |  Hogansbury, very stony----| B |March |1.5-2.0|1.5-2.8| --- | --- | None | - | |April |1.5-2.0|1.5-2.8| --- | --- | None | - | |May |1.5-2.0|1.5-2.8| --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | |  Grenville, very stony-----| B |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | 
Table 19.--Water Features--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Water table | Ponding |  | | |_______________|_____________________________|______ Map symbol |Hydro-| Months | Upper | Lower |Surface| Duration |Frequency | Dura and soil name |logic | | limit | limit | water | | |  |group | | | | depth | | | ___________________________|______|__________|_______|_______|_______|__________|__________|______ | | | Ft | Ft | Ft | | |  | | | | | | | | IaB: | | | | | | | |  Insula--------------------| D |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | InB: | | | | | | | |  Insula--------------------| D |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | |  Insula, rolling-----------| D |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | IrC: | | | | | | | |  Rock outcrop--------------| D |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | IrD: | | | | | | | |  Insula, hilly-------------| D |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | |  Rock outcrop--------------| D |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | KaA: | | | | | | | |  Kalurah-------------------| B |January |1.5-2.0|2.5-4.2| --- | --- | None | - | |February |1.5-2.0|2.5-4.2| --- | --- | None | - | |March |1.5-2.0|2.5-4.2| --- | --- | None | - | |April |1.5-2.0|2.5-4.2| --- | --- | None | - | |May |1.5-2.0|2.5-4.2| --- | --- | None | - | |November |1.5-2.0|2.5-4.2| --- | --- | None | - | |December |1.5-2.0|2.5-4.2| --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | KaB: | | | | | | | |  Kalurah-------------------| B |January |1.5-2.0|2.5-4.2| --- | --- | None | - | |February |1.5-2.0|2.5-4.2| --- | --- | None | - | |March |1.5-2.0|2.5-4.2| --- | --- | None | - | |April |1.5-2.0|2.5-4.2| --- | --- | None | - | |May |1.5-2.0|2.5-4.2| --- | --- | None | - | |November |1.5-2.0|2.5-4.2| --- | --- | None | - | |December |1.5-2.0|2.5-4.2| --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | KbB: | | | | | | | |  Kalurah, very stony-------| B |January |1.5-2.0|2.5-4.2| --- | --- | None | - | |February |1.5-2.0|2.5-4.2| --- | --- | None | - | |March |1.5-2.0|2.5-4.2| --- | --- | None | - | |April |1.5-2.0|2.5-4.2| --- | --- | None | - | |May |1.5-2.0|2.5-4.2| --- | --- | None | - | |November |1.5-2.0|2.5-4.2| --- | --- | None | - | |December |1.5-2.0|2.5-4.2| --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | |  Pyrities, very stony------| B |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | 
Table 19.--Water Features--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Water table | Ponding |  | | |_______________|_____________________________|______ Map symbol |Hydro-| Months | Upper | Lower |Surface| Duration |Frequency | Dura and soil name |logic | | limit | limit | water | | |  |group | | | | depth | | | ___________________________|______|__________|_______|_______|_______|__________|__________|______ | | | Ft | Ft | Ft | | |  | | | | | | | | Lc: | | | | | | | |  Lovewell------------------| B |January |1.5-3.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |February |1.5-3.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |March |1.5-3.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Bri | |April |1.5-3.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Bri | |May |1.5-3.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Bri | |June | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | Bri | |July | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | Bri | |August | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | Bri | |September | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | Bri | |October | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | Bri | |November |1.5-3.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |December |1.5-3.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | Ld: | | | | | | | |  Loxley--------------------| A/D |January | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0|Very long | Frequent | - | |February | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0|Very long | Frequent | - | |March | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0|Very long | Frequent | - | |April | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0|Very long | Frequent | - | |May | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long | Frequent | - | |November | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long | Frequent | - | |December | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long | Frequent | - | | | | | | | | LeC: | | | | | | | |  Lyman---------------------| C/D |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | |  Rock outcrop--------------| D |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | LeD: | | | | | | | |  Lyman, very bouldery------| C/D |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | |  Rock outcrop--------------| D |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | Lt: | | | | | | | |  Lyme, very bouldery-------| C |January |0.0-1.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |February |0.0-1.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |March |0.0-1.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |April |0.0-1.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |May |0.0-1.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |November |0.0-1.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |December |0.0-1.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | 
Table 19.--Water Features--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Water table | Ponding |  | | |_______________|_____________________________|______ Map symbol |Hydro-| Months | Upper | Lower |Surface| Duration |Frequency | Dura and soil name |logic | | limit | limit | water | | |  |group | | | | depth | | | ___________________________|______|__________|_______|_______|_______|__________|__________|______ | | | Ft | Ft | Ft | | |  | | | | | | | | Lt: | | | | | | | |  Tughill, very bouldery----| D |January | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long | Frequent | - | |February | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0|Very long | Frequent | - | |March | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0|Very long | Frequent | - | |April | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0|Very long | Frequent | - | |May | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long |Occasional| - | |June |0.0-0.5| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long |Occasional| - | |November |0.0-0.5| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long |Occasional| - | |December |0.0-0.5| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long |Occasional| - | | | | | | | | MaA: | | | | | | | |  Malone--------------------| C |January |0.5-1.5|1.5-3.0| --- | --- | None | - | |February |0.5-1.5|1.5-3.0| --- | --- | None | - | |March |0.5-1.5|1.5-3.0| --- | --- | None | - | |April |0.5-1.5|1.5-3.0| --- | --- | None | - | |May |0.5-1.5|1.5-3.0| --- | --- | None | - | |October |0.5-1.5|1.5-3.0| --- | --- | None | - | |November |0.5-1.5|1.5-3.0| --- | --- | None | - | |December |0.5-1.5|1.5-3.0| --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | MaB: | | | | | | | |  Malone--------------------| C |January |0.5-1.5|1.5-3.0| --- | --- | None | - | |February |0.5-1.5|1.5-3.0| --- | --- | None | - | |March |0.5-1.5|1.5-3.0| --- | --- | None | - | |April |0.5-1.5|1.5-3.0| --- | --- | None | - | |May |0.5-1.5|1.5-3.0| --- | --- | None | - | |October |0.5-1.5|1.5-3.0| --- | --- | None | - | |November |0.5-1.5|1.5-3.0| --- | --- | None | - | |December |0.5-1.5|1.5-3.0| --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | MbB: | | | | | | | |  Malone, very stony--------| C |January |0.5-1.5|1.5-3.0| --- | --- | None | - | |February |0.5-1.5|1.5-3.0| --- | --- | None | - | |March |0.5-1.5|1.5-3.0| --- | --- | None | - | |April |0.5-1.5|1.5-3.0| --- | --- | None | - | |May |0.5-1.5|1.5-3.0| --- | --- | None | - | |October |0.5-1.5|1.5-3.0| --- | --- | None | - | |November |0.5-1.5|1.5-3.0| --- | --- | None | - | |December |0.5-1.5|1.5-3.0| --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | 
Table 19.--Water Features--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Water table | Ponding |  | | |_______________|_____________________________|______ Map symbol |Hydro-| Months | Upper | Lower |Surface| Duration |Frequency | Dura and soil name |logic | | limit | limit | water | | |  |group | | | | depth | | | ___________________________|______|__________|_______|_______|_______|__________|__________|______ | | | Ft | Ft | Ft | | |  | | | | | | | | MdB: | | | | | | | |  Malone, undulating--------| C |January |0.5-1.5|1.5-3.0| --- | --- | None | - | |February |0.5-1.5|1.5-3.0| --- | --- | None | - | |March |0.5-1.5|1.5-3.0| --- | --- | None | - | |April |0.5-1.5|1.5-3.0| --- | --- | None | - | |May |0.5-1.5|1.5-3.0| --- | --- | None | - | |October |0.5-1.5|1.5-3.0| --- | --- | None | - | |November |0.5-1.5|1.5-3.0| --- | --- | None | - | |December |0.5-1.5|1.5-3.0| --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | |  Adjidaumo-----------------| D |January |0.0-0.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |February |0.0-0.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |March |0.0-0.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |April |0.0-0.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |May |0.0-0.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |June |0.0-0.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |November |0.0-0.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |December |0.0-0.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | -MeB: | | | | | | | |  Malone, very stony--------| C |January |0.5-1.5|1.5-3.0| --- | --- | None | - | |February |0.5-1.5|1.5-3.0| --- | --- | None | - | |March |0.5-1.5|1.5-3.0| --- | --- | None | - | |April |0.5-1.5|1.5-3.0| --- | --- | None | - | |May |0.5-1.5|1.5-3.0| --- | --- | None | - | |October |0.5-1.5|1.5-3.0| --- | --- | None | - | |November |0.5-1.5|1.5-3.0| --- | --- | None | - | |December |0.5-1.5|1.5-3.0| --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | |  Adjidaumo-----------------| D |January |0.0-0.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |February |0.0-0.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |March |0.0-0.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |April |0.0-0.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |May |0.0-0.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |June |0.0-0.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |November |0.0-0.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |December |0.0-0.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | MfA: | | | | | | | |  Matoon--------------------| D |January |0.5-1.5|1.6-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |February |0.5-1.5|1.6-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |March |0.5-1.5|1.6-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |April |0.5-1.5|1.6-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |May |0.5-1.5|1.6-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |November |0.5-1.5|1.6-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |December |0.5-1.5|1.6-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | 
Table 19.--Water Features--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Water table | Ponding |  | | |_______________|_____________________________|______ Map symbol |Hydro-| Months | Upper | Lower |Surface| Duration |Frequency | Dura and soil name |logic | | limit | limit | water | | |  |group | | | | depth | | | ___________________________|______|__________|_______|_______|_______|__________|__________|______ | | | Ft | Ft | Ft | | |  | | | | | | | | MfB: | | | | | | | |  Matoon--------------------| D |January |0.5-1.5|1.6-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |February |0.5-1.5|1.6-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |March |0.5-1.5|1.6-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |April |0.5-1.5|1.6-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |May |0.5-1.5|1.6-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |November |0.5-1.5|1.6-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |December |0.5-1.5|1.6-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | Mh: | | | | | | | |  Mino----------------------| C |January |0.5-1.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |February |0.5-1.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |March |0.5-1.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |April |0.5-1.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |May |0.5-1.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |November |0.5-1.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |December |0.5-1.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | Mn: | | | | | | | |  Manuscong-----------------| B/D |January | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long | Frequent | - | |February | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long | Frequent | - | |March | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long | Frequent | - | |April | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long | Frequent | - | |May | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Brief |Occasional| - | |November |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Brief |Occasional| - | |December |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Brief |Occasional| - | | | | | | | | MsA: | | | | | | | |  Muskellunge---------------| D |January |0.5-1.5|1.6-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |February |0.5-1.5|1.6-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |March |0.5-1.5|1.6-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |April |0.5-1.5|1.6-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |May |0.5-1.5|1.6-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | MsB: | | | | | | | |  Muskellunge---------------| D |January |0.5-1.5|1.6-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |February |0.5-1.5|1.6-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |March |0.5-1.5|1.6-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |April |0.5-1.5|1.6-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |May |0.5-1.5|1.6-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | 
Table 19.--Water Features--Continued _________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Water table | Ponding |  | | |_______________|_____________________________|_____ Map symbol |Hydro-| Months | Upper | Lower |Surface| Duration |Frequency | Dur and soil name |logic | | limit | limit | water | | |  |group | | | | depth | | | ___________________________|______|__________|_______|_______|_______|__________|__________|_____ | | | Ft | Ft | Ft | | |  | | | | | | | | MuB: | | | | | | | |  Muskellunge---------------| D |January |0.5-1.5|1.6-3.3| --- | --- | None |  | |February |0.5-1.5|1.6-3.3| --- | --- | None |  | |March |0.5-1.5|1.6-3.3| --- | --- | None |  | |April |0.5-1.5|1.6-3.3| --- | --- | None |  | |May |0.5-1.5|1.6-3.3| --- | --- | None |  | | | | | | | | MwB: | | | | | | | |  Muskellunge, undulating---| D |January |0.5-1.5|1.6-3.3| --- | --- | None |  | |February |0.5-1.5|1.6-3.3| --- | --- | None |  | |March |0.5-1.5|1.6-3.3| --- | --- | None |  | |April |0.5-1.5|1.6-3.3| --- | --- | None |  | |May |0.5-1.5|1.6-3.3| --- | --- | None |  | | | | | | | |  Adjidaumo-----------------| D |January |0.0-0.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None |  | |February |0.0-0.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None |  | |March |0.0-0.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None |  | |April |0.0-0.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None |  | |May |0.0-0.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None |  | |June |0.0-0.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None |  | |November |0.0-0.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None |  | |December |0.0-0.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None |  | | | | | | | | Na: | | | | | | | |  Naumburg------------------| C |January |0.5-1.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None |  | |February |0.5-1.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None |  | |March |0.5-1.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None |  | |April |0.5-1.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None |  | |May |0.5-1.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None |  | |December |0.5-1.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None |  | | | | | | | | NhA: | | | | | | | |  Nehasne-------------------| B |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None |  | | | | | | | | NhB: | | | | | | | |  Nehasne-------------------| B |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None |  | | | | | | | | NhC: | | | | | | | |  Nehasne-------------------| B |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None |  | | | | | | | | 
Table 19.--Water Features--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Water table | Ponding |  | | |_______________|_____________________________|______ Map symbol |Hydro-| Months | Upper | Lower |Surface| Duration |Frequency | Dura and soil name |logic | | limit | limit | water | | |  |group | | | | depth | | | ___________________________|______|__________|_______|_______|_______|__________|__________|______ | | | Ft | Ft | Ft | | |  | | | | | | | | NoA: | | | | | | | |  Nicholville---------------| C |January |1.5-2.0|1.7-3.1| --- | --- | None | - | |February |1.5-2.0|1.7-3.1| --- | --- | None | - | |March |1.5-2.0|1.7-3.1| --- | --- | None | - | |April |1.5-2.0|1.7-3.1| --- | --- | None | - | |May |1.5-2.0|1.7-3.1| --- | --- | None | - | |November |1.5-2.0|1.7-3.1| --- | --- | None | - | |December |1.5-2.0|1.7-3.1| --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | NoB: | | | | | | | |  Nicholville---------------| C |January |1.5-2.0|1.7-3.1| --- | --- | None | - | |February |1.5-2.0|1.7-3.1| --- | --- | None | - | |March |1.5-2.0|1.7-3.1| --- | --- | None | - | |April |1.5-2.0|1.7-3.1| --- | --- | None | - | |May |1.5-2.0|1.7-3.1| --- | --- | None | - | |November |1.5-2.0|1.7-3.1| --- | --- | None | - | |December |1.5-2.0|1.7-3.1| --- | --- | None | -NoC: | | | | | | | |  Nicholville, rolling------| C |January |1.5-2.0|1.7-3.1| --- | --- | None | - | |February |1.5-2.0|1.7-3.1| --- | --- | None | - | |March |1.5-2.0|1.7-3.1| --- | --- | None | - | |April |1.5-2.0|1.7-3.1| --- | --- | None | - | |May |1.5-2.0|1.7-3.1| --- | --- | None | - | |November |1.5-2.0|1.7-3.1| --- | --- | None | - | |December |1.5-2.0|1.7-3.1| --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | NrB: | | | | | | | |  Nicholville---------------| C |January |1.5-2.0|1.7-3.1| --- | --- | None | - | |February |1.5-2.0|1.7-3.1| --- | --- | None | - | |March |1.5-2.0|1.7-3.1| --- | --- | None | - | |April |1.5-2.0|1.7-3.1| --- | --- | None | - | |May |1.5-2.0|1.7-3.1| --- | --- | None | - | |November |1.5-2.0|1.7-3.1| --- | --- | None | - | |December |1.5-2.0|1.7-3.1| --- | --- | None | -OgA: | | | | | | | |  Ogdensburg----------------| C |January |0.5-1.5|1.4-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |February |0.5-1.5|1.4-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |March |0.5-1.5|1.4-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |April |0.5-1.5|1.4-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |May |0.5-1.5|1.4-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |November |0.5-1.5|1.4-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |December |0.5-1.5|1.4-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | 
Table 19.--Water Features--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Water table | Ponding |  | | |_______________|_____________________________|______ Map symbol |Hydro-| Months | Upper | Lower |Surface| Duration |Frequency | Dura and soil name |logic | | limit | limit | water | | |  |group | | | | depth | | | ___________________________|______|__________|_______|_______|_______|__________|__________|______ | | | Ft | Ft | Ft | | |  | | | | | | | | OgB: | | | | | | | |  Ogdensburg----------------| C |January |0.5-1.5|1.4-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |February |0.5-1.5|1.4-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |March |0.5-1.5|1.4-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |April |0.5-1.5|1.4-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |May |0.5-1.5|1.4-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |November |0.5-1.5|1.4-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |December |0.5-1.5|1.4-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | Pg: | | | | | | | |  Pits, gravel and sand-----| A |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | Ph: | | | | | | | |  Pits, quarry--------------| --- |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | PmC: | | | | | | | |  Potsdam-------------------| C |January |2.0-3.0|2.5-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |February |2.0-3.0|2.5-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |March |2.0-3.0|2.5-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |April |2.0-3.0|2.5-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |May |2.0-3.0|2.5-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |November |2.0-3.0|2.5-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |December |2.0-3.0|2.5-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | PoC: | | | | | | | |  Potsdam, very bouldery----| C |January |2.0-3.0|2.5-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |February |2.0-3.0|2.5-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |March |2.0-3.0|2.5-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |April |2.0-3.0|2.5-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |May |2.0-3.0|2.5-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |November |2.0-3.0|2.5-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |December |2.0-3.0|2.5-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | |  Tunbridge, very bouldery--| C |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | PoD: | | | | | | | |  Potsdam, very bouldery----| C |January |2.0-3.0|2.5-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |February |2.0-3.0|2.5-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |March |2.0-3.0|2.5-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |April |2.0-3.0|2.5-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |May |2.0-3.0|2.5-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |November |2.0-3.0|2.5-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |December |2.0-3.0|2.5-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | |  Tunbridge, very bouldery--| C |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | 
Table 19.--Water Features--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Water table | Ponding |  | | |_______________|_____________________________|______ Map symbol |Hydro-| Months | Upper | Lower |Surface| Duration |Frequency | Dura and soil name |logic | | limit | limit | water | | |  |group | | | | depth | | | ___________________________|______|__________|_______|_______|_______|__________|__________|______ | | | Ft | Ft | Ft | | |  | | | | | | | | PpD: | | | | | | | |  Potsdam, very bouldery----| C |January |2.0-3.0|2.5-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |February |2.0-3.0|2.5-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |March |2.0-3.0|2.5-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |April |2.0-3.0|2.5-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |May |2.0-3.0|2.5-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |November |2.0-3.0|2.5-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |December |2.0-3.0|2.5-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | |  Berkshire, very bouldery--| B |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | PsC: | | | | | | | |  Potsdam, very bouldery----| C |January |2.0-3.0|2.5-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |February |2.0-3.0|2.5-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |March |2.0-3.0|2.5-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |April |2.0-3.0|2.5-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |May |2.0-3.0|2.5-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |November |2.0-3.0|2.5-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | |December |2.0-3.0|2.5-3.3| --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | |  Crary, very bouldery------| C |February |1.5-2.0|1.5-3.1| --- | --- | None | - | |March |1.5-2.0|1.5-3.1| --- | --- | None | - | |April |1.5-2.0|1.5-3.1| --- | --- | None | - | |May |1.5-2.0|1.5-3.1| --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | PvB: | | | | | | | |  Pyrites-------------------| B |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | PvC: | | | | | | | |  Pyrites-------------------| B |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | PxD: | | | | | | | |  Pyrites, very stony-------| B |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | PyB: | | | | | | | |  Pyrites, rocky------------| B |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | PyC: | | | | | | | |  Pyrites, rocky------------| B |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | PzC: | | | | | | | |  Pyrites, very stony-------| B |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | 
Table 19.--Water Features--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Water table | Ponding |  | | |_______________|_____________________________|______ Map symbol |Hydro-| Months | Upper | Lower |Surface| Duration |Frequency | Dura and soil name |logic | | limit | limit | water | | |  |group | | | | depth | | | ___________________________|______|__________|_______|_______|_______|__________|__________|______ | | | Ft | Ft | Ft | | |  | | | | | | | | QwB: | | | | | | | |  Quetico-------------------| D |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | |  Rock outcrop--------------| D |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | |  Insula--------------------| D |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | RaA: | | | | | | | |  Raquette------------------| B |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | RaB: | | | | | | | |  Raquette------------------| B |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | RaC: | | | | | | | |  Raquette------------------| B |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | Rd: | | | | | | | |  Redwater------------------| B |January |0.5-1.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Bri | |February |0.5-1.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Bri | |March |0.5-1.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Bri | |April |0.5-1.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Bri | |May |0.5-1.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Bri | |November |0.5-1.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Bri | |December |0.5-1.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Bri | | | | | | | | RoA: | | | | | | | |  Roundabout----------------| C |January |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |February |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |March |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |April |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |May |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |November |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |December |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | RoB: | | | | | | | |  Roundabout----------------| C |January |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |February |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |March |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |April |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |May |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |November |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |December |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | 
Table 19.--Water Features--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Water table | Ponding |  | | |_______________|_____________________________|______ Map symbol |Hydro-| Months | Upper | Lower |Surface| Duration |Frequency | Dura and soil name |logic | | limit | limit | water | | |  |group | | | | depth | | | ___________________________|______|__________|_______|_______|_______|__________|__________|______ | | | Ft | Ft | Ft | | |  | | | | | | | | Rt: | | | | | | | |  Runeberk------------------| C/D |January |0.5-1.0|2.0-3.0| --- | --- | None | - | |February |0.5-1.0|2.0-3.0| --- | --- | None | - | |March |0.5-1.0|2.0-3.0| --- | --- | None | - | |April |0.5-1.0|2.0-3.0| --- | --- | None | - | |May |0.5-1.0|2.0-3.0| --- | --- | None | - | |June |0.5-1.0|2.0-3.0| --- | --- | None | - | |July |0.5-1.0|2.0-3.0| --- | --- | None | - | |November |0.5-1.0|2.0-3.0| --- | --- | None | - | |December |0.5-1.0|2.0-3.0| --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | Ru: | | | | | | | |  Runebery, very stony------| C/D |January |0.5-1.0|2.0-3.0| --- | --- | None | - | |February |0.5-1.0|2.0-3.0| --- | --- | None | - | |March |0.5-1.0|2.0-3.0| --- | --- | None | - | |April |0.5-1.0|2.0-3.0| --- | --- | None | - | |May |0.5-1.0|2.0-3.0| --- | --- | None | - | |June |0.5-1.0|2.0-3.0| --- | --- | None | - | |July |0.5-1.0|2.0-3.0| --- | --- | None | - | |November |0.5-1.0|2.0-3.0| --- | --- | None | - | |December |0.5-1.0|2.0-3.0| --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | SaB: | | | | | | | |  Salmon--------------------| B |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | SaC: | | | | | | | |  Salmon, rolling-----------| B |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | Se: | | | | | | | |  Searsport-----------------| D |January | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long | Frequent | - | |February | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long | Frequent | - | |March | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long | Frequent | - | |April | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long | Frequent | - | |May | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long | Frequent | - | |June |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Brief |Occasional| - | |July |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Brief |Occasional| - | |September |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Brief |Occasional| - | |October |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Brief |Occasional| - | |November |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Brief |Occasional| - | |December |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long | Frequent | - | | | | | | | | 
Table 19.--Water Features--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Water table | Ponding |  | | |_______________|_____________________________|______ Map symbol |Hydro-| Months | Upper | Lower |Surface| Duration |Frequency | Dura and soil name |logic | | limit | limit | water | | |  |group | | | | depth | | | ___________________________|______|__________|_______|_______|_______|__________|__________|______ | | | Ft | Ft | Ft | | |  | | | | | | | | Sg: | | | | | | | |  Stockholm-----------------| C |January |0.0-1.0|1.4-3.2| --- | --- | None | - | |February |0.0-1.0|1.4-3.2| --- | --- | None | - | |March |0.0-1.0|1.4-3.2| --- | --- | None | - | |April |0.0-1.0|1.4-3.2| --- | --- | None | - | |May |0.0-1.0|1.4-3.2| --- | --- | None | - | |November |0.0-1.0|1.4-3.2| --- | --- | None | - | |December |0.0-1.0|1.4-3.2| --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | ShB: | | | | | | | |  Summerville---------------| D |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | SkB: | | | | | | | |  Summerville, rocky--------| D |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | |  Gouverneur----------------| D |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | SlD: | | | | | | | |  Summerville, hilly--------| D |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | |  Rock outcrop--------------| D |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | SmC: | | | | | | | |  Summerville, rolling------| D |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | |  Rock outcrop--------------| D |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | |  Nehasne, rolling----------| B |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | SpB: | | | | | | | |  Sunapee-------------------| B |January |1.5-3.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |February |1.5-3.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |March |1.5-3.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |April |1.5-3.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |May |1.5-3.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |November |1.5-3.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |December |1.5-3.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | 
Table 19.--Water Features--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Water table | Ponding |  | | |_______________|_____________________________|______ Map symbol |Hydro-| Months | Upper | Lower |Surface| Duration |Frequency | Dura and soil name |logic | | limit | limit | water | | |  |group | | | | depth | | | ___________________________|______|__________|_______|_______|_______|__________|__________|______ | | | Ft | Ft | Ft | | |  | | | | | | | | SsB: | | | | | | | |  Sunapee, very bouldery----| B |January |1.5-3.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |February |1.5-3.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |March |1.5-3.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |April |1.5-3.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |May |1.5-3.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |November |1.5-3.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |December |1.5-3.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | |  Berkshire, very bouldery--| B |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | Sw: | | | | | | | |  Swanton-------------------| C/D |January |0.0-1.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |February |0.0-1.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |March |0.0-1.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |April |0.0-1.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |May |0.0-1.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |November |0.0-1.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |December |0.0-1.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | TdA: | | | | | | | |  Trout River---------------| A |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | TdB: | | | | | | | |  Trout River---------------| A |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | TfB: | | | | | | | |  Trout River, very stony---| A |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | |  Fahey, very stony---------| B |March |1.5-2.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |April |1.5-2.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |May |1.5-2.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | TuD: | | | | | | | |  Tunbridge-----------------| C |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | |  Lyman---------------------| C/D |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | TwC: | | | | | | | |  Tunbridge, rolling--------| C |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | |  Lyman, rolling------------| C/D |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | 
Table 19.--Water Features--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Water table | Ponding |  | | |_______________|_____________________________|______ Map symbol |Hydro-| Months | Upper | Lower |Surface| Duration |Frequency | Dura and soil name |logic | | limit | limit | water | | |  |group | | | | depth | | | ___________________________|______|__________|_______|_______|_______|__________|__________|______ | | | Ft | Ft | Ft | | |  | | | | | | | | TwC: | | | | | | | |  Dawson--------------------| A/D |January | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0|Very long | Frequent | - | |February | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0|Very long | Frequent | - | |March | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0|Very long | Frequent | - | |April | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0|Very long | Frequent | - | |May | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0|Very long | Frequent | - | |June | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0|Very long | Frequent | - | |September | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long | Frequent | - | |October | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long | Frequent | - | |November | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0|Very long | Frequent | - | |December | 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-1.0|Very long | Frequent | - | | | | | | | | Ua: | | | | | | | |  Udipsamments, smoothed----| --- |January |1.5-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |February |1.5-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |March |1.5-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |April |1.5-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |May |1.5-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |November |1.5-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |December |1.5-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | Ue: | | | | | | | |  Udorthents, loamy---------| --- |January |2.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |February |2.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |March |2.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |April |2.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |May |2.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |November |2.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |December |2.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | Uf: | | | | | | | |  Udorthents, clayey--------| --- |January |2.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |February |2.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |March |2.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |April |2.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |May |2.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |November |2.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |December |2.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | 
Table 19.--Water Features--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Water table | Ponding |  | | |_______________|_____________________________|______ Map symbol |Hydro-| Months | Upper | Lower |Surface| Duration |Frequency | Dura and soil name |logic | | limit | limit | water | | |  |group | | | | depth | | | ___________________________|______|__________|_______|_______|_______|__________|__________|______ | | | Ft | Ft | Ft | | |  | | | | | | | | Ug: | | | | | | | |  Udorthents, mine waste, | | | | | | | |  acid---------------------| --- |January |2.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |February |2.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |March |2.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |April |2.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |May |2.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |November |2.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |December |2.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | Uh: | | | | | | | |  Udorthents, mine waste, | | | | | | | |  nonacid------------------| --- |January |2.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |February |2.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |March |2.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |April |2.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |May |2.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |November |2.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |December |2.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | Un: | | | | | | | |  Udorthents, refuse | | | | | | | |  substratum---------------| --- |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | Ur: | | | | | | | |  Urban land----------------| --- |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | W: | | | | | | | |  Water. | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | WaA: | | | | | | | |  Waddington----------------| A |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | WaB: | | | | | | | |  Waddington----------------| A |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | WaC: | | | | | | | |  Waddington, rolling-------| A |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | WaD: | | | | | | | |  Waddington----------------| A |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | WdB: | | | | | | | |  Waddington, very cobbly | | | | | | | |  sandy loam---------------| A |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | - | | | | | | | | 
Table 19.--Water Features--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Water table | Ponding |  | | |_______________|_____________________________|______ Map symbol |Hydro-| Months | Upper | Lower |Surface| Duration |Frequency | Dura and soil name |logic | | limit | limit | water | | |  |group | | | | depth | | | ___________________________|______|__________|_______|_______|_______|__________|__________|______ | | | Ft | Ft | Ft | | |  | | | | | | | | Wg: | | | | | | | |  Wegatchie-----------------| D |January |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |February |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |March |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |April |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |May |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |June |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |November |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | - | |December |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | -___________________________|______|__________|_______|_______|_______|__________|__________|______
Table 20.--Engineering Index Test Data (Dashes indicate that data were not available. LL means liquid limit; PI, plasticity index; MD, maximum dry density

 moisture; LS, linear shrinkage; and NP, nonplastic.) ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | |  | | Grain-size distribution | |  | |_________________________________________________________________| |  | | | | | |  | | | Percentage | Percentage | |  |Classification | | passing sieve-- |smaller than--| |  Soil name*, |_______________| >3 |____________________________________________|______________| |  report number, | | |inch | | | | | | | | | | | | | |  horizon, and | |Uni- |frac-| 2 | 1 |3/4 |3/8 | No.| No.| No.| No.| No.|.02 |.005|.002| |  depth in inches | AASHTO |fied |tion |inch|inch|inch|inch| 4 | 10 | 40 | 60 |200 | mm | mm | mm | LL | PI ________________________|_________|_____|____ |____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____ | | |Pct | | | | | | | | | | | | |Pct |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |  Croghan sand: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |  (S81NY-089-31) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Ap ------- 0 to 7 | A-3 | SW | 0 |--- |--- |--- |100 |99.9|99.5|88.9|40.8| 7.3|--- |--- |--- |--- | NP E -------- 7 to 10 | A-3 | SP | 0 |--- |--- |--- |100 |99.8|99.5|89.7|35.8| 5.9|--- |--- |--- |--- | NP Bh ------ 10 to 12 | --- | --- | --- |--- |--- |--- |--- |--- |--- |--- |--- |--- |--- |--- |--- |--- | --- Bs1 ----- 12 to 20 | A-3 | SP | 0 |--- |--- |--- |--- |100 |99.9|86.4|25.4| 6.2|--- |--- |--- |--- | NP Bs2 ----- 20 to 33 | A-3 | SP | 0 |--- |--- |--- |100 |99.9|99.8|74.8|15.1| 2.9|--- |--- |--- |--- | NP BC ------ 33 to 44 | A-3 | SP | 0 |--- |--- |--- |--- |--- |100 |97.8|69.6| 2.0|--- |--- |--- |--- | NP C ------- 44 to 60 | A-3 | SP | 0 |--- |--- |--- |--- |--- |100 |99.2|68.8| 1.3|--- |--- |--- |--- | NP  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |  Depeyster silt loam: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |  (S81NY-089-8) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Ap ------- 0 to 10 | A-4 |ML-CL| 0 |--- |--- |100 |99.8|99.6|99.3|97.3|94.6|86.5|53.3|29.5|13.8|33.3|24.5 Bt1 ----- 10 to 20 | A-6 | CL | 0 |--- |100 |--- |--- |100 |99.8|99.3|98.9|96.2|61.8|41.4|27.5|31.3|19.9 Bt2 ----- 20 to 27 | A-6 | CL | 0 |--- |--- |--- |100 |99.9|99.9|99.4|98.7|93.0|56.2|35.3|25.3|33.3|19.2 BC ------ 27 to 39 | A-4 | CL | 0 |--- |--- |99.9|99.8|99.8|99.8|99.0|97.9|90.5|51.4|28.8|18.7|27.4|17.9  C ------ 38 to 60 | A-4 |ML-CL| 0 |--- |--- |100 |99.9|99.6|99.5|98.5|97.2|88.4|41.9|19.1|10.6|24.4|17.9  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |  Hannawa loam: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |  (S81NY-089-23) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Ap ------- 0 to 8 | A-4 | SM | 0 |100 |97.7|97.3|96.0|94.1|91.1|82.2|73.1|49.5|19.3| 8.3| 5.1|--- | NP Bw ------- 8 to 14 | A-4 | SM | 0 | 99 |97.2|96.4|93.5|90.5|85.8|74.0|63.3|39.6|15.3| 7.8| 4.8|--- | NP BC ------ 14 to 19 | A-4 | SM | 0 | 99 |97.2|96.4|93.5|90.5|85.7|74.0|63.2|39.6|15.3| 7.8| 4.8|--- | NP  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |  Hogansburg fine sandy | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |  loam: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |  (S81NY-089-42) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Ap ------- 0 to 10 | A-4 | SM | 0 |97.0|96.5|96.2|95.4|93.7|91.7|85.5|76.2|49.0|17.4| 6.7| 4.0|--- | NP Bw1 ----- 10 to 15 | A-4 | ML | 0 |98.9|98.3|98.1|97.4|96.4|95.4|90.2|84.1|61.1|24.6|10.3| 5.9|--- | NP Bw2 ----- 15 to 25 | A-4 | ML | 0 |100 |97.9|97.4|95.8|93.9|92.1|85.9|80.7|65.0|26.4|14.7| 8.9|22.0| NP C1 ------ 25 to 38 | A-2-4 | SM | 0 |92.7|84.6|82.7|78.0|72.9|66.1|56.3|51.2|35.1|14.5| 6.9| 3.8|--- | NP C2 ------ 38 to 60 | A-4 | SM | 0 |91.8|87.5|85.6|80.1|74.4|66.9|56.3|50.8|35.6|15.4| 7.4| 4.1|--- | NP  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |  See footnote at end of table.
Table 20.--Engineering Index Test Data--Continued ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |  | | Grain-size distribution | |  | |_________________________________________________________________| |  | | | | | |  | | | Percentage | Percentage | |  |Classification | | passing sieve-- |smaller than--| |  Soil name*, |_______________| >3 |____________________________________________|______________| |  report number, | | |inch | | | | | | | | | | | | | |  horizon, and | |Uni- |frac-| 2 | 1 |3/4 |3/8 | No.| No.| No.| No.| No.|.02 |.005|.002| |  depth in inches | AASHTO |fied |tion |inch|inch|inch|inch| 4 | 10 | 40 | 60 |200 | mm | mm | mm | LL | PI ________________________|_________|_____|____ |____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____ | | |Pct | | | | | | | | | | | | |Pct |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |  Matoon silty clay | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |  loam: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |  (S81NY-089-7) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Ap ------- 0 to 8 | A-4 | OL | 0 |--- |98.8|98.5|98.0|97.0|94.6|89.2|86.0|79.4|69.0|46.4|12.2|39.0|34.BE ------- 8 to 12 | A-4 | CL | 0 |--- |98.9|98.8|98.2|97.7|95.4|91.4|89.0|83.9|75.0|56.7|19.0|30.0|19.Bt1 ----- 12 to 16 | A-6 |ML-CL| 0 |--- |--- |100 |99.9|99.8|99.1|97.3|95.9|92.5|84.0|66.0|27.2|33.4|22.Bt2 ----- 16 to 27 | A-7-6 | CL | 0 |--- |100 |99.9|99.7|99.6|99.1|97.4|96.0|93.0|84.0|65.1|29.5|44.4|22. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |  Raquette sandy loam: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |  (S81NY-089-9) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Ap ------- 0 to 9 | A-2-4 | SM | 0 |98.7|93.6|92.3|90.0|88.1|84.5|67.2|49.3|26.8| 9.8| 4.3| 1.6|--- | NP Bw1 ------ 9 to 19 | A-2-4 | SM | 0 |98.7|97.3|96.2|92.9|90.1|87.1|72.2|53.6|29.3| 9.9| 3.0| 1.4|--- | NP 2Bw2 ---- 19 to 25 | A-1-b | SM | 0 |97.5|87.6|81.6|71.3|62.6|56.3|42.0|26.0|15.7| 6.9| 3.8| 2.3|--- | NP 2BC ----- 25 to 50 | A-1-a |GW-GM| 0 |93.0|76.3|69.9|55.5|45.9|36.3|16.4|11.0| 6.7|--- |--- |--- |--- | NP  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |  Redwater fine sandy | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |  loam: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |  (S81NY-089-21) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Ap ------- 0 to 7 | A-2-4 | SM | 0 |--- |--- |100 |99.9|99.9|99.8|93.1|64.8|20.2| 8.2| 5.4| 2.0|--- | NP Bw1 ------ 7 to 19 | A-2-4 | SM | 0 |--- |--- |--- |--- |100 |99.9|96.0|76.0|25.1|11.1| 6.2| 2.5|--- | NP Bw2 ----- 19 to 30 | A-2-4 | SM | 0 |--- |--- |--- |--- |--- |100 |98.7|87.8|33.4|13.0| 5.7| 3.1|--- | NP BC ------ 30 to 38 | A-4 | SM | 0 |--- |--- |--- |--- |--- |100 |98.9|89.9|36.4|15.5| 7.6| 3.9|--- | NP C ------- 38 to 60 | A-2-4 | SM | 0 |--- |--- |--- |100 |99.9|99.8|95.6|77.4|26.3|12.2| 6.1| 3.8|--- | NP  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |  Stockholm loamy fine | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |  sand: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |  (S81NY-089-2) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Ap ------- 0 to 10 | A-2-4 | SM | 0 |100 |98.3|98.1|97.7|97.0|96.3|90.1|71.8|29.6| 9.7| 5.3| 2.9|--- | NP Bh ------ 10 to 12 | --- | --- | --- |--- |--- |--- |--- |--- |--- |--- |--- |--- |--- |--- |--- |--- | --Bs ------ 12 to 20 | A-2-4 | SM | 0 |--- |--- |--- |--- |100 |99.3|90.8|65.2|13.1|--- |--- |--- |--- | NP E ------- 20 to 23 | --- | --- | --- |--- |--- |--- |--- |--- |--- |--- |--- |--- |--- |--- |--- |--- | --2Bw ----- 23 to 30 | A-7-5 | ML | 0 |--- |99.8|99.7|99.3|98.8|98.3|96.1|94.5|91.8|61.3|46.2|28.2|41.9|30.2C ------ 30 to 58 | A-7-6 |ML-CL| 0 |--- |--- |100 |99.9|99.6|99.2|97.7|96.1|93.0|72.1|56.1|37.8|46.6|29.3C ------ 58 to 69 | A-6 | CL | 0 |--- |99.8|99.7|99.6|99.3|98.6|95.7|90.7|80.9|55.0|46.6|34.7|35.5|19. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |  See footnote at end of table.
Table 20.--Engineering Index Test Data--Continued ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |  | | Grain-size distribution | |  | |_________________________________________________________________| |  | | | | | |  | | | Percentage | Percentage | |  |Classification | | passing sieve-- |smaller than--| |  Soil name*, |_______________| >3 |____________________________________________|______________| |  report number, | | |inch | | | | | | | | | | | | | |  horizon, and | |Uni- |frac-| 2 | 1 |3/4 |3/8 | No.| No.| No.| No.| No.|.02 |.005|.002| |  depth in inches | AASHTO |fied |tion |inch|inch|inch|inch| 4 | 10 | 40 | 60 |200 | mm | mm | mm | LL | PI ________________________|_________|_____|____ |____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____ | | |Pct | | | | | | | | | | | | |Pct |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |  Waddington gravelly | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |  sandy loam: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |  (S81NY-089-19) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Ap ------- 0 to 8 | A-4 | SM | 0 |92.2|86.0|84.7|82.3|78.7|73.7|55.1|51.1|40.3|13.6| 5.9| 3.4|--- | NP Bw ------- 8 to 12 | A-2-4 | SM | 0 |93.0|81.2|76.3|69.1|65.6|60.5|40.9|38.3|29.4|11.1| 5.3| 3.0|26.3|24.8 2BC ----- 12 to 19 | A-1-a | SM | 0 |91.6|83.3|79.2|68.8|59.4|44.8|19.7|18.2|12.5|--- |--- |--- |--- | NP 2C1 ----- 19 to 36 | A-1-a |SW-SM| 0 |89.8|73.0|69.0|61.0|53.9|44.9|12.8|11.1| 7.4|--- |--- |--- |--- | NP 2C2 ----- 36 to 60 | A-1-a |GW-GM| 0 |82.6|65.7|61.9|53.1|45.9|38.2|22.3|16.4| 9.2|--- |--- |--- |--- | NP  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |  Wegatchie silt loam: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |  (S81NY-089-6) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Ap ------- 0 to 8 | A-5 | OH | 0 |--- |--- |100 |99.8|99.6|98.8|95.0|91.8|83.9|46.6|24.3|12.8|54.0|47.9 Bg1 ------ 8 to 13 | A-6 |ML-CL| 0 |--- |100 |99.9|99.7|99.6|98.7|94.7|92.1|85.2|58.2|33.6|22.1|35.2|22.7 Bg2 ----- 13 to 19 | A-7-6 |ML-CL| 0 |--- |100 |99.9|99.7|99.6|99.0|96.5|94.9|91.1|62.5|40.5|30.3|41.0|27.2 BCg ----- 19 to 40 | A-6 | CL | 0 |--- |--- |100 |99.8|99.6|99.3|96.5|94.1|86.6|58.9|32.3|19.3|31.7|19.7 ________________________|_________|_____|_____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____ * Location of pedon sampled is the same as that given for the typical pedon in "Soil Series and Their Morpholog
St. Lawrence County, New York 705

 Table 21.--Classification of the Soils

______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 |

 Soil name | Family or higher taxonomic class

__________________________|___________________________________________________________________________

 |

 Adams--------------------|Sandy, mixed, frigid Typic Haplorthods

 Adirondack---------------|Coarse-loamy, mixed, frigid Typic Haplaquods

 Adjidaumo----------------|Fine, mixed, nonacid, frigid Mollic Haplaquepts

 Berkshire----------------|Coarse-loamy, mixed, frigid Typic Haplorthods

 Borosaprists-------------|Borosaprists

 Carbondale---------------|Euic Hemic Borosaprists

 Colton-------------------|Sandy-skeletal, mixed, frigid Typic Haplorthods

 Cook---------------------|Sandy over loamy, mixed, nonacid, frigid Mollic Haplaquents

 Cornish------------------|Coarse-silty, mixed, frigid Fluvaquentic Dystrochrepts

 Coveytown----------------|Sandy over loamy, mixed, nonacid, frigid Aeric Haplaquents

 Crary--------------------|Coarse-loamy, mixed, frigid Aquic Haplorthods

 Croghan------------------|Sandy, mixed, frigid Aquic Haplorthods

 Dawson-------------------|Sandy or sandy-skeletal, mixed, dysic Terric Borosaprists

 Deford-------------------|Mixed, frigid Typic Psammaquents

 Depeyster----------------|Fine-silty, mixed Aquic Glossoboralfs

 Dorval-------------------|Clayey, mixed, euic Terric Borosaprists

 Duxbury------------------|Coarse-loamy over sandy or sandy-skeletal, mixed, frigid Typic Haplorthods

 Eelweir------------------|Coarse-loamy, mixed, frigid Aquic Dystric Eutrochrepts

 Elmwood------------------|Coarse-loamy over clayey, mixed, frigid Aquic Dystric Eutrochrepts

 Fahey--------------------|Sandy-skeletal, mixed, frigid Aquentic Haplorthods

 Flackville---------------|Sandy over clayey, mixed, frigid Aquic Haplorthods

 Fluvaquents--------------|Fluvaquents

 Gouverneur---------------|Loamy, mixed, nonacid, frigid Lithic Udorthents

 Grenville----------------|Coarse-loamy, mixed, frigid Typic Eutrochrepts

 Guff---------------------|Fine, mixed, nonacid, frigid Mollic Haplaquepts

 Hailesboro---------------|Fine-silty, mixed, frigid Aeric Ochraqualfs

 Hannawa------------------|Loamy, mixed, frigid Lithic Haplaquolls

 Heuvelton----------------|Fine, mixed Aquic Glossoboralfs

 Hogansburg---------------|Coarse-loamy, mixed, frigid Aquic Eutrochrepts

 Insula-------------------|Loamy, mixed, frigid Lithic Dystrochrepts

 Kalurah------------------|Coarse-loamy, mixed, frigid Aquic Dystric Eutrochrepts

 Lovewell-----------------|Coarse-silty, mixed, frigid Fluvaquentic Dystrochrepts

 Loxley-------------------|Dysic Typic Borosaprists

 Lyman--------------------|Loamy, mixed, frigid Lithic Haplorthods

 Lyme---------------------|Coarse-loamy, mixed, acid, frigid Aeric Haplaquepts

 Malone-------------------|Coarse-loamy, mixed, nonacid, frigid Aeric Haplaquepts

 Matoon-------------------|Fine, mixed, frigid Aeric Ochraqualfs

 Mino---------------------|Coarse-loamy, mixed, nonacid, frigid Aeric Haplaquepts

 Munuscong----------------|Coarse-loamy over clayey, mixed, nonacid, frigid Mollic Haplaquepts

 Muskellunge--------------|Fine, mixed, frigid Aeric Ochraqualfs

 Naumburg-----------------|Sandy, mixed, frigid Aeric Haplaquods

 Nehasne------------------|Coarse-loamy, mixed, frigid Dystric Eutrochrepts

 Nicholville--------------|Coarse-silty, mixed, frigid Aquic Haplorthods

 Ogdensburg---------------|Coarse-loamy, mixed Aquic Haploborolls

 Potsdam------------------|Coarse-loamy, mixed, frigid Typic Haplorthods

 Pyrities-----------------|Coarse-loamy, mixed, frigid Dystric Eutrochrepts

 Quetico------------------|Loamy, mixed, acid, frigid Lithic Udorthents

 Raquette-----------------|Sandy, mixed, frigid Typic Eutrochrepts

 Redwater-----------------|Coarse-loamy, mixed, frigid Fluvaquentic Eutrochrepts

 Ricker-------------------|Dysic Lithic Borofolists

 Roundabout---------------|Coarse-silty, mixed, nonacid, frigid Aeric Haplaquepts

 Runeberg-----------------|Coarse-loamy, mixed, frigid Typic Haplaquolls

 Salmon-------------------|Coarse-silty, mixed, frigid Typic Haplorthods

 Searsport----------------|Sandy, mixed, frigid Histic Humaquepts

 Stockholm----------------|Sandy over clayey, mixed, frigid Typic Haplaquods

 Summerville--------------|Loamy, mixed, frigid Lithic Eutrochrepts

 Sunapee------------------|Coarse-loamy, mixed, frigid Aquic Haplorthods

 Swanton------------------|Coarse-loamy over clayey, mixed, nonacid, frigid Aeric Haplaquepts

 Trout River--------------|Sandy-skeletal, mixed, frigid Entic Haplorthods

 Tughill------------------|Loamy-skeletal, mixed, nonacid, frigid Histic Humaquepts

 Tunbridge----------------|Coarse-loamy, mixed, frigid Typic Haplorthods

 Udifluvents--------------|Udifluvents

 Udipsamments-------------|Udipsamments

 Udorthents---------------|Udorthents

 Waddington---------------|Loamy-skeletal, mixed, frigid Typic Eutrochrepts

 |
706

 Table 21.--Classification of the Soils--Continued

______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 |

 Soil name | Family or higher taxonomic class

__________________________|___________________________________________________________________________

 |

 Wegatchie----------------|Fine-silty, mixed, nonacid, frigid Mollic Haplaquepts

__________________________|___________________________________________________________________________
 Table 22.--Relationships Among Parent Material, Dominant Texture, and Drainage of the Soils _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | |  Parent material |Excessively| Somewhat | Well | Moderately | Somewhat | Poorly  | drained |excessively| drained | well | poorly | drained  | | drained | | drained | drained | _________________________________|___________|___________|____________|_____________|_____________|__________ | | | | | | Soils formed in alluvium: | | | | | |  | | | | | |  Medium textured and moderately | | | | | Redwater |  coarse textured; bedrock at a | | | | | |  depth of 40 to 60 inches | | | | | |  | | | | | |  Medium textured; very deep | | | | Lovewell | Cornish |  | | | | | |  Variable texture; very deep; | | |Udifluvents | Udifluvents | Fluvaquents | Fluvaquen subject to frequent flooding | | | | | | _________________________________|___________|___________|____________|_____________|_____________|__________ | | | | | | Soils formed in glacial outwash: | | | | | |  | | | | | |  Sands and gravel; reddish | Colton | | | | |  brown subsoil; acid; on kames,| | | | | |  eskers, and outwash plains | | | | | |  | | | | | |  Sands and gravel; brown |Trout River| | | Fahey | |  subsoil; acid; on glacial lake| | | | | |  beaches and terraces | | | | | |  | | | | | |  Sands; strongly acid and | Adams | Adams | | Croghan | Naumburg | Naumburg  moderately acid in the subsoil| | | | | |  | | | | | |  Sands; slightly acid to | | Raquette | | | |  slightly alkaline; 3 to 35 | | | | | |  percent rock fragments in the | | | | | |  subsoil | | | | | |  | | | | | |  Sands; slightly acid to | | | | | | Deford  slightly alkaline; 0 to 10 | | | | | |  percent rock fragments in the | | | | | |  subsoil | | | | | |  | | | | | |  Moderately coarse textured | |Waddington | | | |  material over sand and gravel;| | | | | |  on glacial lake beaches and | | | | | |  deltas | | | | | |  | | | | | |  Medium textured material over | | | Duxbury | | |  sand and gravel; on outwash | | | | | |  plains and terraces | | | | | |  | | | | | |  See footnotes at end of table.
 Table 22.--Relationships Among Parent Material, Dominant Texture, and Drainage of the Soils--Con_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | |  Parent material |Excessively| Somewhat | Well | Moderately | Somewhat | Poorly  | drained |excessively| drained | well | poorly | drained  | | drained | | drained | drained | _________________________________|___________|___________|____________|_____________|_____________|__________ | | | | | | Soils formed in lacustrine and | | | | | |  marine sediments: | | | | | |  | | | | | |  Sandy over clayey material | | | | Flackville | | Stockhol | | | | | |  Moderately coarse textured | | | | Elmwood | Swanton | Swanton  material 20 to 40 inches thick| | | | | |  over clayey material | | | | | |  | | | | | |  Moderately coarse textured and | | | | Eelweir | Mino |  medium textured; more than 18 | | | | | |  percent clay and 15 percent or| | | | | |  more sand | | | | | |  | | | | | |  Medium textured; more than 18 | | | Salmon | Nicholville | Roundabout |  percent clay and more than 15 | | | | | |  percent sand | | | | | |  | | | | | |  Medium textured; 18 to 35 | | | | Depeyster | Hailesboro | Wegatchie  percent clay and more than 15 | | | | | |  percent sand | | | | | |  | | | | | |  Clayey (35 percent or more clay| | | | Heuvelton | Muskellunge | Adjidaumo  in the subsoil); very deep | | | | | |  | | | | | |  Clayey (35 percent or more clay| | | | | Matoon | Guff  in the subsoil); bedrock at a| | | | | |  depth of 20 to 40 inches | | | | | | _________________________________|___________|___________|____________|_____________|_____________|__________ | | | | | | Soils formed in glacial till: | | | | | |  | | | | | |  Friable; moderately coarse | | | Berkshire | Sunapee | | Lyme  textured; strongly acid in the| | | | | |  subsoil; very deep | | | | | |  | | | | | |  Friable; moderately coarse | | | | | Adirondack |  textured; strongly acid in the| | | | | |  subsoil and dense in the | | | | | |  substratum | | | | | |  | | | | | |  Moderately coarse textured and | | | Tunbridge | | |  medium textured; acid, | | | | | |  siliceous bedrock at a depth | | | | | |  of 20 to 40 inches* | | | | | |  | | | | | |  See footnotes at end of table.
 Table 22.--Relationships Among Parent Material, Dominant Texture, and Drainage of the Soils--Con_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | |  Parent material |Excessively| Somewhat | Well | Moderately | Somewhat | Poorly  | drained |excessively| drained | well | poorly | drained  | | drained | | drained | drained | _________________________________|___________|___________|____________|_____________|_____________|__________ | | | | | | Soils formed in glacial till: | | | | | |  | | | | | |  Moderately coarse textured and | | Lyman | Insula | | |  medium textured; acid, | | | | | |  siliceous bedrock at a depth | | | | | |  of 10 to 20 inches* | | | | | |  | | | | | |  Moderately coarse textured and | | Quetico | | | |  medium textured; acid, | | | | | |  siliceous bedrock at a depth | | | | | |  4 to 10 inches* | | | | | |  | | | | | |  Medium textured; friable | | | Potsdam | Crary | |  subsoil over a dense | | | | | |  substratum | | | | | |  | | | | | |  Medium textured and moderately | | | Pyrities | Kalurah | |  coarse textured; calcareous at| | | | | |  a depth of 40 to 80 inches | | | | | |  | | | | | |  Medium textured and moderately | | | Grenville | Hogansburg | Malone | Runeberg  coarse textured; calcareous at| | | | | |  a depth of more than 40 inches| | | | | |  | | | | | |  Medium textured and moderately | | | Nehasne | | Ogdensburg |  coarse textured; limestone, | | | | | |  dolomitic sandstone, or marble| | | | | |  bedrock at a depth of 20 to 40| | | | | |  inches | | | | | |  | | | | | |  Medium textured and moderately | | |Summerville | | | Hannawa  coarse textured; limestone, | | | | | |  dolomitic sandstone, or marble| | | | | |  bedrock at a depth of 10 to 20| | | | | |  inches | | | | | |  | | | | | |  Medium textured and moderately |Gouverneur |Gouverneur | | | |  coarse textured; limestone, | | | | | |  dolomitic sandstone, or marble| | | | | |  bedrock at a depth of 1 to 9 | | | | | |  inches | | | | | |  | | | | | |  Sandy over loamy, wave-worked | | | | Fahey | Coveytown | Cook  till; on glacial lake beaches | | | | | |  | | | | | |  | | | | | |  See footnotes at end of table.
 Table 22.--Relationships Among Parent Material, Dominant Texture, and Drainage of the Soils--Con

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | |  Parent material |Excessively| Somewhat | Well | Moderately | Somewhat | Poorly  | drained |excessively| drained | well | poorly | drained  | | drained | | drained | drained | _________________________________|___________|___________|____________|_____________|_____________|__________ | | | | | | Soils formed in organic material:| | | | | |  | | | | | |  Organic deposits of variable | | | | | |  depth and composition | | | | | |  | | | | | |  Highly decomposed organic | | | | | |  deposits more than 51 inches | | | | | |  deep; extremely acid (in | | | | | |  CaCl2) throughout the | | | | | |  profile** | | | | | |  | | | | | |  Highly decomposed organic | | | | | |  deposits more than 51 inches | | | | | |  deep; very strongly acid or | | | | | |  higher pH | | | | | |  | | | | | |  Highly decomposed organic | | | | | |  deposits 16 to 50 inches deep | | | | | |  over sandy mineral material | | | | | |  | | | | | |  Highly decomposed organic | | | | | |  deposits 16 to 50 inches deep | | | | | |  over clayey mineral material | | | | | |  | | | | | |  Slightly decomposed and | Ricker | Ricker | Ricker | | |  moderately decomposed organic | | | | | |  deposits 2 to 26 inches thick | | | | | |  over bedrock | | | | | |  | | | | | | Soils formed in material | | | | | |  disturbed by man: | | | | | |  | | | | | |  Loamy or clayey material, mine | | | Udorthents | Udorthents | |  waste, or refuse material | | | | | |  | | | | | |  Sandy texture |Udipsaments|Udipsaments|Udipsaments | Udipsaments | | _________________________________|___________|___________|____________|_____________|_____________|__________ * Acid, siliceous bedrock in the survey area consists mainly of forms of granite, gneiss, or acid sandst ** Reaction was measured in 0.01M calcium chloride.
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