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IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS OF THE STATE OF DELAWARE

IN AND FOR SUSSEX COUNTY

COVE OWNERS ASSOCIATION, INC., )

Plaintiff, )

) C.A. No. CPU6-19-000104

 v. )

)

1205 COASTAL LLC, )

Defendant. ) 

)

 )

Submitted: December 3, 2021

Decided: February ____, 2022

Robert J. Valihura, Jr., Esq.: Attorney for Plaintiff

Richard E. Berl, Jr., Esq.: Attorney for Defendant

DECISION AFTER TRIAL

This is a debt collection matter arising out of condominium fees and 

assessments owed to Cove Owners Association (“Plaintiff”) by 1205 Coastal LLC 

(“Defendant”). Trial was held on December 3, 2021. The Court reserved decision 

following closing arguments. For the following reasons, the Court finds Plaintiff 

has met its burden of proof and enters judgment against Defendant.

DISCUSSION

The Court heard testimony from four witnesses: Plaintiffs’ witnesses Mary 

Kay Nickel, Patty Walker, Ed Pratt; and Defendant’s witness Jeff Treacy. The 

Court makes the following findings of fact from the relevant testimony, admitted 

evidence, and weight and credibility the Court attributes to such testimony and 

evidence, and reaches the following conclusions of law:
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Defendant is the owner of Building 3 in the Cove Condominium Complex

located at 1205 Coastal Highway in Dewey Beach, Delaware. Defendant 

purchased Building 3 in July 2018. Defendant owns a .0375% share in the Cove

Condominium. Defendant is responsible for his proportionate share of

condominium fees and assessments. Defendant’s building is split into commercial 

and residential use, and is the only building in the condominium with a permitted 

commercial use. The first floor of the building is leased as a restaurant to MezCali 

Taquería Y Mezcal Bar; the second floor is residential. Plaintiff filed this action 

claiming 1) Defendant has failed to pay its assessed share of a capital improvement 

loan the Cove secured in 2017; and 2) Defendant has failed to pay certain 

commercial flood insurance costs Plaintiff assessed to Defendant under the terms 

of the Condominium Declaration1and Code of Regulations2. Defendant denies

owing the amounts claimed, and counterclaims it has been overbilled for flood 

insurance premiums and other common expenses.

Capital Improvement Loan

The Cove complex consists of both condominiums and townhomes. In 2017 

owners in the Cove complex voted to secure a loan for a capital improvement 

project that totaled roughly $1 million. Owners were responsible for their 

proportionate share of the loan; Building 3’s unit share of the loan was $32,016.00. 

Owners had the option to pay in full by October 1, 2018 or to pay monthly with 

1 Plaintiff’s Exhibit 4. The original Declaration and seven Amendments thereto are of record in Office of the Sussex 

County Delaware Recorder of Deeds.

2 Plaintiff’s Exhibit 5. The original Code of Regulations and a First Amendment thereto are of record in the Office 

of the Sussex County Delaware Recorder of Deeds.
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interest over the course of four years. The previous owner of Building 3 was aware 

of this obligation. The loan obligation attaches to ownership of Building 3. 

Therefore, Defendant assumed the obligation when it purchased and took title to 

Building 3 of the Cove Condominium.

Ms. Nickel, President of the Cove Owners Association, testified that all 

owners are responsible for their proportionate share of the capital improvement 

loan. She noted if an owner chose not to pay his or her share in full by October 

2018, those, like Defendant, with a .0375% condominium interest were assessed a

monthly payment of $667 until paid in full. All owners have paid on time except 

Defendant and one other. All owners are responsible for common expenses 

assessed per the Code of Regulations, which provides that “no unit owner may 

exempt himself from liability for his contribution toward common expenses by 

waiver of the use of enjoyment of any of the common elements or by abandonment 

of his unit.” 3

Defendant, through its principal Mr. Treacy, acknowledges it did not pay 

the lump-sum assessment for the capital improvement project, nor has it paid the 

alternate $667 monthly assessment for the project loan. Defendant essentially 

maintains it has not paid the loan assessment because sufficient improvement 

work on its particular building has yet to be undertaken, and it had been in 

negotiations with Plaintiff to determine the scope and commencement of work on 

Building 3 and the appurtenances to the restaurant. Mr. Treacy also alleges he 

3 See Plaintiff’s Exhibit 5, page 18.
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was unaware of this condominium obligation when he purchased Building 3. 

However, he was the commercial tenant of the predecessor owner of Building 3 

when the capital loan was incurred, and the project approved by Plaintiff.

“As with any other contract, the intent of the parties to a condominium 

declaration or code of regulations must be ascertained from the language of the 

contract. Where that language is clear and unambiguous, this court will accord 

that language its ordinary meaning.”4 Further, the obligation to pay condominium 

fees is unconditional.5“Whatever grievance a unit owner may have against 

the condominium trustees must not be permitted to affect the collection of 

lawfully assessed common area expense charges. . .. For the same reason that 

taxpayers may not lawfully decline to pay lawfully assessed taxes because of some 

grievance or claim against the taxing governmental unit, a condominium unit 

owner may not decline to pay lawful assessments.”6 The relevant language of the 

Cove Condominium Declaration and Code of Regulations is clear and 

unambiguous in its creation and imposition of the obligation upon owners to pay 

their proportionate share of the capital improvement loan. Defendant’s 

complaints regarding the order or manner in which Plaintiff has chosen to 

approach the project and apply the funds are irrelevant to that obligation under 

Delaware law. The Court does not find any parol agreement between the parties 

from their discussions regarding the work to be done on Defendant’s unit that 

4 Council of Dorset Condo. Apartments v. Gordon, 801 A.2d 1, 5 (Del. 2002) (quoting Citadel Holding Corp. v.

Roven, 603 A.2d 818, 822 (Del.1992)).

5 Park Ctr. Condo. Council v. Epps, 1997 WL 817875, at * 2 (Del. Super. Ct. 1997).

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Id.
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would validly alter, delay or forgive Defendant’s obligations to make timely 

payment of its share of the loan, to the detriment of other unit owners.

Finally, under the Cove Code of Regulations, “if the assessment is not paid 

on its due date, the assessment shall bear interest at the Delaware interest rate on 

judgments from its due date, and a late charge of $25 shall be applied per month . 

. . until it is paid.”7

Plaintiff has established by a preponderance of the evidence that Defendant 

owes Plaintiff $32,016.00 as its unpaid proportionate share of the capital 

improvement, plus late fees of $950.00, and interest thereon from the original due 

date of the assessment.

Commercial Flood Insurance Costs

As noted above, Defendant’s Building 3 is the only part of the Cove 

Condominium that has a permitted commercial use. The first floor of Building 3 

is a restaurant/bar, and the second floor is a residence. Clearly in anticipation of 

the fact that the commercial use of Building 3 may increase insurance costs on the 

overall Condominium beyond those of ordinary residential use, on April 30, 1994 

the Cove Declaration was amended to provide “if the use of the commercial unit, 

Building 3, Unit 300, Stage I, causes any increase in the insurance rates of the 

condominium, the increase in rates over the customary residential rate will be at 

the cost and expense of the owner of Building 3, Unit 300, Stage I.”8

7 See Plaintiff’s Exhibit 5, page 43.

8 See Plaintiff’s Exhibit 4 (Deed Book 2030, page 147).
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The evidence at trial established that, in particular, flood insurance rates are 

drastically higher on commercial use properties than residential properties. In 

fact, due to the commercial use of the first floor of Building 3, under FEMA 

regulations the entire building is assessed and insured at a commercial rate 

separate from the flood insurance policy and rate covering the balance of the Cove 

Condominium. To address this situation, and, the Court finds, to be equitable to 

the owner of Building 3 as well as comply with the commercial insurance 

provisions of Amendment 2 of the Declaration, Plaintiff and its insurance agent 

developed a method to calculate the “increase in rates over the customary 

residential rate” to be separately assessed to, and paid by, the Building 3 owner

under the terms of the Declaration Amendment.

Ms. Patty Walker of Williams Insurance Agency, Plaintiff’s insurance agent 

at the time, testified that she developed the calculation by reference to another 

similar but purely residential building in the Cove Condominium. The Court finds 

the method established to be a reasonable and accurate calculation of the 

“increase in rates” caused by the commercial use.

The prior owners of Building 3 paid the calculated differential. Defendant, 

however, has refused to pay the calculated differential, insisting that it is only 

obligated to pay the 0.0375% share of the overall flood insurance costs included in 

its monthly assessment, which Defendant does pay.

The Court finds no merit in this argument. Amendment 2 addressing 

increased commercial insurance costs was adopted after the original Declaration 

establishing unit assessment obligations, and therefore controls in interpreting 
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those obligations. The language of that Amendment is clear and unambiguous. 

The Declaration and its Amendments are of record in the Office of the Sussex 

County Recorder of Deeds, and therefore Defendant had record notice of them, 

and purchased Building 3 subject to them. The owner of Building 3 must pay the 

increased flood insurance costs caused by its commercial use. Plaintiff reasonably 

calculated that increased flood insurance cost differential.

The Court finds from the evidence that Defendant has failed to pay Plaintiff 

$23,452.92 in flood insurance premiums and late fees accrued thereon.

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Counterclaim

Inasmuch as Plaintiff has clearly established its claims regarding the loan 

and flood insurance assessments, and Defendant has offered no evidence of any 

other alleged over-charged assessments, the Court finds against Defendant on its 

Counterclaim.

Attorney’s Fees

In Delaware the general rule is each party must bear its attorney's fees and 

expenses of litigation unless there is a “contractual or statutory basis for 

liability.”10 An attorneys’ fees personal liability provision contained in a valid 

condominium declaration or code of regulations is an enforceable contractual 

obligation against a record owner of such a condominium unit.11 The Court may 

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Id.

10 Dixon v. Council of Cliff House Condo., 2009 WL 5455537, at *3 (Del. Com. Dec. 8, 2009) (quoting Bergin v. 

McCloskey, 2008 WL 4662378, at *1 (Del. Com. Oct. 22, 2008)); Casson v. Nationwide Ins. Co., 455 A.2d 361, 370 

(Del. Super. Ct. 1982).

11 Dixon, supra.
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order payment of reasonable attorney's fees as part of costs to be paid by the 

losing party as long as payment of such fees is authorized by some provision of 

statute or contract.12 The First Amendment to the Cove Code of Regulations 

provides if judgment is obtained “such judgment shall include interest, reasonable 

attorney’s fees to obtain and enforce such judgment, and costs as fixed by the 

court.”13 Plaintiff is entitled to reasonable attorneys’ fees incurred in the 

obtainment and collection of this judgment. 

CONCLUSION

The Court finds Plaintiff has met its burden of proof and established 

Defendant has failed to meet its obligation to pay all fees and assessment 

associated with Building 3. Judgment is entered in favor of Plaintiff, Cove Owners 

Association, and against Defendant 1205 Coastal LLC in the amount of $56,418.92, 

plus pre-judgment and post-judgment interest at the legal rate from October 1, 

2018, plus reasonable attorney’s fees to be determined by the Court. Plaintiff shall 

submit an affidavit of reasonable attorney’s fees within twenty-one (21) days of 

this Order; Defendant shall have fourteen (14) days to file any response to the 

affidavit. 

IT IS SO ORDERED this _____ day of February, 2022. 

______________________________________

Kenneth S. Clark, Jr.,

Judge

12 Casson v. Nationwide Ins. Co., 455 A.2d 361, 370 (Del. Super. Ct. 1982).

13See Plaintiff’s Exhibit 5, Code of Regulations, First Amendment, page 43