CHAPTER 9. TRIAL STANDARD LEVELS

TABLE OF CONTENTS

9.1 INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................... 9-1 9.2 TRIAL STANDARD LEVELS........................................................................................... 9-2

LIST OF TABLES

Table 9.2.1 Trial Standard Levels for Class A E quipment Expressed in Terms of Daily Energy Consumption (kWh/day) ......................................................................... 9-3

Table 9.2.2 Trial Standard Levels for Class B E quipment Expressed in Terms of Daily Energy Consumption ........................................................................................... 9-4

Table 9.2.3 Trial Standard Levels Expressed in Terms of Equations and Coefficients for Each Equipment Class .................................................................................... 9-4

9-iCHAPTER 9. TRIAL STANDARD LEVELS

9.1 INTRODUCTION

Title III of Energy Policy and Conservation Act (EPCA) sets forth a variety of provisions designed to improve energy efficien cy. Part A of Title III (42 U. S.C. 6291-6309) provides for the Energy Conservation Program for Consumer Products Other Than Automobiles. Part A-1 of Title III (42 U.S.C. 6311-6317) establishes a sim ilar program for certain types of commercial and industrial equipment. a The Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPACT 2005), Pub. L. 109-58, included an amendment to Part A-1 requiring that the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) prescribe energy conservation standards for the be verage vending machines that are the subject of this rulemaking (EPACT 2005, section 135(c)(4) ; 42 U.S.C. 6295(v)) The test procedures for beverage vending machines appear at Title 10 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) sections 431.293 and 431.294.

Because of its placement in Part A of Title III of EPCA, the rulemaking for beverage vending machine energy conservation standards is bound by the requirements of 42 U.S.C. 6295. However, since beverage vending machines ar e commercial equipment and consistent with DOE’s previous action to inco rporate the EPACT 2005 requireme nts for commercial equipment into Title 10 CFR, part 431 Energy Efficiency Program for Certain Commercial and Industrial Equipment, DOE has placed the requirements for beverage vending machines in Subpart Q to10 CFR part 431. The location of the provisions within the CFR does not affect either their substance or applicable procedure, so DOE is placing them in the appropriate CFR part based on their nature or type. b The Energy Policy and Conservation Act as amended specifies that any new or amended energy conservation standard DO E prescribes for the equipment covered by this notice shall be designed to “achieve the maximum improvement in energy efficiency . . . which the Secretary determines is technologically f easible and economically justified.” (42 United States Code (U.S.C.) 6295(o)(2)(A), and (v)). Further, the new or amended standard must “result in significant conservation of energy.” (42 U.S. C. 6295(o)(3)(B) and (v)) In accordance with these and other statutory criter ia discussed in this notice, DOE proposes to adopt new energy conservation standards for refrigerated bottled or canned beverage vend ing machines, hereafter referred to as “beverage vending machines.”

On August 8, 2005, section 135(c)(4) of EPAC T 2005 amended section 325 of EPCA, in part, to direct DOE to issue energy conservati on standards for the equipment covered by this rulemaking, which standards would apply to equipment manufactured three years after publication of the final rule establishing the energy conserva tion standards. (42 U.S.C. 6295(v)(1), (2) and (3)) c The energy use of this equipment has never been regulated at the Federal level.

a This part was originally titled Part C; however, it was re named Part A-1 after Part B of Title III was repealed by EPACT 2005.
b Because of their placement in to 10 CFR part 431, beverage vending m achines will be referred to as “equipment” throughout this notice.

c The relevant statutory provisions were renumbered pursuant to section 316 of the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007, Pub. L. 110-140.

9-19.2 TRIAL STANDARD LEVELS

DOE analyzed seven energy consumption leve ls for Class A equipment and six energy

consum ption levels for Class B equipment in th e life cycle cost (LCC) analysis and national impact analysis (NIA). For th e notice of proposed rulemaking (NOPR), DOE determined that each of these levels should be presented as a possible trial standard level (TSL) and correspondingly identified seven TSLs for Class A and six TSLs for Class B equipment. For each equipment class, the range of TSLs selected includes the energy consumption level providing the maximum national ener gy savings (NES) level for the class, the level providing the maximum NES while providing a positive net present value (NPV), the level providing the maximum NPV, and the level approximately equi valent to ENERGY STAR Tier 2. Many of the higher levels selected correspond to equipment designs which incorporate specific noteworthy technologies that can provide energy savings benefits. For Cl ass A, DOE also included two intermediate efficiency levels to fill in significant energy consumption gaps between the levels identified above the ENERGY STAR Tier 2 eq uivalent level. For Class A machines, the ENERGY STAR Tier 2 equivalent TSL level, TS L 1, allows for the highest energy consumption. For Class B, DOE included one trial standard le vel with energy consumption higher than that provided by ENERGY STAR Tier 2.

For the advance notice of proposed rulemaki ng (ANOPR), DOE proposed four candidate standard levels for each equipment class based on the levels that provided maximum energy savings, maximum efficiency level with posit ive LCC savings, maximum LCC savings, and the highest efficiency level with a payback of less than 3 years.

DOE preserved energy consumption levels that met the same economic criteria as was used in the ANOPR in the NOPR, but in add ition, included the Tier 2 equivalency level and several additional TSLs. These additional levels , as discussed previ ously, either provide additional intermediate efficiency levels or in clude specific noteworthy te chnologies examined in the engineering analysis.

Table 9.2.1 and Table 9.2.2 show the TSL levels DOE selected for the equipment classes and sizes analyzed. For Class A equipm ent, TSL 7 is the max-tech level for each equipment class. TSL 6 is the maximum efficiency level wi th a positive NPV at the 7-percent discount rate, achieved through incorporation of a condenser fa n motor that is an el ectronically commutated motor (ECM). TSL 5 is the efficiency level with the maximum NPV and maximum LCC savings, achieved through the use of an advan ced refrigerant condenser design. TSL 4 is the level that first incorporated light-emitting diode (LED) lighting as a design feature in the engineering analysis. TSL 3 and TS L 2 were intermediate efficiency levels chosen to bridge the gap between TSL 4, and the ENERGY STAR Tier 2 equivalent level, TSL 1. For Class B equipment TSL 6 is the max-tech level for each machine size. TSL 5 is the level that first incorporated LED lighting as a design option in the engineering analys is. TSL 4 is the next highest efficiency level includi ng incorporation of an ECM condenser fan motor. TSL 3 was achieved through the use of an advanced refrig erant condenser design and provided essentially an NPV of essentially 0, with total capital e xpenditures for new equipment balanced by total operating cost savings over th e NIA period, based on a 7-percen t discount rate. TSL 2 is the ENERGY STAR Tier 2 level for Class B equipm ent, and provided the maximum LCC savings and maximum NPV savings at a 7-percent disc ount rate. TSL 1, which provided an energy

9-2consumption level approximately 4 percent higher than TSL 2, was also included in the analysis, and represented the first level incorporating an evaporator fan driven by an ECM in the engineering analysis.

As was determined in the ANOPR, DOE chos e to characterize the proposed TSL levels in terms of proposed equations that establis h a maximum daily energy consumption (MDEC) limit through a linear equation of the form:

MDEC = A × V + B Eq. 9.1

Where A = expressed in terms of kWh/day/ft 3 of measured volume, V = the measured refrigerated volume (ft 3 ) calculated for the equipment, and B = an offset factor expressed in kWh/day.

Coefficients A and B are uniquely derived for each equipment class based on a linear equation passing between the daily energy cons umption values for equipment of different refrigerated volumes. For the development of the A and B coefficients, DOE used the energy consumption values shown in Table 9.2.1 and Table 9.2.2 for the medium and large equipment sizes respectively within each class of be verage ve nding machine. Also, the equations corresponding to each of the TSLs and for the two equipment classes are listed in Table 9.2.3

. DOE did not use the small equipm ent sizes in each class as information from the ANOPR indicated that there are no signi ficant shipments of the small equipment sizes. However, DOE seeks input from interested parties as to wh ether the linear equation used to describe the maximum daily energy consumption standards s hould be based on medium and large equipment (using two points), or small, medium, and large equipment (three points), or some other possible weighting strategy.

Table 9.2.1 Trial Standard Levels for Class A Equipment Expressed in Terms of Daily Energy Consumption (kWh/day)

Trial Standard Level in Order of Efficiency TSL Baseline TSL 1 TSL 2 TSL 3 TSL 4 TSL 5 TSL 6 TSL 7

Size LCC Efficiency Level 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Engr. Level 1 5 n/a * n/a * 6 7 9 11 Small kWh/day 6.10 5.27 4.75 4.25 3.95 3.73 3.58 3.25 Engr. Level 1 5 n/a * n/a * 6 7 9 11 Medium kWh/day 6.53 5.51 5.25 4.75 4.19 3.95 3.79 3.43 Engr. Level 1 4 n/a * n/a * 5 6 8 10 Large kWh/day 6.75 6.21 5.75 5.25 4.89 4.60 4.41 3.94
*n/a means not available. These levels established as interm ediate points along the engineering cost curves

9-39-4 Table 9.2.2 Trial Standard Levels for Class B Equipment Expressed in Terms of Daily Energy Consumption

Trial Standard Level in Order of Efficiency TSL Baseline TSL 1 TSL 2 TSL 3 TSL 4 TSL 5 TSL 6

Size LCC Efficiency Level 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Engr. Level 1 2 4 4 5 6 7 Small kWh/day 4.96 4.62 4.31 4.31 4.28 3.78 3.69 Engr. Level 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 Medium kWh/day 5.56 5.20 4.99 4.76 4.72 4.22 4.12 Engr. Level 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Large kWh/day 5.85 5.48 5.33 5.07 5.03 4.52 4.41

Table 9.2.3 Trial Standard Levels Expressed in Terms of Equations and Coefficients for Each Equipment Class

Trial Standard Level Test Metric Class A Class B
Baseline kWh/day MDEC = 0.019 x V + 6.09 MDEC = 0.068 x V + 4.07

TSL 1 kWh/day MDEC = 0.062 x V + 4.12 MDEC = 0.066 x V + 3.76
TSL 2 kWh/day MDEC = 0.044 x V + 4.26 MDEC = 0.080 x V + 3.24
TSL 3 kWh/day MDEC = 0.044 x V + 3.76 MDEC = 0.073 x V + 3.16
TSL 4 kWh/day MDEC = 0.062 x V + 2.80 MDEC = 0.073 x V + 3.12
TSL 5 kWh/day MDEC = 0.058 x V + 2.66 MDEC = 0.070 x V + 2.68
TSL 6 kWh/day MDEC = 0.055 x V + 2.56 MDEC = 0.068 x V + 2.63
TSL 7 kWh/day MDEC = 0.045 x V + 2.42 n/a*
*n/a means not available. There is no TSL 7 for Class B machines.