Redline of Subpart F and Subpart LLL due to Proposed Amendments 

2014

PA1

RT 60 – [AMENDED]

1. The authority citation for part 60 continues to read as 

follows:

Authority: 23 U.S.C. 101; 42 U.S.C. 7401-7671q.

Subpart F--[AMENDED]

§60.60 Applicability and designation of affected facility.

(a) The provisions of this subpart are applicable to the following affected facilities in portland cement 

plants: Kiln, clinker cooler, raw mill system, finish mill system, raw mill dryer, raw material storage, clinker 

storage, finished product storage, conveyor transfer points, bagging and bulk loading and unloading 

systems. 

(b) Any facility under paragraph (a) of this section that commences construction or modification after 

August 17, 1971, is subject to the requirements of this subpart.

(1)

§60.61 Definitions.

As used in this subpart, all terms not defined herein shall have the meaning given them in the Act 

and in subpart A of this part. 

(a) Portland cement plant means any facility manufacturing portland cement by either the wet or dry 

process. 

(b) Bypass means any system that prevents all or a portion of the kiln or clinker cooler exhaust 

gases from entering the main control device and ducts the gases through a separate control device. This 

does not include emergency systems designed to duct exhaust gases directly to the atmosphere in the 

event of a malfunction of any control device controlling kiln or clinker cooler emissions. 

(c) Bypass stack means the stack that vents exhaust gases to the atmosphere from the bypass 

control device. 

(d) Monovent means an exhaust configuration of a building or emission control device (e.g., 

positive-pressure fabric filter) that extends the length of the structure and has a width very small in 

relation to its length (i.e., length to width ratio is typically greater than 5:1). The exhaust may be an open 

vent with or without a roof, louvered vents, or a combination of such features.

(e) Excess emissions means, with respect to this subpart, results of any required measurements 

outside the applicable range (e.g., emissions limitations, parametric operating limits) that is permitted by 

this subpart. The values of measurements will be in the same units and averaging time as the values 

specified in this subpart for the limitations.
Page 2 of 67

(f) Operating day means a 24-hour period beginning at 12:00 midnight during which the kiln 

produces clinker at any time. For calculating Rolling Average emissions, an operating day does not 

include the hours of operation during startup or shutdown.

(g) Rolling average means the weighted average of all data, meeting QA/QC requirements or 

otherwise normalized, collected during the applicable averaging period. The period of a rolling average 

stipulates the frequency of data averaging and reporting; a thirty-day rolling average period requires 

calculation of a new average value each day that includes the average emissions over the previous thirty 

days divided by the total production during these same periods. A twelve month rolling average stipulates 

a new average value calculated each month that includes the average emissions over the previous twelve 

months divided by the total production during the same periods.

(h) Run average means the average of the recorded parameter values for a run.

§60.62 Standards.

(a) On and after the date on which the performance test required to be conducted by §60.8 is 

completed, you may not discharge into the atmosphere from any kiln any gases which:

(1) Contain particulate matter (PM) in excess of:

(i) 0.30 pounds per ton of feed (dry basis) to the kiln for kilns constructed, reconstructed, or modified 

after August 17, 1971 but on or before June 16, 2008.

(ii) 0.02 pound per ton of clinker if construction or reconstruction of the kiln commenced after June 

16, 2008.

(iii) Kilns that have undergone a modification after June 16, 2008 may not discharge into the 

atmosphere any gases which contain PM in excess of 0.07 pound per ton of clinker.

(2) Exhibit greater than 20 percent opacity for kilns constructed, reconstructed, or modified after 

August 17, 1971 but on or before June 16, 2008, except that this opacity limit does not apply to any kiln 

subject to a PM limit in paragraph (a)(1) of this section that uses a PM continuous parametric monitoring 

system (CPMS).

(3) Exceed 1.50 pounds of nitrogen oxide (NOX) per ton of clinker on a 30-operating day rolling 

average if construction, reconstruction, or modification of the kiln commences after June 16, 2008, except 

this limit does not apply to any alkali bypass installed on the kiln. An operating day includes all valid data 

obtained in any daily 24-hour period during which the kiln operates and excludes any measurements 

made during the daily 24-hour period when the kiln was not operating.

(4) Exceed 0.4 pounds of sulfur dioxide (SO2) per ton of clinker on a 30-operating day rolling 

average if construction, reconstruction, or modification commences after June 16, 2008, unless you are 

demonstrating a 90 percent SO2 emissions reduction measured across the SO2 control device. An 

operating day includes all valid data obtained in any daily 24-hour period during which the kiln operates, 

and excludes any measurements made during the daily 24-hour period when the kiln was not operating.

(b) On and after the date on which the performance test required to be conducted by §60.8 is 

completed, you may not discharge into the atmosphere from any clinker cooler any gases which:

(1) Contain PM in excess of:

Deleted: operates 

Deleted: rolling 30-day average

Formatted: Font: (Default) Arial, 10 pt

Deleted: ¶

Formatted: Font color: Red

Formatted: Font color: Red

Commented [NS1]: Reserved removed

Formatted: Font color: Red
Page 3 of 67

(i) 0.02 pound per ton of clinker if construction or reconstruction of the clinker cooler commences 

after June 16, 2008.

(ii) 0.07 pound per ton of clinker if the clinker cooler has undergone a modification.

(iii) ) 0.10 lb per ton of feed (dry basis) for clinker coolers constructed, reconstructed, or modified 

after August 17, 1971 but on or before June 16, 2008.

(iv) 10 percent opacity for clinker coolers constructed, reconstructed, or modified after August 17, 

1971 but on or before June 16, 2008.

(2) If the kiln and clinker cooler exhaust are combined for energy efficiency purposes and sent to a 

single control device, the appropriate kiln PM limit may be adjusted using the procedures in §63.1343(b) 

of this chapter.

(3) If the kiln has a separated alkali bypass stack and/or an inline coal mill with a separate stack, 

you must combine the PM emissions from the bypass stack and/or the inline coal mill stack with the PM 

emissions from the main kiln exhaust to determine total PM emissions.

(c) On and after the date on which the performance test required to be conducted by §60.8 is 

completed, you may not discharge into the atmosphere from any affected facility other than the kiln and 

clinker cooler any gases which exhibit 10 percent opacity, or greater.

(d) If you have an affected source subject to this subpart with a different emissions limit or 

requirement for the same pollutant under another regulation in title 40 of this chapter, once you are in 

compliance with the most stringent emissions limit or requirement, you are not subject to the less 

stringent requirement. Until you are in compliance with the more stringent limit, the less stringent limit 

continues to apply.

(e) The compliance date for all revised monitoring and recordkeeping requirements contained in 

this rule will be the same as listed in 63.1351(c) unless you commenced construction as of June 16, 

2008, at which time the compliance date is November 8, 2010 or upon startup, whichever is later.

§60.63 Monitoring of operations.

(a) Reserved.

(b) Clinker production monitoring requirements. For any kiln subject to an emissions limitation on 

PM, NOX, or SO2 emissions (lb/ton of clinker), you must:

(1) Determine hourly clinker production by one of two methods:

(i) Install, calibrate, maintain, and operate a permanent weigh scale system to measure and record 

weight rates of the amount of clinker produced in tons of mass per hour. The system of measuring hourly 

clinker production must be maintained within ±5 percent accuracy or

(ii) Install, calibrate, maintain, and operate a permanent weigh scale system to measure and record 

weight rates of the amount of feed to the kiln in tons of mass per hour. The system of measuring feed 

must be maintained within ±5 percent accuracy. Calculate your hourly clinker production rate using a kiln 

specific feed-to-clinker ratio based on reconciled clinker production rates determined for accounting 

purposes and recorded feed rates. This ratio should be updated monthly. Note that if this ratio changes at 

clinker reconciliation, you must use the new ratio going forward, but you do not have to retroactively 

change clinker production rates previously estimated.

Deleted: If you have an affected source subject to this 

subpart with a different emissions limit or requirement for the 

same pollutant under another regulation in title 40 of this 

chapter, you must comply with the most stringent emissions 

limit or requirement and are not subject to the less stringent 

requirement.
Page 4 of 67

(iii) For each kiln operating hour for which you do not have data on clinker production or the amount 

of feed to the kiln, use the value from the most recent previous hour for which valid data are available.

(2) Determine, record, and maintain a record of the accuracy of the system of measuring hourly 

clinker production rates or feed rates before initial use (for new sources) or by the effective compliance 

date of this rule (for existing sources). During each quarter of source operation, you must determine, 

record, and maintain a record of the ongoing accuracy of the system of measuring hourly clinker 

production rates or feed rates.

(3) If you measure clinker production directly, record the daily clinker production rates; if you 

measure the kiln feed rates and calculate clinker production, record the daily kiln feed and clinker 

production rates.

(c) PM Emissions Monitoring Requirements. (1) For each kiln or clinker cooler subject to a PM 

emissions limit in §60.62(a)(1)(ii) and 60.62(a)(1)(iii), you must demonstrate compliance through an initial 

performance test. You will conduct your performance test using Method 5 or Method 5I at appendix A-3 to 

part 60 of this chapter. You must also monitor continuous performance through use of a PM CPMS.

(2) For your PM CPMS, you will establish a site-specific operating limit. If your PM performance test 

demonstrates your PM emission levels to be below 75 percent of your emission limit you will use the 

average PM CPMS value recorded during the PM compliance test, the milliamp equivalent of zero output 

from your PM CPMS, and the average PM result of your compliance test to establish your operating limit 

equivalent to 75 percent of the standard. If your PM compliance test demonstrates your PM emission 

levels to be at or above 75 percent of your emission limit you will use the average PM CPMS value 

recorded during the PM compliance test demonstrating compliance with the PM limit to establish your 

operating limit. You will use the PM CPMS to demonstrate continuous compliance with your operating 

limit. You must repeat the performance test annually and reassess and adjust the site-specific operating 

limit in accordance with the results of the performance test.

(i) Your PM CPMS must provide a 4-20 milliamp or digital signal output and the establishment of its 

relationship to manual reference method measurements must be determined in units of milliamps or the 

monitors digital equivalent..

(ii) Your PM CPMS operating range must be capable of reading PM concentrations from zero to a 

level equivalent to two times your allowable emission limit. If your PM CPMS is an auto-ranging 

instrument capable of multiple scales, the primary range of the instrument must be capable of reading PM 

concentration from zero to a level equivalent to two times your allowable emission limit.

(iii) During the initial performance test or any such subsequent performance test that demonstrates 

compliance with the PM limit, record and average all milliamp or digital output values from the PM CPMS 

for the periods corresponding to the compliance test runs (e.g., average all your PM CPMS output values 

for three corresponding 2-hour Method 5I test runs).

(3) Determine your operating limit as specified in paragraphs (c)(4)(i) through (c)(5) of this section. If 

your PM performance test demonstrates your PM emission levels to be below 75 percent of your 

emission limit you will use the average PM CPMS value recorded during the PM compliance test, the 

milliamp or digital equivalent of zero output from your PM CPMS, and the average PM result of your 

compliance test to establish your operating limit. If your PM compliance test demonstrates your PM 

emission levels to be at or above 75 percent of your emission limit you will use the average PM CPMS 

value recorded during the PM compliance test to establish your operating limit. You must verify an 

existing or establish a new operating limit after each repeated performance test. You must repeat the 

performance test at least annually and reassess and adjust the site-specific operating limit in accordance 

with the results of the performance test.

Deleted: as required by Section 60.8. 
Page 5 of 67

(4) If the average of your three Method 5 or 5I compliance test runs are below 75 percent of your 

PM emission limit, you must calculate an operating limit by establishing a relationship of PM CPMS signal 

to PM concentration using the PM CPMS instrument zero, the average PM CPMS values corresponding 

to the three compliance test runs, and the average PM concentration from the Method 5 or 5I compliance 

test with the procedures in (c)(4)(i)(A) through (D) of this section.

(i) Determine your PM CPMS instrument zero output with one of the following procedures.

(A) Zero point data for in-situ instruments should be obtained by removing the instrument from the 

stack and monitoring ambient air on a test bench.

(B) Zero point data for extractive instruments should be obtained by removing the extractive probe 

from the stack and drawing in clean ambient air.

(C) The zero point can also can be obtained by performing manual reference method 

measurements when the flue gas is free of PM emissions or contains very low PM concentrations (e.g., 

when your process is not operating, but the fans are operating or your source is combusting only natural 

gas) and plotting these with the compliance data to find the zero intercept.

(D) If none of the steps in paragraphs (c)(4)(i)(A) through (C) of this section are possible, you must 

use a zero output value provided by the manufacturer.

(ii) Determine your PM CPMS instrument average in milliamps, and the average of your 

corresponding three PM compliance test runs, using equation 1.

Where:

X1 = The PM CPMS data points for the three runs constituting the performance test,

Y1 = The PM concentration value for the three runs constituting the performance test, and

n = The number of data points.

(iii) With your PM CPMS instrument zero expressed in milliamps or a digital value, your three run 

average PM CPMS milliamp or digital signal value, and your three run average PM concentration from 

your three PM performance test runs, determine a relationship of lb/ton-clinker per milliamp with equation 

2.

Where:

R = The relative lb/ton clinker per milliamp for your PM CPMS.

Y1 = The three run average PM lb/ton clinker.

X1 = The three run average milliamp output from you PM CPMS.

z = the milliamp equivalent of your instrument zero determined from (c)(4)(i) of this section.

Formatted: Subscript

Formatted: Subscript

Formatted: Subscript

Formatted: Subscript
Page 6 of 67

(iv) Determine your source specific 30-day rolling average operating limit using the lb/ton-clinker per 

milliamp or digital signal value from Equation 2 above in Equation 3, below. This sets your operating limit 

at the PM CPMS output value corresponding to 75 percent of your emission limit.

Where:

Ol = The operating limit for your PM CPMS on a 30-day rolling average, in milliamps or the digital equivalent.

L = Your source emission limit expressed in lb/ton clinker.

z = Your instrument zero in milliamps or a digital equivalent, determined from (1)(i).

R = The relative lb/ton-clinker per milliamp or digital equivalent, for your PM CPMS, from Equation 2.

(5) If the average of your three PM compliance test runs is at or above 75 percent of your PM 

emission limit you must determine your operating limit by averaging the PM CPMS milliamp output 

corresponding to your three PM performance test runs that demonstrate compliance with the emission 

limit using Equation 4.

Where:

X1 = The PM CPMS data points for all runs i.

n = The number of data points.

Oh = Your site specific operating limit, in milliamps or digital equivalent.

(6) To determine continuous compliance, you must record the PM CPMS output data for all periods 

when the process is operating, and use all the PM CPMS data for calculations when the source is not outof-control. You must demonstrate continuous compliance by using all quality-assured hourly average data 

collected by the PM CPMS for all operating hours to calculate the arithmetic average operating parameter 

in units of the operating limit (milliamps or the digital equivalent) on a 30 operating day rolling average 

basis, updated at the end of each new kiln operating day. Use Equation 5 to determine the 30 kiln 

operating day average.

Where:

Hpvi = The hourly parameter value for hour i.

n = The number of valid hourly parameter values collected over 30 kiln operating days.

(7) Use EPA Method 5 or Method 5I of appendix A to part 60 of this chapter to determine PM 

emissions. For each performance test, conduct at least three separate runs each while the mill is on and 

the mill is off under the conditions that exist when the affected source is operating at the highest load or 

capacity level reasonably expected to occur. Conduct each test run to collect a minimum sample volume 

of 2 dscm for determining compliance with a new source limit and 1 dscm for determining compliance with 

an existing source limit. Calculate the time weighted average of the results from three consecutive runs to 
Page 7 of 67

determine compliance. You need not determine the particulate matter collected in the impingers (“back 

half”) of the Method 5 or Method 5I particulate sampling train to demonstrate compliance with the PM 

standards of this subpart. This shall not preclude the permitting authority from requiring a determination of 

the ”back half” for other purposes.

(8) For PM performance test reports used to set a PM CPMS operating limit, the electronic 

submission of the test report must also include the make and model of the PM CPMS instrument, serial 

number of the instrument, analytical principle of the instrument (e.g. beta attenuation), span of the 

instruments primary analytical range, milliamp value equivalent to the instrument zero output, technique 

by which this zero value was determined, and the average milliamp signals corresponding to each PM 

compliance test run.

(d) You must install, operate, calibrate, and maintain a CEMS continuously monitoring and recording 

the concentration by volume of NOX emissions into the atmosphere for any kiln subject to the NOX

emissions limit in §60.62(a)(3). If the kiln has an alkali bypass, NOX emissions from the alkali bypass do 

not need to be monitored, and NOX emission monitoring of the kiln exhaust may be done upstream of any 

commingled alkali bypass gases.

(e) You must install, operate, calibrate, and maintain a CEMS for continuously monitoring and 

recording the concentration by volume of SO2 emissions into the atmosphere for any kiln subject to the 

SO2 emissions limit in §60.62(a)(4). If you are complying with the alternative 90 percent SO2 emissions 

reduction emissions limit, you must also continuously monitor and record the concentration by volume of 

SO2 present at the wet scrubber inlet.

(f) The NOX and SO2 CEMS required under paragraphs (d) and (e) of this section must be installed, 

operated and maintained according to Performance Specification 2 of appendix B of this part and the 

requirements in paragraphs (f)(1) through (5) of this section.

(1) The span value of each NOX CEMS monitor must be set at 125 percent of the maximum 

estimated hourly potential NOX emission concentration that translates to the applicable emissions limit at 

full clinker production capacity.

(2) You must conduct performance evaluations of each NOX CEMS monitor according to the 

requirements in §60.13(c) and Performance Specification 2 of appendix B to this part. You must use 

Methods 7, 7A, 7C, 7D, or 7E of appendix A-4 to this part for conducting the relative accuracy 

evaluations. The method ASME PTC 19.10-1981, “Flue and Exhaust Gas Analyses,” (incorporated by 

reference—see §60.17) is an acceptable alternative to Method 7 or 7C of appendix A-4 to this part.

(3) The span value for the SO2 CEMS monitor is the SO2 emission concentration that corresponds to 

125 percent of the applicable emissions limit at full clinker production capacity and the expected 

maximum fuel sulfur content.

(4) You must conduct performance evaluations of each SO2 CEMS monitor according to the 

requirements in §60.13(c) and Performance Specification 2 of appendix B to this part. You must use 

Methods 6, 6A, or 6C of appendix A-4 to this part for conducting the relative accuracy evaluations. The 

method ASME PTC 19.10-1981, “Flue and Exhaust Gas Analyses,” (incorporated by reference—see 

§60.17) is an acceptable alternative to Method 6 or 6A of appendix A-4 to this part.

(5) You must comply with the quality assurance requirements in Procedure 1 of appendix F to this 

part for each NOX and SO2 CEMS, including quarterly accuracy determinations for monitors, and daily 

calibration drift tests.

(g) For each CPMS or CEMS required under paragraphs (c) through (e) of this section:
Page 8 of 67

(1) You must operate the monitoring system and collect data at all required intervals at all times the 

affected source is operating, except for periods of monitoring system malfunctions, repairs associated 

with monitoring system malfunctions, and required monitoring system quality assurance or quality control 

activities (including, as applicable, calibration checks and required zero and span adjustments).

(2) You may not use data recorded during the monitoring system malfunctions, repairs associated 

with monitoring system malfunctions, or required monitoring system quality assurance or control activities 

in calculations used to report emissions or operating levels. A monitoring system malfunction is any 

sudden, infrequent, not reasonably preventable failure of the monitoring system to provide valid data. 

Monitoring system failures that are caused in part by poor maintenance or careless operation are not 

malfunctions. An owner or operator must use all the data collected during all other periods in reporting 

emissions or operating levels.

(3) You must meet the requirements of §60.13(h) when determining the 1-hour averages of 

emissions data.

(h) You must install, operate, calibrate, and maintain instruments for continuously measuring and 

recording the stack gas flow rate to allow determination of the pollutant mass emissions rate to the 

atmosphere for each kiln subject to the PM emissions limits in §60.62(a)(1)(ii) and (iii) and (b)(1)(i) and 

(ii), the NOX emissions limit in §60.62(a)(3), or the SO2 emissions limit in §60.62(a)(4) according to the 

requirements in paragraphs (h)(1) through (10), where appropriate, of this section.

(1) The owner or operator must install each sensor of the flow rate monitoring system in a location 

that provides representative measurement of the exhaust gas flow rate at the sampling location of the 

NOX and/or SO2 CEMS, taking into account the manufacturer's recommendations. The flow rate sensor is 

that portion of the system that senses the volumetric flow rate and generates an output proportional to 

that flow rate.

(2) The flow rate monitoring system must be designed to measure the exhaust gas flow rate over a 

range that extends from a value of at least 20 percent less than the lowest expected exhaust flow rate to 

a value of at least 20 percent greater than the highest expected exhaust gas flow rate.

(3) The flow rate monitoring system must have a minimum accuracy of 5 percent of the flow rate.

(4) The flow rate monitoring system must be equipped with a data acquisition and recording system 

that is capable of recording values over the entire range specified in paragraph (h)(2) of this section.

(5) The signal conditioner, wiring, power supply, and data acquisition and recording system for the 

flow rate monitoring system must be compatible with the output signal of the flow rate sensors used in the 

monitoring system.

(6) The flow rate monitoring system must be designed to measure a minimum of one cycle of 

operational flow for each successive 15-minute period.

(7) The flow rate sensor must be able to determine the daily zero and upscale calibration drift (CD) 

(see sections 3.1 and 8.3 of Performance Specification 2 in appendix B to this part for a discussion of 

CD).

(i) Conduct the CD tests at two reference signal levels, zero (e.g., 0 to 20 percent of span) and 

upscale (e.g., 50 to 70 percent of span).

(ii) The absolute value of the difference between the flow monitor response and the reference signal 

must be equal to or less than 3 percent of the flow monitor span.
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(8) You must perform an initial relative accuracy test of the flow rate monitoring system according to 

section 8.2 of Performance Specification 6 of appendix B to this part, with the exceptions noted in 

paragraphs (h)(8)(i) and (ii) of this section.

(i) The relative accuracy test is to evaluate the flow rate monitoring system alone rather than a 

continuous emission rate monitoring system.

(ii) The relative accuracy of the flow rate monitoring system shall be no greater than 10 percent of 

the mean value of the reference method data.

(9) You must verify the accuracy of the flow rate monitoring system at least once per year by 

repeating the relative accuracy test specified in paragraph (h)(8) of this section.

(10) You must operate the flow rate monitoring system and record data during all periods of 

operation of the affected facility including periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction, except for 

periods of monitoring system malfunctions, repairs associated with monitoring system malfunctions, and 

required monitoring system quality assurance or quality control activities (including, as applicable, 

calibration checks and required zero and span adjustments.

(i) Development and Submittal (Upon Request) of Monitoring Plans. To demonstrate compliance 

with any applicable emissions limit through performance stack testing or other emissions monitoring 

(including PM CPMS), you must develop a site-specific monitoring plan according to the requirements in 

paragraphs (i)(1) through (4) of this section. This requirement also applies to you if you petition the EPA 

Administrator for alternative monitoring parameters under §60.13(3)(i). If you use a bag leak detector 

system (BLDS), you must also meet the requirements specified in paragraph §63.1350(m)(10) of this 

chapter.

(1) For each continuous monitoring system (CMS) required in this section, you must develop, and 

submit to the permitting authority for approval upon request, a site-specific monitoring plan that addresses 

paragraphs (i)(1)(i) through (iii) of this section. You must submit this site-specific monitoring plan, if 

requested, at least 30 days before the initial performance evaluation of your CMS.

(i) Installation of the CMS sampling probe or other interface at a measurement location relative to 

each affected process unit such that the measurement is representative of control of the exhaust 

emissions (e.g., on or downstream of the last control device);

(ii) Performance and equipment specifications for the sample interface, the pollutant concentration 

or parametric signal analyzer, and the data collection and reduction systems; and

(iii) Performance evaluation procedures and acceptance criteria (e.g., calibrations).

(2) In your site-specific monitoring plan, you must also address paragraphs (i)(2)(i) through (iii) of 

this section.

(i) Ongoing operation and maintenance procedures in accordance with the general requirements of 

§63.8(c)(1), (c)(3), and (c)(4)(ii);

(ii) Ongoing data quality assurance procedures in accordance with the general requirements of 

§63.8(d); and

(iii) Ongoing recordkeeping and reporting procedures in accordance with the general requirements 

of §63.10(c), (e)(1), and (e)(2)(i).
Page 10 of 67

(3) You must conduct a performance evaluation of each CMS in accordance with your site-specific 

monitoring plan.

(4) You must operate and maintain the CMS in continuous operation according to the site-specific 

monitoring plan.

[75 FR 55035, Sept. 9, 2010, as amended at 78 FR 10032, Feb. 12, 2013]

§60.64 Test methods and procedures.

(a) In conducting the performance tests and relative accuracy tests required in §60.8, you must use 

reference methods and procedures and the test methods in appendix A of this part or other methods and 

procedures as specified in this section, except as provided in §60.8(b).

(b)(1)You must demonstrate compliance with the PM standards in §60.62 using EPA method 5 or 

method 5I.

(2) Use Method 9 and the procedures in §60.11 to determine opacity.

(3) Any sources other than kilns (including associated alkali bypass and clinker cooler) that are 

subject to the 10 percent opacity limit must follow the appropriate monitoring procedures in §63.1350(f), 

(m)(1)through (4), (10) and (11), (o), and (p) of this chapter.

(c) Calculate and record the rolling 30 kiln operating day average emission rate daily of NOX and SO2

according to the procedures in paragraphs (c)(1) and (2) of this section.

(1) Calculate the rolling 30 kiln operating day average emissions according to equation 6:

Where:

E30D = 30 kiln operating day average emission rate of NOX or SO2, lb/ton of clinker.

Ci = Concentration of NOX or SO2 for hour i, ppm.

Qi = Volumetric flow rate of effluent gas for hour i, where

Ci and Qi are on the same basis (either wet or dry), scf/hr.

P = 30 days of clinker production during the same time period as the NOX or SO2 emissions measured, tons.

k = Conversion factor, 1.194 × 10−7 for NOX and 1.660 × 10−7 for SO2, lb/scf/ppm.

n = Number of kiln operating hours over 30 kiln operating days.

(2) Reserved

(d)(1) Within 60 days after the date of completing each performance test (see §60.8) as required by 

this subpart you must submit the results of the performance tests conducted to demonstrate compliance 

under this subpart to the EPA's WebFIRE database by using the Compliance and Emissions Data 

Reporting Interface (CEDRI) that is accessed through the EPA's Central Data Exchange (CDX) 

(http://www.epa.gov/cdx). Performance test data must be submitted in the file format generated through 

Deleted: For each kiln operating hour for which you do not 

have at least one valid 15-minute CEMS data value, use the 

average emissions rate (lb/hr) from the most recent previous 

hour for which valid data are available.
Page 11 of 67

use of the EPA's Electronic Reporting Tool (ERT) (see http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/ert/index.html). Only 

data collected using test methods on the ERT Web site are subject to this requirement for submitting 

reports electronically to WebFIRE. Owners or operators who claim that some of the information being 

submitted for performance tests is confidential business information (CBI) must submit a complete ERT 

file including information claimed to be CBI on a compact disk, flash drive or other commonly used 

electronic storage media to the EPA. The electronic media must be clearly marked as CBI and mailed to 

U.S. EPA/OAPQS/CORE CBI Office, Attention: WebFIRE Administrator, MD C404-02, 4930 Old Page 

Rd., Durham, NC 27703. The same ERT file with the CBI omitted must be submitted to the EPA via CDX 

as described earlier in this paragraph. At the discretion of the delegated authority, you must also submit 

these reports, including the CBI, to the delegated authority in the format specified by the delegated 

authority. For any performance test conducted using test methods that are not listed on the ERT Web 

site, you must submit the results of the performance test to the Administrator at the appropriate address 

listed in §63.13.

(2) Within 60 days after the date of completing each CEMS performance evaluation test as defined 

in §63.2, you must submit relative accuracy test audit (RATA) data to the EPA's CDX by using CEDRI in 

accordance with paragraph (d)(1) of this section. Only RATA pollutants that can be documented with the 

ERT (as listed on the ERT Web site) are subject to this requirement. For any performance evaluations 

with no corresponding RATA pollutants listed on the ERT Web site, you must submit the results of the 

performance evaluation to the Administrator at the appropriate address listed in §63.13.

(3) For PM performance test reports used to set a PM CPMS operating limit, the electronic 

submission of the test report must also include the make and model of the PM CPMS instrument, serial 

number of the instrument, analytical principle of the instrument (e.g. beta attenuation), span of the 

instruments primary analytical range, milliamp value equivalent to the instrument zero output, technique 

by which this zero value was determined, and the average milliamp signals corresponding to each PM 

compliance test run.

(4) All reports required by this subpart not subject to the requirements in paragraphs (d)(1) and (2) 

of this section must be sent to the Administrator at the appropriate address listed in §63.13. The 

Administrator or the delegated authority may request a report in any form suitable for the specific case 

(e.g., by commonly used electronic media such as Excel spreadsheet, on CD or hard copy). The 

Administrator retains the right to require submittal of reports subject to paragraph (d)(1) and (2) of this 

section in paper format.

§60.65 Recordkeeping and reporting requirements.

(a) Each owner or operator required to install a CPMS or CEMS under sections §60.63(c) through 

(e) shall submit reports of excess emissions. The content of these reports must comply with the 

requirements in §60.7(c). Notwithstanding the provisions of §60.7(c), such reports shall be submitted 

semiannually.

(b) Each owner or operator of facilities subject to the provisions of §60.63(c) through (e) shall submit 

semiannual reports of the malfunction information required to be recorded by §60.7(b). These reports 

shall include the frequency, duration, and cause of any incident resulting in deenergization of any device 

controlling kiln emissions or in the venting of emissions directly to the atmosphere.

(c) The requirements of this section remain in force until and unless the Agency, in delegating 

enforcement authority to a State under section 111(c) of the Clean Air Act, 42 U.S.C. 7411, approves 

reporting requirements or an alternative means of compliance surveillance adopted by such States. In 

that event, affected sources within the State will be relieved of the obligation to comply with this section, 

provided that they comply with the requirements established by the State.
Page 12 of 67

§60.66 Delegation of authority.

(a) This subpart can be implemented and enforced by the U.S. EPA or a delegated authority such 

as a State, local, or Tribal agency. You should contact your U.S. EPA Regional Office to find out if this 

subpart is delegated to a State, local, or Tribal agency within your State.

(b) In delegating implementation and enforcement authority to a State, local, or Tribal agency, the 

approval authorities contained paragraphs (b)(1) through (4) of this section are retained by the 

Administrator of the U.S EPA and are not transferred to the State, local, or Tribal agency.

(1) Approval of an alternative to any non-opacity emissions standard.

(2) Approval of a major change to test methods under §60.8(b). A “major change to test method” is 

defined in 40 CFR 63.90.

(3) Approval of a major change to monitoring under §60.13(i). A “major change to monitoring” is 

defined in 40 CFR 63.90.

(4) Approval of a major change to recordkeeping/reporting under §60.7(b) through (f). A “major 

change to recordkeeping/reporting” is defined in 40 CFR 63.90.

PART 63--[AMENDED]

9. The authority citation for part 63 continues to read as 

follows:

Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401, et seq.

Subpart LLL—[Amended]

§ 63.1340 What parts of my plant does this subpart cover?

(a) The provisions of this subpart apply to each new and existing portland cement plant which is a 

major source or an area source as defined in § 63.2.

(b) The affected sources subject to this subpart are:

(1) Each kiln including alkali bypasses and inline coal mills, except for kilns that burn hazardous 

waste and are subject to and regulated under subpart EEE of this part;

(2) Each clinker cooler at any portland cement plant;

(3) Each raw mill at any portland cement plant;
Page 13 of 67

(4) Each finish mill at any portland cement plant;

(5) Each raw material dryer at any portland cement plant;

(6) Each raw material, clinker, or finished product storage bin at any portland cement plant that is a 

major source;

(7) Each conveying system transfer point including those associated with coal preparation used to 

convey coal from the mill to the kiln at any portland cement plant that is a major source;

(8) Each bagging and bulk loading and unloading system at any portland cement plant that is a 

major source; and

(9) Each open clinker storage pile at any portland cement plant.

(c) Onsite sources that are subject to standards for nonmetallic mineral processing plants in 

subpart OOO, part 60 of this chapter are not subject to this subpart. Crushers are not covered by this 

subpart regardless of their location.

(d) If you are subject to any of the provisions of this subpart you are also subject to title V 

permitting requirements.

[75 FR 55051, Sept. 9, 2010, as amended at 78 FR 10036, Feb. 12, 2013]

§ 63.1341 Definitions.

All terms used in this subpart that are not defined in this section have the meaning given to them in 

the CAA and in subpart A of this part.

Affirmative defense means, in the context of an enforcement proceeding, a response or defense 

put forward by a defendant, regarding which the defendant has the burden of proof, and the merits of 

which are independently and objectively evaluated in a judicial or administrative proceeding.

Alkali bypass means a duct between the feed end of the kiln and the preheater tower through 

which a portion of the kiln exit gas stream is withdrawn and quickly cooled by air or water to avoid 

excessive buildup of alkali, chloride and/or sulfur on the raw feed. This may also be referred to as the 

“kiln exhaust gas bypass”.

Bagging system means the equipment which fills bags with portland cement.

Bin means a manmade enclosure for storage of raw materials, clinker, or finished product prior to 

further processing at a portland cement plant.

Clinker means the product of the process in which limestone and other materials are heated in the 

kiln and is then ground with gypsum and other materials to form cement.

Clinker cooler means equipment into which clinker product leaving the kiln is placed to be cooled 

by air supplied by a forced draft or natural draft supply system.

Continuous monitor means a device which continuously samples the regulated parameter specified 

in § 63.1350 of this subpart without interruption, evaluates the detector response at least once every 15 
Page 14 of 67

seconds, and computes and records the average value at least every 60 seconds, except during 

allowable periods of calibration and except as defined otherwise by the continuous emission monitoring 

system performance specifications in appendix B to part 60 of this chapter.

Conveying system means a device for transporting materials from one piece of equipment or 

location to another location within a facility. Conveying systems include but are not limited to the 

following: feeders, belt conveyors, bucket elevators and pneumatic systems.

Conveying system transfer point means a point where any material including but not limited to feed 

material, fuel, clinker or product, is transferred to or from a conveying system, or between separate parts 

of a conveying system.

Crusher means a machine designed to reduce large rocks from the quarry into materials 

approximately the size of gravel.

Dioxins and furans (D/F) means tetra-, penta-, hexa-, hepta-, and octa-chlorinated dibenzo dioxins 

and furans.

Facility means all contiguous or adjoining property that is under common ownership or control, 

including properties that are separated only by a road or other public right-of-way.

Feed means the prepared and mixed materials, which include but are not limited to materials such 

as limestone, clay, shale, sand, iron ore, mill scale, cement kiln dust and flyash, that are fed to the kiln. 

Feed does not include the fuels used in the kiln to produce heat to form the clinker product.

Finish mill means a roll crusher, ball and tube mill or other size reduction equipment used to grind 

clinker to a fine powder. Gypsum and other materials may be added to and blended with clinker in a 

finish mill. The finish mill also includes the air separator associated with the finish mill.

Greenfield kiln, in-line kiln/raw mill, or raw material dryer means a kiln, in-line kiln/raw mill, or raw 

material dryer for which construction is commenced at a plant site (where no kilns and no in-line kiln/raw 

mills were in operation at any time prior to March 24, 1998) after March 24, 1998.

Hazardous waste is defined in § 261.3 of this chapter.

In-line coal mill means those coal mills using kiln exhaust gases in their process. Coal mills with a 

heat source other than the kiln or coal mills using exhaust gases from the clinker cooler are not an in-line 

coal mill.

In-line kiln/raw mill means a system in a portland cement production process where a dry kiln 

system is integrated with the raw mill so that all or a portion of the kiln exhaust gases are used to 

perform the drying operation of the raw mill, with no auxiliary heat source used. In this system the kiln is 

capable of operating without the raw mill operating, but the raw mill cannot operate without the kiln 

gases, and consequently, the raw mill does not generate a separate exhaust gas stream.

Kiln means a device, including any associated preheater or precalciner devices, inline raw mills, 

inline coal mills or alkali bypasses that produces clinker by heating limestone and other materials for 

subsequent production of portland cement. Because the inline raw mill and inline coal mill are 

considered an integral part of the kiln, for purposes of determining the appropriate emissions limit, the 

term kiln also applies to the exhaust of the inline raw mill and the inline coal mill.
Page 15 of 67

Kiln exhaust gas bypass means alkali bypass.

Monovent means an exhaust configuration of a building or emission control device (e. g. positive 

pressure fabric filter) that extends the length of the structure and has a width very small in relation to its 

length (i. e., length to width ratio is typically greater than 5:1). The exhaust may be an open vent with or 

without a roof, louvered vents, or a combination of such features.

New brownfield kiln, in-line kiln raw mill, or raw material dryer means a kiln, in-line kiln/raw mill or 

raw material dryer for which construction is commenced at a plant site (where kilns and/or in-line kiln/raw 

mills were in operation prior to March 24, 1998) after March 24, 1998.

New source means any source that commenced construction or reconstruction after May 6, 2009, 

for purposes of determining the applicability of the kiln, clinker cooler and raw material dryer emissions 

limits for mercury, PM, THC, and HCl.

One-minute average means the average of thermocouple or other sensor responses calculated at 

least every 60 seconds from responses obtained at least once during each consecutive 15 second 

period.

Open clinker storage pile means a clinker storage pile on the ground for more than three days that 

is not completely enclosed in a building or structure.

Operating day means any 24-hour period beginning at 12:00 midnight during which the kiln 

produces clinker at any time. For calculating Rolling Average emissions, an operating day does not 

include the hours of operation during startup or shutdown.

Portland cement plant means any facility manufacturing portland cement.

Raw material dryer means an impact dryer, drum dryer, paddle-equipped rapid dryer, air separator, 

or other equipment used to reduce the moisture content of feed or other materials.

Raw mill means a ball and tube mill, vertical roller mill or other size reduction equipment, that is not 

part of an in-line kiln/raw mill, used to grind feed to the appropriate size. Moisture may be added or 

removed from the feed during the grinding operation. If the raw mill is used to remove moisture from feed 

materials, it is also, by definition, a raw material dryer. The raw mill also includes the air separator 

associated with the raw mill.

Rolling average means the weighted average of all averages data meeting QA/QC requirements or 

otherwise normalized, collected during the applicable averaging period.. The period of a rolling average 

stipulates the frequency of data averaging and reporting; a thirty-day rolling average period requires 

calculation of a new average value each day that includes the average emissions over the previous thirty 

days divided by the total production during these same periods.. A twelve month rolling average 

stipulates a new average value calculated each month that includes the average emissions over the 

previous twelve months divided by the total production during the same periods.

Run average means the average of the one-minute recorded parameter values for a run.

Shutdown means the cessation of kiln operation. Shutdown begins when feed to the kiln is halted 

and ends when continuous kiln rotation ceases.

Deleted: over

Deleted: relevant to that section whereas applicable

Deleted: for example 

Formatted: Strikethrough
Page 16 of 67

Sorbent means activated carbon, lime, or any other type of material injected into kiln exhaust for 

the purposes of capturing and removing any hazardous air pollutant.

Startup means the time from when a shutdown kiln first begins firing fuel until it begins producing 

clinker. Startup begins when a shutdown kiln turns on the induced draft fan and begins firing fuel in the 

main burner. Startup ends when feed is being continuously introduced into the kiln for at least 120 

minutes or when the feed rate exceeds 60 percent of the kiln design limitation rate, whichever occurs 

first.

TEQ means the international method of expressing toxicity equivalents for dioxins and furans as 

defined in U.S. EPA, Interim Procedures for Estimating Risks Associated with Exposures to Mixtures of 

Chlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and -dibenzofurans (CDDs and CDFs) and 1989 Update, March 1989.

Total organic HAP means, for the purposes of this subpart, the sum of the concentrations of 

compounds of formaldehyde, benzene, toluene, styrene, m-xylene, p-xylene, o-xylene, acetaldehyde, 

and naphthalene as measured by EPA Test Method 320 or Method 18 of appendix A to this part or 

ASTM D6348-03 1 or a combination of these methods, as appropriate. If measurement results for any 

pollutant are reported as below the method detection level (e.g., laboratory analytical results for one or 

more sample components are below the method defined analytical detection level), you must use the 

method detection level as the measured emissions level for that pollutant in calculating the total organic 

HAP value. The measured result for a multiple component analysis (e.g., analytical values for multiple 

Method 18 fractions) may include a combination of method detection level data and analytical data 

reported above the method detection level. The owner or operator of an affected source may request the 

use of other test methods to make this determination under paragraphs 63.7(e)(2)(ii) and (f) of this part.

1 When using ASTM D6348-03, the following conditions must be met:

(1) The test plan preparation and implementation in the Annexes to ASTM D6348-03, Sections A1 through A8 

are mandatory; (2) For ASTM D6348-03 Annex A5 (Analyte Spiking Technique), the percent R must be determined 

for each target analyte (see Equation A5.5); (3) For the ASTM D6348-03 test data to be acceptable for a target 

analyte percent R must be 70 percent ≥ R ≤ 130 percent; and (4) The percent R value for each compound must be 

reported in the test report and all field measurements corrected with the calculated percent R value for that 

compound using the following equation: Reported Result = The measured concentration in the stack divided by the 

calculated percent R value and then the whole term multiplied by 100.

Totally enclosed conveying system transfer point means a conveying system transfer point that is 

enclosed on all sides, top, and bottom.

[64 FR 31925, June 14, 1999, as amended at 67 FR 16619, Apr. 5, 2002; 75 FR 55051, Sept. 9, 2010; 78 FR 

10037, Feb. 12, 2013]

Emission Standards and Operating Limits

§ 63.1342 Standards: General.

Table 1 to this subpart provides cross references to the 40 CFR part 63, subpart A, general 

provisions, indicating the applicability of the general provisions requirements to subpart LLL.
Page 17 of 67

§ 63.1343 What standards apply to my kilns, clinker coolers, raw material dryers, and open 

clinker storage piles?

(a) General. The provisions in this section apply to each kiln and any alkali bypass associated with 

that kiln, clinker cooler, raw material dryer, and open clinker storage pile. All D/F, HCl, and total 

hydrocarbon (THC) emissions limit are on a dry basis. The D/F, HCl, and THC limits for kilns 

are corrected to 7 percent oxygen. All THC emissions limits are measured as propane. 

Standards for mercury and THC are based on a rolling 30-day average. If using a CEMS to 

determine compliance with the HCl standard, this standard is based on a rolling 30-day 

average. You must ensure appropriate corrections for moisture are made when measuring flow 

rates used to calculate mercury emissions. The 30-day period means all operating hours within 

30 consecutive kiln operating days excluding periods of startup and shutdown. All emissions 

limits for kilns, clinker coolers, and raw material dryers currently in effect that are superseded 

by the limits below continue to apply until the compliance date of the limits below, or until the 

source certifies compliance with the limits below, whichever is earlier.

(b) Kilns, clinker coolers, raw material dryers, raw mills, and finish mills. (1) The emissions limits for 

these sources are shown in Table 1 below. PM limits for existing kilns also apply to kilns that have 

undergone a modification as defined in subpart A of part 60 of title 40.

TABLE 1—EMISSIONS LIMITS FOR KILNS, CLINKER COOLERS, RAW MATERIAL DRYERS, RAW AND FINISH 

MILLS

 

If your source is 

a (an):

And the 

operating mode 

is:

And if is 

located at a:

Your emissions 

limits are:

And the units 

of the

emissions 

limit are:

The 

oxygen

correction

factor is:

1. Existing kiln Normal operation Major or area 

source

PM 10.07

D/F 20.2

Mercury 55

THC 3 424

lb/ton clinker

ng/dscm (TEQ)

lb/MM tons 

clinker

ppmvd

NA.

7 percent.

NA.

7 percent.

2. Existing kiln Normal operation Major source HCl 3 ppmvd 7 percent.

3. Existing kiln Startup and 

shutdown

Major or area 

source

Work practices

(63.1346(f))

NA NA.

4. New kiln Normal operation Major or area 

source

PM1 0.02

D/F 20.2

Mercury 21

THC 3 424

lb/ton clinker

ng/dscm (TEQ)

lb/MM tons 

clinker

ppmvd

NA.

7 percent.

NA

7 percent.

5. New kiln Normal operation Major source HCl 3 ppmvd 7 percent.

6. New kiln Startup and 

shutdown

Major or area 

source

Work practices

(63.1346(f))

NA NA.

7. Existing clinker 

cooler

Normal operation Major or area 

source

PM 0.07 lb/ton clinker NA.

8. Existing clinker 

cooler

Startup and 

shutdown

Major or area 

source

Work practices

(63.1348(b)(9))

NA NA.
Page 18 of 67

9. New clinker cooler Normal operation Major or area 

source

PM 0.02 lb/ton clinker NA.

10. New clinker cooler Startup and 

shutdown

Major or area 

source

Work practices

(63.1348(b)(9))

NA NA.

11.Existing or new 

raw material dryer

Normal operation Major or area 

source

THC 3 424 ppmvd NA.

12.Existing or new 

raw material dryer

Startup and 

shutdown

Major or area 

source

Work practices

(63.1348(b)(9))

NA NA.

13.Existing or new 

raw or finish mill

All operating 

modes

Major source Opacity 10 percent NA.

1 The initial and subsequent PM performance tests are performed using Method 5 or 5I and consist 

of three test runs.

2

If the average temperature at the inlet to the first PM control device (fabric filter or electrostatic 

precipitator) during the D/F performance test is 400 °F or less this limit is changed to 0.40 ng/dscm 

(TEQ).

3 Measured as propane.

4 Any source subject to the 24 ppmvd THC limit may elect to meet an alternative limit of 12 ppmvd 

for total organic HAP.

(2) When there is an alkali bypass and/or an inline coal mill with a separate stack associated with a 

kiln, the combined PM emissions from the kiln and the alkali bypass stack and/or the inline coal mill 

stack are subject to the PM emissions limit. Existing kilns that combine the clinker cooler exhaust and/or 

coal mill exhaust with the kiln exhaust and send the combined exhaust to the PM control device as a 

single stream may meet an alternative PM emissions limit. This limit is calculated using Equation 1 of 

this section:

Where:

PMalt = Alternative PM emission limit for commingled sources.

0.006 = The PM exhaust concentration (gr/dscf) equivalent to 0.070 lb per ton clinker where clinker cooler and kiln 

exhaust gas are not combined.

1.65 = The conversion factor of ton feed per ton clinker.

Qk = The exhaust flow of the kiln (dscf/ton feed).

Qc = The exhaust flow of the clinker cooler (dscf/ton feed).

Qab = The exhaust flow of the alkali bypass (dscf/ton feed).

Qcm = The exhaust flow of the coal mill (dscf/ton feed).

7000 = The conversion factor for grains (gr) per lb.

Deleted: 1-hr 
Page 19 of 67

For new kilns that combine kiln exhaust, clinker cooler gas and/or coal mill and alkali bypass 

exhaust, the limit is calculated using the Equation 2 of this section:

Where:

PMalt = Alternative PM emission limit for commingled sources.

0.002 = The PM exhaust concentration (gr/dscf) equivalent to 0.020 lb per ton clinker where clinker cooler and kiln 

exhaust gas are not combined.

1.65 = The conversion factor of ton feed per ton clinker.

Qk = The exhaust flow of the kiln (dscf/ton feed).

Qc = The exhaust flow of the clinker cooler (dscf/ton feed).

Qab = The exhaust flow of the alkali bypass (dscf/ton feed).

Qcm = The exhaust flow of the coal mill (dscf/ton feed).

7000 = The conversion factor for gr per lb.

(c) Open clinker storage pile. The owner or operator of an open clinker storage pile must prepare, 

and operate in accordance with, the fugitive dust emissions control measures, described in their 

operation and maintenance plan (see § 63.1347 of this subpart), that is appropriate for the site 

conditions as specified in paragraphs (c)(1) through (3) of this section. The operation and maintenance 

plan must also describe the measures that will be used to minimize fugitive dust emissions from piles of 

clinker, such as accidental spillage, that are not part of open clinker storage piles.

(1) The operation and maintenance plan must identify and describe the location of each current or 

future open clinker storage pile and the fugitive dust emissions control measures the owner or operator 

will use to minimize fugitive dust emissions from each open clinker storage pile.

(2) For open clinker storage piles, the operations and maintenance plan must specify that one or 

more of the following control measures will be used to minimize to the greatest extent practicable fugitive 

dust from open clinker storage piles: Locating the source inside a partial enclosure, installing and 

operating a water spray or fogging system, applying appropriate chemical dust suppression agents, use 

of a wind barrier, compaction, use of tarpaulin or other equally effective cover or use of a vegetative 

cover. You must select, for inclusion in the operations and maintenance plan, the fugitive dust control 

measure or measures listed in this paragraph that are most appropriate for site conditions. The plan 

must also explain how the measure or measures selected are applicable and appropriate for site 

conditions. In addition, the plan must be revised as needed to reflect any changing conditions at the 

source.

(3) Temporary piles of clinker that result from accidental spillage or clinker storage cleaning 

operations must be cleaned up within 3 days.

(d) Emission limits in effect prior to September 9, 2010. Any source defined as an existing source in 

§ 63.1351, and that was subject to a PM, mercury, THC, D/F, or opacity emissions limit prior to 

September 9, 2010, must continue to meet the limits as shown in 76FR2836 until September 9, 2015.

§ 63.1344 Affirmative defense for violation of emission standards during malfunction.

Deleted: and 

Deleted: shown in Table 2 to this section 
Page 20 of 67

In response to an action to enforce the standards set forth in § 63.1343(b) and (c) and § 63.1345 

and you may assert an affirmative defense to a claim for civil penalties for violations of such standards 

that are caused by malfunction, as defined at 40 CFR 63.2. Appropriate penalties may be assessed if 

you fail to meet your burden of proving all of the requirements in the affirmative defense. The affirmative 

defense shall not be available for claims for injunctive relief.

(a) Assertion of affirmative defense. To establish the affirmative defense in any action to enforce 

such a standard, you must timely meet the reporting requirements in paragraph (b) of this section, and 

must prove by a preponderance of evidence that:

(1) The violation:

(i) Was caused by a sudden, infrequent, and unavoidable failure of air pollution control equipment, 

process equipment, or a process to operate in a normal or usual manner; and

(ii) Could not have been prevented through careful planning, proper design or better operation and 

maintenance practices; and

(iii) Did not stem from any activity or event that could have been foreseen and avoided, or planned 

for; and

(iv) Was not part of a recurring pattern indicative of inadequate design, operation, or maintenance; 

and

(2) Repairs were made as expeditiously as possible when a violation occurred; and

(3) The frequency, amount, and duration of the violation (including any bypass) were minimized to 

the maximum extent practicable; and

(4) If the violation resulted from a bypass of control equipment or a process, then the bypass was 

unavoidable to prevent loss of life, personal injury, or severe property damage; and

(5) All possible steps were taken to minimize the impact of the violation on ambient air quality, the 

environment, and human health; and

(6) All emissions monitoring and control systems were kept in operation if at all possible, consistent 

with safety and good air pollution control practices; and

(7) All of the actions in response to the violation were documented by properly signed, 

contemporaneous operating logs; and

(8) At all times, the affected source was operated in a manner consistent with good practices for 

minimizing emissions; and

(9) A written root cause analysis has been prepared, the purpose of which is to determine, correct, 

and eliminate the primary causes of the malfunction and the violation resulting from the malfunction 

event at issue. The analysis shall also specify, using best monitoring methods and engineering 

judgment, the amount of any emissions that were the result of the malfunction.

(b) Report. The owner or operator seeking to assert an affirmative defense shall submit a written 

report to the Administrator with all necessary supporting documentation, that it has met the requirements 
Page 21 of 67

set forth in paragraph (a) of this section. This affirmative defense report shall be included in the first 

periodic compliance, deviation report or excess emission report otherwise required after the initial 

occurrence of the violation of the relevant standard (which may be the end of any applicable averaging 

period). If such compliance, deviation report or excess emission report is due less than 45 days after the 

initial occurrence of the violation, the affirmative defense report may be included in the second 

compliance, deviation report or excess emission report due after the initial occurrence of the violation of 

the relevant standard.

[78 FR 10039, Feb. 12, 2013]

§ 63.1345 Emissions limits for affected sources other than kilns; clinker coolers; new and 

reconstructed raw material dryers.

The owner or operator of each new or existing raw material, clinker, or finished product storage bin; 

conveying system transfer point; bagging system; bulk loading or unloading system; raw and finish mills; 

and each existing raw material dryer, at a facility which is a major source subject to the provisions of this 

subpart must not cause to be discharged any gases from these affected sources which exhibit opacity in 

excess of 10 percent.

§ 63.1346 Operating limits for kilns.

(a) The owner or operator of a kiln subject to a D/F emissions limitation under § 63.1343 must 

operate the kiln such that the temperature of the gas at the inlet to the kiln PM control device (PMCD) 

and alkali bypass PMCD, if applicable, does not exceed the applicable temperature limit specified in 

paragraph (b) of this section. The owner or operator of an in-line kiln/raw mill subject to a D/F emissions 

limitation under § 63.1343 must operate the in-line kiln/raw mill, such that:

(1) When the raw mill of the in-line kiln/raw mill is operating, the applicable temperature limit for the 

main in-line kiln/raw mill exhaust, specified in paragraph (b) of this section and established during the 

performance test when the raw mill was operating, is not exceeded, except during periods of startup and 

shutdown when the temperature limit may be exceeded by no more than 10 percent.

(2) When the raw mill of the in-line kiln/raw mill is not operating, the applicable temperature limit for 

the main in-line kiln/raw mill exhaust, specified in paragraph (b) of this section and established during the 

performance test when the raw mill was not operating, is not exceeded, except during periods of 

startup/shutdown when the temperature limit may be exceeded by no more than 10 percent.

(3) If the in-line kiln/raw mill is equipped with an alkali bypass, the applicable temperature limit for 

the alkali bypass specified in paragraph (b) of this section and established during the performance test, 

with or without the raw mill operating, is not exceeded, except during periods of startup/shutdown when 

the temperature limit may be exceeded by no more than 10 percent.

(b) The temperature limit for affected sources meeting the limits of paragraph (a) of this section or 

paragraphs (a)(1) through (a)(3) of this section is determined in accordance with § 63.1349(b)(3)(iv).

(c) For an affected source subject to a D/F emissions limitation under § 63.1343 that employs 

sorbent injection as an emission control technique for D/F control, you must operate the sorbent injection 

system in accordance with paragraphs (c)(1) and (2) of this section.

(1) The rolling three-hour average activated sorbent injection rate must be equal to or greater than 

the sorbent injection rate determined in accordance with § 63.1349(b)(3)(vi).
Page 22 of 67

(2) You must either:

(i) Maintain the minimum activated carbon injection carrier gas flow rate, as a rolling three-hour 

average, based on the manufacturer's specifications. These specifications must be documented in the 

test plan developed in accordance with § 63.7(c), or

(ii) Maintain the minimum activated carbon injection carrier gas pressure drop, as a rolling threehour average, based on the manufacturer's specifications. These specifications must be documented in 

the test plan developed in accordance with § 63.7(c).

(d) Except as provided in paragraph (e) of this section, for an affected source subject to a D/F 

emissions limitation under § 63.1343 that employs carbon injection as an emission control technique you 

must specify and use the brand and type of sorbent used during the performance test until a subsequent 

performance test is conducted, unless the site-specific performance test plan contains documentation of 

key parameters that affect adsorption and the owner or operator establishes limits based on those 

parameters, and the limits on these parameters are maintained.

(e) For an affected source subject to a D/F emissions limitation under § 63.1343 that employs 

carbon injection as an emission control technique you may substitute, at any time, a different brand or 

type of sorbent provided that the replacement has equivalent or improved properties compared to the 

sorbent specified in the site-specific performance test plan and used in the performance test. The owner 

or operator must maintain documentation that the substitute sorbent will provide the same or better level 

of control as the original sorbent.

(f) No kiln may use as a raw material or fuel any fly ash where the mercury content of the fly ash 

has been increased through the use of activated carbon, or any other sorbent, unless the facility can 

demonstrate that the use of that fly ash will not result in an increase in mercury emissions over baseline 

emissions (i.e., emissions not using the fly ash). The facility has the burden of proving there has been no 

emissions increase over baseline. Once the kiln is in compliance with a mercury emissions limit specified 

in § 63.1343, this paragraph no longer applies.

(g) During periods of startup and shutdown you must meet the requirements listed in (g)(1) through 

(4) of this section.

(1) During startup you must use any one or combination of the following clean fuels: natural gas, 

synthetic natural gas, propane, distillate oil, synthesis gas (syngas), and ultra-low sulfur diesel (ULSD) 

until the kiln reaches a temperature of 1200 degrees Fahrenheit.

(2) Combustion of the primary kiln fuel may commence once the kiln temperature reaches 1200 

degrees Fahrenheit.

(3) All air pollution control devices that control hazardous air pollutants must be turned on and operating 

at the time the gas stream to the air pollution control device reaches 300 degrees 

Fahrenheit. Temperature content to be measured at the inlet of the baghouse or ESP every fifteen

minutes during startup until all HAP control devices are operating, and every fifteen minutes during 

shutdown until any activated carbon or lime injection systems are not operating.

(4) You must keep records as specified in § 63.1355 during periods of startup and shutdown.

[75 FR 55054, Sept. 9, 2010, as amended at 78 FR 10039, Feb. 12, 2013]

§ 63.1347 Operation and maintenance plan requirements.

Deleted: prior to combusting any fuel
Page 23 of 67

(a) You must prepare, for each affected source subject to the provisions of this subpart, a written 

operations and maintenance plan. The plan must be submitted to the Administrator for review and 

approval as part of the application for a part 70 permit and must include the following information:

(1) Procedures for proper operation and maintenance of the affected source and air pollution 

control devices in order to meet the emissions limits and operating limits, including fugitive dust control 

measures for open clinker piles, of §§ 63.1343 through 63.1348. Your operations and maintenance plan 

must address periods of startup and shutdown;

(2) Corrective actions to be taken when required by paragraph § 63.1350(f)(3);

(3) Procedures to be used during an inspection of the components of the combustion system of 

each kiln and each in-line kiln raw mill located at the facility at least once per year.

(b) Failure to comply with any provision of the operations and maintenance plan developed in 

accordance with this section is a violation of the standard.

§ 63.1348 Compliance requirements.

(a) Initial Performance Test Requirements. For an affected source subject to this subpart, you must 

demonstrate compliance with the emissions standards and operating limits by using the test methods 

and procedures in §§ 63.1349 and 63.7. Any cement kiln that has been subject to the requirements of 

subpart CCCC or subpart DDDD of 40 CFR Part 60, and is now electing to cease burning nonhazardous 

solid waste and become subject to this subpart, must meet all the initial compliance testing requirements 

each time it becomes subject to this subpart, even if it was previously subject to this subpart.

NOTE TO PARAGRAPH ( a ): The first day of the 30 operating day performance test is the first day after the 

compliance date following completion of the field testing and data collection that demonstrates that the CPMS or 

CEMS has satisfied the relevant CPMS performance evaluation or CEMS performance specification (e.g., PS 2, 

12A, or 12B) acceptance criteria. The performance test period is complete at the end of the 30th consecutive 

operating day. See § 63.1341 for definition of operating day and § 63.1348(b)(1) for the CEMS operating 

requirements. The source has the option of performing the compliance test earlier then the compliance date if 

desired.

(1) PM Compliance. If you are subject to limitations on PM emissions under § 63.1343(b), you must 

demonstrate compliance with the PM emissions standards by using the test methods and procedures in 

§ 63.1349(b)(1).

(2) Opacity Compliance. If you are subject to the limitations on opacity under § 63.1345, you must 

demonstrate compliance with the opacity emissions standards by using the performance test methods 

and procedures in § 63.1349(b)(2). Use the maximum 6-minute average opacity exhibited during the 

performance test period to determine whether the affected source is in compliance with the standard.

(3) D/F compliance. (i) If you are subject to limitations on D/F emissions under § 63.1343(b), you 

must demonstrate initial compliance with the D/F emissions standards by using the performance test 

methods and procedures in § 63.1349(b)(3). The owner or operator of a kiln with an in-line raw mill must 

demonstrate initial compliance by conducting separate performance tests while the raw mill is operating 

and the raw mill is not operating. The D/F concentration must be determined for each run and the 

arithmetic average of the concentrations measured for the three runs must be calculated to determine 

compliance. The owner or operator of a kiln with an in-line raw mill must demonstrate compliance by 
Page 24 of 67

conducting separate performance tests while the raw mill is operating and while the raw mill is not 

operating. Determine the D/F TEQ concentration for each run and calculate the arithmetic average of the 

TEQ concentrations measured for the three runs to determine continuous compliance.

(ii) If you are subject to a D/F emissions limitation under § 63.1343(b), you must demonstrate 

compliance with the temperature operating limits specified in § 63.1346 by using the performance test 

methods and procedures in § 63.1349(b)(3)(ii) through (b)(3)(iv). Use the arithmetic average of the 

temperatures measured during the three runs to determine the applicable temperature limit.

(iii) If activated carbon injection is used and you are subject to a D/F emissions limitation under 

§ 63.1343(b), you must demonstrate compliance with the activated carbon injection rate operating limits 

specified in § 63.1346 by using the performance test methods and procedures in § 63.1349(b)(3)(v).

(iv) If activated carbon injection is used, you must also develop a carrier gas parameter (either the 

carrier gas flow rate or the carrier gas pressure drop) during the initial performance test and updated 

during any subsequent performance test conducted under § 63.1349(b)(3) that meets the requirements 

of § 63.1349(b)(3)(vi). Compliance is demonstrated if the system is maintained within ± 5 percent 

accuracy during the performance test determined in accordance with the procedures and criteria 

submitted for review in your monitoring plan required in section 63.1350(p).

(4)(i) THC Compliance. If you are subject to limitations on THC emissions under § 63.1343(b), you 

must demonstrate compliance with the THC emissions standards by using the performance test 

methods and procedures in § 63.1349(b)(4)(i). You must use the average THC concentration obtained 

during the first 30 kiln operating days after the compliance date of this rule to determine initial 

compliance.

(ii) Total Organic HAP Emissions Tests. If you elect to demonstrate compliance with the total 

organic HAP emissions limit under § 63.1343(b) in lieu of the THC emissions limit, you must 

demonstrate compliance with the total organic HAP emissions standards by using the performance test 

methods and procedures in § 63.1349(b)(7.

(iii) If you are demonstrating initial compliance, you must conduct the separate performance tests 

as specified in § 63.1349(b)(7) while the raw mill of the inline kiln/raw mill is operating and while the raw 

mill of the inline kiln/raw mill is not operating.

(iv) The time weighted average total organic HAP concentration measured during the separate 

initial performance test specified by § 63.1349(b)(7) must be used to determine initial compliance.

(v) The time weighted average THC concentration measured during the initial performance test 

specified by § 63.1349(b)(4) must be used to determine the site-specific THC limit. Using the fraction of 

time the inline kiln/raw mill is on and the fraction of time that the inline kiln/raw mill is off, calculate this 

limit as a time weighted average of the THC levels measured during raw mill on and raw mill off testing 

using one of the two approaches in § 63.1349(b)(7)(vii) or (viii) depending on the level of organic HAP 

measured during the compliance test.

(5) Mercury Compliance. If you are subject to limitations on mercury emissions in § 63.1343(b), you 

must demonstrate compliance with the mercury standards by using the performance test methods and 

procedures in § 63.1349(b)(5). You must demonstrate compliance by operating a mercury CEMS or a 

sorbent trap based CEMS. Compliance with the mercury emissions standard must be determined based 

on the first 30 operating days you operate a mercury CEMS or sorbent trap monitoring system after the 

compliance date of this rule.
Page 25 of 67

(i) In calculating a 30 operating day emissions value using an integrating sorbent trap CEMS, 

assign the average Hg emissions concentration determined for an integrating period (e.g., 7 day sorbent 

trap monitoring system sample) to each relevant hour of the kiln operating days spanned by each 

integrated sample. Calculate the 30 kiln operating day emissions rate value using the assigned hourly 

Hg emissions concentrations and the respective flow and production rate values collected during the 30 

kiln operating day performance test period. Depending on the duration of each integrated sampling 

period, you may not be able to calculate the 30 kiln operating day emissions value until several days 

after the end of the 30 kiln operating day performance test period.

(ii) For example, a sorbent trap monitoring system producing an integrated 7-day sample will 

provide Hg concentration data for each hour of the first 28 kiln operating days (i.e., four values spanning 

7 days each) of a 30 operating day period. The Hg concentration values for the hours of the last 2 days 

of the 30 operating day period will not be available for calculating the emissions for the performance test 

period until at least five days after the end of the subject period.

(6) HCl Compliance. If you are subject to limitations on HCl emissions under § 63.1343(b), you 

must demonstrate initial compliance with the HCl standards by using the performance test methods and 

procedures in § 63.1349(b)(6).

(i) For an affected source that is equipped with a wet scrubber, tray tower or dry scrubber, you may 

demonstrate initial compliance by conducting a performance test as specified in § 63.1349(b)(6)(i). You 

must determine the HCl concentration for each run and calculate the arithmetic average of the 

concentrations measured for the three runs to determine compliance. You must also establish 

appropriate site-specific operational parameter limits.

(ii) For an affected source that is not equipped with a wet scrubber, tray tower or dry scrubber, you 

must demonstrate initial compliance by operating a CEMS as specified in § 63.1349(b)(6)(ii). You must 

use the average of the hourly HCl values obtained during the first 30 kiln operating days that occur after 

the compliance date of this rule to determine initial compliance.

(7) Commingled Exhaust Requirements. If the coal mill exhaust is commingled with kiln exhaust in 

a single stack, you may demonstrate compliance with the kiln emission limits by either:

(i) Performing required emissions monitoring and testing on the commingled coal mill and kiln 

exhaust, or

(ii) Perform required emission monitoring and testing of the kiln exhaust prior to the reintroduction 

of the coal mill exhaust, and also testing the kiln exhaust diverted to the coal mill. All emissions must be 

added together for all emission points, and must not exceed the limit per each pollutant as listed in 

S63.1343(b).

(b) Continuous Monitoring Requirements. You must demonstrate compliance with the emissions 

standards and operating limits by using the performance test methods and procedures in §§ 63.1350 

and 63.8 for each affected source.

(1) General Requirements. (i) You must monitor and collect data according to § 63.1350 and the 

site-specific monitoring plan required by § 63.1350(p).

(ii) Except for periods of startup and shutdown, monitoring system malfunctions, repairs associated 

with monitoring system malfunctions, and required monitoring system quality assurance or quality control 

activities (including, as applicable, calibration checks and required zero and span adjustments), you 
Page 26 of 67

must operate the monitoring system and collect data at all required intervals at all times the affected 

source is operating.

(iii) You may not use data recorded during monitoring system malfunctions or repairs associated 

with monitoring system malfunctions in calculations used to report emissions or operating levels. A 

monitoring system malfunction is any sudden, infrequent, not reasonably preventable failure of the 

monitoring system to provide valid data. Monitoring system failures that are caused in part by poor 

maintenance or careless operation are not malfunctions. You must use all the data collected during all 

other periods in assessing the operation of the control device and associated control system.

(iv) Clinker Production. If you are subject to limitations on mercury emissions (lb/MM tons of 

clinker) under § 63.1343(b), you must determine the hourly production rate of clinker according to the 

requirements of § 63.1350(d).

(2) PM Compliance. If you are subject to limitations on PM emissions under § 63.1343(b), you must 

use the monitoring methods and procedures in § 63.1350(b) and (d).

(3) Opacity Compliance. If you are subject to the limitations on opacity under § 63.1345, you must 

demonstrate compliance using the monitoring methods and procedures in § 63.1350(f) based on the 

maximum 6-minute average opacity exhibited during the performance test period. You must initiate 

corrective actions within one hour of detecting visible emissions above the applicable limit.

(i) COMS. If you install a COMS in lieu of conducting the daily visible emissions testing, you must 

demonstrate compliance using a COMS such that it is installed, operated, and maintained in accordance 

with the requirements of § 63.1350(f)(4)(i).

(ii) Bag leak determination system ( BLDS). If you install a BLDS on a raw mill or finish mill in lieu of 

conducting the daily visible emissions testing, you must demonstrate compliance using a BLDS that is 

installed, operated, and maintained in accordance with the requirements of § 63.1350(f)(4)(ii).

(4) D/F Compliance. If you are subject to a D/F emissions limitation under § 63.1343(b), you must 

demonstrate compliance using a CMS that is installed, operated and maintained to record the 

temperature of specified gas streams in accordance with the requirements of § 63.1350(g).

(5)(i) Activated Carbon Injection Compliance. If you use activated carbon injection to comply with 

the D/F emissions limitation under § 63.1343(b), you must demonstrate compliance using a CMS that is 

installed, operated, and maintained to record the rate of activated carbon injection in accordance with 

the requirements § 63.1350(h)(1).

(ii) If you use activated carbon injection to comply with the D/F emissions limitation under 

§ 63.1343(b), you must demonstrate compliance using a CMS that is installed, operated and maintained 

to record the activated carbon injection system gas parameter in accordance with the requirements of 

§ 63.1350(h)(2).

(6) THC Compliance. (i) If you are subject to limitations on THC emissions under § 63.1343(b), you 

must demonstrate compliance using the monitoring methods and procedures in § 63.1350(i) and (j).

(ii) THC must be measured either upstream of the coal mill or in the coal mill stack.

(7) Mercury Compliance. (i) If you are subject to limitations on mercury emissions in § 63.1343(b), 

you must demonstrate compliance using the monitoring methods and procedures in § 63.1350(k). If you 

use an integrated sorbent trap monitoring system to determine ongoing compliance, use the procedures 

Deleted: ,

Deleted: , or required monitoring system quality assurance or 

control activities
Page 27 of 67

described in § 63.1348(a)(5) to assign hourly mercury concentration values and to calculate rolling 30 

operating day emissions rates. Since you assign the mercury concentration measured with the sorbent 

trap to each relevant hour respectively for each operating day of the integrated period, you may 

schedule the sorbent trap change periods to any time of the day (i.e., the sorbent trap replacement need 

not be scheduled at 12:00 midnight nor must the sorbent trap replacements occur only at integral 24-

hour intervals).

(ii) Mercury must be measured either upstream of the coal mill or in the coal mill stack.

(8) HCl Compliance. If you are subject to limitations on HCl emissions under § 63.1343(b), you 

must demonstrate compliance using the performance test methods and procedures in § 63.1349(b)(6).

(i) For an affected source that is not equipped with a wet scrubber, tray tower or a dry sorbent 

injection system, you must demonstrate compliance using the monitoring methods and procedures in 

§ 63.1350(l)(1).

(ii) For an affected source that is equipped with a wet scrubber, tray tower or a dry sorbent injection 

system, you may demonstrate compliance using the monitoring methods and procedures in 

§ 63.1350(l)(2).

(iii) HCl may be measured either upstream of the coal mill or in the coal mill stack.

(iv) As an alternative to paragraph (b)(8)(ii) of this section, you may use an SO2 CEMS to establish 

an SO2 operating level during your initial and repeat HCl performance tests and monitor the SO2 level 

using the procedures in § 63.1350(l)(3).

(9) Startup and Shutdown Compliance. In order to demonstrate continuous compliance during 

startup and shutdown, all air pollution control devices must be operating.

(c) Changes in operations. (1) If you plan to undertake a change in operations that may adversely 

affect compliance with an applicable standard, operating limit, or parametric monitoring value under this 

subpart, the source must conduct a performance test as specified in § 63.1349(b).

(2) In preparation for and while conducting a performance test required in § 63.1349(b), you may 

operate under the planned operational change conditions for a period not to exceed 360 hours, provided 

that the conditions in (c)(2)(i) through (c)(2)(iv) of this section are met. You must submit temperature and 

other monitoring data that are recorded during the pretest operations.

(i) You must provide the Administrator written notice at least 60 days prior to undertaking an 

operational change that may adversely affect compliance with an applicable standard under this subpart 

for any source, or as soon as practicable where 60 days advance notice is not feasible. Notice provided 

under this paragraph must include a description of the planned change, the emissions standards that 

may be affected by the change, and a schedule for completion of the performance test required under 

paragraph (c)(1) of this section, including when the planned operational change period would begin.

(ii) The performance test results must be documented in a test report according to § 63.1349(a).

(iii) A test plan must be made available to the Administrator prior to performance testing, if 

requested.
Page 28 of 67

(iv) The performance test must be completed within 360 hours after the planned operational 

change period begins.

(d) General duty to minimize emissions. At all times you must operate and maintain any affected 

source, including associated air pollution control equipment and monitoring equipment, in a manner 

consistent with safety and good air pollution control practices for minimizing emissions. Determination of 

whether such operation and maintenance procedures are being used will be based on information 

available to the Administrator which may include, but is not limited to, monitoring results, review of 

operation and maintenance procedures, review of operation and maintenance records, and inspection of 

the source.

[75 FR 55055, Sept. 9, 2010, as amended at 78 FR 10040, Feb. 12, 2013]

Monitoring and Compliance Provisions

§ 63.1349 Performance testing requirements.

(a) You must document performance test results in complete test reports that contain the 

information required by paragraphs (a)(1) through (10) of this section, as well as all other relevant 

information. As described in § 63.7(c)(2)(i), you must make available to the Administrator prior to testing, 

if requested, the site-specific test plan to be followed during performance testing. For purposes of 

determining exhaust gas flow rate to the atmosphere from an alkali bypass stack or a coal mill stack, you 

must either install, operate, calibrate and maintain an instrument for continuously measuring and 

recording the exhaust gas flow rate according to the requirements in paragraphs § 63.1350(n)(1) through 

(10) of this subpart or use the maximum design exhaust gas flow rate. For purposes of determining the 

combined emissions from kilns equipped with an alkali bypass or that exhaust kiln gases to a coal mill 

that exhausts through a separate stack, instead of installing a CEMS on the alkali bypass stack or coal 

mill stack, you may use the results of the initial and subsequent performance test to demonstrate 

compliance with the relevant emissions limit.

(1) A brief description of the process and the air pollution control system;

(2) Sampling location description(s);

(3) A description of sampling and analytical procedures and any modifications to standard 

procedures;

(4) Test results;

(5) Quality assurance procedures and results;

(6) Records of operating conditions during the performance test, preparation of standards, and 

calibration procedures;

(7) Raw data sheets for field sampling and field and laboratory analyses;

(8) Documentation of calculations;
Page 29 of 67

(9) All data recorded and used to establish parameters for monitoring; and

(10) Any other information required by the performance test method.

(b)(1) PM emissions tests. The owner or operator of a kiln subject to limitations on PM emissions 

shall demonstrate initial compliance by conducting a performance test using Method 5 or Method 5I at 

appendix A-3 to part 60 of this chapter. You must also monitor continuous performance through use of a 

PM continuous parametric monitoring system (PM CPMS).

(i) For your PM CPMS, you will establish a site-specific operating limit. If your PM performance test 

demonstrates your PM emission levels to be below 75 percent of your emission limit you will use the 

average PM CPMS value recorded during the PM compliance test, the milliamp equivalent of zero output 

from your PM CPMS, and the average PM result of your compliance test to establish your operating 

limit. If your PM compliance test demonstrates your PM emission levels to be at or above 75 percent of 

your emission limit you will use the average PM CPMS value recorded during the PM compliance test to 

establish your operating limit. You will use the PM CPMS to demonstrate continuous compliance with 

your operating limit. You must repeat the performance test annually and reassess and adjust the sitespecific operating limit in accordance with the results of the performance test.

(A) Your PM CPMS must provide a 4-20 milliamp or digital signal output and the establishment of 

its relationship to manual reference method measurements must be determined in units of milliamps or 

the monitors digital equivalent.

(B) Your PM CPMS operating range must be capable of reading PM concentrations from zero to a 

level equivalent to three times your allowable emission limit. If your PM CPMS is an auto-ranging 

instrument capable of multiple scales, the primary range of the instrument must be capable of reading 

PM concentration from zero to a level equivalent to three times your allowable emission limit.

(C) During the initial performance test or any such subsequent performance test that demonstrates 

compliance with the PM limit, record and average all milliamp or digital output values from the PM CPMS 

for the periods corresponding to the compliance test runs (e.g., average all your PM CPMS output 

values for three corresponding Method 5I test runs).

(ii) Determine your operating limit as specified in paragraphs (b)(1)(iii) through (iv) of this section. If 

your PM performance test demonstrates your PM emission levels to be below 75 percent of your 

emission limit you will use the average PM CPMS value recorded during the PM compliance test, the 

milliamp or digital equivalent of zero output from your PM CPMS, and the average PM result of your 

compliance test to establish your operating limit. If your PM compliance test demonstrates your PM 

emission levels to be at or above 75 percent of your emission limit you will use the average PM CPMS 

value recorded during the PM compliance test to establish your operating limit. You must verify an 

existing or establish a new operating limit after each repeated performance test. You must repeat the 

performance test at least annually and reassess and adjust the site-specific operating limit in accordance 

with the results of the performance test.

(iii) If the average of your three Method 5 or 5I compliance test runs is below 75 percent of your PM 

emission limit, you must calculate an operating limit by establishing a relationship of PM CPMS signal to 

PM concentration using the PM CPMS instrument zero, the average PM CPMS values corresponding to 

the three compliance test runs, and the average PM concentration from the Method 5 or 5I compliance 

test with the procedures in (a)(1)(iii)(A) through (D) of this section.

(A) Determine your PM CPMS instrument zero output with one of the following procedures.

Deleted: ditigal

Deleted: 2-hour 

Deleted: 
Page 30 of 67

( 1 ) Zero point data for in-situ instruments should be obtained by removing the instrument from the 

stack and monitoring ambient air on a test bench.

( 2 ) Zero point data for extractive instruments should be obtained by removing the extractive probe 

from the stack and drawing in clean ambient air.

( 3 ) The zero point may also be established by performing manual reference method 

measurements when the flue gas is free of PM emissions or contains very low PM concentrations (e.g., 

when your process is not operating, but the fans are operating or your source is combusting only natural 

gas) and plotting these with the compliance data to find the zero intercept.

( 4 ) If none of the steps in paragraphs (a)(1)(iii)(A)( 1 ) through ( 3 ) of this section are possible, 

you must use a zero output value provided by the manufacturer.

(B) Determine your PM CPMS instrument average in milliamps, and the average of your 

corresponding three PM compliance test runs, using equation 3.

Where:

X1 = The PM CPMS data points for the three runs constituting the performance test.

Y1 = The PM concentration value for the three runs constituting the performance test.

n = The number of data points.

(C) With your instrument zero expressed in milliamps or a digital value, your three run average PM 

CPMS milliamp or digital signal value, and your three run PM compliance test average, determine a 

relationship of lb/ton-clinker per milliamp with Equation 4.

Where:

R = The relative lb/ton-clinker per milliamp for your PM CPMS.

Y1 = The three run average lb/ton-clinker PM concentration.

X1 = The three run average milliamp output from your PM CPMS.

z = The milliamp equivalent of your instrument zero determined from (b)(1)(iii)(A).

(D) Determine your source specific 30-day rolling average operating limit using the lb/ton-clinker 

per milliamp or digital signal value from Equation 4 in Equation 5, below. This sets your operating limit at 

the PM CPMS output value corresponding to 75 percent of your emission limit.

Where:

Ol = The operating limit for your PM CPMS on a 30-day rolling average, in milliamps or the digital equivalent.

Deleted: milliamp 
Page 31 of 67

L = Your source emission limit expressed in lb/ton clinker.

z = Your instrument zero in milliamps, or digital equivalent, determined from (1)(i).

R = The relative lb/ton-clinker per milliamp, or digital equivalent, for your PM CPMS, from Equation 4.

(iv) If the average of your three PM compliance test runs is at or above 75 percent of your PM 

emission limit you must determine your operating limit by averaging the PM CPMS milliamp output 

corresponding to your three PM performance test runs that demonstrate compliance with the emission 

limit using Equation 6.

Where:

X1 = The PM CPMS data points for all runs i.

n = The number of data points.

Oh = Your site specific operating limit, in milliamps or the digital equivalent.

(v) To determine continuous operating compliance, you must record the PM CPMS output data for 

all periods when the process is operating, and use all the PM CPMS data for calculations when the 

source is not out-of-control. You must demonstrate continuous compliance by using all quality-assured 

hourly average data collected by the PM CPMS for all operating hours to calculate the arithmetic 

average operating parameter in units of the operating limit (milliamps or the digital equivalent) on a 30 

operating day rolling average basis, updated at the end of each new kiln operating day. Use Equation 7 

to determine the 30 kiln operating day average.

Where:

Hpvi = The hourly parameter value for hour i.

n = The number of valid hourly parameter values collected over 30 kiln operating days.

(vi) For each performance test, conduct at least three separate test runs each while the mill is on 

and the mill is off, under the conditions that exist when the affected source is operating at the highest 

load or capacity level reasonably expected to occur. Conduct each test run to collect a minimum sample 

volume of 2 dscm for determining compliance with a new source limit and 1 dscm for determining 

compliance with an existing source limit. Calculate the time weighted average of the results from three 

consecutive runs, including applicable sources as required by (D)(viii), to determine compliance. You 

need not determine the particulate matter collected in the impingers (“back half”) of the Method 5 or 

Method 5I particulate sampling train to demonstrate compliance with the PM standards of this subpart. 

This shall not preclude the permitting authority from requiring a determination of the “back half” for other 

purposes.

(vii) For PM performance test reports used to set a PM CPMS operating limit, the electronic 

submission of the test report must also include the make and model of the PM CPMS instrument, serial 

number of the instrument, analytical principle of the instrument (e.g. beta attenuation), span of the 

Deleted: instrument zero

Deleted: a
Page 32 of 67

instruments primary analytical range, milliamp value equivalent to the instrument zero output, technique 

by which this zero value was determined, and the average milliamp signals corresponding to each PM 

compliance test run.

(viii) When there is an alkali bypass and/or an inline coal mill with a separate stack associated with 

a kiln, the main exhaust and alkali bypass and/or inline coal mill must be tested simultaneously and the 

combined emission rate of PM from the kiln and alkali bypass and/or inline coal mill must be computed 

for each run using Equation 8 of this section.

ECm =

EK+ EB + EC

P

(Eq. 8)

Where:

ECm = Combined hourly emission rate of PM from the kiln and bypass stack and/or inline coal mill, lb/ton of kiln 

clinker production.

EK = Hourly emissions of PM emissions from the kiln, lb.

EB = Hourly PM emissions from the alkali bypass stack, lb.

EC = Hourly PM emissions from the inline coal mill stack, lb.

P = Hourly clinker production, tons.

(ix) The owner or operator of a kiln with an in-line raw mill and subject to limitations on PM 

emissions shall demonstrate initial compliance by conducting separate performance tests while the raw 

mill is under normal operating conditions and while the raw mill is not operating, and calculate the time 

weighted average emissions using 63.1349(b)(1)(i) of this section.

(2) Opacity tests. If you are subject to limitations on opacity under this subpart, you must conduct 

opacity tests in accordance with Method 9 of appendix A-4 to part 60 of this chapter. The duration of the 

Method 9 performance test must be 3 hours (30 6-minute averages), except that the duration of the 

Method 9 performance test may be reduced to 1 hour if the conditions of paragraphs (b)(2)(i) through 

(b)(2)(ii) of this section apply. For batch processes that are not run for 3-hour periods or longer, compile 

observations totaling 3 hours when the unit is operating.

(i) There are no individual readings greater than 10 percent opacity;

(ii) There are no more than three readings of 10 percent for the first 1-hour period.

(3) D/F Emissions Tests. If you are subject to limitations on D/F emissions under this subpart, you 

must conduct a performance test using Method 23 of appendix A-7 to part 60 of this chapter. If your kiln 

or in-line kiln/raw mill is equipped with an alkali bypass, you must conduct simultaneous performance 

tests of the kiln or in-line kiln/raw mill exhaust and the alkali bypass. You may conduct a performance 

test of the alkali bypass exhaust when the raw mill of the in-line kiln/raw mill is operating or not 

operating.

(i) Each performance test must consist of three separate runs conducted under representative 

conditions. The duration of each run must be at least 3 hours, and the sample volume for each run must 

be at least 2.5 dscm (90 dscf).

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computed using
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(ii) The temperature at the inlet to the kiln or in-line kiln/raw mill PMCD, and, where applicable, the 

temperature at the inlet to the alkali bypass PMCD must be continuously recorded during the period of 

the Method 23 test, and the continuous temperature record(s) must be included in the performance test 

report.

(iii) Average temperatures must be calculated for each run of the performance test.

(iv) The run average temperature must be calculated for each run, and the average of the run 

average temperatures must be determined and included in the performance test report and will 

determine the applicable temperature limit in accordance with § 63.1344(b).

(v)(A) If sorbent injection is used for D/F control, you must record the rate of sorbent injection to the 

kiln exhaust, and where applicable, the rate of sorbent injection to the alkali bypass exhaust, 

continuously during the period of the Method 23 test in accordance with the conditions in 

§ 63.1350(m)(9), and include the continuous injection rate record(s) in the performance test report. 

Determine the sorbent injection rate parameters in accordance with paragraphs (b)(3)(vi) of this section.

(B) Include the brand and type of sorbent used during the performance test in the performance test 

report.

(C) Maintain a continuous record of either the carrier gas flow rate or the carrier gas pressure drop 

for the duration of the performance test. If the carrier gas flow rate is used, determine, record, and 

maintain a record of the accuracy of the carrier gas flow rate monitoring system according to the 

procedures in appendix A to part 75 of this chapter. If the carrier gas pressure drop is used, determine, 

record, and maintain a record of the accuracy of the carrier gas pressure drop monitoring system 

according to the procedures in § 63.1350(m)(6).

(vi) Calculate the run average sorbent injection rate for each run and determine and include the 

average of the run average injection rates in the performance test report and determine the applicable 

injection rate limit in accordance with § 63.1346(c)(1).

(4) THC emissions test. (i) If you are subject to limitations on THC emissions, you must operate a 

CEMS in accordance with the requirements in § 63.1350(i). For the purposes of conducting the accuracy 

and quality assurance evaluations for CEMS, the THC span value (as propane) is 50 ppmvd and the 

reference method (RM) is Method 25A of appendix A to part 60 of this chapter.

(ii) Use the THC CEMS to conduct the initial compliance test for the first 30 kiln operating days of 

kiln operation after the compliance date of the rule. See 63.1348(a).

(iii) If kiln gases are diverted through an alkali bypass or to a coal mill and exhausted through a 

separate stack, you must calculate a kiln-specific THC limit using Equation 9:

Cks =

(MACT Limit x (Qab+Qcm+Qks))−(Qab x Cab)−(Qcm x Ccm)

Qks+Qab+Qcm)

 (Eq. 9)

Where:

Cks = Kiln stack concentration (ppmvd).

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Page 34 of 67

Qab = Alkali bypass flow rate (volume/hr).

Cab = Alkali bypass concentration (ppmvd).

Qcm = Coal mill flow rate (volume/hr).

Ccm = Coal mill concentration (ppmvd).

Qks = Kiln stack flow rate (volume/hr).

(iv) THC must be measured either upstream of the coal mill or the coal mill stack.

(v) Instead of conducting the performance test specified in paragraph (b)(4)of this section, you may 

conduct a performance test to determine emissions of total organic HAP by following the procedures in 

paragraphs (b)(7) of this section.

(5) Mercury Emissions Tests. If you are subject to limitations on mercury emissions, you must 

operate a mercury CEMS or a sorbent trap monitoring system in accordance with the requirements of 

§ 63.1350(k). The initial compliance test must be based on the first 30 kiln operating days in which the 

affected source operates using a mercury CEMS or a sorbent trap monitoring system after the 

compliance date of the rule. See § 63.1348(a).

(i) If you are using a mercury CEMS or a sorbent trap monitoring system, you must install, operate, 

calibrate, and maintain an instrument for continuously measuring and recording the exhaust gas flow 

rate to the atmosphere according to the requirements in § 63.1350(k)(5).

(ii) Calculate the emission rate using Equation 10 of this section:

Where:

E30D = 30-day rolling emission rate of mercury, lb/MM tons clinker.

Ci = Concentration of mercury for operating hour i, μg/scm.

Qi = Volumetric flow rate of effluent gas for operating hour i, where Ci and Qi are on the same basis (either wet or 

dry), scm/hr.

k = Conversion factor, 1 lb/454,000,000 μg.

n = Number of kiln operating hours in the previous 30 kiln operating day period where both C and Qi qualified data 

are available.

P = Total runs from the previous 30 days of clinker production during the same time period as the mercury 

emissions measured, million tons.

(6) HCl emissions tests. For a source subject to limitations on HCl emissions you must conduct 

performance testing by one of the following methods:

(i)(A) If the source is equipped with a wet scrubber, tray tower or dry scrubber, you must conduct 

performance testing using Method 321 of appendix A to this part unless you have installed a CEMS that 

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Page 35 of 67

meets the requirements § 63.1350(l)(1). For kilns with inline raw mills, testing should be conducted for 

the raw mill on and raw mill off conditions.

(B) You must establish site specific parameter limits by using the CPMS required in § 63.1350(l)(1). 

For a wet scrubber or tray tower, measure and record the pressure drop across the scrubber and/or 

liquid flow rate and pH in intervals of no more than 15 minutes during the HCl test. Compute and record 

the 24-hour average pressure drop, pH, and average scrubber water flow rate for each sampling run in 

which the applicable emissions limit is met. For a dry scrubber, measure and record the sorbent injection 

rate in intervals of no more than 15 minutes during the HCl test. Compute and record the 24-hour 

average sorbent injection rate and average sorbent injection rate for each sampling run in which the 

applicable emissions limit is met.

(ii)(A) If the source is not controlled by a wet scrubber, tray tower or dry sorbent injection system, 

you must operate a CEMS in accordance with the requirements of § 63.1350(l)(1). See § 63.1348(a).

(B) The initial compliance test must be based on the 30 kiln operating days that occur after the 

compliance date of this rule in which the affected source operates using a HCl CEMS. Hourly HCl 

concentration data must be obtained according to § 63.1350(l).

(iii) As an alternative to paragraph (b)(6)(i)(B) of this section, you may choose to monitor SO2

emissions using a CEMS in accordance with the requirements of § 63.1350(l)(3). You must establish an 

SO2 operating limit equal to the average recorded during the HCl stack test where the HCl stack test run

result demonstrates compliance with the emission limit. This operating limit will apply only for 

demonstrating HCl compliance.

(iv) If kiln gases are diverted through an alkali bypass or to a coal mill and exhausted through a 

separate stack, you must calculate a kiln-specific HCl limit using Equation 11:

Cks =

(MACT Limit x (Qab+Qcm+Qks))−(Qab x Cab)−(Qcm x Ccm)

Qks+Qab+Qcm)

 (Eq. 11)

Where:

Cks = Kiln stack concentration (ppmvd).

Qab = Alkali bypass flow rate (volume/hr).

Cab = Alkali bypass concentration (ppmvd).

Qcm = Coal mill flow rate (volume/hr).

Ccm = Coal mill concentration (ppmvd).

Qks = Kiln stack flow rate (volume/hr).

(7) Total Organic HAP Emissions Tests. Instead of conducting the performance test specified in 

paragraph (b)(4) of this section, you may conduct a performance test to determine emissions of total 

organic HAP by following the procedures in paragraphs (b)(7)(i) through (v) of this section.

(i) Use Method 320 of appendix A to this part, Method 18 of Appendix A of part 60, ASTM D6348-

03 or a combination to determine emissions of total organic HAP. Each performance test must consist of 

three separate runs under the conditions that exist when the affected source is operating at the 

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Page 36 of 67

representative performance conditions in accordance with § 63.7(e). Each run must be conducted for at 

least 1 hour.

(ii) At the same time that you are conducting the performance test for total organic HAP, you must 

also determine a site-specific THC emissions limit by operating a THC CEMS in accordance with the 

requirements of § 63.1350(j). The duration of the performance test must be at least 3 hours and the 

average THC concentration (as calculated from the recorded output) during the 3-hour test must be 

calculated. You must establish your THC operating limit and determine compliance with it according to 

paragraphs (a)(7)(vii)through (viii)of this section. It is permissible to extend the testing time of the organic 

HAP performance test if you believe extended testing is required to adequately capture organic HAP 

and/ or THC variability over time.

(iii) If your source has an in-line kiln/raw mill you must use the fraction of time the raw mill is on and 

the fraction of time that the raw mill is off and calculate this limit as a weighted average of the THC levels 

measured during three raw mill on and three raw mill off tests.

(iv) If your organic HAP emissions are below 75 percent of the organic HAP standard and you 

determine your operating limit with paragraph (b)(7)(vii) of this section your THC CEMS must be 

calibrated and operated on a measurement scale no greater than 180 ppmvw, as carbon, or 60 ppmvw 

as propane.

(v) If your kiln has an inline coal mill, and you are required to measure at the coal mill inlet, you 

must also measure oHAP at the coal mil inlet and calculate a weighted average for all emission sources 

including the inline coal mill and the alkali bypass.

(vi) Your THC CEMS measurement scale must be capable of reading THC concentrations from 

zero to a level equivalent to two times your highest THC emissions average determined during your 

performance test, including mill on or mill off operation. NOTE: This may require the use of a dual range 

instrument to meet this requirement and paragraph (b)(7)(iv) of this section.

(vii) Determine your operating limit as specified in paragraphs (a)(7)(vii) and (viii) of this section. If 

your organic HAP performance test demonstrates your average organic HAP emission levels are below 

75 percent of your emission limit (9 ppmv) you will use the average THC value recorded during the 

organic HAP performance test, and the average total organic HAP result of your performance test to 

establish your operating limit. If your organic HAP compliance test results demonstrate that your average 

organic HAP emission levels are at or above 75 percent of your emission limit, your operating limit is 

established as the average THC value recorded during the organic HAP performance test. You must 

establish a new operating limit after each performance test. You must repeat the performance test no 

later than 30 months following your last performance test and reassess and adjust the site-specific 

operating limit in accordance with the results of the performance test.

(viii) If the average organic HAP results for your three Method 18 and/or Method 320 performance 

test runs are below 75 percent of your organic HAP emission limit, you must calculate an operating limit 

by establishing a relationship of THC CEMS signal to the organic HAP concentration using the average 

THC CEMS value corresponding to the three organic HAP compliance test runs and the average organic 

HAP total concentration from the Method 18 and/or Method 320 performance test runs with the 

procedures in (a)(7)(vii)(A) and (B) of this section.

(A) Determine the THC CEMS average values in ppmvw, and the average of your corresponding 

three total organic HAP compliance test runs, using Equation 12.

Deleted: 1-minute

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Deleted: ing
Page 37 of 67

Where:

x̅= The THC CEMS average values in ppmvw.

Xi= The THC CEMS data points for all three runs i.

Yi= The sum of organic HAP concentrations for test runs i. and

n = The number of data points.

(B) You must use your three run average THC CEMS value and your three run average organic 

HAP concentration from your three Method 18 and/or Method 320 compliance tests to determine the 

operating limit. Use equation 13 to determine your operating limit in units of ppmvw THC, as propane.

Where:

Tl = The 30-day operating limit for your THC CEMS, ppmvw.

Y1 = The average organic HAP concentration from Eq. 12, ppmv.

X1 = The average THC CEMS concentration from Eq. 12, ppmvw.

(ix) If the average of your three organic HAP performance test runs is at or above 75 percent of 

your organic HAP emission limit, you must determine your operating limit using Equation 14 by 

averaging the THC CEMS output values corresponding to your three organic HAP performance test runs 

that demonstrate compliance with the emission limit. If your new THC CEMS value is below your current 

operating limit, you may opt to retain your current operating limit, but you must still submit all 

performance test and THC CEMS data according to the reporting requirements in paragraph (d)(1) of 

this section.

Where:

X1 = The THC CEMS data points for all runs i.

Y1 = The organic HAP total value for runs i.

n = The number of data points.

Th = Your site specific operating limit, in ppmvw THC.

(x) If your kiln has an inline kiln/raw mill, you must conduct separate performance tests while the 

raw mill is operating (“mill on”) and while the raw mill is not operating (“mill off”). Using the fraction of 

time the raw mill is on and the fraction of time that the raw mill is off, calculate this limit as a weighted 

average of the THC levels measured during raw mill on and raw mill off compliance testing with Equation 

15.

Where:

Deleted: value, and

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Page 38 of 67

R = Operating limit as THC, ppmvw.

y = Average THC CEMS value during mill on operations, ppmvw.

t = Percentage of operating time with mill on.

x = Average THC CEMS value during mill off operations, ppmvw.

(1-t) = Percentage of operating time with mill off.

(xi) To determine continuous compliance with the THC operating limit, you must record the THC 

CEMS output data for all periods when the process is operating and the THC CEMS is not out-of-control. 

You must demonstrate continuous compliance by using all quality-assured hourly average data collected 

by the THC CEMS for all operating hours to calculate the arithmetic average operating parameter in 

units of the operating limit (ppmvw) on a 30 operating day rolling average basis, updated at the end of 

each new kiln operating day. Use Equation 16 to determine the 30 kiln operating day average.

Where:

Hpvi = The hourly parameter value for hour i, ppmvw.

n = The number of valid hourly parameter values collected over 30 kiln operating days.

(xii) Use EPA Method 18 or Method 320 of appendix A to part 60 of this chapter to determine 

organic HAP emissions. For each performance test, conduct at least three separate runs under the 

conditions that exist when the affected source is operating at the level reasonably expected to occur. If 

your source has an in-line kiln/raw mill you must conduct three separate test runs with the raw mill on, 

and three separate runs under the conditions that exist when the affected source is operating at the level 

reasonably expected to occur with the mill off. Conduct each Method 18 test run to collect a minimum 

target sample equivalent to three times the method detection limit. Calculate the average of the results 

from three runs to determine compliance.

(xiii) If the THC level exceeds by 10 percent or more your site-specific THC emissions limit, you 

must

(A) As soon as possible but no later than 30 days after the exceedance, conduct an inspection and 

take corrective action to return the THC CEMS measurements to within the established value; and

(B) Within 90 days of the exceedance or at the time of the 30 month compliance test, whichever 

comes first, conduct another performance test to determine compliance with the organic HAP limit and to 

verify or re-establish your site-specific THC emissions limit.

(8) HCl Emissions Tests with SO2 Monitoring. If you choose to monitor SO2 emissions using a 

CEMS to demonstrate HCl compliance, follow the procedures in (b)(8)(i) through (ix) of this section and 

in accordance with the requirements of § 63.1350(l)(3). You must establish an SO2 operating limit equal 

to the average recorded during the HCl stack test. . This operating limit will apply only for demonstrating 

HCl compliance.

(i) Use Method 321 of appendix A to this part to determine emissions of HCl. Each performance 

test must consist of three separate runs under the conditions that exist when the affected source is 

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the average of the SO2 emissions recorded during the HCl 

stack test
Page 39 of 67

operating at the representative performance conditions in accordance with § 63.7(e). Each run must be 

conducted for at least one hour.

(ii) At the same time that you are conducting the performance test for HCl, you must also 

determine a site-specific SO2 emissions limit by operating an SO2 CEMS in accordance with the 

requirements of § 63.1350(l). The duration of the performance test must be three hours and the average 

SO2 concentration (as calculated from the average output) during the 3-hour test must be calculated. 

You must establish your SO2 operating limit and determine compliance with it according to paragraphs 

(b)(8)(vii) and (viii)of this section.

(iii) If your source has an in-line kiln/raw mill you must use the fraction of time the raw mill is on and 

the fraction of time that the raw mill is off and calculate this limit as a weighted average of the SO2 levels 

measured during raw mill on and raw mill off testing.

(iv) Your SO2 CEMS must be calibrated and operated according to the requirements of § 60.63(f).

(v) Your SO2 CEMS measurement scale must be capable of reading SO2 concentrations consistent 

with the requirements of § 60.63(f), including mill on or mill off operation.

(vi) If your kiln has an inline kiln/raw mill, you must conduct separate performance tests while the 

raw mill is operating (“mill on”) and while the raw mill is not operating (“mill off”). Using the fraction of 

time the raw mill is on and the fraction of time that the raw mill is off, calculate this limit as a weighted 

average of the HCl levels measured during raw mill on and raw mill off compliance testing with Equation 

17.

Where:

R = Operating limit as SO2 , ppmvw.

y = Average SO2 CEMS value during mill on operations, ppmvw.

t = Percentage of operating time with mill on, expressed as a decimal.

x = Average SO2 CEMS value during mill off operations, ppmvw.

t−1 = Percentage of operating time with mill off, expressed as a decimal.

(vii) If the average of your three HCl compliance test runs is below 75 percent of your HCl emission 

limit, you must calculate an operating limit by establishing a relationship of SO2 CEMS signal to your HCl 

concentration corrected to 7% O2 by using the SO2 CEMS instrument zero, the average SO2 CEMS 

values corresponding to the three compliance test runs, and the average HCl concentration from the HCl 

compliance test with the procedures in (a)(1)(iii)(A) through (D) of this section.

(A) Determine your SO2 CEMS instrument zero output with one of the following procedures.

( 1 ) Zero point data for in-situ instruments should be obtained by removing the instrument from the 

stack and monitoring ambient air on a test bench.

( 2 ) Zero point data for extractive instruments may be obtained by removing the extractive probe 

from the stack and drawing in clean ambient air.

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Page 40 of 67

( 3 ) The zero point may also be established by performing probe-flood introduction of high purity 

nitrogen or certified zero air free of SO2.

( 4 ) If none of the steps in paragraphs (a)(1)(iii)(A)( 1 ) through ( 3 ) of this section are possible, 

you must use a zero output value provided by the manufacturer.

(B) Determine your SO2 CEMS instrument average ppm, and the average of your corresponding 

three HCl compliance test runs, using equation 18.

x =

1

n∑X1

n

i=1

, y =

1

n∑Y1

n

i=1

(Eq. 18)

Where:

X1 = The SO2 CEMS data points for the three runs constituting the performance test.

Y1 = The HCl emission concentration expressed as ppmv corrected to 7% O2 for the three runs 

constituting the performance test.

n = The number of data points.

(C) With your instrument zero expressed in ppmv, your three run average SO2 CEMS expressed in 

ppmv, and your three run HCl compliance test average in ppm corrected to 7% O2, determine a 

relationship of ppm HCl corrected to 7% O2 per ppm SO2 with Equation 19.

R =

Y1

(X1 − z)

(Eq. 19)

Where:

R = The relative HCl ppmv corrected to 7% O2 per ppm SO2 for your SO2 CEMS.

Y1 = The three run average HCl concentration corrected to 7% O2.

X1 = The three run average ppm recorded by your SO2 CEMS.

z = The instrument zero output ppm value. 

(D) Determine your source specific 30-day rolling average operating limit using ppm HCl corrected 

to 7% O2 per ppm SO2 value from Equation 19 in Equation 20, below. This sets your operating limit at 

the SO2 CEMS ppm value corresponding to 75 percent of your emission limit.

O1 = z +

0.75(L)

R

(Eq. 20)

Where:
Page 41 of 67

Ol = The operating limit for your SO2 CEMS on a 30-day rolling average, in ppmv.

L = Your source HCl emission limit expressed in ppmv corrected to 7% O2.

z = Your instrument zero in ppmv, determined from (1)(i).

R = The relative oxygen corrected ppmv HCl per ppmv SO2, for your SO2 CEMS, from Equation 19.

(viii) To determine continuous compliance with the SO2 operating limit, you must record the SO2

CEMS output data for all periods when the process is operating and the SO2 CEMS is not out-of-control. 

You must demonstrate continuous compliance by using all quality-assured hourly average data collected 

by the SO2 CEMS for all operating hours to calculate the arithmetic average operating parameter in units 

of the operating limit (ppmvw) on a 30 operating day rolling average basis, updated at the end of each 

new kiln operating day. Use Equation 18 to determine the 30 kiln operating day average.

30kiln operating day =

∑ Hpvi n

i=1

n

(Eq. 21)

Where:

Hpvi = The hourly parameter value for hour i, ppmvw.

n = The number of valid hourly parameter values collected over 30 kiln operating days.

(ix) Use EPA Method 321 of appendix A to part 60 of this chapter to determine HCl emissions. For 

each performance test, conduct at least three separate runs under the conditions that exist when the 

affected source is operating at the highest load or capacity level reasonably expected to occur. If your 

source has an in-line kiln/raw mill you must conduct three separate test runs with the raw mill on, and 

three separate runs under the conditions that exist when the affected source is operating at the highest 

load or capacity level reasonably expected to occur with the mill off.

(x) If the SO2 level exceeds by 10 percent or more your site-specific SO2 emissions limit, you must

(A) As soon as possible but no later than 30 days after the exceedance, conduct an inspection and 

take corrective action to return the SO2 CEMS measurements to within the established value. and

(B) Within 90 days of the exceedance or at the time of the periodic compliance test, whichever 

comes first, conduct another performance test to determine compliance with the HCl limit and to verify or 

re-establish your site-specific SO2 emissions limit.

(c) Performance Test Frequency. Except as provided in § 63.1348(b), performance tests are 

required at regular intervals for affected sources that are subject to a dioxin, organic HAP or HCl 

emissions limit and must be repeated every 30 months except for pollutants where that specific pollutant 

is monitored using CEMS. Tests for PM are repeated every 12 months.

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(d) Performance Test Reporting Requirements. (1) You must submit the information specified in 

paragraphs (d)(1) and (2) of this section no later than 60 days following the initial performance test. All 

reports must be signed by a responsible official.

(i) The initial performance test data as recorded under paragraph (b) of this section.

(ii) The values for the site-specific operating limits or parameters established pursuant to 

paragraphs (b)(1), (3), (6), and (7) of this section, as applicable, and a description, including sample 

calculations, of how the operating parameters were established during the initial performance test.

(2) As of December 31, 2011 and within 60 days after the date of completing each performance 

evaluation or test, as defined in § 63.2, conducted to demonstrate compliance with any standard covered 

by this subpart, you must submit the relative accuracy test audit data and performance test data, except 

opacity data, to the EPA by successfully submitting the data electronically to the EPA's Central Data 

Exchange (CDX) by using the Electronic Reporting Tool(ERT) (see 

http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/ert/ert_tool.html/ ).

(e) Conditions of performance tests. Conduct performance tests under such conditions as the 

Administrator specifies to the owner or operator based on representative performance of the affected 

source for the period being tested. Upon request, you must make available to the Administrator such 

records as may be necessary to determine the conditions of performance tests.

[75 FR 55057, Sept. 9, 2010, as amended at 78 FR 10040, Feb. 12, 2013]

§ 63.1350 Monitoring requirements.

(a)(1) Following the compliance date, the owner or operator must demonstrate compliance with this 

subpart on a continuous basis by meeting the requirements of this section.

(2) Reserved.

(3) For each existing unit that is equipped with a CMS, maintain the average emissions or the 

operating parameter values within the operating parameter limits established through performance tests.

(4) Any instance where the owner or operator fails to comply with the continuous monitoring 

requirements of this section is a violation.

(b) PM monitoring requirements. (1)(i) PM CPMS. You will use a PM CPMS to establish a sitespecific operating limit corresponding to the results of the performance test demonstrating compliance 

with the PM limit. You will conduct your performance test using Method 5 or Method 5I at appendix A-3 

to part 60 of this chapter. You will use the PM CPMS to demonstrate continuous compliance with this 

operating limit. You must repeat the performance test annually and reassess and adjust the site-specific 

operating limit in accordance with the results of the performance test using the procedures in 

§ 63.1349(b)(1) (i) through (vi) of this subpart. You must also repeat the test if you change the analytical 

range of the instrument, or if you replace the instrument itself or any principle analytical component of 

the instrument that would alter the relationship of output signal to in-stack PM concentration.

(ii) To determine continuous compliance, you must use the PM CPMS output data for all periods 

when the process is operating and the PM CPMS is not out-of-control. You must demonstrate 

continuous compliance by using all quality-assured hourly average data collected by the PM CPMS for 

Deleted: All continuous monitoring data for periods of startup 

and shutdown must be compiled and averaged separately 

from data gathered during other operating periods.
Page 43 of 67

all operating hours to calculate the arithmetic average operating parameter in units of the operating limit 

(milliamps) on a 30 operating day rolling average basis, updated at the end of each new kiln operating 

day.

(iii) For any exceedance of the 30 process operating day PM CPMS average value from the 

established operating parameter limit, you must:

(A) Within 48 hours of the exceedance, visually inspect the APCD;

(B) If inspection of the APCD identifies the cause of the exceedance, take corrective action as soon 

as possible and return the PM CPMS measurement to within the established value; and

(C) Within 30 days of the exceedance or at the time of the annual compliance test, whichever 

comes first, conduct a PM emissions compliance test to determine compliance with the PM emissions 

limit and to verify or re-establish the PM CPMS operating limit within 45 days. You are not required to 

conduct additional testing for any exceedances that occur between the time of the original exceedance 

and the PM emissions compliance test required under this paragraph.

(iv) PM CPMS exceedances leading to more than four required performance tests in a 12-month 

process operating period (rolling monthly) constitute a presumptive violation of this subpart.

(2) [Reserved]

(c) [Reserved]

(d) Clinker production monitoring requirements. In order to determine clinker production, you must:

(1) Determine hourly clinker production by one of two methods:

(i) Install, calibrate, maintain, and operate a permanent weigh scale system to measure and record 

weight rates in tons-mass per hour of the amount of clinker produced. The system of measuring hourly 

clinker production must be maintained within ±5 percent accuracy, or

(ii) Install, calibrate, maintain, and operate a permanent weigh scale system to measure and record 

weight rates in tons-mass per hour of the amount of feed to the kiln. The system of measuring feed must 

be maintained within ±5 percent accuracy. Calculate your hourly clinker production rate using a kilnspecific feed to clinker ratio based on reconciled clinker production determined for accounting purposes 

and recorded feed rates. Update this ratio monthly. Note that if this ratio changes at clinker 

reconciliation, you must use the new ratio going forward, but you do not have to retroactively change 

clinker production rates previously estimated.

(iii) [Reserved]

(2) Determine, record, and maintain a record of the accuracy of the system of measuring hourly 

clinker production (or feed mass flow if applicable) before initial use (for new sources) or by the effective 

compliance date of this rule (for existing sources). During each quarter of source operation, you must 

determine, record, and maintain a record of the ongoing accuracy of the system of measuring hourly 

clinker production (or feed mass flow).
Page 44 of 67

(3) If you measure clinker production directly, record the daily clinker production rates; if you 

measure the kiln feed rates and calculate clinker production, record the hourly kiln feed and clinker 

production rates.

(4) Develop an emissions monitoring plan in accordance with paragraphs (p)(1) through (p)(4) of 

this section.

(e) [Reserved]

(f) Opacity monitoring requirements. If you are subject to a limitation on opacity under § 63.1345, 

you must conduct required opacity monitoring in accordance with the provisions of paragraphs (f)(1)(i) 

through (vii) of this section and in accordance with your monitoring plan developed under § 63.1350(p). 

You must also develop an opacity monitoring plan in accordance with paragraphs (p)(1) through (4) and 

paragraph (o)(5), if applicable, of this section.

(1)(i) You must conduct a monthly 10-minute visible emissions test of each affected source in 

accordance with Method 22 of appendix A-7 to part 60 of this chapter. The performance test must be 

conducted while the affected source is in operation.

(ii) If no visible emissions are observed in six consecutive monthly tests for any affected source, the 

owner or operator may decrease the frequency of performance testing from monthly to semi-annually for 

that affected source. If visible emissions are observed during any semi-annual test, you must resume 

performance testing of that affected source on a monthly basis and maintain that schedule until no 

visible emissions are observed in six consecutive monthly tests.

(iii) If no visible emissions are observed during the semi-annual test for any affected source, you 

may decrease the frequency of performance testing from semi-annually to annually for that affected 

source. If visible emissions are observed during any annual performance test, the owner or operator 

must resume performance testing of that affected source on a monthly basis and maintain that schedule 

until no visible emissions are observed in six consecutive monthly tests.

(iv) If visible emissions are observed during any Method 22 performance test, of appendix A-7 to 

part 60 of this chapter, you must conduct 30 minutes of opacity observations, recorded at 15-second 

intervals, in accordance with Method 9 of appendix A-4 to part 60 of this chapter. The Method 9 

performance test, of appendix A-4 to part 60 of this chapter, must begin within 1 hour of any observation 

of visible emissions.

(v) Any totally enclosed conveying system transfer point, regardless of the location of the transfer 

point is not required to conduct Method 22 visible emissions monitoring under this paragraph. The 

enclosures for these transfer points must be operated and maintained as total enclosures on a 

continuing basis in accordance with the facility operations and maintenance plan.

(vi) If any partially enclosed or unenclosed conveying system transfer point is located in a building, 

you must conduct a Method 22 performance test, of appendix A-7 to part 60 of this chapter, according to 

the requirements of paragraphs (f)(1)(i) through (iv) of this section for each such conveying system 

transfer point located within the building, or for the building itself, according to paragraph (f)(1)(vii) of this 

section.

(vii) If visible emissions from a building are monitored, the requirements of paragraphs (f)(1)(i) 

through (f)(1)(iv) of this section apply to the monitoring of the building, and you must also test visible 

emissions from each side, roof, and vent of the building for at least 10 minutes.
Page 45 of 67

(2)(i) For a raw mill or finish mill, you must monitor opacity by conducting daily visible emissions 

observations of the mill sweep and air separator PM control devices (PMCD) of these affected sources 

in accordance with the procedures of Method 22 of appendix A-7 to part 60 of this chapter. The duration 

of the Method 22 performance test must be 6 minutes.

(ii) Within 24 hours of the end of the Method 22 performance test in which visible emissions were 

observed, the owner or operator must conduct a follow up Method 22 performance test of each stack 

from which visible emissions were observed during the previous Method 22 performance test.

(iii) If visible emissions are observed during the follow-up Method 22 performance test required by 

paragraph (f)(2)(ii) of this section from any stack from which visible emissions were observed during the 

previous Method 22 performance test required by paragraph (f)(2)(i) of the section, you must then 

conduct an opacity test of each stack from which emissions were observed during the follow up Method 

22 performance test in accordance with Method 9 of appendix A-4 to part 60 of this chapter. The 

duration of the Method 9 test must be 30 minutes.

(3) If visible emissions are observed during any Method 22 visible emissions test conducted under 

paragraphs (f)(1) or (2) of this section, you must initiate, within one-hour, the corrective actions specified 

in your operation and maintenance plan as required in § 63.1347.

(4) The requirements under paragraph (f)(2) of this section to conduct daily Method 22 testing do 

not apply to any specific raw mill or finish mill equipped with a COMS or BLDS.

(i) If the owner or operator chooses to install a COMS in lieu of conducting the daily visible 

emissions testing required under paragraph (f)(2) of this section, then the COMS must be installed at the 

outlet of the PM control device of the raw mill or finish mill and the COMS must be installed, maintained, 

calibrated, and operated as required by the general provisions in subpart A of this part and according to 

PS-1 of appendix B to part 60 of this chapter.

(ii) If you choose to install a BLDS in lieu of conducting the daily visible emissions testing required 

under paragraph (f)(2) of this section, the requirements in paragraphs (m)(1) through (m)(4), (m)(10) and 

(m)(11) of this section apply.

(g) D/F monitoring requirements. If you are subject to an emissions limitation on D/F emissions, 

you must comply with the monitoring requirements of paragraphs (g)(1) through (g)(6) and paragraphs 

(m)(1) through (m)(4) of this section to demonstrate continuous compliance with the D/F emissions 

standard. You must also develop an emissions monitoring plan in accordance with paragraphs (p)(1) 

through (p)(4) of this section.

(1) You must install, calibrate, maintain, and continuously operate a CMS to record the temperature 

of the exhaust gases from the kiln and alkali bypass, if applicable, at the inlet to, or upstream of, the kiln 

and/or alkali bypass PMCDs.

(i) The temperature recorder response range must include zero and 1.5 times the average 

temperature established according to the requirements in § 63.1349(b)(3)(iv).

(ii) The calibration reference for the temperature measurement must be a National Institute of 

Standards and Technology calibrated reference thermocouple-potentiometer system or alternate 

reference, subject to approval by the Administrator.
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(iii) The calibration of all thermocouples and other temperature sensors must be verified at least 

once every three months.

(2) You must monitor and continuously record the temperature of the exhaust gases from the kiln 

and alkali bypass, if applicable, at the inlet to the kiln and/or alkali bypass PMCD.

(3) The required minimum data collection frequency must be one minute.

(4) Calculate the rolling three-hour average temperature using the average of 180 successive oneminute average temperatures. See § 63.1349(b)(3).

(5) When the operating status of the raw mill of the in-line kiln/raw mill is changed from off to on or 

from on to off, the calculation of the three-hour rolling average temperature must begin anew, without 

considering previous recordings.

(h) Monitoring requirements for sources using sorbent injection. If you are subject to an operating 

limit on D/F emissions that employs carbon injection as an emission control technique, you must comply 

with the additional monitoring requirements of paragraphs (h)(1) and (h)(2) and paragraphs (m)(1) 

through (m)(4) and (m)(9) of this section. You must also develop an emissions monitoring plan in 

accordance with paragraphs (p)(1) through (p)(4) of this section.

(1) Install, operate, calibrate, and maintain a continuous monitor to record the rate of activated 

carbon injection. The accuracy of the rate measurement device must be ±1 percent of the rate being 

measured.

(i) Verify the calibration of the device at least once every three months.

(ii) Each hour, calculate the three-hour rolling average activated carbon injection rate for the 

previous three hours of process operation. See § 63.1349(b)(3).

(iii) When the operating status of the raw mill of the in-line kiln/raw mill is changed from off to on or 

from on to off, the calculation of the three-hour rolling average activated carbon injection rate must begin 

anew, without considering previous recordings.

(2)(i) Install, operate, calibrate, and maintain a continuous monitor to record the activated carbon 

injection system carrier gas parameter (either the carrier gas flow rate or the carrier gas pressure drop) 

established during the D/F performance test in accordance with § 63.1349(b)(3).

(ii) Each hour, calculate the three-hour rolling average of the selected parameter value for the 

previous 3 hours of process operation using all of the one-minute data available ( i.e., the CMS is not 

out-of-control.)

(i) THC Monitoring Requirements. If you are subject to an emissions limitation on THC emissions, 

you must comply with the monitoring requirements of paragraphs (i)(1) and (i)(2) and (m)(1) through 

(m)(4) of this section. You must also develop an emissions monitoring plan in accordance with 

paragraphs (p)(1) through (p)(4) of this section.

(1) You must install, operate, and maintain a THC continuous emission monitoring system in 

accordance with Performance Specification 8 or Performance Specification 8A of appendix B to part 60 

of this chapter and comply with all of the requirements for continuous monitoring systems found in the 
Page 47 of 67

general provisions, subpart A of this part. The owner or operator must operate and maintain each CEMS 

according to the quality assurance requirements in Procedure 1 of appendix F in part 60 of this chapter.

(2) Performance tests on alkali bypass and coal mill stacks must be conducted using Method 25A 

in appendix A to 40 CFR part 60 and repeated every 30 months.

(j) Total organic HAP monitoring requirements. If you are complying with the total organic HAP 

emissions limits, you must continuously monitor THC according to paragraph (i)(1) and (2) or in 

accordance with Performance Specification 8 or Performance Specification 8A of appendix B to part 60 

of this chapter and comply with all of the requirements for continuous monitoring systems found in the 

general provisions, subpart A of this part. You must operate and maintain each CEMS according to the 

quality assurance requirements in Procedure 1 of appendix F in part 60 of this chapter. In addition, your 

must follow the monitoring requirements in paragraphs (m)(1) through (m)(4) of this section. You must 

also develop an emissions monitoring plan in accordance with paragraphs (p)(1) through (p)(4) of this 

section.

(k) Mercury Monitoring Requirements. If you have a kiln subject to an emissions limitation on 

mercury emissions, you must install and operate a mercury continuous emissions monitoring system (Hg 

CEMS) in accordance with Performance Specification 12A (PS 12A) of appendix B to part 60 of this 

chapter or an integrated sorbent trap monitoring system in accordance with Performance Specification 

12B (PS 12B) of appendix B to part 60 of this chapter. You must monitor mercury continuously according 

to paragraphs (k)(1) through (5) of this section. You must also develop an emissions monitoring plan in 

accordance with paragraphs (p)(1) through (4) of this section.

(1) You must use a span value for any Hg CEMS that represents the mercury concentration 

corresponding to approximately two times the emissions standard and may be rounded up to the nearest 

multiple of 5 μg/m3 of total mercury or higher level if necessary to include Hg concentrations which may 

occur (excluding concentrations during in-line raw “mill off” operation). As specified in PS 12A, Section 

6.1.1, the data recorder output range must include the full range of expected Hg concentration values 

which would include those expected during “mill off” conditions. Engineering judgments made and 

calculations used to determine the corresponding span concentration from the emission standard shall 

be documented in the site-specific monitoring plan and associated records.

(2) In order to quality assure data measured above the span value, you must use one of the three

options in paragraphs (k)(2)(i) through (iii) of this section.

(i) Include a second span that encompasses the Hg emission concentrations expected to be 

encountered during “mill off” conditions. This second span may be rounded to a multiple of 5 μg/m3 of 

total mercury. The requirements of PS 12A, shall be followed for this second span with the exception 

that a RATA with the mill off is not required.

(ii) Quality assure any data above the span value by proving instrument linearity beyond the span 

value established in paragraph (k)(1) of this section using the following procedure. Conduct a weekly

“above span linearity” calibration challenge of the monitoring system using a reference gas with a 

certified value greater than your highest expected hourly concentration. The “above span” reference gas 

must meet the requirements of PS 12A, Section 7.1 and must be introduced to the measurement system 

at the probe. Record and report the results of this procedure as you would for a daily calibration. The 

“above span linearity” challenge is successful if the value measured by the Hg CEMS falls within 10

percent of the certified value of the reference gas. If the value measured by the Hg CEMS during the 

above span linearity challenge exceeds 10 percent of the certified value of the reference gas, the 

monitoring system must be evaluated and repaired and a new “above span linearity” challenge met 

Deleted: annually.

Deleted: 15 

Deleted: two 

Deleted: and 

Commented [SMJ5]: This has become three options instead of 

two, per our discussion on Thursday afternoon.

Deleted: with

Deleted: certified

Deleted: calibration

Deleted: easurement
Page 48 of 67

before returning the Hg CEMS to service, or data above span from the Hg CEMS must be quality 

assured using the procedure established in (k)(2)(iii).

(iii) Quality assure any data above the span value established in paragraph (k)(1) of this section 

using the following procedure. Any time two consecutive one-hour average measured concentration of 

Hg exceeds the span value you must, within 24 hours before or after, introduce a higher, “above span” 

Hg reference gas standard to the Hg CEMS. The “above span” reference gas must meet the 

requirements of PS 12A, Section 7.1, must target a concentration level between 50 and 150 percent of 

the highest expected hourly concentration measured during the period of measurements above span, 

and must be introduced at the probe. Record and report the results of this procedure as you would for a 

daily calibration. The “above span” calibration is successful if the value measured by the Hg CEMS is 

within 20 percent of the certified value of the reference gas. If the value measured by the Hg CEMS 

exceeds 20 percent of the certified value of the reference gas, then you must normalize the one-hour 

average stack gas values measured above the span during the 24-hour period preceding or following the 

“above span” calibration for reporting based on the Hg CEMS response to the reference gas as shown in 

equation 19:

Certified reference gas value

Measured value of reference gas

x Measured stack gas result

= Normalized stack gas result (Eq. 22)

Only one `above span' calibration is needed per 24 hour period.

(3) You must operate and maintain each Hg CEMS or an integrated sorbent trap monitoring system 

according to the quality assurance requirements in Procedure 5 of appendix F to part 60 of this chapter. 

During the RATA of integrated sorbent trap monitoring systems required under Procedure 5, you may 

apply the appropriate exception for sorbent trap section 2 breakthrough in (k)(3)(i) through (iv) of this 

section:

(i) For stack Hg concentrations >1 μg/dscm, ≤10% of section 1 mass;

(ii) For stack Hg concentrations ≤1 μg/dscm and >0.5 μg/dscm, ≤20% of section 1 mass;

(iii) For stack Hg concentrations ≤0.5 μg/dscm and >0.1 μg/dscm, ≤50% of section 1 mass; and

(iv) For stack Hg concentrations ≤0.1 μg/dscm, no breakthrough criterion assuming all other 

QA/QC specifications are met.

(4) Relative accuracy testing of mercury monitoring systems under PS 12A, PS 12B, or Procedure 

5 must be conducted at normal operating conditions. If a facility has an inline raw mill, the testing must 

occur with the raw mill on.

(5) If you use a Hg CEMS or an integrated sorbent trap monitoring system, you must install, 

operate, calibrate, and maintain an instrument for continuously measuring and recording the exhaust gas 

flow rate to the atmosphere according to the requirements in paragraphs (n)(1) through (10) of this 

section. If kiln gases are diverted through an alkali bypass or to a coal mill and exhausted through 

separate stacks, you must account for the mercury emitted from those stacks by following the 

procedures in (k)(5)(i) through (iv) of this section:

Deleted: instrument

Deleted: instrument

Deleted: be of
Page 49 of 67

(i) Develop a mercury hourly mass emissions rate by conducting annual performance tests using 

Method 29, or Method 30B, to measure the concentration of mercury in the gases exhausted from the 

alkali bypass and coal mill.

(ii) On a continuous basis, determine the mass emissions of mercury in lb/hr from the alkali bypass 

and coal mill exhausts by using the mercury hourly emissions rate, the exhaust gas flow rate and hourl y 

mercury emission rate to calculate hourly mercury emissions in lb/hr.

(iii) Sum the hourly mercury emissions from the kiln, alkali bypass and coal mill to determine total 

mercury emissions. Using hourly clinker production, calculate the hourly emissions rate in pounds per 

ton of clinker to determine your 30 day rolling average.

(iv) If mercury emissions from the coal mill and alkali bypass are below the method detection limit 

for two consecutive annual performance tests, you may reduce the frequency of the performance tests of 

coal mills and alkali bypasses to once every 30 months. If the measured mercury concentration exceeds 

the method detection limit, you must revert to testing annually until two consecutive annual tests are 

below the method detection limit.

(6) If you operate an integrated sorbent trap monitoring system conforming to PS 12B, you may 

use a monitoring period at least 24 hours but no longer than 168 hours in length. You should use a 

monitoring period that is a multiple of 24 hours (except during relative accuracy testing as allowed in PS 

12B).

(l) HCl Monitoring Requirements. If you are subject to an emissions limitation on HCl emissions in 

§ 63.1343, you must monitor HCl emissions continuously according to paragraph (l)(1) or (2) and 

paragraphs (m)(1) through (4) of this section or, if your kiln is controlled using a wet or dry scrubber or 

tray tower, you alternatively may parametrically monitor SO2 emissions continuously according to 

paragraph (l)(3) of this section. You must also develop an emissions monitoring plan in accordance with 

paragraphs (p)(1) through (4) of this section.

(1) If you monitor compliance with the HCl emissions limit by operating an HCl CEMS, you must do 

so in accordance with Performance Specification 15 (PS 15) of appendix B to part 60 of this chapter, or, 

upon promulgation, in accordance with any other performance specification for HCl CEMS in appendix B 

to part 60 of this chapter. You must operate, maintain, and quality assure a HCl CEMS installed and 

certified under PS 15 according to the quality assurance requirements in Procedure 1 of appendix F to 

part 60 of this chapter except that the Relative Accuracy Test Audit requirements of Procedure 1 must 

be replaced with the validation requirements and criteria of sections 11.1.1 and 12.0 of PS 15. If you 

install and operate an HCl CEMS in accordance with any other performance specification for HCl CEMS 

in appendix B to part 60 of this chapter, you must operate, maintain and quality assure the HCl CEMS 

using the procedure of appendix F to part 60 of this chapter applicable to the performance specification. 

You must use Method 321 of appendix A to part 63 of this chapter as the reference test method for 

conducting relative accuracy testing. The span value and calibration requirements in paragraphs (l)(1)(i) 

and (ii) of this section apply to HCl CEMS other than those installed and certified under PS 15.

(i) You must use a measurement span value for any HCl CEMS of 0-10 ppmvw. The HCl CEMS data 

recorder output range must include the full range of expected HCl concentration values which would 

include those expected during ‘‘mill off’’ conditions. The corresponding data recorder range shall be 

documented in the site-specific monitoring plan and associated records.

(ii) In order to quality assure data measured above the span value, you must use one of the three

options in paragraphs (l)(1)(ii)(A) through (C) of this section.

Formatted: Font: (Default) Arial, 10 pt

Deleted: You must use a span value for any HCl CEMS that 

represents the intended upper limit of the HCl concentration 

measurement range during normal inline raw “mill on” 

operation. The span value should be a concentration 

equivalent to approximately two times the emissions standard 

and it may be rounded to the nearest multiple of 5 ppm of HCl. 

The HCl CEMS data recorder output range must include the 

full range of expected HCl concentration values which would 

include those expected during “mill off” conditions. 

Engineering judgments made and calculations used to 

determine the corresponding span concentration from the 

emission standard shall be documented in the site-specific 

monitoring plan and associated records.¶

Deleted: two 

Deleted: and 

Deleted: B
Page 50 of 67

(A) Include a second span that encompasses the HCl emission concentrations expected to be 

encountered during “mill off” conditions. This second span may be rounded to a multiple of 

5 μg/m3 of total HCl. The requirements of the appropriate HCl monitor performance 

specification shall be followed for this second span with the exception that a RATA with 

the mill off is not required.

(B) Quality assure any data above the span value by proving instrument linearity beyond the 

span value established in paragraph (I)(1)(i) of this section using the following procedure. 

Conduct a weekly “above span linearity” calibration challenge of the monitoring system 

using a reference gas with a certified value greater than your highest expected hourly 

concentration. The “above span” reference gas must meet the requirements of the 

applicable performance specification and must be introduced to the measurement system

at the probe. Record and report the results of this procedure as you would for a daily 

calibration. The “above span linearity” challenge is successful if the value measured by 

the HCl CEMS falls within 10 percent of the certified value of the reference gas. If the 

value measured by the HCl CEMS during the above span linearity challenge exceeds 10 

percent of the certified value of the reference gas, the monitoring system must be 

evaluated and repaired and a new “above span linearity” challenge met before returning 

the HCl CEMS to service, or data above span from the HCl CEMS must be quality 

assured using the procedure established in (I)(1)(C). 

(C) Quality assure any data above the span value established in paragraph (1)(1)(i) of this section 

using the following procedure. Any time the average measured concentration of HCl exceeds or is 

expected to exceed the span value for greater than two hours you must, within a period 24 hours before 

or after the `above span' period, introduce a higher, `above span' HCl reference gas standard to the HCl 

CEMS. The `above span' reference gas must meet the requirements of the applicable performance 

specification and target a concentration level between 50 and 100 percent of the highest expected hourly 

concentration measured during the period of measurements above span, and must be introduced at the 

probe. Record and report the results of this procedure as you would for a daily calibration. The `above 

span' calibration is successful if the value measured by the HCl CEMS is within 20 percent of the 

certified value of the reference gas. If the value measured by the HCl CEMS is not within 20 percent of 

the certified value of the reference gas, then you must normalize the stack gas values measured above 

span as described in paragraph (l)(1)(ii)(D) below. If the `above span' calibration is conducted during the 

period when measured emissions are above span and there is a failure to collect the required minimum 

number of data points in an hour due to the calibration duration, then you must determine the emissions 

average for that missed hour as the average of hourly averages for the hour preceding the missed hour 

and the hour following the missed hour.

(D) In the event that the `above span' calibration is not successful (i.e., the HCl CEMS measured 

value is not within 20 percent of the certified value of the reference gas), then you must normalize the 

one-hour average stack gas values measured above the span during the 24-hour period preceding or 

following the `above span' calibration for reporting based on the HCl CEMS response to the reference 

gas as shown in Equation 23:

Certified reference gas value

Measured value of reference gas

x Measured stack gas result

= Normalized stack gas result (Eq. 23)

Only one `above span' calibration is needed per 24-hour period.

(2) Install, operate, and maintain a CMS to monitor wet scrubber or tray tower parameters, as 

specified in paragraphs (m)(5) and (7) of this section, and dry scrubber, as specified in paragraph (m)(9) 

of this section.

Deleted: (A) 

Deleted: specification,

Deleted: B

Deleted: be of

Deleted: C

Deleted: C

Deleted: 20

Deleted: 

Formatted: Font: (Default) Arial
Page 51 of 67

(3) If the source is equipped with a wet or dry scrubber or tray tower, and you choose to monitor 

SO2 emissions, monitor SO2 emissions continuously according to the requirements of § 60.63(e) through 

(f) of part 60 subpart F of this chapter. If SO2 levels increase above the 30-day rolling average SO2

operating limit established during your performance test, you must:

(i) As soon as possible but no later than 48 hours after you exceed the established SO2 value 

conduct an inspection and take corrective action to return the SO2 emissions to within the operating limit; 

and

(ii) Within 60 days of the exceedance or at the time of the next compliance test, whichever comes 

first, conduct an HCl emissions compliance test to determine compliance with the HCl emissions limit 

and to verify or re-establish the SO2 CEMS operating limit.

(m) Parameter monitoring requirements. If you have an operating limit that requires the use of a 

CMS, you must install, operate, and maintain each continuous parameter monitoring system (CPMS) 

according to the procedures in paragraphs (m)(1) through (4) of this section by the compliance date 

specified in § 63.1351. You must also meet the applicable specific parameter monitoring requirements in 

paragraphs (m)(5) through (11) that are applicable to you.

(1) The CMS must complete a minimum of one cycle of operation for each successive 15-minute 

period. You must have a minimum of four successive cycles of operation to have a valid hour of data.

(2) You must conduct all monitoring in continuous operation at all times that the unit is operating.

(3) Determine the 1-hour block average of all recorded readings.

(4) Record the results of each inspection, calibration, and validation check.

(5) Liquid flow rate monitoring requirements. If you have an operating limit that requires the use of 

a flow measurement device, you must meet the requirements in paragraphs (m)(5)(i) through (iv) of this

section.

(i) Locate the flow sensor and other necessary equipment in a position that provides a 

representative flow.

(ii) Use a flow sensor with a measurement sensitivity of 2 percent of the flow rate.

(iii) Reduce swirling flow or abnormal velocity distributions due to upstream and downstream 

disturbances.

(iv) Conduct a flow sensor calibration check at least semiannually.

(6) Specific pressure monitoring requirements. If you have an operating limit that requires the use 

of a pressure measurement device, you must meet the requirements in paragraphs (m)(6)(i) through (vi) 

of this section.

(i) Locate the pressure sensor(s) in a position that provides a representative measurement of the 

pressure.

(ii) Minimize or eliminate pulsating pressure, vibration, and internal and external corrosion.
Page 52 of 67

(iii) Use a gauge with a minimum tolerance of 1.27 centimeters of water or a transducer with a 

minimum tolerance of 1 percent of the pressure range.

(iv) Check pressure tap pluggage daily.

(v) Using a manometer, check gauge calibration quarterly and transducer calibration monthly.

(vi) Conduct calibration checks any time the sensor exceeds the manufacturer's specified 

maximum operating pressure range or install a new pressure sensor.

(7) Specific pH monitoring requirements. If you have an operating limit that requires the use of a pH 

measurement device, you must meet the requirements in paragraphs (m)(7)(i) through (iii) of this 

section.

(i) Locate the pH sensor in a position that provides a representative measurement of wet scrubber 

or tray tower effluent pH.

(ii) Ensure the sample is properly mixed and representative of the fluid to be measured.

(iii) Check the pH meter's calibration on at least two points every 8 hours of process operation.

(8) [Reserved]

(9) Mass flow rate (for sorbent injection) monitoring requirements. If you have an operating limit 

that requires the use of equipment to monitor sorbent injection rate ( e.g., weigh belt, weigh hopper, or 

hopper flow measurement device), you must meet the requirements in paragraphs (m)(9)(i) through (iii) 

of this section. These requirements also apply to the sorbent injection equipment of a dry scrubber.

(i) Locate the device in a position(s) that provides a representative measurement of the total 

sorbent injection rate.

(ii) Install and calibrate the device in accordance with manufacturer's procedures and 

specifications.

(iii) At least annually, calibrate the device in accordance with the manufacturer's procedures and 

specifications.

(10) Bag leak detection monitoring requirements. If you elect to use a fabric filter bag leak detection 

system to comply with the requirements of this subpart, you must install, calibrate, maintain, and 

continuously operate a BLDS as specified in paragraphs (m)(10)(i) through (viii) of this section.

(i) You must install and operate a BLDS for each exhaust stack of the fabric filter.

(ii) Each BLDS must be installed, operated, calibrated, and maintained in a manner consistent with 

the manufacturer's written specifications and recommendations and in accordance with the guidance 

provided in EPA-454/R-98-015, September 1997.

(iii) The BLDS must be certified by the manufacturer to be capable of detecting PM emissions at 

concentrations of 10 or fewer milligrams per actual cubic meter.
Page 53 of 67

(iv) The BLDS sensor must provide output of relative or absolute PM loadings.

(v) The BLDS must be equipped with a device to continuously record the output signal from the 

sensor.

(vi) The BLDS must be equipped with an alarm system that will alert an operator automatically 

when an increase in relative PM emissions over a preset level is detected. The alarm must be located 

such that the alert is detected and recognized easily by an operator.

(vii) For positive pressure fabric filter systems that do not duct all compartments of cells to a 

common stack, a BLDS must be installed in each baghouse compartment or cell.

(viii) Where multiple bag leak detectors are required, the system's instrumentation and alarm may 

be shared among detectors.

(11) For each BLDS, the owner or operator must initiate procedures to determine the cause of 

every alarm within 8 hours of the alarm. The owner or operator must alleviate the cause of the alarm 

within 24 hours of the alarm by taking whatever corrective action(s) are necessary. Corrective actions 

may include, but are not limited to the following:

(i) Inspecting the fabric filter for air leaks, torn or broken bags or filter media, or any other condition 

that may cause an increase in PM emissions;

(ii) Sealing off defective bags or filter media;

(iii) Replacing defective bags or filter media or otherwise repairing the control device;

(iv) Sealing off a defective fabric filter compartment;

(v) Cleaning the BLDS probe or otherwise repairing the BLDS; or

(vi) Shutting down the process producing the PM emissions.

(n) Continuous Flow Rate Monitoring System. You must install, operate, calibrate, and maintain 

instruments, according to the requirements in paragraphs (n)(1) through (10) of this section, for 

continuously measuring and recording the stack gas flow rate to allow determination of the pollutant 

mass emissions rate to the atmosphere from sources subject to an emissions limitation that has a 

pounds per ton of clinker unit and that is required to be monitored by a CEMS.

(1) You must install each sensor of the flow rate monitoring system in a location that provides 

representative measurement of the exhaust gas flow rate at the sampling location of the mercury CEMS, 

taking into account the manufacturer's recommendations. The flow rate sensor is that portion of the 

system that senses the volumetric flow rate and generates an output proportional to that flow rate.

(2) The flow rate monitoring system must be designed to measure the exhaust flow rate over a 

range that extends from a value of at least 20 percent less than the lowest expected exhaust flow rate to 

a value of at least 20 percent greater than the highest expected exhaust flow rate.

(3) [Reserved]

Deleted: or PM 
Page 54 of 67

(4) The flow rate monitoring system must be equipped with a data acquisition and recording system 

that is capable of recording values over the entire range specified in paragraph (n)(1) of this section.

(5) The signal conditioner, wiring, power supply, and data acquisition and recording system for the 

flow rate monitoring system must be compatible with the output signal of the flow rate sensors used in 

the monitoring system.

(6) The flow rate monitoring system must be designed to complete a minimum of one cycle of 

operation for each successive 15-minute period.

(7) The flow rate sensor must have provisions to determine the daily zero and upscale calibration 

drift (CD) ( see sections 3.1 and 8.3 of Performance Specification 2 in appendix B to Part 60 of this 

chapter for a discussion of CD).

(i) Conduct the CD tests at two reference signal levels, zero (e.g., 0 to 20 percent of span) and 

upscale (e.g., 50 to 70 percent of span).

(ii) The absolute value of the difference between the flow monitor response and the reference 

signal must be equal to or less than 3 percent of the flow monitor span.

(8) You must perform an initial relative accuracy test of the flow rate monitoring system according 

to Section 8.2 of Performance Specification 6 of appendix B to part 60 of the chapter with the exceptions 

in paragraphs (n)(8)(i) and (n)(8)(ii) of this section.

(i) The relative accuracy test is to evaluate the flow rate monitoring system alone rather than a 

continuous emission rate monitoring system.

(ii) The relative accuracy of the flow rate monitoring system shall be no greater than 10 percent of 

the mean value of the reference method data.

(9) You must verify the accuracy of the flow rate monitoring system at least once per year by 

repeating the relative accuracy test specified in paragraph (n)(8).

(10) You must operate the flow rate monitoring system and record data during all periods of 

operation of the affected facility including periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction, except for 

periods of monitoring system malfunctions, repairs associated with monitoring system malfunctions, and 

required monitoring system quality assurance or quality control activities (including, as applicable, 

calibration checks and required zero and span adjustments).

(o) Alternate monitoring requirements approval. You may submit an application to the Administrator 

for approval of alternate monitoring requirements to demonstrate compliance with the emission 

standards of this subpart, subject to the provisions of paragraphs (o)(1) through (6) of this section.

(1) The Administrator will not approve averaging periods other than those specified in this section, 

unless you document, using data or information, that the longer averaging period will ensure that 

emissions do not exceed levels achieved during the performance test over any increment of time 

equivalent to the time required to conduct three runs of the performance test.

(2) If the application to use an alternate monitoring requirement is approved, you must continue to 

use the original monitoring requirement until approval is received to use another monitoring requirement.

Deleted: except for emission standards for THC, 
Page 55 of 67

(3) You must submit the application for approval of alternate monitoring requirements no later than 

the notification of performance test. The application must contain the information specified in paragraphs 

(o)(3)(i) through (iii) of this section:

(i) Data or information justifying the request, such as the technical or economic infeasibility, or the 

impracticality of using the required approach;

(ii) A description of the proposed alternative monitoring requirement, including the operating 

parameter to be monitored, the monitoring approach and technique, the averaging period for the limit, 

and how the limit is to be calculated; and

(iii) Data or information documenting that the alternative monitoring requirement would provide 

equivalent or better assurance of compliance with the relevant emission standard.

(4) The Administrator will notify you of the approval or denial of the application within 90 calendar 

days after receipt of the original request, or within 60 calendar days of the receipt of any supplementary 

information, whichever is later. The Administrator will not approve an alternate monitoring application 

unless it would provide equivalent or better assurance of compliance with the relevant emission 

standard. Before disapproving any alternate monitoring application, the Administrator will provide:

(i) Notice of the information and findings upon which the intended disapproval is based; and

(ii) Notice of opportunity for you to present additional supporting information before final action is 

taken on the application. This notice will specify how much additional time is allowed for you to provide 

additional supporting information.

(5) You are responsible for submitting any supporting information in a timely manner to enable the 

Administrator to consider the application prior to the performance test. Neither submittal of an 

application, nor the Administrator's failure to approve or disapprove the application relieves you of the 

responsibility to comply with any provision of this subpart.

(6) The Administrator may decide at any time, on a case-by-case basis that additional or alternative 

operating limits, or alternative approaches to establishing operating limits, are necessary to demonstrate 

compliance with the emission standards of this subpart.

(p) Development and submittal (upon request) of monitoring plans. If you demonstrate compliance 

with any applicable emissions limit through performance stack testing or other emissions monitoring, you 

must develop a site-specific monitoring plan according to the requirements in paragraphs (p)(1) through 

(4) of this section. This requirement also applies to you if you petition the EPA Administrator for 

alternative monitoring parameters under paragraph (o) of this section and § 63.8(f). If you use a BLDS, 

you must also meet the requirements specified in paragraph (p)(5) of this section.

(1) For each CMS required in this section, you must develop, and submit to the permitting authority 

for approval upon request, a site-specific monitoring plan that addresses paragraphs (p)(1)(i) through (iii) 

of this section. You must submit this site-specific monitoring plan, if requested, at least 30 days before 

your initial performance evaluation of your CMS.

(i) Installation of the CMS sampling probe or other interface at a measurement location relative to 

each affected process unit such that the measurement is representative of control of the exhaust 

emissions (e.g., on or downstream of the last control device);

Deleted: m
Page 56 of 67

(ii) Performance and equipment specifications for the sample interface, the pollutant concentration 

or parametric signal analyzer, and the data collection and reduction systems; and

(iii) Performance evaluation procedures and acceptance criteria (e.g., calibrations).

(2) In your site-specific monitoring plan, you must also address paragraphs (p)(2)(i) through (iii) of 

this section.

(i) Ongoing operation and maintenance procedures in accordance with the general requirements of 

§ 63.8(c)(1), (c)(3), and (c)(4)(ii);

(ii) Ongoing data quality assurance procedures in accordance with the general requirements of 

§ 63.8(d); and

(iii) Ongoing recordkeeping and reporting procedures in accordance with the general requirements 

of § 63.10(c), (e)(1), and (e)(2)(i).

(3) You must conduct a performance evaluation of each CMS in accordance with your site-specific 

monitoring plan.

(4) You must operate and maintain the CMS in continuous operation according to the site-specific 

monitoring plan.

(5) BLDS monitoring plan. Each monitoring plan must describe the items in paragraphs (p)(5)(i) 

through (v) of this section. At a minimum, you must retain records related to the site-specific monitoring 

plan and information discussed in paragraphs (m)(1) through (4), (m)(10) and (11) of this section for a 

period of 5 years, with at least the first 2 years on-site;

(i) Installation of the BLDS;

(ii) Initial and periodic adjustment of the BLDS, including how the alarm set-point will be 

established;

(iii) Operation of the BLDS, including quality assurance procedures;

(iv) How the BLDS will be maintained, including a routine maintenance schedule and spare parts 

inventory list;

(v) How the BLDS output will be recorded and stored.

[75 FR 55059, Sept. 9, 2010, as amended at 76 FR 2836, Jan. 18, 2011; 78 FR 10048, Feb. 12, 2013]

§ 63.1351 Compliance dates.

(a) The compliance date for any affected existing source subject to any rule requirements that were 

in effect before December 20, 2006, is:

(1) June 14, 2002, for sources that commenced construction before or on March 24, 1998, or

(2) June 14, 1999 or startup for sources that commenced construction after March 24, 1998.
Page 57 of 67

(b) The compliance date for any affected existing source subject to any rule requirements that 

became effective on December 20, 2006, is:

(1) December 21, 2009, for sources that commenced construction after December 2, 2005 and 

before or on December 20, 2006, or

(2) Startup for sources that commenced construction after December 20, 2006.

(c) The compliance date for existing sources for all the requirements that became effective on 

February 12, 2013, except for the open clinker pile requirements will be September 9, 2015.

(d) The compliance date for new sources is February 12, 2013, or startup, whichever is later.

(e) The compliance date for existing sources with the requirements for open clinker storage piles in 

§ 63.1343(c) is February 12, 2014.

[76 FR 2836, Jan. 18, 2011, as amended at 78 FR 10053, Feb. 12, 2013]

§ 63.1352 Additional test methods.

(a) If you are conducting tests to determine the rates of emission of HCl from kilns and associated 

bypass stacks at portland cement manufacturing facilities, for use in applicability determinations under 

§ 63.1340, you may use Method 320 or Method 321 of appendix A of this part.

(b) Owners or operators conducting tests to determine the rates of emission of specific organic 

HAP from raw material dryers, and kilns at Portland cement manufacturing facilities, solely for use in 

applicability determinations under § 63.1340 of this subpart are permitted to use Method 320 of appendix 

A to this part, or Method 18 of appendix A to part 60 of this chapter.

[75 FR 55063, Sept. 9, 2010, as amended at 78 FR 10053, Feb. 12, 2013]

Notification, Reporting and Recordkeeping

§ 63.1353 Notification requirements.

(a) The notification provisions of 40 CFR part 63, subpart A that apply and those that do not apply 

to owners and operators of affected sources subject to this subpart are listed in Table 1 of this subpart. If 

any State requires a notice that contains all of the information required in a notification listed in this 

section, the owner or operator may send the Administrator a copy of the notice sent to the State to 

satisfy the requirements of this section for that notification.

(b) Each owner or operator subject to the requirements of this subpart shall comply with the 

notification requirements in § 63.9 as follows:

(1) Initial notifications as required by § 63.9(b) through (d). For the purposes of this subpart, a Title 

V or 40 CFR part 70 permit application may be used in lieu of the initial notification required under 

§ 63.9(b), provided the same information is contained in the permit application as required by § 63.9(b), 

and the State to which the permit application has been submitted has an approved operating permit 
Page 58 of 67

program under part 70 of this chapter and has received delegation of authority from the EPA. Permit 

applications shall be submitted by the same due dates as those specified for the initial notification.

(2) Notification of performance tests, as required by §§ 63.7 and 63.9(e).

(3) Notification of opacity and visible emission observations required by § 63.1349 in accordance 

with §§ 63.6(h)(5) and 63.9(f).

(4) Notification, as required by § 63.9(g), of the date that the continuous emission monitor 

performance evaluation required by § 63.8(e) is scheduled to begin.

(5) Notification of compliance status, as required by § 63.9(h).

(6) Within 48 hours of an exceedance that triggers retesting to establish compliance and new 

operating limits, notify the appropriate permitting agency of the planned performance tests. The 

notification requirements of §§ 63.7(b) and 63.9(e) do not apply to retesting required for exceedances 

under this subpart.

[64 FR 31925, June 14, 1999, as amended at 78 FR 10053, Feb. 12, 2013]

§ 63.1354 Reporting requirements.

(a) The reporting provisions of subpart A of this part that apply and those that do not apply to 

owners or operators of affected sources subject to this subpart are listed in Table 1 of this subpart. If any 

State requires a report that contains all of the information required in a report listed in this section, the 

owner or operator may send the Administrator a copy of the report sent to the State to satisfy the 

requirements of this section for that report.

(b) The owner or operator of an affected source shall comply with the reporting requirements 

specified in § 63.10 of the general provisions of this part 63, subpart A as follows:

(1) As required by § 63.10(d)(2), the owner or operator shall report the results of performance tests 

as part of the notification of compliance status.

(2) As required by § 63.10(d)(3), the owner or operator of an affected source shall report the 

opacity results from tests required by § 63.1349.

(3) As required by § 63.10(d)(4), the owner or operator of an affected source who is required to 

submit progress reports as a condition of receiving an extension of compliance under § 63.6(i) shall 

submit such reports by the dates specified in the written extension of compliance.

(4)—(5) [Reserved]

(6) As required by § 63.10(e)(2), the owner or operator shall submit a written report of the results of 

the performance evaluation for the continuous monitoring system required by § 63.8(e). The owner or 

operator shall submit the report simultaneously with the results of the performance test.

(7) As required by § 63.10(e)(2), the owner or operator of an affected source using a continuous 

opacity monitoring system to determine opacity compliance during any performance test required under 
Page 59 of 67

§ 63.7 and described in § 63.6(d)(6) shall report the results of the continuous opacity monitoring system 

performance evaluation conducted under § 63.8(e).

(8) As required by § 63.10(e)(3), the owner or operator of an affected source equipped with a 

continuous emission monitor shall submit an excess emissions and continuous monitoring system 

performance report for any event when the continuous monitoring system data indicate the source is not 

in compliance with the applicable emission limitation or operating parameter limit.

(9) The owner or operator shall submit a summary report semiannually to the EPA via the 

Compliance and Emissions Data Reporting Interface (CEDRI). (CEDRI can be accessed through the 

EPA's Central Data Exchange (CDX) (www.epa.gov/cdx).) You must use the appropriate electronic 

report in CEDRI for this subpart. Instead of using the electronic report in CEDRI for this subpart, you 

may submit an alternate electronic file consistent with the extensible markup language (XML) schema 

listed on the CEDRI website (http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/cedri/index.html), once the XML schema is 

available. If the reporting form specific to this subpart is not available in CEDRI at the time that the report 

is due, you must submit the report the Administrator at the appropriate address listed in § 63.13. You 

must begin submitting reports via CEDRI no later than 90 days after the form becomes available in 

CEDRI. The reports must be submitted by the deadline specified in this subpart, regardless of the 

method in which the reports are submitted. 

The report must contain the information specified in §63.10(e)(3)(vi). In addition, the summary 

report shall include:

(i) All exceedances of maximum control device inlet gas temperature limits specified in 

§ 63.1346(a) and (b);

(ii) Notification of any failure to calibrate thermocouples and other temperature sensors as required 

under § 63.1350(g)(1)(iii) of this subpart; and

(iii) Notification of any failure to maintain the activated carbon injection rate, and the activated 

carbon injection carrier gas flow rate or pressure drop, as applicable, as required under § 63.1346(c)(2).

(iv) Notification of failure to conduct any combustion system component inspections conducted 

within the reporting period as required under § 63.1347(a)(3).

(v) Any and all failures to comply with any provision of the operation and maintenance plan 

developed in accordance with § 63.1347(a).

(vi) For each PM CPMS, HCl, Hg, and THC CEMS, D/F temperature monitoring system, or Hg 

sorbent trap monitoring system, within 60 days after the reporting periods, you must submit reports to 

the EPA's WebFIRE database by using the Compliance and Emissions Data Reporting Interface 

(CEDRI) that is accessed through the EPA's Central Data Exchange (CDX) ( www.epa.gov/cdx ). You 

must use the appropriate electronic reporting form in CEDRI or provide an alternate electronic file 

consistent with the EPA's reporting form output format. For each reporting period, the reports must 

include all of the calculated 30-operating day rolling average values derived from the CEMS or Hg 

sorbent trap monitoring systems.

(vii) In response to each violation of an emissions standard or established operating parameter 

limit, the date, duration and description of each violation and the specific actions taken for each violation 

including inspections, corrective actions and repeat performance tests and the results of those actions.

Deleted: The owner or operator shall submit a summary 

report semiannually which contains the information specified 

in § 63.10(e)(3)(vi). In addition, the summary report shall 

include:¶

Deleted: exceedences

Deleted: 1344

Deleted: All failures

Deleted: f)(7

Deleted: )

Deleted: All failures

Deleted: 4

Deleted: The results of 

Deleted: 1350(i).

Deleted: A

Deleted: 1350(a).
Page 60 of 67

(viii) Within 60 days after the date of completing each CEMS performance evaluation test as 

defined in §63.2, you must submit relative accuracy test audit (RATA) data to the EPA's CDX by using 

CEDRI in accordance with paragraph (9) of this section. Only RATA pollutants that can be documented 

with the ERT (as listed on the ERT Web site) are subject to this requirement. For any performance 

evaluations with no corresponding RATA pollutants listed on the ERT Web site, you must submit the 

results of the performance evaluation to the Administrator at the appropriate address listed in §63.13.

(ix) For PM performance test reports used to set a PM CPMS operating limit, the electronic 

submission of the test report must also include the make and model of the PM CPMS instrument, serial 

number of the instrument, analytical principle of the instrument (e.g. beta attenuation), span of the 

instruments primary analytical range, milliamp value equivalent to the instrument zero output, technique 

by which this zero value was determined, and the average milliamp signals corresponding to each PM 

compliance test run.

(x) All reports required by this subpart not subject to the requirements in paragraphs (b)(9) and 

(b)(9)(viii) of this section must be sent to the Administrator at the appropriate address listed in §63.13. 

The Administrator or the delegated authority may request a report in any form suitable for the specific 

case (e.g., by commonly used electronic media such as Excel spreadsheet, on CD or hard copy). The 

Administrator retains the right to require submittal of reports subject to paragraph (b)(9) and (b)(9)(viii) of 

this section in paper format.

(10) If the total continuous monitoring system downtime for any CEM or any continuous monitoring 

system (CMS) for the reporting period is ten percent or greater of the total operating time for the 

reporting period, the owner or operator shall submit an excess emissions and continuous monitoring 

system performance report along with the summary report.

(c) Reporting a failure to meet a standard due to a malfunction. For each failure to meet a standard 

or emissions limit caused by a malfunction at an affected source, you must report the failure in the semiannual compliance report required by § 63.1354(b)(9). The report must contain the date, time and 

duration, and the cause of each event (including unknown cause, if applicable), and a sum of the 

number of events in the reporting period. The report must list for each event the affected source or 

equipment, an estimate of the volume of each regulated pollutant emitted over the emission limit for 

which the source failed to meet a standard, and a description of the method used to estimate the 

emissions. The report must also include a description of actions taken by an owner or operator during a 

malfunction of an affected source to minimize emissions in accordance with § 63.1348(d), including 

actions taken to correct a malfunction.

[64 FR 31925, June 14, 1999, as amended at 75 FR 55063, Sept. 9, 2010; 78 FR 10053, Feb. 12, 2013]

§ 63.1355 Recordkeeping requirements.

(a) The owner or operator shall maintain files of all information (including all reports and 

notifications) required by this section recorded in a form suitable and readily available for inspection and 

review as required by § 63.10(b)(1). The files shall be retained for at least five years following the date of 

each occurrence, measurement, maintenance, corrective action, report, or record. At a minimum, the 

most recent two years of data shall be retained on site. The remaining three years of data may be 

retained off site. The files may be maintained on microfilm, on a computer, on floppy disks, on magnetic 

tape, or on microfiche.
Page 61 of 67

(b) The owner or operator shall maintain records for each affected source as required by 

§ 63.10(b)(2) and (b)(3) of this part; and

(1) All documentation supporting initial notifications and notifications of compliance status under 

§ 63.9;

(2) All records of applicability determination, including supporting analyses; and

(3) If the owner or operator has been granted a waiver under § 63.8(f)(6), any information 

demonstrating whether a source is meeting the requirements for a waiver of recordkeeping or reporting 

requirements.

(c) In addition to the recordkeeping requirements in paragraph (b) of this section, the owner or 

operator of an affected source equipped with a continuous monitoring system shall maintain all records 

required by § 63.10(c).

(d) You must keep annual records of the amount of CKD which is removed from the kiln system 

and either disposed of as solid waste or otherwise recycled for a beneficial use outside of the kiln 

system.

(e) You must keep records of the daily clinker production rates and kiln feed rates.

(f) You must keep records of the date, time and duration of each startup or shutdown period for any 

affected source that is subject to a standard during startup or shutdown that differs from the standard 

applicable at other times, and the quantity of feed and fuel used during the startup or shutdown period.

(g)(1) You must keep records of the date, time and duration of each malfunction that causes an 

affected source to fail to meet an applicable standard; if there was also a monitoring malfunction, the 

date, time and duration of the monitoring malfunction; the record must list the affected source or 

equipment, an estimate of the volume of each regulated pollutant emitted over the standard for which the 

source failed to meet a standard, and a description of the method used to estimate the emissions.

(2) You must keep records of actions taken during periods of malfunction to minimize emissions in 

accordance with § 63.1348(d) including corrective actions to restore malfunctioning process and air 

pollution control and monitoring equipment to its normal or usual manner of operation.

(h) For each exceedance from an emissions standard or established operating parameter limit, you 

must keep records of the date, duration and description of each exceedance and the specific actions 

taken for each exceedance including inspections, corrective actions and repeat performance tests and 

the results of those actions.

[64 FR 31925, June 14, 1999, as amended at 71 FR 76552, Dec. 20, 2006; 75 FR 55064, Sept. 9, 2010; 78 FR 

10053, Feb. 12, 2013]

Other

§ 63.1356 Sources with multiple emissions limit or monitoring requirements.
Page 62 of 67

If you have an affected source subject to this subpart with a different emissions limit or requirement for 

the same pollutant under another regulation in title 40 of this chapter, once you are in compliance with 

the most stringent emissions limit or requirement, you are not subject to the less stringent requirement. 

Until you are in compliance with the more stringent limit, the less stringent limit continues to apply.

[78 FR 10053, Feb. 12, 2013]

§ 63.1357 [Reserved]

[64 FR 31925, June 14, 1999, as amended at 67 FR 16622, Apr. 5, 2002; 78 FR 10054, Feb. 12, 2013]

§ 63.1358 Implementation and enforcement.

(a) This subpart can be implemented and enforced by the U.S. EPA, or a delegated authority such 

as the applicable State, local, or Tribal agency. If the U.S. EPA Administrator has delegated authority to 

a State, local, or Tribal agency, then that agency, in addition to the U.S. EPA, has the authority to 

implement and enforce this subpart. Contact the applicable U.S. EPA Regional Office to find out if this 

subpart is delegated to a State, local, or Tribal agency.

(b) In delegating implementation and enforcement authority of this subpart to a State, local, or 

Tribal agency under subpart E of this part, the authorities contained in paragraph (c) of this section are 

retained by the Administrator of U.S. EPA and cannot be transferred to the State, local, or Tribal agency.

(c) The authorities that cannot be delegated to State, local, or Tribal agencies are as specified in 

paragraphs (c)(1) through (4) of this section.

(1) Approval of alternatives to the requirements in §§ 63.1340, 63.1342 through 63.1348, and 

63.1351.

(2) Approval of major alternatives to test methods under § 63.7(e)(2)(ii) and (f), as defined in 

§ 63.90, and as required in this subpart.

(3) Approval of major alternatives to monitoring under § 63.8(f), as defined in § 63.90, and as 

required in this subpart.

(4) Approval of major alternatives to recordkeeping and reporting under § 63.10(f), as defined in 

§ 63.90, and as required in this subpart.

[68 FR 37359, June 23, 2003]

§ 63.1359 [Reserved]

Table 1 to Subpart LLL of Part 63—Applicability of General Provisions

Formatted: Font: (Default) Arial, 10 pt

Deleted: If an affected facility subject to this subpart has a 

different emissions limit or requirement for the same pollutant 

under another regulation in title 40 of this chapter, the owner 

or operator of the affected facility must comply with the most 

stringent emissions limit or requirement and is exempt from 

the less stringent requirement.¶

Deleted: Temporary, conditioned exemption from particulate 

matter and opacity standards.¶

(a) Subject to the limitations of paragraphs (b) through (f) of 

this section, an owner or operator conducting PM CEMS 

correlation tests (that is, correlation with manual stack 

methods) is exempt from:¶

(1) Any PM and opacity standards of part 60 or part 63 of this 

chapter that are applicable to cement kilns and clinker coolers.¶

(2) Any permit or other emissions or operating parameter or 

other limitation on workplace practices that are applicable to 

cement kilns and clinker coolers to ensure compliance with 

any PM and opacity standards of this part or part 60 of this 

chapter.¶

(b) The owner or operator must develop a PM CEMS 

correlation test plan. The plan must be submitted to the 

Administrator for approval at least 90 days before the 

correlation test is scheduled to be conducted. The plan must 

include:¶

(1) The number of test conditions and the number of runs for 

each test condition;¶

(2) The target particulate matter emission level for each test 

condition;¶

(3) How the operation of the affected source will be modified

to attain the desired particulate matter emission rate; and¶

(4) The anticipated normal particulate matter emission level.¶

(c) The Administrator will review and approve or disapprove 

the correlation test plan in accordance with § 63.7(c)(3)(i) and 

(iii). If the Administrator fails to approve or disapprove the 

correlation test plan within the time period specified in 

§ 63.7(c)(3)(iii), the plan shall be considered approved, unless 

the Administrator has requested additional information.¶

(d) The stack sampling team must be on-site and prepared to 

perform correlation testing no later than 24 hours after 

operations are modified to attain the desired particulate matter 

emissions concentrations, unless the correlation test plan 

documents that a longer period is appropriate.¶

(e) The PM and opacity standards and associated operating 

limits and conditions will not be waived for more than 96 

hours, in the aggregate, for the purposes of conducting tests 

to correlate PM CEMS with manual method test results, 

including all runs and conditions, except as described in this 

paragraph. Where additional time is required to correlate a PM 

CEMS device, a source may petition the Administrator for an 

extension of the 96-hour aggregate waiver of compliance with 

the PM and opacity standards. An extension of the 96-hour 

aggregate waiver is renewable at the discretion of the 

Administrator.¶

(f) The owner or operator must return the affected source to 

operating conditions indicative of compliance with the 

applicable particulate matter and opacity standards as soon 

as possible after correlation testing is completed.
Page 63 of 67

Citation Requirement

Applies to

subpart LLL Explanation

63.1(a)(1)-(4) Applicability Yes

63.1(a)(5) No [Reserved]

63.1(a)(6)-(8) Applicability Yes

63.1(a)(9) No [Reserved]

63.1(a)(10)-

(14)

Applicability Yes

63.1(b)(1) Initial Applicability Determination No § 63.1340 specifies applicability.

63.1(b)(2)-(3) Initial Applicability Determination Yes

63.1(c)(1) Applicability After Standard 

Established

Yes

63.1(c)(2) Permit Requirements Yes Area sources must obtain Title V 

permits.

63.1(c)(3) No [Reserved]

63.1(c)(4)-(5) Extensions, Notifications Yes.

63.1(d) No [Reserved]

63.1(e) Applicability of Permit Program Yes

63.2 Definitions Yes Additional definitions in § 63.1341.

63.3(a)-(c) Units and Abbreviations Yes

63.4(a)(1)-(3) Prohibited Activities Yes

63.4(a)(4) No [Reserved]

63.4(a)(5) Compliance date Yes

63.4(b)-(c) Circumvention, Severability Yes

63.5(a)(1)-(2) Construction/Reconstruction Yes

63.5(b)(1) Compliance Dates Yes

63.5(b)(2) No [Reserved]

63.5(b)(3)-(6) Construction Approval, 

Applicability

Yes

63.5(c) No [Reserved]

63.5(d)(1)-(4) Approval of 

Construction/Reconstruction

Yes

63.5(e) Approval of 

Construction/Reconstruction

Yes

63.5(f)(1)-(2) Approval of 

Construction/Reconstruction

Yes
Page 64 of 67

63.6(a) Compliance for Standards and 

Maintenance

Yes

63.6(b)(1)-(5) Compliance Dates Yes

63.6(b)(6) No [Reserved]

63.6(b)(7) Compliance Dates Yes

63.6(c)(1)-(2) Compliance Dates Yes

63.6(c)(3)-(4) No [Reserved]

63.6(c)(5) Compliance Dates Yes

63.6(d) No [Reserved]

63.6(e)(1)-(2) Operation & Maintenance No See§ 63.1348(d) for general duty 

requirement. Any reference to 

§ 63.6(e)(1)(i) in other General 

Provisions or in this subpart is to be 

treated as a cross-reference to 

§ 63.1348(d).

63.6(e)(3) Startup, Shutdown Malfunction 

Plan

No Your operations and maintenance 

plan must address periods of startup 

and shutdown. See § 63.1347(a)(1).

63.6(f)(1) Compliance with Emission 

Standards

No Compliance obligations specified in 

subpart LLL.

63.6(f)(2)-(3) Compliance with Emission

Standards

Yes

63.6(g)(1)-(3) Alternative Standard Yes

63.6(h)(1) Opacity/VE Standards No Compliance obligations specified in 

subpart LLL.

63.6(h)(2) Opacity/VE Standards Yes

63.6(h)(3) No [Reserved]

63.6(h)(4)-

(h)(5)(i)

Opacity/VE Standards Yes

63.6(h)(5)(ii)-

(iv)

Opacity/VE Standards No Test duration specified in subpart 

LLL.

63.6(h)(6) Opacity/VE Standards Yes

63.6(h)(7) Opacity/VE Standards Yes

63.6(i)(1)-(14) Extension of Compliance Yes

63.6(i)(15) No [Reserved]

63.6(i)(16) Extension of Compliance Yes

63.6(j) Exemption from Compliance Yes
Page 65 of 67

63.7(a)(1)-(3) Performance Testing 

Requirements

Yes § 63.1349 has specific requirements.

63.7(b) Notification period Yes Except for repeat performance test 

caused by an exceedance. See 

§ 63.1353(b)(6)

63.7(c) Quality Assurance/Test Plan Yes

63.7(d) Testing Facilities Yes

63.7(e)(1) Conduct of Tests No See§ 63.1349(e). Any reference to 

63.7(e)(1) in other General Provisions 

or in this subpart is to be treated as a 

cross-reference to § 63.1349(e).

63.7(e)(2)-(4) Conduct of tests Yes

63.7(f) Alternative Test Method Yes

63.7(g) Data Analysis Yes

63.7(h) Waiver of Tests Yes

63.8(a)(1) Monitoring Requirements Yes

63.8(a)(2) Monitoring No § 63.1350 includes CEMS 

requirements.

63.8(a)(3) No [Reserved]

63.8(a)(4) Monitoring No Flares not applicable.

63.8(b)(1)-(3) Conduct of Monitoring Yes

63.8(c)(1)-(8) CMS Operation/Maintenance Yes Temperature and activated carbon 

injection monitoring data reduction 

requirements given in subpart LLL.

63.8(d) Quality Control Yes, except for 

the reference to 

the SSM Plan in 

the last 

sentence

63.8(e) Performance Evaluation for 

CMS

Yes

63.8(f)(1)-(5) Alternative Monitoring Method Yes Additional requirements in 

§ 63.1350(l).

63.8(f)(6) Alternative to RATA Test Yes

63.8(g) Data Reduction Yes

63.9(a) Notification Requirements Yes

63.9(b)(1)-(5) Initial Notifications Yes

63.9(c) Request for Compliance 

Extension

Yes
Page 66 of 67

63.9(d) New Source Notification for 

Special Compliance 

Requirements

Yes

63.9(e) Notification of performance test Yes Except for repeat performance test 

caused by an exceedance. See 

§ 63.1353(b)(6)

63.9(f) Notification of VE/Opacity Test Yes Notification not required for 

VE/opacity test under § 63.1350(e) 

and (j).

63.9(g) Additional CMS Notifications Yes

63.9(h)(1)-(3) Notification of Compliance 

Status

Yes

63.9(h)(4) No [Reserved]

63.9(h)(5)-(6) Notification of Compliance 

Status

Yes

63.9(i) Adjustment of Deadlines Yes

63.9(j) Change in Previous Information Yes

63.10(a) Recordkeeping/Reporting Yes

63.10(b)(1) General Recordkeeping 

Requirements

Yes

63.10(b)(2)(i)-

(ii)

General Recordkeeping 

Requirements

No See§ 63.1355(g) and (h).

63.10(b)(2)(iii) General Recordkeeping 

Requirements

Yes

63.10(b)(2)(iv)-

(v)

General Recordkeeping 

Requirements

No

63.10(b)(2)(vi)-

(ix)

General Recordkeeping 

Requirements

Yes

63.10(c)(1) Additional CMS Recordkeeping Yes PS-8A supersedes requirements for

THC CEMS.

63.10(c)(1) Additional CMS Recordkeeping Yes PS-8A supersedes requirements for 

THC CEMS.

63.10(c)(2)-(4) No [Reserved]

63.10(c)(5)-(8) Additional CMS Recordkeeping Yes PS-8A supersedes requirements for 

THC CEMS.

63.10(c)(9) No [Reserved]

63.10(c)(10)-

(15)

Additional CMS Recordkeeping Yes PS-8A supersedes requirements for 

THC CEMS.

63.10(d)(1) General Reporting 

Requirements

Yes
Page 67 of 67

63.10(d)(2) Performance Test Results Yes

63.10(d)(3) Opacity or VE Observations Yes

63.10(d)(4) Progress Reports Yes

63.10(d)(5) Startup, Shutdown, Malfunction 

Reports

No See§ 63.1354(c) for reporting 

requirements. Any reference to 

§ 63.10(d)(5) in other General 

Provisions or in this subpart is to be 

treated as a cross-reference to 

§ 63.1354(c).

63.10(e)(1)-(2) Additional CMS Reports Yes

63.10(e)(3) Excess Emissions and CMS 

Performance Reports

Yes Exceedances are defined in subpart 

LLL.

63.10(f) Waiver for 

Recordkeeping/Reporting

Yes

63.11(a)-(b) Control Device Requirements No Flares not applicable.

63.12(a)-(c) State Authority and Delegations Yes

63.13(a)-(c) State/Regional Addresses Yes

63.14(a)-(b) Incorporation by Reference Yes

63.15(a)-(b) Availability of Information Yes

[75 FR 55064, Sept. 9, 2010, as amended at 78 FR 10054, Feb. 12, 2013]

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