Hawaiian Volcano Observatory

 1984 Annual Administrative Report

Introductory Note By Thomas L. Wright and Jennifer S. Nakata

Compiled By Jennifer S. Nakata

Summary 84

Seismic Data, January to December 1984

By Jennifer S. Nakata, Robert Y. Koyanagi, 

Alvin H. Tomori, and Wilfred R. Tanigawa

Chronological Summary

By Thomas L. Wright

Open-File Report 2007-1344

U.S. Department of the Interior

U.S. Geological Survey
U.S. Department of the Interior

DIRK KEMPTHORNE, Secretary

U.S. Geological Survey

Mark D. Myers, Director

U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia 2007

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INTRODUCTORY NOTE

The Hawaiian Volcano Observatory Summaries have been published in the current format since 1956. The Quarterly 

Summaries (1956 through 1973) and the Annual Summaries (1974 through 1985) were originally published as Administrative Reports. These reports have been compiled and published as U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Reports. 

The quarterly reports have been combined and published as one annual summary. All the summaries from 1956 to 

the present are now available as .pdf files at http://www.usgs.gov/pubprod.

The earthquake summary data are presented as a listing of origin time, depth, magnitude, and other location parameters. Network instrumentation, field station sites, and location algorithms are described. Tilt and other deformation 

data are included until Summary 77, January to December 1977. From 1978, the seismic and deformation data are 

published separately, due to differing schedules of data reduction. 

There are eight quarters—from the fourth quarter of 1959 to the third quarter of 1961—that were never published. 

Two of these (4th quarter 1959, 1st quarter 1960) have now been published, using handwritten notes of Jerry Eaton 

(HVO seismologist at the time) and his colleagues. The seismic records for the remaining six summaries went back to 

California in 1961 with Jerry Eaton. Other responsibilities intervened, and the seismic summaries were never prepared.

Chronology

The following Kïlauea eruption chronology covers the two recent reports and the six missing quarters:

Location Beginning Date Ending Date Comment

Kïlauea Iki crater (Kïlauea’s summit) 11/14/1959 12/20/1959 19 eruptive episodes

Kapoho (lower east rift zone) 1/13/1960 2/18/1960 4 eruption stages

Halemaumau (Kïlauea’s summit) 2/24/1961 2/24/1961 Intermittent activity during 

uninterrupted inflation following the 1960 eruption

Halemaumau (Kïlauea’s summit) 3/22/1961 3/25/1961 Same as above.

Halemaumau (Kïlauea’s summit) 7/10/1961 7/17/1961 Same as above.

Heiheiahulu (middle east rift zone) 9/22/1961 9/25/1961 First historical east rift eruption at this location

The 1959-1960 eruptions were among two of the most spectacular Kïlauea eruptions. The HVO staff was kept busy 

with acquisition of unusually high quantities of instrumental data and observations of the two sequences, which 

were separated by less than one month. Even with a year’s interval before the beginning of the summit-east rift sequence in 1961, the staff never caught up, and the seismic records were set aside for later study. 

A total of 1,672 earthquakes—1,106 for 1960 and 566 for 1961—are part of HVO’s cataloged database. The annual 

listings have been appended to the 1st Quarter Report of 1960 and to the 4th Quarter Report for 1961. The number of 

earthquakes is probably low, biased toward the larger magnitudes. The entire HVO catalog, including 1960 and 1961, 

is accessible from the ANSS CATALOG SEARCH site at http://www.ncedc.org/anss/catalog-search.

 Thomas L. Wright and Jennifer S. Nakata 
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

GEOlOGICAL SURVEY

HAWAIIAN VOLCANO OBSERVATORY

SUMMARY 84

SEISMIC DATA, JANUARY TO DECEMBER 1984

This r.port (mop) is preliminary and has not b ••n r.lli.w.d for conformity with

U.S.G.ological SUrll.y editorial standords (and stratigraphic nam.ndotur.).

Any us. 01 trade nomes is for d.scriptill. purpos.s anty and da.s not imply

.ndors.m.nt by th. U.S.G.S.

Menlo Park, California

1986
UNITED STATES

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

HAWAfiAN VOLCANO OBSERVATORY

SUMMARY 84

SEISMIC DATA, JANUARY TO DECEMBER 1984

BY

JENNIFER S. NAKATA, ROBERT Y. KOYANAGI, ALVIN H. TOMORI, WILFRED R. TAN lGAWA

CHRONOLOGICAL SUMMARY

BY

THOMAS L. WRIGHT

OBSERVATORY STAFF

GEOLOGY

TONI D. ABADIE * C. CHRISTINA HELlKER +

JOHN R. HOFFMANN +

GEORGE E. ULRICH +

THOMAS L. WRIGHT +

(SCIENTIST-IN-CHARGE)

GEOPHYSICS

CRAIG C. CRISSINGER

ROBERT W. DECKER * (SCIENTIST-IN-CHARGE)

JOHN J. DVORAK

KENNETH T. HONMA

GARY Y. HONZAKI

DALLAS B. JACKSON

GEORGE KOJIMA

ROBERT Y. KOYANAGI

ALLAN J. LARGO

JENNIFER S. NAKATA

ARNOLD T. OKAMURA

GARY S. PUNIWA!

WILFRED R. TAN lGAWA

ALVIN H. TOMORI

GEOCHEMISTRY

L. PAUL GREENLAND

REGINALD T. OKAMURA

(CHIEF OF OPERATIONS)

J. B. STOKES

SUPPORT

T. JANE DIXON

THOMAS T. ENGLISH

DOROTHY C. FOOTER

JOHN C. FORBES

J. D. GRIGGS

RONALD Y. HANATANI

MARIAN M. KAGIMOTO

MAURICE K. SAKO

PAULINE N. TAMURA

AKIRA YAMAMOTO

KENNETH M. YAMASHITA *

JOAN M. YOSHIOKA

AFFILIATES

JANE BUCHANAN-BANKS (GEOLOGIST)

NORMAN B. BANKS (GEOLOGIST)

JAMES KAUAHIKAWA (GEOPHYSICIST)

JOHN P. LOCKWOOD (GEOLOGIST)

RICHARD B. MOORE (GEOLOGIST)

CHRISTINA A. NEAL (GEOLOGIST)

MARJORIE SUMMERS

VICKI B. TAYLOR

FRANK A. TRUSDELL

EDWARD W. WOLFE (GEOLOGIST)

+ Arrived during 1984

* Left during 1984

I
CONTENTS

Introduction•...••...•••••••••••••...•..•.......•..•.....•...........•.•• 1

Chronological Summa ry. . • • • • • • . • • • . • . . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . • • • . • • • • • . • •• 2

Seismic Ins trumen ta tion ••••••••••••••••••••.••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 14

-

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Table 1

Table 2

Figure 4

Seismic Os ta

Map of Hawaii showing geographic and geologic

fea tures••.••.•...................•..............•..•• 16

Map of Hawaii showing active seismic stations.•••.•••..••. l7

Seismic teleme try scheme •••••••••••••••••.••••••....•.•.•• 18

Seismic stations on Hawaii operated by the USGS •••••••.••• 19

Seismic instrumentation types In use by Hva •••••••••.•.•.• 20

System response curve of the four basic seismograph types in use by HVO •••••••••••••••••••••••.•••.• 21

Processing •.••.•.•••••.••.••...•••••••••••••.••••••••••••••• 22

Seismic Summary •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.•••• 23

Table 3

Table 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

Figure 7

Figure 8

Figure 9

Figure 10

Figure 11

Figure 12

Figure 13

Figure 14

Figure 15

Figure 16

Figure 17

Figure 18

Figure 19

Number of earthquakes and minu tes of tremor

recorded on seismographs around Kilauea

and Mauna Loa •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.••• 23

Coordinates of named regions used for classifying

earthquakes••••••••••••••••••••••••••.•••.•••.••.••••• 32

Earthquake classification map, Kilauea, depths 0-5 km•.•.• 34

Earthquake classification map, Kilauea, depths 5-13 km •.•• 35

Earthquake classification map, Hawaii, depths 0-13 km•.••• 36

Earthquake classification map, Hawaii, depths 13-99 km••.• 37

Hawaiian Islands Earthquake Locations, depths 0-60 km.

M > 3.5 •••••••••••••..••••••••••••.••.•••••••.•.••••• 38

Hawaii Island Earthquake Loca tions, depths 0-5 km,

M > 2.0 ••.•.•.•..•..•••••••...••.••.••••••••••••••••• 39

Hawaii Island Earthquake Locations, depths 5.1-13 km,

M > 2.0••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.•..•• 40

Hawaii Island Earthquake Locations, depths 13.1-60 km,

M > 2.0 ••.•••.•.....•.•..•••••.•.•.•••••••••••••••••• 41

Kilauea-Summit Earthquake Locations, depths 0-5 km,

H > 1.0 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.•••••.••.••.• 42

Kilauea-Summit Earthquake Locations, depths 5.1-13 km,

M > 1.0 ••••••.•••.•..•.••••••.•.•..••••.•.••••.•••••. 43

Kilauea-Summit Earthquake Locations, depths 13.1-60 km,

M > 1.0 ••••••••••••••••••••••.•.•.••••••••••••••••••• 44

Kilauea-South Flank Earthquake Locations, depths 0-5 km,

M > 2.0 •••.•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 45

Kilauea-South Flank Earthquake Locations, depths 5.1-13

km, M > 2.0•••.•••••••.••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••46

Kilauea South Flank Earthquake Locations, depths 13.1-60

km, H > 2.0 ••.•.••.•••..•••••••••••••••••••••••••••.• 47

Mauna Loa Summit Earthquake Locations, depths 0-5 km,

t1 > 2.0 ••••...•••.••••••.•.••••..•••.•••••••••••••••• 48

II
Figure 20

Figure 21

Figure 22

Table 5

Table 6

Table 7

Mauna Loa Summit Earthquake Locations, depths 5.1-13 km,

M2: 2.0••.••..••••..••.•••••••.••..•••••••••••••••••• 49

Mauna Loa Summit Earthquake Locations, depths 13.1-60

km, M > 2.0•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 50

Hawaii Island Earthquake Locations, depths 0-60 km,

M >3.0•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••..•.• 51

List of all located earthquakes•••.••••••••••••••••••••••• 52

List of located earthquakes of magnitude 3.0 or

larger••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.• 80

Publication summary •••••••••••••••••••••.••••••••••••••••• 83

I I I
INTRODUCTION

The Hawaiian Volcano Observa tory (RVO) summary presents dats gathered

during the year together with a chronological narrative describing the volcanic

events and significant observatory related activities. The seismic summary is

offered without interpretation as a source of preliminary data. The seismic

summary is complete in the sense that all data routinely gathered by the observa tory are included. The emphasis in collection of til t and deforms tion da ta

has shifted from quarterly measurements at a few water-tube tilt stations

("wet" tilt) to a larger number of continuously recording borehole til tmeters,

repeated measurements at numerous spirit-level tilt stations ("dry" tilt),

and surveying of level and trilateration networks. Because of the large quantity of deformation data now gathered and differing schedules of data reduction,

the seismic and deformation summaries will be published separately.

The HVO summaries have been published in various formats since 1956.

Summaries prior to 1974 were issued quarterly, but cost, convenience of preparation and distribution, and the large quantities of data dictated an annual

format beginning with sumnary 74 for the year 1974. Summary 74 includes an

extensive description of the seismic instrumentation, calibration and processing

used in recent years. The present summary includes enough background information on the seismic network and processing to use the data and understand the

essentials of how it was gathered.

A report tabulating the instrumentation, calibration and recording history

of each seismic station in the network by Klein and Koyanagi is available as a

USGS open file report ("Hawaiian Volcano Observatory Seismic Network History

1950-79," U.S.G.S. open file report 80-302, 1980). It is designed as a reference for users of seismograms and phase da tat and so includes and expands the

information in the station tsble in this summary.

I
Chronological Summary - 1984

Events in 1984 featured a long-awaited eruption of Mauna Loa, continued monthly

activity at Kilauea's Pu'u 0'0 vent, approval and funding, after 8 years, for

construction of a new HVO facility, and changes in staff, including the arrival

of a new scientist-in-charge.

The Mauna Loa eruption, March 25-April 15, was clearly the high point of the

year. A forecast published in 1976 correctly anticipated its location (northeast rift zone between 2800 and 3000 meters altitude) but missed the time by 6

years. Another forecast published in 1983 anticipating an eruption "during the

next two years" proved correct. A summary description of the eruption is given

by Lockwood and others (1985). Table C-l summarizes significant data for the

eruption and Figure C-l, taken from Lockwood and others (1985), shows the extent

of flows. The eruption was notable for its well developed lava channel which

delivered lava very efficiently to the lower slopes of the volcano (slightly

below 1000 meters elevation) where it posed a threat to the city of Hilo (Fig.

C-l). Hilo was spared. however, by a repeated breakdown of the main channel at

an altitude of about 2000 m. This process, a natural lava diversion, was

observed and documented for the first time during this eruption. It appears

that the diversion results from "aging" of the channel whereby an initially

smooth channel surface characterized by laminar flow is increasingly disrupted

by erosion of the enclosing levees. Pieces of the levee eventually become sufficiently large and/or numerous that channel blockage results, the flow overspills the levee, and the old channel is abandoned (see Lipman and Banks, in

press). The chemistry of the Mauna Loa lavas was extremely uniform (Fig. C-2),

and similar to that erupted in 1975, both being olivine-poor and slightly

fractionated. Evidently the top of a much larger reservoir of magma was tapped.

Temperatures of the lava remained constant, consistent with the absence of

chemical change, bu t the crys tallini ty increased drama tically during the eruption, evidence that the lava was initially undercooled (Lipman and Banks, in

press). Increase in viscosity associated with higher crystallinity may also

have contributed to the aging of the lava channels (see above).

Deformation data were obtained for the first time to cover a complete deflation

of Mauna Loa. A total of over 100 rnicroradians of deflation was recorded at

one site, which occurred in response to 63 em of vertical subsidence measured

by leveling surveys. A recording tiltmeter showed 40 microradians of rapid

uplift in the hour before the outbreak, reflecting dike emplacement. Horizontal changes are also large but are complicated by a combination of expansion

of certain lines in response to dike emplacement and contraction of all lines

in response to removal of magma at depth. Modeling of the Mauna Loa inflation

and deflation showed a magma storage area located south of the caldera at a

depth of about 3 km, very similar to the geometry of the Kilauea summit magma

storage reservoir (Decker and others. 1983). This conclusion is consistent

wi th similar sizes of the summi t calderas of Kilauea and Mauna Loa, and demons tra tes tha t the magma chambers of the HawaUan shields move up wi th the growth

of the shield, retaining a constant relationship to the upper surface of the

volcano (Ryan, in press).

Kilauea, in contrast to Mauna Loa's single eruption, was in eruption 16 different times from Pu'u 0'0 on the east rift zone for an aggregate eruption length

of 15 days and an aggregate volume of 149 x 106 m3 (Table C-2; Fig. C-3; Fig.

2
C-4). The average lava production for each volcano was similar, about 107 m3

of lava per day of eruption. The chemical composition (Fig. C-2) was more

uniform than that of the first year of eruption, attesting to a more open

summit-rift connection. The Pu'u 0'0 cone grew from a height of 78 m at the

end of 1983 to 175 m at the end of 1984. The lavas spread mainly northeast

and southeast from Pu'u 0'0 and threatened, but did not destroy, buildings in

the Royal Gardens subdivision, which was hit several times by eruptions from

Pu'u 0'0 in 1983. The longest eruptive episode of 1984, episode 18, lasted 60

hours and sent a flow to within 1 km of the ocean (Fig. C-3). Three isolated

dwellings were overrun near the terminus of the flow in the vicini ty of Kapaahu.

The previous episode (7) took place during the Mauna Loa eruption. Neither

eruption had an obvious effect on the eruptive behavior of the other, or on

the shallow seismicity and summit tilt patterns associated with the two eruptions. This confirmed the essential independence of the shallow plumbing of

the two volcanoes, long inferred from the consistently different chemical composition of lavas from the two volcanoes (Fig. C-2).

Systematic gravity measurements were made on both volcanoes in 1984 (Johnson,

in press). A summit monitor at Kilauea, comparing gravity at a stable base

station with gravity at a station near the center of inflation-deflation,

demonstrates that the gravity signal is dominated by mass changes which exceed

the changes expected from uplift or subsidence alone (Johnson, in press). The

interpretation suggests that magma filling the summit reservoir is compressed

(becomes denser) as the reservoir fills and, conversely, expands (becomes less

dense) as pressure is relieved during transport to the east rift zone. Gravity

data also helps to reconcile the discrepency between horizontal and vertical

changes found in modeling the Kilauea magma reservoir. Cross-caldera horizontal changes are always larger than expected from modeling of vertical changes

and gravity data supports the idea that the summit reservoir is slowlyexpanding in the direction of the mobile south flank of the volcano. Apart from

the short term changes in gravity, the long term gravity signature at Kilauea

hints at continuing development of a Bouguer anomaly related most probably to

solidification of intrusions at depth and accumulation of excess olivine in

the lower parts of the storage complex. Gravity measurements at Mauna Loa

show a somewhat different story. Gravity changes during the large deflation

associated with the Mauna Loa eruption closely tracked the elewtion changes.

During reinfla tion, however, the gravi ty changes are small and opposi te in

size compared to those expected from the uplift. Hence, a greater volume

and/or denser magma is coming into the storage system than would be predicted

by the surface deformation measurements.

Gas geochemistry really came into its own at HVO in 1984. The first good

measurements of eruptive gases (H20, H2' C02, ro, S02, H2S, HCI, HF) at Mauna

Loa, combined with continuous moni to ring of gas composition a t Kilauea summi t

and near the eruptive site has yielded the following conclusions, documented

by Greenland (in press) and by Greenland and others (1985).

0) volatiles arriving at Kilauea summit are enriched in C02, the least soluble

component; from measurements of gas composition and emission flux at fumaroles

the content of volatiles in equilibrium with mantle-derived magma may be calculated (Table C-3).

2. Much C02 is

eruption on the

los t during

rift zone

summi t storage

is rela thely

)

and therefore magma

S02- and H20-rich

available for

(Table C-3),
3. Residual gaaes left in the lava are dominated by H20, the most soluble

constituent (Table C-3).

4. H20 content of analyzed eruptive gases varies widely, partly due to contamination by meteoric water, but also by disequilibrium exsolution accompanying magma transfer (1. e. the exsolution of gases by vesicula tion and diffusive transfer is too slow to keep pace wi th decreasing pressure accompanying

rapid rise rates of magma in the eruptive conduit). CO2 and S02 contents, however, maintain equilibrium at rapidly decreasing pressures and H20 contents

can be adjusted consistent with this.

5. Gases associated with the Mauna Loa eruption were depleted in C02, much

like the Kilauea rift eruption. This is consistent with the magma chemistry

which suggests eruption of the top of a large body of stored magma. It remains

to be seen whether a C02-rich component can be seen during the reinflation

of Mauna Loa. Mauna Loa gases differ from Kilauea in their halogen (FjCI)

content and ratio, matching subtle differences in the residual halogen contents

of Kilauea and Mauna Loa rocks.

The mass of vola tiles released by Kilauea magma. is measured by COSPEC and can

be correlated with magma supply rates. There was a step increase in total

volatile mass at the onset of the present Kilauea eruption which agrees with

estimates of increased magma supply relative to earlier periods (eg. 1969-1974

Mauna Ulu eruption).

Plans for a new HVO facili ty became reali ty in 1984 when Congress passed a bill

that included a supplemental appropriation of $5,000,000 for the National Park

Service construction budget. The plans covered by the budget include 3 stages

(1) construction of a new HVO buildingj (2) renovation of the existing geochemistry wing for HVO use, and (3) renovation of the library-office wing for Park

Service use as an on-site interpretation facility. When finished in 1986,

this will fulfill much of the original vision of Thomas A. Jagger, including

integration of RVO monitoring and Park Service interpretation.

Changes in staff occurred, including the arrival of a new scientist-in-charge.

Bob Decker's going away party was noteworthy as Mauna Loa erupted barely an

hour after the party. Tom Wright arrived to take his place about a week before

the end of the eruption. Other staff changes are summarized below.

Leavings Arrivings

Name Posi tiOD Going To Name Posi tion Arrived From

Toni Duggan Geology Gradua te School Chris tina

Ken Heliker Geology eva

Yamashi ta Deforms tion eva George Ulrich Geology Flags taff

Ed Wolfe Geology Big Island Map John Hoffmann Geology NAGTI

Project Program

Tina Neal Geology Big Island Map

Project

lNational Association of Geology Teachers Program: one year extension October 1,

1984 - September 30, 1985.

4
Student help in 1984 included the following:

John Hoffmann]

Jim Hutton 1 - National Association of Geology Teachers

Teresa Atwill J

Bill Chadwick) - Graduate Students University of California at Santa Barbara

Pauline Tamura]

Joan Yoshioka ] - Federal Junior Fellows

Sandra Zane ]

Brian Moniz ]

Keone Ah Chong J

Kaipo Ah Chong )

Kent Kikuchi 1

Charlotte Forbes]

Terry Ignacio ] - Minority Program in the Earth Sciences

Shyanne Nelson]

Tom Tioaquin 1 - Alu Like (Native American Program)

Many of the staff took a technical writing course, offerred by Shipley Associates. As a result, we have more persons helping prepare the monthly reports

than before. George Kojima and Bob Koyanagi went to Indonesia in August 1984

to evaluate the radio-telemetered seismic network at Merapi Volcano Observatory. This is part of a long term collaboration between the U. S. Geological

Survey and the Indonesian government. They were successful in continuing to

train Indonesian volcanologists in the use of modern seismic instrumentation

and interpretation of Indonesian seismicity.

All in all, 1984 was a productive year for HVO. The challenge of studying

eruptions accessible only by helicopter was met with fiscal help in the form of

a supplemental appropriation from Congress and, during the Mauna Loa eruption,

with observing and monitoring help from HVO alumni and other visiting USGS

scientists.

5
Table C-l. Summary data, 1984 eruption of Mauna Loa l

Duration: March 25, 1984 - April 15, 1984

Area covered: 48 km2

VOlume 2: .22 km3

Eruption rate (March 26-April 7): 10 x 106a3/day

Channel velocity (April 2-April 7, 8200' elevation): 19 km/hr

Temperature (maximum reliable readings): 1140 + 50 C

lData from Lockwood et. al. (1985); Lipman and Banks (in press)

2Not corrected for vesicularity.

6
TMle 1;-2.

SI\QI ,,,,1 EPISODE EPISODE EPISODE EPISODE DAYS EPISODE DE FLAT [IE PLAT llEFLAT DEFLAT DEFLAT DEFLAT DEFLAT DEfLAT 

EPISODE START "" START SURT '" "" REPOSE LENGTH LENGTH SURt START START '" '" '" LENGTH 

DATE DATE M/DA/YR HOUR HI1IDAIYR HOUR PRIOll HOURS HOURS HIDA/YR """ IO.ASH MloAln HOUR Ill.ASH HOUKS 

------- ----- ---- -----_.- ------- -------- ------ -_.._-- ----- ------- ------- ------ ------ -------- ---.-- ------ ------ 

n '" '" 1120184 11: 24 1122184 II :23 50 " " 1/2U/84 21 :00 331.50 1122184 16:00 320.40 " 

..

'" '" IfJO/84 17: 45 1131184 13:18 • 19 ,. 1130/84 19:00 326.56 1131184 19:00 316.65 ,. 

" '" '" 2114184 19:40 2115184 15:01 14 19 .. 2114/84 01:00 323.70 2115/84 21:00 312.10 .. 

14

'" '" 3103/84 U:50 3104184 22: 31 " " 33 3fJ/84 16:00 322.57 3105184 01 :00 307.80 33 

" m '" 3130184 04:48 3131184 03:24 " " 51 3129/84 04:00 317.32 3131184 07:00 306.83 51 

" m m 4/18184 18:00 4121184 05,3) " " 67.5 4118/84 10,00 32l.46 4121184 05:36 301.95 67.5 

19 500 502 5116/84 05:00 5/18184 00:50

" .. 51 5115/84 05,00 314.66 5/17/84 08,00 308.92 51 

" '" m 6107/84 21:04 6/08/84 06: 25 20 , 29 6/07/84 11:00 318.12 6/08184 16:00 307.80 29 

" '" '" 6130184 10:28 6fJOl84 18:27 22 , " 6129/84 12:00 Jl5.36 7101184 03:00 306.01 39 

22 m ,,. 7108/84 19:30 7/09/84 10: 17 • 15 " 1108184 12:00 311.90 7/09/84 16:00 298.83 " 

" 573 ,,. 7128/84 12:00 7129184 05:40 19 " " 7/28/84 10: 30 1I I. 50 7129/84 10:30 298.57 " 

,. '" '" 8119184 21: 52 8120184 17:25 21 20 22 8119184 22:00 309.08 8120184 20:00 294.80 22 

" '26 an 9/19/84 16:04 9120/84 05: 32 JO 13.5 19 9119184 14:00 311,30 9/20/84 09:00 296.40 19 

26 810 810 1112184 11:40 1112184 16:36

" , " U12184 tt :00 313.12 11/03/84 03:30 305.57 16 

" ". ". 11120/84 00:05 11120184 10:06 " 10 15.5 11120184 00:36 313.32 11120184 16:00 301.05 15.5 

" 3" 3" 1213184 19:05 1214184 09:41 n 14.5 19 1213184 19:04 310.70 12104/84 13: 30 294.80 19 

"" VOLUIIE .m '" 502 RATE TREIlOR ".. ".. ".. TR.ST. ra.ENO EPISODE SQ Kl. I'IlLL. 1000 cu THICK EIlISS. 1000 CU I'ITRS STAllT START "" '" ''''

. CU.I'ITRS HTRSIHR

''''

"''' TONS/HR PER HICRORAD H./oll/n "" HIDIIIYR "" OAT!: DIITE

------- ---- ------- ------- ----- ------- ---------- ----- ---- ------- ----- ----- ----

13 2.' 10 238 l.00 " 901 1/20184 14:00 1122184 11: 19 '83 38'

14 2.1 • '16 2.95 )490 60' 1/30184 18: 10 1/31/84 13: 19 393 '"

" 2.2 , '" 3.64 1100 .90 2/14184 19:46 2115184 15:01 ". 60' 16 '.2 12 '" 3.72 '50 .., 3103184 14:35 3104/84 22:29 '" '"

" '.0 10 '" l.20 )l80 953 3/30184 05: 10 llJll84 03: 16 '" ". " ,.. " 600 3.88 " 1230 4118184 14,00 4121/84 05:35 m m

19 I.' 2 " 1.63 " '" 5116184 08: 16 5117184 18:00 '00

20 L6 , ... 2.56

'"

" '" 6107184 21: 20 6108/84 06: 27 '" m

" 1.92 ", '" 2.97 1200 .10 6fJul84 10: 28 6fJOl84 18: 27

22 2.69 '.3 513 2.86 '" '" " '" 7108/84 18,59 7109/84 10: 17 m '"

" 3.28 ,., '" 2.90 " m 7128184 11:58 7/29184 05:43 573 '"

,. l.73 11.6 ,,, 3.11 " .., 81191811 21 :25 8120/84 17:21 '" 59.

" 3.n ll. I '" l.33 " ,,, 9119184 15,30 9120184 05: 32 '" '"

" 1.64 ••• 1320 4.02 "' '" 11102/8 11 ,40 11102184 16,34 '" '"

" 2.30 ••• ." 3.65 " '" 11/20/8 00:05 11120184 10:08 ". ". " 3.62 12.4 ass 3.43 l30Q 3" 12/01/8 19:05 12104/84 09,41 "I ,,,

loa)'••tnee J.nuary 2, 1983
Table C-3. H20-C02-S budge t in Kilauea magma

H2O (wt. %) CO2 (wt. %) S (wt. %)

Magma arriving from mantle .32 .32 .09

Magma after storage and

before eruption .28 .03 .08

Residual vola tiles in erupted

magma .OS <.01 .02

8
5

KILOMETERS

o

../

....

....-.

Figure C-l, Distribution of lava flows, 1984 eruption of Mauna Loa volcano (from

Lockwood and others, 1985, Fig. 5).

'55''''' , . ;' ) 

\9045'1 " •.••.• ../ ;," . 

' "

.... «.... 

'''.''.:P'' 7 

I"X _....-r -, ... 

,-

'" ••- <' ---, '----....:,.-

! -'·-":.-. .vaddle Road "";. : 

: " ---'\- -----''" iO " 

•...•.' '..:.. \-<) Flow 'L'>" "r . ...

.-rO............. ... \ 1A 

.

""'" '. \r" , . ....

'.'. Flow \

..... 18 - :"

...... Flow 1 \" •...., \

. :

'..\ -pr:r·......··..·............... J. ,i

..·}:PUU ULAULA / \\ I EXPL

/ "'.... :

.... ....../ § I 

S.,p9 ;":' "" ""III E

':' ..../ >.. -2tXXJ- E

.. i... ..1

19025'

'"
0.'

D.'

P205 F_im1

0.2

0.1

3.0

10. S (~O

h~~~~~~~~,..,...f9. 5

:t-'-~~~~~~~~'tI2. 0

,.5

11.0 'FED'

1102

2.0 IIIlr

3 h~~~~~~~~,..,...flo. 0

:l-'~~~~~~~LJ-.u.-'-t 15.0

1.5

0.7

D.'

0.5

K20

o. ,

D.'

0.,

'.0

".0 AL203

52.0

5102

NA20 2.5

,.0

•

3

7

MGO

51.0

h~~c-n~~"..~c-nrfso.0

6 8 7 6

MGO

Figure C-2. MgO variation diagrams showing contrasting chemistry of Kilauea

(left-hand group) and Mauna Loa (right-hand group) during 1984. Mauna Loa

group shows similarity ofl984 (letters A-H) and 1975 (numerals 0-7) compositiODS. The spread of Kilauea data 1s due principally to differences in olivine

content of different eruptive episodes.

10
o

N.

1

Pacific

J

. . ",}.

, Royal Gardens •

\ \

3 0

.,

'

D _ ::., .-- \ ,

::I

\,&('\1.

13-28

1 - 1 2

Contact

Eruptive fissure

Cinder/spa Iter cone

19S04 flowe. episodes

1983 flowe, episodes

Pre-1983 bell8lt

• Pre-1983 cone

-H-

•

IZ!Zl

o

o

Pu'u

/

,

i

...

.. < ·A·--" .... I·V·

," } NSP8U "

,

...

" Crater

Figure C-3. Distribution of lava flows erupted from Pu'u 0'0 In 
19811 SUMMr:1RY KILr:1UEr:1

1984 FE8 JUN JUL SEP OCT 

I ,

SO

on 40 -1 13 I 8 ERUPTIVE EPISODE 23 

0 ...... - -.. -

<r 3D '"

0 20

'"

u 10

- 0

>: smo

'" 400

300 z

=> 200 D

U 100

3000

'"

N w 2000

r

- 1000

<r

0

30

>:

=> 20 • I LRVR VOLUME

u

j 10

-

>: 0

1

, , I , I , I , I , I

x B

MGO CONTENT

{ • • 'J 

'" , I • • • • 

• t •

7

I , , I I I I , , I , , I , , I , , I , , I , , I , , I , , 

1984 FE8 RPR JUN JUL SEP OCT 

Figure C-4. Summary of selected geologic, geodetic. and seismic data associated

with Kilauea eruptive episodes In 1984.
Chronology References

Decker, R.W., Koyanagi, R.Y., Dvorak, J.J., Lockwood, J.P., Okamura, A.T.,

Yamashita, K.M., and Tanigawa, W.R., 1983, Seismicity and surface

deformation of Mauna Loa volcano, Hawaii: £OS, v. 64, p. 545-547.

Greenland, L.P., 1986, Composition of eruptive gases from Mauna Loa volcano,

Hawaii: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1350.

Greenland, L.P., Rose, \.1.1., and Stokes, J.B., 1985, An estimate

siona and magmatic gas content from Kilauea volcano:

Cosmochim. Acta, v. 49, p. 125-129.

of gas emisGeochimi. et

Johnson, D.J., 1986, Elastic and inelastic magma storage in Kilauea volcano,

Hawaii: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1350.

Lipman, P.W., and Banks, N.G., 1986, A'a flow dynamics, Mauna Loa, 1984: U.S.

Geological Survey Professional Paper 1350.

Lockwood, J.P., Banks, N.G., English, T.T., Greenland, L.P., Jackson, D.B.,

Johnson, D.J., Koyanagi, R.Y., Okamura, A.T., and Rhodes, J.M., 1985,

The 1984 eruption of Mauna Loa volcano, Hawaii: EOS, v. 66, p. 169-

171.

Ryan, M., 1986, The elasticity and expansivity of Hawaiian olivine tholeiite

and its role in the stabUi ty and structural evolution of intrashield magma reservoirs and rift systems: (I) Emperiments to 1223K;

(II) Mixing models for computation; and (III) The pressure dependence

of contractancy: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1350.

13
SEISMIC INSTRUMENTATION

The network. The Hawaiian Volcano Observatory maintains an extensive

telemetering seismometer network on the island of Hawaii. In 1984 the seismometer network consisted of 50 stations; two are low-gain multicomponent

stations (op tical), twelve are three-componen t, and 36 are vertical only. The

coverage is most complete on and around Kilauea Volcano. With the exception of

self-contained systems at Uwekahuna and H110 stations, all seismometer signals

from the short period network are telemetered to the observatory for recording.

Figure 1 is a map of selected geographic and geologic features, Figure 2

shows the seismic stations which were operated on the Island of Hawaii during

the year, and Figure 3 indica tes the teleme try scheme for the respective seismic

stations. Table 1 lists all seismic stations operated by the U.S. Geological

Survey in Hawaii during 1984. Listed are names, three- and four-letter codes,

coordinates in degrees and minutes, elevation in meters, and other data as described below pertaining to each station. In addition to seismometers listed in

Table 1, a horizontal seismometer of Type 3 and a long-period, three-component

set of Press-Ewing seismometers are operated in the Uwekahuna vault, all recorded on photographic paper.

Instrumentation and recordin Each telemetered station has a voltage

controlled oscillator VCO for FM multiplex transmission to HVO via either

hardwire or radio. These telemetering stations are now all of Type 1, the OEVE

standard system used in USGS seismic networks (see Table 2 for details). After

discrimination at the receiver, the analog signals from 36 stations are recorded on two Develocorders using 16mm microfilm. FM signals from the telemetering

network are also recorded directly on one-inch magnetic tape. Selected larger

events are copied onto condensed FM library tapes which are currently archived

in Menlo Park and archived in digi tal form at HVO as part of the rou tine location processing. The type of recording used for each station (in addition to

magnetic tape for the telemetered stations) is coded in Table 1 as follows: DDevelocorder film, S - smoked paper drum, P - photographic paper, H - Helicorder

paper.

In addition to the standard stationa, optical drum seismographs are maintained at Uwekahuna (HVO), H110, Maui, and on Oahu (Honolulu station operated

by the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center). The less sensitive optical records

are used primarily for amplitude measurements for magnitude calculations to

supplement readings from the high-gain stations. The paper records as well as

the 16mm Develocorder microfilm are archived at HVO.

In late August, 1982, Rex Allen and Jim Ellis from the U.S. Geological

Survey's Office of Earthquake Studies came to Hva to install their seismic

monitoring system uniquely designed to automate picking of P-phase onset times,

measuring coda lengths, and determinining preliminary epicenters for adequately

recorded earthquakes. The Hawaii picker is configured to monitor a maximum of

80 stations, but is curren tly wired to 45 stations. Attached to the picker are

a Datasouth Printer and an Apple II microcomputer. The picker output is logged

on a disk and printed out on chart paper within three minutes after the earthquake occurs. The data collected on disk is tranferred to the Eclipse, the

main computer system, on a daily basis using a second Apple II. The earthquake records are filtered and run through our standard location program

(HYPOINVERSE). Summary listings and epicenter plots are prepared on chart

14
paper, and the phase data are archived on tape. The picker output is routinely

compared wi th readings from our standard forma t.

Seismograph response and calibration. Displacement response curves for

the four short-period seismograph types in use are given in Figure 4. Types

three and four are electro-mechanical systems recorded on paper records. The

Type 1 curve gives the displacement magnification of the standard QEVE system

from ground motion at the seismometer to the seismic trace as seen on a 20x

Develocorder fUm viewer. The curves plot the uni t response which should be

multiplied by a constant but known factor (CAL, Table 1) to get the response

for an individual station. Individual CAL factors for Type 1 seismographs are

equal to the peak-to-peak ampli tude measured in mm on the 20X Develocorder

viewer of a 10 microvolt 5 Hz signal introduced to the preamp/Vro in place of

the geophone. Calibration is normally done each time a station is visited.

CAL factors range from about I to 8, averaging about 4. A detailed history of

CAL factors and other da ta is given in F.W. Klein and R. Y. Koyanagi, Hawaiian

Volcano Observa tory Seismic Ne twork History 1950-79, U.S. Geological Survey

Open File Report 80-302, 1980.

15
".

h~ ..-• •

' .....\00

P.ll•• Polo'

K.......

I!>6'

".-t-----=:::::O~=::::::::L~~j

'O'l~~f]~~""~ ~.~~.~w~~~:.o~r=: "w.,... ' ••,loo ....~~.:l..~~:l.._-'so k.

,,-...

>C.

1!>6' I!>!>'

Figure 1. Hap of the isl settlements and of Hawaii logic fe t and selected showing principal a urea. geographic and geo16
•

200

•

•

• •

•

• • •

• • • • tz • •

• • .~ ,\>'

•

• • •• •

• •

•

• •

• • •

190

o 20 KH

•

II" 1I111! IIIII! IIIII

1560 1550

Figure 2. Hap of the island of Hawa!i showing seismic

stations operational dUring 1984.

17
20·

19·

o 20 KH

1"" II! " I. "'"'"I

1560 15 •

Figure J. Map of the island of Hawaii showing the telemetry scheme for the

Hawaiian Volcano Observatory seismic network.

Legend 11 Se1smome ter laea tiOD

o Repea ter Sta tion

18
Table I. Seismome ter stations in Hawaii operated by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1984.

STATION NAME CODE -. LAT-·- .. ·LON· -- ELEV DELAY DELAY CAL SEIS OPTIC

0 M 0 M ( M( 1 2 TYPE RECORD

..... -... _----_._-----_ ... ---------_._-_ ...... -_._-----------_._--_ ...... _--

AHUA AHU Z 19 22 .40 155 15.90 1070 ·0.10 ·0.13 2.1 E4 SO

AHUA AHUE E 19 22.40 155 15.90 1070 ·0.10 - 0.13 1.0 EO

AHUA AHUN N 19 22.40 155 15.90 1070 ·0.10 - 0.13 1.0 E'

AINAPO AIN Z 19 22.50 155 27.62 1524 o. 13 0.17 5.5 L4 0

AINAPO AINE E 19 22.50 155 27.62 1524 0.13 0.17 1.0 L4

AINAPO AINN N 19 22.50 155 27.62 1524 0.13 0.17 1.0 L4

CAPTAIN COOK CAC Z 19 29.29 155 55.09 323 0.00 -0.16 1.1 L4 0

CONE PEAK CPK Z 19 23.70 155 19.70 1038 -0.26 -0.07 6.0 L4

DANDELION DAN Z 19 21 .42 155 40.04 3003 ·0.27 0.03 7.0 L4 0

DESERT DES Z 19 20.20 155 23.30 615 -0.29 -0.13 3.0 E4 SO

ESCAPE ROAD ESR Z 19 24.68 155 14.33 1177 -0.17 - 0 .19 2.2 L4 0

HAWAY IAN BEACHES HAB Z 19 31.89 154 53.89 92 -0.09 ·0.24 1.0 L4

HALEAKALA, MAUl HAE E 20 46.00 156 15.00 2090 0.00 0.00 1.0 w P

HALEAKALA, MAUl HAL Z 20 46.00 156 15.00 2090 0.00 0.00 0.7 HI P

HALEAKALA, MAUl HAN N 20 46_00 156 15.00 2090 0.00 0.00 1.0 w P

HILO HIE E 19 43.20 155 5.30 20 0.54 o. 30 1.0 w P

HILO H1L Z 19 43.20 155 5.30 20 0.54 O. 30 1.0 HI P

HILO HIN N 19 43.20 155 5.30 20 0.54 0.30 1.0 w P

HI LINA PALl HLP Z 19 17.96 155 18 .63 707 0.02 0.07 2.6 L4 0

HONOLULU, OAHU HON Z 21 19.30 lsa 0.50 2 0.00 0.00 0.0 HI P

HALE POHAKU HPU Z 19 46.85 155 27.50 3396 0.31 0.17 J . 3 L4 0

HUMUULA SHEEP ST HSS Z 19 36.31 155 29.13 2445 0.20 0.35 5.3 L4 a

HUMUULA SHEEP STHSSE E 19 36.31 155 29.13 2445 0.20 0.35 1.0 L

HUMUULA SHEEP STHSSN N 19 36.31 155 29.13 2445 0.20 O. 35 1.0 L

HOT CAVES HTC Z 19 14.33 155 24.02 361 - 0.16 -0.07 0.0 E4

HUALALAI HUA Z 19 41.25 155 50.32 2189 0.67 0.38 3.0 L4 0

HEIHEIAHULU HUL Z 19 25.13 154 58.72 36' ·0.17 ·0.16 1.6 E4 OS

HEIHEIAHULU HULE E 19 25.13 154 58.72 369 ·0.17 -0.16 1.0 E4

HEIHEIAHULU HULN N 19 25.13 154 58.72 36' -0.17 -0.16 1.0 L4

KAAPUNA KAA Z 19 15.98 155 52.28 524 -0.12 ·0.01 J . 5 L4 0

KAENA POINT KAE Z 19 17.35 155 7.95 37 -0.01 0.06 1.4 L4 0

KAHAUALEA KAH Z 19 24.58 155 4.36 625 -0.25 - 0.30 0.0 L4 ON

KAOIKI fAULTS KFA Z 19 25.26 155 25.14 1579 0.13 0.17 0.0 E

KAHUKU KHU Z 19 14 .90 155 37 .10 1939 0.03 - 0.03 2.7 E4 0

KANEKII KII Z 19 30.56 155 45.90 1841 0.15 0.37 2.' L4 0

KANEKII KIIE E

" 30.56 155 45.90 1841 0.15 0.37 1.0 L

KANEKII KIlN N 19 30.56 155 45.90 1841 o. 15 0.37 1.0 L

KEANAKOLU KKU Z 19 53.39 155 20.58 1863 0.68 0.24 3.3 L' 0

PUU KALIU KLU Z 19 27 .48 154 55.26 271 -0.17 - 0.30 2. , L4 0

KAMOAMOA KMM Z 19 23.47 155 6.98 750 - 0 _25 ·0.30 2 .• L4 011

KAMOAMOA EAST·WEKMME E

" 23.47 155 6.98 750 -0.25 -0.30 1.0 L4

KAMOAMOA NORTH·SKMMN N 19 23.47 155 6.98 750 - 0.25 ·0.30 1.0 L4

KOHALA KoH Z 20 7.69 155 46.77 1166 -0.03 -0.17 1.5 L' 0

KOHALA KOHE E 20 7.69 155 46.77 1166 -0.03 - 0.17 2.2 L4

KOHALA KOHN N 20 7.69 155 46.77 1166 -0.03 ·0.17 2.2 L4

KIPUKA NENE KPN Z 19 20. 10 155 17.40 924 - 0.11 - 0.08 3.5 E4 0

KAPOHO KPo Z 19 30.02 IS' 50.51 134 - 0.09 ·0.24 2.5 L4 0

MAUNA LOA MLO Z 19 29.80 155 23.30 2010 0.03 0.08 5.8 L4 SO

MAUNA LOA MLOE E 19 29.80 155 23.30 2010 0.03 0.08 0.0 L4

MAUNA LOA MLON N 19 29.80 155 23.30 2010 0.03 0.08 1.5 L'

MAUNA LOA X MLX Z 19 27.60 155 20.70 1475 0.06 0.15 3.0 L'

MOKUAWEOWEO MoK Z 19 29.28 155 35.98 4104 o. 15 0.16 5.5 L' 0

MAKAOPUHI MPR Z 19 22.07 155 9.85 861 -0.17 ·0.20 4 . 2 L' 0

MOUNTAIN VIEW MTV Z 19 30.25 155 3.75 409 ·0.02 0.01 5.0 E4 0

NATIONAL GUARD NAG Z 19 42.12 155 1 .72 18 0.54 O. 30 3.2 E4 0

NORTH PIT NPT Z 19 24.90 155 17.00 1115 -0.30 - O. 18 3.0 E' SO

NORTH PIT NPTE E 19 24.90 155 17.00 1115 -0.30 - O. 18 0.0 E4

NORTH PIT NPTN N 19 24.90 155 17.00 1115 ·0.30 ·0.18 0.0 E4

OUTLET oTL z 19 23.38 155 16.94 1038 - 0.19 ·0.18 .., L4

19
Table 1 (continued)

PAUAHI PAU Z 19 22.62 155 13.10 99' -0.21 -0.24 2. , L' so

PAUAHI PAUE E 19 22.62 155 13.10 99' ·0.21 - 0.24 0.0 L'

PAUAHI PAUN N 19 22.62 155 13.10 99' ·0.21 ·0. " 0.0 L'

PUll ULAULA PLA Z 19 32.00 155 27.67 2992 -0.03 0.13 5.' L 0

POHOIKI POI Z 19 27.42 15' 51. 22 16 ·0.09 - 0.24 0.0 L'

POLIOKEAWE PALl POL Z 19 17.02 155 13. 47 169 ·0.02 0.03 2.8 E' 0

PUU PI LI PPL Z 19 9.50 155 27.87 35 ·0.15 - 0 • 15 1.7 E' 0

RIM RIM Z 19 23.90 155 16.60 1128 ·0.21 ·0.13 0.0 L'

SOUTH POINT SPT Z 18 58.91 155 39.92 ", -0.17 · 0.22 2.8 L' 0

SOUTH POINT SPTE E 18 58.91 155 39.92 ", -0.17 · 0.22 0.0 L'

SOUTH POINT SPTN N 18 58.91 155 39.92 ", . 0.17 · 0.22 0.0 L'

SOUTHWEST RIFT SWR Z 19 27.26 155 36.30 4048 0.01 0.0' 5.6 E' 0

TRAIL TRA Z 19 ".91 155 32.96 3207 0.00 0.00 0.0 L'

lTWEKAHUNA UEE E 19 25.'0 155 17.60 1240 -0.21 0.00 2.0 E P

UWEKAHUNA UEN N 19 25.'0 155 17.60 1240 -0.21 0.00 2.0 E P

UWEKAHUNA UEZ Z 19 25.40 155 17.60 '''0 ·0.21 0.00 2.0 E P

WAlK!I WAI Z 19 51. 58 155 39.60 1433 0.20 0.35 0.0 L'

WAHAULA WHA Z 19 19.90 155 2.92 29 ·0.10 ·0.0' 1.5 E' 0

WILKES CAMP WIL Z 19 28.15 155 35.02 '037 0.22 0.17 2.6 E' 0

WILKES CAMP EASTWILE E 19 28.15 155 35.02 4037 0.22 0.17 0.0 L

WILKES CAMP NORTWILN N 19 28.15 155 35.02 4037 0.22 0.17 0.0 L

WEATHER OBSERVAT WOB Z 19 32.31 155 35.01 3396 0.00 0.00 0.0 E'

WOOD VALLEY WOO Z 19 15.08 155 30.12 909 ·0. 15 ·0.06 , .6 E'

Table 2. Seismic Instrumentation Types

The codes in parentheses refer to the seismometer types listed in Table 1.

Type 1. (Codes E, L, and 4) Consists of:

a) Geophone - Electrotech EV-17 (E) or Mark Products L4C (L) 1.0 sec.

period moving magne t vertical componen t seismome ter or

horizontal component adjusted for an output of 0.5 volts/

cm/sec. and 0.8 critically damped.

b) Preamp/Veo - USGS/OEVE Model J302 or J402 (4) voltage controlled oscilIa tor. Three db points for bandpass filter at 0.1 Hz and

30 Hz. Signals are transmitted on audio FM carrier over

cable or FM radio link to HVO.

Type 3. (Code HI) Consists of:

Electrotech EV-17 or observatory-built 0.8 sec. period moving coil seismometer with HVO-built solid state seismic preamplifier, galvanometer driver,

and 2 Hz galvanometer. Peak magnification approximately 40,000 at 4 Hz.

Type 4. (Code S) Consists of:

Sprengnether short period vertical and horizontal seismometers (E-W) with

1.5 sec. galvanometers, coupling factor = 0.25, 2X critically damped. Peak

magnification approximately 1500X at 2 Hz.

Type 2 instruments have been discontinued.

Code (W) is a Wood-Anderson torsion seismograph.

Code (MW) is a horizontal component seismograph based on a Type 1 system

modified to a Wood-Anderson response.

Codes (TE) and (S5) are experimental seismometers.

20
10 5 2

Period

1 0.5

( sec)

0.2 0.1 0.05 0.02 0.01

10'

co /.

-

"

0

I " - " 0

<.> 10' I

" - I " Type co 3 '"

0 I

::0 I ."..,-.-._._.-.-

I ". Wood - Anderson

10' I ~: ........" " ..·l "

1 , ......... I

I .. ,

,

,

" Ty pe 4 I::

,

, ,

10 2 :/

0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000

Frequency ( Hz )

Figure 4. System response curves for the Wood-Anderson torsion seismograph and

for the 3 different types of seismometers in use by the HawaUan

Volcano Observatory. Types 3 and 4 are electro-mechanical seismographs recorded optically on photographic paper. Type 1 is the

standard OEVE seismometer recorded on Develocorder film and magnetic

tape. The curve for Type 1 includes response of the geophone, all

electronics including telemetry, Develocorder galvanometer, and projection of film by a 20X viewer. The curves plot the unit response

which should be multiplied by a constant but known factor (CAL), to

get the reponse for an individual station.

Zl
SEISMIC DATA PROCESSING

Develocorder fllms are scanned on a daily basis for earthquakes, and coda

dura tions are measured for magn! tude de term!na tion. Even ts are digi tized,

timed, and located on the Eclipse computer at HVO. Computer locations are

made using the program HYPOINVERSE (Klein, F.W., Hypocenter location program

HYPOINVERSE. U.S.G.S. Open HIe report 78-694, 1978), and problem events are

reread and rerun. Magnetic tape copies of all arrival time and output summary

data are kept in Menlo Park and HVO.

The crustal model used is specified by velocities at 4 depth points.

Velocity at any depth is given by linear interpolation between points and uses

a homogeneous half-space below.

VELOCITY

(km/sec)

1.9

6.5

6.9

8.3

DEPTH (km)

0.0

4.6

15.0

16.5

Two empirical sets of station delays or corrections were used in the

locations. and are given in Table 1. Delay model 1 is used for events on

Kilauea and its south flank. and delay model 2 applies to the res t of the island

and offshore earthquakes. The delay models are in fact separated by a circle

of radius 34 km centered at 19°22'N and 155°10'W.

Magnitudes for most events were computed using both recorded amplitudes on

low gain or Wood-Anderson stations, and signal or coda duration on selected

short-period vertical stations. Amplitudes read from other than Wood-Anderson

instruments are corrected to an equivalent Wood-Anderson amplitude using the

curves of Figure 3 and CAL factors. Amplitude magnitudes larger than 2.5 are

generally based on the Wood-Anderson instruments in Hilo or Type 4 seismographs

at Uwekahuna. Smaller events may occasionally include amplitude readings from

stations AHU, OTL, PPL, KHU. or WIL.

Duration magnitudes are determined from the length of signal in seconds

read from the Develocorder viewer. This time, also called the "F-P time" is

measured from the firs t P arrival to the point where the earthquake signal has

decayed nearly to the noise level. A bilinear relation is an appropriate fit

to the data sample and is used to compute all duration magnitudes. Duration

times are only read from Type 1 seismographs. Because duration magni tudes are

rela tively insensi tive to station response and can be determined using the

high-gain short-period stations, it is felt that duration magnitudes are more

accurate and complete at the lower magnitudes (below 2).

The equations used in magnitude determination are:

duration (210 sec

duration )210 sec

M= -5.2 + 3.89 log (F-P) + .013 + .0037 D

M = -.905 + 2.026 log (F-P) + .013 e + .0037 0

where and D are the dep th and epicentral distance in km, respectively.

22
SEISMIC SUMMARY

The emphasis in both station coverage and detailed data analysis is on the

highly active south half of the island of Hawaii. Hundreds of earthquakes too

small to locate are classified generally aod counted daily. The set of wellrecorded earthquakes loea ted in the Hawaii Island region is nearly complete

above magnitude 2.0. Many smaller events are located in the densely instrumented Kilauea area. Substantial effort is made to locate earthquakes elsewhere within the Hawaiian Archipelago. Such coverage cannot be as complete as

on the south flank, but nearly all events above magnitude 4.0 are loeated with

limited precision.

Data presented in the seismic summary is in four parts. Table 3 gives

duration of harmonic tremor and numbers of earthquakes (most too small to

loea te) from several source regions around Kilauea and Mauna Loa. The source

region is determined visually from signal character and pattern of arrival

times at key stations. Maps showing computer loeated hypocenters are given in

Figures 9-22. The location maps are of different scales and provide hypocenters with magnitude thresholds set at 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 and 3.5 varied according

to region.

The list of computer locations constitutes the bulk of this summary, and

is given in Table 5. Each earthquake in the list is assigned a three-letter

code based on its location and depth. Figures 5-8 are maps of the regions used

to assign the location codes. The latitude and longitude limits of rectangular

regions are listed in Table 4. When the listed coordinates imply an overlap,

precedence is given according to Figures 5-8. Table 6 relists the events in

Table 5 for which either duration or amplitude magnitude is 3.0 or larger. This

list includes many of the earthquakes felt in Hawaii.

Table 3. Number of earthquakes and minutes of tremor recorded on seismographs

around Kilauea and Mauna Loa.

shallow earthquakes beneath

shallow earthquakes in the Mauna Loa

deep earthquakes about 30 km beneath the

shallow, intermediate and

inferred on the basis of

earthquakes characterized

originating 5-10 km below

Earthquake ca tegorles are:

1) Kilauea summi t, short period caldera:

the caldera.

2) Kilauea summit, long period caldera:

by low frequency signatures, often

the caldet"a.

3) Kilauea summit 30 km:

summit region.

4) Kaoiki and southwest rift: earthquakes beneath the southwest

t"ift of Kilauea, western parts of the Koae faults and adjacent

Kaoiki fault system.

5) Upper east rift: earthquakes in the upper and middle east

rift zone, the adjacent parts of the south flank, and eastern

parts of the Koae faults.

6) Lower east rift: earthquakes in the lower east rift zone and

adjacent parts of the south flank.

7) Offshore PPL: earthquakes from offshore areas south of the Puu

Pili station, including Loihi seamount.

8) Mauna Loa long period: low frequency events near Mauna Loa

summit.

9) Mauna Loa short period:

caldera region.

Tremor is separated into four categories:

deep Kilauea, and Mauna Loa. Depth is

rela tive ampli tudes on seismographs.

23
KILAUEA SUHHIT KILAUEA FLANX MAUNA LOA T~EMOR (MINUTES)

I ISHO~T LONG XAO. UP. LOW. OFF- I I KILAUEA MAUNA I

I DATE I PER. PER. 30 B SW EAST EAST SHOREILONG SHORT I INT. LOA I

I 1984 I CALDEIUr. X" RIFT ll.IFT RIFT PPL' IPER. PER. I SHAL. DEEP I

+ NEll.

1------+--------------+---------------------+----------+-----------------

I.rAN 1 I 41 31 21 109 298:3 I 10 10 11440 ,

I 2 I 53 20 I 130 370 3 I 177 12 11440 12

I 3 I 46 26 11 210 282 18 I 23 11440 15 18

I 4 I 40 30 114 3 .. 5 8 I 8 11 ....0 8 7

I 5 I 87 6 I 161 181 6 I 1 12 11 ..40 17

1------+--------------+---------------------+----------+-----------------

I 6 I 8" 13 21 158 3 .. 5 3 I 2 7 11 0 13

I 7 I 55 11 I 18.. 329 7 I 3 .. 11 0

I 8 I 88 5 191 180 282 9 I 2 1.. 11 0 3 13

I 9 I 52 10 151 140 2 .. 5 I 4 7 114.40 14

1 10 I 39 4 181 14.2 269 5 I 2 8 11440 5

1------+--------------+---------------------+----------+-----------------

H

,.

"U

"

..

77

"3.

16

8 101

1 ,

1 16 I

U,

1 131

173 206

145 1 B4

14.7 238

146 208

185 314

1

•

•

•

11

13

6

•

6

11

17 114...0

8 1144.0

3 11440

5 11440

5 11440

37

3

1

H

10

9

------+--------------+---------------------+----------+-----------------

16 13

'" 160 .83 ,. • 3 11440

17 19

" 161 ." 15 • 7 11440

16 17 " U7 313 3 1 6 11440

16 U 1 , 10< 323 6 , 6 11 ..40

.0 12

" H6" , 1 16 11440

3

U

.0

10

------+--------------+---------------------+----------+-----------------

21 11 51 168 39 2 6 40 11440 9

22 13 46 1"1 180 153 8 52 11 ....0 3 8

23 21 8 81 125 54 7 36 114"0 10

24 8 7 71 118 88 3 3 71 11 ....0 24. 5

25 I 14 11 128 114 5 I 5 51 11440 1

------+--------------+---------------------+----------+-----------------1

26 I 20 21 101 120 7 I 2 14. 11 ....0 I 1

2'1' I 24 81 128 113 6 I 3 45 11440 I 8

28 I 22 1 61 14.5 113 2 1 3 44 11 ....0 I ..

28 I 2S 4 1 128 85 3 1 2 50 (1440 I 8

30 I 11 2 1 95 15 3 I 3 9 (14..0 1 8

1------+--------------+---------------------+----------+-----------------1

I 31 1 17 126" 141 III 1..0 5 1 2" 9 11440 ! 15

I:FEB 1 1 18 2 .. 3 71 101 129" I 19 18 114."0 20

1 2! 13 6 I 106 153 6 I 56 29 114,40 3 3

1 3 I 22 2 131 124 137 5 1 25 16 11440 ..2 1..

1 4( 31 48112013911 127 911 ....0 10

1------+--------------+---------------------+----------+-----------------

, •• 1 ." '" 167 7 •• 6 11440 '0

6 3. 16 '" 136 "6 13 6 11440

7 31 15 , 120 Hl , ., 19 11440

6 31 • , 7' 10' 10 ,. 6 11440

9 32 , "0 34 9 13 11 ..40

1------+--------------+---------------------+----------+-----------------

10 106 3 30' 120 51 7 , 7 11 ....0

H 51 1

" 110 7. 7 10 29 11440

12 70 , ". .. 8 9 36 11 .. 40

13 .. 30 9' 129 " 3 1 6' 11 ....0

U 21 .' " .. 7 •• 11440

9

7

18

12

1

,

13

15

10

•

24
JlILAUEA SUMMIT JlILAUEA FLAJI'Jl KAUJI'A LOA TllEMOR (MIllUTES)

---------------------------------------------------------------------~----

ISHORT I.OllG XAO. UP. LOW. OJ'F- , , XILAUEA KAU"AI

!>ATE PEl<. PEl<. 30 • 'W EAST EAST SHOllE'I.OlfG SHORTt IJI'T. LOA , UtS" CALDERA

'" RIFT RIFT >In PPI.' oPEl< PEl<. SIiAL. DEEP , • .El<

1------+--------------+---------------------+----------+-----------------1

I FEB1S " 1831 , "

,. 2'0 1 2 3. 1""0

.0 ". 7' ,. 123 3

" 140"0 •

17 18 7 , .. 12. • 7 140"0

18 •• 1 , '7 18. 1 • •• u."o 3. 3

" 1. • , 10. •• • " 1......0 , 1

• ------+--------------+-------------- --- -. ----+-----------------.

'0

" 1 ., '0 71 3 12 1......0 , 13

21 12

" 91 .7 • 1 , 1......0 , 3

•• '7 1

.' 117 113 • 3 13 1......0 , •

.3 '7 • , 11. ..3 • •• 1......0 1 , •• , 70 • ?O 10• '0. • •• t ______+______________ +________________ 1......0 15

- --. -----+-----------------. , •• 91 • 30 1<1 ,. • •• 1......0 , •

•• 7' • • 130 101 .. .0 140"0 ,.

27 .. , .. 101 1 1 '0 1"'''0

•• .. • 1 110 •• 7 •• u ...o 12

2' ., • .. '0' 1 • •• 11""0 ------+--------------+---------------------+----------+-----------------

,..... 1 ?2 1 1 '3 '7 • •• 11......0

• ,. • .' •• 71 • 18 1......0 , •

3 '0 1 ., .. 37 • •• 11""0 , , • 2. ., ,. "0 • " 11""0 , •

• • 1507 , .. 3'3 • 2 ., 11""0 •

1--- __ +______________ +_____________________ +__________ +___ --------------1

, • 12 3.0 , 11. 210 7 • 3' 11""0 3. ., , 7 17 •• 3' .. 213 3 • '0 '1""'0 19 , • 11 3 , ., ••3 11 •• .1 ......0 , ,

•

19 ,. " 7' '0' 3 • •• .140 ...0 11 , '0 •• 3 30 •• 21 • 7 •• 11"'''0 18 13 , -----+--------------+---------------------+- -------+-----------~-----

, 11 '7 2 , .. 27• • , 31 t 1......0 1 , " 2. .. ., 113 13. 3 , '7 11......0 , •

" 2. 2. " 107 113 7 , • 13< 11 ......0 , • •

.. .. 12 ?O 71 ,.. • , 1 '3 11 ......0 11 , " 2. • " 73 17. • , 3 ., 11 ......0 1

------+--------------+---------------------+----------+---------------~-

18 .. 17 , • 7 19• • 1 ... 11""0

17 70

"

" 11. 2" • 1 ". ,. 11""0 •

'7 3 , 53 "7 • • •• 11""0 7

" .3

" , ,. •• • 1 .. 11""0 • 3

20 .3

" , •• 10' • 2 59 1140400

------+--------------+---------------------+-- +----------------~ "

2' 101 • , '7 "7 1 •• 11 ......0 • 7

2. .3 3 , 71 10. , • 37 11 ...... 0 1

2' '0 • " " ,.0 • , 3. 11 ......0 • 10

•• 103 2' , .7 "' , ... 1140...0 510 •

•• 18

" 3. 193 • , 333 11 ......0 140400 30

------+--------------+---------------------+- -------+-----------------

•• .. " , •• , • ,.. 11""'0 140400

27 2' , ., " ". 11 ""'0 140...0

•• t? , 39 .0 • .<9 11""0 1......0

., .. 1 , 23 .0 10 ." 11""0 1......0

30 3 , •• •• 3 • .0' 1140400 1... 400

--------------------------------------------------------------------------

25
KILAUE... SUMMIT KI1.... UE... FLAIUt M"'UN'" LOA TREMOR (MINUTES)

--------------------------------------------------------------------------

, 1SHORT 1.0NG X"'O. UP. LOW. OFF- , , :KILAUE... M...UIf"'1 , D...TE , FER. FER. '0 •'W E"'ST E"'ST SHORE 11.0NG SHORT 1 lifT. LOA , , 1984 , C...LDERA KM RIFT RIFT RIFT 1'1'1.' IFEll. FER. ,. SH...1.. DEEP , • HE>

------+--------------+---------------------+----------+-----------------1

MAll.31 5 .1< , •• •• .0 • 5.5 11440 1440

APR • 5 31

" •• •• , • ••0 11440 1440

• • " , • 55 5 • ••0 11440 1440

, .0 ., • 5 •• , • 1097 11440 1440

• •• , • 0 5• • • 1693 11440 14"0

------+--------------+---------------------+----------+-----------------1

5 15 • " .0 .5 • 15 1595 11440 14"0

• •• •• , '0 5. • • 1731 114"0 14"0

• 1< • , .. •• • 13 1510 11440 1440

• ,. • , ., •• 15 ... 11""0 1440

• •• •• , •• .00 • • ••• 11440 1440

------+--------------+---------------------+----------+-----------------1

• 0 50 •• , '0 ., , 5 ••• 11440 1440

11 55 '0 , .. 11' • 12 8O' 11440 1440

•• 13. 15 , ,. •• • 31 1514 11440 1440

13 • 0 • " •• 50 •• 1104 114"0 1440 •

" ,. 1 , 5. ., •• ••• 11440 1ol40 • ------+--------------+---------------------+------____+-----------------1

15 , .. • , 55 .0 , .. 1062 11440 1""0 15'

•• , •• • " ., 31 • • ••0 11440 1440 •••

•• , 11' •• " .. •• •• ••• I 1ol"0 1ol40 .55

•• , 71 ,. , .. ,. • • .,. 11""0 1440 .0.

•• , 15 , .. •• 1 •• 830 11""0 83

------+--------------+---------------------+----------+----------------- .0 , ., •• • 5 8O' 11440 ,.,

•• • ... , 50 50' • • .., 11440 ..0

•• , ,. , 50 ... 1 83 ••• 11440 15.

., • •• " ,. ... '0 '.5 11440 • .81

•• • ,. , .. 5 •• 1 55 ,.. 11440 30.

1------+--------------+---------------------+----------+-------__________

• 5 15 .83 , •• .,. • .. .., 114"0 510

•• 31 110 " 83 ,.. 5 • '55 11440 55.

•• •• 150 , 83 .0. • • ... 11440 5 ••

•• • 5 .5 " '0 13. , 15. 114"0 .0 •••

•• .0 ., , .. '8O • • .., 11"40 .., ------+--------------+---------------------+----------+-----------------

'0 •• 73 , 5. '8O • • 11. 11440 •••

MAY • ,. '0 " ., .'0 5 • 15. 114'0 1450

• •• '0 , .5 ••0 ,. 11440 ...

, •• ,. , ,.... •• .0• 11440 • ..,

• .. .. , .. ... • ••• 11440 169'1

------+--------------+---------------------+----------+----------------- 5 .. .. , 55 ••5 5 ••5 11440 1896

• •• • " .0 '.0 1 ... ••• 11440 • 5 ••

• ., • " .. 135 12. ,. 11440 ,.,

• ., •• , '0 15' • .. •• 11440 830

• • 0 •• " .. .55 , .. .0 11440 .55

------+--------------+---------------------+----------+----------------- .0 .. • ., •• ... 5. .0 11"40 50•

11 •• 15 , 55 ••• • •• ,. 11440 • 580

•• •• • , •• ••• •• ,. ,0. 11"40 '8O

13 ,.. '0 1 , 5. 15' 1 .. ,. 114"0 5 ••

" ••• .. , •• '00 • 55 .0 11440 50.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------

26
KILAUEA FLANX HAUNA LOA TREMOR (MINUTES)

,

I DATE

I 1984

•

XILAUEA SUMMIT

ISHORT LONG

1 PER. PER. 30

I C....LDERA RK

KAO.

• SW

ll.I FT

UP.

EAST

RIFT

LOW.

E....ST

UFT

OFF- I

SHORE I LOffG

1'1'L' I FER.

, SHORT I

FEll.. I

KILAUE.... K.... UM.... I

IMT. LOA I

SHAL. DEEF I

HER

------+--------------+---------------------+----------+-----------------

H....Y15

" " , '" 150 , 20 5. 11440

,. 32 • , '" 52 4 '2 42 11440

>7 23 3 2' 4. '" " 30 11"40 30

" 27 13 , 20 47 7

" 30 11440

" '" lS , 4. .2 4 20 23 11"40

------+----~~--------+---------------------+----------+-----------------

20 47 23 45 81 • , 14 40 11440 20

21 46 14 37 100 5 , 3 42 I 1 "40

22 .0 34 38 115 13 , 03

" 11440 4 5

23

" 20 46 "0 7 , 4 • 11"40

24 105 47 100 , , 13 .5 11"40

"0

5>5

401

417

355

"4523

413

213

504

1------+--------------+---------------------+----------+-~---------------

25 138 6 I "2 121 3 I 1" 13 11"40 456

26 257 8 11 52 191 I 12 23 114"0 498

27 132 8 1 46 93 2 I 31 10 114"0 442

28 70 6 1 26 46 6 I 4 22 11440 5 379

I 29 I 39 12 11 47 46 6 I 21 49 11440 I 468 I------+--------------+---------------~-----+----------+-- __ __ I

I 30 1 83 18 1 55 124 4 I "4 157 11440 I 376

I 31 1 87 3 21 "6 1'70 1 I 17 34. 114.4.0 I 30

IJUlf 1 t 126 11 I "" 149 7 I 38 27 11440 I 249

2 1 138 7 I 38 78 1 I 9" 45 11440 I 206

3 I 151 3 I 84 83 1 1 15 29 1144.0 I 177 ______ + + +----------+-----------------1

4 I 364 22 I 50 142 10 I 57 45 11440 1 148

5 I 263 22 21 32 188 8 1 53 28 11"40 I 142

8 I 170 9 1 50 173 7 I 31 21 11440 I 100

7 I 49 12 1 53 78 4 I 16 22 11440 I 98

8 I 123 4 1 59 190 10 I 19 27 114.4.0 7 I 144 ______+ +---------------------+----------+-----------------1

9 I "7 71 11 85 125 8 I 10 21 11"40 I 104

101172011804.1 2 1191911440 Ill"

11 ( 32 22 I 58 67 5 I 58 21 11440 7 I 105

12 I 27 5 I 50 70 10 1 52 27 11"40 18 I 96

13 I 33 12 I 43 76 7 I 25 14 11440 I 48 ______+--------------+ + +-----------------1

14 35 1 21 57 138 1 25 18 11440 15 I 88

15 4.2 39 I 41 184 7 7 21 11440 I 102

16 4.4 7 1 36 129 5 35 23 \ 1440 6 I 90

17 58 1 I 53 121 17 22 11440 I 99

18 84 26 21 54. 1"6 8 36 25 11440 I 88

------+--------------+--------------------~+~-~-~-----+----~-----~-----~I

19 82 8 I 48 250 11 10 18 11440 5 I 74

20 101 11 I 47 227 18 5 10 1144.0 I 88

21 93 3 11 73 106 1 2 24. 11""0 I 4.6

22 11" 8 I 45 126 14 15 20 114"0 I 80

\ 23 I 121 10 I 47 177 8 j 14. 34 114.40 I 76

1------+--------------+---------------------+----------+-----------------1

I 24 I 14.7 4 21 50 200 1 I 8 1" 114.4.0 1 90

I 25 I 130 30 21 28 128 8 I 8 18 11440 21 I 85

I 28 I 146 34. I 3!5 170 10 I 8 20 11440 I 69

I 27 ( 1"1 31 11 53 78 4 I 2 25 11440 I 62

I 28 I 188 83 21 33 80 I 6 12 11440 I 65

27
JtlLAUEA SU""l1' JtlLAUEA PLAint KAU'''' LOA TllEKOll (KlIfUTES)

-------------------------------------------------------------------------- , SKOItT LOIfG ltAO. UP. LOW. OFF- , , KILAUEA KAUIfA,

DATE PD PD. .0 • SW EAS1' EAST SKOJlEILOIfG SHOllT. 11fT. LOA 0

198. CALDDlA OK un un ItIFT l'PL' IPEll. PD 0 SKAL DEEl' 0

• 'D

1------+--------------+-------------- ------+----------+-----------------

JUlf29 0 ,.. 7 0 U

"' • , 12 12 , 1....0 7. , .0 , " ... ,. 12. 11 • ,. 11 ••0 • • ••

IJUL 1 , 17 '0' •• • 00 • 10 •• 11 ••0 17

• , ., •• " 13. • 12 ., 11...0 ••

• , •• • •• ,.. • " •• 11 ....0 •• ------+--------------+---------------------+----------.-----------------

• .7 • " ••7 7 • 12 11 ....0 ••

• '0 • ., .. ,.. 1 • 12 11 ••0 ••

• • 7 • , ,. ••• 10 • •• 11 ••0 • ••

7 57 10 , S1 •• 12 • 10 11 ••0 • .7

• •• • , '7 7. • • .0 t 1••0 7.

------.--------------+---------------------+----------+-----------------

• 11 13.5

" .. '" • .0 so IU.O ..

10 • 1.70 , .. • 07 • .. 17 11 ••0 ••

11 .. .07 0 so 13' 7 ,. • U"O ••

12 •• U ., so ,.. • • • 11 ••0 ••

13 •• • " .. •• • • • 11 ••0 •• ______ • ______________ _____________________ +__________ +_________________ 1

10 •• • .0 .. ... • • 13 11 ••0 so

" os •• , '7 ." • .. 10 , 1....0 • .0

.. os • " •• 170 11 ,. 10 IU.O 7 ••

17 •• • , .. • '0 10 ., 12 11 ••0 7'

,. , •• • " U 13. 11 7 17 , 1...0 70

------+--------------+---------------------+----------+----------------- ,. •• , •• .'0 • ,. •• 11 ••0 ••

.0 " • " S1 57. • • 13 , 1••0

.,

•

•• 1 .. ••• • • 10 IU..O 110

•• 100 • .. •• • 10 , 1••0 71

•• •• ,. " 130 • • • 11 ••0 • ------+--------------+---------------------+----------+----------------- "

•• 01 10 " '0 • 7 11 7 ,. 11 ••0 .0 ••

•• "

. " , .. 137 • 10 ,. t 1••0 .0

•• '" 12

" •• •• • • 11 t 1••0 ..

.7 17' .. , ,. .0 • • • ! 1••0 • .7

•• 31 • , '7 •• • • 7 j 1••0 •• ------+--------------+---------------------+----------+-----------------

•• .. 2090 , '0 •• • • 13 11 ••0 '0

'0 12 105. , •• ,.. 1 • • 11 ••0 , ••

31 12 ... " •• 10' • ,. ,. 11 ••0 7.

IAUG 1 •• .., , .. 101 • 1 7 11 ••0 •• ., , • 31 •• , .0 131 • • • 11••0 '0 ------+--------------+---------------------+----------+-----------------

• '7 .0 , so .7 • • 7 11".0 7 ..

• .7 7 ., '7 .. 7 • • 11••0 •• ..

• '0 •• , • 0 11. • • 11 ...0 .. S1

• " ,. ., ,. 101 • • 11 11 ••0 os

7 S1 •• " .0 .0. • • ______ +______________ +_____________________ +__________7 +-----------------1 IU.O ..

• .0 '0 ., os '.0 • • • 11 ...0 U

• 70 •• ., .. ••7 1 • 12 11 ...0 ••

10 71 • ., •• ,.0 • • 7 11 ••0 • ••

11 01 17 " .. ••• • • 7 11 ••0 ..

.. 10• , " •• ... 1 • 13 11 ••0 •• --------------------------------------------------------------------------

28
XILAUEA SUMMIT KILAUEA FLAll'X MAURA LOA TREMOR (MIKUTES)

-------------------------------------------------------------------------- MAUll''''' I

LOA I

DEEP I

KILAUEA

lifT.

SH....L.

, SHORT'

PER. I

OFF- I

SHORE I LONG

PPL' I PER.

LOW.

EAST

RIFT

UP.

EAST

RIFT

KAO.

.,.

RIFT

30

RK

ISHORT LOlfG

I PER. PER.

I CALDERA

DATE

198.. • .EO

1------+--------------+---------------------+----------+-----------------1

IAUG13 I 123 .. I ..8 110 9 1 3 7 11 0 I "6

I 1 .. I 1 ..0 8 I ..6 123 9 I 5 10 11 0 33 1 .. 6

15 I 119 1 I "9 113 8 1 2 11 11 .. 40 I 37

16 I 183 1 I 50 138 I 12 114"0 1 "7

17 I 220 2 21 46 182 5 I 9 9 11440 I 76 - + + + +-----------------1

18 I 219 7 31 41 205 12 I 3 18 114"0 25 I 85

19 I 180 11 I 38 72 3 I 3 18 11 ..40 I 82

20 I 14 11 38 68.. 3 I .. 11 0 I 25

21 1 8 2238 11 48 .. 78 6 I 2 12 11 0 29 I 36

22 I 11 1687 I 37 150 6 I 2 7 11 0 40 1 .. 1

------+--------------+---------------------+----------+-----------------1

23 I 11 1004 I 22 219 3 I 3 9 11"40 8 1 55

2 .. I 2.. 951 11 41 141 6 I 4 114"0 I 38

25 I 19 397 1 58 80 3 I 8 8 11 ....0 , ..2

26 I .. 1 39 I 40 71 2 1 6 11440 , 73

27 I 35 20 11 37 78 4 I 1 2 11440 6 1 42 1------+--------------+---------------------+---------_+ 1

1 28 I 42 7 11 45 94 8 I 6 10 11440 41

1 29 I 47 22 I 49 76 5 I 11 6 11440 30

I 30 I 43 10 I 42 92 2 I 4 6 11440 39

I 31 I 49 13 I 59 89 2 I 3 11 11440 50

ISEPl163 1145101 3 11 811440 174 1------+--------------+---------------------+---------_+ 1

I 2 I 90 6 t 37 158 2 I 10 11440 1 60

I 3 1 87 1 I 70 176 13 I 2 14 11440 I 3

I 4 I 116 14 I 42 141 6 I 1 10 11440 I 36

I 5 1 144 5 11 37 138.. I 8 9 11440 I 36

I 6 I 196 10 I 32 207 3 I 9 2 11440 I 47 1------+--------------+---------------------+---------_+ 1

7 259 3 I 37 125 4 3 8 11440 3"

8 195 1 1 38 8.. 8 2 8 11440 80 33

9 124 .. 2 I 44 108 5 3" 11440 "9

10 185 8 I 33 1 ..3 9 1 7 11440 46

I 11 I 150 3 11 37 127 3 I 2 3 11440 \ 23 1------+--------------+---------------------+---------_+ _ 1121 HI6 4 141170 4 19 911440 28

I 13 I 110 39 391 25 238 15 I 4 13 11440

I 1" I 220 3 11 "0 217 5 I 6 10 11440 5 33

1 15 I 230 4 I 80 214 6 I 2 3 11440 28

118120918 1------+-------- 149210" 14 611440 38 + + + _ 1 17 I 292 7 11 83 235 8 9 11440 30

I 18 I 289 33 I 23 231 2 10 11440 .. 2

I 19 I 201 79 11 28 148 8 1 11 11440 26

I 20 I 8 1118 21 44 511 6 2 6 114"0 28

I 21 I 71076 11 32 450 5 I 3 11440 "5 1------+--------------+---------------------+---------_+ _ I 22 I 29 882 21 3.. 356 5 I 5 11440 7 35

1231317201154191 6 11 311440 54

I 24 1 89 201 I 21 169 6 I 6 11440 35 "6

I 25 1 29 181 I 53 82 12 l!l 12 114"0 59 17

I 26 I 59 30 11 37 132 2 I 7 11440 3 "2

29
XILAUEA SUHHIT XILAUEA FLAIfK KAUlIA LOA Tll.EKOIl (HIlIUTES)

-------------------------------------------------------------------------- ISHOllT LOKG XAO. UP LOW. OFF- , , KILAUEA HAUKA 1

DATE , PER. PER. .0 • 'W EAST EAST SHOREtLOKG SHORT 1 I!fT. LOA , 198.. , CALDERA XH RIFT >IFT RIFT PPL' tPEll. PER. , SHAL. DEEP , • 'ER ------+--------------+---------------------+----------+-----------------

SEP2? 50 .1 U '0 '33 , , • , 1....0 '0

•• " " U

" '7 • • • IU..O • ..

•• .. 12 , .0

"' 12 • • r 1""0 ..

'0 81 12 , " 12. • 1 • 11 ....0 ..

OCT , 70 • U '0 1" • 1

" 11..40 .. ------+--------------+---------------------.----------.-----------------

• " • , .. 13. • • • 11440 ..

• " • ,, .. ... • 7 , 1440 ..

• "' • , 38 1" 7 • • 11440

• .. • , OR

"

"' • • , 1440 '8

• "' 1

" .. I" • '0 • , 1440 .. ------.--------------.---------------------.----------+----------------- 7 .. • 37 '00 • , • , 1440 "

• 12. • .. 71 , , , 14"0 .7

8 "0 • " •• • • • 1440 re

'0 , '7' 31 100 8 , 1440 re

II , reO II 38 reo , 8 • ______ • ______________ +_____________________ +__________ +'1440 _________________ 1 ..

12 , ... • , '7 ... 7 7 , 1440 33 , ..

" ... .. u re ... • • • , 1440 '0 ..

.. are .. , '7 '7' • 7 , 1440 38

.. ..0 • " II ,.. • 11440 .. re '88 • , <7

"' • • ______ +______________ +_____________________ + __________+-----------------1 '1440 '7

17 .0. • , .. reo • • 11440 .7

re a" 7 , 38 217 II • • 11440 ..

10 re7 • " .. I" II 1 11440 re

'0 ." 7

" 38 '07 re • • 11440 7 '7

21 , '77 re , 33 177 , • 114"0 , ______ +______________ +_____________________ +__________ +_________________ 1 33

aa 881 ao u .. a .. • , 11""0 , ..

.. a .. '7 , 31 10' 7 , • • 11 ....0 , a. '87 II , .0 re. "

• , • • 11 ....0 • , ..

.. 100 • , .. ,.. , , • • 11 ....0 •

.. 107"

• ., .. '72 • , • , 1440 88

------+----~---------+---------------------+----------+-----------------

'7 100 • , .0 '88 • • • 11 ..40 7'

.. ,.. .. " .. '" • 37 • 11440 ..

.. re. re

" .. '7' '0 • • ! 1440 • 7'

'0 ... a, , •• ..S 7 • 11440 71

31 '07 33 , " .. • , • 11440 ..

1------+--------------+---------------------+----------+-----------------

IMOV , 187 .. 33 71 • , • , 11440 7' , • .. " .. Hlel • , • , 11"40 70 , • .0 .21 '7 1483 • , • 11440 .. , • .. '83 31 ... , , 10 11440 , , • .. • .. "7 • , • • 11.440 .7 ..

1------+--------------+---------------------+----------+-----------------

, 33 •• .. '38 .. , • • 11 ....0 8?

7 .. .. •• .7 • , 7 IU"O 83

• .. re .. 7 • 12 , '0 11 .. 40 ..

• 81 •• .. 81 • , , 11 .. 40 8?

10 • .. <7 83 , 10 , • , 1440 88

--------------------------------------------------------------------------

30
KILAUEA SUMMIT KILAUEA FLAIfK MAUNA LOA TREMO~ (MINUTES)

I ISHO~T LOIfG RAO. UP, LOW, OFF- I I KILAUEA MAUNA I

I DATE I PE~. PE~, 30 • SW EAST EAST SHOREILOIfG SHORTI INT. LOA 1

I 1984 I CALDERA Xli RIFT RIFT RIFT PPL' IPER. PER. I SKAL. DEEP I

+ IfER

1------+--------------+---------------------+----------+-----------------1

Ilf0Vll I 110 163 I SO 105 10 1 I 2 4 11440 I 53

I 12 1 301 3'7 11 52 130 13 1 I 1 6 11440 4 I 51

I 13 I 135 64 I 50 135 '7 1 1 2 11440 8 I 76

I 14 I 152 73 1 28 90 3 1 1 1 4 11440 I 61

I 15 j 159 7 \ 49 96 8 2 I 1 4 11440 I 25

1------+--------------+---------------------+---------_+ 1

I 16 1 153 2414401 39 65 1 I 6 11440 I 26

I 17 I 142 41 I 43 81 3 I 11440 1 18

1 18 t 102 10 I 16 59 I 2 11440 16 1 14

I 19 I 179 35 11 39 42 7 1 3 11440 I 30

I 20 I 38 282 I 21 991 3 1 1 2 1144.0 1 19

1------+--------------+---------------------+---------_+ 1

I 21 I 2 ... 1622 I 37 9 ...0... 1 2 114..0 18 I 36

I 22 I 3... '1'15 I 33 530 2 1 2 114..0 I 38

1 23 I ...3 68 21 4.2 3'12 5 1 8 114.4.0 1 4'1

I 2 ... I 37 39 I 4'1 ... 68 1 I 1 1 11440 1 102

I 25 I 96 115 11 24. 288 1 3 11.40 I 22

1------+--------------+---------------------+---------_+ 1

26 I 77 26 I 50 555... 1 1 11 40 31 1 ... 3

2'1 I 114. 6. I 31 375 11 1 1 10 11 4.0 I 73

28 1 123 59 21 37 1... 1 8 1 5 ... 11 40 1 65

29 1 185 300 I "'5 150 5 1 6 13 11440 1 64.

I 30 1 159 1'13 11 ...7 76 5 1 ... 11.40 1 58

1------+--------------+---------------------+---------_+ 1

IDEC 1 1 175 82 I 41 83 10 2 1 1 1 11.40 1 76

I 2 1 192 117 I 135 112 4 1 3 2 114..0 113

I 3 I 156 82 11 52 12... 4 I 8 5 11 ....0 ... 57

I ... I 15 71 I ...0 86 6 1 1 11"'40 23

1 5 I 20 210 1 35 87 6 I 1 2 11"'40 3 ... 1------+--------------+---------------------+---------_+_________________ 1

6

" 102 , 30 65 • 3 6 11 ...4.0

7 , '0 , 22 " • 1 11440

,

•

2' ,. " 37 • 2 , 3 • 11440

• 37 6 , 3' 51 10 1 , 114.40

10 33 12 , .. 75 12 2 2 114.4.0

7'

"

50

------+--------------+---------------------+----------+-----------------1

11 "'5 15 11 39 91 10 4. 4 11"'40 6 59

12 42 2... 21 62 122 8 1 8 114...0 33 '10

13 51 31 1 48 156 11 1 2 !5 11 ...4.0 84

14 91 10 I 36 134 3 12 12 114"'0 12 28

15 1 82 4 11 31 162 4 I 20 11 11"'40 3 I 27

------+--------------+---------------------+----------+-----------------1

16 I 63 3... j ... 8 159 1 I 3 6 11"'40 1 84.

17 I 77 26 t 40 83 10 1 4 3 11 ......0 1 50

18' 65 ... 5 1 29 68 7 1 2 6 11440 I 38

19 t 78 38 I 34 ...9 5 1 1 5 114.40 I 79

20 I 85 59 1 39 101 15 1 2 "11...40 1 81 t------+--------------+ + + 1

I 21 I '15 '13 11 29 138 4 1 I 1 5 1144.0 \ 121

1 22 123 80 I 108 197 9 1 2 11440 I 151

23 203 I 111 2...... 7 I 8 11440 1 16

2... 179 171 11 40 169 10 1 1 1 7 11 0 1 95

25 183 121 I ... 8 13... 6 1 2 9 11 0 I 5'"

--------------------------------------------------------------------------

31
Jt.ILAUEA SUMMIT JtILAUEA FLAXJt KAUMA LOA TREMOR (HIXUTES)

, ISHORT LOXG I .AO. UP. LOW. OFP- I • JtILAUEA HAUKA •

• DATE. PER. PER. 30 •• SW EAST EAST SHORE'LOKG SHORT. IKT. LOA'

1 198. f CALDERA JtH f RIFT RIFT RIFT PPL' 'PER PER f SHAL. DEEP ,

• K" 1------+--------------+------------------ + + , IDEC26 1 276 10 f 26 91 1 1 4 114.0 21

1 27 1 239 89 1 30 108 10 6 3 11.40 59

1 28 1 209 85 1 50 105 4 2 8 11••0 7 2. .2

1 29 1 242 198 I 46 90 6 4 6 11.40 .0

11 30 +1 345 25 +1 58 48 4 +_ 10 4__+11440 1 3

1 31 1 322 11 21 48 86 12 19 3 11440 8 '15

Table 4. Coordinates of named earthquake regions.

----------------------------------------------------------

--All earthquakes are in one of the following groups.

--Identified by a numerical class or 3-1etter code:

--Shallow:

I SHC - Shallow north caldera (O-S km)

2 SSC - Shallow south caldera (O-S km)

3 SEC - Shallow east caldera (O-S km)

4 SER - Shallow east rift (O-S km)

5 SHE - Shallow middle east rift (O-S km)

6 KOA - Kose fault zone (O-S ka)

7 SSP - Shallow south flank (0-5 km)

8 SLE - Shallow lower east rift (O-S km)

--Intermediate depth:

9 SFI - Kilauea south flank (5-13 km) (west end)

10 SF2 - Kilauea south flank (5-13 km)

II SF3 - Kilauea south flank (5-13 km)

12 SP4 - Kilauea south flank (5-13 km)

13 SFS - Kilauea south flank (5-13 km) (east end)

14 LER - Lower east rift (S-99 km)

15 MLO - Mauna Loa (0-13 km)

16 LSW - Lower SW rifts of Kilauea & Mauna Loa (0-13 km)

17 GLN - Glenwood (0-13 km)

18 SWR - SW rift (0-13 km)

19 INT - Intermediate caldera (:-13 km)

20 KAO - Kaolkl (0-13 km)

--Deep:

21 DEP - Deep Kilauea ()13 km) (below regions 1-13, 17-19)

22 DLS - Deep lower SW rift ()13 km) (below region 14)

23 DML - Deep Mauna Loa ()13 km) (below regions IS, 20)

--Outer regions, all depths:

24 LOI - Loihi (all depths)

2S KeN South Kona (all depths)

26 HUA Hualalai (all depths)

27 KOH Kohals (all depths)

28 KEA Mauna Kea (all depths)

29 HIL H110 (all depths)

30 DIS Distant, everywhere else

32
Table 4 (continued)

----------------------------------------------------------

--The latitude snd longitude liaits of the regions are given below.

--When the coordinates imply an overlap, precedence is given as in the maps.

No. Code N. La t. S.Lat. W.Lon. E.Lon.

I SNC 19 28 19 24.5 155 19 155 14

2 SSC 19 24.5 19 22 155 19 155 16.5

3 SEC 19 24.5 19 22 155 16.5 155 14

4 SER 19 26 19 20.5 155 14 15507.2

5 SHE 19 26 155 07.2 155 00

6 KOA 19 22 19 20.5 155 17 155 14

7 SSF 19 10 155 17 155 00

8 SLE 19 32 19 16 155 00 154 40

9 SFl 19 22 19 10 155 17 155 14.5

10 SF2 19 26 19 10 155 14.5 155 12.3

II SF3 19 26 19 10 155 12.3 15509.1

12 SF4 19 26 19 10 155 09.1 155 05.3

13 SF5 19 26 19 10 155 05.3 155 00

14 LER 19 32 19 16 155 00 154 40

15 HLO 19 35 19 19 155 35 155 19

16 LSW 19 19 18 40 155 43 155 25

17 GLN 19 35 19 26 155 19 155 00

18 SIIR 19 22 19 10 155 25 155 17

19 INT 19 28 19 22 155 19 155 14

20 KAO 19 30 19 19 155 32 155 19

21 OEP 19 35 19 10 155 25 155 00

22 OLS 19 19 18 40 155 43 155 25

23 OHL 19 35 19 19 155 35 155 19

24 LOI 19 10 18 40 155 25 155 00

25 KON 19 39 19 00 156 20 155 43

26 HUA 19 55 19 39 156 20 155 43

27 KOH 20 25 19 55 156 20 155 34

28 KEA 20 25 19 35 155 34 154 40

29 HIL 19 47 19 32 155 09 154 40

----------------------------------------------------------

33
Figure 5. Earthquake classification, shallow 0 - 5 km deep

Kilauea and east flank Mauna Loa.

HUJ-lS GlN-17 SLE-8

30'

KRO-20

SNC-l

SER-~ SHE-S 0

'/0

/ • • SSC-2 SEC-3 • 0 " o· " 0 0

SHA-18. KDR-6

0

/./ SSF-7 20' _r_----- • '0 7/

_/

--

-'

------ /'

DlS-3D

/

20'

20 KM I l I I I

10 •

34

lDl-2~

I 0 •
Figure 6. Earthquake classification, intermediate 5 - 13 km deep

Kilauea and east flank Mauna Loa.

I

HLD-IS GLN-17 LEA-Pol

KRO-20

INT-19

-

,jV; c:;: /)

SF2 SF3-11 SF4-12 5F5-13/" 0

-10

0 /0

-I , •

D • ( <) • , () 0

/ S"A-18 '/SFI:Jl

o 1/ - // f-

,

." . :----------

/ /------ V __ -~ -/ -// / r "--- r

/ 015-30

f-- 20 KM lOI-2Ll

I , , , , , , , I I I I I , , , , , I I I

,

30'

20 •

10'

20 •

35

10 •
Figure 7. Earthquake classification, crustal 0- 13 km deep

island of Hawaii.

OlS-30 01S-30

r-------,----------------,

KrJH-27 KER-28

20·

HUA-26

KAD-20

SLE-8

LER-I~

GLN-17

SWR

-18j-t"~ __

rJ

HLO-IS

LSl-l-16

KrJN-25

LOJ-2~

19·

OlS-30 DIS-3D

20 KM

ItlII!!!!!I!!!!!!!"l

36
Figure 8. Earthquake classification. mantle greater than 13 km

deep island of Hawaii.

015-30 015-30

,------------,,----------,

DIS-3D

20 KH

11I!l"!ltlt!!,,"ul

HUR-26

KON-2S

KOH-27

OHL-23

o

OLS-22

37

KER-28

OEP-21

LClI-2l,1

HIL-29

LEA-ll,1

015-30

20'

19'
Figure 9

1984 ISLANDS EAATHOUAKE LOCATIONS

0-60 KM DEPTHS, M>=3.S

23 0 ---1 

0 

22°-1 rf1 

Q • 

L::::::7 

w

21

°1

6 

'"

c::l +

20°-1 {', 6 

6

• ;,(> '- 

-/1'

0-

.

• 1....../<1J

20 KM

18°-1 ...

161 0 160 0 159 0 158 0 157 0 156 0 1S5 0 
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u

cr

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39

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41
Fi9ure 13

1984 SUMMIT

O-S.O KM OEPTHS, M'.I.O

26' 1

0 1 . 

0 2.0

,

-I J I 0 0 2S' o / r-----... ), 3.

o 0 0 4.

Ii

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N

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Cl 000 \J

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o

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18 ' 17 ' 16' IS' 14 ' 13 ' 12 
Fi gure 14

1984 KILRUER SUMMIT ERATHOURKE LOCRTIONS

5.1-13.0 KM DEPTHS, M>.I.D

MRGNITU

' , ,

I. 

---

-

c

26 ' ,

0 2.0

10, 0 3.0

c ( /

0 4.0

25' c

D 5.0

D 6.0

A

w

,/ \::J 24 '

0

v

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23'

I

, 0

0

22' 1

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18 ' 17 ' 16 ' 15 ' 14 ' 13 ' 12 
Figure 15

KILRUER SUMMIT ERRTHQURKE LOCRTIDNS

13. I-SO.O KM DEPTHS, M>=I.O

2S' 1 HRGNITU

0 1.

0 I '\.A 0 2.0

00

25' -1 J I 0cP ), 0 3.

D L1

0

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1,..-c:::, , !

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18' 17 • IS' 15' I , 13 ' 12 
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45
Figure 17

198ij SOUTH

S. 1-13.0 KM DEPTHS. M>=2.0

o

----

0 2.0

0 3.0

0 l1. 

D 5.0

D 6.0

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Fi gure 18

198ij SOUTH

13.1-60.0 KM DEPTHS. M>:2.0

(f

• t3

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48

No
oo

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49
Figure 21

1984 MAUNA LOA SUMMIT EARTHOUAKE LOCATIONS

13.1-60.0 KM DEPTHS. M>.2.0

MAGNITUDES

0 2.0'"

30' -1 D 3.0'"

D 4.0'"

0

D 5.0'" rJ

0 1 D 6.0'"

0

20'

o

o

20 KM

I J , , , , , I l , J , , , , , , , I I I D

50' 40' 30 . 
=>

'"

0

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m

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oDD

w '" 0 + 0 0 <J or

0
Table 5 is a chronological listing of successfully located earthquakes. For

each event the folloWing data are presented:

Origin time in Hawaiian Standard Time:

second (SEC).

date, hour (HR), minute (MN), and

Epicenter in degrees and minutes of north latitude (LAT N) and west longitude

(LON W).

DEPTH - Depth of focus in km.

AMP MAG

OUR MAG

Ampli tude magai tude, if de termined.

Duration magnitude, if determined.

NR - Number of arrivals (p or S) used for solution.

NS Number of S arrivals used for solution.

GAP DEG - Largest azimuthal separation in degrees between stations.

RHS SEC - Root mean square error of time residuals in sec.

MIN DIS - Epicentral distance in km to the third nearest station.

ERH km - Standard error of the epicenter in km.

ERZ km - Standard error of depth of focus in km.

REMK - Remarks, three letter code for geographic location of event. See Figures 5-8 for location of mnemonic code. Additional one letter codes

have the follOWing meanings:

F felt

L - long period character

T - associated with harmonic tremor

B - quarry or other blast

* - the loeation program had a convergence problem, which usually means

that the depth may be unreliable.

Table 5 lists all events loea ted during 1984. Table 6 lists only events of

magnitude 3.0 or larger.

52
...

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lQ8. HVO EARTHQUAKE SUKKARY LIST PAGE 3

OIlIGI. TIKE LAE' LO' W DEPTH A"p DUll GAP IlKS KI" EIlH nz "0

YEAll KOW DA KIlKII' SEC DEG KIW DEG KIX KK HAG KAG "ll "S DEG SEC DIS .. XK pK ll

Us. SEp 2 16.3 a .•5 1921.28 '" 1.&8 6.e3 3.2 3.8 .e • 17< .12 3 0.' 0 .• 32 S

10 U16 6 .•9 18 55.68 15. le.61 a.62 3.1 •. 1 .. o 2 •• .10 32 1.7 2.03. L10 23&1 36.28 U 20.&9 15' 13.3. Q.O. 3 .• 3.Q .e • .0 .10 • 0.' 0.5 .0 s13 202'1 &9 .•8 19 2'1.8. 1&. &3.18 Q.01 3.0 3.2 .2 • Ul .13 • 0 .• 0.3 2'1 L

2. 212" .8.20 19 18.9" 1&!3 5 •. 17 12.3" •. 3 •. 3 .Q 3 208 .11 • 0 .• 0 .••• X

.7 7 3 12.'1. 19 19 .•0 15' 10.99 (t.e3 3.a 3.'1 51 ., 100 .10 • 0.' 0 .••3 5

OCE 3 93. 11.95 19 1 •. 12 155 27.18 13."03.1 3.3 5. • '03 .13 • 0.' 0 .••" D

• 1'15.58.82 19 11.88 15. 10.8'1 31."03.03.05'1 • ... . 12 11 0.' 1.0 .8 D• 0025.11 .0 '1.02 158 51.85 29.58 3.9 •. 3 S. "3a .11113 1.. a.s .7 D

K o 3 .3.08 19 1'1.09 ." 15.48 10.102.93.1 .. , lSl .11 • 0.' 0 .••2 5

• 1818 10 . .,2 19 54.90 15529.41 17.853.74.1 .. •lSl .11 " 0.' 1.8 4'1 I

10 233 4Q."5 19 1'1.23 ISS 25.1'1 9.84 3.0 3.8 58 • •• .15 • 0.3 0.' .5 L

13 818 28.92 19 20.62 ... "."8 8.58 3.0 3.8 58 10 .. . '0 • 0.3 0 .• 42 S

" 534 14.72 18 54.59 '" 15.32 13.08 3.0 3.8 .2 a 2.8 . Olil 3' 1 .• 1.0 .2 L

18 1445 55.'19 19 24 .•7 155 29.36 10.2. 3.5 3.8 88 • 3. .'0 , 0.3 0." 48 X

.3 331 48.84 19 20.4'1 ". 11.8'1 8."6 3.0 3.8 .9 • 7< .11 • 0.3 0 .• 44 5

•• .20 38.25 19 14.60 15" 53.33 41.41 3.2 3.0 59 62U .11 .0 1.3 1.0 47 D

31 l1i122 22 .•6 19 12.46 155 26.84 9.32 3.0 3.3 55 • 12' .17 • 0.' 0.4 48 L

.OV 11 53. 8.20 18 55.84 ". 13.30 8.85 4.0 4.a 40., 7 a,u .12 38 0 .• 0.6 31i1 L

11 5503'1.040 18 58.30 ". 13.8'1 140.262.8 :L8 38 3 238 .11 3. 1.3 1.40 33 L11 10 • 13.85 18 56.540 lSS 12.68 10.30 2.1i1 3.5 41 7 2.3 .12 38 0 .• o.e 3" L11 .. 3 U.55 19 20.5" ISS 11.26 1iI.08 3.4 3.1i1 •• • "7 .10 • 0.' 0.5 35 S

.. 1 5 56.24 19 51.'19 ". 8.8" 15.81i1 3.8 3.8 83 10 222 10 21 0 .• 1.045 X

" 1 1 58.02 19 22.25 15' 28.88 8.483.03.3.8 7 .3 .11 • 0.3 0.8 31 X

18 1435 8.99 20 9."" 15538.14 32.38 •. 0 3.5 54 8 231i1 .10 " 0.7 1.448 X

DEC 4 2134 5'1.59 19 53.73 155 22.83 8.70 3.3 3.5 408 • ." .11 • 0.' 0.3 31i1 I

7 118 18.28 1. 5.22 155 24.84 33.'14 3.1 3 .• 53 7 "3 .Olil 10 0.' 1.1 .8 L

.. 750 37.04 19 19.17 ". 13.25 9.41i1 2.1i1 3.3 540 7 127 .13 • 0.' 0 .• 43 5

.3 81. 19.24 19 16.11 155 22.88 7.87 3.2 4.0 S8 10 12. ... • 0.' 0.' .8 S.3 '1.8 18.53 19 18.16 15523.12 8.01 3.2 3.9 58 • 100 .'7 • 0.' 0.5 .. S

., 1722 11.48 19 58 . .,7 '" 5.93 34.83 •. 3 4.4 58 8 229 . 12 27 o • 1.8." X

82
Publication Summary:

Billingsley, G. H., Barnes,

of the Coconino

County, Arizona:

tions Map 1- ,

Hawaiian Volcano Observa tory personnel, 1984

C. W., and Ulrich, G. E., (in press), Geologic map

Point and Grandview Point quadrangles, Coconino

U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigascale 1:62,500.

Camp, V.A., Hooper, P.R., Swanson, D.A., and Wright, T.L., 1984, Columbia River

Basalt in Idaho: Physical and Chemical Characteristics, Flow Distribution, and Tectonic Implications: in Cenezoic Geology of Idaho,

Bill Bonnersen and Roy M. Breckinridge(eds.), Bulletin 26, Idaho

Department of Lands, Bureau of Mines and Geology, p. 55-75.

Decker, R.W., Koyanagi, R.Y., Dvorak, J.J., Lockwood, J.P., Okamura, A.T.,

Yamashita, K.M., and Tanigawa, W.R., 1984, Seismicity and ground

deformation of Mauna Loa volcano, Hawaii (abs.): 27th International

Geology Congress (Moscow) Abstracts, v. 4, Sect. 08, 09, p. 59.

Dieterich, J.H., and Okamura, A.T., 1984, Modeling surface deformation due to

coupled interactions between magma bodies and fault slip (abs.): in

Programs and Abstracts, Chapman Conference on Vertical Crustal Motion:

Measurement and Modeling, Harpers Ferry, WV, October 1984.

Dvorak, J., Okamura, A.T., English, T.T., Koyanagi, R.Y., Nakata, J.S., Sako,

M.K., Tanigawa, W.R., and Yamashita, K.M., in press, Mechanical response of the south flank of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii to intrusive

events along the rift zones: Tectonophysics, 52 ms p.

Dvorak, J.J., Okamura, A.T., Johnston, M.J.S., Mortensen, C., Mueller, R.J.,

and Furukawa, B., 1984, Tlltmeter and magnetometer measurements at

Mount St. Helens, Washington: 1980-1981: U.S. G"eol. Survey OpenFile Report 80-164, 46 p.

Dvorak, J.J. aod Okamura, A.T., 1984, Subsidence

of shield volcanoes, Hawaii (abs.):

Union, v. 65, p. 1138.

mechanics of the summit regions

Eos, Trans•• Am. Geophys.

Dvorak, J.J•• and Okamura, A.T., 1984,Vertical ground movement associated with

volcanism in Hawaii (abs.): in Programs and Abstracts, Chapman

Conference on Vertical Crustal Motion: Measurement and Modeling.

Harpers Ferry, WV. October 1984.

Dzurisin, D., Koyanagi, R. Y., English, T.T., 1984, Magma supply and storage at

Kilauea volcano, Hawaii, 1956-1983. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 21, p. 177-206.

Edwards, Ka thleen. Sanchez, E. M., and Ulrich, G. E., 1984, Landsa t vertical

image yields a stereo oblique: Geotimes, v. 29, n. 4, p. 10-11; reprinted in Earth Science, v. 37, n. 4, p. 18-19.

Garcia, M.O., Byers. C.D., Wolfe, E. W., and Rhodes, J .M., 1984, Chemistry

and mineralogy of lavas from the continuing eruption of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii (abs.): Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union,

v. 65, p. 1130.

83
Greenland, L.P., 1984, Gas

volcano, Hawaii:

composition of the January 1983 eruption of

Geochim. Cosmochima Acta, v. 48, p.193-195.

Kilauea

Greenland, L.P.,

Hawaii

1984, Eruptive gases from Mauna

(abs.): 1984 Int. Chern. Congr.

Loa and Kilauea volcanoes,

Pac. Bas. Soc., Honolulu.

Greenland, L.P., and Aruscavage, P., 1984, Volcanic emission of Se, Te, and

As: Dir. App., subm. J. Volcano Geoth. Res.

Greenland, L.P., Casadevall, T.J., and Stokea, J.B., 1984, Emission

C02 and S02 from Kilauea volcano, Hawaii: Dir. App., subm.

ra te of

Na ture.

Greenland, L.P., Okamura, A.T., and Stokes, J.B., in press, Contraints on the

mechanics of eruption of PUIU 0'0: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper

Heliker, C.C., Johnson, Arthur, and Hodges, S.M., 1984, The Nisqually Glacier,

Mount Rainier, Washington, 1857-1979: A summary of the long-term

observations and a comprehensive bibliography: U.S. Geological Survey

Open-File Report 83-541, 14 p.

Heliker, C. Christina, 1984,

Helens, Washing ton:

thesis, 185 p.

Inclusions in the 1980-83 dacite of Mount St.

Western Washington University, unpublished M.S.

Helz, R.T., Banks, N.G., Casadevall, T.J., Fiske, R.S., and Moore, R.B.,

1984, A ca talogue of drill core recovered from Kilauea Iki lava lake

from 1967 to 1979: U.S. Geo!. Survey Open-File Report 84-0484.

Hoffmann, J.P., Ulrich, G.E., and ChadWick, W.W., 1984,

on the east rift zone, Kilauea volcano (abs.):

American Geophysical Union, v. 65, p. 1131.

Geodetic Measurements

EOS, Transactions of

Jackson, D.B., Kauahikaua, J., Zablocki, C.J., in press, Resistivity monitoring

of an active volcano using the controlled-source electromagnetic technique: Kilauea Hawaii: Journal of Geophysical Research.

Kauahikaua, J., Jackson, D.B., Zablocki, C.J. in press, The subsurface resistivity structure of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii: JHournal of Geophysical

Research.

Koyanagi, R.Y., Endo, E.Y., Tanigawa, W.R., Nakata, J.S., Tomori, A.H., Tamura,

P.N., 1984. Kaoiki, Hawaii Earthquake of November 16, 1983: A

preliminary compilation of seismographic data at the Hawaiian Volcano

Observatory. In review of U.S.G.S. Open-file Report 84-798, 35 pages.

Koyanagi, R.Y., and Kojima, G., Evaluation of the radio-telemetered seismic

network at Merapi Volcano Observatory, August, 1984. (Administrative

report sent to office of International Geology, 1984).

Lipman, P.W., and Banks, N.G. (in press), A'a flow dynamics, Mauna Loa 1984:

U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1350.

84
Lockwood, J.P., 1984, Review of "Cooke-Ravian volume of volcanological papers":

American Mineralogist, v. 69, n. 4, p. 819.

Lockwood, J.P., 1984,

Quadrangle:

1:24,000.

Geologic map of

U.S. Geological

Mauna Loa volcano, Hawa 11 -- Kulan!

Survey Open-File Report 84-12, scale

Lockwood, J.P., Decker, R.W., Jackson, D.B., Koyanegi, R.Y., Okamura, A.T.,

and Johnson, D.J., 1984, The 1984 eruption of Mauna Loa volcano,

Hawaii (abs.): American Geophyaical Union Transactions, v. ,n.

p.

Lockwood, J.P., Decker, R.W., Jackson, D.B., Koyanagi, R.Y., Okamura, A.T.,

and Johnson, D.J., 1984, The 1984 Eruption of Mauna Loa, Hawaii

(aba.): Eos, Trans., Am. Geophys. Union, v. 65, p. 1137.

Mangan, H., and Wright, T.L., 1984. Regional correlation of Grande Ronde

Basalt Flows, Columbia River Basalt Group (abs.): Eos, v. 65, p. 1153.

McClelland, L., and Wolfe, E.W., 198-, The eruption of Kilauea Volcano,

Hawaii, January-July 1983: McGraw-HUl Encyclopedia of Science 1985

Yearbook. (approved fall 1983).

Nakata, J.S., Tomod, A.H., Koyanagi,

Volcano Observa tory Summary

1983.

R.Y., Tanigawa, R.W., 1984.

83, Seismic Data January to

Hawaiian

December

Okamura, A.T., Dvorak, J.J., Sako, M.K., Hanatani, R.Y., Johnson, D.J., and

Yamashita, K.M., 1984, Surface deformation associated with the March

25-AprU 15, 1984, Mauna Loa eruption (abs.): Eos, Trans., Am.

Geophys. Union, v. 64, p. 1137.

Sako, M. and Jackson, 0.8., 1984, Deformation report on Pagan Volcano: Report

submitted to Pedro Tenorio, Governor, Commonwealth of the Northern

Marianas.

Tanaka, K.L., Shoemaker, E.M., Ulrich, G.E., and Wolfe, E.W.,

of volcanism in the San Francsico volcanic field, Arizona:

Society of America Bulletin, in preas, 44 ma pg. Branch

(Astrogeology) August 27, 1984.

Migra tion

Geological

Chief app.

Ulrich,

Ulrich,

Ulrich,

G.E., Approved for the Director 12/6/84, SP Mountain cinder cone Crater

and lava flow, northern Arizona: GeoI. Soc. of Am. Guide to 100 Localities in the Rocky Mountain Area. 6 ma pages.

G.E., and Bailey, N.G., in press, Geologic map of the SP Mountain part

of the San Francisco volcanic field, Arizona: U.S. Geological

Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Map 1- , scale 1:50,000.

G. E., and Bielski, A. M., 1984, Wet Beaver Roadless Area, Arizona in

Marsh, S. P., Kropschot, S. J'J and Dickinson, R. G., eds., Wllderne88

Mineral Potential: assessment of mineral-resource potential in U.S.

Forest Service Lands studied 1964-1984: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1300, p. 123-125.

8S
Ulrich, G. E., and Bielski, A. M., 1984, West Clear Creek Roadless Area, Arizona

in Marsh, S. P., Kropschot, S. J., and Dickinson, R. G., eds., Wilderness Mineral Potential: assessment of mineral-resource potential in

U.S. Forest Service Lands studied 1964-1984: U.S. Geological Survey

Professional Paper 1300, p. 120-122.

Ulrich, G.E., Billingsley, G.H., Hereford, R., Wolfe, E.W., Nealey, L.O. and

Sutton, R.L. 1984, Geology, structure and uranium deposits of the

Flagstaff lOx 2 0 quadrangle, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investiga tions Map 1-1446. (Brief descriptive text.)

Ulrich, G.E., Wolfe, E.W., Hoffmann, J.P., and Neal, C.A., 1984, Continuing

eruption of east rift zone, Kilauea volcano, Hawaii (abs.): EOS,

Transactions of the American Geophysical Union, v. 65, p. 1130.

Wolfe, E.W., 1984, The volcanic landscape of the San Francisco volcanic field:

in Smiley, T.L., Nations, J.D., Pewe, T.L., and Schafer, J.P. (eds.),

Landscapes of Arizona -- The Geological Story, University Press of

America, Washington, D.C., p. 111-136.

Wolfe, E.W., and Light, T.D., 1984, Strawberry Crater Roadless Areas, Arizona:

in Marsh, S.P., Kropschot, S.F., and Dickinson, R.G., editors, Wilderness Mineral Potential - assessment of mineral-resource potential in

U.S. Forest Service lands studied 1964-1984: U.S. Geological Survey

Professional Paper 1300, vol. 1, p. 110-112.

Wolfe, E.W., and McColly, R.A., 1984, Arnold Mesa Road1ess Area, Arizona: in

Marsh, S.P., Kropschot, S.J., and Dickinson, R.G., editors, Wilderness Mineral Potential - assessment of mineral-resource potential in

U.S. Forest Service lands studied 1964-1984: U.S. Geological Survey

Professional Paper 1300, vol. 1, p. 48-51.

Wolfe, E.W., Ulrich, G.E., Holm, R.F., Moore, R.B., and Newhall, C.G., in

press, Geologic map of the central part of the San Francisco volcanic

field, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations

Map 1- ,1:50,000. Branch Chief app. (Central Regional Geology)

Octobers:- 1984. (Comprehensive descriptive text, 69 ms pages plus

tables. )

Worner, G., and Wright, T.L., 1984, Evidence for magma mixing within the Leacher

See magma chamber (East Eifel, Germany): Journal of Volcanology and

Geothermal Research, v. 22, p. 301-328.

Wright. T.L., 1984. Origin of Hawaiian tholeiite: a metasomatic model: Journal

of Geophysical Research, v. 89, p.3233-3252.

86