U.S. Department of Commerce

Economics and Statistics Administration

U.S. CENSUS BUREAU

Issued November 2000

American Housing Survey for the

Oakland Metropolitan Area

H170/98-64

Fiscal Year 1998

1998

Current Housing Reports

U.S. Department of Housing

and Urban Development

OFFICE OF POLICY DEVELOPMENT AND RESEARCH
This report presents data from the American Housing Survey, which was sponsored

by the U.S. Department of Housing and

Urban Development and conducted by the

U.S. Bureau of the Census. It was prepared

primarily under the direction of Ronald J.

Sepanik, Director, Housing and Demographic Analysis Division, Department of

Housing and Urban Development, and

Daniel H. Weinberg, Chief, Housing and

Household Economic Statistics Division,

U.S. Census Bureau.

Ronald J. Sepanik, assisted by Paul

Burke and David Vandenbroucke, was

responsible for overseeing the American

Housing Survey report on behalf of the

Department of Housing and Urban Development.

Within the Census Bureau, this report was

developed in the Housing and Household

Economic Statistics Division. It was prepared under the supervision of Leonard J.

Norry, Assistant Division Chief for Housing

Characteristics, by Jane M. Kneessi,

Chief, American Housing Survey Branch,

assisted by Paul P. Harple. Ester

Buckles, Mary Lynn Fessler, William L.

Hartnett, Saundra Lord, Georgina

Torres, and Barbara Williams performed

specific activities related to data collection

procedures, statistical presentation, organization of the report, and preparation of text

materials. Nicole Gardner, Ann Johnson,

and Mary S. Stultz provided statistical

assistance.

Under the direction of Chester E. Bowie,

Chief, Demographic Surveys Division,

Anne C. Jean, assisted by Gemma M.

Furno, Edward A. Hayes, Donna M.

Boteler, and Craig M. Pritzl, coordinated

the operational aspects of the American

Housing Survey. ThomasJ. Meerholz,

Assistant Division Chief, directed the systems and processing procedures. Debra

K.P. Knoll, Lisa A. Ferrer, Colette K.

Fladger, Susan K. Peters, Diana S.

Rubin, Scott W. Raudabaugh, and Diane

S. Schwartz, under the supervision of

ThomasL. Blatt, provided computer programming and processing. Isabelle

McCants and Frederick L. McKee provided clerical and keying procedures and

scheduling.

The Demographic Statistical Methods

Division, under the direction of Alan R.

Tupek, Chief, performed sampling and

reinterview and related activities. Dennis

J. Schwanz assisted by Carol Mylet and

Gayle Weant developed the sample

design, weighting, and computation of

sampling variances and standard errors.

Diane DiFulvio, Robert Rothaas,

Marilyn Dorner, Pat Marks, and the Statistical Methods Section in Statistical Methods and Quality Assurance Branch, and

Gaye Ellen Miller (National Processing

Center) implemented the sample selection

and prepared the sample controls. Pamela

McGovern and Dedrick Owens conducted the reinterview design, procedures,

analysis, and programming.

Under the direction of Richard Bitzer,

Chief, Field Division, Blair E. Russell,

assisted by Carol M. Bloxham, Byron

Crenshaw, and Theodore E. Musiker,

administered data collection and transmission.

The Technologies Management Office,

under the management of Barbara

LoPresti, Chief, provided the computer

assisted interviewing and control systems

used for field data collection. Tim

McGarvey, Robert McGrath, and Sean

McLaren provided computer programming

and systems support.

Benjamin D. Cromer, Barbara M.

Abbott, Gloria Davis, and Laurene V.

Qualls of the Administrative and Customer

Services Division, Walter C. Odom, Chief,

provided publications and printing management, graphics design and composition,

and editorial review for print and electronic

media. General direction and production

management were provided by Michael G.

Garland, Assistant Chief, and Gary J.

Lauffer, Chief, Publications Services

Branch.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
1998

American Housing Survey for the

Oakland Metropolitan Area

U.S. Department

of Commerce

Norman Y. Mineta,

Secretary

Robert L. Mallett,

Deputy Secretary

Economics and

Statistics Administration

Robert J. Shapiro,

Under Secretary for

Economic Affairs

U.S. CENSUS BUREAU

Kenneth Prewitt,

Director

Issued November 2000

Current Housing Reports H170/98-64

U.S. Department of Housing

and Urban Development

Andrew Cuomo,

Secretary

OFFICE OF POLICY

DEVELOPMENT AND

RESEARCH

Susan M. Wachter

Assistant Secretary for Policy

Development and Research
Paula J. Schneider,

Principal Associate Director

for Programs

Nancy M. Gordon,

Associate Director

for Demographic Programs

Daniel H. Weinberg,

Chief, Housing and Household

Economic Statistics Division

SUGGESTED CITATION

U.S. Census Bureau,

Current Housing Reports,

Series H170/98-64,

American Housing Survey for the

Oakland Metropolitan Area: 1998

OFFICE OF POLICY

DEVELOPMENT AND

RESEARCH

Susan M. Wachter,

Assistant Secretary

for Policy Development

and Research

Frederick J. Eggers,

Deputy Assistant Secretary

for Economic Affairs

Ronald J. Sepanik,

Director, Housing and

Demographic Analysis

Division

ECONOMICS

AND STATISTICS

ADMINISTRATION

Economics

and Statistics

Administration

Robert J. Shapiro,

Under Secretary

for Economic Affairs

U.S. CENSUS BUREAU

Kenneth Prewitt,

Director

William G. Barron,

Deputy Director
Text Page

Major Changes This Year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv

Geographical Definitions of AHS Metropolitan

Areas ...................................... v

Explanations and Cautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi

Dates of AHS Metropolitan Surveys: 1974 to

1998....................................... xiii

Tables on Total Inventory and

Vacant Units All

housing

Table

1. Introductory Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1

2. Height and Condition of Building. . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2

3. Size of Unit and Lot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3

4. Selected Equipment and Plumbing. . . . . . . . . . 1-4

5. Fuels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5

6. Housing and Neighborhood Quality . . . . . . . . . 1-6

7. Financial Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-7

Tables on Occupied Units Total

occupied Owners Renters

Black

householders1

Hispanic

householders1

Tables with standard column headings: Table

1. Introductory Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1 3-1 4-1 5-1 6-1

2. Height and Condition of Building. . . . . . . . . . . 2-2 3-2 4-2 5-2 6-2

3. Size of Unit and Lot. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3 3-3 4-3 5-3 6-3

4. Selected Equipment and Plumbing. . . . . . . . . 2-4 3-4 4-4 5-4 6-4

5. Fuels. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5 3-5 4-5 5-5 6-5

6. Failures in Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6 3-6 4-6 5-6 6-6

7. Additional Indicators of Housing Quality . . . . 2-7 3-7 4-7 5-7 6-7

8. Neighborhood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-8 3-8 4-8 5-8 6-8

9. Household Composition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-9 3-9 4-9 5-9 6-9

10. Previous Unit of Recent Movers ........... 2-10 3-10 4-10 5-10 6-10

11. Reasons for Move and Choice of Current

Residence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-11 3-11 4-11 5-11 6-11

12. Income Characteristics ................... 2-12 3-12 4-12 5-12 6-12

13. Selected Housing Costs .................. 2-13 3-13 4-13 5-13 6-13

14. Value, Purchase Price, and Source of

Down Payment . . ....................... * 3-14 * 5-14 6-14

15. Mortgage Characteristics ................. * 3-15 * 5-15 6-15

Specialized tables:

17. Rooms in Unit by Household and Unit Size,

Income, and Costs...................... 2-17 3-17 4-17 5-17 6-17

18. Square Footage by Household and Unit

Size, Income, and Costs................. 2-18 3-18 4-18 5-18 6-18

19. Detailed Tenure by Financial

Characteristics ......................... 2-19 3-19 4-19 5-19 6-19

20. Income of Families and Primary Individuals

by Selected Characteristics .............. 2-20 3-20 4-20 5-20 6-20

21. Housing Costs by Selected

Characteristics ......................... 2-21 3-21 4-21 5-21 6-21

22. Value by Selected Characteristics.......... * 3-22 * 5-22 6-22

23. Units in Structure by Selected

Characteristics ......................... 2-23 3-23 4-23 5-23 6-23

* Table not shown, it only applies to owner-occupied units.

1

Chapters on Black and Hispanic householders are shown when there are 75 or more sample cases.

Appendixes Page

A. Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-1

B. Sample Designs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-1

C. Historical Changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-1

D. Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-1

Index for Tables and Appendixes . .............. Index-1

CONTENTS

iii
Major Changes This Year

(For additional details as well as previous years’ changes, see Appendix C.)

Rooms and bedrooms. The data for the category ‘‘1 room’’ in the item ‘‘Rooms’’ and the category ‘‘None’’ in the item

‘‘Bedrooms’’ are not comparable to earlier surveys. See the topic ‘‘Rooms in unit’’ in Appendix C.

iv

U.S. Census Bureau
Geographical Definitions of AHS Metropolitan Areas

(The information in parentheses indicates where the June 30, 1998, OMB geographical definitions differ from the AHS

definitions. Use caution when comparing data for current metropolitan areas with data for the same areas in previous

survey years because the geographical definitions may have changed)

Name Square miles1

Population per

square mile1

BALTIMORE, MD 2,609.4 912.9

Anne Arundel County 416.0 1,027.1

Baltimore County 598.6 1,156.3

Carroll County 449.2 274.7

Harford County 440.4 413.6

Howard County 252.2 742.8

Queen Anne’s County 372.2 91.2

Baltimore city 80.8 9,108.0

(OMB same as AHS)

BIRMINGHAM, AL 3,187.3 263.6

Blount County 645.7 60.8

Jefferson County 1,112.7 585.5

St. Clair County 634.0 78.9

Shelby County 794.9 125.0

(OMB same as AHS)

BOSTON, MA-NH 2,481.8 1,382.4

Bristol County, MA (Part) 134.7 672.1

Essex County, MA 497.8 1,346.1

Middlesex County, MA (Part) 576.4 1,951.0

Norfolk County, MA (Part) 395.3 1,547.0

Plymouth County, MA (Part) 373.2 835.0

Suffolk County, MA 58.5 11,348.8

Boston city 48.4 11,865.4

Worcester County, MA (Part) 176.2 459.8

Rockingham County, NH (Part) 221.3 499.0

(OMB excludes Brentwood town in Rockingham

County, NH)

Bristol County, MA 134.7 672.1

Berkley town, Dighton town, Mansfield town,

Norton town, Taunton city

Essex County, MA 497.8 1,346.1

Amesbury town, Andover town, Beverly city, Boxford town, Danvers town, Essex town, Georgetown town, Gloucester city, Groveland town,

Hamilton town, Havervhill city, Ipswich town,

Lawrence city, Lynn city, Lynnfield town,

Manchester town, Marblehead town, Merrimac

town, Methuen town, Middleton town, Nahant

town, Newbury town, Newburyport city, North

Andover town, Peabody city, Rockport town, Rowley town, Salem city, Salisbury town, Saugus

town, Swampscott town, Topsfield town, Wenham

town, West Newbury town v

U.S. Census Bureau
Name Square miles1

Population per

square mile1

BOSTON, MA-NH—Con.

Middlesex County, MA 576.4 1,951.0

Acton town, Arlington town, Ashland town, Ayer

town, Bedford town, Belmont town, Boxborough

town, Burlington town, Cambridge city, Carlisle

town, Concord town, Everett city, Framingham

town, Holliston town, Hopkinton town, Hudson

town, Lexington town, Lincoln town, Littleton

town, Malden city, Marlborough city, Maynard

town, Medford city, Melrose city, Natick town,

Newton city, North Reading town, Reading town,

Sherborn town, Shirley town, Somerville city,

Stoneham town, Stow town, Sudbury town,

Townsend town, Wakefield town, Waltham city,

Watertown town, Wayland town, Weston town,

Wilmington town, Winchester town, Woburn city

Norfolk County, MA 395.3 1,547.0

Bellingham town, Braintree town, Brookline town,

Canton town, Cohasset town, Dedham town,

Dover town, Foxborough town, Franklin city, Holbrook town, Medfield town, Medway town, Millis

town, Milton town, Needham town, Norfolk town,

Norwood town, Plainville town, Quincy city, Randolph town, Sharon town, Stoughton town, Walpole town, Wellesley town, Westwood town, Weymouth town, Wrentham town

Plymouth County, MA 373.2 835.0

Brockton city, Carver town, Duxbury town,

Hanover town, Hingham town, Hull town, Kingston town, Marshfield town, Norwell town, Pembroke town, Plymouth town, Rockland town, Scituate town, Wareham town

Suffolk County, MA 58.5 11,348.8

Boston city 48.4 11,865.4

Chelsea city 2.2 13,050.0

Revere city 5.9 7,251.9

Winthrop town 2.0 9,063.5

Worcester County, MA 176.2 459.8

Berlin town, Blackstone town, Bolton town, Harvard town, Hopedale town, Lancaster town, Mendon town, Milford town, Millville town, Southborough town, Upton town

Rockingham County, NH 221.3 499.0

Atkinson town, Brentwood town, Danville town,

Derry town, East Kingston town, Hampstead

town, Kingston town, Newton town, Plaistow

town, Salem town, Sandown town, Seabrook

town, South Hampton town, Windham town

vi

U.S. Census Bureau
Name Square miles1

Population per

square mile1

CINCINNATI, OH-KY-IN 2,125.1 683.6

Boone County, KY 246.3 233.8

Campbell County, KY 151.6 553.3

Clermont County, OH 452.1 332.2

Dearborn County, IN 305.2 127.2

Hamilton County, OH 407.4 2,126.3

Kenton County, KY 162.6 873.6

Warren County, OH 399.9 284.9

(OMB includes Brown County, OH; Ohio County, IN;

and Gallatin, Grant, and Pendleton Counties, KY)

HOUSTON, TX 5,921.1 561.0

Chambers County 599.4 33.5

Fort Bend County 875.0 257.6

Harris County 1,729.0 1,630.0

Liberty County 1,159.8 45.5

Montgomery County 1,044.3 174.5

Waller County 513.6 45.5

(OMB same as AHS)

MINNEAPOLIS-ST. PAUL, MN-WI 6,064.4 418.6

Anoka County, MN 424.0 574.6

Carver County, MN 357.1 134.2

Chisago County, MN 417.7 73.1

Dakota County, MN 569.7 483.1

Hennepin County, MN 556.6 1,854.8

Isanti County, MN 439.1 59.0

Ramsey County, MN 155.8 3,117.5

Scott County, MN 356.8 162.1

Sherburne County, MN 436.6 96.1

Washington County, MN 391.7 372.4

Wright County, MN 660.8 104.0

Pierce County, WI 576.5 56.8

St. Croix County, WI 722.0 69.6

(OMB same as AHS)

NORFOLK-VIRGINIA BEACHNEWPORT NEWS, VA-NC2,348.6 614.5

Gloucester County, VA 216.6 139.1

Isle of Wight County, VA 315.9 79.3

James City County, VA 142.9 243.9

Mathews County, VA 85.7 97.4

York County, VA 105.6 401.7

Chesapeake city, VA 340.7 446.1

Hampton city, VA 51.8 2,581.9

Newport News city, VA 68.3 2,488.2

Norfolk city, VA 53.8 4,859.3

Poquoson city, VA 15.5 709.2

vii

U.S. Census Bureau
Name Square miles1

Population per

square mile1

NORFOLK-VIRGINIA BEACHNEWPORT NEWS, VA-NC—Con.

Portsmouth city, VA 33.1 3,135.0

Suffolk city, VA 400.1 130.3

Virginia Beach city, VA 248.3 1,582.9

Williamsburg city, VA 8.6 1,339.3

Currituck County, NC 261.7 52.5

(OMB same as AHS)

OAKLAND, CA 1,457.8 1,428.8

Alameda County 737.5 1,734.5

Contra Costa County 720.3 1,115.9

(OMB same as AHS)

PROVIDENCE-PAWTUCKET-WARWICK, RI-MA 978.6 998.4

Bristol County, MA 110.9 767.6

Bristol County,RI 24.7 1,978.1

Kent County, RI 170.0 947.4

Newport County, RI 9.7 515.4

Providence County, RI 413.3 1,442.7

Washington County, RI 250.0 322.8

(OMB includes Little Compton town and Tiverton

town in Newport County, RI; and Fall River city,

Somerset town, Swansea town, and Westport town

in Bristol County, MA)

Bristol County, MA 110.9 767.6

Attleboro city, North Attleboro town, Rehoboth

town, Seekonk town

Bristol County, RI 24.7 1,978.1

Barrington town, Bristol town, Warren town

Kent County, RI 170.0 947.4

Coventry town, East Greenwich town, Warwick

city, West Greenwich town, West Warwick town

Newport County, RI 9.7 515.4

Jamestown town

Providence County, RI 413.3 1,442.7

Burrillville town, Central Falls city, Cranston city,

Cumberland town, East Providence city, Foster

town, Glocester town, Johnston town, Lincoln

town, North Providence town, North Smithfield

town, Pawtucket city, Providence city, Scituate

town, Smithfield town, Woonsocket city

Washington County, RI 250.0 322.8

Charlestown town, Exeter town, Narragansett

town, North Kingstown town, Richmond town,

South Kingstown town

viii

U.S. Census Bureau
Name Square miles1

Population per

square mile1

ROCHESTER, NY 3,425.6 310.2

Genesee County 494.1 121.5

Livingston County 632.2 98.7

Monroe County 659.3 1,082.9

Ontario County 644.4 147.6

Orleans County 391.4 106.9

Wayne County 604.2 147.5

(OMB same as AHS)

SALT LAKE CITY, UT 1,617.5 662.9

Davis County 304.5 617.2

Salt Lake County 737.4 984.5

Weber County 575.6 275.1

(OMB same as AHS)

SAN FRANCISCO, CA 1,015.6 1,579.0

Marin County 519.8 442.7

San Francisco County 46.7 15,502.1

San Mateo County 449.1 1,446.5

(OMB same as AHS)

SAN JOSE, CA 1,291.2 1,159.8

Santa Clara County 1,291.2 1,159.8

(OMB same as AHS)

TAMPA-ST. PETERSBURG, FL 2,554.5 809.5

Hernando County 478.3 211.4

Hillsborough County 1,051.0 793.6

Pasco County 745.0 377.4

Pinellas County 280.2 3,039.9

(OMB same as AHS)

WASHINGTON, DC-MD-VA 5,028.4 805.2

District of Columbia 61.4 9,882.6

Alexandria city, VA 15.3 7,280.8

Arlington County, VA 25.9 6,604.9

Fairfax city, VA 6.2 3,183.5

Fairfax County, VA 395.6 2,069.3

Falls Church city, VA 2.0 4,800.1

Fauquier County, VA 650.3 75.0

Fredericksburg city, VA 10.5 1,809.5

Loudoun County, VA 519.9 165.7

Manassas city, VA 10.0 2,795.7

Manassas Park city, VA 1.8 3,741.1

Prince William County, VA 338.4 637.3

Spotsylvania County, VA 400.9 143.2

Stafford County, VA 270.0 226.8

ix

U.S. Census Bureau
Name Square miles1

Population per

square mile1

WASHINGTON, DC-MD-VA—Con.

Calvert County, MD 215.2 238.7

Charles County, MD 461.1 219.4

Frederick County, MD 662.9 226.6

Montgomery County, MD 494.6 1,530.7

Prince George’s County, MD 486.4 1,499.3

(OMB includes Clarke, Culpepper, King George and

Warren Counties, VA; and Berkley and Jefferson

Counties, WV)

1

Source code: 1990 Census of Population and Housing

x

U.S. Census Bureau
Explanations and Cautions

EXPLANATIONS

Survey authority and confidentiality. The U.S. Census

Bureau conducts the American Housing Survey (AHS) to

obtain up-to-date housing statistics for the Department of

Housing and Urban Development (HUD). Title 12, Sections

1701Z-1 and 1701Z-2g of the U.S. Code authorize the Secretary of HUD to collect data from public and private agencies and protect the confidentiality of the data. Title 12,

Section 1701Z-10 mandates the collection of the data for

the AHS. The guarantee of confidentiality made to respondents is provided by the Census Bureau. Title 13, Section

9a, of the U.S. Code provides that all information which

would permit identification of individuals will be held in

strict confidence. Such information may be seen only by

sworn Census Bureau employees and may be used only

for statistical purposes. Section 214 of Title 13 sets penalties for disclosing confidential information. Unauthorized

disclosure of individual information by a sworn Census

Bureau employee is punishable by a fine of up to $5,000

or imprisonment of up to 5 years, or both. The Census

Bureau is authorized under Title 31, Section 1535 of the

U.S. Code, to perform specialwork or services for other

Federalagencies.

Contents of book. This book presents data on apartments; single-family homes; mobile homes; vacant housing units; age, sex, and race of householders; income;

housing and neighborhood quality; housing costs; equipment and fuels; and size of the housing units. The book

also presents data on mortgages, rent control, rent subsidies, previous unit of recent movers, and reasons for moving.

Scope of the survey. The AHS is conducted by field representatives who obtain information from occupants of

homes. They get information on vacant homes from

informed people such as landlords, rental agents, or

knowledgeable neighbors. The time periods involved varied among the metropolitan areas, although the majority

of the interviewing occurred in the second half of the year.

The sample sizes for the metropolitan areas range from

4,400 to 4,800 addresses. See Appendix B for details.

CAUTIONS

Sampling and nonsampling errors. The numbers in

this book have errors from sampling and other causes

(incomplete data, wrong answers, etc.). Appendix D gives

detailed formulas to calculate sampling errors for a wide

range of items. Appendix D also gives some estimates of

nonsampling errors.

Undercoverage. All demographic surveys, including the

American Housing Survey-Metropolitan Sample (AHS-MS),

suffer from undercoverage. This undercoverage results

from missed housing units and missed persons within

sample households. Compared to the level of the 1990

decennialcensus, housing-unit undercoverage ranges by

metropolitan statistical area (MSA) from less than 1 percent to 4.4 percent. This undercoverage also varies by

age, ethnicity, and race of householder; however, estimates of undercoverage for these characteristics are

unavailable. For some, household composition (e.g., persons per household), persons per room, square feet per

person, and income characteristics, AHS-MS estimates are

affected by missed persons within sample households. We

do not know the effect of this within-household undercoverage on these characteristics. The weighting procedures

used for AHS-MS partially correct for the bias due to

housing-unit undercoverage, but not within-household

undercoverage. The finalimpact on estimates is unknown.

For details on the weighting, see Appendix B.

Income and poverty. Historically, the AHS underreports

income and overreports poverty when compared with the

Current Population Survey (CPS). Both surveys underreport

income and consequently overreport poverty when compared with tax returns and nationalincome accounts. The

AHS households mention fewer sources of income than

those in the CPS sample. The poverty data in the AHS are

not published as an official count of households in poverty, but to show the housing characteristics of lowincome households. For a discussion of income and poverty, see Appendix C.

A detailed discussion of AHS income data is presented

in the Census Bureau memorandum for the record, ‘‘Comparison of 1989 AHS and CPS Income Reporting.’’ The

memorandum for the record, ‘‘AHS Poverty Data, 1985 to

1993,’’ presents a detailed discussion of AHS poverty data.

Copies of both memoranda can be obtained by writing to

the Housing and Household Economic Statistics Division

(HHES), at the address given in Table A.

DATA AVAILABILITY

The AHS data are presented nationally as well as for

major selected metropolitan areas (see Table A). Table A

shows the sources for obtaining AHS data, the product

xi

U.S. Census Bureau
available, and the pricing for each product. Each source or

organization sets its own charges, so prices may vary

among the sources. For the data user whose needs are not

met by the book tabulations (printed books), microdata

are available on tapes and CD-ROMs so that data can be

tabulated in any way desired. Microdata are also available

on the Internet. Contact HHES for more details. To protect

the confidentiality of the respondent; names, addresses,

and areas smaller than 100,000 people are not identified.

The sample design generally will not support analysis for

areas smaller than those shown in the books.

Table A. Sources for American Housing Survey Data

Source Telephone Books Microdata

HUD USER 800-245-2691 National and Metropolitan National and Metropolitan

Box 6091 301-519-5154 $5 CD-ROMs $50

Rockville, MD 20850 TDD 800-483-2209 1997 CD-ROM $15

Fax 301-519-5767

Customer Services 301-457-4100 Metropolitan National and Metropolitan

U.S. Census Bureau TDD 301-457-4714, general $10-$20 Tapes (back to late 1970s) $175

Washington, DC 20233 information CD-ROMs $50

Fax 1-888-249-7295, toll free 1997 CD-ROM $15

Fax 301-457-3842, orders only

Superintendent of Documents1 202-512-1800 National

Washington, DC 20402-9326 Fax 202-512-2250 $20-$51

Housing and Household Economic 301-457-3235 Analytical reports

Statistics Division (HHES) Fax 301-457-3277 H121, H123

U.S. Census Bureau $2-$10

Washington, DC 20233

National Archives 301-713-6630 National and Metropolitan

Tapes (1974-1988)

$90 for first tape;

$24.50 each, for additional tapes

Internet: (Type address in lower case.)

Electronic Subscription Service: National, Metropolitan

www.census.gov/mp/www/index2.html Analytical

All reports published since 1996

Free

American Housing Survey Home Page: 1993, 1995 National

www.census.gov/hhes/www/ahs.html Free

HUD USER Home Page: 1995 and later National and

www.huduser.org Metropolitan

Free

1

Ask for U.S. Census Bureau series H150 and H151. Depository libraries may order Superintendent of Documents prefix C3.215. Libraries often

keep national books in a special catalog and section for U.S. Government documents. Metropolitan reports may be located in the general catalog,

since these are not published by the Superintendent of Documents.

xii

U.S. Census Bureau
Dates of AHS Metropolitan Surveys: 1974 to 1998

(A book for each survey is published about 12 months later)

Area 1995-*

1998

1992-

1994

1988-

1991

1984-

1987

1981-

1983 1980

1977-

1979

1974-

1976

Albany-Schenectady-Troy, NY** − − − − − 80 77 74

Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ** − − − − − 80 − 76

Anaheim-Santa Ana, CA PMSA** − 94 90 86 81 − 77 74

Atlanta, GA MSA 96 − 91 87 82 − 78 75

Baltimore, MD MSA 98 − 91 87 83 − 79 76

Birmingham, AL MSA 98 92 88 84 − 80 − 76

Boston, MA-NH CMSA 98 93 89 85 81 − 77 74

Buffalo, NY CMSA** − 94 88 84 − − 79 76

Charlotte, NC-SC MSA 95 −−−−−− −

Chicago, IL PMSA 95 − 91 87 83 − 79 75

Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN PMSA** 98 − 90 86 82 − 78 75

Cleveland, OH PMSA** 96 92 88 84 − − 79 76

Colorado Springs, CO** − − − − − − 78 75

Columbus, OH MSA 95 − 91 87 82 − 78 75

Dallas, TX PMSA** − 94 89 85 81 − 77 74

Denver, CO MSA 95 − 90 86 83 − 79 76

Detroit, MI PMSA 95 93 89 85 81 − 77 74

Fort Worth-Arlington, TX PMSA − 94 89 85 81 − 77 74

Grand Rapids, MI** − − − − − 80 − 76

Hartford, CT MSA 96 − 91 87 83 − 79 75

Honolulu, HI** − − − − 83 − 79 76

Houston, TX (new sample in 1987) PMSAs 98 − 91 87 83 − 79 76

Indianapolis, IN MSA** 96 92 88 84 − 80 − 76

Kansas City, MO-KS MSA 95 − 90 86 82 − 78 75

Las Vegas, NV** − − − − − − 79 76

Los Angeles-Long Beach, CA PMSA** 95 − 89 85 − 80 77 74

Louisville, KY-IN** − − − − 83 80 − 76

Madison, WI** − − − − 81 − 77 75

Memphis, TN-AR-MS MSA 96 92 88 84 − 80 77 74

Miami-Ft. Lauderdale, FL CMSA 95 − 90 86 83 − 79 75

Milwaukee, WI PMSA** − 94 88 84 − − 79 75

Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN-WI MSA 98 93 89 85 81 − 77 74

New Orleans, LA MSA 95 − 90 86 82 − 78 75

New York-Nassau-Suffolk-Orange, NY

PMSAs 95 − 91 87 83 80 − 76

Newark, NJ (now covered by Northern NJ)** − − − − 81 − 77 74

Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News, VA

MSA − 92 88 84 − − 78 75

Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News,

VA-NC 98 −−−−−− −

xiii

U.S. Census Bureau
(A book for each survey is published about 12 months later)

Area 1995-*

1998

1992-

1994

1988-

1991

1984-

1987

1981-

1983 1980

1977-

1979

1974-

1976

Northern NJ PMSAs 95 − 91 87 −−− −

Oakland, CA PMSA*** 98 −−−−−− −

Oklahoma City, OK MSA 96 92 88 84 − 80 − 76

Omaha, NE-IA** −−−−−− 79 76

Orlando, FL** −−−− 81 − 77 74

Paterson-Clifton-Passaic, NJ (now covered

by Northern NJ)** −−−− 82 − 78 75

Philadelphia, PA-NJ PMSA** 95 − 89 85 82 − 78 75

Phoenix, AZ MSA** − 94 89 85 81 − 77 74

Pittsburgh, PA MSA 95 − 90 86 81 − 77 74

Portland, OR-WA PMSA 95 − 90 86 83 − 79 75

Providence-Pawtucket-Warwick, RI-MA

PMSAs 98 92 88 84 − 80 − 76

Raleigh, NC** −−−−−− 79 76

Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA

PMSA** − 94 90 86 82 − 78 75

Rochester, NY MSA 98 − 90 86 82 − 78 75

Sacramento, CA PMSA 96 −−− 83 80 − 76

Saginaw, MI** −−−−− 80 77 74

St. Louis, MO-IL MSA 96 − 91 87 83 80 − 76

Salt Lake City, UT MSA 98 92 88 84 − 80 77 74

San Antonio, TX MSA 95 − 90 86 82 − 78 75

San Diego, CA MSA** − 94 91 87 82 − 78 75

San Francisco, CA PMSA*** 98 −−−−−− −

San Francisco-Oakland, CA PMSAs – 93 89 85 82 − 78 75

San Jose, CA PMSA 98 93 88 84 −−− −

Seattle-Everett, WA PMSA 96 − −− 83 − 79 76

Seattle-Tacoma, WA − − 91 87 −−− −

Spokane, WA −−−− 81 − 77 74

Springfield-Chicopee-Holyoke, MA-CT** −−−−−− 78 75

Tacoma, WA** −−−− 81 − 77 74

Tampa-St. Petersburg, FL MSA 98 93 89 85 −−− −

Washington, DC-MD-VA MSA 98 93 89 85 81 − 77 74

Wichita, KS** −−−− 81 − 77 74

* No areas surveyed for 1997.

** Same area since beginning. All other areas change boundaries over time; see map or list of counties in each report.

*** Formerly with San Francisco-Oakland, CA PMSAs.

− Not applicable.

xiv

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 1~1. Introductory CharacteristicsmAll Housing Units

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Year~round

Occupied Vacant

Total

housing

units

Sea~

sonal Total Total Owner Renter Total

For

rent

Rental

vacan~

cy rate

For

sale

only

Rent~

ed or

sold

Occa~

sional

use/

URE

Other

vacant

New

con~

struc~

tion

4 years

Mobile

homes

Total 895.0 ................................ 1.8 893.2 855.7 508.6 347.1 37.6 18.2 5.0 4.2 3.2 6.2 5.8 32.4 16.6

Units in Structure

1, detached 550.5 .................................. 1.2 549.3 536.7 424.4 112.3 12.6 3.2 2.8 2.8 1.4 2.6 2.6 26.6 ... 1, attached 91.7 ................................... – 91.7 86.2 41.1 45.1 5.5 3.2 6.6 .4 .2 1.0 .8 4.0 ... 2 to 4 86.1 ....................................... – 86.1 81.0 15.5 65.4 5.2 2.2 3.2 .2 .2 1.0 1.6 .4 ... 5 to 9 50.3 ....................................... .2 50.1 47.5 6.0 41.5 2.6 1.6 3.7 .4 .2 .2 .2 – ... 10 to 19 35.7 ..................................... .2 35.5 31.6 3.0 28.6 3.8 2.8 8.9 – .2 .4 .4 .2 ... 20 to 49 32.5 ..................................... .2 32.3 28.7 2.0 26.7 3.6 2.8 9.4 .2 .2 .4 – .6 ... 50 or more 31.7 ................................... – 31.7 27.7 3.0 24.7 4.0 2.4 8.6 .2 .8 .4 .2 .2 ... Mobile home or trailer 16.6 ......................... – 16.6 16.3 13.5 2.8 .3 – – – – .3 – .3 16.6

Cooperatives and Condominiums

Cooperatives 10.5 ................................. – 10.5 10.1 8.0 2.1 .4 – – .2 – .2 – .4 – Condominiums 69.4 ............................... .2 69.2 65.2 42.3 22.9 4.0 1.2 5.0 .8 .2 1.0 .8 2.7 –

Year Structure Built1

2000 to 2004 – ................................. –––– – – – – – – – – ... – 1995 to 1999 29.9 ................................. .2 29.7 27.6 25.0 2.7 2.0 1.1 28.3 .2 .6 .2 – 29.9 .3 1990 to 1994 44.7 ................................. – 44.7 43.1 32.7 10.4 1.6 1.0 8.7 .2 .2 – .2 2.5 1.2 1985 to 1989 75.4 ................................. – 75.4 70.3 46.3 24.1 5.1 3.3 12.2 .4 – 1.2 .2 ... 1.9 1980 to 1984 41.9 ................................. – 41.9 41.9 27.6 14.3 – – – – – – – ... – 1975 to 1979 72.4 ................................. – 72.4 71.6 43.6 28.0 .8 – – .4 .2 – .2 ... 4.7 1970 to 1974 82.7 ................................. .2 82.5 79.8 41.5 38.3 2.8 .8 2.0 .4 .4 1.0 .2 ... 2.8 1960 to 1969 169.7 ................................. .2 169.5 160.6 94.9 65.7 8.9 5.0 7.1 .8 .4 1.3 1.4 ... 5.0 1950 to 1959 147.1 ................................. .6 146.6 142.2 84.2 58.0 4.3 2.2 3.6 1.4 .2 .2 .4 ... – 1940 to 1949 85.4 ................................. .2 85.2 81.5 44.7 36.7 3.8 1.6 4.1 – .2 .8 1.2 ... .6 1930 to 1939 56.5 ................................. .2 56.3 53.3 24.1 29.2 3.0 .8 2.7 .2 .4 .6 1.0 ... – 1920 to 1929 45.2 ................................. – 45.2 43.4 25.1 18.3 1.8 .2 1.1 – .6 .6 .4 ... – 1919 or earlier 44.0 ................................ .2 43.8 40.3 19.0 21.3 3.4 2.2 9.4 .2 – .4 .6 ... – Median 1964 ...................................... ... 1964 1964 1966 1962 1963 1964 ... ... ... 1964 1947 ... 1975

Suitability for Year~Round Use2

Built and heated for year~round use 894.4 ............. 1.2 893.2 855.7 508.6 347.1 37.6 18.2 5.0 4.2 3.2 6.2 5.8 32.4 16.6

Not suitable .6 .................................. .6 – – – – – – – – – – – – –

Not reported – ................................. –––– ––––––––– –

Time Sharing

Vacant, including URE ... ................. 1.8 ... ... ... ... 37.6 18.2 ... 4.2 3.2 6.2 5.8 2.2 .3 Ownership time~shared ... ........................ – ... ... ... ... – – ... – – – – – – Not time~shared ... .............................. 1.8 ... ... ... ... 37.6 18.2 ... 4.2 3.2 6.2 5.8 2.2 .3

Duration of Vacancy

Vacant units ... .......................... 1.0 ... ... ... ... 32.7 18.2 ... 4.2 3.2 1.4 5.8 1.8 –

Less than 1 month vacant ... ...................... – ... ... ... ... 11.7 8.4 ... 1.0 1.0 .2 1.2 .4 –

1 month up to 2 months ... ....................... .2 ... ... ... ... 4.4 3.0 ... .2 .6 – .6 – –

2 months up to 6 months ... ...................... .2 ... ... ... ... 5.0 2.8 ... 1.2 .2 .4 .4 – –

6 months up to 1 year ... ......................... .4 ... ... ... ... 3.4 1.8 ... .6 .2 – .8 .2 –

1 year up to 2 years ... ........................... – ... ... ... ... 2.2 .8 ... .4 .2 .2 .6 – –

2 years or more ... .............................. – ... ... ... ... 4.4 .8 ... .4 .4 .6 2.2 – –

Never occupied ... ............................... .2 ... ... ... ... 1.6 .7 ... .4 .6 – – 1.2 –

Don’t know ... ................................... – ... ... ... ... – – ... – – – – – –

Last Used as a Permanent Residence

Vacant seasonal ... ...................... 1.8 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .2 –

Less than 1 month since occupied as permanent

home ... ....................................... – ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... – –

1 month up to 2 months ... ....................... .2 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... – –

2 months up to 6 months ... ...................... – ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... – –

6 months up to 1 year ... ......................... .2 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... – –

1 year up to 2 years ... ........................... – ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... – –

2 years or more ... .............................. .8 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... – –

Never occupied as permanent home ... ............ .4 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .2 –

Don’t know ... ................................... .2 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... – –

Not reported ... ................................. – ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... – –

Homes Currently for Sale or Rent

Up for rent only ... ............................... ... ... ... .5 ... ... 16.7 ... – ... 2.0 – 1.0 –

Up for rent or for sale ... .......................... ... ... ... – ... ... 1.5 ... – ... .4 – – – For sale only ... ................................. ... ... ... 6.3 ... ... – ... 4.2 ... .4 – .2 .3 Not on the market ... ............................. ... ... ... 473.2 ... ... – ... – ... 3.5 5.8 26.4 12.9 Not reported ... ................................. ... ... ... 28.6 ... ... – ... – ... – – 1.6 .6

1For mobile home, oldest category is 1939 or earlier.

2If occupied year~round, assumed to be suitable for year~round use.

AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998 1

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 1~2. Height and Condition of BuildingmAll Housing Units

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Year~round

Occupied Vacant

Total

housing

units

Sea~

sonal Total Total Owner Renter Total

For

rent

Rental

vacan~

cy rate

For

sale

only

Rent~

ed or

sold

Occa~

sional

use/

URE

Other

vacant

New

con~

struc~

tion

4 years

Mobile

homes

Total 895.0 ................................ 1.8 893.2 855.7 508.6 347.1 37.6 18.2 5.0 4.2 3.2 6.2 5.8 32.4 16.6

Stories in Structure1

1 ... ........................................... .6 ... ... 260.2 141.9 ... 6.3 4.2 1.6 .8 2.9 2.8 9.5 ... 2 ... ........................................... .6 ... ... 189.6 135.3 ... 5.0 3.5 2.0 1.4 1.8 2.4 20.0 ... 3 ... ........................................... .4 ... ... 37.4 48.6 ... 4.1 7.9 .2 .2 1.0 .4 2.5 ... 4 to 6 ... ....................................... .2 ... ... 6.8 13.5 ... 2.0 12.7 .2 .2 .2 – – ... 7 or more ... .................................... – ... ... 1.1 5.0 ... .8 13.1 .2 .6 – .2 – ...

Stories Between Main and Apartment

Entrances

Multiunits, 2 or more floors ... ............. .6 ... ... 23.7 163.4 ... 10.7 6.1 1.0 1.6 2.0 2.0 1.0 ...

None (on same floor) ... .......................... – ... ... 10.9 52.2 ... 1.8 3.3 .4 .4 .8 .6 .4 ...

1 (up or down) ... ................................ .6 ... ... 7.4 57.0 ... 3.8 6.2 .4 .4 .6 1.0 .2 ...

2 or more (up or down) ... ........................ – ... ... 5.5 54.2 ... 5.1 8.6 .2 .8 .6 .4 .4 ...

Common Stairways

Multiunits, 2 or more floors ... ............. .6 ... ... 23.7 163.4 ... 10.7 6.1 1.0 1.6 2.0 2.0 1.0 ...

No common stairways ... ......................... – ... ... 4.5 12.7 ... .6 4.6 .2 – .4 – .2 ...

With common stairways ... ....................... .6 ... ... 16.8 140.8 ... 9.9 6.5 .8 1.6 1.6 1.6 .8 ...

No loose steps ... ............................. .4 ... ... 14.9 119.3 ... 7.5 5.9 .8 1.6 1.2 .8 .4 ...

Railings not loose ... ......................... .4 ... ... 13.8 102.1 ... 6.6 6.0 .8 1.6 .8 .6 .4 ...

Railings loose ... ............................ – ... ... .2 11.2 ... .8 6.6 – – .4 .2 – ...

No railings ... ............................... – ... ... .9 4.3 ... – – – – – – – ...

Status of railings not reported ... .............. – ... ... – 1.8 ... .2 9.9 – – – – – ...

Loose steps ... ................................ .2 ... ... 1.9 21.4 ... 2.4 10.0 – – .4 .8 .4 ...

Railings not loose ... ......................... – ... ... 1.7 15.9 ... 1.8 10.2 – – .4 .2 .4 ...

Railings loose ... ............................ .2 ... ... .2 4.6 ... .6 11.2 – – – .6 – ...

No railings ... ............................... – ... ... – .6 ... – – – – – – – ...

Status of railings not reported ... .............. – ... ... – .2 ... – – – – – – – ...

Status of stairways not reported ... ................ – ... ... 2.5 10.0 ... .2 1.9 – – – .4 – ...

Light Fixtures in Public Halls

2 or more units in structure ... ............. .6 ... ... 29.6 186.8 ... 11.7 5.9 1.0 1.6 2.4 2.4 1.5 ...

No public halls ... ................................ .2 ... ... 6.0 25.0 ... 1.4 5.3 .4 .2 – .4 – ...

No light fixtures in public halls ... .................. – ... ... .5 4.1 ... .4 8.7 – – – – .2 ...

All in working order ... ............................ .2 ... ... 18.3 127.7 ... 8.2 6.0 .6 1.2 2.4 .8 1.3 ...

Some in working order ... ......................... .2 ... ... .7 8.3 ... .2 2.2 – – – – – ...

None in working order ... ......................... – ... ... .4 7.4 ... .8 9.8 – – – .6 – ...

Not reported ... ................................. – ... ... 3.8 14.4 ... .8 5.3 – .2 – .6 – ...

Elevator on Floor

Multiunits, 2 or more floors ... ............. .6 ... ... 23.7 163.4 ... 10.7 6.1 1.0 1.6 2.0 2.0 1.0 ... With 1 or more elevators working ... ............... – ... ... 4.8 31.2 ... 3.2 9.1 .4 .8 .6 .2 .2 ... With elevator, none in working condition ... ......... – ... ... – 1.9 ... .6 23.4 – – – – .2 ... No elevator ... .................................. .6 ... ... 19.0 130.3 ... 6.9 5.0 .6 .8 1.4 1.8 .6 ... Units 3 or more floors from main entrance ... ...... – ... ... .2 4.1 ... 1.0 19.6 – – .2 – .2 ...

Foundation

1 unit bldg. excl. mobile homes ... ......... 1.2 ... ... 465.5 157.4 ... 6.4 3.9 3.2 1.6 3.5 3.4 30.6 ...

With basement under all of building ... ............. – ... ... 20.6 9.8 ... .2 2.0 .2 .2 .2 – .2 ...

With basement under part of building ... ............ .2 ... ... 34.4 6.3 ... – – .2 – .2 .4 .4 ...

With crawl space ... ............................. .2 ... ... 258.7 60.5 ... 1.6 2.6 2.2 .4 1.0 1.2 4.9 ...

On concrete slab ... ............................. .4 ... ... 142.7 72.4 ... 4.2 5.5 .6 1.0 2.0 1.6 24.6 ...

Other ... ....................................... .4 ... ... 9.1 8.4 ... .4 4.5 – – .2 .2 .5 ...

External Building Conditions2

Sagging roof 35.0 ................................. .2 34.8 31.7 13.7 18.0 3.1 1.4 7.2 .2 – .3 1.2 .2 2.4 Missing roofing material 51.4 ....................... .2 51.2 47.3 25.8 21.5 3.9 2.4 10.1 .2 – .3 1.0 .4 .9 Hole in roof 35.5 .................................. – 35.5 32.7 16.3 16.4 2.9 1.4 7.8 .2 – .3 1.0 .4 1.5 Missing bricks, siding, other outside wall material 35.7 . .4 35.3 32.1 12.0 20.1 3.2 1.8 8.2 – – .2 1.2 .6 .6 Sloping outside walls 27.5 .......................... .2 27.3 25.3 10.6 14.7 2.1 .8 5.0 – – .5 .8 .2 1.8 Boarded up windows 16.8 .......................... – 16.8 12.4 3.8 8.6 4.4 1.8 17.2 .2 .4 – 2.0 .2 .6 Broken windows 49.1 .............................. – 49.1 44.9 20.1 24.8 4.2 1.8 6.7 .2 .4 – 1.8 .7 1.0 Bars on windows 75.5 ............................. – 75.5 70.3 30.1 40.2 5.2 3.6 8.1 .4 .2 .6 .4 .2 .3 Foundation crumbling or has open crack or hole 33.1 .. .4 32.7 31.1 16.1 15.1 1.6 .6 3.8 .2 – .2 .6 – .9 None of the above 593.0 ............................ 1.2 591.8 568.7 370.1 198.6 23.1 10.6 5.1 3.4 2.2 4.4 2.6 28.4 11.1 Not reported 53.7 ................................. – 53.7 52.7 33.2 19.5 1.0 – – – – .6 .4 2.3 1.2

Site Placement

Mobile homes ... ........................ – ... ... 13.5 2.8 ... – – – – .3 – .3 16.6

First site ... ..................................... – ... ... 8.9 1.5 ... – – – – .3 – .3 10.7 Moved from another site ... ....................... – ... ... .9 .3 ... – – – – – – – 1.2 Don’t know ... ................................... – ... ... 3.1 1.0 ... – – – – – – – 4.1 Not reported ... ................................. – ... ... .6 – ... – – – – – – – .6

1Figures exclude mobile homes.

2Figures may not add to total because more than one category may apply to a unit.

2 AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 1~3. Size of Unit and LotmAll Housing Units

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Year~round

Occupied Vacant

Total

housing

units

Sea~

sonal Total Total Owner Renter Total

For

rent

Rental

vacan~

cy rate

For

sale

only

Rent~

ed or

sold

Occa~

sional

use/

URE

Other

vacant

New

con~

struc~

tion

4 years

Mobile

homes

Total 895.0 ................................ 1.8 893.2 855.7 508.6 347.1 37.6 18.2 5.0 4.2 3.2 6.2 5.8 32.4 16.6

Rooms

1 room 8.3 ...................................... .4 7.9 5.9 .4 5.5 2.0 1.0 15.4 .2 – .4 .4 – – 2 rooms 12.8 ..................................... .2 12.6 11.2 2.5 8.7 1.4 .6 6.4 .2 .2 – .4 .2 .7 3 rooms 117.3 ..................................... – 117.3 107.7 9.5 98.2 9.6 7.4 7.0 – .6 .8 .8 1.5 3.5 4 rooms 177.9 ..................................... .2 177.7 166.9 47.2 119.8 10.7 4.8 3.8 .6 .8 2.2 2.4 2.4 5.0 5 rooms 178.3 ..................................... .2 178.1 171.9 112.0 59.9 6.2 2.6 4.2 1.2 .2 1.2 1.0 4.2 4.7 6 rooms 150.4 ..................................... .6 149.8 146.3 115.9 30.4 3.6 .8 2.5 1.0 1.2 .4 .2 6.2 2.5 7 rooms 121.7 ..................................... – 121.7 119.8 103.4 16.4 1.9 .4 2.3 .6 – .7 .2 6.5 .3 8 rooms 80.1 ..................................... – 80.1 78.6 73.8 4.7 1.6 .4 7.7 .4 – .6 .2 7.3 – 9 rooms 30.9 ..................................... – 30.9 30.5 29.4 1.1 .4 .2 15.6 – – – .2 2.9 – 10 rooms or more 17.3 ............................. .2 17.1 16.9 14.5 2.4 .2 – – – .2 – – 1.1 – Median 5.2 ...................................... ... 5.2 5.3 6.2 4.0 4.0 3.5 ... ... ... 4.4 4.0 6.8 4.3

Bedrooms

None 9.7 ........................................ .4 9.3 7.4 .9 6.5 2.0 1.0 13.4 .2 – .4 .4 – .3 1 142.0 ........................................... .2 141.9 130.7 12.7 118.0 11.2 7.8 6.2 – 1.0 1.4 1.0 1.5 4.4 2 253.8 ........................................... .2 253.6 239.1 103.1 136.0 14.5 7.2 5.0 1.6 1.0 2.2 2.6 4.0 9.7 3 308.3 ........................................... 1.0 307.3 301.2 233.8 67.4 6.1 1.2 1.8 1.4 .6 1.5 1.4 12.5 2.2 4 or more 181.2 .................................... – 181.2 177.4 158.2 19.3 3.8 1.0 4.9 1.0 .6 .8 .4 14.4 – Median 2.6 ...................................... ... 2.6 2.7 3.1 1.9 1.9 1.5 ... ... ... 2.1 2.1 3.4 1.9

Complete Bathrooms

None 15.9 ........................................ .4 15.5 12.5 5.4 7.2 3.0 .8 10.0 .4 – .8 1.0 .4 .6 1 348.4 ........................................... .4 348.0 329.1 93.1 236.0 18.9 11.4 4.6 .8 1.4 2.7 2.6 2.0 8.1 1 and one~half 95.3 ................................ .4 94.9 91.1 56.0 35.1 3.8 1.8 4.7 .8 .2 .4 .6 .7 .6 2 or more 435.5 .................................... .6 434.9 422.9 354.1 68.8 12.0 4.2 5.8 2.2 1.6 2.4 1.6 29.3 7.3

Square Footage of Unit

Single detached and mobile homes 567.1 ..... 1.2 565.9 553.0 437.9 115.1 12.9 3.2 2.7 2.8 1.4 2.9 2.6 26.9 16.6

Less than 500 9.0 ................................ – 9.0 9.0 2.5 6.5 – – – – – – – – 1.9

500 to 749 11.6 ................................... .2 11.4 10.6 3.8 6.9 .8 .2 2.8 – – – .6 .2 3.1

750 to 999 26.0 ................................... .2 25.8 24.8 14.9 9.9 1.0 .6 5.9 – – .4 – .2 1.6

1,000 to 1,499 131.9 ................................ – 131.9 127.8 96.9 31.0 4.1 .8 2.5 1.2 .6 .7 .8 3.6 5.3

1,500 to 1,999 129.3 ................................ .4 128.9 127.6 110.2 17.3 1.4 – – .6 .2 .4 .2 5.7 .7

2,000 to 2,499 81.1 ................................ .2 80.9 80.3 75.4 4.9 .6 .2 3.8 .2 – .2 – 5.6 –

2,500 to 2,999 37.1 ................................ – 37.1 36.7 34.4 2.3 .4 .2 7.7 – – – .2 4.6 .3

3,000 to 3,999 27.4 ................................ – 27.4 26.8 25.5 1.3 .6 – – .4 – .2 – 4.1 –

4,000 or more 17.7 ................................ – 17.7 16.7 14.3 2.4 1.0 .4 14.2 – .2 .2 .2 1.4 –

Not reported (includes don’t know) 95.9 .............. .2 95.7 92.7 60.0 32.6 3.0 .9 2.5 .4 .4 .8 .6 1.4 3.8

Median 1 721 ...................................... ... 1 721 1 727 1 822 1 290 1 382 ... ... ... ... ... ... 2 267 966

Lot Size1

Less than one~eighth acre 166.3 ..................... .2 166.1 159.5 113.8 45.8 6.6 2.0 4.1 1.0 .6 1.9 1.2 9.6 13.2

One~eighth up to one~quarter acre 242.3 .............. .4 242.0 234.4 182.4 52.0 7.6 2.6 4.8 1.4 1.0 1.2 1.4 11.3 2.5

One~quarter up to one~half acre 126.9 ................. .4 126.5 126.1 100.4 25.7 .4 .3 1.0 .2 – – – 3.9 –

One~half up to one acre 38.8 ........................ .2 38.6 38.0 27.2 10.8 .6 .2 1.8 – – .2 .2 2.3 –

1 up to 5 acres 27.9 ............................... – 27.9 26.7 17.0 9.7 1.2 .6 5.9 .2 – .4 – .9 –

5 up to 10 acres 2.6 .............................. – 2.6 2.6 1.8 .8 – – – – – – – – –

10 acres or more 8.4 ............................. – 8.4 8.2 5.5 2.7 .2 – – – – – .2 .2 1.0

Median .20 ...................................... ... .20 .20 .20 .19 .16 .17 ... ... ... .13~ .16 .18 .13~

1Does not include multiunits, cooperatives or condominiums.

AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998 3

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 1~4. Selected Equipment and PlumbingmAll Housing Units

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Year~round

Occupied Vacant

Total

housing

units

Sea~

sonal Total Total Owner Renter Total

For

rent

Rental

vacan~

cy rate

For

sale

only

Rent~

ed or

sold

Occa~

sional

use/

URE

Other

vacant

New

con~

struc~

tion

4 years

Mobile

homes

Total 895.0 ................................ 1.8 893.2 855.7 508.6 347.1 37.6 18.2 5.0 4.2 3.2 6.2 5.8 32.4 16.6

Equipment1

Lacking complete kitchen facilities 31.5 .............. .4 31.0 21.1 4.8 16.3 10.0 3.6 17.9 1.4 1.2 1.4 2.4 1.3 .6 With complete kitchen (sink, refrigerator, and oven

or burners) 863.6 .................................. 1.4 862.2 834.6 503.8 330.8 27.6 14.6 4.2 2.8 2.0 4.8 3.4 31.1 16.0 Kitchen sink 888.2 .................................. 1.4 886.9 851.1 507.8 343.3 35.7 17.4 4.8 4.2 3.0 5.8 5.4 32.1 16.6 Refrigerator 883.3 .................................. 1.4 881.9 852.2 507.6 344.5 29.8 15.8 4.4 2.8 2.2 5.2 3.8 31.3 16.6 Cooking stove or range 875.7 ........................ 1.4 874.3 843.1 504.4 338.7 31.2 16.2 4.6 3.4 2.8 5.0 3.8 31.6 16.0 Burners, no stove or range – ..................... –––– ––––––––– – Microwave oven only 4.6 .......................... – 4.6 3.4 2.9 .4 1.2 – – .6 .4 .2 – .3 – Dishwasher 561.6 .................................. 1.0 560.6 543.6 404.5 139.1 17.0 7.5 5.1 2.4 1.8 3.2 2.0 30.6 8.2 Washing machine 609.7 ............................. .6 609.1 602.0 465.6 136.4 7.1 2.2 1.6 .8 .4 2.3 1.4 29.1 8.9 Clothes dryer 598.1 ................................. .6 597.5 587.0 455.5 131.5 10.5 3.4 2.5 1.8 .4 2.9 2.0 28.9 8.9 Disposal in kitchen sink 613.7 ........................ .6 613.1 591.8 400.5 191.4 21.3 10.4 5.1 2.6 2.0 3.9 2.4 30.8 8.3 Trash compactor 61.4 ............................. – 61.4 59.4 47.9 11.5 2.0 .4 3.4 .6 .2 .6 .2 5.7 .3

Air conditioning:

Central 252.8 .................................... .6 252.2 245.7 191.6 54.1 6.5 3.2 5.5 .6 .8 1.4 .6 24.2 5.3 Additional Central 19.5 ........................... – 19.5 19.1 17.2 1.9 .4 – – – .2 .2 – 3.6 .3 1 room unit 92.2 ................................ .4 91.8 87.7 43.8 43.9 4.1 2.4 5.1 – – 1.0 .8 1.9 5.0 2 room units 21.3 ............................... – 21.3 18.6 10.1 8.5 2.7 1.2 12.1 .6 .2 .5 .2 .4 .9 3 room units or more 10.2 ........................ – 10.2 10.2 7.8 2.4 –––––––– –

Main Heating Equipment

Warm~air furnace 657.0 ............................. .8 656.2 631.7 431.3 200.5 24.5 11.4 5.4 3.2 2.0 4.3 3.6 29.8 14.2

Steam or hot water system 24.9 ..................... .2 24.7 22.6 7.0 15.6 2.0 1.0 6.0 – .6 – .4 .9 .6

Electric heat pump 10.8 ............................ .2 10.6 9.8 4.5 5.3 .8 .6 10.1 – – – .2 .9 –

Built~in electric units 42.1 ........................... – 42.1 37.6 12.2 25.4 4.5 2.6 9.1 .2 .4 1.1 .2 .8 .3

Floor, wall, or other built~in hot air units without

ducts 130.2 ....................................... .4 129.9 124.1 43.4 80.7 5.8 2.6 3.1 .8 .2 .8 1.4 – .6

Room heaters with flue 11.4 ........................ – 11.4 11.4 3.0 8.3 –––––––– –

Room heaters without flue 1.6 ..................... – 1.6 1.6 .7 .8 – – – – – – – – .3

Portable electric heaters 5.7 ....................... .2 5.5 5.5 1.2 4.3 – – – – – – – – .3

Stoves 1.8 ...................................... – 1.8 1.8 1.3 .4 – – – – – – – – –

Fireplaces with inserts .6 ......................... – .6 .6 .6 – – – – – – – – – –

Fireplaces without inserts .6 ...................... – .6 .6 .6 – – – – – – – – – –

Other 3.9 ....................................... – 3.9 3.9 1.8 2.1 – – – – – – – – .3

Cooking stove .6 ................................ – .6 .6 – .6 – – – – – – – – –

None 3.7 ........................................ – 3.7 3.7 .8 2.9 – – – – – – – – –

Other Heating Equipment1

Warm~air furnace 5.6 ............................. – 5.6 5.2 4.0 1.2 .4 – – – – .2 .2 .2 .3 Steam or hot water system .2 ..................... – .2 .2 .2 – – – – – – – – – – Electric heat pump 1.7 ............................ – 1.7 1.5 1.1 .4 .2 – – – – – .2 – – Built~in electric units 29.8 ........................... – 29.8 29.1 16.7 12.4 .8 .4 3.0 – – .2 .2 – – Floor, wall, or other built~in hot~air units without ducts 10.2 ....................................... – 10.2 9.4 4.3 5.0 .8 .4 7.3 .2 – – .2 – – Room heaters with flue 4.2 ........................ – 4.2 4.2 2.6 1.6 – – – – – – – – – Room heaters without flue 3.7 ..................... – 3.7 3.7 2.9 .9 – – – – – – – – – Portable electric heaters 149.2 ....................... .2 149.0 148.5 99.0 49.5 .5 – – – – .5 – 1.7 3.7 Stoves 23.2 ...................................... – 23.2 23.2 19.3 3.9 – – – – – – – .4 – Fireplaces with inserts 46.9 ......................... – 46.9 46.5 39.2 7.3 .4 .4 5.0 – – – – 1.3 – Fireplaces without inserts 72.4 ...................... – 72.4 71.8 51.2 20.5 .6 .4 1.9 .2 – – – 3.1 – Other 6.3 ....................................... – 6.3 5.7 3.9 1.8 .6 .2 10.1 – – .2 .2 – – Cooking stove 7.6 ................................ – 7.6 7.4 3.7 3.7 .2 – – – – – .2 – – None 569.5 ........................................ 1.2 568.3 537.4 297.4 240.0 30.9 16.2 6.3 3.6 3.0 3.9 4.2 24.6 12.3

Plumbing

With all plumbing facilities 884.3 ...................... 1.4 883.0 846.6 505.8 340.8 36.4 17.8 4.9 4.2 3.2 6.0 5.2 32.4 15.7

Lacking some or all plumbing facilities1 .......... 10.7 .4 10.3 9.1 2.8 6.3 1.2 .4 5.9 – – .2 .6 – .9

No hot piped water 3.2 .......................... .4 2.8 1.6 .3 1.3 1.2 .4 23.8 – – .2 .6 – .3

No bathtub nor shower 4.3 ...................... .4 3.9 3.1 – 3.1 .8 .4 11.2 – – .2 .2 – –

No flush toilet 5.7 .............................. .2 5.5 4.5 .9 3.6 1.0 .4 9.9 – – .2 .4 – .9

No exclusive use 5.1 ........................... – 5.1 5.1 1.9 3.2 – – – – – – – – –

Primary Source of Water

Public system or private company 887.8 ............... 1.8 886.0 848.7 504.5 344.1 37.4 18.2 5.0 4.2 3.2 6.2 5.6 32.4 15.9

Well serving 1 to 5 units 5.5 ....................... – 5.5 5.3 3.8 1.4 .2 – – – – – .2 – .7

Drilled 4.9 ..................................... – 4.9 4.7 3.5 1.2 .2 – – – – – .2 – .3

Dug – ....................................... –––– ––––––––– –

Not reported .6 ............................... – .6 .6 .3 .2 – – – – – – – – .3

Other 1.8 ....................................... – 1.8 1.8 .2 1.5 – – – – – – – – –

Safety of Primary Source of Water

Selected primary water sources2........ 894.6 1.8 892.8 855.2 508.6 346.6 37.6 18.2 5.0 4.2 3.2 6.2 5.8 32.4 16.6 Safe to drink 678.7 ................................. .8 677.9 651.0 399.3 251.6 26.9 14.0 5.2 3.2 2.6 3.6 3.6 23.9 11.3 Not safe to drink 180.7 .............................. .8 179.9 176.3 95.0 81.2 3.7 1.2 1.4 .2 .2 1.5 .6 7.2 4.7 Safety not reported 35.2 ........................... .2 35.0 28.0 14.2 13.8 7.0 3.0 18.1 .8 .4 1.2 1.6 1.3 .6

Means of Sewage Disposal

Public sewer 881.4 ................................. 1.6 879.8 843.0 499.1 343.9 36.9 18.2 5.0 4.2 3.2 5.9 5.4 32.4 14.1 Septic tank, cesspool, chemical toilet 12.7 ............ .2 12.5 12.0 9.2 2.8 .5 – – – – .3 .2 – 2.2 Other .9 ....................................... – .9 .7 .3 .4 .2 – – – – – .2 – .3

1Figures may not add to total because more than one category may apply to a unit.

2Excludes units where primary source of drinking water is commercial bottled water.

4 AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 1~5. FuelsmAll Housing Units

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Year~round

Occupied Vacant

Total

housing

units

Sea~

sonal Total Total Owner Renter Total

For

rent

Rental

vacan~

cy rate

For

sale

only

Rent~

ed or

sold

Occa~

sional

use/

URE

Other

vacant

New

con~

struc~

tion

4 years

Mobile

homes

Total 895.0 ................................ 1.8 893.2 855.7 508.6 347.1 37.6 18.2 5.0 4.2 3.2 6.2 5.8 32.4 16.6

Main House Heating Fuel

Housing units with heating fuel 891.1 ......... 1.8 889.3 851.7 507.5 344.2 37.6 18.2 5.0 4.2 3.2 6.2 5.8 32.4 16.6 Electricity 186.9 .................................... .6 186.3 175.3 74.8 100.5 11.1 7.0 6.5 .4 .8 1.7 1.2 6.4 1.9 Gas 691.9 ......................................... 1.2 690.7 664.4 426.9 237.6 26.3 11.2 4.5 3.8 2.2 4.5 4.6 25.8 14.1 Fuel oil 1.8 ...................................... – 1.8 1.8 .5 1.3 – – – – – – – .2 – Kerosene or other liquid fuel 1.1 .................... – 1.1 1.1 .4 .7 – – – – – – – – .3 Coal or coke .2 ................................. – .2 .2 – .2 – – – – – – – – – Wood 3.7 ....................................... – 3.7 3.7 2.8 .9 – – – – – – – – – Solar energy .6 ................................. – .6 .6 .4 .2 – – – – – – – – – Other 4.8 ....................................... – 4.8 4.6 1.8 2.8 .2 – – – .2 – – – .3

Other House Heating Fuels1

With other heating fuel 293.2 ........................ .2 293.0 289.1 195.4 93.7 3.9 1.8 1.8 .4 – 1.1 .6 6.7 4.0 Electricity 176.6 .................................. .2 176.4 174.7 111.8 62.9 1.7 .6 .9 – – .7 .4 1.7 3.7 Gas 33.6 ....................................... – 33.6 32.2 21.2 10.9 1.4 .6 5.1 .2 – .4 .2 1.7 .3 Fuel oil 3.6 .................................... – 3.6 3.6 2.5 1.1 – – – – – – – – – Kerosene or other liquid fuel 1.1 .................. – 1.1 1.1 .9 .2 – – – – – – – – – Coal or coke – ............................... –––– ––––––––– – Wood 117.1 ..................................... – 117.1 116.3 88.5 27.9 .8 .6 2.1 .2 – – – 2.8 – Solar energy – ............................... –––– ––––––––– – Other 7.4 ..................................... – 7.4 7.4 6.5 .9 – – – – – – – .6 –

Cooking Fuel

With cooking fuel 880.3 ..................... 1.4 878.9 846.5 507.4 339.1 32.4 16.2 4.5 4.0 3.2 5.2 3.8 32.0 16.0 Electricity 499.8 .................................... .6 499.2 480.0 291.7 188.3 19.1 10.6 5.3 1.8 1.4 3.0 2.4 7.3 2.6 Gas 379.0 ......................................... .6 378.4 365.1 214.4 150.8 13.3 5.7 3.6 2.2 1.8 2.3 1.4 24.7 13.3 Kerosene or other liquid fuel .2 .................... – .2 .2 .2 – – – – – – – – – – Coal or coke – ................................. –––– ––––––––– – Wood – ....................................... –––– ––––––––– –

Other 1.3 ....................................... .2 1.1 1.1 1.1 – – – – – – – – – –

Water Heating Fuel

With hot piped water 891.9 .................. 1.4 890.5 854.1 508.3 345.8 36.4 17.8 4.9 4.2 3.2 6.0 5.2 32.4 16.3

Electricity 87.2 .................................... .2 87.0 82.6 37.6 45.0 4.4 2.2 4.6 .4 .2 1.0 .6 2.2 1.3

Gas 798.8 ......................................... 1.2 797.6 766.4 468.2 298.2 31.2 15.4 4.9 3.8 3.0 4.5 4.4 30.2 14.7

Fuel oil .2 ...................................... – .2 .2 .2 – – – – – – – – – –

Kerosene or other liquid fuel .3 .................... – .3 – – – .3 – – – – .3 – – .3

Coal or coke – ................................. –––– ––––––––– –

Wood .2 ....................................... – .2 .2 .2 – – – – – – – – – –

Solar energy 3.4 ................................. – 3.4 3.2 1.7 1.5 .2 .2 11.4 ––––– –

Other 1.8 ....................................... – 1.8 1.4 .2 1.2 .4 – – – – .2 .2 – –

Central Air Conditioning Fuel

With central air conditioning 252.8 ............ .6 252.2 245.7 191.6 54.1 6.5 3.2 5.5 .6 .8 1.4 .6 24.2 5.3

Electricity 230.8 .................................... .6 230.2 223.9 175.1 48.9 6.3 3.2 6.1 .4 .8 1.4 .6 23.1 5.0

Gas 21.3 ......................................... – 21.3 21.1 15.9 5.2 .2 – – .2 – – – 1.1 .3

Other .6 ....................................... – .6 .6 .6 – – – – – – – – – –

Clothes Dryer Fuel

With clothes dryer 598.1 .................... .6 597.5 587.0 455.5 131.5 10.5 3.4 2.5 1.8 .4 2.9 2.0 28.9 8.9 Electricity 392.8 .................................... .4 392.4 385.9 295.8 90.1 6.6 3.4 3.6 .6 – 1.4 1.2 18.2 3.9 Gas 204.5 ......................................... – 204.5 200.9 159.8 41.2 3.5 – – 1.2 .4 1.4 .6 10.5 5.0 Other .8 ....................................... .2 .6 .2 – .2 .4 – – – – .2 .2 .2 –

Units Using Each Fuel1

Electricity 894.0 .................................... 1.8 892.2 854.8 508.2 346.7 37.4 18.0 4.9 4.2 3.2 6.2 5.8 32.2 16.6

Gas 850.2 ......................................... 1.8 848.4 811.8 491.8 320.0 36.6 17.8 5.3 4.0 3.0 6.0 5.8 31.3 16.0

Fuel oil 70.1 ...................................... 1.8 68.3 48.9 27.4 21.5 19.4 3.4 13.5 4.0 2.0 4.2 5.8 2.4 .6

Kerosene or other liquid fuel 2.7 .................... – 2.7 2.4 1.5 .9 .3 – – – – .3 – – .6

Coal or coke .2 ................................. – .2 .2 – .2 – – – – – – – – –

Wood 118.2 ....................................... – 118.2 117.4 89.5 27.9 .8 .6 2.1 .2 – – – 2.8 – Solar energy 3.8 ................................. – 3.8 3.6 1.9 1.7 .2 .2 10.3 ––––– – Other 15.7 ....................................... .4 15.3 14.3 9.4 4.9 1.0 – – – .2 .4 .4 .8 .3

All electric units 53.3 ............................... – 53.3 49.9 19.4 30.6 3.4 1.8 5.5 .4 .2 .4 .6 1.3 .6

1Figures may not add to total because more than one category may apply to a unit.

AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998 5

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 1~6. Housing and Neighborhood QualitymAll Housing Units

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Year~round

Occupied Vacant

Total

housing

units

Sea~

sonal Total Total Owner Renter Total

For

rent

Rental

vacan~

cy rate

For

sale

only

Rent~

ed or

sold

Occa~

sional

use/

URE

Other

vacant

New

con~

struc~

tion

4 years

Mobile

homes

Total 895.0 ................................ 1.8 893.2 855.7 508.6 347.1 37.6 18.2 5.0 4.2 3.2 6.2 5.8 32.4 16.6

Selected Amenities1

Porch, deck, balcony, or patio 744.7 .................. 1.2 743.6 716.2 466.4 249.8 27.3 12.6 4.8 3.8 1.8 5.2 4.0 29.2 13.5

Usable fireplace 486.3 .............................. .6 485.7 475.3 387.5 87.9 10.4 3.2 3.5 2.4 1.0 2.2 1.6 27.0 .3

Separate dining room 283.2 ......................... .4 282.8 273.8 215.6 58.2 9.0 2.3 3.9 2.0 .8 2.7 1.2 10.6 2.1

With 2 or more living rooms or recreation rooms,

etc. 91.9 ........................................ .2 91.7 90.2 76.8 13.3 1.6 .4 2.8 – .6 .6 – 6.9 .9

Garage or carport included with home 736.3 ........... .8 735.5 710.3 474.8 235.5 25.2 11.5 4.7 2.8 2.2 5.3 3.4 31.1 11.4

Not included 157.2 ................................. 1.0 156.2 144.3 33.1 111.2 11.9 6.6 5.6 1.2 1.0 .9 2.2 1.3 5.2

Offstreet parking included 112.0 .................... .6 111.5 103.8 28.1 75.7 7.7 4.4 5.5 1.0 .6 .3 1.4 1.1 5.2

Offstreet parking not reported .4 ................ – .4 .4 – .4 – – – – – – – – –

Garage or carport not reported 1.5 ................. – 1.5 1.1 .7 .4 .4 – – .2 – – .2 – –

Owner or Manager on Property

Rental, multiunit2 ..................... ... ... ... ... ... 186.8 ... 11.7 5.9 ... 1.2 1.2 ... 1.3 –

Owner or manager lives on property ... ............. ... ... ... ... 72.4 ... 2.0 2.7 ... .4 – ... .2 –

Neither owner nor manager lives on property ... ..... ... ... ... ... 114.5 ... 9.7 7.8 ... .8 1.2 ... 1.0 –

Selected Deficiencies1

Holes in floors 10.9 ................................ – 10.9 9.1 1.5 7.6 1.8 1.0 11.8 .2 – – .6 – .3

Open cracks or holes (interior) 82.9 .................. .4 82.5 78.8 38.9 39.9 3.7 2.0 4.8 – .2 .7 .8 .9 1.5

Broken plaster or peeling paint (interior) 42.1 ......... – 42.1 38.1 12.6 25.5 4.0 2.0 7.3 – .2 1.0 .8 – .3

No electrical wiring .2 ............................ – .2 – – – .2 .2 100.0 – – – – .2 –

Exposed wiring 5.0 ............................... – 5.0 4.6 .8 3.7 .4 – – – – – .4 – –

Rooms without electric outlets 18.9 .................. .6 18.3 17.1 5.5 11.6 1.2 .6 5.1 .2 – – .4 .4 1.5

Description of Area Within 300 feet1

Single~family detached houses 727.6 ................. 1.2 726.5 698.0 441.7 256.3 28.4 13.6 5.0 3.6 2.8 4.8 3.6 27.5 5.3

Single~family attached 159.2 ......................... .2 159.0 152.2 79.7 72.5 6.8 4.2 5.4 .4 .6 .8 .8 6.3 1.6

1~ to 3~ story multiunit 322.4 ......................... .4 321.9 301.0 84.1 216.9 20.9 13.1 5.7 1.4 1.4 2.4 2.6 3.8 3.4

4~ to 6~ story multiunit 49.9 ......................... .2 49.7 44.3 6.7 37.6 5.4 3.0 7.4 .6 .4 .8 .6 .4 .3

7~ or~ more story multiunit 18.0 ...................... .2 17.8 16.2 2.5 13.7 1.6 1.2 8.2 .2 .2 – – .2 –

Mobile homes 35.7 ................................ .6 35.1 33.6 20.0 13.6 1.5 1.0 7.1 – – .3 .2 .7 14.7

Commercial, or institutional 262.4 .................... .8 261.6 246.1 88.2 157.9 15.5 9.0 5.4 1.2 1.4 2.7 1.2 4.3 4.3

Industrial or factories 40.6 .......................... .6 40.0 37.0 13.8 23.2 2.9 1.0 4.2 .2 – .5 1.2 .8 2.5

Body of water 133.2 ................................ 1.4 131.8 125.8 74.5 51.3 6.0 2.8 5.1 .2 .6 1.9 .6 6.9 4.6

Open space, park, woods, farm, or ranch 307.9 ........ 1.2 306.7 295.1 187.8 107.3 11.6 5.9 5.2 .6 1.0 2.1 2.0 18.5 6.2

4 or more lane highway, railroad, or airport 147.2 ....... .2 147.0 138.8 61.0 77.7 8.3 4.9 5.9 .4 .6 .8 1.6 5.0 4.4

Not reported 54.5 ................................. – 54.5 53.4 33.4 20.0 1.2 .2 1.0 – – .6 .4 2.7 1.2

Age of Other Residential Buildings

Within 300 Feet

Older 86.1 ........................................ .6 85.5 80.3 33.2 47.1 5.2 2.7 5.3 .8 – 1.0 .8 .3 4.3 About the same 590.7 .............................. .6 590.2 569.1 375.9 193.2 21.1 9.4 4.6 2.8 2.0 3.4 3.6 22.4 6.4 Newer 67.7 ....................................... – 67.7 63.0 30.1 32.9 4.6 3.2 8.8 .2 .8 .4 – 5.6 1.9 Very mixed 75.3 ................................... .6 74.7 70.9 29.6 41.3 3.8 2.2 5.0 .2 .2 .4 .8 1.2 2.1 No other residential buildings 13.5 ................... – 13.5 12.3 6.4 6.0 1.2 .4 6.1 .2 .2 .2 .2 .4 .3 Not reported 61.7 ................................. – 61.7 60.1 33.5 26.7 1.6 .4 1.4 – – .8 .4 2.5 1.6

Mobile Homes in Group

Mobile homes 16.6 ........................ – 16.6 16.3 13.5 2.8 .3 – – – – .3 – .3 16.6 1 to 6 4.7 ....................................... – 4.7 4.7 3.7 1.0 – – – – – – – – 4.7 7 to 20 – ...................................... –––– ––––––––– – 21 or more 11.9 ................................... – 11.9 11.6 9.8 1.8 .3 – – – – .3 – .3 11.9

Other Buildings Vandalized or With

Interior Exposed Within 300 feet

None 771.4 ........................................ 1.2 770.2 741.1 455.2 285.9 29.1 14.2 4.7 4.0 3.0 4.9 3.0 29.2 11.4

1 building 25.1 .................................... .4 24.7 23.5 7.5 16.0 1.2 .8 4.8 – – – .4 .2 1.2

More than 1 building 23.9 .......................... .2 23.7 19.8 5.7 14.1 3.9 1.6 10.2 .2 .2 .3 1.6 – 2.4

No buildings 9.1 .................................. – 9.1 8.7 5.9 2.7 .4 .2 6.8 – – .2 – .4 .3

Not reported 65.6 ................................. – 65.6 62.6 34.3 28.3 3.0 1.4 4.7 – – .8 .8 2.5 1.2

Bars on Windows of Buildings Within

300 feet

No bars on windows 649.9 ........................... 1.4 648.6 626.4 402.4 224.0 22.2 9.4 4.0 2.6 2.6 4.2 3.4 29.0 13.5

1 building with bars 31.8 ........................... – 31.8 29.9 16.4 13.4 2.0 1.4 9.4 .2 – .4 – – –

2 or more buildings with bars 116.6 ................... .4 116.2 107.2 40.8 66.4 9.0 5.4 7.5 .8 .4 .6 1.8 .2 .9

No buildings 9.1 .................................. – 9.1 8.7 5.9 2.7 .4 .2 6.8 – – .2 – .4 .3

Not reported 87.6 ................................. – 87.6 83.6 43.0 40.6 4.0 1.8 4.2 .6 .2 .8 .6 2.7 1.9

Condition of Streets Within 300 feet

No repairs needed 554.9 ............................ .8 554.1 533.6 329.7 203.9 20.5 9.2 4.3 2.6 2.0 4.1 2.6 23.8 8.0

Minor repairs needed 232.2 .......................... .2 232.0 219.9 123.6 96.3 12.1 7.2 7.0 1.4 .6 1.1 1.8 3.9 5.0

Major repairs needed 44.5 .......................... .8 43.7 41.3 20.4 20.9 2.4 .4 1.9 – .6 .4 1.0 1.7 2.4

No streets 2.8 ................................... – 2.8 2.4 .8 1.6 .4 .4 20.0 ––––– –

Not reported 60.7 ................................. – 60.7 58.5 34.0 24.5 2.2 1.0 3.9 .2 – .6 .4 3.0 1.2

Trash, Litter, or Junk on Streets or Any

Properties Within 300 feet

None 716.9 ........................................ .8 716.2 688.0 432.8 255.2 28.1 13.4 5.0 3.4 3.2 4.9 3.2 27.4 10.5 Minor accumulation 87.6 ........................... 1.0 86.6 81.4 31.3 50.1 5.2 3.2 5.9 .6 – .4 1.0 1.7 2.4 Major accumulation 31.4 ........................... – 31.4 28.6 10.1 18.5 2.9 1.4 7.1 – – .3 1.2 .3 2.1 Not reported 59.1 ................................. – 59.1 57.7 34.4 23.3 1.4 .2 .9 .2 – .6 .4 3.0 1.5

1Figures may not add to total because more than one category may apply to a unit.

2Two or more units of any tenure in the structure.

6 AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 1~7. Financial CharacteristicsmAll Housing Units

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Year~round

Occupied Vacant

Total

housing

units

Sea~

sonal Total Total Owner Renter Total

For

rent

Rental

vacan~

cy rate

For

sale

only

Rent~

ed or

sold

Occa~

sional

use/

URE

Other

vacant

New con~

struc~

tion

4 years

Mobile

homes

Total 895.0 ............................ 1.8 893.2 855.7 508.6 347.1 37.6 18.2 5.0 4.2 3.2 6.2 5.8 32.4 16.6

Monthly Housing Costs1

Less than $100 ... ........................... ... ... 5.5 3.4 2.1 ... .4 16.3 ... ... ... ... – .9 $100 to $199 ... ............................. ... ... 28.8 19.6 9.1 ... – – ... ... ... ... .9 1.3 $200 to $249 ... ............................. ... ... 29.6 25.1 4.5 ... – – ... ... ... ... .2 .3 $250 to $299 ... ............................. ... ... 33.6 26.6 7.0 ... – – ... ... ... ... .4 .6 $300 to $349 ... ............................. ... ... 30.2 24.9 5.4 ... .4 7.2 ... ... ... ... .2 1.8 $350 to $399 ... ............................. ... ... 26.0 17.8 8.2 ... .4 4.7 ... ... ... ... .2 .6 $400 to $449 ... ............................. ... ... 21.8 14.5 7.2 ... .4 5.1 ... ... ... ... .4 .6 $450 to $499 ... ............................. ... ... 26.7 13.9 12.9 ... 1.0 7.2 ... ... ... ... .2 .7 $500 to $599 ... ............................. ... ... 61.9 23.4 38.5 ... 1.5 3.7 ... ... ... ... 1.1 2.3 $600 to $699 ... ............................. ... ... 64.2 20.8 43.4 ... 2.0 4.5 ... ... ... ... .5 3.1 $700 to $799 ... ............................. ... ... 57.2 16.3 40.9 ... .8 1.9 ... ... ... ... .4 1.5 $800 to $999 ... ............................. ... ... 107.1 33.1 74.0 ... 5.1 6.5 ... ... ... ... 1.2 1.3 $1,000 to $1,249 ... .......................... ... ... 87.3 43.1 44.2 ... 1.6 3.4 ... ... ... ... 1.8 .3 $1,250 to $1,499 ... .......................... ... ... 70.2 47.3 22.9 ... 1.4 5.7 ... ... ... ... 2.8 .3 $1,500 or more ... ............................ ... ... 196.4 178.8 17.6 ... 2.2 11.0 ... ... ... ... 20.4 .3 Depends on occupant’s income ... ............. ... ... ... ... ... ... 1.0 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... No cash rent ... .............................. ... ... 9.2 ... 9.2 ... – – ... ... ... ... .2 .3 Median (excludes no cash rent) ... ........... ... ... 871 1 086 775 ... 866 ... ... ... ... ... 1500+ 552

Median Monthly Housing Costs for

Owners

Monthly costs including all mortgages plus

maintenance costs ... ...................... ... ... 1 144 1 144 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 1500+ 543

Monthly costs excluding second and

subsequent mortgages and maintenance

costs ... ................................... ... ... 1 075 1 075 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 1500+ 537

Rent Reductions

No subsidy ... ............................... ... ... ... – 271.4 ... 15.6 5.4 ... 1.0 ... ... 2.4 2.5 Rent control ... ............................ ... ... ... ... 24.4 ... 1.2 4.6 ... .4 ... ... – – No rent control ... .......................... ... ... ... ... 245.2 ... 14.0 5.4 ... .6 ... ... 2.2 2.5 Reduced by owner ... ..................... ... ... ... ... 17.8 ... – – ... – ... ... – .3 Not reduced by owner ... .................. ... ... ... ... 226.7 ... – – ... – ... ... 1.6 2.2 Owner reduction not reported ... ........... ... ... ... ... .6 ... 14.0 91.7 ... .6 ... ... .6 – Rent control not reported ... ................. ... ... ... ... 1.8 ... .4 18.4 ... – ... ... .2 – Owned by public housing authority ... ........... ... ... ... ... 10.1 ... .4 3.7 ... – ... ... .4 –

Government subsidy ... ....................... ... ... ... ... 23.8 ... 1.0 4.1 ... .2 ... ... .4 –

Other, income verification ... .................. ... ... ... ... 21.0 ... – – ... – ... ... .2 –

Subsidy not reported ... ....................... ... ... ... ... 20.7 ... 1.2 5.5 ... – ... ... .4 .3

OWNER HOUSING UNITS

Total ... ............................ ... ... ... 508.6 ... ... ... ... 4.2 2.0 ... ... 28.0 13.5

Average Monthly Cost Paid for Real

Estate Taxes

Less than $25 ... ............................. ... ... ... 36.6 ... ... ... ... 1.6 .4 ... ... 3.9 10.7

$25 to $49 ... ................................ ... ... ... 24.5 ... ... ... ... – – ... ... .2 1.6

$50 to $74 ... ................................ ... ... ... 58.2 ... ... ... ... .2 .2 ... ... .6 .3

$75 to $99 ... ................................ ... ... ... 51.5 ... ... ... ... .6 .2 ... ... 1.5 .3

$100 to $149 ... ............................. ... ... ... 99.7 ... ... ... ... – – ... ... 2.0 .3

$150 to $199 ... ............................. ... ... ... 74.8 ... ... ... ... .2 – ... ... 3.0 –

$200 or more ... ............................. ... ... ... 163.3 ... ... ... ... 1.6 1.2 ... ... 16.7 .3

Median ... .................................. ... ... ... 142 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 200+ 25~

Annual Taxes Paid per $1,000 Value

Less than $5 ... .............................. ... ... ... 122.1 ... ... ... ... 1.8 .4 ... ... 6.6 8.6

$5 to $9 ... .................................. ... ... ... 190.1 ... ... ... ... .2 .2 ... ... 6.7 2.8

$10 to $14 ... ................................ ... ... ... 148.4 ... ... ... ... .6 1.0 ... ... 10.3 1.2

$15 to $19 ... ................................ ... ... ... 20.1 ... ... ... ... 1.2 .2 ... ... 1.0 –

$20 to $24 ... ................................ ... ... ... 6.2 ... ... ... ... .2 – ... ... .4 –

$25 or more ... .............................. ... ... ... 21.7 ... ... ... ... .2 .2 ... ... 3.0 .9

Median ... .................................. ... ... ... 8 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 10 5~

Condominium and Cooperative Fee

Fee paid by owners ... ................ ... ... ... 50.3 ... ... ... ... 1.0 .2 ... ... 2.7 –

Less than $25 per month ... ................... ... ... ... 1.1 ... ... ... ... – – ... ... – –

$25 to $49 ... ................................ ... ... ... .2 ... ... ... ... .2 – ... ... – –

$50 to $74 ... ................................ ... ... ... .4 ... ... ... ... – – ... ... .2 –

$75 to $99 ... ................................ ... ... ... 1.0 ... ... ... ... – – ... ... – –

$100 to $149 ... ............................. ... ... ... 9.2 ... ... ... ... .2 – ... ... 1.5 –

$150 to $199 ... ............................. ... ... ... 17.7 ... ... ... ... .2 – ... ... .6 –

$200 or more per month ... .................... ... ... ... 14.1 ... ... ... ... .2 .2 ... ... .2 –

Not reported ... .............................. ... ... ... 6.5 ... ... ... ... .2 – ... ... .2 –

Median ... .................................. ... ... ... 178 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Other Housing Costs per Month

Homeowner association fee paid ... ............ ... ... ... 70.1 ... ... ... ... – – ... ... 10.4 –

Median ... ................................ ... ... ... 53 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 73 ...

Mobile home park fee paid ... .................. ... ... ... 1.8 ... ... ... ... – – ... ... – 1.8

Median ... ................................ ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Land rent fee paid ... ......................... ... ... ... 1.4 ... ... ... ... – – ... ... – .3

Median ... ................................ ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998 7

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 1~7. Financial CharacteristicsmAll Housing UnitsmCon.

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Year~round

Occupied Vacant

Total

housing

units

Sea~

sonal Total Total Owner Renter Total

For

rent

Rental

vacan~

cy rate

For

sale

only

Rent~

ed or

sold

Occa~

sional

use/

URE

Other

vacant

New con~

struc~

tion

4 years

Mobile

homes

OWNER HOUSING UNITSmCon.

Value2

Less than $10,000 ... ......................... ... ... ... 9.9 ... ... ... ... – .2 ... ... – 1.2 $10,000 to $19,999 ... ........................ ... ... ... 3.5 ... ... ... ... – – ... ... – 2.8 $20,000 to $29,999 ... ........................ ... ... ... 4.6 ... ... ... ... – – ... ... .2 3.1 $30,000 to $39,999 ... ........................ ... ... ... 2.2 ... ... ... ... – – ... ... – .3 $40,000 to $49,999 ... ........................ ... ... ... 1.0 ... ... ... ... – – ... ... – .3 $50,000 to $59,999 ... ........................ ... ... ... 4.5 ... ... ... ... – – ... ... – 1.3 $60,000 to $69,999 ... ........................ ... ... ... 3.5 ... ... ... ... – – ... ... – 1.3 $70,000 to $79,999 ... ........................ ... ... ... 6.3 ... ... ... ... .2 .4 ... ... – .6 $80,000 to $99,999 ... ........................ ... ... ... 16.0 ... ... ... ... – – ... ... .9 1.3 $100,000 to $119,999 ... ...................... ... ... ... 18.0 ... ... ... ... .8 – ... ... .3 1.3 $120,000 to $149,999 ... ...................... ... ... ... 40.6 ... ... ... ... .4 – ... ... 1.3 – $150,000 to $199,999 ... ...................... ... ... ... 99.3 ... ... ... ... 1.6 .2 ... ... 4.4 – $200,000 to $249,999 ... ...................... ... ... ... 85.6 ... ... ... ... .4 1.0 ... ... 2.3 – $250,000 to $299,999 ... ...................... ... ... ... 54.6 ... ... ... ... .2 .2 ... ... 3.7 – $300,000 or more ... ......................... ... ... ... 158.9 ... ... ... ... .6 – ... ... 15.0 – Time shared units ... ......................... ... ... ... – ... ... ... ... – – ... ... – – Median ... .................................. ... ... ... 226 173 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 300K+ 28 770

Other Activities on Property

Medical or commercial establishment ... ........ ... ... ... 3.2 ... ... ... ... – – ... ... – – Neither ... ................................... ... ... ... 505.4 ... ... ... ... 4.2 2.0 ... ... 28.0 13.5

1Rent asked for vacant units.

2Sales price for units that are for sale, purchase price for units sold but not yet occupied.

8 AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 2~1. Introductory CharacteristicsmOccupied Units

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Tenure Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Selected subareas1

Physical problems

Total

occupied

units Owner Renter

New

con~

struction

4 years

Mobile

homes Severe Moderate Black Hispanic

Elderly

(65

years

and

over)

Moved

in past

year

Below

poverty

level

Area

one

Area

two

Area

three

Sample Size 3 927 ......................... 2 346 1 581 144 52 88 172 504 482 689 701 461 666 1 683 1 578

Total 855.7 ................................ 508.6 347.1 30.2 16.3 19.6 37.8 111.1 106.3 151.1 153.1 101.0 148.7 370.0 337.0

Tenure

Owner occupied 508.6 .............................. 508.6 ... 27.3 13.5 4.8 11.6 37.6 47.3 114.5 51.8 33.8 59.2 219.2 230.2

Percent of all occupied 59.4 ...................... 100.0 ... 90.4 82.8 24.4 30.7 33.8 44.5 75.8 33.9 33.5 39.8 59.3 68.3

Renter occupied 347.1 .............................. ... 347.1 2.9 2.8 14.8 26.2 73.5 59.0 36.6 101.3 67.2 89.5 150.8 106.8

Race and Origin

White 553.8 ....................................... 365.4 188.4 21.5 12.2 10.0 20.6 ... 46.1 113.8 90.0 50.0 63.9 242.3 247.6

Non~Hispanic 507.7 ............................... 343.3 164.4 21.2 11.2 8.7 19.0 ... ... 107.7 79.4 41.5 53.3 219.1 235.3

Hispanic 46.1 ................................... 22.1 24.0 .2 .9 1.3 1.5 ... 46.1 6.1 10.6 8.6 10.7 23.2 12.3

Black 111.1 ........................................ 37.6 73.5 1.2 1.0 4.1 8.8 111.1 1.1 16.4 22.3 23.3 54.3 30.6 26.2

American Indian, Eskimo, and Aleut 6.7 ............. 3.4 3.3 .2 .3 .2 .2 ... .4 .6 1.7 1.3 1.1 2.9 2.7

Asian and Pacific Islander 102.2 ...................... 63.5 38.7 5.0 1.0 2.4 3.5 ... 2.4 12.5 22.1 13.3 15.8 57.8 28.6

Other 81.9 ....................................... 38.7 43.1 2.2 1.8 2.8 4.6 ... 56.3 7.7 16.9 13.1 13.5 36.4 31.9

Total Hispanic 106.3 ................................ 47.3 59.0 1.3 3.2 3.2 5.0 1.1 106.3 11.0 24.5 18.8 19.5 49.9 36.9

Units in Structure

1, detached 536.7 .................................. 424.4 112.3 25.3 ... 7.3 16.1 48.2 61.5 99.3 67.5 50.1 76.6 229.1 231.0

1, attached 86.2 ................................... 41.1 45.1 3.6 ... 1.1 .8 11.5 9.0 16.2 22.1 9.9 3.1 37.8 45.3

2 to 4 81.0 ....................................... 15.5 65.4 .4 ... 3.3 9.1 18.7 13.4 10.0 21.4 14.8 28.6 32.9 19.4

5 to 9 47.5 ....................................... 6.0 41.5 – ... 1.6 4.3 11.0 7.1 5.8 11.9 8.3 12.9 22.1 12.5

10 to 19 31.6 ..................................... 3.0 28.6 – ... 1.7 2.2 6.6 4.2 3.3 10.4 6.6 7.6 15.4 8.6

20 to 49 28.7 ..................................... 2.0 26.7 .2 ... 1.8 2.6 7.5 5.4 3.6 8.4 4.6 11.5 12.2 5.0 50 or more 27.7 ................................... 3.0 24.7 .2 ... 1.9 1.5 6.6 2.6 7.2 8.9 5.7 8.1 12.2 7.4 Mobile home or trailer 16.3 ......................... 13.5 2.8 .3 16.3 .9 .9 1.0 3.2 5.8 2.5 1.0 .3 8.3 7.6

Cooperatives and Condominiums

Cooperatives 10.1 ................................. 8.0 2.1 .4 – – .7 .5 .4 5.5 1.7 1.3 .2 3.3 6.6 Condominiums 65.2 ............................... 42.3 22.9 2.5 – .7 1.3 5.6 6.8 12.0 15.3 5.5 7.4 32.9 24.9

Year Structure Built2

2000 to 2004 – ................................. – – – – – – – – – – ––– – 1995 to 1999 27.6 ................................. 25.0 2.7 27.6 .3 – .5 1.2 1.3 2.2 13.4 .8 2.2 11.9 13.5 1990 to 1994 43.1 ................................. 32.7 10.4 2.5 1.2 .5 .7 2.5 4.4 2.5 8.2 4.6 4.0 15.4 23.7 1985 to 1989 70.3 ................................. 46.3 24.1 ... 1.9 .2 2.6 6.6 6.7 8.2 15.9 5.5 5.2 29.5 35.6 1980 to 1984 41.9 ................................. 27.6 14.3 ... – 1.1 1.8 4.6 3.2 6.8 7.1 3.2 2.3 17.6 22.1 1975 to 1979 71.6 ................................. 43.6 28.0 ... 4.7 .7 2.2 7.2 7.7 11.0 12.1 6.6 5.0 26.8 39.8 1970 to 1974 79.8 ................................. 41.5 38.3 ... 2.8 1.6 3.5 9.2 9.5 12.1 12.5 6.8 8.1 38.3 33.4 1960 to 1969 160.6 ................................. 94.9 65.7 ... 4.7 2.8 4.7 18.3 22.9 33.3 22.2 18.1 20.2 74.7 65.7 1950 to 1959 142.2 ................................. 84.2 58.0 ... – 3.1 4.3 20.7 22.0 32.0 21.2 18.3 22.5 64.7 55.0 1940 to 1949 81.5 ................................. 44.7 36.7 ... .6 3.0 4.5 14.8 10.2 17.5 11.7 12.3 19.6 34.1 27.7 1930 to 1939 53.3 ................................. 24.1 29.2 ... – 2.4 5.9 12.0 10.6 9.5 10.9 10.3 24.7 16.7 12.0 1920 to 1929 43.4 ................................. 25.1 18.3 ... – 1.6 2.6 8.5 4.5 9.7 9.2 7.7 17.9 19.5 6.0 1919 or earlier 40.3 ................................ 19.0 21.3 ... – 2.7 4.5 5.6 3.6 6.2 8.8 6.7 17.1 20.7 2.5 Median 1964 ...................................... 1966 1962 1995+ 1975 1950 1953 1957 1961 1960 1967 1957 1947 1964 1970

Selected Geographic Areas

Alameda County 518.7 .............................. 278.4 240.3 14.9 8.7 13.4 24.3 84.9 69.4 85.1 96.9 69.5 148.7 370.0 –

Contra Costa County 337.0 .......................... 230.2 106.8 15.2 7.6 6.2 13.5 26.2 36.9 66.0 56.2 31.5 – – 337.0

1See back cover for details.

2For mobile homes, oldest category is 1939 or earlier.

AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998 9

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 2~2. Height and Condition of BuildingmOccupied Units

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Tenure Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Selected subareas1

Physical problems

Total

occupied

units Owner Renter

New

con~

struction

4 years

Mobile

homes Severe Moderate Black Hispanic

Elderly

(65

years

and

over)

Moved

in past

year

Below

poverty

level

Area

one

Area

two

Area

three

Total 855.7 ................................ 508.6 347.1 30.2 16.3 19.6 37.8 111.1 106.3 151.1 153.1 101.0 148.7 370.0 337.0

Stories in Structure2

1 402.1 ........................................... 260.2 141.9 8.7 ... 6.7 12.2 43.9 58.9 83.4 59.7 44.4 39.6 175.5 187.1

2 324.9 ........................................... 189.6 135.3 19.2 ... 7.3 17.6 46.4 33.4 41.9 65.7 41.6 64.6 139.6 120.7

3 85.9 ........................................... 37.4 48.6 2.0 ... 2.6 4.2 11.9 8.9 12.6 19.8 9.7 29.4 38.9 17.7

4 to 6 20.3 ....................................... 6.8 13.5 – ... .9 2.4 5.6 2.0 5.1 4.3 2.2 10.3 6.9 3.2

7 or more 6.1 .................................... 1.1 5.0 – ... 1.2 .4 2.4 – 2.3 1.2 2.2 4.5 .8 .7

Stories Between Main and Apartment

Entrances

Multiunits, 2 or more floors 187.2 ............. 23.7 163.4 .4 ... 9.6 17.0 44.5 27.7 24.8 54.0 35.0 61.4 82.4 43.4

None (on same floor) 63.1 .......................... 10.9 52.2 – ... 2.5 5.0 14.2 12.2 9.1 20.1 11.4 18.1 29.7 15.2

1 (up or down) 64.4 ................................ 7.4 57.0 .2 ... 3.1 6.9 15.3 9.3 6.6 17.7 12.9 19.2 30.2 14.9

2 or more (up or down) 59.7 ........................ 5.5 54.2 .2 ... 4.1 5.1 15.0 6.1 9.1 16.3 10.7 24.0 22.4 13.2

Common Stairways

Multiunits, 2 or more floors 187.2 ............. 23.7 163.4 .4 ... 9.6 17.0 44.5 27.7 24.8 54.0 35.0 61.4 82.4 43.4

No common stairways 17.2 ......................... 4.5 12.7 – ... .7 .9 3.6 3.5 1.6 5.1 3.0 4.7 8.3 4.2

With common stairways 157.5 ....................... 16.8 140.8 .4 ... 8.7 15.0 35.8 22.8 22.5 45.4 29.9 51.0 70.1 36.5

No loose steps 134.2 ............................. 14.9 119.3 .2 ... 6.4 12.5 29.2 19.8 20.1 38.1 25.6 41.2 60.5 32.5

Railings not loose 115.9 ......................... 13.8 102.1 .2 ... 6.1 10.0 25.2 16.0 17.5 32.9 21.6 36.0 52.3 27.6

Railings loose 11.4 ............................ .2 11.2 – ... .3 1.3 2.9 2.6 1.5 3.9 2.5 3.1 4.7 3.6

No railings 5.2 ............................... .9 4.3 – ... – 1.1 .7 1.2 .7 .7 1.1 2.1 2.4 .7

Status of railings not reported 1.8 .............. – 1.8 – ... – – .4 – .4 .5 .4 – 1.1 .7

Loose steps 23.3 ................................ 1.9 21.4 .2 ... 2.3 2.5 6.6 3.0 2.4 7.4 4.3 9.8 9.6 4.0

Railings not loose 17.6 ......................... 1.7 15.9 .2 ... 1.2 .6 5.5 1.5 2.4 6.1 3.2 7.5 7.6 2.5

Railings loose 4.8 ............................ .2 4.6 – ... .9 1.9 1.1 .8 – .9 .9 2.3 1.6 1.0

No railings .6 ............................... – .6 – ... – – – .4 – .4 .2 – .5 .2

Status of railings not reported .2 .............. – .2 – ... .2 – – .2 – – – – – .2

Status of stairways not reported 12.5 ................ 2.5 10.0 – ... .2 1.1 5.1 1.3 .7 3.4 2.1 5.7 4.0 2.7

Light Fixtures in Public Halls

2 or more units in structure 216.4 ............. 29.6 186.8 .9 ... 10.3 19.9 50.4 32.6 29.8 61.0 40.1 68.7 94.7 53.0 No public halls 31.0 ................................ 6.0 25.0 – ... 1.8 2.7 4.3 7.2 2.0 8.6 4.9 9.9 13.4 7.8 No light fixtures in public halls 4.6 .................. .5 4.1 – ... .4 .6 1.5 .6 .7 1.0 .7 1.4 .9 2.3 All in working order 145.9 ............................ 18.3 127.7 .9 ... 6.8 12.2 34.0 19.1 24.2 42.3 26.8 44.9 66.3 34.7 Some in working order 9.0 ......................... .7 8.3 – ... .4 .9 2.2 1.5 .7 1.5 2.1 2.6 4.2 2.1

None in working order 7.8 ......................... .4 7.4 – ... .4 1.3 2.7 1.9 .7 2.6 .9 2.6 3.0 2.2

Not reported 18.1 ................................. 3.8 14.4 – ... .4 2.2 5.8 2.2 1.6 4.9 4.7 7.3 6.8 4.0

Elevator on Floor

Multiunits, 2 or more floors 187.2 ............. 23.7 163.4 .4 ... 9.6 17.0 44.5 27.7 24.8 54.0 35.0 61.4 82.4 43.4

With 1 or more elevators working 36.0 ............... 4.8 31.2 .2 ... 1.6 2.2 8.7 3.4 8.0 9.8 5.6 13.2 13.5 9.3

With elevator, none in working condition 1.9 ......... – 1.9 – ... .2 .2 1.1 – .4 .8 1.1 .6 .9 .4

No elevator 149.2 .................................. 19.0 130.3 .2 ... 7.8 14.7 34.7 24.2 16.4 43.3 28.3 47.5 68.1 33.7

Units 3 or more floors from main entrance 4.3 ...... .2 4.1 .2 ... .8 – .4 – .9 1.5 – 1.6 2.1 .7

Foundation

1 unit bldg. excl. mobile homes 622.9 ......... 465.5 157.4 29.0 ... 8.4 17.0 59.7 70.5 115.5 89.6 60.0 79.7 266.9 276.3 With basement under all of building 30.3 ............. 20.6 9.8 – ... .9 2.0 7.1 4.3 9.1 3.6 5.5 15.8 9.7 4.9 With basement under part of building 40.8 ............ 34.4 6.3 .4 ... .7 2.4 3.3 3.3 9.6 4.1 5.1 18.0 17.3 5.5 With crawl space 319.2 ............................. 258.7 60.5 4.9 ... 3.6 6.7 24.0 35.0 62.7 29.9 23.0 28.6 136.3 154.2 On concrete slab 215.1 ............................. 142.7 72.4 23.2 ... 2.3 5.9 22.5 25.4 31.4 48.3 24.3 13.5 95.9 105.7 Other 17.6 ....................................... 9.1 8.4 .5 ... .8 – 2.8 2.5 2.6 3.7 2.0 3.8 7.8 6.0

External Building Conditions3

Sagging roof 31.7 ................................. 13.7 18.0 .2 2.1 2.8 4.4 5.2 3.5 3.9 5.9 5.0 6.2 12.9 12.7

Missing roofing material 47.3 ....................... 25.8 21.5 .2 .6 3.5 4.7 8.4 5.4 6.5 6.7 5.1 10.1 17.2 20.0

Hole in roof 32.7 .................................. 16.3 16.4 .2 1.2 1.5 6.3 6.7 4.1 6.5 4.8 4.3 9.3 10.5 12.8

Missing bricks, siding, other outside wall material 32.1 . 12.0 20.1 .4 .6 3.4 4.8 9.2 5.2 3.8 6.3 5.1 9.4 11.5 11.2

Sloping outside walls 25.3 .......................... 10.6 14.7 .2 1.5 1.7 4.4 3.7 4.1 2.0 3.7 3.1 4.5 10.3 10.5

Boarded up windows 12.4 .......................... 3.8 8.6 – .6 2.1 2.2 2.8 2.7 1.3 2.9 2.7 4.3 4.4 3.7

Broken windows 44.9 .............................. 20.1 24.8 .5 1.0 3.8 5.6 8.9 8.5 4.0 8.3 6.0 12.9 19.9 12.1

Bars on windows 70.3 ............................. 30.1 40.2 .2 .3 2.5 6.0 25.6 11.0 15.8 12.9 12.2 41.1 15.8 13.4 Foundation crumbling or has open crack or hole 31.1 .. 16.1 15.1 – .9 1.5 5.7 5.8 4.0 4.0 3.9 4.2 7.3 14.0 9.9 None of the above 568.7 ............................ 370.1 198.6 26.4 11.1 7.2 14.7 50.2 66.8 107.8 98.6 57.9 67.1 264.2 237.4 Not reported 52.7 ................................. 33.2 19.5 2.3 1.2 .6 2.6 11.8 4.8 6.2 11.6 9.5 12.9 15.7 24.1

Site Placement

Mobile homes 16.3 ........................ 13.5 2.8 .3 16.3 .9 .9 1.0 3.2 5.8 2.5 1.0 .3 8.3 7.6

First site 10.4 ..................................... 8.9 1.5 .3 10.4 – .3 .7 2.2 4.5 1.9 .7 – 6.1 4.3

Moved from another site 1.2 ....................... .9 .3 – 1.2 .9 – – – .3 .3 – – – 1.2

Don’t know 4.1 ................................... 3.1 1.0 – 4.1 – .6 – 1.0 .6 .4 – – 2.2 1.9

Not reported .6 ................................. .6 – – .6 – – .3 – .3 – .3 .3 – .3

Previous Occupancy

Unit built 1990 or later 70.8 ................. 57.7 13.0 30.2 1.6 .5 1.2 3.7 5.6 4.8 21.5 5.4 6.2 27.3 37.3 Not previously occupied 42.1 ....................... 39.9 2.2 23.9 .6 – .7 1.3 2.4 3.4 10.3 2.2 3.9 15.6 22.5 Not reported 11.4 ................................. 7.0 4.4 2.5 .3 .5 .5 1.3 1.5 .7 3.0 2.2 .9 3.8 6.6

1See back cover for details.

2Figures exclude mobile homes.

3Figures may not add to total because more than one category may apply to a unit.

10 AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 2~3. Size of Unit and LotmOccupied Units

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Tenure Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Selected subareas1

Physical problems

Total

occupied

units Owner Renter

New

con~

struction

4 years

Mobile

homes Severe Moderate Black Hispanic

Elderly

(65

years

and

over)

Moved

in past

year

Below

poverty

level

Area

one

Area

two

Area

three

Total 855.7 ................................ 508.6 347.1 30.2 16.3 19.6 37.8 111.1 106.3 151.1 153.1 101.0 148.7 370.0 337.0

Rooms

1 room 5.9 ...................................... .4 5.5 – – 2.3 1.5 1.5 – .8 1.5 1.5 2.6 2.1 1.2

2 rooms 11.2 ..................................... 2.5 8.7 .2 .7 .5 .6 2.1 1.5 2.4 4.5 4.0 4.6 5.2 1.4

3 rooms 107.7 ..................................... 9.5 98.2 1.1 3.5 4.8 6.7 22.3 15.5 18.2 31.2 19.5 35.9 46.4 25.4

4 rooms 166.9 ..................................... 47.2 119.8 2.0 5.0 3.7 11.1 29.7 26.6 21.9 41.6 24.8 27.3 79.9 59.7

5 rooms 171.9 ..................................... 112.0 59.9 4.2 4.7 4.1 7.1 25.7 27.7 35.5 29.8 21.1 27.4 72.8 71.7

6 rooms 146.3 ..................................... 115.9 30.4 5.4 2.5 3.3 3.8 15.7 18.0 36.3 15.6 16.1 22.9 62.9 60.5

7 rooms 119.8 ..................................... 103.4 16.4 6.4 – .2 4.2 7.4 10.7 17.0 17.1 7.4 12.6 51.3 55.8

8 rooms 78.6 ..................................... 73.8 4.7 6.9 – .2 1.6 5.0 3.8 11.5 6.1 3.2 7.7 31.7 39.1

9 rooms 30.5 ..................................... 29.4 1.1 2.9 – .2 .7 .9 2.1 4.3 3.6 1.7 3.3 11.2 16.0

10 rooms or more 16.9 ............................. 14.5 2.4 1.1 – .2 .4 .9 .5 3.1 2.0 1.6 4.3 6.4 6.2

Median 5.3 ...................................... 6.2 4.0 6.8 4.3 4.1 4.4 4.5 4.8 5.4 4.4 4.5 4.6 5.2 5.7

Rooms Used for Business2

Business only 1 or more rooms with direct access ... ........... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 1 or more rooms, no direct access ... ............ ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Business and other use 1 or more rooms ... ............................ ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Not reported ... ............................... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Bedrooms

None 7.4 ........................................ .9 6.5 – .3 2.3 1.5 1.7 .3 1.6 1.8 2.1 3.6 2.1 1.7

1 130.7 ........................................... 12.7 118.0 1.3 4.4 4.9 8.5 25.8 17.0 22.7 38.6 23.9 44.0 55.6 31.0

2 239.1 ........................................... 103.1 136.0 3.0 9.7 7.9 13.3 42.4 34.7 46.4 52.0 33.0 46.6 106.9 85.6

3 301.2 ........................................... 233.8 67.4 11.8 1.9 3.7 10.0 30.9 41.8 58.7 41.9 31.4 39.6 132.9 128.6

4 or more 177.4 .................................... 158.2 19.3 14.0 – .9 4.4 10.3 12.6 21.7 18.8 10.6 14.9 72.5 90.1

Median 2.7 ...................................... 3.1 1.9 3.4 1.9 1.8 2.2 2.2 2.5 2.6 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.7 2.9

Complete Bathrooms

None 12.5 ........................................ 5.4 7.2 .4 .6 3.2 1.2 3.1 .4 1.3 3.9 4.3 5.1 3.8 3.6 1 329.1 ........................................... 93.1 236.0 1.8 7.8 12.0 22.3 69.6 55.2 58.4 75.0 56.2 93.7 138.0 97.4 1 and one~half 91.1 ................................ 56.0 35.1 .7 .6 1.8 2.4 13.9 11.8 20.7 12.1 11.4 12.7 44.3 34.1 2 or more 422.9 .................................... 354.1 68.8 27.3 7.3 2.6 11.8 24.6 38.9 70.6 62.1 29.2 37.2 183.9 201.8

Square Footage of Unit

Single detached and mobile homes 553.0 ..... 437.9 115.1 25.7 16.3 8.3 17.0 49.2 64.7 105.1 70.0 51.0 76.9 237.5 238.7

Less than 500 9.0 ................................ 2.5 6.5 – 1.9 .7 .2 3.0 1.6 1.7 1.1 2.4 4.8 1.8 2.5

500 to 749 10.6 ................................... 3.8 6.9 .2 3.1 1.5 .5 .2 1.3 2.4 2.6 1.7 1.1 4.6 4.9

750 to 999 24.8 ................................... 14.9 9.9 .2 1.6 .7 .8 2.4 3.4 4.9 5.4 2.8 3.6 11.4 9.8

1,000 to 1,499 127.8 ................................ 96.9 31.0 3.4 4.9 1.9 4.2 9.6 17.7 23.5 16.3 9.2 10.0 65.2 52.6

1,500 to 1,999 127.6 ................................ 110.2 17.3 5.5 .7 .6 2.8 8.2 12.2 21.9 14.1 8.3 11.5 56.7 59.4

2,000 to 2,499 80.3 ................................ 75.4 4.9 5.2 – .4 2.1 3.1 4.9 13.4 9.3 3.7 8.4 34.0 37.9

2,500 to 2,999 36.7 ................................ 34.4 2.3 4.6 .3 .4 1.2 1.9 2.2 5.9 3.6 3.0 3.1 14.4 19.3

3,000 to 3,999 26.8 ................................ 25.5 1.3 3.9 – – .8 .9 1.5 4.2 2.1 1.6 4.6 11.1 11.2

4,000 or more 16.7 ................................ 14.3 2.4 1.4 – .2 .9 1.5 .5 3.7 2.4 1.1 5.3 3.5 7.9

Not reported 92.7 ................................. 60.0 32.6 1.1 3.8 1.7 3.3 18.5 19.4 23.5 13.1 17.4 24.5 34.9 33.2

Median 1 727 ...................................... 1 822 1 290 2 277 943 1 096 1 681 1 509 1 460 1 690 1 609 1 544 1 791 1 662 1 777

Lot Size3

Less than one~eighth acre 159.5 ..................... 113.8 45.8 8.8 12.9 3.2 7.0 17.3 21.2 32.3 25.4 17.9 18.4 93.0 48.1 One~eighth up to one~quarter acre 234.4 .............. 182.4 52.0 10.9 2.5 3.2 5.1 22.6 31.5 44.1 30.8 21.1 32.2 101.8 100.3 One~quarter up to one~half acre 126.1 ................. 100.4 25.7 3.8 – 2.1 2.6 10.3 10.9 21.3 14.9 10.8 19.0 36.4 70.6 One~half up to one acre 38.0 ........................ 27.2 10.8 2.3 – – 1.3 4.0 3.2 6.0 6.3 3.3 4.2 9.7 24.1 1 up to 5 acres 26.7 ............................... 17.0 9.7 .7 – – 1.1 2.4 1.5 5.1 2.4 2.5 3.8 8.4 14.6 5 up to 10 acres 2.6 .............................. 1.8 .8 – – – – .2 .2 .7 .2 .4 .2 1.3 1.1 10 acres or more 8.2 ............................. 5.5 2.7 .2 1.0 .6 – .4 .9 1.9 1.6 1.3 .5 3.1 4.6 Median .20 ...................................... .20 .19 .18 .13~ .18 .17 .19 .18 .19 .19 .19 .21 .17 .23

Persons per Room

0.50 or less 570.9 .................................. 373.7 197.2 24.3 11.9 8.5 20.5 73.3 41.9 134.1 95.6 64.8 101.1 237.7 232.2

0.51 to 1.00 255.2 .................................. 126.2 129.0 5.8 4.4 9.7 14.3 35.2 50.5 15.6 51.2 28.6 39.8 119.6 95.8

1.01 to 1.50 25.7 .................................. 7.6 18.1 – – 1.3 2.2 2.4 11.8 1.4 5.0 5.9 6.2 11.4 8.1

1.51 or more 3.9 ................................. 1.1 2.8 – – – .7 .2 2.2 – 1.2 1.6 1.7 1.3 .9

Persons per Bedroom

0.50 or less 182.6 .................................. 145.0 37.7 7.5 5.4 2.5 5.8 20.8 11.0 61.2 22.5 20.9 23.2 73.9 85.6

0.51 to 1.00 417.1 .................................. 252.6 164.5 18.0 6.8 7.0 16.3 54.8 35.0 74.7 77.0 45.5 74.9 177.3 164.9

1.01 to 1.50 117.9 .................................. 71.8 46.2 4.0 1.6 2.1 5.8 16.5 22.2 5.7 22.1 11.2 16.7 54.1 47.1

1.51 or more 130.6 ................................. 38.4 92.3 .7 2.2 5.8 8.4 17.3 37.8 7.9 29.8 21.4 30.4 62.6 37.6

No bedrooms 7.4 ................................. .9 6.5 – .3 2.3 1.5 1.7 .3 1.6 1.8 2.1 3.6 2.1 1.7

Square Feet per Person

Single detached and mobile homes 553.0 ..... 437.9 115.1 25.7 16.3 8.3 17.0 49.2 64.7 105.1 70.0 51.0 76.9 237.5 238.7

Less than 200 13.8 ................................ 5.5 8.2 – 1.6 .7 .4 3.7 3.8 1.5 1.8 2.8 4.5 4.9 4.3

200 to 299 31.3 ................................... 18.1 13.2 – .6 .8 1.1 2.1 5.9 1.8 3.3 3.5 2.4 16.2 12.7

300 to 399 45.1 ................................... 34.8 10.3 1.0 1.8 .8 2.0 3.3 7.2 4.3 5.5 1.8 4.7 20.9 19.5

400 to 499 56.0 ................................... 43.2 12.8 1.9 1.5 1.1 2.3 3.9 7.3 5.1 10.1 2.2 3.9 27.5 24.6

500 to 599 50.5 ................................... 40.8 9.7 2.9 1.0 .4 1.5 2.4 4.8 5.8 8.8 2.0 5.1 23.0 22.4

600 to 699 47.6 ................................... 39.9 7.8 2.9 1.2 .5 .7 3.1 4.1 4.9 6.0 2.9 3.3 24.4 19.9

700 to 799 37.6 ................................... 34.1 3.5 3.2 1.2 .9 1.0 1.7 2.0 6.7 4.1 1.1 2.9 17.6 17.1

800 to 899 30.3 ................................... 28.2 2.1 3.3 .7 – .7 .6 2.1 6.9 1.7 2.4 3.3 11.4 15.6

900 to 999 23.9 ................................... 21.1 2.8 .7 .4 .5 .2 1.6 1.8 6.3 3.0 2.6 3.1 9.3 11.6

1,000 to 1,499 76.1 ................................ 69.9 6.2 5.8 2.2 .6 1.6 4.6 4.4 22.5 6.9 7.0 9.1 30.3 36.7

1,500 or more 48.1 ................................ 42.3 5.8 2.9 .3 .2 2.1 3.9 2.0 15.8 5.8 5.2 9.9 17.2 20.9 Not reported 92.7 ................................. 60.0 32.6 1.1 3.8 1.7 3.3 18.5 19.4 23.5 13.1 17.4 24.5 34.9 33.2 Median 670 ...................................... 720 474 812 571 483 567 601 479 961 589 820 776 636 696

1See back cover for details.

2Figures may not add to total because more than one category may apply to a unit.

3Does not include multiunits, cooperatives or condominiums.

AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998 11

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 2~4. Selected Equipment and PlumbingmOccupied Units

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Tenure Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Selected subareas1

Physical problems

Total

occupied

units Owner Renter

New

con~

struction

4 years

Mobile

homes Severe Moderate Black Hispanic

Elderly

(65

years

and

over)

Moved

in past

year

Below

poverty

level

Area

one

Area

two

Area

three

Total 855.7 ................................ 508.6 347.1 30.2 16.3 19.6 37.8 111.1 106.3 151.1 153.1 101.0 148.7 370.0 337.0

Equipment2

Lacking complete kitchen facilities 21.1 .............. 4.8 16.3 .3 .6 3.9 17.2 6.1 3.0 2.2 6.3 6.0 6.6 9.7 4.8

With complete kitchen (sink, refrigerator, and oven

or burners) 834.6 .................................. 503.8 330.8 29.8 15.7 15.7 20.6 105.0 103.4 148.9 146.8 95.1 142.1 360.3 332.2

Kitchen sink 851.1 .................................. 507.8 343.3 30.0 16.3 17.3 35.5 109.9 106.1 150.4 151.2 99.3 147.3 366.9 337.0

Refrigerator 852.2 .................................. 507.6 344.5 30.0 16.3 18.5 35.3 110.5 105.9 150.7 151.7 100.0 147.6 368.0 336.6

Cooking stove or range 843.1 ........................ 504.4 338.7 29.6 15.7 16.2 31.0 107.4 104.7 149.6 149.4 98.2 144.8 364.1 334.2

Burners, no stove or range – ..................... – – – – – – – – – – ––– –

Microwave oven only 3.4 .......................... 2.9 .4 .3 – .2 .8 .9 – .3 .8 – 1.1 1.6 .6

Dishwasher 543.6 .................................. 404.5 139.1 28.8 7.9 5.8 12.9 40.2 46.0 91.5 86.4 41.7 49.9 237.4 256.4

Washing machine 602.0 ............................. 465.6 136.4 28.3 8.9 7.6 18.8 57.1 62.2 110.8 80.8 53.3 76.9 265.7 259.4

Clothes dryer 587.0 ................................. 455.5 131.5 27.9 8.9 6.7 18.7 54.6 58.4 103.5 79.1 51.8 71.5 261.7 253.8

Disposal in kitchen sink 591.8 ........................ 400.5 191.4 28.8 8.3 6.9 16.8 55.1 60.7 97.5 102.4 52.1 66.8 260.7 264.4

Trash compactor 59.4 ............................. 47.9 11.5 5.5 .3 .2 .9 4.6 2.7 5.2 11.3 5.3 5.2 23.2 31.1

Air conditioning:

Central 245.7 .................................... 191.6 54.1 23.0 5.3 1.7 5.3 7.7 22.3 46.2 41.7 17.8 5.2 69.6 170.9

Additional Central 19.1 ........................... 17.2 1.9 3.4 .3 – .4 .2 1.7 3.5 2.4 1.3 .4 6.9 11.8

1 room unit 87.7 ................................ 43.8 43.9 1.2 5.0 2.6 4.6 11.5 11.5 15.5 16.7 11.3 10.9 31.1 45.7

2 room units 18.6 ............................... 10.1 8.5 .4 .6 .3 1.1 2.9 4.6 3.2 2.4 3.1 2.8 6.1 9.7

3 room units or more 10.2 ........................ 7.8 2.4 – – .2 .9 1.1 1.4 1.7 1.8 1.3 2.0 4.6 3.6

Main Heating Equipment

Warm~air furnace 631.7 ............................. 431.3 200.5 28.0 14.2 7.7 20.1 73.4 64.4 114.2 105.7 61.5 93.2 275.6 262.9 Steam or hot water system 22.6 ..................... 7.0 15.6 .9 .6 3.7 2.0 3.9 2.6 4.6 5.3 3.6 6.7 9.3 6.6 Electric heat pump 9.8 ............................ 4.5 5.3 .9 – – .5 1.3 .7 3.0 2.2 1.3 1.4 2.9 5.6 Built~in electric units 37.6 ........................... 12.2 25.4 .4 – .2 2.1 8.9 6.2 7.3 10.6 9.1 11.0 15.2 11.4 Floor, wall, or other built~in hot air units without ducts 124.1 ....................................... 43.4 80.7 – .6 5.2 9.1 20.8 23.4 18.4 25.0 19.7 26.8 55.8 41.5 Room heaters with flue 11.4 ........................ 3.0 8.3 – – .2 .4 1.3 5.5 .6 1.8 2.1 3.8 4.5 3.1 Room heaters without flue 1.6 ..................... .7 .8 – .3 .2 1.4 .2 – .7 – .2 .2 .4 .9 Portable electric heaters 5.5 ....................... 1.2 4.3 – .3 1.2 .4 .4 .6 1.2 .9 1.5 1.3 2.6 1.6 Stoves 1.8 ...................................... 1.3 .4 – – – – .2 – .2 .2 .2 .2 .9 .7 Fireplaces with inserts .6 ......................... .6 – – – – .2 – – .2 – – – – .6 Fireplaces without inserts .6 ...................... .6 – – – – .2 – – – – – .2 – .4 Other 3.9 ....................................... 1.8 2.1 – .3 .2 .4 .4 .3 .2 .2 .4 1.1 1.8 1.1 Cooking stove .6 ................................ – .6 – – .2 .2 – .4 – .2 .4 .6 – – None 3.7 ........................................ .8 2.9 – – .8 .7 .2 2.1 .4 1.1 .8 2.1 1.0 .6

Other Heating Equipment2

Warm~air furnace 5.2 ............................. 4.0 1.2 – .3 – .6 .2 – 2.2 .6 .4 .4 1.5 3.3

Steam or hot water system .2 ..................... .2 – – – – – .2 – – – .2 .2 – – Electric heat pump 1.5 ............................ 1.1 .4 – – – – – – .9 .2 – – – 1.5 Built~in electric units 29.1 ........................... 16.7 12.4 – – .2 1.7 3.1 1.7 5.2 4.9 3.6 6.3 14.7 8.1 Floor, wall, or other built~in hot~air units without ducts 9.4 ....................................... 4.3 5.0 – – .4 .4 3.1 .7 1.3 .9 1.3 2.9 4.9 1.7 Room heaters with flue 4.2 ........................ 2.6 1.6 – – .2 .4 .2 .2 .9 .9 .5 1.1 2.2 .9 Room heaters without flue 3.7 ..................... 2.9 .9 – – – .2 .2 .7 .9 .7 .5 1.3 1.1 1.3 Portable electric heaters 148.5 ....................... 99.0 49.5 1.7 3.4 4.7 7.9 17.9 14.0 29.8 17.3 14.1 31.7 64.5 52.4 Stoves 23.2 ...................................... 19.3 3.9 .4 – .7 1.3 .6 2.4 3.4 1.8 1.5 2.0 10.5 10.7 Fireplaces with inserts 46.5 ......................... 39.2 7.3 1.3 – .2 1.3 3.2 5.2 7.5 6.0 2.3 6.2 19.1 21.2 Fireplaces without inserts 71.8 ...................... 51.2 20.5 3.1 – 1.5 3.7 6.4 8.0 7.1 13.5 6.1 8.4 28.7 34.7 Other 5.7 ....................................... 3.9 1.8 – – – .4 – .4 1.6 .6 .4 .9 3.3 1.5 Cooking stove 7.4 ................................ 3.7 3.7 – – .2 .7 1.8 .7 2.3 1.1 1.3 2.2 2.2 2.9 None 537.4 ........................................ 297.4 240.0 22.8 12.3 11.7 20.6 72.4 74.9 96.5 104.2 69.9 86.8 238.5 212.1

Used as parallel heating equipment2 .... 50.6 31.2 19.4 .4 .3 1.6 3.5 6.0 5.0 9.4 5.6 5.2 10.6 23.7 16.3 Warm~air furnace 3.5 ............................. 3.1 .4 – .3 – – – – 1.8 .2 – – 1.1 2.4 Steam or hot water system – ..................... – – – – – – – – – – ––– – Electric heat pump .5 ............................ .2 .2 – – – – – – .2 – – – – .5 Built~in electric units 16.0 ........................... 9.7 6.3 – – – 1.1 1.6 .8 2.8 1.5 1.8 4.0 8.1 3.9 Floor, wall, or other built~in hot~air units without ducts 5.7 ....................................... 2.7 3.1 – – .2 .4 2.0 .5 .7 .4 .4 1.7 3.2 .9 Room heaters with flue 2.2 ........................ .8 1.3 – – .2 .2 .2 – .2 .7 – .4 1.3 .4 Stoves 5.2 ...................................... 4.3 .9 – – .2 .4 .2 .7 1.3 – .6 .4 3.0 1.7 Fireplaces with inserts 5.0 ......................... 3.9 1.1 .2 – – – .2 1.3 1.3 1.1 .6 .9 2.6 1.5 Fireplaces with no inserts 11.9 ...................... 6.6 5.2 .2 – .7 .9 1.3 1.3 1.1 1.3 1.5 2.6 4.4 4.9 Cooking stove ................................ 2.0 .7 1.3 – – .2 .5 .9 .2 .4 .2 .4 .9 .7 .4 Other 1.3 ....................................... .8 .4 – – – .2 – .2 – .4 .2 .4 .2 .6

Used as supplemental heating

equipment2 ......................... 247.9 171.7 76.2 6.1 3.4 6.3 11.4 26.2 23.9 43.4 35.7 21.5 43.0 106.4 98.4 Warm~air furnace 1.1 ............................. .6 .4 – – – .2 – – .2 .4 .4 .2 .4 .4 Steam or hot water system .2 ..................... .2 – – – – – .2 – – – .2 .2 – –

Electric heat pump 1.1 ............................ .9 .2 – – – – – – .6 .2 – – – 1.1

Built~in electric units 12.6 ........................... 6.5 6.1 – – .2 .7 1.5 .8 2.2 3.1 1.8 2.2 6.3 4.0

Floor, wall, or other built~in hot~air units without

ducts 3.7 ....................................... 1.7 2.0 – – .2 – 1.2 .2 .6 .4 .9 1.2 1.7 .8

Room heaters with flue 2.0 ........................ 1.8 .2 – – – .2 – .2 .7 .2 .5 .7 .9 .4

Room heaters without flue 3.7 ..................... 2.9 .9 – – – .2 .2 .7 .9 .7 .5 1.3 1.1 1.3

Portable electric heaters 148.5 ....................... 99.0 49.5 1.7 3.4 4.7 7.9 17.9 14.0 29.8 17.3 14.1 31.7 64.5 52.4

Stoves 18.0 ...................................... 15.0 3.0 .4 – .4 .9 .4 1.7 2.1 1.8 .9 1.6 7.5 9.0

Fireplaces with inserts 29.2 ......................... 26.0 3.2 1.1 – .2 .2 1.7 2.8 4.7 2.5 1.3 2.9 12.2 14.2

Fireplaces with no inserts 58.9 ...................... 44.0 14.9 2.9 – .9 2.8 5.1 6.4 5.8 12.0 4.6 5.8 23.6 29.5

Cooking stove 5.3 ................................ 3.0 2.3 – – – .2 .9 .4 1.9 .8 .8 1.3 1.5 2.5

Other 3.9 ....................................... 2.8 1.1 – – – .2 – .2 1.3 .2 .2 .5 2.8 .7

Plumbing

With all plumbing facilities 846.6 ...................... 505.8 340.8 30.2 15.4 10.5 37.8 109.4 105.2 149.4 151.3 99.0 145.8 365.7 335.0

Lacking some or all plumbing facilities2 .......... 9.1 2.8 6.3 – .9 9.1 – 1.7 1.1 1.7 1.8 2.0 2.9 4.3 2.0

No hot piped water 1.6 .......................... .3 1.3 – .3 1.6 – – .2 .3 .4 .4 .2 .8 .6

No bathtub nor shower 3.1 ...................... – 3.1 – – 3.1 – .8 .2 .5 1.5 1.1 1.3 1.8 –

No flush toilet 4.5 .............................. .9 3.6 – .9 4.5 – .8 .2 .8 1.5 1.3 1.3 2.3 .9

No exclusive use 5.1 ........................... 1.9 3.2 – – 5.1 – .9 .7 1.1 .5 .7 1.8 2.4 .9

12 AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 2~4. Selected Equipment and PlumbingmOccupied UnitsmCon.

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Tenure Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Selected subareas1

Physical problems

Total

occupied

units Owner Renter

New

con~

struction

4 years

Mobile

homes Severe Moderate Black Hispanic

Elderly

(65

years

and

over)

Moved

in past

year

Below

poverty

level

Area

one

Area

two

Area

three

Primary Source of Water

Public system or private company 848.7 ............... 504.5 344.1 30.2 15.6 19.1 37.5 110.9 105.0 149.1 151.6 99.6 148.5 367.8 332.4

Well serving 1 to 5 units 5.3 ....................... 3.8 1.4 – .7 .3 .2 – .7 2.0 .4 1.1 – 1.1 4.2

Drilled 4.7 ..................................... 3.5 1.2 – .3 – – – .4 1.7 .4 1.1 – 1.1 3.6

Dug – ....................................... – – – – – – – – – – ––– –

Not reported .6 ............................... .3 .2 – .3 .3 .2 – .2 .3 – – – – .6

Other 1.8 ....................................... .2 1.5 – – .2 – .2 .7 – 1.1 .4 .2 1.1 .4

Safety of Primary Source of Water

Selected primary water sources3........ 855.2 508.6 346.6 30.2 16.3 19.6 37.8 111.1 106.1 151.1 152.6 101.0 148.7 369.7 336.8

Safe to drink 651.0 ................................. 399.3 251.6 22.3 11.3 13.3 23.1 76.7 68.5 124.9 110.8 68.5 108.0 283.8 259.1

Not safe to drink 176.3 .............................. 95.0 81.2 7.2 4.4 5.7 12.4 26.4 35.9 23.1 34.5 26.2 33.4 74.5 68.4

Safety not reported 28.0 ........................... 14.2 13.8 .7 .6 .6 2.3 8.1 1.7 3.1 7.3 6.3 7.3 11.5 9.3

Source of Drinking Water

Primary source not safe to drink 176.3 ........ 95.0 81.2 7.2 4.4 5.7 12.4 26.4 35.9 23.1 34.5 26.2 33.4 74.5 68.4

Drinking and primary water source the same 16.2 ..... 8.5 7.7 .7 .3 .7 1.1 2.9 2.0 2.7 3.4 2.0 4.0 6.3 5.9

Public or private system 16.2 ..................... 8.5 7.7 .7 .3 .7 1.1 2.9 2.0 2.7 3.4 2.0 4.0 6.3 5.9

Individual well – .............................. – – – – – – – – – – ––– –

Spring – ..................................... – – – – – – – – – – ––– –

Cistern – .................................... – – – – – – – – – – ––– –

Stream or lake – ............................. – – – – – – – – – – ––– –

Other – ..................................... – – – – – – – – – – ––– –

Drinking and primary water source different 159.6 ...... 86.3 73.3 6.5 4.1 5.0 11.2 23.3 33.9 20.3 31.2 24.0 29.4 68.2 62.1

Public or private system – ..................... – – – – – – – – – – ––– –

Individual well – .............................. – – – – – – – – – – ––– –

Spring .9 ..................................... .5 .4 .2 – – .2 – – – .2 – .2 .2 .4

Cistern – .................................... – – – – – – – – – – ––– –

Stream or lake .2 ............................. .2 – – – – – – – .2 – – – – .2

Commercial bottled water 118.6 .................... 62.1 56.6 4.4 3.8 4.0 8.6 18.4 27.3 14.5 23.9 17.9 18.2 50.5 49.9

Other 39.9 ..................................... 23.6 16.3 1.9 .3 1.1 2.4 4.9 6.6 5.6 7.0 6.1 10.9 17.4 11.5

Source of drinking water not reported .4 ............ .2 .2 – – – – .2 – – – .2 – – .4

Means of Sewage Disposal

Public sewer 843.0 ................................. 499.1 343.9 30.2 14.1 18.0 37.2 110.9 105.5 147.6 151.6 98.9 148.5 366.0 328.5

Septic tank, cesspool, chemical toilet 12.0 ............ 9.2 2.8 – 1.9 .8 .5 .2 .9 3.5 1.3 1.9 – 3.8 8.2

Other .7 ....................................... .3 .4 – .3 .7 – – – – .2 .2 .2 .2 .3

1See back cover for details.

2Figures may not add to total because more than one category may apply to a unit.

3Excludes units where primary source of water is commercial bottled water.

AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998 13

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 2~5. FuelsmOccupied Units

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Tenure Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Selected subareas1

Physical problems

Total

occupied

units Owner Renter

New

con~

struction

4 years

Mobile

homes Severe Moderate Black Hispanic

Elderly

(65

years

and

over)

Moved

in past

year

Below

poverty

level

Area

one

Area

two

Area

three

Total 855.7 ................................ 508.6 347.1 30.2 16.3 19.6 37.8 111.1 106.3 151.1 153.1 101.0 148.7 370.0 337.0

Main House Heating Fuel

Housing units with heating fuel 851.7 ......... 507.5 344.2 30.2 16.3 18.8 37.0 110.9 104.2 150.7 152.0 100.2 146.6 368.7 336.4

Electricity 175.3 .................................... 74.8 100.5 5.8 1.6 4.1 7.1 31.2 22.3 28.6 43.4 28.8 34.7 75.4 65.2

Piped gas 658.1 .................................... 422.1 236.1 24.2 11.4 12.9 28.2 78.0 79.5 119.2 106.7 68.2 108.5 285.7 264.0

Bottled gas 6.3 ................................... 4.8 1.5 – 2.8 .6 .3 .3 1.1 1.6 – 1.0 .5 2.7 3.1

Fuel oil 1.8 ...................................... .5 1.3 .2 – – .2 – .2 .4 1.1 .4 .6 .9 .2

Kerosene or other liquid fuel 1.1 .................... .4 .7 – .3 .2 .6 – – .2 – .2 .2 .4 .5

Coal or coke .2 ................................. – .2 – – .2 – – – – – – – .2 –

Wood 3.7 ....................................... 2.8 .9 – – – .4 .2 .2 .2 .2 .7 .4 .9 2.3

Solar energy .6 ................................. .4 .2 – – – – .2 .2 – .2 .2 – .4 .2

Other 4.6 ....................................... 1.8 2.8 – .3 .7 .2 .9 .7 .4 .4 .7 1.7 2.1 .8

Other House Heating Fuels2

With other heating fuel 289.1 ........................ 195.4 93.7 6.5 3.7 6.9 14.0 32.0 28.1 51.3 41.6 25.5 52.1 122.8 114.3 Electricity 174.7 .................................. 111.8 62.9 1.7 3.4 4.9 9.7 21.2 15.5 34.8 21.9 17.4 36.8 77.0 60.9 Piped gas 31.7 .................................. 20.7 10.9 1.5 – .9 1.8 4.7 2.2 5.8 5.9 3.3 6.2 14.6 10.8 Bottled gas .5 ................................. .5 – – .3 – – – – .5 – – – .2 .3 Fuel oil 3.6 .................................... 2.5 1.1 – – – .2 .3 .2 .4 .4 .2 1.1 1.3 1.1 Kerosene or other liquid fuel 1.1 .................. .9 .2 – – – – .2 .7 .4 – .2 .4 .2 .4 Coal or coke – ............................... – – – – – – – – – – ––– – Wood 116.3 ..................................... 88.5 27.9 2.8 – 2.0 5.0 9.6 13.2 13.9 16.8 8.9 15.1 46.6 54.6 Solar energy – ............................... – – – – – – – – – – ––– – Other 7.4 ..................................... 6.5 .9 .6 – .2 .7 – .7 1.7 1.5 – .6 3.2 3.5

Cooking Fuel

With cooking fuel 846.5 ..................... 507.4 339.1 29.9 15.7 16.4 31.8 108.3 104.7 149.9 150.1 98.2 145.9 365.7 334.8

Electricity 480.0 .................................... 291.7 188.3 6.4 2.6 6.8 13.2 54.2 52.4 96.7 77.5 53.3 55.8 217.5 206.7

Piped gas 360.3 .................................... 210.7 149.6 23.5 10.0 9.0 18.2 53.8 51.7 52.1 72.6 44.4 90.1 146.2 124.0

Bottled gas 4.8 ................................... 3.7 1.1 – 3.1 .6 .3 .3 .6 1.1 – .5 – 1.6 3.2

Kerosene or other liquid fuel .2 .................... .2 – – – – – – – – – – – – .2

Coal or coke – ................................. – – – – – – – – – – ––– –

Wood – ....................................... – – – – – – – – – – ––– –

Other 1.1 ....................................... 1.1 – – – – – – – – – – – .4 .6

Water Heating Fuel

With hot piped water 854.1 .................. 508.3 345.8 30.2 16.0 18.0 37.8 111.1 106.1 150.8 152.7 100.6 148.5 369.2 336.4

Electricity 82.6 .................................... 37.6 45.0 2.2 1.3 1.6 4.0 13.3 10.5 16.5 17.3 11.3 12.2 37.8 32.6

Piped gas 760.3 .................................... 463.7 296.6 28.0 11.7 15.6 33.4 97.3 93.3 131.1 134.9 88.1 135.3 325.9 299.1

Bottled gas 6.1 ................................... 4.6 1.6 – 3.1 .6 .3 .3 1.1 1.3 – 1.0 .5 2.5 3.2

Fuel oil .2 ...................................... .2 – – – – – – – – – – – .2 –

Kerosene or other liquid fuel – .................... – – – – – – – – – – ––– –

Coal or coke – ................................. – – – – – – – – – – ––– –

Wood .2 ....................................... .2 – – – – – – – – – – – – .2

Solar energy 3.2 ................................. 1.7 1.5 – – – – – .7 1.1 – – .5 1.6 1.1

Other 1.4 ....................................... .2 1.2 – – .2 – .2 .5 .7 .4 .2 – 1.1 .2

Central Air Conditioning Fuel

With central air conditioning 245.7 ............ 191.6 54.1 23.0 5.3 1.7 5.3 7.7 22.3 46.2 41.7 17.8 5.2 69.6 170.9

Electricity 223.9 .................................... 175.1 48.9 22.0 5.0 1.7 4.4 6.8 20.5 39.3 40.0 15.7 5.0 63.2 155.8

Piped gas 20.8 .................................... 15.9 4.9 1.1 – – .9 .9 1.5 6.6 1.7 1.8 .2 6.0 14.6

Other .9 ....................................... .6 .3 – .3 – – – .3 .3 – .3 – .4 .5

Other Central Air Fuel

With other central air 19.1 .................. 17.2 1.9 3.4 .3 – .4 .2 1.7 3.5 2.4 1.3 .4 6.9 11.8 Electricity 14.5 .................................... 13.2 1.3 3.2 – – – – 1.1 2.4 1.9 .6 .2 5.4 8.9 Gas 4.2 ......................................... 3.6 .6 .2 .3 – .2 .2 .4 1.2 .2 .7 – 1.5 2.6 Other .4 ....................................... .4 – – – – .2 – .2 – .2 – .2 – .2

Clothes Dryer Fuel

With clothes dryer 587.0 .................... 455.5 131.5 27.9 8.9 6.7 18.7 54.6 58.4 103.5 79.1 51.8 71.5 261.7 253.8

Electricity 385.9 .................................... 295.8 90.1 17.6 3.9 3.9 11.8 34.6 36.5 77.1 52.8 35.5 40.1 172.6 173.2

Piped gas 199.7 .................................... 158.6 41.2 10.3 4.7 2.8 6.9 20.0 21.6 25.9 26.3 16.0 31.4 88.0 80.3

Other 1.4 ....................................... 1.2 .2 – .3 – – – .3 .5 – .2 – 1.2 .2

Units Using Each Fuel2

Electricity 854.8 .................................... 508.2 346.7 30.2 16.3 18.7 37.8 111.1 105.9 151.1 152.9 101.0 148.7 369.8 336.3

Piped gas 805.0 .................................... 486.8 318.2 29.1 12.6 17.8 36.1 103.7 99.9 138.0 144.0 92.9 140.6 350.4 314.0

Bottled gas 6.8 ................................... 5.0 1.8 – 3.1 .6 .3 .3 1.1 1.8 – 1.2 .5 2.9 3.4

Fuel oil 48.9 ...................................... 27.4 21.5 1.1 .3 1.1 1.6 4.7 7.9 8.1 10.1 6.8 8.0 32.0 8.9

Kerosene or other liquid fuel 2.4 .................... 1.5 .9 – .3 .2 .6 .2 .7 .6 – .4 .7 .6 1.1

Coal or coke ................................. .2 – .2 – – .2 – – – – – – – .2 –

Wood 117.4 ....................................... 89.5 27.9 2.8 – 2.0 5.2 9.6 13.2 13.9 16.8 8.9 15.1 46.6 55.7

Solar energy 3.6 ................................. 1.9 1.7 – – – – .2 .9 1.1 .2 .2 .5 1.8 1.3 Other 14.3 ....................................... 9.4 4.9 .6 .3 .9 .9 .9 2.1 3.1 2.4 .9 2.6 7.1 4.6

All electric units 49.9 ............................... 19.4 30.6 1.3 .6 .8 1.6 8.0 6.6 11.1 11.1 7.5 7.3 22.2 20.5

1See back cover for details.

2Figures may not add to total because more than one category may apply to a unit.

14 AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 2~6. Failures in EquipmentmOccupied Units

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Tenure Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Selected subareas1

Physical problems

Total

occupied

units Owner Renter

New

con~

struction

4 years

Mobile

homes Severe Moderate Black Hispanic

Elderly

(65

years

and

over)

Moved

in past

year

Below

poverty

level

Area

one

Area

two

Area

three

Total 855.7 ................................ 508.6 347.1 30.2 16.3 19.6 37.8 111.1 106.3 151.1 153.1 101.0 148.7 370.0 337.0

Water Supply Stoppage

With hot and cold piped water 854.1 .......... 508.3 345.8 30.2 16.0 18.0 37.8 111.1 106.1 150.8 152.7 100.6 148.5 369.2 336.4

No stoppage in last 3 months 763.6 ................... 462.8 300.8 28.0 10.4 16.4 29.1 95.1 97.4 138.7 134.5 89.1 132.6 332.2 298.9

With stoppage in last 3 months 52.1 ................. 23.1 29.0 .8 4.7 1.6 5.5 6.5 6.5 7.9 9.2 4.3 5.9 26.0 20.2

No stoppage lasting 6 hours or more 18.7 .......... 8.9 9.8 .2 1.2 .4 1.8 1.8 1.7 4.4 3.2 1.2 2.4 9.8 6.5

1 time lasting 6 hours or more 19.2 ................ 7.3 11.9 .4 1.5 .8 1.8 2.8 2.7 1.2 2.8 1.8 2.4 9.0 7.8

2 times 7.2 .................................... 3.7 3.5 .2 1.3 .2 .9 .8 1.0 1.1 1.7 .4 .2 4.4 2.6

3 times 2.8 .................................... 1.0 1.9 – .6 .2 .2 .4 .2 .5 .6 .2 .4 1.0 1.4

4 times or more 3.7 ............................. 1.8 1.9 – – – .9 .7 .8 .5 .9 .6 .4 1.5 1.8

Number of times not reported .4 ................ .4 – – – – – – – .2 – – – .2 .2

Stoppage not reported 38.4 ......................... 22.4 16.0 1.3 .9 – 3.2 9.5 2.2 4.2 9.0 7.3 10.1 11.0 17.3

Flush Toilet Breakdowns

With one or more flush toilets 851.2 ........... 507.7 343.5 30.2 15.4 15.1 37.8 110.4 106.1 150.3 151.6 99.7 147.5 367.7 336.1

With at least one working toilet at all times in last 3

months 779.7 ..................................... 473.6 306.2 26.7 13.5 14.1 29.8 95.0 97.1 141.1 134.6 88.3 131.5 343.9 304.4

None working some time in last 3 months 34.6 ........ 12.6 22.0 2.1 .9 1.0 5.5 6.1 7.0 4.8 8.4 4.3 6.1 13.4 15.0

No breakdowns lasting 6 hours or more 15.5 ........ 6.6 8.9 .9 .6 .2 2.1 1.9 4.1 2.5 3.3 1.9 2.1 5.4 8.0

1 time lasting 6 hours or more 13.6 ................ 4.2 9.4 .6 .3 .2 1.9 2.4 2.1 2.1 3.3 1.3 2.6 5.4 5.6

2 times 3.3 .................................... 1.1 2.3 .6 – .4 – 1.4 .2 .2 .9 .5 1.2 1.5 .6

3 times .2 .................................... .2 – – – – .2 – – – – – .2 – –

4 times or more 1.5 ............................. .4 1.1 – – .2 1.3 .2 .4 – .6 .2 – .9 .6

Number of times not reported .4 ................ – .4 – – – – .2 .2 – .2 .4 – .2 .2

Breakdowns not reported 36.9 ...................... 21.5 15.4 1.3 .9 – 2.5 9.3 2.0 4.4 8.6 7.1 9.8 10.4 16.7

Sewage Disposal Breakdowns

With public sewer 843.0 ..................... 499.1 343.9 30.2 14.1 18.0 37.2 110.9 105.5 147.6 151.6 98.9 148.5 366.0 328.5

No breakdowns in last 3 months 819.8 ................ 488.9 330.9 30.0 13.8 17.2 34.2 106.5 102.1 144.8 147.6 96.5 143.8 355.2 320.8

With breakdowns in last 3 months 23.1 ............... 10.2 13.0 .2 .3 .8 3.1 4.4 3.4 2.8 4.0 2.4 4.7 10.7 7.7

No breakdowns lasting 6 hours or more 6.6 ........ 3.2 3.4 – .3 – .5 .4 1.2 .8 1.0 1.1 1.8 2.6 2.2

1 time lasting 6 hours or more 11.0 ................ 4.8 6.3 .2 – .6 1.0 2.2 1.5 1.1 1.7 .6 2.0 5.2 3.8

2 times 3.1 .................................... 1.8 1.3 – – – .5 .6 .5 .9 .2 .4 .2 1.8 1.1

3 times 1.5 .................................... .5 1.1 – – .2 .4 .8 .2 – .4 – .2 .7 .6 4 times or more .9 ............................. – .9 – – – .7 .2 – – .7 .2 .4 .4 –

With septic tank or cesspool 12.0 ............ 9.2 2.8 – 1.9 .8 .5 .2 .9 3.5 1.3 1.9 – 3.8 8.2 No breakdowns in last 3 months 11.4 ................ 8.8 2.6 – 1.9 .8 .5 .2 .9 3.3 1.3 1.9 – 3.6 7.7 With breakdowns in last 3 months .6 ............... .4 .2 – – – – – – .2 – – – .2 .4 No breakdowns lasting 6 hours or more .2 ........ .2 – – – – – – – .2 – – – – .2 1 time lasting 6 hours or more .4 ................ .2 .2 – – – – – – – – – – .2 .2 2 times – .................................... – – – – – – – – – – ––– – 3 times – .................................... – – – – – – – – – – ––– – 4 times or more – ............................. – – – – – – – – – – ––– –

Heating Problems

With heating equipment and occupied

last winter 806.3 ........................... 489.0 317.3 24.6 15.3 18.4 34.5 105.6 98.5 149.1 106.8 93.9 139.7 346.9 319.7 Not uncomfortably cold for 24 hours or more last

winter 606.5 ...................................... 404.1 202.4 22.0 11.3 5.8 19.8 62.3 69.1 122.0 65.8 63.7 89.4 258.8 258.2 Uncomfortably cold for 24 hours or more last

winter2 ..................................... 88.6 38.3 50.3 1.1 1.8 10.4 7.9 16.6 14.4 8.1 11.9 11.4 19.2 37.0 32.4 Equipment breakdowns 28.3 ...................... 11.5 16.8 .4 .6 9.0 2.2 5.8 3.4 1.8 2.7 3.2 6.2 11.3 10.7 No breakdowns lasting 6 hours or more .9 ...... .5 .4 – – – .2 – – – – .2 – .9 – 1 time lasting 6 hours or more 14.7 .............. 8.7 6.0 .4 .3 – 1.1 2.1 1.9 .7 1.9 1.3 2.0 7.1 5.6 2 times 3.8 .................................. 1.0 2.7 – .3 – .9 1.3 .2 .9 .2 .4 .7 .9 2.2 3 times .9 .................................. .4 .4 – – .9 – .2 .2 – – – .2 .4 .2 4 times or more 8.1 ........................... .9 7.3 – – 8.1 – 2.1 1.1 .2 .6 1.3 3.3 2.0 2.8 Number of times not reported – .............. – – – – – – – – – – ––– – Other causes 64.9 ............................... 27.6 37.2 .7 1.5 4.4 6.3 12.0 11.9 6.8 9.2 9.1 14.5 27.4 23.0 Utility interruption 3.7 ......................... 2.6 1.1 – – .2 – .2 .2 .9 .7 .2 .7 1.7 1.3 Inadequate heating capacity 23.7 ................ 6.5 17.2 – .3 3.0 3.1 5.3 6.1 2.6 4.7 4.4 7.2 8.5 8.0 Inadequate insulation 22.5 ...................... 6.7 15.8 – .6 2.4 2.6 4.0 3.6 1.6 3.0 3.6 6.4 10.2 5.8

Cost of heating 14.8 ........................... 7.1 7.6 – .3 .9 1.5 2.2 1.7 .7 2.6 2.2 2.5 7.1 5.2

Other 18.2 ................................... 9.7 8.5 .7 .6 1.3 1.3 3.2 3.0 3.3 1.7 2.1 4.7 6.6 6.9

Not reported 1.1 ............................. .7 .5 – – – – .2 .2 – – – – .5 .7

Reason for discomfort not reported .2 ............ – .2 – – – – – – – .2 – – – .2

Discomfort not reported 111.3 ........................ 46.6 64.6 1.5 2.2 2.1 6.9 26.8 15.0 18.9 29.0 18.8 31.1 51.1 29.1

Electric Fuses and Circuit Breakers

With electrical wiring 855.7 .................. 508.6 347.1 30.2 16.3 19.6 37.8 111.1 106.3 151.1 153.1 101.0 148.7 370.0 337.0

No fuses or breakers blown in last 3 months 488.7 ...... 254.0 234.8 21.1 9.8 9.7 19.7 61.7 73.8 85.9 116.3 63.4 89.7 219.5 179.6

With fuses or breakers blown in last 3 months 316.7 .... 225.7 91.0 7.0 5.6 9.4 14.9 38.4 28.9 57.3 26.1 28.5 46.8 134.5 135.5

1 time 84.0 ..................................... 52.9 31.1 3.4 1.9 1.3 3.6 12.0 7.6 13.9 10.9 9.1 14.1 34.6 35.3

2 times 52.2 .................................... 34.3 18.0 .9 .3 2.6 3.2 7.2 4.9 10.4 4.6 6.0 8.6 22.1 21.6

3 times 35.3 .................................... 24.1 11.2 .7 .6 1.4 1.5 5.0 4.3 6.5 3.9 3.1 6.3 13.8 15.2 4 times or more 142.0 ............................. 111.9 30.1 2.0 2.8 4.1 6.6 13.4 11.7 25.2 6.4 10.0 17.1 62.1 62.9 Number of times not reported 3.1 ................ 2.4 .7 – – – – .9 .5 1.3 .2 .2 .7 2.0 .4 Problem not reported or don’t know 50.2 ............. 29.0 21.3 2.0 .9 .5 3.1 11.0 3.6 7.9 10.8 9.2 12.3 16.0 21.9

1See back cover for details.

2Other causes and equipment breakdowns may not add to total as both may be reported.

AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998 15

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 2~7. Additional Indicators of Housing QualitymOccupied Units

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Tenure Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Selected subareas1

Physical problems

Total

occupied

units Owner Renter

New

con~

struction

4 years

Mobile

homes Severe Moderate Black Hispanic

Elderly

(65

years

and

over)

Moved

in past

year

Below

poverty

level

Area

one

Area

two

Area

three

Total 855.7 ................................ 508.6 347.1 30.2 16.3 19.6 37.8 111.1 106.3 151.1 153.1 101.0 148.7 370.0 337.0

Selected Amenities2

Porch, deck, balcony, or patio 716.2 .................. 466.4 249.8 27.4 13.2 12.2 26.7 80.1 85.5 132.0 117.6 75.7 102.9 310.9 302.5 Telephone available ... ........................... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Usable fireplace 475.3 .............................. 387.5 87.9 25.8 .3 5.0 13.3 35.7 39.5 85.0 62.1 35.9 57.3 199.7 218.4 Separate dining room 273.8 ......................... 215.6 58.2 10.2 1.8 5.5 8.5 29.3 24.1 55.6 34.6 25.1 59.6 105.8 108.4 With 2 or more living rooms or recreation rooms,

etc. 311.9 ........................................ 273.7 38.2 20.7 5.1 2.4 7.4 20.0 24.6 58.2 35.6 20.0 30.2 125.5 156.3 Garage or carport included with home 710.3 ........... 474.8 235.5 28.9 11.4 11.1 26.5 75.5 81.7 128.0 114.7 72.0 98.0 307.5 304.9 Not included 144.3 ................................. 33.1 111.2 1.3 4.9 8.5 10.8 35.2 24.6 23.1 37.9 29.0 50.3 62.3 31.7 Offstreet parking included 103.8 .................... 28.1 75.7 1.1 4.9 5.3 6.2 24.1 20.1 18.1 24.1 20.0 32.1 45.3 26.4 Offstreet parking not reported .4 ................ – .4 – – – .2 .2 – – – .2 .2 .2 – Garage or carport not reported 1.1 ................. .7 .4 – – – .5 .4 – – .4 – .4 .2 .4

Cars and Trucks Available2

No cars, trucks, or vans 66.6 ....................... 10.7 55.9 .2 1.2 4.1 4.8 21.2 10.7 21.9 17.7 24.7 26.8 23.1 16.7

Other households without cars 61.6 ................. 30.1 31.5 2.5 3.1 1.4 3.3 8.1 9.4 6.2 15.3 7.1 7.1 30.3 24.2

1 car with or without trucks or vans 395.4 .............. 223.6 171.8 12.3 8.9 9.0 17.9 53.9 49.6 80.4 70.8 48.2 74.3 170.6 150.5

2 cars 253.8 ....................................... 183.3 70.5 12.0 3.1 3.8 9.4 22.1 27.9 37.0 40.8 17.1 31.1 109.9 112.7

3 or more cars 78.3 ................................ 60.9 17.4 3.2 – 1.4 2.3 5.9 8.7 5.6 8.5 3.9 9.3 36.1 32.8

With cars, no trucks or vans 448.7 .................... 252.4 196.3 16.7 8.8 10.3 20.2 60.6 49.3 90.1 84.5 50.2 83.9 185.8 179.1

1 truck or van with or without cars 262.5 ............... 186.6 75.8 10.6 4.7 4.7 10.8 24.7 34.1 28.7 39.0 20.7 30.7 124.2 107.5

2 or more trucks or vans 77.9 ....................... 58.8 19.1 2.6 1.5 .5 2.0 4.6 12.2 10.4 11.8 5.4 7.3 36.9 33.6

Owner or Manager on Property

Rental, multiunit3 ..................... 186.8 ... 186.8 .7 ... 9.8 17.7 48.2 30.8 21.3 56.7 36.8 63.6 81.4 41.9

Owner or manager lives on property 72.4 ............. ... 72.4 .2 ... 3.7 5.7 19.0 13.0 7.1 24.2 13.2 25.9 26.6 19.8

Neither owner nor manager lives on property 114.5 ..... ... 114.5 .4 ... 6.2 12.0 29.2 17.9 14.2 32.5 23.5 37.7 54.8 22.0

Selected Deficiencies2

Signs of rats in last 3 months 16.2 ................... 9.2 7.1 – .3 1.7 3.4 2.0 2.4 2.2 2.0 2.1 4.5 5.1 6.6 Signs of mice in last 3 months 62.3 .................. 32.9 29.4 1.5 1.6 3.1 5.3 7.5 10.0 6.1 9.6 9.6 13.3 19.3 29.7 Signs of rodents, not sure which kind in last 3

months 5.4 ..................................... 3.0 2.4 – .3 .2 .4 1.0 .2 .4 .6 .8 2.0 1.7 1.7 Holes in floors 9.1 ................................ 1.5 7.6 – .3 1.3 2.8 2.4 1.5 .2 1.9 2.8 3.1 3.0 3.0 Open cracks or holes (interior) 78.8 .................. 38.9 39.9 .9 1.2 5.9 16.6 14.2 12.3 8.1 12.6 10.4 17.5 29.5 31.7

Broken plaster or peeling paint (interior) 38.1 ......... 12.6 25.5 – .3 3.3 14.7 8.7 5.7 4.4 5.6 5.1 11.6 12.7 13.8

No electrical wiring – ............................ – – – – – – – – – – ––– –

Exposed wiring 4.6 ............................... .8 3.7 – – 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.3 – 1.3 .9 1.2 1.6 1.8

Rooms without electric outlets 17.1 .................. 5.5 11.6 .2 1.5 3.0 3.3 4.5 4.3 2.3 4.2 4.3 6.1 3.5 7.5

Water Leakage During Last 12 Months

No leakage from inside structure 707.7 ................ 434.2 273.4 26.6 13.2 14.4 21.2 83.6 90.8 136.5 123.5 81.7 118.4 308.6 280.7 With leakage from inside structure2 ............. 110.3 52.9 57.5 2.2 2.1 5.2 13.8 17.7 13.5 10.4 20.7 11.7 20.0 51.0 39.3 Fixtures backed up or overflowed 46.6 ............. 21.7 25.0 .7 .3 2.9 5.2 6.4 5.6 2.6 10.2 3.7 6.8 23.5 16.4 Pipes leaked 42.8 ............................... 15.6 27.2 1.1 .6 2.8 6.8 9.7 6.5 4.3 7.3 7.6 9.8 18.7 14.3 Other or unknown (includes not reported) 33.9 ...... 19.2 14.6 .7 1.5 1.5 4.6 3.7 3.8 4.7 5.1 2.6 5.4 15.0 13.4 Interior leakage not reported 37.7 ................... 21.5 16.2 1.3 .9 – 2.7 9.9 2.0 4.2 9.0 7.7 10.3 10.3 17.1

No leakage from outside structure 669.8 .............. 394.0 275.8 26.7 12.3 14.9 16.3 79.8 88.1 125.5 128.6 78.8 106.5 296.6 266.6

With leakage from outside structure2 ............ 148.4 93.3 55.1 2.1 3.1 4.7 18.9 21.7 16.5 21.2 16.1 14.8 32.1 63.2 53.1

Roof 88.8 ...................................... 57.1 31.8 .4 2.4 2.7 12.9 12.9 10.3 14.9 9.2 8.7 16.1 35.3 37.4

Basement 13.2 .................................. 10.6 2.6 – – .8 1.3 1.1 1.1 2.4 .5 2.0 5.8 6.1 1.3

Walls, closed windows, or doors 53.3 .............. 28.6 24.7 1.9 .9 2.8 6.6 8.4 5.2 4.8 6.9 5.4 12.0 23.6 17.8

Other or unknown (includes not reported) 18.2 ...... 9.4 8.8 .7 .6 .4 2.9 2.6 2.4 1.7 3.0 2.4 3.9 7.4 6.9

Exterior leakage not reported 37.5 ................... 21.3 16.2 1.3 .9 – 2.5 9.7 1.8 4.4 8.3 7.5 10.1 10.2 17.3

Overall Opinion of Structure

1 (worst) 4.6 ..................................... .7 3.9 – – .4 1.5 1.3 1.5 .4 1.3 1.1 .7 2.2 1.7

2 3.2 ........................................... .5 2.8 – – .4 .4 .6 .4 .2 1.3 1.0 1.4 .5 1.4

3 9.4 ........................................... 2.5 6.9 – .6 1.3 1.9 1.6 1.9 .6 4.0 2.2 1.4 3.9 4.1

4 14.2 ........................................... 3.4 10.8 – – 1.2 1.7 2.4 2.0 1.1 3.5 3.0 2.4 7.1 4.7

5 61.9 ........................................... 20.3 41.6 .6 .3 4.4 3.5 10.7 10.5 7.9 12.9 8.3 14.8 26.9 20.1

6 53.9 ........................................... 21.6 32.3 .2 1.5 2.8 4.6 10.3 10.1 5.1 9.6 6.7 12.2 21.3 20.4 7 142.1 ........................................... 71.9 70.2 3.8 2.2 2.6 8.0 18.3 16.1 15.3 27.7 13.4 25.6 66.8 49.8 8 227.3 ........................................... 146.1 81.1 8.1 5.1 3.1 6.5 23.9 24.3 35.2 39.0 18.6 33.3 104.8 89.2 9 107.6 ........................................... 77.5 30.1 4.9 1.6 1.5 2.7 9.8 13.9 20.9 16.3 9.3 17.1 43.4 47.1 10 (best) 174.0 ..................................... 128.6 45.4 10.0 3.8 1.1 4.2 20.0 20.7 55.9 24.8 26.9 26.1 74.9 73.1 Not reported 57.5 ................................. 35.4 22.1 2.5 1.2 .6 2.8 12.2 4.8 8.5 12.7 10.4 13.9 18.2 25.5

Adequate Inside Maintenance4

Adequate 269.8 .................................... ... 269.8 2.3 1.9 8.6 13.5 51.3 44.3 30.9 78.5 49.5 64.8 120.6 84.4

Inadequate 59.1 ................................... ... 59.1 .2 .6 6.1 10.9 16.0 13.6 4.3 16.2 13.0 18.1 24.7 16.4

Not reported 18.1 ................................. ... 18.1 .4 .3 .2 1.7 6.2 1.1 1.4 6.6 4.7 6.6 5.5 6.0

Buildings and Grounds Properly

Maintained5

Properly maintained 182.8 ........................... ... 182.8 1.1 – 5.8 10.1 40.3 28.0 23.4 59.3 32.9 46.0 88.0 48.9 Not properly maintained 36.6 ....................... ... 36.6 – – 4.2 7.1 11.2 7.7 2.7 8.8 9.3 14.2 11.8 10.6 Not reported 12.5 ................................. ... 12.5 – – .5 1.3 5.4 1.1 1.1 3.3 3.0 5.8 4.2 2.5

16 AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 2~7. Additional Indicators of Housing QualitymOccupied UnitsmCon.

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Tenure Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Selected subareas1

Physical problems

Total

occupied

units Owner Renter

New

con~

struction

4 years

Mobile

homes Severe Moderate Black Hispanic

Elderly

(65

years

and

over)

Moved

in past

year

Below

poverty

level

Area

one

Area

two

Area

three

Selected Physical Problems

Severe physical problems2 ..................... 19.6 4.8 14.8 – .9 19.6 ... 4.1 3.2 1.9 2.8 3.8 6.4 6.9 6.2

Plumbing 9.3 .................................. 2.8 6.5 – .9 9.3 ... 1.9 1.1 1.7 1.8 2.2 2.9 4.5 2.0

Heating 9.0 .................................... 1.3 7.7 – – 9.0 ... 2.4 1.3 .2 .6 1.3 3.6 2.5 3.0

Electric 1.7 .................................... .6 1.0 – – 1.7 ... – .8 – .4 .2 .2 .2 1.3

Upkeep .6 .................................... – .6 – – .6 ... .2 .2 – – .5 .2 .2 .2

Hallways – ................................... – – – – – ... – – – – – – – –

Moderate physical problems2................... 37.8 11.6 26.2 .5 .9 ... 37.8 8.8 5.0 3.9 8.2 7.7 10.2 14.0 13.5

Plumbing 1.5 .................................. .4 1.1 – – ... 1.5 .2 .2 – .6 .2 .2 .9 .4

Heating 1.4 .................................... .7 .6 – .3 ... 1.4 – – .7 – .2 .2 .4 .7

Upkeep 18.4 .................................... 6.2 12.2 .2 .3 ... 18.4 4.2 2.5 1.5 2.2 3.1 4.9 5.6 7.9

Hallways 1.1 ................................... – 1.1 – – ... 1.1 .6 .2 – .7 – .4 .2 .4

Kitchen 17.2 .................................... 4.2 12.9 .3 .3 ... 17.2 4.7 2.8 1.7 5.0 4.8 4.9 7.8 4.4

1See back cover for details.

2Figures may not add to total because more than one category may apply to a unit.

3Two or more units of any tenure in structure.

4Limited to rental units.

5Limited to single attached and multi rental units.

AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998 17

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 2~8. NeighborhoodmOccupied Units

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Tenure Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Selected subareas1

Physical problems

Total

occupied

units Owner Renter

New

con~

struction

4 years

Mobile

homes Severe Moderate Black Hispanic

Elderly

(65

years

and

over)

Moved

in past

year

Below

poverty

level

Area

one

Area

two

Area

three

Total 855.7 ................................ 508.6 347.1 30.2 16.3 19.6 37.8 111.1 106.3 151.1 153.1 101.0 148.7 370.0 337.0

Overall Opinion of Neighborhood

1 (worst) 8.0 ..................................... 2.0 6.0 – – .2 .8 2.2 1.9 2.0 2.0 1.5 2.4 2.8 2.8

2 6.9 ........................................... 1.1 5.7 – – 1.1 .5 1.7 1.2 .4 1.8 2.0 1.9 1.7 3.3

3 12.7 ........................................... 3.6 9.1 – .3 .9 .9 2.6 3.1 1.1 2.8 1.1 2.8 5.9 3.9

4 24.9 ........................................... 10.4 14.5 .4 .6 .7 2.6 5.7 3.0 3.3 5.2 3.3 6.5 9.6 8.8

5 67.3 ........................................... 29.9 37.3 1.3 .6 3.3 4.9 12.1 9.3 11.1 12.8 11.0 14.9 28.0 24.3

6 57.7 ........................................... 25.5 32.2 .6 2.1 1.5 3.7 9.7 7.5 5.5 11.5 5.6 11.7 27.6 18.4

7 136.7 ........................................... 76.5 60.2 4.1 2.1 3.1 5.8 19.2 17.4 16.4 25.9 11.8 27.5 61.3 47.9

8 213.6 ........................................... 136.3 77.3 8.0 3.8 4.2 5.2 20.5 27.5 34.7 35.4 21.1 29.2 99.8 84.6

9 118.1 ........................................... 83.4 34.7 6.9 1.3 1.7 4.1 9.3 13.4 20.1 18.5 9.1 15.3 51.7 51.0

10 (best) 149.4 ..................................... 103.9 45.5 6.1 3.9 1.7 6.3 15.4 16.8 47.1 22.7 23.4 21.8 62.4 65.1

No neighborhood 3.0 ............................. 1.0 2.0 .2 .3 .5 – .4 .5 1.2 1.3 .4 .7 .9 1.4

Not reported 57.4 ................................. 35.1 22.3 2.6 1.2 .6 3.0 12.2 4.8 8.1 13.0 10.6 13.9 18.1 25.5

Street Noise or Traffic

Street noise or traffic present 262.1 ................... 126.5 135.5 4.0 4.9 9.7 16.1 42.9 39.3 44.1 44.2 33.1 53.9 119.3 88.9 Condition not bothersome 136.7 .................... 70.3 66.4 2.5 2.5 3.7 5.6 21.7 18.1 31.9 21.0 16.1 28.3 67.3 41.1 Condition bothersome 124.5 ....................... 55.8 68.7 1.5 2.4 6.1 10.5 21.0 21.3 12.2 22.9 16.8 25.6 51.1 47.8 So bothered they want to move 49.8 ............. 17.0 32.8 – 1.2 3.9 7.0 10.6 10.2 3.1 8.6 7.4 11.0 21.3 17.4 Not reported – ............................. – – – – – – – – – – ––– – Bothersome not reported .9 .................... .4 .4 – – – – .2 – – .2 .2 – .9 – Not reported 35.4 ................................. 20.9 14.5 1.5 .9 – 2.6 9.7 1.8 4.1 7.4 6.2 10.3 8.9 16.2

Neighborhood Crime

Neighborhood crime present 229.3 ................... 121.3 108.0 3.8 4.3 7.9 15.5 38.8 32.2 34.3 30.5 24.3 53.3 96.5 79.4

Condition not bothersome 92.8 .................... 51.8 41.1 1.7 2.8 3.4 6.0 15.1 11.0 19.7 12.7 8.0 21.3 35.0 36.5

Condition bothersome 136.2 ....................... 69.3 66.9 2.1 1.5 4.5 9.5 23.7 21.2 14.6 17.8 16.3 32.0 61.3 42.9

So bothered they want to move 52.3 ............. 17.3 35.0 .4 .3 2.8 5.3 10.6 12.3 3.5 8.8 8.3 15.1 21.2 16.0

Not reported 1.1 ............................. .7 .4 – – – – .4 .2 .2 – – .7 .2 .2

Bothersome not reported .2 .................... .2 – – – – – – – – – – – .2 –

Not reported 43.3 ................................. 23.1 20.2 1.7 .9 – 3.1 11.7 2.9 5.2 11.1 8.4 11.3 14.5 17.5

Odors

Odors present 80.3 ................................ 39.7 40.5 2.1 4.0 4.7 8.1 13.6 13.7 13.0 12.9 10.3 13.1 25.0 42.1

Condition not bothersome 27.9 .................... 13.2 14.6 .7 1.2 1.5 1.6 4.4 5.3 5.6 5.5 3.3 5.2 9.8 12.8

Condition bothersome 52.4 ....................... 26.5 25.9 1.5 2.7 3.2 6.5 9.2 8.4 7.4 7.4 7.0 7.9 15.2 29.3

So bothered they want to move 18.7 ............. 5.4 13.3 .2 .6 1.9 4.2 5.1 4.3 1.5 2.9 3.4 2.7 5.2 10.7

Not reported – ............................. – – – – – – – – – – ––– –

Bothersome not reported – .................... – – – – – – – – – – ––– –

Not reported 36.0 ................................. 20.9 15.1 1.5 .9 – 2.6 9.7 2.0 4.1 7.6 6.4 10.5 9.3 16.2

Other Bothersome Neighborhood

Conditions

No other problems 633.1 ............................ 376.9 256.2 23.4 10.4 14.0 23.4 76.9 80.5 122.0 114.8 78.7 102.6 272.7 257.7

With other problems2 .......................... 184.9 109.4 75.6 5.2 4.9 5.4 11.8 24.6 23.9 24.6 30.6 15.7 35.8 86.5 62.6

Noise 39.6 ..................................... 19.5 20.2 .6 .3 1.2 4.5 4.8 3.6 5.7 7.5 3.9 6.3 20.2 13.0

Litter or housing deterioration 21.7 ................ 12.7 9.0 .2 .3 1.5 2.4 4.6 3.4 3.1 3.2 2.4 7.3 8.2 6.2

Poor city or county services 13.6 .................. 7.7 5.9 .4 .3 1.1 2.4 3.3 1.6 2.1 1.9 1.9 3.8 3.9 6.0

Undesirable commercial, institutional, industrial 8.9 . 5.0 3.9 .5 – .6 1.9 1.7 1.3 1.1 1.7 1.5 3.5 2.2 3.2

People 55.1 .................................... 29.5 25.6 .8 1.9 2.0 5.1 8.2 6.7 7.0 8.0 5.6 8.5 27.0 19.6

Other 102.6 ..................................... 61.8 40.8 3.7 2.8 3.0 5.5 13.7 13.4 13.0 17.7 7.2 21.7 45.1 35.8

No problem 1.1 ................................ .8 .2 .2 – – – – .2 .2 .4 .4 – .9 .2

Type of problem not reported 3.7 ................. 2.2 1.5 – – – .2 .5 .9 .4 .2 – .9 1.5 1.3

Other problems not reported 37.7 ................... 22.3 15.4 1.6 .9 .2 2.5 9.7 2.0 4.5 7.7 6.6 10.3 10.7 16.7

Public Elementary School2

Households with children aged 4~16 ... ............. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Attend public school(K~12) 178.5 ................... 104.5 74.0 5.6 2.2 5.0 10.8 22.2 34.9 3.5 29.8 22.4 24.9 80.5 73.1

Attend private school (K~12) 34.7 .................. 26.1 8.6 1.7 – .2 1.8 4.0 2.9 – 5.7 2.6 6.2 15.7 12.8

Attend ungraded school, preschool, etc 5.0 ........ 2.6 2.3 .4 – .2 – 1.0 .9 .2 .9 .6 .4 2.4 2.1

Does not attend school 13.5 ...................... 6.7 6.8 .9 – – .4 2.2 2.2 1.1 3.1 2.9 2.7 5.9 5.0

Not reported 25.4 ............................... 14.7 10.7 1.2 .6 – 1.9 6.5 1.5 – 5.7 5.4 6.9 8.0 10.6

Households with any children aged 0~133 ........ 261.3 148.1 113.1 10.6 2.2 5.8 15.3 33.6 53.5 6.2 48.4 30.2 42.1 119.2 100.0 Satisfactory public elementary school 137.0 .......... 81.1 55.9 5.1 1.3 3.2 7.7 15.2 27.0 2.8 21.8 16.1 18.3 62.1 56.6 Unsatisfactory public elementary school 28.0 ....... 17.6 10.4 .6 – 1.1 1.8 4.2 4.1 .2 4.2 1.5 5.5 10.6 11.8 So bothered they want to move 13.4 ............. 7.5 5.9 – – .4 1.1 2.2 3.0 – 1.6 1.1 2.5 4.9 6.0 Not reported – ............................. – – – – – – – – – – ––– – Not reported or don’t know 62.8 ................... 29.5 33.3 4.1 .3 .9 3.7 9.0 13.4 1.3 17.3 8.6 12.5 29.1 21.2 Public elementary school less than 1 mile 135.6 ...... 75.2 60.4 3.3 .6 3.9 9.5 18.8 31.1 3.1 23.8 16.7 23.5 61.8 50.2 Public elementary school 1 mile or more 45.6 ....... 29.9 15.7 3.5 .9 .5 1.1 4.1 4.9 .4 8.5 5.1 5.4 18.4 21.8 Not reported 46.6 ............................... 23.0 23.6 3.0 – .9 2.6 5.5 8.5 .9 10.9 4.4 7.4 21.7 17.6

Public Transportation

With public transportation 735.0 ...................... 421.4 313.6 20.2 12.5 18.5 32.6 97.4 95.2 127.6 130.8 85.0 129.3 327.3 278.4 Household uses it at least weekly 184.8 ............. 73.3 111.4 3.2 1.3 8.9 11.6 40.8 32.2 25.7 41.7 31.8 51.8 76.9 56.0 Satisfactory public transportation 166.5 ........... 64.5 102.0 2.7 1.3 8.0 9.3 36.6 29.3 24.4 37.2 28.2 47.9 68.1 50.5 Unsatisfactory public transportation 18.2 ......... 8.8 9.4 .4 – .9 2.3 4.2 2.9 1.3 4.5 3.6 3.9 8.8 5.5 Not reported – ............................. – – – – – – – – – – ––– – Household uses it less than weekly 285.7 ........... 168.9 116.8 7.7 6.3 5.6 10.0 34.0 37.3 53.0 43.5 29.1 43.1 137.0 105.6 Satisfactory public transportation 249.6 ........... 144.5 105.1 6.4 5.7 5.2 8.8 29.8 34.7 48.0 39.8 27.0 38.2 122.9 88.4 Unsatisfactory public transportation 35.1 ......... 24.2 10.9 1.1 .6 .4 1.2 4.0 2.6 4.8 3.2 1.9 4.7 13.8 16.6 Not reported 1.1 ............................. .2 .9 .2 – – – .2 – .2 .4 .2 .2 .2 .7 Household does not use 262.6 ..................... 178.7 83.8 9.4 5.0 4.0 11.0 21.8 25.6 48.2 45.0 24.0 33.9 112.5 116.1 Not reported 2.0 ............................... .5 1.6 – – – – .9 – .7 .7 .2 .5 .9 .6 No public transportation 76.8 ....................... 60.5 16.3 7.3 2.5 1.1 2.5 4.5 7.1 18.4 12.3 8.5 9.4 29.1 38.3 Not reported 43.9 ................................. 26.7 17.2 2.6 1.3 – 2.6 9.2 4.1 5.1 10.0 7.5 10.0 13.6 20.3

Neighborhood Shopping

Satisfactory neighborhood shopping 720.3 ............. 434.0 286.3 24.0 12.9 15.0 29.0 78.3 93.2 127.2 128.8 79.4 107.6 323.9 288.8

Less than 1 mile 618.8 ............................ 358.7 260.1 16.2 11.0 13.2 24.7 72.4 87.0 106.6 110.3 70.6 97.0 286.0 235.8

1 mile or more 101.1 .............................. 75.1 26.0 7.8 1.9 1.7 4.3 5.7 6.0 20.6 18.3 8.7 10.4 37.7 53.0

Not reported .4 ............................... .2 .2 – – – – .2 .2 – .2 – .2 .2 –

Unsatisfactory neighborhood shopping 94.8 .......... 50.4 44.4 4.6 2.2 4.4 5.8 22.5 10.9 19.4 16.1 14.6 30.8 33.1 30.9

Not reported or don’t know 40.6 ..................... 24.2 16.4 1.5 1.2 .2 2.9 10.4 2.2 4.5 8.2 7.0 10.3 13.0 17.3

18 AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 2~8. NeighborhoodmOccupied UnitsmCon.

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Tenure Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Selected subareas1

Physical problems

Total

occupied

units Owner Renter

New

con~

struction

4 years

Mobile

homes Severe Moderate Black Hispanic

Elderly

(65

years

and

over)

Moved

in past

year

Below

poverty

level

Area

one

Area

two

Area

three

Police Protection

Satisfactory police protection 727.5 ................... 442.6 284.9 24.4 13.8 16.2 29.0 82.8 87.5 133.4 124.9 80.3 113.7 326.2 287.6

Unsatisfactory police protection 70.0 ................. 34.6 35.4 3.0 1.2 3.0 5.1 15.7 13.6 9.1 12.5 10.5 19.6 23.1 27.2

Not reported 58.2 ................................. 31.4 26.8 2.8 1.2 .4 3.6 12.6 5.2 8.5 15.6 10.2 15.3 20.7 22.2

Description of Area Within 300 Feet2

Single~family detached houses 698.0 ................. 441.7 256.3 26.0 5.0 14.5 30.1 84.2 88.0 118.6 114.6 71.7 120.4 311.3 266.4

Single~family attached 152.2 ......................... 79.7 72.5 5.7 1.6 3.2 6.0 17.8 18.8 23.9 29.7 14.0 11.2 78.5 62.5

1~ to 3~ story multiunit 301.0 ......................... 84.1 216.9 3.0 3.4 10.2 19.5 64.8 45.6 46.0 67.6 51.0 81.0 135.0 85.0

4~ to 6~ story multiunit 44.3 ......................... 6.7 37.6 .2 .3 2.5 3.6 10.8 4.2 6.6 10.7 6.9 22.9 11.7 9.7

7~ or~ more story multiunit 16.2 ...................... 2.5 13.7 – – .2 .7 5.3 1.8 2.8 3.6 3.2 9.3 3.9 3.0

Mobile homes 33.6 ................................ 20.0 13.6 .7 14.4 1.5 1.5 3.6 5.8 8.3 7.1 3.4 1.3 18.7 13.6

Commercial, or institutional 246.1 .................... 88.2 157.9 3.9 4.0 10.9 15.5 46.4 39.0 36.3 57.3 38.6 58.9 115.9 71.3

Industrial or factories 37.0 .......................... 13.8 23.2 .6 2.2 3.1 4.3 11.7 7.3 4.1 9.3 7.4 12.6 16.2 8.2

Body of water 125.8 ................................ 74.5 51.3 5.9 4.3 3.8 6.0 11.0 9.6 19.5 20.5 10.0 12.5 51.6 61.7

Open space, park, woods, farm, or ranch 295.1 ........ 187.8 107.3 17.3 5.9 5.3 13.1 27.2 28.8 47.2 53.2 27.9 33.2 123.1 138.8

4 or more lane highway, railroad, or airport 138.8 ....... 61.0 77.7 4.4 4.4 4.5 6.6 26.0 23.2 15.6 30.5 15.1 22.5 69.3 47.0

Not reported 53.4 ................................. 33.4 20.0 2.5 1.2 .6 2.6 11.8 4.8 6.4 11.8 9.5 12.7 16.1 24.6

Age of Other Residential Buildings

Within 300 Feet

Older 80.3 ........................................ 33.2 47.1 .2 4.3 4.4 9.9 11.1 12.5 13.0 18.2 12.5 15.0 33.2 32.0

About the same 569.1 .............................. 375.9 193.2 21.2 6.1 8.8 16.9 62.2 67.5 98.8 92.2 54.3 80.2 256.1 232.7

Newer 63.0 ....................................... 30.1 32.9 4.8 1.9 1.4 2.1 11.8 6.8 11.2 15.3 9.3 12.8 27.0 23.3

Very mixed 70.9 ................................... 29.6 41.3 1.2 2.1 2.9 4.7 11.0 10.9 15.6 10.3 9.9 23.0 31.1 16.8

No other residential buildings 12.3 ................... 6.4 6.0 .4 .3 1.3 .6 1.2 .7 4.4 3.7 2.0 1.4 3.7 7.2

Not reported 60.1 ................................. 33.5 26.7 2.3 1.6 .9 3.5 13.9 8.0 8.1 13.3 13.0 16.3 18.9 24.9

Other Buildings Vandalized or With

Interior Exposed Within 300 Feet

None 741.1 ........................................ 455.2 285.9 27.2 11.4 14.5 29.6 84.6 89.7 133.4 127.4 79.3 117.5 336.1 287.5 1 building 23.5 .................................... 7.5 16.0 .2 1.2 1.3 2.5 5.3 4.8 4.0 4.3 4.5 6.6 7.3 9.5 More than 1 building 19.8 .......................... 5.7 14.1 – 2.1 2.3 2.2 5.8 4.2 1.4 4.9 3.9 6.7 4.3 8.9 No buildings 8.7 .................................. 5.9 2.7 .4 .3 .3 .4 .4 .2 4.2 1.7 .6 – 2.3 6.3 Not reported 62.6 ................................. 34.3 28.3 2.3 1.2 1.1 3.1 15.0 7.4 8.1 14.8 12.6 17.9 20.0 24.8

Bars on Windows of Buildings Within

300 Feet

No bars on windows 626.4 ........................... 402.4 224.0 27.0 13.2 9.8 20.0 46.8 73.9 111.2 104.7 57.9 59.4 294.0 273.0

1 building with bars 29.9 ........................... 16.4 13.4 – – 1.9 2.4 5.7 3.7 5.9 4.1 3.7 7.4 14.8 7.7

2 or more buildings with bars 107.2 ................... 40.8 66.4 .2 .9 6.0 11.1 38.6 18.4 17.2 22.9 21.3 59.0 27.8 20.3

No buildings 8.7 .................................. 5.9 2.7 .4 .3 .3 .4 .4 .2 4.2 1.7 .6 – 2.3 6.3

Not reported 83.6 ................................. 43.0 40.6 2.5 1.9 1.5 3.9 19.6 10.1 12.5 19.7 17.6 22.9 31.0 29.7

Condition of Streets Within 300 Feet

No repairs needed 533.6 ............................ 329.7 203.9 22.3 8.0 10.1 20.4 59.7 64.0 98.5 92.6 56.7 75.6 253.5 204.5

Minor repairs needed 219.9 .......................... 123.6 96.3 3.7 4.7 6.2 11.4 28.9 30.3 36.0 38.2 27.3 46.1 84.8 89.0

Major repairs needed 41.3 .......................... 20.4 20.9 1.3 2.4 2.2 3.3 7.8 6.9 7.5 8.8 5.2 11.1 13.4 16.9

No streets 2.4 ................................... .8 1.6 – – – – .9 – .6 .2 .2 .9 .2 1.3

Not reported 58.5 ................................. 34.0 24.5 2.7 1.2 1.1 2.6 13.8 5.2 8.5 13.4 11.6 15.0 18.1 25.4

Trash, Litter, or Junk on Streets or Any

Properties Within 300 Feet

None 688.0 ........................................ 432.8 255.2 25.4 10.5 11.9 23.5 72.9 81.1 131.1 116.9 73.6 101.1 313.1 273.9 Minor accumulation 81.4 ........................... 31.3 50.1 1.7 2.4 4.2 8.4 18.0 13.6 9.0 16.9 12.4 23.0 29.8 28.6 Major accumulation 28.6 ........................... 10.1 18.5 .3 1.8 2.6 3.2 7.1 6.2 3.3 6.1 4.3 10.2 9.1 9.3 Not reported 57.7 ................................. 34.4 23.3 2.7 1.5 .8 2.6 13.2 5.5 7.6 13.1 10.7 14.5 18.0 25.2

Parking Lots2

With parking lots 133.9 .............................. 44.7 89.2 3.7 2.1 5.7 5.7 20.4 17.6 20.1 31.5 16.5 18.7 64.4 50.8

Residents only 73.1 ............................. 20.0 53.0 1.5 1.8 3.6 2.6 10.6 8.7 10.7 20.9 10.0 8.4 35.1 29.6

Shoppers or workers only 46.5 .................... 14.5 32.0 1.1 .3 3.0 2.2 9.2 7.4 5.9 11.6 5.5 10.2 20.9 15.3

Anyone 42.9 .................................... 15.8 27.0 1.5 .3 .9 1.8 6.6 5.1 6.4 12.6 5.1 5.9 18.4 18.6

Kind not reported 2.7 ........................... 2.0 .7 .2 – – .2 .4 .4 .7 .2 .2 .9 .9 .9

No parking lots within 300 feet 666.8 .................. 430.0 236.8 23.7 13.0 13.3 29.5 78.7 83.5 124.1 109.4 74.3 116.8 288.3 261.6

Parking lot not reported 54.9 ........................ 33.8 21.1 2.7 1.2 .6 2.6 12.0 5.2 6.9 12.3 10.2 13.1 17.2 24.6

Mobile Homes in Group

Mobile homes 16.3 ........................ 13.5 2.8 .3 16.3 .9 .9 1.0 3.2 5.8 2.5 1.0 .3 8.3 7.6

1 to 6 4.7 ....................................... 3.7 1.0 – 4.7 .3 .3 .3 1.0 .9 .9 .3 .3 1.5 2.8 7 to 20 – ...................................... – – – – – – – – – – ––– – 21 or more 11.6 ................................... 9.8 1.8 .3 11.6 .6 .6 .7 2.2 4.8 1.6 .7 – 6.8 4.8

1See back cover for details.

2Figures may not add to total because more than one category may apply to a unit.

3Incomplete universe for this publication.

AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998 19

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 2~9. Household CompositionmOccupied Units

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Tenure Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Selected subareas1

Physical problems

Total

occupied

units Owner Renter

New

con~

struction

4 years

Mobile

homes Severe Moderate Black Hispanic

Elderly

(65

years

and

over)

Moved

in past

year

Below

poverty

level

Area

one

Area

two

Area

three

Population in housing units 2 221.3 .... 1 373.9 847.5 82.4 28.8 48.9 102.9 259.0 353.2 275.3 378.7 250.1 355.9 980.2 885.3

Total 855.7 ................................ 508.6 347.1 30.2 16.3 19.6 37.8 111.1 106.3 151.1 153.1 101.0 148.7 370.0 337.0

Persons

1 person 225.2 ..................................... 109.4 115.8 5.5 8.2 7.3 11.9 39.8 14.2 68.3 42.9 35.8 50.1 93.1 82.0

2 persons 269.5 .................................... 171.6 97.9 10.1 4.7 4.8 8.4 31.5 23.0 60.4 51.4 31.3 45.2 115.4 108.9

3 persons 143.1 .................................... 85.5 57.6 5.7 2.5 2.6 5.8 18.6 22.2 13.4 26.2 11.6 25.6 59.0 58.5

4 persons 123.4 .................................... 82.8 40.6 6.2 .9 2.1 6.5 13.0 23.1 3.4 19.5 8.1 14.3 60.4 48.7

5 persons 58.6 .................................... 38.4 20.2 1.4 – 1.8 3.3 3.9 15.2 2.2 7.0 6.8 7.4 25.4 25.9

6 persons 21.2 .................................... 12.1 9.1 1.1 – .6 1.1 3.3 5.0 2.6 3.9 4.6 2.9 10.4 7.9

7 persons or more 14.8 ............................ 8.8 6.0 .2 – .4 .9 1.1 3.6 .6 2.2 2.9 3.4 6.3 5.1

Median 2.3 ...................................... 2.3 2.1 2.4 1.5~ 2.0 2.3 2.0 3.2 1.6 2.2 2.0 2.0 2.3 2.3

Number of Single Children Under 18

Years

None 524.7 ........................................ 315.9 208.8 16.3 13.2 12.0 18.3 63.9 46.3 143.0 93.0 61.3 93.1 223.8 207.8 1 146.3 ........................................... 79.5 66.8 6.0 2.2 3.2 8.4 25.9 20.3 4.9 29.2 17.0 30.1 60.1 56.1 2 120.0 ........................................... 77.0 43.0 5.3 .9 2.4 7.3 13.5 23.6 1.7 19.9 9.0 15.2 59.5 45.2 3 45.7 ........................................... 26.6 19.1 1.9 – 1.3 2.4 4.2 11.5 .6 7.4 7.0 7.4 18.6 19.7 4 12.7 ........................................... 6.7 6.1 .6 – .4 .7 2.4 3.2 .4 2.9 3.9 1.5 5.7 5.5 5 4.3 ........................................... 2.1 2.2 – – .2 .4 .7 .5 .2 .2 1.5 .2 1.9 2.2 6 or more 2.0 .................................... .9 1.1 – – – .2 .4 .9 .2 .4 1.1 1.1 .4 .4 Median .5 ...................................... ~ .5~ .5~ .5~ .5~ .5~ .6 .5~ .8 .5~ .5~ .5~ .5~ .5~ .5~

Persons 65 Years Old and Over

None 676.2 ........................................ 373.1 303.1 27.1 9.9 16.8 32.5 91.0 93.1 ... 142.3 69.6 116.0 299.0 261.2

1 person 123.9 ..................................... 87.9 36.0 2.0 5.1 2.4 4.7 17.7 8.5 97.7 8.4 20.3 25.4 47.7 50.8

2 persons or more 55.6 ............................ 47.6 8.0 1.1 1.3 .4 .5 2.4 4.7 53.4 2.4 11.1 7.3 23.3 25.0

Age of Householder

Under 25 years 59.1 ............................... 17.6 41.5 2.1 .6 1.9 4.4 10.9 10.4 ... 25.3 16.1 16.7 26.3 16.1

25 to 29 62.0 ..................................... 14.1 47.9 2.6 1.0 2.4 4.3 7.6 14.7 ... 26.2 5.6 13.6 24.6 23.8

30 to 34 87.7 ..................................... 35.6 52.1 4.0 .3 2.2 4.7 13.0 17.2 ... 23.1 8.9 16.3 40.0 31.4

35 to 44 213.6 ..................................... 129.4 84.2 10.7 2.4 5.2 9.9 26.3 28.2 ... 38.8 18.0 32.7 98.1 82.8

45 to 54 176.8 ..................................... 119.0 57.7 5.2 2.8 3.9 7.0 23.5 14.4 ... 22.8 12.1 27.3 79.1 70.4

55 to 64 105.4 ..................................... 78.4 27.0 3.3 3.4 2.0 3.6 13.4 10.3 ... 9.6 10.7 15.0 43.9 46.5

65 to 74 78.9 ..................................... 59.6 19.3 1.6 2.5 1.1 2.6 9.8 7.4 78.9 4.3 12.7 13.7 28.3 36.9

75 years and over 72.2 ............................ 55.0 17.3 .7 3.2 .8 1.3 6.7 3.7 72.2 3.0 17.0 13.5 29.6 29.1

Median 45 ...................................... 50 39 41 58 41 41 44 39 75 36 47 43 45 47

Household Composition by Age of

Householder

2~or~more person households 630.5 .................. 399.2 231.3 24.6 8.1 12.3 25.9 71.4 92.1 82.8 110.2 65.2 98.6 276.9 255.0

Married~couple families, no nonrelatives 419.9 ....... 312.3 107.6 19.7 5.0 5.6 15.1 25.4 60.9 61.4 58.6 31.8 47.7 186.7 185.5

Under 25 years 10.9 ........................... 4.7 6.2 .7 .3 .2 .9 1.6 3.1 ... 3.3 1.7 2.3 4.5 4.1

25 to 29 years 25.2 ............................ 8.5 16.7 1.3 .3 1.1 1.3 1.4 8.6 ... 9.4 1.9 3.7 9.8 11.7

30 to 34 years 48.7 ............................ 27.2 21.5 3.4 .3 .9 2.0 4.3 12.4 ... 11.0 4.1 5.9 23.6 19.3

35 to 44 years 121.0 ............................ 89.1 31.9 6.2 .3 1.9 5.2 7.2 16.7 ... 17.7 6.7 13.7 55.6 51.7

45 to 64 years 152.7 ............................ 129.1 23.6 7.5 2.8 1.1 4.6 7.9 13.9 ... 15.7 5.8 14.8 68.0 69.9

65 years and over 61.4 ........................ 53.7 7.7 .7 1.0 .4 1.0 2.9 6.2 61.4 1.7 11.5 7.3 25.3 28.8

Other male householder 86.6 ..................... 39.0 47.6 3.0 1.6 2.4 4.1 12.8 13.0 7.2 24.4 7.9 19.0 38.8 28.8

Under 45 years 55.7 ........................... 19.0 36.7 2.6 .9 2.0 3.3 7.3 10.6 ... 21.6 5.5 12.2 24.4 19.1

45 to 64 years 23.7 ............................ 14.9 8.8 .4 .7 .4 .7 3.7 2.2 ... 2.5 1.3 4.0 11.4 8.3

65 years and over 7.2 ........................ 5.1 2.1 – – – .2 1.8 .3 7.2 .2 1.2 2.7 3.0 1.5

Other female householder 124.0 ................... 47.9 76.1 1.9 1.5 4.3 6.7 33.2 18.2 14.1 27.2 25.5 32.0 51.4 40.7

Under 45 years 71.9 ........................... 19.4 52.5 1.5 .9 2.6 4.5 18.5 12.3 ... 21.3 16.0 17.9 31.7 22.3

45 to 64 years 38.0 ............................ 17.9 20.1 – – 1.1 1.9 11.8 4.6 ... 5.1 5.8 9.9 15.2 12.9

65 years and over 14.1 ........................ 10.6 3.5 .4 .6 .5 .2 2.8 1.3 14.1 .8 3.8 4.2 4.4 5.5

1~person households 225.2 .......................... 109.4 115.8 5.5 8.2 7.3 11.9 39.8 14.2 68.3 42.9 35.8 50.1 93.1 82.0

Male householder 104.0 ........................... 48.9 55.1 3.0 2.6 4.8 6.1 17.8 7.4 21.6 22.0 14.4 23.7 45.4 34.9

Under 45 years 48.2 ........................... 18.6 29.6 2.5 .6 1.6 3.2 7.8 4.2 ... 16.0 6.6 11.6 23.0 13.5

45 to 64 years 34.2 ............................ 15.0 19.1 – 1.0 2.5 1.8 6.9 1.9 ... 4.8 4.1 6.9 15.9 11.4

65 years and over 21.6 ........................ 15.3 6.3 .4 1.0 .7 1.1 3.1 1.3 21.6 1.3 3.8 5.1 6.5 10.0

Female householder 121.2 ........................ 60.5 60.7 2.5 5.6 2.5 5.8 22.0 6.8 46.7 20.9 21.3 26.4 47.7 47.1

Under 45 years 40.9 ........................... 10.2 30.7 1.3 .6 1.5 2.9 9.6 2.7 ... 13.2 6.0 11.9 16.4 12.5

45 to 64 years 33.6 ............................ 20.4 13.1 .6 1.8 .7 1.6 6.5 2.2 ... 4.3 5.8 6.7 12.5 14.4

65 years and over 46.7 ........................ 29.8 16.9 .7 3.2 .2 1.4 5.8 2.0 46.7 3.4 9.5 7.8 18.7 20.2

Adults and Single Children Under 18

Years Old

Total households with children 331.0 .................. 192.7 138.3 13.9 3.1 7.6 19.4 47.2 60.0 8.1 60.1 39.7 55.6 146.2 129.2

Married couples 221.8 ............................ 153.1 68.7 11.5 1.6 4.0 11.6 13.3 43.2 3.3 35.4 14.9 25.6 101.4 94.8

One child under 6 only 31.1 ..................... 17.8 13.2 2.0 .6 .9 1.8 .9 5.7 .7 8.4 1.9 5.9 13.3 11.9

One under 6, one or more 6 to 17 40.9 ........... 24.9 16.1 2.1 – .6 2.3 2.9 9.0 .4 7.8 4.1 4.2 20.0 16.8

Two or more under 6 only 22.4 .................. 13.8 8.6 1.7 – .4 .4 1.8 7.3 .2 4.4 1.8 2.5 12.3 7.7

Two or more under 6, one or more 6 to 17 11.3 ... 5.1 6.1 .4 – .6 1.0 .4 3.9 – 2.6 2.1 1.0 4.1 6.2

One or more 6 to 17 only 116.1 .................. 91.5 24.6 5.2 .9 1.5 6.1 7.4 17.3 2.0 12.2 4.9 12.2 51.7 52.3

Other households with two or more adults 42.3 ...... 17.4 24.9 .4 .9 2.0 2.7 12.4 8.4 3.7 7.7 6.4 9.8 17.8 14.7

One child under 6 only 8.7 ..................... 2.2 6.5 – – – .4 2.8 2.2 .9 2.0 1.4 2.7 2.9 3.2

One under 6, one or more 6 to 17 6.2 ........... 2.3 3.9 – – .3 .4 1.3 1.1 .2 1.3 .8 1.1 3.0 2.1

Two or more under 6 only 2.5 .................. 1.1 1.4 – – – – .7 .3 .2 .5 .9 .4 1.6 .4

Two or more under 6, one or more 6 to 17 2.2 ... .7 1.5 – – .2 – .7 .2 .2 .4 .7 .9 .4 .8

One or more 6 to 17 only 22.7 .................. 11.1 11.6 .4 .9 1.5 1.8 6.9 4.6 2.2 3.5 2.6 4.6 9.9 8.2

Households with one adult or none 66.9 ............ 22.2 44.7 2.0 .6 1.5 5.1 21.4 8.4 1.1 16.9 18.4 20.1 27.0 19.7

One child under 6 only 4.4 ..................... .4 3.9 – – .5 .4 1.6 .7 – .7 .9 1.8 1.8 .8

One under 6, one or more 6 to 17 4.5 ........... .2 4.3 – – – .4 1.8 1.1 – 2.2 2.3 1.6 1.6 1.3

Two or more under 6 only 1.2 .................. – 1.2 – – – .5 .2 .9 – .2 .7 .5 .7 –

Two or more under 6, one or more 6 to 17 1.3 ... .2 1.1 – – .2 – 1.1 .2 – .2 1.1 1.1 – .2

One or more 6 to 17 only 55.5 .................. 21.3 34.2 2.0 .6 .9 3.8 16.8 5.4 1.1 13.5 13.4 15.1 22.9 17.4

Total households with no children 524.7 ............... 315.9 208.8 16.3 13.2 12.0 18.3 63.9 46.3 143.0 93.0 61.3 93.1 223.8 207.8

Married couples 206.1 ............................ 164.4 41.7 8.7 3.4 1.6 3.5 12.9 19.2 58.8 24.5 17.3 22.9 89.4 93.7

Other households with two or more adults 108.2 ...... 49.6 58.6 3.1 1.9 3.2 4.1 15.3 13.1 15.9 29.4 11.7 25.2 46.7 36.3

Households with one adult 210.5 ................... 102.0 108.5 4.5 7.8 7.3 10.8 35.8 14.0 68.3 39.1 32.3 45.0 87.7 77.8

20 AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 2~9. Household CompositionmOccupied UnitsmCon.

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Tenure Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Selected subareas1

Physical problems

Total

occupied

units Owner Renter

New

con~

struction

4 years

Mobile

homes Severe Moderate Black Hispanic

Elderly

(65

years

and

over)

Moved

in past

year

Below

poverty

level

Area

one

Area

two

Area

three

Own Never Married Children Under 18

Years Old

No own children under 18 years 573.2 ................ 341.5 231.7 18.0 13.8 12.6 21.6 77.0 53.1 149.3 102.4 71.5 106.4 243.0 223.8

With own children under 18 years 282.5 ............... 167.1 115.4 12.2 2.5 6.9 16.2 34.1 53.2 1.8 50.7 29.5 42.3 127.0 113.1

Under 6 years only 62.3 .......................... 32.0 30.2 3.9 .6 1.7 3.1 6.4 14.1 – 15.0 5.1 12.0 29.4 20.9

1 37.6 ....................................... 18.0 19.6 2.0 .6 1.3 2.2 4.2 5.7 – 10.1 2.4 8.7 15.5 13.3

2 22.7 ....................................... 12.7 10.0 1.9 – .4 .9 2.2 7.6 – 4.7 2.5 3.0 12.5 7.2

3 or more 2.0 ................................ 1.3 .7 – – – – – .9 – .2 .2 .2 1.3 .4

6 to 17 years only 163.2 ........................... 105.7 57.5 5.9 1.8 4.0 9.7 21.7 25.9 1.6 22.6 14.9 22.5 73.2 67.5

1 77.6 ....................................... 46.0 31.6 2.6 .9 2.4 4.4 13.2 11.4 .9 13.3 8.1 12.5 32.8 32.4

2 61.6 ....................................... 43.6 18.1 2.5 .9 1.3 3.5 6.7 9.9 .4 6.3 3.1 8.0 30.5 23.2

3 or more 24.0 ................................ 16.1 7.8 .9 – .2 1.7 1.8 4.5 .2 3.1 3.7 2.0 10.0 12.0

Both age groups 57.0 ............................ 29.3 27.6 2.4 – 1.3 3.3 6.0 13.2 .2 13.1 9.5 7.9 24.4 24.7

2 28.9 ....................................... 16.8 12.0 1.5 – .4 1.5 3.1 4.7 – 6.7 2.4 2.7 14.3 11.8

3 or more 28.1 ................................ 12.5 15.6 .8 – .9 1.8 2.9 8.5 .2 6.4 7.1 5.2 10.1 12.8

Persons Other Than Spouse or

Children2

With other relatives 177.6 ................... 119.0 58.6 5.4 2.0 5.0 7.3 29.1 31.0 29.7 21.5 19.3 31.9 79.3 66.4 Single adult offspring 18 to 29 83.0 .................. 58.9 24.1 2.0 – 2.2 2.8 12.5 12.1 4.7 6.5 6.5 11.1 35.2 36.7 Single adult offspring 30 years of age or over 29.7 ..... 21.3 8.4 .2 .7 1.0 .9 4.8 5.0 16.7 1.3 3.1 5.9 12.4 11.4 Households with three generations 25.7 .............. 16.5 9.2 .4 – 1.4 1.5 6.8 5.3 3.1 2.0 3.6 6.2 11.7 7.7 Households with 1 subfamily 19.9 ................... 11.7 8.1 .4 – .7 1.5 5.0 5.1 2.8 2.4 2.9 4.1 9.8 6.0 Subfamily householder age under 30 9.9 .......... 5.0 4.9 – – .5 .4 3.5 2.7 .4 1.4 1.6 2.0 4.8 3.0 30 to 64 8.3 ................................... 5.2 3.0 .2 – .2 1.1 1.5 2.4 2.4 .9 1.1 1.8 3.9 2.5 65 and over 1.7 ................................ 1.5 .2 .2 – – – – – – .2 .2 .2 1.1 .4 Households with 2 or more subfamilies 1.1 .......... .6 .4 – – – .2 – .4 .2 – .2 – .9 .2 Households with other types of relatives 69.9 ......... 42.0 27.9 3.2 1.3 2.4 3.3 14.5 14.6 10.5 13.6 11.5 17.1 31.8 21.0 With non~relatives 96.8 ..................... 37.4 59.4 2.8 1.8 2.9 4.2 11.4 14.5 5.2 29.5 9.0 20.0 43.9 32.8 Co~owners or co~renters 36.1 ....................... 8.6 27.4 .9 – 1.7 .9 3.7 5.5 .2 16.6 4.1 8.6 16.2 11.3 Lodgers 27.8 ..................................... 9.9 18.0 .2 1.2 .9 1.3 3.0 5.7 1.3 7.1 2.2 6.4 14.3 7.2 Unrelated children, under 18 years old 12.0 ........... 7.2 4.9 .4 – .2 .9 2.4 2.0 .9 1.8 1.6 2.0 6.4 3.6 Other non~relatives 32.7 ............................ 17.4 15.3 1.3 .6 .2 1.8 4.5 4.3 3.5 7.1 1.8 4.9 12.7 15.0 One or more secondary families 2.6 ................ 1.1 1.6 – – – .2 .2 1.1 .2 .7 .3 .4 1.3 .9 2~person households, none related to each other 51.1 . 18.1 33.0 1.3 .9 1.1 1.7 4.5 5.4 2.8 18.8 4.6 10.5 22.8 17.8 3~8 person households, none related to each

other 11.5 ....................................... 2.8 8.7 .5 – .4 .4 .6 1.8 1.1 4.6 1.7 3.6 4.8 3.1

Educational Attainment of the

Householder

Less than 9th grade 43.4 ........................... 19.2 24.2 .2 1.5 1.3 2.9 7.1 19.2 15.0 7.7 12.0 15.3 12.7 15.4

9th to 12th grade, no diploma 82.4 .................. 38.0 44.3 1.5 3.2 2.1 6.4 24.5 14.2 22.6 14.4 22.2 23.9 26.0 32.4

High school graduate (includes equivalency) 183.9 ..... 102.6 81.3 5.4 6.7 3.4 8.0 23.3 32.4 39.0 30.8 23.7 23.4 92.1 68.3

Additional vocational training 31.9 ................. 19.7 12.3 1.7 1.0 .8 1.7 4.3 4.1 6.2 3.9 3.0 2.9 18.1 11.0

Some college, no degree 160.0 ...................... 86.5 73.5 4.0 2.1 4.6 7.1 25.2 18.5 27.0 29.5 19.6 25.4 71.7 63.0

Associate degree 70.2 ............................. 44.7 25.5 3.1 1.6 2.3 2.2 8.4 7.0 8.2 13.7 4.7 6.5 30.4 33.3

Bachelor’s degree 200.1 ............................ 136.4 63.8 10.0 .9 4.7 7.1 15.5 10.4 26.0 35.1 11.2 31.1 83.9 85.1

Graduate or professional degree 115.7 ................ 81.2 34.5 5.9 .4 1.2 4.0 7.1 4.6 13.3 21.9 7.5 23.1 53.2 39.4

Percent high school graduate or higher 89.0 .......... 92.6 83.8 100.2 77.2 86.9 80.0 75.4 72.5 79.2 88.1 69.1 75.6 94.4 89.1

Percent bachelor’s degree or higher 36.9 ............. 42.8 28.3 52.8 7.7 29.9 29.4 20.4 14.1 26.0 37.2 18.5 36.5 37.1 36.9

Year Householder Moved Into Unit

2000 to 2004 – ................................. – – – – – – – – – – ––– – 1995 to 1999 346.2 ................................. 125.7 220.5 28.5 6.2 11.5 18.0 50.1 53.8 18.6 153.1 46.3 65.2 153.9 127.0 1990 to 1994 178.2 ................................. 104.4 73.8 1.7 3.5 4.0 8.9 23.8 23.2 20.2 – 19.3 33.0 74.7 70.5 1985 to 1989 110.3 ................................. 87.3 23.1 – 3.1 1.6 4.9 11.7 10.7 17.4 – 8.6 16.0 43.2 51.1 1980 to 1984 58.7 ................................. 47.0 11.7 – .9 .6 2.6 4.8 4.5 12.3 – 5.4 7.9 25.7 25.2 1975 to 1979 55.1 ................................. 47.1 8.0 – 1.3 – 1.6 6.9 4.6 13.4 – 4.2 7.4 23.0 24.7 1970 to 1974 39.2 ................................. 33.6 5.6 – .4 1.1 .9 6.6 2.1 17.6 – 6.1 8.4 17.8 13.1 1960 to 1969 36.9 ................................. 33.6 3.3 – .6 .6 .7 4.4 4.3 23.6 – 5.5 5.1 16.5 15.4 1950 to 1959 22.8 ................................. 21.9 .9 – – .2 – 1.5 2.4 20.1 – 3.9 4.2 9.9 8.7 1940 to 1949 6.2 ................................. 5.9 .3 – .3 – – 1.3 .8 5.8 – .8 .9 4.3 1.1 1939 or earlier 2.0 ................................ 2.0 – – – – .2 – – 2.0 – .9 .7 1.1 .2 Median 1993 ...................................... 1989 1995+ 1995+ 1992 1995+ 1995 1994 1995+ 1977 1995+ 1994 1994 1993 1992

Household Moves and Formation in Last

Year

Total with a move in last year 221.9 ........... 85.9 136.0 15.6 3.5 5.0 11.3 29.7 37.4 11.8 153.1 30.0 42.7 100.4 78.8

Household all moved here from one unit 125.9 ......... 44.8 81.1 12.7 1.9 2.2 6.8 19.4 19.4 7.2 125.9 19.2 24.4 53.5 47.9

Householder of previous unit did not move

here ... ...................................... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Householder of previous unit moved here ... ...... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Householder of previous unit not reported ... ...... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Household moved here from two or more units 21.4 ... 6.4 15.0 1.2 .7 .2 1.1 1.8 4.0 – 21.4 3.3 4.0 10.0 7.4

No previous householder moved here ... ......... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

1 previous householder moved here ... ........... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

2 or more previous householders moved here ... .. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Previous householder(s) not reported ... ......... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Some already here, rest moved in 74.6 .............. 34.7 39.8 1.7 .9 2.7 3.5 8.6 14.0 4.6 5.8 7.4 14.2 36.9 23.5

No previous householder moved here ... ......... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 1 or more previous householders moved here ... .. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Previous householder(s) not reported ... ......... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Number of previous units not reported – ........... – – – – – – – – – – ––– –

1See back cover for details.

2Figures may not add to total because more than one category may apply to a unit.

AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998 21

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 2~10. Previous Unit of Recent MoversmOccupied Units

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Tenure Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Selected subareas1

Physical problems

Total

occupied

units Owner Renter

New

con~

struction

4 years

Mobile

homes Severe Moderate Black Hispanic

Elderly

(65

years

and

over)

Moved

in past

year

Below

poverty

level

Area

one

Area

two

Area

three

UNITS WHERE HOUSEHOLDER MOVED

DURING PAST YEAR

Total 147.1 ................................ 50.8 96.3 13.9 2.5 2.6 8.2 22.3 22.5 7.1 147.1 21.7 27.9 64.1 55.1

Location of Previous Unit

Inside same PMSA ... ............................ ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

In central city(s) ... ............................ ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Not in central city(s) ... ......................... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Inside different PMSA in same state ... ............. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

In central city(s) ... ............................ ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Not in central city(s) ... ......................... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Inside different PMSA in different state ... .......... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

In central city(s) ... ............................ ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Not in central city(s) ... ......................... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Outside any metropolitan area ... .................. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Same state ... ................................ ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Different state ... .............................. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Different nation ... ............................... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Structure Type of Previous Residence

Moved from within United States 147.1 ........ 50.8 96.3 13.9 2.5 2.6 8.2 22.3 22.5 7.1 147.1 21.7 27.9 64.1 55.1

House 73.3 ....................................... 32.7 40.7 9.7 1.6 1.1 2.6 6.8 12.5 4.9 73.3 8.6 10.3 34.2 28.8

Apartment 54.1 ................................... 10.3 43.8 2.7 .7 .9 3.9 11.9 7.9 1.2 54.1 8.6 14.1 21.1 18.9

Mobile home 1.3 ................................. .6 .6 .2 – – – – .2 .2 1.3 .2 – .8 .4

Other 8.7 ....................................... 2.8 6.0 .2 – .4 .6 1.4 .7 .4 8.7 2.0 1.9 4.5 2.3

Not reported 9.7 ................................. 4.4 5.3 1.0 .3 .2 1.1 2.2 1.2 .4 9.7 2.3 1.6 3.4 4.7

Tenure of Previous Residence

House, apt., mobile home in United

States 128.7 .............................. 43.6 85.1 12.6 2.2 2.0 6.5 18.8 20.6 6.3 128.7 17.4 24.4 56.2 48.1 Owner occupied 41.6 .............................. 22.9 18.7 7.3 .6 .4 1.2 2.9 4.8 4.4 41.6 3.7 4.8 19.8 16.9 Renter occupied 87.1 .............................. 20.7 66.5 5.4 1.6 1.6 5.3 15.9 15.8 1.9 87.1 13.7 19.6 36.3 31.2

Persons m Previous Residence

House, apt., mobile home in United

States 128.7 .............................. 43.6 85.1 12.6 2.2 2.0 6.5 18.8 20.6 6.3 128.7 17.4 24.4 56.2 48.1 1 person 16.5 ..................................... 4.8 11.6 1.5 .3 .7 .6 2.7 1.4 1.8 16.5 .8 3.1 7.1 6.3 2 persons 37.6 .................................... 14.8 22.7 5.1 1.0 .7 2.3 5.3 4.2 2.1 37.6 3.6 7.6 15.4 14.5 3 persons 26.9 .................................... 7.7 19.3 2.4 .9 .4 1.2 5.2 3.8 .6 26.9 3.3 5.6 13.0 8.3 4 persons 22.9 .................................... 7.9 15.0 1.7 – – 1.1 3.0 5.7 .4 22.9 4.0 3.6 10.9 8.5 5 persons 8.1 .................................... 2.9 5.3 1.2 – – .2 .4 1.9 – 8.1 1.5 1.3 3.7 3.2 6 persons 5.3 .................................... 2.4 3.0 .6 – – .4 .9 1.3 .2 5.3 .4 .5 1.5 3.3 7 persons or more 4.7 ............................ .9 3.8 .2 – – .2 .2 2.4 .2 4.7 2.1 1.2 2.0 1.5 Not reported 6.6 ................................. 2.2 4.5 – – .2 .5 .9 – .9 6.6 1.7 1.5 2.6 2.6 Median 2.8 ...................................... 2.6 2.8 2.5 ... ... 2.6 2.7 3.7 1.9 2.8 3.5 2.6 2.8 2.7

Previous Home Owned or Rented by

Someone Who Moved Here

House, apt., mobile home in United

States 128.7 .............................. 43.6 85.1 12.6 2.2 2.0 6.5 18.8 20.6 6.3 128.7 17.4 24.4 56.2 48.1

Owned or rented by a mover 103.9 ................... 37.4 66.5 11.8 1.6 1.8 5.2 15.5 16.7 4.9 103.9 12.6 19.8 45.4 38.7 Owned or rented by other 20.6 ...................... 4.5 16.1 .9 .6 – 1.1 2.6 3.9 .7 20.6 4.2 3.8 9.3 7.5 By a relative 12.6 ................................ 3.1 9.4 .6 .3 – .4 .8 3.5 .2 12.6 2.6 1.5 6.9 4.2 By a nonrelative 8.0 ............................ 1.3 6.7 .2 .3 – .7 1.8 .4 .5 8.0 1.6 2.3 2.4 3.3 Not reported – ............................... – – – – – – – – – – ––– – Not reported 4.2 ................................. 1.7 2.5 – – .2 .2 .7 – .7 4.2 .6 .8 1.5 1.9

Change in Housing Costs

House, apt., mobile home in United

States 128.7 .............................. 43.6 85.1 12.6 2.2 2.0 6.5 18.8 20.6 6.3 128.7 17.4 24.4 56.2 48.1 Increased with move 80.7 .......................... 31.4 49.4 9.6 1.2 .6 3.9 9.2 13.8 2.9 80.7 9.9 14.1 36.8 29.8 Decreased 23.0 ................................... 4.9 18.1 .9 .7 .5 1.1 5.3 3.4 1.1 23.0 3.6 5.5 10.2 7.3 Stayed about the same 19.4 ........................ 5.3 14.1 2.0 .3 .7 1.1 3.5 2.8 1.2 19.4 2.8 3.7 7.7 8.0

Don’t know 1.7 ................................... .5 1.3 .2 – – .2 .2 .6 .4 1.7 .6 .2 .4 1.0

Not reported 3.8 ................................. 1.5 2.3 – – .2 .2 .7 – .7 3.8 .4 .8 1.1 1.9

1See back cover for details.

22 AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 2~11. Reasons for Move and Choice of Current ResidencemOccupied Units

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Tenure Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Selected subareas1

Physical problems

Total

occupied

units Owner Renter

New

con~

struction

4 years

Mobile

homes Severe Moderate Black Hispanic

Elderly

(65

years

and

over)

Moved

in past

year

Below

poverty

level

Area

one

Area

two

Area

three

RESPONDENT MOVED DURING PAST

YEAR

Total 157.5 ................................ 52.5 105.0 13.9 2.5 3.1 8.4 23.0 24.4 8.0 152.9 24.3 31.0 68.4 58.1

Reasons for Leaving Previous Unit2

Private displacement 9.6 .......................... 1.7 7.8 – – – 1.3 2.1 1.5 .2 9.4 1.8 1.6 4.6 3.3

Owner to move into unit 4.9 ..................... .9 4.1 – – – 1.3 1.3 .4 – 4.9 .7 .7 2.2 2.1

To be converted to condominium or

cooperative .2 ............................... .2 – – – – – – – – .2 .2 – .2 –

Closed for repairs – ........................... – – – – – – – – – – ––– –

Other 4.4 ..................................... .6 3.8 – – – – .9 1.1 .2 4.2 .9 .9 2.2 1.3

Not reported – ............................... – – – – – – – – – – ––– –

Government displacement .5 ..................... .3 .2 .1 – – – – – – .5 .2 – .2 .3

Government wanted building or land .3 .......... .3 – .1 – – – – – – .3 .2 – – .3

Unit unfit for occupancy – ...................... – – – – – – – – – – ––– –

Other .2 ..................................... – .2 – – – – – – – .2 – – .2 –

Not reported – ............................... – – – – – – – – – – ––– –

Disaster loss (fire, flood, etc.) .6 ................... – .6 – – – – – – – .6 – .2 .4 –

New job or job transfer 23.6 ........................ 5.9 17.7 3.1 .6 .5 .7 2.0 3.9 – 22.5 2.9 3.4 10.7 9.5

To be closer to work/school/other 20.8 ............... 5.3 15.5 2.2 .3 .4 .4 2.0 2.4 .2 20.1 3.5 3.5 8.1 9.2

Other, financial/employment related 15.6 ............. 3.3 12.3 .6 .7 .6 .7 2.4 2.4 – 14.8 1.7 2.2 7.3 6.1

To establish own household 25.8 .................... 11.3 14.5 2.6 .6 – 1.3 3.1 4.9 .7 25.5 4.7 5.3 12.1 8.3

Needed larger house or apartment 20.6 .............. 7.0 13.6 1.4 – – .8 4.0 2.8 – 20.4 2.5 4.6 8.4 7.6

Married 2.2 ...................................... .9 1.3 .2 – – – .3 .9 – 2.2 – .4 .9 .9

Widowed, divorced or separated 4.3 ................ 1.7 2.6 .2 – .2 – .6 .2 .7 4.3 .2 .5 1.9 1.9

Other, family/person related 15.4 .................... 3.4 11.9 1.2 – – 1.3 2.9 2.6 2.6 13.6 2.2 2.4 5.3 7.6

Wanted better home 18.9 .......................... 7.7 11.2 2.7 .3 .2 .7 3.6 2.6 – 18.9 2.7 3.7 7.1 8.0

Change from owner to renter 2.0 ................... – 2.0 – – – – .5 – .2 2.0 – .2 1.1 .7

Change from renter to owner 10.6 ................... 10.6 – 2.6 .3 – .7 .7 1.3 – 10.6 .2 1.8 4.5 4.4

Wanted lower rent or maintenance 8.5 .............. 1.5 6.9 – .3 .2 .2 1.9 .9 .7 8.5 2.3 2.5 3.2 2.7

Other housing related reasons 10.5 .................. 2.9 7.6 .6 .3 – .6 1.9 1.7 .8 10.3 1.3 2.7 3.1 4.8

Other 21.6 ....................................... 5.6 16.0 1.6 .3 .4 2.3 3.4 1.9 1.6 20.8 4.0 4.6 9.7 7.3

Not reported 15.0 ................................. 6.8 8.2 1.0 .3 .4 1.4 2.8 1.2 1.5 14.5 2.9 2.8 4.7 7.5

Main Reason for Leaving Previous Unit

All reported reasons equal 7.2 ..................... 1.0 6.3 .2 .6 .2 .2 1.3 .9 .3 7.2 1.8 1.3 2.9 3.0

Private displacement 3.9 .......................... .8 3.0 – – – .4 .4 .6 – 3.9 .7 .7 1.9 1.3

Government displacement .5 ..................... .3 .2 .1 – – – – – – .5 .2 – .2 .3

Disaster loss (fire, flood, etc.) .6 ................... – .6 – – – – – – – .6 – .2 .4 –

New job or job transfer 19.9 ........................ 5.3 14.6 2.5 .3 .5 .5 1.8 3.2 – 18.8 2.4 3.1 9.2 7.6

To be closer to work/school/other 10.3 ............... 2.9 7.3 1.2 .3 .4 .2 1.0 1.8 .2 10.3 2.2 2.4 4.5 3.4

Other, financial/employment related 8.5 ............. 1.8 6.7 .4 .4 .4 .4 1.3 1.7 – 8.1 1.3 1.3 4.0 3.2

To establish own household 15.3 .................... 5.8 9.5 1.3 – – 1.1 2.2 3.2 .4 15.1 3.1 3.5 7.5 4.3

Needed larger house or apartment 13.9 .............. 4.8 9.2 1.1 – – .8 2.9 2.2 – 13.9 1.6 4.1 5.6 4.2

Married, widowed, divorced, or separated 6.9 ........ 2.2 4.7 .4 .3 .5 .2 1.3 1.1 .4 6.9 .4 1.1 3.2 2.5

Other, family/personal related 9.0 .................. 2.2 6.8 .9 – – .4 .9 1.7 2.4 7.4 1.1 1.2 3.5 4.3

Wanted better home 7.3 .......................... 3.5 3.7 1.3 – .2 .2 1.1 1.6 – 7.3 .9 1.7 3.4 2.2

Change from owner to renter or renter to owner 10.0 ... 8.7 1.3 1.9 – – .7 .9 1.1 .2 10.0 .2 1.8 4.2 4.1

Wanted lower rent or maintenance 4.8 .............. .6 4.1 – – – – 1.5 .4 .7 4.8 1.6 1.6 2.3 .9

Other housing related reasons 6.1 .................. 1.5 4.5 .4 – – .2 1.1 1.3 .2 5.9 .6 1.3 1.8 2.9

Other 14.3 ....................................... 3.4 11.0 1.2 .3 .4 1.0 1.8 1.5 1.6 13.9 2.4 2.2 7.2 4.9

Not reported 18.9 ................................. 7.7 11.3 1.0 .3 .4 2.0 3.5 2.1 1.5 18.3 3.8 3.3 6.6 9.0

Choice of Present Neighborhood2

Convenient to job 46.0 ............................. 14.8 31.2 5.1 .9 .9 1.9 6.4 4.9 .5 45.1 4.2 8.5 18.2 19.3

Convenient to friends or relatives 30.8 ............... 10.6 20.3 2.2 1.0 .7 1.6 3.9 5.6 2.0 29.5 4.8 4.5 11.4 14.9

Convenient to leisure activities 17.5 .................. 6.3 11.2 2.4 .3 .2 1.7 2.3 1.5 1.2 17.5 1.1 2.8 4.9 9.8

Convenient to public transportation 20.8 .............. 5.7 15.1 1.0 .7 .5 1.4 4.4 2.8 .5 20.8 2.6 5.7 5.7 9.4

Good schools 18.0 ................................ 7.2 10.8 2.1 .9 .4 .5 1.6 2.0 – 17.6 2.6 2.4 7.3 8.3

Other public services 12.0 .......................... 2.8 9.2 1.1 .3 .2 1.1 3.0 1.3 – 12.0 1.5 2.5 4.8 4.7

Looks/design of neighborhood 40.1 .................. 19.0 21.1 6.0 1.0 – 1.7 3.0 5.4 1.8 39.7 2.4 5.2 17.7 17.2

House was most important consideration 36.8 ........ 17.0 19.8 3.3 .6 .7 1.5 3.0 5.5 1.6 36.2 4.0 5.9 15.8 15.2

Other 28.7 ....................................... 7.3 21.5 1.5 .3 .2 1.9 4.9 4.0 1.3 28.3 5.2 7.0 14.5 7.2

Not reported 27.6 ................................. 8.4 19.2 1.4 .6 .6 2.3 5.3 3.6 2.0 26.5 5.1 4.9 8.7 13.9

Main Reason for Choice of Present

Neighborhood

All reported reasons equal 12.5 ..................... 2.5 10.0 .5 .9 – .9 2.6 1.3 .8 12.5 1.8 2.9 4.1 5.5

Convenient to job ............................. 26.9 9.1 17.8 3.4 – .9 .6 3.8 3.1 .4 26.2 2.4 5.4 10.8 10.7

Convenient to friends or relatives 13.6 ............... 3.9 9.7 .9 .3 .2 .6 1.5 3.9 1.1 12.2 2.8 2.5 6.1 5.1

Convenient to leisure activities 2.9 .................. .8 2.1 .4 – – .2 .3 .4 .4 2.9 .5 1.0 .9 1.1

Convenient to public transportation 2.9 .............. .4 2.4 – – – – .7 .3 .2 2.9 .4 1.4 .9 .6

Good schools 6.9 ................................ 2.6 4.3 .7 – .4 .2 .6 .9 – 6.5 1.5 .6 3.0 3.2

Other public services 2.6 .......................... .2 2.4 – – – .2 .2 .9 – 2.6 1.1 .2 2.2 .2 Looks/design of neighborhood 16.9 .................. 9.8 7.2 3.4 .4 – .7 1.5 2.3 1.1 16.7 1.5 2.8 7.9 6.3 House was most important consideration 21.1 ........ 9.9 11.3 2.0 – .7 .8 2.1 3.8 .7 20.7 2.6 3.4 10.7 7.0 Other 23.5 ....................................... 4.8 18.6 1.1 .3 .2 1.7 4.3 4.0 1.3 23.0 4.5 5.9 13.0 4.6 Not reported 27.7 ................................. 8.5 19.2 1.6 .6 .6 2.4 5.3 3.6 2.1 26.6 5.1 4.9 8.9 13.9

Neighborhood Search

Looked at just this neighborhood 49.2 ................ 11.6 37.6 2.3 .9 1.1 2.5 6.7 10.0 3.2 46.6 9.8 12.8 18.9 17.4

Looked at other neighborhood(s) 94.4 ............... 34.8 59.6 10.5 1.3 1.5 4.7 13.2 13.2 3.5 92.8 11.4 15.5 44.6 34.3

Not reported 13.9 ................................. 6.1 7.8 1.0 .3 .4 1.1 3.0 1.2 1.3 13.5 3.1 2.6 4.9 6.4

Choice of Present Home2

Financial reasons 56.2 ............................. 16.6 39.6 4.6 .9 1.4 2.8 8.4 8.2 2.2 54.7 7.5 10.4 23.8 22.1

Room layout/design 45.5 ........................... 21.7 23.8 7.3 .3 – 1.6 4.9 5.7 1.4 45.3 4.3 8.3 17.5 19.7

Kitchen 12.1 ...................................... 5.7 6.4 1.9 .6 – .2 1.1 .6 – 11.9 .2 .9 4.9 6.4

Size 40.1 ......................................... 14.7 25.4 5.1 .9 .2 1.9 6.8 5.8 1.7 39.2 4.2 9.7 14.9 15.5

Exterior appearance 22.4 ........................... 10.4 12.1 2.9 .9 .2 .4 2.6 2.4 1.6 21.8 1.3 2.5 8.0 12.0

Yard/trees/view 21.3 ............................... 11.2 10.1 2.6 .3 – .6 1.5 .6 1.3 21.1 1.0 3.1 8.3 9.9

Quality of construction 16.4 ......................... 8.6 7.8 3.2 .9 .5 – 1.8 .9 1.0 16.0 1.1 2.0 6.0 8.5

Only one available 19.9 ............................ 3.8 16.1 1.2 .3 .9 1.7 2.6 2.9 .9 19.3 2.6 3.8 10.5 5.6

Other 23.9 ....................................... 6.9 17.1 1.3 .7 .4 1.3 2.3 4.2 1.1 23.2 4.4 5.2 13.8 5.0

AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998 23

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 2~11. Reasons for Move and Choice of Current ResidencemOccupied UnitsmCon.

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Tenure Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Selected subareas1

Physical problems

Total

occupied

units Owner Renter

New

con~

struction

4 years

Mobile

homes Severe Moderate Black Hispanic

Elderly

(65

years

and

over)

Moved

in past

year

Below

poverty

level

Area

one

Area

two

Area

three

RESPONDENT MOVED DURING PAST

YEARmCon.

Main Reason for Choice of Present

Home

All reported reasons equal 15.3 ..................... 5.1 10.2 1.6 .9 – 1.1 2.0 2.2 .7 15.3 1.6 3.0 5.7 6.6 Financial reasons 37.0 ............................. 10.7 26.3 2.6 .3 1.4 2.0 5.9 6.2 1.5 35.9 5.7 7.2 16.4 13.3 Room layout/design 22.4 ........................... 11.5 10.9 3.4 – – .3 1.5 3.1 .8 22.4 2.2 4.3 9.0 9.2 Kitchen .6 ...................................... .2 .4 – – – – .2 – – .6 – – .2 .4 Size 14.3 ......................................... 4.2 10.1 1.3 .3 – .6 3.3 3.6 .4 13.8 2.4 4.2 5.3 4.8 Exterior appearance 4.2 ........................... 2.4 1.8 .9 – – – .2 .9 – 4.2 – .7 1.3 2.1 Yard/trees/view 4.3 ............................... 2.5 1.7 .7 – – .2 .2 .2 .2 4.3 .4 .4 1.5 2.4 Quality of construction 1.7 ......................... 1.0 .6 .6 – .2 – .7 .2 .2 1.5 .2 .4 .9 .4 Only one available 14.6 ............................ 1.6 13.0 .2 – .7 1.5 2.2 2.5 .9 14.0 2.4 2.5 8.0 4.1 Other 19.0 ....................................... 5.3 13.7 1.1 .7 .2 1.1 1.9 3.3 .9 18.6 3.7 3.6 11.1 4.3 Not reported 24.0 ................................. 7.9 16.1 1.7 .3 .6 1.6 4.8 2.3 2.4 22.3 5.6 4.7 8.9 10.5

Home Search

Now in house 92.6 ................................ 46.9 45.7 12.9 ... .8 3.1 9.8 13.1 4.2 89.6 10.8 10.7 38.3 43.7 Did not look at apartments 65.9 ................... 36.4 29.5 10.1 ... .4 1.6 6.8 8.5 3.1 63.3 7.2 8.0 27.6 30.2 Looked at apartments too 17.0 .................... 4.8 12.1 1.8 ... .2 1.1 1.3 3.4 .2 17.0 1.6 1.8 7.4 7.7 Search not reported 9.8 ......................... 5.7 4.1 1.0 ... .2 .4 1.7 1.2 .9 9.4 2.0 .9 3.2 5.7 Now in mobile home 2.5 .......................... 1.3 1.2 .3 2.5 – .3 – .3 .3 2.5 – – 1.0 1.5 Did not look at apartments 1.6 ................... 1.3 .3 .3 1.6 – – – – .3 1.6 – – 1.0 .6 Looked at apartments too .6 .................... – .6 – .6 – .3 – .3 – .6 – – – .6 Search not reported .3 ......................... – .3 – .3 – – – – – .3 – – – .3 Now in apartment 62.3 ............................. 4.3 58.0 .7 ... 2.2 5.0 13.2 11.0 3.5 60.7 13.5 20.3 29.1 12.9 Did not look at houses 35.0 ....................... 2.2 32.8 .7 ... .4 3.0 6.5 7.4 2.4 34.1 8.0 11.1 16.6 7.3 Looked at houses too 20.3 ....................... .8 19.4 – ... .9 .9 5.1 3.3 .4 19.8 4.3 7.0 9.6 3.7 Search not reported 7.0 ......................... 1.3 5.8 – ... .9 1.1 1.6 .2 .6 6.8 1.3 2.2 3.0 1.9

Recent Mover Comparison to Previous

Home

Better home 78.0 .................................. 32.8 45.2 10.0 1.3 .7 3.5 8.7 11.1 2.6 76.5 11.1 14.4 35.5 28.1

Worse home 33.7 ................................. 4.6 29.1 .9 .6 1.1 2.7 5.3 6.6 1.3 32.4 5.1 6.5 16.1 11.2

About the same 30.5 .............................. 8.4 22.1 1.8 .3 .9 .9 5.5 5.8 2.6 29.2 5.2 6.8 11.7 12.0

Not reported 15.3 ................................. 6.8 8.5 1.2 .3 .4 1.3 3.5 1.0 1.5 14.8 2.9 3.3 5.1 6.8

Recent Mover Comparison to Previous

Neighborhood

Better neighborhood 58.8 .......................... 24.7 34.1 7.7 1.2 .5 2.8 5.5 8.3 2.3 57.3 10.4 9.6 27.1 22.1 Worse neighborhood 23.8 .......................... 3.3 20.5 .8 .3 .7 1.8 4.5 5.4 .9 22.9 3.0 6.9 9.8 7.1 About the same 55.3 .............................. 17.3 38.0 3.8 .7 .7 2.5 8.9 8.1 3.4 54.0 6.8 9.3 25.3 20.8 Same neighborhood 4.4 ........................... .4 3.9 – – .8 – .6 1.6 – 3.9 .9 1.6 1.3 1.5 Not reported 15.2 ................................. 6.7 8.5 1.6 .3 .4 1.3 3.5 1.0 1.5 14.7 3.1 3.7 4.9 6.6

1See back cover for details.

2Figures may not add to total because more than one category may apply to a unit.

24 AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 2~12. Income CharacteristicsmOccupied Units

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Tenure Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Selected subareas1

Physical problems

Total

occupied

units Owner Renter

New

con~

struction

4 years

Mobile

homes Severe Moderate Black Hispanic

Elderly

(65

years

and

over)

Moved

in past

year

Below

poverty

level

Area

one

Area

two

Area

three

Total 855.7 ............................. 508.6 347.1 30.2 16.3 19.6 37.8 111.1 106.3 151.1 153.1 101.0 148.7 370.0 337.0

Household Income

Less than $5,000 48.4 .......................... 20.2 28.2 .6 .3 1.8 3.2 8.8 6.0 17.1 11.3 48.4 13.9 17.5 17.0

$5,000 to $9,999 45.0 ........................... 14.0 31.1 .4 1.0 2.0 3.6 12.3 6.6 16.8 9.5 35.9 14.7 16.7 13.6

$10,000 to $14,999 38.7 ......................... 14.4 24.3 .4 1.0 1.0 1.5 9.3 5.1 16.3 7.8 10.2 9.1 16.0 13.6

$15,000 to $19,999 43.8 ......................... 16.4 27.4 .4 2.6 2.0 3.4 8.2 8.2 13.7 8.4 4.1 11.1 16.4 16.3

$20,000 to $24,999 39.9 ......................... 13.0 26.9 – 2.2 3.4 2.7 6.7 11.4 9.6 7.2 1.8 11.8 11.5 16.6

$25,000 to $29,999 46.4 ......................... 21.9 24.6 .2 1.9 2.4 3.1 9.8 7.3 12.6 9.4 .5 10.8 20.1 15.6

$30,000 to $34,999 42.3 ......................... 18.6 23.8 .3 1.9 – 2.2 6.4 6.1 9.4 8.0 – 8.5 17.0 16.8

$35,000 to $39,999 38.4 ......................... 19.8 18.6 1.1 1.3 .2 3.2 4.8 5.8 7.4 6.1 .2 5.2 18.5 14.7

$40,000 to $49,999 73.1 ......................... 42.4 30.6 1.9 1.2 .9 3.1 10.0 10.5 12.3 13.7 – 7.9 37.3 27.9

$50,000 to $59,999 74.9 ......................... 41.9 32.9 1.2 1.6 1.1 2.8 7.8 8.7 8.5 14.0 – 14.5 33.4 26.9

$60,000 to $79,999 115.2 ......................... 71.8 43.4 4.6 .6 2.1 3.7 14.3 12.0 11.2 22.2 – 17.0 52.1 46.2

$80,000 to $99,999 81.1 ......................... 66.3 14.8 5.4 .6 1.3 2.3 5.0 9.3 4.7 14.6 – 6.3 41.1 33.7

$100,000 to $119,999 53.3 ...................... 45.2 8.1 4.4 – .7 .2 3.3 3.7 3.4 6.3 – 5.1 24.9 23.3

$120,000 or more 115.2 .......................... 102.9 12.3 9.2 .3 .6 2.7 4.5 5.7 8.1 14.7 – 12.9 47.5 54.8

Median 51 582 ................................... 68 868 32 329 94 664 28 259 24 225 32 958 30 329 37 159 25 829 46 549 5 296 31 769 54 193 56 081

As percent of poverty level:

Less than 50 percent 55.0 ....................... 21.5 33.5 .6 .3 2.0 4.3 11.3 7.4 17.8 13.5 55.0 17.0 19.3 18.7

50 to 99 46.0 ................................... 12.3 33.7 .2 .6 1.7 3.3 12.0 11.4 11.9 10.0 46.0 15.3 17.9 12.8

100 to 149 52.4 ................................ 16.7 35.7 .7 .6 3.2 3.3 9.6 11.8 16.1 9.9 ... 13.6 20.0 18.8

150 to 199 50.1 ................................ 21.5 28.6 .7 2.2 1.2 3.6 9.0 10.7 13.2 9.7 ... 11.5 18.3 20.3

200 percent or more 652.2 ........................ 436.6 215.6 28.0 12.5 11.4 23.1 69.2 65.0 92.2 110.0 ... 91.4 294.4 266.4

Income of Families and Primary

Individuals

Less than $5,000 52.7 .......................... 21.9 30.8 .6 .3 1.8 3.5 9.5 6.7 18.0 12.1 48.4 14.8 18.8 19.1

$5,000 to $9,999 49.0 ........................... 15.4 33.7 .4 1.3 2.0 3.8 12.3 7.7 17.0 10.4 35.9 15.6 18.6 14.8

$10,000 to $14,999 43.9 ......................... 14.8 29.1 .4 1.0 1.0 2.4 10.4 6.5 16.9 8.9 10.2 10.8 17.6 15.5

$15,000 to $19,999 48.1 ......................... 16.6 31.5 .4 2.6 2.0 3.4 8.6 8.8 14.1 10.6 4.1 12.2 18.6 17.4

$20,000 to $24,999 43.5 ......................... 13.9 29.6 – 2.2 3.4 3.2 7.4 12.3 10.0 8.3 1.8 12.7 12.8 18.0

$25,000 to $29,999 47.8 ......................... 22.2 25.7 .2 2.2 2.4 3.4 9.8 6.9 12.5 10.3 .5 11.6 21.7 14.5

$30,000 to $34,999 44.8 ......................... 19.0 25.8 .5 1.6 – 2.0 7.2 6.1 9.8 9.0 – 9.3 16.8 18.6

$35,000 to $39,999 37.1 ......................... 20.1 17.0 1.1 1.6 .2 3.0 3.9 5.0 6.8 6.5 .2 4.1 18.7 14.3

$40,000 to $49,999 75.3 ......................... 45.4 29.9 2.1 1.2 1.3 2.8 9.5 10.0 12.0 13.5 – 7.7 38.2 29.5

$50,000 to $59,999 71.6 ......................... 42.2 29.4 1.4 1.6 1.1 2.3 7.3 8.8 8.3 11.8 – 12.6 32.9 26.2

$60,000 to $79,999 106.5 ......................... 71.6 35.0 4.2 .3 1.8 3.1 14.3 10.3 10.8 18.5 – 16.3 47.7 42.6

$80,000 to $99,999 74.5 ......................... 62.3 12.2 5.6 .3 1.3 2.1 3.4 7.8 4.3 13.5 – 4.4 38.6 31.5

$100,000 to $119,999 49.8 ...................... 42.6 7.2 4.2 – .7 .4 3.5 3.9 3.0 5.2 – 4.8 23.2 21.8 $120,000 or more 110.8 .......................... 100.7 10.1 9.0 .3 .4 2.5 3.9 5.5 7.7 14.3 – 11.8 45.7 53.3 Median 48 074 ................................... 66 381 28 670 93 298 27 107 24 225 28 899 28 771 33 557 24 746 40 278 5 296 28 536 50 939 52 634

Income Sources of Families and

Primary Individuals2

Wages and salaries 689.4 ........................ 405.5 284.0 27.4 10.6 15.8 31.1 88.0 93.1 46.3 133.2 39.9 114.9 307.9 266.6

Wages and salaries were majority of income 627.0 . 364.4 262.6 26.8 9.3 13.7 28.1 79.8 88.0 26.5 127.7 32.8 104.3 283.0 239.7

2 or more people each earned over 20% of

wages and salaries 218.3 .................... 156.6 61.7 11.8 2.2 4.6 8.0 20.1 35.7 7.8 35.6 4.6 29.4 101.8 87.1

Business, farm, or ranch 102.1 .................... 75.8 26.2 3.9 .3 1.5 5.0 7.4 8.7 9.0 11.3 6.0 13.3 44.3 44.5

Social security or pensions 205.1 .................. 152.3 52.8 4.6 7.6 3.7 6.6 28.7 16.2 139.1 15.0 31.5 35.6 79.4 90.1

Interest 373.4 ................................... 281.7 91.7 17.3 6.9 4.2 11.9 26.5 26.5 88.5 51.1 21.0 47.2 175.4 150.9

Stock dividend(s) 222.3 ........................... 178.6 43.6 10.8 2.8 2.7 6.4 14.7 10.5 51.0 27.6 10.9 28.9 98.8 94.5

Rental income with lodger(s) 80.1 ................. 71.0 9.0 3.0 .6 .6 2.1 6.2 4.4 18.7 8.7 5.0 13.6 33.7 32.8

Welfare or SSI 55.5 ............................. 13.8 41.7 .4 1.8 4.0 6.7 21.0 7.2 11.8 9.3 21.9 19.4 17.2 19.0

Alimony or child support 34.0 ..................... 14.3 19.7 1.1 2.1 1.4 1.8 6.7 4.6 1.8 7.0 3.0 4.7 13.3 16.0

Other 108.0 ..................................... 60.7 47.3 3.1 3.4 3.5 8.2 15.8 13.6 16.7 16.3 10.6 20.5 50.6 36.9

Amount of Savings and Investments

Income of $25,000 or less 249.1 ........... 87.8 161.3 2.1 7.8 10.8 16.9 49.7 43.6 79.8 52.2 100.6 68.8 91.7 88.7

No savings or investments 120.5 .................. 25.3 95.2 .9 3.1 7.3 9.1 30.8 28.6 30.6 29.2 56.4 42.4 39.0 39.1

$25,000 or less 54.3 ............................ 19.5 34.8 .2 2.8 1.7 5.2 8.3 9.6 18.3 12.2 16.8 12.6 23.8 17.9

More than $25,000 29.4 ......................... 20.4 9.0 .2 .7 .4 .6 1.3 1.6 17.5 3.1 8.6 3.0 15.0 11.4

Not reported 44.9 ............................... 22.5 22.4 .9 1.2 1.3 2.0 9.4 3.8 13.5 7.7 18.8 10.8 13.8 20.3

Food Stamps

Income of $25,000 or less 249.1 ........... 87.8 161.3 2.1 7.8 10.8 16.9 49.7 43.6 79.8 52.2 100.6 68.8 91.7 88.7 Family members received food stamps 22.8 ....... 1.7 21.0 .2 – 2.0 3.1 10.8 4.6 1.7 5.4 14.9 10.2 6.2 6.3 Did not receive food stamps 195.9 ................. 74.0 121.9 1.5 7.5 8.2 11.8 31.2 36.2 72.4 40.2 72.9 50.6 76.5 68.8 Not reported 30.4 ............................... 12.0 18.4 .4 .3 .6 2.0 7.8 2.8 5.6 6.6 12.8 7.9 8.9 13.5

Rent Reductions

No subsidy 271.4 ................................ – 271.4 1.6 2.5 11.0 20.1 45.9 49.7 23.8 79.1 40.4 64.1 124.1 83.2

Rent control 24.4 ............................. – 24.4 – – .7 2.4 3.5 3.3 1.8 7.4 5.3 4.7 18.4 1.3

No rent control 245.2 ........................... – 245.2 1.6 2.5 10.3 17.6 42.0 46.3 22.0 70.8 34.6 59.1 104.1 81.9

Reduced by owner 17.8 ..................... – 17.8 – .3 1.4 1.3 3.1 3.4 1.8 3.4 4.1 4.9 6.7 6.1

Not reduced by owner 226.7 .................. – 226.7 1.6 2.2 8.9 16.3 38.6 43.0 20.2 67.2 30.2 53.9 97.4 75.4

Owner reduction not reported .6 ............ – .6 – – – – .2 – – .2 .2 .2 – .4

Rent control not reported 1.8 .................. – 1.8 – – – – .4 – – .9 .5 .2 1.5 –

Owned by public housing authority 10.1 ........... – 10.1 .4 – .5 .4 5.5 .7 3.4 1.1 4.6 3.7 2.2 4.2 Government subsidy 23.8 ....................... – 23.8 .2 – 1.4 2.9 10.9 2.9 5.9 4.0 12.4 9.3 9.1 5.4 Other, income verification 21.0 ................... – 21.0 .2 – 1.5 .8 5.1 3.7 1.3 10.8 2.9 4.7 9.3 7.0 Subsidy not reported 20.7 ....................... – 20.7 .4 .3 .4 1.9 6.2 2.2 2.2 6.3 7.0 7.7 6.0 7.0

1See back cover for details.

2Figures may not add to total because more than one category may apply to a unit.

AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998 25

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 2~13. Selected Housing CostsmOccupied Units

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Tenure Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Selected subareas1

Physical problems

Total

occupied

units Owner Renter

New

con~

struction

4 years

Mobile

homes Severe Moderate Black Hispanic

Elderly

(65

years

and

over)

Moved

in past

year

Below

poverty

level

Area

one

Area

two

Area

three

Total 855.7 ................................ 508.6 347.1 30.2 16.3 19.6 37.8 111.1 106.3 151.1 153.1 101.0 148.7 370.0 337.0

Monthly Housing Costs

Less than $100 5.5 ............................... 3.4 2.1 – .9 – – .5 1.1 2.0 1.8 1.7 .7 2.7 2.1

$100 to $199 28.8 ................................. 19.6 9.1 .9 1.3 1.0 1.6 7.0 3.5 15.7 3.1 9.0 6.4 10.5 11.8

$200 to $249 29.6 ................................. 25.1 4.5 .2 .3 .3 1.3 3.4 3.3 16.5 1.5 6.7 4.4 12.2 13.0

$250 to $299 33.6 ................................. 26.6 7.0 .4 .6 .7 1.1 5.7 4.8 14.5 2.3 5.6 6.9 14.0 12.7

$300 to $349 30.2 ................................. 24.9 5.4 .2 1.8 .5 .9 3.5 4.5 12.7 3.2 4.6 5.3 11.7 13.2

$350 to $399 26.0 ................................. 17.8 8.2 .2 .6 1.4 1.9 3.8 2.8 7.3 1.8 4.7 6.5 8.5 11.0

$400 to $449 21.8 ................................. 14.5 7.2 .4 .6 .6 1.5 2.2 2.9 6.8 2.5 4.8 4.4 9.7 7.7

$450 to $499 26.7 ................................. 13.9 12.9 .2 .7 1.1 3.1 4.1 5.8 7.6 4.3 4.9 7.3 9.6 9.8

$500 to $599 61.9 ................................. 23.4 38.5 1.1 2.3 2.5 3.8 12.6 9.9 12.6 12.2 9.8 20.1 22.1 19.7

$600 to $699 64.2 ................................. 20.8 43.4 .4 3.1 2.3 4.0 14.5 11.3 10.9 15.9 9.2 16.4 22.9 24.9

$700 to $799 57.2 ................................. 16.3 40.9 .4 1.5 1.7 3.3 11.2 8.8 9.4 10.9 7.7 13.9 23.5 19.8

$800 to $999 107.1 ................................. 33.1 74.0 1.2 1.3 3.3 4.4 17.6 15.2 14.7 23.4 9.4 16.9 48.6 41.6

$1,000 to $1,249 87.3 ............................. 43.1 44.2 1.6 .3 .9 3.2 7.2 10.7 7.8 20.3 7.8 10.4 44.4 32.5

$1,250 to $1,499 70.2 ............................. 47.3 22.9 2.8 .3 1.3 2.0 6.6 6.9 3.4 14.6 4.1 7.2 34.8 28.2

$1,500 or more 196.4 ............................... 178.8 17.6 19.8 .3 1.1 4.7 8.5 14.1 8.2 33.5 7.5 18.6 92.1 85.8

No cash rent 9.2 ................................. ... 9.2 .2 .3 1.0 .9 2.7 .7 1.0 1.8 3.4 3.3 2.5 3.3

Median (excludes no cash rent) 871 ............... 1 086 775 1500+ 552 657 677 679 733 447 938 569 665 949 902

Median Monthly Housing Costs for

Owners

Monthly costs including all mortgages plus

maintenance costs 1 144 .......................... 1 144 ... 1500+ 543 931 1 277 784 896 440 1 475 526 879 1 260 1 111

Monthly costs excluding second and

subsequent mortgages and maintenance

costs 1 075 ...................................... 1 075 ... 1500+ 537 896 1 170 712 843 398 1 418 497 763 1 215 1 036

Monthly Housing Costs as Percent of

Current Income2

Less than 5 percent 33.8 ........................... 31.6 2.2 .7 1.2 .2 .2 2.5 4.2 7.9 4.2 – 4.2 13.9 15.6

5 to 9 percent 85.5 ................................ 75.2 10.3 2.9 1.3 1.7 2.4 9.3 6.9 20.5 7.7 .4 11.9 36.9 36.8

10 to 14 percent 91.8 .............................. 65.5 26.3 1.9 2.2 1.6 2.3 7.9 9.9 19.9 7.9 .7 12.6 37.9 41.3

15 to 19 percent 120.6 .............................. 74.6 46.0 4.7 2.1 1.9 5.7 13.5 14.3 15.7 22.2 2.0 17.4 54.4 48.8

20 to 24 percent 102.7 .............................. 60.6 42.1 4.5 .6 2.6 3.7 11.5 10.5 12.1 18.8 2.3 13.1 50.8 38.8

25 to 29 percent 85.3 .............................. 51.0 34.3 4.1 1.9 1.0 4.8 12.4 9.2 10.0 16.2 3.0 13.2 34.7 37.4

30 to 34 percent 67.9 .............................. 32.6 35.3 3.1 1.6 2.1 3.3 12.0 11.2 10.3 14.8 5.9 14.7 29.0 24.2

35 to 39 percent 45.8 .............................. 23.8 22.0 3.1 .7 .2 2.4 4.9 7.3 6.4 9.3 2.0 9.3 22.6 13.9

40 to 49 percent 60.5 .............................. 28.6 31.8 1.8 2.2 3.4 4.2 9.5 9.6 8.3 13.8 4.9 12.7 24.4 23.4

50 to 59 percent 34.9 .............................. 15.8 19.0 1.0 .9 1.1 1.4 6.2 6.4 5.8 6.7 6.2 8.4 16.1 10.4

60 to 69 percent 18.5 .............................. 7.6 10.9 – – .4 1.1 4.0 2.7 4.3 4.2 4.8 4.5 8.3 5.7

70 to 99 percent 28.2 .............................. 10.0 18.2 .8 1.0 1.1 .2 3.1 4.8 8.7 6.3 9.8 6.0 11.8 10.4

100 percent or more3.......................... 50.7 22.4 28.3 1.0 .3 1.0 4.3 9.2 6.5 13.0 13.6 37.4 12.8 18.7 19.2

Zero or negative income 20.5 ....................... 9.4 11.1 .2 – .2 .9 2.6 2.2 7.1 5.4 18.5 4.6 8.1 7.8

No cash rent 9.2 ................................. – 9.2 .2 .3 1.0 .9 2.7 .7 1.0 1.8 3.4 3.3 2.5 3.3

Median (excludes 2 previous lines) 24 ........... 20 30 25 27 31 29 28 28 23 29 93 29 24 23

Median (excludes 3 lines before medians) 23 ..... 19 28 25 26 29 27 26 26 20 27 50 27 23 21

Rent Paid by Lodgers

Lodgers in housing units 27.8 ............... 9.9 18.0 .2 1.2 .9 1.3 3.0 5.7 1.3 7.1 2.2 6.4 14.3 7.2

Less than $100 per month .2 ..................... – .2 – – – – – .2 – – – – – .2

$100 to $199 1.8 ................................. 1.0 .8 – .3 .2 – – .6 .2 .4 – .4 .5 .9

$200 to $299 4.6 ................................. 1.0 3.6 – .6 – .4 1.0 .7 – 1.0 .2 1.4 2.2 1.0

$300 to $399 3.5 ................................. – 3.5 – – – .4 .9 1.1 – 1.5 .5 1.3 1.1 1.1

$400 or more per month 16.0 ....................... 6.9 9.2 .2 .3 .7 .5 .9 2.6 .9 3.5 1.3 3.1 9.6 3.3

Not reported 1.7 ................................. 1.1 .6 – – – – .2 .4 .2 .6 .2 .2 .9 .6

Median 400+ ...................................... 400+ 400+ ... ... ... ... ... 395 ... 400+ ... 400+ 400+ 400+

Monthly Cost Paid for Electricity

Electricity used 854.8 ....................... 508.2 346.7 30.2 16.3 18.7 37.8 111.1 105.9 151.1 152.9 101.0 148.7 369.8 336.3 Less than $25 161.2 ................................ 57.7 103.5 2.4 5.0 2.8 8.2 28.4 24.2 30.9 35.4 23.2 39.7 79.8 41.7 $25 to $49 235.1 ................................... 127.6 107.5 4.8 4.7 5.0 11.5 33.3 33.6 39.7 37.8 29.5 40.2 103.6 91.3 $50 to $74 142.1 ................................... 102.4 39.6 6.7 .6 2.3 4.3 12.2 14.6 25.4 24.4 12.1 17.0 72.9 52.2

$75 to $99 55.5 ................................... 42.4 13.1 1.8 .6 1.0 1.8 4.7 4.9 9.4 7.2 3.7 5.9 23.7 25.9

$100 to $149 64.1 ................................. 57.0 7.1 4.3 .3 .4 2.8 5.6 4.6 11.1 5.7 5.3 9.8 23.7 30.6

$150 to $199 32.9 ................................. 30.3 2.6 1.5 – .4 1.3 2.0 2.6 5.7 5.0 2.1 1.7 6.4 24.7

$200 or more 23.6 ................................. 21.2 2.4 2.6 – .2 .7 2.8 1.9 3.9 2.9 2.3 3.5 10.0 10.0

Median 46 ...................................... 58 33 68 28 41 40 37 39 45 41 38 37 44 53

Included in rent, other fee, or obtained free 140.3 ....... 69.5 70.8 6.2 5.0 6.7 7.3 22.1 19.5 25.0 34.4 22.8 30.9 49.6 59.8

Monthly Cost Paid for Piped Gas

Piped gas used 805.0 ....................... 486.8 318.2 29.1 12.6 17.8 36.1 103.7 99.9 138.0 144.0 92.9 140.6 350.4 314.0

Less than $25 253.9 ................................ 123.7 130.2 7.0 6.3 7.2 12.2 32.5 33.6 37.4 50.9 29.1 43.8 117.6 92.6

$25 to $49 246.2 ................................... 179.6 66.5 9.8 1.9 3.3 9.1 29.7 29.0 45.5 33.4 22.9 32.9 112.3 101.0

$50 to $74 76.3 ................................... 57.3 19.0 1.5 1.3 1.5 2.7 10.6 6.3 16.0 7.3 7.2 14.0 37.4 24.9

$75 to $99 25.1 ................................... 18.2 6.9 .2 .7 – 1.4 4.1 4.1 4.5 3.0 2.0 5.4 12.6 7.1

$100 to $149 16.7 ................................. 14.8 1.9 1.3 – .5 .2 1.0 3.0 3.5 2.3 1.5 2.7 6.5 7.6

$150 to $199 4.8 ................................. 3.4 1.3 – – – .2 .9 .9 .7 .9 .7 .4 1.8 2.6

$200 or more 6.8 ................................. 5.0 1.8 .4 – – .2 1.1 .2 .6 1.3 1.1 1.5 4.0 1.3

Median 31 ...................................... 36 25~ 33 25~ 25~ 27 31 29 34 25~ 28 30 31 31

Included in rent, other fee, or obtained free 175.2 ....... 84.8 90.5 8.8 2.5 5.3 10.0 23.9 22.8 29.9 44.8 28.4 39.8 58.3 77.1

26 AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 2~13. Selected Housing CostsmOccupied UnitsmCon.

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Tenure Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Selected subareas1

Physical problems

Total

occupied

units Owner Renter

New

con~

struction

4 years

Mobile

homes Severe Moderate Black Hispanic

Elderly

(65

years

and

over)

Moved

in past

year

Below

poverty

level

Area

one

Area

two

Area

three

Average Monthly Cost Paid for Fuel Oil

Fuel oil used 48.9 ......................... 27.4 21.5 1.1 .3 1.1 1.6 4.7 7.9 8.1 10.1 6.8 8.0 32.0 8.9

Less than $25 4.4 ................................ 1.7 2.7 – – .2 .2 .9 .9 .9 .6 .7 .5 1.4 2.6

$25 to $49 .5 ................................... .5 – – – – – – – .5 – .3 – .3 .2

$50 to $74 – ................................... – – – – – – – – – – ––– –

$75 to $99 .7 ................................... .4 .2 – – – – .2 – – – – – .4 .2

$100 to $149 .9 ................................. .7 .2 – – – – – .2 – – – – .7 .2

$150 to $199 – ................................. – – – – – – – – – – ––– –

$200 or more .2 ................................. .2 – – – – – – – – – – – – .2

Median 25 ...................................... ~ 26 25~ ... ... ... ... ... 25~ 25~ 25~ 25~ 25~ 25~ 25~

Included in rent, other fee, or obtained free 42.1 ....... 23.7 18.4 1.1 .3 .9 1.4 3.6 6.8 6.7 9.5 5.9 7.5 29.3 5.3

Property Insurance

Property insurance paid 564.6 ....................... 486.2 78.4 27.3 11.6 5.2 15.5 47.9 53.4 117.6 71.8 42.5 73.5 244.1 247.1

Median per month 52 ......................... 56 25 62 32 ... 39 49 44 48 44 48 64 50 51

Monthly Costs Paid for Selected Utilities

and Fuels

Water paid separately 543.1 ......................... 444.3 98.8 25.9 3.4 7.1 17.0 53.5 60.5 100.5 65.5 44.6 76.9 234.1 232.1

Median 35 .................................... 36 28 40 ... 32 33 35 35 32 31 35 39 29 39

Trash paid separately 497.9 ......................... 422.7 75.2 25.2 3.4 6.7 14.5 38.3 52.0 95.6 56.7 36.2 59.1 208.2 230.6

Median 20 .................................... 20 19 19 ... 21 21 22 20 20 19 20 22 19 21

Bottled gas paid separately 5.8 .................... 4.5 1.4 – 2.8 .6 .3 .3 .8 1.5 – 1.2 .2 2.5 3.1

Median 45 .................................... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Other fuel paid separately 98.7 ...................... 75.0 23.7 4.0 .3 2.2 5.6 8.8 12.6 10.5 13.5 6.4 13.0 42.0 43.7

Median 10 .................................... ~ 10 10~ ... ... ... 10~ 10~ 10~ 10~ 10~ 10~ 10~ 10~ 11

OWNER OCCUPIED UNITS

Total 508.6 ................................ 508.6 ... 27.3 13.5 4.8 11.6 37.6 47.3 114.5 51.8 33.8 59.2 219.2 230.2

Cost and Ownership Sharing

Ownership shared by person not living here 23.1 ...... 23.1 ... 1.1 1.2 .2 1.5 1.1 2.4 5.6 2.1 2.8 2.2 11.8 9.1

Costs shared by person not living here 4.6 ........ 4.6 ... .2 – .2 .4 .2 1.3 .7 .2 1.1 .4 3.5 .6

Costs not shared 18.5 ........................... 18.5 ... .9 1.2 – 1.1 .9 1.1 4.9 1.9 1.8 1.7 8.3 8.5

Cost sharing not reported – .................... – ... – – – – – – – – – – – –

Ownership not shared 454.2 ......................... 454.2 ... 24.3 11.3 4.3 8.9 31.7 43.0 104.5 44.0 26.6 52.5 197.9 203.7

Costs shared by person not living here 1.9 ........ 1.9 ... .2 – .2 – .7 .2 .2 .2 – 1.1 .8 –

Costs not shared 452.2 ........................... 452.2 ... 24.1 11.3 4.1 8.9 31.1 42.8 104.3 43.8 26.6 51.4 197.1 203.7

Cost sharing not reported – .................... – ... – – – – – – – – – – – –

Ownership sharing not reported 31.4 ................ 31.4 ... 1.9 .9 .2 1.1 4.8 1.9 4.4 5.7 4.4 4.5 9.5 17.4

Monthly Payment for Principal and

Interest

One or more regular mortgages 344.3 ................ 344.3 ... 24.3 5.6 3.6 8.2 25.4 29.7 36.2 40.4 15.2 37.8 152.4 154.1 Less than $100 14.0 ............................. 14.0 ... .2 1.9 .5 – 1.8 1.3 3.8 1.7 1.5 2.3 3.9 7.7 $100 to $199 9.7 ............................... 9.7 ... – .3 – .4 1.1 .7 3.4 .2 .6 1.5 3.8 4.4 $200 to $249 5.2 ............................... 5.2 ... .4 – – .2 1.1 .6 1.3 .2 .6 .9 2.2 2.1 $250 to $299 6.4 ............................... 6.4 ... .2 .9 .2 .3 1.5 .4 2.0 .5 – 1.3 1.9 3.2 $300 to $349 5.6 ............................... 5.6 ... .2 .7 – .2 1.5 – 1.8 .4 .4 1.6 1.7 2.4 $350 to $399 5.3 ............................... 5.3 ... .4 – – – 1.0 .7 1.3 .2 – .6 2.6 2.1 $400 to $449 6.6 ............................... 6.6 ... – .6 – – .4 .7 1.1 .8 .4 1.1 2.1 3.4 $450 to $499 5.7 ............................... 5.7 ... .4 .6 – .2 .9 .2 2.0 .5 .2 1.1 2.4 2.2 $500 to $599 15.5 ............................... 15.5 ... .7 – .2 .4 1.5 2.0 3.6 1.6 .8 2.0 5.6 7.9 $600 to $699 15.4 ............................... 15.4 ... .4 .3 .4 – 1.3 2.5 4.2 1.5 .5 1.8 5.5 8.0 $700 to $799 18.4 ............................... 18.4 ... .2 – .4 .6 .9 2.2 1.7 1.1 1.1 1.7 8.4 8.2 $800 to $999 40.7 ............................... 40.7 ... 2.0 .3 .4 1.5 2.1 4.3 2.8 4.3 3.0 3.6 16.4 20.7 $1,000 to $1,249 56.1 ........................... 56.1 ... 2.5 – .7 1.3 5.0 4.8 1.8 6.5 1.5 5.8 26.4 24.0 $1,250 to $1,499 52.2 ........................... 52.2 ... 3.2 – .2 1.5 2.8 6.0 1.9 7.2 2.6 5.4 27.8 19.1 $1500 or more 87.4 ............................. 87.4 ... 13.5 – .4 1.4 2.4 3.4 3.5 13.6 1.9 7.1 41.5 38.7 Median 1 105 .................................... 1 105 ... 1500+ 283 ... 1 030 763 968 540 1 271 892 964 1 185 1 049

Average Monthly Cost Paid for Real

Estate Taxes

Less than $25 36.6 ................................ 36.6 ... 3.5 10.7 .9 1.1 2.9 4.5 12.0 10.4 4.1 3.5 15.5 17.6 $25 to $49 24.5 ................................... 24.5 ... .2 1.6 – 1.1 3.0 4.9 11.9 2.7 2.0 3.5 8.6 12.3 $50 to $74 58.2 ................................... 58.2 ... .6 .3 .7 1.0 6.6 7.5 27.5 2.8 6.8 8.7 26.9 22.6 $75 to $99 51.5 ................................... 51.5 ... 1.5 .3 .9 .6 3.4 4.9 18.6 2.4 3.9 5.3 21.8 24.4 $100 to $149 99.7 ................................. 99.7 ... 2.0 .3 .9 2.1 9.8 10.9 20.9 9.1 7.2 11.4 39.3 48.9 $150 to $199 74.8 ................................. 74.8 ... 3.0 – .9 1.7 4.7 7.0 8.7 8.6 3.5 7.3 34.7 32.9 $200 or more 163.3 ................................. 163.3 ... 16.3 .3 .6 3.9 7.1 7.7 14.7 15.8 6.4 19.5 72.4 71.4

Median 142 ...................................... 142 ... 200+ 25~ ... 147 115 109 83 142 101 138 147 139

Annual Taxes Paid per $1,000 Value

Less than $5 122.1 ................................. 122.1 ... 6.2 8.6 1.1 1.5 5.6 13.3 52.8 13.8 12.5 11.4 58.6 52.2 $5 to $9 190.1 ..................................... 190.1 ... 6.7 2.8 2.2 4.8 15.7 15.8 37.6 14.5 9.9 21.8 83.7 84.6 $10 to $14 148.4 ................................... 148.4 ... 10.1 1.2 .8 3.7 11.4 14.4 16.3 16.7 6.8 19.9 59.4 69.0 $15 to $19 20.1 ................................... 20.1 ... .8 – .2 .6 2.8 1.3 3.2 3.3 2.0 2.7 6.9 10.5 $20 to $24 6.2 ................................... 6.2 ... .4 – – .4 .4 .7 1.5 .4 .2 .9 1.7 3.6 $25 or more 21.7 .................................. 21.7 ... 3.0 .9 .4 .5 1.7 1.9 3.2 3.0 2.3 2.4 9.0 10.3 Median 8 ...................................... 8 ... 10 5~ ... 9 9 8 6 9 7 9 8 9

Routine Maintenance in Last Year

Less than $25 per month 166.6 ...................... 166.6 ... 17.5 8.0 1.8 4.2 11.7 17.4 49.7 20.1 13.3 15.7 82.5 68.4

$25 to $49 111.1 ................................... 111.1 ... 2.1 2.4 1.3 .7 6.7 10.4 23.7 7.7 6.2 10.2 49.5 51.4

$50 to $74 20.7 ................................... 20.7 ... – – .2 .4 2.0 1.7 4.8 1.5 1.3 2.9 9.1 8.7

$75 to $99 52.5 ................................... 52.5 ... 1.9 .3 .2 1.7 3.1 4.8 8.0 2.6 3.2 7.7 20.5 24.3

$100 to $149 23.8 ................................. 23.8 ... .4 – .4 – 2.2 2.2 5.0 1.3 .7 3.8 8.9 11.1

$150 to $199 26.4 ................................. 26.4 ... .2 .3 – .7 1.1 2.8 3.8 1.8 .6 2.9 10.3 13.2

$200 or more per month 37.3 ....................... 37.3 ... .7 .6 .2 2.2 2.4 2.4 3.2 3.7 1.6 5.0 14.8 17.5

Not reported 70.3 ................................. 70.3 ... 4.5 1.9 .6 1.6 8.5 5.5 16.3 13.1 7.0 11.0 23.7 35.6

Median 37 ...................................... 37 ... 25~ 25~ ... 53 36 33 25~ 25~ 25 46 33 39

AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998 27

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 2~13. Selected Housing CostsmOccupied UnitsmCon.

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Tenure Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Selected subareas1

Physical problems

Total

occupied

units Owner Renter

New

con~

struction

4 years

Mobile

homes Severe Moderate Black Hispanic

Elderly

(65

years

and

over)

Moved

in past

year

Below

poverty

level

Area

one

Area

two

Area

three

OWNER OCCUPIED UNITSmCon.

Condominium and Cooperative Fee

Fee paid by owners 50.3 ................... 50.3 ... 2.7 – .2 1.3 2.4 3.6 14.2 9.0 2.8 3.4 22.5 24.4

Less than $25 per month 1.1 ...................... 1.1 ... – – – – – .2 – .2 – .2 .7 .2

$25 to $49 .2 ................................... .2 ... – – – – – – – – – – .2 –

$50 to $74 .4 ................................... .4 ... .2 – – – – .2 – .2 – – .2 .2

$75 to $99 1.0 ................................... 1.0 ... – – – – – .2 .2 .2 – .2 .2 .6

$100 to $149 9.2 ................................. 9.2 ... 1.5 – .2 .7 .9 .2 1.4 2.2 .9 .5 6.1 2.6

$150 to $199 17.7 ................................. 17.7 ... .6 – – .4 .9 1.9 3.1 4.1 .2 .7 9.9 7.2

$200 or more per month 14.1 ....................... 14.1 ... .2 – – .2 .2 .7 7.4 1.1 .4 1.1 2.8 10.2

Not reported 6.5 ................................. 6.5 ... .2 – – – .4 .2 2.1 1.0 1.3 .7 2.5 3.4

Median 178 ...................................... 178 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 200+ 165 ... ... 163 198

Other Housing Costs per Month

Homeowner association fee paid 70.1 ................ 70.1 ... 10.4 – .2 1.4 3.4 3.6 11.8 8.1 2.3 5.2 28.6 36.4

Median 53 .................................... 53 ... 73 ... ... ... ... ... 63 70 ... ... 42 69

Mobile home park fee paid 1.8 ..................... 1.8 ... – 1.8 .3 – – .3 .6 – – – .9 .9

Median ... .................................... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Land rent fee paid 1.4 ............................ 1.4 ... – .3 – – – – .5 – .3 – .5 .9

Median ... .................................... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

1See back cover for details.

2Beginning with 1989 this item uses current income in its calculation, see Appendix A.

3May reflect a temporary situation, living off savings or response error.

28 AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 2~17. Rooms in Unit by Household and Unit Size, Income, and CostsmOccupied Units

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Occupied units

Rooms Bedrooms

Total

1 and 2

rooms

3 and 4

rooms

5 and 6

rooms

7 rooms

or more Median No rooms 1 room 2 rooms 3 rooms

4 rooms

or more Median

Total 855.7 ................................ 17.1 274.6 318.2 245.7 5.4 7.4 130.7 239.1 301.2 177.4 2.7

Persons

1 person 225.2 ..................................... 15.1 118.9 67.7 23.5 4.1 6.8 83.0 72.6 51.4 11.3 1.8

2 persons 269.5 .................................... 1.4 85.7 108.1 74.3 5.4 .3 34.3 87.1 100.9 46.9 2.6

3 persons 143.1 .................................... .2 35.2 62.2 45.4 5.7 .2 8.9 39.6 61.7 32.7 2.9

4 persons 123.4 .................................... – 23.1 43.6 56.7 6.3 – 3.1 26.2 49.3 44.8 3.2

5 persons 58.6 .................................... .5 7.7 22.0 28.5 6.4 – 1.2 8.7 24.1 24.5 3.3

6 persons 21.2 .................................... – 3.1 8.2 9.9 6.3 – .2 3.7 7.3 9.9 3.4

7 persons or more 14.8 ............................ – .9 6.4 7.5 6.5+ – – 1.1 6.4 7.3 3.5

Median 2.3 ...................................... 1.5~ 1.7 2.3 3.1 ... 1.5~ 1.5~ 2.0 2.5 3.4 ...

Rooms

1 room 5.9 ...................................... ... ... ... ... ... 5.9 – – – – .5~

2 rooms 11.2 ..................................... ... ... ... ... ... 1.0 7.6 2.6 – – 1.1

3 rooms 107.7 ..................................... ... ... ... ... ... .4 102.9 2.2 2.3 – 1.0

4 rooms 166.9 ..................................... ... ... ... ... ... – 17.4 146.1 2.1 1.3 2.0

5 rooms 171.9 ..................................... ... ... ... ... ... – 2.6 61.4 107.5 .4 2.7

6 rooms 146.3 ..................................... ... ... ... ... ... – .2 19.7 111.1 15.3 3.0

7 rooms 119.8 ..................................... ... ... ... ... ... – – 5.8 54.9 59.1 3.5

8 rooms 78.6 ..................................... ... ... ... ... ... – – 1.1 17.3 60.1 3.5+

9 rooms 30.5 ..................................... ... ... ... ... ... – – .2 4.6 25.6 3.5+

10 rooms or more 16.9 ............................. ... ... ... ... ... – – – 1.3 15.6 3.5+

Median 5.3 ...................................... ... ... ... ... ... 1.5~ 3.1 4.3 5.8 7.7 ...

Bedrooms

None 7.4 ........................................ 6.9 .4 – – 1.6 ... ... ... ... ... ...

1 130.7 ........................................... 7.6 120.2 2.8 – 3.5 ... ... ... ... ... ...

2 239.1 ........................................... 2.6 148.3 81.0 7.1 4.1 ... ... ... ... ... ...

3 301.2 ........................................... – 4.4 218.6 78.2 5.8 ... ... ... ... ... ...

4 or more 177.4 .................................... – 1.3 15.7 160.4 6.5+ ... ... ... ... ... ...

Median 2.7 ...................................... .7 1.6 2.8 3.5+ ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Complete Bathrooms

None 12.5 ........................................ 7.5 4.6 .2 .2 2.2 3.9 1.4 3.1 2.9 1.3 1.8 1 329.1 ........................................... 9.5 212.7 99.5 7.4 4.0 3.2 126.2 138.0 59.2 2.6 1.8 1 and one~half 91.1 ................................ .2 22.5 48.3 20.1 5.4 – 2.1 33.8 41.4 13.9 2.7 2 or more 422.9 .................................... – 34.8 170.1 218.0 6.5+ .2 1.0 64.1 197.8 159.7 3.2

Lot Size1

Less than one~eighth acre 159.5 ..................... 2.4 35.5 85.9 35.7 5.5 .9 12.1 47.6 77.2 21.7 2.7

One~eighth up to one~quarter acre 234.4 .............. 1.3 27.8 107.5 97.7 6.1 .2 9.3 38.9 113.5 72.4 3.1

One~quarter up to one~half acre 126.1 ................. .7 16.0 41.8 67.6 6.5+ .2 5.8 20.0 47.2 52.9 3.3

One~half up to one acre 38.0 ........................ .4 6.2 9.8 21.5 6.5+ .2 2.4 6.1 12.8 16.5 3.3

1 up to 5 acres 26.7 ............................... .2 6.9 7.2 12.4 6.2 – 2.8 5.6 9.4 9.0 3.0

5 up to 10 acres 2.6 .............................. – .2 1.3 1.1 ... – – .4 1.5 .7 ...

10 acres or more 8.2 ............................. – 3.3 2.9 1.9 5.0 – 1.1 2.5 3.1 1.5 2.7

Median .20 ...................................... .14 .18 .18 .23 ... .13~ .19 .17 .19 .24 ...

Income of Families and Primary

Individuals

Less than $5,000 52.7 ............................. 3.9 20.7 18.9 9.3 4.7 1.8 11.5 16.9 17.3 5.3 2.3

$5,000 to $9,999 49.0 ............................. 3.6 24.4 16.2 4.8 4.2 1.2 16.0 15.9 11.3 4.7 2.0

$10,000 to $14,999 43.9 ........................... 2.0 22.8 14.6 4.5 4.3 1.2 10.9 17.8 10.9 3.0 2.0

$15,000 to $19,999 48.1 ........................... 2.1 25.4 17.2 3.4 4.2 .7 14.7 17.0 13.1 2.6 2.0

$20,000 to $24,999 43.5 ........................... .6 22.1 15.1 5.7 4.4 .4 10.0 17.7 12.0 3.4 2.1

$25,000 to $29,999 47.8 ........................... 1.5 21.1 19.0 6.3 4.6 .5 11.1 16.3 14.5 5.4 2.3

$30,000 to $34,999 44.8 ........................... .2 20.5 18.7 5.4 4.7 .2 11.7 14.1 15.6 3.1 2.2

$35,000 to $39,999 37.1 ........................... 1.1 14.7 15.2 6.1 4.9 .2 7.4 13.3 12.4 3.8 2.3

$40,000 to $49,999 75.3 ........................... .4 26.7 33.5 14.7 5.1 .4 11.6 25.1 27.3 10.9 2.5

$50,000 to $59,999 71.6 ........................... .4 27.4 28.9 14.9 5.0 .2 10.7 23.9 26.6 10.3 2.5

$60,000 to $79,999 106.5 ........................... .9 27.7 46.0 32.0 5.6 .2 10.0 28.3 46.5 21.5 2.8

$80,000 to $99,999 74.5 ........................... – 9.4 29.0 36.1 6.4 – 2.2 14.5 31.9 25.9 3.1

$100,000 to $119,999 49.8 ......................... – 4.6 19.0 26.2 6.5+ – 1.3 7.9 20.4 20.3 3.3

$120,000 or more 110.8 ............................. .4 7.3 26.9 76.2 6.5+ .2 1.6 10.4 41.2 57.3 3.5+

Median 48 074 ...................................... 12 708 30 222 47 232 88 668 ... 12 730 26 005 36 418 56 045 91 449 ...

Monthly Housing Costs

Less than $100 5.5 ............................... .4 2.6 2.5 – 4.3 .2 1.8 2.4 1.1 – 1.8

$100 to $199 28.8 ................................. .5 12.5 14.0 1.7 4.7 .2 6.6 9.6 11.2 1.1 2.3

$200 to $249 29.6 ................................. .5 5.3 18.4 5.4 5.5 .3 2.2 6.5 17.2 3.4 2.8

$250 to $299 33.6 ................................. 1.4 5.8 17.3 9.1 5.6 1.0 2.9 7.4 16.7 5.7 2.8

$300 to $349 30.2 ................................. .7 8.0 14.5 7.0 5.4 .5 3.2 8.2 14.3 4.0 2.7

$350 to $399 26.0 ................................. 1.8 7.0 8.8 8.4 5.5 1.1 4.2 5.7 7.7 7.3 2.8

$400 to $449 21.8 ................................. 1.4 6.0 7.4 7.0 5.5 .4 3.8 4.7 8.0 4.9 2.7

$450 to $499 26.7 ................................. 1.5 10.6 6.8 7.9 4.9 .8 7.0 6.9 7.3 4.7 2.3

$500 to $599 61.9 ................................. 3.4 33.3 17.6 7.7 4.2 1.1 25.2 16.7 13.8 5.1 1.8

$600 to $699 64.2 ................................. 1.0 40.4 12.8 10.0 4.0 – 22.7 26.1 8.2 7.1 1.9

$700 to $799 57.2 ................................. 1.5 34.4 15.9 5.4 4.1 .2 18.0 25.8 10.0 3.2 1.9

$800 to $999 107.1 ................................. .6 57.6 36.4 12.4 4.3 .2 21.6 49.2 27.4 8.8 2.1

$1,000 to $1,249 87.3 ............................. .6 28.3 42.8 15.6 5.2 .4 6.3 32.5 37.2 10.8 2.6

$1,250 to $1,499 70.2 ............................. – 9.8 36.4 24.1 5.9 – .7 17.4 34.3 17.8 3.0

$1,500 or more 196.4 ............................... .9 9.8 63.2 122.5 6.5+ .2 2.0 18.1 84.0 92.2 3.4

No cash rent 9.2 ................................. .9 3.2 3.5 1.5 4.7 .7 2.5 1.8 2.8 1.3 2.2

Median (excludes no cash rent) 871 ............... 497 712 918 1500+ ... 415 631 795 1 042 1500+ ...

Median Monthly Housing Costs for

Owners

Monthly costs including all mortgages plus

maintenance costs 1 144 .......................... 589 774 911 1500+ ... 1 016 613 785 1 087 1500+ ...

Monthly costs excluding second and

subsequent mortgages and maintenance

costs 1 075 ...................................... 589 728 848 1500+ ... 1 016 594 737 1 012 1500+ ...

AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998 29

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 2~17. Rooms in Unit by Household and Unit Size, Income, and CostsmOccupied Unitsm

Con.

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Occupied units

Rooms Bedrooms

Total

1 and 2

rooms

3 and 4

rooms

5 and 6

rooms

7 rooms

or more Median No rooms 1 room 2 rooms 3 rooms

4 rooms

or more Median

OWNER OCCUPIED UNITS

Total 508.6 ................................ 2.9 56.6 227.9 221.1 6.2 .9 12.7 103.1 233.8 158.2 3.1

Value

Less than $10,000 9.9 ............................ – 2.1 3.5 4.3 6.1 – .9 3.2 1.6 4.2 3.1

$10,000 to $19,999 3.5 ........................... .3 .9 2.0 .2 ... – .7 1.5 1.1 .2 ...

$20,000 to $29,999 4.6 ........................... – 2.6 1.8 .2 ... – 1.5 1.5 1.6 – ...

$30,000 to $39,999 2.2 ........................... – .2 1.2 .9 ... – – 1.0 1.3 – ...

$40,000 to $49,999 1.0 ........................... – – 1.0 – ... – – .7 .2 – ...

$50,000 to $59,999 4.5 ........................... – 1.6 2.7 .2 ... – .6 2.4 1.0 .5 ...

$60,000 to $69,999 3.5 ........................... – 1.8 1.7 – ... – .7 2.0 .4 .4 ...

$70,000 to $79,999 6.3 ........................... .2 1.6 4.1 .4 5.2 .2 .3 3.6 1.8 .4 2.2

$80,000 to $99,999 16.0 ........................... .5 7.2 7.2 1.2 4.6 .2 .9 9.7 5.0 .2 2.2

$100,000 to $119,999 18.0 ......................... .2 5.9 10.5 1.3 5.0 – 1.4 7.8 8.4 .4 2.5

$120,000 to $149,999 40.6 ......................... .2 7.6 26.9 6.0 5.4 – 1.1 16.0 20.2 3.4 2.7

$150,000 to $199,999 99.3 ......................... .2 15.0 59.5 24.6 5.7 .4 2.7 22.8 53.7 19.8 2.9

$200,000 to $249,999 85.6 ......................... .4 4.3 47.9 32.9 6.1 – 1.3 11.9 50.5 21.9 3.1

$250,000 to $299,999 54.6 ......................... .2 2.6 25.7 26.2 6.4 – – 8.6 26.7 19.4 3.2

$300,000 or more 158.9 ............................. .6 3.3 32.2 122.8 6.5+ – .8 10.5 60.3 87.2 3.5+

Median 226 173 ...................................... ... 137 509 193 117 300K+ ... ... 112 642 154 874 220 386 300K+ ...

1Does not include multiunits, cooperatives or condominiums.

30 AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 2~18. Square Footage by Household and Unit Size, Income, and CostsmOccupied Units

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Size of occupied detached 1~family homes and 1~family mobile homes

Total

Less than 500

square feet

500 to 999

square feet

1000 to 1499

square feet

1500 to 1999

square feet

2000 to 2499

square feet

2500

square

feet or

more

Not

reported Median

Total 553.0 ................................ 9.0 35.4 127.8 127.6 80.3 80.3 92.7 1 727

Persons

1 person 102.5 ..................................... 5.3 11.9 28.0 16.2 6.8 7.2 27.1 1 368 2 persons 175.8 .................................... 1.6 10.9 42.9 44.2 26.8 26.9 22.3 1 740 3 persons 99.1 .................................... 1.0 6.0 21.9 26.5 15.0 13.3 15.4 1 744 4 persons 98.7 .................................... .7 3.8 19.3 25.6 18.8 17.4 13.1 1 871 5 persons 48.4 .................................... .4 1.8 10.9 10.6 8.4 8.9 7.4 1 850 6 persons 16.3 .................................... – .8 2.6 1.5 3.0 5.0 3.4 2 259 7 persons or more 12.3 ............................ – .2 2.2 2.9 1.5 1.5 3.9 1 794 Median 2.5 ...................................... 1.5~ 2.0 2.3 2.6 2.9 3.0 2.4 ...

Rooms

1 room 1.5 ...................................... .2 – .2 – – – 1.1 ...

2 rooms 3.7 ..................................... 1.1 .4 – – – .2 1.9 ...

3 rooms 18.2 ..................................... 3.2 6.0 1.6 – .4 .4 6.6 718

4 rooms 48.7 ..................................... 2.0 15.2 13.7 3.0 .9 .6 13.2 1 018

5 rooms 120.9 ..................................... .5 10.5 60.8 17.6 2.9 3.7 24.9 1 304

6 rooms 124.9 ..................................... 1.8 2.6 39.1 44.9 9.2 6.5 20.9 1 595

7 rooms 112.4 ..................................... .2 .6 11.1 43.4 32.3 12.5 12.1 1 939

8 rooms 76.1 ..................................... – – 1.3 16.9 26.5 23.6 7.9 2 301

9 rooms 29.8 ..................................... – – – 1.2 6.9 20.4 1.3 2500+

10 rooms or more 16.6 ............................. – – – .4 1.3 12.3 2.6 2500+

Median 6.2 ...................................... 3.5 4.2 5.3 6.5 7.3 8.2 5.4 ...

Bedrooms

None 2.0 ........................................ .5 .2 .2 – – – 1.1 ...

1 23.1 ........................................... 4.6 8.1 3.6 .2 – .7 5.9 746

2 97.5 ........................................... 2.8 19.5 33.0 12.2 3.3 3.5 23.2 1 224

3 257.3 ........................................... .7 7.1 82.2 76.0 28.6 21.2 41.6 1 618

4 or more 173.1 .................................... .4 .4 8.8 39.2 48.5 54.9 20.8 2 281

Median 3.1 ...................................... 1.4 2.0 2.8 3.2 3.5+ 3.5+ 2.9 ...

Complete Bathrooms

None 7.5 ........................................ 1.0 – .2 – .2 .2 5.9 500~ 1 135.8 ........................................... 7.2 29.1 45.8 11.2 2.1 4.3 36.1 1 148 1 and one~half 58.6 ................................ .4 2.0 18.2 16.2 6.3 3.3 12.3 1 579 2 or more 351.1 .................................... .4 4.3 63.7 100.2 71.7 72.5 38.3 1 939

Lot Size1

Less than one~eighth acre 143.5 ..................... 2.7 16.1 46.9 30.3 11.9 9.9 25.8 1 428

One~eighth up to one~quarter acre 217.0 .............. 4.1 10.1 55.8 55.2 32.4 23.8 35.6 1 687

One~quarter up to one~half acre 116.7 ................. 1.8 3.5 15.4 30.2 24.0 22.3 19.6 1 963

One~half up to one acre 34.7 ........................ – 2.0 2.8 4.7 7.0 13.1 5.2 2 383

1 up to 5 acres 22.4 ............................... .2 .4 2.2 3.5 3.2 9.1 3.8 2 472

5 up to 10 acres 2.6 .............................. – .2 .4 .7 .4 .4 .4 ...

10 acres or more 6.4 ............................. .2 1.4 1.3 .4 .7 1.1 1.4 1 362

Median .20 ...................................... .18 .14 .16 .20 .23 .32 .20 ...

Income of Families and Primary

Individuals

Less than $5,000 29.9 ............................. 1.0 2.7 4.1 6.9 2.3 3.5 9.3 1 679

$5,000 to $9,999 23.8 ............................. 1.4 3.1 5.7 2.2 .9 2.2 8.5 1 283

$10,000 to $14,999 17.6 ........................... .2 1.6 4.9 1.1 1.1 3.1 5.6 1 423

$15,000 to $19,999 23.7 ........................... .5 4.1 5.6 4.0 .8 .8 7.9 1 301

$20,000 to $24,999 21.0 ........................... 1.1 2.5 5.1 2.8 1.7 2.0 6.0 1 390

$25,000 to $29,999 27.5 ........................... 1.0 2.0 8.4 4.3 1.7 2.0 8.1 1 397

$30,000 to $34,999 23.5 ........................... .6 1.7 7.3 5.6 1.5 .9 5.9 1 444

$35,000 to $39,999 20.7 ........................... .4 2.4 6.9 4.9 2.3 1.9 1.9 1 476

$40,000 to $49,999 47.4 ........................... 1.1 3.7 14.7 11.6 4.9 2.3 9.2 1 487

$50,000 to $59,999 44.3 ........................... .9 3.4 12.9 9.5 5.4 3.4 8.8 1 530

$60,000 to $79,999 73.1 ........................... .7 4.2 20.3 20.3 8.1 9.4 10.2 1 656

$80,000 to $99,999 61.7 ........................... .2 1.1 15.9 20.4 13.0 7.0 4.2 1 785

$100,000 to $119,999 41.2 ......................... – .9 6.8 12.5 11.2 8.3 1.5 1 985

$120,000 or more 97.4 ............................. – 2.1 9.2 21.6 25.4 33.6 5.5 2 257

Median 59 301 ...................................... 26 929 35 038 50 939 70 827 94 489 104 160 30 776 ...

Monthly Housing Costs

Less than $100 2.7 ............................... – .5 1.0 – – – 1.2 ...

$100 to $199 19.6 ................................. .2 3.2 5.3 2.0 .2 .6 8.0 1 220

$200 to $249 23.5 ................................. .2 1.0 7.1 5.5 2.8 2.4 4.6 1 607

$250 to $299 26.9 ................................. .3 1.6 6.7 8.5 1.9 .8 7.1 1 580

$300 to $349 21.4 ................................. 1.3 1.5 4.7 7.2 2.5 1.5 2.6 1 628

$350 to $399 17.8 ................................. .3 .8 2.9 5.3 3.0 1.9 3.5 1 790

$400 to $449 14.7 ................................. .2 .5 2.4 4.1 1.7 1.7 4.0 1 768

$450 to $499 14.5 ................................. – .9 2.0 3.8 2.1 2.4 3.3 1 854

$500 to $599 28.2 ................................. 1.3 1.5 6.9 4.2 2.6 3.3 8.4 1 514

$600 to $699 27.8 ................................. 1.1 4.5 5.3 3.4 2.6 4.8 6.1 1 492

$700 to $799 25.8 ................................. 1.1 3.4 7.6 4.1 2.4 1.8 5.4 1 375

$800 to $999 44.9 ................................. 1.8 4.6 12.7 6.9 5.7 3.7 9.4 1 445

$1,000 to $1,249 53.2 ............................. .2 5.4 19.8 10.4 4.5 2.6 10.1 1 400

$1,250 to $1,499 54.3 ............................. .2 3.1 18.1 14.7 7.7 4.3 6.2 1 591

$1,500 or more 172.2 ............................... – 1.5 24.7 46.7 40.2 48.1 11.0 2 096

No cash rent 5.7 ................................. .7 1.2 .7 .7 .4 .2 1.8 1 034

Median (excludes no cash rent) 1 028 ............... 621 729 984 1 201 1500+ 1500+ 645 ...

Median Monthly Housing Costs for

Owners

Monthly costs including all mortgages plus

maintenance costs 1 174 .......................... 587 672 1 047 1 207 1500+ 1500+ 556 ...

Monthly costs excluding second and

subsequent mortgages and maintenance

costs 1 097 ...................................... 587 562 967 1 129 1500+ 1500+ 532 ...

AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998 31

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 2~18. Square Footage by Household and Unit Size, Income, and CostsmOccupied Unitsm

Con.

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Size of occupied detached 1~family homes and 1~family mobile homes

Total

Less than 500

square feet

500 to 999

square feet

1000 to 1499

square feet

1500 to 1999

square feet

2000 to 2499

square feet

2500

square

feet or

more

Not

reported Median

OWNER OCCUPIED UNITS

Total 437.9 ................................ 2.5 18.7 96.9 110.2 75.4 74.3 60.0 1 822

Value

Less than $10,000 8.0 ............................ .3 1.2 .4 .8 1.7 1.1 2.4 2 014 $10,000 to $19,999 3.5 ........................... .3 1.2 .8 – – – 1.1 ... $20,000 to $29,999 4.6 ........................... .3 .9 .6 .7 – – 2.0 ... $30,000 to $39,999 2.0 ........................... – – .5 .4 – .2 .9 ... $40,000 to $49,999 1.0 ........................... .2 – .3 – .2 – .2 ... $50,000 to $59,999 4.3 ........................... .5 .2 1.2 .2 – .3 2.0 ... $60,000 to $69,999 2.6 ........................... .2 .6 1.2 – – – .7 ... $70,000 to $79,999 3.2 ........................... – .2 1.2 – .2 .4 1.1 ... $80,000 to $99,999 8.5 ........................... .2 1.0 2.9 .4 .7 .7 2.6 1 292 $100,000 to $119,999 12.6 ......................... .2 2.0 3.6 1.0 .2 1.1 4.4 1 255 $120,000 to $149,999 30.6 ......................... – 3.5 11.4 8.1 .6 .6 6.3 1 377 $150,000 to $199,999 82.2 ......................... .2 5.2 31.0 21.7 6.6 4.1 13.5 1 467 $200,000 to $249,999 76.3 ......................... – 1.5 24.2 26.9 10.5 3.9 9.3 1 644 $250,000 to $299,999 47.0 ......................... – .4 10.3 17.6 9.5 5.0 4.3 1 803 $300,000 or more 151.7 ............................. – .7 7.2 32.4 45.2 56.8 9.3 2 341 Median 236 692 ...................................... ... 136 412 189 178 240 502 300K+ 300K+ 173 564 ...

1Does not include multiunits, cooperatives or condominiums.

32 AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 2~19. Detailed Tenure by Financial CharacteristicsmOccupied Units

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Owner occupied Renter occupied

With mortgage With no mortgage All renters Unsubsidized renters1

Not specified Not specified

Total Specified

Condoor Coop Other Total SpecifiedCondoor Coop Other Specified Other Specified Other

Total 359.0 ................................ 306.2 37.0 15.9 149.6 121.3 13.4 14.9 344.5 2.6 290.0 2.1

Income of Families and Primary

Individuals

Less than $5,000 10.3 ............................. 7.5 1.9 .8 11.6 9.2 .7 1.7 30.8 – 24.0 –

$5,000 to $9,999 5.6 ............................. 5.2 – .4 9.8 7.7 .6 1.4 33.5 .2 21.0 .2

$10,000 to $14,999 5.1 ........................... 4.1 .6 .5 9.6 7.8 .7 1.2 29.1 – 23.1 –

$15,000 to $19,999 6.8 ........................... 4.6 1.3 1.0 9.8 6.9 .4 2.5 31.3 .2 26.3 .2

$20,000 to $24,999 7.3 ........................... 6.3 .2 .9 6.6 4.8 .7 1.1 29.4 .2 25.4 .2

$25,000 to $29,999 10.9 ........................... 8.1 1.8 1.0 11.2 7.7 1.1 2.4 25.7 – 21.7 –

$30,000 to $34,999 9.5 ........................... 7.3 1.7 .5 9.5 8.1 .6 .8 25.8 – 23.8 –

$35,000 to $39,999 12.8 ........................... 9.0 2.0 1.8 7.3 6.3 1.0 – 17.0 – 15.7 –

$40,000 to $49,999 31.7 ........................... 24.5 5.0 2.2 13.6 11.0 2.2 .5 29.3 .6 24.6 .6

$50,000 to $59,999 30.2 ........................... 24.1 4.6 1.5 12.1 9.6 1.4 1.0 29.2 .2 26.4 .2

$60,000 to $79,999 54.0 ........................... 46.6 5.7 1.7 17.5 14.6 1.9 1.0 34.5 .5 31.5 .2

$80,000 to $99,999 52.3 ........................... 46.3 4.8 1.2 10.0 9.0 .6 .4 12.0 .2 10.9 .2

$100,000 to $119,999 35.6 ......................... 32.5 2.6 .4 7.0 6.2 .6 .2 7.2 – 6.5 –

$120,000 or more 86.8 ............................. 80.1 4.7 2.0 13.9 12.5 .9 .6 9.7 .4 9.0 .2

Median 78 199 ...................................... 82 532 58 575 44 919 39 550 42 024 43 985 22 494 28 541 ... 30 725 ...

Monthly Housing Costs

Less than $100 1.1 ............................... .4 .5 .2 2.3 1.1 .6 .6 2.1 – 1.1 –

$100 to $199 3.4 ................................. 2.2 .2 1.0 16.2 14.4 .7 1.2 9.1 – .9 –

$200 to $249 2.4 ................................. 2.4 – – 22.7 20.6 1.1 1.0 4.5 – 1.3 –

$250 to $299 5.8 ................................. 5.8 – – 20.8 18.5 .9 1.4 6.8 .2 3.2 .2

$300 to $349 3.7 ................................. 3.1 .4 .2 21.1 15.9 2.0 3.2 5.4 – 2.7 –

$350 to $399 4.2 ................................. 3.2 .2 .8 13.6 11.8 .9 1.0 8.2 – 4.9 –

$400 to $449 5.6 ................................. 5.2 .4 – 8.9 6.8 .8 1.3 7.2 – 5.9 –

$450 to $499 4.4 ................................. 3.9 .4 – 9.5 8.2 .2 1.1 12.9 – 11.6 –

$500 to $599 10.2 ................................. 8.4 1.1 .7 13.3 8.5 2.5 2.2 38.1 .4 33.1 .4

$600 to $699 12.2 ................................. 9.7 1.5 .9 8.6 5.4 1.5 1.6 43.0 .4 38.3 .4

$700 to $799 10.8 ................................. 8.7 1.1 .9 5.5 4.0 1.3 .3 40.9 – 37.5 –

$800 to $999 29.0 ................................. 21.2 5.5 2.4 4.1 3.4 .6 – 73.5 .5 66.2 .5

$1,000 to $1,249 42.4 ............................. 30.9 9.7 1.8 .7 .7 – – 43.6 .7 40.5 .4

$1,250 to $1,499 46.6 ............................. 40.8 4.5 1.4 .7 .7 – – 22.7 .2 20.5 .2

$1,500 or more 177.3 ............................... 160.3 11.4 5.5 1.6 1.3 .2 – 17.4 .2 14.2 –

No cash rent ... ................................. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 9.2 – 8.2 –

Median (excludes no cash rent) 1 488 ............... 1500+ 1 183 1 113 330 319 434 354 774 ... 801 ...

Median Monthly Housing Costs for

Owners

Monthly costs including all mortgages plus

maintenance costs 1500+ .......................... 1500+ 1 209 1 183 369 359 484 393 ... ... ... ... Monthly costs excluding second and

subsequent mortgages and maintenance

costs 1 472 ...................................... 1500+ 1 183 1 113 330 319 434 354 ... ... ... ...

Monthly Housing Costs as Percent of

Current Income2

Less than 5 percent 10.0 ........................... 8.1 .9 1.0 21.6 18.7 1.1 1.8 2.0 .2 1.5 .2 5 to 9 percent 27.7 ................................ 24.3 2.2 1.2 47.5 42.0 3.4 2.0 10.3 – 8.2 – 10 to 14 percent 40.6 .............................. 35.0 4.7 .9 24.9 19.1 3.7 2.1 25.6 .7 22.9 .4 15 to 19 percent 60.3 .............................. 53.2 4.9 2.1 14.3 11.4 1.1 1.9 45.6 .4 41.0 .2 20 to 24 percent 52.9 .............................. 45.9 5.3 1.6 7.7 6.1 1.1 .5 41.9 .2 35.8 .2 25 to 29 percent 44.9 .............................. 38.3 4.9 1.7 6.1 4.3 .6 1.1 34.1 .2 27.3 .2 30 to 34 percent 28.7 .............................. 23.6 3.0 2.0 3.9 3.0 .2 .7 35.1 .2 25.8 .2 35 to 39 percent 21.3 .............................. 18.0 2.8 .5 2.5 1.5 .4 .6 22.0 – 17.4 – 40 to 49 percent 26.1 .............................. 22.3 2.4 1.4 2.6 1.7 .2 .6 31.4 .4 27.0 .4 50 to 59 percent 13.7 .............................. 11.1 1.8 .8 2.1 1.1 .2 .8 19.0 – 15.9 – 60 to 69 percent 5.4 .............................. 4.6 .4 .4 2.2 2.0 .2 – 10.9 – 9.5 – 70 to 99 percent 7.3 .............................. 5.6 1.2 .4 2.7 1.5 .2 1.0 18.0 .2 16.1 .2 100 percent or more3.......................... 14.8 12.4 1.3 1.1 7.6 6.0 .9 .7 28.3 – 23.9 – Zero or negative income 5.3 ....................... 3.6 1.1 .6 4.1 3.0 – 1.1 11.1 – 9.5 – No cash rent ... ................................. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 9.2 – 8.2 – Median (excludes 2 previous lines) 24 ........... 23 25 27 11 10 13 18 30 ... 30 ... Median (excludes 3 lines before medians) 23 ..... 23 24 26 10 9 12 17 28 ... 28 ...

OWNER OCCUPIED UNITS

Total 359.0 ................................ 306.2 37.0 15.9 149.6 121.3 13.4 14.9 ... ... ... ...

Value

Less than $10,000 6.7 ............................ 3.8 .7 2.2 3.2 1.9 .2 1.1 ... ... ... ...

$10,000 to $19,999 1.4 ........................... .5 – .9 2.1 .2 – 1.9 ... ... ... ...

$20,000 to $29,999 1.4 ........................... .2 – 1.2 3.2 1.3 – 1.8 ... ... ... ...

$30,000 to $39,999 1.1 ........................... 1.1 – – 1.1 .6 .2 .3 ... ... ... ...

$40,000 to $49,999 .4 ........................... .4 – – .5 .2 – .3 ... ... ... ...

$50,000 to $59,999 2.4 ........................... 1.5 .2 .6 2.1 1.5 – .6 ... ... ... ...

$60,000 to $69,999 1.6 ........................... .4 .7 .5 1.9 .7 .2 1.0 ... ... ... ...

$70,000 to $79,999 2.9 ........................... .9 1.1 .9 3.4 1.9 .5 1.0 ... ... ... ...

$80,000 to $99,999 9.0 ........................... 4.5 3.5 .9 6.9 2.6 3.1 1.2 ... ... ... ...

$100,000 to $119,999 11.4 ......................... 7.4 2.6 1.3 6.6 4.0 .8 1.8 ... ... ... ...

$120,000 to $149,999 29.4 ......................... 21.4 7.3 .6 11.3 9.5 1.1 .6 ... ... ... ...

$150,000 to $199,999 67.0 ......................... 55.7 9.5 1.8 32.3 28.0 3.0 1.3 ... ... ... ...

$200,000 to $249,999 60.8 ......................... 53.9 5.0 2.0 24.7 22.8 1.5 .4 ... ... ... ...

$250,000 to $299,999 41.0 ......................... 36.7 3.9 .4 13.7 12.0 1.3 .4 ... ... ... ...

$300,000 or more 122.4 ............................. 117.5 2.5 2.4 36.5 33.9 1.5 1.1 ... ... ... ...

Median 236 736 ...................................... 251 549 162 318 108 469 200 206 217 656 159 023 74 174 ... ... ... ...

AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998 33

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 2~19. Detailed Tenure by Financial CharacteristicsmOccupied UnitsmCon.

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Owner occupied Renter occupied

With mortgage With no mortgage All renters Unsubsidized renters1

Not specified Not specified

Total Specified

Condoor Coop Other Total SpecifiedCondoor Coop Other Specified Other Specified Other

OWNER OCCUPIED UNITSmCon.

Ratio of Value to Current Income

Less than 1.5 40.9 ................................ 29.2 5.5 6.2 14.3 8.1 1.3 4.9 ... ... ... ... 1.5 to 1.9 44.7 .................................... 36.2 6.7 1.8 10.8 7.3 1.9 1.5 ... ... ... ... 2.0 to 2.4 42.2 .................................... 35.9 4.7 1.6 12.4 10.1 1.8 .5 ... ... ... ... 2.5 to 2.9 46.0 .................................... 40.8 3.5 1.6 10.0 8.4 1.1 .6 ... ... ... ... 3.0 to 3.9 59.1 .................................... 51.5 6.5 1.1 16.8 14.6 1.5 .6 ... ... ... ... 4.0 to 4.9 38.2 .................................... 33.9 3.3 1.0 15.3 12.2 1.1 2.0 ... ... ... ... 5.0 or more 82.6 .................................. 75.0 5.6 2.0 65.9 57.6 4.7 3.6 ... ... ... ... Zero or negative income 5.3 ....................... 3.6 1.1 .6 4.1 3.0 – 1.1 ... ... ... ... Median 3.1 ...................................... 3.2 2.6 1.9 4.6 4.9 3.4 2.5 ... ... ... ...

Average Monthly Cost Paid for Real

Estate Taxes

Less than $25 20.3 ................................ 12.8 2.8 4.6 16.3 5.2 3.4 7.6 ... ... ... ...

$25 to $49 10.6 ................................... 8.2 1.1 1.2 13.9 12.0 .9 1.0 ... ... ... ...

$50 to $74 28.1 ................................... 24.7 2.7 .7 30.1 27.7 1.3 1.2 ... ... ... ...

$75 to $99 30.2 ................................... 25.2 4.7 .2 21.3 19.3 .9 1.2 ... ... ... ...

$100 to $149 74.8 ................................. 60.6 11.8 2.5 24.8 20.7 1.7 2.4 ... ... ... ...

$150 to $199 60.8 ................................. 51.6 7.2 1.9 14.1 11.6 1.9 .6 ... ... ... ...

$200 or more 134.3 ................................. 123.0 6.6 4.7 29.0 24.8 3.3 .9 ... ... ... ...

Median 163 ...................................... 171 130 124 92 95 106 25~ ... ... ... ...

OWNERS WITH ONE OR MORE

REGULAR MORTGAGES

Total 344.3 ................................ 292.3 36.3 15.7 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Monthly Payment for Principal and

Interest

One or more regular mortgages 344.3 ................ 292.3 36.3 15.7 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Less than $100 14.0 ............................. 10.5 .9 2.6 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... $100 to $199 9.7 ............................... 7.1 1.5 1.2 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... $200 to $249 5.2 ............................... 4.5 .7 – ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... $250 to $299 6.4 ............................... 5.1 .4 .9 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... $300 to $349 5.6 ............................... 4.5 .5 .7 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... $350 to $399 5.3 ............................... 4.5 .8 – ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... $400 to $449 6.6 ............................... 5.1 .9 .6 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... $450 to $499 5.7 ............................... 3.6 1.3 .8 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... $500 to $599 15.5 ............................... 12.0 2.8 .7 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

$600 to $699 15.4 ............................... 9.8 5.0 .5 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

$700 to $799 18.4 ............................... 15.0 2.8 .6 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

$800 to $999 40.7 ............................... 33.3 6.0 1.4 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

$1,000 to $1,249 56.1 ........................... 47.6 6.1 2.4 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

$1,250 to $1,499 52.2 ........................... 46.7 4.3 1.3 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

$1500 or more 87.4 ............................. 83.2 2.3 1.9 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Median 1 105 .................................... 1 164 817 674 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Type of Primary Mortgage

FHA 28.6 ......................................... 21.7 6.1 .9 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... VA 10.5 .......................................... 9.6 .9 – ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Farmers Home Administration 1.6 .................. 1.1 .2 .2 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Other types 263.4 .................................. 227.4 24.8 11.3 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Don’t know 1.1 ................................... 1.1 – – ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Not reported 39.1 ................................. 31.5 4.3 3.3 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Mortgage Origination

Placed new mortgage(s) 337.2 ....................... 287.4 34.2 15.7 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Primary obtained when property acquired 258.1 ...... 217.3 29.9 11.0 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Obtained later 79.1 .............................. 70.1 4.3 4.7 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Assumed 6.9 .................................... 4.7 2.2 – ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Wrap~around – ................................. – – – ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Combination of the above .2 ...................... .2 – – ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Payment Plan of Primary Mortgage

Fixed payment, self amortizing 229.0 ................. 198.1 20.5 10.4 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Adjustable rate mortgage 52.7 ...................... 43.0 8.7 .9 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Adjustable term mortgage 1.7 ...................... 1.5 .2 – ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Graduated payment mortgage 4.9 .................. 4.7 .2 – ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Balloon 3.5 ...................................... 2.2 1.3 – ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Other .2 ....................................... – – .2 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Combination of the above 4.1 ...................... 3.3 .4 .4 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Not reported 48.2 ................................. 39.5 5.0 3.7 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Payment Plan of Secondary Mortgage

Units with two or more mortgages 19.7 ....... 17.4 2.2 .2 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Fixed payment, self amortizing 17.1 ................. 14.7 2.2 .2 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Adjustable rate mortgage .6 ...................... .6 – – ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Adjustable term mortgage .2 ...................... .2 – – ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Graduated payment mortgage – .................. – – – ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Balloon – ...................................... – – – ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Other – ....................................... – – – ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Combination of the above .9 ...................... .9 – – ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Not reported .9 ................................. .9 – – ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

34 AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 2~19. Detailed Tenure by Financial CharacteristicsmOccupied UnitsmCon.

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Owner occupied Renter occupied

With mortgage With no mortgage All renters Unsubsidized renters1

Not specified Not specified

Total Specified

Condoor Coop Other Total SpecifiedCondoor Coop Other Specified Other Specified Other

OWNERS WITH ONE OR MORE

REGULAR MORTGAGESmCon.

Lenders of Primary and Secondary

Mortgages

Only borrowed from firm(s) 296.7 ..................... 254.0 31.6 11.2 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Only borrowed from seller 2.1 ...................... 1.5 – .6 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Only borrowed from other individual(s) 1.4 ........... .9 .2 .3 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Borrowed from a firm and seller .9 ................. .9 – – ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Borrowed from a firm and other individual 1.3 ........ .8 .2 .2 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Borrowed from seller and other individual – ........ – – – ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

One or both sources not reported 41.9 ............... 34.3 4.3 3.3 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

1Excludes units in public housing projects, and housing units with government rent subsidies.

2Beginning with 1989 this item uses current income in its calculation, see Appendix A.

3May reflect a temporary situation, living off savings or response error.

AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998 35

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 2~20. Income of Families and Primary Individuals by Selected CharacteristicsmOccupied

Units

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Total

Zero to

neg~

ative

$1 to

$4,999

$5,000

to

$9,999

$10,000

to

$14,999

$15,000

to

$19,999

$20,000

to

$29,999

$30,000

to

$39,999

$40,000

to

$59,999

$60,000

to

$79,999

$80,000

to

$99,999

$100,000

to

$119,999

$120,000

or

more Median

Total 855.7 ................................ 23.8 28.9 49.0 43.9 48.1 91.4 81.9 147.0 106.5 74.5 49.8 110.8 48 278

Units in Structure

1, detached 536.7 .................................. 14.5 15.1 22.6 16.7 21.2 44.3 41.1 88.9 72.8 61.4 41.2 97.1 61 128

1, attached 86.2 ................................... 3.3 2.0 4.3 4.5 4.5 8.2 9.3 17.6 12.8 6.8 4.8 8.2 48 024

2 to 4 81.0 ....................................... 2.4 3.5 9.0 6.2 7.1 13.7 10.5 15.1 7.2 2.5 1.3 2.6 29 050

5 to 9 47.5 ....................................... .9 1.8 4.1 6.0 5.5 6.8 6.9 7.5 4.8 1.5 .8 .9 27 951

10 to 19 31.6 ..................................... 1.1 2.2 2.7 3.9 1.8 4.8 4.0 6.2 3.5 .4 .7 .4 28 813

20 to 49 28.7 ..................................... .4 2.0 2.4 3.5 3.3 5.5 3.8 2.7 2.7 .7 .7 .9 24 852

50 or more 27.7 ................................... 1.3 2.1 2.6 2.2 2.2 3.8 3.1 6.2 2.3 1.0 .4 .4 28 814

Mobile home or trailer 16.3 ......................... – .3 1.3 1.0 2.6 4.3 3.1 2.8 .3 .3 – .3 27 112

Year Structure Built1

2000 to 2004 – ................................. – – – – – – – – – – – – ... 1995 to 1999 27.6 ................................. .2 .4 .4 .4 .2 .2 1.6 3.3 3.6 4.9 3.8 8.6 94 153 1990 to 1994 43.1 ................................. 1.1 2.1 .8 1.1 1.8 3.1 1.8 5.4 6.9 6.7 5.3 7.1 72 993 1985 to 1989 70.3 ................................. 3.0 .9 1.1 1.6 2.2 4.6 4.6 13.1 10.2 6.0 6.5 16.6 68 099 1980 to 1984 41.9 ................................. .2 1.1 1.7 1.4 1.7 3.2 4.9 7.6 5.0 5.1 3.0 6.9 57 653 1975 to 1979 71.6 ................................. 1.9 2.1 3.3 3.5 3.9 6.3 6.2 11.3 8.9 7.1 4.7 12.4 55 138 1970 to 1974 79.8 ................................. 2.8 1.3 3.2 5.0 2.8 6.4 9.2 19.1 8.6 6.8 3.7 10.9 49 638 1960 to 1969 160.6 ................................. 3.5 6.4 8.2 7.2 10.3 22.1 17.0 27.9 18.7 12.6 8.8 18.0 44 075 1950 to 1959 142.2 ................................. 3.5 3.2 10.6 9.4 7.9 16.7 14.1 26.3 18.6 11.0 6.2 14.6 44 289 1940 to 1949 81.5 ................................. 2.6 4.6 7.0 5.5 5.6 11.3 8.0 14.5 9.3 5.7 3.2 4.1 35 165 1930 to 1939 53.3 ................................. 2.2 2.5 4.8 2.4 6.5 6.9 6.3 7.3 6.1 2.5 2.4 3.5 32 220 1920 to 1929 43.4 ................................. 1.3 2.8 4.5 2.9 2.4 4.3 4.8 5.7 6.1 2.1 1.9 4.6 37 261 1919 or earlier 40.3 ................................ 1.5 1.6 3.4 3.5 2.8 6.2 3.5 5.5 4.6 4.0 .2 3.6 33 479 Median 1964 ...................................... 1962 1960 1955 1958 1958 1960 1963 1965 1965 1969 1973 1973 ...

Rooms

1 room 5.9 ...................................... .2 1.3 .9 .8 .7 .9 .4 .4 .2 – – – 13 218

2 rooms 11.2 ..................................... .9 1.5 2.7 1.2 1.4 1.2 .9 .4 .7 – – .4 12 354

3 rooms 107.7 ..................................... 3.3 6.0 13.3 9.4 11.7 18.8 16.3 18.1 7.6 1.5 .6 1.0 25 401

4 rooms 166.9 ..................................... 6.0 5.3 11.1 13.4 13.8 24.3 18.9 36.0 20.0 7.9 4.0 6.2 35 067

5 rooms 171.9 ..................................... 5.2 5.6 9.4 9.6 10.2 20.0 20.1 36.4 24.9 15.0 7.3 8.2 43 206

6 rooms 146.3 ..................................... 3.0 5.0 6.8 5.0 7.0 14.1 13.8 26.0 21.1 14.0 11.7 18.7 54 152

7 rooms 119.8 ..................................... 3.6 2.3 2.2 1.7 2.6 6.0 7.3 17.7 17.2 20.1 13.7 25.6 79 330

8 rooms 78.6 ..................................... .7 1.3 .9 1.5 .6 3.4 3.6 7.2 10.1 11.5 8.4 29.5 97 511

9 rooms 30.5 ..................................... .5 .4 .9 .4 – 1.5 .6 2.5 3.4 3.5 2.4 14.4 112 852

10 rooms or more 16.9 ............................. .4 .2 .9 .9 .2 1.1 – 2.2 1.3 1.1 1.7 6.8 100 577

Median 5.3 ...................................... 4.8 4.6 4.2 4.3 4.2 4.5 4.7 5.0 5.5 6.4 6.6 7.3 ...

Bedrooms

None 7.4 ........................................ .2 1.6 1.2 1.2 .7 .9 .4 .7 .2 – – .2 12 730

1 130.7 ........................................... 4.4 7.1 16.0 10.9 14.7 21.2 19.1 22.3 10.0 2.2 1.3 1.6 25 798

2 239.1 ........................................... 8.8 8.1 15.9 17.8 17.0 34.0 27.4 48.9 28.3 14.5 7.9 10.4 36 524 3 301.2 ........................................... 7.6 9.7 11.3 10.9 13.1 26.5 28.0 53.9 46.5 31.9 20.4 41.2 56 097 4 or more 177.4 .................................... 2.8 2.5 4.7 3.0 2.6 8.8 6.9 21.2 21.5 25.9 20.3 57.3 91 449 Median 2.7 ...................................... 2.3 2.2 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.2 2.3 2.5 2.8 3.1 3.3 3.5+ ...

Complete Bathrooms

None 12.5 ........................................ 1.1 2.4 2.4 .8 .6 2.9 .4 .4 1.3 – – .2 12 663

1 329.1 ........................................... 11.7 13.0 33.0 25.7 31.1 55.3 41.7 60.1 34.3 10.7 4.7 7.7 29 036

1 and one~half 91.1 ................................ 3.2 2.6 4.6 6.0 4.9 9.9 10.0 18.6 10.1 8.9 5.7 6.6 44 691

2 or more 422.9 .................................... 7.8 10.9 9.1 11.3 11.4 23.3 29.7 67.8 60.8 54.9 39.4 96.3 73 157

Main Heating Equipment

Warm~air furnace 631.7 ............................. 15.1 20.6 29.1 26.1 30.8 56.6 55.0 106.3 82.7 63.9 42.5 103.0 55 533

Steam or hot water system 22.6 ..................... 1.1 1.1 2.1 1.7 1.1 3.8 2.3 4.2 2.0 1.3 .2 1.7 31 642

Electric heat pump 9.8 ............................ .7 – .7 .4 .7 .4 .7 2.4 1.9 .9 .4 .7 51 656

Built~in electric units 37.6 ........................... 2.6 1.9 4.4 3.2 2.6 4.2 4.8 7.2 2.4 1.7 1.5 1.1 29 669

Floor, wall, or other built~in hot air units without

ducts 124.1 ....................................... 3.1 4.4 10.0 10.7 9.9 21.5 16.2 21.8 12.8 5.4 5.0 3.3 31 530

Room heaters with flue 11.4 ........................ .4 .2 .4 .7 1.5 2.0 .6 2.7 2.1 .7 – – 36 542

Room heaters without flue 1.6 ..................... – .2 .2 – .5 – .2 .4 – – – – ...

Portable electric heaters 5.5 ....................... .2 .2 .9 – .5 1.3 1.1 .6 .4 .2 – – 27 054

Stoves 1.8 ...................................... .2 – – – .2 – – .4 .6 – – .2 ...

Fireplaces with inserts .6 ......................... – – – – – .2 – – .4 – – – ...

Fireplaces without inserts .6 ...................... – – – – – – – – .2 .2 – .2 ...

Other 3.9 ....................................... .2 – .2 .6 .2 .6 .4 .4 .6 .2 – .4 ...

Cooking stove .6 ................................ .2 – .2 – – – – – – – .2 – ...

None 3.7 ........................................ – .2 .9 .4 – .7 .7 .4 .2 – – .2 ...

Primary Source of Water

Public system or private company 848.7 ............... 23.4 28.5 48.6 43.6 46.9 90.9 81.1 146.3 105.4 73.7 49.8 110.3 48 370 Well serving 1 to 5 units 5.3 ....................... .2 .2 .4 .2 1.0 .5 .5 .2 .9 .6 – .4 ...

Drilled 4.7 ..................................... .2 .2 .4 .2 .7 .2 .5 .2 .9 .6 – .4 ...

Dug – ....................................... – – – – – – – – – – – – ...

Not reported .6 ............................... – – – – .3 .2 – – – – – – ...

Other 1.8 ....................................... .2 .2 – – .2 – .2 .4 .2 .2 – – ...

Means of Sewage Disposal

Public sewer 843.0 ................................. 22.9 28.5 48.2 43.6 46.8 90.1 79.8 146.3 104.8 72.6 49.8 109.3 48 388

Septic tank, cesspool, chemical toilet 12.0 ............ .9 .2 .6 .2 1.3 .9 2.0 .6 1.7 1.9 – 1.5 39 123

Other .7 ....................................... – .2 .2 – – .3 – – – – – – ...

Main House Heating Fuel

Housing units with heating fuel 851.7 ......... 23.8 28.7 48.2 43.5 48.1 90.6 81.2 146.5 106.1 74.5 49.8 110.6 48 424

Electricity 175.3 .................................... 7.2 7.3 13.1 9.0 12.2 21.2 16.7 34.0 19.6 11.0 8.3 15.8 40 598

Piped gas 658.1 .................................... 15.1 20.5 34.2 33.4 34.5 66.7 63.3 110.1 83.0 62.3 41.6 93.5 51 155

Bottled gas 6.3 ................................... .4 .3 .4 .2 .5 2.3 .3 – .7 .4 – .6 25 320

Fuel oil 1.8 ...................................... .2 – .2 .2 .2 – – .4 .4 – – – ...

Kerosene or other liquid fuel 1.1 .................... – .2 – – .2 – .5 .2 – – – – ...

Coal or coke .2 ................................. – – – – – – – .2 – – – – ...

Wood 3.7 ....................................... .7 – – .2 .2 – – .6 .8 .6 – .5 ...

Solar energy .6 ................................. .2 – – – – – – .2 .2 – – – ...

Other 4.6 ....................................... – .4 .2 .4 .2 .5 .4 .7 1.3 .2 – .2 ...

36 AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 2~20. Income of Families and Primary Individuals by Selected CharacteristicsmOccupied

UnitsmCon.

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Total

Zero to

neg~

ative

$1 to

$4,999

$5,000

to

$9,999

$10,000

to

$14,999

$15,000

to

$19,999

$20,000

to

$29,999

$30,000

to

$39,999

$40,000

to

$59,999

$60,000

to

$79,999

$80,000

to

$99,999

$100,000

to

$119,999

$120,000

or

more Median

Cooking Fuel

With cooking fuel 846.5 ..................... 23.6 27.4 47.5 43.3 46.9 89.7 81.0 145.6 106.5 74.3 49.8 110.8 48 775 Electricity 480.0 .................................... 13.6 17.6 22.3 21.8 24.8 44.1 44.1 89.9 63.5 43.3 31.7 63.3 51 498 Piped gas 360.3 .................................... 10.0 9.5 25.0 21.2 21.8 43.8 36.3 55.8 42.6 30.2 18.1 46.2 44 547 Bottled gas 4.8 ................................... – .3 .2 .2 .3 1.8 .6 – .4 .4 – .4 ... Kerosene or other liquid fuel .2 .................... – – – – – – – – – .2 – – ... Coal or coke – ................................. – – – – – – – – – – – – ... Wood – ....................................... – – – – – – – – – – – – ... Other 1.1 ....................................... – – – – – – – – – .2 – .9 ...

Persons

1 person 225.2 ..................................... 9.5 12.3 23.0 18.0 18.6 34.0 32.4 40.5 20.5 6.4 4.3 5.6 29 162

2 persons 269.5 .................................... 9.3 10.1 15.1 13.6 15.0 24.9 23.3 48.3 37.4 24.4 15.6 32.5 49 701

3 persons 143.1 .................................... 1.9 3.7 4.1 5.5 7.3 12.8 12.8 26.1 18.0 13.5 12.3 25.2 58 096

4 persons 123.4 .................................... 1.3 1.3 2.9 3.0 3.5 10.9 6.3 19.8 17.4 17.2 11.8 27.8 74 453

5 persons 58.6 .................................... 1.1 .7 2.4 2.3 1.7 5.2 4.0 8.1 8.5 8.0 4.7 11.9 68 879

6 persons 21.2 .................................... .2 .5 1.1 1.3 1.7 1.7 1.7 2.2 2.1 2.6 .2 5.8 62 010

7 persons or more 14.8 ............................ .4 .4 .4 .2 .4 1.8 1.3 2.0 2.6 2.4 .9 1.9 63 206

Median 2.3 ...................................... 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.8 1.9 2.0 1.9 2.2 2.4 3.0 2.9 3.2 ...

Household Composition by Age of

Householder

2~or~more person households 630.5 .................. 14.3 16.6 26.1 25.9 29.6 57.4 49.5 106.4 86.1 68.1 45.6 105.1 58 052 Married~couple families, no nonrelatives 419.9 ....... 7.5 7.9 7.9 9.9 13.8 30.7 25.8 64.9 61.4 56.1 37.3 96.8 73 572 Under 25 years 10.9 ........................... 1.1 .2 .2 .5 .2 1.1 .9 3.2 1.7 .9 – .9 47 968 25 to 29 years 25.2 ............................ .6 – .2 .8 1.5 2.6 1.0 6.1 6.9 2.8 1.1 1.5 58 950 30 to 34 years 48.7 ............................ .6 1.3 .2 1.3 1.5 4.0 3.7 8.1 8.4 5.2 4.3 9.9 68 256 35 to 44 years 121.0 ............................ 1.3 1.1 1.3 1.8 3.3 7.3 5.9 15.9 19.0 19.5 14.8 29.9 83 765 45 to 64 years 152.7 ............................ 1.1 .9 2.1 2.0 3.5 7.2 6.4 22.1 19.7 24.4 14.8 48.5 89 318 65 years and over 61.4 ........................ 2.8 4.4 3.8 3.5 3.8 8.4 7.8 9.5 5.8 3.2 2.3 6.1 35 117 Other male householder 86.6 ..................... 1.8 2.2 4.4 6.2 5.3 8.3 8.7 20.4 12.0 7.2 4.0 6.0 46 184 Under 45 years 55.7 ........................... 1.5 1.3 2.6 4.3 4.5 6.6 6.0 11.9 6.8 5.0 1.9 3.2 41 692 45 to 64 years 23.7 ............................ .2 .5 1.1 .9 .4 1.1 2.3 6.3 4.3 2.1 2.1 2.4 57 163 65 years and over 7.2 ........................ – .5 .7 1.1 .4 .6 .4 2.2 .9 – – .4 37 024 Other female householder 124.0 ................... 5.0 6.5 13.7 9.7 10.5 18.4 15.0 21.1 12.7 4.9 4.2 2.3 29 013 Under 45 years 71.9 ........................... 2.9 4.1 8.5 5.4 6.0 12.9 10.0 12.7 4.7 2.2 1.1 1.5 27 095 45 to 64 years 38.0 ............................ .8 1.5 3.4 2.4 2.7 4.0 3.5 7.1 6.8 2.1 2.8 .8 42 047 65 years and over 14.1 ........................ 1.3 .9 1.8 2.0 1.8 1.5 1.6 1.3 1.1 .6 .2 – 18 009 1~person households 225.2 .......................... 9.5 12.3 23.0 18.0 18.6 34.0 32.4 40.5 20.5 6.4 4.3 5.6 29 162 Male householder 104.0 ........................... 4.5 5.5 8.4 7.5 6.6 14.2 15.0 20.6 10.7 4.1 2.6 4.3 33 531 Under 45 years 48.2 ........................... 2.6 2.3 3.0 3.0 3.1 6.8 6.6 9.6 5.6 2.4 1.5 1.7 34 976 45 to 64 years 34.2 ............................ .7 2.0 2.2 1.7 2.0 3.0 5.3 8.2 4.4 1.5 1.1 1.9 40 274 65 years and over 21.6 ........................ 1.3 1.1 3.2 2.8 1.5 4.4 3.1 2.8 .6 .2 – .7 22 366

Female householder 121.2 ........................ 5.0 6.8 14.6 10.5 11.9 19.8 17.4 19.9 9.8 2.3 1.7 1.4 25 886

Under 45 years 40.9 ........................... 1.5 1.9 3.4 2.2 3.1 7.5 7.8 8.0 4.0 .8 .4 .2 31 101

45 to 64 years 33.6 ............................ 1.1 1.5 3.7 .8 2.3 4.8 5.9 7.3 3.4 1.2 .8 .6 34 378

65 years and over 46.7 ........................ 2.4 3.4 7.6 7.6 6.6 7.5 3.7 4.6 2.4 .2 .4 .5 16 873

Own Never Married Children Under 18

Years Old

No own children under 18 years 573.2 ................ 20.2 23.7 40.7 34.6 35.4 63.9 59.7 101.8 69.3 41.4 27.9 54.6 41 648 With own children under 18 years 282.5 ............... 3.6 5.2 8.3 9.3 12.8 27.4 22.2 45.2 37.3 33.1 21.9 56.1 63 890 Under 6 years only 62.3 .......................... .8 1.3 1.3 2.1 2.9 6.9 4.5 11.6 8.5 6.3 6.1 10.0 59 597 1 37.6 ....................................... .6 1.1 .7 .4 1.8 3.6 3.4 8.0 4.5 3.7 3.8 6.1 58 005 2 22.7 ....................................... – .2 .6 1.4 1.1 2.9 1.1 3.5 3.4 2.6 2.4 3.4 62 759 3 or more 2.0 ................................ .2 – – .2 – .4 – – .6 – – .4 ... 6 to 17 years only 163.2 ........................... 1.7 3.2 4.5 5.3 6.9 13.9 13.8 25.7 20.7 19.2 12.0 36.5 66 477 1 77.6 ....................................... 1.3 1.9 2.8 3.3 4.1 6.5 6.9 12.7 9.8 8.0 5.1 15.4 59 103 2 61.6 ....................................... .2 1.1 .2 1.3 1.5 5.1 5.4 9.7 8.5 7.9 5.4 15.5 75 186 3 or more 24.0 ................................ .2 .2 1.5 .7 1.3 2.4 1.5 3.3 2.5 3.2 1.5 5.6 66 838 Both age groups 57.0 ............................ 1.1 .7 2.5 1.9 3.0 6.7 3.9 7.9 8.0 7.6 3.9 9.7 61 929 2 28.9 ....................................... .7 .2 .9 .6 1.1 2.5 1.3 4.7 4.6 4.8 2.5 5.0 70 668 3 or more 28.1 ................................ .4 .5 1.6 1.3 1.9 4.2 2.6 3.3 3.4 2.9 1.3 4.8 49 757

Monthly Housing Costs

Less than $100 5.5 ............................... .4 .3 2.0 .2 .2 .7 .8 .9 – – – – 11 933

$100 to $199 28.8 ................................. .2 2.5 8.2 2.1 2.6 3.4 3.1 3.0 2.2 1.0 .2 .2 17 503

$200 to $249 29.6 ................................. .4 2.4 4.6 2.5 1.7 4.9 2.9 5.4 3.1 .4 .2 1.1 26 585

$250 to $299 33.6 ................................. 1.9 1.7 4.1 2.4 2.8 3.0 4.0 4.7 4.5 2.0 1.1 1.5 32 326

$300 to $349 30.2 ................................. 1.3 2.0 1.3 2.6 1.7 4.7 2.3 5.0 3.4 1.9 .8 3.1 36 154

$350 to $399 26.0 ................................. – 1.6 2.1 2.7 2.9 4.0 2.4 4.2 1.9 2.1 .9 1.3 29 234

$400 to $449 21.8 ................................. .6 1.5 1.7 2.5 .9 2.6 2.1 3.2 1.8 2.6 .6 1.5 34 485

$450 to $499 26.7 ................................. 1.4 1.3 1.6 3.0 2.0 3.3 3.3 3.9 1.9 1.5 2.1 1.3 32 249

$500 to $599 61.9 ................................. 2.0 1.3 6.6 6.0 8.4 11.6 7.4 6.5 5.0 2.8 .8 3.5 25 710

$600 to $699 64.2 ................................. 2.2 1.8 3.5 5.5 6.7 13.2 8.9 9.7 5.5 1.9 1.3 3.9 29 356

$700 to $799 57.2 ................................. 1.2 2.2 3.4 3.9 5.7 10.2 9.0 11.2 5.1 1.5 2.2 1.5 32 179

$800 to $999 107.1 ................................. 4.0 2.8 3.1 4.9 5.4 15.2 15.5 28.8 13.6 5.6 2.8 5.4 41 878

$1,000 to $1,249 87.3 ............................. 3.0 1.7 3.0 1.8 4.2 8.2 7.4 20.8 16.6 8.7 4.6 7.3 53 756

$1,250 to $1,499 70.2 ............................. 1.1 1.7 .6 .9 1.8 3.5 6.3 15.6 13.2 9.9 5.2 10.4 65 486

$1,500 or more 196.4 ............................... 2.4 3.2 2.4 1.5 .4 2.2 5.1 23.0 28.2 32.2 27.0 68.9 98 532

No cash rent 9.2 ................................. 1.5 .9 .7 1.4 .7 .7 1.5 1.1 .4 .2 – – 14 988

Median (excludes no cash rent) 871 ............... 746 557 454 553 607 654 735 906 1 075 1 375 1500+ 1500+ ...

Median Monthly Housing Costs for

Owners

Monthly costs including all mortgages plus

maintenance costs 1 144 .......................... 655 495 404 376 430 513 689 1 048 1 238 1500+ 1500+ 1500+ ...

Monthly costs excluding second and

subsequent mortgages and maintenance

costs 1 075 ...................................... 655 446 348 350 369 446 595 936 1 165 1 424 1500+ 1500+ ...

AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998 37

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 2~20. Income of Families and Primary Individuals by Selected CharacteristicsmOccupied

UnitsmCon.

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Total

Zero to

neg~

ative

$1 to

$4,999

$5,000

to

$9,999

$10,000

to

$14,999

$15,000

to

$19,999

$20,000

to

$29,999

$30,000

to

$39,999

$40,000

to

$59,999

$60,000

to

$79,999

$80,000

to

$99,999

$100,000

to

$119,999

$120,000

or

more Median

Monthly Housing Costs as Percent of

Current Income2

Less than 5 percent 33.8 ........................... – – .4 – .2 .7 .8 3.2 5.9 3.9 2.8 15.9 112 793

5 to 9 percent 85.5 ................................ – – .2 .2 1.2 4.0 7.5 18.1 14.6 12.7 7.5 19.6 75 904

10 to 14 percent 91.8 .............................. .2 – 1.0 .2 2.0 7.7 7.6 17.5 13.8 7.4 8.5 25.9 74 127

15 to 19 percent 120.6 .............................. .2 .3 1.5 2.9 2.8 9.2 8.7 20.9 21.4 16.5 11.0 25.2 72 944

20 to 24 percent 102.7 .............................. .2 .5 2.4 1.8 2.6 7.9 10.6 23.4 16.8 14.9 10.4 11.2 62 263

25 to 29 percent 85.3 .............................. .2 – 2.3 2.6 3.1 10.8 12.3 18.6 14.3 9.9 4.9 6.2 52 173

30 to 34 percent 67.9 .............................. – .5 5.5 2.8 3.6 13.9 11.0 14.5 6.5 4.0 3.2 2.2 36 806

35 to 39 percent 45.8 .............................. – .2 2.8 3.0 4.7 9.9 6.9 10.4 4.3 2.0 .4 1.3 33 434

40 to 49 percent 60.5 .............................. .2 .2 3.3 6.5 10.0 12.3 7.3 12.2 4.5 1.5 .9 1.5 28 074

50 to 59 percent 34.9 .............................. – .2 3.4 6.1 5.9 7.8 4.2 3.3 2.0 1.1 – .9 22 386

60 to 69 percent 18.5 .............................. – .7 3.3 4.4 4.0 3.1 1.1 .9 .7 – – .4 16 110

70 to 99 percent 28.2 .............................. – 1.2 7.2 7.4 5.3 2.3 2.4 1.5 .7 – – .2 13 878

100 percent or more3.......................... 50.7 .7 24.1 15.2 4.5 1.9 1.1 – 1.5 .6 .4 .2 .4 5 170

Zero or negative income 20.5 ....................... 20.5 ––––––––– – – 5000~

No cash rent 9.2 ................................. 1.5 .9 .7 1.4 .7 .7 1.5 1.1 .4 .2 – – 14 988

Median (excludes 2 previous lines) 24 ........... 41 100+ 64 52 43 32 27 23 19 19 18 14 ...

Median (excludes 3 lines before medians) 23 ..... 23 60 41 48 43 32 27 23 19 19 18 14 ...

OWNER OCCUPIED UNITS

Total 508.6 ................................ 9.8 12.1 15.4 14.8 16.6 36.1 39.1 87.6 71.6 62.3 42.6 100.7 66 381

Value

Less than $10,000 9.9 ............................ .9 .4 .5 – 1.1 2.3 .6 1.6 .2 .2 .6 1.5 29 212

$10,000 to $19,999 3.5 ........................... – .2 .3 – – 1.5 .3 .6 .5 – – – ...

$20,000 to $29,999 4.6 ........................... .2 – .2 – 1.1 1.4 .6 .3 .2 – – .5 ...

$30,000 to $39,999 2.2 ........................... – – – .6 – .4 .3 .2 .2 .2 – .2 ...

$40,000 to $49,999 1.0 ........................... – .2 .3 – .2 – – – – .2 – – ...

$50,000 to $59,999 4.5 ........................... .2 – .7 .7 .6 .4 .7 1.1 .2 – – – ...

$60,000 to $69,999 3.5 ........................... – – .4 1.1 – .8 .2 .4 .4 – – – ...

$70,000 to $79,999 6.3 ........................... .2 .6 .9 .2 – .7 .9 1.4 .9 .2 .2 – 34 938

$80,000 to $99,999 16.0 ........................... .2 .5 .2 .9 1.2 2.1 2.0 5.3 1.9 1.1 .2 .5 43 575

$100,000 to $119,999 18.0 ......................... .2 – .5 .9 1.6 3.4 3.6 4.2 2.2 1.1 .2 .2 36 752

$120,000 to $149,999 40.6 ......................... .6 .4 1.1 2.4 .6 3.0 5.2 9.1 8.8 5.1 1.7 2.6 55 395

$150,000 to $199,999 99.3 ......................... 2.3 3.7 3.4 4.1 5.9 7.3 9.8 24.3 14.1 11.0 7.3 6.1 50 847

$200,000 to $249,999 85.6 ......................... 2.1 2.4 2.2 1.5 1.7 3.9 4.9 18.6 16.7 10.3 9.9 11.5 66 663

$250,000 to $299,999 54.6 ......................... 1.3 1.1 .9 .4 1.7 3.2 3.4 8.3 8.2 10.5 5.4 10.4 77 282

$300,000 or more 158.9 ............................. 1.4 2.6 3.8 1.9 .9 5.8 6.7 12.2 16.8 22.4 17.1 67.2 105 659 Median 226 173 ...................................... 198 928 199 562 187 475 157 156 165 752 164 562 176 012 190 550 217 992 258 063 260 992 300K+ ...

Ratio of Value to Current Income

Less than 1.5 55.2 ................................ – .4 .5 – 1.7 5.3 2.1 4.4 4.9 4.7 4.5 26.7 115 849

1.5 to 1.9 55.5 .................................... – – .3 – .5 – .9 6.6 7.8 10.3 8.6 20.5 103 009

2.0 to 2.4 54.6 .................................... – – – .4 .2 1.7 1.9 5.2 9.1 8.6 9.1 18.3 100 239

2.5 to 2.9 56.0 .................................... – – – – .6 .4 2.5 9.0 13.7 9.4 6.2 14.2 83 825

3.0 to 3.9 75.9 .................................... – – – .2 – 1.5 5.7 20.1 16.2 14.5 7.2 10.5 72 859

4.0 to 4.9 53.5 .................................... .2 – .3 1.0 .4 4.9 6.5 17.8 6.6 8.6 3.3 3.9 55 099

5.0 or more 148.5 .................................. .2 11.7 14.2 13.1 13.2 22.1 19.7 24.5 13.2 6.1 3.8 6.7 29 845

Zero or negative income 9.4 ....................... 9.4 – – – – – – – – – – – 5000~

Median 3.4 ...................................... 5.0+ 5.0+ 5.0+ 5.0+ 5.0+ 5.0+ 5.0+ 3.9 3.0 2.9 2.4 2.1 ...

Monthly Payment for Principal and

Interest

One or more regular mortgages 344.3 ................ 5.6 4.5 5.4 4.7 6.1 17.2 21.5 59.5 51.2 49.9 34.1 84.7 78 626 Less than $100 14.0 ............................. .6 .2 .9 .4 .8 2.3 .9 2.9 1.3 1.8 .2 1.7 46 482 $100 to $199 9.7 ............................... .2 .2 .2 .9 .2 .9 1.1 2.8 1.1 1.1 .2 .8 48 023 $200 to $249 5.2 ............................... – – .6 – – .9 .4 .6 1.1 .5 .6 .4 ... $250 to $299 6.4 ............................... – – – – 1.0 1.2 .7 .9 1.5 .2 .4 .6 48 486 $300 to $349 5.6 ............................... .2 – – .8 – .8 1.1 1.1 1.3 – .2 – 38 286 $350 to $399 5.3 ............................... – – – .2 .4 .6 .6 .9 .4 1.3 – .8 ... $400 to $449 6.6 ............................... .2 – – – – 1.1 .9 1.8 .9 .4 .2 1.1 52 109 $450 to $499 5.7 ............................... .2 – – .2 – .5 1.7 1.5 .6 .4 – .6 44 066

$500 to $599 15.5 ............................... .4 .2 .2 .2 1.3 1.7 .8 4.0 2.6 1.6 1.3 1.1 54 219

$600 to $699 15.4 ............................... – .5 – – .6 2.2 2.4 3.4 3.0 1.5 .4 1.3 51 210

$700 to $799 18.4 ............................... .7 .2 .4 .7 .7 .9 1.9 4.8 2.3 3.0 .7 2.2 55 940

$800 to $999 40.7 ............................... .6 1.3 1.1 .2 .6 1.9 3.0 10.5 8.5 5.2 2.8 4.9 62 486

$1,000 to $1,249 56.1 ........................... .4 .4 .4 .2 .5 1.3 3.2 11.8 9.3 10.1 6.2 12.3 81 050

$1,250 to $1,499 52.2 ........................... .8 .9 .4 .2 – .5 1.9 7.8 9.7 9.6 7.6 12.8 88 163

$1500 or more 87.4 ............................. 1.1 .6 1.1 .6 – .4 .9 4.7 7.7 13.3 13.1 43.9 120K+

Median 1 105 .................................... 875 ... ... ... 547 521 704 896 1 029 1 198 1 369 1500+ ...

Average Monthly Cost Paid for Real

Estate Taxes

Less than $25 36.6 ................................ 1.1 1.3 2.2 1.4 3.1 5.2 4.3 6.4 3.4 3.5 1.7 3.2 39 594

$25 to $49 24.5 ................................... .4 .4 2.0 1.3 2.1 3.9 2.9 3.8 3.2 1.9 .4 1.9 36 976

$50 to $74 58.2 ................................... 1.1 3.1 3.0 3.7 3.9 7.8 6.0 12.0 7.5 5.3 1.5 3.4 40 833

$75 to $99 51.5 ................................... 1.0 1.1 1.8 2.6 2.8 6.2 5.1 9.5 7.0 3.2 3.9 7.2 50 843

$100 to $149 99.7 ................................. 2.8 3.0 2.1 2.3 2.4 6.1 9.7 22.5 16.2 14.5 5.6 12.6 59 114

$150 to $199 74.8 ................................. 1.3 1.1 1.5 1.5 .9 2.8 4.2 16.2 12.5 9.6 9.6 13.6 72 694

$200 or more 163.3 ................................. 2.1 2.1 2.8 1.9 1.5 4.2 6.8 17.2 21.7 24.3 19.8 58.7 97 467

Median 142 ...................................... 123 103 81 84 70 80 106 127 145 165 192 200+ ...

38 AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 2~20. Income of Families and Primary Individuals by Selected CharacteristicsmOccupied

UnitsmCon.

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Total

Zero to

neg~

ative

$1 to

$4,999

$5,000

to

$9,999

$10,000

to

$14,999

$15,000

to

$19,999

$20,000

to

$29,999

$30,000

to

$39,999

$40,000

to

$59,999

$60,000

to

$79,999

$80,000

to

$99,999

$100,000

to

$119,999

$120,000

or

more Median

OWNER OCCUPIED UNITSmCon.

Purchase Price

Home purchased or built 469.7 ....................... 7.7 9.7 13.2 13.3 14.4 31.6 36.1 78.0 68.2 60.2 41.5 95.8 69 035

Less than $10,000 10.8 .......................... .2 – 1.2 1.1 1.9 2.2 1.0 1.3 .6 .8 – .4 24 909

$10,000 to $19,999 29.8 ......................... .6 1.1 2.8 3.2 3.4 3.3 5.1 5.0 2.0 2.2 .4 .6 30 924

$20,000 to $29,999 29.0 ......................... .6 2.3 1.7 1.5 2.0 4.8 2.0 4.7 4.3 2.1 1.5 1.5 37 792

$30,000 to $39,999 22.1 ......................... .6 .9 .2 .2 .9 2.2 2.1 4.3 4.2 2.2 1.5 2.7 57 801

$40,000 to $49,999 12.8 ......................... .2 .2 .6 .2 .7 1.1 .7 3.3 1.5 2.3 .6 1.3 56 003

$50,000 to $59,999 10.9 ......................... – – .4 .4 1.1 1.1 2.0 1.7 1.7 1.1 .2 1.2 45 071

$60,000 to $69,999 10.7 ......................... – – .4 .8 – 1.1 1.3 3.4 .9 .8 .4 1.5 49 984

$70,000 to $79,999 14.0 ......................... .6 – .2 .6 .7 2.0 1.3 2.6 2.6 1.4 .4 1.5 51 793

$80,000 to $99,999 29.4 ......................... .4 .9 .2 .4 .6 3.0 3.0 6.6 4.8 4.1 1.5 3.8 58 690

$100,000 to $119,999 24.8 ....................... .2 .2 .4 .7 .4 2.0 3.8 4.6 3.7 4.0 2.2 2.6 60 482

$120,000 to $149,999 43.1 ....................... .4 – .9 1.1 .6 1.5 3.0 11.1 8.2 6.0 4.9 5.3 67 214

$150,000 to $199,999 69.5 ....................... .7 1.9 .9 .8 .9 2.4 3.6 14.1 15.0 10.2 7.4 11.5 72 515

$200,000 to $249,999 47.7 ....................... .2 .4 .2 .4 – .6 2.2 7.8 8.4 7.7 5.9 13.7 89 095

$250,000 to $299,999 27.7 ....................... .8 .2 – .2 .2 – .6 3.4 4.3 5.2 4.1 8.6 95 461

$300,000 or more 58.1 ........................... .2 .2 .7 – – .9 .7 1.7 2.8 7.7 8.7 34.6 120K+

Not reported 29.3 ............................... 1.7 1.3 2.3 1.5 1.1 3.3 3.7 2.5 3.2 2.1 1.7 4.8 39 041

Median 137 998 .................................... 80 297 38 962 28 495 34 459 27 253 54 245 84 988 121 044 142 480 158 961 191 614 241 660 ...

Received as inheritance or gift 9.0 .................. .9 .7 .2 .6 .4 1.1 .9 2.1 .6 .2 .2 1.1 37 069

Not reported 29.9 ................................. 1.3 1.7 1.9 .8 1.8 3.5 2.1 7.5 2.8 1.9 .9 3.8 45 012

RENTER OCCUPIED UNITS

Total 347.1 ................................ 14.0 16.8 33.7 29.1 31.5 55.3 42.8 59.4 35.0 12.2 7.2 10.1 28 764

Rent Reductions

No subsidy 271.4 ................................... 9.4 9.9 18.7 20.8 25.0 43.5 38.2 50.1 29.8 11.2 6.5 8.4 32 199

Rent control 24.4 ................................ 1.8 2.2 1.8 2.9 3.4 4.3 2.7 2.4 2.2 .4 – .2 20 275

No rent control 245.2 ............................. 7.4 7.7 16.6 17.7 21.4 39.0 35.4 47.4 27.3 10.5 6.5 8.2 33 617

Reduced by owner 17.8 ........................ 1.8 .9 2.1 1.5 1.7 2.7 1.9 3.1 1.5 .2 – .4 23 258

Not reduced by owner 226.7 ..................... 5.5 6.9 14.5 16.2 19.6 36.3 33.1 44.3 25.9 10.3 6.5 7.7 34 383

Owner reduction not reported .6 .............. .2 – – – – – .4 – – – – – ...

Rent control not reported 1.8 .................... .2 – .2 .2 .2 .2 – .2 .2 .2 – – ...

Owned by public housing authority 10.1 .............. .2 .5 5.0 2.0 .4 1.4 – .2 .2 .2 – – 9 318

Government subsidy 23.8 .......................... .4 3.0 7.0 3.6 3.4 3.3 1.5 .7 .7 .2 – – 12 152 Other, income verification 21.0 ...................... 1.1 1.6 .4 .4 1.1 3.3 1.7 6.7 2.4 .7 .7 .9 42 372 Subsidy not reported 20.7 .......................... 2.8 1.9 2.6 2.3 1.5 3.8 1.3 1.7 2.0 – – .8 17 731

1For mobile home, oldest category is 1939 or earlier.

2Beginning with 1989 this item uses current income in its calculation, see Appendix A.

3May reflect a temporary situation, living off savings, or response error.

AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998 39

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 2~21. Housing Costs by Selected CharacteristicsmOccupied Units

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Total

Less

than

$100

$100

to

$199

$200

to

$299

$300

to

$399

$400

to

$499

$500

to

$599

$600

to

$699

$700

to

$799

$800

to

$999

$1,000

to

$1,499

$1,500

or

more

No cash

rent

Median

exclud~

ing no

cash

rent

Total 855.7 ............................. 5.5 28.8 63.2 56.2 48.5 61.9 64.2 57.2 107.1 157.5 196.4 9.2 871

Units in Structure

1, detached 536.7 ............................... 1.8 18.3 49.5 36.8 28.0 25.9 24.6 24.2 43.6 106.9 171.9 5.3 1 061

1, attached 86.2 ................................ 1.3 .9 3.0 3.7 4.4 5.5 8.3 5.3 17.4 19.0 17.0 .4 921

2 to 4 81.0 .................................... .7 3.0 2.9 5.7 5.2 8.1 10.2 10.8 17.8 11.4 4.0 1.1 738

5 to 9 47.5 .................................... .5 1.8 2.3 2.5 3.7 7.9 6.6 4.9 8.6 6.8 1.8 .2 676

10 to 19 31.6 .................................. .2 .7 .7 2.7 2.2 4.4 4.5 3.2 6.8 5.2 .4 .7 703

20 to 49 28.7 .................................. .2 .9 1.6 1.1 2.9 5.0 3.9 3.5 5.3 3.2 .2 .9 656

50 or more 27.7 ................................ – 1.9 2.3 1.4 .8 2.8 2.9 3.8 6.3 4.5 .8 .3 744

Mobile home or trailer 16.3 ...................... .9 1.3 .9 2.4 1.3 2.3 3.1 1.5 1.3 .6 .3 .3 552

Year Structure Built1

2000 to 2004 – .............................. – – – – – – – – – – – – ...

1995 to 1999 27.6 .............................. – .9 .6 .4 .4 1.1 .4 .2 1.2 4.2 17.9 .2 1500+

1990 to 1994 43.1 .............................. .3 .4 1.3 2.1 1.3 1.1 1.5 2.1 3.0 7.9 21.9 .2 1500+

1985 to 1989 70.3 .............................. .2 .6 2.4 2.9 3.2 3.3 3.0 3.8 6.7 16.1 26.8 1.1 1 260

1980 to 1984 41.9 .............................. .2 .4 .7 3.2 .9 1.5 2.2 4.1 6.4 10.4 12.0 – 1 066

1975 to 1979 71.6 .............................. .2 1.9 2.8 3.3 4.0 3.3 6.1 4.7 9.7 15.3 20.2 – 992

1970 to 1974 79.8 .............................. .2 2.2 5.2 3.4 3.6 6.6 5.7 4.8 18.1 15.2 12.8 1.7 879

1960 to 1969 160.6 .............................. 1.8 3.7 14.6 13.1 10.8 14.4 13.8 10.7 23.0 23.9 30.2 .8 773

1950 to 1959 142.2 .............................. .8 9.7 16.7 10.1 7.4 9.7 11.3 8.7 16.5 29.6 21.1 .7 759

1940 to 1949 81.5 .............................. .3 3.6 8.5 5.8 4.5 5.9 7.4 5.4 9.5 15.7 12.9 1.9 770

1930 to 1939 53.3 .............................. .5 2.6 3.7 5.7 4.1 6.4 6.2 5.0 5.4 7.8 5.2 .7 652

1920 to 1929 43.4 .............................. .5 1.6 3.6 3.3 2.5 3.8 4.3 3.6 5.7 6.1 7.9 .7 753

1919 or earlier 40.3 ............................. .5 1.1 3.2 2.9 5.8 4.9 2.2 4.1 1.9 5.4 7.4 1.1 664

Median 1964 ................................... 1961 1956 1958 1960 1960 1960 1961 1962 1966 1966 1975 1953 ...

Rooms

1 room 5.9 ................................... .2 .2 1.0 1.3 .8 1.1 – .2 .2 .2 – .7 397 2 rooms 11.2 .................................. .2 .3 .9 1.3 2.1 2.2 1.0 1.3 .4 .4 .9 .2 534 3 rooms 107.7 .................................. 1.6 6.7 4.5 5.4 9.2 21.9 19.4 14.1 16.8 4.6 1.7 1.9 619 4 rooms 166.9 .................................. 1.0 5.8 6.6 9.6 7.3 11.4 21.1 20.3 40.9 33.5 8.1 1.4 798 5 rooms 171.9 .................................. 1.6 8.9 17.4 9.3 7.1 8.8 8.9 10.4 24.4 47.6 25.2 2.2 902 6 rooms 146.3 .................................. 1.0 5.1 18.2 14.0 7.1 8.8 3.9 5.5 12.0 31.5 38.0 1.3 950 7 rooms 119.8 .................................. – 1.1 9.2 6.7 9.7 4.1 4.3 3.2 6.4 22.8 51.7 .7 1 327 8 rooms 78.6 .................................. – .4 3.8 6.5 3.2 2.1 2.8 1.1 3.4 10.4 44.3 .4 1500+ 9 rooms 30.5 .................................. – .2 .8 1.7 1.3 1.3 1.3 – 1.5 4.3 18.0 – 1500+ 10 rooms or more 16.9 .......................... – – .7 .4 .7 .2 1.6 1.1 1.1 2.1 8.5 .4 1500+ Median 5.3 ................................... 4.3 4.7 5.6 5.6 5.2 4.0 4.1 4.1 4.4 5.3 7.0 4.7 ...

Bedrooms

None 7.4 ..................................... .2 .2 1.2 1.6 1.2 1.1 – .2 .2 .4 .2 .7 410 1 130.7 ........................................ 1.8 6.6 5.2 7.4 10.8 25.2 22.7 18.0 21.6 6.9 2.0 2.5 631 2 239.1 ........................................ 2.4 9.6 13.9 13.9 11.6 16.7 26.1 25.8 49.2 49.9 18.1 1.8 795 3 301.2 ........................................ 1.1 11.2 33.8 22.0 15.3 13.8 8.2 10.0 27.4 71.5 84.0 2.8 1 044 4 or more 177.4 ................................. – 1.1 9.1 11.4 9.6 5.1 7.1 3.2 8.8 28.6 92.2 1.3 1500+ Median 2.7 ................................... 1.8 2.3 2.8 2.7 2.5 1.8 1.9 1.9 2.1 2.8 3.4 2.2 ...

Complete Bathrooms

None 12.5 ..................................... .4 1.0 1.6 2.2 1.3 1.5 – .7 .4 1.5 1.7 .3 474

1 329.1 ........................................ 3.3 18.6 21.9 19.9 20.0 40.4 46.4 38.5 57.2 42.4 14.9 5.6 681

1 and one~half 91.1 ............................. .6 3.6 8.9 6.5 4.6 4.2 3.4 5.9 16.8 21.7 14.5 .5 891

2 or more 422.9 ................................. 1.2 5.6 30.7 27.7 22.7 15.8 14.4 12.1 32.7 91.9 165.2 2.8 1 256

Main Heating Equipment

Warm~air furnace 631.7 .......................... 3.8 17.9 47.7 42.3 33.4 38.5 38.1 32.4 68.2 125.5 178.6 5.4 974

Steam or hot water system 22.6 .................. – 1.2 1.9 2.4 1.3 3.0 2.4 2.3 2.2 2.4 2.6 1.0 643

Electric heat pump 9.8 ......................... – .2 .7 .6 .4 .6 1.4 1.5 1.8 1.0 1.3 .2 756

Built~in electric units 37.6 ........................ .4 1.5 3.1 2.6 3.3 2.8 4.5 4.3 6.1 7.1 1.7 .2 714

Floor, wall, or other built~in hot air units without

ducts 124.1 .................................... 1.1 6.3 8.2 7.1 7.1 12.8 13.9 14.4 24.4 17.2 10.0 1.6 732

Room heaters with flue 11.4 ..................... – .2 .4 .7 1.3 1.9 2.0 .6 1.8 1.5 .5 .4 646

Room heaters without flue 1.6 .................. – .5 .2 – – – .2 .4 .2 – – – ...

Portable electric heaters 5.5 .................... – .3 .2 – .4 .9 .9 1.1 .7 .6 .4 – 705

Stoves 1.8 ................................... – – – – .2 – – .2 .2 .4 .7 – ...

Fireplaces with inserts .6 ...................... – – – – – – – – .2 .4 – – ...

Fireplaces without inserts .6 ................... – – – – .2 – – – – .2 .2 – ... Other 3.9 .................................... – .6 .2 .3 – .2 – – .7 1.0 .4 .4 ... Cooking stove .6 ............................. – – – – – .4 .2 – – – – – ... None 3.7 ..................................... .2 – .4 .2 .9 .7 .6 – .7 – – – ...

Primary Source of Water

Public system or private company 848.7 ............ 5.5 28.4 62.7 56.0 47.6 61.5 63.9 56.4 105.7 156.4 195.8 8.6 872

Well serving 1 to 5 units 5.3 .................... – .3 .2 – .9 .4 .2 .4 .7 .9 .7 .6 ...

Drilled 4.7 .................................. – – .2 – .7 .4 .2 .4 .7 .9 .7 .6 ...

Dug – .................................... – – – – – – – – – – – – ...

Not reported .6 ............................ – .3 – – .2 – – – – – – – ...

Other 1.8 .................................... – – .2 .2 – – – .4 .7 .2 – – ...

Means of Sewage Disposal

Public sewer 843.0 .............................. 5.5 28.1 61.8 54.9 47.6 61.1 63.9 56.4 105.6 155.7 193.8 8.4 872

Septic tank, cesspool, chemical toilet 12.0 ......... – .6 1.4 .6 .9 .8 .2 .8 1.4 1.8 2.6 .8 828

Other .7 .................................... – – – .7 – – – – – – – – ...

40 AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 2~21. Housing Costs by Selected CharacteristicsmOccupied UnitsmCon.

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Total

Less

than

$100

$100

to

$199

$200

to

$299

$300

to

$399

$400

to

$499

$500

to

$599

$600

to

$699

$700

to

$799

$800

to

$999

$1,000

to

$1,499

$1,500

or

more

No cash

rent

Median

exclud~

ing no

cash

rent

Main House Heating Fuel

Housing units with heating fuel 851.7 ...... 5.3 28.8 62.7 56.0 47.6 61.2 63.5 57.2 106.4 157.3 196.4 9.2 873

Electricity 175.3 ................................. 1.3 6.4 10.4 9.7 11.1 12.3 15.3 16.4 29.3 34.1 27.1 1.8 826

Piped gas 658.1 ................................. 3.7 21.0 51.1 43.8 34.7 47.3 47.4 39.0 76.3 120.6 167.1 6.2 900

Bottled gas 6.3 ................................ .3 .5 .5 .9 .5 .4 .3 .4 .4 .2 1.1 .6 528

Fuel oil 1.8 ................................... – – .2 .5 .2 .2 .4 .2 – – – – ...

Kerosene or other liquid fuel 1.1 ................. – .4 .3 – – – – .4 – – – – ...

Coal or coke .2 .............................. – – – – – – – – – – – .2 ...

Wood 3.7 .................................... – – .2 .4 .4 – – .2 .2 1.5 .5 .2 ...

Solar energy .6 .............................. – – – .2 .2 – – .2 – – – – ...

Other 4.6 .................................... – .4 – .5 .4 .9 – .4 .2 .8 .6 .2 ...

Cooking Fuel

With cooking fuel 846.5 .................. 5.5 28.2 61.8 54.3 47.5 60.6 63.5 56.7 106.4 157.1 196.0 8.9 877 Electricity 480.0 ................................. 2.2 13.8 35.0 32.5 26.9 27.5 34.0 31.6 66.5 97.5 109.0 3.6 904 Piped gas 360.3 ................................. 3.0 14.1 26.2 20.7 20.3 33.1 28.7 24.7 39.7 59.4 85.7 4.8 835 Bottled gas 4.8 ................................ .3 .3 .6 .9 .3 – .3 .4 .2 .2 .7 .6 ... Kerosene or other liquid fuel .2 ................. – – – – – – .2 – – – – – ... Coal or coke – .............................. – – – – – – – – – – – – ... Wood – .................................... – – – – – – – – – – – – ... Other 1.1 .................................... – – – .2 – – .2 – – – .6 – ...

Persons

1 person 225.2 .................................. 3.5 15.6 24.1 19.5 16.4 26.2 23.6 19.1 26.1 27.2 19.7 4.0 622

2 persons 269.5 ................................. 1.1 8.4 21.9 20.8 15.5 20.0 18.9 18.3 38.4 49.0 55.0 2.2 846

3 persons 143.1 ................................. .7 2.6 8.3 8.2 6.9 7.7 8.7 6.9 21.0 31.7 38.8 1.5 998

4 persons 123.4 ................................. .2 1.5 5.3 3.4 5.3 3.8 6.5 7.9 12.0 27.6 48.9 .9 1 277

5 persons 58.6 ................................. – .4 1.3 3.0 3.1 2.4 4.1 2.9 6.4 12.9 21.6 .4 1 210

6 persons 21.2 ................................. – – .9 .7 .2 .8 2.1 1.3 2.0 4.5 8.4 .2 1 276

7 persons or more 14.8 ......................... – .2 1.3 .7 1.1 .9 .2 .9 1.1 4.6 3.9 – 1 112

Median 2.3 ................................... 1.5~ 1.5~ 1.8 1.9 2.0 1.7 1.9 2.0 2.2 2.6 3.1 1.8 ...

Household Composition by Age of

Householder

2~or~more person households 630.5 ............... 2.0 13.1 39.0 36.8 32.1 35.7 40.5 38.1 81.0 130.4 176.7 5.2 986

Married~couple families, no nonrelatives 419.9 .... .9 5.6 26.5 25.4 22.7 18.9 22.0 21.4 44.2 85.1 145.0 2.2 1 124

Under 25 years 10.9 ........................ – .3 .2 .7 1.1 1.1 1.1 .9 1.5 2.6 1.3 – 812

25 to 29 years 25.2 ......................... – .4 .2 .7 .9 1.3 4.0 1.9 5.2 5.5 4.5 .7 910

30 to 34 years 48.7 ......................... .5 – 1.5 1.3 2.1 2.0 2.3 1.7 6.9 11.5 18.0 .9 1 243

35 to 44 years 121.0 ......................... – 1.1 3.2 4.1 2.8 5.7 3.9 6.6 10.6 28.1 54.9 – 1 400

45 to 64 years 152.7 ......................... .2 .6 10.0 10.0 8.1 4.5 6.1 7.3 13.3 32.0 60.0 .6 1 249

65 years and over 61.4 ..................... .2 3.1 11.3 8.7 7.9 4.3 4.6 3.0 6.7 5.3 6.3 – 494

Other male householder 86.6 .................. .2 2.4 3.2 3.0 4.6 5.2 8.5 6.0 13.9 19.8 18.6 1.3 939

Under 45 years 55.7 ........................ .2 .9 .9 1.9 2.1 2.7 6.2 4.7 9.2 14.8 11.1 .9 967 45 to 64 years 23.7 ......................... – .5 .7 .8 1.3 2.5 1.8 .6 4.0 4.3 7.1 .2 984 65 years and over 7.2 ..................... – 1.1 1.7 .2 1.2 – .4 .6 .7 .7 .4 .2 448 Other female householder 124.0 ................ .9 5.2 9.3 8.4 4.8 11.6 10.1 10.7 22.9 25.5 13.1 1.7 803 Under 45 years 71.9 ........................ .4 2.4 2.5 3.2 3.0 6.7 7.3 7.2 15.4 15.2 7.7 .7 836 45 to 64 years 38.0 ......................... .2 1.1 3.3 3.3 1.1 3.5 2.8 3.0 5.7 8.1 5.2 .9 812 65 years and over 14.1 ..................... .2 1.7 3.5 1.9 .6 1.4 – .5 1.8 2.2 .2 .2 384 1~person households 225.2 ....................... 3.5 15.6 24.1 19.5 16.4 26.2 23.6 19.1 26.1 27.2 19.7 4.0 622 Male householder 104.0 ........................ .9 6.3 10.3 8.8 8.4 9.9 9.2 8.9 13.2 13.8 12.2 2.1 670 Under 45 years 48.2 ........................ – 2.9 1.1 3.2 3.3 4.6 4.9 4.3 8.0 7.1 8.1 .7 787 45 to 64 years 34.2 ......................... .3 1.2 2.6 3.0 2.9 4.0 2.4 3.5 3.3 6.3 3.7 1.2 708 65 years and over 21.6 ..................... .6 2.2 6.7 2.6 2.1 1.4 2.0 1.1 1.9 .4 .4 .2 346 Female householder 121.2 ..................... 2.7 9.4 13.8 10.7 8.1 16.3 14.4 10.2 13.0 13.3 7.5 1.9 592 Under 45 years 40.9 ........................ .5 .6 1.5 2.0 3.3 7.0 7.0 4.1 5.0 5.4 3.0 1.3 668 45 to 64 years 33.6 ......................... 1.2 1.1 4.4 2.1 2.2 3.8 3.4 1.9 4.3 5.3 3.6 .2 657 65 years and over 46.7 ..................... 1.0 7.6 7.9 6.6 2.6 5.5 3.9 4.1 3.6 2.6 .8 .4 403

Own Never Married Children Under

18 Years Old

No own children under 18 years 573.2 ............. 4.9 25.2 54.9 45.9 38.0 46.8 43.5 42.1 73.3 94.3 97.4 6.7 757 With own children under 18 years 282.5 ............ .6 3.5 8.3 10.3 10.5 15.1 20.6 15.1 33.8 63.2 99.0 2.4 1 175 Under 6 years only 62.3 ....................... .2 .4 1.2 1.8 2.5 3.5 4.8 3.4 8.1 13.6 21.9 1.1 1 179 1 37.6 .................................... – .2 .7 1.5 .8 2.2 2.8 2.3 5.6 9.0 11.7 .6 1 127 2 22.7 .................................... .2 .2 .2 .2 1.6 1.3 1.8 .9 2.5 4.1 9.3 .5 1 273 3 or more 2.0 ............................. – – .2 – – – .2 .2 – .5 .9 – ... 6 to 17 years only 163.2 ........................ .4 1.5 5.3 6.6 6.6 8.8 11.0 9.3 20.1 35.3 57.5 .9 1 165 1 77.6 .................................... .4 .7 2.4 3.3 2.8 5.8 6.8 3.6 12.1 18.0 21.2 .4 1 018 2 61.6 .................................... – .9 1.8 1.8 2.5 1.9 3.1 4.4 5.4 13.2 26.6 .2 1 346 3 or more 24.0 ............................. – – 1.1 1.5 1.3 1.0 1.1 1.3 2.7 4.1 9.7 .2 1 233 Both age groups 57.0 ......................... – 1.6 1.8 1.9 1.5 2.9 4.9 2.4 5.6 14.2 19.6 .5 1 197 2 28.9 .................................... – .7 .6 .4 1.1 1.3 2.1 1.1 2.3 7.2 11.9 .2 1 330

3 or more 28.1 ............................. – .9 1.2 1.5 .5 1.6 2.8 1.3 3.4 7.0 7.8 .2 1 061

Income of Families and Primary

Individuals

Less than $5,000 52.7 .......................... .7 2.7 6.4 4.9 4.9 3.3 4.0 3.4 6.8 7.6 5.5 2.5 655

$5,000 to $9,999 49.0 .......................... 2.0 8.2 8.6 3.5 3.4 6.6 3.5 3.4 3.1 3.6 2.4 .7 455

$10,000 to $14,999 43.9 ........................ .2 2.1 4.9 5.3 5.5 6.0 5.5 3.9 4.9 2.6 1.5 1.4 553

$15,000 to $19,999 48.1 ........................ .2 2.6 4.5 4.6 2.9 8.4 6.7 5.7 5.4 6.0 .4 .7 607

$20,000 to $24,999 43.5 ........................ – 1.0 4.5 4.4 2.4 6.3 6.2 5.1 7.7 5.0 .6 .5 648

$25,000 to $29,999 47.8 ........................ .7 2.4 3.4 4.3 3.5 5.3 7.0 5.2 7.5 6.7 1.5 .2 660

$30,000 to $34,999 44.8 ........................ .8 2.0 4.5 2.3 2.8 3.4 5.4 5.2 8.3 6.8 2.3 1.0 714

$35,000 to $39,999 37.1 ........................ – 1.1 2.4 2.3 2.6 4.0 3.5 3.7 7.3 7.0 2.8 .5 765

$40,000 to $49,999 75.3 ........................ .9 1.6 6.1 5.5 4.7 2.6 4.6 6.2 13.2 19.9 9.1 .9 875

$50,000 to $59,999 71.6 ........................ – 1.4 4.0 3.7 2.4 3.9 5.0 5.0 15.6 16.5 13.9 .2 932 $60,000 to $79,999 106.5 ........................ – 2.2 7.6 5.3 3.7 5.0 5.5 5.1 13.6 29.9 28.2 .4 1 084 $80,000 to $99,999 74.5 ........................ – 1.0 2.4 4.1 4.2 2.8 1.9 1.5 5.6 18.6 32.2 .2 1 367 $100,000 to $119,999 49.8 ...................... – .2 1.3 1.7 2.7 .8 1.3 2.2 2.8 9.7 27.0 – 1500+ $120,000 or more 110.8 .......................... – .2 2.5 4.3 2.8 3.5 3.9 1.5 5.4 17.8 68.9 – 1500+ Median 48 074 ................................... 11 933 17 503 28 925 32 409 32 999 25 320 29 393 31 868 42 055 58 266 98 532 14 988 ...

AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998 41

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 2~21. Housing Costs by Selected CharacteristicsmOccupied UnitsmCon.

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Total

Less

than

$100

$100

to

$199

$200

to

$299

$300

to

$399

$400

to

$499

$500

to

$599

$600

to

$699

$700

to

$799

$800

to

$999

$1,000

to

$1,499

$1,500

or

more

No cash

rent

Median

exclud~

ing no

cash

rent

OWNER OCCUPIED UNITS

Total 508.6 ............................. 3.4 19.6 51.7 42.7 28.4 23.4 20.8 16.3 33.1 90.4 178.8 ... 1 082

Value

Less than $10,000 9.9 ......................... 1.5 1.0 1.9 1.9 .4 .6 – .3 – .9 1.3 ... 327

$10,000 to $19,999 3.5 ........................ – .6 .5 .6 .6 – .6 – – .3 .2 ... ...

$20,000 to $29,999 4.6 ........................ .3 1.0 .5 .9 .5 – .6 .3 .3 .2 – ... ...

$30,000 to $39,999 2.2 ........................ .3 .2 .4 .2 .4 .2 – – .2 – .2 ... ...

$40,000 to $49,999 1.0 ........................ – .2 – .2 – .3 – – – .2 – ... ...

$50,000 to $59,999 4.5 ........................ – .9 .9 – .4 1.5 .2 .2 .3 – – ... ...

$60,000 to $69,999 3.5 ........................ .4 – .4 .2 .6 .3 .3 .8 .2 – .2 ... ...

$70,000 to $79,999 6.3 ........................ – .6 1.9 1.0 – .4 .2 .4 .9 .4 .4 ... 368

$80,000 to $99,999 16.0 ........................ .2 1.3 2.0 1.5 .4 2.1 1.7 .9 2.4 2.3 .9 ... 618

$100,000 to $119,999 18.0 ...................... – 2.0 2.0 1.7 .4 1.9 1.6 1.1 4.1 2.4 .7 ... 656

$120,000 to $149,999 40.6 ...................... – 1.9 5.9 3.9 1.5 1.0 1.9 1.1 6.1 15.0 2.4 ... 903

$150,000 to $199,999 99.3 ...................... .6 6.2 15.7 10.0 5.2 3.7 3.2 3.2 5.1 25.8 20.7 ... 876

$200,000 to $249,999 85.6 ...................... – 2.2 10.0 8.1 6.3 2.5 1.5 2.3 3.6 19.4 29.7 ... 1 163

$250,000 to $299,999 54.6 ...................... – .9 4.2 4.4 3.1 2.1 .4 1.7 2.7 8.5 26.6 ... 1 456

$300,000 or more 158.9 .......................... – .6 5.4 8.0 8.4 6.7 8.5 3.9 7.1 15.0 95.3 ... 1500+

Median 226 173 ................................... ... 150 277 180 294 195 772 228 599 194 256 199 524 196 709 169 181 195 582 300K+ ... ...

Ratio of Value to Current Income

Less than 1.5 55.2 ............................. 1.9 2.8 4.8 6.9 3.0 2.3 2.5 2.3 3.9 10.3 14.6 ... 861 1.5 to 1.9 55.5 ................................. – 2.3 2.9 3.0 2.3 2.7 1.8 1.5 3.2 12.6 23.2 ... 1 320 2.0 to 2.4 54.6 ................................. – 1.5 3.3 3.4 1.9 2.8 1.8 1.6 5.0 11.1 22.0 ... 1 263 2.5 to 2.9 56.0 ................................. – .6 3.4 2.2 2.6 1.9 1.7 1.7 3.7 12.0 26.3 ... 1 428 3.0 to 3.9 75.9 ................................. .2 1.5 6.7 4.9 4.8 2.1 1.9 2.6 3.0 15.6 32.5 ... 1 326 4.0 to 4.9 53.5 ................................. – 2.4 4.5 4.7 4.0 2.5 2.5 1.0 3.4 8.1 20.5 ... 1 110 5.0 or more 148.5 ............................... 1.0 8.3 24.3 17.0 8.6 8.7 8.1 5.4 10.0 19.5 37.5 ... 677 Zero or negative income 9.4 .................... .2 .2 1.7 .6 1.3 .4 .4 .2 .9 1.3 2.1 ... 652 Median 3.4 ................................... ... 4.4 4.9 4.1 3.8 3.9 4.2 3.3 3.1 2.9 3.1 ... ...

Monthly Payment for Principal and

Interest

One or more regular mortgages 344.3 ............. 1.1 2.3 3.6 4.9 6.5 9.3 11.1 10.6 29.0 88.6 177.3 ... 1500+

Less than $100 14.0 .......................... 1.1 2.1 3.2 2.9 1.9 1.3 .3 – .7 .3 .2 ... 321

$100 to $199 9.7 ............................ – .2 .4 1.7 2.8 2.2 .6 .2 .4 .8 .2 ... 486

$200 to $249 5.2 ............................ – – – .2 1.3 1.5 1.5 .2 – .4 – ... ...

$250 to $299 6.4 ............................ – – – – – 1.7 2.2 2.0 .2 .2 – ... 667

$300 to $349 5.6 ............................ – – – – .2 1.5 1.5 .4 1.7 .2 – ... 670

$350 to $399 5.3 ............................ – – – – .2 .9 1.3 1.7 .8 .4 – ... ...

$400 to $449 6.6 ............................ – – – – – – 1.3 2.4 2.0 .9 – ... 784

$450 to $499 5.7 ............................ – – – – – .2 1.1 .6 3.3 .3 .2 ... 858

$500 to $599 15.5 ............................ – – – – – – 1.1 2.6 9.0 2.5 .2 ... 890

$600 to $699 15.4 ............................ – – – – – – .2 .3 7.1 7.5 .2 ... 1 003

$700 to $799 18.4 ............................ – – – – – – – – 3.1 15.1 .2 ... 1 202

$800 to $999 40.7 ............................ – – – – – – – – .6 34.5 5.6 ... 1 286

$1,000 to $1,249 56.1 ........................ –– – – – – – – – 24.1 32.0 ... 1500+

$1,250 to $1,499 52.2 ........................ – – – – – – – – – 1.3 51.0 ... 1500+

$1500 or more 87.4 .......................... –– – – – – – – – – 87.4 ... 1500+

Median 1 105 ................................. ... ... ... ... 148 238 330 414 559 890 1 494 ... ...

Average Monthly Cost Paid for Real

Estate Taxes

Less than $25 36.6 ............................. 3.0 3.8 3.9 5.0 3.3 3.7 3.1 .3 2.4 3.0 5.1 ... 480

$25 to $49 24.5 ................................ .4 6.3 5.7 3.5 .8 1.2 1.5 2.0 1.1 .9 1.1 ... 298

$50 to $74 58.2 ................................ – 7.2 18.9 6.2 3.1 3.0 2.3 1.7 4.5 7.6 3.7 ... 348

$75 to $99 51.5 ................................ – 1.5 12.3 6.8 2.5 2.5 2.7 2.4 5.7 8.8 6.3 ... 606

$100 to $149 99.7 .............................. – .6 9.2 11.0 7.3 3.8 3.2 3.5 11.9 28.7 20.4 ... 988

$150 to $199 74.8 .............................. – – 1.7 5.7 3.8 2.7 3.0 1.5 2.5 22.9 30.9 ... 1 358

$200 or more 163.3 .............................. – .2 – 4.6 7.5 6.5 4.9 5.0 4.9 18.6 111.3 ... 1500+

Median 142 ................................... ... 49 71 100 130 117 111 126 112 143 200+ ... ...

Purchase Price

Home purchased or built 469.7 .................... 1.7 16.1 45.3 36.9 25.8 20.1 19.4 14.4 30.8 86.8 172.4 ... 1 140 Less than $10,000 10.8 ....................... .2 2.9 4.2 1.5 .4 .4 .3 – .4 .2 .2 ... 254 $10,000 to $19,999 29.8 ...................... – 6.2 11.5 4.0 3.6 .9 1.3 .4 .8 .8 .2 ... 276 $20,000 to $29,999 29.0 ...................... – 2.2 8.9 4.4 3.0 2.9 1.7 2.1 1.9 1.5 .5 ... 378 $30,000 to $39,999 22.1 ...................... – – 4.0 3.9 2.5 1.7 1.5 1.3 1.6 2.6 3.0 ... 536 $40,000 to $49,999 12.8 ...................... – .2 1.3 1.5 .4 1.5 1.4 .2 2.3 3.2 .8 ... 780 $50,000 to $59,999 10.9 ...................... .5 – 1.5 .8 1.1 .7 1.7 .9 1.5 1.8 .4 ... 648 $60,000 to $69,999 10.7 ...................... – – 1.3 .9 1.3 1.0 .6 1.3 1.9 1.5 .9 ... 716 $70,000 to $79,999 14.0 ...................... – .2 1.7 2.0 .5 .9 1.5 1.4 2.8 1.4 1.7 ... 720 $80,000 to $99,999 29.4 ...................... .2 .7 2.4 3.6 .6 1.2 1.9 .7 6.2 7.4 4.4 ... 907 $100,000 to $119,999 24.8 .................... – .7 1.8 1.9 .9 .2 .7 .6 3.8 10.8 3.4 ... 1 086 $120,000 to $149,999 43.1 .................... – .4 .9 2.6 1.9 1.0 .8 .9 1.0 22.3 11.3 ... 1 270 $150,000 to $199,999 69.5 .................... – .4 1.9 2.7 3.2 2.7 .8 .4 1.1 20.1 36.1 ... 1500+ $200,000 to $249,999 47.7 .................... – – .4 1.9 2.6 .9 .7 1.0 1.1 6.1 33.1 ... 1500+ $250,000 to $299,999 27.7 .................... – – – 1.1 .6 .9 .7 – .4 1.1 23.0 ... 1500+

$300,000 or more 58.1 ........................ – – .7 .4 .4 1.5 2.0 1.3 1.7 2.4 47.5 ... 1500+

Not reported 29.3 ............................ .7 2.2 2.8 3.7 2.9 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.1 3.6 5.9 ... 639

Median 137 998 ................................. ... 16 568 26 318 66 372 63 320 71 005 71 717 71 011 83 091 133 985 230 751 ... ...

Received as inheritance or gift 9.0 ............... – 1.3 2.9 2.1 .2 – .3 .2 .7 .8 .4 ... 312

Not reported 29.9 .............................. 1.7 2.1 3.4 3.7 2.3 3.3 1.1 1.7 1.6 2.8 6.0 ... 547

42 AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 2~21. Housing Costs by Selected CharacteristicsmOccupied UnitsmCon.

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Total

Less

than

$100

$100

to

$199

$200

to

$299

$300

to

$399

$400

to

$499

$500

to

$599

$600

to

$699

$700

to

$799

$800

to

$999

$1,000

to

$1,499

$1,500

or

more

No cash

rent

Median

exclud~

ing no

cash

rent

RENTER OCCUPIED UNITS

Total 347.1 ............................. 2.1 9.1 11.5 13.5 20.1 38.5 43.4 40.9 74.0 67.1 17.6 9.2 775

Rent Reductions

No subsidy 271.4 ................................ 1.0 .4 3.4 5.2 15.7 29.8 36.7 35.8 63.5 58.8 13.3 7.8 812

Rent control 24.4 ............................. .3 .2 .5 .2 2.5 5.1 4.1 2.5 5.2 3.1 .4 .4 679

No rent control 245.2 .......................... .7 .2 2.9 5.0 13.2 24.5 32.6 32.9 57.6 55.5 12.6 7.4 824

Reduced by owner 17.8 ..................... – – .2 1.4 1.5 1.9 1.1 1.3 2.8 2.2 .2 5.2 718

Not reduced by owner 226.7 .................. .7 .2 2.7 3.6 11.7 22.6 31.2 31.6 54.6 53.1 12.4 2.2 829

Owner reduction not reported .6 ........... – – – – – – .2 – .2 .2 – – ...

Rent control not reported 1.8 ................. – – – – – .2 – .4 .7 .2 .2 – ...

Owned by public housing authority 10.1 ........... .2 2.7 2.9 1.3 .4 1.6 – – .4 – – .5 263

Government subsidy 23.8 ....................... .7 5.5 3.9 4.6 2.0 1.1 2.7 .8 1.1 .7 .2 .5 333

Other, income verification 21.0 ................... – – – – .2 2.2 2.0 2.6 5.9 4.9 3.2 – 919

Subsidy not reported 20.7 ....................... .2 .4 1.2 2.4 1.9 3.7 2.1 1.7 3.1 2.8 .9 .4 615

1For mobile home, oldest category is 1939 or earlier.

AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998 43

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 2~23. Units in Structure by Selected CharacteristicsmOccupied Units

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Multiunit

Total 1, detached 1, attached Total 2 to 4 5 to 9 10 to 19 20 to 49 50 or more

Mobile

homes

Total 855.7 ................................ 536.7 86.2 216.4 81.0 47.5 31.6 28.7 27.7 16.3

Race and Origin

White 553.8 ....................................... 374.3 52.6 114.8 42.5 27.1 17.6 13.7 13.9 12.2 Non~Hispanic 507.7 ............................... 347.0 49.5 99.9 36.7 23.0 15.8 11.0 13.4 11.2 Hispanic 46.1 ................................... 27.2 3.0 15.0 5.8 4.1 1.8 2.8 .4 .9 Black 111.1 ........................................ 48.2 11.5 50.4 18.7 11.0 6.6 7.5 6.6 1.0 American Indian, Eskimo, and Aleut 6.7 ............. 4.0 1.1 1.3 .6 .2 – .2 .2 .3 Asian and Pacific Islander 102.2 ...................... 62.6 11.9 26.7 8.6 5.8 4.4 3.7 4.2 1.0 Other 81.9 ....................................... 47.6 9.2 23.2 10.5 3.4 3.0 3.4 2.8 1.8 Total Hispanic 106.3 ................................ 61.5 9.0 32.6 13.4 7.1 4.2 5.4 2.6 3.2

Cooperatives and Condominiums

Cooperatives 10.1 ................................. 2.1 3.5 4.6 1.3 1.5 1.6 – .2 – Condominiums 65.2 ............................... 7.5 30.7 26.9 8.5 6.3 3.7 4.2 4.2 –

Year Structure Built1

2000 to 2004 – ................................. –– –––––– – 1995 to 1999 27.6 ................................. 23.0 3.4 .9 .4 – – .2 .2 .3 1990 to 1994 43.1 ................................. 29.0 7.4 5.5 1.1 .5 2.0 .7 1.1 1.2 1985 to 1989 70.3 ................................. 36.3 14.4 17.8 6.7 3.2 3.0 1.8 3.0 1.9 1980 to 1984 41.9 ................................. 24.2 8.0 9.7 3.1 2.4 1.8 .9 1.5 – 1975 to 1979 71.6 ................................. 39.5 11.2 16.1 5.3 2.6 2.8 2.9 2.5 4.7 1970 to 1974 79.8 ................................. 40.3 11.6 25.0 7.4 4.6 3.0 4.1 5.9 2.8 1960 to 1969 160.6 ................................. 98.1 15.2 42.6 11.4 10.3 5.9 8.7 6.3 4.7 1950 to 1959 142.2 ................................. 104.4 6.7 31.2 11.1 7.5 4.3 4.9 3.4 – 1940 to 1949 81.5 ................................. 60.8 3.4 16.6 7.3 4.5 3.3 .9 .7 .6 1930 to 1939 53.3 ................................. 31.2 3.2 19.0 10.5 4.4 1.9 1.2 1.0 – 1920 to 1929 43.4 ................................. 28.1 .7 14.7 7.1 3.8 1.5 1.3 1.0 – 1919 or earlier 40.3 ................................ 21.7 1.1 17.5 9.5 3.8 2.0 1.2 1.0 – Median 1964 ...................................... 1962 1976 1962 1955 1960 1965 1966 1970 1975

Rooms

1 room 5.9 ...................................... 1.5 .2 4.2 .2 .5 1.2 1.0 1.3 – 2 rooms 11.2 ..................................... 3.1 .7 6.8 1.8 1.8 .9 .5 1.9 .7 3 rooms 107.7 ..................................... 14.8 11.9 77.6 18.6 16.2 14.6 14.1 14.0 3.5 4 rooms 166.9 ..................................... 43.6 34.5 83.7 33.5 20.5 10.9 10.8 8.0 5.0 5 rooms 171.9 ..................................... 116.3 21.4 29.6 15.8 6.1 3.5 2.0 2.1 4.7 6 rooms 146.3 ..................................... 122.4 11.1 10.3 7.2 2.2 .5 .2 .2 2.5 7 rooms 119.8 ..................................... 112.4 4.9 2.4 2.2 – – – .2 – 8 rooms 78.6 ..................................... 76.1 1.3 1.1 .9 .2 – – – – 9 rooms 30.5 ..................................... 29.8 .2 .4 .4 –––– – 10 rooms or more 16.9 ............................. 16.6 – .3 .3 –––– – Median 5.3 ...................................... 6.2 4.4 3.7 4.1 3.8 3.4 3.4 3.3 4.3

Bedrooms

None 7.4 ........................................ 1.7 .2 5.1 .4 .7 1.4 1.0 1.5 .3

1 130.7 ........................................... 18.7 14.2 93.3 24.8 19.0 15.8 16.8 16.9 4.4

2 239.1 ........................................... 87.8 45.3 96.3 41.4 23.7 12.8 10.0 8.4 9.7

3 301.2 ........................................... 255.4 23.9 20.0 12.6 4.1 1.6 .8 .9 1.9

4 or more 177.4 .................................... 173.1 2.6 1.7 1.7 –––– –

Median 2.7 ...................................... 3.1 2.1 1.6 1.9 1.7 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.9

Complete Bathrooms

None 12.5 ........................................ 6.9 .4 4.6 .6 .4 1.2 .9 1.5 .6

1 329.1 ........................................... 128.0 33.4 160.0 58.9 36.3 22.5 22.9 19.4 7.8

1 and one~half 91.1 ................................ 58.0 13.4 19.1 8.3 4.8 2.2 1.7 2.2 .6

2 or more 422.9 .................................... 343.8 39.1 32.8 13.1 6.0 5.7 3.2 4.7 7.3

Square Footage of Unit

Single detached and mobile homes 553.0 ..... 536.7 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 16.3

Less than 500 9.0 ................................ 7.1 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 1.9

500 to 749 10.6 ................................... 7.5 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 3.1

750 to 999 24.8 ................................... 23.1 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 1.6

1,000 to 1,499 127.8 ................................ 122.9 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 4.9

1,500 to 1,999 127.6 ................................ 126.9 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .7

2,000 to 2,499 80.3 ................................ 80.3 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... –

2,500 to 2,999 36.7 ................................ 36.4 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .3

3,000 to 3,999 26.8 ................................ 26.8 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... –

4,000 or more 16.7 ................................ 16.7 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... –

Not reported 92.7 ................................. 88.9 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 3.8

Median 1 727 ...................................... 1 749 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 943

Persons per Room

0.50 or less 570.9 .................................. 363.4 58.9 136.7 51.9 29.6 18.9 17.0 19.3 11.9

0.51 to 1.00 255.2 .................................. 158.5 24.8 67.5 23.6 15.1 11.7 10.1 7.1 4.4

1.01 to 1.50 25.7 .................................. 12.6 2.5 10.6 5.0 2.3 1.1 1.6 .7 –

1.51 or more 3.9 ................................. 2.2 – 1.7 .5 .5 – – .6 –

Square Feet per Person

Single detached and mobile homes 553.0 ..... 536.7 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 16.3

Less than 200 13.8 ................................ 12.2 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 1.6

200 to 299 31.3 ................................... 30.7 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .6

300 to 399 45.1 ................................... 43.2 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 1.8

400 to 499 56.0 ................................... 54.5 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 1.5

500 to 599 50.5 ................................... 49.5 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 1.0

600 to 699 47.6 ................................... 46.4 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 1.2

700 to 799 37.6 ................................... 36.4 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 1.2

800 to 899 30.3 ................................... 29.7 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .7

900 to 999 23.9 ................................... 23.5 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .4

1,000 to 1,499 76.1 ................................ 73.9 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 2.2

1,500 or more 48.1 ................................ 47.8 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .3

Not reported 92.7 ................................. 88.9 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 3.8

Median 670 ...................................... 673 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 571

44 AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 2~23. Units in Structure by Selected CharacteristicsmOccupied UnitsmCon.

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Multiunit

Total 1, detached 1, attached Total 2 to 4 5 to 9 10 to 19 20 to 49 50 or more

Mobile

homes

Equipment2

Lacking complete kitchen facilities 21.1 .............. 3.8 – 16.6 7.0 3.3 1.9 1.6 2.8 .6

With complete kitchen (sink, refrigerator, and oven

or burners) 834.6 .................................. 532.9 86.2 199.8 74.0 44.2 29.8 27.0 24.9 15.7

Kitchen sink 851.1 .................................. 535.3 86.2 213.3 80.6 47.2 31.1 28.3 26.2 16.3

Refrigerator 852.2 .................................. 535.6 86.2 214.1 80.1 47.5 31.4 28.2 26.8 16.3

Cooking stove or range 843.1 ........................ 531.4 86.2 209.8 78.5 46.8 30.9 28.1 25.5 15.7

Burners, no stove or range – ..................... –– –––––– –

Microwave oven only 3.4 .......................... 3.4 – – – – – – – –

Dishwasher 543.6 .................................. 382.2 66.0 87.5 27.0 17.8 14.5 12.2 16.1 7.9

Washing machine 602.0 ............................. 480.6 54.8 57.8 34.5 10.7 5.7 3.7 3.2 8.9

Clothes dryer 587.0 ................................. 467.2 53.4 57.6 33.1 11.3 5.9 4.1 3.2 8.9

Disposal in kitchen sink 591.8 ........................ 384.6 73.8 125.2 37.6 28.2 19.7 18.8 20.8 8.3

Trash compactor 59.4 ............................. 46.5 5.7 7.0 3.3 1.1 .9 .7 1.0 .3

Air conditioning:

Central 245.7 .................................... 169.0 40.2 31.2 10.4 7.2 5.5 2.6 5.5 5.3

Additional Central 19.1 ........................... 17.0 1.3 .5 – .2 .2 – – .3

1 room unit 87.7 ................................ 46.3 8.7 27.8 8.2 8.6 3.7 2.7 4.6 5.0

2 room units 18.6 ............................... 12.6 2.1 3.3 1.5 .4 .5 .6 .2 .6

3 room units or more 10.2 ........................ 9.1 .2 .9 .7 .2 – – – –

Main Heating Equipment

Warm~air furnace 631.7 ............................. 439.0 67.9 110.7 42.2 24.3 17.5 14.4 12.2 14.2

Steam or hot water system 22.6 ..................... 6.3 1.1 14.6 1.5 2.3 3.0 3.7 4.1 .6

Electric heat pump 9.8 ............................ 3.6 1.3 4.8 1.7 .9 .5 .5 1.3 –

Built~in electric units 37.6 ........................... 12.6 5.5 19.5 5.6 4.3 3.3 2.4 3.9 –

Floor, wall, or other built~in hot air units without

ducts 124.1 ....................................... 60.8 8.9 53.8 23.7 12.6 5.3 6.8 5.3 .6

Room heaters with flue 11.4 ........................ 4.5 .6 6.3 2.5 1.6 1.4 .6 .2 –

Room heaters without flue 1.6 ..................... .8 – .4 .2 – .2 – – .3

Portable electric heaters 5.5 ....................... 2.5 .2 2.4 1.3 .7 – – .4 .3

Stoves 1.8 ...................................... 1.5 .2 – – – – – – –

Fireplaces with inserts .6 ......................... .6 – – – – – – – –

Fireplaces without inserts .6 ...................... .2 – .4 .4 – – – – –

Other 3.9 ....................................... 1.9 .2 1.5 .7 .4 – .2 .2 .3

Cooking stove .6 ................................ .4 – .2 .2 – – – – –

None 3.7 ........................................ 1.8 .2 1.8 .9 .5 .4 – – –

Plumbing

With all plumbing facilities 846.6 ...................... 534.1 86.0 211.1 79.9 46.8 30.6 28.0 25.8 15.4

Lacking some or all plumbing facilities2 .......... 9.1 2.6 .2 5.4 1.1 .7 1.0 .7 1.9 .9

No hot piped water 1.6 .......................... .2 – 1.0 – – .4 – .6 .3

No bathtub nor shower 3.1 ...................... .2 – 2.9 – – .8 .5 1.7 –

No flush toilet 4.5 .............................. .7 – 2.9 – – .8 .5 1.7 .9

No exclusive use 5.1 ........................... 1.7 .2 3.2 1.1 .7 .2 .4 .7 –

Primary Source of Water

Public system or private company 848.7 ............... 531.7 86.2 215.2 80.8 47.5 31.0 28.4 27.5 15.6

Well serving 1 to 5 units 5.3 ....................... 4.6 – – – – – – – .7

Drilled 4.7 ..................................... 4.4 – – – – – – – .3

Dug – ....................................... –– –––––– –

Not reported .6 ............................... .2 – – – – – – – .3

Other 1.8 ....................................... .5 – 1.3 .2 – .6 .2 .2 –

Units Using Each Fuel2

Electricity 854.8 .................................... 536.3 86.0 216.2 80.7 47.5 31.6 28.7 27.7 16.3

Piped gas 805.0 .................................... 518.1 78.4 195.9 75.7 44.2 27.8 24.4 23.9 12.6

Bottled gas 6.8 ................................... 3.1 .2 .5 .2 – – .2 – 3.1

Fuel oil 48.9 ...................................... 31.2 8.2 9.2 1.8 1.6 1.8 .5 3.5 .3

Kerosene or other liquid fuel 2.4 .................... 1.7 .2 .2 – – .2 – – .3

Coal or coke .2 ................................. .2 – – – – – – – –

Wood 117.4 ....................................... 101.0 6.6 9.8 6.6 1.5 .4 .6 .6 –

Solar energy 3.6 ................................. 1.5 .2 1.9 – .7 – 1.0 .2 –

Other 14.3 ....................................... 9.6 .2 4.2 .2 .6 1.1 1.5 .7 .3

All electric units ... ............................... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Selected Amenities2

Porch, deck, balcony, or patio 716.2 .................. 482.2 77.5 143.3 56.6 30.3 19.6 17.7 19.2 13.2

Telephone available ... ........................... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Usable fireplace 475.3 .............................. 402.4 38.6 34.0 17.3 8.1 2.9 3.3 2.5 .3

Separate dining room 273.8 ......................... 223.0 18.1 31.0 18.2 5.4 2.2 2.8 2.3 1.8

With 2 or more living rooms or recreation rooms,

etc. 311.9 ........................................ 279.4 14.5 13.0 8.3 3.0 .7 .5 .7 5.1

Garage or carport included with home 710.3 ........... 484.3 77.4 137.1 49.6 28.5 21.5 17.6 19.9 11.4

Not included 144.3 ................................. 51.5 8.8 79.1 31.1 19.0 10.2 11.1 7.8 4.9

Offstreet parking included 103.8 .................... 42.1 7.6 49.2 19.2 12.1 5.7 7.4 4.7 4.9

Offstreet parking not reported .4 ................ – – .4 .2 .2 – – – –

Garage or carport not reported 1.1 ................. .9 – .2 .2 – – – – –

Selected Deficiencies2

Signs of rats in last 3 months 16.2 ................... 12.6 .4 2.9 1.6 .6 .4 .2 – .3 Signs of mice in last 3 months 62.3 .................. 44.8 2.2 13.7 6.2 2.1 3.0 2.0 .5 1.6 Signs of rodents, not sure which kind in last 3

months 5.4 ..................................... 3.7 .4 1.0 .4 .2 – .4 – .3 Holes in floors 9.1 ................................ 3.8 .8 4.1 2.0 1.1 .9 .2 – .3

Open cracks or holes (interior) 78.8 .................. 49.7 3.8 24.0 10.9 5.4 3.1 3.2 1.4 1.2

Broken plaster or peeling paint (interior) 38.1 ......... 20.9 2.6 14.3 7.2 2.5 1.5 1.8 1.3 .3

No electrical wiring – ............................ –– –––––– –

Exposed wiring 4.6 ............................... 2.6 .2 1.8 .9 .5 .2 .2 – –

Rooms without electric outlets 17.1 .................. 8.1 1.5 6.1 2.1 1.4 1.6 .9 .2 1.5

AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998 45

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 2~23. Units in Structure by Selected CharacteristicsmOccupied UnitsmCon.

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Multiunit

Total 1, detached 1, attached Total 2 to 4 5 to 9 10 to 19 20 to 49 50 or more

Mobile

homes

Selected Physical Problems

Severe physical problems2 ..................... 19.6 7.3 1.1 10.3 3.3 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 .9 Plumbing 9.3 .................................. 2.8 .2 5.4 1.1 .7 1.0 .7 1.9 .9 Heating 9.0 .................................... 3.7 .6 4.6 2.0 .9 .4 1.2 .2 – Electric 1.7 .................................... 1.2 .2 .2 .2 – – – – – Upkeep .6 .................................... .4 – .2 – – .2 – – – Hallways – ................................... –– –––––– –

Moderate physical problems2................... 37.8 16.1 .8 19.9 9.1 4.3 2.2 2.6 1.5 .9 Plumbing 1.5 .................................. .7 .4 .4 .2 – .2 – – – Heating 1.4 .................................... .8 – .2 – – .2 – – .3 Upkeep 18.4 .................................... 11.3 .4 6.4 2.6 1.5 .5 1.4 .4 .3 Hallways 1.1 ................................... – – 1.1 .6 .2 .2 – – – Kitchen 17.2 .................................... 3.4 – 13.5 6.7 2.9 1.3 1.5 1.1 .3

Persons

1 person 225.2 ..................................... 94.3 31.3 91.4 28.7 18.7 14.5 12.8 16.8 8.2

2 persons 269.5 .................................... 171.1 27.0 66.7 24.7 16.6 9.6 9.1 6.7 4.7

3 persons 143.1 .................................... 96.6 15.5 28.5 13.6 5.4 4.7 2.9 1.8 2.5

4 persons 123.4 .................................... 97.8 8.2 16.5 7.3 3.1 2.0 2.7 1.3 .9

5 persons 58.6 .................................... 48.4 2.7 7.6 3.8 2.5 .2 .9 .2 –

6 persons 21.2 .................................... 16.3 1.1 3.7 1.9 .5 .5 .2 .7 –

7 persons or more 14.8 ............................ 12.3 .5 2.1 .9 .7 .2 – .2 –

Median 2.3 ...................................... 2.5 1.9 1.8 2.0 1.8 1.6 1.7 1.5~ 1.5~

Persons 65 Years Old and Over

None 676.2 ........................................ 414.8 68.5 183.0 69.0 41.1 27.7 24.9 20.3 9.9 1 person 123.9 ..................................... 77.8 13.4 27.5 9.9 5.3 2.9 2.7 6.7 5.1 2 persons or more 55.6 ............................ 44.1 4.3 6.0 2.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 .7 1.3

Age of Householder

Under 25 years 59.1 ............................... 23.6 4.9 30.0 8.3 7.2 5.3 6.9 2.4 .6

25 to 29 62.0 ..................................... 26.3 6.5 28.2 11.3 6.2 3.6 4.5 2.6 1.0

30 to 34 87.7 ..................................... 45.1 11.3 31.0 11.5 5.7 4.6 5.1 4.1 .3

35 to 44 213.6 ..................................... 144.1 21.3 45.8 16.0 11.0 10.3 3.0 5.4 2.4

45 to 54 176.8 ..................................... 122.2 16.6 35.2 16.7 7.6 3.4 4.1 3.4 2.8

55 to 64 105.4 ..................................... 76.1 9.6 16.3 7.2 4.0 1.1 1.5 2.5 3.4

65 to 74 78.9 ..................................... 53.4 8.2 14.7 5.1 3.8 1.4 1.1 3.4 2.5

75 years and over 72.2 ............................ 45.9 8.0 15.1 4.9 2.0 1.9 2.5 3.8 3.2

Median 45 ...................................... 47 45 39 41 39 37 33 44 58

Household Composition by Age of

Householder

2~or~more person households 630.5 .................. 442.4 54.9 125.1 52.3 28.8 17.2 15.9 10.9 8.1 Married~couple families, no nonrelatives 419.9 ....... 328.0 31.3 55.6 22.9 11.9 6.6 6.5 7.7 5.0 Under 25 years 10.9 ........................... 6.8 1.3 2.5 .9 .9 .2 .5 – .3 25 to 29 years 25.2 ............................ 12.1 3.0 9.8 3.6 2.1 1.2 1.5 1.4 .3 30 to 34 years 48.7 ............................ 31.1 5.4 11.9 5.4 2.0 .9 1.4 2.2 .3 35 to 44 years 121.0 ............................ 99.9 7.0 13.9 5.5 2.8 2.5 1.3 1.7 .3 45 to 64 years 152.7 ............................ 128.9 10.0 11.1 5.3 2.8 .7 .7 1.6 2.8 65 years and over 61.4 ........................ 49.3 4.7 6.4 2.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 .9 1.0 Other male householder 86.6 ..................... 48.6 9.5 27.0 9.6 7.6 5.0 3.3 1.4 1.6 Under 45 years 55.7 ........................... 27.1 7.1 20.6 5.6 6.7 4.3 2.7 1.2 .9 45 to 64 years 23.7 ............................ 15.7 2.2 5.2 3.5 .6 .4 .4 .2 .7 65 years and over 7.2 ........................ 5.8 .3 1.2 .5 .3 .3 .2 – – Other female householder 124.0 ................... 65.8 14.1 42.5 19.8 9.4 5.6 6.0 1.7 1.5 Under 45 years 71.9 ........................... 31.7 9.1 30.1 12.3 7.2 4.7 4.7 1.3 .9 45 to 64 years 38.0 ............................ 23.2 4.5 10.2 6.4 1.5 .9 1.2 .2 – 65 years and over 14.1 ........................ 10.9 .4 2.2 1.1 .6 – .2 .2 .6 1~person households 225.2 .......................... 94.3 31.3 91.4 28.7 18.7 14.5 12.8 16.8 8.2 Male householder 104.0 ........................... 49.7 9.7 42.1 13.2 9.1 5.8 5.9 8.0 2.6 Under 45 years 48.2 ........................... 21.1 4.7 21.8 6.9 4.1 3.9 3.1 3.7 .6 45 to 64 years 34.2 ............................ 15.4 3.3 14.5 5.2 3.8 1.6 1.7 2.1 1.0 65 years and over 21.6 ........................ 13.2 1.7 5.8 1.1 1.2 .2 1.1 2.2 1.0 Female householder 121.2 ........................ 44.6 21.6 49.3 15.5 9.6 8.7 6.9 8.7 5.6 Under 45 years 40.9 ........................... 9.4 6.3 24.5 6.9 4.1 6.1 4.4 3.0 .6 45 to 64 years 33.6 ............................ 15.0 6.2 10.6 3.5 2.9 .9 1.5 1.8 1.8 65 years and over 46.7 ........................ 20.2 9.1 14.2 5.1 2.6 1.8 .9 3.9 3.2

Household Income

Less than $5,000 48.4 ............................. 26.8 4.8 16.5 5.4 2.7 3.0 1.9 3.4 .3

$5,000 to $9,999 45.0 ............................. 20.8 3.8 19.4 8.4 3.7 2.5 2.2 2.6 1.0

$10,000 to $14,999 38.7 ........................... 14.7 4.3 18.7 5.5 5.0 3.4 3.2 1.6 1.0

$15,000 to $19,999 43.8 ........................... 19.0 3.9 18.4 6.4 5.1 1.8 3.1 2.0 2.6

$20,000 to $24,999 39.9 ........................... 16.9 2.8 18.1 8.4 3.0 3.2 1.9 1.5 2.2

$25,000 to $29,999 46.4 ........................... 24.7 5.6 14.2 4.6 2.6 1.1 3.6 2.3 1.9

$30,000 to $34,999 42.3 ........................... 20.3 4.7 15.5 5.5 3.9 2.9 1.5 1.7 1.9

$35,000 to $39,999 38.4 ........................... 19.4 4.2 13.5 4.3 3.3 1.6 2.4 2.0 1.3

$40,000 to $49,999 73.1 ........................... 43.3 8.2 20.3 7.0 4.9 3.3 1.6 3.6 1.2

$50,000 to $59,999 74.9 ........................... 42.8 9.8 20.6 9.6 4.0 2.9 1.6 2.6 1.6

$60,000 to $79,999 115.2 ........................... 77.5 13.9 23.3 7.9 5.9 4.0 3.4 2.2 .6

$80,000 to $99,999 81.1 ........................... 66.0 6.8 7.7 3.1 1.7 .8 .7 1.4 .6

$100,000 to $119,999 53.3 ......................... 44.1 4.8 4.4 2.2 .9 .5 .4 .4 –

$120,000 or more 115.2 ............................. 100.4 8.6 5.9 2.6 1.1 .6 1.1 .4 .3

Median 51 582 ...................................... 65 082 50 796 30 926 31 556 32 192 31 269 27 682 31 180 28 259

As percent of poverty level:

Less than 50 percent 55.0 .......................... 30.1 5.6 19.0 6.3 4.0 3.3 1.7 3.6 .3

50 to 99 46.0 ..................................... 20.0 4.3 21.1 8.5 4.3 3.3 2.9 2.1 .6

100 to 149 52.4 ................................... 24.6 4.5 22.7 9.5 5.5 2.2 3.6 1.9 .6

150 to 199 50.1 ................................... 26.5 3.6 17.7 5.2 3.4 2.9 3.8 2.4 2.2

200 percent or more 652.2 .......................... 435.6 68.1 136.0 51.5 30.3 20.0 16.7 17.6 12.5

46 AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 2~23. Units in Structure by Selected CharacteristicsmOccupied UnitsmCon.

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Multiunit

Total 1, detached 1, attached Total 2 to 4 5 to 9 10 to 19 20 to 49 50 or more

Mobile

homes

Income of Families and Primary

Individuals

Less than $5,000 52.7 ............................. 29.6 5.2 17.6 5.9 2.7 3.2 2.4 3.4 .3

$5,000 to $9,999 49.0 ............................. 22.6 4.3 20.9 9.0 4.1 2.7 2.4 2.6 1.3

$10,000 to $14,999 43.9 ........................... 16.7 4.5 21.8 6.2 6.0 3.9 3.5 2.2 1.0

$15,000 to $19,999 48.1 ........................... 21.2 4.5 19.9 7.1 5.5 1.8 3.3 2.2 2.6

$20,000 to $24,999 43.5 ........................... 18.9 2.8 19.7 9.1 3.5 3.4 2.2 1.5 2.2

$25,000 to $29,999 47.8 ........................... 25.4 5.4 14.9 4.6 3.3 1.4 3.4 2.3 2.2

$30,000 to $34,999 44.8 ........................... 21.9 5.1 16.1 6.4 3.8 2.7 1.5 1.7 1.6

$35,000 to $39,999 37.1 ........................... 19.2 4.2 12.2 4.1 3.0 1.4 2.3 1.3 1.6

$40,000 to $49,999 75.3 ........................... 46.2 8.4 19.5 6.8 4.2 3.5 1.3 3.5 1.2

$50,000 to $59,999 71.6 ........................... 42.7 9.2 18.2 8.3 3.3 2.6 1.3 2.6 1.6

$60,000 to $79,999 106.5 ........................... 72.8 12.8 20.6 7.2 4.8 3.5 2.7 2.3 .3

$80,000 to $99,999 74.5 ........................... 61.4 6.8 6.0 2.5 1.5 .4 .7 1.0 .3

$100,000 to $119,999 49.8 ......................... 41.2 4.8 3.9 1.3 .8 .7 .7 .4 –

$120,000 or more 110.8 ............................. 97.1 8.2 5.2 2.6 .9 .4 .9 .4 .3

Median 48 074 ...................................... 61 128 48 377 27 800 28 587 27 901 27 937 25 753 29 009 27 107

Monthly Housing Costs

Less than $100 5.5 ............................... 1.8 1.3 1.6 .7 .5 .2 .2 – .9

$100 to $199 28.8 ................................. 18.3 .9 8.3 3.0 1.8 .7 .9 1.9 1.3

$200 to $249 29.6 ................................. 23.2 1.5 4.5 1.4 .9 .7 .7 .9 .3

$250 to $299 33.6 ................................. 26.3 1.5 5.2 1.5 1.4 – 1.0 1.4 .6

$300 to $349 30.2 ................................. 19.6 2.4 6.4 2.6 1.4 1.6 .4 .4 1.8

$350 to $399 26.0 ................................. 17.2 1.3 6.9 3.1 1.1 1.1 .6 .9 .6

$400 to $449 21.8 ................................. 14.1 1.7 5.3 2.5 1.4 .6 .7 .2 .6

$450 to $499 26.7 ................................. 13.8 2.7 9.5 2.7 2.4 1.6 2.2 .6 .7

$500 to $599 61.9 ................................. 25.9 5.5 28.2 8.1 7.9 4.4 5.0 2.8 2.3

$600 to $699 64.2 ................................. 24.6 8.3 28.2 10.2 6.6 4.5 3.9 2.9 3.1

$700 to $799 57.2 ................................. 24.2 5.3 26.1 10.8 4.9 3.2 3.5 3.8 1.5

$800 to $999 107.1 ................................. 43.6 17.4 44.8 17.8 8.6 6.8 5.3 6.3 1.3

$1,000 to $1,249 87.3 ............................. 52.9 11.4 22.6 8.2 4.8 3.9 3.0 2.8 .3

$1,250 to $1,499 70.2 ............................. 53.9 7.6 8.4 3.2 2.0 1.3 .2 1.7 .3

$1,500 or more 196.4 ............................... 171.9 17.0 7.2 4.0 1.8 .4 .2 .8 .3

No cash rent 9.2 ................................. 5.3 .4 3.2 1.1 .2 .7 .9 .3 .3

Median (excludes no cash rent) 871 ............... 1 061 921 710 738 676 703 656 744 552

Monthly Housing Costs as Percent of

Current Income3

Less than 5 percent 33.8 ........................... 27.3 2.5 2.6 1.5 .5 – .7 – 1.2 5 to 9 percent 85.5 ................................ 69.1 5.1 9.9 3.5 2.2 1.1 1.9 1.3 1.3 10 to 14 percent 91.8 .............................. 64.0 9.3 16.3 5.7 3.9 3.0 1.3 2.3 2.2

15 to 19 percent 120.6 .............................. 77.5 12.9 28.1 11.4 6.1 4.7 3.4 2.4 2.1

20 to 24 percent 102.7 .............................. 63.4 14.6 24.1 7.7 6.3 2.9 3.5 3.7 .6

25 to 29 percent 85.3 .............................. 50.1 9.5 23.7 7.3 5.8 3.2 4.2 3.3 1.9

30 to 34 percent 67.9 .............................. 35.2 7.2 23.9 11.0 4.3 3.6 2.0 3.0 1.6

35 to 39 percent 45.8 .............................. 27.8 3.7 13.6 5.3 3.3 2.0 1.3 1.7 .7

40 to 49 percent 60.5 .............................. 34.2 5.3 18.9 6.6 4.3 2.8 3.0 2.0 2.2

50 to 59 percent 34.9 .............................. 18.5 2.6 12.8 4.1 3.3 1.9 2.1 1.4 .9

60 to 69 percent 18.5 .............................. 10.2 2.4 5.9 2.6 1.4 .2 .9 .9 –

70 to 99 percent 28.2 .............................. 12.8 3.8 10.6 3.9 2.1 1.8 1.3 1.5 1.0

100 percent or more4.......................... 50.7 28.7 4.5 17.1 7.2 2.8 2.7 1.9 2.5 .3

Zero or negative income 20.5 ....................... 12.5 2.4 5.6 1.9 .9 1.1 .4 1.3 –

No cash rent 9.2 ................................. 5.3 .4 3.2 1.1 .2 .7 .9 .3 .3

Median (excludes 2 previous lines) 24 ........... 22 24 30 31 29 30 29 30 27

Median (excludes 3 lines before medians) 23 ..... 21 23 28 29 27 28 27 28 26

1For mobile homes, oldest category is 1939 or earlier.

2Figures may not add to total because more than one category may apply to a unit.

3Beginning with 1989 this item uses current income in its calculation, see Appendix A.

4May reflect a temporary situation, living off savings or response error.

AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998 47

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 3~1. Introductory CharacteristicsmOwner Occupied Units

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Selected subareas1

Physical problems

Total

occupied

units

New con~

struction

4 years

Mobile

homes Severe Moderate Black Hispanic

Elderly

(65 years

and

over)

Moved in

past year

Below

poverty

level Area one Area two Area three

Total 508.6 ................................ 27.3 13.5 4.8 11.6 37.6 47.3 114.5 51.8 33.8 59.2 219.2 230.2

Tenure

Owner occupied 508.6 .............................. 27.3 13.5 4.8 11.6 37.6 47.3 114.5 51.8 33.8 59.2 219.2 230.2

Percent of all occupied 100.0 ...................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Renter occupied ... .............................. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Race and Origin

White 365.4 ....................................... 19.2 10.3 3.1 8.8 ... 22.1 92.0 35.6 24.0 30.3 153.6 181.5

Non~Hispanic 343.3 ............................... 19.0 9.7 3.1 8.4 ... ... 86.8 32.8 21.5 27.4 140.6 175.3

Hispanic 22.1 ................................... .2 .6 – .4 ... 22.1 5.1 2.8 2.5 2.9 13.0 6.1

Black 37.6 ........................................ 1.2 1.0 .5 .7 37.6 .4 9.3 3.4 3.9 16.5 10.6 10.5

American Indian, Eskimo, and Aleut 3.4 ............. .2 .3 .2 – ... – .6 .4 .4 .4 1.8 1.1

Asian and Pacific Islander 63.5 ...................... 4.8 .7 .4 1.3 ... 1.2 7.1 8.9 3.4 7.0 36.4 20.1

Other 38.7 ....................................... 1.8 1.2 .6 .7 ... 23.6 5.6 3.5 2.1 4.9 16.8 17.1

Total Hispanic 47.3 ................................ 1.1 1.9 .4 .7 .4 47.3 8.6 5.3 4.6 5.4 24.1 17.9

Units in Structure

1, detached 424.4 .................................. 23.6 ... 3.0 8.8 31.6 40.6 90.6 38.7 28.4 53.0 182.9 188.5

1, attached 41.1 ................................... 3.2 ... .4 – 2.8 3.0 10.3 7.5 1.5 .6 15.3 25.2

2 to 4 15.5 ....................................... .2 ... .4 1.3 1.7 1.1 4.1 2.9 2.4 2.9 7.4 5.2

5 to 9 6.0 ....................................... – ... – .8 – .4 1.9 .4 – .2 2.6 3.2

10 to 19 3.0 ..................................... – ... – – – .2 .9 .2 .2 .2 1.2 1.7

20 to 49 2.0 ..................................... – ... – – – – .9 .4 .5 .9 .7 .4

50 or more 3.0 ................................... – ... – – .4 – .7 .4 .3 .9 1.5 .6

Mobile home or trailer 13.5 ......................... .3 13.5 .9 .6 1.0 1.9 5.2 1.3 .6 .3 7.7 5.5

Cooperatives and Condominiums

Cooperatives 8.0 ................................. .4 – – .7 .2 .2 5.3 .9 .6 – 1.8 6.2

Condominiums 42.3 ............................... 2.3 – .2 .6 2.1 3.4 8.8 8.1 2.2 3.4 20.7 18.3

Year Structure Built2

2000 to 2004 – ................................. – –– – – – – – – – – –

1995 to 1999 25.0 ................................. 25.0 .3 – .3 1.2 1.1 1.8 12.1 .2 1.5 11.2 12.3

1990 to 1994 32.7 ................................. ... 1.2 – .4 1.3 3.4 1.9 4.3 2.1 3.5 11.5 17.7

1985 to 1989 46.3 ................................. ... 1.2 – 1.5 2.2 3.3 5.6 6.6 2.3 3.2 18.0 25.1

1980 to 1984 27.6 ................................. ... – .2 .4 1.0 1.3 5.0 2.7 .9 .6 10.1 16.9

1975 to 1979 43.6 ................................. ... 3.2 .4 1.2 2.5 3.1 7.8 4.6 1.9 1.6 15.4 26.7

1970 to 1974 41.5 ................................. ... 2.8 .5 1.1 2.8 3.6 7.4 1.8 1.6 2.5 18.5 20.4

1960 to 1969 94.9 ................................. ... 4.7 .8 1.4 4.2 9.5 26.4 5.7 6.9 5.5 43.9 45.5

1950 to 1959 84.2 ................................. ... – .6 .2 5.5 11.0 26.4 4.6 5.9 6.2 38.8 39.2

1940 to 1949 44.7 ................................. ... – 1.1 1.8 5.0 5.3 12.5 1.9 4.5 9.0 19.7 16.0

1930 to 1939 24.1 ................................. ... – .4 1.3 5.7 2.7 6.8 3.6 2.4 9.9 8.3 5.9

1920 to 1929 25.1 ................................. ... – .4 .4 4.0 2.4 8.3 2.2 3.3 8.2 13.6 3.3

1919 or earlier 19.0 ................................ ... – .2 1.5 2.2 .7 4.6 1.8 1.8 7.4 10.4 1.3

Median 1966 ...................................... 1995+ 1974 ... 1964 1954 1962 1959 1980 1958 1945 1964 1971

1See back cover for details.

2For mobile home, oldest category is 1939 or earlier.

48 AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 3~2. Height and Condition of BuildingmOwner Occupied Units

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Selected subareas1

Physical problems Total

occupied

units

New con~

struction

4 years

Mobile

homes Severe Moderate Black Hispanic

Elderly

(65 years

and over)

Moved in

past year

Below

poverty

level Area one Area two Area three

Total 508.6 ................................ 27.3 13.5 4.8 11.6 37.6 47.3 114.5 51.8 33.8 59.2 219.2 230.2

Stories in Structure2

1 260.2 ........................................... 7.3 ... 2.8 3.9 19.1 32.0 68.4 22.1 18.3 17.9 112.2 130.2 2 189.6 ........................................... 18.1 ... .9 5.5 14.8 10.5 30.6 23.7 12.0 27.0 79.0 83.5 3 37.4 ........................................... 1.5 ... .2 1.1 2.2 2.4 7.9 4.3 1.9 11.0 16.5 9.8 4 to 6 6.8 ....................................... – ... – .4 .4 .4 2.2 .4 .9 2.4 3.4 1.0 7 or more 1.1 .................................... – ... – – – – .2 – – .4 .4 .2

Stories Between Main and Apartment

Entrances

Multiunits, 2 or more floors 23.7 ............. – ... – 2.0 1.5 1.6 6.5 3.0 2.2 3.1 11.6 9.0

None (on same floor) 10.9 .......................... – ... – .9 .9 1.1 2.4 1.8 .6 .9 6.1 3.9

1 (up or down) 7.4 ................................ – ... – .6 .2 .4 2.8 .8 .6 .7 2.6 4.1

2 or more (up or down) 5.5 ........................ – ... – .4 .4 – 1.4 .4 .9 1.6 2.8 1.1

Common Stairways

Multiunits, 2 or more floors 23.7 ............. – ... – 2.0 1.5 1.6 6.5 3.0 2.2 3.1 11.6 9.0

No common stairways 4.5 ......................... – ... – .2 .2 .2 .4 .6 .4 – 2.8 1.8

With common stairways 16.8 ....................... – ... – 1.5 1.1 .9 6.1 2.0 1.5 2.7 7.7 6.4

No loose steps 14.9 ............................. – ... – 1.5 .9 .9 5.9 1.5 1.3 2.2 6.9 5.8

Railings not loose 13.8 ......................... – ... – 1.1 .6 .9 5.7 1.3 1.3 1.8 6.4 5.6

Railings loose .2 ............................ – ... – – – – – – – – .2 –

No railings .9 ............................... – ... – .4 .2 – .2 .2 – .4 .2 .2

Status of railings not reported – .............. – ... – – – – – – – – – –

Loose steps 1.9 ................................ – ... – – .2 – .2 .4 .2 .4 .8 .6

Railings not loose 1.7 ......................... – ... – – .2 – .2 .4 .2 .4 .8 .4

Railings loose .2 ............................ – ... – – – – – – – – – .2

No railings – ............................... – ... – – – – – – – – – –

Status of railings not reported – .............. – ... – – – – – – – – – –

Status of stairways not reported 2.5 ................ – ... – .2 .2 .4 – .4 .2 .4 1.1 .9

Light Fixtures in Public Halls

2 or more units in structure 29.6 ............. .2 ... .4 2.2 2.2 1.8 8.5 4.3 3.3 5.2 13.3 11.1

No public halls 6.0 ................................ – ... .4 .6 .5 .2 .9 1.1 .6 1.1 3.2 1.7

No light fixtures in public halls .5 .................. – ... – – – – .3 – .3 .3 – .2

All in working order 18.3 ............................ .2 ... – 1.3 1.3 .9 7.1 2.2 1.7 2.9 7.5 7.9

Some in working order .7 ......................... – ... – – – – – – – .2 .5 –

None in working order .4 ......................... – ... – – – .2 .2 .2 .2 – .2 .2

Not reported 3.8 ................................. – ... – .2 .4 .4 – .9 .5 .7 2.0 1.1

Elevator on Floor

Multiunits, 2 or more floors 23.7 ............. – ... – 2.0 1.5 1.6 6.5 3.0 2.2 3.1 11.6 9.0

With 1 or more elevators working 4.8 ............... – ... – – .6 – 1.1 .8 .5 1.1 2.6 1.0

With elevator, none in working condition – ......... – ... – – – – – – – – – –

No elevator 19.0 .................................. – ... – 2.0 .9 1.6 5.4 2.2 1.7 2.0 9.0 8.0

Units 3 or more floors from main entrance .2 ...... – ... – – – – – – – – .2 –

Foundation

1 unit bldg. excl. mobile homes 465.5 ......... 26.7 ... 3.4 8.8 34.4 43.6 100.9 46.2 29.9 53.7 198.2 213.6 With basement under all of building 20.6 ............. – ... – 1.1 4.4 2.4 8.1 1.6 3.5 9.9 7.8 2.8 With basement under part of building 34.4 ............ .2 ... .4 1.5 2.9 2.2 8.5 3.4 3.3 14.4 16.0 4.0 With crawl space 258.7 ............................. 4.2 ... 2.3 3.2 15.3 24.4 58.8 16.3 13.7 19.8 108.0 130.9 On concrete slab 142.7 ............................. 22.3 ... .7 2.9 10.7 14.1 23.1 24.3 8.9 7.3 61.9 73.5 Other 9.1 ....................................... – ... – – 1.1 .4 2.4 .7 .4 2.2 4.5 2.4

External Building Conditions3

Sagging roof 13.7 ................................. .2 1.2 .2 .2 1.3 .6 2.4 .9 .4 1.8 6.1 5.8

Missing roofing material 25.8 ....................... .2 .6 .9 1.3 2.0 1.7 4.5 1.7 .4 3.6 10.3 11.9

Hole in roof 16.3 .................................. .2 .9 .4 1.7 2.2 1.3 4.1 1.1 1.1 4.2 5.1 7.0

Missing bricks, siding, other outside wall material 12.0 . .4 .3 .4 .6 2.9 .9 1.4 1.5 2.0 3.1 4.7 4.1

Sloping outside walls 10.6 .......................... .2 1.5 .2 .7 1.3 1.0 .9 1.1 .4 1.8 4.3 4.5

Boarded up windows 3.8 .......................... – .3 – .2 .7 .4 .9 .4 .2 1.1 1.4 1.3

Broken windows 20.1 .............................. .5 .6 .4 .9 3.1 2.5 2.7 1.3 1.4 4.1 10.9 5.1

Bars on windows 30.1 ............................. – .3 .2 .2 11.2 4.0 12.0 1.7 2.4 14.7 8.1 7.3 Foundation crumbling or has open crack or hole 16.1 .. – .6 .2 1.7 2.2 .9 3.1 1.3 1.7 2.9 8.1 5.0 None of the above 370.1 ............................ 24.2 10.2 2.4 5.7 16.6 34.5 85.4 38.3 23.7 31.4 165.5 173.1 Not reported 33.2 ................................. 2.1 .9 .2 .9 4.9 2.8 4.7 5.2 4.0 4.7 10.5 17.9

Site Placement

Mobile homes 13.5 ........................ .3 13.5 .9 .6 1.0 1.9 5.2 1.3 .6 .3 7.7 5.5

First site 8.9 ..................................... .3 8.9 – – .7 1.3 3.9 .9 .3 – 5.5 3.3

Moved from another site .9 ....................... – .9 .9 – – – .3 – – – – .9

Don’t know 3.1 ................................... – 3.1 – .6 – .6 .6 .4 – – 2.2 .9

Not reported .6 ................................. – .6 – – .3 – .3 – .3 .3 – .3

Previous Occupancy

Unit built 1990 or later 57.7 ................. 27.3 1.6 – .8 2.6 4.5 3.7 16.4 2.3 5.0 22.7 30.0 Not previously occupied 39.9 ....................... 22.8 .6 – .5 1.3 2.1 3.0 9.8 1.5 3.2 15.2 21.5 Not reported 7.0 ................................. 1.9 .3 – .2 .6 1.2 .5 1.2 .6 .7 2.8 3.5

1See back cover for details.

2Figures exclude mobile homes.

3Figures may not add to total because more than one category may apply to a unit.

AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998 49

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 3~3. Size of Unit and LotmOwner Occupied Units

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Selected subareas1

Physical problems Total

occupied

units

New con~

struction

4 years

Mobile

homes Severe Moderate Black Hispanic

Elderly

(65 years

and over)

Moved in

past year

Below

poverty

level Area one Area two Area three

Total 508.6 ................................ 27.3 13.5 4.8 11.6 37.6 47.3 114.5 51.8 33.8 59.2 219.2 230.2

Rooms

1 room .4 ...................................... – – – – – – .2 – – .2 – .2

2 rooms 2.5 ..................................... – .3 – – .8 – – .2 .2 .7 1.2 .6

3 rooms 9.5 ..................................... .2 2.2 .3 – .8 – 1.6 2.2 1.1 1.9 5.1 2.4

4 rooms 47.2 ..................................... .8 4.1 .9 2.5 3.3 5.9 13.1 7.5 3.0 4.2 22.3 20.6

5 rooms 112.0 ..................................... 3.9 4.7 1.7 2.8 10.8 14.9 30.4 13.9 9.6 13.3 47.6 51.0

6 rooms 115.9 ..................................... 5.4 2.2 1.3 1.6 10.9 13.3 34.8 7.1 10.5 15.5 50.9 49.5

7 rooms 103.4 ..................................... 6.1 – .2 2.6 5.4 7.9 16.3 11.2 5.0 10.2 44.8 48.4

8 rooms 73.8 ..................................... 6.7 – .2 1.4 4.3 3.2 11.0 4.8 2.3 6.8 30.2 36.7

9 rooms 29.4 ..................................... 2.9 – – .7 .9 1.9 4.1 3.6 1.5 3.1 11.0 15.3

10 rooms or more 14.5 ............................. 1.1 – – – .4 .2 2.9 1.3 .5 3.2 5.9 5.3

Median 6.2 ...................................... 7.0 4.5 ... 5.8 5.8 5.7 5.8 5.8 5.8 6.1 6.2 6.3

Rooms Used for Business2

Business only 1 or more rooms with direct access ... ........... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 1 or more rooms, no direct access ... ............ ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Business and other use

1 or more rooms ... ............................ ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Not reported ... ............................... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Bedrooms

None .9 ........................................ – – – – – – .4 – – .7 – .2

1 12.7 ........................................... .2 2.8 .3 – .6 .5 3.2 2.9 .9 1.8 6.9 4.0

2 103.1 ........................................... 2.1 8.8 2.1 3.2 11.4 8.9 36.3 12.9 9.1 18.0 43.7 41.4

3 233.8 ........................................... 11.6 1.9 2.1 5.5 18.3 27.9 54.2 22.7 17.7 26.5 102.6 104.8

4 or more 158.2 .................................... 13.4 – .2 2.9 7.3 10.0 20.4 13.4 6.1 12.2 66.1 79.9

Median 3.1 ...................................... 3.5 1.9 ... 3.0 2.9 3.0 2.8 2.9 2.9 2.8 3.1 3.2

Complete Bathrooms

None 5.4 ........................................ .2 .6 .3 .2 1.4 .2 .4 1.1 .9 1.6 1.6 2.2 1 93.1 ........................................... .4 5.3 2.8 3.3 14.0 13.5 30.1 9.7 10.6 18.0 41.4 33.8 1 and one~half 56.0 ................................ .4 .6 .7 .4 6.8 5.7 17.2 4.1 3.1 8.4 25.3 22.4 2 or more 354.1 .................................... 26.2 6.9 1.0 7.6 15.3 27.9 66.8 36.9 19.3 31.2 151.0 171.8

Square Footage of Unit

Single detached and mobile homes 437.9 ..... 23.9 13.5 3.9 9.4 32.6 42.5 95.8 40.0 29.0 53.4 190.7 193.9

Less than 500 2.5 ................................ – 1.0 .3 – 1.2 .8 – – .4 1.1 .9 .5

500 to 749 3.8 ................................... – 1.8 .9 .3 – .2 1.7 .2 .2 .4 1.2 2.1

750 to 999 14.9 ................................... .2 1.6 – .4 .9 1.4 3.6 1.9 1.2 1.5 6.3 7.1

1,000 to 1,499 96.9 ................................ 3.4 4.6 1.3 1.8 5.9 11.1 21.7 8.3 5.5 7.1 49.6 40.1 1,500 to 1,999 110.2 ................................ 5.1 .7 .6 1.7 6.9 9.6 21.5 9.1 6.7 10.2 48.1 51.9 2,000 to 2,499 75.4 ................................ 5.0 – .4 1.9 3.1 4.3 13.0 7.8 3.7 7.5 32.1 35.7 2,500 to 2,999 34.4 ................................ 4.6 .3 – 1.0 1.9 1.5 5.9 3.4 2.4 3.1 13.1 18.2 3,000 to 3,999 25.5 ................................ 3.4 – – .4 .9 1.3 4.2 1.7 1.3 4.1 10.8 10.6 4,000 or more 14.3 ................................ 1.4 – .2 .2 1.5 .2 3.3 1.8 .9 3.6 3.3 7.5 Not reported 60.0 ................................. .7 3.5 .2 1.6 10.4 12.1 20.9 5.9 6.7 14.7 25.3 20.0 Median 1 822 ...................................... 2 291 1 063 ... 1 899 1 724 1 586 1 742 1 864 1 784 1 950 1 757 1 856

Lot Size3

Less than one~eighth acre 113.8 ..................... 7.9 10.4 1.0 4.3 11.0 13.1 28.0 13.2 8.8 14.3 68.3 31.2 One~eighth up to one~quarter acre 182.4 .............. 10.3 2.5 1.7 2.5 14.4 21.2 39.7 17.5 9.3 22.1 82.5 77.8 One~quarter up to one~half acre 100.4 ................. 3.8 – .9 1.5 5.6 5.5 19.3 6.3 6.4 11.8 29.1 59.5 One~half up to one acre 27.2 ........................ 2.3 – – .2 1.9 1.1 5.1 3.0 1.5 2.4 5.5 19.2 1 up to 5 acres 17.0 ............................... .2 – – .7 – 1.1 3.8 .7 1.3 1.8 3.2 12.0 5 up to 10 acres 1.8 .............................. – – – – .2 .2 .4 – .4 .2 1.1 .4 10 acres or more 5.5 ............................. – .6 .6 – .4 .5 1.9 .4 .9 .5 2.0 3.0 Median .20 ...................................... .18 .13~ ... .14 .18 .18 .19 .18 .20 .20 .17 .24

Persons per Room

0.50 or less 373.7 .................................. 22.2 10.4 2.7 6.7 28.7 24.3 106.3 39.1 28.4 45.6 156.2 171.9 0.51 to 1.00 126.2 .................................. 5.1 3.1 2.1 4.9 8.4 19.7 7.5 11.9 4.8 12.1 58.5 55.7 1.01 to 1.50 7.6 .................................. – – – – .4 2.9 .7 .9 .6 1.3 3.9 2.4 1.51 or more 1.1 ................................. – – – – – .4 – – – .2 .7 .2

Persons per Bedroom

0.50 or less 145.0 .................................. 6.8 5.1 1.2 3.2 13.2 8.2 55.0 14.3 12.8 17.3 57.5 70.1 0.51 to 1.00 252.6 .................................. 16.2 5.6 2.0 4.6 16.8 17.6 52.5 27.2 15.9 28.3 108.4 115.9 1.01 to 1.50 71.8 .................................. 4.0 1.3 .8 2.7 4.8 12.9 3.2 7.5 2.5 7.6 34.2 30.0 1.51 or more 38.4 ................................. .2 1.6 .8 1.1 2.9 8.5 3.4 2.8 2.6 5.3 19.1 14.0

No bedrooms .9 ................................. – – – – – – .4 – – .7 – .2

Square Feet per Person

Single detached and mobile homes 437.9 ..... 23.9 13.5 3.9 9.4 32.6 42.5 95.8 40.0 29.0 53.4 190.7 193.9

Less than 200 5.5 ................................ – 1.0 .3 – 1.5 1.2 .2 – .4 1.6 2.2 1.8

200 to 299 18.1 ................................... – .3 – .9 .2 3.2 .9 1.4 .9 1.1 9.5 7.5

300 to 399 34.8 ................................... 1.0 1.5 .8 .7 2.8 5.5 3.4 2.5 1.3 3.5 15.2 16.1

400 to 499 43.2 ................................... 1.9 .9 .6 1.3 2.7 5.1 4.4 5.0 1.2 1.8 21.6 19.8

500 to 599 40.8 ................................... 2.7 .7 .2 1.5 1.7 2.8 5.8 4.7 1.3 4.0 18.9 17.9

600 to 699 39.9 ................................... 2.9 .9 – .2 2.4 2.1 4.4 4.3 1.6 2.4 20.6 16.9

700 to 799 34.1 ................................... 2.9 1.2 .9 .6 1.5 1.5 6.7 3.2 .9 2.5 15.8 15.9

800 to 899 28.2 ................................... 3.0 .7 – .2 .4 1.9 6.5 1.7 2.3 2.7 11.0 14.5

900 to 999 21.1 ................................... .7 .4 – – 1.3 1.2 6.1 1.5 2.1 2.6 8.2 10.3

1,000 to 1,499 69.9 ................................ 5.6 2.2 .6 1.2 3.7 4.4 21.7 5.8 6.2 8.5 27.2 34.2

1,500 or more 42.3 ................................ 2.5 .3 .2 1.1 3.9 1.5 14.7 4.1 4.1 8.0 15.3 19.0 Not reported 60.0 ................................. .7 3.5 .2 1.6 10.4 12.1 20.9 5.9 6.7 14.7 25.3 20.0 Median 720 ...................................... 806 672 ... 563 690 510 983 682 962 892 675 744

1See back cover for details.

2Figures may not add to total because more than one category may apply to a unit.

3Does not include multiunits, cooperatives or condominiums.

50 AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 3~4. Selected Equipment and PlumbingmOwner Occupied Units

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Selected subareas1

Physical problems Total

occupied

units

New con~

struction

4 years

Mobile

homes Severe Moderate Black Hispanic

Elderly

(65 years

and over)

Moved in

past year

Below

poverty

level Area one Area two Area three

Total 508.6 ................................ 27.3 13.5 4.8 11.6 37.6 47.3 114.5 51.8 33.8 59.2 219.2 230.2

Equipment2

Lacking complete kitchen facilities 4.8 .............. .1 .3 .6 4.2 .7 .2 1.1 1.6 .5 .7 2.3 1.8 With complete kitchen (sink, refrigerator, and oven

or burners) 503.8 .................................. 27.2 13.2 4.2 7.3 36.9 47.1 113.4 50.2 33.4 58.5 217.0 228.4 Kitchen sink 507.8 .................................. 27.2 13.5 4.8 10.8 37.6 47.3 114.2 51.5 33.8 59.2 218.5 230.2 Refrigerator 507.6 .................................. 27.2 13.5 4.8 10.6 37.4 47.3 114.4 51.5 33.8 59.0 218.7 230.0 Cooking stove or range 504.4 ........................ 26.9 13.2 4.2 9.9 36.5 47.1 113.6 51.0 33.6 57.8 218.0 228.6 Burners, no stove or range – ..................... – –– – – – – – – – – – Microwave oven only 2.9 .......................... .3 – .2 .8 .9 – .3 .6 – 1.1 1.2 .6 Dishwasher 404.5 .................................. 26.8 7.6 2.5 7.8 18.8 29.4 81.6 43.7 23.2 35.3 172.8 196.4 Washing machine 465.6 ............................. 26.6 8.5 3.9 10.3 33.3 43.5 101.6 46.3 29.0 52.3 202.8 210.5 Clothes dryer 455.5 ................................. 26.1 8.2 3.4 10.2 31.4 41.1 95.2 45.4 27.6 49.2 198.3 208.0 Disposal in kitchen sink 400.5 ........................ 26.4 7.9 2.4 7.2 19.3 32.0 78.1 44.4 21.5 36.2 171.1 193.1 Trash compactor 47.9 ............................. 5.5 .3 .2 .7 2.7 1.5 4.5 6.4 2.2 3.6 16.9 27.4

Air conditioning:

Central 191.6 .................................... 21.7 4.7 .6 3.1 3.0 13.6 39.8 24.1 10.5 3.8 54.2 133.6

Additional Central 17.2 ........................... 3.4 .3 – .4 – 1.5 3.1 2.1 1.1 .4 6.9 9.8

1 room unit 43.8 ................................ .8 3.7 .7 1.4 4.3 4.4 11.5 4.1 4.3 4.5 15.4 23.9

2 room units 10.1 ............................... .2 .6 .3 .2 .7 2.0 2.7 .4 .4 .7 4.0 5.4

3 room units or more 7.8 ........................ – – – .7 .9 .9 1.7 .9 .9 1.4 3.3 3.2

Main Heating Equipment

Warm~air furnace 431.3 ............................. 26.2 12.0 2.8 9.1 28.8 36.7 92.8 45.7 27.7 45.2 188.4 197.7 Steam or hot water system 7.0 ..................... .7 .3 .5 – .9 .7 1.5 .7 .4 .9 2.9 3.2 Electric heat pump 4.5 ............................ .4 – – .2 .5 .4 2.4 .4 .2 .5 1.3 2.8 Built~in electric units 12.2 ........................... – – – .2 2.6 1.5 4.5 1.3 1.7 3.7 4.1 4.4 Floor, wall, or other built~in hot air units without ducts 43.4 ....................................... – .3 .9 .9 4.6 5.5 10.8 3.3 2.9 7.8 18.5 17.0 Room heaters with flue 3.0 ........................ – – – – – 1.8 .2 .4 .4 .7 1.3 1.0 Room heaters without flue .7 ..................... – .3 – .7 – – .5 – – – .2 .5 Portable electric heaters 1.2 ....................... – .3 .3 – – – .7 – .2 – .4 .7 Stoves 1.3 ...................................... – – – – – – .2 – .2 – .7 .7 Fireplaces with inserts .6 ......................... – – – .2 – – .2 – – – – .6 Fireplaces without inserts .6 ...................... – – – .2 – – – – – .2 – .4 Other 1.8 ....................................... – .3 .2 – .2 .3 .2 – – – 1.0 .8 Cooking stove – ................................ – –– – – – – – – – – – None .8 ........................................ – – – – – .4 .4 – – .2 .4 .2

Other Heating Equipment2

Warm~air furnace 4.0 ............................. – .3 – .2 .2 – 1.8 .2 .2 .2 1.3 2.5

Steam or hot water system .2 ..................... – – – – .2 – – – .2 .2 – – Electric heat pump 1.1 ............................ – – – – – – .9 .2 – – – 1.1 Built~in electric units 16.7 ........................... – – .2 .7 .9 .4 4.1 .9 1.6 2.7 8.7 5.3 Floor, wall, or other built~in hot~air units without ducts 4.3 ....................................... – – .2 – .9 .4 .9 – .2 1.1 2.4 .8 Room heaters with flue 2.6 ........................ – – – .2 – .2 .6 .5 .5 .7 1.3 .6 Room heaters without flue 2.9 ..................... – – – – .2 .4 .9 .2 .5 1.3 .7 .8 Portable electric heaters 99.0 ....................... 1.7 2.5 1.7 2.9 7.7 8.2 23.5 6.4 5.4 15.0 44.2 39.9 Stoves 19.3 ...................................... .4 – .2 .9 .6 1.7 3.4 1.1 1.1 1.8 9.2 8.3 Fireplaces with inserts 39.2 ......................... .9 – – .9 1.9 4.9 7.1 3.7 1.7 4.4 16.7 18.1 Fireplaces without inserts 51.2 ...................... 3.1 – .9 2.0 3.5 5.5 5.4 7.0 3.4 4.4 20.1 26.7 Other 3.9 ....................................... – – – .4 – – 1.1 .2 – .5 2.0 1.5 Cooking stove 3.7 ................................ – – – – .7 .4 1.9 .2 .6 .7 1.1 1.9 None 297.4 ........................................ 20.6 10.4 2.0 4.5 20.7 28.4 70.9 32.3 22.0 31.0 131.0 135.4

Used as parallel heating equipment2 .... 31.2 .4 .3 .7 1.3 2.0 3.0 7.3 1.7 1.7 4.4 15.0 11.8

Warm~air furnace 3.1 ............................. – .3 – – – – 1.6 – – – 1.1 2.0

Steam or hot water system – ..................... – –– – – – – – – – – –

Electric heat pump .2 ............................ – – – – – – .2 – – – – .2

Built~in electric units 9.7 ........................... – – – .4 .5 .2 2.0 .2 .4 1.6 5.2 3.0

Floor, wall, or other built~in hot~air units without

ducts 2.7 ....................................... – – .2 – .7 .2 .5 – – .9 1.3 .4

Room heaters with flue .8 ........................ – – – – – – .2 .2 – – .6 .2

Stoves 4.3 ...................................... – – – .4 .2 .4 1.3 – .6 .4 2.4 1.5

Fireplaces with inserts 3.9 ......................... .2 – – – .2 1.3 1.3 .7 .2 .7 2.2 1.1

Fireplaces with no inserts 6.6 ...................... .2 – .5 .2 .4 .9 .2 .4 .4 1.1 2.4 3.1

Cooking stove .7 ................................ – – – – .5 – .4 – .2 .2 .2 .2

Other .8 ....................................... – – – .2 – – – .2 – .2 – .6

Used as supplemental heating

equipment2 ......................... 171.7 5.7 2.5 2.3 5.1 12.0 16.1 35.6 15.1 9.5 21.0 74.6 76.1

Warm~air furnace .6 ............................. – – – – – – .2 .2 .2 – .2 .4

Steam or hot water system .2 ..................... – – – – .2 – – – .2 .2 – –

Electric heat pump .9 ............................ – – – – – – .6 .2 – – – .9

Built~in electric units 6.5 ........................... – – .2 .2 .4 .2 1.9 .5 1.1 1.1 3.2 2.1

Floor, wall, or other built~in hot~air units without

ducts 1.7 ....................................... – – – – .2 .2 .4 – .2 .2 1.1 .4

Room heaters with flue ........................ 1.8 – – – .2 – .2 .4 .2 .5 .7 .7 .4

Room heaters without flue 2.9 ..................... – – – – .2 .4 .9 .2 .5 1.3 .7 .8

Portable electric heaters 99.0 ....................... 1.7 2.5 1.7 2.9 7.7 8.2 23.5 6.4 5.4 15.0 44.2 39.9

Stoves 15.0 ...................................... .4 – .2 .4 .4 1.3 2.1 1.1 .5 1.3 6.9 6.8

Fireplaces with inserts 26.0 ......................... .6 – – .2 1.3 2.8 4.7 1.5 1.3 2.0 11.1 12.9

Fireplaces with no inserts 44.0 ...................... 2.9 – .4 1.7 3.1 4.6 5.0 6.6 2.9 3.3 17.5 23.2

Cooking stove 3.0 ................................ – – – – .2 .4 1.5 .2 .4 .4 .9 1.7

Other 2.8 ....................................... – – – .2 – – 1.1 – – .2 2.0 .7

Plumbing

With all plumbing facilities 505.8 ...................... 27.3 12.6 1.9 11.6 37.4 47.3 113.6 51.8 33.8 58.5 218.4 228.9

Lacking some or all plumbing facilities2 .......... 2.8 – .9 2.8 – .2 – 1.0 – – .7 .8 1.3

No hot piped water .3 .......................... – .3 .3 – – – .3 – – – – .3

No bathtub nor shower – ...................... – –– – – – – – – – – –

No flush toilet .9 .............................. – .9 .9 – – – .3 – – – – .9

No exclusive use 1.9 ........................... – – 1.9 – .2 – .6 – – .7 .8 .4

AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998 51

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 3~4. Selected Equipment and PlumbingmOwner Occupied UnitsmCon.

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Selected subareas1

Physical problems Total

occupied

units

New con~

struction

4 years

Mobile

homes Severe Moderate Black Hispanic

Elderly

(65 years

and over)

Moved in

past year

Below

poverty

level Area one Area two Area three

Primary Source of Water

Public system or private company 504.5 ............... 27.3 13.2 4.5 11.6 37.6 46.9 112.7 51.6 33.0 59.2 218.1 227.2 Well serving 1 to 5 units 3.8 ....................... – .3 .3 – – .2 1.8 .2 .8 – .9 3.0 Drilled 3.5 ..................................... – – – – – .2 1.5 .2 .8 – .9 2.6 Dug – ....................................... – –– – – – – – – – – – Not reported .3 ............................... – .3 .3 – – – .3 – – – – .3 Other .2 ....................................... – – – – – .2 – – – – .2 –

Safety of Primary Source of Water

Selected primary water sources3........ 508.6 27.3 13.5 4.8 11.6 37.6 47.3 114.5 51.8 33.8 59.2 219.2 230.2 Safe to drink 399.3 ................................. 20.5 9.1 3.2 7.3 27.0 31.1 95.7 37.5 23.2 45.5 172.9 180.9 Not safe to drink 95.0 .............................. 6.0 4.1 1.6 3.5 7.9 15.1 16.8 12.1 8.3 11.2 40.3 43.6 Safety not reported 14.2 ........................... .7 .3 – .8 2.7 1.1 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6 6.0 5.7

Source of Drinking Water

Primary source not safe to drink 95.0 ........ 6.0 4.1 1.6 3.5 7.9 15.1 16.8 12.1 8.3 11.2 40.3 43.6 Drinking and primary water source the same 8.5 ..... .4 .3 – .2 1.3 .8 1.9 1.2 .9 1.6 3.1 3.8 Public or private system 8.5 ..................... .4 .3 – .2 1.3 .8 1.9 1.2 .9 1.6 3.1 3.8 Individual well – .............................. – –– – – – – – – – – – Spring – ..................................... – –– – – – – – – – – – Cistern – .................................... – –– – – – – – – – – – Stream or lake – ............................. – –– – – – – – – – – – Other – ..................................... – –– – – – – – – – – – Drinking and primary water source different 86.3 ...... 5.6 3.8 1.6 3.3 6.4 14.3 14.9 10.9 7.4 9.6 37.1 39.6 Public or private system – ..................... – –– – – – – – – – – – Individual well – .............................. – –– – – – – – – – – – Spring .5 ..................................... .2 – – – – – – – – .2 .2 – Cistern – .................................... – –– – – – – – – – – – Stream or lake .2 ............................. – – – – – – .2 – – – – .2 Commercial bottled water 62.1 .................... 3.4 3.5 1.2 2.2 4.4 11.3 10.8 8.1 4.6 5.6 26.3 30.2 Other 23.6 ..................................... 1.9 .3 .4 1.1 1.9 3.0 3.9 2.8 2.8 3.8 10.6 9.2 Source of drinking water not reported .2 ............ – – – – .2 – – – – – – .2

Means of Sewage Disposal

Public sewer 499.1 ................................. 27.3 11.9 3.9 11.3 37.6 46.6 111.2 51.4 32.3 59.2 216.7 223.2 Septic tank, cesspool, chemical toilet 9.2 ............ – 1.3 .6 .3 – .7 3.3 .4 1.5 – 2.5 6.7

Other .3 ....................................... – .3 .3 – – – – – – – – .3

1See back cover for details.

2Figures may not add to total because more than one category may apply to a unit.

3Excludes units where primary source of water is commercial bottled water.

52 AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 3~5. FuelsmOwner Occupied Units

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Selected subareas1

Physical problems Total

occupied

units

New con~

struction

4 years

Mobile

homes Severe Moderate Black Hispanic

Elderly

(65 years

and over)

Moved in

past year

Below

poverty

level Area one Area two Area three

Total 508.6 ................................ 27.3 13.5 4.8 11.6 37.6 47.3 114.5 51.8 33.8 59.2 219.2 230.2

Main House Heating Fuel

Housing units with heating fuel 507.5 ......... 27.3 13.5 4.8 11.6 37.6 46.9 114.1 51.8 33.8 59.0 218.6 230.0 Electricity 74.8 .................................... 4.2 1.6 .5 1.3 7.9 6.5 16.9 10.8 6.6 9.8 29.3 35.7 Piped gas 422.1 .................................... 23.1 9.5 3.4 9.5 29.1 39.3 95.3 40.8 26.4 48.9 184.4 188.7 Bottled gas 4.8 ................................... – 2.1 .6 .3 .3 .3 1.0 – .7 – 2.5 2.3 Fuel oil .5 ...................................... – – – – – – .2 – – .2 .2 – Kerosene or other liquid fuel .4 .................... – – .2 .2 – – .2 – – – .2 .2 Coal or coke – ................................. – –– – – – – – – – – – Wood 2.8 ....................................... – – – .2 – .2 .2 – .2 – .5 2.3 Solar energy .4 ................................. – – – – – .2 – .2 – – .4 – Other 1.8 ....................................... – .3 – – .2 .3 .2 – – – 1.0 .8

Other House Heating Fuels2

With other heating fuel 195.4 ........................ 6.1 2.8 2.5 6.0 13.6 18.2 41.1 16.8 10.3 24.8 83.0 87.7

Electricity 111.8 .................................. 1.7 2.5 1.9 3.6 8.5 8.4 27.4 7.0 6.3 16.5 50.0 45.3

Piped gas 20.7 .................................. 1.3 – .2 .4 1.8 1.7 4.6 2.6 1.3 2.7 9.1 8.9

Bottled gas .5 ................................. – .3 – – – – .5 – – – .2 .3

Fuel oil 2.5 .................................... – – – – – .2 .4 .2 .2 1.1 .7 .7

Kerosene or other liquid fuel .9 .................. – – – – .2 .4 .4 – .2 .4 .2 .2

Coal or coke – ............................... – –– – – – – – – – – –

Wood 88.5 ..................................... 2.6 – .7 2.8 5.6 10.0 11.9 9.2 5.5 9.4 36.1 43.0

Solar energy – ............................... – –– – – – – – – – – –

Other 6.5 ..................................... .6 – .2 .7 – .4 1.7 .8 – .2 3.0 3.3

Cooking Fuel

With cooking fuel 507.4 ..................... 27.3 13.2 4.5 10.7 37.4 47.1 114.0 51.6 33.6 58.9 219.2 229.2

Electricity 291.7 .................................... 5.1 2.0 1.5 4.9 15.6 22.9 73.8 23.4 22.0 21.9 127.2 142.6

Piped gas 210.7 .................................... 22.2 9.0 2.4 5.5 21.4 23.9 39.6 28.2 11.4 37.0 90.0 83.7

Bottled gas 3.7 ................................... – 2.1 .6 .3 .3 .3 .6 – .2 – 1.6 2.1

Kerosene or other liquid fuel .2 .................... – – – – – – – – – – – .2

Coal or coke – ................................. – –– – – – – – – – – –

Wood – ....................................... – –– – – – – – – – – –

Other 1.1 ....................................... – – – – – – – – – – .4 .6

Water Heating Fuel

With hot piped water 508.3 .................. 27.3 13.2 4.5 11.6 37.6 47.3 114.2 51.8 33.8 59.2 219.2 229.9

Electricity 37.6 .................................... 1.9 1.3 .2 1.1 2.4 3.8 10.7 5.7 3.5 2.9 15.3 19.4

Piped gas 463.7 .................................... 25.3 9.8 3.7 10.2 34.8 43.2 101.3 46.2 29.7 56.2 200.6 206.9

Bottled gas 4.6 ................................... – 2.1 .6 .3 .3 .3 1.0 – .7 – 2.3 2.3

Fuel oil .2 ...................................... – – – – – – – – – – .2 –

Kerosene or other liquid fuel – .................... – –– – – – – – – – – –

Coal or coke – ................................. – –– – – – – – – – – –

Wood .2 ....................................... – – – – – – – – – – – .2

Solar energy 1.7 ................................. – – – – – – .9 – – – .6 1.1

Other .2 ....................................... – – – – – – .2 – – – .2 –

Central Air Conditioning Fuel

With central air conditioning 191.6 ............ 21.7 4.7 .6 3.1 3.0 13.6 39.8 24.1 10.5 3.8 54.2 133.6 Electricity 175.1 .................................... 20.6 4.7 .6 2.9 2.8 12.1 33.7 23.2 9.6 3.8 49.2 122.0 Piped gas 15.9 .................................... 1.1 – – .2 .2 1.5 6.1 .9 .9 – 4.5 11.4 Other .6 ....................................... – – – – – – – – – – .4 .2

Other Central Air Fuel

With other central air 17.2 .................. 3.4 .3 – .4 – 1.5 3.1 2.1 1.1 .4 6.9 9.8

Electricity 13.2 .................................... 3.2 – – – – .9 1.9 1.7 .6 .2 5.4 7.6

Gas 3.6 ......................................... .2 .3 – .2 – .4 1.2 .2 .5 – 1.5 2.1

Other .4 ....................................... – – – .2 – .2 – .2 – .2 – .2

Clothes Dryer Fuel

With clothes dryer 455.5 .................... 26.1 8.2 3.4 10.2 31.4 41.1 95.2 45.4 27.6 49.2 198.3 208.0 Electricity 295.8 .................................... 16.0 3.6 1.9 5.9 18.7 26.1 72.5 28.1 18.9 25.4 129.1 141.2 Piped gas 158.6 .................................... 10.1 4.4 1.5 4.3 12.6 14.7 22.5 17.4 8.7 23.8 68.3 66.5 Other 1.2 ....................................... – .3 – – – .3 .2 – – – 1.0 .2

Units Using Each Fuel2

Electricity 508.2 .................................... 27.3 13.5 4.4 11.6 37.6 47.1 114.5 51.8 33.8 59.2 219.2 229.8

Piped gas 486.8 .................................... 26.4 10.7 3.9 11.1 36.6 46.0 106.4 50.8 31.5 57.8 213.1 215.9

Bottled gas 5.0 ................................... – 2.1 .6 .3 .3 .3 1.3 – .9 – 2.7 2.3

Fuel oil 27.4 ...................................... .9 .3 – – 1.1 3.1 5.2 3.3 2.2 4.3 18.0 5.1

Kerosene or other liquid fuel 1.5 .................... – – .2 .2 .2 .4 .6 – .2 .4 .4 .6

Coal or coke – ................................. – –– – – – – – – – – –

Wood 89.5 ....................................... 2.6 – .7 3.0 5.6 10.0 11.9 9.2 5.5 9.4 36.1 44.1

Solar energy 1.9 ................................. – – – – – .2 .9 .2 – – .8 1.1 Other 9.4 ....................................... .6 .3 .2 .7 .2 1.0 2.1 .8 – .4 4.8 4.2

All electric units 19.4 ............................... 1.1 .6 .3 – 1.1 1.9 6.4 2.4 1.9 1.4 6.2 11.8

1See back cover for details.

2Figures may not add to total because more than one category may apply to a unit.

AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998 53

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 3~6. Failures in EquipmentmOwner Occupied Units

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Selected subareas1

Physical problems Total

occupied

units

New con~

struction

4 years

Mobile

homes Severe Moderate Black Hispanic

Elderly

(65 years

and over)

Moved in

past year

Below

poverty

level Area one Area two Area three

Total 508.6 ................................ 27.3 13.5 4.8 11.6 37.6 47.3 114.5 51.8 33.8 59.2 219.2 230.2

Water Supply Stoppage

With hot and cold piped water 508.3 .......... 27.3 13.2 4.5 11.6 37.6 47.3 114.2 51.8 33.8 59.2 219.2 229.9 No stoppage in last 3 months 462.8 ................... 25.9 9.1 4.2 9.6 32.8 45.3 105.2 46.5 30.0 54.0 203.6 205.3 With stoppage in last 3 months 23.1 ................. .2 3.4 .3 .7 .9 1.4 5.7 1.6 .8 1.3 9.3 12.5 No stoppage lasting 6 hours or more 8.9 .......... – .6 – .4 .2 .4 3.3 .2 .2 .5 4.1 4.4 1 time lasting 6 hours or more 7.3 ................ .2 1.2 .3 .3 .5 .2 .7 .4 .4 .6 2.4 4.3 2 times 3.7 .................................... – 1.3 – – .2 .5 .7 .8 .2 – 2.4 1.3 3 times 1.0 .................................... – .3 – – – – .3 .2 – .2 – .7 4 times or more 1.8 ............................. – – – – – .2 .5 – – – .2 1.6 Number of times not reported .4 ................ – – – – – – .2 – – – .2 .2 Stoppage not reported 22.4 ......................... 1.1 .6 – 1.2 3.9 .7 3.3 3.7 3.0 3.9 6.4 12.1

Flush Toilet Breakdowns

With one or more flush toilets 507.7 ........... 27.3 12.6 3.9 11.6 37.6 47.3 114.2 51.8 33.8 59.2 219.2 229.3

With at least one working toilet at all times in last 3

months 473.6 ..................................... 24.3 11.9 3.7 9.5 33.0 44.6 108.8 46.0 30.4 54.2 207.4 211.9

None working some time in last 3 months 12.6 ........ 1.9 – .2 .9 .7 2.1 2.1 2.1 .4 1.1 5.8 5.7

No breakdowns lasting 6 hours or more 6.6 ........ .9 – – .2 .7 1.5 1.3 1.3 – .6 2.6 3.4

1 time lasting 6 hours or more 4.2 ................ .4 – – .2 – .2 .9 .6 .4 .2 2.6 1.4

2 times 1.1 .................................... .6 – – – – – – .2 – – .6 .4

3 times .2 .................................... – – – .2 – – – – – .2 – –

4 times or more .4 ............................. – – .2 .2 – .4 – – – – – .4

Number of times not reported – ................ – –– – – – – – – – – –

Breakdowns not reported 21.5 ...................... 1.1 .6 – 1.2 3.9 .7 3.3 3.7 3.0 3.9 5.9 11.7

Sewage Disposal Breakdowns

With public sewer 499.1 ..................... 27.3 11.9 3.9 11.3 37.6 46.6 111.2 51.4 32.3 59.2 216.7 223.2

No breakdowns in last 3 months 488.9 ................ 27.1 11.9 3.9 10.9 36.9 45.5 109.2 51.0 31.9 57.8 211.0 220.0

With breakdowns in last 3 months 10.2 ............... .2 – – .4 .7 1.1 2.0 .4 .4 1.4 5.7 3.2

No breakdowns lasting 6 hours or more 3.2 ........ – – – .2 .2 .4 .4 .2 .2 .4 1.7 1.1

1 time lasting 6 hours or more 4.8 ................ .2 – – .2 .5 .4 .7 .2 .2 .9 2.6 1.2

2 times 1.8 .................................... – – – – – – .9 – – – 1.3 .4

3 times .5 .................................... – – – – – .2 – – – – – .5

4 times or more – ............................. – –– – – – – – – – – –

With septic tank or cesspool 9.2 ............ – 1.3 .6 .3 – .7 3.3 .4 1.5 – 2.5 6.7

No breakdowns in last 3 months 8.8 ................ – 1.3 .6 .3 – .7 3.1 .4 1.5 – 2.5 6.3

With breakdowns in last 3 months .4 ............... – – – – – – .2 – – – – .4

No breakdowns lasting 6 hours or more .2 ........ – – – – – – .2 – – – – .2

1 time lasting 6 hours or more .2 ................ – – – – – – – – – – – .2

2 times – .................................... – –– – – – – – – – – –

3 times – .................................... – –– – – – – – – – – –

4 times or more – ............................. – –– – – – – – – – – –

Heating Problems

With heating equipment and occupied

last winter 489.0 ........................... 21.9 12.8 4.8 10.6 36.7 45.0 113.1 33.3 32.0 57.2 209.5 222.3

Not uncomfortably cold for 24 hours or more last

winter 404.1 ...................................... 20.0 10.0 2.5 7.3 25.1 34.8 98.4 25.0 24.8 44.5 169.6 190.0

Uncomfortably cold for 24 hours or more last

winter2 ..................................... 38.3 .9 1.2 1.8 1.5 3.5 4.0 5.2 2.7 2.0 4.4 17.6 16.2

Equipment breakdowns 11.5 ...................... .2 .3 1.3 .4 1.5 .9 .9 .4 .4 .9 5.7 4.9

No breakdowns lasting 6 hours or more .5 ...... – – – – – – – – – – .5 –

1 time lasting 6 hours or more 8.7 .............. .2 .3 – .4 1.1 .7 .4 .4 .4 .7 4.3 3.7

2 times 1.0 .................................. – – – – .2 – .4 – – .2 – .8

3 times .4 .................................. – – .4 – .2 .2 – – – – .2 .2

4 times or more .9 ........................... – – .9 – – – – – – – .7 .2

Number of times not reported – .............. – –– – – – – – – – – –

Other causes 27.6 ............................... .7 .9 .7 1.1 2.2 3.6 4.6 2.3 1.5 3.6 12.6 11.5

Utility interruption 2.6 ......................... – – – – – .2 .6 .4 – .2 1.7 .7

Inadequate heating capacity 6.5 ................ – – .2 .2 .6 1.1 1.5 .9 .4 1.3 2.8 2.4

Inadequate insulation 6.7 ...................... – – .2 .4 .5 .4 .7 .4 .5 1.1 3.3 2.3 Cost of heating 7.1 ........................... – .3 .3 .4 .4 .6 – .8 .6 .5 4.0 2.7 Other 9.7 ................................... .7 .6 – .4 .9 1.7 2.7 .2 .7 1.3 3.8 4.5 Not reported .7 ............................. – – – – .2 .2 – – – – .2 .4 Reason for discomfort not reported – ............ – –– – – – – – – – – – Discomfort not reported 46.6 ........................ 1.0 1.6 .5 1.8 8.0 6.2 9.5 5.6 5.2 8.3 22.3 16.1

Electric Fuses and Circuit Breakers

With electrical wiring 508.6 .................. 27.3 13.5 4.8 11.6 37.6 47.3 114.5 51.8 33.8 59.2 219.2 230.2

No fuses or breakers blown in last 3 months 254.0 ...... 19.2 8.5 2.1 5.3 15.2 28.4 59.2 37.8 17.7 30.6 114.3 109.0

With fuses or breakers blown in last 3 months 225.7 .... 7.0 4.3 2.7 5.1 18.5 17.3 49.4 10.0 12.5 24.3 95.0 106.4

1 time 52.9 ..................................... 3.4 1.6 .8 .9 5.1 4.4 10.7 3.9 3.7 6.9 21.9 24.2

2 times 34.3 .................................... .9 .3 .4 .4 2.6 3.1 8.4 1.7 2.4 3.8 14.5 16.1

3 times 24.1 .................................... .7 .6 .5 .2 2.0 2.4 5.8 1.5 1.5 3.4 9.8 11.0 4 times or more 111.9 ............................. 2.0 1.8 1.0 3.5 8.2 7.2 23.7 2.9 4.9 10.0 47.2 54.7 Number of times not reported 2.4 ................ – – – – .7 .2 .9 – – .2 1.8 .4 Problem not reported or don’t know 29.0 ............. 1.1 .6 – 1.2 3.9 1.6 5.8 4.0 3.6 4.3 9.8 14.8

1See back cover for details.

2Other causes and equipment breakdowns may not add to total as both may be reported.

54 AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 3~7. Additional Indicators of Housing QualitymOwner Occupied Units

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Selected subareas1

Physical problems Total

occupied

units

New con~

struction

4 years

Mobile

homes Severe Moderate Black Hispanic

Elderly

(65 years

and over)

Moved in

past year

Below

poverty

level Area one Area two Area three

Total 508.6 ................................ 27.3 13.5 4.8 11.6 37.6 47.3 114.5 51.8 33.8 59.2 219.2 230.2

Selected Amenities2

Porch, deck, balcony, or patio 466.4 .................. 25.2 12.0 4.1 10.9 31.8 43.1 106.4 46.4 30.8 52.7 197.3 216.3

Telephone available ... ........................... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Usable fireplace 387.5 .............................. 24.2 .3 2.5 7.9 23.5 30.8 78.8 36.1 24.0 43.0 161.1 183.3

Separate dining room 215.6 ......................... 9.8 1.8 2.0 3.7 18.7 15.0 50.5 19.1 15.5 39.7 84.9 91.0

With 2 or more living rooms or recreation rooms,

etc. 273.7 ........................................ 20.5 4.8 1.1 4.3 15.2 19.0 56.0 24.4 14.6 24.0 112.7 137.0

Garage or carport included with home 474.8 ........... 26.8 9.8 3.2 10.2 32.0 44.0 106.5 49.5 31.2 52.0 203.3 219.5

Not included 33.1 ................................. .4 3.7 1.6 1.1 5.4 3.3 8.0 2.4 2.6 7.0 15.9 10.2

Offstreet parking included 28.1 .................... .2 3.7 1.6 1.1 4.7 2.9 7.1 1.3 2.0 6.3 12.8 9.0

Offstreet parking not reported – ................ – –– – – – – – – – – –

Garage or carport not reported .7 ................. – – – .2 .2 – – – – .2 – .4

Cars and Trucks Available2

No cars, trucks, or vans 10.7 ....................... – .6 – .2 1.5 1.1 7.9 .9 2.6 2.8 4.9 3.0

Other households without cars 30.1 ................. 2.5 2.8 – 1.0 1.7 4.2 4.3 6.5 1.7 1.5 14.3 14.2

1 car with or without trucks or vans 223.6 .............. 10.7 7.6 3.3 4.9 19.4 19.0 63.8 21.8 18.0 29.7 96.0 98.0

2 cars 183.3 ....................................... 11.5 2.5 1.0 4.5 10.9 17.5 33.7 18.8 9.4 20.5 75.8 87.0

3 or more cars 60.9 ................................ 2.5 – .5 1.1 4.1 5.5 4.8 3.9 2.2 4.7 28.3 27.9

With cars, no trucks or vans 252.4 .................... 14.3 7.6 2.3 5.4 20.7 18.8 71.5 26.1 19.7 34.4 101.3 116.7

1 truck or van with or without cars 186.6 ............... 10.6 3.8 2.3 5.0 12.3 19.6 26.5 18.3 8.6 18.0 85.8 82.8

2 or more trucks or vans 58.8 ....................... 2.4 1.5 .2 .9 3.0 7.8 8.6 6.6 3.0 3.9 27.2 27.7

Owner or Manager on Property

Rental, multiunit3 ..................... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Owner or manager lives on property ... ............. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Neither owner nor manager lives on property ... ..... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Selected Deficiencies2

Signs of rats in last 3 months 9.2 ................... – .3 – 1.2 .6 .2 2.2 .4 .8 1.8 3.6 3.9

Signs of mice in last 3 months 32.9 .................. 1.1 .9 .6 1.3 2.4 3.4 4.4 2.9 2.6 4.5 8.9 19.4

Signs of rodents, not sure which kind in last 3

months 3.0 ..................................... – – – – – .2 .2 .2 – 1.1 1.3 .6

Holes in floors 1.5 ................................ – – – .2 .4 – – .2 .4 .4 .7 .4

Open cracks or holes (interior) 38.9 .................. .9 1.2 .6 5.1 4.4 4.0 5.9 3.0 3.1 5.5 14.2 19.2

Broken plaster or peeling paint (interior) 12.6 ......... – .3 .2 3.7 .9 .8 3.1 .6 .9 2.6 4.4 5.6

No electrical wiring – ............................ – –– – – – – – – – – – Exposed wiring .8 ............................... – – .2 – – – – .2 – – .4 .4 Rooms without electric outlets 5.5 .................. .2 .9 .8 .7 .2 .7 1.6 .9 1.1 1.3 2.0 2.2

Water Leakage During Last 12 Months

No leakage from inside structure 434.2 ................ 24.6 11.0 4.2 6.0 29.5 42.5 103.1 41.9 29.4 49.7 187.7 196.8

With leakage from inside structure2 ............. 52.9 1.5 1.8 .6 4.3 4.2 4.2 8.1 6.4 1.5 5.6 25.5 21.7

Fixtures backed up or overflowed 21.7 ............. .4 .3 .6 1.1 2.0 1.7 1.9 2.3 .4 1.8 11.1 8.8

Pipes leaked 15.6 ............................... .6 .6 .2 1.3 1.9 1.7 2.8 2.4 1.1 2.4 7.0 6.2

Other or unknown (includes not reported) 19.2 ...... .4 1.2 .2 2.4 .9 1.1 4.2 2.3 .4 1.8 8.3 9.1

Interior leakage not reported 21.5 ................... 1.1 .6 – 1.2 3.9 .7 3.3 3.5 3.0 3.9 5.9 11.7

No leakage from outside structure 394.0 .............. 24.0 10.4 3.9 3.8 26.6 39.5 95.1 42.4 26.1 38.5 174.0 181.4

With leakage from outside structure2 ............ 93.3 2.1 2.5 .9 6.6 7.1 7.2 16.1 5.9 4.7 16.8 39.5 37.1

Roof 57.1 ...................................... .4 1.8 .6 4.8 4.4 5.0 12.2 3.6 3.0 8.0 22.9 26.2

Basement 10.6 .................................. – – – 1.1 .5 .7 2.4 .2 1.3 4.6 5.1 .9

Walls, closed windows, or doors 28.6 .............. 1.9 .6 .2 1.8 2.2 1.3 2.6 2.0 .2 5.3 12.4 10.9

Other or unknown (includes not reported) 9.4 ...... .7 .6 – .7 .8 .9 1.1 .7 .6 1.4 3.8 4.2

Exterior leakage not reported 21.3 ................... 1.1 .6 – 1.2 3.9 .7 3.3 3.5 3.0 3.9 5.7 11.7

Overall Opinion of Structure

1 (worst) .7 ..................................... – – – .2 – .2 – – .2 – .4 .2 2 .5 ........................................... – – – – .2 – .2 – – .2 .2 – 3 2.5 ........................................... – .6 .3 .9 – .2 – .2 .5 – 1.0 1.6 4 3.4 ........................................... – – – .4 – .2 .2 .2 .6 – 2.4 1.1 5 20.3 ........................................... .4 – .2 .9 2.9 2.0 4.8 2.4 1.1 2.4 8.5 9.4 6 21.6 ........................................... .2 1.2 .5 .9 2.6 2.0 2.6 1.3 1.1 3.1 8.6 9.9 7 71.9 ........................................... 3.1 1.2 .9 1.7 5.2 6.7 10.8 4.3 2.6 10.0 33.1 28.9

8 146.1 ........................................... 7.2 4.1 1.6 1.5 10.8 11.7 27.2 15.7 6.7 14.7 68.9 62.6

9 77.5 ........................................... 4.5 1.6 .7 1.8 3.7 8.8 18.1 9.0 4.3 9.2 30.0 38.3

10 (best) 128.6 ..................................... 9.7 3.8 .4 2.1 7.7 12.5 44.8 13.1 12.3 14.4 54.4 59.8

Not reported 35.4 ................................. 2.1 .9 .2 1.1 4.5 3.0 5.8 5.7 4.4 5.2 11.8 18.4

Adequate Inside Maintenance4

Adequate ... .................................... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Inadequate ... ................................... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Not reported ... ................................. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Buildings and Grounds Properly

Maintained5

Properly maintained ... ........................... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Not properly maintained ... ....................... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Not reported ... ................................. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998 55

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 3~7. Additional Indicators of Housing QualitymOwner Occupied UnitsmCon.

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Selected subareas1

Physical problems Total

occupied

units

New con~

struction

4 years

Mobile

homes Severe Moderate Black Hispanic

Elderly

(65 years

and over)

Moved in

past year

Below

poverty

level Area one Area two Area three

Selected Physical Problems

Severe physical problems2 ..................... 4.8 – .9 4.8 ... .5 .4 1.0 .2 – .7 1.7 2.4 Plumbing 2.8 .................................. – .9 2.8 ... .2 – 1.0 – – .7 .8 1.3 Heating 1.3 .................................... – – 1.3 ... .2 .2 – – – – .9 .4 Electric .6 .................................... – – .6 ... – .2 – .2 – – – .6 Upkeep – .................................... – – – ... – – – – – – – – Hallways – ................................... – – – ... – – – – – – – –

Moderate physical problems2................... 11.6 .3 .6 ... 11.6 .7 .7 1.9 1.9 1.1 1.6 5.0 5.0 Plumbing .4 .................................. – – ... .4 – .2 – – – .2 – .2 Heating .7 .................................... – .3 ... .7 – – .5 – – – .2 .5 Upkeep 6.2 .................................... .2 .3 ... 6.2 .2 .2 .7 .2 .7 .9 2.5 2.8 Hallways – ................................... – – ... – – – – – – – – – Kitchen 4.2 .................................... .1 – ... 4.2 .5 .2 .8 1.6 .5 .5 2.3 1.5

1See back cover for details.

2Figures may not add to total because more than one category may apply to a unit.

3Two or more units of any tenure in structure.

4Limited to rental units.

5Limited to single attached and multi rental units.

56 AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 3~8. NeighborhoodmOwner Occupied Units

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Selected subareas1

Physical problems Total

occupied

units

New con~

struction

4 years

Mobile

homes Severe Moderate Black Hispanic

Elderly

(65 years

and over)

Moved in

past year

Below

poverty

level Area one Area two Area three

Total 508.6 ................................ 27.3 13.5 4.8 11.6 37.6 47.3 114.5 51.8 33.8 59.2 219.2 230.2

Overall Opinion of Neighborhood

1 (worst) 2.0 ..................................... – – – – .7 .7 .9 – – .7 .9 .4

2 1.1 ........................................... – – – .2 .2 – .2 .2 – .2 – .9

3 3.6 ........................................... – .3 .2 .2 .6 .4 .7 .4 .2 .6 2.0 .9

4 10.4 ........................................... .4 .6 .3 – 2.0 1.1 1.5 .6 .7 3.1 2.8 4.4

5 29.9 ........................................... 1.1 .6 .2 1.4 3.8 2.4 7.6 2.4 2.0 4.8 11.0 14.1

6 25.5 ........................................... .6 1.5 .4 .9 2.6 2.4 4.1 3.0 1.1 3.3 12.6 9.6

7 76.5 ........................................... 3.2 1.5 .7 1.5 6.1 7.2 11.3 5.7 3.9 8.4 37.9 30.2

8 136.3 ........................................... 7.4 2.8 1.1 1.3 7.9 13.1 26.5 13.1 7.3 13.4 63.7 59.2

9 83.4 ........................................... 6.6 1.3 .7 2.2 3.9 7.6 17.0 9.9 4.1 8.5 34.6 40.3

10 (best) 103.9 ..................................... 5.8 3.6 .6 2.6 5.2 9.5 38.5 10.5 9.9 10.8 42.0 51.0

No neighborhood 1.0 ............................. – .3 .3 – .2 – .6 .2 .2 – .2 .7

Not reported 35.1 ................................. 2.2 .9 .2 1.2 4.5 3.0 5.7 5.8 4.4 5.2 11.5 18.4

Street Noise or Traffic

Street noise or traffic present 126.5 ................... 3.3 4.6 1.7 3.3 11.4 14.2 29.6 11.3 8.3 19.1 57.9 49.5

Condition not bothersome 70.3 .................... 1.8 2.2 .6 1.7 6.8 6.6 20.8 6.1 4.5 10.3 36.0 23.9

Condition bothersome 55.8 ....................... 1.5 2.4 1.0 1.6 4.6 7.7 8.8 5.2 3.8 8.9 21.4 25.6

So bothered they want to move 17.0 ............. – 1.2 .6 .7 1.8 3.1 2.2 .7 .9 2.6 6.6 7.8

Not reported – ............................. – –– – – – – – – – – –

Bothersome not reported .4 .................... – – – – – – – – – – .4 –

Not reported 20.9 ................................. 1.0 .6 – 1.1 4.1 .7 3.4 3.4 2.4 3.9 5.8 11.3

Neighborhood Crime

Neighborhood crime present 121.3 ................... 3.4 4.0 1.8 3.2 12.8 12.7 24.1 7.7 5.4 19.2 53.5 48.6 Condition not bothersome 51.8 .................... 1.7 2.5 1.2 1.4 5.5 4.9 13.3 3.5 2.0 7.8 20.2 23.7 Condition bothersome 69.3 ....................... 1.7 1.5 .5 1.8 7.4 7.8 10.8 4.2 3.5 11.4 33.0 24.9 So bothered they want to move 17.3 ............. .2 .3 .2 .2 2.0 3.7 1.9 .5 .4 4.0 7.2 6.1 Not reported .7 ............................. – – – – .2 .2 .2 – – .2 .2 .2 Bothersome not reported .2 .................... – – – – – – – – – – .2 – Not reported 23.1 ................................. 1.0 .6 – 1.1 4.8 .9 4.1 3.8 2.8 4.1 7.7 11.3

Odors

Odors present 39.7 ................................ 1.7 3.7 1.3 1.8 4.8 4.6 8.8 3.2 3.0 4.3 10.3 25.2

Condition not bothersome 13.2 .................... .4 1.2 .5 – 1.7 2.4 3.6 1.7 1.1 1.8 2.7 8.7

Condition bothersome 26.5 ....................... 1.3 2.4 .8 1.8 3.1 2.3 5.2 1.5 1.9 2.5 7.6 16.5

So bothered they want to move 5.4 ............. – .3 – .2 1.5 .7 .8 .4 .4 .2 1.8 3.4

Not reported – ............................. – –– – – – – – – – – –

Bothersome not reported – .................... – –– – – – – – – – – –

Not reported 20.9 ................................. 1.0 .6 – 1.1 4.1 .7 3.4 3.4 2.4 3.9 6.0 11.1

Other Bothersome Neighborhood

Conditions

No other problems 376.9 ............................ 21.1 8.5 3.9 6.5 24.4 34.8 90.2 39.5 26.1 39.3 163.0 174.6

With other problems2 .......................... 109.4 5.0 4.3 .9 3.9 9.3 11.8 20.8 8.8 5.1 16.0 49.3 44.1

Noise 19.5 ..................................... .6 .3 .2 .6 1.4 .4 4.5 2.4 .7 2.3 9.7 7.5

Litter or housing deterioration 12.7 ................ .2 .3 .2 .6 2.0 1.8 2.7 .7 .7 3.2 5.0 4.5

Poor city or county services 7.7 .................. .2 – .2 .6 .9 .9 1.9 .4 .6 1.3 2.2 4.2

Undesirable commercial, institutional, industrial 5.0 . .5 – – .6 1.1 .2 1.1 .4 .2 1.6 1.3 2.2

People 29.5 .................................... .8 1.9 .5 1.5 3.3 2.3 5.4 1.6 2.1 4.0 14.1 11.3

Other 61.8 ..................................... 3.7 2.2 .6 1.5 4.9 6.4 11.4 5.1 2.2 9.6 26.8 25.4

No problem .8 ................................ .2 – – – – .2 .2 .2 .2 – .7 .2

Type of problem not reported 2.2 ................. – – – – – .7 .4 – – .7 .4 1.1

Other problems not reported 22.3 ................... 1.1 .6 – 1.2 3.9 .7 3.5 3.5 2.6 3.9 7.0 11.5

Public Elementary School2

Households with children aged 4~16 ... ............. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Attend public school(K~12) 104.5 ................... 5.6 1.5 1.1 3.4 5.0 13.2 2.6 9.4 3.5 8.2 48.0 48.2

Attend private school (K~12) 26.1 .................. 1.5 – .2 .9 1.1 2.2 – 2.1 1.1 3.1 11.5 11.5

Attend ungraded school, preschool, etc 2.6 ........ .4 – – – .2 .7 .2 .2 .2 .2 1.9 .4

Does not attend school 6.7 ...................... .9 – – .2 .2 – .7 .9 .9 .7 3.4 2.6

Not reported 14.7 ............................... 1.0 .6 – .9 3.0 .8 – 2.5 2.5 3.0 4.8 7.0

Households with any children aged 0~133 ........ 148.1 10.4 1.5 1.3 4.9 8.4 19.8 3.9 14.0 6.2 16.0 68.6 63.5 Satisfactory public elementary school 81.1 .......... 5.1 .6 .6 2.4 3.4 10.2 1.9 6.8 2.8 6.2 37.6 37.2 Unsatisfactory public elementary school 17.6 ....... .6 – .4 .7 1.1 1.7 .2 .7 .4 3.4 6.8 7.4 So bothered they want to move 7.5 ............. – – .2 .7 .7 1.5 – – .2 1.6 2.7 3.2 Not reported – ............................. – –– – – – – – – – – – Not reported or don’t know 29.5 ................... 3.8 .3 – .7 2.1 4.6 .4 4.8 2.1 4.0 13.6 11.9 Public elementary school less than 1 mile 75.2 ...... 3.3 .3 1.1 2.8 4.3 11.5 2.2 4.6 2.4 8.4 36.0 30.8 Public elementary school 1 mile or more 29.9 ....... 3.2 .6 – .4 1.1 1.9 .2 3.8 1.7 2.4 11.5 16.0 Not reported 23.0 ............................... 3.0 – – .5 1.3 3.0 .2 3.9 1.2 2.7 10.5 9.8

Public Transportation

With public transportation 421.4 ...................... 18.6 10.7 3.7 9.2 31.6 41.2 93.8 40.9 25.7 49.4 187.3 184.7 Household uses it at least weekly 73.3 ............. 3.2 .3 .9 1.3 8.5 9.8 12.8 8.2 3.9 11.5 34.3 27.5 Satisfactory public transportation 64.5 ........... 2.7 .3 .9 .9 7.8 8.8 11.9 6.5 3.6 10.4 30.0 24.2 Unsatisfactory public transportation 8.8 ......... .4 – – .4 .7 1.1 .9 1.7 .2 1.2 4.3 3.3 Not reported – ............................. – –– – – – – – – – – – Household uses it less than weekly 168.9 ........... 6.3 5.4 1.5 3.2 12.5 16.8 39.8 13.3 9.3 19.9 77.6 71.4 Satisfactory public transportation 144.5 ........... 5.3 4.8 1.1 2.8 10.7 15.1 35.9 11.8 8.4 17.6 67.9 58.9 Unsatisfactory public transportation 24.2 ......... 1.1 .6 .4 .4 1.8 1.7 3.9 1.5 .9 2.2 9.7 12.2 Not reported .2 ............................. – – – – – – – – – – – .2 Household does not use 178.7 ..................... 9.1 5.0 1.3 4.7 10.3 14.6 41.0 19.5 12.6 17.7 75.2 85.8 Not reported .5 ............................... – – – – .2 – .2 – – .2 .2 – No public transportation 60.5 ....................... 6.5 1.9 1.1 1.0 2.1 4.4 16.3 6.2 5.1 6.2 23.3 31.0 Not reported 26.7 ................................. 2.1 1.0 – 1.3 3.9 1.6 4.4 4.8 3.0 3.6 8.6 14.5

Neighborhood Shopping

Satisfactory neighborhood shopping 434.0 ............. 22.0 11.0 4.1 9.1 24.7 42.0 95.8 44.1 25.9 42.7 192.6 198.7

Less than 1 mile 358.7 ............................ 14.9 9.5 3.4 6.8 22.0 38.8 78.5 34.9 21.7 36.1 166.1 156.5

1 mile or more 75.1 .............................. 7.2 1.6 .6 2.2 2.7 3.0 17.3 9.2 4.2 6.5 26.4 42.2

Not reported .2 ............................... – – – – – .2 – – – – .2 –

Unsatisfactory neighborhood shopping 50.4 .......... 4.2 1.5 .7 1.1 8.8 4.4 14.8 4.1 5.1 12.9 18.1 19.3

Not reported or don’t know 24.2 ..................... 1.0 .9 – 1.4 4.1 .9 3.8 3.6 2.8 3.6 8.5 12.1

AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998 57

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 3~8. NeighborhoodmOwner Occupied UnitsmCon.

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Selected subareas1

Physical problems Total

occupied

units

New con~

struction

4 years

Mobile

homes Severe Moderate Black Hispanic

Elderly

(65 years

and over)

Moved in

past year

Below

poverty

level Area one Area two Area three

Police Protection

Satisfactory police protection 442.6 ................... 22.4 12.0 4.1 9.8 27.6 40.1 101.9 43.0 27.8 46.8 196.5 199.4

Unsatisfactory police protection 34.6 ................. 2.8 .6 .7 .6 5.2 5.3 6.6 3.1 2.8 7.2 11.8 15.5

Not reported 31.4 ................................. 2.1 .9 – 1.1 4.8 1.9 6.0 5.8 3.2 5.2 10.9 15.3

Description of Area Within 300 Feet2

Single~family detached houses 441.7 ................. 24.0 3.8 4.0 9.2 31.3 42.7 94.5 43.1 27.5 52.4 197.3 192.0 Single~family attached 79.7 ......................... 4.8 1.3 .4 2.0 5.0 5.6 18.0 10.2 3.8 4.3 39.0 36.4 1~ to 3~ story multiunit 84.1 ......................... 1.9 2.2 .9 2.3 13.7 8.9 21.7 7.5 7.5 18.9 39.6 25.6 4~ to 6~ story multiunit 6.7 ......................... – .3 – .2 – .3 2.2 1.1 .9 2.5 1.9 2.3 7~ or~ more story multiunit 2.5 ...................... – – – – .4 .2 .6 – .2 .5 1.0 1.0 Mobile homes 20.0 ................................ .7 12.2 .8 .6 .6 2.9 6.3 2.3 1.1 .4 10.8 8.7 Commercial, or institutional 88.2 .................... 3.0 3.1 1.5 2.9 9.1 9.9 20.0 9.7 6.4 13.3 43.5 31.3 Industrial or factories 13.8 .......................... .6 2.2 .5 .2 2.4 1.6 2.7 2.2 1.4 3.3 7.2 3.3 Body of water 74.5 ................................ 5.7 3.3 2.0 2.1 2.4 5.0 12.8 9.3 4.0 5.1 29.5 39.8 Open space, park, woods, farm, or ranch 187.8 ........ 16.2 5.0 2.2 4.5 7.9 14.0 37.0 21.7 10.3 14.7 71.2 101.9 4 or more lane highway, railroad, or airport 61.0 ....... 4.0 4.1 .5 .9 5.1 8.6 10.2 7.9 3.4 6.9 32.7 21.5 Not reported 33.4 ................................. 2.1 .9 .2 .9 4.9 2.8 4.9 5.2 4.2 4.7 10.5 18.2

Age of Other Residential Buildings

Within 300 Feet

Older 33.2 ........................................ – 3.1 1.0 1.6 1.3 3.4 9.2 3.0 2.9 5.1 15.2 12.8 About the same 375.9 .............................. 20.1 5.1 2.8 7.5 25.1 35.7 81.1 36.1 21.8 37.7 168.5 169.6 Newer 30.1 ....................................... 3.9 1.9 .2 .2 3.3 2.6 5.4 5.0 1.8 4.2 12.3 13.6 Very mixed 29.6 ................................... .7 1.8 .2 1.2 3.1 2.1 10.2 1.5 2.9 7.6 11.1 10.9 No other residential buildings 6.4 ................... .4 .3 .3 .2 – .2 3.6 .9 .2 – 1.3 5.1 Not reported 33.5 ................................. 2.1 1.3 .2 .9 4.7 3.3 5.0 5.4 4.2 4.5 10.8 18.1

Other Buildings Vandalized or With

Interior Exposed Within 300 Feet

None 455.2 ........................................ 24.5 9.8 4.0 10.0 30.9 41.7 102.0 44.8 28.1 51.4 202.7 201.1 1 building 7.5 .................................... .2 .6 – – .6 1.2 3.2 .4 1.3 1.3 2.6 3.6 More than 1 building 5.7 .......................... – 1.8 .3 .4 .9 1.0 .7 .5 .2 1.1 1.7 2.9 No buildings 5.9 .................................. .4 .3 .3 .2 – .2 3.6 .9 .2 – 1.1 4.8 Not reported 34.3 ................................. 2.1 .9 .2 .9 5.2 3.2 5.1 5.2 4.0 5.4 11.1 17.7

Bars on Windows of Buildings Within

300 Feet

No bars on windows 402.4 ........................... 24.3 10.7 3.4 8.1 16.5 36.0 86.8 40.3 23.3 30.3 181.4 190.7

1 building with bars 16.4 ........................... – – .2 .4 1.9 2.2 4.8 1.1 2.0 2.5 9.5 4.5

2 or more buildings with bars 40.8 ................... .2 .9 .4 1.7 11.9 4.7 11.1 3.8 3.1 19.3 11.6 9.9

No buildings 5.9 .................................. .4 .3 .3 .2 – .2 3.6 .9 .2 – 1.1 4.8

Not reported 43.0 ................................. 2.3 1.6 .4 1.1 7.3 4.2 8.2 5.9 5.3 7.1 15.6 20.3

Condition of Streets Within 300 Feet

No repairs needed 329.7 ............................ 20.8 7.7 2.1 6.9 20.4 30.4 74.9 35.3 19.4 30.7 157.5 141.5

Minor repairs needed 123.6 .......................... 3.3 3.1 1.3 3.3 8.5 11.7 28.3 8.7 8.1 18.9 46.6 58.1

Major repairs needed 20.4 .......................... 1.1 1.8 1.1 .5 3.1 2.4 5.7 2.6 1.9 4.4 4.6 11.4

No streets .8 ................................... – – – – .2 – .2 – – – – .8

Not reported 34.0 ................................. 2.1 .9 .2 .9 5.4 2.8 5.3 5.2 4.4 5.2 10.5 18.4

Trash, Litter, or Junk on Streets or Any

Properties Within 300 Feet

None 432.8 ........................................ 23.6 8.6 3.5 8.8 26.5 39.4 101.6 42.7 27.8 45.7 193.8 193.3 Minor accumulation 31.3 ........................... 1.5 2.1 .3 1.6 3.9 3.2 6.0 2.3 1.6 6.3 10.6 14.4 Major accumulation 10.1 ........................... .1 1.5 .8 .3 2.0 1.6 1.8 1.3 .2 2.2 3.8 4.1 Not reported 34.4 ................................. 2.1 1.2 .2 .9 5.2 3.1 5.2 5.4 4.2 5.0 11.0 18.4

Parking Lots2

With parking lots 44.7 .............................. 2.8 1.5 .6 1.1 2.6 3.0 10.7 4.9 1.9 3.5 20.1 21.1

Residents only 20.0 ............................. .9 1.5 .6 .2 1.1 .8 4.4 3.2 .8 1.7 9.5 8.9

Shoppers or workers only 14.5 .................... 1.1 – – .4 .9 1.5 3.4 1.9 .8 1.5 7.7 5.2

Anyone 15.8 .................................... 1.3 .3 – .4 .7 .4 3.7 2.4 .4 .7 5.9 9.2

Kind not reported 2.0 ........................... .2 – – – .2 .4 .5 – .2 .2 .9 .9

No parking lots within 300 feet 430.0 .................. 22.1 11.1 4.0 9.6 30.0 41.3 98.9 41.4 27.8 51.0 188.1 190.9

Parking lot not reported 33.8 ........................ 2.3 .9 .2 .9 4.9 3.0 4.9 5.5 4.2 4.7 10.9 18.2

Mobile Homes in Group

Mobile homes 13.5 ........................ .3 13.5 .9 .6 1.0 1.9 5.2 1.3 .6 .3 7.7 5.5

1 to 6 3.7 ....................................... – 3.7 .3 .3 .3 .6 .9 .6 .3 .3 1.5 1.9 7 to 20 – ...................................... – –– – – – – – – – – – 21 or more 9.8 ................................... .3 9.8 .6 .3 .7 1.3 4.2 .7 .3 – 6.2 3.6

1See bacl cover for details.

2Figures may not add to total because more than one category may apply to a unit.

3Incomplete universe for this publication.

58 AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 3~9. Household CompositionmOwner Occupied Units

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Selected subareas1

Physical problems Total

occupied

units

New con~

struction

4 years

Mobile

homes Severe Moderate Black Hispanic

Elderly

(65 years

and over)

Moved in

past year

Below

poverty

level Area one Area two Area three

Population in housing units 1 373.9 .... 77.5 23.4 11.9 33.4 91.9 157.4 214.9 132.9 75.7 151.4 608.7 613.8

Total 508.6 ................................ 27.3 13.5 4.8 11.6 37.6 47.3 114.5 51.8 33.8 59.2 219.2 230.2

Persons

1 person 109.4 ..................................... 4.0 7.0 1.2 2.4 12.4 6.2 45.1 13.4 10.3 15.3 45.5 48.5

2 persons 171.6 .................................... 9.2 4.1 1.7 2.8 10.2 11.8 52.6 17.5 15.6 20.0 70.7 80.9

3 persons 85.5 .................................... 5.4 1.6 .9 1.8 6.3 8.0 10.1 8.5 3.3 11.0 36.2 38.3

4 persons 82.8 .................................... 5.9 .9 .6 2.8 5.2 10.7 3.0 7.6 1.8 7.1 39.7 36.0

5 persons 38.4 .................................... 1.4 – .4 1.7 1.8 6.5 1.3 2.1 1.1 3.1 16.7 18.6

6 persons 12.1 .................................... 1.1 – – – 1.5 2.1 1.7 2.2 .9 1.1 6.1 4.9

7 persons or more 8.8 ............................ .2 – – – .2 2.0 .6 .6 .8 1.5 4.3 3.0

Median 2.3 ...................................... 2.6 1.5~ ... 2.8 2.1 3.2 1.7 2.2 1.9 2.2 2.4 2.3

Number of Single Children Under 18

Years

None 315.9 ........................................ 13.9 11.1 3.3 5.2 24.1 23.9 109.1 31.8 25.4 37.5 132.5 145.9

1 79.5 ........................................... 5.8 1.5 .6 2.5 7.7 7.6 2.7 9.5 3.6 12.6 32.0 34.9

2 77.0 ........................................... 5.1 .9 .6 2.6 3.4 10.0 1.3 6.9 2.4 5.6 39.1 32.3

3 26.6 ........................................... 1.9 – .2 1.3 1.7 4.1 .6 1.9 1.1 2.7 11.5 12.4

4 6.7 ........................................... .6 – – – .4 1.3 .4 1.5 .6 .4 2.8 3.4

5 2.1 ........................................... – – – – – – .2 .2 .4 – .8 1.3

6 or more .9 .................................... – – – – .2 .4 .2 – .2 .4 .4 –

Median .5 ...................................... ~ .5~ .5~ ... .7 .5~ .5~ .5~ .5~ .5~ .5~ .5~ .5~

Persons 65 Years Old and Over

None 373.1 ........................................ 24.7 7.7 2.9 9.4 25.9 37.4 – 46.5 14.6 39.1 166.9 167.1

1 person 87.9 ..................................... 1.5 4.8 1.5 1.9 9.7 6.0 68.7 4.3 10.0 13.9 32.2 41.9

2 persons or more 47.6 ............................ 1.1 1.0 .4 .3 2.0 3.9 45.9 1.1 9.3 6.2 20.1 21.2

Age of Householder

Under 25 years 17.6 ............................... 1.7 .6 – .4 3.2 1.3 ... 4.7 2.1 3.6 6.5 7.5

25 to 29 14.1 ..................................... 1.9 .3 .4 .4 .5 3.0 ... 6.0 1.1 1.1 5.7 7.2

30 to 34 35.6 ..................................... 4.0 .3 .2 .6 2.4 5.9 ... 6.3 .6 2.4 17.7 15.4

35 to 44 129.4 ..................................... 10.2 2.1 1.5 3.6 7.0 13.6 ... 15.7 3.9 12.7 58.9 57.8

45 to 54 119.0 ..................................... 5.0 2.8 1.2 3.3 7.6 8.1 ... 11.0 2.8 13.4 54.6 51.1

55 to 64 78.4 ..................................... 2.7 2.2 .5 1.3 7.7 6.7 ... 4.6 4.5 9.4 33.3 35.7

65 to 74 59.6 ..................................... 1.6 2.2 .6 1.5 5.3 5.5 59.6 2.6 8.1 8.2 20.3 31.0

75 years and over 55.0 ............................ .2 2.9 .3 .4 4.0 3.1 55.0 1.1 10.7 8.3 22.2 24.4

Median 50 ...................................... 41 58 ... 47 53 45 75 41 67 52 49 50

Household Composition by Age of

Householder

2~or~more person households 399.2 .................. 23.3 6.5 3.6 9.2 25.2 41.1 69.4 38.4 23.5 43.9 173.7 181.7

Married~couple families, no nonrelatives 312.3 ....... 18.6 3.7 2.4 6.9 15.1 32.4 53.7 27.7 16.5 28.1 137.1 147.1

Under 25 years 4.7 ........................... .4 .3 – .2 .8 .9 ... 1.1 .2 .9 1.3 2.5

25 to 29 years 8.5 ............................ 1.1 – .2 .4 .2 2.4 ... 3.1 .9 .9 3.0 4.6

30 to 34 years 27.2 ............................ 3.4 .3 .2 .2 2.2 4.8 ... 4.3 .6 1.6 13.6 12.1

35 to 44 years 89.1 ............................ 6.0 .3 1.1 2.6 4.1 9.4 ... 8.4 2.4 7.8 39.7 41.7

45 to 64 years 129.1 ............................ 7.0 2.1 .5 2.8 5.4 10.0 ... 10.0 3.0 10.7 57.5 60.8

65 years and over 53.7 ........................ .7 .7 .4 .6 2.4 5.0 53.7 .8 9.4 6.2 22.0 25.5

Other male householder 39.0 ..................... 2.8 1.3 .4 1.2 3.1 3.9 5.1 6.5 1.5 6.2 18.2 14.6

Under 45 years 19.0 ........................... 2.3 .6 .4 .7 .5 2.4 ... 4.8 .4 2.4 8.4 8.1

45 to 64 years 14.9 ............................ .4 .7 – .2 1.3 1.5 ... 1.4 .7 2.0 7.7 5.2

65 years and over 5.1 ........................ – – – .2 1.3 – 5.1 .2 .4 1.8 2.1 1.2

Other female householder 47.9 ................... 1.9 1.5 .8 1.1 7.0 4.8 10.6 4.3 5.5 9.6 18.3 20.0

Under 45 years 19.4 ........................... 1.5 .9 .2 .7 2.2 2.0 ... 2.8 1.7 2.7 8.4 8.3

45 to 64 years 17.9 ............................ – – .2 .2 3.5 1.5 ... 1.1 1.3 4.5 6.8 6.7

65 years and over 10.6 ........................ .4 .6 .3 .2 1.3 1.3 10.6 .4 2.5 2.4 3.1 5.1

1~person households 109.4 .......................... 4.0 7.0 1.2 2.4 12.4 6.2 45.1 13.4 10.3 15.3 45.5 48.5

Male householder 48.9 ........................... 2.1 2.2 .4 .7 6.5 3.2 15.3 6.9 3.5 9.0 19.8 20.1

Under 45 years 18.6 ........................... 1.9 .6 – – 2.1 1.5 ... 4.5 .7 2.8 9.9 5.9

45 to 64 years 15.0 ............................ – .6 .4 .2 2.5 .4 ... 1.3 .9 2.9 6.5 5.6

65 years and over 15.3 ........................ .2 1.0 – .4 2.0 1.3 15.3 1.1 2.0 3.4 3.4 8.6

Female householder 60.5 ........................ 1.9 4.7 .7 1.8 5.9 3.0 29.8 6.6 6.8 6.3 25.7 28.4

Under 45 years 10.2 ........................... 1.3 .3 – .2 1.1 .6 ... 3.6 .8 .9 4.5 4.8

45 to 64 years 20.4 ............................ .2 1.5 .5 1.1 2.6 1.4 ... 1.7 1.5 2.6 9.3 8.5

65 years and over 29.8 ........................ .4 2.9 .2 .5 2.2 1.0 29.8 1.2 4.5 2.8 12.0 15.1

Adults and Single Children Under 18

Years Old

Total households with children 192.7 .................. 13.4 2.5 1.5 6.4 13.5 23.4 5.4 20.0 8.4 21.7 86.8 84.3

Married couples 153.1 ............................ 11.2 .9 1.3 4.3 7.4 20.1 2.6 15.0 3.4 13.0 69.8 70.4

One child under 6 only 17.8 ..................... 2.0 .3 .2 .5 .9 1.8 .2 2.7 .4 3.2 7.6 7.0

One under 6, one or more 6 to 17 24.9 ........... 2.1 – .4 .2 .8 3.9 .4 1.9 .9 1.1 12.3 11.5

Two or more under 6 only 13.8 .................. 1.7 – – – .9 3.3 .2 1.7 .7 .9 7.8 5.1

Two or more under 6, one or more 6 to 17 5.1 ... .4 – .2 – – 1.5 – 1.0 – – 2.2 2.9

One or more 6 to 17 only 91.5 .................. 5.0 .6 .4 3.6 4.8 9.6 1.8 7.6 1.4 7.8 40.0 43.8

Other households with two or more adults 17.4 ...... .4 .9 – 1.2 2.8 2.2 2.4 1.5 1.7 4.6 7.2 5.5

One child under 6 only 2.2 ..................... – – – – – .5 .2 .2 .4 .7 .6 .9

One under 6, one or more 6 to 17 2.3 ........... – – – – .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .4 1.1 .8

Two or more under 6 only 1.1 .................. – – – – .2 – – – .4 .2 .7 .2

Two or more under 6, one or more 6 to 17 .7 ... – – – – .2 – .2 – .2 .2 .2 .2

One or more 6 to 17 only 11.1 .................. .4 .9 – 1.2 2.2 1.5 1.7 1.1 .4 3.1 4.6 3.4

Households with one adult or none 22.2 ............ 1.8 .6 .2 .9 3.3 1.1 .4 3.5 3.3 4.1 9.7 8.4

One child under 6 only .4 ..................... – – – – – – – – – – .4 –

One under 6, one or more 6 to 17 .2 ........... – – – – – – – .2 – – .2 –

Two or more under 6 only – .................. – –– – – – – – – – – –

Two or more under 6, one or more 6 to 17 .2 ... – – – – – .2 – – .2 .2 – –

One or more 6 to 17 only 21.3 .................. 1.8 .6 .2 .9 3.3 .9 .4 3.3 3.0 3.8 9.1 8.4

Total households with no children 315.9 ............... 13.9 11.1 3.3 5.2 24.1 23.9 109.1 31.8 25.4 37.5 132.5 145.9

Married couples 164.4 ............................ 7.8 2.8 1.1 2.6 8.0 12.5 51.7 13.3 13.1 15.3 69.7 79.3

Other households with two or more adults 49.6 ...... 2.9 1.6 1.0 .4 5.3 5.2 12.3 6.5 2.9 8.5 20.5 20.6

Households with one adult 102.0 ................... 3.2 6.6 1.2 2.2 10.8 6.2 45.1 12.0 9.5 13.7 42.3 46.0

AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998 59

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 3~9. Household CompositionmOwner Occupied UnitsmCon.

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Selected subareas1

Physical problems Total

occupied

units

New con~

struction

4 years

Mobile

homes Severe Moderate Black Hispanic

Elderly

(65 years

and over)

Moved in

past year

Below

poverty

level Area one Area two Area three

Own Never Married Children Under 18

Years Old

No own children under 18 years 341.5 ................ 15.3 11.4 3.3 5.8 29.0 26.5 113.0 34.6 28.7 43.4 143.5 154.6

With own children under 18 years 167.1 ............... 12.0 2.1 1.5 5.7 8.6 20.8 1.5 17.3 5.2 15.8 75.7 75.6

Under 6 years only 32.0 .......................... 3.9 .3 .2 .5 1.7 4.7 – 4.6 1.1 4.3 16.0 11.7

1 18.0 ....................................... 2.0 .3 .2 .5 .9 1.2 – 2.9 .4 3.4 7.8 6.8

2 12.7 ....................................... 1.9 – – – .9 3.3 – 1.7 .7 .7 7.4 4.7

3 or more 1.3 ................................ – – – – – .2 – – – .2 .9 .2

6 to 17 years only 105.7 ........................... 5.7 1.8 .7 5.1 5.6 11.4 1.3 9.3 3.2 10.0 46.1 49.7

1 46.0 ....................................... 2.6 .9 .4 2.0 3.3 5.6 .7 4.9 1.9 5.8 17.9 22.4

2 43.6 ....................................... 2.3 .9 .2 1.9 1.5 4.6 .4 3.1 .4 3.1 21.7 18.7

3 or more 16.1 ................................ .9 – – 1.1 .9 1.2 .2 1.3 .9 1.1 6.5 8.6

Both age groups 29.3 ............................ 2.4 – .6 .2 1.3 4.7 .2 3.4 .9 1.6 13.6 14.2

2 16.8 ....................................... 1.5 – .4 – .9 1.7 – 1.7 .2 .7 8.8 7.4

3 or more 12.5 ................................ .8 – .2 .2 .4 3.0 .2 1.7 .6 .9 4.8 6.8

Persons Other Than Spouse or

Children2

With other relatives 119.0 ................... 5.4 1.3 1.2 1.7 11.7 17.0 22.8 9.5 6.1 16.0 54.8 48.1

Single adult offspring 18 to 29 58.9 .................. 2.0 – .4 1.3 4.8 8.2 3.7 3.3 1.5 6.7 25.0 27.3

Single adult offspring 30 years of age or over 21.3 ..... .2 .7 .3 .2 2.6 2.8 12.6 .6 1.5 3.6 9.3 8.5

Households with three generations 16.5 .............. .4 – .2 – 2.8 3.3 2.0 .6 .9 3.5 7.8 5.1

Households with 1 subfamily 11.7 ................... .4 – – – 1.5 3.4 1.7 .9 .9 2.2 5.7 3.8

Subfamily householder age under 30 5.0 .......... – – – – .9 1.6 .2 .2 .2 .7 2.4 1.9

30 to 64 5.2 ................................... .2 – – – .7 1.8 1.5 .4 .7 1.6 2.2 1.5

65 and over 1.5 ................................ .2 – – – – – – .2 – – 1.1 .4

Households with 2 or more subfamilies .6 .......... – – – – – .2 .2 – .2 – .6 –

Households with other types of relatives 42.0 ......... 3.2 .7 .4 .2 5.9 7.0 7.8 5.8 3.6 7.8 20.7 13.5

With non~relatives 37.4 ..................... 2.5 1.5 .6 1.4 2.6 3.2 4.1 5.6 .9 6.2 16.5 14.6

Co~owners or co~renters 8.6 ....................... .6 – .2 – .7 1.1 – 2.6 – 2.2 3.5 3.0

Lodgers 9.9 ..................................... .2 .9 .2 .2 .2 .9 1.1 1.1 .2 2.0 4.9 3.0

Unrelated children, under 18 years old 7.2 ........... .4 – – .7 .6 .4 .6 .6 .4 1.3 3.7 2.1

Other non~relatives 17.4 ............................ 1.3 .6 .2 1.0 1.8 1.3 2.8 1.9 .2 1.8 7.1 8.5

One or more secondary families 1.1 ................ – – – .2 – – .2 – – .2 .6 .2

2~person households, none related to each other 18.1 . 1.3 .6 .2 – .7 1.7 2.4 3.0 – 3.1 6.9 8.1

3~8 person households, none related to each

other 2.8 ....................................... .2 – – – .4 .4 .4 .8 .4 .7 1.3 .8

Educational Attainment of the

Householder

Less than 9th grade 19.2 ........................... .2 .9 – .7 3.8 5.4 10.2 2.0 2.9 5.5 6.7 7.1 9th to 12th grade, no diploma 38.0 .................. .8 2.9 .3 1.8 8.0 5.0 14.6 2.8 7.0 7.7 13.2 17.2 High school graduate (includes equivalency) 102.6 ..... 4.8 5.1 .6 2.0 5.6 16.4 28.7 9.9 7.8 8.0 52.8 41.8 Additional vocational training 19.7 ................. 1.3 .7 .4 .4 1.2 2.6 4.4 .8 1.5 1.1 11.7 6.8 Some college, no degree 86.5 ...................... 3.6 1.8 1.3 1.1 7.2 7.7 20.4 8.0 5.8 8.2 35.1 43.2 Associate degree 44.7 ............................. 2.9 1.6 .5 .4 2.1 4.4 6.8 4.6 1.9 2.2 16.6 25.9 Bachelor’s degree 136.4 ............................ 9.8 .9 1.3 3.6 6.9 5.4 22.2 14.9 5.4 14.0 57.0 65.4 Graduate or professional degree 81.2 ................ 5.3 .4 .7 2.0 3.8 3.0 11.6 9.6 3.1 13.6 37.9 29.7 Percent high school graduate or higher 92.6 .......... 101.0 76.8 102.0 82.1 71.8 83.6 82.2 92.3 75.3 79.5 96.3 92.4 Percent bachelor’s degree or higher 42.8 ............. 55.1 9.3 42.0 47.9 28.6 17.9 29.5 47.2 25.0 46.6 43.3 41.3

Year Householder Moved Into Unit

2000 to 2004 – ................................. – –– – – – – – – – – –

1995 to 1999 125.7 ................................. 25.6 5.0 1.2 3.2 8.1 13.0 8.8 51.8 6.8 12.7 58.1 54.9

1990 to 1994 104.4 ................................. 1.7 2.5 1.1 3.0 5.3 11.1 9.6 ... 4.0 11.1 42.6 50.7

1985 to 1989 87.3 ................................. – 2.7 .4 2.6 5.3 8.1 12.6 ... 4.3 9.9 33.9 43.5

1980 to 1984 47.0 ................................. – .9 .4 1.3 2.6 2.8 8.6 ... 2.4 4.6 19.9 22.5

1975 to 1979 47.1 ................................. – 1.3 – .6 5.8 3.9 11.1 ... 2.5 5.7 19.1 22.3

1970 to 1974 33.6 ................................. – .4 .9 .4 4.3 1.6 14.9 ... 4.5 5.9 15.3 12.4

1960 to 1969 33.6 ................................. – .6 .6 .2 3.5 4.1 21.8 ... 4.6 4.0 15.4 14.3

1950 to 1959 21.9 ................................. – – .2 – 1.3 2.2 19.7 ... 3.0 3.7 9.9 8.3

1940 to 1949 5.9 ................................. – – – – 1.3 .5 5.5 ... .8 .9 4.0 1.1

1939 or earlier 2.0 ................................ – – – .2 – – 2.0 ... .9 .7 1.1 .2

Median 1989 ...................................... 1995+ 1992 ... 1991 1985 1990 1973 1995+ 1981 1987 1989 1989

Household Moves and Formation in Last

Year

Total with a move in last year 85.9 ........... 14.1 1.9 .9 2.3 5.9 11.2 6.0 51.8 4.9 11.1 39.4 35.4

Household all moved here from one unit 44.8 ......... 11.2 .6 .2 1.7 3.0 4.7 3.6 44.8 3.4 4.0 19.7 21.0

Householder of previous unit did not move

here ... ...................................... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Householder of previous unit moved here ... ...... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Householder of previous unit not reported ... ...... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Household moved here from two or more units 6.4 ... 1.2 .7 – .2 .2 .5 – 6.4 .2 1.3 2.5 2.5

No previous householder moved here ... ......... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

1 previous householder moved here ... ........... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

2 or more previous householders moved here ... .. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Previous householder(s) not reported ... ......... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Some already here, rest moved in 34.7 .............. 1.7 .6 .7 .5 2.7 6.1 2.4 .7 1.3 5.8 17.2 11.8

No previous householder moved here ... ......... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 1 or more previous householders moved here ... .. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Previous householder(s) not reported ... ......... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Number of previous units not reported – ........... – –– – – – – – – – – –

1See back cover for details.

2Figures may not add to total because more than one category may apply to a unit.

60 AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 3~10. Previous Unit of Recent MoversmOwner Occupied Units

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Selected subareas1

Physical problems Total

occupied

units

New con~

struction

4 years

Mobile

homes Severe Moderate Black Hispanic

Elderly

(65 years

and over)

Moved in

past year

Below

poverty

level Area one Area two Area three

UNITS WHERE HOUSEHOLDER MOVED

DURING PAST YEAR

Total 50.8 ................................ 12.4 1.3 .2 1.9 3.4 5.1 3.6 50.8 3.2 5.1 22.3 23.4

Location of Previous Unit

Inside same PMSA ... ............................ ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

In central city(s) ... ............................ ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Not in central city(s) ... ......................... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Inside different PMSA in same state ... ............. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

In central city(s) ... ............................ ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Not in central city(s) ... ......................... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Inside different PMSA in different state ... .......... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

In central city(s) ... ............................ ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Not in central city(s) ... ......................... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Outside any metropolitan area ... .................. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Same state ... ................................ ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Different state ... .............................. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Different nation ... ............................... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Structure Type of Previous Residence

Moved from within United States 50.8 ........ 12.4 1.3 .2 1.9 3.4 5.1 3.6 50.8 3.2 5.1 22.3 23.4

House 32.7 ....................................... 9.3 .6 .2 1.0 1.3 3.5 2.5 32.7 1.8 2.9 13.7 16.0

Apartment 10.3 ................................... 2.0 .7 – .4 .8 1.1 .5 10.3 .6 2.0 4.7 3.6

Mobile home .6 ................................. – – – – – – – .6 – – .4 .2

Other 2.8 ....................................... .2 – – .2 .2 .2 .4 2.8 .2 – 1.7 1.0

Not reported 4.4 ................................. .8 – – .2 1.0 .4 .2 4.4 .6 .2 1.7 2.5

Tenure of Previous Residence

House, apt., mobile home in United

States 43.6 .............................. 11.4 1.3 .2 1.4 2.2 4.5 3.0 43.6 2.4 4.9 18.8 19.8

Owner occupied 22.9 .............................. 6.8 – .2 .4 .4 1.7 2.4 22.9 .9 2.4 9.6 10.9

Renter occupied 20.7 .............................. 4.5 1.3 – 1.0 1.7 2.8 .6 20.7 1.5 2.5 9.2 9.0

Persons m Previous Residence

House, apt., mobile home in United

States 43.6 .............................. 11.4 1.3 .2 1.4 2.2 4.5 3.0 43.6 2.4 4.9 18.8 19.8

1 person 4.8 ..................................... .9 .3 – .2 – .5 .7 4.8 .2 – 2.4 2.4

2 persons 14.8 .................................... 4.4 .7 .2 .3 1.1 1.5 1.2 14.8 1.3 2.5 5.9 6.5

3 persons 7.7 .................................... 2.4 .3 – – .6 .2 .2 7.7 – 1.5 4.1 2.0

4 persons 7.9 .................................... 1.7 – – .2 – .8 .4 7.9 .2 .4 3.0 4.5

5 persons 2.9 .................................... 1.2 – – – – .4 – 2.9 – .2 1.2 1.4

6 persons 2.4 .................................... .6 – – .2 .2 .6 – 2.4 .2 .2 .9 1.3

7 persons or more .9 ............................ .2 – – .2 – .5 – .9 – – .5 .4

Not reported 2.2 ................................. – – – .2 .2 – .4 2.2 .4 – .9 1.3

Median 2.6 ...................................... 2.7 ... ... ... ... ... ... 2.6 ... ... 2.7 2.7

Previous Home Owned or Rented by

Someone Who Moved Here

House, apt., mobile home in United

States 43.6 .............................. 11.4 1.3 .2 1.4 2.2 4.5 3.0 43.6 2.4 4.9 18.8 19.8 Owned or rented by a mover 37.4 ................... 10.5 1.0 .2 1.2 2.0 4.1 2.6 37.4 1.7 4.4 16.2 16.7 Owned or rented by other 4.5 ...................... .9 .3 – – – .4 – 4.5 .4 .5 1.9 2.1

By a relative 3.1 ................................ .6 .3 – – – .4 – 3.1 – – 1.5 1.6

By a nonrelative 1.3 ............................ .2 – – – – – – 1.3 .4 .5 .4 .4

Not reported – ............................... – –– – – – – – – – – –

Not reported 1.7 ................................. – – – .2 .2 – .4 1.7 .2 – .6 1.1

Change in Housing Costs

House, apt., mobile home in United

States 43.6 .............................. 11.4 1.3 .2 1.4 2.2 4.5 3.0 43.6 2.4 4.9 18.8 19.8

Increased with move 31.4 .......................... 8.9 .9 – .6 1.5 3.4 1.2 31.4 .9 4.2 14.4 12.8

Decreased 4.9 ................................... .9 .4 .2 .2 – .7 .9 4.9 .7 .2 1.9 2.8

Stayed about the same 5.3 ........................ 1.6 – – .3 .5 .2 .3 5.3 .6 .5 2.1 2.8

Don’t know .5 ................................... – – – – – .2 .2 .5 – – – .5 Not reported 1.5 ................................. – – – .2 .2 – .4 1.5 .2 – .4 1.1

1See back cover for details.

AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998 61

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 3~11. Reasons for Move and Choice of Current ResidencemOwner Occupied Units

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Selected subareas1

Physical problems Total

occupied

units

New con~

struction

4 years

Mobile

homes Severe Moderate Black Hispanic

Elderly

(65 years

and over)

Moved in

past year

Below

poverty

level Area one Area two Area three

RESPONDENT MOVED DURING PAST

YEAR

Total 52.5 ................................ 12.4 1.3 .2 1.9 3.9 5.3 4.1 51.8 3.8 5.8 23.1 23.6

Reasons for Leaving Previous Unit2

Private displacement 1.7 .......................... – – – – – .4 – 1.7 .2 .2 1.1 .4

Owner to move into unit .9 ..................... – – – – – – – .9 – .2 .4 .2

To be converted to condominium or

cooperative .2 ............................... – – – – – – – .2 .2 – .2 –

Closed for repairs – ........................... – –– – – – – – – – – –

Other .6 ..................................... – – – – – .4 – .6 – – .4 .2

Not reported – ............................... – –– – – – – – – – – –

Government displacement .3 ..................... .1 – – – – – – .3 .2 – – .3

Government wanted building or land .3 .......... .1 – – – – – – .3 .2 – – .3

Unit unfit for occupancy – ...................... – –– – – – – – – – – –

Other – ..................................... – –– – – – – – – – – –

Not reported – ............................... – –– – – – – – – – – –

Disaster loss (fire, flood, etc.) – ................... – –– – – – – – – – – –

New job or job transfer 5.9 ........................ 2.8 .3 – – .4 .3 – 5.9 .4 .2 3.2 2.5

To be closer to work/school/other 5.3 ............... 2.0 .3 – .2 – .4 .2 5.3 – .4 2.1 2.8

Other, financial/employment related 3.3 ............. .4 .4 – – – .2 – 3.3 .2 – 1.8 1.5

To establish own household 11.3 .................... 2.3 .6 – .2 1.1 1.5 .7 11.1 .8 1.1 5.7 4.5

Needed larger house or apartment 7.0 .............. 1.4 – – – .4 .4 – 7.0 .2 .9 3.3 2.8

Married .9 ...................................... .2 – – – – .2 – .9 – .2 .2 .4

Widowed, divorced or separated 1.7 ................ .2 – .2 – – – .2 1.7 – .5 .2 1.1

Other, family/person related 3.4 .................... .8 – – – – .4 .6 3.2 .4 .4 1.5 1.5

Wanted better home 7.7 .......................... 2.7 – – – .2 .8 – 7.7 .2 1.1 3.9 2.7

Change from owner to renter – ................... – –– – – – – – – – – –

Change from renter to owner 10.6 ................... 2.6 .3 – .7 .7 1.3 – 10.6 .2 1.8 4.5 4.4

Wanted lower rent or maintenance 1.5 .............. – – – – – .2 .4 1.5 .2 – .6 .9

Other housing related reasons 2.9 .................. .4 .3 – – .2 .9 .8 2.9 – – 1.3 1.6

Other 5.6 ....................................... 1.4 .3 – .3 .2 .2 .5 5.3 .2 .9 1.8 2.9

Not reported 6.8 ................................. .8 – – .7 1.5 .6 1.1 6.6 .8 .6 2.4 3.8

Main Reason for Leaving Previous Unit

All reported reasons equal 1.0 ..................... .2 .3 – – – .2 .3 1.0 – – .2 .8

Private displacement .8 .......................... – – – – – .4 – .8 .2 – .6 .2

Government displacement .3 ..................... .1 – – – – – – .3 .2 – – .3

Disaster loss (fire, flood, etc.) – ................... – –– – – – – – – – – –

New job or job transfer 5.3 ........................ 2.5 – – – .4 .3 – 5.3 .4 .2 2.6 2.5

To be closer to work/school/other 2.9 ............... 1.0 .3 – .2 – .4 .2 2.9 – .2 1.2 1.5

Other, financial/employment related 1.8 ............. .2 .4 – – – .2 – 1.8 .2 – .9 .8

To establish own household 5.8 .................... 1.1 – – .2 .9 .6 .4 5.6 .6 .2 3.2 2.3

Needed larger house or apartment 4.8 .............. 1.1 – – – .4 .2 – 4.8 .2 .9 2.0 1.9

Married, widowed, divorced, or separated 2.2 ........ .4 – .2 – – .2 .2 2.2 – .7 .7 .9

Other, family/personal related 2.2 .................. .4 – – – – .2 .6 1.9 .4 .2 .8 1.1

Wanted better home 3.5 .......................... 1.3 – – – – .2 – 3.5 – .8 2.3 .4

Change from owner to renter or renter to owner 8.7 ... 1.9 – – .7 .7 1.1 – 8.7 .2 1.6 3.3 3.8

Wanted lower rent or maintenance .6 .............. – – – – – – .4 .6 .2 – .6 –

Other housing related reasons 1.5 .................. .2 – – – – .7 .2 1.5 – – .4 1.1

Other 3.4 ....................................... 1.2 .3 – .1 – – .5 3.4 .2 – 1.4 2.0

Not reported 7.7 ................................. .8 – – .7 1.5 .6 1.1 7.4 .8 .9 2.8 4.0

Choice of Present Neighborhood2

Convenient to job 14.8 ............................. 4.9 .3 .2 .3 1.3 .9 .5 14.6 1.1 1.6 6.1 7.2

Convenient to friends or relatives 10.6 ............... 2.2 .3 .2 .1 .4 .9 .8 10.3 1.1 1.4 2.7 6.5

Convenient to leisure activities 6.3 .................. 2.4 – – .1 .4 .4 .7 6.3 – .4 1.8 4.0

Convenient to public transportation 5.7 .............. 1.0 .4 – .1 .4 .6 .1 5.7 .4 1.1 1.3 3.2

Good schools 7.2 ................................ 1.9 .6 – .2 .2 .6 – 7.2 .2 .4 2.5 4.3

Other public services 2.8 .......................... 1.1 – – – .2 – – 2.8 – .2 .8 1.7

Looks/design of neighborhood 19.0 .................. 5.6 .7 – .2 .6 1.4 1.4 19.0 .4 1.9 9.0 8.1

House was most important consideration 17.0 ........ 3.3 .3 – .2 1.1 1.7 .7 17.0 .4 1.6 8.1 7.4

Other 7.3 ....................................... 1.3 .3 – .2 .5 .7 .4 7.3 .4 1.1 3.1 3.0

Not reported 8.4 ................................. .8 – – .7 1.7 1.2 1.1 8.2 .8 1.1 2.6 4.6

Main Reason for Choice of Present

Neighborhood

All reported reasons equal 2.5 ..................... .5 .6 – – – .2 .3 2.5 – – 1.0 1.6

Convenient to job 9.1 ............................. 3.4 – .2 .2 .9 .4 .4 8.8 1.1 1.1 3.7 4.2

Convenient to friends or relatives 3.9 ............... .9 – – – – .7 .4 3.7 .6 .7 1.7 1.5

Convenient to leisure activities .8 .................. .4 – – – – – .2 .8 – – .2 .6

Convenient to public transportation .4 .............. – – – – – – – .4 .2 .2 .2 –

Good schools 2.6 ................................ .4 – – .2 – .2 – 2.6 .2 – .9 1.7

Other public services .2 .......................... – – – – – – – .2 – – .2 – Looks/design of neighborhood 9.8 .................. 2.9 .4 – .2 .2 1.0 .9 9.8 .4 1.5 4.9 3.4 House was most important consideration 9.9 ........ 2.0 – – .2 .6 .9 .2 9.9 .4 .5 5.4 4.0 Other 4.8 ....................................... .9 .3 – .2 .5 .7 .4 4.8 – .7 2.2 2.0 Not reported 8.5 ................................. .9 – – .8 1.7 1.2 1.2 8.3 .8 1.1 2.7 4.6

Neighborhood Search

Looked at just this neighborhood 11.6 ................ 1.7 .3 .2 .2 1.1 1.3 1.5 11.1 .6 1.6 4.1 5.8

Looked at other neighborhood(s) 34.8 ............... 9.9 1.0 – 1.2 1.3 3.6 1.7 34.8 2.4 3.8 16.8 14.2

Not reported 6.1 ................................. .8 – – .4 1.5 .4 .9 5.9 .8 .4 2.2 3.5

Choice of Present Home2

Financial reasons 16.6 ............................. 4.0 .3 .2 .7 1.1 1.7 1.3 16.6 1.3 1.8 6.9 7.9

Room layout/design 21.7 ........................... 6.7 .3 – .5 .6 2.1 1.2 21.7 .9 2.5 8.3 10.9

Kitchen 5.7 ...................................... 1.9 .3 – – .4 .4 – 5.7 – .5 2.7 2.6

Size 14.7 ......................................... 4.7 .9 – .1 1.1 .9 1.1 14.4 – 2.0 5.5 7.2

Exterior appearance 10.4 ........................... 2.7 .6 – .2 .4 1.5 .7 10.4 – .9 3.8 5.6

Yard/trees/view 11.2 ............................... 2.3 .3 – .2 .4 .4 .2 11.2 .4 1.6 4.9 4.7

Quality of construction 8.6 ......................... 2.8 .6 – – .7 .7 .7 8.6 .4 .6 3.3 4.7

Only one available 3.8 ............................ 1.2 .3 – – .2 .5 .2 3.8 – .6 2.5 .6

Other 6.9 ....................................... 1.1 .4 – .4 .2 .4 .4 6.9 .2 1.1 4.7 1.1

62 AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 3~11. Reasons for Move and Choice of Current ResidencemOwner Occupied UnitsmCon.

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Selected subareas1

Physical problems Total

occupied

units

New con~

struction

4 years

Mobile

homes Severe Moderate Black Hispanic

Elderly

(65 years

and over)

Moved in

past year

Below

poverty

level Area one Area two Area three

RESPONDENT MOVED DURING PAST

YEARmCon.

Main Reason for Choice of Present

Home

All reported reasons equal 5.1 ..................... 1.4 .6 – – .2 .7 .3 5.1 – .7 1.8 2.6

Financial reasons 10.7 ............................. 2.4 – .2 .4 .7 1.2 1.1 10.7 1.3 1.1 4.2 5.4

Room layout/design 11.5 ........................... 3.1 – – .3 – 1.1 .8 11.5 .7 1.4 4.3 5.8

Kitchen .2 ...................................... – – – – – – – .2 – – – .2

Size 4.2 ......................................... 1.3 .3 – – .4 .5 .4 3.9 – .7 1.1 2.4

Exterior appearance 2.4 ........................... .6 – – – – .4 – 2.4 – .2 .9 1.3

Yard/trees/view 2.5 ............................... .4 – – .2 – – – 2.5 .4 .2 1.3 1.0

Quality of construction 1.0 ......................... .6 – – – .2 .2 – 1.0 .2 .2 .7 .2

Only one available 1.6 ............................ .2 – – – .2 .2 .2 1.6 – – 1.3 .2

Other 5.3 ....................................... .9 .4 – .2 .2 .4 .2 5.3 .2 .7 3.8 .9

Not reported 7.9 ................................. 1.5 – – .7 1.9 .6 1.1 7.5 1.0 .7 3.7 3.6

Home Search

Now in house 46.9 ................................ 11.9 ... .2 1.0 3.7 4.9 3.3 46.2 3.4 5.6 19.4 21.9

Did not look at apartments 36.4 ................... 9.7 ... .2 .6 2.2 3.8 2.2 35.9 2.2 4.9 15.1 16.3

Looked at apartments too 4.8 .................... 1.3 ... – – – .7 .2 4.8 .4 .2 2.6 2.0

Search not reported 5.7 ......................... .8 ... – .4 1.5 .4 .9 5.5 .8 .4 1.7 3.6

Now in mobile home 1.3 .......................... .3 1.3 – – – – .3 1.3 – – .7 .6

Did not look at apartments 1.3 ................... .3 1.3 – – – – .3 1.3 – – .7 .6

Looked at apartments too – .................... – –– – – – – – – – – –

Search not reported – ......................... – –– – – – – – – – – –

Now in apartment 4.3 ............................. .2 ... – .9 .2 .5 .4 4.3 .4 .2 3.0 1.1

Did not look at houses 2.2 ....................... .2 ... – .4 – .3 .2 2.2 – .2 1.3 .7

Looked at houses too .8 ....................... – ... – .2 .2 .2 – .8 .4 – .8 –

Search not reported 1.3 ......................... – ... – .2 – – .2 1.3 – – .9 .4

Recent Mover Comparison to Previous

Home

Better home 32.8 .................................. 9.1 1.0 – .9 2.2 3.0 1.3 32.6 1.7 4.0 15.7 13.1 Worse home 4.6 ................................. .9 – .2 .2 .2 .4 .4 4.6 .7 .5 1.5 2.6 About the same 8.4 .............................. 1.6 .3 – .3 – 1.5 1.5 8.2 .6 .7 3.6 4.2 Not reported 6.8 ................................. .8 – – .4 1.5 .4 .9 6.5 .8 .7 2.4 3.7

Recent Mover Comparison to Previous

Neighborhood

Better neighborhood 24.7 .......................... 7.3 .9 – 1.1 .9 2.1 1.4 24.5 1.7 2.7 11.7 10.4

Worse neighborhood 3.3 .......................... .6 – .2 .2 .2 .6 .2 3.3 .2 .7 1.1 1.5

About the same 17.3 .............................. 3.3 .4 – .1 1.3 2.0 1.6 17.1 1.1 1.4 8.1 7.9

Same neighborhood .4 ........................... – – – – – .2 – .4 – .2 – .2

Not reported 6.7 ................................. 1.2 – – .4 1.5 .4 .9 6.5 .8 .8 2.4 3.5

1See back cover for details.

2Figures may not add to total because more than one category may apply to a unit.

AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998 63

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 3~12. Income CharacteristicsmOwner Occupied Units

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Selected subareas1

Physical problems Total

occupied

units

New con~

struction

4 years

Mobile

homes Severe Moderate Black Hispanic

Elderly

(65 years

and over)

Moved in

past year

Below

poverty

level Area one Area two Area three

Total 508.6 ................................ 27.3 13.5 4.8 11.6 37.6 47.3 114.5 51.8 33.8 59.2 219.2 230.2

Household Income

Less than $5,000 20.2 ............................. .2 – – .9 1.5 2.2 11.6 2.5 20.2 4.2 7.4 8.6 $5,000 to $9,999 14.0 ............................. – .6 – .2 2.2 1.9 8.7 1.1 11.2 2.9 5.7 5.3 $10,000 to $14,999 14.4 ........................... .4 1.0 – – 2.0 1.0 10.3 .9 2.0 1.8 5.5 7.1 $15,000 to $19,999 16.4 ........................... .2 2.6 .8 .3 1.7 1.9 10.4 1.0 – 1.8 6.3 8.3 $20,000 to $24,999 13.0 ........................... – 1.5 .8 – 1.9 2.2 6.0 .2 .2 2.3 3.5 7.2 $25,000 to $29,999 21.9 ........................... .2 1.6 .6 .6 1.4 2.9 10.7 1.3 – 2.8 9.9 9.1 $30,000 to $34,999 18.6 ........................... .3 .9 – .7 1.4 1.3 8.3 1.0 – 2.9 7.0 8.6 $35,000 to $39,999 19.8 ........................... 1.1 1.3 – .8 1.1 2.8 5.7 2.8 .2 1.3 8.7 9.8 $40,000 to $49,999 42.4 ........................... 1.7 1.2 .4 1.1 5.1 5.0 10.1 3.9 – 3.9 20.5 18.0 $50,000 to $59,999 41.9 ........................... 1.2 1.3 .4 1.4 3.1 5.4 7.9 5.2 – 6.9 18.1 16.9 $60,000 to $79,999 71.8 ........................... 3.9 .6 .2 1.5 7.6 7.5 10.2 8.5 – 9.8 29.8 32.3 $80,000 to $99,999 66.3 ........................... 4.9 .6 1.3 1.5 3.1 6.7 4.3 8.1 – 4.7 34.4 27.2 $100,000 to $119,999 45.2 ......................... 4.2 – – .2 2.6 2.1 3.2 4.0 – 3.7 20.6 20.8 $120,000 or more 102.9 ............................. 9.0 .3 .2 2.3 3.0 4.5 7.3 11.4 – 10.1 41.8 51.0 Median 68 868 ...................................... 98 230 28 287 ... 57 882 51 579 54 646 29 805 74 269 5000~ 58 106 71 414 70 020

As percent of poverty level:

Less than 50 percent 21.5 .......................... .2 – – .9 1.7 2.4 11.7 2.9 21.5 4.8 7.4 9.2 50 to 99 12.3 ..................................... – .6 – .2 2.2 2.2 7.2 .7 12.3 2.9 5.7 3.7 100 to 149 16.7 ................................... .4 .3 .2 – 1.5 1.5 8.9 1.5 ... 2.2 6.5 7.9 150 to 199 21.5 ................................... .4 1.6 .6 .7 2.0 4.7 10.2 1.2 ... 2.9 7.1 11.4 200 percent or more 436.6 .......................... 26.2 10.9 4.0 9.7 30.1 36.5 76.6 45.5 ... 46.3 192.4 198.0

Income of Families and Primary

Individuals

Less than $5,000 21.9 ............................. .2 – – .9 1.5 2.6 12.1 2.7 20.2 4.6 7.6 9.6

$5,000 to $9,999 15.4 ............................. – 1.0 – .4 2.2 1.9 8.9 1.1 11.2 3.2 6.6 5.6

$10,000 to $14,999 14.8 ........................... .4 1.0 – .2 2.0 1.0 10.7 1.1 2.0 1.8 5.7 7.3

$15,000 to $19,999 16.6 ........................... .2 2.6 .8 .3 1.7 1.9 10.6 1.0 – 1.8 6.3 8.5

$20,000 to $24,999 13.9 ........................... – 1.5 .8 .2 2.3 2.2 6.4 .4 .2 2.6 4.0 7.4

$25,000 to $29,999 22.2 ........................... .2 1.9 .6 .9 1.4 2.7 10.5 1.3 – 3.1 10.6 8.5

$30,000 to $34,999 19.0 ........................... .5 .6 – .4 1.6 1.8 8.7 1.2 – 3.1 6.5 9.4

$35,000 to $39,999 20.1 ........................... 1.1 1.6 – .6 1.1 2.8 5.3 2.8 .2 1.3 8.8 10.1

$40,000 to $49,999 45.4 ........................... 1.9 1.2 .4 .9 4.9 5.2 9.9 4.3 – 4.6 21.7 19.1

$50,000 to $59,999 42.2 ........................... 1.4 1.3 .4 1.1 3.1 5.8 7.7 5.0 – 6.5 18.6 17.1

$60,000 to $79,999 71.6 ........................... 3.5 .3 .4 1.5 8.0 6.8 9.7 8.1 – 10.5 29.5 31.6

$80,000 to $99,999 62.3 ........................... 4.9 .3 1.0 1.5 2.4 6.1 4.1 8.1 – 2.8 33.1 26.3

$100,000 to $119,999 42.6 ......................... 4.0 – – .2 2.6 2.3 3.0 3.3 – 3.5 19.4 19.7

$120,000 or more 100.7 ............................. 9.0 .3 .2 2.3 2.8 4.3 7.1 11.4 – 9.9 40.7 50.1

Median 66 381 ...................................... 97 377 26 949 ... 57 312 50 168 52 816 29 078 72 354 5000~ 55 587 68 849 68 016

Income Sources of Families and Primary

Individuals2

Wages and salaries 405.5 ........................... 25.6 8.4 4.4 9.8 31.0 39.4 34.2 46.0 8.7 44.5 182.3 178.7 Wages and salaries were majority of income 364.4 ... 24.9 7.4 3.3 9.1 27.5 37.0 19.1 44.3 7.0 40.1 165.3 159.0 2 or more people each earned over 20% of

wages and salaries 156.6 ...................... 11.1 1.3 1.5 4.6 11.0 19.8 6.0 17.8 2.4 17.4 73.4 65.8 Business, farm, or ranch 75.8 ....................... 3.2 .3 .9 2.1 2.8 5.2 7.5 5.1 3.8 6.4 31.8 37.6 Social security or pensions 152.3 ..................... 3.9 6.7 1.7 2.8 14.1 11.9 108.3 7.6 17.3 20.6 58.0 73.7 Interest 281.7 ...................................... 16.6 6.6 2.4 6.0 13.8 18.5 74.8 27.8 13.2 28.3 129.2 124.3 Stock dividend(s) 178.6 ............................. 10.8 2.8 1.8 3.6 8.3 7.8 46.0 17.4 8.6 19.8 76.5 82.4 Rental income with lodger(s) 71.0 ................... 2.7 .6 .6 1.7 5.1 3.7 18.1 5.7 4.4 12.0 28.8 30.3 Welfare or SSI 13.8 ............................... .2 1.2 .8 .2 2.6 1.9 3.4 1.2 1.5 3.1 3.7 6.9 Alimony or child support 14.3 ....................... 1.0 1.8 .5 .9 1.4 1.5 .4 1.2 .2 1.6 6.5 6.2 Other 60.7 ....................................... 2.9 2.8 .9 2.2 6.0 6.0 11.2 5.7 3.5 10.3 27.1 23.2

Amount of Savings and Investments

Income of $25,000 or less 87.8 ............. 1.1 6.6 2.0 2.1 9.8 10.3 52.0 6.5 33.6 14.3 32.8 40.6

No savings or investments 25.3 ..................... .2 2.5 .8 .4 3.6 4.7 14.6 2.8 11.3 5.2 8.5 11.6

$25,000 or less 19.5 ............................... .2 2.2 .7 1.2 1.8 2.6 12.7 1.2 6.5 3.1 7.6 8.8

More than $25,000 20.4 ............................ – .7 .4 .2 1.1 1.2 13.8 1.1 6.6 2.4 9.2 8.9

Not reported 22.5 ................................. .6 1.2 – .2 3.4 1.8 10.9 1.4 9.1 3.6 7.5 11.4

Food Stamps

Income of $25,000 or less 87.8 ............. 1.1 6.6 2.0 2.1 9.8 10.3 52.0 6.5 33.6 14.3 32.8 40.6

Family members received food stamps 1.7 .......... – – .2 .2 .2 .5 .4 .4 .9 .5 .7 .6

Did not receive food stamps 74.0 .................... .8 6.3 1.8 1.6 7.5 8.8 48.2 5.1 27.7 12.2 27.6 34.3

Not reported 12.0 ................................. .2 .3 – .2 2.1 1.0 3.4 1.0 5.1 1.7 4.6 5.7

1See back cover for details.

2Figures may not add to total because more than one category may apply to a unit.

64 AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 3~13. Selected Housing CostsmOwner Occupied Units

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Selected subareas1

Physical problems Total

occupied

units

New con~

struction

4 years

Mobile

homes Severe Moderate Black Hispanic

Elderly

(65 years

and over)

Moved in

past year

Below

poverty

level Area one Area two Area three

Total 508.6 ................................ 27.3 13.5 4.8 11.6 37.6 47.3 114.5 51.8 33.8 59.2 219.2 230.2

Monthly Housing Costs

Less than $100 3.4 ............................... – .6 – – – .4 1.2 1.5 .6 .5 1.7 1.3

$100 to $199 19.6 ................................. .4 1.3 .8 .9 2.7 2.4 12.0 1.7 2.9 2.6 8.6 8.5

$200 to $249 25.1 ................................. – .3 .3 .2 2.0 2.8 15.2 .6 3.3 3.2 11.3 10.6

$250 to $299 26.6 ................................. .4 .3 .2 .5 2.8 4.6 12.2 1.0 3.2 4.2 12.2 10.2

$300 to $349 24.9 ................................. .2 1.5 .3 .5 1.7 3.3 10.8 2.3 2.6 3.5 9.3 12.0

$350 to $399 17.8 ................................. .2 .6 – .7 .5 1.5 6.0 .7 1.3 2.2 6.1 9.5

$400 to $449 14.5 ................................. .4 .6 .2 .2 .9 1.4 5.4 1.1 1.5 1.3 6.4 6.8

$450 to $499 13.9 ................................. .2 .7 – .5 1.3 1.9 6.1 .9 1.6 1.8 5.5 6.6

$500 to $599 23.4 ................................. 1.1 2.3 – .2 3.3 2.1 8.6 2.5 2.2 4.9 7.5 11.0

$600 to $699 20.8 ................................. .4 1.9 .2 .3 3.1 1.1 7.8 .9 1.5 3.1 7.3 10.4

$700 to $799 16.3 ................................. .2 1.2 – .4 2.6 1.4 5.8 .5 1.1 3.1 6.2 7.0

$800 to $999 33.1 ................................. 1.0 1.3 .6 .4 2.4 3.1 8.3 3.9 1.5 4.2 11.8 17.1

$1,000 to $1,249 43.1 ............................. 1.1 .3 .7 1.5 2.2 4.5 5.3 4.3 3.0 4.2 18.0 20.9

$1,250 to $1,499 47.3 ............................. 2.4 .3 .6 1.1 4.0 4.3 2.2 5.4 1.5 3.5 22.5 21.4

$1,500 or more 178.8 ............................... 19.2 .3 .9 4.2 8.1 12.4 7.4 24.4 6.0 17.0 84.9 76.9

No cash rent ... ................................. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Median (excludes no cash rent) 1 086 ............... 1500+ 537 ... 1 170 720 846 398 1 429 497 777 1 218 1 049

Median Monthly Housing Costs for

Owners

Monthly costs including all mortgages plus

maintenance costs 1 144 .......................... 1500+ 543 ... 1 277 784 896 440 1 475 526 879 1 260 1 111

Monthly costs excluding second and

subsequent mortgages and maintenance

costs 1 075 ...................................... 1500+ 537 ... 1 170 712 843 398 1 418 497 763 1 215 1 036

Monthly Housing Costs as Percent of

Current Income2

Less than 5 percent 31.6 ........................... .7 1.2 .2 .2 2.3 4.2 7.4 3.7 – 3.8 12.9 14.9 5 to 9 percent 75.2 ................................ 2.7 1.3 .8 1.1 5.5 4.9 19.6 5.3 .2 7.9 32.9 34.4 10 to 14 percent 65.5 .............................. 1.9 1.6 .7 1.0 3.7 5.9 18.2 2.9 .2 7.2 25.7 32.6 15 to 19 percent 74.6 .............................. 4.1 1.8 .7 2.8 5.6 7.7 14.8 8.2 .4 7.8 32.0 34.9 20 to 24 percent 60.6 .............................. 4.3 .6 1.1 1.4 3.3 5.2 7.7 7.6 .7 5.5 29.2 25.9 25 to 29 percent 51.0 .............................. 3.4 1.2 – 1.4 4.1 3.4 8.0 4.8 1.1 5.1 21.1 24.8 30 to 34 percent 32.6 .............................. 2.9 1.6 – .7 2.9 3.4 5.5 4.8 1.1 3.6 15.2 13.8 35 to 39 percent 23.8 .............................. 3.1 .7 – .9 .7 2.5 4.3 3.3 .5 3.6 12.2 8.0 40 to 49 percent 28.6 .............................. 1.6 1.6 .6 .4 3.2 3.3 4.8 4.4 1.1 4.5 11.7 12.4 50 to 59 percent 15.8 .............................. 1.0 .9 .5 .2 2.4 1.3 4.3 1.7 1.0 2.2 7.7 5.9 60 to 69 percent 7.6 .............................. – – .2 – .9 .9 2.6 – 1.1 .9 3.7 3.0 70 to 99 percent 10.0 .............................. .8 1.0 – – .4 1.5 4.2 .4 2.6 1.5 3.5 4.9 100 percent or more3.......................... 22.4 .8 – – 1.1 1.7 1.9 7.6 3.5 15.5 3.3 8.5 10.6 Zero or negative income 9.4 ....................... – – – .4 .9 1.1 5.5 1.1 8.3 2.4 3.0 4.0

No cash rent ... ................................. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Median (excludes 2 previous lines) 20 ........... 25 26 ... 22 22 20 18 23 100+ 22 21 19

Median (excludes 3 lines before medians) 19 ..... 25 26 ... 20 21 20 17 22 47 20 20 19

Rent Paid by Lodgers

Lodgers in housing units 9.9 ............... .2 .9 .2 .2 .2 .9 1.1 1.1 .2 2.0 4.9 3.0

Less than $100 per month – ..................... – –– – – – – – – – – –

$100 to $199 1.0 ................................. – .3 .2 – – – .2 – – – .5 .5

$200 to $299 1.0 ................................. – .3 – – – – – – – .5 .3 .2

$300 to $399 – ................................. – –– – – – – – – – – –

$400 or more per month 6.9 ....................... .2 .3 – .2 .2 .4 .7 .9 .2 1.3 3.7 1.8

Not reported 1.1 ................................. – – – – – .4 .2 .2 – .2 .4 .4

Median 400+ ...................................... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Monthly Cost Paid for Electricity

Electricity used 508.2 ....................... 27.3 13.5 4.4 11.6 37.6 47.1 114.5 51.8 33.8 59.2 219.2 229.8 Less than $25 57.7 ................................ 1.9 4.1 .5 1.7 6.3 7.3 18.1 8.2 6.1 9.5 29.6 18.7 $25 to $49 127.6 ................................... 3.9 4.1 1.1 3.0 10.7 12.0 31.8 10.0 7.6 16.6 59.0 52.0 $50 to $74 102.4 ................................... 6.3 .6 1.1 2.3 4.8 9.8 22.1 9.9 5.8 9.3 54.6 38.5 $75 to $99 42.4 ................................... 1.6 .6 .5 .4 1.6 2.5 9.0 2.4 1.9 2.5 18.4 21.5 $100 to $149 57.0 ................................. 4.3 – .2 1.7 3.5 4.2 10.4 4.8 4.0 8.5 21.5 27.1 $150 to $199 30.3 ................................. 1.5 – .2 1.1 1.5 2.4 5.7 4.8 1.7 1.1 5.6 23.7 $200 or more 21.2 ................................. 2.6 – – .4 1.7 1.7 3.7 2.8 1.7 2.2 9.6 9.4 Median 58 ...................................... 71 29 ... 57 45 51 51 58 53 48 55 66 Included in rent, other fee, or obtained free 69.5 ....... 5.3 4.1 .8 .8 7.5 7.3 13.8 9.1 5.1 9.5 20.9 39.1

Monthly Cost Paid for Piped Gas

Piped gas used 486.8 ....................... 26.4 10.7 3.9 11.1 36.6 46.0 106.4 50.8 31.5 57.8 213.1 215.9

Less than $25 123.7 ................................ 6.1 5.0 1.7 2.4 8.5 12.3 27.8 14.0 8.8 11.1 62.8 49.8 $25 to $49 179.6 ................................... 9.6 1.9 1.1 4.1 13.4 16.1 39.8 16.8 11.5 18.8 82.6 78.2 $50 to $74 57.3 ................................... 1.3 1.3 .4 1.1 5.2 4.3 13.4 3.1 3.9 11.0 26.0 20.3 $75 to $99 18.2 ................................... .2 .7 – .2 1.3 2.0 4.0 1.5 .9 3.3 8.8 6.1 $100 to $149 14.8 ................................. 1.3 – .5 .2 .9 2.3 3.2 1.9 .9 2.2 5.0 7.6 $150 to $199 3.4 ................................. – – – .2 .4 .4 .7 .4 – .2 1.3 1.9 $200 or more 5.0 ................................. .4 – – .2 .4 .2 .6 .6 .4 .7 3.1 1.3 Median 36 ...................................... 34 25~ ... 36 37 35 36 33 35 42 35 35 Included in rent, other fee, or obtained free 84.8 ....... 7.5 1.9 .2 2.5 6.6 8.3 16.8 12.3 5.2 10.5 23.5 50.8

Average Monthly Cost Paid for Fuel Oil

Fuel oil used 27.4 ......................... .9 .3 – – 1.1 3.1 5.2 3.3 2.2 4.3 18.0 5.1

Less than $25 1.7 ................................ – – – – .5 .2 .7 – – .2 .5 1.1

$25 to $49 .5 ................................... – – – – – – .5 – .3 – .3 .2

$50 to $74 – ................................... – –– – – – – – – – – –

$75 to $99 .4 ................................... – – – – – – – – – – .4 –

$100 to $149 .7 ................................. – – – – – – – – – – .7 –

$150 to $199 – ................................. – –– – – – – – – – – –

$200 or more .2 ................................. – – – – – – – – – – – .2

Median 26 ...................................... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 86 ...

Included in rent, other fee, or obtained free 23.7 ....... .9 .3 – – .7 2.9 4.1 3.3 2.0 4.1 16.2 3.4

AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998 65

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 3~13. Selected Housing CostsmOwner Occupied UnitsmCon.

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Selected subareas1

Physical problems Total

occupied

units

New con~

struction

4 years

Mobile

homes Severe Moderate Black Hispanic

Elderly

(65 years

and over)

Moved in

past year

Below

poverty

level Area one Area two Area three

Property Insurance

Property insurance paid 486.2 ....................... 26.4 11.0 3.4 10.2 35.8 43.7 108.7 47.1 30.8 55.1 209.9 221.2

Median per month 56 ......................... 63 31 ... 48 53 47 49 54 53 70 55 54

Monthly Costs Paid for Selected Utilities

and Fuels

Water paid separately 444.3 ......................... 24.8 2.8 3.6 10.0 34.3 42.2 94.2 40.4 29.5 55.8 192.3 196.2

Median 36 .................................... 40 ... ... 33 37 35 32 34 36 40 31 40

Trash paid separately 422.7 ......................... 24.1 3.1 3.7 9.4 30.6 38.4 90.6 38.1 26.7 51.5 173.4 197.8

Median 20 .................................... 20 ... ... 21 22 21 20 19 20 22 19 21

Bottled gas paid separately 4.5 .................... – 1.8 .6 .3 .3 .3 1.0 – .9 – 2.5 2.0

Median ... .................................... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Other fuel paid separately 75.0 ...................... 3.8 – 1.3 3.0 5.0 8.4 9.0 7.6 3.9 8.8 32.6 33.6

Median 10 .................................... ... ... ... ... ... 10~ 10~ 10~ ... 10~ 10~ 14

Cost and Ownership Sharing

Ownership shared by person not living here 23.1 ...... 1.1 1.2 .2 1.5 1.1 2.4 5.6 2.1 2.8 2.2 11.8 9.1

Costs shared by person not living here 4.6 ........ .2 – .2 .4 .2 1.3 .7 .2 1.1 .4 3.5 .6

Costs not shared 18.5 ........................... .9 1.2 – 1.1 .9 1.1 4.9 1.9 1.8 1.7 8.3 8.5

Cost sharing not reported – .................... – –– – – – – – – – – –

Ownership not shared 454.2 ......................... 24.3 11.3 4.3 8.9 31.7 43.0 104.5 44.0 26.6 52.5 197.9 203.7

Costs shared by person not living here 1.9 ........ .2 – .2 – .7 .2 .2 .2 – 1.1 .8 –

Costs not shared 452.2 ........................... 24.1 11.3 4.1 8.9 31.1 42.8 104.3 43.8 26.6 51.4 197.1 203.7

Cost sharing not reported – .................... – –– – – – – – – – – –

Ownership sharing not reported 31.4 ................ 1.9 .9 .2 1.1 4.8 1.9 4.4 5.7 4.4 4.5 9.5 17.4

Monthly Payment for Principal and

Interest

One or more regular mortgages 344.3 ................ 24.3 5.6 3.6 8.2 25.4 29.7 36.2 40.4 15.2 37.8 152.4 154.1

Less than $100 14.0 ............................. .2 1.9 .5 – 1.8 1.3 3.8 1.7 1.5 2.3 3.9 7.7

$100 to $199 9.7 ............................... – .3 – .4 1.1 .7 3.4 .2 .6 1.5 3.8 4.4

$200 to $249 5.2 ............................... .4 – – .2 1.1 .6 1.3 .2 .6 .9 2.2 2.1

$250 to $299 6.4 ............................... .2 .9 .2 .3 1.5 .4 2.0 .5 – 1.3 1.9 3.2

$300 to $349 5.6 ............................... .2 .7 – .2 1.5 – 1.8 .4 .4 1.6 1.7 2.4

$350 to $399 5.3 ............................... .4 – – – 1.0 .7 1.3 .2 – .6 2.6 2.1

$400 to $449 6.6 ............................... – .6 – – .4 .7 1.1 .8 .4 1.1 2.1 3.4

$450 to $499 5.7 ............................... .4 .6 – .2 .9 .2 2.0 .5 .2 1.1 2.4 2.2

$500 to $599 15.5 ............................... .7 – .2 .4 1.5 2.0 3.6 1.6 .8 2.0 5.6 7.9

$600 to $699 15.4 ............................... .4 .3 .4 – 1.3 2.5 4.2 1.5 .5 1.8 5.5 8.0

$700 to $799 18.4 ............................... .2 – .4 .6 .9 2.2 1.7 1.1 1.1 1.7 8.4 8.2

$800 to $999 40.7 ............................... 2.0 .3 .4 1.5 2.1 4.3 2.8 4.3 3.0 3.6 16.4 20.7

$1,000 to $1,249 56.1 ........................... 2.5 – .7 1.3 5.0 4.8 1.8 6.5 1.5 5.8 26.4 24.0

$1,250 to $1,499 52.2 ........................... 3.2 – .2 1.5 2.8 6.0 1.9 7.2 2.6 5.4 27.8 19.1

$1500 or more 87.4 ............................. 13.5 – .4 1.4 2.4 3.4 3.5 13.6 1.9 7.1 41.5 38.7

Median 1 105 .................................... 1500+ 283 ... 1 030 763 968 540 1 271 892 964 1 185 1 049

Average Monthly Cost Paid for Real

Estate Taxes

Less than $25 36.6 ................................ 3.5 10.7 .9 1.1 2.9 4.5 12.0 10.4 4.1 3.5 15.5 17.6

$25 to $49 24.5 ................................... .2 1.6 – 1.1 3.0 4.9 11.9 2.7 2.0 3.5 8.6 12.3

$50 to $74 58.2 ................................... .6 .3 .7 1.0 6.6 7.5 27.5 2.8 6.8 8.7 26.9 22.6

$75 to $99 51.5 ................................... 1.5 .3 .9 .6 3.4 4.9 18.6 2.4 3.9 5.3 21.8 24.4

$100 to $149 99.7 ................................. 2.0 .3 .9 2.1 9.8 10.9 20.9 9.1 7.2 11.4 39.3 48.9

$150 to $199 74.8 ................................. 3.0 – .9 1.7 4.7 7.0 8.7 8.6 3.5 7.3 34.7 32.9

$200 or more 163.3 ................................. 16.3 .3 .6 3.9 7.1 7.7 14.7 15.8 6.4 19.5 72.4 71.4

Median 142 ...................................... 200+ 25~ ... 147 115 109 83 142 101 138 147 139

Annual Taxes Paid per $1,000 Value

Less than $5 122.1 ................................. 6.2 8.6 1.1 1.5 5.6 13.3 52.8 13.8 12.5 11.4 58.6 52.2

$5 to $9 190.1 ..................................... 6.7 2.8 2.2 4.8 15.7 15.8 37.6 14.5 9.9 21.8 83.7 84.6

$10 to $14 148.4 ................................... 10.1 1.2 .8 3.7 11.4 14.4 16.3 16.7 6.8 19.9 59.4 69.0

$15 to $19 20.1 ................................... .8 – .2 .6 2.8 1.3 3.2 3.3 2.0 2.7 6.9 10.5

$20 to $24 6.2 ................................... .4 – – .4 .4 .7 1.5 .4 .2 .9 1.7 3.6

$25 or more 21.7 .................................. 3.0 .9 .4 .5 1.7 1.9 3.2 3.0 2.3 2.4 9.0 10.3

Median 8 ...................................... 10 5~ ... 9 9 8 6 9 7 9 8 9

Routine Maintenance in Last Year

Less than $25 per month 166.6 ...................... 17.5 8.0 1.8 4.2 11.7 17.4 49.7 20.1 13.3 15.7 82.5 68.4

$25 to $49 111.1 ................................... 2.1 2.4 1.3 .7 6.7 10.4 23.7 7.7 6.2 10.2 49.5 51.4 $50 to $74 20.7 ................................... – – .2 .4 2.0 1.7 4.8 1.5 1.3 2.9 9.1 8.7 $75 to $99 52.5 ................................... 1.9 .3 .2 1.7 3.1 4.8 8.0 2.6 3.2 7.7 20.5 24.3 $100 to $149 23.8 ................................. .4 – .4 – 2.2 2.2 5.0 1.3 .7 3.8 8.9 11.1 $150 to $199 26.4 ................................. .2 .3 – .7 1.1 2.8 3.8 1.8 .6 2.9 10.3 13.2 $200 or more per month 37.3 ....................... .7 .6 .2 2.2 2.4 2.4 3.2 3.7 1.6 5.0 14.8 17.5 Not reported 70.3 ................................. 4.5 1.9 .6 1.6 8.5 5.5 16.3 13.1 7.0 11.0 23.7 35.6 Median 37 ...................................... 25~ 25~ ... 53 36 33 25~ 25~ 25 46 33 39

Condominium and Cooperative Fee

Fee paid by owners 50.3 ................... 2.7 – .2 1.3 2.4 3.6 14.2 9.0 2.8 3.4 22.5 24.4

Less than $25 per month 1.1 ...................... – – – – – .2 – .2 – .2 .7 .2

$25 to $49 .2 ................................... – – – – – – – – – – .2 –

$50 to $74 .4 ................................... .2 – – – – .2 – .2 – – .2 .2

$75 to $99 1.0 ................................... – – – – – .2 .2 .2 – .2 .2 .6 $100 to $149 9.2 ................................. 1.5 – .2 .7 .9 .2 1.4 2.2 .9 .5 6.1 2.6 $150 to $199 17.7 ................................. .6 – – .4 .9 1.9 3.1 4.1 .2 .7 9.9 7.2 $200 or more per month 14.1 ....................... .2 – – .2 .2 .7 7.4 1.1 .4 1.1 2.8 10.2 Not reported 6.5 ................................. .2 – – – .4 .2 2.1 1.0 1.3 .7 2.5 3.4 Median 178 ...................................... ... ... ... ... ... ... 200+ 165 ... ... 163 198

66 AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 3~13. Selected Housing CostsmOwner Occupied UnitsmCon.

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Selected subareas1

Physical problems Total

occupied

units

New con~

struction

4 years

Mobile

homes Severe Moderate Black Hispanic

Elderly

(65 years

and over)

Moved in

past year

Below

poverty

level Area one Area two Area three

Other Housing Costs per Month

Homeowner association fee paid 70.1 ................ 10.4 – .2 1.4 3.4 3.6 11.8 8.1 2.3 5.2 28.6 36.4 Median 53 .................................... 73 ... ... ... ... ... 63 70 ... ... 42 69 Mobile home park fee paid 1.8 ..................... – 1.8 .3 – – .3 .6 – – – .9 .9 Median ... .................................... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Land rent fee paid 1.4 ............................ – .3 – – – – .5 – .3 – .5 .9 Median ... .................................... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

1See back cover for details.

2Beginning with 1989 this item uses current income in its calculation, see Appendix A.

3May reflect a temporary situation, living off savings or response error.

AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998 67

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 3~14. Value, Purchase Price, and Source of Down PaymentmOwner Occupied Units

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Selected subareas1

Physical problems Total

occupied

units

New con~

struction

4 years

Mobile

homes Severe Moderate Black Hispanic

Elderly

(65 years

and over)

Moved in

past year

Below

poverty

level Area one Area two

Area

three

Total 508.6 ................................ 27.3 13.5 4.8 11.6 37.6 47.3 114.5 51.8 33.8 59.2 219.2 230.2

Value

Less than $10,000 9.9 ............................ – 1.2 1.1 .2 – 1.0 2.4 2.2 1.5 .4 3.8 5.7 $10,000 to $19,999 3.5 ........................... – 2.8 .3 – 1.1 .2 .6 .3 .6 .6 1.2 1.7 $20,000 to $29,999 4.6 ........................... .2 3.1 – .3 – 1.1 1.4 .2 .2 – 2.8 1.8 $30,000 to $39,999 2.2 ........................... – .3 – .2 .2 – .6 .7 – .2 .5 1.5 $40,000 to $49,999 1.0 ........................... – .3 – – – .2 .5 .2 .5 .2 .2 .5 $50,000 to $59,999 4.5 ........................... – 1.3 – .2 1.6 .2 2.2 .2 .7 1.3 .9 2.3 $60,000 to $69,999 3.5 ........................... – 1.3 – .3 .2 1.2 1.9 .4 .2 .7 1.7 1.2 $70,000 to $79,999 6.3 ........................... – .6 – .2 1.1 .7 2.2 .2 1.8 1.6 1.8 3.0 $80,000 to $99,999 16.0 ........................... .9 1.3 – .5 1.9 2.4 4.8 2.7 .9 3.6 3.2 9.2 $100,000 to $119,999 18.0 ......................... .3 1.3 .2 .6 3.6 2.4 6.4 3.0 .9 3.6 5.2 9.2 $120,000 to $149,999 40.6 ......................... 1.3 – 1.1 1.1 6.7 6.0 10.1 4.9 1.7 7.1 9.5 24.0 $150,000 to $199,999 99.3 ......................... 4.4 – .9 2.4 9.2 13.6 26.1 7.9 8.9 11.1 39.2 49.0 $200,000 to $249,999 85.6 ......................... 1.7 – .4 2.2 5.2 8.6 16.1 7.5 6.0 6.8 45.3 33.6 $250,000 to $299,999 54.6 ......................... 3.7 – .2 .7 3.0 3.0 11.9 4.5 3.0 3.5 30.5 20.7 $300,000 or more 158.9 ............................. 14.8 – .6 2.7 3.7 6.6 27.1 16.8 7.0 18.5 73.6 66.8 Median 226 173 ...................................... 300K+ 28 770 ... 194 560 162 499 179 837 195 919 219 339 194 617 196 330 243 818 208 854

Ratio of Value to Current Income

Less than 1.5 55.2 ................................ 2.4 7.7 1.6 .9 4.0 5.7 7.0 6.9 .6 5.7 17.5 32.0

1.5 to 1.9 55.5 .................................... 3.8 1.6 .4 2.0 4.5 5.7 4.7 6.5 .3 7.4 17.7 30.4

2.0 to 2.4 54.6 .................................... 2.1 1.2 .4 1.8 4.3 4.4 4.8 5.2 – 4.0 25.7 24.9

2.5 to 2.9 56.0 .................................... 2.7 .7 .2 .7 3.9 4.8 5.0 6.5 – 5.1 25.6 25.3

3.0 to 3.9 75.9 .................................... 6.2 – .4 2.7 5.5 7.6 10.1 8.8 – 7.5 38.4 30.0

4.0 to 4.9 53.5 .................................... 3.7 1.3 .4 .9 3.3 4.9 13.0 6.5 .5 4.9 27.2 21.4

5.0 or more 148.5 .................................. 6.4 1.0 1.3 2.2 11.2 13.1 64.3 10.5 24.1 22.2 64.0 62.2

Zero or negative income 9.4 ....................... – – – .4 .9 1.1 5.5 1.1 8.3 2.4 3.0 4.0

Median 3.4 ...................................... 3.4 1.5~ ... 3.1 3.3 3.3 5.0+ 3.0 5.0+ 3.8 3.6 3.0

Other Activities on Property

Medical or commercial establishment 3.2 ............ – – – – – .4 .4 – .2 .9 1.1 1.3

Neither 505.4 ...................................... 27.3 13.5 4.8 11.6 37.6 46.9 114.1 51.8 33.6 58.3 218.1 228.9

Year Unit Acquired

2000 to 2004 – ................................. – –– – – – – – – – – – 1995 to 1999 118.2 ................................. 25.6 3.8 .9 2.6 7.8 11.8 7.2 47.9 5.5 12.5 56.7 49.1 1990 to 1994 102.4 ................................. ... 3.8 1.2 2.8 5.3 9.9 10.4 .8 3.9 10.2 42.3 49.9 1985 to 1989 84.2 ................................. ... 3.0 .7 2.6 4.4 7.9 11.8 .3 3.9 9.5 33.1 41.7

1980 to 1984 42.8 ................................. ... .9 .4 1.3 1.7 3.4 9.8 .2 2.4 3.7 17.5 21.6

1975 to 1979 48.4 ................................. ... .7 – .6 5.7 4.3 10.2 .4 2.6 5.9 18.9 23.6

1970 to 1974 37.1 ................................. ... .7 1.1 .6 4.7 1.8 14.9 .2 3.6 5.3 15.7 16.1

1960 to 1969 37.4 ................................. ... .6 .3 .4 3.3 4.1 22.1 .9 6.0 4.6 17.4 15.3

1950 to 1959 25.0 ................................. ... – .2 – 2.2 2.4 19.7 .5 3.2 3.5 10.8 10.7

1940 to 1949 8.3 ................................. ... – – – 1.5 1.3 5.9 .2 1.1 1.7 4.4 2.2

1939 or earlier 4.9 ................................ ... – – .6 .9 .2 2.4 .4 1.6 2.3 2.4 .2

Not reported – ................................. ... – – – – – – – – – – –

Median 1988 ...................................... 1995+ 1991 ... 1989 1981 1989 1972 1995+ 1978 1986 1988 1988

First Time Owners

First home ever owned 185.8 ........................ 8.3 3.7 2.6 5.1 18.2 27.6 32.7 17.4 12.0 29.0 87.9 68.9

Not first home 287.9 ................................ 17.3 8.9 2.0 5.4 14.9 17.8 76.7 28.8 17.3 25.2 120.4 142.2

Not reported 34.9 ................................. 1.6 .9 .2 1.1 4.5 1.9 5.1 5.7 4.6 5.0 10.9 19.0

Purchase Price

Home purchased or built 469.7 ....................... 25.8 11.7 4.3 9.4 31.9 44.3 106.3 44.9 28.0 51.8 206.8 211.1

Less than $10,000 10.8 .......................... – 1.3 .5 .2 1.7 1.7 8.3 .4 .7 1.3 5.2 4.4

$10,000 to $19,999 29.8 ......................... – 1.6 .2 – 2.6 2.7 23.4 .5 3.7 3.0 14.4 12.4

$20,000 to $29,999 29.0 ......................... .2 2.2 .5 .7 4.2 3.3 14.0 .4 4.5 5.1 14.2 9.8

$30,000 to $39,999 22.1 ......................... – 1.9 .4 .2 2.1 1.6 8.3 1.3 1.7 3.3 10.4 8.4

$40,000 to $49,999 12.8 ......................... – .9 .2 .5 1.3 .9 4.2 – 1.2 2.2 5.9 4.8

$50,000 to $59,999 10.9 ......................... – .9 – – 1.1 .6 4.0 – .4 .9 4.7 5.3

$60,000 to $69,999 10.7 ......................... – .6 – .2 1.5 .9 3.8 – .7 1.6 3.7 5.4

$70,000 to $79,999 14.0 ......................... .2 .6 – .2 .9 .9 4.4 1.3 .8 2.0 3.9 8.2

$80,000 to $99,999 29.4 ......................... .5 .7 .4 .7 1.5 4.6 6.4 2.8 1.6 4.3 8.9 16.3

$100,000 to $119,999 24.8 ....................... .2 .4 .2 .6 1.7 2.3 2.9 2.4 1.1 1.7 8.6 14.4

$120,000 to $149,999 43.1 ....................... 1.9 – .9 1.5 2.8 6.8 4.9 3.8 1.1 4.7 18.7 19.7

$150,000 to $199,999 69.5 ....................... 3.3 – .4 1.8 4.1 8.4 3.8 7.8 3.7 4.4 33.2 31.8 $200,000 to $249,999 47.7 ....................... 3.7 – – .6 1.3 3.0 3.5 5.9 .9 3.4 26.0 18.4 $250,000 to $299,999 27.7 ....................... 3.0 – – – .4 2.1 2.5 4.8 1.0 2.5 14.3 10.9 $300,000 or more 58.1 ........................... 11.1 – .2 1.5 .4 .9 4.2 10.6 .7 7.6 24.6 25.8 Not reported 29.3 ............................... 1.6 .6 .2 .5 4.2 3.5 7.5 2.7 4.3 3.9 10.2 15.1 Median 137 998 .................................... 283 648 32 339 ... 140 627 65 920 123 450 34 470 202 075 51 199 104 614 149 669 133 250 Received as inheritance or gift 9.0 .................. – .6 – 1.1 1.3 .9 3.2 1.5 1.7 2.0 3.7 3.3 Not reported 29.9 ................................. 1.4 1.2 .5 1.1 4.3 2.1 5.0 5.5 4.1 5.4 8.7 15.8

Major Source of Down Payment

Home purchased or built 469.7 ............... 25.8 11.7 4.3 9.4 31.9 44.3 106.3 44.9 28.0 51.8 206.8 211.1

Sale of previous home 170.6 ......................... 10.3 3.9 .6 2.3 4.7 7.7 44.2 13.9 8.0 11.6 72.3 86.8

Savings or cash on hand 220.4 ....................... 11.5 5.6 2.7 3.6 21.9 29.0 47.8 23.2 13.8 30.3 100.8 89.3

Sale of other investment 7.4 ....................... 1.1 – – .2 .4 .2 1.9 1.3 .5 .5 4.2 2.8

Borrowing, other than mortgage on this property 15.0 .. – .9 .6 .9 .7 2.5 2.8 .7 1.4 2.3 6.6 6.1

Inheritance or gift 12.5 ............................. .2 – .4 1.3 .7 .7 1.5 1.1 .7 1.8 6.3 4.4 Land where building built used for financing .2 ...... – – – – – – .2 – – – – .2 Other 15.0 ....................................... 1.3 – – .4 1.1 1.1 2.9 2.1 .7 3.2 7.0 4.9 No down payment 12.3 ............................ .6 .9 – .6 1.3 1.6 2.9 .9 .6 1.1 5.0 6.2 Not reported 16.2 ................................. .8 .3 – – 1.1 1.5 2.1 1.7 2.3 1.1 4.7 10.4

1See back cover for details.

68 AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 3~15. Mortgage CharacteristicsmOwner Occupied Units

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Selected subareas1

Physical problems Total

occupied

units

New con~

struction

4 years

Mobile

homes Severe Moderate Black Hispanic

Elderly

(65 years

and over)

Moved in

past year

Below

poverty

level Area one Area two Area three

Total 508.6 ................................ 27.3 13.5 4.8 11.6 37.6 47.3 114.5 51.8 33.8 59.2 219.2 230.2

Mortgages Currently on Property

None, owned free and clear 129.6 .................... 2.1 7.9 1.2 2.3 9.4 13.5 70.5 7.8 15.6 17.1 55.0 57.5

Reverse mortgage .2 ............................ – – – – – – .2 – – – .2 –

Regular and home equity mortgages2 ........... 62.2 2.7 – .4 1.5 5.0 4.5 6.2 4.0 2.4 7.9 27.4 26.9

Regular mortgage only 235.2 ........................ 18.5 3.7 2.4 5.6 14.6 20.4 22.8 29.3 8.8 23.0 107.4 104.9

Home equity mortgage only 14.5 .................... – – – .4 1.1 1.5 4.2 .2 .2 1.6 5.2 7.7

With regular mortgage, home equity not reported 46.8 . 3.2 1.9 .7 1.1 5.8 4.8 7.2 7.1 4.0 6.9 17.5 22.4

No regular mortgage, home equity not reported 20.0 ... .9 – – .7 1.7 2.6 3.4 3.4 2.8 2.7 6.4 10.9

Number of Regular and Home Equity

Mortgages2

1 mortgage 232.4 .................................. 17.0 3.7 2.2 5.6 14.6 20.4 26.5 26.9 9.0 23.4 102.7 106.3

2 mortgages 75.1 ................................. 4.2 – .2 1.7 5.6 5.6 5.8 6.3 2.4 7.9 35.1 32.1

3 mortgages or more 3.1 .......................... – – .4 .2 .4 – .8 .2 – .9 1.8 .4

Number not reported 68.6 .......................... 4.0 1.9 .7 1.8 7.8 7.8 11.1 10.5 6.8 10.0 24.6 34.0

Type of Home Equity Mortgage

Units with 1 or more home equity

mortgages 76.7 .......................... 2.7 – .4 2.0 6.0 6.1 10.3 4.3 2.6 9.5 32.7 34.5

Lump sum only 23.3 ............................... 1.0 – – 1.3 2.4 2.3 1.9 1.9 1.6 2.9 10.4 10.0

Credit line only 50.6 ............................... 1.7 – .4 .7 3.2 3.1 8.2 1.9 1.1 5.9 21.2 23.4

With outstanding balance 35.0 .................... 1.2 – .2 .2 2.2 1.7 5.4 1.3 .9 3.8 15.5 15.8

Both – ........................................ – –– – – – – – – – – –

Type not reported 2.9 ............................. – – – – .4 .7 .2 .4 – .7 1.1 1.1

OWNERS WITH ONE OR MORE

REGULAR MORTGAGES

Total 344.3 ................................ 24.3 5.6 3.6 8.2 25.4 29.7 36.2 40.4 15.2 37.8 152.4 154.1

Type of Primary Mortgage

FHA 28.6 ......................................... 1.5 – .5 .5 2.9 5.3 3.7 4.8 1.1 3.1 12.3 13.2

VA 10.5 .......................................... .6 – .2 .6 1.3 1.3 1.3 .9 .6 1.1 3.1 6.3

Farmers Home Administration 1.6 .................. – – – – .2 .2 .2 – .2 .2 .9 .4

Other types 263.4 .................................. 19.7 4.1 2.4 6.3 14.9 19.7 23.4 29.0 8.8 26.7 123.6 113.2

Don’t know 1.1 ................................... .2 – – – .2 .2 .4 – – .2 .6 .2

Not reported 39.1 ................................. 2.4 1.6 .5 .9 5.9 3.0 7.1 5.8 4.5 6.5 11.8 20.8

Lower Cost State and Local Mortgages

State or local program used 21.3 .................... 1.4 – .2 .9 2.8 3.3 2.8 3.0 1.7 4.4 5.9 11.0 Not used 284.7 ..................................... 20.5 4.1 2.8 6.5 16.7 22.7 27.0 31.9 9.2 26.7 134.6 123.4 Not reported 38.2 ................................. 2.4 1.6 .5 .9 5.9 3.7 6.3 5.6 4.3 6.7 11.8 19.7

Mortgage Origination

Placed new mortgage(s) 337.2 ....................... 24.3 5.6 3.3 8.2 25.0 29.5 33.2 40.2 15.0 37.2 150.0 150.1 Primary obtained when property acquired 258.1 ...... 22.8 5.4 2.7 6.2 19.1 23.6 21.2 39.6 12.4 25.1 107.0 126.0 Obtained later 79.1 .............................. 1.5 .3 .7 2.0 5.9 5.9 12.0 .6 2.6 12.0 43.0 24.1 Assumed 6.9 .................................... – – .2 – .4 .2 3.0 .2 .2 .7 2.4 3.8 Wrap~around – ................................. – –– – – – – – – – – – Combination of the above .2 ...................... – – – – – – – – – – – .2

Payment Plan of Primary Mortgage

Fixed payment, self amortizing 229.0 ................. 16.0 4.1 2.4 5.2 12.7 20.1 22.1 28.7 8.8 23.6 105.9 99.5 Adjustable rate mortgage 52.7 ...................... 3.8 – .4 1.7 4.0 4.8 3.7 3.3 1.1 5.8 25.3 21.6 Adjustable term mortgage 1.7 ...................... – – – – .4 – .6 .4 .2 – .9 .8 Graduated payment mortgage 4.9 .................. .4 – – – .7 .4 .2 .6 .2 .7 1.7 2.5 Balloon 3.5 ...................................... .4 – – – .4 – .2 .2 – – .9 2.6 Other .2 ....................................... – – – – .2 – – – – – – .2 Combination of the above 4.1 ...................... .4 – – .2 .4 .7 .2 .2 .2 .4 1.5 2.1 Not reported 48.2 ................................. 3.2 1.6 .7 1.1 6.5 3.6 9.1 6.8 4.7 7.4 16.2 24.6

Payment Plan of Secondary Mortgage

Units with two or more mortgages 19.7 ....... 1.7 – .6 .7 1.1 1.3 .9 3.0 – 1.6 11.0 7.1 Fixed payment, self amortizing 17.1 ................. 1.5 – .4 .7 .6 1.3 .2 2.8 – .9 9.7 6.5 Adjustable rate mortgage .6 ...................... .2 – – – – – – – – – .2 .4 Adjustable term mortgage .2 ...................... – – – – – – – – – – .2 – Graduated payment mortgage – .................. – –– – – – – – – – – – Balloon – ...................................... – –– – – – – – – – – – Other – ....................................... – –– – – – – – – – – –

Combination of the above .9 ...................... – – – – .2 – – .2 – .2 .4 .2

Not reported .9 ................................. – – .2 – .2 – .6 – – .4 .4 –

Lenders of Primary and Secondary

Mortgages

Only borrowed from firm(s) 296.7 ..................... 21.5 3.1 2.8 7.3 18.9 25.6 28.0 33.3 10.8 30.7 135.8 130.3 Only borrowed from seller 2.1 ...................... – .6 – – .2 .2 .2 .4 – .2 1.3 .6 Only borrowed from other individual(s) 1.4 ........... – .3 – – – – – .4 – – .7 .7 Borrowed from a firm and seller .9 ................. – – .2 – – .4 – – – – .4 .4 Borrowed from a firm and other individual 1.3 ........ – – – – – .2 – – – – .4 .9 Borrowed from seller and other individual – ........ – –– – – – – – – – – – One or both sources not reported 41.9 ............... 2.8 1.6 .5 .9 6.3 3.2 8.0 6.2 4.5 6.9 13.8 21.2

Items Included in Primary Mortgage

Payment3

Principal and interest only 179.1 ...................... 12.7 2.5 1.3 3.6 7.3 10.2 19.4 17.8 5.6 19.4 86.8 72.9

Property taxes 114.6 ................................ 8.0 .9 1.7 3.8 11.8 15.0 8.5 14.9 4.7 11.3 47.1 56.2

Property insurance 93.7 ............................ 7.4 1.0 .9 2.6 9.6 13.2 6.8 13.9 4.1 8.9 37.9 46.9

Other 12.5 ....................................... .4 – – – .6 1.1 1.3 1.5 .4 1.8 4.9 5.8

Not reported 42.5 ................................. 2.7 1.6 .5 .9 5.9 3.2 7.6 6.2 4.7 6.5 13.7 22.3

AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998 69

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 3~15. Mortgage CharacteristicsmOwner Occupied UnitsmCon.

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Selected subareas1

Physical problems Total

occupied

units

New con~

struction

4 years

Mobile

homes Severe Moderate Black Hispanic

Elderly

(65 years

and over)

Moved in

past year

Below

poverty

level Area one Area two Area three

OWNERS WITH ONE OR MORE

REGULAR MORTGAGESmCon.

Year Primary Mortgage Originated

2000 to 2004 – ................................. – –– – – – – – – – – – 1995 to 1999 123.5 ................................. 22.6 2.2 1.1 2.7 8.3 11.2 7.2 38.0 5.1 13.3 63.1 47.1 1990 to 1994 98.6 ................................. ... 2.2 1.2 1.4 5.6 9.7 6.1 .6 3.0 10.4 43.4 44.7 1985 to 1989 47.4 ................................. ... .6 .2 1.7 3.2 3.7 5.5 .3 2.2 4.0 18.9 24.5 1980 to 1984 20.8 ................................. ... .3 .4 .4 .4 1.7 4.0 .2 1.0 1.7 7.6 11.5 1975 to 1979 22.4 ................................. ... – – .4 3.0 1.3 3.9 – .9 2.8 7.5 12.0 1970 to 1974 14.9 ................................. ... .3 .6 .4 2.7 .7 3.6 .2 1.3 2.2 5.2 7.5 1960 to 1969 13.7 ................................. ... – – .6 1.5 1.3 4.7 .8 1.3 2.6 5.8 5.2 1950 to 1959 3.0 ................................. ... – – .4 .7 .2 1.1 .2 .4 .7 .7 1.7 1949 or earlier – ................................ ... – – – – – – – – – – – Median 1993 ...................................... 1995+ 1994 ... 1990 1991 1993 1986 1995+ 1991 1992 1993 1992

Term of Primary Mortgage at Origination

or Assumption

Less than 8 years 5.6 ............................. .4 .6 .2 – .4 .8 .7 .4 – – 2.7 2.9 8 to 12 years 2.5 ................................. – .6 – – .2 – .4 .2 – .2 1.0 1.2 13 to 17 years 38.7 ................................ 2.4 2.2 .4 .7 1.6 2.6 4.6 2.9 1.5 6.4 16.3 16.0 18 to 22 years 8.1 ................................ .2 .6 – – .9 .2 1.1 .4 .4 .4 2.5 5.2 23 to 27 years 6.2 ................................ .2 – – – .8 .7 1.5 .2 .6 .7 2.6 3.0 28 to 32 years 263.4 ................................ 20.6 1.3 2.9 6.4 18.3 23.3 22.1 34.2 10.1 26.8 119.0 117.6 33 years or more 16.2 ............................. .3 .3 – .9 2.7 1.5 5.1 1.4 2.3 3.3 6.0 6.9 Variable 3.4 ..................................... .2 – – .2 .4 .7 .6 .6 .2 – 2.2 1.3 Median 30 ...................................... 30 17 ... 31 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30

Remaining Years Mortgaged

Less than 8 years 55.8 ............................. .8 2.2 1.0 1.9 6.6 4.9 13.8 1.9 3.6 7.6 21.8 26.4

8 to 12 40.4 ...................................... .2 1.3 – .7 3.6 2.1 4.8 .4 1.3 5.1 15.7 19.7

13 to 17 38.1 ..................................... 3.3 .6 .4 .9 1.1 2.8 4.7 4.1 1.9 3.7 16.3 18.0

18 to 22 41.1 ..................................... .4 .6 .2 1.3 2.6 3.9 3.6 1.2 1.8 2.7 17.9 20.5

23 to 27 88.0 ..................................... 4.5 .6 1.0 1.1 5.7 8.2 5.1 .6 3.2 10.3 39.2 38.5

28 to 32 75.9 ..................................... 14.8 .3 .9 2.1 5.4 7.2 3.1 31.0 3.0 8.2 38.5 29.2

33 years or more 1.2 ............................. .1 – – – – – .4 .5 .2 – .6 .5

Variable 3.9 ..................................... .2 – – .2 .4 .7 .6 .6 .2 .2 2.4 1.3

Median 22 ...................................... 29 11 ... 20 20 24 12 30 20 22 23 21

Current Interest Rate

Less than 6 percent 12.6 ........................... 1.2 .6 – – 1.8 .4 4.3 1.6 1.1 1.6 1.7 9.3 6 to 7.9 235.0 ...................................... 18.3 1.6 2.2 5.2 16.0 17.7 20.8 30.1 9.6 27.4 105.9 101.8 8 to 9.9 85.0 ...................................... 4.6 .3 1.3 2.8 5.9 10.1 9.5 7.5 3.6 7.6 38.5 38.9 10 to 11.9 9.0 .................................... .3 2.2 – .2 1.3 .8 1.1 .9 .4 1.1 4.6 3.4 12 to 13.9 2.2 .................................... – .9 – – .4 .4 .3 .3 .4 .2 1.2 .7 14 to 15.9 .2 .................................... – – – – – – .2 – – – .2 – 16 to 17.9 – .................................... – –– – – – – – – – – – 18 to 19.9 – .................................... – –– – – – – – – – – – 20 percent or more .3 ............................ – – – – – .3 – – – – .3 – Not reported ... ................................. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Median 7.4 ...................................... 7.2 10.2 ... 7.6 7.4 7.6 7.3 7.2 7.4 7.3 7.4 7.3

Total Outstanding Principal Amount

Less than $10,000 38.7 ............................ .2 1.9 1.2 1.3 5.9 2.6 10.6 2.1 3.0 5.6 14.9 18.2 $10,000 to $19,999 20.8 ........................... .2 1.6 – .2 2.8 2.1 6.2 .8 1.3 3.1 8.2 9.5 $20,000 to $29,999 16.7 ........................... .2 .9 .4 .3 1.7 1.5 4.6 .7 .8 2.4 5.6 8.7 $30,000 to $39,999 12.5 ........................... – – .2 – .6 1.8 3.0 .7 .4 1.8 6.1 4.6 $40,000 to $49,999 12.7 ........................... .6 .6 .2 .4 2.0 – .7 .4 .6 2.5 5.2 5.1 $50,000 to $59,999 8.3 ........................... .1 .3 – – .4 1.3 1.5 .5 .2 1.5 2.5 4.2 $60,000 to $69,999 12.8 ........................... .6 – – .2 .6 1.0 2.0 1.7 .2 .9 4.7 7.2 $70,000 to $79,999 12.6 ........................... – – – .9 .2 2.0 .7 1.5 .2 .7 6.1 5.8 $80,000 to $99,999 23.5 ........................... .7 .3 .9 .6 1.5 2.1 2.2 2.5 1.6 3.8 10.0 9.8 $100,000 to $119,999 26.4 ......................... .6 – .2 .6 2.2 3.7 .6 1.9 1.5 2.0 10.6 13.8 $120,000 to $149,999 43.4 ......................... 3.2 – – .9 3.5 4.4 1.3 4.6 1.5 4.0 18.3 21.1 $150,000 to $199,999 56.4 ......................... 5.0 – .2 2.0 2.6 5.5 1.3 10.2 2.6 3.8 32.3 20.3 $200,000 to $249,999 26.2 ......................... 4.4 – – .2 .5 1.1 1.1 5.0 1.0 1.8 13.7 10.7

$250,000 to $299,999 14.0 ......................... 2.9 – .2 .3 .5 .6 .3 2.3 – 2.0 6.2 5.8

$300,000 or more 19.3 ............................. 5.7 – – .2 .4 – .2 5.4 .2 2.0 8.0 9.4

Not reported ... ................................. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Median 110 278 ...................................... 209 000 15 871 ... 104 701 48 196 102 369 22 669 163 018 90 024 82 171 123 885 105 698

Current Total Loan as Percent of Value

Less than 20 percent 87.8 .......................... 1.2 2.2 1.0 1.7 9.7 7.2 22.5 3.0 5.1 12.4 36.7 38.7

20 to 39 50.6 ..................................... 1.5 – .4 1.7 3.7 2.7 5.8 2.1 2.1 9.0 19.7 21.9

40 to 59 62.5 ..................................... 4.0 .9 .2 1.4 2.0 4.0 3.4 5.2 2.1 4.9 30.5 27.1

60 to 79 89.8 ..................................... 11.6 1.6 1.2 2.1 4.9 8.3 2.9 15.3 3.3 6.4 44.6 38.8

80 to 89 28.2 ..................................... 4.0 – .2 .6 2.6 4.0 .6 6.8 1.3 2.9 11.5 13.9

90 to 99 14.3 ..................................... 1.6 .3 – .5 1.8 2.2 .2 5.5 .2 .9 4.8 8.6

100 percent or more 11.1 .......................... .5 .6 .4 .2 .7 1.3 .8 2.5 1.1 1.3 4.6 5.1 Not reported ................................. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Median 50.8 ...................................... 69.4 53.4 ... 49.5 36.0 62.2 20~ 73.0 43.7 34.5 53.0 52.1

1See back cover for details.

2Regular includes all mortgages except reverse and home equity.

3Figures may not add to total because more than one category may apply to a unit.

70 AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 3~17. Rooms in Unit by Household and Unit Size, Income, and CostsmOwner Occupied

Units

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Occupied units

Rooms Bedrooms

Total

1 and 2

rooms

3 and 4

rooms

5 and 6

rooms

7 rooms

or more Median No rooms 1 room 2 rooms 3 rooms

4 rooms

or more Median

Total 508.6 ................................ 2.9 56.6 227.9 221.1 6.2 .9 12.7 103.1 233.8 158.2 3.1

Persons

1 person 109.4 ..................................... 2.5 30.7 55.0 21.2 5.3 .6 9.2 46.2 44.1 9.2 2.5 2 persons 171.6 .................................... .2 16.3 84.9 70.2 6.1 – 2.8 37.3 86.3 45.2 3.0 3 persons 85.5 .................................... – 5.0 40.5 40.0 6.4 .2 .4 11.5 43.6 29.7 3.2 4 persons 82.8 .................................... – 2.7 28.8 51.3 6.5+ – – 5.3 37.3 40.3 3.5 5 persons 38.4 .................................... .2 1.5 12.1 24.6 6.5+ – .2 2.0 16.2 20.0 3.5+ 6 persons 12.1 .................................... – .5 3.5 8.2 6.5+ – – .7 3.2 8.2 3.5+ 7 persons or more 8.8 ............................ – – 3.1 5.8 6.5+ – – .2 3.1 5.6 3.5+ Median 2.3 ...................................... ... 1.5~ 2.2 3.0 ... ... 1.5~ 1.6 2.3 3.3 ...

Rooms

1 room .4 ...................................... ... ... ... ... ... .4 – – – – ...

2 rooms 2.5 ..................................... ... ... ... ... ... .2 1.0 1.3 – – ...

3 rooms 9.5 ..................................... ... ... ... ... ... .2 7.2 .2 1.8 – 1.1

4 rooms 47.2 ..................................... ... ... ... ... ... – 3.0 41.6 1.5 1.1 2.0

5 rooms 112.0 ..................................... ... ... ... ... ... – 1.3 39.1 71.1 .4 2.7

6 rooms 115.9 ..................................... ... ... ... ... ... – .2 14.9 89.6 11.2 3.0

7 rooms 103.4 ..................................... ... ... ... ... ... – – 4.9 46.9 51.6 3.5

8 rooms 73.8 ..................................... ... ... ... ... ... – – .9 17.1 55.8 3.5+

9 rooms 29.4 ..................................... ... ... ... ... ... – – .2 4.6 24.6 3.5+

10 rooms or more 14.5 ............................. ... ... ... ... ... – – – 1.1 13.4 3.5+

Median 6.2 ...................................... ... ... ... ... ... ... 3.2 4.7 6.0 7.8 ...

Bedrooms

None .9 ........................................ .6 .2 – – ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

1 12.7 ........................................... 1.0 10.2 1.5 – 3.6 ... ... ... ... ... ...

2 103.1 ........................................... 1.3 41.8 54.0 6.0 4.8 ... ... ... ... ... ...

3 233.8 ........................................... – 3.4 160.7 69.7 5.9 ... ... ... ... ... ...

4 or more 158.2 .................................... – 1.1 11.7 145.4 6.5+ ... ... ... ... ... ...

Median 3.1 ...................................... ... 1.9 2.9 3.5+ ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Complete Bathrooms

None 5.4 ........................................ 1.8 3.2 .2 .2 ... .4 – 1.6 2.3 1.1 ... 1 93.1 ........................................... 1.0 29.8 57.7 4.7 5.0 .2 10.8 45.8 34.4 1.9 2.3 1 and one~half 56.0 ................................ .2 7.2 31.7 16.9 5.8 – 1.3 14.9 28.6 11.3 2.9 2 or more 354.1 .................................... – 16.5 138.2 199.3 6.5+ .2 .6 40.8 168.6 143.9 3.3

Lot Size1

Less than one~eighth acre 113.8 ..................... 1.0 14.3 67.5 31.0 5.7 – 3.8 31.3 61.2 17.4 2.9

One~eighth up to one~quarter acre 182.4 .............. .4 9.4 83.8 88.8 6.4 – 1.9 22.1 93.1 65.3 3.2

One~quarter up to one~half acre 100.4 ................. .2 5.2 32.7 62.3 6.5+ .2 .7 10.0 41.5 48.0 3.4

One~half up to one acre 27.2 ........................ – .8 6.3 20.0 6.5+ – .4 .8 10.3 15.7 3.5+

1 up to 5 acres 17.0 ............................... – 1.3 4.3 11.4 6.5+ – .2 1.7 6.9 8.1 3.4

5 up to 10 acres 1.8 .............................. – – 1.1 .7 ... – – .2 1.3 .2 ...

10 acres or more 5.5 ............................. – 1.1 2.5 1.9 5.8 – .3 1.0 2.7 1.5 3.0

Median .20 ...................................... ... .15 .18 .23 ... ... .13~ .14 .19 .24 ...

Income of Families and Primary

Individuals

Less than $5,000 21.9 ............................. – 3.0 11.7 7.2 5.9 – .5 6.0 11.6 3.8 2.9

$5,000 to $9,999 15.4 ............................. .6 2.0 10.2 2.6 5.5 .2 .9 5.5 6.0 2.7 2.7

$10,000 to $14,999 14.8 ........................... – 2.7 8.4 3.6 5.6 – .4 5.3 7.3 1.7 2.7

$15,000 to $19,999 16.6 ........................... – 4.2 10.5 1.9 5.3 – 1.8 5.0 8.8 1.1 2.7

$20,000 to $24,999 13.9 ........................... – 2.9 6.2 4.9 5.8 – .8 4.2 6.0 2.9 2.8

$25,000 to $29,999 22.2 ........................... 1.0 4.0 12.5 4.7 5.5 – .9 8.0 9.0 4.3 2.7

$30,000 to $34,999 19.0 ........................... – 2.6 12.2 4.2 5.6 – .7 5.3 10.6 2.5 2.8

$35,000 to $39,999 20.1 ........................... .2 3.1 11.5 5.3 5.7 – .4 7.3 9.4 2.9 2.7

$40,000 to $49,999 45.4 ........................... .2 7.4 23.9 13.9 5.8 .2 1.4 12.3 21.8 9.6 2.9

$50,000 to $59,999 42.2 ........................... .2 7.9 22.0 12.1 5.7 .2 1.3 11.3 20.4 9.1 2.9

$60,000 to $79,999 71.6 ........................... .4 8.4 33.0 29.7 6.1 – 2.6 12.1 37.7 19.2 3.1

$80,000 to $99,999 62.3 ........................... – 4.1 25.1 33.1 6.5+ – .6 9.0 28.5 24.2 3.3

$100,000 to $119,999 42.6 ......................... – 1.5 16.4 24.7 6.5+ – – 5.4 17.9 19.3 3.4

$120,000 or more 100.7 ............................. .2 2.7 24.4 73.4 6.5+ .2 .4 6.4 38.6 55.0 3.5+

Median 66 381 ...................................... ... 45 161 53 128 92 456 ... ... 40 122 43 996 63 127 95 995 ...

Monthly Housing Costs

Less than $100 3.4 ............................... .4 .9 2.1 – ... .2 .5 2.1 .6 – ...

$100 to $199 19.6 ................................. .2 4.7 13.2 1.5 5.2 .2 1.4 6.7 10.4 .9 2.6

$200 to $249 25.1 ................................. .2 2.7 17.2 4.9 5.6 – .5 5.6 15.8 3.2 2.9

$250 to $299 26.6 ................................. – 3.1 14.6 8.9 5.9 – .2 6.2 14.9 5.3 3.0

$300 to $349 24.9 ................................. – 4.5 13.8 6.5 5.6 – 1.2 6.6 13.2 3.8 2.8

$350 to $399 17.8 ................................. – 3.2 6.4 8.2 6.3 – 1.1 3.5 6.6 6.7 3.2

$400 to $449 14.5 ................................. – 1.2 6.5 6.8 6.4 – – 2.3 7.6 4.7 3.2

$450 to $499 13.9 ................................. .2 1.2 4.9 7.5 6.5+ – .2 3.1 6.1 4.5 3.1

$500 to $599 23.4 ................................. .4 2.8 13.4 6.8 5.8 – 1.1 7.1 10.8 4.4 2.8

$600 to $699 20.8 ................................. .3 3.3 7.9 9.3 6.2 – 1.4 6.3 6.2 6.9 2.9

$700 to $799 16.3 ................................. .2 2.6 8.7 4.7 5.7 – 1.2 5.6 6.7 2.8 2.7

$800 to $999 33.1 ................................. – 5.7 16.8 10.6 5.8 – 1.1 10.0 15.3 6.7 2.9

$1,000 to $1,249 43.1 ............................. .2 9.1 22.2 11.6 5.6 .2 1.5 12.1 21.4 7.9 2.9

$1,250 to $1,499 47.3 ............................. – 4.5 24.5 18.3 6.1 – .2 10.3 23.7 13.1 3.1

$1,500 or more 178.8 ............................... .7 7.2 55.5 115.4 6.5+ .2 1.1 15.7 74.6 87.2 3.5

No cash rent ... ................................. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Median (excludes no cash rent) 1 086 ............... ... 728 861 1500+ ... ... 610 737 1 032 1500+ ...

Median Monthly Housing Costs for

Owners

Monthly costs including all mortgages plus

maintenance costs 1 144 .......................... ... 774 911 1500+ ... ... 613 785 1 087 1500+ ...

Monthly costs excluding second and

subsequent mortgages and maintenance

costs 1 075 ...................................... ... 728 848 1500+ ... ... 594 737 1 012 1500+ ...

AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998 71

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 3~17. Rooms in Unit by Household and Unit Size, Income, and CostsmOwner Occupied

UnitsmCon.

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Occupied units

Rooms Bedrooms

Total

1 and 2

rooms

3 and 4

rooms

5 and 6

rooms

7 rooms

or more Median No rooms 1 room 2 rooms 3 rooms

4 rooms

or more Median

Value

Less than $10,000 9.9 ............................ – 2.1 3.5 4.3 6.1 – .9 3.2 1.6 4.2 3.1

$10,000 to $19,999 3.5 ........................... .3 .9 2.0 .2 ... – .7 1.5 1.1 .2 ...

$20,000 to $29,999 4.6 ........................... – 2.6 1.8 .2 ... – 1.5 1.5 1.6 – ...

$30,000 to $39,999 2.2 ........................... – .2 1.2 .9 ... – – 1.0 1.3 – ...

$40,000 to $49,999 1.0 ........................... – – 1.0 – ... – – .7 .2 – ...

$50,000 to $59,999 4.5 ........................... – 1.6 2.7 .2 ... – .6 2.4 1.0 .5 ...

$60,000 to $69,999 3.5 ........................... – 1.8 1.7 – ... – .7 2.0 .4 .4 ...

$70,000 to $79,999 6.3 ........................... .2 1.6 4.1 .4 5.2 .2 .3 3.6 1.8 .4 2.2

$80,000 to $99,999 16.0 ........................... .5 7.2 7.2 1.2 4.6 .2 .9 9.7 5.0 .2 2.2

$100,000 to $119,999 18.0 ......................... .2 5.9 10.5 1.3 5.0 – 1.4 7.8 8.4 .4 2.5

$120,000 to $149,999 40.6 ......................... .2 7.6 26.9 6.0 5.4 – 1.1 16.0 20.2 3.4 2.7

$150,000 to $199,999 99.3 ......................... .2 15.0 59.5 24.6 5.7 .4 2.7 22.8 53.7 19.8 2.9

$200,000 to $249,999 85.6 ......................... .4 4.3 47.9 32.9 6.1 – 1.3 11.9 50.5 21.9 3.1

$250,000 to $299,999 54.6 ......................... .2 2.6 25.7 26.2 6.4 – – 8.6 26.7 19.4 3.2

$300,000 or more 158.9 ............................. .6 3.3 32.2 122.8 6.5+ – .8 10.5 60.3 87.2 3.5+

Median 226 173 ...................................... ... 137 509 193 117 300K+ ... ... 112 642 154 874 220 386 300K+ ...

1Does not include multiunits, cooperatives or condominiums.

72 AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 3~18. Square Footage by Household and Unit Size, Income, and CostsmOwner Occupied

Units

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Size of occupied detached 1~family homes and 1~family mobile homes

Total

Less than 500

square feet

500 to 999

square feet

1000 to 1499

square feet

1500 to 1999

square feet

2000 to 2499

square feet

2500

square

feet or

more

Not

reported Median

Total 437.9 ................................ 2.5 18.7 96.9 110.2 75.4 74.3 60.0 1 822

Persons

1 person 76.9 ..................................... 1.6 6.1 23.1 14.1 6.2 5.5 20.4 1 446

2 persons 149.8 .................................... .2 6.9 34.0 41.4 26.2 26.3 14.8 1 819

3 persons 76.2 .................................... – 2.8 15.8 22.2 14.1 11.8 9.6 1 832

4 persons 78.1 .................................... .2 1.8 14.1 21.2 17.1 17.0 6.6 1 962

5 persons 36.6 .................................... .4 .9 6.8 8.9 7.3 8.0 4.3 1 953

6 persons 11.6 .................................... – .2 1.5 .6 3.0 4.6 1.7 2 439

7 persons or more 8.6 ............................ – – 1.5 1.9 1.5 1.1 2.6 1 883

Median 2.4 ...................................... ... 2.0 2.2 2.5 2.9 3.0 2.1 ...

Rooms

1 room .2 ...................................... – – – – – – .2 ...

2 rooms 1.6 ..................................... .3 .2 – – – – 1.1 ...

3 rooms 5.5 ..................................... .2 1.6 .2 – .2 – 3.2 784

4 rooms 24.7 ..................................... .8 7.7 7.6 1.1 .9 .2 6.5 1 042

5 rooms 89.4 ..................................... .2 7.3 47.4 13.6 2.2 2.9 15.8 1 309

6 rooms 102.9 ..................................... .9 1.5 31.4 39.3 8.5 5.8 15.5 1 626

7 rooms 98.5 ..................................... – .4 9.0 39.6 29.3 11.7 8.5 1 950

8 rooms 71.8 ..................................... – – 1.3 15.2 26.3 22.9 6.2 2 311

9 rooms 28.8 ..................................... – – – 1.2 6.6 19.8 1.1 2500+

10 rooms or more 14.5 ............................. – – – .2 1.3 11.0 2.0 2500+

Median 6.4 ...................................... ... 4.5 5.4 6.5 7.4 8.2 5.7 ...

Bedrooms

None .4 ........................................ – .2 – – – – .2 ... 1 6.7 ........................................... .9 2.4 .7 .2 – – 2.5 750 2 63.5 ........................................... .9 11.3 24.3 9.1 2.9 2.9 12.0 1 277 3 212.3 ........................................... .2 4.5 64.3 66.7 26.2 19.2 31.2 1 662 4 or more 154.9 .................................... .4 .2 7.5 34.2 46.3 52.1 14.0 2 303 Median 3.2 ...................................... ... 2.1 2.9 3.2 3.5+ 3.5+ 3.0 ...

Complete Bathrooms

None 4.5 ........................................ .5 – – – .2 – 3.8 ...

1 75.3 ........................................... 1.6 14.1 29.9 7.0 1.3 2.6 19.0 1 210

1 and one~half 45.8 ................................ .2 .7 13.7 13.0 6.1 3.0 9.2 1 645

2 or more 312.3 .................................... .2 3.9 53.3 90.3 67.8 68.6 28.1 1 969

Lot Size1

Less than one~eighth acre 108.6 ..................... 1.1 8.8 36.9 24.9 11.1 7.9 18.0 1 480 One~eighth up to one~quarter acre 175.8 .............. 1.0 6.0 44.4 49.2 30.2 22.5 22.5 1 757 One~quarter up to one~half acre 98.0 ................. .2 1.9 11.8 26.7 22.5 21.4 13.4 2 037 One~half up to one acre 26.8 ........................ – .2 .9 4.2 7.0 12.1 2.4 2 492 1 up to 5 acres 16.8 ............................... – .4 .6 2.4 3.0 8.6 1.7 2500+ 5 up to 10 acres 1.8 .............................. – – .2 .7 .2 .4 .2 ... 10 acres or more 4.8 ............................. .2 .6 .6 .4 .7 1.1 1.1 ... Median .20 ...................................... ... .13 .16 .20 .23 .33 .19 ...

Income of Families and Primary

Individuals

Less than $5,000 18.0 ............................. – .9 2.3 5.7 2.3 3.1 3.7 1 850

$5,000 to $9,999 14.1 ............................. .4 1.1 3.3 1.9 .6 1.7 4.9 1 458

$10,000 to $14,999 12.4 ........................... – .8 3.6 .6 1.1 2.7 3.6 1 510

$15,000 to $19,999 14.3 ........................... – 1.9 4.1 2.8 .6 .4 4.5 1 366

$20,000 to $24,999 12.4 ........................... .8 .9 2.3 2.6 1.5 1.7 2.5 1 662

$25,000 to $29,999 18.0 ........................... .3 .7 5.6 3.8 1.5 1.1 5.0 1 490

$30,000 to $34,999 15.5 ........................... – .7 5.3 4.1 1.3 .6 3.5 1 500

$35,000 to $39,999 16.6 ........................... .2 1.7 5.2 3.4 2.3 1.9 1.9 1 534

$40,000 to $49,999 36.4 ........................... .4 2.2 10.5 10.0 4.0 1.9 7.3 1 569

$50,000 to $59,999 33.9 ........................... – 1.5 9.8 8.2 5.0 2.8 6.6 1 642

$60,000 to $79,999 60.4 ........................... – 2.9 16.5 16.6 7.6 8.5 8.3 1 702

$80,000 to $99,999 55.1 ........................... .2 .9 13.9 18.4 12.6 6.3 2.8 1 804

$100,000 to $119,999 38.3 ......................... – .9 6.2 11.4 10.5 8.3 1.0 2 008

$120,000 or more 92.6 ............................. – 1.6 8.2 20.8 24.3 33.2 4.5 2 276

Median 69 090 ...................................... ... 43 164 56 241 74 547 95 495 110 410 40 605 ...

Monthly Housing Costs

Less than $100 2.1 ............................... – .2 .7 – – – 1.2 ...

$100 to $199 18.1 ................................. – 3.2 5.3 2.0 .2 .6 6.8 1 232

$200 to $249 22.9 ................................. .2 1.0 6.6 5.5 2.8 2.2 4.6 1 620

$250 to $299 24.4 ................................. – 1.3 6.3 8.3 1.9 .8 5.8 1 604 $300 to $349 20.2 ................................. .8 1.5 4.7 6.8 2.5 1.3 2.6 1 630 $350 to $399 15.9 ................................. – .2 2.7 5.3 3.0 1.7 2.9 1 830 $400 to $449 12.8 ................................. – .3 2.2 4.1 1.7 1.7 2.7 1 806 $450 to $499 12.0 ................................. – .7 1.3 3.6 2.1 2.2 2.0 1 905 $500 to $599 19.2 ................................. .2 .7 4.6 3.8 2.4 2.9 4.8 1 735 $600 to $699 17.5 ................................. .6 1.3 2.6 3.0 2.6 4.3 3.2 1 953 $700 to $799 14.0 ................................. – .3 4.3 3.9 1.9 1.8 1.7 1 694 $800 to $999 25.2 ................................. .2 .9 7.7 4.9 5.3 3.1 3.2 1 729 $1,000 to $1,249 33.0 ............................. .2 2.8 10.8 6.8 4.1 2.6 5.6 1 493 $1,250 to $1,499 40.6 ............................. .2 2.7 13.5 10.8 6.8 3.0 3.6 1 600 $1,500 or more 160.0 ............................... – 1.5 23.5 41.5 38.0 46.0 9.5 2 115 No cash rent ... ................................. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Median (excludes no cash rent) 1 111 ............... ... 614 984 1 147 1500+ 1500+ 532 ...

Median Monthly Housing Costs for

Owners

Monthly costs including all mortgages plus

maintenance costs 1 174 .......................... ... 672 1 047 1 207 1500+ 1500+ 556 ...

Monthly costs excluding second and

subsequent mortgages and maintenance

costs 1 097 ...................................... ... 562 967 1 129 1500+ 1500+ 532 ...

AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998 73

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 3~18. Square Footage by Household and Unit Size, Income, and CostsmOwner Occupied

UnitsmCon.

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Size of occupied detached 1~family homes and 1~family mobile homes

Total

Less than 500

square feet

500 to 999

square feet

1000 to 1499

square feet

1500 to 1999

square feet

2000 to 2499

square feet

2500

square

feet or

more

Not

reported Median

Value

Less than $10,000 8.0 ............................ .3 1.2 .4 .8 1.7 1.1 2.4 2 014 $10,000 to $19,999 3.5 ........................... .3 1.2 .8 – – – 1.1 ... $20,000 to $29,999 4.6 ........................... .3 .9 .6 .7 – – 2.0 ... $30,000 to $39,999 2.0 ........................... – – .5 .4 – .2 .9 ... $40,000 to $49,999 1.0 ........................... .2 – .3 – .2 – .2 ... $50,000 to $59,999 4.3 ........................... .5 .2 1.2 .2 – .3 2.0 ... $60,000 to $69,999 2.6 ........................... .2 .6 1.2 – – – .7 ... $70,000 to $79,999 3.2 ........................... – .2 1.2 – .2 .4 1.1 ... $80,000 to $99,999 8.5 ........................... .2 1.0 2.9 .4 .7 .7 2.6 1 292 $100,000 to $119,999 12.6 ......................... .2 2.0 3.6 1.0 .2 1.1 4.4 1 255 $120,000 to $149,999 30.6 ......................... – 3.5 11.4 8.1 .6 .6 6.3 1 377 $150,000 to $199,999 82.2 ......................... .2 5.2 31.0 21.7 6.6 4.1 13.5 1 467 $200,000 to $249,999 76.3 ......................... – 1.5 24.2 26.9 10.5 3.9 9.3 1 644 $250,000 to $299,999 47.0 ......................... – .4 10.3 17.6 9.5 5.0 4.3 1 803 $300,000 or more 151.7 ............................. – .7 7.2 32.4 45.2 56.8 9.3 2 341 Median 236 692 ...................................... ... 136 412 189 178 240 502 300K+ 300K+ 173 564 ...

1Does not include multiunits, cooperatives or condominiums.

74 AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 3~19. Detailed Tenure by Financial CharacteristicsmOwner Occupied Units

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Owner occupied Renter occupied

With mortgage With no mortgage All renters Unsubsidized renters1

Not specified Not specified

Total Specified

Condoor Coop Other Total SpecifiedCondoor Coop Other Specified Other Specified Other

Total 359.0 ................................ 306.2 37.0 15.9 149.6 121.3 13.4 14.9 ... ... ... ...

Income of Families and Primary

Individuals

Less than $5,000 10.3 ............................. 7.5 1.9 .8 11.6 9.2 .7 1.7 ... ... ... ... $5,000 to $9,999 5.6 ............................. 5.2 – .4 9.8 7.7 .6 1.4 ... ... ... ... $10,000 to $14,999 5.1 ........................... 4.1 .6 .5 9.6 7.8 .7 1.2 ... ... ... ... $15,000 to $19,999 6.8 ........................... 4.6 1.3 1.0 9.8 6.9 .4 2.5 ... ... ... ... $20,000 to $24,999 7.3 ........................... 6.3 .2 .9 6.6 4.8 .7 1.1 ... ... ... ... $25,000 to $29,999 10.9 ........................... 8.1 1.8 1.0 11.2 7.7 1.1 2.4 ... ... ... ... $30,000 to $34,999 9.5 ........................... 7.3 1.7 .5 9.5 8.1 .6 .8 ... ... ... ... $35,000 to $39,999 12.8 ........................... 9.0 2.0 1.8 7.3 6.3 1.0 – ... ... ... ... $40,000 to $49,999 31.7 ........................... 24.5 5.0 2.2 13.6 11.0 2.2 .5 ... ... ... ... $50,000 to $59,999 30.2 ........................... 24.1 4.6 1.5 12.1 9.6 1.4 1.0 ... ... ... ... $60,000 to $79,999 54.0 ........................... 46.6 5.7 1.7 17.5 14.6 1.9 1.0 ... ... ... ... $80,000 to $99,999 52.3 ........................... 46.3 4.8 1.2 10.0 9.0 .6 .4 ... ... ... ... $100,000 to $119,999 35.6 ......................... 32.5 2.6 .4 7.0 6.2 .6 .2 ... ... ... ... $120,000 or more 86.8 ............................. 80.1 4.7 2.0 13.9 12.5 .9 .6 ... ... ... ... Median 78 199 ...................................... 82 532 58 575 44 919 39 550 42 024 43 985 22 494 ... ... ... ...

Monthly Housing Costs

Less than $100 1.1 ............................... .4 .5 .2 2.3 1.1 .6 .6 ... ... ... ...

$100 to $199 3.4 ................................. 2.2 .2 1.0 16.2 14.4 .7 1.2 ... ... ... ...

$200 to $249 2.4 ................................. 2.4 – – 22.7 20.6 1.1 1.0 ... ... ... ...

$250 to $299 5.8 ................................. 5.8 – – 20.8 18.5 .9 1.4 ... ... ... ...

$300 to $349 3.7 ................................. 3.1 .4 .2 21.1 15.9 2.0 3.2 ... ... ... ...

$350 to $399 4.2 ................................. 3.2 .2 .8 13.6 11.8 .9 1.0 ... ... ... ...

$400 to $449 5.6 ................................. 5.2 .4 – 8.9 6.8 .8 1.3 ... ... ... ...

$450 to $499 4.4 ................................. 3.9 .4 – 9.5 8.2 .2 1.1 ... ... ... ...

$500 to $599 10.2 ................................. 8.4 1.1 .7 13.3 8.5 2.5 2.2 ... ... ... ...

$600 to $699 12.2 ................................. 9.7 1.5 .9 8.6 5.4 1.5 1.6 ... ... ... ...

$700 to $799 10.8 ................................. 8.7 1.1 .9 5.5 4.0 1.3 .3 ... ... ... ...

$800 to $999 29.0 ................................. 21.2 5.5 2.4 4.1 3.4 .6 – ... ... ... ...

$1,000 to $1,249 42.4 ............................. 30.9 9.7 1.8 .7 .7 – – ... ... ... ...

$1,250 to $1,499 46.6 ............................. 40.8 4.5 1.4 .7 .7 – – ... ... ... ...

$1,500 or more 177.3 ............................... 160.3 11.4 5.5 1.6 1.3 .2 – ... ... ... ...

No cash rent ... ................................. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Median (excludes no cash rent) 1 488 ............... 1500+ 1 183 1 113 330 319 434 354 ... ... ... ...

Median Monthly Housing Costs for

Owners

Monthly costs including all mortgages plus

maintenance costs 1500+ .......................... 1500+ 1 209 1 183 369 359 484 393 ... ... ... ... Monthly costs excluding second and

subsequent mortgages and maintenance

costs 1 472 ...................................... 1500+ 1 183 1 113 330 319 434 354 ... ... ... ...

Monthly Housing Costs as Percent of

Current Income2

Less than 5 percent 10.0 ........................... 8.1 .9 1.0 21.6 18.7 1.1 1.8 ... ... ... ... 5 to 9 percent 27.7 ................................ 24.3 2.2 1.2 47.5 42.0 3.4 2.0 ... ... ... ... 10 to 14 percent 40.6 .............................. 35.0 4.7 .9 24.9 19.1 3.7 2.1 ... ... ... ... 15 to 19 percent 60.3 .............................. 53.2 4.9 2.1 14.3 11.4 1.1 1.9 ... ... ... ... 20 to 24 percent 52.9 .............................. 45.9 5.3 1.6 7.7 6.1 1.1 .5 ... ... ... ... 25 to 29 percent 44.9 .............................. 38.3 4.9 1.7 6.1 4.3 .6 1.1 ... ... ... ... 30 to 34 percent 28.7 .............................. 23.6 3.0 2.0 3.9 3.0 .2 .7 ... ... ... ... 35 to 39 percent 21.3 .............................. 18.0 2.8 .5 2.5 1.5 .4 .6 ... ... ... ... 40 to 49 percent 26.1 .............................. 22.3 2.4 1.4 2.6 1.7 .2 .6 ... ... ... ... 50 to 59 percent 13.7 .............................. 11.1 1.8 .8 2.1 1.1 .2 .8 ... ... ... ... 60 to 69 percent 5.4 .............................. 4.6 .4 .4 2.2 2.0 .2 – ... ... ... ... 70 to 99 percent 7.3 .............................. 5.6 1.2 .4 2.7 1.5 .2 1.0 ... ... ... ... 100 percent or more3.......................... 14.8 12.4 1.3 1.1 7.6 6.0 .9 .7 ... ... ... ... Zero or negative income 5.3 ....................... 3.6 1.1 .6 4.1 3.0 – 1.1 ... ... ... ... No cash rent ... ................................. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Median (excludes 2 previous lines) 24 ........... 23 25 27 11 10 13 18 ... ... ... ... Median (excludes 3 lines before medians) 23 ..... 23 24 26 10 9 12 17 ... ... ... ...

Value

Less than $10,000 6.7 ............................ 3.8 .7 2.2 3.2 1.9 .2 1.1 ... ... ... ...

$10,000 to $19,999 1.4 ........................... .5 – .9 2.1 .2 – 1.9 ... ... ... ...

$20,000 to $29,999 1.4 ........................... .2 – 1.2 3.2 1.3 – 1.8 ... ... ... ...

$30,000 to $39,999 1.1 ........................... 1.1 – – 1.1 .6 .2 .3 ... ... ... ...

$40,000 to $49,999 .4 ........................... .4 – – .5 .2 – .3 ... ... ... ... $50,000 to $59,999 2.4 ........................... 1.5 .2 .6 2.1 1.5 – .6 ... ... ... ... $60,000 to $69,999 1.6 ........................... .4 .7 .5 1.9 .7 .2 1.0 ... ... ... ... $70,000 to $79,999 2.9 ........................... .9 1.1 .9 3.4 1.9 .5 1.0 ... ... ... ... $80,000 to $99,999 9.0 ........................... 4.5 3.5 .9 6.9 2.6 3.1 1.2 ... ... ... ... $100,000 to $119,999 11.4 ......................... 7.4 2.6 1.3 6.6 4.0 .8 1.8 ... ... ... ... $120,000 to $149,999 29.4 ......................... 21.4 7.3 .6 11.3 9.5 1.1 .6 ... ... ... ... $150,000 to $199,999 67.0 ......................... 55.7 9.5 1.8 32.3 28.0 3.0 1.3 ... ... ... ... $200,000 to $249,999 60.8 ......................... 53.9 5.0 2.0 24.7 22.8 1.5 .4 ... ... ... ... $250,000 to $299,999 41.0 ......................... 36.7 3.9 .4 13.7 12.0 1.3 .4 ... ... ... ... $300,000 or more 122.4 ............................. 117.5 2.5 2.4 36.5 33.9 1.5 1.1 ... ... ... ... Median 236 736 ...................................... 251 549 162 318 108 469 200 206 217 656 159 023 74 174 ... ... ... ...

Ratio of Value to Current Income

Less than 1.5 40.9 ................................ 29.2 5.5 6.2 14.3 8.1 1.3 4.9 ... ... ... ...

1.5 to 1.9 44.7 .................................... 36.2 6.7 1.8 10.8 7.3 1.9 1.5 ... ... ... ...

2.0 to 2.4 42.2 .................................... 35.9 4.7 1.6 12.4 10.1 1.8 .5 ... ... ... ...

2.5 to 2.9 46.0 .................................... 40.8 3.5 1.6 10.0 8.4 1.1 .6 ... ... ... ...

3.0 to 3.9 59.1 .................................... 51.5 6.5 1.1 16.8 14.6 1.5 .6 ... ... ... ...

4.0 to 4.9 38.2 .................................... 33.9 3.3 1.0 15.3 12.2 1.1 2.0 ... ... ... ...

5.0 or more 82.6 .................................. 75.0 5.6 2.0 65.9 57.6 4.7 3.6 ... ... ... ...

Zero or negative income 5.3 ....................... 3.6 1.1 .6 4.1 3.0 – 1.1 ... ... ... ...

Median 3.1 ...................................... 3.2 2.6 1.9 4.6 4.9 3.4 2.5 ... ... ... ...

AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998 75

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 3~19. Detailed Tenure by Financial CharacteristicsmOwner Occupied UnitsmCon.

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Owner occupied Renter occupied

With mortgage With no mortgage All renters Unsubsidized renters1

Not specified Not specified

Total Specified

Condoor Coop Other Total SpecifiedCondoor Coop Other Specified Other Specified Other

Average Monthly Cost Paid for Real

Estate Taxes

Less than $25 20.3 ................................ 12.8 2.8 4.6 16.3 5.2 3.4 7.6 ... ... ... ...

$25 to $49 10.6 ................................... 8.2 1.1 1.2 13.9 12.0 .9 1.0 ... ... ... ...

$50 to $74 28.1 ................................... 24.7 2.7 .7 30.1 27.7 1.3 1.2 ... ... ... ...

$75 to $99 30.2 ................................... 25.2 4.7 .2 21.3 19.3 .9 1.2 ... ... ... ...

$100 to $149 74.8 ................................. 60.6 11.8 2.5 24.8 20.7 1.7 2.4 ... ... ... ...

$150 to $199 60.8 ................................. 51.6 7.2 1.9 14.1 11.6 1.9 .6 ... ... ... ...

$200 or more 134.3 ................................. 123.0 6.6 4.7 29.0 24.8 3.3 .9 ... ... ... ...

Median 163 ...................................... 171 130 124 92 95 106 25~ ... ... ... ...

OWNERS WITH ONE OR MORE

REGULAR MORTGAGES

Total 344.3 ................................ 292.3 36.3 15.7 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Monthly Payment for Principal and

Interest

One or more regular mortgages 344.3 ................ 292.3 36.3 15.7 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Less than $100 14.0 ............................. 10.5 .9 2.6 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

$100 to $199 9.7 ............................... 7.1 1.5 1.2 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

$200 to $249 5.2 ............................... 4.5 .7 – ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

$250 to $299 6.4 ............................... 5.1 .4 .9 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

$300 to $349 5.6 ............................... 4.5 .5 .7 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

$350 to $399 5.3 ............................... 4.5 .8 – ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

$400 to $449 6.6 ............................... 5.1 .9 .6 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

$450 to $499 5.7 ............................... 3.6 1.3 .8 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

$500 to $599 15.5 ............................... 12.0 2.8 .7 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

$600 to $699 15.4 ............................... 9.8 5.0 .5 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

$700 to $799 18.4 ............................... 15.0 2.8 .6 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

$800 to $999 40.7 ............................... 33.3 6.0 1.4 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

$1,000 to $1,249 56.1 ........................... 47.6 6.1 2.4 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

$1,250 to $1,499 52.2 ........................... 46.7 4.3 1.3 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

$1500 or more 87.4 ............................. 83.2 2.3 1.9 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Median 1 105 .................................... 1 164 817 674 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Type of Primary Mortgage

FHA 28.6 ......................................... 21.7 6.1 .9 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

VA 10.5 .......................................... 9.6 .9 – ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Farmers Home Administration 1.6 .................. 1.1 .2 .2 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Other types 263.4 .................................. 227.4 24.8 11.3 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Don’t know 1.1 ................................... 1.1 – – ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Not reported 39.1 ................................. 31.5 4.3 3.3 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Mortgage Origination

Placed new mortgage(s) 337.2 ....................... 287.4 34.2 15.7 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Primary obtained when property acquired 258.1 ...... 217.3 29.9 11.0 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Obtained later 79.1 .............................. 70.1 4.3 4.7 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Assumed 6.9 .................................... 4.7 2.2 – ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Wrap~around – ................................. – – – ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Combination of the above .2 ...................... .2 – – ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Payment Plan of Primary Mortgage

Fixed payment, self amortizing 229.0 ................. 198.1 20.5 10.4 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Adjustable rate mortgage 52.7 ...................... 43.0 8.7 .9 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Adjustable term mortgage 1.7 ...................... 1.5 .2 – ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Graduated payment mortgage 4.9 .................. 4.7 .2 – ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Balloon 3.5 ...................................... 2.2 1.3 – ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Other .2 ....................................... – – .2 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Combination of the above 4.1 ...................... 3.3 .4 .4 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Not reported 48.2 ................................. 39.5 5.0 3.7 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Payment Plan of Secondary Mortgage

Units with two or more mortgages 19.7 ....... 17.4 2.2 .2 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Fixed payment, self amortizing 17.1 ................. 14.7 2.2 .2 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Adjustable rate mortgage .6 ...................... .6 – – ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Adjustable term mortgage .2 ...................... .2 – – ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Graduated payment mortgage – .................. – – – ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Balloon – ...................................... – – – ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Other – ....................................... – – – ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Combination of the above .9 ...................... .9 – – ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Not reported .9 ................................. .9 – – ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Lenders of Primary and Secondary

Mortgages

Only borrowed from firm(s) 296.7 ..................... 254.0 31.6 11.2 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Only borrowed from seller 2.1 ...................... 1.5 – .6 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Only borrowed from other individual(s) 1.4 ........... .9 .2 .3 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Borrowed from a firm and seller .9 ................. .9 – – ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Borrowed from a firm and other individual 1.3 ........ .8 .2 .2 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Borrowed from seller and other individual – ........ – – – ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... One or both sources not reported 41.9 ............... 34.3 4.3 3.3 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

1Excludes units in public housing projects, and housing units with government rent subsidies.

2Beginning with 1989 this item uses current income in its calculation, see Appendix A.

3May reflect a temporary situation, living off savings or response error.

76 AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 3~20. Income of Families and Primary Individuals by Selected CharacteristicsmOwner

Occupied Units

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Total

Zero to

neg~

ative

$1 to

$4,999

$5,000

to

$9,999

$10,000

to

$14,999

$15,000

to

$19,999

$20,000

to

$29,999

$30,000

to

$39,999

$40,000

to

$59,999

$60,000

to

$79,999

$80,000

to

$99,999

$100,000

to

$119,999

$120,000

or

more Median

Total 508.6 ................................ 9.8 12.1 15.4 14.8 16.6 36.1 39.1 87.6 71.6 62.3 42.6 100.7 66 381

Units in Structure

1, detached 424.4 .................................. 7.9 10.1 13.1 11.4 11.7 27.0 30.0 67.7 60.1 54.8 38.3 92.2 71 065 1, attached 41.1 ................................... .6 .6 .4 1.3 1.3 3.0 5.2 8.7 6.6 4.0 3.6 5.7 58 586 2 to 4 15.5 ....................................... 1.3 .7 .7 .9 .4 .9 .7 3.9 3.0 1.1 .7 1.3 51 514 5 to 9 6.0 ....................................... – – – – .4 .4 .4 2.0 .8 1.3 – .6 57 577 10 to 19 3.0 ..................................... – – .2 .2 .2 .5 .5 1.3 – .2 – – ... 20 to 49 2.0 ..................................... – .5 – – – .4 – .2 .5 .2 – .2 ... 50 or more 3.0 ................................... – .3 – – – .4 .2 1.3 .2 .4 – .2 ... Mobile home or trailer 13.5 ......................... – – 1.0 1.0 2.6 3.4 2.2 2.5 .3 .3 – .3 26 667

Year Structure Built1

2000 to 2004 – ................................. – – – – – – – – – – – – ...

1995 to 1999 25.0 ................................. – .2 – .4 .2 .2 1.6 3.1 2.9 4.2 3.6 8.6 98 539

1990 to 1994 32.7 ................................. .2 1.3 .8 – .4 2.4 1.3 4.1 4.8 6.3 4.9 6.2 83 180

1985 to 1989 46.3 ................................. 1.7 .4 .2 .4 .7 1.4 1.3 8.6 5.6 4.5 5.2 16.2 92 065

1980 to 1984 27.6 ................................. .2 .2 .4 .4 .5 .6 2.5 4.7 3.8 4.7 2.6 6.9 81 697

1975 to 1979 43.6 ................................. .4 1.1 .4 1.3 1.9 2.3 3.4 4.3 7.1 6.0 4.5 10.9 78 804

1970 to 1974 41.5 ................................. .8 .2 .3 1.1 .8 2.6 4.0 11.2 3.5 4.9 3.0 9.0 59 263

1960 to 1969 94.9 ................................. 1.9 3.0 3.3 2.1 2.9 9.6 8.4 15.7 13.3 11.5 7.1 15.9 60 598

1950 to 1959 84.2 ................................. 1.3 1.7 2.8 3.9 3.9 6.2 7.3 16.0 12.7 9.9 5.6 12.9 58 685

1940 to 1949 44.7 ................................. 1.1 1.5 3.2 1.7 2.2 5.0 4.0 9.7 6.3 3.4 2.6 4.1 47 674

1930 to 1939 24.1 ................................. .9 .4 1.5 .9 1.8 2.0 1.5 3.7 4.3 2.1 1.9 3.0 56 367

1920 to 1929 25.1 ................................. .6 1.4 1.6 1.8 .7 1.8 2.4 3.5 4.2 1.7 1.5 4.0 53 192

1919 or earlier 19.0 ................................ .6 .7 .7 .6 .7 2.0 1.3 2.9 3.1 3.1 .2 3.1 59 673

Median 1966 ...................................... 1962 1961 1952 1956 1958 1961 1964 1965 1964 1969 1974 1974 ...

Rooms

1 room .4 ...................................... – – .2 – – – – .2 – – – – ...

2 rooms 2.5 ..................................... – – .4 – – 1.0 .2 .2 .4 – – .2 ...

3 rooms 9.5 ..................................... .2 .7 .4 – 1.7 1.6 .2 1.9 2.0 .4 – .4 37 538

4 rooms 47.2 ..................................... .8 1.3 1.6 2.7 2.5 5.3 5.5 13.5 6.4 3.7 1.5 2.3 45 752

5 rooms 112.0 ..................................... 2.6 3.4 4.9 4.9 5.7 9.4 14.0 24.9 16.7 12.5 5.8 7.1 48 856

6 rooms 115.9 ..................................... 2.4 3.3 5.3 3.5 4.9 9.2 9.8 21.0 16.3 12.6 10.6 17.3 58 821

7 rooms 103.4 ..................................... 2.5 1.9 1.3 1.5 1.5 4.2 5.6 15.3 15.7 17.4 12.4 24.1 82 529

8 rooms 73.8 ..................................... .7 .8 .4 1.3 .4 3.2 3.2 6.6 9.4 11.1 8.1 28.6 99 724

9 rooms 29.4 ..................................... .5 .4 .9 .2 – 1.5 .6 2.3 3.2 3.5 2.4 13.9 113 665

10 rooms or more 14.5 ............................. .2 .2 – .6 – .6 – 1.8 1.3 1.1 1.7 6.8 114 638

Median 6.2 ...................................... 6.0 5.7 5.5 5.4 5.2 5.6 5.5 5.6 6.1 6.6 6.8 7.5 ...

Bedrooms

None .9 ........................................ – – .2 – – – – .5 – – – .2 ... 1 12.7 ........................................... .2 .3 .9 .4 1.8 1.7 1.1 2.7 2.6 .6 – .4 40 127 2 103.1 ........................................... 3.0 3.1 5.5 5.3 5.0 12.2 12.6 23.6 12.1 9.0 5.4 6.4 44 168 3 233.8 ........................................... 4.5 7.1 6.0 7.3 8.8 15.0 20.0 42.2 37.7 28.5 17.9 38.6 63 127 4 or more 158.2 .................................... 2.1 1.6 2.7 1.7 1.1 7.2 5.4 18.7 19.2 24.2 19.3 55.0 95 995 Median 3.1 ...................................... 2.9 2.9 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.8 2.9 3.1 3.3 3.4 3.5+ ...

Complete Bathrooms

None 5.4 ........................................ – .4 .8 .2 .4 1.7 – .4 1.3 – – – ...

1 93.1 ........................................... 2.7 2.9 6.3 3.2 7.1 11.7 10.6 21.0 14.0 6.1 2.8 4.7 41 821

1 and one~half 56.0 ................................ 1.5 1.3 1.6 3.6 1.7 6.2 5.0 11.5 7.3 5.9 4.8 5.7 52 457

2 or more 354.1 .................................... 5.5 7.5 6.7 7.8 7.4 16.4 23.5 54.7 48.9 50.4 35.1 90.3 79 454

Main Heating Equipment

Warm~air furnace 431.3 ............................. 6.8 10.7 12.4 11.6 12.5 28.5 30.9 72.6 59.0 54.3 37.2 94.9 70 074

Steam or hot water system 7.0 ..................... .4 – – .2 .4 .5 .5 1.3 .7 1.3 .2 1.5 65 443

Electric heat pump 4.5 ............................ .2 – – .4 .4 .2 .2 .6 .6 .9 .4 .4 ...

Built~in electric units 12.2 ........................... .8 .4 .4 .9 .7 1.3 1.3 3.0 .4 1.0 1.3 .6 41 883

Floor, wall, or other built~in hot air units without

ducts 43.4 ....................................... .9 .9 2.0 1.5 1.7 4.6 5.4 8.9 7.4 4.1 3.5 2.4 50 476

Room heaters with flue 3.0 ........................ .2 – .2 – – .2 .2 .7 1.3 .2 – – ...

Room heaters without flue .7 ..................... – – .2 – .3 – .2 – – – – – ...

Portable electric heaters 1.2 ....................... .2 – – – .3 .2 – – .4 – – – ...

Stoves 1.3 ...................................... .2 – – – .2 – – – .6 – – .2 ...

Fireplaces with inserts .6 ......................... – – – – – .2 – – .4 – – – ...

Fireplaces without inserts .6 ...................... – – – – – – – – .2 .2 – .2 ...

Other 1.8 ....................................... – – – .2 – .3 – .2 .4 .2 – .4 ... Cooking stove – ................................ – – – – – – – – – – – – ... None .8 ........................................ – – .2 – – – .4 .2 – – – – ...

Primary Source of Water

Public system or private company 504.5 ............... 9.6 11.9 15.2 14.5 16.1 35.9 39.1 87.4 70.4 61.6 42.6 100.2 66 430

Well serving 1 to 5 units 3.8 ....................... .2 .2 .2 .2 .6 .2 – .2 .9 .6 – .4 ...

Drilled 3.5 ..................................... .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 – .2 .9 .6 – .4 ...

Dug – ....................................... – – – – – – – – – – – – ...

Not reported .3 ............................... – – – – .3 – – – – – – – ...

Other .2 ....................................... – – – – – – – – .2 – – – ...

Means of Sewage Disposal

Public sewer 499.1 ................................. 9.2 11.9 15.0 14.5 15.8 34.9 38.3 87.2 70.0 60.4 42.6 99.4 66 520

Septic tank, cesspool, chemical toilet 9.2 ............ .7 .2 .4 .2 .9 .9 .8 .4 1.5 1.9 – 1.3 61 939

Other .3 ....................................... – – – – – .3 – – – – – – ...

AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998 77

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 3~20. Income of Families and Primary Individuals by Selected CharacteristicsmOwner

Occupied UnitsmCon.

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Total

Zero to

neg~

ative

$1 to

$4,999

$5,000

to

$9,999

$10,000

to

$14,999

$15,000

to

$19,999

$20,000

to

$29,999

$30,000

to

$39,999

$40,000

to

$59,999

$60,000

to

$79,999

$80,000

to

$99,999

$100,000

to

$119,999

$120,000

or

more Median

Main House Heating Fuel

Housing units with heating fuel 507.5 ......... 9.8 12.1 15.2 14.8 16.6 36.1 38.7 87.4 71.3 62.3 42.6 100.7 66 487

Electricity 74.8 .................................... 2.3 1.9 2.1 2.6 2.5 6.2 4.1 16.3 10.1 7.7 5.5 13.3 59 094

Piped gas 422.1 .................................... 6.6 10.2 13.1 11.9 13.0 27.2 34.4 70.5 58.6 53.3 37.1 86.2 68 269

Bottled gas 4.8 ................................... .4 – – .2 .3 2.3 – – .7 .4 – .4 ...

Fuel oil .5 ...................................... – – – – .2 – – – .2 – – – ...

Kerosene or other liquid fuel .4 .................... – – – – .2 – .2 – – – – – ...

Coal or coke – ................................. – – – – – – – – – – – – ...

Wood 2.8 ....................................... .4 – – – .2 – – .2 .8 .6 – .5 ...

Solar energy .4 ................................. – – – – – – – .2 .2 – – – ...

Other 1.8 ....................................... – – – – .2 .3 – .2 .6 .2 – .2 ...

Cooking Fuel

With cooking fuel 507.4 ..................... 9.8 11.8 15.4 14.8 16.3 36.1 38.9 87.4 71.6 62.1 42.6 100.7 66 496

Electricity 291.7 .................................... 6.0 9.0 8.0 7.0 8.7 19.1 23.2 50.8 40.9 35.7 26.5 56.8 66 920

Piped gas 210.7 .................................... 3.8 2.8 7.4 7.6 7.3 15.1 15.7 36.6 30.2 25.5 16.1 42.5 65 933

Bottled gas 3.7 ................................... – – – .2 .3 1.8 – – .4 .4 – .4 ...

Kerosene or other liquid fuel .2 .................... – – – – – – – – – .2 – – ...

Coal or coke – ................................. – – – – – – – – – – – – ...

Wood – ....................................... – – – – – – – – – – – – ...

Other 1.1 ....................................... – – – – – – – – – .2 – .9 ...

Persons

1 person 109.4 ..................................... 3.0 3.7 6.4 8.2 7.9 15.1 14.9 23.5 14.0 5.3 2.6 4.8 36 983 2 persons 171.6 .................................... 4.9 6.3 6.7 4.6 6.8 11.8 13.3 29.2 25.0 19.5 14.5 29.0 61 821 3 persons 85.5 .................................... .6 1.5 .9 .4 1.5 3.5 5.1 16.1 11.7 10.9 10.6 22.6 82 449 4 persons 82.8 .................................... .4 .4 .4 .9 .4 3.1 1.8 11.8 11.9 14.8 10.1 26.7 93 798 5 persons 38.4 .................................... .6 – .7 – – 1.9 3.0 5.0 5.5 7.4 4.3 10.1 86 901 6 persons 12.1 .................................... – .2 – .6 – .4 .4 .8 1.7 2.2 .2 5.4 96 262 7 persons or more 8.8 ............................ .2 – .2 – – .2 .6 1.3 1.7 2.1 .4 1.9 80 725 Median 2.3 ...................................... 1.9 1.9 1.7 1.5~ 1.6 1.7 1.9 2.2 2.4 3.1 2.9 3.2 ...

Household Composition by Age of

Householder

2~or~more person households 399.2 .................. 6.8 8.4 9.0 6.6 8.7 20.9 24.2 64.1 57.5 57.0 40.0 95.9 77 656

Married~couple families, no nonrelatives 312.3 ....... 4.9 5.8 4.7 4.4 5.8 13.9 16.1 42.5 42.5 48.4 34.1 89.3 86 430

Under 25 years 4.7 ........................... .2 – – – – – .4 2.3 .8 .5 – .4 ...

25 to 29 years 8.5 ............................ .4 – .2 .4 – .4 – 1.6 2.5 1.3 .4 1.3 69 696

30 to 34 years 27.2 ............................ .2 .4 – – – .7 1.3 3.6 4.9 4.8 3.7 7.6 90 154

35 to 44 years 89.1 ............................ .7 1.1 .4 .2 .6 1.9 3.1 9.3 13.9 16.4 13.2 28.2 96 191

45 to 64 years 129.1 ............................ .8 .6 1.3 1.3 1.7 3.7 4.4 17.1 14.9 22.4 14.4 46.3 96 604

65 years and over 53.7 ........................ 2.6 3.7 2.8 2.4 3.4 7.1 6.8 8.6 5.6 3.0 2.3 5.4 37 265

Other male householder 39.0 ..................... .2 .7 1.1 1.1 .6 1.4 3.2 10.7 7.8 4.8 2.8 4.7 61 369

Under 45 years 19.0 ........................... – .2 .4 .4 .4 .7 1.5 4.8 4.1 3.0 .9 2.4 64 259

45 to 64 years 14.9 ............................ .2 .2 .4 – – .2 1.3 4.2 2.8 1.7 1.9 1.9 66 467

65 years and over 5.1 ........................ – .2 .2 .6 .2 .4 .4 1.7 .9 – – .4 ...

Other female householder 47.9 ................... 1.7 1.9 3.2 1.1 2.3 5.6 4.9 10.9 7.2 3.8 3.2 1.9 45 649

Under 45 years 19.4 ........................... .7 .9 1.2 – .2 1.9 2.3 6.2 2.8 1.3 .7 1.2 48 066

45 to 64 years 17.9 ............................ .2 .6 .7 .2 .5 2.2 1.0 4.1 3.5 1.9 2.4 .6 57 203

65 years and over 10.6 ........................ .8 .4 1.4 .9 1.6 1.5 1.6 .6 .9 .6 .2 – 20 934

1~person households 109.4 .......................... 3.0 3.7 6.4 8.2 7.9 15.1 14.9 23.5 14.0 5.3 2.6 4.8 36 983

Male householder 48.9 ........................... 1.3 1.3 2.1 2.9 1.7 6.2 6.4 11.0 7.4 3.7 1.5 3.4 44 538

Under 45 years 18.6 ........................... .2 .4 .2 .6 .4 1.6 1.6 5.7 3.7 2.1 .9 1.2 55 103

45 to 64 years 15.0 ............................ .2 .2 .4 .2 .4 1.2 2.2 3.1 3.5 1.3 .6 1.5 56 373

65 years and over 15.3 ........................ .8 .7 1.5 2.1 .8 3.4 2.6 2.2 .2 .2 – .7 24 937

Female householder 60.5 ........................ 1.7 2.4 4.3 5.3 6.2 8.9 8.5 12.5 6.7 1.7 1.1 1.4 31 778

Under 45 years 10.2 ........................... .2 .4 .4 – .4 1.1 2.0 3.0 1.7 .4 .2 .2 43 496

45 to 64 years 20.4 ............................ – .6 .9 .5 1.2 3.4 3.9 5.1 2.8 1.0 .4 .6 39 329

65 years and over 29.8 ........................ 1.5 1.3 3.0 4.7 4.6 4.4 2.6 4.4 2.2 .2 .4 .5 19 736

Own Never Married Children Under 18

Years Old

No own children under 18 years 341.5 ................ 8.5 10.4 14.3 13.9 15.5 30.4 31.5 63.8 46.8 33.7 24.0 48.8 54 517 With own children under 18 years 167.1 ............... 1.3 1.7 1.1 .9 1.1 5.7 7.6 23.9 24.8 28.6 18.7 51.8 90 867 Under 6 years only 32.0 .......................... – .6 .2 .2 – .4 .9 5.7 5.9 4.6 4.6 8.9 88 768 1 18.0 ....................................... – .4 – – – .2 .4 3.7 2.3 2.6 3.1 5.2 94 639 2 12.7 ....................................... – .2 .2 .2 – – .4 2.0 3.0 1.9 1.5 3.2 83 031 3 or more 1.3 ................................ – – – – – .2 – – .6 – – .4 ... 6 to 17 years only 105.7 ........................... .8 .8 .9 .4 1.1 4.0 5.7 15.2 14.3 17.5 10.9 34.1 90 995 1 46.0 ....................................... .6 .6 .4 – .9 2.0 2.2 7.3 6.6 7.0 4.5 13.9 86 538 2 43.6 ....................................... – .2 – .2 .2 .6 2.8 6.1 6.1 7.3 5.2 14.8 95 047 3 or more 16.1 ................................ .2 – .4 .2 – 1.3 .7 1.7 1.6 3.2 1.3 5.4 91 495 Both age groups 29.3 ............................ .4 .2 – .2 – 1.3 1.1 3.0 4.5 6.5 3.2 8.9 91 999 2 16.8 ....................................... .2 – – – – 1.1 .2 1.5 2.4 4.3 2.3 4.7 93 808 3 or more 12.5 ................................ .2 .2 – .2 – .2 .9 1.5 2.1 2.2 .9 4.1 88 403

Monthly Housing Costs

Less than $100 3.4 ............................... .2 – 1.0 – .2 .5 .5 .9 – – – – ...

$100 to $199 19.6 ................................. .2 .9 2.6 2.1 2.4 2.5 2.4 2.8 2.2 1.0 .2 .2 26 117

$200 to $249 25.1 ................................. .4 2.0 1.4 2.5 1.7 4.6 2.9 5.0 2.9 .4 .2 1.1 29 841

$250 to $299 26.6 ................................. 1.3 .8 1.7 1.5 2.1 2.3 3.7 4.4 4.3 2.0 1.1 1.3 39 392

$300 to $349 24.9 ................................. .8 1.1 .9 1.3 1.3 4.0 2.1 4.3 3.2 1.9 .8 3.1 43 952

$350 to $399 17.8 ................................. – .8 .6 .6 1.4 2.4 1.9 4.2 1.7 2.1 .9 1.3 45 880

$400 to $449 14.5 ................................. .6 .4 .4 .4 .2 1.6 1.5 3.0 1.8 2.6 .6 1.3 53 586

$450 to $499 13.9 ................................. .6 .4 .6 .6 – .4 1.8 2.8 1.7 1.5 2.1 1.3 58 197

$500 to $599 23.4 ................................. .4 .6 1.4 1.5 1.4 2.2 2.6 4.1 3.2 2.1 .8 3.1 47 968

$600 to $699 20.8 ................................. .4 .5 .6 1.5 1.7 3.9 1.1 2.8 2.6 1.5 1.1 3.3 45 405

$700 to $799 16.3 ................................. .2 .5 .2 .4 1.0 2.3 1.8 3.4 2.6 1.3 1.3 1.3 50 166

$800 to $999 33.1 ................................. .9 .4 .2 .6 .9 3.7 5.9 7.6 3.9 3.2 1.8 4.1 50 501

$1,000 to $1,249 43.1 ............................. .8 1.1 1.5 .4 1.3 3.0 3.3 10.7 8.1 5.4 2.4 5.0 58 826

$1,250 to $1,499 47.3 ............................. .7 .6 .2 – .9 1.1 3.3 10.6 8.9 8.2 3.9 8.9 74 028

$1,500 or more 178.8 ............................... 2.1 1.9 2.0 1.3 .2 1.5 4.3 21.0 24.5 28.9 25.4 65.6 101 288

No cash rent ... ................................. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Median (excludes no cash rent) 1 086 ............... 655 446 348 350 369 460 608 961 1 179 1 431 1500+ 1500+ ...

78 AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 3~20. Income of Families and Primary Individuals by Selected CharacteristicsmOwner

Occupied UnitsmCon.

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Total

Zero to

neg~

ative

$1 to

$4,999

$5,000

to

$9,999

$10,000

to

$14,999

$15,000

to

$19,999

$20,000

to

$29,999

$30,000

to

$39,999

$40,000

to

$59,999

$60,000

to

$79,999

$80,000

to

$99,999

$100,000

to

$119,999

$120,000

or

more Median

Median Monthly Housing Costs for

Owners

Monthly costs including all mortgages plus

maintenance costs 1 144 .......................... 655 495 404 376 430 513 689 1 048 1 238 1500+ 1500+ 1500+ ...

Monthly costs excluding second and

subsequent mortgages and maintenance

costs 1 075 ...................................... 655 446 348 350 369 446 595 936 1 165 1 424 1500+ 1500+ ...

Monthly Housing Costs as Percent of

Current Income2

Less than 5 percent 31.6 ........................... – – .2 – .2 .5 .5 3.2 5.4 3.9 2.8 14.9 113 310 5 to 9 percent 75.2 ................................ – – .2 – 1.2 3.4 6.8 16.2 13.3 11.5 6.6 15.9 74 674 10 to 14 percent 65.5 .............................. .2 – .4 .2 1.8 6.5 6.7 11.7 6.3 4.2 5.4 22.0 76 428 15 to 19 percent 74.6 .............................. – – .9 2.6 2.1 6.0 4.2 6.2 8.1 12.0 8.2 24.3 91 972 20 to 24 percent 60.6 .............................. – – .9 1.8 2.0 2.4 2.6 6.8 10.7 13.0 9.9 10.5 84 816 25 to 29 percent 51.0 .............................. – – .7 1.3 1.6 3.7 2.0 10.1 11.3 9.2 4.9 6.2 70 903 30 to 34 percent 32.6 .............................. – .2 1.1 .8 .8 2.3 4.4 8.9 5.2 3.5 3.2 2.2 55 159 35 to 39 percent 23.8 .............................. – – .7 1.3 .6 2.3 3.0 8.3 3.9 2.0 .4 1.3 49 686 40 to 49 percent 28.6 .............................. – – 1.3 1.5 1.4 2.7 3.9 9.8 4.3 1.5 .9 1.5 47 345 50 to 59 percent 15.8 .............................. – – 1.1 1.1 1.3 3.3 2.9 2.8 1.3 1.1 – .9 33 818 60 to 69 percent 7.6 .............................. – .5 .9 1.1 1.3 1.3 .9 .6 .7 – – .4 20 703 70 to 99 percent 10.0 .............................. – .8 1.7 1.4 1.3 1.1 1.3 1.5 .7 – – .2 19 159 100 percent or more3.......................... 22.4 .2 10.6 5.4 1.8 1.1 .6 – 1.3 .4 .4 .2 .4 5 371 Zero or negative income 9.4 ....................... 9.4 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 5000~ No cash rent ... ................................. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Median (excludes 2 previous lines) 20 ........... 100+ 100+ 63 38 28 23 23 25 21 20 19 14 ... Median (excludes 3 lines before medians) 19 ..... 13 70+ 40 34 26 23 23 24 21 20 19 14 ...

Value

Less than $10,000 9.9 ............................ .9 .4 .5 – 1.1 2.3 .6 1.6 .2 .2 .6 1.5 29 212

$10,000 to $19,999 3.5 ........................... – .2 .3 – – 1.5 .3 .6 .5 – – – ...

$20,000 to $29,999 4.6 ........................... .2 – .2 – 1.1 1.4 .6 .3 .2 – – .5 ...

$30,000 to $39,999 2.2 ........................... – – – .6 – .4 .3 .2 .2 .2 – .2 ...

$40,000 to $49,999 1.0 ........................... – .2 .3 – .2 – – – – .2 – – ...

$50,000 to $59,999 4.5 ........................... .2 – .7 .7 .6 .4 .7 1.1 .2 – – – ...

$60,000 to $69,999 3.5 ........................... – – .4 1.1 – .8 .2 .4 .4 – – – ...

$70,000 to $79,999 6.3 ........................... .2 .6 .9 .2 – .7 .9 1.4 .9 .2 .2 – 34 938

$80,000 to $99,999 16.0 ........................... .2 .5 .2 .9 1.2 2.1 2.0 5.3 1.9 1.1 .2 .5 43 575

$100,000 to $119,999 18.0 ......................... .2 – .5 .9 1.6 3.4 3.6 4.2 2.2 1.1 .2 .2 36 752

$120,000 to $149,999 40.6 ......................... .6 .4 1.1 2.4 .6 3.0 5.2 9.1 8.8 5.1 1.7 2.6 55 395

$150,000 to $199,999 99.3 ......................... 2.3 3.7 3.4 4.1 5.9 7.3 9.8 24.3 14.1 11.0 7.3 6.1 50 847

$200,000 to $249,999 85.6 ......................... 2.1 2.4 2.2 1.5 1.7 3.9 4.9 18.6 16.7 10.3 9.9 11.5 66 663

$250,000 to $299,999 54.6 ......................... 1.3 1.1 .9 .4 1.7 3.2 3.4 8.3 8.2 10.5 5.4 10.4 77 282 $300,000 or more 158.9 ............................. 1.4 2.6 3.8 1.9 .9 5.8 6.7 12.2 16.8 22.4 17.1 67.2 105 659 Median 226 173 ...................................... 198 928 199 562 187 475 157 156 165 752 164 562 176 012 190 550 217 992 258 063 260 992 300K+ ...

Ratio of Value to Current Income

Less than 1.5 55.2 ................................ – .4 .5 – 1.7 5.3 2.1 4.4 4.9 4.7 4.5 26.7 115 849

1.5 to 1.9 55.5 .................................... – – .3 – .5 – .9 6.6 7.8 10.3 8.6 20.5 103 009

2.0 to 2.4 54.6 .................................... – – – .4 .2 1.7 1.9 5.2 9.1 8.6 9.1 18.3 100 239

2.5 to 2.9 56.0 .................................... – – – – .6 .4 2.5 9.0 13.7 9.4 6.2 14.2 83 825

3.0 to 3.9 75.9 .................................... – – – .2 – 1.5 5.7 20.1 16.2 14.5 7.2 10.5 72 859

4.0 to 4.9 53.5 .................................... .2 – .3 1.0 .4 4.9 6.5 17.8 6.6 8.6 3.3 3.9 55 099

5.0 or more 148.5 .................................. .2 11.7 14.2 13.1 13.2 22.1 19.7 24.5 13.2 6.1 3.8 6.7 29 845

Zero or negative income 9.4 ....................... 9.4 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 5000~

Median 3.4 ...................................... 5.0+ 5.0+ 5.0+ 5.0+ 5.0+ 5.0+ 5.0+ 3.9 3.0 2.9 2.4 2.1 ...

Monthly Payment for Principal and

Interest

One or more regular mortgages 344.3 ................ 5.6 4.5 5.4 4.7 6.1 17.2 21.5 59.5 51.2 49.9 34.1 84.7 78 626

Less than $100 14.0 ............................. .6 .2 .9 .4 .8 2.3 .9 2.9 1.3 1.8 .2 1.7 46 482

$100 to $199 9.7 ............................... .2 .2 .2 .9 .2 .9 1.1 2.8 1.1 1.1 .2 .8 48 023

$200 to $249 5.2 ............................... – – .6 – – .9 .4 .6 1.1 .5 .6 .4 ...

$250 to $299 6.4 ............................... – – – – 1.0 1.2 .7 .9 1.5 .2 .4 .6 48 486

$300 to $349 5.6 ............................... .2 – – .8 – .8 1.1 1.1 1.3 – .2 – 38 286

$350 to $399 5.3 ............................... – – – .2 .4 .6 .6 .9 .4 1.3 – .8 ...

$400 to $449 6.6 ............................... .2 – – – – 1.1 .9 1.8 .9 .4 .2 1.1 52 109

$450 to $499 5.7 ............................... .2 – – .2 – .5 1.7 1.5 .6 .4 – .6 44 066

$500 to $599 15.5 ............................... .4 .2 .2 .2 1.3 1.7 .8 4.0 2.6 1.6 1.3 1.1 54 219

$600 to $699 15.4 ............................... – .5 – – .6 2.2 2.4 3.4 3.0 1.5 .4 1.3 51 210

$700 to $799 18.4 ............................... .7 .2 .4 .7 .7 .9 1.9 4.8 2.3 3.0 .7 2.2 55 940

$800 to $999 40.7 ............................... .6 1.3 1.1 .2 .6 1.9 3.0 10.5 8.5 5.2 2.8 4.9 62 486

$1,000 to $1,249 56.1 ........................... .4 .4 .4 .2 .5 1.3 3.2 11.8 9.3 10.1 6.2 12.3 81 050

$1,250 to $1,499 52.2 ........................... .8 .9 .4 .2 – .5 1.9 7.8 9.7 9.6 7.6 12.8 88 163

$1500 or more 87.4 ............................. 1.1 .6 1.1 .6 – .4 .9 4.7 7.7 13.3 13.1 43.9 120K+

Median 1 105 .................................... 875 ... ... ... 547 521 704 896 1 029 1 198 1 369 1500+ ...

Average Monthly Cost Paid for Real

Estate Taxes

Less than $25 36.6 ................................ 1.1 1.3 2.2 1.4 3.1 5.2 4.3 6.4 3.4 3.5 1.7 3.2 39 594

$25 to $49 24.5 ................................... .4 .4 2.0 1.3 2.1 3.9 2.9 3.8 3.2 1.9 .4 1.9 36 976

$50 to $74 58.2 ................................... 1.1 3.1 3.0 3.7 3.9 7.8 6.0 12.0 7.5 5.3 1.5 3.4 40 833

$75 to $99 51.5 ................................... 1.0 1.1 1.8 2.6 2.8 6.2 5.1 9.5 7.0 3.2 3.9 7.2 50 843

$100 to $149 99.7 ................................. 2.8 3.0 2.1 2.3 2.4 6.1 9.7 22.5 16.2 14.5 5.6 12.6 59 114

$150 to $199 74.8 ................................. 1.3 1.1 1.5 1.5 .9 2.8 4.2 16.2 12.5 9.6 9.6 13.6 72 694

$200 or more 163.3 ................................. 2.1 2.1 2.8 1.9 1.5 4.2 6.8 17.2 21.7 24.3 19.8 58.7 97 467

Median 142 ...................................... 123 103 81 84 70 80 106 127 145 165 192 200+ ...

AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998 79

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 3~20. Income of Families and Primary Individuals by Selected CharacteristicsmOwner

Occupied UnitsmCon.

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Total

Zero to

neg~

ative

$1 to

$4,999

$5,000

to

$9,999

$10,000

to

$14,999

$15,000

to

$19,999

$20,000

to

$29,999

$30,000

to

$39,999

$40,000

to

$59,999

$60,000

to

$79,999

$80,000

to

$99,999

$100,000

to

$119,999

$120,000

or

more Median

Purchase Price

Home purchased or built 469.7 ....................... 7.7 9.7 13.2 13.3 14.4 31.6 36.1 78.0 68.2 60.2 41.5 95.8 69 035

Less than $10,000 10.8 .......................... .2 – 1.2 1.1 1.9 2.2 1.0 1.3 .6 .8 – .4 24 909

$10,000 to $19,999 29.8 ......................... .6 1.1 2.8 3.2 3.4 3.3 5.1 5.0 2.0 2.2 .4 .6 30 924

$20,000 to $29,999 29.0 ......................... .6 2.3 1.7 1.5 2.0 4.8 2.0 4.7 4.3 2.1 1.5 1.5 37 792

$30,000 to $39,999 22.1 ......................... .6 .9 .2 .2 .9 2.2 2.1 4.3 4.2 2.2 1.5 2.7 57 801

$40,000 to $49,999 12.8 ......................... .2 .2 .6 .2 .7 1.1 .7 3.3 1.5 2.3 .6 1.3 56 003

$50,000 to $59,999 10.9 ......................... – – .4 .4 1.1 1.1 2.0 1.7 1.7 1.1 .2 1.2 45 071

$60,000 to $69,999 10.7 ......................... – – .4 .8 – 1.1 1.3 3.4 .9 .8 .4 1.5 49 984

$70,000 to $79,999 14.0 ......................... .6 – .2 .6 .7 2.0 1.3 2.6 2.6 1.4 .4 1.5 51 793

$80,000 to $99,999 29.4 ......................... .4 .9 .2 .4 .6 3.0 3.0 6.6 4.8 4.1 1.5 3.8 58 690

$100,000 to $119,999 24.8 ....................... .2 .2 .4 .7 .4 2.0 3.8 4.6 3.7 4.0 2.2 2.6 60 482

$120,000 to $149,999 43.1 ....................... .4 – .9 1.1 .6 1.5 3.0 11.1 8.2 6.0 4.9 5.3 67 214

$150,000 to $199,999 69.5 ....................... .7 1.9 .9 .8 .9 2.4 3.6 14.1 15.0 10.2 7.4 11.5 72 515

$200,000 to $249,999 47.7 ....................... .2 .4 .2 .4 – .6 2.2 7.8 8.4 7.7 5.9 13.7 89 095

$250,000 to $299,999 27.7 ....................... .8 .2 – .2 .2 – .6 3.4 4.3 5.2 4.1 8.6 95 461

$300,000 or more 58.1 ........................... .2 .2 .7 – – .9 .7 1.7 2.8 7.7 8.7 34.6 120K+

Not reported 29.3 ............................... 1.7 1.3 2.3 1.5 1.1 3.3 3.7 2.5 3.2 2.1 1.7 4.8 39 041

Median 137 998 .................................... 80 297 38 962 28 495 34 459 27 253 54 245 84 988 121 044 142 480 158 961 191 614 241 660 ...

Received as inheritance or gift 9.0 .................. .9 .7 .2 .6 .4 1.1 .9 2.1 .6 .2 .2 1.1 37 069

Not reported 29.9 ................................. 1.3 1.7 1.9 .8 1.8 3.5 2.1 7.5 2.8 1.9 .9 3.8 45 012

1For mobile homes, oldest category is 1939 or earlier.

2Beginning with 1989 this item uses current income in its calculation, see Appendix A.

3May reflect a temporary situation, living off savings or response error.

80 AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 3~21. Housing Costs by Selected CharacteristicsmOwner Occupied Units

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Total

Less

than

$100

$100

to

$199

$200

to

$299

$300

to

$399

$400

to

$499

$500

to

$599

$600

to

$699

$700

to

$799

$800

to

$999

$1,000

to

$1,499

$1,500

or

more

No

cash

rent

Median

exclud~

ing no

cash

rent

Total 508.6 ............................. 3.4 19.6 51.7 42.7 28.4 23.4 20.8 16.3 33.1 90.4 178.8 ... 1 082

Units in Structure

1, detached 424.4 ............................... 1.5 16.8 46.7 34.0 23.5 17.0 15.7 12.7 24.0 73.0 159.7 ... 1 140 1, attached 41.1 ................................ .4 .2 2.1 2.4 2.7 2.3 1.7 1.3 4.3 9.6 13.9 ... 1 156 2 to 4 15.5 .................................... .4 .9 1.6 2.0 .7 1.0 .7 .4 1.6 3.4 2.9 ... 816 5 to 9 6.0 .................................... – – .2 .7 – .6 – .4 1.1 1.7 1.3 ... 1 004 10 to 19 3.0 .................................. .2 – – .7 – – .5 – .2 1.5 – ... ... 20 to 49 2.0 .................................. .2 .2 .4 .2 – .2 .2 – .4 – – ... ... 50 or more 3.0 ................................ – .3 – .7 .2 – .2 .2 .2 .6 .6 ... ... Mobile home or trailer 13.5 ...................... .6 1.3 .6 2.1 1.3 2.3 1.9 1.2 1.3 .6 .3 ... 537

Year Structure Built1

2000 to 2004 – .............................. – – – – – – – – – – – ... ...

1995 to 1999 25.0 .............................. – .4 .4 .4 .4 1.1 .4 .2 1.0 3.3 17.3 ... 1500+

1990 to 1994 32.7 .............................. .3 .4 .9 1.7 .9 .9 .9 1.4 .4 5.9 19.1 ... 1500+

1985 to 1989 46.3 .............................. .2 .6 1.9 2.7 2.8 .6 1.1 1.0 1.9 8.2 25.1 ... 1500+

1980 to 1984 27.6 .............................. .2 .4 .7 2.1 .9 1.5 .2 .4 2.4 7.2 11.6 ... 1 345

1975 to 1979 43.6 .............................. – 1.0 1.4 3.0 3.2 2.4 2.8 1.3 3.1 8.0 17.4 ... 1 224

1970 to 1974 41.5 .............................. – 1.3 3.8 2.5 3.0 2.5 1.8 1.5 6.2 7.1 11.8 ... 939

1960 to 1969 94.9 .............................. 1.6 1.9 12.4 10.4 7.5 5.4 4.9 3.1 6.4 13.5 27.8 ... 810

1950 to 1959 84.2 .............................. .2 6.8 14.8 7.3 3.8 3.8 3.2 1.7 6.8 17.1 18.6 ... 813

1940 to 1949 44.7 .............................. – 3.0 7.2 5.1 2.2 1.1 2.3 1.3 2.4 9.1 10.9 ... 811

1930 to 1939 24.1 .............................. – 1.8 2.7 3.4 1.7 1.5 1.1 1.1 .7 5.1 5.0 ... 684

1920 to 1929 25.1 .............................. .5 1.3 2.9 2.2 1.1 1.3 1.1 1.5 1.5 3.9 7.7 ... 877

1919 or earlier 19.0 ............................. .5 .6 2.7 1.8 .9 1.3 .9 1.7 .2 1.9 6.5 ... 749

Median 1966 ................................... ... 1955 1957 1961 1966 1965 1964 1963 1968 1966 1975 ... ...

Rooms

1 room .4 ................................... .2 .2 – – – – – – – – – ... ...

2 rooms 2.5 .................................. .2 – .2 – .2 .4 .3 .2 – .2 .7 ... ...

3 rooms 9.5 .................................. .3 1.8 .4 1.0 .2 .5 1.1 1.0 .7 1.5 1.1 ... 650

4 rooms 47.2 .................................. .6 3.0 5.3 6.6 2.2 2.3 2.2 1.6 5.0 12.1 6.1 ... 777

5 rooms 112.0 .................................. 1.3 8.1 15.0 7.2 5.4 6.1 5.1 4.8 9.6 28.3 21.1 ... 862

6 rooms 115.9 .................................. .8 5.1 16.8 13.1 6.0 7.3 2.7 3.9 7.3 18.4 34.4 ... 860

7 rooms 103.4 .................................. – 1.1 9.0 6.3 9.5 3.4 3.6 2.5 5.0 15.7 47.2 ... 1 356

8 rooms 73.8 .................................. – .2 3.8 6.5 3.0 1.9 2.8 1.1 3.2 8.7 42.6 ... 1500+

9 rooms 29.4 .................................. – .2 .8 1.7 1.1 1.3 1.3 – 1.5 3.9 17.6 ... 1500+

10 rooms or more 14.5 .......................... – – .2 .2 .7 .2 1.6 1.1 .9 1.5 8.1 ... 1500+

Median 6.2 ................................... ... 5.1 5.8 6.0 6.5 5.8 6.1 5.6 5.7 5.7 7.1 ... ...

Bedrooms

None .9 ..................................... .2 .2 – – – – – – – .2 .2 ... ... 1 12.7 ........................................ .5 1.4 .7 2.3 .2 1.1 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.7 1.1 ... 610 2 103.1 ........................................ 2.1 6.7 11.8 10.1 5.4 7.1 6.3 5.6 10.0 22.4 15.7 ... 737 3 233.8 ........................................ .6 10.4 30.7 19.8 13.6 10.8 6.2 6.7 15.3 45.1 74.6 ... 1 031

4 or more 158.2 ................................. – .9 8.5 10.5 9.2 4.4 6.9 2.8 6.7 21.0 87.2 ... 1500+

Median 3.1 ................................... ... 2.6 2.9 3.0 3.1 2.8 2.9 2.7 2.9 3.0 3.5 ... ...

Complete Bathrooms

None 5.4 ..................................... .4 1.0 .9 .5 .2 – – .2 – .9 1.3 ... ...

1 93.1 ........................................ 1.6 10.4 13.7 10.6 3.0 5.7 6.0 4.9 7.3 17.1 13.0 ... 627

1 and one~half 56.0 ............................. .2 3.1 7.8 5.3 3.5 2.9 2.4 2.0 4.8 10.6 13.2 ... 826

2 or more 354.1 ................................. 1.2 5.2 29.2 26.3 21.7 14.8 12.4 9.2 21.1 61.8 151.3 ... 1 292

Main Heating Equipment

Warm~air furnace 431.3 .......................... 2.6 12.9 40.6 36.0 24.9 19.8 16.9 11.7 26.8 75.0 164.0 ... 1 156 Steam or hot water system 7.0 .................. – .2 .7 .9 – .2 1.0 – .2 1.1 2.6 ... 1 089 Electric heat pump 4.5 ......................... – – .5 .4 .4 .4 .7 .6 .4 .6 .4 ... ... Built~in electric units 12.2 ........................ .4 .6 1.8 1.1 .6 .2 1.1 1.3 1.7 1.9 1.5 ... 719 Floor, wall, or other built~in hot air units without ducts 43.4 .................................... .2 5.0 6.8 3.8 2.0 2.8 1.1 2.4 2.8 8.1 8.3 ... 700 Room heaters with flue 3.0 ..................... – – .4 .2 – – – – .4 1.5 .5 ... ... Room heaters without flue .7 .................. – .5 .2 – – – – – – – – ... ... Portable electric heaters 1.2 .................... – .3 – – – – – .2 .2 .2 .2 ... ... Stoves 1.3 ................................... – – – – .2 – – – – .4 .7 ... ... Fireplaces with inserts .6 ...................... – – – – – – – – .2 .4 – ... ... Fireplaces without inserts .6 ................... – – – – .2 – – – – .2 .2 ... ... Other 1.8 .................................... – – .2 .3 – – – – – .8 .4 ... ... Cooking stove – ............................. – – – – – – – – – – – ... ... None .8 ..................................... .2 – .4 – – – – – .2 – – ... ...

Primary Source of Water

Public system or private company 504.5 ............ 3.4 19.3 51.2 42.7 27.7 23.2 20.8 16.1 32.4 89.5 178.1 ... 1 086

Well serving 1 to 5 units 3.8 .................... – .3 .2 – .7 .2 – .2 .7 .9 .7 ... ...

Drilled 3.5 .................................. – – .2 – .7 .2 – .2 .7 .9 .7 ... ...

Dug – .................................... – – – – – – – – – – – ... ...

Not reported .3 ............................ – .3 – – – – – – – – – ... ...

Other .2 .................................... – – .2 – – – – – – – – ... ...

Means of Sewage Disposal

Public sewer 499.1 .............................. 3.4 19.0 50.8 41.8 27.5 22.8 20.8 15.9 31.7 89.3 176.2 ... 1 089

Septic tank, cesspool, chemical toilet 9.2 ......... – .6 .9 .6 .9 .6 – .4 1.4 1.1 2.6 ... 875

Other .3 .................................... – – – .3 – – – – – – – ... ...

Main House Heating Fuel

Housing units with heating fuel 507.5 ...... 3.2 19.6 51.2 42.7 28.4 23.4 20.8 16.3 32.9 90.2 178.8 ... 1 084

Electricity 74.8 ................................. .9 3.3 6.8 5.5 5.0 3.3 3.0 4.5 6.0 14.3 22.3 ... 973

Piped gas 422.1 ................................. 2.1 15.4 44.0 35.0 22.4 19.9 17.5 11.4 26.4 73.8 154.3 ... 1 115

Bottled gas 4.8 ................................ .3 .5 .3 .6 .3 .2 .3 .4 .4 .2 1.1 ... ...

Fuel oil .5 ................................... – – – .5 – – – – – – – ... ...

Kerosene or other liquid fuel .4 ................. – .4 – – – – – – – – – ... ...

Coal or coke – .............................. – – – – – – – – – – – ... ...

Wood 2.8 .................................... – – .2 .4 .4 – – – – 1.3 .5 ... ...

Solar energy .4 .............................. – – – .2 .2 – – – – – – ... ...

Other 1.8 .................................... – – – .5 – – – – – .6 .6 ... ...

AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998 81

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 3~21. Housing Costs by Selected CharacteristicsmOwner Occupied UnitsmCon.

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Total

Less

than

$100

$100

to

$199

$200

to

$299

$300

to

$399

$400

to

$499

$500

to

$599

$600

to

$699

$700

to

$799

$800

to

$999

$1,000

to

$1,499

$1,500

or

more

No

cash

rent

Median

exclud~

ing no

cash

rent

Cooking Fuel

With cooking fuel 507.4 .................. 3.4 19.3 51.4 42.5 28.2 23.4 20.8 16.3 33.1 90.4 178.6 ... 1 085

Electricity 291.7 ................................. 1.3 8.7 30.3 26.8 19.4 13.0 10.6 8.8 19.2 54.5 99.1 ... 1 071

Piped gas 210.7 ................................. 1.9 10.3 20.9 14.9 8.4 10.4 9.5 7.1 13.6 35.6 78.2 ... 1 119

Bottled gas 3.7 ................................ .3 .3 .3 .6 .3 – .3 .4 .2 .2 .7 ... ...

Kerosene or other liquid fuel .2 ................. – – – – – – .2 – – – – ... ...

Coal or coke – .............................. – – – – – – – – – – – ... ...

Wood – .................................... – – – – – – – – – – – ... ...

Other 1.1 .................................... – – – .2 – – .2 – – – .6 ... ...

Persons

1 person 109.4 .................................. 2.0 10.6 17.8 12.9 6.7 7.6 6.6 4.6 7.0 16.5 17.1 ... 562

2 persons 171.6 ................................. .7 6.4 20.2 16.9 11.1 9.6 7.8 7.1 12.8 28.5 50.4 ... 892

3 persons 85.5 ................................. .7 1.3 6.5 6.9 4.9 3.3 1.8 1.5 6.9 17.1 34.7 ... 1 265

4 persons 82.8 ................................. – 1.1 4.6 3.0 2.5 1.3 2.6 2.5 2.9 17.2 45.3 ... 1500+

5 persons 38.4 ................................. – .2 1.1 2.6 2.2 .9 1.3 .2 3.0 7.1 19.9 ... 1500+

6 persons 12.1 ................................. – – .6 – .2 .4 .7 .2 .2 1.7 8.0 ... 1500+

7 persons or more 8.8 ......................... – – .9 .4 .9 .4 – .2 .2 2.4 3.5 ... 1 299

Median 2.3 ................................... ... 1.5~ 1.9 2.0 2.2 1.9 2.0 2.0 2.2 2.5 3.1 ... ...

Household Composition by Age of

Householder

2~or~more person households 399.2 ............... 1.4 9.0 33.9 29.8 21.7 15.8 14.2 11.7 26.1 73.9 161.7 ... 1 243

Married~couple families, no nonrelatives 312.3 .... .7 5.1 24.8 22.5 16.8 10.0 10.8 8.8 18.2 57.9 136.7 ... 1 332

Under 25 years 4.7 ........................ – .3 – .4 – .4 .4 .2 .7 .9 1.3 ... ...

25 to 29 years 8.5 ......................... – .4 .2 .7 .2 .2 .6 – .2 2.4 3.6 ... 1 356

30 to 34 years 27.2 ......................... .3 – 1.5 .9 .5 .6 .2 .2 .7 6.3 16.1 ... 1500+

35 to 44 years 89.1 ......................... – .9 2.8 3.7 1.2 3.0 1.3 1.5 3.3 18.8 52.7 ... 1500+

45 to 64 years 129.1 ......................... .2 .6 9.3 9.0 7.4 2.6 4.1 4.5 8.4 25.7 57.1 ... 1 356

65 years and over 53.7 ..................... .2 2.9 10.9 7.9 7.4 3.2 4.1 2.4 4.9 3.9 5.9 ... 466

Other male householder 39.0 .................. .2 1.8 2.8 2.5 2.6 2.1 1.7 1.1 3.2 7.1 14.0 ... 1 112

Under 45 years 19.0 ........................ .2 .4 .7 1.5 1.1 .6 .5 .4 1.7 4.5 7.3 ... 1 259

45 to 64 years 14.9 ......................... – .5 .4 .8 .9 1.5 .7 .2 1.3 2.4 6.3 ... 1 247

65 years and over 5.1 ..................... – .8 1.7 .2 .6 – .4 .4 .2 .2 .4 ... ...

Other female householder 47.9 ................ .4 2.1 6.3 4.8 2.4 3.7 1.7 1.8 4.7 9.0 10.9 ... 828

Under 45 years 19.4 ........................ .2 .4 1.1 1.2 1.1 .9 .6 .5 1.5 5.5 6.4 ... 1 197

45 to 64 years 17.9 ......................... – .2 2.2 2.2 .9 1.7 1.0 1.1 2.1 2.2 4.3 ... 771

65 years and over 10.6 ..................... .2 1.5 3.0 1.5 .4 1.2 – .2 1.1 1.3 .2 ... 340

1~person households 109.4 ....................... 2.0 10.6 17.8 12.9 6.7 7.6 6.6 4.6 7.0 16.5 17.1 ... 562

Male householder 48.9 ........................ .6 4.4 8.2 4.6 3.7 2.1 1.4 2.0 3.2 8.0 10.7 ... 659

Under 45 years 18.6 ........................ – 2.5 .4 1.3 1.4 .2 – .6 1.5 3.7 7.0 ... 1 183

45 to 64 years 15.0 ......................... – .7 1.8 1.3 1.0 1.2 .3 .4 1.0 3.9 3.3 ... 940

65 years and over 15.3 ..................... .6 1.3 6.0 2.0 1.3 .7 1.0 .9 .6 .4 .4 ... 296

Female householder 60.5 ..................... 1.4 6.2 9.5 8.2 3.0 5.6 5.2 2.6 3.8 8.5 6.4 ... 534

Under 45 years 10.2 ........................ .5 .2 .9 .9 .4 .6 .5 .2 .4 2.5 3.0 ... 1 090

45 to 64 years 20.4 ......................... .7 .4 2.8 2.1 .9 1.4 2.6 .4 1.9 4.2 3.0 ... 674

65 years and over 29.8 ..................... .2 5.5 5.8 5.2 1.7 3.6 2.2 1.9 1.5 1.7 .4 ... 363

Own Never Married Children Under

18 Years Old

No own children under 18 years 341.5 ............. 3.2 18.5 46.2 35.8 23.6 18.6 16.4 13.6 24.1 54.1 87.4 ... 762

With own children under 18 years 167.1 ............ .2 1.1 5.5 6.9 4.8 4.9 4.4 2.7 9.0 36.3 91.4 ... 1500+

Under 6 years only 32.0 ....................... – – 1.2 1.5 .4 .4 .9 .4 1.3 5.8 20.1 ... 1500+

1 18.0 .................................... – – .7 1.3 .4 – .4 .2 1.1 3.4 10.5 ... 1500+

2 12.7 .................................... – – .2 .2 – .4 .2 .2 .2 2.4 8.8 ... 1500+

3 or more 1.3 ............................. – – .2 – – – .2 – – – .9 ... ...

6 to 17 years only 105.7 ........................ .2 .6 3.3 4.1 3.7 4.2 3.1 2.1 7.0 23.0 54.4 ... 1500+

1 46.0 .................................... .2 .2 1.5 2.4 1.9 1.9 1.6 .9 4.1 12.0 19.4 ... 1 349

2 43.6 .................................... – .4 1.1 .9 1.0 1.5 .9 1.2 2.0 8.9 25.8 ... 1500+

3 or more 16.1 ............................. – – .6 .9 .8 .9 .6 – .9 2.1 9.3 ... 1500+

Both age groups 29.3 ......................... – .4 1.1 1.3 .7 .2 .4 .2 .7 7.5 16.8 ... 1500+

2 16.8 .................................... – .2 .6 .2 .5 .2 .2 – .2 4.7 9.9 ... 1500+

3 or more 12.5 ............................. – .2 .4 1.1 .2 – .2 .2 .4 2.8 6.9 ... 1500+

Income of Families and Primary

Individuals

Less than $5,000 21.9 .......................... .2 1.1 4.5 2.8 2.1 1.1 .9 .7 1.3 3.2 4.0 ... 519

$5,000 to $9,999 15.4 .......................... 1.0 2.6 3.1 1.5 1.0 1.4 .6 .2 .2 1.7 2.0 ... 360

$10,000 to $14,999 14.8 ........................ – 2.1 3.9 1.9 1.0 1.5 1.5 .4 .6 .4 1.3 ... 368

$15,000 to $19,999 16.6 ........................ .2 2.4 3.9 2.7 .2 1.4 1.7 1.0 .9 2.2 .2 ... 369

$20,000 to $24,999 13.9 ........................ – .6 3.6 3.0 .4 .9 1.3 .7 1.9 1.1 .4 ... 394

$25,000 to $29,999 22.2 ........................ .5 2.0 3.4 3.3 1.6 1.3 2.6 1.6 1.7 3.0 1.1 ... 521

$30,000 to $34,999 19.0 ........................ .5 1.6 4.2 2.1 1.7 .9 .4 .6 2.6 2.8 1.5 ... 464

$35,000 to $39,999 20.1 ........................ – .9 2.4 1.9 1.5 1.8 .6 1.2 3.3 3.8 2.8 ... 782

$40,000 to $49,999 45.4 ........................ .9 1.4 5.5 5.2 3.6 1.3 1.4 2.1 3.5 12.1 8.4 ... 874

$50,000 to $59,999 42.2 ........................ – 1.4 4.0 3.2 2.2 2.8 1.4 1.3 4.1 9.3 12.6 ... 1 040

$60,000 to $79,999 71.6 ........................ – 2.2 7.2 4.9 3.5 3.2 2.6 2.6 3.9 17.1 24.5 ... 1 171

$80,000 to $99,999 62.3 ........................ – 1.0 2.4 4.1 4.2 2.1 1.5 1.3 3.2 13.6 28.9 ... 1 417

$100,000 to $119,999 42.6 ...................... – .2 1.3 1.7 2.7 .8 1.1 1.3 1.8 6.3 25.4 ... 1500+

$120,000 or more 100.7 .......................... – .2 2.3 4.3 2.5 3.1 3.3 1.3 4.1 13.9 65.6 ... 1500+

Median 66 381 ................................... ... 27 504 34 063 43 962 54 472 51 280 45 491 48 150 51 224 66 612 101 288 ... ...

Value

Less than $10,000 9.9 ......................... 1.5 1.0 1.9 1.9 .4 .6 – .3 – .9 1.3 ... 327

$10,000 to $19,999 3.5 ........................ – .6 .5 .6 .6 – .6 – – .3 .2 ... ...

$20,000 to $29,999 4.6 ........................ .3 1.0 .5 .9 .5 – .6 .3 .3 .2 – ... ...

$30,000 to $39,999 2.2 ........................ .3 .2 .4 .2 .4 .2 – – .2 – .2 ... ...

$40,000 to $49,999 1.0 ........................ – .2 – .2 – .3 – – – .2 – ... ...

$50,000 to $59,999 4.5 ........................ – .9 .9 – .4 1.5 .2 .2 .3 – – ... ...

$60,000 to $69,999 3.5 ........................ .4 – .4 .2 .6 .3 .3 .8 .2 – .2 ... ...

$70,000 to $79,999 6.3 ........................ – .6 1.9 1.0 – .4 .2 .4 .9 .4 .4 ... 368

$80,000 to $99,999 16.0 ........................ .2 1.3 2.0 1.5 .4 2.1 1.7 .9 2.4 2.3 .9 ... 618

$100,000 to $119,999 18.0 ...................... – 2.0 2.0 1.7 .4 1.9 1.6 1.1 4.1 2.4 .7 ... 656

$120,000 to $149,999 40.6 ...................... – 1.9 5.9 3.9 1.5 1.0 1.9 1.1 6.1 15.0 2.4 ... 903

$150,000 to $199,999 99.3 ...................... .6 6.2 15.7 10.0 5.2 3.7 3.2 3.2 5.1 25.8 20.7 ... 876

$200,000 to $249,999 85.6 ...................... – 2.2 10.0 8.1 6.3 2.5 1.5 2.3 3.6 19.4 29.7 ... 1 163

$250,000 to $299,999 54.6 ...................... – .9 4.2 4.4 3.1 2.1 .4 1.7 2.7 8.5 26.6 ... 1 456

$300,000 or more 158.9 .......................... – .6 5.4 8.0 8.4 6.7 8.5 3.9 7.1 15.0 95.3 ... 1500+

Median 226 173 ................................... ... 150 277 180 294 195 772 228 599 194 256 199 524 196 709 169 181 195 582 300K+ ... ...

82 AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 3~21. Housing Costs by Selected CharacteristicsmOwner Occupied UnitsmCon.

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Total

Less

than

$100

$100

to

$199

$200

to

$299

$300

to

$399

$400

to

$499

$500

to

$599

$600

to

$699

$700

to

$799

$800

to

$999

$1,000

to

$1,499

$1,500

or

more

No

cash

rent

Median

exclud~

ing no

cash

rent

Ratio of Value to Current Income

Less than 1.5 55.2 ............................. 1.9 2.8 4.8 6.9 3.0 2.3 2.5 2.3 3.9 10.3 14.6 ... 861

1.5 to 1.9 55.5 ................................. – 2.3 2.9 3.0 2.3 2.7 1.8 1.5 3.2 12.6 23.2 ... 1 320

2.0 to 2.4 54.6 ................................. – 1.5 3.3 3.4 1.9 2.8 1.8 1.6 5.0 11.1 22.0 ... 1 263

2.5 to 2.9 56.0 ................................. – .6 3.4 2.2 2.6 1.9 1.7 1.7 3.7 12.0 26.3 ... 1 428

3.0 to 3.9 75.9 ................................. .2 1.5 6.7 4.9 4.8 2.1 1.9 2.6 3.0 15.6 32.5 ... 1 326

4.0 to 4.9 53.5 ................................. – 2.4 4.5 4.7 4.0 2.5 2.5 1.0 3.4 8.1 20.5 ... 1 110

5.0 or more 148.5 ............................... 1.0 8.3 24.3 17.0 8.6 8.7 8.1 5.4 10.0 19.5 37.5 ... 677

Zero or negative income 9.4 .................... .2 .2 1.7 .6 1.3 .4 .4 .2 .9 1.3 2.1 ... 652

Median 3.4 ................................... ... 4.4 4.9 4.1 3.8 3.9 4.2 3.3 3.1 2.9 3.1 ... ...

Monthly Payment for Principal and

Interest

One or more regular mortgages 344.3 ............. 1.1 2.3 3.6 4.9 6.5 9.3 11.1 10.6 29.0 88.6 177.3 ... 1500+ Less than $100 14.0 .......................... 1.1 2.1 3.2 2.9 1.9 1.3 .3 – .7 .3 .2 ... 321 $100 to $199 9.7 ............................ – .2 .4 1.7 2.8 2.2 .6 .2 .4 .8 .2 ... 486 $200 to $249 5.2 ............................ – – – .2 1.3 1.5 1.5 .2 – .4 – ... ... $250 to $299 6.4 ............................ – – – – – 1.7 2.2 2.0 .2 .2 – ... 667 $300 to $349 5.6 ............................ – – – – .2 1.5 1.5 .4 1.7 .2 – ... 670 $350 to $399 5.3 ............................ – – – – .2 .9 1.3 1.7 .8 .4 – ... ... $400 to $449 6.6 ............................ – – – – – – 1.3 2.4 2.0 .9 – ... 784 $450 to $499 5.7 ............................ – – – – – .2 1.1 .6 3.3 .3 .2 ... 858 $500 to $599 15.5 ............................ – – – – – – 1.1 2.6 9.0 2.5 .2 ... 890 $600 to $699 15.4 ............................ – – – – – – .2 .3 7.1 7.5 .2 ... 1 003 $700 to $799 18.4 ............................ – – – – – – – – 3.1 15.1 .2 ... 1 202 $800 to $999 40.7 ............................ – – – – – – – – .6 34.5 5.6 ... 1 286 $1,000 to $1,249 56.1 ........................ –– – – – – – – – 24.1 32.0 ... 1500+ $1,250 to $1,499 52.2 ........................ – – – – – – – – – 1.3 51.0 ... 1500+ $1500 or more 87.4 .......................... –– – – – – – – – – 87.4 ... 1500+ Median 1 105 ................................. ... ... ... ... 148 238 330 414 559 890 1 494 ... ...

Average Monthly Cost Paid for Real

Estate Taxes

Less than $25 36.6 ............................. 3.0 3.8 3.9 5.0 3.3 3.7 3.1 .3 2.4 3.0 5.1 ... 480

$25 to $49 24.5 ................................ .4 6.3 5.7 3.5 .8 1.2 1.5 2.0 1.1 .9 1.1 ... 298

$50 to $74 58.2 ................................ – 7.2 18.9 6.2 3.1 3.0 2.3 1.7 4.5 7.6 3.7 ... 348

$75 to $99 51.5 ................................ – 1.5 12.3 6.8 2.5 2.5 2.7 2.4 5.7 8.8 6.3 ... 606

$100 to $149 99.7 .............................. – .6 9.2 11.0 7.3 3.8 3.2 3.5 11.9 28.7 20.4 ... 988

$150 to $199 74.8 .............................. – – 1.7 5.7 3.8 2.7 3.0 1.5 2.5 22.9 30.9 ... 1 358

$200 or more 163.3 .............................. – .2 – 4.6 7.5 6.5 4.9 5.0 4.9 18.6 111.3 ... 1500+

Median 142 ................................... ... 49 71 100 130 117 111 126 112 143 200+ ... ...

Purchase Price

Home purchased or built 469.7 .................... 1.7 16.1 45.3 36.9 25.8 20.1 19.4 14.4 30.8 86.8 172.4 ... 1 140

Less than $10,000 10.8 ....................... .2 2.9 4.2 1.5 .4 .4 .3 – .4 .2 .2 ... 254

$10,000 to $19,999 29.8 ...................... – 6.2 11.5 4.0 3.6 .9 1.3 .4 .8 .8 .2 ... 276

$20,000 to $29,999 29.0 ...................... – 2.2 8.9 4.4 3.0 2.9 1.7 2.1 1.9 1.5 .5 ... 378

$30,000 to $39,999 22.1 ...................... – – 4.0 3.9 2.5 1.7 1.5 1.3 1.6 2.6 3.0 ... 536

$40,000 to $49,999 12.8 ...................... – .2 1.3 1.5 .4 1.5 1.4 .2 2.3 3.2 .8 ... 780

$50,000 to $59,999 10.9 ...................... .5 – 1.5 .8 1.1 .7 1.7 .9 1.5 1.8 .4 ... 648

$60,000 to $69,999 10.7 ...................... – – 1.3 .9 1.3 1.0 .6 1.3 1.9 1.5 .9 ... 716

$70,000 to $79,999 14.0 ...................... – .2 1.7 2.0 .5 .9 1.5 1.4 2.8 1.4 1.7 ... 720

$80,000 to $99,999 29.4 ...................... .2 .7 2.4 3.6 .6 1.2 1.9 .7 6.2 7.4 4.4 ... 907

$100,000 to $119,999 24.8 .................... – .7 1.8 1.9 .9 .2 .7 .6 3.8 10.8 3.4 ... 1 086

$120,000 to $149,999 43.1 .................... – .4 .9 2.6 1.9 1.0 .8 .9 1.0 22.3 11.3 ... 1 270

$150,000 to $199,999 69.5 .................... – .4 1.9 2.7 3.2 2.7 .8 .4 1.1 20.1 36.1 ... 1500+

$200,000 to $249,999 47.7 .................... – – .4 1.9 2.6 .9 .7 1.0 1.1 6.1 33.1 ... 1500+

$250,000 to $299,999 27.7 .................... – – – 1.1 .6 .9 .7 – .4 1.1 23.0 ... 1500+

$300,000 or more 58.1 ........................ – – .7 .4 .4 1.5 2.0 1.3 1.7 2.4 47.5 ... 1500+

Not reported 29.3 ............................ .7 2.2 2.8 3.7 2.9 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.1 3.6 5.9 ... 639

Median 137 998 ................................. ... 16 568 26 318 66 372 63 320 71 005 71 717 71 011 83 091 133 985 230 751 ... ...

Received as inheritance or gift 9.0 ............... – 1.3 2.9 2.1 .2 – .3 .2 .7 .8 .4 ... 312

Not reported 29.9 .............................. 1.7 2.1 3.4 3.7 2.3 3.3 1.1 1.7 1.6 2.8 6.0 ... 547

1For mobile homes, oldest category is 1939 or earlier.

AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998 83

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 3~22. Value by Selected CharacteristicsmOwner Occupied Units

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Total

Less

than

$30,000

$30,000

to

$39,999

$40,000

to

$49,999

$50,000

to

$59,999

$60,000

to

$79,999

$80,000

to

$99,999

$100,000

to

$149,999

$150,000

to

$199,999

$200,000

to

$249,999

$250,000

to

$299,999

$300,000

or

more Median

Total 508.6 ................................ 18.0 2.2 1.0 4.5 9.8 16.0 58.7 99.3 85.6 54.6 158.9 226 173

Units in Structure

1, detached 424.4 .................................. 9.0 1.7 .7 3.0 3.9 7.2 41.8 82.2 76.3 47.0 151.7 241 118

1, attached 41.1 ................................... .9 – – – 2.2 3.7 7.4 10.1 5.3 6.8 4.7 181 767

2 to 4 15.5 ....................................... 1.0 .2 – – 1.1 1.1 3.9 3.5 2.6 .4 1.5 154 699

5 to 9 6.0 ....................................... – – – – .2 1.3 1.7 1.7 .5 .2 .4 142 807

10 to 19 3.0 ..................................... – – – – .3 .4 1.3 .6 .4 – – ...

20 to 49 2.0 ..................................... – – – .2 – .5 .4 .4 .2 – .2 ...

50 or more 3.0 ................................... – – – – .2 .4 .8 .7 .2 .2 .4 ...

Mobile home or trailer 13.5 ......................... 7.1 .3 .3 1.3 1.9 1.3 1.3 – – – – 30000~

Year Structure Built1

2000 to 2004 – ................................. ––––– – – – – – – ...

1995 to 1999 25.0 ................................. .2 – – – – .8 1.6 3.8 1.3 3.5 13.7 300K+

1990 to 1994 32.7 ................................. 1.8 – – – .5 1.7 2.1 6.1 4.3 2.5 13.6 246 909

1985 to 1989 46.3 ................................. 2.0 – – – .9 1.2 5.3 7.7 5.4 5.3 18.5 256 112

1980 to 1984 27.6 ................................. .7 – – – .6 1.3 4.7 4.6 3.0 2.9 9.7 231 392

1975 to 1979 43.6 ................................. 2.1 .4 – .6 1.2 .9 5.2 5.8 6.1 5.3 15.9 245 301

1970 to 1974 41.5 ................................. 1.4 – .3 .6 1.2 1.8 5.0 5.4 9.0 5.8 10.9 228 078

1960 to 1969 94.9 ................................. 5.3 .5 – .8 1.2 2.8 7.7 15.3 19.4 11.7 30.5 236 342

1950 to 1959 84.2 ................................. 1.1 .5 .4 .6 1.0 1.9 9.7 21.2 19.4 8.1 20.2 214 573

1940 to 1949 44.7 ................................. 1.8 .6 – .6 .4 1.7 7.1 15.8 7.9 2.6 6.2 181 927

1930 to 1939 24.1 ................................. .5 .2 – .7 .4 .4 4.8 4.3 4.7 1.7 6.3 207 111

1920 to 1929 25.1 ................................. .9 – .2 .2 1.1 .4 3.3 6.1 2.8 3.3 6.6 203 211

1919 or earlier 19.0 ................................ .2 – – .4 1.2 .9 2.2 3.3 2.2 1.9 6.7 228 701

Median 1966 ...................................... 1969 ... ... ... 1966 1969 1963 1959 1963 1968 1971 ...

Rooms

1 room .4 ...................................... – – – – – .2 – .2 – – – ...

2 rooms 2.5 ..................................... .3 – – – .2 .2 .4 – .4 .2 .6 ...

3 rooms 9.5 ..................................... 2.3 – – .5 .9 1.1 1.0 2.0 1.1 – .6 98 035

4 rooms 47.2 ..................................... 3.3 .2 – 1.1 2.4 6.0 12.6 13.0 3.3 2.6 2.6 141 673

5 rooms 112.0 ..................................... 5.0 .7 .2 1.7 5.1 4.8 22.4 29.5 22.1 10.3 10.2 177 502

6 rooms 115.9 ..................................... 2.3 .5 .7 1.0 .8 2.4 15.1 30.0 25.8 15.3 22.0 209 895

7 rooms 103.4 ..................................... 1.5 .6 – .2 – 1.0 5.5 15.3 22.0 16.2 41.1 267 190

8 rooms 73.8 ..................................... 2.4 – – – .2 – .7 6.5 9.4 7.9 46.8 300K+

9 rooms 29.4 ..................................... .8 .2 – – .2 – .9 1.9 1.3 1.5 22.6 300K+

10 rooms or more 14.5 ............................. – – – – – .2 .2 .8 .2 .6 12.3 300K+

Median 6.2 ...................................... 5.1 ... ... ... 4.8 4.6 5.2 5.7 6.1 6.4 7.5 ...

Bedrooms

None .9 ........................................ – – – – .2 .2 – .4 – – – ...

1 12.7 ........................................... 3.0 – – .6 .9 .9 2.4 2.7 1.3 – .8 117 660

2 103.1 ........................................... 6.2 1.0 .7 2.4 5.6 9.7 23.8 22.8 11.9 8.6 10.5 154 874

3 233.8 ........................................... 4.3 1.3 .2 1.0 2.2 5.0 28.6 53.7 50.5 26.7 60.3 220 386

4 or more 158.2 .................................... 4.4 – – .5 .8 .2 3.8 19.8 21.9 19.4 87.2 300K+

Median 3.1 ...................................... 2.5 ... ... ... 2.2 2.2 2.6 2.9 3.1 3.2 3.5+ ...

Complete Bathrooms

None 5.4 ........................................ .8 – – .2 .2 .7 .4 .8 .9 .4 .9 ...

1 93.1 ........................................... 7.8 .9 .2 2.5 4.7 7.8 21.3 28.1 10.7 4.9 4.2 152 414

1 and one~half 56.0 ................................ 1.4 .2 – – 1.1 2.8 10.4 13.5 13.3 5.4 8.0 194 857

2 or more 354.1 .................................... 7.9 1.2 .7 1.8 3.8 4.7 26.5 57.0 60.7 43.9 145.8 264 408

Main Heating Equipment

Warm~air furnace 431.3 ............................. 13.8 1.2 1.0 3.4 6.5 12.1 42.4 77.1 73.5 50.9 149.6 239 642

Steam or hot water system 7.0 ..................... .3 – – – .2 – 1.1 1.1 1.3 .4 2.6 231 915

Electric heat pump 4.5 ............................ – – – – – .5 1.1 .6 .4 .2 1.7 ...

Built~in electric units 12.2 ........................... .2 – – .7 .6 .9 3.4 3.3 1.3 .6 1.2 155 167

Floor, wall, or other built~in hot air units without

ducts 43.4 ....................................... 2.2 .9 – .4 1.8 2.6 9.9 13.4 7.6 1.7 2.9 164 530

Room heaters with flue 3.0 ........................ .2 – – – .4 – .7 1.1 .4 .2 – ...

Room heaters without flue .7 ..................... .3 – – – – – – .4 – – – ...

Portable electric heaters 1.2 ....................... .3 – – – – – – .4 – .4 – ...

Stoves 1.3 ...................................... .2 – – – – – – .4 .4 .2 – ...

Fireplaces with inserts .6 ......................... – – – – – – – .4 – – .2 ...

Fireplaces without inserts .6 ...................... – – – – – – – .2 .2 – .2 ...

Other 1.8 ....................................... .3 .2 – – – – – .7 .2 – .4 ...

Cooking stove – ................................ ––––– – – – – – – ...

None .8 ........................................ – – – – .2 – .2 .2 .2 – – ...

Primary Source of Water

Public system or private company 504.5 ............... 17.4 2.2 1.0 4.5 9.6 16.0 58.0 99.1 84.1 54.6 158.0 226 445

Well serving 1 to 5 units 3.8 ....................... .6 – – – – – .7 .2 1.5 – .8 ...

Drilled 3.5 ..................................... .2 – – – – – .7 .2 1.5 – .8 ...

Dug – ....................................... ––––– – – – – – – ...

Not reported .3 ............................... .3 – – – – – – – – – – ...

Other .2 ....................................... – – – – .2 – – – – – – ...

Means of Sewage Disposal

Public sewer 499.1 ................................. 16.5 2.2 1.0 4.5 9.8 16.0 57.6 99.1 83.6 53.8 154.8 225 552

Septic tank, cesspool, chemical toilet 9.2 ............ 1.2 – – – – – 1.0 .2 1.9 .8 4.0 265 376

Other .3 ....................................... .3 – – – – – – – – – – ...

Main House Heating Fuel

Housing units with heating fuel 507.5 ......... 18.0 2.2 1.0 4.5 9.6 16.0 58.5 99.1 85.1 54.6 158.9 226 360

Electricity 74.8 .................................... 2.6 .4 – 1.3 1.9 4.0 11.6 16.1 10.3 9.1 17.5 198 369

Piped gas 422.1 .................................... 12.5 1.8 1.0 3.2 7.5 12.0 46.5 80.4 73.1 44.5 139.7 231 612

Bottled gas 4.8 ................................... 2.4 – – – – – .2 .2 .7 .4 .9 ...

Fuel oil .5 ...................................... – – – – .2 – .2 – – – – ...

Kerosene or other liquid fuel .4 .................... – – – – – – – .4 – – – ...

Coal or coke – ................................. ––––– – – – – – – ...

Wood 2.8 ....................................... .2 – – – – – – 1.5 .7 .2 .2 ...

Solar energy .4 ................................. – – – – – – – – .2 – .2 ...

Other 1.8 ....................................... .3 – – – – – – .4 .2 .4 .4 ...

84 AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 3~22. Value by Selected CharacteristicsmOwner Occupied UnitsmCon.

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Total

Less

than

$30,000

$30,000

to

$39,999

$40,000

to

$49,999

$50,000

to

$59,999

$60,000

to

$79,999

$80,000

to

$99,999

$100,000

to

$149,999

$150,000

to

$199,999

$200,000

to

$249,999

$250,000

to

$299,999

$300,000

or

more Median

Cooking Fuel

With cooking fuel 507.4 ..................... 17.4 2.2 1.0 4.3 9.8 15.7 58.7 99.1 85.6 54.6 158.9 226 533

Electricity 291.7 .................................... 5.7 .7 .2 1.5 4.7 9.8 31.2 57.6 52.0 36.0 92.5 233 309

Piped gas 210.7 .................................... 9.6 1.6 .8 2.8 5.2 5.9 27.5 41.3 32.9 18.0 65.0 216 178

Bottled gas 3.7 ................................... 2.1 – – – – – – – .7 .4 .4 ...

Kerosene or other liquid fuel .2 .................... – – – – – – – .2 – – – ...

Coal or coke – ................................. ––––– – – – – – – ...

Wood – ....................................... ––––– – – – – – – ...

Other 1.1 ....................................... ––––– – – – – .2 .9 ...

Persons

1 person 109.4 ..................................... 6.6 1.4 – 2.1 5.1 8.4 16.2 25.0 15.0 10.6 18.8 179 650

2 persons 171.6 .................................... 5.8 .9 .4 1.2 1.8 2.6 18.7 33.1 30.9 19.4 57.0 234 654

3 persons 85.5 .................................... 2.6 – .5 .2 1.9 2.1 9.3 16.3 16.1 10.2 26.3 230 539

4 persons 82.8 .................................... 1.9 – – .6 1.1 1.7 7.5 12.7 13.1 9.0 35.2 265 336

5 persons 38.4 .................................... .7 – – .2 – .9 5.4 7.3 7.2 2.5 14.3 233 116

6 persons 12.1 .................................... – – – – – .2 .9 2.0 1.5 1.7 5.9 294 744

7 persons or more 8.8 ............................ .4 – – .2 – – .6 3.0 1.7 1.3 1.5 203 538

Median 2.3 ...................................... 1.9 ... ... ... 1.5~ 1.5~ 2.2 2.2 2.4 2.4 2.6 ...

Household Composition by Age of

Householder

2~or~more person households 399.2 .................. 11.4 .9 1.0 2.4 4.7 7.5 42.4 74.3 70.5 44.0 140.1 238 982 Married~couple families, no nonrelatives 312.3 ....... 7.5 .7 .4 1.0 3.0 4.9 27.5 52.4 56.6 35.1 123.4 253 352 Under 25 years 4.7 ........................... .2 – – .3 .4 – .9 .7 1.1 .2 .9 ... 25 to 29 years 8.5 ............................ – .4 – .2 – .4 1.3 3.2 1.0 .8 1.1 179 315 30 to 34 years 27.2 ............................ 1.2 – – – – .2 3.7 4.5 5.3 3.9 8.5 238 325 35 to 44 years 89.1 ............................ 2.0 – .2 – – 1.9 9.1 15.0 16.1 9.4 35.4 251 317 45 to 64 years 129.1 ............................ 2.7 .2 .2 – 1.5 1.9 6.2 17.5 25.6 14.2 59.1 280 799 65 years and over 53.7 ........................ 1.4 – – .4 1.1 .5 6.3 11.5 7.5 6.6 18.5 238 194 Other male householder 39.0 ..................... 1.0 .2 – .8 .9 1.4 6.1 10.9 5.6 4.7 7.4 191 778 Under 45 years 19.0 ........................... .2 – – .6 .3 .5 4.5 5.6 2.2 2.3 2.9 180 915 45 to 64 years 14.9 ............................ .8 .2 – – .4 .5 1.4 3.4 2.6 1.9 3.6 214 157 65 years and over 5.1 ........................ – – – .2 .2 .4 .2 1.9 .8 .4 .9 ... Other female householder 47.9 ................... 2.9 – .5 .7 .9 1.3 8.8 11.0 8.3 4.2 9.2 190 264 Under 45 years 19.4 ........................... 1.5 – – – .7 .2 4.1 4.0 3.6 2.1 3.2 190 470 45 to 64 years 17.9 ............................ .7 – – .4 .2 .9 2.6 3.9 3.0 1.9 4.3 204 220 65 years and over 10.6 ........................ .8 – .5 .2 – .2 2.2 3.0 1.7 .2 1.8 173 171 1~person households 109.4 .......................... 6.6 1.4 – 2.1 5.1 8.4 16.2 25.0 15.0 10.6 18.8 179 650 Male householder 48.9 ........................... 2.3 .2 – 1.1 2.7 3.2 7.6 12.3 6.4 4.5 8.6 179 818 Under 45 years 18.6 ........................... 1.1 – – .2 .5 1.1 2.8 4.1 3.1 1.9 3.9 194 225 45 to 64 years 15.0 ............................ .6 – – .2 .9 1.2 1.7 4.6 1.8 1.3 2.8 182 120 65 years and over 15.3 ........................ .7 .2 – .6 1.3 1.0 3.0 3.7 1.5 1.3 2.0 160 922 Female householder 60.5 ........................ 4.3 1.1 – 1.0 2.4 5.2 8.6 12.7 8.7 6.2 10.2 179 486 Under 45 years 10.2 ........................... .7 .3 – – .4 .7 1.5 2.8 1.3 1.1 1.5 177 457 45 to 64 years 20.4 ............................ 2.1 .4 – .3 .5 1.8 2.4 3.8 2.8 1.7 4.7 186 474 65 years and over 29.8 ........................ 1.5 .4 – .8 1.5 2.8 4.8 6.1 4.6 3.4 4.0 175 992

Own Never Married Children Under 18

Years Old

No own children under 18 years 341.5 ................ 14.7 2.0 .7 3.5 7.8 12.6 40.7 71.2 57.0 37.4 93.8 215 333 With own children under 18 years 167.1 ............... 3.3 .2 .2 1.0 2.1 3.4 17.9 28.1 28.6 17.3 65.0 247 808 Under 6 years only 32.0 .......................... .2 – .2 .2 .7 .4 2.6 4.3 7.3 4.5 11.5 249 910 1 18.0 ....................................... .2 – .2 – .5 .4 1.1 3.2 4.1 2.4 5.9 241 137 2 12.7 ....................................... – – – – .2 – 1.5 1.1 2.6 2.1 5.2 271 743 3 or more 1.3 ................................ – – – .2 – – – – .6 – .4 ... 6 to 17 years only 105.7 ........................... 1.9 .2 – .6 1.4 3.0 12.7 18.2 16.2 9.1 42.5 245 953 1 46.0 ....................................... .9 .2 – – 1.1 1.1 7.1 9.3 7.7 3.2 15.4 221 526 2 43.6 ....................................... .6 – – .6 – 1.5 4.5 5.7 6.5 4.7 19.5 275 221 3 or more 16.1 ................................ .4 – – – .2 .4 1.1 3.2 1.9 1.2 7.6 280 585 Both age groups 29.3 ............................ 1.1 – – .2 – – 2.6 5.6 5.1 3.7 11.0 250 939 2 16.8 ....................................... .7 – – – – – 1.3 2.4 2.7 3.3 6.5 270 352 3 or more 12.5 ................................ .5 – – .2 – – 1.3 3.2 2.4 .4 4.6 223 322

Income of Families and Primary

Individuals

Less than $5,000 21.9 ............................. 1.7 – .2 .2 .9 .7 1.3 6.0 4.5 2.3 4.0 199 315 $5,000 to $9,999 15.4 ............................. 1.1 – .3 .7 1.4 .2 1.5 3.4 2.2 .9 3.8 187 475 $10,000 to $14,999 14.8 ........................... – .6 – .7 1.3 .9 3.3 4.1 1.5 .4 1.9 157 156 $15,000 to $19,999 16.6 ........................... 2.2 – .2 .6 – 1.2 2.3 5.9 1.7 1.7 .9 165 752 $20,000 to $24,999 13.9 ........................... 2.1 – – .2 .3 1.2 2.0 3.2 1.1 1.1 2.8 167 880 $25,000 to $29,999 22.2 ........................... 3.0 .4 – .2 1.3 .9 4.3 4.1 2.8 2.1 3.1 161 908 $30,000 to $34,999 19.0 ........................... .5 .3 – .7 .7 .6 3.7 4.8 3.4 1.5 2.8 180 797 $35,000 to $39,999 20.1 ........................... 1.0 – – – .5 1.3 5.1 4.9 1.5 1.9 3.9 171 344 $40,000 to $49,999 45.4 ........................... 1.9 .2 – 1.1 1.1 1.5 6.7 12.3 11.2 4.0 5.3 191 200 $50,000 to $59,999 42.2 ........................... .5 – – – .7 3.8 6.6 12.0 7.4 4.3 6.9 189 881 $60,000 to $79,999 71.6 ........................... 1.0 .2 – .2 1.3 1.9 11.0 14.1 16.7 8.2 16.8 217 992 $80,000 to $99,999 62.3 ........................... .2 .2 .2 – .2 1.1 6.2 11.0 10.3 10.5 22.4 258 063 $100,000 to $119,999 42.6 ......................... .6 – – – .2 .2 1.9 7.3 9.9 5.4 17.1 260 992

$120,000 or more 100.7 ............................. 2.0 .2 – – – .5 2.8 6.1 11.5 10.4 67.2 300K+

Median 66 381 ...................................... 28 089 ... ... ... 29 228 46 273 48 678 50 719 66 663 77 282 105 659 ...

Monthly Housing Costs

Less than $100 3.4 ............................... 1.8 .3 – – .4 .2 – .6 – – – ...

$100 to $199 19.6 ................................. 2.5 .2 .2 .9 .6 1.3 3.9 6.2 2.2 .9 .6 150 277

$200 to $249 25.1 ................................. 1.6 .4 – .2 1.8 .7 4.7 6.4 5.7 1.5 2.2 175 080

$250 to $299 26.6 ................................. 1.2 – – .7 .5 1.3 3.2 9.3 4.3 2.7 3.2 183 855

$300 to $349 24.9 ................................. 2.2 .2 .2 – .7 .9 3.9 5.8 4.7 2.7 3.6 187 140

$350 to $399 17.8 ................................. 1.3 – – – .4 .7 1.7 4.2 3.4 1.7 4.5 209 429

$400 to $449 14.5 ................................. 1.0 .4 – .2 .2 .2 1.1 3.2 3.4 .9 3.8 212 934

$450 to $499 13.9 ................................. .6 – – .2 .4 .2 .8 2.0 2.9 2.3 4.5 247 482

$500 to $599 23.4 ................................. .6 .2 .3 1.5 .8 2.1 2.9 3.7 2.5 2.1 6.7 194 256

$600 to $699 20.8 ................................. 1.3 – – .2 .5 1.7 3.5 3.2 1.5 .4 8.5 199 524

$700 to $799 16.3 ................................. .6 – – .2 1.2 .9 2.2 3.2 2.3 1.7 3.9 196 709

$800 to $999 33.1 ................................. .3 .2 – .3 1.1 2.4 10.2 5.1 3.6 2.7 7.1 169 181

$1,000 to $1,249 43.1 ............................. .7 – – – .4 1.8 9.9 12.0 8.4 3.2 6.6 186 092

$1,250 to $1,499 47.3 ............................. .6 – .2 – – .5 7.5 13.7 11.0 5.3 8.4 204 876

$1,500 or more 178.8 ............................... 1.6 .2 – – .7 .9 3.1 20.7 29.7 26.6 95.3 300K+

No cash rent ... ................................. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Median (excludes no cash rent) 1 086 ............... 341 ... ... ... 469 618 827 876 1 188 1 465 1500+ ...

AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998 85

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 3~22. Value by Selected CharacteristicsmOwner Occupied UnitsmCon.

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Total

Less

than

$30,000

$30,000

to

$39,999

$40,000

to

$49,999

$50,000

to

$59,999

$60,000

to

$79,999

$80,000

to

$99,999

$100,000

to

$149,999

$150,000

to

$199,999

$200,000

to

$249,999

$250,000

to

$299,999

$300,000

or

more Median

Median Monthly Housing Costs for

Owners

Monthly costs including all mortgages plus

maintenance costs 1 144 .......................... 354 ... ... ... 481 644 856 928 1 244 1500+ 1500+ ... Monthly costs excluding second and

subsequent mortgages and maintenance

costs 1 075 ...................................... 341 ... ... ... 469 595 822 859 1 185 1 455 1500+ ...

Monthly Housing Costs as Percent of

Current Income2

Less than 5 percent 31.6 ........................... 3.5 .3 – .3 .2 .9 4.5 5.6 4.2 2.5 9.5 205 527

5 to 9 percent 75.2 ................................ 2.3 .7 .2 – 1.6 2.2 7.8 16.1 16.4 7.8 20.0 220 232

10 to 14 percent 65.5 .............................. 2.7 – – 1.1 1.1 2.6 6.9 10.8 11.8 5.6 22.7 231 341

15 to 19 percent 74.6 .............................. 2.7 .2 – .8 1.1 2.5 9.5 14.0 11.5 7.7 24.5 227 980

20 to 24 percent 60.6 .............................. .9 .4 .2 .5 .4 1.1 8.0 11.4 10.0 7.9 19.7 236 463

25 to 29 percent 51.0 .............................. 1.0 .2 – – 1.8 1.3 6.1 8.3 8.3 7.6 16.5 241 476

30 to 34 percent 32.6 .............................. .5 .2 – .4 .8 .8 5.4 6.0 5.6 3.4 9.4 218 983

35 to 39 percent 23.8 .............................. .2 – – .4 .5 .6 2.4 5.2 3.9 2.6 8.0 233 099

40 to 49 percent 28.6 .............................. .6 – – .3 .6 1.0 3.2 7.3 3.5 2.3 9.8 218 649

50 to 59 percent 15.8 .............................. .9 – – – .4 .7 1.8 2.8 2.5 1.5 5.2 226 295

60 to 69 percent 7.6 .............................. .7 .2 – – .2 .2 .9 1.1 1.5 1.3 1.5 216 965

70 to 99 percent 10.0 .............................. .3 – .3 .2 .3 .4 .2 2.3 1.5 1.3 3.0 227 176

100 percent or more3.......................... 22.4 .6 – .2 .2 .4 1.4 1.3 6.1 2.8 1.7 7.7 216 857

Zero or negative income 9.4 ....................... 1.1 – – .2 .2 .2 .7 2.1 2.1 1.3 1.4 203 786

No cash rent ... ................................. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Median (excludes 2 previous lines) 20 ........... 15 ... ... ... 26 19 20 21 19 22 21 ...

Median (excludes 3 lines before medians) 19 ..... 14 ... ... ... 25 18 20 20 18 21 20 ...

Monthly Payment for Principal and

Interest

One or more regular mortgages 344.3 ................ 9.5 1.1 .2 2.4 4.3 8.8 38.9 62.7 58.2 40.1 118.1 238 008

Less than $100 14.0 ............................. 5.2 – – .7 .5 .6 1.1 2.2 1.7 .6 1.5 103 557

$100 to $199 9.7 ............................... – .4 – – .2 .7 1.7 2.8 1.1 .2 2.5 181 908

$200 to $249 5.2 ............................... – .2 – – .2 – .9 1.9 .6 .2 1.0 ...

$250 to $299 6.4 ............................... .6 – – .2 .7 .4 1.1 .4 1.5 .4 1.1 170 726

$300 to $349 5.6 ............................... .3 – – .9 – .2 1.6 .7 .4 .2 1.3 142 550

$350 to $399 5.3 ............................... – – – – .2 .6 .9 1.3 – 1.1 1.3 ...

$400 to $449 6.6 ............................... .3 – – .3 .6 .4 .9 1.3 1.5 .2 1.1 179 750

$450 to $499 5.7 ............................... .5 – – – .3 .9 .9 1.3 .8 .6 .4 162 045

$500 to $599 15.5 ............................... – – – .2 .2 1.3 4.5 3.9 2.4 1.2 1.7 168 462

$600 to $699 15.4 ............................... – – – – .2 2.1 4.8 3.4 1.1 1.7 2.1 159 153

$700 to $799 18.4 ............................... – .2 – – .2 .7 5.9 2.8 2.8 1.9 3.9 189 684 $800 to $999 40.7 ............................... .6 – – – .2 .2 8.0 12.8 10.2 3.0 5.6 193 966 $1,000 to $1,249 56.1 ........................... .9 – – – .5 – 5.0 16.9 17.0 5.2 10.7 214 166 $1,250 to $1,499 52.2 ........................... .4 – .2 – – – 1.7 8.4 11.1 13.7 16.7 265 684 $1500 or more 87.4 ............................. .7 .2 – – .2 .7 – 2.6 6.1 9.8 67.1 300K+ Median 1 105 .................................... 100~ ... ... ... ... 543 720 945 1 075 1 313 1500+ ...

Average Monthly Cost Paid for Real

Estate Taxes

Less than $25 36.6 ................................ 13.4 .5 .5 1.4 2.2 3.2 3.8 5.4 1.9 1.5 2.7 81 375

$25 to $49 24.5 ................................... .7 .8 .2 1.2 2.3 2.1 7.0 5.1 3.7 .2 1.1 134 568

$50 to $74 58.2 ................................... 1.2 .2 .2 .6 1.8 3.1 9.2 18.8 10.8 5.1 7.2 184 014

$75 to $99 51.5 ................................... .2 – – .8 1.8 2.7 8.6 11.2 9.0 6.3 10.8 202 169

$100 to $149 99.7 ................................. .4 – – .5 .6 3.1 23.0 26.9 18.0 8.5 18.6 191 101

$150 to $199 74.8 ................................. .9 .2 – – .2 .9 3.6 22.4 22.1 9.0 15.6 220 947

$200 or more 163.3 ................................. 1.1 .4 – – .9 .9 3.5 9.4 20.1 24.0 102.9 300K+

Median 142 ...................................... 25~ ... ... ... 56 72 102 117 148 182 200+ ...

Purchase Price

Home purchased or built 469.7 ....................... 13.4 1.8 .7 3.5 8.2 12.7 52.2 92.7 80.5 51.7 152.2 230 773

Less than $10,000 10.8 .......................... 1.9 – .2 .2 .2 .2 2.0 3.7 1.3 .2 .9 158 855

$10,000 to $19,999 29.8 ......................... 1.4 .2 – .6 1.2 1.1 4.8 10.1 7.0 1.7 1.7 177 641

$20,000 to $29,999 29.0 ......................... 1.5 .4 – 1.0 .4 1.2 3.2 7.4 6.4 2.5 4.9 195 481

$30,000 to $39,999 22.1 ......................... 1.8 .4 .2 – .4 .2 2.3 2.8 3.3 3.4 7.3 243 493

$40,000 to $49,999 12.8 ......................... – – – .5 .6 .2 2.0 2.4 1.3 1.3 4.6 229 871 $50,000 to $59,999 10.9 ......................... .3 .3 – – .2 .7 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.9 3.2 236 319 $60,000 to $69,999 10.7 ......................... .2 – – .3 1.2 1.1 .4 2.4 1.3 .4 3.4 194 732 $70,000 to $79,999 14.0 ......................... .2 – – .2 1.2 1.9 2.4 3.4 .8 1.3 2.6 166 449 $80,000 to $99,999 29.4 ......................... .2 – – – .4 3.7 8.6 5.4 3.9 1.3 6.0 167 025 $100,000 to $119,999 24.8 ....................... .4 – – .2 .2 1.3 9.4 4.1 4.3 1.7 3.0 158 570 $120,000 to $149,999 43.1 ....................... .4 – – – – – 10.5 17.2 6.9 3.2 4.8 180 695 $150,000 to $199,999 69.5 ....................... .9 .2 – – .5 – 2.1 26.6 20.2 7.9 11.0 210 999 $200,000 to $249,999 47.7 ....................... .4 – .2 – .2 – .4 1.1 16.2 14.6 14.5 268 083 $250,000 to $299,999 27.7 ....................... – – – – – – – – .8 6.9 20.0 300K+ $300,000 or more 58.1 ........................... .2 – – – .2 .5 .2 .4 .2 1.3 54.9 300K+ Not reported 29.3 ............................... 3.5 .2 – .4 1.1 .6 2.3 4.3 5.4 2.1 9.3 219 871 Median 137 998 .................................... 30 783 ... ... ... 63 511 77 094 94 872 121 961 149 796 187 386 258 695 ... Received as inheritance or gift 9.0 .................. 1.4 – – .2 .5 .2 2.6 1.1 1.5 .4 1.1 141 055 Not reported 29.9 ................................. 3.2 .4 .3 .8 1.1 3.0 3.8 5.5 3.6 2.6 5.6 171 074

1For mobile homes, oldest category is 1939 or earlier.

2Beginning with 1989 this item uses current income in its calculation, see Appendix A.

3May reflect a temporary situation, living off savings or response error.

86 AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 3~23. Units in Structure by Selected CharacteristicsmOwner Occupied Units

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Multiunit

Total 1, detached 1, attached Total 2 to 4 5 to 9 10 to 19 20 to 49 50 or more

Mobile

homes

Total 508.6 ................................ 424.4 41.1 29.6 15.5 6.0 3.0 2.0 3.0 13.5

Race and Origin

White 365.4 ....................................... 304.7 28.8 21.6 10.5 5.4 2.2 1.1 2.4 10.3

Non~Hispanic 343.3 ............................... 285.8 27.3 20.5 9.8 4.9 2.2 1.1 2.4 9.7

Hispanic 22.1 ................................... 18.8 1.5 1.1 .7 .4 – – – .6

Black 37.6 ........................................ 31.6 2.8 2.2 1.7 – – – .4 1.0

American Indian, Eskimo, and Aleut 3.4 ............. 2.7 .4 – – – – – – .3

Asian and Pacific Islander 63.5 ...................... 52.4 6.3 4.2 2.4 .4 .4 .7 .2 .7

Other 38.7 ....................................... 33.0 2.8 1.7 .9 .2 .4 .2 – 1.2

Total Hispanic 47.3 ................................ 40.6 3.0 1.8 1.1 .4 .2 – – 1.9

Cooperatives and Condominiums

Cooperatives 8.0 ................................. 1.5 2.6 3.9 1.0 1.3 1.4 – .2 – Condominiums 42.3 ............................... 3.9 23.0 15.4 5.5 4.3 1.7 1.8 2.2 –

Year Structure Built1

2000 to 2004 – ................................. –– –––––– –

1995 to 1999 25.0 ................................. 21.5 2.9 .2 .2 – – – – .3

1990 to 1994 32.7 ................................. 25.2 4.7 1.6 .7 .2 .2 .2 .2 1.2

1985 to 1989 46.3 ................................. 31.1 8.8 5.2 2.2 1.3 .8 .4 .4 1.2

1980 to 1984 27.6 ................................. 19.4 5.4 2.8 1.1 .8 – .4 .4 –

1975 to 1979 43.6 ................................. 33.1 5.6 1.8 1.3 – – .2 .3 3.2

1970 to 1974 41.5 ................................. 29.8 4.8 4.1 2.2 .8 – – 1.1 2.8

1960 to 1969 94.9 ................................. 77.6 7.1 5.4 1.9 1.7 .6 .7 .4 4.7

1950 to 1959 84.2 ................................. 82.4 .4 1.3 .7 .2 .4 – – –

1940 to 1949 44.7 ................................. 42.8 .4 1.5 1.1 .2 .2 – – –

1930 to 1939 24.1 ................................. 22.6 .4 1.0 .4 – .4 – .2 –

1920 to 1929 25.1 ................................. 22.8 .2 2.0 1.5 .4 – – – –

1919 or earlier 19.0 ................................ 16.1 .2 2.7 2.2 .2 .3 – – –

Median 1966 ...................................... 1963 1981 1971 1970 1971 ... ... ... 1974

Rooms

1 room .4 ...................................... .2 .2 – – – – – – –

2 rooms 2.5 ..................................... 1.3 – .9 .4 .2 – .2 – .3

3 rooms 9.5 ..................................... 3.3 1.5 2.5 .4 .2 .3 .7 .9 2.2

4 rooms 47.2 ..................................... 20.6 11.5 10.9 4.4 3.0 1.9 .5 1.1 4.1

5 rooms 112.0 ..................................... 84.8 13.7 8.8 5.4 1.5 .6 .4 .8 4.7

6 rooms 115.9 ..................................... 100.7 8.5 4.5 2.9 1.1 .2 .2 .2 2.2

7 rooms 103.4 ..................................... 98.5 4.1 .9 .9 –––– –

8 rooms 73.8 ..................................... 71.8 1.3 .7 .7 –––– –

9 rooms 29.4 ..................................... 28.8 .2 .4 .4 –––– –

10 rooms or more 14.5 ............................. 14.5 – –––––– –

Median 6.2 ...................................... 6.5 5.0 4.6 5.0 4.4 ... ... ... 4.5

Bedrooms

None .9 ........................................ .4 .2 .2 .2 – – – – –

1 12.7 ........................................... 3.9 1.7 4.2 1.5 .2 .5 .9 1.1 2.8

2 103.1 ........................................... 54.7 20.1 19.5 9.4 5.2 2.4 .9 1.6 8.8

3 233.8 ........................................... 210.4 16.9 4.6 3.3 .6 .2 .2 .2 1.9

4 or more 158.2 .................................... 154.9 2.2 1.1 1.1 –––– –

Median 3.1 ...................................... 3.2 2.4 2.0 2.1 2.0 ... ... ... 1.9

Complete Bathrooms

None 5.4 ........................................ 3.9 .2 .7 .2 .2 – .2 – .6

1 93.1 ........................................... 70.0 6.1 11.7 5.7 2.0 1.5 .9 1.5 5.3

1 and one~half 56.0 ................................ 45.2 6.1 4.1 2.4 1.3 .2 .2 – .6

2 or more 354.1 .................................... 305.4 28.6 13.2 7.2 2.6 1.3 .7 1.5 6.9

Square Footage of Unit

Single detached and mobile homes 437.9 ..... 424.4 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 13.5

Less than 500 2.5 ................................ 1.5 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 1.0

500 to 749 3.8 ................................... 1.9 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 1.8

750 to 999 14.9 ................................... 13.3 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 1.6

1,000 to 1,499 96.9 ................................ 92.2 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 4.6

1,500 to 1,999 110.2 ................................ 109.6 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .7

2,000 to 2,499 75.4 ................................ 75.4 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... –

2,500 to 2,999 34.4 ................................ 34.1 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .3

3,000 to 3,999 25.5 ................................ 25.5 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... –

4,000 or more 14.3 ................................ 14.3 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... –

Not reported 60.0 ................................. 56.6 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 3.5

Median 1 822 ...................................... 1 842 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 1 063

Persons per Room

0.50 or less 373.7 .................................. 304.9 32.9 25.5 12.3 5.6 2.8 2.0 2.8 10.4

0.51 to 1.00 126.2 .................................. 111.9 7.5 3.7 3.0 .2 .2 – .2 3.1

1.01 to 1.50 7.6 .................................. 6.5 .7 .4 .2 .2 – – – –

1.51 or more 1.1 ................................. 1.1 – – – – – – – –

Square Feet per Person

Single detached and mobile homes 437.9 ..... 424.4 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 13.5 Less than 200 5.5 ................................ 4.6 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 1.0 200 to 299 18.1 ................................... 17.8 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .3 300 to 399 34.8 ................................... 33.3 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 1.5 400 to 499 43.2 ................................... 42.3 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .9 500 to 599 40.8 ................................... 40.1 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .7 600 to 699 39.9 ................................... 38.9 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .9 700 to 799 34.1 ................................... 32.9 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 1.2 800 to 899 28.2 ................................... 27.6 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .7

900 to 999 21.1 ................................... 20.7 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .4

1,000 to 1,499 69.9 ................................ 67.7 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 2.2

1,500 or more 42.3 ................................ 42.0 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .3

Not reported 60.0 ................................. 56.6 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 3.5

Median 720 ...................................... 721 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 672

AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998 87

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 3~23. Units in Structure by Selected CharacteristicsmOwner Occupied UnitsmCon.

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Multiunit

Total 1, detached 1, attached Total 2 to 4 5 to 9 10 to 19 20 to 49 50 or more

Mobile

homes

Equipment2

Lacking complete kitchen facilities 4.8 .............. 2.3 – 2.2 1.3 .8 – – – .3 With complete kitchen (sink, refrigerator, and oven

or burners) 503.8 .................................. 422.1 41.1 27.4 14.2 5.2 3.0 2.0 3.0 13.2 Kitchen sink 507.8 .................................. 423.7 41.1 29.6 15.5 6.0 3.0 2.0 3.0 13.5 Refrigerator 507.6 .................................. 423.5 41.1 29.6 15.5 6.0 3.0 2.0 3.0 13.5 Cooking stove or range 504.4 ........................ 420.8 41.1 29.4 15.3 6.0 3.0 2.0 3.0 13.2 Burners, no stove or range – ..................... –– –––––– – Microwave oven only 2.9 .......................... 2.9 – – – – – – – – Dishwasher 404.5 .................................. 336.4 38.2 22.2 10.2 5.1 2.4 1.8 2.8 7.6 Washing machine 465.6 ............................. 403.4 35.2 18.4 12.2 3.6 1.3 .7 .6 8.5 Clothes dryer 455.5 ................................. 394.4 35.4 17.5 11.3 3.6 1.0 .9 .6 8.2 Disposal in kitchen sink 400.5 ........................ 330.7 38.9 22.9 10.9 5.8 2.1 1.6 2.6 7.9 Trash compactor 47.9 ............................. 42.1 3.7 1.9 .9 – .2 .2 .6 .3

Air conditioning:

Central 191.6 .................................... 151.3 25.8 9.9 5.0 2.8 1.5 – .6 4.7

Additional Central 17.2 ........................... 16.0 .7 .2 – .2 – – – .3

1 room unit 43.8 ................................ 34.7 2.3 3.1 1.1 1.3 – .7 – 3.7

2 room units 10.1 ............................... 8.2 1.1 .2 – – – – .2 .6

3 room units or more 7.8 ........................ 7.4 .2 .2 .2 – – – – –

Main Heating Equipment

Warm~air furnace 431.3 ............................. 362.9 37.0 19.4 10.5 3.8 2.6 1.1 1.3 12.0 Steam or hot water system 7.0 ..................... 5.6 .2 .9 – .5 .2 – .2 .3 Electric heat pump 4.5 ............................ 1.9 .2 2.4 .8 .7 .2 .2 .4 – Built~in electric units 12.2 ........................... 7.6 1.7 3.0 1.1 .4 – .7 .8 – Floor, wall, or other built~in hot air units without ducts 43.4 ....................................... 38.7 1.3 3.1 2.2 .7 – – .2 .3 Room heaters with flue 3.0 ........................ 2.4 .2 .4 .4 – – – – – Room heaters without flue .7 ..................... .4 – – – – – – – .3 Portable electric heaters 1.2 ....................... .8 – – – – – – – .3 Stoves 1.3 ...................................... 1.3 – – – – – – – – Fireplaces with inserts .6 ......................... .6 – – – – – – – – Fireplaces without inserts .6 ...................... .2 – .4 .4 – – – – – Other 1.8 ....................................... 1.3 .2 – – – – – – .3 Cooking stove – ................................ –– –––––– – None .8 ........................................ .7 .2 – – – – – – –

Plumbing

With all plumbing facilities 505.8 ...................... 423.2 40.9 29.2 15.1 6.0 3.0 2.0 3.0 12.6

Lacking some or all plumbing facilities2 .......... 2.8 1.3 .2 .4 .4 – – – – .9

No hot piped water .3 .......................... – – – – – – – – .3

No bathtub nor shower – ...................... –– –––––– –

No flush toilet .9 .............................. – – – – – – – – .9

No exclusive use 1.9 ........................... 1.3 .2 .4 .4 – – – – –

Primary Source of Water

Public system or private company 504.5 ............... 420.7 41.1 29.6 15.5 6.0 3.0 2.0 3.0 13.2

Well serving 1 to 5 units 3.8 ....................... 3.5 – – – – – – – .3

Drilled 3.5 ..................................... 3.5 – – – – – – – –

Dug – ....................................... –– –––––– –

Not reported .3 ............................... – – – – – – – – .3

Other .2 ....................................... .2 – – – – – – – –

Units Using Each Fuel2

Electricity 508.2 .................................... 424.0 41.1 29.6 15.5 6.0 3.0 2.0 3.0 13.5 Piped gas 486.8 .................................... 412.2 37.8 26.1 14.0 4.9 2.8 1.8 2.6 10.7 Bottled gas 5.0 ................................... 2.6 .2 – – – – – – 2.1 Fuel oil 27.4 ...................................... 23.5 2.2 1.4 .4 .7 – – .3 .3 Kerosene or other liquid fuel 1.5 .................... 1.5 – – – – – – – – Coal or coke – ................................. –– –––––– – Wood 89.5 ....................................... 83.6 3.1 2.8 2.2 .5 – – .2 – Solar energy 1.9 ................................. 1.5 .2 .2 – .2 – – – – Other 9.4 ....................................... 8.5 .2 .4 – .4 – – – .3

All electric units ... ............................... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Selected Amenities2

Porch, deck, balcony, or patio 466.4 .................. 390.9 38.9 24.6 12.6 5.6 2.1 1.5 2.8 12.0

Telephone available ... ........................... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Usable fireplace 387.5 .............................. 346.6 26.6 13.9 8.1 3.0 1.1 .9 .8 .3

Separate dining room 215.6 ......................... 190.5 13.1 10.2 6.8 1.5 .4 .6 .8 1.8 With 2 or more living rooms or recreation rooms,

etc. 273.7 ........................................ 251.2 11.9 5.9 3.9 1.5 – .2 .2 4.8 Garage or carport included with home 474.8 ........... 397.3 40.6 27.0 14.0 5.6 2.6 2.0 2.8 9.8 Not included 33.1 ................................. 26.4 .4 2.6 1.5 .4 .5 – .2 3.7 Offstreet parking included 28.1 .................... 22.8 .4 1.3 .9 – .2 – .2 3.7 Offstreet parking not reported – ................ –– –––––– – Garage or carport not reported .7 ................. .7 – – – – – – – –

Selected Deficiencies2

Signs of rats in last 3 months 9.2 ................... 8.2 .4 .2 – .2 – – – .3

Signs of mice in last 3 months 32.9 .................. 30.2 1.1 .7 .5 – .2 – – .9

Signs of rodents, not sure which kind in last 3

months 3.0 ..................................... 2.8 .2 – – – – – – –

Holes in floors 1.5 ................................ 1.3 .2 – – – – – – – Open cracks or holes (interior) 38.9 .................. 34.0 1.5 2.1 1.7 – – – .4 1.2 Broken plaster or peeling paint (interior) 12.6 ......... 10.6 .9 .9 .9 – – – – .3 No electrical wiring – ............................ –– –––––– – Exposed wiring .8 ............................... .8 – – – – – – – – Rooms without electric outlets 5.5 .................. 3.8 .6 .2 – .2 – – – .9

88 AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 3~23. Units in Structure by Selected CharacteristicsmOwner Occupied UnitsmCon.

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Multiunit

Total 1, detached 1, attached Total 2 to 4 5 to 9 10 to 19 20 to 49 50 or more

Mobile

homes

Selected Physical Problems

Severe physical problems2 ..................... 4.8 3.0 .4 .4 .4 – – – – .9

Plumbing 2.8 .................................. 1.3 .2 .4 .4 – – – – .9

Heating 1.3 .................................... 1.1 .2 – – – – – – –

Electric .6 .................................... .6 – – – – – – – –

Upkeep – .................................... –– –––––– –

Hallways – ................................... –– –––––– –

Moderate physical problems2................... 11.6 8.8 – 2.2 1.3 .8 – – – .6

Plumbing .4 .................................. .4 – – – – – – – –

Heating .7 .................................... .4 – – – – – – – .3

Upkeep 6.2 .................................... 5.7 – .2 .2 – – – – .3

Hallways – ................................... –– –––––– –

Kitchen 4.2 .................................... 2.3 – 2.0 1.1 .8 – – – –

Persons

1 person 109.4 ..................................... 70.0 17.0 15.5 6.5 3.5 1.8 1.1 2.6 7.0 2 persons 171.6 .................................... 145.8 12.9 8.9 4.7 2.1 1.0 .9 .2 4.1 3 persons 85.5 .................................... 74.7 6.2 3.0 2.6 – .2 – .2 1.6 4 persons 82.8 .................................... 77.2 3.2 1.5 1.3 .2 – – – .9 5 persons 38.4 .................................... 36.6 1.1 .7 .4 .2 – – – – 6 persons 12.1 .................................... 11.6 .5 –––––– – 7 persons or more 8.8 ............................ 8.6 .2 – – – – – – – Median 2.3 ...................................... 2.5 1.8 1.5~ 1.8 1.5~ ... ... ... 1.5~

Persons 65 Years Old and Over

None 373.1 ........................................ 315.2 29.9 20.3 10.8 4.1 2.0 1.1 2.3 7.7

1 person 87.9 ..................................... 68.0 8.4 6.7 3.7 1.5 .7 .2 .7 4.8

2 persons or more 47.6 ............................ 41.3 2.7 2.6 1.1 .4 .4 .7 – 1.0

Age of Householder

Under 25 years 17.6 ............................... 14.0 1.2 1.8 .9 .2 .2 .4 – .6

25 to 29 14.1 ..................................... 11.0 1.7 1.1 .6 .2 – .2 – .3

30 to 34 35.6 ..................................... 29.2 3.9 2.1 .5 .9 .2 – .6 .3

35 to 44 129.4 ..................................... 113.1 8.7 5.4 2.4 1.1 1.3 – .6 2.1

45 to 54 119.0 ..................................... 100.4 9.2 6.6 4.6 1.1 .2 .2 .4 2.8

55 to 64 78.4 ..................................... 66.1 6.0 4.1 2.4 .7 .2 .2 .6 2.2

65 to 74 59.6 ..................................... 48.7 5.6 3.1 1.5 .9 .2 .2 .2 2.2

75 years and over 55.0 ............................ 41.9 4.7 5.4 2.6 1.1 .6 .7 .5 2.9

Median 50 ...................................... 49 50 52 52 51 ... ... ... 58

Household Composition by Age of

Householder

2~or~more person households 399.2 .................. 354.5 24.1 14.1 9.0 2.5 1.2 .9 .4 6.5

Married~couple families, no nonrelatives 312.3 ....... 282.3 17.2 9.1 5.9 1.3 .6 .9 .4 3.7

Under 25 years 4.7 ........................... 4.2 .2 – – – – – – .3

25 to 29 years 8.5 ............................ 7.3 .6 .6 .4 .2 – – – –

30 to 34 years 27.2 ............................ 23.0 2.8 1.1 .5 .2 – – .4 .3

35 to 44 years 89.1 ............................ 84.7 3.1 1.1 .9 – .2 – – .3

45 to 64 years 129.1 ............................ 116.0 7.3 3.7 3.0 .4 – .2 – 2.1

65 years and over 53.7 ........................ 47.2 3.2 2.6 1.1 .4 .4 .7 – .7

Other male householder 39.0 ..................... 32.1 3.1 2.6 1.3 .8 .4 – – 1.3

Under 45 years 19.0 ........................... 14.9 1.9 1.5 .5 .8 .2 – – .6

45 to 64 years 14.9 ............................ 12.0 1.1 1.1 .9 – .2 – – .7

65 years and over 5.1 ........................ 5.1 – – – – – – – –

Other female householder 47.9 ................... 40.1 3.9 2.4 1.8 .4 .2 – – 1.5

Under 45 years 19.4 ........................... 15.2 2.0 1.3 .9 .2 .2 – – .9

45 to 64 years 17.9 ............................ 15.1 1.7 1.1 .9 .2 – – – –

65 years and over 10.6 ........................ 9.8 .2 – – – – – – .6

1~person households 109.4 .......................... 70.0 17.0 15.5 6.5 3.5 1.8 1.1 2.6 7.0

Male householder 48.9 ........................... 34.2 5.4 7.1 2.7 1.8 .5 .7 1.5 2.2

Under 45 years 18.6 ........................... 12.3 2.8 2.8 .6 .6 .5 .4 .6 .6

45 to 64 years 15.0 ............................ 10.5 1.5 2.4 1.3 .7 – – .4 .6

65 years and over 15.3 ........................ 11.5 1.0 1.8 .7 .4 – .2 .4 1.0

Female householder 60.5 ........................ 35.7 11.6 8.4 3.8 1.7 1.3 .5 1.1 4.7

Under 45 years 10.2 ........................... 5.8 2.2 1.9 .6 .2 .6 .2 .2 .3

45 to 64 years 20.4 ............................ 12.9 3.6 2.4 .9 .4 .2 .2 .6 1.5

65 years and over 29.8 ........................ 17.0 5.8 4.1 2.3 1.1 .4 – .3 2.9

Household Income

Less than $5,000 20.2 ............................. 16.5 1.3 2.4 1.7 – – .5 .3 – $5,000 to $9,999 14.0 ............................. 12.0 .4 .9 .7 – .2 – – .6 $10,000 to $14,999 14.4 ........................... 11.0 1.3 1.1 .9 – .2 – – 1.0 $15,000 to $19,999 16.4 ........................... 11.5 1.3 1.1 .4 .4 .2 – – 2.6 $20,000 to $24,999 13.0 ........................... 9.9 .6 .9 .2 – .3 .2 .2 1.5 $25,000 to $29,999 21.9 ........................... 15.9 2.4 2.0 .9 .4 .2 .2 .2 1.6 $30,000 to $34,999 18.6 ........................... 14.4 1.9 1.4 .5 .2 .5 – .2 .9 $35,000 to $39,999 19.8 ........................... 15.1 3.1 .4 .2 .2 – – – 1.3 $40,000 to $49,999 42.4 ........................... 32.8 4.1 4.3 2.4 1.1 .4 .2 .2 1.2 $50,000 to $59,999 41.9 ........................... 32.1 4.6 3.9 1.3 .9 .6 – 1.1 1.3 $60,000 to $79,999 71.8 ........................... 60.3 6.6 4.3 2.6 .8 .2 .5 .2 .6 $80,000 to $99,999 66.3 ........................... 58.3 4.2 3.2 1.3 1.1 .2 .2 .4 .6 $100,000 to $119,999 45.2 ......................... 40.6 3.2 1.3 1.1 .2 – – – – $120,000 or more 102.9 ............................. 94.0 6.2 2.4 1.3 .6 – .2 .2 .3 Median 68 868 ...................................... 73 612 59 141 50 838 49 423 57 358 ... ... ... 28 287

As percent of poverty level:

Less than 50 percent 21.5 .......................... 17.8 1.3 2.4 1.7 – – .5 .3 –

50 to 99 12.3 ..................................... 10.6 .2 .9 .7 – .2 – – .6

100 to 149 16.7 ................................... 14.4 1.0 .9 .7 – .2 – – .3

150 to 199 21.5 ................................... 16.8 1.5 1.5 .7 .4 .2 .2 – 1.6

200 percent or more 436.6 .......................... 364.8 37.0 23.9 11.8 5.6 2.4 1.3 2.8 10.9

AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998 89

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 3~23. Units in Structure by Selected CharacteristicsmOwner Occupied UnitsmCon.

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Multiunit

Total 1, detached 1, attached Total 2 to 4 5 to 9 10 to 19 20 to 49 50 or more

Mobile

homes

Income of Families and Primary

Individuals

Less than $5,000 21.9 ............................. 18.0 1.3 2.6 1.9 – – .5 .3 –

$5,000 to $9,999 15.4 ............................. 13.1 .4 .9 .7 – .2 – – 1.0

$10,000 to $14,999 14.8 ........................... 11.4 1.3 1.1 .9 – .2 – – 1.0

$15,000 to $19,999 16.6 ........................... 11.7 1.3 1.1 .4 .4 .2 – – 2.6

$20,000 to $24,999 13.9 ........................... 10.8 .6 .9 .2 – .3 .2 .2 1.5

$25,000 to $29,999 22.2 ........................... 16.2 2.4 1.8 .7 .4 .2 .2 .2 1.9

$30,000 to $34,999 19.0 ........................... 14.9 2.1 1.4 .5 .2 .5 – .2 .6

$35,000 to $39,999 20.1 ........................... 15.1 3.1 .4 .2 .2 – – – 1.6

$40,000 to $49,999 45.4 ........................... 35.1 4.3 4.7 2.6 1.1 .6 .2 .2 1.2

$50,000 to $59,999 42.2 ........................... 32.6 4.4 3.9 1.3 .9 .6 – 1.1 1.3

$60,000 to $79,999 71.6 ........................... 60.1 6.6 4.5 3.0 .8 – .5 .2 .3

$80,000 to $99,999 62.3 ........................... 54.8 4.0 3.2 1.1 1.3 .2 .2 .4 .3

$100,000 to $119,999 42.6 ......................... 38.3 3.6 .7 .7 –––– –

$120,000 or more 100.7 ............................. 92.2 5.7 2.4 1.3 .6 – .2 .2 .3

Median 66 381 ...................................... 71 065 58 604 49 786 48 646 57 358 ... ... ... 26 949

Monthly Housing Costs

Less than $100 3.4 ............................... 1.5 .4 .9 .4 – .2 .2 – .6

$100 to $199 19.6 ................................. 16.8 .2 1.3 .9 – – .2 .3 1.3

$200 to $249 25.1 ................................. 22.6 1.1 1.1 .7 .2 – .2 – .3

$250 to $299 26.6 ................................. 24.1 1.1 1.1 .9 – – .2 – .3

$300 to $349 24.9 ................................. 18.7 1.7 2.9 1.3 .4 .5 .2 .4 1.5

$350 to $399 17.8 ................................. 15.3 .6 1.3 .7 .2 .2 – .2 .6

$400 to $449 14.5 ................................. 12.2 1.3 .4 .4 – – – – .6

$450 to $499 13.9 ................................. 11.3 1.5 .4 .3 – – – .2 .7

$500 to $599 23.4 ................................. 17.0 2.3 1.9 1.0 .6 – .2 – 2.3

$600 to $699 20.8 ................................. 15.7 1.7 1.6 .7 – .5 .2 .2 1.9

$700 to $799 16.3 ................................. 12.7 1.3 1.1 .4 .4 – – .2 1.2

$800 to $999 33.1 ................................. 24.0 4.3 3.5 1.6 1.1 .2 .4 .2 1.3

$1,000 to $1,249 43.1 ............................. 32.7 5.1 5.1 2.3 1.0 1.3 – .4 .3

$1,250 to $1,499 47.3 ............................. 40.3 4.5 2.1 1.1 .7 .2 – .2 .3

$1,500 or more 178.8 ............................... 159.7 13.9 4.8 2.9 1.3 – – .6 .3

No cash rent ... ................................. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Median (excludes no cash rent) 1 086 ............... 1 157 1 148 843 816 1 003 ... ... ... 537

Monthly Housing Costs as Percent of

Current Income3

Less than 5 percent 31.6 ........................... 26.3 1.9 2.2 1.3 .2 – .7 – 1.2

5 to 9 percent 75.2 ................................ 66.6 3.7 3.7 1.5 .9 .4 .2 .7 1.3

10 to 14 percent 65.5 .............................. 54.9 4.8 4.2 1.5 1.1 .7 .5 .4 1.6

15 to 19 percent 74.6 .............................. 63.3 6.1 3.3 2.2 .7 .2 – .2 1.8

20 to 24 percent 60.6 .............................. 50.7 6.3 2.9 1.5 1.1 .2 – .2 .6

25 to 29 percent 51.0 .............................. 41.1 5.6 3.0 1.5 .7 .2 – .7 1.2

30 to 34 percent 32.6 .............................. 26.7 2.6 1.7 .9 .2 .4 – .2 1.6

35 to 39 percent 23.8 .............................. 18.8 2.3 2.0 1.2 .4 – – .4 .7

40 to 49 percent 28.6 .............................. 22.6 3.3 1.1 .9 – .2 – – 1.6

50 to 59 percent 15.8 .............................. 12.9 .9 1.1 .2 .2 .4 .2 – .9

60 to 69 percent 7.6 .............................. 6.7 .2 .7 .2 .2 – .2 – –

70 to 99 percent 10.0 .............................. 6.7 1.5 .9 .4 .2 .2 – – 1.0

100 percent or more4.......................... 22.4 19.3 1.3 1.8 1.1 .2 – .2 .3 –

Zero or negative income 9.4 ....................... 7.7 .6 1.1 1.1 – – – – –

No cash rent ... ................................. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Median (excludes 2 previous lines) 20 ........... 20 23 22 22 21 ... ... ... 26

Median (excludes 3 lines before medians) 19 ..... 19 22 20 20 20 ... ... ... 26

1For mobile homes, oldest category is 1939 or earlier.

2Figures may not add to total because more than one category may apply to a unit.

3Beginning with 1989 this item uses current income in its calculation, see Appendix A.

4May reflect a temporary situation, living off savings or response error.

90 AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 4~1. Introductory CharacteristicsmRenter Occupied Units

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Selected subareas1

Physical problems

Total

occupied

units

New

con~

struction

4 years

Mobile

homes Severe Moderate Black Hispanic

Elderly

(65 years

and over)

Moved in

past year

Below

poverty

level Area one Area two Area three

Total 347.1 ................................ 2.9 2.8 14.8 26.2 73.5 59.0 36.6 101.3 67.2 89.5 150.8 106.8

Tenure

Owner occupied ... .............................. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Percent of all occupied ... ...................... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Renter occupied 347.1 .............................. 2.9 2.8 14.8 26.2 73.5 59.0 36.6 101.3 67.2 89.5 150.8 106.8

Race and Origin

White 188.4 ....................................... 2.2 1.9 7.0 11.7 ... 24.0 21.8 54.4 26.1 33.6 88.7 66.1

Non~Hispanic 164.4 ............................... 2.2 1.6 5.6 10.7 ... ... 20.8 46.5 19.9 25.9 78.5 60.0

Hispanic 24.0 ................................... – .3 1.3 1.1 ... 24.0 1.0 7.8 6.1 7.7 10.1 6.2

Black 73.5 ........................................ – – 3.6 8.1 73.5 .7 7.2 18.9 19.4 37.8 20.0 15.7

American Indian, Eskimo, and Aleut 3.3 ............. – – – .2 ... .4 – 1.3 .9 .7 1.1 1.5

Asian and Pacific Islander 38.7 ...................... .2 .3 2.0 2.2 – 1.2 5.4 13.2 9.9 8.8 21.4 8.6

Other 43.1 ....................................... .4 .6 2.2 3.9 – 32.7 2.2 13.5 11.0 8.6 19.6 14.9

Total Hispanic 59.0 ................................ .2 1.2 2.8 4.3 .7 59.0 2.4 19.1 14.2 14.2 25.8 19.1

Units in Structure

1, detached 112.3 .................................. 1.8 ... 4.3 7.3 16.6 20.9 8.7 28.7 21.7 23.6 46.2 42.6

1, attached 45.1 ................................... .5 ... .6 .8 8.7 6.0 5.9 14.6 8.4 2.4 22.6 20.2

2 to 4 65.4 ....................................... .2 ... 2.9 7.8 17.0 12.2 5.9 18.5 12.4 25.7 25.5 14.3

5 to 9 41.5 ....................................... – ... 1.6 3.5 11.0 6.6 3.8 11.5 8.3 12.7 19.5 9.2

10 to 19 28.6 ..................................... – ... 1.7 2.2 6.6 4.0 2.5 10.2 6.4 7.5 14.2 7.0

20 to 49 26.7 ..................................... .2 ... 1.8 2.6 7.5 5.4 2.7 8.0 4.2 10.5 11.5 4.6

50 or more 24.7 ................................... .2 ... 1.9 1.5 6.2 2.6 6.5 8.5 5.5 7.2 10.7 6.8

Mobile home or trailer 2.8 ......................... – 2.8 – .3 – 1.2 .6 1.2 .3 – .6 2.2

Cooperatives and Condominiums

Cooperatives 2.1 ................................. – – – – .2 .2 .2 .9 .6 .2 1.5 .4

Condominiums 22.9 ............................... .2 – .5 .6 3.5 3.4 3.2 7.2 3.3 4.1 12.2 6.6

Year Structure Built2

2000 to 2004 – ................................. – – – –– – – – – – – –

1995 to 1999 2.7 ................................. 2.7 – – .2 – .2 .4 1.3 .6 .7 .7 1.3

1990 to 1994 10.4 ................................. ... – .5 .2 1.1 1.0 .6 3.9 2.4 .4 4.0 6.0

1985 to 1989 24.1 ................................. ... .6 .2 1.1 4.5 3.4 2.6 9.3 3.2 2.0 11.5 10.5

1980 to 1984 14.3 ................................. ... – .9 1.4 3.5 1.9 1.8 4.5 2.3 1.6 7.6 5.2

1975 to 1979 28.0 ................................. ... 1.6 .2 1.0 4.6 4.6 3.2 7.5 4.7 3.4 11.4 13.1

1970 to 1974 38.3 ................................. ... – 1.1 2.4 6.4 5.9 4.7 10.7 5.3 5.5 19.8 12.9

1960 to 1969 65.7 ................................. ... – 2.0 3.4 14.1 13.4 6.9 16.5 11.2 14.7 30.8 20.3

1950 to 1959 58.0 ................................. ... – 2.4 4.1 15.2 11.0 5.6 16.6 12.4 16.3 25.9 15.8

1940 to 1949 36.7 ................................. ... .6 1.9 2.7 9.8 4.9 5.1 9.8 7.8 10.6 14.4 11.7

1930 to 1939 29.2 ................................. ... – 2.0 4.5 6.3 7.9 2.7 7.3 8.0 14.8 8.4 6.1

1920 to 1929 18.3 ................................. ... – 1.1 2.2 4.5 2.0 1.3 7.0 4.4 9.7 5.9 2.7

1919 or earlier 21.3 ................................ ... – 2.5 3.0 3.5 2.9 1.6 7.0 4.9 9.8 10.4 1.2

Median 1962 ...................................... ... ... 1949 1952 1958 1961 1963 1962 1957 1950 1963 1968

1See back cover for details.

2For mobile homes, oldest category is 1939 or earlier.

AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998 91

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 4~2. Height and Condition of BuildingmRenter Occupied Units

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Selected subareas1

Physical problems

Total

occupied

units

New

con~

struction

4 years

Mobile

homes Severe Moderate Black Hispanic

Elderly

(65 years

and over)

Moved in

past year

Below

poverty

level Area one Area two Area three

Total 347.1 ................................ 2.9 2.8 14.8 26.2 73.5 59.0 36.6 101.3 67.2 89.5 150.8 106.8

Stories in Structure2

1 141.9 ........................................... 1.3 ... 3.9 8.3 24.8 26.9 15.0 37.5 26.1 21.7 63.3 56.9

2 135.3 ........................................... 1.1 ... 6.4 12.1 31.6 22.9 11.4 42.0 29.6 37.6 60.6 37.2

3 48.6 ........................................... .5 ... 2.3 3.1 9.7 6.5 4.7 15.5 7.8 18.4 22.3 7.9

4 to 6 13.5 ....................................... – ... .9 2.0 5.2 1.5 2.9 3.8 1.3 7.8 3.5 2.2

7 or more 5.0 .................................... – ... 1.2 .4 2.4 – 2.0 1.2 2.2 4.1 .4 .5

Stories Between Main and Apartment

Entrances

Multiunits, 2 or more floors 163.4 ............. .4 ... 9.6 15.1 43.0 26.1 18.3 51.0 32.8 58.3 70.8 34.3

None (on same floor) 52.2 .......................... – ... 2.5 4.1 13.3 11.1 6.7 18.3 10.8 17.2 23.6 11.4

1 (up or down) 57.0 ................................ .2 ... 3.1 6.3 15.1 8.9 3.8 16.8 12.2 18.6 27.6 10.9

2 or more (up or down) 54.2 ........................ .2 ... 4.1 4.7 14.6 6.1 7.7 15.8 9.8 22.5 19.6 12.1

Common Stairways

Multiunits, 2 or more floors 163.4 ............. .4 ... 9.6 15.1 43.0 26.1 18.3 51.0 32.8 58.3 70.8 34.3

No common stairways 12.7 ......................... – ... .7 .7 3.4 3.3 1.2 4.5 2.5 4.7 5.6 2.4

With common stairways 140.8 ....................... .4 ... 8.7 13.5 34.7 21.9 16.4 43.5 28.4 48.3 62.4 30.1

No loose steps 119.3 ............................. .2 ... 6.4 10.9 28.4 18.9 14.2 36.5 24.3 39.0 53.6 26.7

Railings not loose 102.1 ......................... .2 ... 6.1 9.0 24.5 15.1 11.8 31.6 20.3 34.2 45.8 22.0

Railings loose 11.2 ............................ – ... .3 1.3 2.9 2.6 1.5 3.9 2.5 3.1 4.5 3.6

No railings 4.3 ............................... – ... – .6 .5 1.2 .4 .5 1.1 1.6 2.2 .5

Status of railings not reported 1.8 .............. – ... – – .4 – .4 .5 .4 – 1.1 .7

Loose steps 21.4 ................................ .2 ... 2.3 2.5 6.4 3.0 2.2 7.0 4.1 9.3 8.7 3.3

Railings not loose 15.9 ......................... .2 ... 1.2 .6 5.3 1.5 2.2 5.7 3.0 7.1 6.7 2.1

Railings loose 4.6 ............................ – ... .9 1.9 1.1 .8 – .9 .9 2.3 1.6 .8

No railings .6 ............................... – ... – – – .4 – .4 .2 – .5 .2

Status of railings not reported .2 .............. – ... .2 – – .2 – – – – – .2

Status of stairways not reported 10.0 ................ – ... .2 .9 4.9 .9 .7 3.0 1.9 5.3 2.9 1.8

Light Fixtures in Public Halls

2 or more units in structure 186.8 ............. .7 ... 9.8 17.7 48.2 30.8 21.3 56.7 36.8 63.6 81.4 41.9 No public halls 25.0 ................................ – ... 1.4 2.0 3.9 7.0 1.1 7.6 4.3 8.8 10.2 6.1 No light fixtures in public halls 4.1 .................. – ... .4 .6 1.5 .6 .4 1.0 .4 1.1 .9 2.1 All in working order 127.7 ............................ .7 ... 6.8 10.9 32.7 18.2 17.1 40.1 25.0 42.0 58.9 26.8 Some in working order 8.3 ......................... – ... .4 .9 2.2 1.5 .7 1.5 2.1 2.4 3.8 2.1

None in working order 7.4 ......................... – ... .4 1.3 2.7 1.7 .5 2.4 .6 2.6 2.8 2.0

Not reported 14.4 ................................. – ... .4 1.9 5.3 1.8 1.6 4.1 4.3 6.6 4.9 2.9

Elevator on Floor

Multiunits, 2 or more floors 163.4 ............. .4 ... 9.6 15.1 43.0 26.1 18.3 51.0 32.8 58.3 70.8 34.3

With 1 or more elevators working 31.2 ............... .2 ... 1.6 2.2 8.1 3.4 6.8 9.0 5.1 12.1 10.9 8.2

With elevator, none in working condition 1.9 ......... – ... .2 .2 1.1 – .4 .8 1.1 .6 .9 .4

No elevator 130.3 .................................. .2 ... 7.8 12.7 33.9 22.6 11.0 41.1 26.7 45.5 59.1 25.7

Units 3 or more floors from main entrance 4.1 ...... .2 ... .8 – .4 – .9 1.5 – 1.6 1.8 .7

Foundation

1 unit bldg. excl. mobile homes 157.4 ......... 2.2 ... 5.0 8.2 25.3 26.9 14.6 43.4 30.1 26.0 68.7 62.7 With basement under all of building 9.8 ............. – ... .9 .9 2.7 1.9 1.1 2.0 2.1 5.8 1.8 2.1 With basement under part of building 6.3 ............ .2 ... .2 .9 .4 1.1 1.1 .7 1.8 3.6 1.2 1.5 With crawl space 60.5 ............................. .6 ... 1.3 3.4 8.7 10.7 3.9 13.6 9.3 8.8 28.4 23.4 On concrete slab 72.4 ............................. .9 ... 1.7 3.0 11.8 11.2 8.4 24.0 15.4 6.2 34.0 32.2 Other 8.4 ....................................... .5 ... .8 – 1.7 2.1 .2 3.0 1.6 1.5 3.3 3.6

External Building Conditions3

Sagging roof 18.0 ................................. – .9 2.6 4.2 3.9 2.9 1.5 5.0 4.6 4.5 6.7 6.9

Missing roofing material 21.5 ....................... – – 2.6 3.5 6.4 3.7 1.9 5.0 4.7 6.4 6.9 8.1

Hole in roof 16.4 .................................. – .3 1.0 4.6 4.5 2.8 2.4 3.8 3.3 5.1 5.4 5.9

Missing bricks, siding, other outside wall material 20.1 . – .3 3.0 4.1 6.4 4.3 2.4 4.8 3.1 6.2 6.8 7.1

Sloping outside walls 14.7 .......................... – – 1.4 3.7 2.3 3.1 1.1 2.6 2.6 2.7 6.0 6.0

Boarded up windows 8.6 .......................... – .3 2.1 2.0 2.2 2.3 .5 2.5 2.5 3.1 3.1 2.4

Broken windows 24.8 .............................. – .3 3.3 4.7 5.8 6.0 1.3 7.0 4.7 8.8 9.0 7.0

Bars on windows 40.2 ............................. .2 – 2.3 5.8 14.3 7.0 3.9 11.2 9.8 26.3 7.7 6.2 Foundation crumbling or has open crack or hole 15.1 .. – .3 1.3 3.9 3.7 3.1 .9 2.6 2.5 4.4 5.9 4.8 None of the above 198.6 ............................ 2.2 .9 4.8 8.9 33.6 32.2 22.4 60.3 34.3 35.7 98.6 64.3 Not reported 19.5 ................................. .2 .3 .4 1.7 6.9 2.0 1.5 6.4 5.5 8.2 5.2 6.2

Site Placement

Mobile homes 2.8 ........................ – 2.8 – .3 – 1.2 .6 1.2 .3 – .6 2.2

First site 1.5 ..................................... – 1.5 – .3 – .9 .6 .9 .3 – .6 .9

Moved from another site .3 ....................... – .3 – – – – – .3 – – – .3

Don’t know 1.0 ................................... – 1.0 – – – .3 – – – – – 1.0

Not reported – ................................. – – – –– – – – – – – –

Previous Occupancy

Unit built 1990 or later 13.0 ................. 2.9 – .5 .4 1.1 1.2 1.1 5.1 3.0 1.1 4.6 7.3 Not previously occupied 2.2 ....................... 1.1 – – .2 – .2 .4 .4 .7 .7 .4 1.0 Not reported 4.4 ................................. .7 – .5 .2 .7 .3 .2 1.8 1.6 .2 1.0 3.1

1See back cover for details.

2Figures exclude mobile homes.

3Figures may not add to total because more than one category may apply to a unit.

92 AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 4~3. Size of Unit and LotmRenter Occupied Units

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Selected subareas1

Physical problems

Total

occupied

units

New

con~

struction

4 years

Mobile

homes Severe Moderate Black Hispanic

Elderly

(65 years

and over)

Moved in

past year

Below

poverty

level Area one Area two Area three

Total 347.1 ................................ 2.9 2.8 14.8 26.2 73.5 59.0 36.6 101.3 67.2 89.5 150.8 106.8

Rooms

1 room 5.5 ...................................... – – 2.3 1.5 1.5 – .7 1.5 1.5 2.4 2.1 1.0

2 rooms 8.7 ..................................... .2 .3 .5 .6 1.4 1.5 2.4 4.3 3.8 3.9 4.0 .7

3 rooms 98.2 ..................................... .9 1.3 4.5 6.7 21.5 15.5 16.6 29.0 18.4 34.0 41.3 23.0

4 rooms 119.8 ..................................... 1.1 .9 2.8 8.6 26.3 20.6 8.8 34.1 21.7 23.1 57.6 39.1

5 rooms 59.9 ..................................... .2 – 2.4 4.3 14.8 12.8 5.1 16.0 11.5 14.1 25.2 20.7

6 rooms 30.4 ..................................... – .3 2.0 2.2 4.8 4.7 1.5 8.5 5.7 7.4 12.0 11.0

7 rooms 16.4 ..................................... .2 – – 1.6 2.0 2.8 .7 5.9 2.4 2.4 6.5 7.4

8 rooms 4.7 ..................................... .2 – – .2 .6 .6 .4 1.3 .9 .9 1.5 2.3

9 rooms 1.1 ..................................... – – .2 – – .2 .2 – .2 .2 .2 .6

10 rooms or more 2.4 ............................. – – .2 .4 .5 .2 .2 .7 1.1 1.1 .4 .8

Median 4.0 ...................................... ... ... 3.6 4.0 4.0 4.1 3.4 4.0 4.0 3.7 4.0 4.2

Rooms Used for Business2

Business only

1 or more rooms with direct access ... ........... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

1 or more rooms, no direct access ... ............ ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Business and other use

1 or more rooms ... ............................ ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Not reported ... ............................... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Bedrooms

None 6.5 ........................................ – .3 2.3 1.5 1.7 .3 1.2 1.8 2.1 2.9 2.1 1.5 1 118.0 ........................................... 1.1 1.6 4.5 8.5 25.3 16.5 19.5 35.7 23.0 42.2 48.8 27.0 2 136.0 ........................................... .9 .9 5.8 10.1 30.9 25.8 10.1 39.2 23.9 28.6 63.2 44.2 3 67.4 ........................................... .2 – 1.6 4.6 12.6 13.9 4.5 19.2 13.7 13.1 30.4 23.9 4 or more 19.3 .................................... .6 – .7 1.5 3.0 2.6 1.3 5.4 4.5 2.7 6.4 10.2 Median 1.9 ...................................... ... ... 1.6 1.8 1.8 2.0 1.4 1.8 1.9 1.5 1.9 2.1

Complete Bathrooms

None 7.2 ........................................ .2 – 2.9 1.0 1.6 .2 .9 2.8 3.5 3.5 2.3 1.4

1 236.0 ........................................... 1.3 2.5 9.2 18.9 55.6 41.7 28.3 65.3 45.6 75.8 96.6 63.6

1 and one~half 35.1 ................................ .2 – 1.1 2.0 7.0 6.2 3.5 7.9 8.3 4.3 19.1 11.8

2 or more 68.8 .................................... 1.1 .3 1.6 4.3 9.2 11.0 3.9 25.2 9.8 6.0 32.8 30.0

Square Footage of Unit

Single detached and mobile homes 115.1 ..... 1.8 2.8 4.3 7.6 16.6 22.2 9.3 30.0 22.0 23.6 46.8 44.8

Less than 500 6.5 ................................ – .9 .4 .2 1.8 .8 1.7 1.1 1.9 3.6 .9 2.0

500 to 749 6.9 ................................... .2 1.3 .6 .2 .2 1.1 .7 2.4 1.5 .7 3.4 2.8

750 to 999 9.9 ................................... – – .7 .4 1.6 2.0 1.3 3.5 1.6 2.0 5.1 2.7 1,000 to 1,499 31.0 ................................ – .3 .7 2.5 3.6 6.6 1.7 8.0 3.7 3.0 15.5 12.5 1,500 to 1,999 17.3 ................................ .5 – – 1.1 1.3 2.7 .4 5.0 1.5 1.4 8.5 7.4 2,000 to 2,499 4.9 ................................ .2 – – .2 – .6 .4 1.5 – .9 2.0 2.1 2,500 to 2,999 2.3 ................................ – – .4 .2 – .7 – .2 .6 – 1.3 1.0 3,000 to 3,999 1.3 ................................ .5 – – .4 – .2 – .4 .2 .5 .2 .6 4,000 or more 2.4 ................................ – – – .7 – .2 .4 .6 .2 1.7 .2 .4 Not reported 32.6 ................................. .4 .3 1.5 1.7 8.1 7.2 2.6 7.2 10.7 9.8 9.6 13.2 Median 1 290 ...................................... ... ... ... 1 426 1 099 1 268 929 1 277 1 086 1 086 1 294 1 334

Lot Size3

Less than one~eighth acre 45.8 ..................... .9 2.5 2.2 2.7 6.3 8.1 4.3 12.2 9.2 4.1 24.7 17.0

One~eighth up to one~quarter acre 52.0 .............. .6 – 1.5 2.6 8.2 10.2 4.4 13.3 11.8 10.1 19.4 22.5

One~quarter up to one~half acre 25.7 ................. – – 1.3 1.1 4.7 5.4 2.0 8.7 4.3 7.2 7.4 11.1

One~half up to one acre 10.8 ........................ – – – 1.0 2.1 2.0 .9 3.3 1.8 1.8 4.2 4.8

1 up to 5 acres 9.7 ............................... .5 – – .4 2.4 .4 1.3 1.7 1.3 2.0 5.1 2.6

5 up to 10 acres .8 .............................. – – – – – – .2 .2 – – .2 .6

10 acres or more 2.7 ............................. .2 .3 – – – .4 – 1.1 .4 – 1.1 1.6

Median .19 ...................................... ... ... .16 .19 .21 .19 .19 .20 .18 .23 .17 .20

Persons per Room

0.50 or less 197.2 .................................. 2.2 1.5 5.8 13.8 44.6 17.6 27.8 56.5 36.4 55.5 81.5 60.3 0.51 to 1.00 129.0 .................................. .7 1.3 7.7 9.4 26.7 30.8 8.1 39.4 23.8 27.7 61.1 40.1 1.01 to 1.50 18.1 .................................. – – 1.3 2.2 2.0 8.9 .7 4.2 5.3 4.8 7.5 5.7 1.51 or more 2.8 ................................. – – – .7 .2 1.7 – 1.2 1.6 1.5 .7 .7

Persons per Bedroom

0.50 or less 37.7 .................................. .6 .3 1.3 2.6 7.7 2.8 6.2 8.2 8.0 5.9 16.3 15.5 0.51 to 1.00 164.5 .................................. 1.8 1.2 4.9 11.6 38.0 17.3 22.2 49.7 29.6 46.5 69.0 49.0 1.01 to 1.50 46.2 .................................. – .3 1.3 3.1 11.7 9.4 2.4 14.6 8.7 9.1 19.9 17.2 1.51 or more 92.3 ................................. .5 .7 5.0 7.3 14.5 29.3 4.5 27.0 18.8 25.1 43.6 23.6

No bedrooms 6.5 ................................. – .3 2.3 1.5 1.7 .3 1.2 1.8 2.1 2.9 2.1 1.5

Square Feet per Person

Single detached and mobile homes 115.1 ..... 1.8 2.8 4.3 7.6 16.6 22.2 9.3 30.0 22.0 23.6 46.8 44.8

Less than 200 8.2 ................................ – .6 .4 .4 2.2 2.6 1.3 1.8 2.4 3.0 2.7 2.5

200 to 299 13.2 ................................... – .3 .8 .2 1.9 2.7 .9 2.0 2.6 1.3 6.7 5.2

300 to 399 10.3 ................................... – .3 – 1.3 .4 1.8 .9 2.9 .5 1.1 5.7 3.5

400 to 499 12.8 ................................... – .6 .4 1.0 1.1 2.2 .7 5.1 1.1 2.1 5.9 4.8

500 to 599 9.7 ................................... .2 .3 .2 – .7 1.9 – 4.1 .7 1.1 4.1 4.5

600 to 699 7.8 ................................... – .3 .5 .5 .7 2.0 .5 1.7 1.3 .9 3.8 3.0

700 to 799 3.5 ................................... .2 – – .4 .2 .5 – .9 .2 .4 1.8 1.3

800 to 899 2.1 ................................... .2 – – .4 .2 .2 .4 – .2 .7 .4 1.0

900 to 999 2.8 ................................... – – .5 .2 .2 .6 .2 1.5 .5 .4 1.1 1.3

1,000 to 1,499 6.2 ................................ .2 – – .4 .8 – .8 1.1 .8 .7 3.0 2.5

1,500 or more 5.8 ................................ .4 – – 1.1 – .4 1.1 1.7 1.1 1.9 1.9 1.9 Not reported 32.6 ................................. .4 .3 1.5 1.7 8.1 7.2 2.6 7.2 10.7 9.8 9.6 13.2 Median 474 ...................................... ... ... ... 613 325 417 453 492 419 468 459 495

1See back cover for details.

2Figures may not add to total because more than one category may apply to a unit.

3Does not include multiunits, cooperatives or condominiums.

AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998 93

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 4~4. Selected Equipment and PlumbingmRenter Occupied Units

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Selected subareas1

Physical problems

Total

occupied

units

New

con~

struction

4 years

Mobile

homes Severe Moderate Black Hispanic

Elderly

(65 years

and over)

Moved in

past year

Below

poverty

level Area one Area two Area three

Total 347.1 ................................ 2.9 2.8 14.8 26.2 73.5 59.0 36.6 101.3 67.2 89.5 150.8 106.8

Equipment2

Lacking complete kitchen facilities 16.3 .............. .2 .3 3.4 12.9 5.5 2.7 1.1 4.7 5.5 5.9 7.4 2.9

With complete kitchen (sink, refrigerator, and oven

or burners) 330.8 .................................. 2.7 2.5 11.5 13.2 68.1 56.3 35.5 96.6 61.7 83.6 143.3 103.9

Kitchen sink 343.3 .................................. 2.9 2.8 12.5 24.7 72.3 58.8 36.2 99.7 65.4 88.1 148.4 106.8

Refrigerator 344.5 .................................. 2.9 2.8 13.7 24.7 73.1 58.6 36.3 100.2 66.1 88.6 149.3 106.6

Cooking stove or range 338.7 ........................ 2.7 2.5 11.9 21.1 70.9 57.6 36.0 98.3 64.6 87.0 146.1 105.6

Burners, no stove or range – ..................... – – – –– – – – – – – –

Microwave oven only .4 .......................... – – – – – – – .2 – – .4 –

Dishwasher 139.1 .................................. 2.0 .3 3.3 5.1 21.4 16.6 9.9 42.6 18.5 14.5 64.7 59.9

Washing machine 136.4 ............................. 1.8 .3 3.7 8.5 23.8 18.7 9.2 34.5 24.3 24.6 62.9 48.8

Clothes dryer 131.5 ................................. 1.8 .6 3.3 8.5 23.2 17.3 8.3 33.6 24.2 22.3 63.4 45.8

Disposal in kitchen sink 191.4 ........................ 2.5 .3 4.6 9.5 35.8 28.7 19.4 58.0 30.6 30.5 89.6 71.3

Trash compactor 11.5 ............................. – – – .2 2.0 1.2 .6 4.9 3.1 1.6 6.3 3.6

Air conditioning:

Central 54.1 .................................... 1.4 .6 1.1 2.2 4.6 8.7 6.4 17.6 7.3 1.4 15.5 37.3

Additional Central 1.9 ........................... – – – – .2 .2 .4 .2 .2 – – 1.9

1 room unit 43.9 ................................ .4 1.2 1.9 3.2 7.2 7.1 4.0 12.6 7.0 6.5 15.6 21.9

2 room units 8.5 ............................... .2 – – .9 2.2 2.6 .4 2.0 2.6 2.2 2.1 4.3

3 room units or more 2.4 ........................ – – .2 .2 .2 .5 – .9 .4 .7 1.3 .4

Main Heating Equipment

Warm~air furnace 200.5 ............................. 1.8 2.2 4.8 11.0 44.6 27.7 21.3 59.9 33.8 48.0 87.3 65.2 Steam or hot water system 15.6 ..................... .2 .3 3.2 2.0 3.0 1.9 3.1 4.6 3.1 5.9 6.4 3.3 Electric heat pump 5.3 ............................ .5 – – .2 .9 .2 .7 1.8 1.1 .9 1.6 2.8 Built~in electric units 25.4 ........................... .4 – .2 1.9 6.3 4.7 2.8 9.3 7.3 7.2 11.1 7.0 Floor, wall, or other built~in hot air units without ducts 80.7 ....................................... – .3 4.3 8.2 16.1 18.0 7.6 21.7 16.8 19.0 37.3 24.4 Room heaters with flue 8.3 ........................ – – .2 .4 1.3 3.7 .4 1.3 1.7 3.1 3.1 2.1 Room heaters without flue .8 ..................... – – .2 .6 .2 – .2 – .2 .2 .2 .4 Portable electric heaters 4.3 ....................... – – .8 .4 .4 .6 .4 .9 1.3 1.3 2.2 .9 Stoves .4 ...................................... – – – – .2 – – .2 – .2 .2 – Fireplaces with inserts – ......................... – – – –– – – – – – – – Fireplaces without inserts – ...................... – – – –– – – – – – – – Other 2.1 ....................................... – – – .4 .2 – – .2 .4 1.1 .8 .2 Cooking stove .6 ................................ – – .2 .2 – .4 – .2 .4 .6 – – None 2.9 ........................................ – – .8 .7 .2 1.6 – 1.1 .8 1.9 .6 .4

Other Heating Equipment2

Warm~air furnace 1.2 ............................. – – – .4 – – .4 .4 .2 .2 .2 .8

Steam or hot water system – ..................... – – – –– – – – – – – – Electric heat pump .4 ............................ – – – – – – – – – – – .4 Built~in electric units 12.4 ........................... – – – 1.1 2.2 1.3 1.1 4.0 2.0 3.6 6.0 2.8 Floor, wall, or other built~in hot~air units without ducts 5.0 ....................................... – – .2 .4 2.2 .2 .4 .9 1.1 1.8 2.5 .8 Room heaters with flue 1.6 ........................ – – .2 .2 .2 – .2 .4 – .4 .9 .2 Room heaters without flue .9 ..................... – – – .2 – .2 – .4 – – .4 .4 Portable electric heaters 49.5 ....................... – .9 3.0 5.0 10.3 5.8 6.3 11.0 8.6 16.7 20.3 12.5 Stoves 3.9 ...................................... – – .4 .4 – .7 – .7 .4 .2 1.3 2.4 Fireplaces with inserts 7.3 ......................... .4 – .2 .4 1.3 .2 .4 2.4 .6 1.7 2.4 3.1 Fireplaces without inserts 20.5 ...................... – – .7 1.8 2.9 2.5 1.7 6.6 2.8 4.0 8.6 8.0 Other 1.8 ....................................... – – – – – .4 .5 .4 .4 .4 1.3 – Cooking stove 3.7 ................................ – – .2 .7 1.1 .2 .4 .8 .6 1.5 1.1 1.0 None 240.0 ........................................ 2.2 1.9 9.6 16.1 51.7 46.6 25.7 71.9 47.9 55.8 107.4 76.8

Used as parallel heating equipment2 .... 19.4 – – .9 2.2 4.0 2.0 2.1 3.9 3.5 6.2 8.7 4.5

Warm~air furnace .4 ............................. – – – – – – .2 .2 – – – .4

Steam or hot water system – ..................... – – – –– – – – – – – –

Electric heat pump .2 ............................ – – – – – – – – – – – .2

Built~in electric units 6.3 ........................... – – – .6 1.1 .6 .8 1.3 1.4 2.4 3.0 .9

Floor, wall, or other built~in hot~air units without

ducts 3.1 ....................................... – – – .4 1.3 .2 .2 .4 .4 .8 1.8 .4

Room heaters with flue 1.3 ........................ – – .2 .2 .2 – – .4 – .4 .7 .2

Stoves .9 ...................................... – – .2 – – .2 – – – – .7 .2

Fireplaces with inserts 1.1 ......................... – – – – – – – .4 .4 .2 .4 .4

Fireplaces with no inserts 5.2 ...................... – – .2 .7 .9 .5 .8 .9 1.1 1.5 2.0 1.7

Cooking stove 1.3 ................................ – – .2 .5 .5 .2 – .2 .2 .7 .4 .2

Other .4 ....................................... – – – – – .2 – .2 .2 .2 .2 –

Used as supplemental heating

equipment2 ......................... 76.2 .4 .9 3.9 6.3 14.2 7.9 7.8 20.6 12.1 22.0 31.8 22.3

Warm~air furnace .4 ............................. – – – .2 – – – .2 .2 .2 .2 –

Steam or hot water system – ..................... – – – –– – – – – – – –

Electric heat pump .2 ............................ – – – – – – – – – – – .2

Built~in electric units 6.1 ........................... – – – .5 1.1 .6 .2 2.7 .7 1.1 3.1 1.9

Floor, wall, or other built~in hot~air units without

ducts 2.0 ....................................... – – .2 – .9 – .2 .4 .7 .9 .6 .4

Room heaters with flue .2 ........................ – – – – – – .2 – – – .2 –

Room heaters without flue .9 ..................... – – – .2 – .2 – .4 – – .4 .4

Portable electric heaters 49.5 ....................... – .9 3.0 5.0 10.3 5.8 6.3 11.0 8.6 16.7 20.3 12.5

Stoves 3.0 ...................................... – – .2 .4 – .4 – .7 .4 .2 .6 2.2

Fireplaces with inserts 3.2 ......................... .4 – .2 – .4 – – 1.1 – .9 1.1 1.3

Fireplaces with no inserts 14.9 ...................... – – .4 1.1 2.0 1.8 .8 5.5 1.7 2.4 6.1 6.3

Cooking stove 2.3 ................................ – – – .2 .6 – .4 .6 .4 .9 .7 .8

Other 1.1 ....................................... – – – – – .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .9 –

Plumbing

With all plumbing facilities 340.8 ...................... 2.9 2.8 8.5 26.2 72.1 57.9 35.9 99.5 65.2 87.3 147.3 106.1

Lacking some or all plumbing facilities2 .......... 6.3 – – 6.3 – 1.5 1.1 .7 1.8 2.0 2.2 3.4 .7

No hot piped water 1.3 .......................... – – 1.3 – – .2 – .4 .4 .2 .8 .2

No bathtub nor shower 3.1 ...................... – – 3.1 – .8 .2 .5 1.5 1.1 1.3 1.8 –

No flush toilet 3.6 .............................. – – 3.6 – .8 .2 .5 1.5 1.3 1.3 2.3 –

No exclusive use 3.2 ........................... – – 3.2 – .7 .7 .5 .5 .7 1.2 1.5 .5

94 AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 4~4. Selected Equipment and PlumbingmRenter Occupied UnitsmCon.

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Selected subareas1

Physical problems

Total

occupied

units

New

con~

struction

4 years

Mobile

homes Severe Moderate Black Hispanic

Elderly

(65 years

and over)

Moved in

past year

Below

poverty

level Area one Area two Area three

Primary Source of Water

Public system or private company 344.1 ............... 2.9 2.5 14.6 26.0 73.3 58.1 36.4 100.0 66.6 89.3 149.6 105.2

Well serving 1 to 5 units 1.4 ....................... – .3 – .2 – .4 .2 .2 .2 – .2 1.2

Drilled 1.2 ..................................... – .3 – – – .2 .2 .2 .2 – .2 1.0

Dug – ....................................... – – – –– – – – – – – –

Not reported .2 ............................... – – – .2 – .2 – – – – – .2

Other 1.5 ....................................... – – .2 – .2 .5 – 1.1 .4 .2 .9 .4

Safety of Primary Source of Water

Selected primary water sources3........ 346.6 2.9 2.8 14.8 26.2 73.5 58.8 36.6 100.8 67.2 89.5 150.5 106.6

Safe to drink 251.6 ................................. 1.7 2.2 10.1 15.7 49.7 37.4 29.2 73.3 45.4 62.5 110.9 78.2

Not safe to drink 81.2 .............................. 1.2 .3 4.1 8.9 18.5 20.8 6.3 22.4 17.9 22.3 34.2 24.8

Safety not reported 13.8 ........................... – .3 .6 1.5 5.4 .6 1.1 5.1 3.9 4.7 5.4 3.6

Source of Drinking Water

Primary source not safe to drink 81.2 ........ 1.2 .3 4.1 8.9 18.5 20.8 6.3 22.4 17.9 22.3 34.2 24.8

Drinking and primary water source the same 7.7 ..... .2 – .7 .9 1.5 1.2 .9 2.2 1.1 2.5 3.1 2.1

Public or private system 7.7 ..................... .2 – .7 .9 1.5 1.2 .9 2.2 1.1 2.5 3.1 2.1

Individual well – .............................. – – – –– – – – – – – –

Spring – ..................................... – – – –– – – – – – – –

Cistern – .................................... – – – –– – – – – – – –

Stream or lake – ............................. – – – –– – – – – – – –

Other – ..................................... – – – –– – – – – – – –

Drinking and primary water source different 73.3 ...... .9 .3 3.5 8.0 16.9 19.6 5.4 20.2 16.6 19.8 31.1 22.5

Public or private system – ..................... – – – –– – – – – – – –

Individual well – .............................. – – – –– – – – – – – –

Spring .4 ..................................... – – – .2 – – – .2 – – – .4

Cistern – .................................... – – – –– – – – – – – –

Stream or lake – ............................. – – – –– – – – – – – –

Commercial bottled water 56.6 .................... .9 .3 2.8 6.5 14.0 16.1 3.7 15.8 13.3 12.6 24.2 19.7

Other 16.3 ..................................... – – .7 1.3 2.9 3.6 1.8 4.2 3.3 7.1 6.8 2.4

Source of drinking water not reported .2 ............ – – – – – – – – .2 – – .2

Means of Sewage Disposal

Public sewer 343.9 ................................. 2.9 2.2 14.2 25.9 73.3 58.8 36.4 100.2 66.6 89.3 149.3 105.3

Septic tank, cesspool, chemical toilet 2.8 ............ – .6 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .9 .4 – 1.3 1.5

Other .4 ....................................... – – .4 – – – – .2 .2 .2 .2 –

1See back cover for details.

2Figures may not add to total because more than one category may apply to a unit.

3Excludes units where primary source of water is commercial bottled water.

AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998 95

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 4~5. FuelsmRenter Occupied Units

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Selected subareas1

Physical problems

Total

occupied

units

New

con~

struction

4 years

Mobile

homes Severe Moderate Black Hispanic

Elderly

(65 years

and over)

Moved in

past year

Below

poverty

level Area one Area two Area three

Total 347.1 ................................ 2.9 2.8 14.8 26.2 73.5 59.0 36.6 101.3 67.2 89.5 150.8 106.8

Main House Heating Fuel

Housing units with heating fuel 344.2 ......... 2.9 2.8 14.0 25.5 73.3 57.4 36.6 100.2 66.4 87.7 150.2 106.3 Electricity 100.5 .................................... 1.6 – 3.6 5.8 23.3 15.9 11.7 32.5 22.2 24.9 46.0 29.5 Piped gas 236.1 .................................... 1.1 1.9 9.5 18.6 48.9 40.1 23.9 65.9 41.9 59.5 101.3 75.3 Bottled gas 1.5 ................................... – .6 – – – .8 .5 – .3 .5 .2 .9 Fuel oil 1.3 ...................................... .2 – – .2 – .2 .2 1.1 .4 .4 .7 .2 Kerosene or other liquid fuel .7 .................... – .3 – .4 – – – – .2 .2 .2 .3 Coal or coke .2 ................................. – – .2 – – – – – – – .2 – Wood .9 ....................................... – – – .2 .2 – – .2 .4 .4 .4 – Solar energy .2 ................................. – – – – .2 – – – .2 – – .2 Other 2.8 ....................................... – – .7 .2 .7 .4 .2 .4 .7 1.7 1.1 –

Other House Heating Fuels2

With other heating fuel 93.7 ........................ .4 .9 4.4 8.1 18.5 9.9 10.2 24.8 15.2 27.3 39.8 26.6

Electricity 62.9 .................................. – .9 3.0 6.1 12.7 7.0 7.4 14.9 11.1 20.2 27.0 15.7

Piped gas 10.9 .................................. .2 – .7 1.3 2.8 .5 1.2 3.3 2.0 3.5 5.5 1.9

Bottled gas – ................................. – – – –– – – – – – – –

Fuel oil 1.1 .................................... – – – .2 .3 – – .2 – – .7 .4

Kerosene or other liquid fuel .2 .................. – – – – – .2 – – – – – .2

Coal or coke – ............................... – – – –– – – – – – – –

Wood 27.9 ..................................... .2 – 1.3 2.2 4.0 3.1 1.9 7.6 3.4 5.7 10.5 11.6

Solar energy – ............................... – – – –– – – – – – – –

Other .9 ..................................... – – – – – .2 – .6 – .4 .2 .2

Cooking Fuel

With cooking fuel 339.1 ..................... 2.7 2.5 11.9 21.1 70.9 57.6 36.0 98.5 64.6 87.0 146.5 105.6

Electricity 188.3 .................................... 1.3 .6 5.3 8.3 38.5 29.5 23.0 54.1 31.4 33.8 90.4 64.1

Piped gas 149.6 .................................... 1.3 1.0 6.6 12.7 32.4 27.9 12.5 44.4 33.0 53.1 56.1 40.4

Bottled gas 1.1 ................................... – .9 – – – .3 .5 – .3 – – 1.1

Kerosene or other liquid fuel – .................... – – – –– – – – – – – –

Coal or coke – ................................. – – – –– – – – – – – –

Wood – ....................................... – – – –– – – – – – – –

Other – ....................................... – – – –– – – – – – – –

Water Heating Fuel

With hot piped water 345.8 .................. 2.9 2.8 13.6 26.2 73.5 58.8 36.6 100.9 66.8 89.3 150.0 106.6

Electricity 45.0 .................................... .2 – 1.4 2.9 10.9 6.7 5.8 11.6 7.8 9.2 22.6 13.2

Piped gas 296.6 .................................... 2.7 1.9 12.0 23.2 62.5 50.1 29.8 88.8 58.5 79.1 125.3 92.2

Bottled gas 1.6 ................................... – .9 – – – .8 .3 – .3 .5 .2 .9

Fuel oil – ...................................... – – – –– – – – – – – –

Kerosene or other liquid fuel – .................... – – – –– – – – – – – –

Coal or coke – ................................. – – – –– – – – – – – –

Wood – ....................................... – – – –– – – – – – – –

Solar energy 1.5 ................................. – – – – – .7 .2 – – .5 1.0 –

Other 1.2 ....................................... – – .2 – .2 .5 .5 .4 .2 – .9 .2

Central Air Conditioning Fuel

With central air conditioning 54.1 ............ 1.4 .6 1.1 2.2 4.6 8.7 6.4 17.6 7.3 1.4 15.5 37.3 Electricity 48.9 .................................... 1.4 .3 1.1 1.6 4.0 8.4 5.6 16.8 6.1 1.1 13.9 33.8 Piped gas 4.9 .................................... – – – .7 .6 – .5 .9 .9 .2 1.5 3.2 Other .3 ....................................... – .3 – – – .3 .3 – .3 – – .3

Other Central Air Fuel

With other central air 1.9 .................. – – – – .2 .2 .4 .2 .2 – – 1.9

Electricity 1.3 .................................... – – – – – .2 .4 .2 – – – 1.3

Gas .6 ......................................... – – – – .2 – – – .2 – – .6

Other – ....................................... – – – –– – – – – – – –

Clothes Dryer Fuel

With clothes dryer 131.5 .................... 1.8 .6 3.3 8.5 23.2 17.3 8.3 33.6 24.2 22.3 63.4 45.8 Electricity 90.1 .................................... 1.6 .3 2.0 5.9 15.8 10.4 4.6 24.7 16.7 14.7 43.5 32.0 Piped gas 41.2 .................................... .2 .3 1.3 2.6 7.4 6.8 3.4 8.9 7.3 7.6 19.7 13.8 Other .2 ....................................... – – – – – – .2 – .2 – .2 –

Units Using Each Fuel2

Electricity 346.7 .................................... 2.9 2.8 14.4 26.2 73.5 58.8 36.6 101.1 67.2 89.5 150.6 106.6

Piped gas 318.2 .................................... 2.7 1.9 13.9 25.0 67.1 54.0 31.6 93.3 61.4 82.8 137.3 98.1

Bottled gas 1.8 ................................... – .9 – – – .8 .5 – .3 .5 .2 1.1

Fuel oil 21.5 ...................................... .2 – 1.1 1.6 3.6 4.8 2.9 6.8 4.5 3.7 14.0 3.8

Kerosene or other liquid fuel .9 .................... – .3 – .4 – .2 – – .2 .2 .2 .5

Coal or coke .2 ................................. – – .2 – – – – – – – .2 –

Wood 27.9 ....................................... .2 – 1.3 2.2 4.0 3.1 1.9 7.6 3.4 5.7 10.5 11.6

Solar energy 1.7 ................................. – – – – .2 .7 .2 – .2 .5 1.0 .2 Other 4.9 ....................................... – – .7 .2 .7 1.1 1.0 1.5 .9 2.1 2.3 .4

All electric units 30.6 ............................... .2 – .5 1.6 6.9 4.7 4.7 8.7 5.6 5.9 16.0 8.7

1See back cover for details.

2Figures may not add to total because more than one category may apply to a unit.

96 AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 4~6. Failures in EquipmentmRenter Occupied Units

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Selected subareas1

Physical problems

Total

occupied

units

New

con~

struction

4 years

Mobile

homes Severe Moderate Black Hispanic

Elderly

(65 years

and over)

Moved in

past year

Below

poverty

level Area one Area two Area three

Total 347.1 ................................ 2.9 2.8 14.8 26.2 73.5 59.0 36.6 101.3 67.2 89.5 150.8 106.8

Water Supply Stoppage

With hot and cold piped water 345.8 .......... 2.9 2.8 13.6 26.2 73.5 58.8 36.6 100.9 66.8 89.3 150.0 106.6

No stoppage in last 3 months 300.8 ................... 2.0 1.2 12.3 19.5 62.3 52.1 33.5 88.1 59.1 78.6 128.6 93.6

With stoppage in last 3 months 29.0 ................. .6 1.3 1.3 4.7 5.7 5.1 2.2 7.5 3.4 4.6 16.7 7.8

No stoppage lasting 6 hours or more 9.8 .......... .2 .6 .4 1.3 1.5 1.3 1.1 3.0 1.0 2.0 5.8 2.1

1 time lasting 6 hours or more 11.9 ................ .2 .3 .5 1.5 2.4 2.5 .4 2.4 1.3 1.7 6.7 3.5

2 times 3.5 .................................... .2 – .2 .9 .6 .5 .5 .9 .2 .2 2.0 1.3

3 times 1.9 .................................... – .3 .2 .2 .4 .2 .2 .4 .2 .2 1.0 .7

4 times or more 1.9 ............................. – – – .9 .7 .6 – .9 .6 .4 1.3 .2

Number of times not reported – ................ – – – –– – – – – – – –

Stoppage not reported 16.0 ......................... .2 .3 – 1.9 5.6 1.6 .9 5.3 4.3 6.2 4.7 5.2

Flush Toilet Breakdowns

With one or more flush toilets 343.5 ........... 2.9 2.8 11.2 26.2 72.8 58.8 36.1 99.7 65.8 88.3 148.4 106.8 With at least one working toilet at all times in last 3

months 306.2 ..................................... 2.4 1.6 10.4 20.3 62.0 52.6 32.3 88.6 57.9 77.3 136.4 92.5 None working some time in last 3 months 22.0 ........ .2 .9 .8 4.6 5.4 4.9 2.7 6.3 3.9 5.0 7.6 9.3 No breakdowns lasting 6 hours or more 8.9 ........ – .6 .2 1.9 1.2 2.6 1.2 2.1 1.9 1.5 2.8 4.6 1 time lasting 6 hours or more 9.4 ................ .2 .3 .2 1.7 2.4 1.9 1.3 2.7 .9 2.4 2.8 4.1 2 times 2.3 .................................... – – .4 – 1.4 .2 .2 .7 .5 1.2 .9 .2 3 times – .................................... – – – –– – – – – – – – 4 times or more 1.1 ............................. – – – 1.1 .2 – – .6 .2 – .9 .2 Number of times not reported .4 ................ – – – – .2 .2 – .2 .4 – .2 .2 Breakdowns not reported 15.4 ...................... .2 .3 – 1.3 5.4 1.4 1.1 4.8 4.1 6.0 4.4 5.0

Sewage Disposal Breakdowns

With public sewer 343.9 ..................... 2.9 2.2 14.2 25.9 73.3 58.8 36.4 100.2 66.6 89.3 149.3 105.3

No breakdowns in last 3 months 330.9 ................ 2.9 1.9 13.3 23.3 69.6 56.6 35.5 96.6 64.6 85.9 144.2 100.8

With breakdowns in last 3 months 13.0 ............... – .3 .8 2.7 3.7 2.3 .8 3.6 2.0 3.4 5.1 4.5

No breakdowns lasting 6 hours or more 3.4 ........ – .3 – .3 .2 .7 .4 .8 .9 1.4 .9 1.1

1 time lasting 6 hours or more 6.3 ................ – – .6 .8 1.8 1.1 .4 1.5 .4 1.1 2.6 2.5

2 times 1.3 .................................... – – – .5 .6 .5 – .2 .4 .2 .4 .7

3 times 1.1 .................................... – – .2 .4 .8 – – .4 – .2 .7 .2 4 times or more .9 ............................. – – – .7 .2 – – .7 .2 .4 .4 –

With septic tank or cesspool 2.8 ............ – .6 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .9 .4 – 1.3 1.5 No breakdowns in last 3 months 2.6 ................ – .6 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .9 .4 – 1.1 1.5 With breakdowns in last 3 months .2 ............... – – – – – – – – – – .2 – No breakdowns lasting 6 hours or more – ........ – – – –– – – – – – – – 1 time lasting 6 hours or more .2 ................ – – – – – – – – – – .2 – 2 times – .................................... – – – –– – – – – – – – 3 times – .................................... – – – –– – – – – – – – 4 times or more – ............................. – – – –– – – – – – – –

Heating Problems

With heating equipment and occupied

last winter 317.3 ........................... 2.7 2.5 13.6 23.9 68.9 53.5 35.9 73.5 61.9 82.5 137.5 97.3

Not uncomfortably cold for 24 hours or more last

winter 202.4 ...................................... 2.1 1.3 3.4 12.5 37.1 34.3 23.6 40.8 38.9 44.9 89.3 68.2

Uncomfortably cold for 24 hours or more last

winter2 ..................................... 50.3 .2 .6 8.6 6.4 13.0 10.4 2.9 9.2 9.5 14.8 19.4 16.1

Equipment breakdowns 16.8 ...................... .2 .3 7.7 1.7 4.3 2.6 .9 2.3 2.7 5.4 5.6 5.8

No breakdowns lasting 6 hours or more .4 ...... – – – .2 – – – – .2 – .4 –

1 time lasting 6 hours or more 6.0 .............. .2 – – .6 1.1 1.2 .2 1.5 .8 1.3 2.8 1.9

2 times 2.7 .................................. – .3 – .9 1.1 .2 .5 .2 .4 .5 .9 1.4

3 times .4 .................................. – – .4 – – – – – – .2 .2 –

4 times or more 7.3 ........................... – – 7.3 – 2.1 1.1 .2 .6 1.3 3.3 1.4 2.6

Number of times not reported – .............. – – – –– – – – – – – –

Other causes 37.2 ............................... – .6 3.7 5.3 9.8 8.3 2.2 6.9 7.6 11.0 14.8 11.4

Utility interruption 1.1 ......................... – – .2 – .2 – .2 .2 .2 .5 – .7

Inadequate heating capacity 17.2 ................ – .3 2.8 2.9 4.7 5.1 1.1 3.8 4.0 5.9 5.8 5.6

Inadequate insulation 15.8 ...................... – .6 2.2 2.2 3.5 3.2 .9 2.5 3.1 5.3 7.0 3.5

Cost of heating 7.6 ........................... – – .7 1.1 1.8 1.1 .7 1.8 1.5 2.0 3.0 2.6

Other 8.5 ................................... – – 1.3 .9 2.2 1.3 .7 1.5 1.4 3.4 2.8 2.3

Not reported .5 ............................. – – – – – – – – – – .2 .2

Reason for discomfort not reported .2 ............ – – – – – – – .2 – – – .2

Discomfort not reported 64.6 ........................ .4 .6 1.6 5.1 18.8 8.8 9.3 23.5 13.6 22.8 28.8 13.0

Electric Fuses and Circuit Breakers

With electrical wiring 347.1 .................. 2.9 2.8 14.8 26.2 73.5 59.0 36.6 101.3 67.2 89.5 150.8 106.8

No fuses or breakers blown in last 3 months 234.8 ...... 2.0 1.3 7.6 14.4 46.5 45.4 26.7 78.5 45.6 59.1 105.1 70.5

With fuses or breakers blown in last 3 months 91.0 .... – 1.2 6.7 9.8 19.9 11.6 7.9 16.0 16.0 22.5 39.4 29.1

1 time 31.1 ..................................... – .3 .5 2.7 6.9 3.2 3.3 7.0 5.4 7.2 12.7 11.2

2 times 18.0 .................................... – – 2.2 2.8 4.6 1.8 2.0 2.9 3.7 4.9 7.6 5.5

3 times 11.2 .................................... – – .9 1.3 3.0 1.9 .6 2.4 1.6 2.9 4.0 4.2 4 times or more 30.1 ............................. – .9 3.2 3.1 5.2 4.4 1.5 3.4 5.2 7.1 14.9 8.2 Number of times not reported .7 ................ – – – – .2 .2 .4 .2 .2 .4 .2 – Problem not reported or don’t know ............. 21.3 .9 .3 .5 1.9 7.1 2.0 2.0 6.8 5.6 8.0 6.2 7.1

1See back cover for details.

2Other causes and equipment breakdowns may not add to total as both may be reported.

AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998 97

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 4~7. Additional Indicators of Housing QualitymRenter Occupied Units

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Selected subareas1

Physical problems

Total

occupied

units

New

con~

struction

4 years

Mobile

homes Severe Moderate Black Hispanic

Elderly

(65 years

and over)

Moved in

past year

Below

poverty

level Area one Area two Area three

Total 347.1 ................................ 2.9 2.8 14.8 26.2 73.5 59.0 36.6 101.3 67.2 89.5 150.8 106.8

Selected Amenities2

Porch, deck, balcony, or patio 249.8 .................. 2.2 1.3 8.1 15.8 48.3 42.4 25.6 71.2 45.0 50.1 113.5 86.2 Telephone available ... ........................... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Usable fireplace 87.9 .............................. 1.6 – 2.4 5.4 12.2 8.7 6.2 26.1 11.9 14.3 38.5 35.0 Separate dining room 58.2 ......................... .4 – 3.5 4.8 10.6 9.1 5.1 15.5 9.6 19.9 20.9 17.4 With 2 or more living rooms or recreation rooms,

etc. 38.2 ........................................ .2 .3 1.3 3.0 4.8 5.6 2.2 11.2 5.4 6.2 12.7 19.3 Garage or carport included with home 235.5 ........... 2.0 1.6 7.9 16.3 43.5 37.7 21.4 65.3 40.7 46.0 104.2 85.3 Not included 111.2 ................................. .9 1.2 7.0 9.7 29.8 21.3 15.2 35.6 26.4 43.3 46.4 21.5 Offstreet parking included 75.7 .................... .9 1.2 3.7 5.0 19.3 17.3 11.0 22.8 18.1 25.8 32.4 17.5 Offstreet parking not reported .4 ................ – – – .2 .2 – – – .2 .2 .2 – Garage or carport not reported .4 ................. – – – .2 .2 – – .4 – .2 .2 –

Cars and Trucks Available2

No cars, trucks, or vans 55.9 ....................... .2 .6 4.1 4.6 19.7 9.7 14.0 16.9 22.1 24.0 18.2 13.7

Other households without cars 31.5 ................. – .3 1.4 2.4 6.4 5.1 1.9 8.8 5.4 5.6 16.0 10.0

1 car with or without trucks or vans 171.8 .............. 1.5 1.2 5.7 13.0 34.5 30.6 16.6 49.0 30.2 44.7 74.6 52.5

2 cars 70.5 ....................................... .5 .6 2.7 5.0 11.2 10.4 3.3 21.9 7.7 10.7 34.1 25.7

3 or more cars 17.4 ................................ .7 – .9 1.2 1.8 3.2 .8 4.6 1.7 4.6 7.8 4.9

With cars, no trucks or vans 196.3 .................... 2.4 1.2 8.0 14.7 39.9 30.6 18.7 58.5 30.5 49.5 84.4 62.4

1 truck or van with or without cars 75.8 ............... – 1.0 2.4 5.8 12.4 14.4 2.2 20.7 12.1 12.7 38.4 24.8

2 or more trucks or vans 19.1 ....................... .2 – .3 1.1 1.5 4.3 1.8 5.2 2.5 3.4 9.7 5.9

Owner or Manager on Property

Rental, multiunit3 ..................... 186.8 .7 ... 9.8 17.7 48.2 30.8 21.3 56.7 36.8 63.6 81.4 41.9

Owner or manager lives on property 72.4 ............. .2 ... 3.7 5.7 19.0 13.0 7.1 24.2 13.2 25.9 26.6 19.8

Neither owner nor manager lives on property 114.5 ..... .4 ... 6.2 12.0 29.2 17.9 14.2 32.5 23.5 37.7 54.8 22.0

Selected Deficiencies2

Signs of rats in last 3 months 7.1 ................... – – 1.7 2.2 1.4 2.2 – 1.6 1.3 2.7 1.6 2.8 Signs of mice in last 3 months 29.4 .................. .4 .6 2.5 4.0 5.0 6.6 1.7 6.8 7.0 8.8 10.3 10.3 Signs of rodents, not sure which kind in last 3

months 2.4 ..................................... – .3 .2 .4 1.0 – .2 .4 .8 .9 .4 1.1 Holes in floors 7.6 ................................ – .3 1.3 2.5 2.0 1.5 .2 1.7 2.4 2.7 2.4 2.6 Open cracks or holes (interior) 39.9 .................. – – 5.2 11.5 9.8 8.2 2.2 9.6 7.3 12.0 15.4 12.5 Broken plaster or peeling paint (interior) 25.5 ......... – – 3.1 11.1 7.8 4.9 1.3 4.9 4.3 9.0 8.2 8.3

No electrical wiring – ............................ – – – –– – – – – – – –

Exposed wiring 3.7 ............................... – – 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.3 – 1.1 .9 1.2 1.1 1.4

Rooms without electric outlets 11.6 .................. – .6 2.1 2.5 4.3 3.7 .7 3.3 3.2 4.8 1.6 5.3

Water Leakage During Last 12 Months

No leakage from inside structure 273.4 ................ 2.0 2.2 10.3 15.2 54.1 48.3 33.4 81.5 52.3 68.6 120.9 83.9 With leakage from inside structure2 ............. 57.5 .7 .3 4.5 9.5 13.5 9.3 2.3 14.3 10.2 14.5 25.5 17.5 Fixtures backed up or overflowed 25.0 ............. .2 – 2.3 4.1 4.4 3.9 .7 7.8 3.3 5.0 12.4 7.6 Pipes leaked 27.2 ............................... .5 – 2.6 5.5 7.8 4.7 1.5 4.9 6.5 7.4 11.7 8.1 Other or unknown (includes not reported) 14.6 ...... .2 .3 1.3 2.2 2.8 2.6 .5 2.8 2.2 3.6 6.7 4.3 Interior leakage not reported 16.2 ................... .2 .3 – 1.5 6.0 1.4 .9 5.5 4.7 6.4 4.4 5.3

No leakage from outside structure 275.8 .............. 2.7 1.9 11.0 12.6 53.2 48.6 30.4 86.2 52.7 68.0 122.6 85.1

With leakage from outside structure2 ............ 55.1 – .6 3.8 12.3 14.5 9.3 5.0 10.2 10.0 15.3 23.7 16.1

Roof 31.8 ...................................... – .6 2.1 8.1 8.5 5.3 2.7 5.6 5.7 8.1 12.5 11.2

Basement 2.6 .................................. – – .8 .2 .7 .5 – .2 .7 1.2 1.1 .4

Walls, closed windows, or doors 24.7 .............. – .3 2.5 4.9 6.2 4.0 2.2 5.0 5.2 6.7 11.1 6.8

Other or unknown (includes not reported) 8.8 ...... – – .4 2.2 1.8 1.5 .7 2.2 1.7 2.5 3.6 2.8

Exterior leakage not reported 16.2 ................... .2 .3 – 1.3 5.8 1.1 1.1 4.8 4.5 6.2 4.4 5.6

Overall Opinion of Structure

1 (worst) 3.9 ..................................... – – .4 1.3 1.3 1.3 .4 1.3 .9 .7 1.7 1.5

2 2.8 ........................................... – – .4 .4 .4 .4 – 1.3 1.0 1.1 .2 1.4

3 6.9 ........................................... – – 1.0 .9 1.6 1.7 .6 3.8 1.8 1.4 2.9 2.6

4 10.8 ........................................... – – 1.2 1.2 2.4 1.8 .9 3.2 2.4 2.4 4.7 3.6

5 41.6 ........................................... .2 .3 4.2 2.6 7.9 8.5 3.1 10.6 7.2 12.4 18.5 10.7

6 32.3 ........................................... – .3 2.3 3.7 7.7 8.1 2.4 8.4 5.6 9.1 12.7 10.5

7 70.2 ........................................... .7 .9 1.8 6.3 13.1 9.4 4.5 23.4 10.8 15.6 33.7 20.9 8 81.1 ........................................... .9 1.0 1.5 5.0 13.1 12.6 8.0 23.4 11.9 18.6 35.9 26.6 9 30.1 ........................................... .5 – .9 .9 6.1 5.1 2.9 7.3 5.1 7.9 13.4 8.8 10 (best) 45.4 ..................................... .2 – .7 2.2 12.4 8.2 11.0 11.7 14.6 11.7 20.5 13.2 Not reported 22.1 ................................. .4 .3 .4 1.7 7.6 1.8 2.7 7.0 6.0 8.7 6.4 7.1

Adequate Inside Maintenance4

Adequate 269.8 .................................... 2.3 1.9 8.6 13.5 51.3 44.3 30.9 78.5 49.5 64.8 120.6 84.4

Inadequate 59.1 ................................... .2 .6 6.1 10.9 16.0 13.6 4.3 16.2 13.0 18.1 24.7 16.4

Not reported 18.1 ................................. .4 .3 .2 1.7 6.2 1.1 1.4 6.6 4.7 6.6 5.5 6.0

Buildings and Grounds Properly

Maintained5

Properly maintained 182.8 ........................... 1.1 – 5.8 10.1 40.3 28.0 23.4 59.3 32.9 46.0 88.0 48.9

Not properly maintained 36.6 ....................... – – 4.2 7.1 11.2 7.7 2.7 8.8 9.3 14.2 11.8 10.6

Not reported 12.5 ................................. – – .5 1.3 5.4 1.1 1.1 3.3 3.0 5.8 4.2 2.5

98 AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 4~7. Additional Indicators of Housing QualitymRenter Occupied UnitsmCon.

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Selected subareas1

Physical problems

Total

occupied

units

New

con~

struction

4 years

Mobile

homes Severe Moderate Black Hispanic

Elderly

(65 years

and over)

Moved in

past year

Below

poverty

level Area one Area two Area three

Selected Physical Problems

Severe physical problems2 ..................... 14.8 – – 14.8 ... 3.6 2.8 .9 2.6 3.8 5.8 5.2 3.8

Plumbing 6.5 .................................. – – 6.5 ... 1.7 1.1 .7 1.8 2.2 2.2 3.6 .7

Heating 7.7 .................................... – – 7.7 ... 2.1 1.1 .2 .6 1.3 3.6 1.6 2.6

Electric 1.0 .................................... – – 1.0 ... – .6 – .2 .2 .2 .2 .6

Upkeep .6 .................................... – – .6 ... .2 .2 – – .5 .2 .2 .2

Hallways – ................................... – – – ... – – – – – – – –

Moderate physical problems2................... 26.2 .2 .3 ... 26.2 8.1 4.3 2.0 6.4 6.6 8.7 9.1 8.4

Plumbing 1.1 .................................. – – ... 1.1 .2 – – .6 .2 – .9 .2

Heating .6 .................................... – – ... .6 – – .2 – .2 .2 .2 .2

Upkeep 12.2 .................................... – – ... 12.2 3.9 2.3 .9 1.9 2.4 4.0 3.1 5.2

Hallways 1.1 ................................... – – ... 1.1 .6 .2 – .7 – .4 .2 .4

Kitchen 12.9 .................................... .2 .3 ... 12.9 4.2 2.5 .9 3.3 4.4 4.5 5.5 2.9

1See back cover for details.

2Figures may not add to total because more than one category may apply to a unit.

3Two or more units of any tenure in structure.

4Limited to rental units.

5Limited to single attached and multi rental units.

AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998 99

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 4~8. NeighborhoodmRenter Occupied Units

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Selected subareas1

Physical problems

Total

occupied

units

New

con~

struction

4 years

Mobile

homes Severe Moderate Black Hispanic

Elderly

(65 years

and over)

Moved in

past year

Below

poverty

level Area one Area two Area three

Total 347.1 ................................ 2.9 2.8 14.8 26.2 73.5 59.0 36.6 101.3 67.2 89.5 150.8 106.8

Overall Opinion of Neighborhood

1 (worst) 6.0 ..................................... – – .2 .8 1.5 1.3 1.1 2.0 1.5 1.7 2.0 2.3

2 5.7 ........................................... – – 1.1 .2 1.5 1.2 .2 1.6 2.0 1.6 1.7 2.4

3 9.1 ........................................... – – .7 .7 2.0 2.7 .4 2.4 .9 2.2 3.9 3.1

4 14.5 ........................................... – – .4 2.6 3.8 1.9 1.8 4.6 2.6 3.4 6.7 4.4

5 37.3 ........................................... .2 – 3.1 3.5 8.3 6.9 3.4 10.4 9.0 10.1 17.1 10.2

6 32.2 ........................................... – .6 1.1 2.8 7.1 5.1 1.4 8.5 4.5 8.4 15.0 8.8

7 60.2 ........................................... .9 .6 2.3 4.2 13.2 10.2 5.2 20.2 8.0 19.1 23.4 17.7

8 77.3 ........................................... .7 1.0 3.1 3.9 12.6 14.4 8.2 22.4 13.8 15.8 36.1 25.4

9 34.7 ........................................... .2 – 1.0 1.9 5.4 5.8 3.1 8.7 5.0 6.9 17.2 10.7

10 (best) 45.5 ..................................... .2 .3 1.1 3.7 10.3 7.3 8.7 12.2 13.5 11.0 20.4 14.1

No neighborhood 2.0 ............................. .2 – .2 – .2 .5 .7 1.1 .2 .7 .7 .7

Not reported 22.3 ................................. .4 .3 .4 1.7 7.6 1.8 2.4 7.2 6.2 8.7 6.6 7.1

Street Noise or Traffic

Street noise or traffic present 135.5 ................... .7 .3 8.0 12.9 31.6 25.1 14.5 32.8 24.8 34.8 61.4 39.4

Condition not bothersome 66.4 .................... .7 .3 3.0 4.0 14.9 11.5 11.1 14.9 11.7 18.0 31.3 17.1

Condition bothersome 68.7 ....................... – – 5.0 8.9 16.4 13.6 3.4 17.7 13.0 16.8 29.7 22.2

So bothered they want to move 32.8 ............. – – 3.2 6.3 8.8 7.0 .9 8.0 6.6 8.4 14.8 9.6

Not reported – ............................. – – – –– – – – – – – –

Bothersome not reported .4 .................... – – – – .2 – – .2 .2 – .4 –

Not reported 14.5 ................................. .4 .3 – 1.5 5.6 1.1 .7 4.0 3.9 6.4 3.1 5.0

Neighborhood Crime

Neighborhood crime present 108.0 ................... .4 .3 6.1 12.3 25.9 19.5 10.2 22.8 18.9 34.1 43.0 30.9 Condition not bothersome 41.1 .................... – .3 2.2 4.6 9.6 6.1 6.4 9.2 6.0 13.5 14.8 12.8 Condition bothersome 66.9 ....................... .4 – 3.9 7.6 16.3 13.4 3.8 13.5 12.8 20.6 28.2 18.0 So bothered they want to move 35.0 ............. .2 – 2.6 5.0 8.6 8.6 1.6 8.3 7.9 11.1 14.0 9.9 Not reported .4 ............................. – – – – .2 – – – – .4 – – Bothersome not reported – .................... – – – –– – – – – – – – Not reported 20.2 ................................. .6 .3 – 2.0 6.9 2.1 1.1 7.3 5.6 7.2 6.8 6.2

Odors

Odors present 40.5 ................................ .4 .3 3.3 6.3 8.8 9.1 4.2 9.6 7.2 8.9 14.7 17.0

Condition not bothersome 14.6 .................... .2 – 1.0 1.6 2.7 2.9 2.0 3.7 2.2 3.4 7.1 4.2

Condition bothersome 25.9 ....................... .2 .3 2.4 4.7 6.1 6.2 2.2 5.9 5.1 5.4 7.6 12.8

So bothered they want to move 13.3 ............. .2 .3 1.9 4.0 3.6 3.5 .6 2.5 3.0 2.5 3.5 7.3

Not reported – ............................. – – – –– – – – – – – –

Bothersome not reported – .................... – – – –– – – – – – – –

Not reported 15.1 ................................. .4 .3 – 1.5 5.6 1.3 .7 4.2 4.1 6.6 3.3 5.2

Other Bothersome Neighborhood

Conditions

No other problems 256.2 ............................ 2.3 1.9 10.1 16.9 52.4 45.7 31.8 75.3 52.6 63.3 109.7 83.1

With other problems2 .......................... 75.6 .2 .6 4.5 8.0 15.3 12.0 3.9 21.8 10.6 19.8 37.3 18.5

Noise 20.2 ..................................... – – 1.0 3.8 3.4 3.1 1.2 5.2 3.2 4.1 10.6 5.5

Litter or housing deterioration 9.0 ................ – – 1.3 1.7 2.6 1.6 .4 2.4 1.7 4.2 3.1 1.7

Poor city or county services 5.9 .................. .2 .3 .8 1.7 2.4 .7 .2 1.5 1.3 2.4 1.7 1.8

Undesirable commercial, institutional, industrial 3.9 . – – .6 1.3 .6 1.1 – 1.3 1.3 2.0 .9 1.0

People 25.6 .................................... – – 1.5 3.6 4.9 4.3 1.6 6.4 3.5 4.5 12.9 8.3

Other 40.8 ..................................... – .6 2.4 4.0 8.8 7.0 1.6 12.6 5.0 12.1 18.3 10.3

No problem .2 ................................ – – – – – – – .2 .2 – .2 –

Type of problem not reported 1.5 ................. – – – .2 .5 .2 – .2 – .2 1.1 .2

Other problems not reported 15.4 ................... .4 .3 .2 1.3 5.8 1.4 .9 4.2 4.1 6.4 3.7 5.2

Public Elementary School2

Households with children aged 4~16 ... ............. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Attend public school(K~12) 74.0 ................... – .7 3.9 7.3 17.2 21.7 .9 20.4 18.9 16.7 32.5 24.8

Attend private school (K~12) 8.6 .................. .2 – – .9 2.9 .7 – 3.5 1.5 3.1 4.2 1.3

Attend ungraded school, preschool, etc 2.3 ........ – – .2 – .8 .2 – .7 .4 .2 .4 1.7

Does not attend school 6.8 ...................... – – – .2 2.0 2.2 .4 2.2 2.0 2.0 2.5 2.4

Not reported 10.7 ............................... .2 – – 1.0 3.5 .7 – 3.2 2.9 3.9 3.2 3.5

Households with any children aged 0~133 ........ 113.1 .2 .7 4.5 10.4 25.2 33.7 2.2 34.4 24.0 26.0 50.6 36.5 Satisfactory public elementary school 55.9 .......... – .7 2.6 5.3 11.8 16.8 .9 15.0 13.2 12.0 24.5 19.4 Unsatisfactory public elementary school 10.4 ....... – – .7 1.1 3.1 2.4 – 3.6 1.1 2.2 3.9 4.4 So bothered they want to move 5.9 ............. – – .2 .4 1.6 1.5 – 1.6 .9 .9 2.2 2.8 Not reported – ............................. – – – –– – – – – – – – Not reported or don’t know 33.3 ................... .2 – .9 3.1 6.9 8.8 .9 12.4 6.6 8.5 15.6 9.3 Public elementary school less than 1 mile 60.4 ...... – .3 2.8 6.7 14.4 19.6 .9 19.2 14.3 15.1 25.8 19.4 Public elementary school 1 mile or more 15.7 ....... .2 .3 .5 .7 3.1 3.0 .2 4.7 3.3 2.9 7.0 5.8 Not reported 23.6 ............................... – – .9 2.2 4.2 5.5 .7 7.1 3.2 4.7 11.2 7.8

Public Transportation

With public transportation 313.6 ...................... 1.6 1.9 14.8 23.4 65.9 53.9 33.8 89.9 59.3 80.0 139.9 93.7 Household uses it at least weekly 111.4 ............. – 1.0 8.0 10.3 32.3 22.4 12.9 33.5 27.9 40.3 42.6 28.5 Satisfactory public transportation 102.0 ........... – 1.0 7.1 8.4 28.8 20.6 12.5 30.7 24.5 37.6 38.2 26.3 Unsatisfactory public transportation 9.4 ......... – – .9 1.9 3.5 1.8 .5 2.9 3.4 2.8 4.5 2.2 Not reported – ............................. – – – –– – – – – – – – Household uses it less than weekly 116.8 ........... 1.4 .9 4.1 6.8 21.5 20.5 13.2 30.2 19.8 23.2 59.4 34.3 Satisfactory public transportation 105.1 ........... 1.1 .9 4.1 5.9 19.1 19.6 12.1 28.0 18.5 20.6 55.0 29.5 Unsatisfactory public transportation 10.9 ......... – – – .8 2.2 .9 .9 1.7 1.1 2.4 4.2 4.3 Not reported .9 ............................. .2 – – – .2 – .2 .4 .2 .2 .2 .4 Household does not use 83.8 ..................... .2 – 2.7 6.3 11.4 11.1 7.2 25.5 11.4 16.2 37.3 30.3 Not reported 1.6 ............................... – – – – .7 – .4 .7 .2 .2 .7 .6 No public transportation 16.3 ....................... .8 .6 – 1.5 2.3 2.7 2.1 6.2 3.4 3.2 5.8 7.3 Not reported 17.2 ................................. .4 .3 – 1.3 5.3 2.4 .7 5.2 4.5 6.4 5.0 5.8

Neighborhood Shopping

Satisfactory neighborhood shopping 286.3 ............. 2.0 1.9 10.9 20.0 53.6 51.2 31.4 84.8 53.4 65.0 131.3 90.1

Less than 1 mile 260.1 ............................ 1.4 1.6 9.8 17.9 50.4 48.2 28.1 75.4 48.9 60.9 119.9 79.3

1 mile or more 26.0 .............................. .7 .3 1.1 2.1 3.0 3.0 3.3 9.2 4.5 3.8 11.3 10.8

Not reported .2 ............................... – – – – .2 – – .2 – .2 – –

Unsatisfactory neighborhood shopping 44.4 .......... .4 .6 3.7 4.7 13.7 6.5 4.5 11.9 9.5 17.9 14.9 11.5

Not reported or don’t know 16.4 ..................... .4 .3 .2 1.5 6.3 1.4 .7 4.6 4.3 6.7 4.6 5.2

100 AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 4~8. NeighborhoodmRenter Occupied UnitsmCon.

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Selected subareas1

Physical problems

Total

occupied

units

New

con~

struction

4 years

Mobile

homes Severe Moderate Black Hispanic

Elderly

(65 years

and over)

Moved in

past year

Below

poverty

level Area one Area two Area three

Police Protection

Satisfactory police protection 284.9 ................... 2.0 1.9 12.1 19.2 55.2 47.4 31.5 81.9 52.5 67.0 129.7 88.2

Unsatisfactory police protection 35.4 ................. .2 .6 2.3 4.5 10.5 8.4 2.5 9.5 7.7 12.4 11.3 11.7

Not reported 26.8 ................................. .7 .3 .4 2.5 7.8 3.3 2.5 9.9 7.0 10.1 9.8 6.9

Description of Area Within 300 Feet2

Single~family detached houses 256.3 ................. 2.0 1.2 10.6 20.9 52.9 45.3 24.1 71.6 44.2 67.9 114.0 74.4

Single~family attached 72.5 ......................... .9 .3 2.7 4.0 12.8 13.2 5.9 19.5 10.2 6.9 39.5 26.1

1~ to 3~ story multiunit 216.9 ......................... 1.1 1.2 9.4 17.2 51.1 36.7 24.3 60.1 43.5 62.2 95.4 59.3

4~ to 6~ story multiunit 37.6 ......................... .2 – 2.5 3.4 10.8 3.9 4.4 9.6 5.9 20.4 9.8 7.4

7~ or~ more story multiunit 13.7 ...................... – – .2 .7 4.9 1.6 2.2 3.6 3.0 8.9 2.9 2.0

Mobile homes 13.6 ................................ – 2.2 .7 .9 3.1 2.9 1.9 4.8 2.3 .9 7.8 4.9

Commercial, or institutional 157.9 .................... .9 .9 9.4 12.7 37.2 29.1 16.3 47.5 32.3 45.6 72.4 40.0

Industrial or factories 23.2 .......................... – – 2.6 4.0 9.3 5.7 1.3 7.1 6.0 9.3 9.0 4.9

Body of water 51.3 ................................ .2 .9 1.8 3.9 8.6 4.6 6.7 11.3 6.0 7.4 22.0 21.9

Open space, park, woods, farm, or ranch 107.3 ........ 1.1 .9 3.0 8.6 19.2 14.7 10.2 31.5 17.6 18.6 51.9 36.9

4 or more lane highway, railroad, or airport 77.7 ....... .4 .3 4.1 5.6 20.8 14.7 5.4 22.6 11.7 15.6 36.6 25.5

Not reported 20.0 ................................. .4 .3 .4 1.7 6.9 2.0 1.5 6.6 5.3 7.9 5.6 6.4

Age of Other Residential Buildings

Within 300 Feet

Older 47.1 ........................................ .2 1.2 3.4 8.3 9.8 9.2 3.8 15.3 9.6 9.9 17.9 19.2

About the same 193.2 .............................. 1.1 1.0 6.0 9.4 37.0 31.8 17.7 56.1 32.5 42.5 87.6 63.1

Newer 32.9 ....................................... .9 – 1.2 1.9 8.5 4.2 5.7 10.4 7.6 8.5 14.8 9.6

Very mixed 41.3 ................................... .5 .3 2.6 3.5 7.9 8.8 5.4 8.7 7.0 15.4 20.0 5.9

No other residential buildings 6.0 ................... – – 1.0 .4 1.2 .4 .9 2.9 1.8 1.4 2.4 2.2

Not reported 26.7 ................................. .2 .3 .7 2.6 9.1 4.7 3.1 7.9 8.8 11.8 8.1 6.8

Other Buildings Vandalized or With

Interior Exposed Within 300 Feet

None 285.9 ........................................ 2.7 1.6 10.6 19.6 53.7 48.1 31.4 82.6 51.2 66.2 133.3 86.4 1 building 16.0 .................................... – .6 1.3 2.5 4.7 3.6 .9 3.9 3.2 5.3 4.8 5.9 More than 1 building 14.1 .......................... – .3 2.0 1.8 4.9 3.2 .7 4.4 3.7 5.6 2.6 5.9 No buildings 2.7 .................................. – – – .2 .4 – .6 .8 .4 – 1.2 1.5 Not reported 28.3 ................................. .2 .3 .9 2.2 9.8 4.2 2.9 9.5 8.6 12.5 8.8 7.0

Bars on Windows of Buildings Within

300 Feet

No bars on windows 224.0 ........................... 2.7 2.5 6.5 11.9 30.3 37.9 24.4 64.4 34.6 29.1 112.6 82.3

1 building with bars 13.4 ........................... – – 1.6 2.0 3.8 1.5 1.1 3.1 1.7 4.9 5.3 3.2

2 or more buildings with bars 66.4 ................... – – 5.6 9.3 26.8 13.7 6.1 19.1 18.1 39.7 16.3 10.4

No buildings 2.7 .................................. – – – .2 .4 – .6 .8 .4 – 1.2 1.5

Not reported 40.6 ................................. .2 .3 1.1 2.8 12.3 5.9 4.3 13.9 12.3 15.8 15.4 9.4

Condition of Streets Within 300 Feet

No repairs needed 203.9 ............................ 1.6 .3 7.9 13.5 39.4 33.7 23.5 57.3 37.3 44.9 96.0 62.9

Minor repairs needed 96.3 .......................... .4 1.6 4.9 8.1 20.4 18.5 7.7 29.5 19.2 27.3 38.2 30.9

Major repairs needed 20.9 .......................... .2 .6 1.0 2.8 4.7 4.4 1.8 6.2 3.3 6.7 8.7 5.5

No streets 1.6 ................................... – – – – .7 – .4 .2 .2 .9 .2 .4

Not reported 24.5 ................................. .7 .3 .9 1.7 8.5 2.4 3.2 8.1 7.1 9.8 7.6 7.0

Trash, Litter, or Junk on Streets or Any

Properties Within 300 Feet

None 255.2 ........................................ 1.8 1.9 8.5 14.8 46.4 41.7 29.5 74.2 45.8 55.4 119.2 80.6 Minor accumulation 50.1 ........................... .2 .3 3.9 6.9 14.1 10.4 3.0 14.6 10.8 16.7 19.2 14.2 Major accumulation 18.5 ........................... .2 .3 1.8 2.8 5.1 4.6 1.6 4.8 4.1 7.9 5.3 5.2 Not reported 23.3 ................................. .7 .3 .6 1.7 8.0 2.4 2.4 7.7 6.5 9.5 7.0 6.8

Parking Lots2

With parking lots 89.2 .............................. .9 .6 5.1 4.6 17.8 14.6 9.4 26.5 14.7 15.2 44.2 29.7

Residents only 53.0 ............................. .7 .3 3.0 2.4 9.6 7.9 6.2 17.7 9.2 6.7 25.6 20.8

Shoppers or workers only 32.0 .................... – .3 3.0 1.8 8.3 5.9 2.5 9.7 4.7 8.7 13.2 10.1

Anyone 27.0 .................................... .2 – .9 1.3 6.0 4.7 2.6 10.2 4.7 5.2 12.5 9.4

Kind not reported .7 ........................... – – – .2 .2 – .2 .2 – .7 – –

No parking lots within 300 feet 236.8 .................. 1.6 1.9 9.3 19.9 48.7 42.2 25.2 67.9 46.5 65.9 100.2 70.7

Parking lot not reported 21.1 ........................ .4 .3 .4 1.7 7.1 2.2 2.0 6.8 6.0 8.4 6.3 6.4

Mobile Homes in Group

Mobile homes 2.8 ........................ – 2.8 – .3 – 1.2 .6 1.2 .3 – .6 2.2

1 to 6 1.0 ....................................... – 1.0 – – – .3 – .3 – – – 1.0 7 to 20 – ...................................... – – – –– – – – – – – – 21 or more 1.8 ................................... – 1.8 – .3 – .9 .6 .9 .3 – .6 1.2

1See back cover for details.

2Figures may not add to total because more than one category may apply to a unit.

3Incomplete universe for this publication.

AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998 101

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 4~9. Household CompositionmRenter Occupied Units

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Selected subareas1

Physical problems

Total

occupied

units

New

con~

struction

4 years

Mobile

homes Severe Moderate Black Hispanic

Elderly

(65 years

and over)

Moved in

past year

Below

poverty

level Area one Area two Area three

Population in housing units 847.5 .... 5.0 5.4 37.0 69.5 167.1 195.7 60.4 245.8 174.4 204.5 371.5 271.5

Total 347.1 ................................ 2.9 2.8 14.8 26.2 73.5 59.0 36.6 101.3 67.2 89.5 150.8 106.8

Persons

1 person 115.8 ..................................... 1.5 1.2 6.1 9.4 27.3 8.0 23.2 29.5 25.4 34.8 47.6 33.5

2 persons 97.9 .................................... .9 .6 3.1 5.6 21.3 11.1 7.8 33.9 15.6 25.2 44.7 28.0

3 persons 57.6 .................................... .2 1.0 1.7 3.9 12.3 14.2 3.3 17.7 8.3 14.6 22.8 20.2

4 persons 40.6 .................................... .2 – 1.5 3.7 7.8 12.5 .4 11.9 6.3 7.2 20.7 12.7

5 persons 20.2 .................................... – – 1.3 1.5 2.1 8.7 .8 4.9 5.8 4.3 8.6 7.3

6 persons 9.1 .................................... – – .6 1.1 1.8 2.9 .9 1.8 3.7 1.8 4.3 3.0

7 persons or more 6.0 ............................ – – .4 .9 .9 1.6 – 1.6 2.0 1.8 2.0 2.1

Median 2.1 ...................................... ... ... 1.9 2.1 1.9 3.2 1.5~ 2.1 2.0 1.9 2.1 2.2

Number of Single Children Under 18

Years

None 208.8 ........................................ 2.4 2.1 8.7 13.2 39.8 22.4 33.9 61.2 35.9 55.6 91.3 61.9 1 66.8 ........................................... .2 .7 2.6 5.9 18.2 12.8 2.2 19.8 13.4 17.5 28.1 21.2 2 43.0 ........................................... .2 – 1.7 4.7 10.1 13.6 .5 13.0 6.6 9.7 20.4 13.0 3 19.1 ........................................... – – 1.1 1.1 2.5 7.4 – 5.5 6.0 4.7 7.0 7.4 4 6.1 ........................................... – – .4 .7 2.0 1.9 – 1.4 3.3 1.1 2.9 2.1 5 2.2 ........................................... – – .2 .4 .7 .5 – – 1.1 .2 1.1 .9 6 or more 1.1 .................................... – – – .2 .2 .5 – .4 .9 .7 – .4 Median .5 ...................................... ~ ... ... .5~ .5~ .5~ 1.1 .5~ .5~ .5~ .5~ .5~ .5~

Persons 65 Years Old and Over

None 303.1 ........................................ 2.4 2.2 13.9 23.1 65.1 55.7 ... 95.8 55.0 77.0 132.1 94.1

1 person 36.0 ..................................... .4 .3 .9 2.8 8.0 2.5 29.0 4.1 10.3 11.5 15.5 8.9

2 persons or more 8.0 ............................ – .3 – .2 .5 .8 7.6 1.3 1.8 1.1 3.2 3.8

Age of Householder

Under 25 years 41.5 ............................... .4 – 1.9 3.9 7.7 9.1 ... 20.6 13.9 13.1 19.8 8.6

25 to 29 47.9 ..................................... .7 .7 2.0 3.9 7.1 11.7 ... 20.2 4.5 12.5 18.9 16.6

30 to 34 52.1 ..................................... – – 2.0 4.0 10.6 11.4 ... 16.8 8.3 13.8 22.2 16.0

35 to 44 84.2 ..................................... .5 .3 3.7 6.3 19.3 14.6 ... 23.2 14.1 20.0 39.3 25.0

45 to 54 57.7 ..................................... .2 – 2.7 3.7 15.9 6.3 ... 11.8 9.3 13.9 24.5 19.3

55 to 64 27.0 ..................................... .6 1.2 1.5 2.3 5.7 3.6 ... 5.0 6.2 5.7 10.6 10.8

65 to 74 19.3 ..................................... – .3 .5 1.1 4.5 1.8 19.3 1.8 4.5 5.4 8.0 5.8

75 years and over 17.3 ............................ .4 .3 .5 .9 2.7 .6 17.3 2.0 6.3 5.2 7.4 4.7

Median 39 ...................................... ... ... 39 37 41 34 74 33 40 38 39 40

Household Composition by Age of

Householder

2~or~more person households 231.3 .................. 1.4 1.6 8.7 16.7 46.2 51.0 13.4 71.8 41.8 54.8 103.2 73.3

Married~couple families, no nonrelatives 107.6 ....... 1.2 1.3 3.2 8.2 10.3 28.5 7.7 30.9 15.3 19.6 49.6 38.4

Under 25 years 6.2 ........................... .2 – .2 .7 .9 2.2 ... 2.2 1.5 1.4 3.1 1.7

25 to 29 years 16.7 ............................ .2 .3 .9 .9 1.2 6.3 ... 6.2 1.1 2.8 6.8 7.1

30 to 34 years 21.5 ............................ – – .6 1.8 2.2 7.6 ... 6.7 3.5 4.3 10.0 7.2

35 to 44 years 31.9 ............................ .2 – .9 2.6 3.1 7.3 ... 9.3 4.4 5.9 15.9 10.0

45 to 64 years 23.6 ............................ .5 .6 .6 1.8 2.4 3.9 ... 5.7 2.9 4.1 10.4 9.1

65 years and over 7.7 ........................ – .3 – .4 .5 1.2 7.7 .9 2.0 1.0 3.4 3.3

Other male householder 47.6 ..................... .2 .3 2.0 3.0 9.7 9.1 2.1 17.9 6.4 12.7 20.6 14.3

Under 45 years 36.7 ........................... .2 .3 1.6 2.6 6.8 8.2 ... 16.8 5.0 9.8 16.0 10.9

45 to 64 years 8.8 ............................ – – .4 .4 2.4 .7 ... 1.1 .7 2.0 3.7 3.1

65 years and over 2.1 ........................ – – – – .5 .3 2.1 – .7 1.0 .9 .2

Other female householder 76.1 ................... – – 3.5 5.6 26.2 13.4 3.5 22.9 20.1 22.4 33.0 20.7

Under 45 years 52.5 ........................... – – 2.4 3.9 16.4 10.3 ... 18.5 14.3 15.2 23.3 14.0

45 to 64 years 20.1 ............................ – – .9 1.7 8.3 3.1 ... 4.0 4.5 5.4 8.4 6.2

65 years and over 3.5 ........................ – – .2 – 1.5 – 3.5 .4 1.3 1.7 1.3 .4

1~person households 115.8 .......................... 1.5 1.2 6.1 9.4 27.3 8.0 23.2 29.5 25.4 34.8 47.6 33.5

Male householder 55.1 ........................... .9 .3 4.4 5.5 11.3 4.2 6.3 15.2 10.9 14.7 25.6 14.8

Under 45 years 29.6 ........................... .6 – 1.6 3.2 5.7 2.7 ... 11.5 6.0 8.9 13.1 7.6

45 to 64 years 19.1 ............................ – .3 2.1 1.6 4.4 1.5 ... 3.5 3.2 4.0 9.4 5.8

65 years and over 6.3 ........................ .2 – .7 .7 1.2 – 6.3 .2 1.8 1.8 3.1 1.4

Female householder 60.7 ........................ .6 .9 1.8 4.0 16.1 3.8 16.9 14.3 14.5 20.1 22.0 18.6

Under 45 years 30.7 ........................... – .3 1.5 2.6 8.5 2.0 ... 9.6 5.1 11.0 12.0 7.7

45 to 64 years 13.1 ............................ .4 .3 .2 .5 4.0 .8 ... 2.6 4.4 4.1 3.2 5.8

65 years and over 16.9 ........................ .2 .3 – .9 3.6 .9 16.9 2.2 5.0 5.0 6.7 5.1

Adults and Single Children Under 18

Years Old

Total households with children 138.3 .................. .4 .7 6.1 13.0 33.7 36.6 2.7 40.1 31.3 33.9 59.5 44.9

Married couples 68.7 ............................ .2 .7 2.7 7.3 6.0 23.1 .7 20.4 11.5 12.7 31.6 24.4

One child under 6 only 13.2 ..................... – .3 .7 1.3 – 3.9 .4 5.7 1.5 2.7 5.7 4.8

One under 6, one or more 6 to 17 16.1 ........... – – .2 2.1 2.0 5.1 – 5.9 3.3 3.0 7.7 5.3

Two or more under 6 only 8.6 .................. – – .4 .4 .9 4.0 – 2.7 1.1 1.6 4.5 2.5

Two or more under 6, one or more 6 to 17 6.1 ... – – .4 1.0 .4 2.4 – 1.6 2.1 1.0 2.0 3.2

One or more 6 to 17 only 24.6 .................. .2 .3 1.1 2.4 2.6 7.7 .2 4.6 3.5 4.4 11.7 8.5

Other households with two or more adults 24.9 ...... – – 2.0 1.5 9.6 6.2 1.3 6.2 4.6 5.2 10.6 9.2

One child under 6 only 6.5 ..................... – – – .4 2.8 1.8 .7 1.8 .9 2.0 2.2 2.3

One under 6, one or more 6 to 17 ........... 3.9 – – .3 .4 1.1 .9 – 1.1 .6 .7 2.0 1.3

Two or more under 6 only 1.4 .................. – – – – .5 .3 .2 .5 .5 .2 .9 .2

Two or more under 6, one or more 6 to 17 1.5 ... – – .2 – .4 .2 – .4 .5 .7 .2 .6

One or more 6 to 17 only 11.6 .................. – – 1.5 .7 4.8 3.1 .4 2.4 2.2 1.6 5.3 4.8

Households with one adult or none 44.7 ............ .2 – 1.3 4.2 18.1 7.3 .7 13.4 15.2 16.1 17.2 11.4

One child under 6 only 3.9 ..................... – – .5 .4 1.6 .7 – .7 .9 1.8 1.3 .8

One under 6, one or more 6 to 17 4.3 ........... – – – .4 1.8 1.1 – 2.0 2.3 1.6 1.4 1.3

Two or more under 6 only 1.2 .................. – – – .5 .2 .9 – .2 .7 .5 .7 –

Two or more under 6, one or more 6 to 17 1.1 ... – – .2 – 1.1 – – .2 .9 .9 – .2

One or more 6 to 17 only 34.2 .................. .2 – .6 2.9 13.4 4.5 .7 10.3 10.4 11.3 13.9 9.0

Total households with no children 208.8 ............... 2.4 2.1 8.7 13.2 39.8 22.4 33.9 61.2 35.9 55.6 91.3 61.9

Married couples 41.7 ............................ .9 .6 .4 .9 4.9 6.7 7.1 11.1 4.2 7.6 19.7 14.4

Other households with two or more adults 58.6 ...... .2 .3 2.2 3.6 10.0 7.9 3.6 22.9 8.8 16.7 26.2 15.7

Households with one adult 108.5 ................... 1.3 1.2 6.1 8.6 24.9 7.8 23.2 27.1 22.9 31.3 45.4 31.8

102 AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 4~9. Household CompositionmRenter Occupied UnitsmCon.

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Selected subareas1

Physical problems

Total

occupied

units

New

con~

struction

4 years

Mobile

homes Severe Moderate Black Hispanic

Elderly

(65 years

and over)

Moved in

past year

Below

poverty

level Area one Area two Area three

Own Never Married Children Under 18

Years Old

No own children under 18 years 231.7 ................ 2.7 2.5 9.4 15.8 48.1 26.6 36.3 67.8 42.9 63.0 99.4 69.2

With own children under 18 years 115.4 ............... .2 .3 5.4 10.4 25.5 32.4 .3 33.5 24.3 26.5 51.3 37.6

Under 6 years only 30.2 .......................... – .3 1.5 2.7 4.7 9.5 – 10.4 4.0 7.7 13.4 9.2

1 19.6 ....................................... – .3 1.1 1.7 3.4 4.5 – 7.2 1.9 5.3 7.8 6.5

2 10.0 ....................................... – – .4 .9 1.3 4.3 – 3.0 1.8 2.3 5.2 2.5

3 or more .7 ................................ – – – – – .7 – .2 .2 – .5 .2

6 to 17 years only 57.5 ........................... .2 – 3.3 4.6 16.1 14.5 .3 13.4 11.7 12.5 27.1 17.9

1 31.6 ....................................... – – 2.0 2.4 9.9 5.9 .3 8.4 6.3 6.7 14.9 9.9

2 18.1 ....................................... .2 – 1.1 1.6 5.3 5.4 – 3.2 2.6 4.9 8.7 4.5

3 or more 7.8 ................................ – – .2 .6 .9 3.3 – 1.8 2.8 .9 3.5 3.4

Both age groups 27.6 ............................ – – .6 3.1 4.7 8.4 – 9.7 8.6 6.3 10.8 10.5

2 12.0 ....................................... – – – 1.5 2.3 3.0 – 5.0 2.2 2.0 5.6 4.5

3 or more 15.6 ................................ – – .6 1.6 2.5 5.5 – 4.7 6.4 4.3 5.3 6.0

Persons Other Than Spouse or

Children2

With other relatives 58.6 ................... – .6 3.7 5.6 17.4 14.0 6.9 12.0 13.2 15.9 24.4 18.3 Single adult offspring 18 to 29 24.1 .................. – – 1.8 1.5 7.7 3.9 1.1 3.2 5.0 4.4 10.3 9.4 Single adult offspring 30 years of age or over 8.4 ..... – – .7 .7 2.2 2.1 4.0 .7 1.5 2.3 3.2 2.9 Households with three generations 9.2 .............. – – 1.1 1.5 3.9 2.0 1.1 1.3 2.7 2.7 3.9 2.6 Households with 1 subfamily 8.1 ................... – – .7 1.5 3.5 1.8 1.1 1.6 2.0 1.8 4.2 2.1 Subfamily householder age under 30 4.9 .......... – – .5 .4 2.7 1.2 .2 1.1 1.3 1.4 2.4 1.1 30 to 64 3.0 ................................... – – .2 1.1 .8 .6 .9 .4 .4 .2 1.7 1.1 65 and over .2 ................................ – – – – – – – – .2 .2 – – Households with 2 or more subfamilies .4 .......... – – – .2 – .2 – – – – .2 .2 Households with other types of relatives 27.9 ......... – .6 2.0 3.1 8.6 7.6 2.7 7.8 7.9 9.3 11.1 7.5 With non~relatives 59.4 ..................... .2 .3 2.2 2.8 8.8 11.3 1.1 23.9 8.1 13.8 27.3 18.2 Co~owners or co~renters 27.4 ....................... .2 – 1.5 .9 3.0 4.5 .2 14.0 4.1 6.4 12.7 8.3 Lodgers 18.0 ..................................... – .3 .7 1.1 2.8 4.8 .2 6.0 2.0 4.4 9.3 4.2 Unrelated children, under 18 years old 4.9 ........... – – .2 .2 1.8 1.6 .2 1.2 1.2 .7 2.7 1.5 Other non~relatives 15.3 ............................ – – – .8 2.8 3.0 .7 5.2 1.5 3.2 5.6 6.5 One or more secondary families 1.6 ................ – – – – .2 1.1 – .7 .3 .2 .7 .7 2~person households, none related to each other 33.0 . – .3 .9 1.7 3.8 3.7 .4 15.7 4.6 7.4 15.9 9.8 3~8 person households, none related to each

other 8.7 ....................................... .2 – .4 .4 .2 1.4 .7 3.7 1.3 2.9 3.5 2.3

Educational Attainment of the

Householder

Less than 9th grade 24.2 ........................... – .6 1.3 2.1 3.3 13.8 4.8 5.8 9.2 9.8 6.0 8.4 9th to 12th grade, no diploma 44.3 .................. .7 .3 1.8 4.7 16.5 9.2 8.0 11.6 15.2 16.1 12.9 15.3 High school graduate (includes equivalency) 81.3 ..... .7 1.6 2.8 6.0 17.7 16.1 10.2 20.9 16.0 15.4 39.3 26.5 Additional vocational training 12.3 ................. .5 .3 .4 1.3 3.0 1.5 1.7 3.1 1.5 1.7 6.3 4.2 Some college, no degree 73.5 ...................... .5 .3 3.3 6.0 18.0 10.8 6.6 21.5 13.8 17.2 36.6 19.8 Associate degree 25.5 ............................. .2 – 1.8 1.8 6.2 2.6 1.3 9.0 2.8 4.3 13.7 7.4 Bachelor’s degree 63.8 ............................ .2 – 3.4 3.6 8.6 5.0 3.8 20.2 5.8 17.2 26.9 19.7 Graduate or professional degree 34.5 ................ .7 – .5 2.0 3.2 1.5 1.8 12.3 4.5 9.5 15.3 9.7 Percent high school graduate or higher 83.8 .......... 93.2 79.0 82.0 79.1 77.3 63.6 69.6 86.0 65.9 72.9 91.7 81.8 Percent bachelor’s degree or higher 28.3 ............. 30.9 – 25.9 21.2 16.2 11.0 15.2 32.1 15.3 29.8 28.0 27.5

Year Householder Moved Into Unit

2000 to 2004 – ................................. – – – –– – – – – – – –

1995 to 1999 220.5 ................................. 2.9 1.2 10.3 14.7 42.1 40.8 9.8 101.3 39.5 52.5 95.8 72.1

1990 to 1994 73.8 ................................. – .9 2.9 6.0 18.5 12.2 10.6 ... 15.4 21.8 32.1 19.9

1985 to 1989 23.1 ................................. – .3 1.1 2.3 6.4 2.5 4.8 ... 4.3 6.2 9.2 7.7

1980 to 1984 11.7 ................................. – – .2 1.3 2.1 1.7 3.7 ... 3.0 3.3 5.7 2.7

1975 to 1979 8.0 ................................. – – – .9 1.1 .7 2.4 ... 1.7 1.7 3.9 2.4

1970 to 1974 5.6 ................................. – – .2 .4 2.3 .4 2.7 ... 1.6 2.5 2.5 .6

1960 to 1969 3.3 ................................. – – – .5 .9 .2 1.7 ... .9 1.1 1.1 1.0

1950 to 1959 .9 ................................. – – – – .2 .2 .4 ... .9 .4 – .4

1940 to 1949 .3 ................................. – .3 – – – .3 .3 ... – – .3 –

1939 or earlier – ................................ – – – – – – – ... – – – –

Median 1995+ ...................................... ... ... 1995+ 1995+ 1995+ 1995+ 1991 1995+ 1995+ 1995+ 1995+ 1995+

Household Moves and Formation in Last

Year

Total with a move in last year 136.0 ........... 1.5 1.6 4.2 9.0 23.8 26.2 5.7 101.3 25.1 31.6 60.9 43.5

Household all moved here from one unit 81.1 ......... 1.5 1.2 1.9 5.1 16.4 14.8 3.5 81.1 15.8 20.5 33.8 26.9

Householder of previous unit did not move

here ... ...................................... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Householder of previous unit moved here ... ...... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Householder of previous unit not reported ... ...... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Household moved here from two or more units 15.0 ... – – .2 .9 1.6 3.5 – 15.0 3.1 2.7 7.5 4.9

No previous householder moved here ... ......... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

1 previous householder moved here ... ........... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

2 or more previous householders moved here ... .. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Previous householder(s) not reported ... ......... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Some already here, rest moved in 39.8 .............. – .3 2.0 3.1 5.9 7.9 2.2 5.1 6.1 8.4 19.7 11.7

No previous householder moved here ... ......... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 1 or more previous householders moved here ... .. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Previous householder(s) not reported ... ......... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Number of previous units not reported – ........... – – – –– – – – – – – –

1See back cover for details.

2Figures may not add to total because more than one category may apply to a unit.

AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998 103

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 4~10. Previous Unit of Recent MoversmRenter Occupied Units

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Selected subareas1

Physical problems

Total

occupied

units

New

con~

struction

4 years

Mobile

homes Severe Moderate Black Hispanic

Elderly

(65 years

and over)

Moved in

past year

Below

poverty

level Area one Area two Area three

UNITS WHERE HOUSEHOLDER MOVED

DURING PAST YEAR

Total 96.3 ................................ 1.5 1.2 2.4 6.4 18.9 17.3 3.5 96.3 18.6 22.8 41.8 31.8

Location of Previous Unit

Inside same PMSA ... ............................ ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

In central city(s) ... ............................ ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Not in central city(s) ... ......................... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Inside different PMSA in same state ... ............. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

In central city(s) ... ............................ ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Not in central city(s) ... ......................... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Inside different PMSA in different state ... .......... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

In central city(s) ... ............................ ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Not in central city(s) ... ......................... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Outside any metropolitan area ... .................. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Same state ... ................................ ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Different state ... .............................. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Different nation ... ............................... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Structure Type of Previous Residence

Moved from within United States 96.3 ........ 1.5 1.2 2.4 6.4 18.9 17.3 3.5 96.3 18.6 22.8 41.8 31.8

House 40.7 ....................................... .4 .9 .9 1.6 5.5 9.0 2.4 40.7 6.9 7.4 20.5 12.8

Apartment 43.8 ................................... .6 – .9 3.5 11.1 6.8 .7 43.8 8.0 12.1 16.4 15.3

Mobile home .6 ................................. .2 – – – – .2 .2 .6 .2 – .4 .2

Other 6.0 ....................................... – – .4 .4 1.2 .4 – 6.0 1.8 1.9 2.8 1.2

Not reported 5.3 ................................. .2 .3 .2 .9 1.1 .9 .2 5.3 1.7 1.3 1.7 2.2

Tenure of Previous Residence

House, apt., mobile home in United

States 85.1 .............................. 1.3 .9 1.8 5.1 16.6 16.0 3.3 85.1 15.0 19.5 37.3 28.3 Owner occupied 18.7 .............................. .4 .6 .2 .7 2.4 3.1 2.0 18.7 2.8 2.4 10.2 6.0 Renter occupied 66.5 .............................. .8 .3 1.6 4.3 14.2 13.0 1.3 66.5 12.2 17.1 27.1 22.3

Persons m Previous Residence

House, apt., mobile home in United

States 85.1 .............................. 1.3 .9 1.8 5.1 16.6 16.0 3.3 85.1 15.0 19.5 37.3 28.3 1 person 11.6 ..................................... .6 – .7 .4 2.7 .9 1.0 11.6 .6 3.1 4.7 3.8 2 persons 22.7 .................................... .7 .3 .5 1.9 4.2 2.7 .9 22.7 2.3 5.1 9.6 8.0 3 persons 19.3 .................................... – .6 .4 1.2 4.6 3.6 .4 19.3 3.3 4.1 8.9 6.3 4 persons 15.0 .................................... – – – .8 3.0 4.8 – 15.0 3.7 3.2 7.9 4.0 5 persons 5.3 .................................... – – – .2 .4 1.5 – 5.3 1.5 1.1 2.4 1.8 6 persons 3.0 .................................... – – – .2 .7 .7 .2 3.0 .2 .3 .7 2.0 7 persons or more 3.8 ............................ – – – – .2 1.9 .2 3.8 2.1 1.2 1.5 1.1 Not reported 4.5 ................................. – – .2 .2 .6 – .5 4.5 1.3 1.5 1.7 1.3 Median 2.8 ...................................... ... ... ... ... 2.7 3.7 ... 2.8 3.7 2.7 2.9 2.8

Previous Home Owned or Rented by

Someone Who Moved Here

House, apt., mobile home in United

States 85.1 .............................. 1.3 .9 1.8 5.1 16.6 16.0 3.3 85.1 15.0 19.5 37.3 28.3

Owned or rented by a mover 66.5 ................... 1.3 .6 1.6 4.0 13.6 12.6 2.4 66.5 10.9 15.4 29.1 22.0

Owned or rented by other 16.1 ...................... – .3 – 1.1 2.6 3.5 .7 16.1 3.7 3.3 7.4 5.4 By a relative 9.4 ................................ – – – .4 .8 3.0 .2 9.4 2.6 1.5 5.3 2.6 By a nonrelative 6.7 ............................ – .3 – .7 1.8 .4 .5 6.7 1.1 1.8 2.0 2.9 Not reported – ............................... – – – –– – – – – – – – Not reported 2.5 ................................. – – .2 – .4 – .2 2.5 .4 .8 .8 .9

Change in Housing Costs

House, apt., mobile home in United

States 85.1 .............................. 1.3 .9 1.8 5.1 16.6 16.0 3.3 85.1 15.0 19.5 37.3 28.3 Increased with move 49.4 .......................... .7 .3 .6 3.2 7.6 10.4 1.8 49.4 9.0 9.9 22.4 17.1 Decreased 18.1 ................................... – .3 .3 .9 5.3 2.7 .2 18.1 3.0 5.2 8.3 4.5 Stayed about the same 14.1 ........................ .4 .3 .7 .7 3.0 2.6 .8 14.1 2.2 3.3 5.6 5.2 Don’t know 1.3 ................................... .2 – – .2 .2 .4 .2 1.3 .6 .2 .4 .6

Not reported 2.3 ................................. – – .2 – .4 – .2 2.3 .2 .8 .6 .9

1See back cover for details.

104 AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 4~11. Reasons for Move and Choice of Current ResidencemRenter Occupied Units

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Selected subareas1

Physical problems

Total

occupied

units

New

con~

struction

4 years

Mobile

homes Severe Moderate Black Hispanic

Elderly

(65 years

and over)

Moved in

past year

Below

poverty

level Area one Area two Area three

RESPONDENT MOVED DURING PAST

YEAR

Total 105.0 ................................ 1.5 1.2 2.8 6.6 19.1 19.1 4.0 101.0 20.5 25.2 45.2 34.5

Reasons for Leaving Previous Unit2

Private displacement 7.8 .......................... – – – 1.3 2.1 1.1 .2 7.7 1.6 1.4 3.5 2.9

Owner to move into unit 4.1 ..................... – – – 1.3 1.3 .4 – 4.1 .7 .5 1.8 1.9

To be converted to condominium or

cooperative – ............................... – – – –– – – – – – – –

Closed for repairs – ........................... – – – –– – – – – – – –

Other 3.8 ..................................... – – – – .9 .7 .2 3.6 .9 .9 1.7 1.1

Not reported – ............................... – – – –– – – – – – – –

Government displacement .2 ..................... – – – – – – – .2 – – .2 –

Government wanted building or land – .......... – – – –– – – – – – – –

Unit unfit for occupancy – ...................... – – – –– – – – – – – –

Other .2 ..................................... – – – – – – – .2 – – .2 –

Not reported – ............................... – – – –– – – – – – – –

Disaster loss (fire, flood, etc.) .6 ................... – – – – – – – .6 – .2 .4 –

New job or job transfer 17.7 ........................ .2 .3 .5 .7 1.6 3.7 – 16.6 2.5 3.2 7.5 7.0

To be closer to work/school/other 15.5 ............... .2 – .4 .2 2.0 2.0 – 14.9 3.5 3.1 6.0 6.4

Other, financial/employment related 12.3 ............. .2 .3 .6 .7 2.4 2.2 – 11.5 1.5 2.2 5.5 4.6

To establish own household 14.5 .................... .2 – – 1.1 2.0 3.4 – 14.5 3.8 4.2 6.4 3.9

Needed larger house or apartment 13.6 .............. – – – .8 3.6 2.4 – 13.4 2.2 3.7 5.2 4.8

Married 1.3 ...................................... – – – – .3 .7 – 1.3 – .2 .7 .4

Widowed, divorced or separated 2.6 ................ – – – – .6 .2 .4 2.6 .2 – 1.7 .9

Other, family/person related 11.9 .................... .4 – – 1.3 2.9 2.2 2.0 10.4 1.8 2.0 3.8 6.1

Wanted better home 11.2 .......................... – .3 .2 .7 3.3 1.8 – 11.2 2.5 2.7 3.2 5.4

Change from owner to renter 2.0 ................... – – – – .5 – .2 2.0 – .2 1.1 .7

Change from renter to owner – ................... – – – –– – – – – – – –

Wanted lower rent or maintenance 6.9 .............. – .3 .2 .2 1.9 .7 .2 6.9 2.1 2.5 2.5 1.9

Other housing related reasons 7.6 .................. .2 – – .6 1.7 .9 – 7.4 1.3 2.7 1.8 3.1

Other 16.0 ....................................... .2 – .4 1.9 3.2 1.7 1.1 15.4 3.7 3.6 7.9 4.5

Not reported 8.2 ................................. .2 .3 .4 .7 1.3 .7 .4 8.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 3.7

Main Reason for Leaving Previous Unit

All reported reasons equal 6.3 ..................... – .3 .2 .2 1.3 .7 – 6.3 1.8 1.3 2.7 2.2

Private displacement 3.0 .......................... – – – .4 .4 .2 – 3.0 .5 .7 1.3 1.1

Government displacement .2 ..................... – – – – – – – .2 – – .2 –

Disaster loss (fire, flood, etc.) .6 ................... – – – – – – – .6 – .2 .4 –

New job or job transfer 14.6 ........................ – .3 .5 .5 1.3 3.0 – 13.5 2.0 2.9 6.6 5.1

To be closer to work/school/other 7.3 ............... .2 – .4 – 1.0 1.3 – 7.3 2.2 2.2 3.3 1.9

Other, financial/employment related 6.7 ............. .2 – .4 .4 1.3 1.5 – 6.3 1.1 1.3 3.1 2.3

To establish own household 9.5 .................... .2 – – .9 1.4 2.5 – 9.5 2.5 3.2 4.3 2.0

Needed larger house or apartment 9.2 .............. – – – .8 2.4 2.0 – 9.2 1.3 3.2 3.6 2.4

Married, widowed, divorced, or separated 4.7 ........ – .3 .3 .2 1.3 .9 .2 4.7 .4 .4 2.6 1.7

Other, family/personal related 6.8 .................. .4 – – .4 .9 1.5 1.7 5.5 .7 .9 2.6 3.3

Wanted better home 3.7 .......................... – – .2 .2 1.1 1.4 – 3.7 .9 .9 1.1 1.7

Change from owner to renter or renter to owner 1.3 ... – – – – .2 – .2 1.3 – .2 .9 .2

Wanted lower rent or maintenance 4.1 .............. – – – – 1.5 .4 .2 4.1 1.4 1.6 1.6 .9

Other housing related reasons 4.5 .................. .2 – – .2 1.1 .7 – 4.3 .6 1.3 1.3 1.8

Other 11.0 ....................................... – – .4 .9 1.8 1.5 1.1 10.5 2.2 2.2 5.8 2.9

Not reported 11.3 ................................. .2 .3 .4 1.3 2.0 1.5 .4 10.8 3.0 2.4 3.8 5.0

Choice of Present Neighborhood2

Convenient to job 31.2 ............................. .2 .6 .7 1.5 5.1 4.0 – 30.5 3.2 6.9 12.1 12.1

Convenient to friends or relatives 20.3 ............... – .6 .4 1.5 3.5 4.7 1.1 19.1 3.7 3.1 8.7 8.4

Convenient to leisure activities 11.2 .................. – .3 .2 1.6 1.8 1.1 .4 11.2 1.1 2.4 3.1 5.7

Convenient to public transportation 15.1 .............. – .3 .5 1.3 4.0 2.2 .4 15.1 2.1 4.6 4.4 6.1

Good schools 10.8 ................................ .2 .3 .4 .2 1.4 1.3 – 10.4 2.4 2.0 4.8 4.0

Other public services 9.2 .......................... – .3 .2 1.1 2.8 1.3 – 9.2 1.5 2.3 4.0 2.9

Looks/design of neighborhood 21.1 .................. .4 .3 – 1.5 2.4 3.9 .4 20.7 2.0 3.3 8.7 9.1

House was most important consideration 19.8 ........ – .3 .7 1.3 1.9 3.8 .9 19.2 3.6 4.3 7.7 7.8

Other 21.5 ....................................... .2 – .2 1.7 4.5 3.3 .9 21.0 4.8 5.9 11.4 4.1

Not reported 19.2 ................................. .6 .6 .6 1.6 3.6 2.3 .9 18.4 4.3 3.8 6.1 9.3

Main Reason for Choice of Present

Neighborhood

All reported reasons equal 10.0 ..................... – .3 – .9 2.6 1.1 .4 10.0 1.8 2.9 3.1 3.9

Convenient to job 17.8 ............................. – – .7 .4 3.0 2.7 – 17.4 1.3 4.2 7.1 6.5

Convenient to friends or relatives 9.7 ............... – .3 .2 .6 1.5 3.2 .7 8.5 2.1 1.8 4.3 3.6

Convenient to leisure activities 2.1 .................. – – – .2 .3 .4 .2 2.1 .5 1.0 .6 .4

Convenient to public transportation 2.4 .............. – – – – .7 .3 .2 2.4 .2 1.2 .7 .6

Good schools 4.3 ................................ .2 – .4 – .6 .7 – 3.9 1.3 .6 2.2 1.5

Other public services 2.4 .......................... – – – .2 .2 .9 – 2.4 1.1 .2 2.0 .2

Looks/design of neighborhood 7.2 .................. .4 – – .5 1.3 1.3 .2 6.9 1.1 1.3 3.0 2.8

House was most important consideration 11.3 ........ – – .7 .6 1.5 2.9 .5 10.8 2.2 3.0 5.3 3.0 Other 18.6 ....................................... .2 – .2 1.5 3.8 3.3 .9 18.2 4.5 5.3 10.8 2.6 Not reported 19.2 ................................. .6 .6 .6 1.6 3.6 2.3 .9 18.4 4.3 3.8 6.1 9.3

Neighborhood Search

Looked at just this neighborhood 37.6 ................ .6 .6 .9 2.3 5.6 8.7 1.7 35.5 9.2 11.2 14.8 11.6

Looked at other neighborhood(s) 59.6 ............... .7 .3 1.5 3.6 11.9 9.6 1.8 58.0 9.0 11.8 27.7 20.1

Not reported 7.8 ................................. .2 .3 .4 .7 1.5 .9 .4 7.6 2.4 2.2 2.7 2.9

Choice of Present Home2

Financial reasons 39.6 ............................. .6 .6 1.1 2.2 7.3 6.5 .9 38.1 6.2 8.6 16.8 14.2 Room layout/design 23.8 ........................... .7 – – 1.1 4.2 3.6 .2 23.6 3.4 5.9 9.1 8.8 Kitchen 6.4 ...................................... – .3 – .2 .6 .2 – 6.2 .2 .5 2.2 3.8 Size 25.4 ......................................... .4 – .2 1.7 5.8 4.9 .7 24.7 4.2 7.6 9.5 8.3

Exterior appearance 12.1 ........................... .2 .3 .2 .2 2.2 .8 .9 11.4 1.3 1.6 4.1 6.4

Yard/trees/view 10.1 ............................... .2 – – .4 1.0 .2 1.1 9.9 .6 1.5 3.4 5.2

Quality of construction 7.8 ......................... .4 .3 .5 – 1.1 .2 .2 7.4 .7 1.4 2.6 3.8

Only one available 16.1 ............................ – – .9 1.7 2.4 2.5 .7 15.5 2.6 3.2 8.0 4.9

Other 17.1 ....................................... .2 .3 .4 .9 2.1 3.7 .7 16.4 4.2 4.1 9.1 3.9

AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998 105

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 4~11. Reasons for Move and Choice of Current ResidencemRenter Occupied UnitsmCon.

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Selected subareas1

Physical problems

Total

occupied

units

New

con~

struction

4 years

Mobile

homes Severe Moderate Black Hispanic

Elderly

(65 years

and over)

Moved in

past year

Below

poverty

level Area one Area two Area three

RESPONDENT MOVED DURING PAST

YEARmCon.

Main Reason for Choice of Present

Home

All reported reasons equal 10.2 ..................... .2 .3 – 1.1 1.8 1.6 .4 10.2 1.6 2.3 3.9 4.0 Financial reasons 26.3 ............................. .2 .3 1.1 1.6 5.3 4.9 .5 25.2 4.4 6.1 12.2 7.9 Room layout/design 10.9 ........................... .2 – – – 1.5 2.0 – 10.9 1.6 2.9 4.6 3.4 Kitchen .4 ...................................... – – – – .2 – – .4 – – .2 .2 Size 10.1 ......................................... – – – .6 2.9 3.1 – 9.9 2.4 3.5 4.2 2.4 Exterior appearance 1.8 ........................... .2 – – – .2 .4 – 1.8 – .5 .4 .9 Yard/trees/view 1.7 ............................... .2 – – – .2 .2 .2 1.7 – .2 .2 1.3 Quality of construction .6 ......................... – – .2 – .4 – .2 .4 – .2 .2 .2 Only one available 13.0 ............................ – – .7 1.5 2.0 2.2 .7 12.5 2.4 2.5 6.7 3.9 Other 13.7 ....................................... .2 .3 .2 .9 1.6 2.8 .7 13.2 3.5 2.9 7.3 3.4 Not reported 16.1 ................................. .2 .3 .6 .9 2.9 1.8 1.3 14.8 4.6 4.0 5.2 6.9

Home Search

Now in house 45.7 ................................ 1.1 ... .6 2.1 6.1 8.3 .9 43.4 7.4 5.1 18.8 21.8 Did not look at apartments 29.5 ................... .4 ... .2 1.1 4.6 4.7 .9 27.3 5.0 3.1 12.5 13.8 Looked at apartments too 12.1 .................... .4 ... .2 1.1 1.3 2.7 – 12.1 1.1 1.6 4.8 5.7 Search not reported 4.1 ......................... .2 ... .2 – .2 .9 – 3.9 1.3 .5 1.5 2.2 Now in mobile home 1.2 .......................... – 1.2 – .3 – .3 – 1.2 – – .3 .9 Did not look at apartments .3 ................... – .3 – – – – – .3 – – .3 – Looked at apartments too .6 .................... – .6 – .3 – .3 – .6 – – – .6 Search not reported .3 ......................... – .3 – – – – – .3 – – – .3 Now in apartment 58.0 ............................. .4 ... 2.2 4.1 13.0 10.5 3.1 56.4 13.1 20.1 26.1 11.8 Did not look at houses 32.8 ....................... .4 ... .4 2.6 6.5 7.2 2.2 31.9 8.0 10.9 15.3 6.6 Looked at houses too 19.4 ....................... – ... .9 .7 4.9 3.1 .4 19.0 3.9 7.0 8.7 3.7 Search not reported 5.8 ......................... – ... .9 .9 1.6 .2 .4 5.5 1.3 2.2 2.1 1.5

Recent Mover Comparison to Previous

Home

Better home 45.2 .................................. .9 .3 .7 2.6 6.5 8.0 1.3 43.9 9.3 10.4 19.8 15.0

Worse home 29.1 ................................. – .6 .9 2.4 5.1 6.2 .9 27.8 4.5 6.0 14.6 8.5

About the same 22.1 .............................. .2 – .9 .6 5.5 4.3 1.1 21.0 4.6 6.1 8.1 7.8

Not reported 8.5 ................................. .4 .3 .4 .9 2.0 .7 .6 8.2 2.1 2.7 2.7 3.1

Recent Mover Comparison to Previous

Neighborhood

Better neighborhood 34.1 .......................... .4 .3 .5 1.7 4.6 6.2 .9 32.8 8.7 6.9 15.5 11.7 Worse neighborhood 20.5 .......................... .2 .3 .5 1.5 4.2 4.7 .7 19.6 2.8 6.2 8.7 5.6 About the same 38.0 .............................. .5 .3 .7 2.4 7.6 6.1 1.8 36.9 5.7 7.9 17.2 12.9 Same neighborhood 3.9 ........................... – – .8 – .6 1.4 – 3.5 .9 1.4 1.3 1.3 Not reported 8.5 ................................. .4 .3 .4 .9 2.0 .7 .6 8.2 2.4 2.9 2.5 3.1

1See back cover for details.

2Figures may not add to total because more than one category may apply to a unit.

106 AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 4~12. Income CharacteristicsmRenter Occupied Units

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Selected subareas1

Physical problems

Total

occupied

units

New

con~

struction

4 years

Mobile

homes Severe Moderate Black Hispanic

Elderly

(65 years

and over)

Moved in

past year

Below

poverty

level Area one Area two Area three

Total 347.1 ................................ 2.9 2.8 14.8 26.2 73.5 59.0 36.6 101.3 67.2 89.5 150.8 106.8

Household Income

Less than $5,000 28.2 ............................. .4 .3 1.8 2.3 7.3 3.9 5.5 8.8 28.2 9.7 10.1 8.4

$5,000 to $9,999 31.1 ............................. .4 .3 2.0 3.4 10.1 4.6 8.2 8.5 24.7 11.8 10.9 8.4

$10,000 to $14,999 24.3 ........................... – – 1.0 1.5 7.3 4.1 5.9 6.9 8.2 7.4 10.5 6.5

$15,000 to $19,999 27.4 ........................... .2 – 1.3 3.1 6.5 6.3 3.3 7.4 4.1 9.3 10.1 8.0

$20,000 to $24,999 26.9 ........................... – .6 2.6 2.7 4.8 9.2 3.6 7.0 1.6 9.4 8.0 9.5

$25,000 to $29,999 24.6 ........................... – .3 1.8 2.4 8.4 4.4 2.0 8.1 .5 7.9 10.2 6.5

$30,000 to $34,999 23.8 ........................... – 1.0 – 1.5 5.0 4.8 1.1 6.9 – 5.6 10.0 8.1

$35,000 to $39,999 18.6 ........................... – – .2 2.4 3.7 3.0 1.7 3.3 – 3.9 9.8 4.9

$40,000 to $49,999 30.6 ........................... .2 – .5 2.0 4.9 5.4 2.2 9.8 – 3.9 16.8 9.9

$50,000 to $59,999 32.9 ........................... – .3 .7 1.4 4.7 3.4 .6 8.8 – 7.6 15.3 10.0

$60,000 to $79,999 43.4 ........................... .7 – 1.9 2.2 6.7 4.5 1.1 13.7 – 7.2 22.4 13.9

$80,000 to $99,999 14.8 ........................... .5 – – .8 1.9 2.6 .5 6.5 – 1.7 6.7 6.4

$100,000 to $119,999 8.1 ......................... .2 – .7 – .7 1.6 .2 2.4 – 1.3 4.3 2.5

$120,000 or more 12.3 ............................. .2 – .4 .4 1.6 1.3 .9 3.3 – 2.8 5.7 3.8

Median 32 329 ...................................... ... ... 22 446 25 034 25 448 26 626 13 928 32 909 6 091 23 495 37 835 33 821

As percent of poverty level:

Less than 50 percent 33.5 .......................... .4 .3 2.0 3.4 9.5 5.0 6.1 10.6 33.5 12.1 11.9 9.5

50 to 99 33.7 ..................................... .2 – 1.7 3.1 9.8 9.2 4.7 9.3 33.7 12.4 12.2 9.1

100 to 149 35.7 ................................... .2 .3 3.0 3.3 8.1 10.3 7.2 8.4 ... 11.3 13.4 11.0

150 to 199 28.6 ................................... .2 .6 .7 2.9 7.0 6.0 3.0 8.6 ... 8.6 11.2 8.8

200 percent or more 215.6 .......................... 1.8 1.6 7.4 13.4 39.1 28.5 15.5 64.5 ... 45.1 102.1 68.4

Income of Families and Primary

Individuals

Less than $5,000 30.8 ............................. .4 .3 1.8 2.6 8.0 4.1 5.9 9.4 28.2 10.2 11.2 9.4

$5,000 to $9,999 33.7 ............................. .4 .3 2.0 3.4 10.1 5.8 8.2 9.4 24.7 12.5 12.0 9.2

$10,000 to $14,999 29.1 ........................... – – 1.0 2.2 8.3 5.5 6.2 7.8 8.2 9.1 11.9 8.2

$15,000 to $19,999 31.5 ........................... .2 – 1.3 3.1 6.9 6.9 3.5 9.6 4.1 10.4 12.3 8.9

$20,000 to $24,999 29.6 ........................... – .6 2.6 3.0 5.1 10.1 3.6 7.9 1.6 10.1 8.8 10.6

$25,000 to $29,999 25.7 ........................... – .3 1.8 2.4 8.4 4.2 2.0 9.0 .5 8.6 11.1 6.0

$30,000 to $34,999 25.8 ........................... – 1.0 – 1.5 5.6 4.3 1.1 7.8 – 6.2 10.3 9.2

$35,000 to $39,999 17.0 ........................... – – .2 2.3 2.8 2.2 1.4 3.8 – 2.8 10.0 4.3

$40,000 to $49,999 29.9 ........................... .2 – .9 1.9 4.7 4.8 2.2 9.3 – 3.1 16.5 10.4

$50,000 to $59,999 29.4 ........................... – .3 .7 1.2 4.2 3.0 .6 6.8 – 6.1 14.2 9.1

$60,000 to $79,999 35.0 ........................... .7 – 1.4 1.5 6.3 3.5 1.1 10.4 – 5.8 18.2 10.9

$80,000 to $99,999 12.2 ........................... .7 – .2 .6 1.0 1.7 .2 5.5 – 1.5 5.5 5.2

$100,000 to $119,999 7.2 ......................... .2 – .7 .2 .9 1.6 – 1.9 – 1.3 3.8 2.1

$120,000 or more 10.1 ............................. – – .2 .2 1.1 1.3 .6 2.9 – 1.9 5.0 3.2

Median 28 670 ...................................... ... ... 22 446 23 173 23 415 23 574 13 419 28 644 6 091 21 307 33 960 30 586

Income Sources of Families and Primary

Individuals2

Wages and salaries 284.0 ........................... 1.8 2.2 11.4 21.3 57.0 53.6 12.1 87.2 31.3 70.4 125.6 87.9 Wages and salaries were majority of income 262.6 ... 1.8 1.9 10.4 18.9 52.2 51.0 7.3 83.4 25.8 64.2 117.7 80.7 2 or more people each earned over 20% of

wages and salaries 61.7 ...................... .7 1.0 3.1 3.4 9.2 15.9 1.8 17.8 2.2 12.0 28.4 21.3 Business, farm, or ranch 26.2 ....................... .7 – .6 2.9 4.6 3.5 1.5 6.2 2.2 6.9 12.5 6.9 Social security or pensions 52.8 ..................... .6 .9 2.0 3.8 14.5 4.3 30.8 7.4 14.1 15.0 21.3 16.4 Interest 91.7 ...................................... .7 .3 1.8 5.9 12.6 8.1 13.7 23.4 7.9 18.9 46.2 26.6 Stock dividend(s) 43.6 ............................. – – .9 2.8 6.3 2.7 5.0 10.2 2.3 9.1 22.4 12.2 Rental income with lodger(s) 9.0 ................... .2 – – .4 1.1 .7 .7 3.1 .7 1.5 4.9 2.6 Welfare or SSI 41.7 ............................... .2 .6 3.1 6.4 18.4 5.3 8.4 8.1 20.4 16.2 13.4 12.1 Alimony or child support 19.7 ....................... .2 .3 .9 .9 5.3 3.1 1.3 5.8 2.8 3.1 6.8 9.7 Other 47.3 ....................................... .2 .6 2.7 6.1 9.8 7.7 5.5 10.7 7.1 10.2 23.4 13.7

Amount of Savings and Investments

Income of $25,000 or less 161.3 ............. 1.1 1.2 8.8 14.9 40.0 33.3 27.8 45.7 66.9 54.4 58.8 48.0 No savings or investments 95.2 ..................... .6 .6 6.5 8.7 27.2 23.9 16.0 26.4 45.1 37.2 30.5 27.5 $25,000 or less 34.8 ............................... – .6 1.0 4.1 6.5 7.0 5.5 11.0 10.2 9.4 16.2 9.1 More than $25,000 9.0 ............................ .2 – – .4 .2 .4 3.7 2.0 1.9 .6 5.8 2.5 Not reported 22.4 ................................. .2 – 1.3 1.7 6.0 2.0 2.6 6.2 9.7 7.2 6.3 8.9

Food Stamps

Income of $25,000 or less 161.3 ............. 1.1 1.2 8.8 14.9 40.0 33.3 27.8 45.7 66.9 54.4 58.8 48.0

Family members received food stamps 21.0 .......... .2 – 1.7 2.9 10.5 4.2 1.3 5.0 14.0 9.8 5.6 5.7

Did not receive food stamps 121.9 .................... .7 1.2 6.4 10.2 23.7 27.3 24.2 35.1 45.2 38.4 49.0 34.5

Not reported 18.4 ................................. .2 – .6 1.7 5.7 1.8 2.2 5.6 7.7 6.2 4.3 7.8

Rent Reductions

No subsidy 271.4 ................................... 1.6 2.5 11.0 20.1 45.9 49.7 23.8 79.1 40.4 64.1 124.1 83.2

Rent control 24.4 ................................ – – .7 2.4 3.5 3.3 1.8 7.4 5.3 4.7 18.4 1.3

No rent control 245.2 ............................. 1.6 2.5 10.3 17.6 42.0 46.3 22.0 70.8 34.6 59.1 104.1 81.9

Reduced by owner 17.8 ........................ – .3 1.4 1.3 3.1 3.4 1.8 3.4 4.1 4.9 6.7 6.1

Not reduced by owner 226.7 ..................... 1.6 2.2 8.9 16.3 38.6 43.0 20.2 67.2 30.2 53.9 97.4 75.4

Owner reduction not reported .6 .............. – – – – .2 – – .2 .2 .2 – .4

Rent control not reported 1.8 .................... – – – – .4 – – .9 .5 .2 1.5 –

Owned by public housing authority 10.1 .............. .4 – .5 .4 5.5 .7 3.4 1.1 4.6 3.7 2.2 4.2 Government subsidy 23.8 .......................... .2 – 1.4 2.9 10.9 2.9 5.9 4.0 12.4 9.3 9.1 5.4 Other, income verification 21.0 ...................... .2 – 1.5 .8 5.1 3.7 1.3 10.8 2.9 4.7 9.3 7.0 Subsidy not reported 20.7 .......................... .4 .3 .4 1.9 6.2 2.2 2.2 6.3 7.0 7.7 6.0 7.0

1See back cover for details.

2Figures may not add to total because more than one category may apply to a unit.

AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998 107

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 4~13. Selected Housing CostsmRenter Occupied Units

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Selected subareas1

Physical problems

Total

occupied

units

New

con~

struction

4 years

Mobile

homes Severe Moderate Black Hispanic

Elderly

(65 years

and over)

Moved in

past year

Below

poverty

level Area one Area two Area three

Total 347.1 ................................ 2.9 2.8 14.8 26.2 73.5 59.0 36.6 101.3 67.2 89.5 150.8 106.8

Monthly Housing Costs

Less than $100 2.1 ............................... – .3 – – .5 .7 .7 .3 1.1 .3 1.0 .8

$100 to $199 9.1 ................................. .4 – .3 .7 4.3 1.1 3.7 1.3 6.1 3.9 1.9 3.3

$200 to $249 4.5 ................................. .2 – – 1.1 1.4 .4 1.3 .9 3.4 1.2 .9 2.4

$250 to $299 7.0 ................................. – .3 .5 .7 2.9 .2 2.3 1.3 2.4 2.7 1.8 2.5

$300 to $349 5.4 ................................. – .3 .2 .4 1.8 1.2 1.8 .9 2.0 1.8 2.4 1.1

$350 to $399 8.2 ................................. – – 1.4 1.3 3.3 1.3 1.3 1.1 3.4 4.4 2.3 1.4

$400 to $449 7.2 ................................. – – .4 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.3 3.3 3.0 3.4 .8

$450 to $499 12.9 ................................. – – 1.1 2.6 2.8 3.9 1.5 3.4 3.3 5.5 4.1 3.2

$500 to $599 38.5 ................................. – – 2.5 3.6 9.3 7.8 4.0 9.7 7.6 15.1 14.7 8.7

$600 to $699 43.4 ................................. – 1.3 2.1 3.7 11.4 10.2 3.1 15.1 7.7 13.3 15.6 14.5

$700 to $799 40.9 ................................. .2 .3 1.7 2.8 8.5 7.4 3.6 10.4 6.6 10.8 17.3 12.8

$800 to $999 74.0 ................................. .2 – 2.6 4.0 15.2 12.1 6.4 19.4 7.9 12.7 36.8 24.5

$1,000 to $1,249 44.2 ............................. .5 – .2 1.7 5.1 6.1 2.4 16.0 4.9 6.2 26.4 11.6

$1,250 to $1,499 22.9 ............................. .4 – .7 .9 2.6 2.6 1.3 9.2 2.6 3.8 12.4 6.8

$1,500 or more 17.6 ............................... .7 – .2 .4 .5 1.7 .8 9.1 1.5 1.6 7.2 8.9

No cash rent 9.2 ................................. .2 .3 1.0 .9 2.7 .7 1.0 1.8 3.4 3.3 2.5 3.3

Median (excludes no cash rent) 775 ............... ... ... 632 625 668 711 594 841 591 639 847 800

Monthly Housing Costs as Percent of

Current Income2

Less than 5 percent 2.2 ........................... – – – – .2 – .4 .5 – .4 1.1 .7

5 to 9 percent 10.3 ................................ .2 – .9 1.3 3.8 2.0 .9 2.4 .2 4.0 4.0 2.3

10 to 14 percent 26.3 .............................. – .6 .9 1.3 4.3 4.0 1.8 5.0 .5 5.4 12.2 8.7

15 to 19 percent 46.0 .............................. .7 .3 1.2 2.9 7.9 6.6 .9 14.0 1.6 9.6 22.4 14.0

20 to 24 percent 42.1 .............................. .2 – 1.5 2.3 8.1 5.3 4.4 11.2 1.6 7.6 21.6 12.9

25 to 29 percent 34.3 .............................. .7 .6 1.0 3.4 8.3 5.9 2.0 11.4 1.8 8.1 13.6 12.6

30 to 34 percent 35.3 .............................. .2 – 2.1 2.7 9.1 7.8 4.8 10.0 4.8 11.1 13.8 10.4

35 to 39 percent 22.0 .............................. – – .2 1.6 4.2 4.8 2.1 6.0 1.5 5.7 10.4 5.9

40 to 49 percent 31.8 .............................. .2 .6 2.8 3.7 6.2 6.3 3.6 9.4 3.8 8.2 12.7 11.0

50 to 59 percent 19.0 .............................. – – .7 1.1 3.8 5.1 1.5 5.0 5.1 6.2 8.3 4.5

60 to 69 percent 10.9 .............................. – – .2 1.1 3.1 1.8 1.7 4.2 3.7 3.6 4.6 2.7

70 to 99 percent 18.2 .............................. – – 1.1 .2 2.7 3.2 4.5 5.9 7.2 4.4 8.3 5.5

100 percent or more3.......................... 28.3 .2 .3 1.0 3.2 7.4 4.6 5.4 10.1 21.9 9.5 10.2 8.5

Zero or negative income 11.1 ....................... .2 – .2 .4 1.7 1.1 1.5 4.3 10.2 2.2 5.1 3.8

No cash rent 9.2 ................................. .2 .3 1.0 .9 2.7 .7 1.0 1.8 3.4 3.3 2.5 3.3

Median (excludes 2 previous lines) 30 ........... ... ... 33 32 31 33 39 32 79 33 29 29

Median (excludes 3 lines before medians) 28 ..... ... ... 32 29 29 32 34 29 50 31 27 28

Rent Paid by Lodgers

Lodgers in housing units 18.0 ............... – .3 .7 1.1 2.8 4.8 .2 6.0 2.0 4.4 9.3 4.2

Less than $100 per month .2 ..................... – – – – – .2 – – – – – .2

$100 to $199 .8 ................................. – – – – – .6 – .4 – .4 – .4

$200 to $299 3.6 ................................. – .3 – .4 1.0 .7 – 1.0 .2 .9 1.9 .7

$300 to $399 3.5 ................................. – – – .4 .9 1.1 – 1.5 .5 1.3 1.1 1.1

$400 or more per month 9.2 ....................... – – .7 .2 .6 2.1 .2 2.7 1.1 1.8 5.9 1.5

Not reported .6 ................................. – – – – .2 – – .4 .2 – .4 .2

Median 400+ ...................................... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 3 915 ... ... 400+ ...

Monthly Cost Paid for Electricity

Electricity used 346.7 ....................... 2.9 2.8 14.4 26.2 73.5 58.8 36.6 101.1 67.2 89.5 150.6 106.6

Less than $25 103.5 ................................ .5 1.0 2.3 6.5 22.0 16.8 12.8 27.2 17.1 30.2 50.2 23.0

$25 to $49 107.5 ................................... .9 .6 3.9 8.5 22.5 21.6 7.9 27.8 21.9 23.6 44.6 39.3

$50 to $74 39.6 ................................... .4 – 1.2 1.9 7.4 4.8 3.3 14.5 6.3 7.7 18.2 13.7

$75 to $99 13.1 ................................... .2 – .4 1.3 3.1 2.4 .4 4.8 1.7 3.3 5.3 4.5

$100 to $149 7.1 ................................. – .3 .2 1.1 2.2 .5 .7 .9 1.3 1.3 2.3 3.5

$150 to $199 2.6 ................................. – – .2 .2 .5 .2 – .2 .5 .7 .9 1.1

$200 or more 2.4 ................................. – – .2 .2 1.1 .2 .2 .2 .7 1.3 .4 .6

Median 33 ...................................... ... ... 37 35 33 32 25~ 35 34 29 31 38

Included in rent, other fee, or obtained free 70.8 ....... .9 .9 5.9 6.4 14.7 12.2 11.3 25.3 17.7 21.4 28.6 20.8

Monthly Cost Paid for Piped Gas

Piped gas used 318.2 ....................... 2.7 1.9 13.9 25.0 67.1 54.0 31.6 93.3 61.4 82.8 137.3 98.1 Less than $25 130.2 ................................ .9 1.3 5.5 9.7 23.9 21.3 9.5 36.9 20.4 32.6 54.8 42.8 $25 to $49 66.5 ................................... .2 – 2.2 5.0 16.3 13.0 5.7 16.6 11.4 14.1 29.6 22.8 $50 to $74 19.0 ................................... .2 – 1.1 1.6 5.5 2.0 2.6 4.2 3.3 3.1 11.4 4.5 $75 to $99 6.9 ................................... – – – 1.2 2.9 2.1 .5 1.5 1.1 2.1 3.8 1.1 $100 to $149 1.9 ................................. – – – – .2 .7 .2 .4 .7 .4 1.5 – $150 to $199 1.3 ................................. – – – – .5 .5 – .4 .7 .2 .4 .7 $200 or more 1.8 ................................. – – – – .7 – – .7 .7 .9 .9 –

Median 25 ...................................... ~ ... ... 25~ 25~ 27 25~ 25~ 25~ 25~ 25~ 25~ 25~

Included in rent, other fee, or obtained free 90.5 ....... 1.3 .6 5.1 7.5 17.3 14.5 13.1 32.5 23.3 29.3 34.9 26.3

Average Monthly Cost Paid for Fuel Oil

Fuel oil used 21.5 ......................... .2 – 1.1 1.6 3.6 4.8 2.9 6.8 4.5 3.7 14.0 3.8

Less than $25 2.7 ................................ – – .2 .2 .4 .7 .3 .6 .7 .2 .9 1.5

$25 to $49 – ................................... – – – –– – – – – – – –

$50 to $74 – ................................... – – – –– – – – – – – –

$75 to $99 .2 ................................... – – – – .2 – – – – – – .2

$100 to $149 .2 ................................. – – – – – .2 – – – – – .2

$150 to $199 – ................................. – – – –– – – – – – – –

$200 or more – ................................. – – – –– – – – – – – –

Median 25 ...................................... ~ ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 25~ ... ... 25~ ...

Included in rent, other fee, or obtained free 18.4 ....... .2 – .9 1.4 2.9 3.9 2.6 6.2 3.9 3.4 13.1 1.9

Property Insurance

Property insurance paid 78.4 ....................... .9 .6 1.7 5.3 12.1 9.7 8.9 24.7 11.7 18.4 34.2 25.8

Median per month 25 ........................... ... ... ... ... 34 25 23 26 24 39 22 25

108 AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 4~13. Selected Housing CostsmRenter Occupied UnitsmCon.

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Selected subareas1

Physical problems

Total

occupied

units

New

con~

struction

4 years

Mobile

homes Severe Moderate Black Hispanic

Elderly

(65 years

and over)

Moved in

past year

Below

poverty

level Area one Area two Area three

Monthly Costs Paid for Selected Utilities

and Fuels

Water paid separately 98.8 ......................... 1.1 .6 3.5 7.1 19.2 18.3 6.3 25.0 15.1 21.2 41.8 35.9

Median 28 .................................... ... ... ... 32 30 34 32 26 32 38 22 30

Trash paid separately 75.2 ......................... 1.1 .3 3.0 5.1 7.7 13.7 5.0 18.6 9.5 7.6 34.8 32.8

Median 19 .................................... ... ... ... ... 21 20 ... 18 19 20 17 21

Bottled gas paid separately 1.4 .................... – .9 – – – .5 .5 – .3 .2 – 1.1

Median ... .................................... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Other fuel paid separately 23.7 ...................... .2 .3 .9 2.6 3.7 4.2 1.5 5.9 2.6 4.2 9.4 10.1

Median 10 .................................... ~ ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 10~ ... ... 10~ 10~

1See back cover for details.

2Beginning with 1989 this item uses current income in its calculation, see Appendix A.

3May reflect a temporary situation, living off savings or response error.

AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998 109

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 4~17. Rooms in Unit by Household and Unit Size, Income, and CostsmRenter Occupied

Units

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Occupied units

Rooms Bedrooms

Total

1 and 2

rooms

3 and 4

rooms

5 and 6

rooms

7 rooms

or more Median No rooms 1 room 2 rooms 3 rooms

4 rooms

or more Median

Total 347.1 ................................ 14.2 218.0 90.3 24.6 4.0 6.5 118.0 136.0 67.4 19.3 1.9

Persons

1 person 115.8 ..................................... 12.5 88.2 12.6 2.4 3.5 6.2 73.8 26.4 7.3 2.1 1.2

2 persons 97.9 .................................... 1.2 69.4 23.3 4.1 3.9 .3 31.4 49.9 14.6 1.7 1.8

3 persons 57.6 .................................... .2 30.3 21.7 5.4 4.4 – 8.5 28.1 18.0 3.0 2.2

4 persons 40.6 .................................... – 20.4 14.8 5.4 4.5 – 3.1 20.9 12.1 4.5 2.3

5 persons 20.2 .................................... .3 6.2 9.8 3.9 5.2 – 1.0 6.8 7.9 4.5 2.8

6 persons 9.1 .................................... – 2.6 4.7 1.8 5.3 – .2 3.0 4.1 1.8 2.8

7 persons or more 6.0 ............................ – .9 3.4 1.7 5.7 – – .9 3.3 1.7 3.1

Median 2.1 ...................................... 1.5~ 1.8 2.9 3.6 ... 1.5~ 1.5~ 2.3 3.2 4.1 ...

Rooms

1 room 5.5 ...................................... ... ... ... ... ... 5.5 – – – – .5~ 2 rooms 8.7 ..................................... ... ... ... ... ... .8 6.6 1.3 – – 1.0 3 rooms 98.2 ..................................... ... ... ... ... ... .2 95.7 1.9 .4 – 1.0 4 rooms 119.8 ..................................... ... ... ... ... ... – 14.4 104.5 .6 .2 1.9 5 rooms 59.9 ..................................... ... ... ... ... ... – 1.3 22.3 36.4 – 2.7 6 rooms 30.4 ..................................... ... ... ... ... ... – – 4.8 21.5 4.1 3.0 7 rooms 16.4 ..................................... ... ... ... ... ... – – .9 8.0 7.5 3.4 8 rooms 4.7 ..................................... ... ... ... ... ... – – .2 .2 4.3 ... 9 rooms 1.1 ..................................... ... ... ... ... ... – – – – 1.1 ... 10 rooms or more 2.4 ............................. ... ... ... ... ... – – – .3 2.2 ... Median 4.0 ...................................... ... ... ... ... ... 1.5~ 3.0 4.1 5.4 7.2 ...

Bedrooms

None 6.5 ........................................ 6.3 .2 – – 1.5 ... ... ... ... ... ...

1 118.0 ........................................... 6.6 110.1 1.3 – 3.5 ... ... ... ... ... ...

2 136.0 ........................................... 1.3 106.5 27.1 1.1 3.8 ... ... ... ... ... ...

3 67.4 ........................................... – 1.0 57.9 8.5 5.6 ... ... ... ... ... ...

4 or more 19.3 .................................... – .2 4.1 15.0 6.5+ ... ... ... ... ... ...

Median 1.9 ...................................... .6 1.5 2.8 3.5+ ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Complete Bathrooms

None 7.2 ........................................ 5.7 1.4 – – 1.8 3.5 1.4 1.5 .6 .2 .6

1 236.0 ........................................... 8.5 183.0 41.8 2.7 3.7 3.0 115.4 92.2 24.7 .6 1.5

1 and one~half 35.1 ................................ – 15.3 16.6 3.2 4.8 – .8 19.0 12.8 2.6 2.4

2 or more 68.8 .................................... – 18.3 31.9 18.6 5.5 – .4 23.3 29.2 15.9 2.9

Lot Size1

Less than one~eighth acre 45.8 ..................... 1.4 21.2 18.4 4.7 4.5 .9 8.3 16.3 15.9 4.3 2.3

One~eighth up to one~quarter acre 52.0 .............. .9 18.5 23.7 8.9 5.1 .2 7.4 16.8 20.4 7.2 2.6

One~quarter up to one~half acre 25.7 ................. .4 10.8 9.1 5.3 4.9 – 5.1 10.0 5.7 4.9 2.3

One~half up to one acre 10.8 ........................ .4 5.4 3.5 1.5 4.3 .2 2.0 5.2 2.6 .8 2.1

1 up to 5 acres 9.7 ............................... .2 5.6 2.9 1.0 4.2 – 2.6 3.9 2.4 .8 2.1

5 up to 10 acres .8 .............................. – .2 .2 .4 ... – – .2 .2 .4 ...

10 acres or more 2.7 ............................. – 2.3 .4 – ... – .8 1.5 .4 – ...

Median .19 ...................................... .17 .20 .18 .21 ... .13~ .21 .21 .18 .21 ...

Income of Families and Primary

Individuals

Less than $5,000 30.8 ............................. 3.9 17.6 7.2 2.1 3.8 1.8 11.0 10.9 5.7 1.5 1.7

$5,000 to $9,999 33.7 ............................. 3.0 22.4 6.1 2.2 3.7 1.0 15.1 10.4 5.3 1.9 1.6

$10,000 to $14,999 29.1 ........................... 2.0 20.1 6.2 .9 3.8 1.2 10.5 12.5 3.6 1.3 1.7

$15,000 to $19,999 31.5 ........................... 2.1 21.3 6.6 1.5 3.8 .7 12.9 12.0 4.3 1.5 1.7

$20,000 to $24,999 29.6 ........................... .6 19.2 8.9 .8 4.0 .4 9.2 13.5 6.0 .4 1.9

$25,000 to $29,999 25.7 ........................... .5 17.1 6.5 1.6 3.9 .5 10.3 8.3 5.5 1.1 1.8

$30,000 to $34,999 25.8 ........................... .2 17.8 6.5 1.3 3.9 .2 11.0 8.8 5.0 .6 1.7

$35,000 to $39,999 17.0 ........................... .9 11.6 3.7 .9 3.8 .2 7.0 6.0 3.0 .9 1.7

$40,000 to $49,999 29.9 ........................... .2 19.3 9.6 .8 4.0 .2 10.2 12.8 5.5 1.3 1.9

$50,000 to $59,999 29.4 ........................... .2 19.5 6.9 2.8 4.0 – 9.3 12.6 6.2 1.2 1.9

$60,000 to $79,999 35.0 ........................... .4 19.2 13.0 2.3 4.3 .2 7.4 16.2 8.8 2.3 2.1

$80,000 to $99,999 12.2 ........................... – 5.3 3.9 3.1 4.9 – 1.6 5.5 3.4 1.8 2.3

$100,000 to $119,999 7.2 ......................... – 3.1 2.7 1.5 4.9 – 1.3 2.5 2.5 1.1 2.5

$120,000 or more 10.1 ............................. .2 4.6 2.5 2.8 4.7 – 1.2 4.0 2.6 2.3 2.5

Median 28 670 ...................................... 10 521 27 469 32 790 50 691 ... 11 745 25 125 30 219 33 290 43 019 ...

Monthly Housing Costs

Less than $100 2.1 ............................... – 1.6 .5 – ... – 1.3 .4 .5 – ...

$100 to $199 9.1 ................................. .3 7.8 .9 .2 3.6 – 5.2 2.8 .9 .2 1.4

$200 to $249 4.5 ................................. .3 2.6 1.1 .5 ... .3 1.8 .9 1.4 .2 ...

$250 to $299 7.0 ................................. 1.4 2.7 2.7 .2 4.0 1.0 2.7 1.2 1.7 .4 1.4

$300 to $349 5.4 ................................. .7 3.5 .7 .4 ... .5 2.0 1.6 1.1 .2 ...

$350 to $399 8.2 ................................. 1.8 3.8 2.4 .2 3.7 1.1 3.1 2.2 1.1 .6 1.5

$400 to $449 7.2 ................................. 1.4 4.8 .9 .2 3.4 .4 3.8 2.4 .4 .2 1.3

$450 to $499 12.9 ................................. 1.2 9.3 1.9 .4 3.6 .8 6.8 3.8 1.3 .2 1.3

$500 to $599 38.5 ................................. 2.9 30.5 4.2 .9 3.6 1.1 24.1 9.6 3.0 .6 1.3

$600 to $699 43.4 ................................. .7 37.2 4.9 .6 3.6 – 21.3 19.8 2.0 .2 1.5

$700 to $799 40.9 ................................. 1.3 31.8 7.1 .7 3.7 .2 16.8 20.2 3.3 .4 1.7

$800 to $999 74.0 ................................. .6 52.0 19.6 1.8 3.9 .2 20.5 39.2 12.1 2.0 1.9

$1,000 to $1,249 44.2 ............................. .4 19.2 20.5 4.0 4.7 .2 4.8 20.4 15.8 3.0 2.3 $1,250 to $1,499 22.9 ............................. – 5.3 11.9 5.8 5.5 – .4 7.2 10.6 4.7 2.9 $1,500 or more 17.6 ............................... .2 2.6 7.7 7.1 6.1 – .9 2.5 9.4 4.9 3.1 No cash rent 9.2 ................................. .9 3.2 3.5 1.5 4.7 .7 2.5 1.8 2.8 1.3 2.2 Median (excludes no cash rent) 775 ............... 482 711 966 1 308 ... 413 633 811 1 056 1 284 ...

1Does not include multiunits, cooperatives or condominiums.

110 AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 4~18. Square Footage by Household and Unit Size, Income, and CostsmRenter Occupied

Units

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Size of occupied detached 1~family homes and 1~family mobile homes

Total

Less than 500

square feet

500 to 999

square feet

1000 to 1499

square feet

1500 to 1999

square feet

2000 to 2499

square feet

2500

square

feet or

more

Not

reported Median

Total 115.1 ................................ 6.5 16.7 31.0 17.3 4.9 6.0 32.6 1 290

Persons

1 person 25.5 ..................................... 3.6 5.8 4.9 2.1 .6 1.7 6.7 1 000 2 persons 25.9 .................................... 1.4 4.0 8.9 2.8 .6 .6 7.5 1 210 3 persons 22.8 .................................... 1.0 3.2 6.2 4.3 .9 1.5 5.8 1 354 4 persons 20.7 .................................... .5 2.0 5.2 4.4 1.7 .4 6.5 1 444 5 persons 11.7 .................................... – .9 4.1 1.7 1.1 .9 3.1 1 425 6 persons 4.7 .................................... – .6 1.1 .9 – .4 1.7 ... 7 persons or more 3.7 ............................ – .2 .7 1.0 – .4 1.3 ... Median 2.8 ...................................... 1.5~ 2.1 2.8 3.4 ... 2.9 2.9 ...

Rooms

1 room 1.3 ...................................... .2 – .2 – – – .9 ...

2 rooms 2.1 ..................................... .8 .2 – – – .2 .9 ...

3 rooms 12.8 ..................................... 3.0 4.4 1.4 – .2 .4 3.4 694

4 rooms 23.9 ..................................... 1.1 7.6 6.1 2.0 – .4 6.8 991

5 rooms 31.5 ..................................... .2 3.3 13.4 3.9 .7 .9 9.1 1 286

6 rooms 22.1 ..................................... .9 1.1 7.7 5.7 .7 .6 5.4 1 411

7 rooms 14.0 ..................................... .2 .2 2.2 3.9 3.0 .9 3.6 1 830

8 rooms 4.3 ..................................... – – – 1.7 .2 .7 1.7 ...

9 rooms 1.1 ..................................... – – – – .2 .6 .2 ...

10 rooms or more 2.2 ............................. – – – .2 – 1.3 .6 ...

Median 5.1 ...................................... 3.3 4.0 5.1 6.0 ... 7.0 5.0 ...

Bedrooms

None 1.6 ........................................ .5 – .2 – – – .9 ...

1 16.4 ........................................... 3.7 5.7 2.9 – – .7 3.4 744

2 33.9 ........................................... 1.9 8.2 8.7 3.1 .4 .6 11.1 1 078

3 45.0 ........................................... .4 2.6 17.9 9.3 2.4 1.9 10.4 1 398

4 or more 18.2 .................................... – .2 1.3 4.9 2.1 2.8 6.8 1 924

Median 2.6 ...................................... 1.2 1.8 2.7 3.1 ... 3.4 2.6 ...

Complete Bathrooms

None 3.0 ........................................ .5 – .2 – – .2 2.1 ... 1 60.5 ........................................... 5.6 15.0 15.9 4.2 .9 1.7 17.2 1 031 1 and one~half 12.8 ................................ .2 1.3 4.5 3.2 .2 .2 3.2 1 367

2 or more 38.8 .................................... .2 .4 10.4 9.9 3.9 3.9 10.1 1 669

Lot Size1

Less than one~eighth acre 34.9 ..................... 1.6 7.3 10.0 5.4 .9 2.0 7.8 1 234

One~eighth up to one~quarter acre 41.2 .............. 3.2 4.1 11.4 6.0 2.2 1.3 13.1 1 298

One~quarter up to one~half acre 18.7 ................. 1.6 1.5 3.6 3.5 1.5 .9 6.2 1 438

One~half up to one acre 8.0 ........................ – 1.8 1.9 .4 – 1.0 2.8 1 213

1 up to 5 acres 5.6 ............................... .2 – 1.5 1.1 .2 .5 2.1 1 506

5 up to 10 acres .8 .............................. – .2 .2 – .2 – .2 ...

10 acres or more 1.6 ............................. – .7 .7 – – – .2 ...

Median .19 ...................................... .19 .14 .18 .19 ... .21 .21 ...

Income of Families and Primary

Individuals

Less than $5,000 11.9 ............................. 1.0 1.8 1.8 1.3 – .4 5.6 1 091

$5,000 to $9,999 9.7 ............................. .9 2.0 2.4 .2 .2 .4 3.6 1 034

$10,000 to $14,999 5.2 ........................... .2 .9 1.3 .4 – .4 2.0 ...

$15,000 to $19,999 9.5 ........................... .5 2.2 1.5 1.3 .2 .4 3.4 1 130

$20,000 to $24,999 8.7 ........................... .2 1.6 2.7 .2 .2 .2 3.5 1 142

$25,000 to $29,999 9.5 ........................... .7 1.3 2.8 .5 .2 .9 3.1 1 213

$30,000 to $34,999 8.0 ........................... .6 1.0 1.9 1.5 .2 .2 2.5 1 290

$35,000 to $39,999 4.1 ........................... .2 .7 1.7 1.5 – – – ...

$40,000 to $49,999 11.1 ........................... .6 1.5 4.2 1.6 .9 .4 1.9 1 288

$50,000 to $59,999 10.4 ........................... .9 1.8 3.1 1.3 .4 .6 2.2 1 222

$60,000 to $79,999 12.7 ........................... .7 1.3 3.8 3.7 .4 .9 2.0 1 453

$80,000 to $99,999 6.6 ........................... – .2 2.0 1.9 .4 .7 1.4 1 608

$100,000 to $119,999 2.8 ......................... – – .7 1.1 .6 – .5 ...

$120,000 or more 4.9 ............................. – .5 1.0 .9 1.1 .4 1.1 ...

Median 31 879 ...................................... 28 143 24 807 37 864 51 738 ... 34 709 22 478 ...

Monthly Housing Costs

Less than $100 .5 ............................... – .3 .2 – – – – ...

$100 to $199 1.5 ................................. .2 – – – – – 1.3 ...

$200 to $249 .7 ................................. – – .5 – – .2 – ...

$250 to $299 2.5 ................................. .3 .2 .4 .2 – – 1.3 ...

$300 to $349 1.2 ................................. .5 – – .4 – .2 – ...

$350 to $399 1.9 ................................. .3 .6 .2 – – .2 .6 ...

$400 to $449 1.9 ................................. .2 .2 .2 – – – 1.3 ...

$450 to $499 2.6 ................................. – .2 .6 .2 – .2 1.3 ...

$500 to $599 9.0 ................................. 1.1 .9 2.4 .4 .2 .4 3.6 1 148

$600 to $699 10.2 ................................. .6 3.2 2.7 .4 – .4 2.9 986

$700 to $799 11.8 ................................. 1.1 3.1 3.3 .2 .4 – 3.7 983

$800 to $999 19.6 ................................. 1.6 3.7 5.1 2.0 .4 .6 6.2 1 140

$1,000 to $1,249 20.3 ............................. – 2.7 9.0 3.6 .4 – 4.6 1 288 $1,250 to $1,499 13.6 ............................. – .4 4.6 3.9 .9 1.3 2.6 1 568 $1,500 or more 12.1 ............................... – – 1.2 5.2 2.1 2.2 1.5 1 902 No cash rent 5.7 ................................. .7 1.2 .7 .7 .4 .2 1.8 1 034 Median (excludes no cash rent) 912 ............... 648 770 984 1 300 ... 1 357 784 ...

1Does not include multiunits, cooperatives or condominiums.

AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998 111

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 4~19. Detailed Tenure by Financial CharacteristicsmRenter Occupied Units

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Owner occupied Renter occupied

With mortgage With no mortgage All renters Unsubsidized renters1

Not specified Not specified

Total Specified

Condoor Coop Other Total SpecifiedCondoor Coop Other Specified Other Specified Other

Total ... ................................ ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 344.5 2.6 290.0 2.1

Income of Families and Primary

Individuals

Less than $5,000 ... ............................. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 30.8 – 24.0 – $5,000 to $9,999 ... ............................. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 33.5 .2 21.0 .2 $10,000 to $14,999 ... ........................... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 29.1 – 23.1 – $15,000 to $19,999 ... ........................... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 31.3 .2 26.3 .2 $20,000 to $24,999 ... ........................... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 29.4 .2 25.4 .2 $25,000 to $29,999 ... ........................... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 25.7 – 21.7 – $30,000 to $34,999 ... ........................... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 25.8 – 23.8 – $35,000 to $39,999 ... ........................... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 17.0 – 15.7 – $40,000 to $49,999 ... ........................... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 29.3 .6 24.6 .6 $50,000 to $59,999 ... ........................... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 29.2 .2 26.4 .2 $60,000 to $79,999 ... ........................... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 34.5 .5 31.5 .2 $80,000 to $99,999 ... ........................... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 12.0 .2 10.9 .2 $100,000 to $119,999 ... ......................... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 7.2 – 6.5 – $120,000 or more ... ............................. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 9.7 .4 9.0 .2 Median ... ...................................... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 28 541 ... 30 725 ...

Monthly Housing Costs

Less than $100 ... ............................... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 2.1 – 1.1 – $100 to $199 ... ................................. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 9.1 – .9 – $200 to $249 ... ................................. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 4.5 – 1.3 – $250 to $299 ... ................................. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 6.8 .2 3.2 .2 $300 to $349 ... ................................. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 5.4 – 2.7 – $350 to $399 ... ................................. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 8.2 – 4.9 – $400 to $449 ... ................................. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 7.2 – 5.9 – $450 to $499 ... ................................. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 12.9 – 11.6 – $500 to $599 ... ................................. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 38.1 .4 33.1 .4 $600 to $699 ... ................................. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 43.0 .4 38.3 .4 $700 to $799 ... ................................. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 40.9 – 37.5 – $800 to $999 ... ................................. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 73.5 .5 66.2 .5

$1,000 to $1,249 ... ............................. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 43.6 .7 40.5 .4

$1,250 to $1,499 ... ............................. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 22.7 .2 20.5 .2

$1,500 or more ... ............................... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 17.4 .2 14.2 –

No cash rent ... ................................. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 9.2 – 8.2 –

Median (excludes no cash rent) ... ............... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 774 ... 801 ...

Monthly Housing Costs as Percent of

Current income2

Less than 5 percent ... ........................... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 2.0 .2 1.5 .2

5 to 9 percent ... ................................ ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 10.3 – 8.2 –

10 to 14 percent ... .............................. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 25.6 .7 22.9 .4

15 to 19 percent ... .............................. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 45.6 .4 41.0 .2

20 to 24 percent ... .............................. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 41.9 .2 35.8 .2

25 to 29 percent ... .............................. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 34.1 .2 27.3 .2

30 to 34 percent ... .............................. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 35.1 .2 25.8 .2

35 to 39 percent ... .............................. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 22.0 – 17.4 –

40 to 49 percent ... .............................. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 31.4 .4 27.0 .4

50 to 59 percent ... .............................. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 19.0 – 15.9 –

60 to 69 percent ... .............................. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 10.9 – 9.5 –

70 to 99 percent ... .............................. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 18.0 .2 16.1 .2

100 percent or more3.......................... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 28.3 – 23.9 –

Zero or negative income ... ....................... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 11.1 – 9.5 –

No cash rent ... ................................. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 9.2 – 8.2 –

Median (excludes 2 previous lines) ... ........... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 30 ... 30 ...

Median (excludes 3 lines before medians) ... ..... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 28 ... 28 ...

1Excludes units in public housing projects, and housing units with government rent subsidies.

2Beginning with 1989 this item uses current income in its calculation, see Appendix A.

3May reflect a temporary situation, living off savings or response error.

112 AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 4~20. Income of Families and Primary Individuals by Selected CharacteristicsmRenter

Occupied Units

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Total

Zero to

neg~

ative

$1 to

$4,999

$5,000

to

$9,999

$10,000

to

$14,999

$15,000

to

$19,999

$20,000

to

$29,999

$30,000

to

$39,999

$40,000

to

$59,999

$60,000

to

$79,999

$80,000

to

$99,999

$100,000

to

$119,999

$120,000

or

more Median

Total 347.1 ................................ 14.0 16.8 33.7 29.1 31.5 55.3 42.8 59.4 35.0 12.2 7.2 10.1 28 764

Units in Structure

1, detached 112.3 .................................. 6.6 5.0 9.4 5.2 9.5 17.3 11.1 21.2 12.7 6.6 2.8 4.9 32 795

1, attached 45.1 ................................... 2.6 1.3 3.9 3.2 3.2 5.2 4.2 8.9 6.2 2.8 1.1 2.4 37 557

2 to 4 65.4 ....................................... 1.1 2.9 8.3 5.3 6.6 12.8 9.9 11.2 4.2 1.4 .6 1.3 26 697

5 to 9 41.5 ....................................... .9 1.8 4.1 6.0 5.1 6.3 6.4 5.6 3.9 .2 .8 .2 24 406

10 to 19 28.6 ..................................... 1.1 2.2 2.5 3.6 1.6 4.3 3.6 4.9 3.5 .2 .7 .4 27 732

20 to 49 26.7 ..................................... .4 1.5 2.4 3.5 3.3 5.1 3.8 2.5 2.3 .5 .7 .7 24 205

50 or more 24.7 ................................... 1.3 1.8 2.6 2.2 2.2 3.4 2.8 4.9 2.1 .6 .4 .2 26 250

Mobile home or trailer 2.8 ......................... – .3 .3 – – .9 1.0 .3 – – – – ...

Year Structure Built1

2000 to 2004 – ................................. – – – – – – – – – – – – ... 1995 to 1999 2.7 ................................. .2 .2 .4 – – – – .2 .7 .7 .2 – ... 1990 to 1994 10.4 ................................. .9 .9 – 1.1 1.3 .7 .5 1.3 2.1 .5 .4 .9 38 091 1985 to 1989 24.1 ................................. 1.3 .5 .9 1.1 1.5 3.2 3.3 4.4 4.5 1.5 1.3 .5 41 027 1980 to 1984 14.3 ................................. – .8 1.3 .9 1.3 2.6 2.4 2.9 1.3 .4 .4 – 30 993 1975 to 1979 28.0 ................................. 1.5 1.0 2.9 2.2 2.0 4.1 2.9 7.0 1.8 1.1 .2 1.5 31 419 1970 to 1974 38.3 ................................. 1.9 1.1 2.9 3.9 2.0 3.8 5.2 7.9 5.2 1.9 .7 1.9 36 939 1960 to 1969 65.7 ................................. 1.5 3.4 4.8 5.1 7.4 12.5 8.5 12.1 5.4 1.1 1.7 2.1 28 463 1950 to 1959 58.0 ................................. 2.2 1.5 7.8 5.5 4.0 10.5 6.8 10.4 5.9 1.1 .6 1.8 27 614 1940 to 1949 36.7 ................................. 1.5 3.0 3.7 3.8 3.4 6.4 4.0 4.8 3.0 2.3 .7 – 24 402 1930 to 1939 29.2 ................................. 1.3 2.0 3.3 1.6 4.7 4.9 4.8 3.6 1.8 .5 .5 .4 23 479 1920 to 1929 18.3 ................................. .7 1.4 2.9 1.1 1.8 2.5 2.3 2.2 1.9 .4 .4 .6 24 889 1919 or earlier 21.3 ................................ .9 .9 2.7 2.9 2.1 4.2 2.2 2.6 1.5 .9 – .4 22 883 Median 1962 ...................................... 1963 1957 1955 1959 1959 1959 1962 1965 1966 1970 1968 1969 ...

Rooms

1 room 5.5 ...................................... .2 1.3 .7 .8 .7 .9 .4 .2 .2 – – – 13 098

2 rooms 8.7 ..................................... .9 1.5 2.3 1.2 1.4 .2 .7 .2 .2 – – .2 9 355

3 rooms 98.2 ..................................... 3.1 5.4 12.8 9.4 10.0 17.3 16.1 16.2 5.7 1.1 .6 .6 24 897

4 rooms 119.8 ..................................... 5.2 4.0 9.5 10.7 11.3 19.0 13.4 22.6 13.6 4.1 2.4 4.0 30 133

5 rooms 59.9 ..................................... 2.6 2.2 4.5 4.7 4.5 10.6 6.1 11.5 8.2 2.4 1.6 1.1 31 504

6 rooms 30.4 ..................................... .7 1.8 1.5 1.5 2.2 4.9 4.0 5.0 4.8 1.5 1.1 1.4 36 681

7 rooms 16.4 ..................................... 1.1 .4 .9 .2 1.1 1.8 1.7 2.4 1.5 2.6 1.3 1.5 49 084

8 rooms 4.7 ..................................... – .4 .4 .2 .2 .2 .4 .6 .7 .4 .2 .9 ...

9 rooms 1.1 ..................................... – – – .2 – – – .2 .2 – – .4 ...

10 rooms or more 2.4 ............................. .2 – .9 .2 .2 .4 – .4 – – – – ...

Median 4.0 ...................................... 4.0 3.6 3.6 3.8 3.8 4.0 3.8 4.1 4.3 4.9 4.9 4.8 ...

Bedrooms

None 6.5 ........................................ .2 1.6 1.0 1.2 .7 .9 .4 .2 .2 – – – 11 745

1 118.0 ........................................... 4.2 6.8 15.1 10.5 12.9 19.5 18.0 19.5 7.4 1.6 1.3 1.2 24 870

2 136.0 ........................................... 5.8 5.0 10.4 12.5 12.0 21.8 14.8 25.4 16.2 5.5 2.5 4.0 30 261 3 67.4 ........................................... 3.1 2.6 5.3 3.6 4.3 11.5 8.0 11.7 8.8 3.4 2.5 2.6 34 130 4 or more 19.3 .................................... .7 .8 1.9 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.5 2.5 2.3 1.8 1.1 2.3 43 066 Median 1.9 ...................................... 1.9 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.9 2.1 2.3 2.5 2.5 ...

Complete Bathrooms

None 7.2 ........................................ 1.1 2.0 1.6 .6 .2 1.1 .4 – – – – .2 6 722

1 236.0 ........................................... 9.0 10.1 26.6 22.5 24.0 43.6 31.1 39.1 20.3 4.6 1.9 3.0 25 899

1 and one~half 35.1 ................................ 1.7 1.3 3.0 2.5 3.2 3.6 5.0 7.2 2.8 3.1 .9 .8 34 455

2 or more 68.8 .................................... 2.2 3.4 2.4 3.5 4.1 6.9 6.3 13.1 11.9 4.5 4.4 6.1 48 431

Main Heating Equipment

Warm~air furnace 200.5 ............................. 8.3 9.9 16.7 14.6 18.3 28.1 24.1 33.7 23.8 9.6 5.3 8.2 31 798

Steam or hot water system 15.6 ..................... .6 1.1 2.1 1.5 .7 3.3 1.8 2.9 1.3 – – .2 25 298

Electric heat pump 5.3 ............................ .4 – .7 – .2 .2 .4 1.8 1.3 – – .2 ...

Built~in electric units 25.4 ........................... 1.7 1.5 3.9 2.3 1.9 2.9 3.5 4.2 2.0 .7 .2 .4 24 132

Floor, wall, or other built~in hot air units without

ducts 80.7 ....................................... 2.2 3.5 8.0 9.2 8.2 16.8 10.8 12.9 5.4 1.3 1.5 .9 25 489

Room heaters with flue 8.3 ........................ .2 .2 .2 .7 1.5 1.8 .4 2.0 .8 .5 – – 27 446

Room heaters without flue .8 ..................... – .2 – – .2 – – .4 – – – – ...

Portable electric heaters 4.3 ....................... – .2 .9 – .2 1.1 1.1 .6 – .2 – – ...

Stoves .4 ...................................... – – – – – – – .4 – – – – ...

Fireplaces with inserts – ......................... – – – – – – – – – – – – ...

Fireplaces without inserts – ...................... – – – – – – – – – – – – ...

Other 2.1 ....................................... .2 – .2 .4 .2 .2 .4 .2 .2 – – – ...

Cooking stove .6 ................................ .2 – .2 – – – – – – – .2 – ...

None 2.9 ........................................ – .2 .7 .4 – .7 .2 .2 .2 – – .2 ...

Primary Source of Water

Public system or private company 344.1 ............... 13.8 16.6 33.4 29.1 30.8 55.0 42.0 58.9 35.0 12.0 7.2 10.1 28 766 Well serving 1 to 5 units 1.4 ....................... – – .2 – .4 .2 .5 – – – – – ...

Drilled 1.2 ..................................... – – .2 – .4 – .5 – – – – – ...

Dug – ....................................... – – – – – – – – – – – – ...

Not reported .2 ............................... – – – – – .2 – – – – – – ...

Other 1.5 ....................................... .2 .2 – – .2 – .2 .4 – .2 – – ...

Means of Sewage Disposal

Public sewer 343.9 ................................. 13.8 16.6 33.2 29.1 31.1 55.3 41.5 59.1 34.8 12.2 7.2 9.9 28 707

Septic tank, cesspool, chemical toilet 2.8 ............ .2 – .2 – .4 – 1.3 .2 .2 – – .2 ...

Other .4 ....................................... – .2 .2 – – – – – – – – – ...

Main House Heating Fuel

Housing units with heating fuel 344.2 ......... 14.0 16.6 33.0 28.7 31.5 54.5 42.5 59.1 34.8 12.2 7.2 9.9 28 851

Electricity 100.5 .................................... 4.8 5.4 11.0 6.3 9.7 14.9 12.6 17.7 9.5 3.3 2.8 2.4 28 710

Piped gas 236.1 .................................... 8.5 10.3 21.1 21.5 21.6 39.4 28.9 39.7 24.4 9.0 4.4 7.3 28 889

Bottled gas 1.5 ................................... – .3 .4 – .2 – .3 – – – – .2 ...

Fuel oil 1.3 ...................................... .2 – .2 .2 – – – .4 .2 – – – ...

Kerosene or other liquid fuel .7 .................... – .2 – – – – .3 .2 – – – – ...

Coal or coke .2 ................................. – – – – – – – .2 – – – – ...

Wood .9 ....................................... .2 – – .2 – – – .4 – – – – ...

Solar energy .2 ................................. .2 – – – – – – – – – – – ...

Other 2.8 ....................................... – .4 .2 .4 – .2 .4 .4 .7 – – – ...

AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998 113

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 4~20. Income of Families and Primary Individuals by Selected CharacteristicsmRenter

Occupied UnitsmCon.

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Total

Zero to

neg~

ative

$1 to

$4,999

$5,000

to

$9,999

$10,000

to

$14,999

$15,000

to

$19,999

$20,000

to

$29,999

$30,000

to

$39,999

$40,000

to

$59,999

$60,000

to

$79,999

$80,000

to

$99,999

$100,000

to

$119,999

$120,000

or

more Median

Cooking Fuel

With cooking fuel 339.1 ..................... 13.8 15.6 32.1 28.5 30.6 53.6 42.1 58.3 35.0 12.2 7.2 10.1 29 145

Electricity 188.3 .................................... 7.6 8.6 14.3 14.9 16.1 25.0 20.9 39.1 22.6 7.6 5.2 6.5 33 655

Piped gas 149.6 .................................... 6.2 6.6 17.5 13.6 14.5 28.6 20.6 19.2 12.4 4.7 2.0 3.7 25 707

Bottled gas 1.1 ................................... – .3 .2 – – – .6 – – – – – ...

Kerosene or other liquid fuel – .................... – – – – – – – – – – – – ...

Coal or coke – ................................. – – – – – – – – – – – – ...

Wood – ....................................... – – – – – – – – – – – – ...

Other – ....................................... – – – – – – – – – – – – ...

Persons

1 person 115.8 ..................................... 6.6 8.6 16.6 9.8 10.7 18.9 17.5 17.1 6.4 1.1 1.7 .9 22 982

2 persons 97.9 .................................... 4.4 3.8 8.4 9.0 8.2 13.1 10.0 19.1 12.4 4.8 1.1 3.5 31 991

3 persons 57.6 .................................... 1.3 2.2 3.1 5.0 5.7 9.3 7.7 10.0 6.3 2.6 1.8 2.6 32 843

4 persons 40.6 .................................... .9 .9 2.4 2.1 3.0 7.9 4.5 8.1 5.5 2.4 1.8 1.1 36 723

5 persons 20.2 .................................... .4 .7 1.7 2.3 1.7 3.3 1.1 3.1 3.0 .6 .5 1.7 29 743

6 persons 9.1 .................................... .2 .2 1.1 .7 1.7 1.3 1.3 1.3 .4 .5 – .4 24 926

7 persons or more 6.0 ............................ .2 .4 .2 .2 .4 1.6 .6 .7 .9 .2 .4 – 29 475

Median 2.1 ...................................... 1.6 1.5~ 1.5 2.0 2.1 2.2 1.9 2.2 2.4 2.6 3.0 2.8 ...

Household Composition by Age of

Householder

2~or~more person households 231.3 .................. 7.4 8.2 17.1 19.3 20.8 36.4 25.3 42.3 28.5 11.2 5.5 9.3 32 536

Married~couple families, no nonrelatives 107.6 ....... 2.6 2.1 3.2 5.5 8.0 16.7 9.7 22.4 18.9 7.7 3.3 7.5 45 335

Under 25 years 6.2 ........................... .8 .2 .2 .5 .2 1.1 .4 .9 .9 .5 – .4 30 488

25 to 29 years 16.7 ............................ .2 – – .4 1.5 2.2 1.0 4.5 4.4 1.5 .7 .2 53 224

30 to 34 years 21.5 ............................ .4 .9 .2 1.3 1.5 3.3 2.4 4.5 3.5 .4 .7 2.3 42 854

35 to 44 years 31.9 ............................ .7 – .9 1.5 2.6 5.4 2.8 6.6 5.2 3.0 1.5 1.7 46 399

45 to 64 years 23.6 ............................ .2 .2 .9 .7 1.8 3.5 2.0 5.1 4.8 2.0 .4 2.2 50 268

65 years and over 7.7 ........................ .2 .7 1.1 1.1 .4 1.3 1.0 .8 .2 .2 – .6 22 554

Other male householder 47.6 ..................... 1.5 1.6 3.3 5.2 4.7 6.9 5.5 9.7 4.2 2.4 1.3 1.3 31 036

Under 45 years 36.7 ........................... 1.5 1.1 2.2 3.8 4.0 5.9 4.5 7.1 2.7 2.0 1.1 .8 29 606

45 to 64 years 8.8 ............................ – .2 .7 .9 .4 .8 1.0 2.2 1.5 .4 .2 .5 43 226

65 years and over 2.1 ........................ – .3 .5 .5 .2 .2 – .5 – – – – ...

Other female householder 76.1 ................... 3.3 4.6 10.5 8.6 8.1 12.7 10.1 10.2 5.5 1.1 .9 .4 22 291

Under 45 years 52.5 ........................... 2.2 3.3 7.3 5.4 5.7 10.9 7.7 6.5 1.9 .9 .5 .2 22 173

45 to 64 years 20.1 ............................ .6 .8 2.8 2.2 2.2 1.8 2.4 3.0 3.3 .2 .5 .2 27 834

65 years and over 3.5 ........................ .4 .4 .4 1.1 .2 – – .7 .2 – – – ...

1~person households 115.8 .......................... 6.6 8.6 16.6 9.8 10.7 18.9 17.5 17.1 6.4 1.1 1.7 .9 22 982

Male householder 55.1 ........................... 3.2 4.2 6.3 4.5 4.9 8.0 8.6 9.6 3.3 .5 1.1 .9 25 507

Under 45 years 29.6 ........................... 2.3 1.9 2.8 2.4 2.7 5.2 5.1 3.9 2.0 .2 .6 .4 25 094

45 to 64 years 19.1 ............................ .5 1.8 1.8 1.5 1.6 1.8 3.1 5.1 .9 .2 .5 .4 31 969

65 years and over 6.3 ........................ .4 .4 1.6 .7 .7 1.0 .5 .6 .4 – – – 15 166

Female householder 60.7 ........................ 3.3 4.5 10.3 5.3 5.7 10.9 8.9 7.4 3.1 .6 .6 – 21 130

Under 45 years 30.7 ........................... 1.3 1.5 2.9 2.2 2.7 6.4 5.8 5.0 2.3 .4 .2 – 27 394

45 to 64 years 13.1 ............................ 1.1 .9 2.8 .3 1.1 1.5 2.0 2.2 .6 .2 .4 – 22 772

65 years and over 16.9 ........................ .9 2.0 4.6 2.8 2.0 3.1 1.1 .2 .2 – – – 11 618

Own Never Married Children Under 18

Years Old

No own children under 18 years 231.7 ................ 11.7 13.3 26.4 20.7 19.9 33.5 28.3 38.0 22.5 7.7 4.0 5.8 27 127

With own children under 18 years 115.4 ............... 2.3 3.5 7.3 8.4 11.6 21.7 14.5 21.3 12.5 4.5 3.3 4.3 31 930

Under 6 years only 30.2 .......................... .8 .7 1.1 1.8 2.9 6.4 3.6 5.9 2.6 1.7 1.5 1.1 33 750

1 19.6 ....................................... .6 .7 .7 .4 1.8 3.4 3.0 4.3 2.2 1.1 .7 .9 37 581

2 10.0 ....................................... – – .4 1.2 1.1 2.9 .7 1.6 .4 .7 .9 .2 28 067

3 or more .7 ................................ .2 – – .2 – .2 – – – – – – ...

6 to 17 years only 57.5 ........................... .9 2.4 3.7 4.8 5.7 9.9 8.1 10.5 6.4 1.7 1.1 2.4 31 691

1 31.6 ....................................... .7 1.3 2.3 3.3 3.1 4.4 4.7 5.4 3.1 1.1 .6 1.5 31 353

2 18.1 ....................................... .2 .9 .2 1.1 1.3 4.4 2.5 3.5 2.4 .7 .2 .7 33 760

3 or more 7.8 ................................ – .2 1.1 .4 1.3 1.1 .9 1.6 .8 – .2 .2 27 988

Both age groups 27.6 ............................ .6 .5 2.5 1.7 3.0 5.4 2.8 4.9 3.5 1.1 .7 .9 30 249

2 12.0 ....................................... .4 .2 .9 .6 1.1 1.4 1.1 3.1 2.2 .4 .2 .2 41 528

3 or more 15.6 ................................ .2 .2 1.6 1.1 1.9 4.0 1.7 1.8 1.3 .7 .4 .6 26 840

Monthly Housing Costs

Less than $100 2.1 ............................... .2 .3 .9 .2 – .2 .3 – – – – – ...

$100 to $199 9.1 ................................. – 1.6 5.6 – .2 .9 .6 .2 – – – – 7 656

$200 to $249 4.5 ................................. – .4 3.2 – – .2 – .4 .2 – – – ...

$250 to $299 7.0 ................................. .6 .9 2.3 .9 .7 .7 .3 .2 .2 – – .2 9 335

$300 to $349 5.4 ................................. .5 .9 .4 1.3 .4 .7 .2 .7 .2 – – – ...

$350 to $399 8.2 ................................. – .7 1.6 2.1 1.5 1.6 .4 – .2 – – – 14 253

$400 to $449 7.2 ................................. – 1.1 1.3 2.1 .7 1.0 .6 .2 – – – .2 13 033

$450 to $499 12.9 ................................. .8 .9 1.1 2.4 2.0 2.9 1.5 1.1 .2 – – – 18 132

$500 to $599 38.5 ................................. 1.5 .7 5.2 4.6 7.0 9.4 4.7 2.4 1.8 .7 – .4 20 186

$600 to $699 43.4 ................................. 1.8 1.4 2.9 4.0 5.0 9.3 7.8 6.9 3.0 .5 .2 .6 27 141

$700 to $799 40.9 ................................. 1.0 1.7 3.2 3.5 4.7 7.9 7.2 7.8 2.6 .2 .9 .2 27 957

$800 to $999 74.0 ................................. 3.1 2.4 2.9 4.2 4.5 11.5 9.7 21.2 9.7 2.4 1.1 1.3 38 666

$1,000 to $1,249 44.2 ............................. 2.2 .6 1.5 1.3 2.9 5.2 4.1 10.1 8.5 3.2 2.2 2.4 48 338

$1,250 to $1,499 22.9 ............................. .4 1.1 .4 .9 .9 2.4 3.0 5.0 4.3 1.7 1.3 1.5 49 344

$1,500 or more 17.6 ............................... .2 1.3 .4 .2 .2 .6 .8 2.0 3.7 3.3 1.5 3.3 76 177 No cash rent 9.2 ................................. 1.5 .9 .7 1.4 .7 .7 1.5 1.1 .4 .2 – – 14 988 Median (excludes no cash rent) 775 ............... 773 639 502 606 657 705 758 886 983 1 174 1 159 1 219 ...

Monthly Housing Costs as Percent of

Current Income2

Less than 5 percent 2.2 ........................... – – .2 – – .2 .3 – .5 – – 1.0 ...

5 to 9 percent 10.3 ................................ – – – .2 – .6 .6 1.8 1.3 1.1 .9 3.7 89 554

10 to 14 percent 26.3 .............................. – – .5 – .2 1.2 .9 5.7 7.5 3.3 3.0 3.9 72 207

15 to 19 percent 46.0 .............................. .2 .3 .6 .3 .6 3.2 4.6 14.6 13.3 4.6 2.8 .9 58 089

20 to 24 percent 42.1 .............................. .2 .5 1.6 – .6 5.5 8.0 16.6 6.1 1.9 .5 .6 45 559

25 to 29 percent 34.3 .............................. .2 – 1.6 1.3 1.5 7.0 10.3 8.5 3.0 .7 – – 35 231

30 to 34 percent 35.3 .............................. – .3 4.5 2.0 2.9 11.7 6.6 5.7 1.3 .4 – – 26 906

35 to 39 percent 22.0 .............................. – .2 2.0 1.8 4.1 7.5 3.9 2.0 .4 – – – 23 812

40 to 49 percent 31.8 .............................. .2 .2 2.0 5.0 8.7 9.6 3.5 2.4 .2 – – – 19 849

50 to 59 percent 19.0 .............................. – .2 2.3 5.0 4.6 4.6 1.3 .5 .7 – – – 17 259

60 to 69 percent 10.9 .............................. – .2 2.4 3.3 2.7 1.8 .2 .3 – – – – 14 249

70 to 99 percent 18.2 .............................. – .4 5.4 6.0 4.0 1.3 1.1 – – – – – 12 735

100 percent or more3.......................... 28.3 .5 13.6 9.8 2.8 .9 .4 – .2 .2 – – – 5 060

Zero or negative income 11.1 ....................... 11.1 ––––––––– – – 5000~

No cash rent 9.2 ................................. 1.5 .9 .7 1.4 .7 .7 1.5 1.1 .4 .2 – – 14 988

Median (excludes 2 previous lines) 30 ........... 40 100+ 65 57 46 34 28 22 18 17 14 10 ...

Median (excludes 3 lines before medians) 28 ..... 25 38 42 54 46 34 28 22 18 17 14 10 ...

114 AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 4~20. Income of Families and Primary Individuals by Selected CharacteristicsmRenter

Occupied UnitsmCon.

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Total

Zero to

neg~

ative

$1 to

$4,999

$5,000

to

$9,999

$10,000

to

$14,999

$15,000

to

$19,999

$20,000

to

$29,999

$30,000

to

$39,999

$40,000

to

$59,999

$60,000

to

$79,999

$80,000

to

$99,999

$100,000

to

$119,999

$120,000

or

more Median

Rent Reductions

No subsidy 271.4 ................................... 9.4 9.9 18.7 20.8 25.0 43.5 38.2 50.1 29.8 11.2 6.5 8.4 32 199

Rent control 24.4 ................................ 1.8 2.2 1.8 2.9 3.4 4.3 2.7 2.4 2.2 .4 – .2 20 275

No rent control 245.2 ............................. 7.4 7.7 16.6 17.7 21.4 39.0 35.4 47.4 27.3 10.5 6.5 8.2 33 617

Reduced by owner 17.8 ........................ 1.8 .9 2.1 1.5 1.7 2.7 1.9 3.1 1.5 .2 – .4 23 258

Not reduced by owner 226.7 ..................... 5.5 6.9 14.5 16.2 19.6 36.3 33.1 44.3 25.9 10.3 6.5 7.7 34 383

Owner reduction not reported .6 .............. .2 – – – – – .4 – – – – – ...

Rent control not reported 1.8 .................... .2 – .2 .2 .2 .2 – .2 .2 .2 – – ...

Owned by public housing authority 10.1 .............. .2 .5 5.0 2.0 .4 1.4 – .2 .2 .2 – – 9 318

Government subsidy 23.8 .......................... .4 3.0 7.0 3.6 3.4 3.3 1.5 .7 .7 .2 – – 12 152

Other, income verification 21.0 ...................... 1.1 1.6 .4 .4 1.1 3.3 1.7 6.7 2.4 .7 .7 .9 42 372

Subsidy not reported 20.7 .......................... 2.8 1.9 2.6 2.3 1.5 3.8 1.3 1.7 2.0 – – .8 17 731

1For mobile homes, oldest category is 1939 or earlier.

2Beginning with 1989 this item uses current income in its calculation, see Appendix A.

3May reflect a temporary situation, living off savings or response error.

AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998 115

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 4~21. Housing Costs by Selected CharacteristicsmRenter Occupied Units

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Total

Less

than

$100

$100

to

$199

$200

to

$299

$300

to

$399

$400

to

$499

$500

to

$599

$600

to

$699

$700

to

$799

$800

to

$999

$1,000

to

$1,499

$1,500

or

more

No

cash

rent

Median

exclud~

ing no

cash

rent

Total 347.1 ............................. 2.1 9.1 11.5 13.5 20.1 38.5 43.4 40.9 74.0 67.1 17.6 9.2 775

Units in Structure

1, detached 112.3 ............................... .2 1.5 2.9 2.8 4.5 9.0 8.9 11.5 19.6 33.9 12.1 5.3 924 1, attached 45.1 ................................ .8 .7 .8 1.3 1.7 3.2 6.6 4.1 13.1 9.4 3.1 .4 849 2 to 4 65.4 .................................... .2 2.2 1.3 3.7 4.5 7.1 9.6 10.4 16.2 8.0 1.1 1.1 734 5 to 9 41.5 .................................... .5 1.8 2.0 1.8 3.7 7.2 6.6 4.5 7.6 5.1 .4 .2 653 10 to 19 28.6 .................................. – .7 .7 2.0 2.2 4.4 4.0 3.2 6.5 3.7 .4 .7 699 20 to 49 26.7 .................................. – .7 1.2 .8 2.9 4.8 3.7 3.5 4.9 3.2 .2 .9 669 50 or more 24.7 ................................ – 1.6 2.3 .7 .6 2.8 2.7 3.5 6.1 3.9 .2 .3 741 Mobile home or trailer 2.8 ...................... .3 – .3 .3 – – 1.3 .3 – – – .3 ...

Year Structure Built1

2000 to 2004 – .............................. – – – – – – – – – – – – ...

1995 to 1999 2.7 .............................. – .4 .2 – – – – – .2 .9 .7 .2 ...

1990 to 1994 10.4 .............................. – – .4 .5 .4 .2 .7 .7 2.5 2.0 2.8 .2 974

1985 to 1989 24.1 .............................. – – .5 .2 .4 2.7 1.9 2.7 4.8 8.0 1.7 1.1 927

1980 to 1984 14.3 .............................. – – – 1.1 – – 2.0 3.7 4.0 3.2 .4 – 820

1975 to 1979 28.0 .............................. .2 .9 1.4 .3 .8 .9 3.3 3.5 6.6 7.2 2.8 – 879

1970 to 1974 38.3 .............................. .2 .9 1.4 .9 .7 4.1 4.0 3.3 11.9 8.1 1.1 1.7 847

1960 to 1969 65.7 .............................. .2 1.8 2.2 2.6 3.3 9.0 8.9 7.6 16.6 10.4 2.3 .8 758

1950 to 1959 58.0 .............................. .6 2.9 1.8 2.8 3.5 5.9 8.0 7.0 9.7 12.4 2.5 .7 743

1940 to 1949 36.7 .............................. .3 .6 1.3 .6 2.3 4.8 5.1 4.1 7.1 6.6 2.0 1.9 757

1930 to 1939 29.2 .............................. .5 .9 1.1 2.3 2.4 4.9 5.1 3.9 4.7 2.6 .2 .7 645

1920 to 1929 18.3 .............................. – .3 .7 1.1 1.4 2.5 3.1 2.1 4.1 2.2 .2 .7 693

1919 or earlier 21.3 ............................. – .5 .5 1.1 4.9 3.5 1.3 2.3 1.7 3.5 .9 1.1 591

Median 1962 ................................... ... 1958 1962 1956 1946 1956 1959 1961 1966 1966 1973 1953 ...

Rooms

1 room 5.5 ................................... – – 1.0 1.3 .8 1.1 – .2 .2 .2 – .7 422

2 rooms 8.7 .................................. – .3 .7 1.3 1.8 1.8 .7 1.1 .4 .2 .2 .2 510

3 rooms 98.2 .................................. 1.3 4.9 4.0 4.4 9.0 21.5 18.3 13.2 16.1 3.0 .7 1.9 617

4 rooms 119.8 .................................. .4 2.8 1.3 3.0 5.1 9.0 18.9 18.6 35.8 21.4 2.0 1.4 800

5 rooms 59.9 .................................. .2 .9 2.5 2.1 1.7 2.7 3.8 5.6 14.9 19.4 4.1 2.2 927

6 rooms 30.4 .................................. .2 – 1.4 .9 1.0 1.5 1.1 1.5 4.7 13.0 3.6 1.3 1 081

7 rooms 16.4 .................................. – – .2 .4 .2 .6 .6 .7 1.4 7.1 4.5 .7 1 262

8 rooms 4.7 .................................. – .2 – – .2 .2 – – .2 1.7 1.7 .4 ...

9 rooms 1.1 .................................. – – – – .2 – – – – .4 .4 – ...

10 rooms or more 2.4 .......................... – – .5 .2 – – – – .2 .6 .4 .4 ...

Median 4.0 ................................... ... 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.3 3.3 3.6 3.8 4.1 4.9 6.0 4.7 ...

Bedrooms

None 6.5 ..................................... – – 1.2 1.6 1.2 1.1 – .2 .2 .2 – .7 408 1 118.0 ........................................ 1.3 5.2 4.5 5.1 10.6 24.1 21.3 16.8 20.5 5.2 .9 2.5 633 2 136.0 ........................................ .4 2.8 2.0 3.8 6.2 9.6 19.8 20.2 39.2 27.6 2.5 1.8 811 3 67.4 ........................................ .5 .9 3.1 2.2 1.7 3.0 2.0 3.3 12.1 26.5 9.4 2.8 1 067

4 or more 19.3 ................................. – .2 .6 .9 .4 .6 .2 .4 2.0 7.6 4.9 1.3 1 236

Median 1.9 ................................... ... 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.7 1.9 2.5 3.1 2.2 ...

Complete Bathrooms

None 7.2 ..................................... – – .7 1.8 1.0 1.5 – .4 .4 .6 .4 .3 497

1 236.0 ........................................ 1.7 8.3 8.2 9.3 17.0 34.7 40.4 33.6 50.0 25.3 1.9 5.6 689

1 and one~half 35.1 ............................. .4 .4 1.0 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.1 3.9 12.0 11.0 1.3 .5 917

2 or more 68.8 ................................. – .4 1.5 1.3 1.1 1.0 1.9 2.9 11.6 30.1 13.9 2.8 1 184

Main Heating Equipment

Warm~air furnace 200.5 .......................... 1.2 4.9 7.1 6.3 8.4 18.7 21.2 20.6 41.3 50.5 14.7 5.4 843 Steam or hot water system 15.6 .................. – .9 1.2 1.5 1.3 2.8 1.3 2.3 2.0 1.3 – 1.0 584 Electric heat pump 5.3 ......................... – .2 .2 .2 – .2 .7 .9 1.3 .4 .9 .2 ... Built~in electric units 25.4 ........................ – .8 1.3 1.5 2.7 2.6 3.4 3.0 4.4 5.3 .3 .2 711 Floor, wall, or other built~in hot air units without ducts 80.7 .................................... .9 1.3 1.4 3.4 5.1 10.0 12.9 11.9 21.6 9.1 1.6 1.6 739 Room heaters with flue 8.3 ..................... – .2 – .5 1.3 1.9 2.0 .6 1.4 – – .4 601 Room heaters without flue .8 .................. – – – – – – .2 .4 .2 – – – ... Portable electric heaters 4.3 .................... – – .2 – .4 .9 .9 .9 .5 .4 .2 – ... Stoves .4 ................................... – – – – – – – .2 .2 – – – ... Fireplaces with inserts – ...................... – – – – – – – – – – – – ... Fireplaces without inserts – ................... – – – – – – – – – – – – ... Other 2.1 .................................... – .6 – – – .2 – – .7 .2 – .4 ... Cooking stove .6 ............................. – – – – – .4 .2 – – – – – ... None 2.9 ..................................... – – – .2 .9 .7 .6 – .4 – – – ...

Primary Source of Water

Public system or private company 344.1 ............ 2.1 9.1 11.5 13.4 19.9 38.3 43.2 40.3 73.3 66.9 17.6 8.6 775

Well serving 1 to 5 units 1.4 .................... – – – – .2 .2 .2 .2 – – – .6 ...

Drilled 1.2 .................................. – – – – – .2 .2 .2 – – – .6 ...

Dug – .................................... – – – – – – – – – – – – ...

Not reported .2 ............................ – – – – .2 – – – – – – – ...

Other 1.5 .................................... – – – .2 – – – .4 .7 .2 – – ...

Means of Sewage Disposal

Public sewer 343.9 .............................. 2.1 9.1 11.0 13.1 20.1 38.3 43.2 40.5 74.0 66.5 17.6 8.4 776

Septic tank, cesspool, chemical toilet 2.8 ......... – – .5 – – .2 .2 .4 – .7 – .8 ...

Other .4 .................................... – – – .4 – – – – – – – – ...

Main House Heating Fuel

Housing units with heating fuel 344.2 ...... 2.1 9.1 11.5 13.4 19.2 37.7 42.7 40.9 73.5 67.1 17.6 9.2 778

Electricity 100.5 ................................. .5 3.1 3.6 4.2 6.1 9.0 12.3 11.9 23.3 19.8 4.8 1.8 788

Piped gas 236.1 ................................. 1.6 5.6 7.2 8.8 12.3 27.3 30.0 27.6 49.8 46.9 12.8 6.2 780

Bottled gas 1.5 ................................ – – .2 .3 .2 .2 – – – – – .6 ...

Fuel oil 1.3 ................................... – – .2 – .2 .2 .4 .2 – – – – ...

Kerosene or other liquid fuel .7 ................. – – .3 – – – – .4 – – – – ...

Coal or coke .2 .............................. – – – – – – – – – – – .2 ...

Wood .9 .................................... – – – – – – – .2 .2 .2 – .2 ...

Solar energy .2 .............................. – – – – – – – .2 – – – – ...

Other 2.8 .................................... – .4 – – .4 .9 – .4 .2 .2 – .2 ...

116 AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 4~21. Housing Costs by Selected CharacteristicsmRenter Occupied UnitsmCon.

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Total

Less

than

$100

$100

to

$199

$200

to

$299

$300

to

$399

$400

to

$499

$500

to

$599

$600

to

$699

$700

to

$799

$800

to

$999

$1,000

to

$1,499

$1,500

or

more

No

cash

rent

Median

exclud~

ing no

cash

rent

Cooking Fuel

With cooking fuel 339.1 .................. 2.1 8.9 10.3 11.8 19.3 37.1 42.7 40.4 73.3 66.7 17.4 8.9 781

Electricity 188.3 ................................. .9 5.1 4.7 5.8 7.5 14.5 23.4 22.8 47.3 43.0 9.8 3.6 833

Piped gas 149.6 ................................. 1.2 3.8 5.4 5.8 11.8 22.7 19.2 17.6 26.1 23.7 7.6 4.8 714

Bottled gas 1.1 ................................ – – .3 .3 – – – – – – – .6 ...

Kerosene or other liquid fuel – ................. – – – – – – – – – – – – ...

Coal or coke – .............................. – – – – – – – – – – – – ...

Wood – .................................... – – – – – – – – – – – – ...

Other – .................................... – – – – – – – – – – – – ...

Persons

1 person 115.8 .................................. 1.5 5.0 6.4 6.6 9.8 18.6 17.0 14.5 19.1 10.7 2.6 4.0 647

2 persons 97.9 ................................. .4 1.9 1.7 3.9 4.4 10.4 11.0 11.1 25.7 20.5 4.7 2.2 823

3 persons 57.6 ................................. – 1.3 1.8 1.3 2.0 4.4 6.9 5.5 14.1 14.7 4.1 1.5 869

4 persons 40.6 ................................. .2 .4 .7 .4 2.8 2.5 3.9 5.5 9.1 10.5 3.7 .9 875

5 persons 20.2 ................................. – .2 .2 .4 1.0 1.6 2.8 2.6 3.3 5.9 1.7 .4 864

6 persons 9.1 ................................. – – .2 .7 – .4 1.4 1.1 1.8 2.8 .4 .2 866

7 persons or more 6.0 ......................... – .2 .4 .2 .2 .5 .2 .7 .9 2.2 .4 – 910

Median 2.1 ................................... ... 1.5~ 1.5~ 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.9 2.0 2.2 2.7 2.9 1.8 ...

Household Composition by Age of

Householder

2~or~more person households 231.3 ............... .6 4.1 5.1 6.9 10.3 19.9 26.4 26.4 54.9 56.5 15.0 5.2 849 Married~couple families, no nonrelatives 107.6 .... .2 .4 1.7 2.9 5.9 8.9 11.2 12.6 26.0 27.2 8.2 2.2 867 Under 25 years 6.2 ........................ – – .2 .2 1.1 .6 .7 .7 .9 1.8 – – 736 25 to 29 years 16.7 ......................... – – – – .6 1.1 3.4 1.9 5.0 3.1 .9 .7 838 30 to 34 years 21.5 ......................... .2 – – .4 1.6 1.4 2.1 1.5 6.2 5.2 1.9 .9 899 35 to 44 years 31.9 ......................... – .2 .5 .4 1.6 2.7 2.6 5.1 7.3 9.3 2.2 – 878 45 to 64 years 23.6 ......................... – – .6 1.1 .6 2.0 2.0 2.7 4.8 6.3 2.9 .6 901 65 years and over 7.7 ..................... – .2 .4 .8 .4 1.1 .4 .7 1.8 1.5 .4 – 780 Other male householder 47.6 .................. – .6 .4 .5 2.0 3.1 6.8 4.9 10.7 12.7 4.6 1.3 891 Under 45 years 36.7 ........................ – .4 .2 .5 1.0 2.1 5.7 4.3 7.6 10.3 3.7 .9 898 45 to 64 years 8.8 ......................... – – .2 – .4 1.0 1.0 .4 2.7 2.0 .9 .2 888 65 years and over 2.1 ..................... – .2 – – .5 – – .2 .5 .5 – .2 ... Other female householder 76.1 ................ .4 3.0 2.9 3.6 2.4 7.9 8.4 8.8 18.2 16.5 2.2 1.7 797 Under 45 years 52.5 ........................ .2 2.0 1.4 2.0 2.0 5.9 6.6 6.7 13.9 9.8 1.4 .7 787 45 to 64 years 20.1 ......................... .2 .8 1.1 1.1 .2 1.8 1.8 1.9 3.6 5.9 .8 .9 838 65 years and over 3.5 ..................... – .2 .4 .4 .2 .2 – .2 .7 .9 – .2 ... 1~person households 115.8 ....................... 1.5 5.0 6.4 6.6 9.8 18.6 17.0 14.5 19.1 10.7 2.6 4.0 647 Male householder 55.1 ........................ .3 1.8 2.1 4.1 4.7 7.9 7.8 6.9 10.0 5.8 1.5 2.1 672 Under 45 years 29.6 ........................ – .4 .6 1.9 2.0 4.4 4.9 3.7 6.5 3.4 1.1 .7 707 45 to 64 years 19.1 ......................... .3 .5 .7 1.6 1.9 2.8 2.0 3.0 2.2 2.4 .4 1.2 656 65 years and over 6.3 ..................... – .9 .7 .6 .8 .7 .9 .2 1.2 – – .2 500 Female householder 60.7 ..................... 1.2 3.2 4.3 2.5 5.1 10.7 9.2 7.6 9.1 4.8 1.0 1.9 626 Under 45 years 30.7 ........................ – .4 .7 1.1 2.9 6.4 6.6 3.9 4.6 2.9 – 1.3 649 45 to 64 years 13.1 ......................... .5 .6 1.6 – 1.3 2.4 .9 1.5 2.4 1.1 .6 .2 606

65 years and over 16.9 ..................... .7 2.1 2.0 1.4 .9 2.0 1.7 2.2 2.2 .9 .4 .4 557

Own Never Married Children Under

18 Years Old

No own children under 18 years 231.7 ............. 1.7 6.7 8.7 10.2 14.3 28.2 27.2 28.5 49.2 40.3 10.0 6.7 754

With own children under 18 years 115.4 ............ .4 2.4 2.8 3.4 5.8 10.3 16.2 12.4 24.8 26.9 7.6 2.4 823

Under 6 years only 30.2 ....................... .2 .4 – .2 2.0 3.0 3.9 3.0 6.7 7.8 1.7 1.1 851

1 19.6 .................................... – .2 – .2 .4 2.2 2.3 2.1 4.5 5.6 1.3 .6 885

2 10.0 .................................... .2 .2 – – 1.6 .8 1.6 .7 2.3 1.8 .4 .5 753

3 or more .7 ............................. – – – – – – – .2 – .5 – – ...

6 to 17 years only 57.5 ........................ .2 .9 2.0 2.5 2.9 4.5 7.8 7.2 13.1 12.3 3.1 .9 803

1 31.6 .................................... .2 .4 .9 .9 .9 3.9 5.2 2.7 8.0 6.0 1.8 .4 806

2 18.1 .................................... – .4 .7 .9 1.5 .4 2.2 3.2 3.3 4.3 .9 .2 788

3 or more 7.8 ............................. – – .4 .6 .5 .2 .4 1.3 1.8 2.0 .4 .2 839

Both age groups 27.6 ......................... – 1.1 .7 .7 .9 2.7 4.5 2.2 5.0 6.7 2.8 .5 837

2 12.0 .................................... – .5 – .2 .6 1.1 1.9 1.1 2.1 2.5 1.9 .2 854

3 or more 15.6 ............................. – .7 .7 .4 .2 1.6 2.6 1.1 2.9 4.3 .9 .2 825

Income of Families and Primary

Individuals

Less than $5,000 30.8 .......................... .5 1.6 1.9 2.1 2.8 2.2 3.1 2.8 5.5 4.4 1.5 2.5 698

$5,000 to $9,999 33.7 .......................... .9 5.6 5.5 2.0 2.4 5.2 2.9 3.2 2.9 2.0 .4 .7 502

$10,000 to $14,999 29.1 ........................ .2 – .9 3.4 4.5 4.6 4.0 3.5 4.2 2.2 .2 1.4 606

$15,000 to $19,999 31.5 ........................ – .2 .7 2.0 2.7 7.0 5.0 4.7 4.5 3.8 .2 .7 657

$20,000 to $24,999 29.6 ........................ – .4 .9 1.4 2.0 5.4 4.9 4.3 5.7 3.9 .2 .5 692

$25,000 to $29,999 25.7 ........................ .2 .4 – 1.0 1.9 4.0 4.4 3.6 5.8 3.7 .4 .2 722

$30,000 to $34,999 25.8 ........................ .3 .4 .3 .2 1.1 2.5 4.9 4.6 5.7 3.9 .8 1.0 758

$35,000 to $39,999 17.0 ........................ – .2 – .4 1.1 2.2 2.9 2.6 4.0 3.2 – .5 758

$40,000 to $49,999 29.9 ........................ – .2 .6 .2 1.1 1.4 3.3 4.1 9.7 7.8 .7 .9 875 $50,000 to $59,999 29.4 ........................ – – – .5 .2 1.1 3.6 3.7 11.5 7.2 1.4 .2 895 $60,000 to $79,999 35.0 ........................ – – .5 .4 .2 1.8 3.0 2.6 9.7 12.8 3.7 .4 983 $80,000 to $99,999 12.2 ........................ – – – – – .7 .5 .2 2.4 4.9 3.3 .2 1 227 $100,000 to $119,999 7.2 ...................... – – – – – – .2 .9 1.1 3.4 1.5 – 1 199 $120,000 or more 10.1 .......................... – – .2 – .2 .4 .6 .2 1.3 3.9 3.3 – 1 269 Median 28 670 ................................... ... 7 656 8 490 13 927 15 771 20 163 26 975 27 744 38 387 48 334 76 177 14 988 ...

Rent Reductions

No subsidy 271.4 ................................ 1.0 .4 3.4 5.2 15.7 29.8 36.7 35.8 63.5 58.8 13.3 7.8 812

Rent control 24.4 ............................. .3 .2 .5 .2 2.5 5.1 4.1 2.5 5.2 3.1 .4 .4 679

No rent control 245.2 .......................... .7 .2 2.9 5.0 13.2 24.5 32.6 32.9 57.6 55.5 12.6 7.4 824

Reduced by owner 17.8 ..................... – – .2 1.4 1.5 1.9 1.1 1.3 2.8 2.2 .2 5.2 718

Not reduced by owner 226.7 .................. .7 .2 2.7 3.6 11.7 22.6 31.2 31.6 54.6 53.1 12.4 2.2 829

Owner reduction not reported .6 ........... – – – – – – .2 – .2 .2 – – ...

Rent control not reported 1.8 ................. – – – – – .2 – .4 .7 .2 .2 – ... Owned by public housing authority 10.1 ........... .2 2.7 2.9 1.3 .4 1.6 – – .4 – – .5 263 Government subsidy 23.8 ....................... .7 5.5 3.9 4.6 2.0 1.1 2.7 .8 1.1 .7 .2 .5 333 Other, income verification 21.0 ................... – – – – .2 2.2 2.0 2.6 5.9 4.9 3.2 – 919 Subsidy not reported 20.7 ....................... .2 .4 1.2 2.4 1.9 3.7 2.1 1.7 3.1 2.8 .9 .4 615

1For mobile homes, oldest category is 1939 or earlier.

AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998 117

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 4~23. Units in Structure by Selected CharacteristicsmRenter Occupied Units

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Multiunit

Total 1, detached 1, attached Total 2 to 4 5 to 9 10 to 19 20 to 49 50 or more

Mobile

homes

Total 347.1 ................................ 112.3 45.1 186.8 65.4 41.5 28.6 26.7 24.7 2.8

Race and Origin

White 188.4 ....................................... 69.6 23.8 93.2 32.0 21.7 15.5 12.6 11.5 1.9 Non~Hispanic 164.4 ............................... 61.2 22.2 79.4 26.9 18.0 13.7 9.8 11.0 1.6 Hispanic 24.0 ................................... 8.4 1.5 13.8 5.1 3.7 1.8 2.8 .4 .3 Black 73.5 ........................................ 16.6 8.7 48.2 17.0 11.0 6.6 7.5 6.2 – American Indian, Eskimo, and Aleut 3.3 ............. 1.3 .6 1.3 .6 .2 – .2 .2 – Asian and Pacific Islander 38.7 ...................... 10.2 5.6 22.6 6.2 5.3 4.0 3.1 4.0 .3 Other 43.1 ....................................... 14.6 6.5 21.5 9.6 3.2 2.6 3.2 2.8 .6 Total Hispanic 59.0 ................................ 20.9 6.0 30.8 12.2 6.6 4.0 5.4 2.6 1.2

Cooperatives and Condominiums

Cooperatives 2.1 ................................. .6 .8 .7 .2 .2 .2 – – – Condominiums 22.9 ............................... 3.6 7.7 11.5 3.1 2.0 2.0 2.4 2.1 –

Year Structure Built1

2000 to 2004 – ................................. –– –––––– – 1995 to 1999 2.7 ................................. 1.5 .5 .7 .2 – – .2 .2 – 1990 to 1994 10.4 ................................. 3.8 2.7 3.9 .5 .2 1.8 .5 .9 – 1985 to 1989 24.1 ................................. 5.2 5.6 12.6 4.5 1.9 2.2 1.4 2.6 .6 1980 to 1984 14.3 ................................. 4.8 2.6 6.9 2.0 1.5 1.8 .4 1.1 – 1975 to 1979 28.0 ................................. 6.5 5.7 14.3 3.9 2.6 2.8 2.7 2.3 1.6 1970 to 1974 38.3 ................................. 10.6 6.8 20.9 5.2 3.7 3.0 4.1 4.8 – 1960 to 1969 65.7 ................................. 20.4 8.1 37.2 9.5 8.6 5.2 8.0 5.9 – 1950 to 1959 58.0 ................................. 21.9 6.2 29.9 10.5 7.3 3.9 4.9 3.4 – 1940 to 1949 36.7 ................................. 18.0 3.0 15.1 6.2 4.2 3.1 .9 .7 .6 1930 to 1939 29.2 ................................. 8.6 2.7 17.9 10.1 4.4 1.5 1.2 .8 – 1920 to 1929 18.3 ................................. 5.2 .4 12.7 5.6 3.3 1.5 1.3 1.0 – 1919 or earlier 21.3 ................................ 5.7 .9 14.8 7.3 3.6 1.7 1.2 1.0 – Median 1962 ...................................... 1959 1971 1961 1953 1957 1965 1965 1969 ...

Rooms

1 room 5.5 ...................................... 1.3 – 4.2 .2 .5 1.2 1.0 1.3 – 2 rooms 8.7 ..................................... 1.8 .7 5.9 1.4 1.6 .9 .2 1.9 .3 3 rooms 98.2 ..................................... 11.5 10.4 75.1 18.2 16.0 14.4 13.5 13.1 1.3 4 rooms 119.8 ..................................... 23.0 23.0 72.8 29.1 17.5 9.0 10.3 6.9 .9 5 rooms 59.9 ..................................... 31.5 7.7 20.8 10.4 4.6 2.9 1.6 1.3 – 6 rooms 30.4 ..................................... 21.8 2.5 5.7 4.4 1.1 .2 – – .3 7 rooms 16.4 ..................................... 14.0 .9 1.6 1.3 – – – .2 – 8 rooms 4.7 ..................................... 4.3 – .4 .2 .2 – – – – 9 rooms 1.1 ..................................... 1.1 – – – – – – – – 10 rooms or more 2.4 ............................. 2.2 – .3 .3 – – – – – Median 4.0 ...................................... 5.1 4.0 3.6 3.9 3.7 3.3 3.4 3.2 ...

Bedrooms

None 6.5 ........................................ 1.3 – 4.9 .2 .7 1.4 1.0 1.5 .3

1 118.0 ........................................... 14.8 12.5 89.1 23.3 18.9 15.3 15.9 15.8 1.6

2 136.0 ........................................... 33.0 25.2 76.8 32.0 18.4 10.5 9.1 6.7 .9

3 67.4 ........................................... 45.0 6.9 15.4 9.3 3.5 1.4 .6 .7 –

4 or more 19.3 .................................... 18.2 .4 .7 .7 –––– –

Median 1.9 ...................................... 2.7 1.9 1.5 1.8 1.6 1.3 1.3 1.2 ...

Complete Bathrooms

None 7.2 ........................................ 3.0 .2 3.9 .4 .2 1.2 .6 1.5 –

1 236.0 ........................................... 58.0 27.2 148.3 53.2 34.3 21.0 22.0 17.8 2.5

1 and one~half 35.1 ................................ 12.8 7.3 15.0 5.9 3.5 2.0 1.5 2.2 –

2 or more 68.8 .................................... 38.5 10.4 19.6 5.9 3.5 4.4 2.6 3.2 .3

Square Footage of Unit

Single detached and mobile homes 115.1 ..... 112.3 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 2.8

Less than 500 6.5 ................................ 5.6 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .9

500 to 749 6.9 ................................... 5.6 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 1.3

750 to 999 9.9 ................................... 9.9 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... –

1,000 to 1,499 31.0 ................................ 30.7 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .3

1,500 to 1,999 17.3 ................................ 17.3 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... –

2,000 to 2,499 4.9 ................................ 4.9 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... –

2,500 to 2,999 2.3 ................................ 2.3 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... –

3,000 to 3,999 1.3 ................................ 1.3 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... –

4,000 or more 2.4 ................................ 2.4 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... –

Not reported 32.6 ................................. 32.3 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .3

Median 1 290 ...................................... 1 309 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Persons per Room

0.50 or less 197.2 .................................. 58.4 26.0 111.2 39.6 24.1 16.1 15.0 16.5 1.5

0.51 to 1.00 129.0 .................................. 46.6 17.3 63.8 20.6 14.8 11.5 10.1 6.9 1.3

1.01 to 1.50 18.1 .................................. 6.2 1.8 10.2 4.8 2.0 1.1 1.6 .7 –

1.51 or more 2.8 ................................. 1.1 – 1.7 .5 .5 – – .6 –

Square Feet per Person

Single detached and mobile homes 115.1 ..... 112.3 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 2.8

Less than 200 8.2 ................................ 7.6 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .6

200 to 299 13.2 ................................... 12.9 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .3

300 to 399 10.3 ................................... 10.0 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .3

400 to 499 12.8 ................................... 12.2 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .6

500 to 599 9.7 ................................... 9.4 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .3

600 to 699 7.8 ................................... 7.5 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .3

700 to 799 3.5 ................................... 3.5 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... –

800 to 899 2.1 ................................... 2.1 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... –

900 to 999 2.8 ................................... 2.8 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... –

1,000 to 1,499 6.2 ................................ 6.2 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... –

1,500 or more 5.8 ................................ 5.8 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... –

Not reported 32.6 ................................. 32.3 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .3

Median 474 ...................................... 478 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

118 AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 4~23. Units in Structure by Selected CharacteristicsmRenter Occupied UnitsmCon.

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Multiunit

Total 1, detached 1, attached Total 2 to 4 5 to 9 10 to 19 20 to 49 50 or more

Mobile

homes

Equipment2

Lacking complete kitchen facilities 16.3 .............. 1.6 – 14.4 5.6 2.5 1.9 1.6 2.8 .3

With complete kitchen (sink, refrigerator, and oven

or burners) 330.8 .................................. 110.8 45.1 172.4 59.8 39.0 26.7 25.0 21.9 2.5

Kitchen sink 343.3 .................................. 111.6 45.1 183.7 65.0 41.2 28.0 26.3 23.2 2.8

Refrigerator 344.5 .................................. 112.1 45.1 184.5 64.6 41.5 28.4 26.2 23.8 2.8

Cooking stove or range 338.7 ........................ 110.6 45.1 180.5 63.2 40.8 27.8 26.1 22.5 2.5

Burners, no stove or range – ..................... –– –––––– –

Microwave oven only .4 .......................... .4 – – – – – – – –

Dishwasher 139.1 .................................. 45.8 27.8 65.3 16.8 12.6 12.2 10.4 13.3 .3

Washing machine 136.4 ............................. 77.2 19.5 39.4 22.3 7.0 4.4 3.0 2.6 .3

Clothes dryer 131.5 ................................. 72.8 18.0 40.1 21.8 7.7 4.9 3.2 2.6 .6

Disposal in kitchen sink 191.4 ........................ 53.9 34.9 102.2 26.7 22.4 17.6 17.3 18.3 .3

Trash compactor 11.5 ............................. 4.4 2.0 5.1 2.4 1.1 .7 .4 .5 –

Air conditioning:

Central 54.1 .................................... 17.8 14.4 21.3 5.4 4.4 4.0 2.6 4.9 .6

Additional Central 1.9 ........................... 1.0 .7 .2 – – .2 – – –

1 room unit 43.9 ................................ 11.6 6.4 24.7 7.1 7.3 3.7 2.0 4.6 1.2

2 room units 8.5 ............................... 4.4 1.0 3.1 1.5 .4 .5 .6 – –

3 room units or more 2.4 ........................ 1.7 – .7 .4 .2 – – – –

Main Heating Equipment

Warm~air furnace 200.5 ............................. 76.1 30.8 91.3 31.7 20.5 14.9 13.3 10.9 2.2

Steam or hot water system 15.6 ..................... .7 .9 13.7 1.5 1.8 2.8 3.7 3.9 .3

Electric heat pump 5.3 ............................ 1.7 1.1 2.5 .9 .2 .2 .2 .9 –

Built~in electric units 25.4 ........................... 5.0 3.9 16.5 4.5 3.9 3.3 1.7 3.0 –

Floor, wall, or other built~in hot air units without

ducts 80.7 ....................................... 22.2 7.6 50.7 21.5 12.0 5.3 6.8 5.1 .3

Room heaters with flue 8.3 ........................ 2.1 .4 5.8 2.0 1.6 1.4 .6 .2 –

Room heaters without flue .8 ..................... .4 – .4 .2 – .2 – – –

Portable electric heaters 4.3 ....................... 1.7 .2 2.4 1.3 .7 – – .4 –

Stoves .4 ...................................... .2 .2 – – – – – – –

Fireplaces with inserts – ......................... –– –––––– –

Fireplaces without inserts – ...................... –– –––––– –

Other 2.1 ....................................... .7 – 1.5 .7 .4 – .2 .2 –

Cooking stove .6 ................................ .4 – .2 .2 – – – – –

None 2.9 ........................................ 1.1 – 1.8 .9 .5 .4 – – –

Plumbing

With all plumbing facilities 340.8 ...................... 111.0 45.1 181.9 64.8 40.8 27.6 26.0 22.8 2.8 Lacking some or all plumbing facilities2 .......... 6.3 1.3 – 5.0 .7 .7 1.0 .7 1.9 – No hot piped water 1.3 .......................... .2 – 1.0 – – .4 – .6 – No bathtub nor shower 3.1 ...................... .2 – 2.9 – – .8 .5 1.7 – No flush toilet 3.6 .............................. .7 – 2.9 – – .8 .5 1.7 – No exclusive use 3.2 ........................... .4 – 2.7 .7 .7 .2 .4 .7 –

Primary Source of Water

Public system or private company 344.1 ............... 111.0 45.1 185.6 65.2 41.5 28.0 26.4 24.5 2.5

Well serving 1 to 5 units 1.4 ....................... 1.1 – – – – – – – .3

Drilled 1.2 ..................................... .9 – – – – – – – .3

Dug – ....................................... –– –––––– – Not reported .2 ............................... .2 – – – – – – – – Other 1.5 ....................................... .3 – 1.3 .2 – .6 .2 .2 –

Units Using Each Fuel2

Electricity 346.7 .................................... 112.3 44.9 186.6 65.2 41.5 28.6 26.7 24.7 2.8

Piped gas 318.2 .................................... 105.9 40.6 169.8 61.6 39.3 24.9 22.7 21.3 1.9

Bottled gas 1.8 ................................... .4 – .5 .2 – – .2 – .9

Fuel oil 21.5 ...................................... 7.7 6.0 7.9 1.4 .9 1.8 .5 3.2 –

Kerosene or other liquid fuel .9 .................... .2 .2 .2 – – .2 – – .3

Coal or coke .2 ................................. .2 – – – – – – – –

Wood 27.9 ....................................... 17.4 3.5 7.0 4.4 1.1 .4 .6 .4 –

Solar energy 1.7 ................................. – – 1.7 – .5 – 1.0 .2 –

Other 4.9 ....................................... 1.1 – 3.8 .2 .2 1.1 1.5 .7 –

All electric units ... ............................... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Selected Amenities2

Porch, deck, balcony, or patio 249.8 .................. 91.3 38.6 118.7 44.0 24.7 17.5 16.1 16.4 1.3

Telephone available ... ........................... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Usable fireplace 87.9 .............................. 55.8 11.9 20.1 9.2 5.0 1.8 2.4 1.7 –

Separate dining room 58.2 ......................... 32.4 5.0 20.8 11.4 3.9 1.8 2.2 1.5 –

With 2 or more living rooms or recreation rooms,

etc. 38.2 ........................................ 28.2 2.6 7.2 4.3 1.5 .7 .2 .5 .3

Garage or carport included with home 235.5 ........... 87.0 36.8 110.1 35.6 22.9 18.9 15.6 17.1 1.6

Not included 111.2 ................................. 25.1 8.3 76.5 29.6 18.6 9.7 11.1 7.6 1.2

Offstreet parking included 75.7 .................... 19.3 7.2 47.9 18.4 12.1 5.5 7.4 4.5 1.2

Offstreet parking not reported .4 ................ – – .4 .2 .2 – – – –

Garage or carport not reported .4 ................. .2 – .2 .2 – – – – –

Selected Deficiencies2

Signs of rats in last 3 months 7.1 ................... 4.4 – 2.7 1.6 .4 .4 .2 – – Signs of mice in last 3 months 29.4 .................. 14.6 1.1 13.1 5.7 2.1 2.8 2.0 .5 .6

Signs of rodents, not sure which kind in last 3

months 2.4 ..................................... .9 .2 1.0 .4 .2 – .4 – .3

Holes in floors 7.6 ................................ 2.5 .6 4.1 2.0 1.1 .9 .2 – .3

Open cracks or holes (interior) 39.9 .................. 15.7 2.3 21.9 9.2 5.4 3.1 3.2 1.0 –

Broken plaster or peeling paint (interior) 25.5 ......... 10.4 1.7 13.4 6.4 2.5 1.5 1.8 1.3 –

No electrical wiring – ............................ –– –––––– –

Exposed wiring 3.7 ............................... 1.7 .2 1.8 .9 .5 .2 .2 – –

Rooms without electric outlets 11.6 .................. 4.3 .9 5.9 2.1 1.1 1.6 .9 .2 .6

Selected Physical Problems

Severe physical problems2 ..................... 14.8 4.3 .6 9.8 2.9 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 –

Plumbing 6.5 .................................. 1.6 – 5.0 .7 .7 1.0 .7 1.9 –

Heating 7.7 .................................... 2.6 .4 4.6 2.0 .9 .4 1.2 .2 –

Electric 1.0 .................................... .6 .2 .2 .2 – – – – –

Upkeep .6 .................................... .4 – .2 – – .2 – – –

Hallways – ................................... –– –––––– –

Moderate physical problems2................... 26.2 7.3 .8 17.7 7.8 3.5 2.2 2.6 1.5 .3

Plumbing 1.1 .................................. .2 .4 .4 .2 – .2 – – –

Heating .6 .................................... .4 – .2 – – .2 – – –

Upkeep.................................... 12.2 5.6 .4 6.2 2.4 1.5 .5 1.4 .4 –

Hallways 1.1 ................................... – – 1.1 .6 .2 .2 – – –

Kitchen 12.9 .................................... 1.1 – 11.5 5.6 2.0 1.3 1.5 1.1 .3

AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998 119

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 4~23. Units in Structure by Selected CharacteristicsmRenter Occupied UnitsmCon.

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Multiunit

Total 1, detached 1, attached Total 2 to 4 5 to 9 10 to 19 20 to 49 50 or more

Mobile

homes

Persons

1 person 115.8 ..................................... 24.3 14.3 75.9 22.2 15.2 12.7 11.7 14.2 1.2

2 persons 97.9 .................................... 25.3 14.1 57.8 20.0 14.6 8.6 8.2 6.5 .6

3 persons 57.6 .................................... 21.9 9.3 25.5 11.0 5.4 4.5 2.9 1.6 1.0

4 persons 40.6 .................................... 20.7 5.0 14.9 6.0 2.9 2.0 2.7 1.3 –

5 persons 20.2 .................................... 11.7 1.5 6.9 3.3 2.2 .2 .9 .2 –

6 persons 9.1 .................................... 4.7 .6 3.7 1.9 .5 .5 .2 .7 –

7 persons or more 6.0 ............................ 3.7 .2 2.1 .9 .7 .2 – .2 –

Median 2.1 ...................................... 2.8 2.1 1.8 2.0 1.9 1.7 1.7 1.5~ ...

Persons 65 Years Old and Over

None 303.1 ........................................ 99.7 38.6 162.7 58.2 37.0 25.7 23.8 18.0 2.2

1 person 36.0 ..................................... 9.8 5.1 20.8 6.3 3.8 2.2 2.5 6.0 .3

2 persons or more 8.0 ............................ 2.8 1.5 3.4 .9 .7 .7 .4 .7 .3

Age of Householder

Under 25 years 41.5 ............................... 9.6 3.6 28.3 7.4 7.0 5.1 6.4 2.4 –

25 to 29 47.9 ..................................... 15.3 4.7 27.2 10.7 6.0 3.6 4.3 2.6 .7

30 to 34 52.1 ..................................... 15.9 7.3 28.9 11.0 4.9 4.4 5.1 3.5 –

35 to 44 84.2 ..................................... 31.0 12.6 40.4 13.6 10.0 9.0 3.0 4.8 .3

45 to 54 57.7 ..................................... 21.8 7.4 28.6 12.1 6.5 3.2 3.8 3.0 –

55 to 64 27.0 ..................................... 10.0 3.6 12.2 4.8 3.3 .9 1.3 1.9 1.2

65 to 74 19.3 ..................................... 4.7 2.6 11.7 3.5 2.9 1.2 .9 3.2 .3

75 years and over 17.3 ............................ 4.0 3.3 9.7 2.4 .9 1.3 1.8 3.3 .3

Median 39 ...................................... 40 40 37 38 38 36 33 43 ...

Household Composition by Age of

Householder

2~or~more person households 231.3 .................. 88.0 30.8 110.9 43.3 26.3 15.9 15.0 10.5 1.6 Married~couple families, no nonrelatives 107.6 ....... 45.7 14.1 46.5 17.0 10.6 5.9 5.6 7.3 1.3 Under 25 years 6.2 ........................... 2.6 1.1 2.5 .9 .9 .2 .5 – – 25 to 29 years 16.7 ............................ 4.8 2.4 9.2 3.2 1.9 1.2 1.5 1.4 .3 30 to 34 years 21.5 ............................ 8.1 2.6 10.8 5.0 1.8 .9 1.4 1.7 – 35 to 44 years 31.9 ............................ 15.2 3.9 12.8 4.6 2.8 2.3 1.3 1.7 – 45 to 64 years 23.6 ............................ 12.9 2.7 7.5 2.3 2.4 .7 .5 1.6 .6 65 years and over 7.7 ........................ 2.1 1.5 3.8 1.1 .7 .7 .4 .9 .3 Other male householder 47.6 ..................... 16.5 6.5 24.3 8.2 6.7 4.6 3.3 1.4 .3 Under 45 years 36.7 ........................... 12.2 5.2 19.1 5.2 5.9 4.1 2.7 1.2 .3 45 to 64 years 8.8 ............................ 3.7 1.1 4.1 2.6 .6 .2 .4 .2 – 65 years and over 2.1 ........................ .7 .3 1.2 .5 .3 .3 .2 – – Other female householder 76.1 ................... 25.8 10.2 40.1 18.0 8.9 5.4 6.0 1.7 – Under 45 years 52.5 ........................... 16.5 7.2 28.8 11.4 7.0 4.5 4.7 1.3 – 45 to 64 years 20.1 ............................ 8.1 2.8 9.1 5.5 1.3 .9 1.2 .2 – 65 years and over 3.5 ........................ 1.1 .2 2.2 1.1 .6 – .2 .2 – 1~person households 115.8 .......................... 24.3 14.3 75.9 22.2 15.2 12.7 11.7 14.2 1.2

Male householder 55.1 ........................... 15.4 4.3 35.0 10.5 7.3 5.3 5.3 6.5 .3

Under 45 years 29.6 ........................... 8.8 1.9 19.0 6.3 3.5 3.5 2.6 3.1 –

45 to 64 years 19.1 ............................ 5.0 1.8 12.0 3.9 3.1 1.6 1.7 1.7 .3

65 years and over 6.3 ........................ 1.7 .6 4.0 .4 .7 .2 .9 1.7 –

Female householder 60.7 ........................ 8.9 10.0 40.9 11.6 7.8 7.4 6.4 7.7 .9

Under 45 years 30.7 ........................... 3.6 4.2 22.6 6.2 3.9 5.4 4.2 2.8 .3

45 to 64 years 13.1 ............................ 2.1 2.6 8.2 2.6 2.4 .6 1.3 1.2 .3

65 years and over 16.9 ........................ 3.2 3.3 10.2 2.8 1.5 1.3 .9 3.6 .3

Household Income

Less than $5,000 28.2 ............................. 10.3 3.5 14.1 3.7 2.7 3.0 1.5 3.2 .3

$5,000 to $9,999 31.1 ............................. 8.8 3.4 18.5 7.7 3.7 2.3 2.2 2.6 .3

$10,000 to $14,999 24.3 ........................... 3.7 3.0 17.6 4.6 5.0 3.2 3.2 1.6 –

$15,000 to $19,999 27.4 ........................... 7.5 2.6 17.3 6.0 4.7 1.6 3.1 2.0 –

$20,000 to $24,999 26.9 ........................... 7.0 2.2 17.2 8.1 3.0 2.9 1.7 1.3 .6

$25,000 to $29,999 24.6 ........................... 8.8 3.2 12.2 3.7 2.2 .9 3.4 2.0 .3

$30,000 to $34,999 23.8 ........................... 5.9 2.8 14.1 5.0 3.7 2.4 1.5 1.5 1.0

$35,000 to $39,999 18.6 ........................... 4.4 1.1 13.1 4.1 3.0 1.6 2.4 2.0 –

$40,000 to $49,999 30.6 ........................... 10.5 4.1 16.0 4.6 3.8 2.9 1.4 3.4 –

$50,000 to $59,999 32.9 ........................... 10.7 5.2 16.7 8.3 3.1 2.2 1.6 1.5 .3

$60,000 to $79,999 43.4 ........................... 17.2 7.3 18.9 5.3 5.0 3.8 2.9 2.0 –

$80,000 to $99,999 14.8 ........................... 7.7 2.6 4.5 1.8 .6 .6 .5 1.0 –

$100,000 to $119,999 8.1 ......................... 3.5 1.6 3.0 1.1 .6 .5 .4 .4 –

$120,000 or more 12.3 ............................. 6.4 2.4 3.5 1.3 .4 .6 .9 .2 –

Median 32 329 ...................................... 39 793 41 683 28 556 28 360 28 944 30 667 27 369 29 017 ...

As percent of poverty level:

Less than 50 percent 33.5 .......................... 12.3 4.4 16.6 4.6 4.0 3.3 1.3 3.4 .3

50 to 99 33.7 ..................................... 9.4 4.1 20.2 7.8 4.3 3.1 2.9 2.1 –

100 to 149 35.7 ................................... 10.1 3.5 21.8 8.8 5.5 1.9 3.6 1.9 .3 150 to 199 28.6 ................................... 9.7 2.1 16.2 4.6 3.0 2.7 3.5 2.4 .6 200 percent or more 215.6 .......................... 70.8 31.1 112.1 39.7 24.6 17.6 15.3 14.9 1.6

Income of Families and Primary

Individuals

Less than $5,000 30.8 ............................. 11.6 3.9 15.0 3.9 2.7 3.2 2.0 3.2 .3

$5,000 to $9,999 33.7 ............................. 9.4 3.9 20.0 8.3 4.1 2.5 2.4 2.6 .3

$10,000 to $14,999 29.1 ........................... 5.2 3.2 20.7 5.3 6.0 3.6 3.5 2.2 –

$15,000 to $19,999 31.5 ........................... 9.5 3.2 18.8 6.6 5.1 1.6 3.3 2.2 –

$20,000 to $24,999 29.6 ........................... 8.1 2.2 18.7 8.8 3.5 3.1 2.0 1.3 .6

$25,000 to $29,999 25.7 ........................... 9.2 3.0 13.1 3.9 2.9 1.2 3.1 2.0 .3

$30,000 to $34,999 25.8 ........................... 7.0 3.0 14.8 5.9 3.6 2.2 1.5 1.5 1.0

$35,000 to $39,999 17.0 ........................... 4.1 1.1 11.8 3.9 2.8 1.4 2.3 1.3 –

$40,000 to $49,999 29.9 ........................... 11.1 4.2 14.7 4.2 3.2 2.9 1.1 3.4 –

$50,000 to $59,999 29.4 ........................... 10.1 4.8 14.2 7.0 2.4 2.0 1.3 1.5 .3

$60,000 to $79,999 35.0 ........................... 12.7 6.2 16.1 4.2 3.9 3.5 2.3 2.1 –

$80,000 to $99,999 12.2 ........................... 6.6 2.8 2.8 1.4 .2 .2 .5 .6 –

$100,000 to $119,999 7.2 ......................... 2.8 1.1 3.2 .6 .8 .7 .7 .4 –

$120,000 or more 10.1 ............................. 4.9 2.4 2.8 1.3 .2 .4 .7 .2 –

Median 28 670 ...................................... 32 219 35 526 25 069 24 839 24 023 25 800 25 272 26 923 ...

120 AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 4~23. Units in Structure by Selected CharacteristicsmRenter Occupied UnitsmCon.

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Multiunit

Total 1, detached 1, attached Total 2 to 4 5 to 9 10 to 19 20 to 49 50 or more

Mobile

homes

Monthly Housing Costs

Less than $100 2.1 ............................... .2 .8 .7 .2 .5 – – – .3

$100 to $199 9.1 ................................. 1.5 .7 6.9 2.2 1.8 .7 .7 1.6 –

$200 to $249 4.5 ................................. .7 .4 3.4 .7 .7 .7 .4 .9 –

$250 to $299 7.0 ................................. 2.2 .4 4.1 .6 1.4 – .7 1.4 .3

$300 to $349 5.4 ................................. .9 .7 3.5 1.3 .9 1.1 .2 – .3

$350 to $399 8.2 ................................. 1.9 .7 5.6 2.5 .9 .9 .6 .7 –

$400 to $449 7.2 ................................. 1.9 .4 4.9 2.1 1.4 .6 .7 .2 –

$450 to $499 12.9 ................................. 2.6 1.3 9.0 2.5 2.4 1.6 2.2 .4 –

$500 to $599 38.5 ................................. 9.0 3.2 26.3 7.1 7.2 4.4 4.8 2.8 –

$600 to $699 43.4 ................................. 8.9 6.6 26.6 9.6 6.6 4.0 3.7 2.7 1.3

$700 to $799 40.9 ................................. 11.5 4.1 25.0 10.4 4.5 3.2 3.5 3.5 .3

$800 to $999 74.0 ................................. 19.6 13.1 41.3 16.2 7.6 6.5 4.9 6.1 –

$1,000 to $1,249 44.2 ............................. 20.3 6.4 17.6 5.8 3.8 2.6 3.0 2.4 –

$1,250 to $1,499 22.9 ............................. 13.6 3.0 6.3 2.2 1.3 1.1 .2 1.5 –

$1,500 or more 17.6 ............................... 12.1 3.1 2.4 1.1 .4 .4 .2 .2 –

No cash rent 9.2 ................................. 5.3 .4 3.2 1.1 .2 .7 .9 .3 .3

Median (excludes no cash rent) 775 ............... 924 849 703 734 653 699 669 741 ...

Monthly Housing Costs as Percent of

Current Income3

Less than 5 percent 2.2 ........................... 1.0 .7 .5 .2 .3 – – – –

5 to 9 percent 10.3 ................................ 2.5 1.5 6.3 2.0 1.3 .7 1.7 .6 –

10 to 14 percent 26.3 .............................. 9.1 4.5 12.1 4.2 2.8 2.2 .9 1.9 .6

15 to 19 percent 46.0 .............................. 14.2 6.7 24.8 9.2 5.5 4.5 3.4 2.2 .3

20 to 24 percent 42.1 .............................. 12.7 8.3 21.1 6.2 5.2 2.7 3.5 3.5 –

25 to 29 percent 34.3 .............................. 9.0 4.0 20.7 5.8 5.1 3.0 4.2 2.6 .6

30 to 34 percent 35.3 .............................. 8.5 4.6 22.3 10.2 4.1 3.2 2.0 2.8 –

35 to 39 percent 22.0 .............................. 9.1 1.3 11.6 4.1 2.9 2.0 1.3 1.3 –

40 to 49 percent 31.8 .............................. 11.5 2.0 17.7 5.7 4.3 2.6 3.0 2.0 .6

50 to 59 percent 19.0 .............................. 5.6 1.7 11.7 3.9 3.1 1.5 1.9 1.4 –

60 to 69 percent 10.9 .............................. 3.5 2.2 5.3 2.3 1.2 .2 .7 .9 –

70 to 99 percent 18.2 .............................. 6.1 2.3 9.8 3.5 1.9 1.5 1.3 1.5 –

100 percent or more4.......................... 28.3 9.4 3.2 15.3 6.1 2.6 2.7 1.7 2.2 .3

Zero or negative income 11.1 ....................... 4.8 1.7 4.5 .9 .9 1.1 .4 1.3 –

No cash rent 9.2 ................................. 5.3 .4 3.2 1.1 .2 .7 .9 .3 .3

Median (excludes 2 previous lines) 30 ........... 32 25 31 32 30 30 29 31 ...

Median (excludes 3 lines before medians) 28 ..... 29 24 29 31 29 28 28 29 ...

1For mobile homes, oldest category is 1939 or earlier.

2Figures may not add to total because more than one category may apply to a unit.

3Beginning with 1989 this item uses current income in its calculation, see Appendix A.

4May reflect a temporary situation, living off savings or response error.

AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998 121

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 5~1. Introductory CharacteristicsmOccupied Units With Black Householder

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Tenure Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Selected subareas1

Physical problems

Total

occupied

units Owner Renter

New

con~

struction

4 years

Mobile

homes Severe Moderate

Elderly

(65 years

and over)

Moved in

past year

Below

poverty

level Area one Area two Area three

Total 111.1 ................................ 37.6 73.5 1.2 1.0 4.1 8.8 16.4 22.3 23.3 54.3 30.6 26.2

Tenure

Owner occupied 37.6 .............................. 37.6 ... 1.2 1.0 .5 .7 9.3 3.4 3.9 16.5 10.6 10.5

Percent of all occupied 33.8 ...................... 100.0 ... 100.0 100.0 11.0 7.8 56.3 15.5 16.8 30.4 34.6 40.0

Renter occupied 73.5 .............................. ... 73.5 – – 3.6 8.1 7.2 18.9 19.4 37.8 20.0 15.7

Race and Origin

White ... ....................................... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Non~Hispanic ... ............................... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Hispanic ... ................................... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Black 111.1 ........................................ 37.6 73.5 1.2 1.0 4.1 8.8 16.4 22.3 23.3 54.3 30.6 26.2

American Indian, Eskimo, and Aleut ... ............. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Asian and Pacific Islander ... ...................... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Other ... ....................................... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Total Hispanic 1.1 ................................ .4 .7 – – – .2 – .3 .2 .4 .5 .2

Units in Structure

1, detached 48.2 .................................. 31.6 16.6 .9 ... .4 2.2 10.1 6.0 8.9 23.5 11.8 12.9

1, attached 11.5 ................................... 2.8 8.7 .4 ... .2 .4 .7 3.4 1.7 1.3 5.9 4.3

2 to 4 18.7 ....................................... 1.7 17.0 – ... 1.1 2.9 2.4 4.4 5.2 10.4 4.7 3.6

5 to 9 11.0 ....................................... – 11.0 – ... .7 1.1 1.2 2.2 2.3 6.3 3.0 1.7

10 to 19 6.6 ..................................... – 6.6 – ... .2 .9 .2 2.1 2.0 4.1 1.6 .9

20 to 49 7.5 ..................................... – 7.5 – ... .6 1.1 .2 2.0 1.3 4.9 1.1 1.6

50 or more 6.6 ................................... .4 6.2 – ... .8 .3 1.6 2.3 1.9 3.5 2.2 .9

Mobile home or trailer 1.0 ......................... 1.0 – – 1.0 – – – – – .3 .3 .3

Cooperatives and Condominiums

Cooperatives .5 ................................. .2 .2 – – – – – .5 – – .5 –

Condominiums 5.6 ............................... 2.1 3.5 .4 – .2 .2 .4 1.5 .9 1.6 3.0 1.1

Year Structure Built2

2000 to 2004 – ................................. – – – –– –––––– –

1995 to 1999 1.2 ................................. 1.2 – 1.2 – – – – .4 – .2 .4 .6

1990 to 1994 2.5 ................................. 1.3 1.1 – – .5 – .2 .9 .9 .4 .9 1.1

1985 to 1989 6.6 ................................. 2.2 4.5 ... – – – .7 1.5 .9 1.8 2.0 2.9

1980 to 1984 4.6 ................................. 1.0 3.5 ... – .2 .7 .6 1.6 .9 1.1 2.4 1.1

1975 to 1979 7.2 ................................. 2.5 4.6 ... .3 .4 .5 .4 .6 1.0 1.8 3.0 2.4

1970 to 1974 9.2 ................................. 2.8 6.4 ... .6 .2 .9 .2 1.8 1.8 3.4 3.0 2.7

1960 to 1969 18.3 ................................. 4.2 14.1 ... – .2 1.5 2.0 3.1 3.0 8.2 5.1 5.1

1950 to 1959 20.7 ................................. 5.5 15.2 ... – 1.1 1.9 4.3 3.9 4.7 11.1 5.8 3.8

1940 to 1949 14.8 ................................. 5.0 9.8 ... – .2 1.1 2.4 3.5 3.3 8.4 2.4 4.0

1930 to 1939 12.0 ................................. 5.7 6.3 ... – – 1.3 2.2 1.8 2.4 7.5 2.7 1.7

1920 to 1929 8.5 ................................. 4.0 4.5 ... – .5 .9 1.6 2.3 2.3 6.1 1.5 .8

1919 or earlier 5.6 ................................ 2.2 3.5 ... – .8 – 1.8 .9 2.1 4.1 1.6 –

Median 1957 ...................................... 1954 1958 ... ... ... 1956 1951 1957 1953 1951 1963 1965

1See back cover for details.

2For mobile homes, oldest category is 1939 or earlier.

122 AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 5~2. Height and Condition of BuildingmOccupied Units With Black Householder

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Tenure Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Selected subareas1

Physical problems

Total

occupied

units Owner Renter

New

con~

struction

4 years

Mobile

homes Severe Moderate

Elderly

(65 years

and over)

Moved in

past year

Below

poverty

level Area one Area two Area three

Total 111.1 ................................ 37.6 73.5 1.2 1.0 4.1 8.8 16.4 22.3 23.3 54.3 30.6 26.2

Stories in Structure2

1 43.9 ........................................... 19.1 24.8 .4 ... .4 2.4 8.0 7.0 9.0 17.3 12.1 14.5

2 46.4 ........................................... 14.8 31.6 .8 ... 2.0 4.6 6.7 10.6 10.9 21.5 14.9 10.0

3 11.9 ........................................... 2.2 9.7 – ... .6 .9 .5 2.6 1.8 8.6 2.6 .7

4 to 6 5.6 ....................................... .4 5.2 – ... .2 .7 .7 1.6 .8 4.3 .7 .7

7 or more 2.4 .................................... – 2.4 – ... .8 .3 .7 .5 .8 2.4 – –

Stories Between Main and Apartment

Entrances

Multiunits, 2 or more floors 44.5 ............. 1.5 43.0 – ... 3.0 5.8 5.0 12.1 11.5 26.2 10.9 7.4

None (on same floor) 14.2 .......................... .9 13.3 – ... .2 1.1 1.6 3.6 4.1 7.5 4.6 2.1

1 (up or down) 15.3 ................................ .2 15.1 – ... 1.2 2.8 2.0 4.4 3.8 8.6 4.2 2.6

2 or more (up or down) 15.0 ........................ .4 14.6 – ... 1.6 1.8 1.3 4.0 3.5 10.2 2.2 2.7

Common Stairways

Multiunits, 2 or more floors 44.5 ............. 1.5 43.0 – ... 3.0 5.8 5.0 12.1 11.5 26.2 10.9 7.4

No common stairways 3.6 ......................... .2 3.4 – ... .5 – .5 .7 1.2 1.6 1.4 .7

With common stairways 35.8 ....................... 1.1 34.7 – ... 2.5 5.1 4.2 9.7 9.4 21.9 8.2 5.7

No loose steps 29.2 ............................. .9 28.4 – ... 1.9 3.8 3.2 7.9 7.7 17.2 7.3 4.7

Railings not loose 25.2 ......................... .6 24.5 – ... 1.9 3.2 2.3 6.8 6.2 15.2 6.2 3.7

Railings loose 2.9 ............................ – 2.9 – ... – .5 .4 .9 1.3 1.8 .6 .5

No railings .7 ............................... .2 .5 – ... – .2 .2 .2 – .2 .2 .2

Status of railings not reported .4 .............. – .4 – ... – – .2 – .2 – .2 .2

Loose steps 6.6 ................................ .2 6.4 – ... .6 1.3 1.1 1.7 1.7 4.7 .9 1.0

Railings not loose 5.5 ......................... .2 5.3 – ... .4 .4 1.1 1.3 1.5 4.3 .4 .8

Railings loose 1.1 ............................ – 1.1 – ... .2 .8 – .4 .2 .4 .4 .2

No railings – ............................... – – – ... – – – – – – – –

Status of railings not reported – .............. – – – ... – – – – – – – –

Status of stairways not reported 5.1 ................ .2 4.9 – ... – .7 .2 1.7 .9 2.7 1.4 1.1

Light Fixtures in Public Halls

2 or more units in structure 50.4 ............. 2.2 48.2 – ... 3.4 6.2 5.6 13.0 12.6 29.2 12.6 8.6 No public halls 4.3 ................................ .5 3.9 – ... .4 .7 .2 1.1 1.6 1.8 2.0 .5 No light fixtures in public halls 1.5 .................. – 1.5 – ... .4 .2 .2 .4 .2 .6 – .8 All in working order 34.0 ............................ 1.3 32.7 – ... 2.2 3.5 4.0 7.9 8.5 21.1 8.0 4.9 Some in working order 2.2 ......................... – 2.2 – ... .4 – .4 .6 .8 1.3 .4 .4

None in working order 2.7 ......................... – 2.7 – ... – .9 .2 1.3 .4 1.3 .4 .9

Not reported 5.8 ................................. .4 5.3 – ... – .9 .5 1.5 1.1 2.9 1.8 1.1

Elevator on Floor

Multiunits, 2 or more floors 44.5 ............. 1.5 43.0 – ... 3.0 5.8 5.0 12.1 11.5 26.2 10.9 7.4

With 1 or more elevators working 8.7 ............... .6 8.1 – ... 1.0 .9 1.1 3.1 1.4 5.9 1.2 1.6

With elevator, none in working condition 1.1 ......... – 1.1 – ... .2 – .2 .4 .9 .6 .4 –

No elevator 34.7 .................................. .9 33.9 – ... 1.8 4.9 3.6 8.5 9.2 19.7 9.2 5.8

Units 3 or more floors from main entrance .4 ...... – .4 – ... .2 – – – – .4 – –

Foundation

1 unit bldg. excl. mobile homes 59.7 ......... 34.4 25.3 1.2 ... .7 2.6 10.8 9.4 10.7 24.8 17.6 17.2 With basement under all of building 7.1 ............. 4.4 2.7 – ... .2 .5 2.2 .7 1.5 5.8 1.1 .2 With basement under part of building 3.3 ............ 2.9 .4 – ... – – .9 .2 .4 2.5 .6 .2 With crawl space 24.0 ............................. 15.3 8.7 .2 ... – 1.1 5.1 2.0 3.7 10.2 6.7 7.1 On concrete slab 22.5 ............................. 10.7 11.8 1.0 ... .4 1.0 2.4 5.6 4.4 4.7 8.5 9.3 Other 2.8 ....................................... 1.1 1.7 – ... – – .2 .9 .7 1.8 .6 .4

External Building Conditions3

Sagging roof 5.2 ................................. 1.3 3.9 .2 – .4 1.3 1.3 1.8 1.7 3.1 .6 1.5

Missing roofing material 8.4 ....................... 2.0 6.4 .2 – 1.1 1.1 .8 1.8 1.8 4.1 2.0 2.4

Hole in roof 6.7 .................................. 2.2 4.5 .2 – – 1.8 1.5 1.1 1.7 4.0 1.3 1.5

Missing bricks, siding, other outside wall material 9.2 . 2.9 6.4 – – .7 2.2 1.3 2.8 1.6 5.1 1.6 2.6

Sloping outside walls 3.7 .......................... 1.3 2.3 – – – 1.5 .4 .4 .2 2.0 .6 1.0

Boarded up windows 2.8 .......................... .7 2.2 – – .5 .7 .5 .9 .5 1.7 – 1.1

Broken windows 8.9 .............................. 3.1 5.8 .2 – 1.0 1.5 .9 2.4 2.0 5.3 1.3 2.3

Bars on windows 25.6 ............................. 11.2 14.3 – – .7 1.7 4.7 4.1 5.6 18.1 2.8 4.7 Foundation crumbling or has open crack or hole 5.8 .. 2.2 3.7 – – .2 1.7 1.1 .7 1.7 2.7 1.5 1.7 None of the above 50.2 ............................ 16.6 33.6 .4 .3 .9 2.9 7.1 9.6 10.0 19.2 17.9 13.1 Not reported 11.8 ................................. 4.9 6.9 .6 .6 .2 .9 1.3 2.8 2.2 6.8 2.2 2.9

Site Placement

Mobile homes 1.0 ........................ 1.0 – – 1.0 – – – – – .3 .3 .3

First site .7 ..................................... .7 – – .7 – – – – – – .3 .3

Moved from another site – ....................... – – – –– –––––– –

Don’t know – ................................... – – – –– –––––– –

Not reported .3 ................................. .3 – – .3 – – – – – .3 – –

Previous Occupancy

Unit built 1990 or later 3.7 ................. 2.6 1.1 1.2 – .5 – .2 1.3 .9 .7 1.3 1.8 Not previously occupied 1.3 ....................... 1.3 – .9 – – – – – – .2 .7 .4 Not reported 1.3 ................................. .6 .7 .4 – .5 – .2 .8 .5 .2 .4 .7

1See back cover for details.

2Figures exclude mobile homes.

3Figures may not add to total because more than one category may apply to a unit.

AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998 123

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 5~3. Size of Unit and LotmOccupied Units With Black Householder

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Tenure Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Selected subareas1

Physical problems

Total

occupied

units Owner Renter

New

con~

struction

4 years

Mobile

homes Severe Moderate

Elderly

(65 years

and over)

Moved in

past year

Below

poverty

level Area one Area two Area three

Total 111.1 ................................ 37.6 73.5 1.2 1.0 4.1 8.8 16.4 22.3 23.3 54.3 30.6 26.2

Rooms

1 room 1.5 ...................................... – 1.5 – – .8 .3 – .7 .5 1.5 – –

2 rooms 2.1 ..................................... .8 1.4 – .3 – .2 .4 .5 .7 1.6 .6 –

3 rooms 22.3 ..................................... .8 21.5 – .3 .9 1.5 3.4 5.3 4.3 13.9 5.0 3.4

4 rooms 29.7 ..................................... 3.3 26.3 – – .6 3.5 2.9 8.3 6.7 12.3 10.9 6.4

5 rooms 25.7 ..................................... 10.8 14.8 .2 .3 1.1 2.4 5.3 4.6 6.6 11.4 5.3 8.9

6 rooms 15.7 ..................................... 10.9 4.8 .2 – .7 .2 2.5 .8 2.6 6.7 5.6 3.4

7 rooms 7.4 ..................................... 5.4 2.0 .4 – – .5 .9 .7 .9 3.3 2.2 1.9

8 rooms 5.0 ..................................... 4.3 .6 .4 – – – .7 .9 .4 2.2 .9 1.9

9 rooms .9 ..................................... .9 – – – – .2 .2 .2 – .7 .2 –

10 rooms or more .9 ............................. .4 .5 – – – – .2 .3 .5 .7 – .2

Median 4.5 ...................................... 5.8 4.0 ... ... ... 4.2 4.8 4.1 4.4 4.3 4.4 4.9

Rooms Used for Business2

Business only

1 or more rooms with direct access ... ........... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

1 or more rooms, no direct access ... ............ ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Business and other use

1 or more rooms ... ............................ ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Not reported ... ............................... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Bedrooms

None 1.7 ........................................ – 1.7 – – .8 .3 – 1.0 .5 1.7 – – 1 25.8 ........................................... .6 25.3 – .3 .9 1.7 3.8 6.3 5.5 16.6 5.8 3.4 2 42.4 ........................................... 11.4 30.9 .2 .3 1.5 4.2 6.9 9.8 9.1 18.3 14.5 9.5 3 30.9 ........................................... 18.3 12.6 .4 .3 .7 2.7 4.4 4.2 6.2 14.5 7.3 9.1 4 or more 10.3 .................................... 7.3 3.0 .7 – .2 – 1.3 1.1 2.0 3.1 3.0 4.2 Median 2.2 ...................................... 2.9 1.8 ... ... ... 2.1 2.1 1.9 2.1 2.0 2.2 2.5

Complete Bathrooms

None 3.1 ........................................ 1.4 1.6 .2 .3 .8 .2 .2 1.4 .9 2.4 .5 .2

1 69.6 ........................................... 14.0 55.6 – .7 2.4 6.6 10.9 15.3 16.8 40.6 16.4 12.7

1 and one~half 13.9 ................................ 6.8 7.0 – – .5 .4 1.8 1.3 2.7 4.1 4.9 4.9

2 or more 24.6 .................................... 15.3 9.2 1.0 – .5 1.6 3.5 4.3 2.9 7.3 8.8 8.4

Square Footage of Unit

Single detached and mobile homes 49.2 ..... 32.6 16.6 .9 1.0 .4 2.2 10.1 6.0 8.9 23.8 12.1 13.3

Less than 500 3.0 ................................ 1.2 1.8 – .3 – – .4 .4 .9 2.7 .3 –

500 to 749 .2 ................................... – .2 – – – .2 – – – – – .2

750 to 999 2.4 ................................... .9 1.6 – – – – .8 .5 .2 1.1 .9 .4 1,000 to 1,499 9.6 ................................ 5.9 3.6 – – – .9 1.8 .9 1.7 1.8 4.5 3.3 1,500 to 1,999 8.2 ................................ 6.9 1.3 .2 – – .2 1.1 1.5 .5 3.3 1.9 2.9 2,000 to 2,499 3.1 ................................ 3.1 – – – – – .9 .4 .2 1.5 1.1 .4 2,500 to 2,999 1.9 ................................ 1.9 – .4 – – – – – .2 .7 .2 1.1 3,000 to 3,999 .9 ................................ .9 – – – – – .4 – – .4 .4 – 4,000 or more 1.5 ................................ 1.5 – – – – – .6 – .2 .9 – .6 Not reported 18.5 ................................. 10.4 8.1 .2 .6 .4 .9 4.0 2.2 5.0 11.4 2.7 4.4 Median 1 509 ...................................... 1 724 1 099 ... ... ... ... 1 492 1 531 1 246 1 598 1 385 1 593

Lot Size3

Less than one~eighth acre 17.3 ..................... 11.0 6.3 .2 .7 .2 .9 3.8 1.9 3.4 5.9 7.3 4.1

One~eighth up to one~quarter acre 22.6 .............. 14.4 8.2 .6 .3 .2 .6 4.0 3.3 3.5 9.4 5.5 7.7

One~quarter up to one~half acre 10.3 ................. 5.6 4.7 – – – .4 1.8 2.0 2.6 6.5 1.1 2.8

One~half up to one acre 4.0 ........................ 1.9 2.1 – – – .2 .4 .6 .4 2.2 .8 1.0

1 up to 5 acres 2.4 ............................... – 2.4 – – – .2 .2 .2 – .6 .8 .9

5 up to 10 acres .2 .............................. .2 – – – – – – – – .2 – –

10 acres or more .4 ............................. .4 – – – – – .2 – .2 .2 – .2

Median .19 ...................................... .18 .21 ... ... ... .18 .17 .21 .19 .21 .14 .20

Persons per Room

0.50 or less 73.3 .................................. 28.7 44.6 .8 1.0 1.3 5.5 13.4 13.6 14.2 38.3 18.4 16.6 0.51 to 1.00 35.2 .................................. 8.4 26.7 .4 – 2.6 2.9 2.2 8.2 7.9 14.7 11.7 8.7 1.01 to 1.50 2.4 .................................. .4 2.0 – – .2 .2 .9 .2 .9 1.1 .4 .9 1.51 or more .2 ................................. – .2 – – – .2 – .2 .2 .2 – –

Persons per Bedroom

0.50 or less 20.8 .................................. 13.2 7.7 .4 .3 .2 .9 5.3 3.7 3.7 8.7 6.1 6.0 0.51 to 1.00 54.8 .................................. 16.8 38.0 .4 .7 1.1 4.6 8.6 9.9 11.3 28.6 13.4 12.7 1.01 to 1.50 16.5 .................................. 4.8 11.7 .4 – .4 .9 .9 4.0 3.7 6.7 5.1 4.7 1.51 or more 17.3 ................................. 2.9 14.5 – – 1.6 2.2 1.6 3.8 4.0 8.5 6.0 2.8

No bedrooms 1.7 ................................. – 1.7 – – .8 .3 – 1.0 .5 1.7 – –

Square Feet per Person

Single detached and mobile homes 49.2 ..... 32.6 16.6 .9 1.0 .4 2.2 10.1 6.0 8.9 23.8 12.1 13.3

Less than 200 3.7 ................................ 1.5 2.2 – .3 – .2 .7 .7 .9 2.9 .6 .2

200 to 299 2.1 ................................... .2 1.9 – – – .2 – – .6 .5 .8 .8

300 to 399 3.3 ................................... 2.8 .4 – – – .4 .9 .2 .4 1.8 .9 .6

400 to 499 3.9 ................................... 2.7 1.1 .2 – – – .4 1.1 – .2 2.0 1.7

500 to 599 2.4 ................................... 1.7 .7 .2 – – – .4 .9 .2 .9 .4 1.0

600 to 699 3.1 ................................... 2.4 .7 – – – .2 .2 – .2 1.1 1.3 .7

700 to 799 1.7 ................................... 1.5 .2 – – – .2 – .4 – – 1.1 .6

800 to 899 .6 ................................... .4 .2 – – – – .2 – – .2 .2 .2

900 to 999 1.6 ................................... 1.3 .2 .2 – – – .6 .2 .2 1.3 – .2

1,000 to 1,499 4.6 ................................ 3.7 .8 – – – – 1.4 .2 1.1 1.6 1.5 1.5

1,500 or more 3.9 ................................ 3.9 – – – – – 1.3 – .2 2.0 .7 1.2 Not reported 18.5 ................................. 10.4 8.1 .2 .6 .4 .9 4.0 2.2 5.0 11.4 2.7 4.4 Median 601 ...................................... 690 325 ... ... ... ... 940 489 397 598 603 602

1See back cover for details.

2Figures may not add to total because more than one category may apply to a unit.

3Does not include multiunits, cooperatives or condominiums.

124 AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 5~4. Selected Equipment and PlumbingmOccupied Units With Black Householder

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Tenure Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Selected subareas1

Physical problems

Total

occupied

units Owner Renter

New

con~

struction

4 years

Mobile

homes Severe Moderate

Elderly

(65 years

and over)

Moved in

past year

Below

poverty

level Area one Area two Area three

Total 111.1 ................................ 37.6 73.5 1.2 1.0 4.1 8.8 16.4 22.3 23.3 54.3 30.6 26.2

Equipment2

Lacking complete kitchen facilities 6.1 .............. .7 5.5 – – 1.5 4.7 .2 2.3 1.6 4.1 .9 1.1

With complete kitchen (sink, refrigerator, and oven

or burners) 105.0 .................................. 36.9 68.1 1.2 1.0 2.6 4.1 16.2 20.0 21.7 50.2 29.7 25.1

Kitchen sink 109.9 .................................. 37.6 72.3 1.2 1.0 3.3 8.3 16.4 21.8 22.8 53.1 30.6 26.2

Refrigerator 110.5 .................................. 37.4 73.1 1.2 1.0 4.1 8.1 16.4 22.1 22.9 53.9 30.6 26.0

Cooking stove or range 107.4 ........................ 36.5 70.9 1.2 1.0 2.9 7.0 16.0 20.9 22.8 51.7 29.9 25.8

Burners, no stove or range – ..................... – – – –– –––––– –

Microwave oven only .9 .......................... .9 – – – – .2 .2 .2 – .9 – –

Dishwasher 40.2 .................................. 18.8 21.4 1.0 .6 .4 1.8 2.6 8.9 5.0 11.1 15.3 13.8

Washing machine 57.1 ............................. 33.3 23.8 1.2 .6 .9 3.3 10.5 8.5 11.0 25.5 15.2 16.3

Clothes dryer 54.6 ................................. 31.4 23.2 1.0 .6 .7 3.5 8.6 8.3 10.8 23.2 15.7 15.7

Disposal in kitchen sink 55.1 ........................ 19.3 35.8 1.0 .6 1.3 4.4 5.3 13.0 8.6 20.3 18.8 15.9

Trash compactor 4.6 ............................. 2.7 2.0 – – – .2 – 1.6 1.1 1.6 2.2 .8

Air conditioning:

Central 7.7 .................................... 3.0 4.6 .6 – – .4 .9 2.0 1.5 1.8 2.0 3.9

Additional Central .2 ........................... – .2 – – – – – – .2 – – .2

1 room unit 11.5 ................................ 4.3 7.2 .4 .6 .2 .5 1.6 2.8 2.0 5.8 2.4 3.3

2 room units 2.9 ............................... .7 2.2 – – – .6 .5 .9 .7 1.6 .7 .7

3 room units or more 1.1 ........................ .9 .2 – – – .5 .7 .2 .4 .4 .2 .4

Main Heating Equipment

Warm~air furnace 73.4 ............................. 28.8 44.6 1.2 1.0 1.4 4.2 10.4 14.3 14.3 36.5 20.8 16.2 Steam or hot water system 3.9 ..................... .9 3.0 – – 1.0 .7 .5 .9 1.2 1.9 .2 1.7 Electric heat pump 1.3 ............................ .5 .9 – – – .2 .5 .5 .4 .7 .2 .4 Built~in electric units 8.9 ........................... 2.6 6.3 – – – 1.3 1.5 2.7 1.9 4.6 2.2 2.1 Floor, wall, or other built~in hot air units without ducts 20.8 ....................................... 4.6 16.1 – – 1.3 2.4 3.6 3.5 5.0 9.5 5.9 5.3 Room heaters with flue 1.3 ........................ – 1.3 – – .2 – – .2 .4 .7 .6 – Room heaters without flue .2 ..................... – .2 – – .2 – – – – – – .2 Portable electric heaters .4 ....................... – .4 – – – – – – – .2 .2 – Stoves .2 ...................................... – .2 – – – – – .2 – – .2 – Fireplaces with inserts – ......................... – – – –– –––––– – Fireplaces without inserts – ...................... – – – –– –––––– – Other .4 ....................................... .2 .2 – – – – – – – – .2 .2 Cooking stove – ................................ – – – –– –––––– – None .2 ........................................ – .2 – – – – – – – .2 – –

Other Heating Equipment2

Warm~air furnace .2 ............................. .2 – – – – .2 – – – .2 – –

Steam or hot water system .2 ..................... .2 – – – – – – – .2 .2 – – Electric heat pump – ............................ – – – –– –––––– – Built~in electric units 3.1 ........................... .9 2.2 – – – – .2 .5 .9 1.6 1.0 .4 Floor, wall, or other built~in hot~air units without ducts 3.1 ....................................... .9 2.2 – – .2 .2 .2 .3 1.1 2.4 .5 .2 Room heaters with flue .2 ........................ – .2 – – .2 – – – – .2 – – Room heaters without flue .2 ..................... .2 – – – – – – – – – – .2 Portable electric heaters 17.9 ....................... 7.7 10.3 – – .7 1.3 2.7 2.8 4.2 9.9 4.6 3.5 Stoves .6 ...................................... .6 – – – – – – – – .2 .4 – Fireplaces with inserts 3.2 ......................... 1.9 1.3 – – – .2 .5 .4 – 1.3 1.5 .4 Fireplaces without inserts 6.4 ...................... 3.5 2.9 – – – .2 .7 1.3 .2 2.5 1.1 2.8 Other – ....................................... – – – –– –––––– – Cooking stove 1.8 ................................ .7 1.1 – – – .5 .2 – .7 .9 .7 .2 None 72.4 ........................................ 20.7 51.7 1.1 .7 2.9 5.7 11.3 15.9 16.1 34.3 20.2 17.9

Used as parallel heating equipment2 .... 6.0 2.0 4.0 – – .4 .7 .7 .7 1.1 3.3 1.3 1.3

Warm~air furnace – ............................. – – – –– –––––– –

Steam or hot water system – ..................... – – – –– –––––– –

Electric heat pump – ............................ – – – –– –––––– –

Built~in electric units 1.6 ........................... .5 1.1 – – – – .2 – .5 .9 .4 .2

Floor, wall, or other built~in hot~air units without

ducts 2.0 ....................................... .7 1.3 – – .2 .2 .2 – .4 1.5 .3 .2

Room heaters with flue .2 ........................ – .2 – – .2 – – – – .2 – –

Stoves .2 ...................................... .2 – – – – – – – – .2 – –

Fireplaces with inserts .2 ......................... .2 – – – – – – .2 – – .2 –

Fireplaces with no inserts 1.3 ...................... .4 .9 – – – – – .4 – .7 – .7

Cooking stove .9 ................................ .5 .5 – – – .5 .2 – .2 .2 .5 .2

Other – ....................................... – – – –– –––––– –

Used as supplemental heating

equipment2 ......................... 26.2 12.0 14.2 – – .7 1.3 3.4 4.2 5.6 13.5 7.1 5.6

Warm~air furnace – ............................. – – – –– –––––– –

Steam or hot water system .2 ..................... .2 – – – – – – – .2 .2 – –

Electric heat pump – ............................ – – – –– –––––– –

Built~in electric units 1.5 ........................... .4 1.1 – – – – – .5 .5 .7 .6 .2

Floor, wall, or other built~in hot~air units without

ducts 1.2 ....................................... .2 .9 – – – – – .3 .7 .9 .2 –

Room heaters with flue – ........................ – – – –– –––––– –

Room heaters without flue .2 ..................... .2 – – – – – – – – – – .2

Portable electric heaters 17.9 ....................... 7.7 10.3 – – .7 1.3 2.7 2.8 4.2 9.9 4.6 3.5

Stoves .4 ...................................... .4 – – – – – – – – – .4 –

Fireplaces with inserts 1.7 ......................... 1.3 .4 – – – – .2 .2 – .7 .6 .4

Fireplaces with no inserts 5.1 ...................... 3.1 2.0 – – – .2 .7 .9 .2 1.8 1.1 2.1

Cooking stove .9 ................................ .2 .6 – – – – – – .4 .7 .2 –

Other – ....................................... – – – –– –––––– –

Plumbing

With all plumbing facilities 109.4 ...................... 37.4 72.1 1.2 1.0 2.4 8.8 16.2 21.8 22.7 52.6 30.6 26.2

Lacking some or all plumbing facilities2 .......... 1.7 .2 1.5 – – 1.7 – .3 .5 .5 1.7 – –

No hot piped water – .......................... – – – –– –––––– –

No bathtub nor shower .8 ...................... – .8 – – .8 – – .5 .3 .8 – –

No flush toilet .8 .............................. – .8 – – .8 – – .5 .3 .8 – –

No exclusive use .9 ........................... .2 .7 – – .9 – .3 – .3 .9 – –

AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998 125

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 5~4. Selected Equipment and PlumbingmOccupied Units With Black HouseholdermCon.

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Tenure Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Selected subareas1

Physical problems

Total

occupied

units Owner Renter

New

con~

struction

4 years

Mobile

homes Severe Moderate

Elderly

(65 years

and over)

Moved in

past year

Below

poverty

level Area one Area two Area three

Primary Source of Water

Public system or private company 110.9 ............... 37.6 73.3 1.2 1.0 4.1 8.8 16.4 22.3 23.3 54.1 30.6 26.2

Well serving 1 to 5 units – ....................... – – – –– –––––– –

Drilled – ..................................... – – – –– –––––– –

Dug – ....................................... – – – –– –––––– –

Not reported – ............................... – – – –– –––––– –

Other .2 ....................................... – .2 – – – – – – – .2 – –

Safety of Primary Source of Water

Selected primary water sources3........ 111.1 37.6 73.5 1.2 1.0 4.1 8.8 16.4 22.3 23.3 54.3 30.6 26.2

Safe to drink 76.7 ................................. 27.0 49.7 .2 .7 3.0 3.9 12.9 15.1 15.6 38.2 20.1 18.3

Not safe to drink 26.4 .............................. 7.9 18.5 .9 – .6 4.0 2.7 5.3 6.2 12.3 7.0 7.0

Safety not reported 8.1 ........................... 2.7 5.4 .2 .3 .4 .9 .9 2.0 1.5 3.8 3.5 .8

Source of Drinking Water

Primary source not safe to drink 26.4 ........ 7.9 18.5 .9 – .6 4.0 2.7 5.3 6.2 12.3 7.0 7.0

Drinking and primary water source the same 2.9 ..... 1.3 1.5 .2 – .2 – – 1.1 .5 1.3 .2 1.3

Public or private system 2.9 ..................... 1.3 1.5 .2 – .2 – – 1.1 .5 1.3 .2 1.3

Individual well – .............................. – – – –– –––––– –

Spring – ..................................... – – – –– –––––– –

Cistern – .................................... – – – –– –––––– –

Stream or lake – ............................. – – – –– –––––– –

Other – ..................................... – – – –– –––––– –

Drinking and primary water source different 23.3 ...... 6.4 16.9 .7 – .4 4.0 2.7 4.2 5.7 11.0 6.8 5.5

Public or private system – ..................... – – – –– –––––– –

Individual well – .............................. – – – –– –––––– –

Spring – ..................................... – – – –– –––––– –

Cistern – .................................... – – – –– –––––– –

Stream or lake – ............................. – – – –– –––––– –

Commercial bottled water 18.4 .................... 4.4 14.0 .2 – .2 3.1 2.0 3.5 4.6 7.8 5.8 4.8

Other 4.9 ..................................... 1.9 2.9 .4 – .2 .9 .6 .7 1.1 3.1 1.1 .6

Source of drinking water not reported .2 ............ .2 – – – – – – – – – – .2

Means of Sewage Disposal

Public sewer 110.9 ................................. 37.6 73.3 1.2 1.0 4.1 8.6 16.4 22.1 23.3 54.3 30.4 26.2

Septic tank, cesspool, chemical toilet .2 ............ – .2 – – – .2 – .2 – – .2 –

Other – ....................................... – – – –– –––––– –

1See back cover for details.

2Figures may not add to total because more than one category may apply to a unit.

3Excludes units where primary source of water is commercial bottled water.

126 AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 5~5. FuelsmOccupied Units With Black Householder

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Tenure Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Selected subareas1

Physical problems

Total

occupied

units Owner Renter

New

con~

struction

4 years

Mobile

homes Severe Moderate

Elderly

(65 years

and over)

Moved in

past year

Below

poverty

level Area one Area two Area three

Total 111.1 ................................ 37.6 73.5 1.2 1.0 4.1 8.8 16.4 22.3 23.3 54.3 30.6 26.2

Main House Heating Fuel

Housing units with heating fuel 110.9 ......... 37.6 73.3 1.2 1.0 4.1 8.8 16.4 22.3 23.3 54.1 30.6 26.2 Electricity 31.2 .................................... 7.9 23.3 .4 .3 .5 2.4 4.0 7.3 7.1 15.1 8.7 7.5 Piped gas 78.0 .................................... 29.1 48.9 .8 .3 3.4 6.4 12.4 14.8 15.5 38.5 21.1 18.3 Bottled gas .3 ................................... .3 – – .3 – – – – – – .3 – Fuel oil – ...................................... – – – –– –––––– – Kerosene or other liquid fuel – .................... – – – –– –––––– – Coal or coke – ................................. – – – –– –––––– – Wood .2 ....................................... – .2 – – – – – .2 – – .2 – Solar energy .2 ................................. – .2 – – – – – – .2 – – .2 Other .9 ....................................... .2 .7 – – .2 – – – .4 .4 .2 .2

Other House Heating Fuels2

With other heating fuel 32.0 ........................ 13.6 18.5 – – 1.2 2.2 4.3 4.6 6.0 16.2 8.9 6.9

Electricity 21.2 .................................. 8.5 12.7 – – .7 1.3 2.9 3.1 5.2 11.5 5.8 3.9

Piped gas 4.7 .................................. 1.8 2.8 – – .4 .9 .4 .3 1.3 3.1 1.1 .5

Bottled gas – ................................. – – – –– –––––– –

Fuel oil .3 .................................... – .3 – – – – – – – – .3 –

Kerosene or other liquid fuel .2 .................. .2 – – – – – – – – – – .2

Coal or coke – ............................... – – – –– –––––– –

Wood 9.6 ..................................... 5.6 4.0 – – – .4 1.2 1.7 .2 3.7 2.7 3.2

Solar energy – ............................... – – – –– –––––– –

Other – ..................................... – – – –– –––––– –

Cooking Fuel

With cooking fuel 108.3 ..................... 37.4 70.9 1.2 1.0 2.9 7.2 16.2 21.1 22.8 52.6 29.9 25.8

Electricity 54.2 .................................... 15.6 38.5 .4 – 1.3 3.9 6.4 11.9 9.7 21.6 18.2 14.4

Piped gas 53.8 .................................... 21.4 32.4 .8 .6 1.6 3.3 9.8 9.2 13.1 31.0 11.4 11.4

Bottled gas .3 ................................... .3 – – .3 – – – – – – .3 –

Kerosene or other liquid fuel – .................... – – – –– –––––– –

Coal or coke – ................................. – – – –– –––––– –

Wood – ....................................... – – – –– –––––– –

Other – ....................................... – – – –– –––––– –

Water Heating Fuel

With hot piped water 111.1 .................. 37.6 73.5 1.2 1.0 4.1 8.8 16.4 22.3 23.3 54.3 30.6 26.2

Electricity 13.3 .................................... 2.4 10.9 – – – .9 1.1 2.7 2.5 4.7 5.8 2.8

Piped gas 97.3 .................................... 34.8 62.5 1.2 .6 3.9 7.9 15.3 19.6 20.6 49.6 24.2 23.4

Bottled gas .3 ................................... .3 – – .3 – – – – – – .3 –

Fuel oil – ...................................... – – – –– –––––– –

Kerosene or other liquid fuel – .................... – – – –– –––––– –

Coal or coke – ................................. – – – –– –––––– –

Wood – ....................................... – – – –– –––––– –

Solar energy – ................................. – – – –– –––––– –

Other .2 ....................................... – .2 – – .2 – – – .2 – .2 –

Central Air Conditioning Fuel

With central air conditioning 7.7 ............ 3.0 4.6 .6 – – .4 .9 2.0 1.5 1.8 2.0 3.9 Electricity 6.8 .................................... 2.8 4.0 .4 – – .2 .9 2.0 1.3 1.6 1.8 3.4 Piped gas .9 .................................... .2 .6 .2 – – .2 – – .2 .2 .2 .4 Other – ....................................... – – – –– –––––– –

Other Central Air Fuel

With other central air .2 .................. – .2 – – – – – – .2 – – .2

Electricity – .................................... – – – –– –––––– –

Gas .2 ......................................... – .2 – – – – – – .2 – – .2

Other – ....................................... – – – –– –––––– –

Clothes Dryer Fuel

With clothes dryer 54.6 .................... 31.4 23.2 1.0 .6 .7 3.5 8.6 8.3 10.8 23.2 15.7 15.7 Electricity 34.6 .................................... 18.7 15.8 .4 – .7 2.8 5.9 5.6 6.6 14.0 10.9 9.6 Piped gas 20.0 .................................... 12.6 7.4 .6 .6 – .7 2.7 2.8 4.2 9.1 4.8 6.0 Other – ....................................... – – – –– –––––– –

Units Using Each Fuel2

Electricity 111.1 .................................... 37.6 73.5 1.2 1.0 4.1 8.8 16.4 22.3 23.3 54.3 30.6 26.2

Piped gas 103.7 .................................... 36.6 67.1 1.2 .6 3.9 8.3 15.8 21.2 21.8 51.4 27.3 25.0

Bottled gas .3 ................................... .3 – – .3 – – – – – – .3 –

Fuel oil 4.7 ...................................... 1.1 3.6 – – .7 – .9 .9 1.6 1.8 2.5 .5

Kerosene or other liquid fuel .2 .................... .2 – – – – – – – – – – .2

Coal or coke – ................................. – – – –– –––––– –

Wood 9.6 ....................................... 5.6 4.0 – – – .4 1.2 1.7 .2 3.7 2.7 3.2

Solar energy .2 ................................. – .2 – – – – – – .2 – – .2 Other .9 ....................................... .2 .7 – – .2 – – – .4 .4 .2 .2

All electric units 8.0 ............................... 1.1 6.9 – – – .5 .9 1.3 1.6 2.9 4.1 1.0

1See back cover for details.

2Figures may not add to total because more than one category may apply to a unit.

AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998 127

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 5~6. Failures in EquipmentmOccupied Units With Black Householder

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Tenure Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Selected subareas1

Physical problems

Total

occupied

units Owner Renter

New

con~

struction

4 years

Mobile

homes Severe Moderate

Elderly

(65 years

and over)

Moved in

past year

Below

poverty

level Area one Area two Area three

Total 111.1 ................................ 37.6 73.5 1.2 1.0 4.1 8.8 16.4 22.3 23.3 54.3 30.6 26.2

Water Supply Stoppage

With hot and cold piped water 111.1 .......... 37.6 73.5 1.2 1.0 4.1 8.8 16.4 22.3 23.3 54.3 30.6 26.2

No stoppage in last 3 months 95.1 ................... 32.8 62.3 .9 .3 3.9 6.0 15.1 18.5 20.0 47.9 25.3 21.9

With stoppage in last 3 months 6.5 ................. .9 5.7 – – .2 1.7 .5 1.3 1.3 2.0 2.9 1.7

No stoppage lasting 6 hours or more 1.8 .......... .2 1.5 – – – .4 .2 .2 – .7 .9 .2

1 time lasting 6 hours or more 2.8 ................ .5 2.4 – – – .4 .2 .2 .6 .9 1.1 .9

2 times .8 .................................... .2 .6 – – .2 .2 – .2 .2 – .4 .4

3 times .4 .................................... – .4 – – – .2 – .2 – – .3 .2

4 times or more .7 ............................. – .7 – – – .5 – .5 .4 .4 .2 –

Number of times not reported – ................ – – – –– –––––– –

Stoppage not reported 9.5 ......................... 3.9 5.6 .4 .6 – 1.1 .9 2.6 2.0 4.4 2.4 2.7

Flush Toilet Breakdowns

With one or more flush toilets 110.4 ........... 37.6 72.8 1.2 1.0 3.3 8.8 16.4 21.8 23.0 53.6 30.6 26.2 With at least one working toilet at all times in last 3

months 95.0 ..................................... 33.0 62.0 .9 .3 3.1 7.5 15.1 17.7 20.2 46.3 26.9 21.8 None working some time in last 3 months 6.1 ........ .7 5.4 – – .2 .4 .4 1.7 1.1 2.8 1.3 1.9 No breakdowns lasting 6 hours or more 1.9 ........ .7 1.2 – – – – .2 .6 .2 .8 .2 .8 1 time lasting 6 hours or more 2.4 ................ – 2.4 – – – .2 .2 .7 .5 1.1 .7 .7 2 times 1.4 .................................... – 1.4 – – .2 – – .2 .3 .9 .4 – 3 times – .................................... – – – –– –––––– – 4 times or more .2 ............................. – .2 – – – .2 – .2 – – – .2 Number of times not reported .2 ................ – .2 – – – – – – .2 – – .2 Breakdowns not reported 9.3 ...................... 3.9 5.4 .4 .6 – .9 .9 2.4 1.7 4.4 2.4 2.5

Sewage Disposal Breakdowns

With public sewer 110.9 ..................... 37.6 73.3 1.2 1.0 4.1 8.6 16.4 22.1 23.3 54.3 30.4 26.2

No breakdowns in last 3 months 106.5 ................ 36.9 69.6 1.2 1.0 3.9 7.3 16.2 21.2 23.1 52.1 29.3 25.1

With breakdowns in last 3 months 4.4 ............... .7 3.7 – – .2 1.3 .2 .9 .2 2.2 1.1 1.1

No breakdowns lasting 6 hours or more .4 ........ .2 .2 – – – – – – – .4 – –

1 time lasting 6 hours or more 2.2 ................ .5 1.8 – – – .6 .2 .2 – 1.1 .4 .7

2 times .6 .................................... – .6 – – – – – .2 – .2 .2 .2

3 times .8 .................................... – .8 – – .2 .4 – .2 – .2 .4 .2 4 times or more .2 ............................. – .2 – – – .2 – .2 .2 .2 – –

With septic tank or cesspool .2 ............ – .2 – – – .2 – .2 – – .2 – No breakdowns in last 3 months .2 ................ – .2 – – – .2 – .2 – – .2 – With breakdowns in last 3 months – ............... – – – –– –––––– – No breakdowns lasting 6 hours or more – ........ – – – –– –––––– – 1 time lasting 6 hours or more – ................ – – – –– –––––– – 2 times – .................................... – – – –– –––––– – 3 times – .................................... – – – –– –––––– – 4 times or more – ............................. – – – –– –––––– –

Heating Problems

With heating equipment and occupied

last winter 105.6 ........................... 36.7 68.9 1.2 1.0 4.1 8.2 16.2 17.3 22.1 51.1 29.7 24.8

Not uncomfortably cold for 24 hours or more last

winter 62.3 ...................................... 25.1 37.1 .9 – 1.0 3.8 10.5 7.6 12.7 27.9 18.1 16.2

Uncomfortably cold for 24 hours or more last

winter2 ..................................... 16.6 3.5 13.0 – – 2.9 1.7 1.9 2.4 4.3 8.1 3.7 4.8

Equipment breakdowns 5.8 ...................... 1.5 4.3 – – 2.4 .4 .5 .8 1.3 2.4 1.5 1.9

No breakdowns lasting 6 hours or more – ...... – – – –– –––––– –

1 time lasting 6 hours or more 2.1 .............. 1.1 1.1 – – – .2 – .2 .2 .9 .8 .4

2 times 1.3 .................................. .2 1.1 – – – .2 .5 .2 .4 .5 – .9

3 times .2 .................................. .2 – – – .2 – – – – – .2 –

4 times or more 2.1 ........................... – 2.1 – – 2.1 – – .4 .6 1.1 .4 .6

Number of times not reported – .............. – – – –– –––––– –

Other causes 12.0 ............................... 2.2 9.8 – – 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.7 3.2 5.9 2.6 3.5

Utility interruption .2 ......................... – .2 – – – – – – – .2 – –

Inadequate heating capacity 5.3 ................ .6 4.7 – – .7 1.3 .7 1.1 1.3 2.5 1.1 1.7

Inadequate insulation 4.0 ...................... .5 3.5 – – .5 .4 .5 .4 1.6 2.3 .9 .8

Cost of heating 2.2 ........................... .4 1.8 – – .2 .2 .2 .4 .7 .7 .4 1.1

Other 3.2 ................................... .9 2.2 – – .5 – .7 .4 .5 2.1 .9 .2

Not reported .2 ............................. .2 – – – – – – – – – – .2

Reason for discomfort not reported – ............ – – – –– –––––– –

Discomfort not reported 26.8 ........................ 8.0 18.8 .4 1.0 .2 2.7 3.8 7.3 5.1 15.1 7.9 3.8

Electric Fuses and Circuit Breakers

With electrical wiring 111.1 .................. 37.6 73.5 1.2 1.0 4.1 8.8 16.4 22.3 23.3 54.3 30.6 26.2

No fuses or breakers blown in last 3 months 61.7 ...... 15.2 46.5 .4 .3 2.0 4.9 9.7 15.8 13.8 31.2 16.7 13.8

With fuses or breakers blown in last 3 months 38.4 .... 18.5 19.9 .4 – 1.9 2.6 5.6 3.7 7.1 17.6 11.1 9.8

1 time 12.0 ..................................... 5.1 6.9 .4 – .2 .7 1.3 1.8 2.5 5.3 2.7 3.9

2 times 7.2 .................................... 2.6 4.6 – – .5 .7 1.1 .9 1.8 3.7 1.9 1.5

3 times 5.0 .................................... 2.0 3.0 – – .5 .2 .9 .4 .5 2.3 1.5 1.2 4 times or more 13.4 ............................. 8.2 5.2 – – .7 1.1 1.8 .7 2.2 5.8 4.5 3.1 Number of times not reported .9 ................ .7 .2 – – – – .4 – .2 .4 .4 – Problem not reported or don’t know 11.0 ............. 3.9 7.1 .4 .6 .2 1.3 1.1 2.8 2.4 5.5 2.9 2.7

1See back cover for details.

2Other causes and equipment breakdowns may not add to total as both may be reported.

128 AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 5~7. Additional Indicators of Housing QualitymOccupied Units With Black Householder

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Tenure Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Selected subareas1

Physical problems

Total

occupied

units Owner Renter

New

con~

struction

4 years

Mobile

homes Severe Moderate

Elderly

(65 years

and over)

Moved in

past year

Below

poverty

level Area one Area two Area three

Total 111.1 ................................ 37.6 73.5 1.2 1.0 4.1 8.8 16.4 22.3 23.3 54.3 30.6 26.2

Selected Amenities2

Porch, deck, balcony, or patio 80.1 .................. 31.8 48.3 1.2 .7 2.7 6.2 12.9 14.6 14.6 34.9 25.4 19.8

Telephone available ... ........................... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Usable fireplace 35.7 .............................. 23.5 12.2 1.1 – .4 1.5 5.3 5.0 3.9 14.4 10.7 10.6

Separate dining room 29.3 ......................... 18.7 10.6 .8 – .7 1.3 6.4 4.1 4.9 15.8 7.8 5.7

With 2 or more living rooms or recreation rooms,

etc. 20.0 ........................................ 15.2 4.8 1.0 .3 .4 .9 3.1 2.5 2.0 8.4 5.4 6.2

Garage or carport included with home 75.5 ........... 32.0 43.5 1.2 .7 1.6 5.7 10.7 13.8 14.7 31.0 21.8 22.6

Not included 35.2 ................................. 5.4 29.8 – .3 2.5 2.9 5.7 8.3 8.5 22.8 8.8 3.6

Offstreet parking included 24.1 .................... 4.7 19.3 – .3 .7 1.1 4.5 4.4 5.5 14.7 6.8 2.5

Offstreet parking not reported .2 ................ – .2 – – – .2 – – – – .2 –

Garage or carport not reported .4 ................. .2 .2 – – – .2 – .2 – .4 – –

Cars and Trucks Available2

No cars, trucks, or vans 21.2 ....................... 1.5 19.7 – – 1.5 2.0 5.2 6.0 9.7 15.5 2.8 2.9

Other households without cars 8.1 ................. 1.7 6.4 .2 .3 – .9 .4 1.6 2.0 2.6 3.0 2.4

1 car with or without trucks or vans 53.9 .............. 19.4 34.5 .8 .6 1.5 4.1 8.0 9.7 10.1 25.8 15.7 12.4

2 cars 22.1 ....................................... 10.9 11.2 .2 – .8 1.8 2.4 3.9 1.5 8.6 7.1 6.4

3 or more cars 5.9 ................................ 4.1 1.8 – – .2 – .4 1.1 – 1.8 2.0 2.1

With cars, no trucks or vans 60.6 .................... 20.7 39.9 .4 .6 2.4 4.4 7.5 12.2 9.2 26.9 17.4 16.3

1 truck or van with or without cars 24.7 ............... 12.3 12.4 .4 .3 .2 2.2 3.1 3.3 3.9 10.4 8.9 5.4

2 or more trucks or vans 4.6 ....................... 3.0 1.5 .4 – – .2 .7 .9 .4 1.5 1.5 1.5

Owner or Manager on Property

Rental, multiunit3 ..................... 48.2 ... 48.2 – ... 3.2 6.2 5.2 12.8 12.2 28.3 11.8 8.2 Owner or manager lives on property 19.0 ............. ... 19.0 – ... 1.6 1.8 .7 4.9 2.6 11.3 4.5 3.2 Neither owner nor manager lives on property 29.2 ..... ... 29.2 – ... 1.6 4.4 4.5 7.8 9.5 17.0 7.3 5.0

Selected Deficiencies2

Signs of rats in last 3 months 2.0 ................... .6 1.4 – – .7 .2 – – .4 .9 .5 .7

Signs of mice in last 3 months 7.5 .................. 2.4 5.0 .2 – .7 1.1 .7 1.1 1.8 3.8 1.8 1.9

Signs of rodents, not sure which kind in last 3

months 1.0 ..................................... – 1.0 – – – .2 – – .4 .4 .2 .4

Holes in floors 2.4 ................................ .4 2.0 – – .5 .9 .2 .4 .7 1.3 .7 .4 Open cracks or holes (interior) 14.2 .................. 4.4 9.8 – – 1.4 3.5 1.6 2.2 3.5 7.3 3.5 3.4 Broken plaster or peeling paint (interior) 8.7 ......... .9 7.8 – – .5 4.2 .4 2.0 1.3 5.0 1.1 2.6 No electrical wiring – ............................ – – – –– –––––– – Exposed wiring 1.1 ............................... – 1.1 – – .2 .4 – .2 .2 .2 .5 .4 Rooms without electric outlets 4.5 .................. .2 4.3 – – .7 .9 .2 1.2 1.8 2.5 .5 1.6

Water Leakage During Last 12 Months

No leakage from inside structure 83.6 ................ 29.5 54.1 .9 .3 2.8 4.7 14.0 16.4 17.4 41.9 22.4 19.2

With leakage from inside structure2 ............. 17.7 4.2 13.5 – – 1.3 3.0 1.6 3.3 3.8 7.8 5.8 4.1

Fixtures backed up or overflowed 6.4 ............. 2.0 4.4 – – .8 .9 .7 1.5 1.3 2.4 2.7 1.3

Pipes leaked 9.7 ............................... 1.9 7.8 – – .9 1.5 .9 1.6 2.7 4.2 3.3 2.2

Other or unknown (includes not reported) 3.7 ...... .9 2.8 – – .2 .8 .2 .4 .7 2.0 .9 .8

Interior leakage not reported 9.9 ................... 3.9 6.0 .4 .6 – 1.1 .9 2.6 2.1 4.6 2.4 2.9

No leakage from outside structure 79.8 .............. 26.6 53.2 .9 – 3.2 3.5 12.9 16.6 17.8 39.3 22.1 18.4

With leakage from outside structure2 ............ 21.7 7.1 14.5 – .3 .9 4.4 2.6 3.3 3.6 10.4 6.1 5.2

Roof 12.9 ...................................... 4.4 8.5 – – .6 2.0 1.7 .9 2.2 6.6 3.1 3.2

Basement 1.1 .................................. .5 .7 – – .2 .2 .2 – – .7 .4 –

Walls, closed windows, or doors 8.4 .............. 2.2 6.2 – – .4 1.8 .4 2.0 1.6 3.4 3.1 1.9

Other or unknown (includes not reported) 2.6 ...... .8 1.8 – .3 – 1.1 .4 .9 .2 1.3 .6 .7

Exterior leakage not reported 9.7 ................... 3.9 5.8 .4 .6 – .9 .9 2.4 1.9 4.6 2.4 2.7

Overall Opinion of Structure

1 (worst) 1.3 ..................................... – 1.3 – – .2 .7 – .5 .5 .5 .6 .2

2 .6 ........................................... .2 .4 – – – .4 – .4 .2 .2 – .4

3 1.6 ........................................... – 1.6 – – .4 – .2 .9 .4 .2 .7 .7

4 2.4 ........................................... – 2.4 – – – 1.1 – .9 1.3 1.1 .4 .9

5 10.7 ........................................... 2.9 7.9 – – 2.3 .2 1.3 2.1 2.5 5.6 3.2 1.9

6 10.3 ........................................... 2.6 7.7 – – .7 1.3 1.3 1.6 1.8 4.5 2.4 3.4 7 18.3 ........................................... 5.2 13.1 – – – 2.5 1.5 4.8 2.6 9.6 5.0 3.8 8 23.9 ........................................... 10.8 13.1 .5 .3 .4 .7 2.6 4.7 3.0 10.3 7.5 6.0 9 9.8 ........................................... 3.7 6.1 – – – .7 1.8 1.1 1.5 6.0 1.9 1.9 10 (best) 20.0 ..................................... 7.7 12.4 .2 – – .2 6.1 3.1 7.2 9.1 6.2 4.8 Not reported 12.2 ................................. 4.5 7.6 .6 .6 – 1.1 1.6 2.4 2.2 7.3 2.6 2.3

Adequate Inside Maintenance4

Adequate 51.3 .................................... ... 51.3 – – 1.7 3.5 5.6 13.2 13.0 26.2 14.4 10.8

Inadequate 16.0 ................................... ... 16.0 – – 2.0 3.7 1.3 4.3 5.0 8.0 4.1 3.9

Not reported 6.2 ................................. ... 6.2 – – – .9 .2 1.3 1.3 3.6 1.6 1.1

Buildings and Grounds Properly

Maintained5

Properly maintained 40.3 ........................... ... 40.3 – – 1.4 3.4 4.5 12.3 9.7 20.8 11.9 7.6 Not properly maintained 11.2 ....................... ... 11.2 – – 1.8 2.8 .9 2.6 2.9 6.1 2.4 2.8 Not reported 5.4 ................................. ... 5.4 – – – .4 .2 .7 1.1 2.8 1.8 .8

AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998 129

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 5~7. Additional Indicators of Housing QualitymOccupied Units With Black Householderm

Con.

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Tenure Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Selected subareas1

Physical problems

Total

occupied

units Owner Renter

New

con~

struction

4 years

Mobile

homes Severe Moderate

Elderly

(65 years

and over)

Moved in

past year

Below

poverty

level Area one Area two Area three

Selected Physical Problems

Severe physical problems2 ..................... 4.1 .5 3.6 – – 4.1 ... .3 .9 1.4 2.8 .7 .6 Plumbing 1.9 .................................. .2 1.7 – – 1.9 ... .3 .5 .7 1.7 .2 – Heating 2.4 .................................... .2 2.1 – – 2.4 ... – .4 .6 1.1 .7 .6 Electric – .................................... – – – – – ... ––––– – Upkeep .2 .................................... – .2 – – .2 ... – – .2 .2 – – Hallways – ................................... – – – – – ... ––––– –

Moderate physical problems2................... 8.8 .7 8.1 – – ... 8.8 .2 3.3 2.0 4.2 1.5 3.1 Plumbing .2 .................................. – .2 – – ... .2 – .2 – – – .2 Heating – .................................... – – – – ... –––––– – Upkeep 4.2 .................................... .2 3.9 – – ... 4.2 – 1.1 .6 1.5 .6 2.0 Hallways .6 ................................... – .6 – – ... .6 – .4 – .2 .2 .2 Kitchen 4.7 .................................... .5 4.2 – – ... 4.7 .2 1.8 1.3 2.7 .9 1.1

1See back cover for details.

2Figures may not add to total because more than one category may apply to a unit.

3Two or more units of any tenure in structure.

4Limited to rental units.

5Limited to single attached and multi rental units.

130 AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 5~8. NeighborhoodmOccupied Units With Black Householder

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Tenure Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Selected subareas1

Physical problems

Total

occupied

units Owner Renter

New

con~

struction

4 years

Mobile

homes Severe Moderate

Elderly

(65 years

and over)

Moved in

past year

Below

poverty

level Area one Area two Area three

Total 111.1 ................................ 37.6 73.5 1.2 1.0 4.1 8.8 16.4 22.3 23.3 54.3 30.6 26.2

Overall Opinion of Neighborhood

1 (worst) 2.2 ..................................... .7 1.5 – – .2 .2 .9 .2 .2 1.1 .9 .2

2 1.7 ........................................... .2 1.5 – – .7 – – .2 .9 .9 .2 .6

3 2.6 ........................................... .6 2.0 – – – – .4 1.1 .2 1.1 .7 .9

4 5.7 ........................................... 2.0 3.8 – – – 1.1 .6 1.5 1.8 2.7 1.1 1.9

5 12.1 ........................................... 3.8 8.3 – – .9 .9 2.3 2.8 2.9 5.8 3.2 3.0

6 9.7 ........................................... 2.6 7.1 – – – 1.1 .5 2.3 1.6 4.5 3.6 1.7

7 19.2 ........................................... 6.1 13.2 – – 1.5 2.2 1.9 4.7 2.5 10.6 5.0 3.7

8 20.5 ........................................... 7.9 12.6 .5 – .7 .8 3.1 3.2 3.1 8.7 6.3 5.6

9 9.3 ........................................... 3.9 5.4 .2 – – .2 1.3 1.5 2.2 4.6 2.0 2.7

10 (best) 15.4 ..................................... 5.2 10.3 – .3 .2 1.1 3.7 2.3 5.4 7.2 4.8 3.5

No neighborhood .4 ............................. .2 .2 – – – – .2 – .2 – .2 .2

Not reported 12.2 ................................. 4.5 7.6 .6 .6 – 1.1 1.3 2.4 2.4 7.3 2.6 2.3

Street Noise or Traffic

Street noise or traffic present 42.9 ................... 11.4 31.6 – – 2.4 3.5 6.4 8.1 9.3 20.5 12.1 10.3

Condition not bothersome 21.7 .................... 6.8 14.9 – – 1.1 .9 4.7 3.4 4.9 10.8 6.9 4.0

Condition bothersome 21.0 ....................... 4.6 16.4 – – 1.3 2.6 1.6 4.8 4.4 9.7 5.0 6.3

So bothered they want to move 10.6 ............. 1.8 8.8 – – .8 2.0 .2 2.7 2.9 4.7 2.8 3.1

Not reported – ............................. – – – –– –––––– –

Bothersome not reported .2 .................... – .2 – – – – – – – – .2 –

Not reported 9.7 ................................. 4.1 5.6 .4 .6 – 1.1 1.1 2.2 1.7 5.5 1.7 2.5

Neighborhood Crime

Neighborhood crime present 38.8 ................... 12.8 25.9 .4 – 1.9 4.4 5.8 6.1 7.8 18.5 8.9 11.4 Condition not bothersome 15.1 .................... 5.5 9.6 .4 – .7 1.3 3.0 2.5 2.8 7.9 3.1 4.1 Condition bothersome 23.7 ....................... 7.4 16.3 – – 1.3 3.1 2.8 3.7 5.0 10.6 5.8 7.3 So bothered they want to move 10.6 ............. 2.0 8.6 – – 1.0 2.2 .9 2.0 3.3 4.7 2.8 3.1 Not reported .4 ............................. .2 .2 – – – – – – – .4 – – Bothersome not reported – .................... – – – –– –––––– – Not reported 11.7 ................................. 4.8 6.9 .4 .6 – 1.1 1.4 3.2 2.2 5.7 3.3 2.7

Odors

Odors present 13.6 ................................ 4.8 8.8 .2 – 1.4 2.4 2.9 1.5 2.7 5.6 1.5 6.5

Condition not bothersome 4.4 .................... 1.7 2.7 .2 – .5 .5 1.1 .2 .7 2.0 .4 2.0

Condition bothersome 9.2 ....................... 3.1 6.1 – – .9 1.9 1.8 1.3 2.0 3.6 1.1 4.5

So bothered they want to move 5.1 ............. 1.5 3.6 – – .9 1.5 .6 .6 1.3 1.3 .6 3.2

Not reported – ............................. – – – –– –––––– –

Bothersome not reported – .................... – – – –– –––––– –

Not reported 9.7 ................................. 4.1 5.6 .4 .6 – 1.1 1.1 2.2 1.7 5.5 1.7 2.5

Other Bothersome Neighborhood

Conditions

No other problems 76.9 ............................ 24.4 52.4 .4 .3 3.7 7.0 13.3 14.9 18.4 35.3 22.5 19.1

With other problems2 .......................... 24.6 9.3 15.3 .4 – .4 .9 2.3 5.5 3.1 14.0 5.9 4.7

Noise 4.8 ..................................... 1.4 3.4 – – – .4 .7 1.1 1.1 2.7 .9 1.2

Litter or housing deterioration 4.6 ................ 2.0 2.6 – – – .6 .4 1.1 .4 3.6 – 1.0

Poor city or county services 3.3 .................. .9 2.4 – – – .6 .2 .9 .4 2.2 .4 .6

Undesirable commercial, institutional, industrial 1.7 . 1.1 .6 .2 – – .4 .2 .2 .2 1.1 – .6

People 8.2 .................................... 3.3 4.9 .2 – .4 .4 .7 2.0 1.3 3.3 2.4 2.5

Other 13.7 ..................................... 4.9 8.8 .2 – – .5 1.6 3.1 1.8 8.3 3.5 2.0

No problem – ................................ – – – –– –––––– –

Type of problem not reported .5 ................. – .5 – – – – – .2 – – .5 –

Other problems not reported 9.7 ................... 3.9 5.8 .4 .6 – .9 .9 1.9 1.7 5.1 2.2 2.5

Public Elementary School2

Households with children aged 4~16 ... ............. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Attend public school(K~12) 22.2 ................... 5.0 17.2 .4 – .9 2.9 2.0 5.3 7.1 9.4 7.5 5.4

Attend private school (K~12) 4.0 .................. 1.1 2.9 – – – .4 – 1.6 .7 1.8 1.3 .8

Attend ungraded school, preschool, etc 1.0 ........ .2 .8 – – .2 – – – .2 .2 .4 .4

Does not attend school 2.2 ...................... .2 2.0 – – – .2 .2 .9 .9 .9 .4 .9

Not reported 6.5 ............................... 3.0 3.5 .4 .6 – .4 – 1.3 1.0 3.2 1.7 1.5

Households with any children aged 0~133 ........ 33.6 8.4 25.2 .7 – 1.6 4.0 2.4 8.6 8.9 14.5 11.2 7.9 Satisfactory public elementary school 15.2 .......... 3.4 11.8 .2 – .5 2.0 1.3 4.0 4.3 6.1 5.7 3.4 Unsatisfactory public elementary school 4.2 ....... 1.1 3.1 – – .4 .9 .2 .9 .7 1.6 1.1 1.5 So bothered they want to move 2.2 ............. .7 1.6 – – .2 .4 – .2 .7 .7 .9 .7 Not reported – ............................. – – – –– –––––– – Not reported or don’t know 9.0 ................... 2.1 6.9 .4 – .2 1.1 .4 3.3 2.6 4.5 2.4 2.1 Public elementary school less than 1 mile 18.8 ...... 4.3 14.4 – – .4 3.3 1.5 6.0 5.6 8.3 5.8 4.7 Public elementary school 1 mile or more 4.1 ....... 1.1 3.1 .4 – .5 .2 – .8 .7 1.6 1.7 .8 Not reported 5.5 ............................... 1.3 4.2 .2 – .2 .4 .4 1.3 1.3 2.3 1.8 1.5

Public Transportation

With public transportation 97.4 ...................... 31.6 65.9 .9 .3 4.1 7.7 14.9 19.8 20.3 48.0 27.1 22.3 Household uses it at least weekly 40.8 ............. 8.5 32.3 – – 3.1 3.2 5.8 9.0 11.4 22.9 10.9 7.0 Satisfactory public transportation 36.6 ........... 7.8 28.8 – – 2.9 2.7 5.6 8.1 10.1 21.1 9.1 6.3 Unsatisfactory public transportation 4.2 ......... .7 3.5 – – .2 .5 .2 .8 1.3 1.8 1.8 .7 Not reported ............................. – – – – –– –––––– – Household uses it less than weekly 34.0 ........... 12.5 21.5 .2 – 1.0 2.9 5.3 6.1 6.9 14.5 10.3 9.1 Satisfactory public transportation 29.8 ........... 10.7 19.1 – – 1.0 2.6 4.0 5.7 6.0 13.0 9.4 7.4 Unsatisfactory public transportation 4.0 ......... 1.8 2.2 .2 – – .2 1.4 .2 .7 1.6 .9 1.5 Not reported .2 ............................. – .2 – – – – – .2 .2 – – .2 Household does not use 21.8 ..................... 10.3 11.4 .7 .3 – 1.7 3.5 4.7 2.0 10.1 5.5 6.2 Not reported .9 ............................... .2 .7 – – – – .2 – – .5 .5 – No public transportation 4.5 ....................... 2.1 2.3 – – – .2 .6 .4 1.3 1.5 1.5 1.4 Not reported 9.2 ................................. 3.9 5.3 .4 .6 – .9 .9 2.2 1.7 4.8 1.9 2.5

Neighborhood Shopping

Satisfactory neighborhood shopping 78.3 ............. 24.7 53.6 .9 .3 2.5 6.6 11.1 15.8 16.5 34.5 24.1 19.7

Less than 1 mile 72.4 ............................ 22.0 50.4 .4 – 2.5 6.1 10.2 15.3 14.7 31.7 22.8 17.8

1 mile or more 5.7 .............................. 2.7 3.0 .4 .3 – .4 .9 .3 1.8 2.5 1.3 1.9

Not reported .2 ............................... – .2 – – – – – .2 – .2 – –

Unsatisfactory neighborhood shopping 22.5 .......... 8.8 13.7 – – 1.6 1.3 4.4 4.3 5.0 14.5 3.9 4.0

Not reported or don’t know 10.4 ..................... 4.1 6.3 .4 .6 – .9 .9 2.2 1.7 5.3 2.6 2.5

AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998 131

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 5~8. NeighborhoodmOccupied Units With Black HouseholdermCon.

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Tenure Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Selected subareas1

Physical problems

Total

occupied

units Owner Renter

New

con~

struction

4 years

Mobile

homes Severe Moderate

Elderly

(65 years

and over)

Moved in

past year

Below

poverty

level Area one Area two Area three

Police Protection

Satisfactory police protection 82.8 ................... 27.6 55.2 .7 .3 3.7 5.5 13.0 16.5 18.0 38.2 25.8 18.8

Unsatisfactory police protection 15.7 ................. 5.2 10.5 .2 – .4 2.0 2.1 2.8 3.1 8.8 2.2 4.7

Not reported 12.6 ................................. 4.8 7.8 .4 .6 – 1.3 1.4 3.0 2.2 7.3 2.6 2.7

Description of Area Within 300 Feet2

Single~family detached houses 84.2 ................. 31.3 52.9 .7 .3 2.8 7.2 13.3 15.5 17.0 41.1 23.3 19.7

Single~family attached 17.8 ......................... 5.0 12.8 .2 .3 .5 1.6 1.4 3.4 3.6 4.9 7.3 5.6

1~ to 3~ story multiunit 64.8 ......................... 13.7 51.1 – .3 2.2 6.4 9.2 14.0 13.5 32.6 19.0 13.2

4~ to 6~ story multiunit 10.8 ......................... – 10.8 – – .7 1.1 .7 2.7 1.8 8.5 .6 1.6

7~ or~ more story multiunit 5.3 ...................... .4 4.9 – – .2 .5 1.1 .9 1.4 4.7 .4 .2

Mobile homes 3.6 ................................ .6 3.1 – .3 – .4 .3 .8 .8 .4 2.2 1.0

Commercial, or institutional 46.4 .................... 9.1 37.2 .2 .3 2.8 5.1 5.6 12.2 11.2 23.2 14.2 9.0

Industrial or factories 11.7 .......................... 2.4 9.3 – – 1.7 2.0 1.8 4.4 3.2 5.5 3.3 2.8

Body of water 11.0 ................................ 2.4 8.6 – – – 2.0 .9 1.8 1.4 4.5 3.3 3.2

Open space, park, woods, farm, or ranch 27.2 ........ 7.9 19.2 .2 .3 1.2 3.2 2.0 6.2 5.4 10.5 7.9 8.8

4 or more lane highway, railroad, or airport 26.0 ....... 5.1 20.8 – .3 1.6 2.6 2.3 7.9 4.6 10.3 6.9 8.7

Not reported 11.8 ................................. 4.9 6.9 .6 .6 .2 .9 1.3 2.8 2.2 6.8 2.2 2.9

Age of Other Residential Buildings

Within 300 Feet

Older 11.1 ........................................ 1.3 9.8 – – .6 2.6 1.2 2.8 3.2 4.3 3.1 3.6

About the same 62.2 .............................. 25.1 37.0 .2 .3 1.6 4.0 8.6 11.3 11.9 27.8 18.6 15.8

Newer 11.8 ....................................... 3.3 8.5 .5 – .4 .4 2.0 3.3 2.2 6.1 3.1 2.6

Very mixed 11.0 ................................... 3.1 7.9 – – .4 .9 2.9 1.3 2.2 7.3 3.0 .7

No other residential buildings 1.2 ................... – 1.2 – – .5 – – .5 .7 .5 – .6

Not reported 13.9 ................................. 4.7 9.1 .6 .6 .5 .9 1.8 3.0 3.1 8.2 2.8 2.9

Other Buildings Vandalized or With

Interior Exposed Within 300 Feet

None 84.6 ........................................ 30.9 53.7 .7 .3 2.2 6.1 13.4 15.4 16.2 40.3 26.4 17.9 1 building 5.3 .................................... .6 4.7 – – .5 .5 .6 .9 2.0 2.9 .7 1.8 More than 1 building 5.8 .......................... .9 4.9 – – .9 1.3 .7 1.8 1.8 2.5 .2 3.1 No buildings .4 .................................. – .4 – – – – – .2 .2 – – .4 Not reported 15.0 ................................. 5.2 9.8 .6 .6 .4 .9 1.8 4.0 3.1 8.6 3.3 3.0

Bars on Windows of Buildings Within

300 Feet

No bars on windows 46.8 ........................... 16.5 30.3 .7 .3 .9 2.7 5.8 8.6 8.0 13.9 19.7 13.1

1 building with bars 5.7 ........................... 1.9 3.8 – – .7 .7 .9 1.0 .5 3.3 1.3 1.0

2 or more buildings with bars 38.6 ................... 11.9 26.8 – – 1.8 4.4 6.9 8.4 10.0 26.3 4.5 7.9

No buildings .4 .................................. – .4 – – – – – .2 .2 – – .4

Not reported 19.6 ................................. 7.3 12.3 .6 .6 .7 1.1 2.9 4.1 4.6 10.8 5.1 3.7

Condition of Streets Within 300 Feet

No repairs needed 59.7 ............................ 20.4 39.4 .4 .3 2.5 4.6 11.3 11.0 14.0 25.8 19.4 14.5

Minor repairs needed 28.9 .......................... 8.5 20.4 .2 – 1.1 2.5 1.6 6.9 4.9 15.4 6.6 6.9

Major repairs needed 7.8 .......................... 3.1 4.7 – – – .8 1.5 1.3 1.1 4.6 1.7 1.5

No streets .9 ................................... .2 .7 – – – – .2 – .2 .4 – .4

Not reported 13.8 ................................. 5.4 8.5 .6 .6 .5 .9 1.8 3.0 3.1 8.2 2.8 2.9

Trash, Litter, or Junk on Streets or Any

Properties Within 300 Feet

None 72.9 ........................................ 26.5 46.4 .7 .3 1.8 4.1 11.8 13.8 16.0 34.3 23.2 15.4 Minor accumulation 18.0 ........................... 3.9 14.1 – – 1.1 2.7 2.2 3.7 3.1 8.2 4.1 5.7 Major accumulation 7.1 ........................... 2.0 5.1 – – .7 1.1 .9 1.8 1.8 3.9 .9 2.3 Not reported 13.2 ................................. 5.2 8.0 .6 .6 .4 .9 1.6 3.0 2.4 7.9 2.4 2.9

Parking Lots2

With parking lots 20.4 .............................. 2.6 17.8 .2 – 2.3 1.6 1.6 5.8 3.6 7.4 7.2 5.8

Residents only 10.6 ............................. 1.1 9.6 – – 1.1 .9 1.1 3.7 1.8 3.3 4.0 3.4

Shoppers or workers only 9.2 .................... .9 8.3 – – 1.9 1.1 .7 2.5 1.6 4.4 2.2 2.6

Anyone 6.6 .................................... .7 6.0 .2 – .7 .7 .7 1.8 .7 2.1 2.4 2.1

Kind not reported .4 ........................... .2 .2 – – – – – – .2 .4 – –

No parking lots within 300 feet 78.7 .................. 30.0 48.7 .4 .3 1.6 6.4 13.5 13.7 17.5 40.2 21.0 17.5

Parking lot not reported 12.0 ........................ 4.9 7.1 .6 .6 .2 .9 1.3 2.8 2.2 6.8 2.4 2.9

Mobile Homes in Group

Mobile homes 1.0 ........................ 1.0 – – 1.0 – – – – – .3 .3 .3

1 to 6 .3 ....................................... .3 – – .3 – – – – – .3 – – 7 to 20 – ...................................... – – – –– –––––– – 21 or more .7 ................................... .7 – – .7 – – – – – – .3 .3

1See back cover for details.

2Figures may not add to total because more than one category may apply to a unit.

3Incomplete universe for this publication.

132 AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 5~9. Household CompositionmOccupied Units With Black Householder

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Tenure Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Selected subareas1

Physical problems

Total

occupied

units Owner Renter

New

con~

struction

4 years

Mobile

homes Severe Moderate

Elderly

(65 years

and over)

Moved in

past year

Below

poverty

level Area one Area two Area three

Population in housing unit 259.0 ..... 91.9 167.1 3.8 1.3 11.0 23.3 34.8 50.4 59.7 118.4 74.8 65.8

Total 111.1 ................................ 37.6 73.5 1.2 1.0 4.1 8.8 16.4 22.3 23.3 54.3 30.6 26.2

Persons

1 person 39.8 ..................................... 12.4 27.3 .4 .7 1.5 2.4 9.0 8.7 8.6 21.3 10.0 8.6

2 persons 31.5 .................................... 10.2 21.3 – .3 1.1 3.3 2.9 6.0 5.8 16.8 8.3 6.4

3 persons 18.6 .................................... 6.3 12.3 .4 – .4 .9 2.2 4.4 3.2 9.1 4.7 4.8

4 persons 13.0 .................................... 5.2 7.8 .2 – .2 1.3 .6 2.2 1.8 3.6 5.5 3.9

5 persons 3.9 .................................... 1.8 2.1 – – .5 .4 .2 .4 2.0 1.6 1.3 1.1

6 persons 3.3 .................................... 1.5 1.8 .2 – .2 .2 1.3 .4 1.4 1.6 .4 1.3

7 persons or more 1.1 ............................ .2 .9 – – .2 .2 .2 .2 .4 .4 .4 .2

Median 2.0 ...................................... 2.1 1.9 ... ... ... 2.1 1.5~ 1.9 2.0 1.9 2.1 2.2

Number of Single Children Under 18

Years

None 63.9 ........................................ 24.1 39.8 .2 .7 2.1 4.4 13.1 11.6 11.8 33.3 16.0 14.7 1 25.9 ........................................... 7.7 18.2 .6 .3 .7 1.8 2.2 5.4 4.3 13.2 8.0 4.7 2 13.5 ........................................... 3.4 10.1 .2 – .4 1.7 .2 3.5 3.3 4.0 5.5 4.0 3 4.2 ........................................... 1.7 2.5 – – .4 .4 .6 1.1 1.8 2.5 .2 1.5 4 2.4 ........................................... .4 2.0 .2 – .2 .2 – .4 1.6 .9 .4 1.1 5 .7 ........................................... – .7 – – .2 – – – .2 – .4 .2 6 or more .4 .................................... .2 .2 – – – .2 .2 .2 .2 .4 – – Median .5 ...................................... ~ .5~ .5~ ... ... ... .5~ .5~ .5~ .5~ .5~ .5~ .5~

Persons 65 Years Old and Over

None 91.0 ........................................ 25.9 65.1 1.2 1.0 3.6 8.1 ... 21.2 17.3 42.3 25.7 23.0

1 person 17.7 ..................................... 9.7 8.0 – – .5 .7 14.0 1.1 5.5 10.7 4.2 2.8

2 persons or more 2.4 ............................ 2.0 .5 – – – – 2.4 – .4 1.3 .7 .4

Age of Householder

Under 25 years 10.9 ............................... 3.2 7.7 .4 .6 .6 1.3 ... 2.7 2.3 6.5 1.7 2.6

25 to 29 7.6 ..................................... .5 7.1 – – – 1.8 ... 4.3 .9 2.7 2.3 2.6

30 to 34 13.0 ..................................... 2.4 10.6 .5 – .2 1.7 ... 4.2 2.2 5.2 5.0 2.8

35 to 44 26.3 ..................................... 7.0 19.3 .4 – 1.6 2.0 ... 6.3 5.5 10.8 8.8 6.8

45 to 54 23.5 ..................................... 7.6 15.9 – – 1.2 1.1 ... 3.7 4.0 11.9 6.3 5.4

55 to 64 13.4 ..................................... 7.7 5.7 – .3 .2 .7 ... .5 3.2 7.2 2.5 3.6

65 to 74 9.8 ..................................... 5.3 4.5 – – .3 .2 9.8 .7 2.9 6.7 2.0 1.1

75 years and over 6.7 ............................ 4.0 2.7 – – – – 6.7 – 2.2 3.4 2.0 1.3

Median 44 ...................................... 53 41 ... ... ... 34 73 35 47 47 42 42

Household Composition by Age of

Householder

2~or~more person households 71.4 .................. 25.2 46.2 .9 .3 2.6 6.4 7.5 13.7 14.6 33.1 20.6 17.6

Married~couple families, no nonrelatives 25.4 ....... 15.1 10.3 .7 .3 .5 1.5 2.9 4.2 2.2 9.0 9.1 7.3

Under 25 years 1.6 ........................... .8 .9 – .3 – – ... .2 .4 .5 .2 .9

25 to 29 years 1.4 ............................ .2 1.2 – – – .2 ... .5 – .2 .7 .5

30 to 34 years 4.3 ............................ 2.2 2.2 .5 – – .2 ... 1.5 – .9 2.2 1.3

35 to 44 years 7.2 ............................ 4.1 3.1 .2 – .5 .6 ... 1.5 .7 2.2 2.7 2.3

45 to 64 years 7.9 ............................ 5.4 2.4 – – – .4 ... .5 .2 3.4 2.6 1.9

65 years and over 2.9 ........................ 2.4 .5 – – – – 2.9 – .9 1.8 .7 .4

Other male householder 12.8 ..................... 3.1 9.7 – – 1.1 1.5 1.8 2.2 2.2 7.8 3.1 1.9

Under 45 years 7.3 ........................... .5 6.8 – – .7 1.5 ... 1.9 1.3 4.0 2.0 1.3

45 to 64 years 3.7 ............................ 1.3 2.4 – – .4 – ... .2 .7 2.2 1.1 .4

65 years and over 1.8 ........................ 1.3 .5 – – – – 1.8 – .2 1.6 – .2

Other female householder 33.2 ................... 7.0 26.2 .2 – 1.1 3.4 2.8 7.3 10.2 16.3 8.5 8.4

Under 45 years 18.5 ........................... 2.2 16.4 .2 – .9 2.3 ... 5.9 5.9 8.5 4.7 5.4

45 to 64 years 11.8 ............................ 3.5 8.3 – – .2 1.1 ... 1.1 3.4 6.1 3.1 2.6

65 years and over 2.8 ........................ 1.3 1.5 – – – – 2.8 .2 .9 1.7 .6 .4

1~person households 39.8 .......................... 12.4 27.3 .4 .7 1.5 2.4 9.0 8.7 8.6 21.3 10.0 8.6

Male householder 17.8 ........................... 6.5 11.3 .2 .7 1.3 1.8 3.1 4.0 3.0 9.5 4.9 3.4

Under 45 years 7.8 ........................... 2.1 5.7 .2 .3 .2 1.3 ... 2.4 .7 3.9 2.8 1.1

45 to 64 years 6.9 ............................ 2.5 4.4 – .3 .8 .3 ... 1.4 1.7 3.6 1.4 1.9

65 years and over 3.1 ........................ 2.0 1.2 – – .3 .2 3.1 .2 .7 2.0 .7 .4

Female householder 22.0 ........................ 5.9 16.1 .2 – .2 .7 5.8 4.6 5.6 11.7 5.1 5.2

Under 45 years 9.6 ........................... 1.1 8.5 .2 – .2 .7 ... 3.5 2.0 5.1 2.4 2.1

45 to 64 years 6.5 ............................ 2.6 4.0 – – – – ... .9 1.1 3.8 .6 2.1

65 years and over 5.8 ........................ 2.2 3.6 – – – – 5.8 .2 2.5 2.9 2.0 .9

Adults and Single Children Under 18

Years Old

Total households with children 47.2 .................. 13.5 33.7 1.0 .3 2.0 4.4 3.3 10.8 11.4 21.0 14.6 11.5

Married couples 13.3 ............................ 7.4 6.0 .7 – .2 1.1 .4 2.2 .9 3.6 5.5 4.2

One child under 6 only .9 ..................... .9 – .2 – – – – .4 – .5 .2 .2

One under 6, one or more 6 to 17 2.9 ........... .8 2.0 .4 – – .9 – .4 – – 1.6 1.3

Two or more under 6 only 1.8 .................. .9 .9 – – – – – .7 .2 .5 .6 .6

Two or more under 6, one or more 6 to 17 .4 ... – .4 – – – .2 – .2 .2 .2 – .2

One or more 6 to 17 only 7.4 .................. 4.8 2.6 – – .2 – .4 .4 .4 2.4 3.1 1.9

Other households with two or more adults 12.4 ...... 2.8 9.6 – – 1.1 1.1 2.4 2.4 3.1 5.3 3.9 3.2

One child under 6 only 2.8 ..................... – 2.8 – – – – .7 .5 .7 1.6 .9 .4

One under 6, one or more 6 to 17 1.3 ........... .2 1.1 – – – .4 .2 .4 .4 .4 .5 .4

Two or more under 6 only .7 .................. .2 .5 – – – – .2 – .4 .4 .3 –

Two or more under 6, one or more 6 to 17 .7 ... .2 .4 – – – – – – .2 .2 – .4

One or more 6 to 17 only 6.9 .................. 2.2 4.8 – – 1.1 .7 1.3 1.5 1.3 2.6 2.3 2.0

Households with one adult or none 21.4 ............ 3.3 18.1 .4 .3 .7 2.2 .5 6.2 7.5 12.1 5.2 4.1

One child under 6 only 1.6 ..................... – 1.6 – – .5 .4 – .2 .2 1.3 .2 –

One under 6, one or more 6 to 17 1.8 ........... – 1.8 – – – .4 – 1.1 1.2 1.1 – .7

Two or more under 6 only .2 .................. – .2 – – – – – .2 .2 – .2 –

Two or more under 6, one or more 6 to 17 1.1 ... – 1.1 – – .2 – – .2 .9 .9 – .2

One or more 6 to 17 only 16.8 .................. 3.3 13.4 .4 .3 – 1.3 .5 4.4 5.0 8.8 4.7 3.2

Total households with no children 63.9 ............... 24.1 39.8 .2 .7 2.1 4.4 13.1 11.6 11.8 33.3 16.0 14.7

Married couples 12.9 ............................ 8.0 4.9 – .3 .2 .4 2.7 2.0 1.3 5.6 4.2 3.1

Other households with two or more adults 15.3 ...... 5.3 10.0 .2 – .4 2.0 1.5 2.1 2.3 8.7 3.1 3.5

Households with one adult 35.8 ................... 10.8 24.9 – .3 1.5 2.0 9.0 7.4 8.2 19.0 8.7 8.1

AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998 133

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 5~9. Household CompositionmOccupied Units With Black HouseholdermCon.

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Tenure Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Selected subareas1

Physical problems

Total

occupied

units Owner Renter

New

con~

struction

4 years

Mobile

homes Severe Moderate

Elderly

(65 years

and over)

Moved in

past year

Below

poverty

level Area one Area two Area three

Own Never Married Children Under 18

Years Old

No own children under 18 years 77.0 ................ 29.0 48.1 .6 1.0 2.3 5.3 15.5 13.7 15.3 40.6 19.4 17.0

With own children under 18 years 34.1 ............... 8.6 25.5 .7 – 1.8 3.5 .9 8.6 8.0 13.7 11.2 9.2

Under 6 years only 6.4 .......................... 1.7 4.7 .2 – .7 .6 – 2.0 .9 3.3 2.0 1.1

1 4.2 ....................................... .9 3.4 .2 – .7 .6 – 1.1 .2 2.7 1.1 .4

2 2.2 ....................................... .9 1.3 – – – – – .9 .7 .7 .9 .6

3 or more – ................................ – – – –– –––––– –

6 to 17 years only 21.7 ........................... 5.6 16.1 – – 1.1 1.6 .7 4.6 5.2 8.3 7.6 5.8

1 13.2 ....................................... 3.3 9.9 – – .4 .9 .5 2.9 2.4 5.4 4.6 3.2

2 6.7 ....................................... 1.5 5.3 – – .7 .4 – 1.3 1.8 2.7 2.6 1.5

3 or more 1.8 ................................ .9 .9 – – – .2 .2 .5 1.1 .2 .4 1.1

Both age groups 6.0 ............................ 1.3 4.7 .4 – – 1.3 .2 2.0 1.9 2.1 1.6 2.4

2 3.1 ....................................... .9 2.3 .2 – – .7 – .6 .7 .5 1.3 1.3

3 or more 2.9 ................................ .4 2.5 .2 – – .7 .2 1.4 1.2 1.6 .2 1.1

Persons Other Than Spouse or

Children2

With other relatives 29.1 ................... 11.7 17.4 .2 – 1.8 2.0 5.5 3.0 7.4 14.8 8.1 6.2 Single adult offspring 18 to 29 12.5 .................. 4.8 7.7 – – .9 1.1 .6 1.3 2.9 5.7 4.0 2.8 Single adult offspring 30 years of age or over 4.8 ..... 2.6 2.2 – – – .4 2.2 – 1.1 2.2 1.3 1.3 Households with three generations 6.8 .............. 2.8 3.9 – – .7 .8 1.1 .9 2.4 3.1 2.0 1.7 Households with 1 subfamily 5.0 ................... 1.5 3.5 – – .2 .8 1.1 .7 2.0 2.5 1.3 1.3 Subfamily householder age under 30 3.5 .......... .9 2.7 – – .2 .4 .2 .5 1.6 2.0 .7 .8 30 to 64 1.5 ................................... .7 .8 – – – .4 .9 .2 .4 .4 .6 .4 65 and over – ................................ – – – –– –––––– – Households with 2 or more subfamilies – .......... – – – –– –––––– – Households with other types of relatives 14.5 ......... 5.9 8.6 .2 – 1.3 .4 3.3 1.7 4.8 8.2 3.6 2.7 With non~relatives 11.4 ..................... 2.6 8.8 .2 – .6 1.5 .6 2.1 .8 4.9 3.5 3.0 Co~owners or co~renters 3.7 ....................... .7 3.0 – – .4 .2 – .9 .4 1.5 .7 1.5 Lodgers 3.0 ..................................... .2 2.8 – – – .6 – .7 .2 1.5 .9 .6 Unrelated children, under 18 years old 2.4 ........... .6 1.8 – – .2 .2 – .2 .2 .9 1.1 .4 Other non~relatives 4.5 ............................ 1.8 2.8 .2 – – .6 .6 .6 – 1.7 1.8 1.1 One or more secondary families .2 ................ – .2 – – – – – – – – – .2 2~person households, none related to each other 4.5 . .7 3.8 – – .2 .8 – 1.2 .4 2.1 .9 1.5 3~8 person households, none related to each

other .6 ....................................... .4 .2 – – – .2 – – – .4 .2 –

Educational Attainment of the

Householder

Less than 9th grade 7.1 ........................... 3.8 3.3 .2 – – .6 3.1 1.5 2.0 4.6 1.3 1.1 9th to 12th grade, no diploma 24.5 .................. 8.0 16.5 – .6 1.1 1.8 6.4 2.9 8.0 13.5 3.5 7.4 High school graduate (includes equivalency) 23.3 ..... 5.6 17.7 – .3 .2 1.7 2.7 5.0 5.0 10.8 7.2 5.3 Additional vocational training 4.3 ................. 1.2 3.0 – .3 – .4 .2 .9 .6 1.3 2.1 .8 Some college, no degree 25.2 ...................... 7.2 18.0 .5 – .6 2.4 2.2 4.6 5.5 10.5 8.3 6.4 Associate degree 8.4 ............................. 2.1 6.2 – – 1.0 1.3 .2 3.0 1.1 3.9 2.8 1.7 Bachelor’s degree 15.5 ............................ 6.9 8.6 .6 – .7 .5 .9 3.7 .9 7.5 4.6 3.4 Graduate or professional degree 7.1 ................ 3.8 3.2 – – .5 .4 .8 1.6 .9 3.5 2.8 .8 Percent high school graduate or higher 75.4 .......... 71.8 77.3 83.1 70.4 72.2 77.5 43.3 83.9 59.9 69.0 91.0 70.5 Percent bachelor’s degree or higher 20.4 ............. 28.6 16.2 46.8 – 27.7 10.4 10.6 23.6 7.5 20.3 24.2 16.0

Year Householder Moved Into Unit

2000 to 2004 – ................................. – – – –– –––––– –

1995 to 1999 50.1 ................................. 8.1 42.1 1.2 – 2.9 5.3 2.2 22.3 9.9 22.2 13.9 14.0

1990 to 1994 23.8 ................................. 5.3 18.5 – .3 1.0 1.5 1.4 – 5.6 11.5 7.3 5.0

1985 to 1989 11.7 ................................. 5.3 6.4 – .3 .3 1.1 2.8 – 2.3 6.5 2.9 2.4

1980 to 1984 4.8 ................................. 2.6 2.1 – – – .2 1.7 – .4 2.0 1.7 1.1

1975 to 1979 6.9 ................................. 5.8 1.1 – .3 – – 1.5 – .4 3.5 2.3 1.0

1970 to 1974 6.6 ................................. 4.3 2.3 – – – .5 2.0 – 3.0 4.7 .9 1.1

1960 to 1969 4.4 ................................. 3.5 .9 – – – .2 2.7 – 1.1 2.5 .9 1.1

1950 to 1959 1.5 ................................. 1.3 .2 – – – – 1.1 – .4 .9 .2 .4

1940 to 1949 1.3 ................................. 1.3 – – – – – 1.1 – – .7 .5 .2

1939 or earlier – ................................ – – – –– –––––– –

Median 1994 ...................................... 1985 1995+ ... ... ... 1995+ 1980 1995+ 1993 1993 1994 1995+

Household Moves and Formation in Last

Year

Total with a move in last year 29.7 ........... 5.9 23.8 .6 – 1.4 3.7 1.8 22.3 5.4 13.9 7.3 8.5

Household all moved here from one unit 19.4 ......... 3.0 16.4 .4 – .9 2.9 .7 19.4 3.4 9.7 4.0 5.7

Householder of previous unit did not move

here ... ...................................... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Householder of previous unit moved here ... ...... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Householder of previous unit not reported ... ...... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Household moved here from two or more units 1.8 ... .2 1.6 – – – .4 – 1.8 .2 .4 .7 .6

No previous householder moved here ... ......... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

1 previous householder moved here ... ........... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

2 or more previous householders moved here ... .. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Previous householder(s) not reported ... ......... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Some already here, rest moved in 8.6 .............. 2.7 5.9 .2 – .5 .4 1.1 1.2 1.8 3.8 2.7 2.1

No previous householder moved here ... ......... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 1 or more previous householders moved here ... .. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Previous householder(s) not reported ... ......... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Number of previous units not reported – ........... – – – –– –––––– –

1See back cover for details.

2Figures may not add to total because more than one category may apply to a unit.

134 AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 5~10. Previous Unit of Recent MoversmOccupied Units With Black Householder

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Tenure Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Selected subareas1

Physical problems

Total

occupied

units Owner Renter

New

con~

struction

4 years

Mobile

homes Severe Moderate

Elderly

(65 years

and over)

Moved in

past year

Below

poverty

level Area one Area two Area three

UNITS WHERE HOUSEHOLDER MOVED

DURING PAST YEAR

Total 22.3 ................................ 3.4 18.9 .4 – .9 3.3 .7 22.3 4.1 10.6 5.1 6.6

Location of Previous Unit

Inside same PMSA ... ............................ ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

In central city(s) ... ............................ ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Not in central city(s) ... ......................... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Inside different PMSA in same state ... ............. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

In central city(s) ... ............................ ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Not in central city(s) ... ......................... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Inside different PMSA in different state ... .......... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

In central city(s) ... ............................ ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Not in central city(s) ... ......................... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Outside any metropolitan area ... .................. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Same state ... ................................ ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Different state ... .............................. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Different nation ... ............................... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Structure Type of Previous Residence

Moved from within United States 22.3 ........ 3.4 18.9 .4 – .9 3.3 .7 22.3 4.1 10.6 5.1 6.6

House 6.8 ....................................... 1.3 5.5 – – .7 .7 .4 6.8 1.5 3.1 1.6 2.1

Apartment 11.9 ................................... .8 11.1 – – – 2.0 .2 11.9 1.8 5.8 2.5 3.6

Mobile home – ................................. – – – –– –––––– –

Other 1.4 ....................................... .2 1.2 – – .2 – – 1.4 .5 1.0 .4 –

Not reported 2.2 ................................. 1.0 1.1 .4 – – .7 – 2.2 .2 .7 .6 .9

Tenure of Previous Residence

House, apt., mobile home in United

States 18.8 .............................. 2.2 16.6 – – .7 2.6 .7 18.8 3.4 9.0 4.0 5.8 Owner occupied 2.9 .............................. .4 2.4 – – .2 .2 .2 2.9 .5 1.6 .4 .9 Renter occupied 15.9 .............................. 1.7 14.2 – – .5 2.4 .4 15.9 2.9 7.4 3.6 4.9

Persons m Previous Residence

House, apt., mobile home in United

States 18.8 .............................. 2.2 16.6 – – .7 2.6 .7 18.8 3.4 9.0 4.0 5.8 1 person 2.7 ..................................... – 2.7 – – .3 .2 – 2.7 – 1.8 .5 .4 2 persons 5.3 .................................... 1.1 4.2 – – – .7 – 5.3 .4 2.0 1.8 1.5 3 persons 5.2 .................................... .6 4.6 – – .2 .5 .4 5.2 1.1 2.6 1.1 1.5 4 persons 3.0 .................................... – 3.0 – – – .4 – 3.0 1.1 1.1 .6 1.2 5 persons .4 .................................... – .4 – – – – – .4 .2 .2 – .2 6 persons .9 .................................... .2 .7 – – – .4 – .9 – .5 – .4 7 persons or more .2 ............................ – .2 – – – – – .2 .2 .2 – – Not reported .9 ................................. .2 .6 – – .2 .5 .2 .9 .2 .4 – .4 Median 2.7 ...................................... ... 2.7 ... ... ... ... ... 2.7 ... 2.7 ... 3.0

Previous Home Owned or Rented by

Someone Who Moved Here

House, apt., mobile home in United

States 18.8 .............................. 2.2 16.6 – – .7 2.6 .7 18.8 3.4 9.0 4.0 5.8

Owned or rented by a mover 15.5 ................... 2.0 13.6 – – .5 1.8 .4 15.5 2.7 6.9 3.8 4.7

Owned or rented by other 2.6 ...................... – 2.6 – – – .7 – 2.6 .7 1.8 .2 .6 By a relative .8 ................................ – .8 – – – .4 – .8 .4 .4 .2 .2 By a nonrelative 1.8 ............................ – 1.8 – – – .2 – 1.8 .2 1.4 – .4 Not reported – ............................... – – – –– –––––– – Not reported .7 ................................. .2 .4 – – .2 .2 .2 .7 – .2 – .4

Change in Housing Costs

House, apt., mobile home in United

States 18.8 .............................. 2.2 16.6 – – .7 2.6 .7 18.8 3.4 9.0 4.0 5.8 Increased with move 9.2 .......................... 1.5 7.6 – – .2 1.3 – 9.2 1.9 4.0 2.2 2.9 Decreased 5.3 ................................... – 5.3 – – .3 .7 .2 5.3 .9 2.5 1.4 1.3 Stayed about the same 3.5 ........................ .5 3.0 – – – .4 .2 3.5 .5 2.0 .5 1.0 Don’t know .2 ................................... – .2 – – – – – .2 – .2 – –

Not reported .7 ................................. .2 .4 – – .2 .2 .2 .7 – .2 – .4

1See back cover for details.

AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998 135

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 5~11. Reasons for Move and Choice of Current ResidencemOccupied Units With Black

Householder

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Tenure Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Selected subareas1

Physical problems

Total

occupied

units Owner Renter

New

con~

struction

4 years

Mobile

homes Severe Moderate

Elderly

(65 years

and over)

Moved in

past year

Below

poverty

level Area one Area two Area three

RESPONDENT MOVED DURING PAST

YEAR

Total 23.0 ................................ 3.9 19.1 .4 – 1.1 3.3 1.1 22.3 4.3 11.0 5.3 6.6

Reasons for Leaving Previous Unit2

Private displacement 2.1 .......................... – 2.1 – – – .4 – 2.1 .9 .7 .7 .8

Owner to move into unit 1.3 ..................... – 1.3 – – – .4 – 1.3 .7 .2 .4 .6

To be converted to condominium or

cooperative – ............................... – – – –– –––––– –

Closed for repairs – ........................... – – – –– –––––– –

Other .9 ..................................... – .9 – – – – – .9 .2 .4 .2 .2

Not reported – ............................... – – – –– –––––– –

Government displacement – ..................... – – – –– –––––– –

Government wanted building or land – .......... – – – –– –––––– –

Unit unfit for occupancy – ...................... – – – –– –––––– –

Other – ..................................... – – – –– –––––– –

Not reported – ............................... – – – –– –––––– –

Disaster loss (fire, flood, etc.) – ................... – – – –– –––––– –

New job or job transfer 2.0 ........................ .4 1.6 – – .3 .2 – 2.0 .5 1.2 .6 .2

To be closer to work/school/other 2.0 ............... – 2.0 – – .2 .2 – 2.0 .7 1.1 .5 .4

Other, financial/employment related 2.4 ............. – 2.4 – – – .2 – 2.4 – 1.1 .7 .6

To establish own household 3.1 .................... 1.1 2.0 – – – .4 .2 2.9 .9 1.4 1.1 .7

Needed larger house or apartment 4.0 .............. .4 3.6 – – – .2 – 4.0 .5 1.8 .9 1.3

Married .3 ...................................... – .3 – – – – – .3 – – .3 –

Widowed, divorced or separated .6 ................ – .6 – – – – – .6 .2 – .2 .4

Other, family/person related 2.9 .................... – 2.9 – – – .9 .2 2.9 .9 1.5 .4 .9

Wanted better home 3.6 .......................... .2 3.3 – – .2 .5 – 3.6 .3 2.0 .5 1.1

Change from owner to renter .5 ................... – .5 – – – – – .5 – .2 – .2

Change from renter to owner .7 ................... .7 – – – – .2 – .7 – .4 – .2

Wanted lower rent or maintenance 1.9 .............. – 1.9 – – – – .2 1.9 .5 1.2 .2 .5

Other housing related reasons 1.9 .................. .2 1.7 – – – – – 1.9 – .9 .2 .8

Other 3.4 ....................................... .2 3.2 – – .2 .9 – 3.2 .9 1.8 .7 .9

Not reported 2.8 ................................. 1.5 1.3 .4 – .2 .9 .4 2.6 .2 1.1 .6 1.1

Main Reason for Leaving Previous Unit

All reported reasons equal 1.3 ..................... – 1.3 – – – – – 1.3 .2 .6 .2 .4

Private displacement .4 .......................... – .4 – – – – – .4 .2 .2 – .2

Government displacement – ..................... – – – –– –––––– –

Disaster loss (fire, flood, etc.) – ................... – – – –– –––––– –

New job or job transfer 1.8 ........................ .4 1.3 – – .3 .2 – 1.8 .2 .9 .6 .2

To be closer to work/school/other 1.0 ............... – 1.0 – – .2 – – 1.0 .4 .6 – .4

Other, financial/employment related 1.3 ............. – 1.3 – – – .2 – 1.3 – .6 .2 .4 To establish own household 2.2 .................... .9 1.4 – – – .4 .2 2.0 .4 .9 1.1 .2 Needed larger house or apartment 2.9 .............. .4 2.4 – – – .2 – 2.9 .2 1.4 .5 1.0 Married, widowed, divorced, or separated 1.3 ........ – 1.3 – – – .2 – 1.3 .4 .2 .5 .6 Other, family/personal related .9 .................. – .9 – – – – .2 .9 .2 .4 .2 .2 Wanted better home 1.1 .......................... – 1.1 – – .2 .2 – 1.1 – .7 .2 .2 Change from owner to renter or renter to owner .9 ... .7 .2 – – – .2 – .9 – .7 – .2 Wanted lower rent or maintenance 1.5 .............. – 1.5 – – – – .2 1.5 .5 .7 .2 .5 Other housing related reasons 1.1 .................. – 1.1 – – – – – 1.1 – .4 .2 .4 Other 1.8 ....................................... – 1.8 – – .2 .5 – 1.6 .5 1.1 .5 .2 Not reported 3.5 ................................. 1.5 2.0 .4 – .2 1.1 .4 3.3 .9 1.4 .9 1.3

Choice of Present Neighborhood2

Convenient to job 6.4 ............................. 1.3 5.1 – – .5 .9 .2 6.2 .7 3.2 1.1 2.1

Convenient to friends or relatives 3.9 ............... .4 3.5 – – – 1.1 .2 3.9 .9 1.1 1.1 1.7

Convenient to leisure activities 2.3 .................. .4 1.8 – – – .7 – 2.3 .3 1.2 .2 .8

Convenient to public transportation 4.4 .............. .4 4.0 – – .3 .7 .2 4.4 – 2.3 .9 1.2

Good schools 1.6 ................................ .2 1.4 – – .2 .2 – 1.6 .4 1.2 .4 –

Other public services 3.0 .......................... .2 2.8 – – – .5 – 3.0 .3 1.6 .9 .4

Looks/design of neighborhood 3.0 .................. .6 2.4 – – – .4 – 3.0 .4 1.5 .9 .6

House was most important consideration 3.0 ........ 1.1 1.9 – – – .2 – 3.0 .4 1.1 .9 1.0

Other 4.9 ....................................... .5 4.5 – – .2 .7 – 4.7 1.4 2.9 1.3 .7

Not reported 5.3 ................................. 1.7 3.6 .4 – .2 1.1 .7 5.1 .5 2.0 .9 2.4

Main Reason for Choice of Present

Neighborhood

All reported reasons equal 2.6 ..................... – 2.6 – – – .7 .2 2.6 .2 1.5 .2 .8 Convenient to job 3.8 ............................. .9 3.0 – – .5 .2 .2 3.6 .7 2.3 .6 .9 Convenient to friends or relatives 1.5 ............... – 1.5 – – – .4 – 1.5 .7 .2 .7 .6 Convenient to leisure activities .3 .................. – .3 – – – – – .3 .3 .3 – – Convenient to public transportation .7 .............. – .7 – – – – – .7 – .7 – – Good schools .6 ................................ – .6 – – .2 – – .6 .2 .4 .2 –

Other public services .2 .......................... – .2 – – – – – .2 – – – .2

Looks/design of neighborhood 1.5 .................. .2 1.3 – – – .2 – 1.5 – .7 .4 .4

House was most important consideration 2.1 ........ .6 1.5 – – – – – 2.1 .4 .6 .9 .6

Other ....................................... 4.3 .5 3.8 – – .2 .7 – 4.1 1.4 2.3 1.3 .7

Not reported 5.3 ................................. 1.7 3.6 .4 – .2 1.1 .7 5.1 .5 2.0 .9 2.4

Neighborhood Search

Looked at just this neighborhood 6.7 ................ 1.1 5.6 – – .7 .9 .4 6.5 1.6 3.9 1.1 1.7 Looked at other neighborhood(s) 13.2 ............... 1.3 11.9 – – .2 1.5 .2 13.0 2.5 6.0 3.6 3.6 Not reported 3.0 ................................. 1.5 1.5 .4 – .2 .9 .4 2.8 .2 1.1 .6 1.3

Choice of Present Home2

Financial reasons 8.4 ............................. 1.1 7.3 – – .2 .9 .2 8.4 1.4 3.8 2.2 2.4

Room layout/design 4.9 ........................... .6 4.2 – – – .4 – 4.9 .5 2.5 1.1 1.2

Kitchen 1.1 ...................................... .4 .6 – – – .2 – 1.1 – – .5 .6

Size 6.8 ......................................... 1.1 5.8 – – .2 .9 .2 6.6 1.2 3.2 2.0 1.7

Exterior appearance 2.6 ........................... .4 2.2 – – .2 .2 .2 2.4 .2 .7 .7 1.2

Yard/trees/view 1.5 ............................... .4 1.0 – – – .2 .2 1.5 – .4 .2 .8

Quality of construction 1.8 ......................... .7 1.1 – – .2 – – 1.6 – .5 .7 .6

Only one available 2.6 ............................ .2 2.4 – – .5 .7 – 2.6 .2 1.1 .4 1.1

Other 2.3 ....................................... .2 2.1 – – .2 .2 – 2.1 .9 1.4 .5 .5

136 AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 5~11. Reasons for Move and Choice of Current ResidencemOccupied Units With Black

HouseholdermCon.

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Tenure Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Selected subareas1

Physical problems

Total

occupied

units Owner Renter

New

con~

struction

4 years

Mobile

homes Severe Moderate

Elderly

(65 years

and over)

Moved in

past year

Below

poverty

level Area one Area two Area three

RESPONDENT MOVED DURING PAST

YEARmCon.

Main Reason for Choice of Present

Home

All reported reasons equal 2.0 ..................... .2 1.8 – – – .7 .2 2.0 .3 1.0 .2 .8

Financial reasons 5.9 ............................. .7 5.3 – – .2 .6 .2 5.9 1.4 3.1 1.3 1.5

Room layout/design 1.5 ........................... – 1.5 – – – – – 1.5 – 1.1 .2 .2

Kitchen .2 ...................................... – .2 – – – – – .2 – – .2 –

Size 3.3 ......................................... .4 2.9 – – – .2 – 3.3 .9 1.3 1.1 .8

Exterior appearance .2 ........................... – .2 – – – – – .2 – .2 – –

Yard/trees/view .2 ............................... – .2 – – – – – .2 – .2 – –

Quality of construction .7 ......................... .2 .4 – – .2 – – .4 – .2 .2 .2

Only one available 2.2 ............................ .2 2.0 – – .5 .4 – 2.2 .2 .9 .4 .9

Other 1.9 ....................................... .2 1.6 – – – .2 – 1.9 .9 .9 .5 .5

Not reported 4.8 ................................. 1.9 2.9 .4 – .2 1.1 .7 4.4 .7 2.0 1.1 1.7

Home Search

Now in house 9.8 ................................ 3.7 6.1 .4 ... – 1.1 .7 9.4 1.8 2.5 3.1 4.3

Did not look at apartments 6.8 ................... 2.2 4.6 – ... – .2 .2 6.6 1.1 1.8 2.5 2.6

Looked at apartments too 1.3 .................... – 1.3 – ... – .6 – 1.3 .4 .2 .2 .8

Search not reported 1.7 ......................... 1.5 .2 .4 ... – .2 .4 1.5 .2 .4 .4 .9

Now in mobile home – .......................... – – – –– –––––– –

Did not look at apartments – ................... – – – –– –––––– –

Looked at apartments too – .................... – – – –– –––––– –

Search not reported – ......................... – – – –– –––––– –

Now in apartment 13.2 ............................. .2 13.0 – ... 1.1 2.3 .4 13.0 2.5 8.6 2.2 2.3

Did not look at houses 6.5 ....................... – 6.5 – ... .4 .9 .2 6.5 1.4 4.1 1.1 1.3

Looked at houses too 5.1 ....................... .2 4.9 – ... .2 .7 .2 4.9 1.2 3.6 .9 .6

Search not reported 1.6 ......................... – 1.6 – ... .5 .7 – 1.6 – .9 .2 .4

Recent Mover Comparison to Previous

Home

Better home 8.7 .................................. 2.2 6.5 – – .2 1.1 .4 8.3 1.9 3.4 2.9 2.4 Worse home 5.3 ................................. .2 5.1 – – .5 1.1 – 5.3 1.3 2.9 .9 1.5

About the same 5.5 .............................. – 5.5 – – .2 .2 .2 5.5 .9 3.1 .9 1.4

Not reported 3.5 ................................. 1.5 2.0 .4 – .2 .9 .4 3.3 .2 1.6 .6 1.3

Recent Mover Comparison to Previous

Neighborhood

Better neighborhood 5.5 .......................... .9 4.6 – – – .7 .4 5.3 1.4 2.2 .9 2.4

Worse neighborhood 4.5 .......................... .2 4.2 – – .5 1.1 – 4.5 .7 2.7 .9 .8

About the same 8.9 .............................. 1.3 7.6 – – .2 .7 .2 8.9 2.1 3.9 2.8 2.1

Same neighborhood .6 ........................... – .6 – – .2 – – .4 – .6 – –

Not reported 3.5 ................................. 1.5 2.0 .4 – .2 .9 .4 3.3 .2 1.6 .6 1.3

1See back cover for details.

2Figures may not add to total because more than one category may apply to a unit.

AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998 137

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 5~12. Income CharacteristicsmOccupied Units With Black Householder

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Tenure Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Selected subareas1

Physical problems

Total

occupied

units Owner Renter

New

con~

struction

4 years

Mobile

homes Severe Moderate

Elderly

(65 years

and over)

Moved in

past year

Below

poverty

level Area one Area two Area three

Total 111.1 ................................ 37.6 73.5 1.2 1.0 4.1 8.8 16.4 22.3 23.3 54.3 30.6 26.2

Household Income

Less than $5,000 8.8 ............................. 1.5 7.3 – – .7 .4 1.9 1.6 8.8 5.8 .8 2.2

$5,000 to $9,999 12.3 ............................. 2.2 10.1 – – .3 1.5 3.4 1.4 10.3 7.2 2.5 2.6

$10,000 to $14,999 9.3 ........................... 2.0 7.3 – – .2 .2 3.4 1.5 2.8 5.2 2.4 1.8

$15,000 to $19,999 8.2 ........................... 1.7 6.5 – – .4 .9 1.7 1.8 .7 4.4 1.9 1.9

$20,000 to $24,999 6.7 ........................... 1.9 4.8 – .3 .5 .9 .9 2.4 .7 4.6 .9 1.2

$25,000 to $29,999 9.8 ........................... 1.4 8.4 – .3 1.4 .9 .7 2.6 – 5.2 2.8 1.9

$30,000 to $34,999 6.4 ........................... 1.4 5.0 – – – .4 .5 2.2 – 3.6 .8 2.0

$35,000 to $39,999 4.8 ........................... 1.1 3.7 – – – .9 .5 1.1 – 1.5 2.0 1.3

$40,000 to $49,999 10.0 ........................... 5.1 4.9 .2 .3 .2 .9 .6 2.7 – 2.6 3.7 3.6

$50,000 to $59,999 7.8 ........................... 3.1 4.7 – – – .2 .7 2.0 – 4.1 2.2 1.5

$60,000 to $79,999 14.3 ........................... 7.6 6.7 .4 – .4 1.1 1.1 1.7 – 5.9 5.2 3.2

$80,000 to $99,999 5.0 ........................... 3.1 1.9 – – – .2 .2 .2 – 1.5 2.2 1.3

$100,000 to $119,999 3.3 ......................... 2.6 .7 .4 – – – – .4 – 1.4 1.1 .8

$120,000 or more 4.5 ............................. 3.0 1.6 .2 – – .2 .9 .7 – 1.5 2.0 1.0

Median 30 329 ...................................... 51 579 25 448 ... ... ... 27 509 14 281 29 712 6 362 25 006 42 982 34 039

As percent of poverty level:

Less than 50 percent 11.3 .......................... 1.7 9.5 – – .7 .9 2.4 2.3 11.3 7.8 .8 2.6

50 to 99 12.0 ..................................... 2.2 9.8 – – .7 1.1 2.7 1.8 12.0 6.3 3.3 2.4

100 to 149 9.6 ................................... 1.5 8.1 – – .4 .9 2.6 1.1 ... 5.9 2.4 1.3

150 to 199 9.0 ................................... 2.0 7.0 – – – 1.5 1.8 1.8 ... 4.8 1.8 2.4

200 percent or more 69.2 .......................... 30.1 39.1 1.2 1.0 2.3 4.4 6.9 15.4 ... 29.5 22.2 17.5

Income of Families and Primary

Individuals

Less than $5,000 9.5 ............................. 1.5 8.0 – – .7 .7 1.9 1.6 8.8 6.3 1.1 2.2

$5,000 to $9,999 12.3 ............................. 2.2 10.1 – – .3 1.5 3.4 1.4 10.3 7.2 2.5 2.6

$10,000 to $14,999 10.4 ........................... 2.0 8.3 – – .2 .2 3.4 1.7 2.8 5.8 2.4 2.1

$15,000 to $19,999 8.6 ........................... 1.7 6.9 – – .4 .9 1.7 1.8 .7 4.5 2.1 1.9

$20,000 to $24,999 7.4 ........................... 2.3 5.1 – .3 .5 1.4 .9 2.6 .7 4.8 .9 1.7

$25,000 to $29,999 9.8 ........................... 1.4 8.4 – .3 1.4 .6 .7 3.1 – 4.9 2.8 2.1

$30,000 to $34,999 7.2 ........................... 1.6 5.6 – – – .4 .7 2.4 – 4.0 .8 2.4

$35,000 to $39,999 3.9 ........................... 1.1 2.8 – – – 1.1 .5 .9 – 1.0 2.0 .9

$40,000 to $49,999 9.5 ........................... 4.9 4.7 .2 .3 .4 .5 .9 2.4 – 2.4 3.8 3.4

$50,000 to $59,999 7.3 ........................... 3.1 4.2 – – – .2 .4 1.4 – 4.1 2.2 1.0

$60,000 to $79,999 14.3 ........................... 8.0 6.3 .4 – .2 .9 .9 1.7 – 5.5 5.6 3.2

$80,000 to $99,999 3.4 ........................... 2.4 1.0 – – – .2 .4 .2 – .8 1.7 .8

$100,000 to $119,999 3.5 ......................... 2.6 .9 .4 – – .2 – .6 – 1.6 1.1 .8

$120,000 or more 3.9 ............................. 2.8 1.1 .2 – – – .7 .5 – 1.3 1.5 1.0

Median 28 771 ...................................... 50 168 23 415 ... ... ... 24 072 14 281 28 302 6 362 23 418 41 764 31 011

Income Sources of Families and Primary

Individuals2

Wages and salaries 88.0 ........................... 31.0 57.0 1.2 1.0 2.9 8.2 7.1 19.5 9.0 40.6 25.5 21.9 Wages and salaries were majority of income 79.8 ... 27.5 52.2 1.2 1.0 2.9 7.3 4.7 18.4 6.3 35.6 24.7 19.5 2 or more people each earned over 20% of

wages and salaries 20.1 ...................... 11.0 9.2 .7 .3 1.1 .4 1.4 2.9 .2 7.8 7.3 5.0 Business, farm, or ranch 7.4 ....................... 2.8 4.6 – – .2 .4 .4 2.0 .6 3.3 3.1 1.1 Social security or pensions 28.7 ..................... 14.1 14.5 .2 .3 .7 .9 15.1 1.8 8.2 15.5 6.9 6.4 Interest 26.5 ...................................... 13.8 12.6 1.2 – .4 1.5 3.1 5.7 2.5 10.0 10.3 6.2 Stock dividend(s) 14.7 ............................. 8.3 6.3 .2 – .2 .9 1.1 2.9 .7 6.7 5.3 2.7 Rental income with lodger(s) 6.2 ................... 5.1 1.1 .2 – .2 .2 1.5 .2 1.1 4.2 1.3 .6 Welfare or SSI 21.0 ............................... 2.6 18.4 .2 – 1.4 2.9 2.3 3.6 9.7 12.3 4.8 3.9 Alimony or child support 6.7 ....................... 1.4 5.3 – .3 .2 .7 .2 2.0 1.3 2.7 1.3 2.7 Other 15.8 ....................................... 6.0 9.8 – .7 .6 1.6 1.8 1.4 3.5 7.7 4.3 3.7

Amount of Savings and Investments

Income of $25,000 or less 49.7 ............. 9.8 40.0 – .3 2.1 4.9 11.5 9.3 23.3 29.3 9.4 11.0 No savings or investments 30.8 ..................... 3.6 27.2 – – 2.1 2.7 7.4 5.4 17.2 19.2 5.3 6.3 $25,000 or less 8.3 ............................... 1.8 6.5 – – – 1.1 1.5 2.2 2.2 4.7 1.7 1.9 More than $25,000 1.3 ............................ 1.1 .2 – – – – 1.1 – .4 .2 .6 .4 Not reported 9.4 ................................. 3.4 6.0 – .3 – 1.1 1.5 1.7 3.5 5.3 1.8 2.4

Food Stamps

Income of $25,000 or less 49.7 ............. 9.8 40.0 – .3 2.1 4.9 11.5 9.3 23.3 29.3 9.4 11.0

Family members received food stamps 10.8 .......... .2 10.5 – – .9 1.4 .9 3.3 7.2 6.8 2.0 2.0

Did not receive food stamps 31.2 .................... 7.5 23.7 – – 1.2 2.4 10.0 4.4 13.1 18.6 5.9 6.7

Not reported 7.8 ................................. 2.1 5.7 – .3 – 1.1 .6 1.7 3.0 3.9 1.6 2.3

Rent Reductions

No subsidy 45.9 ................................... ... 45.9 – – 1.8 5.7 3.2 12.7 8.5 21.9 13.4 10.6

Rent control 3.5 ................................ ... 3.5 – – .2 .6 .4 .4 .9 1.3 2.2 –

No rent control 42.0 ............................. ... 42.0 – – 1.6 5.1 2.7 12.0 7.4 20.4 11.0 10.6

Reduced by owner 3.1 ........................ ... 3.1 – – .5 .2 – .7 1.5 2.5 .2 .5

Not reduced by owner 38.6 ..................... ... 38.6 – – 1.1 4.8 2.7 11.3 5.9 17.7 10.8 10.1

Owner reduction not reported .2 .............. ... .2 – – – – – – – .2 – –

Rent control not reported .4 .................... ... .4 – – – – – .2 .2 .2 .2 –

Owned by public housing authority 5.5 .............. ... 5.5 – – .3 .4 1.6 .3 2.6 3.0 .5 2.0 Government subsidy 10.9 .......................... ... 10.9 – – 1.1 .9 1.5 1.8 6.1 6.3 2.8 1.7 Other, income verification 5.1 ...................... ... 5.1 – – .4 .2 .2 2.6 .9 2.5 2.0 .6 Subsidy not reported 6.2 .......................... ... 6.2 – – – .9 .7 1.5 1.3 4.1 1.3 .8

1See back cover for details.

2Figures may not add to total because more than one category may apply to a unit.

138 AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 5~13. Selected Housing CostsmOccupied Units With Black Householder

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Tenure Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Selected subareas1

Physical problems

Total

occupied

units Owner Renter

New

con~

struction

4 years

Mobile

homes Severe Moderate

Elderly

(65 years

and over)

Moved in

past year

Below

poverty

level Area one Area two Area three

Total 111.1 ................................ 37.6 73.5 1.2 1.0 4.1 8.8 16.4 22.3 23.3 54.3 30.6 26.2

Monthly Housing Costs

Less than $100 .5 ............................... – .5 – – – – – – .5 – .2 .2

$100 to $199 7.0 ................................. 2.7 4.3 – .6 .3 .5 2.1 .7 2.8 3.5 1.6 1.9

$200 to $249 3.4 ................................. 2.0 1.4 – – – – 1.6 .3 1.8 1.8 .7 .9

$250 to $299 5.7 ................................. 2.8 2.9 – – .2 .4 2.2 .7 2.0 3.5 1.1 1.1

$300 to $349 3.5 ................................. 1.7 1.8 – – – .4 1.3 .2 .6 2.2 .6 .6

$350 to $399 3.8 ................................. .5 3.3 – – .7 .6 .2 .5 1.1 2.1 .9 .8

$400 to $449 2.2 ................................. .9 1.4 – – – .2 .9 .2 .9 1.4 .4 .4

$450 to $499 4.1 ................................. 1.3 2.8 – – .2 .4 .7 .9 .8 2.2 .4 1.5

$500 to $599 12.6 ................................. 3.3 9.3 – – .2 1.1 1.4 2.4 2.2 9.0 2.2 1.5

$600 to $699 14.5 ................................. 3.1 11.4 .2 .3 .4 2.2 1.3 4.4 3.1 6.5 3.2 4.8

$700 to $799 11.2 ................................. 2.6 8.5 – – .4 .9 1.6 2.4 1.7 5.2 3.5 2.4

$800 to $999 17.6 ................................. 2.4 15.2 .2 – .9 1.1 2.3 4.2 1.5 7.9 5.9 3.7

$1,000 to $1,249 7.2 ............................. 2.2 5.1 – – – .7 .7 1.8 1.1 2.4 2.6 2.1

$1,250 to $1,499 6.6 ............................. 4.0 2.6 .2 – .2 – – 1.5 .6 1.7 2.8 2.1

$1,500 or more 8.5 ............................... 8.1 .5 .7 – .2 – .2 1.8 .7 2.7 4.2 1.7

No cash rent 2.7 ................................. ... 2.7 – – .3 .2 .2 .4 1.8 2.0 .2 .5

Median (excludes no cash rent) 679 ............... 720 668 ... ... ... 624 442 728 510 606 812 681

Median Monthly Housing Costs for

Owners

Monthly costs including all mortgages plus

maintenance costs 784 .......................... 784 ... ... ... ... 475 464 1 394 545 670 1 348 780

Monthly costs excluding second and

subsequent mortgages and maintenance

costs 712 ...................................... 712 ... ... ... ... 475 442 1 345 545 614 1 304 704

Monthly Housing Costs as Percent of

Current Income2

Less than 5 percent 2.5 ........................... 2.3 .2 – .3 – – .4 – – .9 .7 1.0

5 to 9 percent 9.3 ................................ 5.5 3.8 .2 .3 – .7 1.1 1.5 – 5.0 2.6 1.7

10 to 14 percent 7.9 .............................. 3.7 4.3 – – – .9 1.7 .5 .4 4.0 2.7 1.3

15 to 19 percent 13.5 .............................. 5.6 7.9 .4 – .5 1.1 1.8 2.5 .4 6.2 3.4 3.8

20 to 24 percent 11.5 .............................. 3.3 8.1 – – .7 .7 1.4 3.1 .5 4.6 4.5 2.4

25 to 29 percent 12.4 .............................. 4.1 8.3 – .3 .4 1.1 1.3 3.8 1.4 4.2 4.0 4.1

30 to 34 percent 12.0 .............................. 2.9 9.1 .5 – 1.1 .8 1.7 2.9 1.7 5.3 4.2 2.6

35 to 39 percent 4.9 .............................. .7 4.2 .2 – .2 .7 .3 .6 .4 2.5 .9 1.5

40 to 49 percent 9.5 .............................. 3.2 6.2 – – .2 1.4 1.0 2.4 1.3 5.0 2.2 2.3

50 to 59 percent 6.2 .............................. 2.4 3.8 – – – .2 1.1 .7 1.6 3.4 2.2 .6

60 to 69 percent 4.0 .............................. .9 3.1 – – – .2 .9 .9 1.3 2.7 .5 .9

70 to 99 percent 3.1 .............................. .4 2.7 – – – – 1.1 .6 1.8 1.6 .8 .6

100 percent or more3.......................... 9.2 1.7 7.4 – – .6 .9 1.7 2.0 8.0 5.1 1.5 2.5

Zero or negative income 2.6 ....................... .9 1.7 – – – – .7 .4 2.6 2.0 .2 .4

No cash rent 2.7 ................................. – 2.7 – – .3 .2 .2 .4 1.8 2.0 .2 .5

Median (excludes 2 previous lines) 28 ........... 22 31 ... ... ... 30 30 29 77 30 27 28

Median (excludes 3 lines before medians) 26 ..... 21 29 ... ... ... 27 27 28 44 27 26 26

Rent Paid by Lodgers

Lodgers in housing units 3.0 ............... .2 2.8 – – – .6 – .7 .2 1.5 .9 .6

Less than $100 per month – ..................... – – – –– –––––– –

$100 to $199 – ................................. – – – –– –––––– –

$200 to $299 1.0 ................................. – 1.0 – – – .2 – – .2 .2 .6 .2

$300 to $399 .9 ................................. – .9 – – – .4 – .2 – .9 – –

$400 or more per month .9 ....................... .2 .6 – – – – – .2 – .4 .2 .2

Not reported .2 ................................. – .2 – – – – – .2 – – – .2

Median ... ...................................... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Monthly Cost Paid for Electricity

Electricity used 111.1 ....................... 37.6 73.5 1.2 1.0 4.1 8.8 16.4 22.3 23.3 54.3 30.6 26.2 Less than $25 28.4 ................................ 6.3 22.0 – .3 .4 1.3 4.0 5.7 5.8 17.2 7.7 3.5 $25 to $49 33.3 ................................... 10.7 22.5 .2 .3 1.0 3.3 3.2 7.5 6.2 11.6 10.0 11.7 $50 to $74 12.2 ................................... 4.8 7.4 .2 – .5 .9 1.7 1.8 3.5 3.8 5.2 3.2 $75 to $99 4.7 ................................... 1.6 3.1 – – – .7 .2 1.3 .7 2.9 .9 .9 $100 to $149 5.6 ................................. 3.5 2.2 .2 – .2 .9 .7 .9 .7 2.6 1.1 1.9 $150 to $199 2.0 ................................. 1.5 .5 – – – – .2 .5 .2 .7 .5 .8 $200 or more 2.8 ................................. 1.7 1.1 .2 – .2 – .9 – .7 2.2 – .6 Median 37 ...................................... 45 33 ... ... ... 42 36 36 37 32 37 42 Included in rent, other fee, or obtained free 22.1 ....... 7.5 14.7 .4 .3 1.7 1.8 5.6 4.6 5.5 13.3 5.2 3.6

Monthly Cost Paid for Piped Gas

Piped gas used 103.7 ....................... 36.6 67.1 1.2 .6 3.9 8.3 15.8 21.2 21.8 51.4 27.3 25.0 Less than $25 32.5 ................................ 8.5 23.9 .6 – 1.3 2.5 2.9 7.3 6.6 15.9 7.6 9.0 $25 to $49 29.7 ................................... 13.4 16.3 – – .9 2.4 5.2 5.0 5.3 12.9 8.6 8.1 $50 to $74 10.6 ................................... 5.2 5.5 – .3 – .8 2.2 1.6 1.5 4.7 4.0 2.0 $75 to $99 4.1 ................................... 1.3 2.9 – – – .7 .4 .7 .6 2.0 1.3 .8

$100 to $149 1.0 ................................. .9 .2 .2 – .2 – .2 – .2 .4 .2 .4

$150 to $199 .9 ................................. .4 .5 – – – – – .2 .2 – .2 .6

$200 or more 1.1 ................................. .4 .7 – – – – – .5 .4 .9 .2 –

Median 31 ...................................... 37 27 ... ... ... 33 37 27 29 30 35 30

Included in rent, other fee, or obtained free 23.9 ....... 6.6 17.3 .4 .3 1.5 1.9 4.9 6.0 6.8 14.6 5.2 4.1

Average Monthly Cost Paid for Fuel Oil

Fuel oil used 4.7 ......................... 1.1 3.6 – – .7 – .9 .9 1.6 1.8 2.5 .5 Less than $25 .9 ................................ .5 .4 – – .2 – .2 – .4 .5 .2 .2 $25 to $49 – ................................... – – – –– –––––– – $50 to $74 – ................................... – – – –– –––––– – $75 to $99 .2 ................................... – .2 – – – – – – – – – .2 $100 to $149 – ................................. – – – –– –––––– – $150 to $199 – ................................. – – – –– –––––– – $200 or more – ................................. – – – –– –––––– –

Median ... ...................................... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Included in rent, other fee, or obtained free 3.6 ....... .7 2.9 – – .4 – .7 .9 1.1 1.3 2.3 –

Property Insurance

Property insurance paid 47.9 ....................... 35.8 12.1 1.0 1.0 .7 2.0 10.6 5.4 6.8 23.1 12.3 12.4

Median per month 49 ........................... 53 34 ... ... ... ... 49 ... 54 60 47 40

AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998 139

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 5~13. Selected Housing CostsmOccupied Units With Black HouseholdermCon.

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Tenure Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Selected subareas1

Physical problems

Total

occupied

units Owner Renter

New

con~

struction

4 years

Mobile

homes Severe Moderate

Elderly

(65 years

and over)

Moved in

past year

Below

poverty

level Area one Area two Area three

Monthly Costs Paid for Selected Utilities

and Fuels

Water paid separately 53.5 ......................... 34.3 19.2 1.2 .3 .9 2.4 10.3 6.0 10.2 25.6 14.6 13.3 Median 35 .................................... 37 30 ... ... ... ... 36 32 34 39 29 30 Trash paid separately 38.3 ......................... 30.6 7.7 1.2 .3 .7 1.1 9.3 4.6 5.7 16.4 9.8 12.1 Median 22 .................................... 22 21 ... ... ... ... 24 ... 23 23 20 23 Bottled gas paid separately .3 .................... .3 – – .3 – – – – – – .3 – Median ... .................................... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Other fuel paid separately 8.8 ...................... 5.0 3.7 – – – .7 .5 1.3 .4 3.3 2.2 3.3 Median 10 .................................... ~ ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

OWNER OCCUPIED UNITS

Total 37.6 ................................ 37.6 ... 1.2 1.0 .5 .7 9.3 3.4 3.9 16.5 10.6 10.5

Cost and Ownership Sharing

Ownership shared by person not living here 1.1 ...... 1.1 ... – – – – – .2 .2 .7 – .4

Costs shared by person not living here .2 ........ .2 ... – – – – – – .2 .2 – –

Costs not shared .9 ........................... .9 ... – – – – – .2 – .4 – .4

Cost sharing not reported – .................... – ... – – – – – – – – – –

Ownership not shared 31.7 ......................... 31.7 ... .7 .3 .5 .5 8.6 2.0 3.1 13.8 10.0 8.0

Costs shared by person not living here .7 ........ .7 ... – – .2 – – – – .5 .2 –

Costs not shared 31.1 ........................... 31.1 ... .7 .3 .2 .5 8.6 2.0 3.1 13.3 9.8 8.0

Cost sharing not reported – .................... – ... – – – – – – – – – –

Ownership sharing not reported 4.8 ................ 4.8 ... .6 .6 – .2 .7 1.3 .6 2.1 .6 2.1

Monthly Payment for Principal and

Interest

One or more regular mortgages 25.4 ................ 25.4 ... 1.2 .6 .5 .5 4.2 2.8 1.9 10.8 6.9 7.7

Less than $100 1.8 ............................. 1.8 ... – .6 – – .2 – .4 1.0 – .8

$100 to $199 1.1 ............................... 1.1 ... – – – – .2 – – .9 – .2

$200 to $249 1.1 ............................... 1.1 ... .2 – – .2 – – .2 .7 – .4

$250 to $299 1.5 ............................... 1.5 ... – – – – .4 – – .9 – .6

$300 to $349 1.5 ............................... 1.5 ... – – – .2 .7 .2 .4 .9 .2 .4

$350 to $399 1.0 ............................... 1.0 ... .2 – – – – .2 – .4 .2 .4

$400 to $449 .4 ............................... .4 ... – – – – – – – – .2 .2

$450 to $499 .9 ............................... .9 ... .2 – – – .7 – .2 .7 .2 –

$500 to $599 1.5 ............................... 1.5 ... – – – – .7 – – .9 .2 .4

$600 to $699 1.3 ............................... 1.3 ... – – – – .7 – – .5 .4 .4

$700 to $799 .9 ............................... .9 ... – – – – .4 .2 – .7 – .2

$800 to $999 2.1 ............................... 2.1 ... – – – – – .6 – .4 .6 1.1

$1,000 to $1,249 5.0 ........................... 5.0 ... .4 – .5 – .2 .7 .2 1.5 1.8 1.7

$1,250 to $1,499 2.8 ........................... 2.8 ... – – – – – .2 .2 .9 1.3 .6

$1500 or more 2.4 ............................. 2.4 ... .2 – – – – .7 .2 .5 1.8 .2

Median 763 .................................... 763 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 497 1 195 686

Average Monthly Cost Paid for Real

Estate Taxes

Less than $25 2.9 ................................ 2.9 ... – .7 – .2 1.1 .4 – 1.2 .3 1.3 $25 to $49 3.0 ................................... 3.0 ... – .3 – – .9 .2 .9 1.8 .5 .7 $50 to $74 6.6 ................................... 6.6 ... – – – .2 4.0 – 1.3 4.0 .9 1.7 $75 to $99 3.4 ................................... 3.4 ... .2 – – – .7 – – 1.3 .9 1.2 $100 to $149 9.8 ................................. 9.8 ... .2 – .2 .2 1.8 1.3 1.3 3.8 3.1 3.0 $150 to $199 4.7 ................................. 4.7 ... – – .2 – .4 .4 .2 1.3 2.0 1.4 $200 or more 7.1 ................................. 7.1 ... .8 – – – .5 1.0 .2 3.1 3.0 1.0 Median 115 ...................................... 115 ... ... ... ... ... 67 ... ... 99 145 104

Annual Taxes Paid per $1,000 Value

Less than $5 5.6 ................................. 5.6 ... – .3 – – 2.0 .2 .4 2.7 1.0 1.9

$5 to $9 15.7 ..................................... 15.7 ... .2 .6 .5 .5 4.6 .7 1.8 7.0 4.2 4.5

$10 to $14 11.4 ................................... 11.4 ... .4 – – .2 2.0 2.2 1.1 4.8 3.5 3.0

$15 to $19 2.8 ................................... 2.8 ... – – – – .5 .2 .4 1.1 .9 .9

$20 to $24 .4 ................................... .4 ... – – – – – – – – .4 –

$25 or more 1.7 .................................. 1.7 ... .6 – – – .2 .2 .2 .9 .6 .2

Median 9 ...................................... 9 ... ... ... ... ... 8 ... ... 9 10 9

Routine Maintenance in Last Year

Less than $25 per month 11.7 ...................... 11.7 ... .9 .3 – .2 2.7 1.6 1.1 4.3 3.7 3.8

$25 to $49 6.7 ................................... 6.7 ... – – – .2 2.0 .2 .4 2.9 2.0 1.9

$50 to $74 2.0 ................................... 2.0 ... – – .2 – .2 – – .6 1.1 .2

$75 to $99 3.1 ................................... 3.1 ... – – – – .9 – .6 2.0 .9 .2

$100 to $149 2.2 ................................. 2.2 ... – – – – .7 .4 – 1.3 .2 .6

$150 to $199 1.1 ................................. 1.1 ... – – – – .4 – – .2 .4 .4

$200 or more per month 2.4 ....................... 2.4 ... – – – – – .2 .2 1.3 .7 .4

Not reported 8.5 ................................. 8.5 ... .4 .6 .2 .2 2.4 1.1 1.5 3.9 1.7 2.9

Median 36 ...................................... 36 ... ... ... ... ... 34 ... ... 43 35 25~

Condominium and Cooperative Fee

Fee paid by owners 2.4 ................... 2.4 ... .4 – .2 – – .6 .2 .2 1.7 .4

Less than $25 per month – ...................... – ... – – – – – – – – – –

$25 to $49 – ................................... – ... – – – – – – – – – –

$50 to $74 – ................................... – ... – – – – – – – – – –

$75 to $99 – ................................... – ... – – – – – – – – – –

$100 to $149 .9 ................................. .9 ... .2 – .2 – – – – .2 .4 .2

$150 to $199 .9 ................................. .9 ... – – – – – .4 – – .9 –

$200 or more per month .2 ....................... .2 ... – – – – – – – – .2 –

Not reported .4 ................................. .4 ... .2 – – – – .2 .2 – .2 .2

Median ... ...................................... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Other Housing Costs per Month

Homeowner association fee paid 3.4 ................ 3.4 ... – – – – .9 – .2 1.1 .7 1.7

Median ... .................................... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Mobile home park fee paid – ..................... – ... – – – – – – – – – –

Median ... .................................... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Land rent fee paid – ............................ – ... – – – – – – – – – – Median ... .................................... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

1See back cover for details.

2Beginning with 1989 this item uses current income in its calculation, see Appendix A.

3May reflect a temporary situation, living off savings or response error.

140 AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 5~14. Value, Purchase Price, and Source of Down PaymentmOwner Occupied Units With

Black Householder

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Tenure Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Selected subareas1

Physical problems

Total

occupied

units Owner Renter

New

con~

struction

4 years

Mobile

homes Severe Moderate

Elderly

(65 years

and over)

Moved in

past year

Below

poverty

level Area one Area two Area three

Total 37.6 ................................ 37.6 ... 1.2 1.0 .5 .7 9.3 3.4 3.9 16.5 10.6 10.5

Value

Less than $10,000 – ............................ – ... – – – – – – – – – –

$10,000 to $19,999 1.1 ........................... 1.1 ... – .7 – – – – – .6 .3 .2

$20,000 to $29,999 – ........................... – ... – – – – – – – – – –

$30,000 to $39,999 .2 ........................... .2 ... – – – – – .2 – – – .2

$40,000 to $49,999 – ........................... – ... – – – – – – – – – –

$50,000 to $59,999 1.6 ........................... 1.6 ... – .3 – .2 .7 .2 .5 .9 .2 .5

$60,000 to $69,999 .2 ........................... .2 ... – – – – .2 – .2 .2 – –

$70,000 to $79,999 1.1 ........................... 1.1 ... – – – – .7 – .9 .4 .2 .4

$80,000 to $99,999 1.9 ........................... 1.9 ... .2 – – – .2 .2 .2 .9 .2 .8

$100,000 to $119,999 3.6 ......................... 3.6 ... – – – .2 1.6 – .5 2.0 .5 1.1

$120,000 to $149,999 6.7 ......................... 6.7 ... .2 – .2 .2 2.4 .9 .6 3.1 1.5 2.1

$150,000 to $199,999 9.2 ......................... 9.2 ... .4 – – – 2.4 1.1 .4 4.0 2.9 2.3

$200,000 to $249,999 5.2 ......................... 5.2 ... – – .2 – .4 – .4 1.5 2.0 1.7

$250,000 to $299,999 3.0 ......................... 3.0 ... .2 – – – .4 .4 – .9 1.5 .6

$300,000 or more 3.7 ............................. 3.7 ... .2 – – – .2 .5 .2 2.0 1.3 .4

Median 162 499 ...................................... 162 499 ... ... ... ... ... 135 898 ... ... 151 796 191 237 146 770

Ratio of Value to Current Income

Less than 1.5 4.0 ................................ 4.0 ... .2 1.0 – – .7 .2 – 1.2 .8 2.0

1.5 to 1.9 4.5 .................................... 4.5 ... .4 – .2 .5 .4 .6 – 2.2 .8 1.5

2.0 to 2.4 4.3 .................................... 4.3 ... – – – – .2 .8 – .9 2.1 1.3

2.5 to 2.9 3.9 .................................... 3.9 ... – – – – .9 .2 – 1.1 1.3 1.5

3.0 to 3.9 5.5 .................................... 5.5 ... .7 – – – .5 .4 – 2.9 1.8 .9

4.0 to 4.9 3.3 .................................... 3.3 ... – – .2 – 1.3 .5 .2 1.6 .9 .8

5.0 or more 11.2 .................................. 11.2 ... – – – .2 4.6 .5 2.8 5.8 2.9 2.5

Zero or negative income .9 ....................... .9 ... – – – – .7 .2 .9 .9 – –

Median 3.3 ...................................... 3.3 ... ... ... ... ... 5.0+ ... ... 3.8 3.2 2.7

Other Activities on Property

Medical or commercial establishment – ............ – ... – – – – – – – – – – Neither 37.6 ...................................... 37.6 ... 1.2 1.0 .5 .7 9.3 3.4 3.9 16.5 10.6 10.5

Year Unit Acquired

2000 to 2004 – ................................. – ... – – – – – – – – – –

1995 to 1999 7.8 ................................. 7.8 ... 1.2 – .5 .5 .7 3.2 .6 2.2 3.5 2.2

1990 to 1994 5.3 ................................. 5.3 ... – .3 – – .4 – .2 1.9 1.7 1.7

1985 to 1989 4.4 ................................. 4.4 ... – – – – 1.1 – .2 2.5 .6 1.3 1980 to 1984 1.7 ................................. 1.7 ... – – – – .9 – – .7 .2 .9 1975 to 1979 5.7 ................................. 5.7 ... – .3 – – 1.1 – .9 2.6 2.1 1.0 1970 to 1974 4.7 ................................. 4.7 ... – .3 – .2 .7 .2 .8 2.6 .4 1.6 1960 to 1969 3.3 ................................. 3.3 ... – – – – 1.8 – .5 1.6 .7 1.1 1950 to 1959 2.2 ................................. 2.2 ... – – – – 1.3 – .4 .7 .9 .6 1940 to 1949 1.5 ................................. 1.5 ... – – – – 1.1 – – .9 .5 .2 1939 or earlier .9 ................................ .9 ... – – – – .2 – .2 .9 – – Not reported – ................................. – ... – – – – – – – – – – Median 1981 ...................................... 1981 ... ... ... ... ... 1972 ... ... 1978 1989 1984

First Time Owners

First home ever owned 18.2 ........................ 18.2 ... .7 .3 .5 .5 3.6 1.6 1.1 8.3 5.9 4.0

Not first home 14.9 ................................ 14.9 ... – – – – 5.0 .8 2.2 6.2 4.1 4.6

Not reported 4.5 ................................. 4.5 ... .6 .6 – .2 .7 1.1 .6 2.1 .6 1.8

Purchase Price

Home purchased or built 31.9 ....................... 31.9 ... .9 .3 .5 .2 7.9 2.2 3.0 13.1 10.0 8.9

Less than $10,000 1.7 .......................... 1.7 ... – .3 – – 1.1 – – .4 .8 .4

$10,000 to $19,999 2.6 ......................... 2.6 ... – – – – 1.8 – .7 .7 .9 1.0

$20,000 to $29,999 4.2 ......................... 4.2 ... – – – .2 .9 .2 .4 2.4 .9 .9

$30,000 to $39,999 2.1 ......................... 2.1 ... – – – – .4 – – .9 .4 .8

$40,000 to $49,999 1.3 ......................... 1.3 ... – – – – .6 – .4 .4 .6 .2

$50,000 to $59,999 1.1 ......................... 1.1 ... – – – – .2 – – .2 .4 .4

$60,000 to $69,999 1.5 ......................... 1.5 ... – – – – .9 – .2 .9 – .6

$70,000 to $79,999 .9 ......................... .9 ... – – – – .5 – – .7 – .2

$80,000 to $99,999 1.5 ......................... 1.5 ... – – – – .2 – – 1.1 – .4

$100,000 to $119,999 1.7 ....................... 1.7 ... – – – – – .2 – .4 .4 .8

$120,000 to $149,999 2.8 ....................... 2.8 ... – – .2 – .2 .6 .2 1.1 1.3 .4

$150,000 to $199,999 4.1 ....................... 4.1 ... .4 – .2 – – .4 .2 .9 2.2 1.0 $200,000 to $249,999 1.3 ....................... 1.3 ... – – – – – .2 – .4 .4 .4 $250,000 to $299,999 .4 ....................... .4 ... – – – – – – – – .2 .2 $300,000 or more .4 ........................... .4 ... – – – – – .2 – – .4 – Not reported 4.2 ............................... 4.2 ... .4 – – – 1.1 .2 .9 2.4 .9 .9 Median 65 920 .................................... 65 920 ... ... ... ... ... 25 960 ... ... 62 519 120 989 63 352 Received as inheritance or gift 1.3 .................. 1.3 ... – – – .2 .7 .2 .2 1.3 – – Not reported 4.3 ................................. 4.3 ... .4 .6 – .2 .7 1.1 .6 2.1 .6 1.6

Major Source of Down Payment

Home purchased or built 31.9 ............... 31.9 ... .9 .3 .5 .2 7.9 2.2 3.0 13.1 10.0 8.9

Sale of previous home 4.7 ......................... 4.7 ... – – – – 1.1 .2 .4 1.5 1.3 1.9

Savings or cash on hand 21.9 ....................... 21.9 ... .4 .3 .5 – 6.2 1.5 2.4 8.2 7.8 5.9

Sale of other investment .4 ....................... .4 ... – – – – .2 – – – .2 .2

Borrowing, other than mortgage on this property .7 .. .7 ... – – – – – .2 – .2 .2 .2

Inheritance or gift .7 ............................. .7 ... – – – – – .2 .2 .4 – .2 Land where building built used for financing – ...... – ... – – – – – – – – – – Other 1.1 ....................................... 1.1 ... .2 – – – – – – 1.1 – – No down payment 1.3 ............................ 1.3 ... – – – .2 .4 – – .9 .4 – Not reported 1.1 ................................. 1.1 ... .2 – – – – – – .7 – .4

1See back cover for details.

AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998 141

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 5~15. Mortgage CharacteristicsmOwner Occupied Units With Black Householder

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Tenure Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Selected subareas1

Physical problems

Total

occupied

units Owner Renter

New

con~

struction

4 years

Mobile

homes Severe Moderate

Elderly

(65 years

and over)

Moved in

past year

Below

poverty

level Area one Area two Area three

Total 37.6 ................................ 37.6 ... 1.2 1.0 .5 .7 9.3 3.4 3.9 16.5 10.6 10.5

Mortgages Currently on Property

None, owned free and clear 9.4 .................... 9.4 ... – .3 – .2 4.7 .4 1.5 4.2 3.2 1.9

Reverse mortgage – ............................ – ... – – – – – – – – – –

Regular and home equity mortgages2 ........... 5.0 5.0 ... – – – .2 .4 .2 .2 2.4 1.3 1.2

Regular mortgage only 14.6 ........................ 14.6 ... .4 – .5 – 2.4 1.5 1.1 4.9 4.6 5.0

Home equity mortgage only 1.1 .................... 1.1 ... – – – – – – – .4 .4 .2

With regular mortgage, home equity not reported 5.8 . 5.8 ... .8 .6 – .2 1.3 1.0 .6 3.4 1.0 1.4

No regular mortgage, home equity not reported 1.7 ... 1.7 ... – – – – .4 .2 .4 1.1 – .7

Number of Regular and Home Equity

Mortgages2

1 mortgage 14.6 .................................. 14.6 ... .4 – .5 – 2.4 1.5 1.1 5.2 4.6 4.8

2 mortgages 5.6 ................................. 5.6 ... – – – .2 .4 .2 .2 2.4 1.7 1.4

3 mortgages or more .4 .......................... .4 ... – – – – .2 – – .2 – .2

Number not reported 7.8 .......................... 7.8 ... .8 .6 – .2 1.7 1.3 1.1 4.7 1.0 2.1

Type of Home Equity Mortgage

Units with 1 or more home equity

mortgages 6.0 .......................... 6.0 ... – – – .2 .4 .2 .2 2.9 1.7 1.4

Lump sum only 2.4 ............................... 2.4 ... – – – – .2 .2 – .9 1.1 .4

Credit line only 3.2 ............................... 3.2 ... – – – .2 .2 – .2 1.8 .4 1.0

With outstanding balance 2.2 .................... 2.2 ... – – – – – – .2 1.1 .4 .6

Both – ........................................ – ... – – – – – – – – – –

Type not reported .4 ............................. .4 ... – – – – – – – .2 .2 –

OWNERS WITH ONE OR MORE

REGULAR MORTGAGES

Total 25.4 ................................ 25.4 ... 1.2 .6 .5 .5 4.2 2.8 1.9 10.8 6.9 7.7

Type of Primary Mortgage

FHA 2.9 ......................................... 2.9 ... – – .2 – .5 .7 .4 1.4 .7 .8

VA 1.3 .......................................... 1.3 ... – – – .2 .2 – .2 .9 – .4

Farmers Home Administration .2 .................. .2 ... – – – – .2 – – .2 – –

Other types 14.9 .................................. 14.9 ... .4 – .2 – 1.9 1.3 .7 4.9 5.2 4.8

Don’t know .2 ................................... .2 ... – – – – .2 – – .2 – –

Not reported 5.9 ................................. 5.9 ... .8 .6 – .2 1.1 .8 .6 3.2 1.0 1.6

Lower Cost State and Local Mortgages

State or local program used 2.8 .................... 2.8 ... – – – .2 .5 .4 .6 1.8 – 1.0 Not used 16.7 ..................................... 16.7 ... .4 – .5 – 2.6 1.5 .7 5.6 5.9 5.2

Not reported 5.9 ................................. 5.9 ... .8 .6 – .2 1.1 .8 .6 3.4 1.0 1.4

Mortgage Origination

Placed new mortgage(s) 25.0 ....................... 25.0 ... 1.2 .6 .5 .5 3.9 2.8 1.9 10.3 6.9 7.7

Primary obtained when property acquired 19.1 ...... 19.1 ... 1.2 .6 .5 .5 1.5 2.8 1.5 6.3 6.7 6.0

Obtained later 5.9 .............................. 5.9 ... – – – – 2.4 – .5 4.0 .2 1.7

Assumed .4 .................................... .4 ... – – – – .2 – – .4 – –

Wrap~around – ................................. – ... – – – – – – – – – –

Combination of the above – ...................... – ... – – – – – – – – – –

Payment Plan of Primary Mortgage

Fixed payment, self amortizing 12.7 ................. 12.7 ... .2 – .2 – 2.0 1.5 1.1 4.5 3.7 4.5

Adjustable rate mortgage 4.0 ...................... 4.0 ... .2 – .2 – .2 .4 – 1.6 1.8 .6

Adjustable term mortgage .4 ...................... .4 ... – – – – .2 – – – .2 .2

Graduated payment mortgage .7 .................. .7 ... – – – – .2 – .2 .4 – .2

Balloon .4 ...................................... .4 ... – – – – – – – – .2 .2

Other .2 ....................................... .2 ... – – – – – – – – – .2

Combination of the above .4 ...................... .4 ... – – – – .2 – – .4 – –

Not reported 6.5 ................................. 6.5 ... .8 .6 – .5 1.3 .8 .6 3.9 1.0 1.6

Payment Plan of Secondary Mortgage

Units with two or more mortgages 1.1 ....... 1.1 ... – – – – – – – .2 .4 .4

Fixed payment, self amortizing .6 ................. .6 ... – – – – – – – – .2 .4

Adjustable rate mortgage – ...................... – ... – – – – – – – – – –

Adjustable term mortgage – ...................... – ... – – – – – – – – – –

Graduated payment mortgage – .................. – ... – – – – – – – – – –

Balloon – ...................................... – ... – – – – – – – – – –

Other – ....................................... – ... – – – – – – – – – –

Combination of the above .2 ...................... .2 ... – – – – – – – – .2 – Not reported .2 ................................. .2 ... – – – – – – – .2 – –

Lenders of Primary and Secondary

Mortgages

Only borrowed from firm(s) 18.9 ..................... 18.9 ... .4 – .5 .2 2.8 2.0 1.3 7.1 5.9 5.9 Only borrowed from seller .2 ...................... .2 ... – – – – – – – – – .2 Only borrowed from other individual(s) – ........... – ... – – – – – – – – – – Borrowed from a firm and seller – ................. – ... – – – – – – – – – – Borrowed from a firm and other individual – ........ – ... – – – – – – – – – – Borrowed from seller and other individual – ........ – ... – – – – – – – – – – One or both sources not reported 6.3 ............... 6.3 ... .8 .6 – .2 1.3 .8 .6 3.6 1.0 1.6

Items Included in Primary Mortgage

Payment3

Principal and interest only 7.3 ...................... 7.3 ... – – – – 2.2 .4 .2 2.2 2.8 2.3

Property taxes 11.8 ................................ 11.8 ... .4 – .5 .2 .9 1.5 .9 4.9 3.1 3.8

Property insurance 9.6 ............................ 9.6 ... .2 – .2 .2 .9 1.5 1.1 4.0 2.0 3.6

Other .6 ....................................... .6 ... – – – – – – – .4 – .2

Not reported 5.9 ................................. 5.9 ... .8 .6 – .2 1.1 .8 .6 3.2 1.0 1.6

142 AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 5~15. Mortgage CharacteristicsmOwner Occupied Units With Black HouseholdermCon.

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Tenure Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Selected subareas1

Physical problems

Total

occupied

units Owner Renter

New

con~

struction

4 years

Mobile

homes Severe Moderate

Elderly

(65 years

and over)

Moved in

past year

Below

poverty

level Area one Area two Area three

OWNERS WITH ONE OR MORE

REGULAR MORTGAGESmCon.

Year Primary Mortgage Originated

2000 to 2004 – ................................. – ... – – – – – – – – – –

1995 to 1999 8.3 ................................. 8.3 ... 1.2 – .5 .2 1.3 2.6 .4 2.2 3.5 2.6

1990 to 1994 5.6 ................................. 5.6 ... – .3 – – .9 – – 2.4 1.5 1.7

1985 to 1989 3.2 ................................. 3.2 ... – – – – .6 – .2 1.3 .6 1.3

1980 to 1984 .4 ................................. .4 ... – – – – – – – .2 – .2

1975 to 1979 3.0 ................................. 3.0 ... – – – – .4 – .2 1.5 1.1 .4

1970 to 1974 2.7 ................................. 2.7 ... – .3 – .2 – .2 .6 1.3 – 1.4

1960 to 1969 1.5 ................................. 1.5 ... – – – – .6 – .2 1.1 .2 .2

1950 to 1959 .7 ................................. .7 ... – – – – .2 – .2 .7 – –

1949 or earlier – ................................ – ... – – – – – – – – – –

Median 1991 ...................................... 1991 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 1987 1995 1991

Term of Primary Mortgage at Origination

or Assumption

Less than 8 years .4 ............................. .4 ... – – – – – – – – .2 .2

8 to 12 years .2 ................................. .2 ... – – – – .2 – – .2 – –

13 to 17 years 1.6 ................................ 1.6 ... – .3 – – .2 – .2 .8 – .8

18 to 22 years .9 ................................ .9 ... – – – – .2 – – .2 – .6

23 to 27 years .8 ................................ .8 ... – – – – .2 – .4 .2 – .6

28 to 32 years 18.3 ................................ 18.3 ... 1.2 – .5 .5 2.3 2.8 .9 7.6 6.3 4.4

33 years or more 2.7 ............................. 2.7 ... – .3 – – .9 – .4 1.8 .2 .7

Variable .4 ..................................... .4 ... – – – – .2 – – – .2 .2

Median 30 ...................................... 30 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 31 30 30

Remaining Years Mortgaged

Less than 8 years 6.6 ............................. 6.6 ... – .3 – .2 1.3 .2 1.3 4.1 .9 1.7

8 to 12 3.6 ...................................... 3.6 ... – .3 – – .2 – .2 1.5 .4 1.6

13 to 17 1.1 ..................................... 1.1 ... – – – – .4 – – .4 .2 .4

18 to 22 2.6 ..................................... 2.6 ... – – – – .5 – – 1.4 .4 .8

23 to 27 5.7 ..................................... 5.7 ... – – .2 – 1.1 – .2 2.0 2.4 1.2

28 to 32 5.4 ..................................... 5.4 ... 1.2 – .2 .2 .5 2.6 .2 1.3 2.4 1.7

33 years or more – ............................. – ... – – – – – – – – – –

Variable .4 ..................................... .4 ... – – – – .2 – – – .2 .2

Median 20 ...................................... 20 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 12 26 18

Current Interest Rate

Less than 6 percent 1.8 ........................... 1.8 ... .2 .3 – – .2 .2 – .9 .2 .7 6 to 7.9 16.0 ...................................... 16.0 ... .7 .3 .2 – 2.6 1.5 1.5 6.5 5.7 3.8 8 to 9.9 5.9 ...................................... 5.9 ... .4 – .2 .5 1.1 .9 .2 2.5 .9 2.5 10 to 11.9 1.3 .................................... 1.3 ... – – – – .2 .2 .2 .7 .2 .4 12 to 13.9 .4 .................................... .4 ... – – – – – – – .2 – .2 14 to 15.9 – .................................... – ... – – – – – – – – – – 16 to 17.9 – .................................... – ... – – – – – – – – – – 18 to 19.9 – .................................... – ... – – – – – – – – – – 20 percent or more – ............................ – ... – – – – – – – – – – Not reported ... ................................. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Median 7.4 ...................................... 7.4 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 7.4 7.2 7.6

Total Outstanding Principal Amount

Less than $10,000 5.9 ............................ 5.9 ... – .6 – .2 1.3 – .9 3.2 .9 1.8 $10,000 to $19,999 2.8 ........................... 2.8 ... – – – – .9 .2 .4 2.0 – .8 $20,000 to $29,999 1.7 ........................... 1.7 ... .2 – – – .9 – .2 .9 .2 .6 $30,000 to $39,999 .6 ........................... .6 ... – – – – – – – .2 – .4 $40,000 to $49,999 2.0 ........................... 2.0 ... – – – .2 .5 .2 – .9 – 1.1 $50,000 to $59,999 .4 ........................... .4 ... – – – – .2 – – .2 .2 – $60,000 to $69,999 .6 ........................... .6 ... .2 – – – – .2 – .2 .2 .2 $70,000 to $79,999 .2 ........................... .2 ... – – – – – – – – – .2 $80,000 to $99,999 1.5 ........................... 1.5 ... – – – – .4 .2 – .9 .2 .4 $100,000 to $119,999 2.2 ......................... 2.2 ... – – .2 – – – – .7 .9 .6 $120,000 to $149,999 3.5 ......................... 3.5 ... .2 – – – – 1.1 .2 .9 2.0 .6 $150,000 to $199,999 2.6 ......................... 2.6 ... .4 – .2 – – .4 – .5 1.3 .8 $200,000 to $249,999 .5 ......................... .5 ... .2 – – – – – – .2 .2 –

$250,000 to $299,999 .5 ......................... .5 ... – – – – – .5 – – .5 –

$300,000 or more .4 ............................. .4 ... – – – – – – .2 – .4 –

Not reported ... ................................. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Median 48 196 ...................................... 48 196 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 21 922 133 921 41 407

Current Total Loan as Percent of Value

Less than 20 percent 9.7 .......................... 9.7 ... – .6 – .2 2.6 – 1.3 6.1 1.1 2.6

20 to 39 3.7 ..................................... 3.7 ... .2 – – – .9 .2 .2 2.0 .2 1.5

40 to 59 2.0 ..................................... 2.0 ... – – – – .2 – – .7 .9 .4

60 to 79 4.9 ..................................... 4.9 ... .6 – .5 – .2 1.0 – .9 2.8 1.2

80 to 89 2.6 ..................................... 2.6 ... .2 – – – – .6 .4 .7 .9 1.0

90 to 99 1.8 ..................................... 1.8 ... .2 – – .2 .2 .9 – .2 .9 .7

100 percent or more .7 .......................... .7 ... – – – – – – – .2 .2 .2 Not reported ... ................................. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Median 36.0 ...................................... 36.0 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 20~ 69.4 36.8

1See back cover for details.

2Regular includes all mortgages except reverse and home equity.

3Figures may not add to total because more than one category may apply to a unit.

AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998 143

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 5~17. Rooms in Unit by Household and Unit Size, Income, and CostsmOccupied Units

With Black Householder

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Occupied units

Rooms Bedrooms

Total

1 and 2

rooms

3 and 4

rooms

5 and 6

rooms

7 rooms

or more Median No rooms 1 room 2 rooms 3 rooms

4 rooms

or more Median

Total 111.1 ................................ 3.7 52.0 41.3 14.2 4.5 1.7 25.8 42.4 30.9 10.3 2.2

Persons

1 person 39.8 ..................................... 3.7 23.5 10.7 1.9 3.9 1.7 18.7 12.2 6.5 .7 1.5 2 persons 31.5 .................................... – 16.6 12.1 2.9 4.4 – 5.6 16.0 8.3 1.5 2.1 3 persons 18.6 .................................... – 7.7 8.0 2.8 4.9 – 1.1 9.7 5.7 2.2 2.4 4 persons 13.0 .................................... – 4.0 4.9 4.1 5.5 – .4 4.2 4.9 3.4 2.9 5 persons 3.9 .................................... – – 2.8 1.1 ... – – – 2.6 1.3 ... 6 persons 3.3 .................................... – .2 1.8 1.3 ... – – .2 2.0 1.1 ... 7 persons or more 1.1 ............................ – – 1.1 – ... – – – .9 .2 ... Median 2.0 ...................................... ... 1.7 2.3 3.3 ... ... 1.5~ 2.1 2.6 3.7 ...

Rooms

1 room 1.5 ...................................... ... ... ... ... ... 1.5 – – – – ...

2 rooms 2.1 ..................................... ... ... ... ... ... – 1.3 .9 – – ...

3 rooms 22.3 ..................................... ... ... ... ... ... .2 21.3 .5 .3 – 1.0

4 rooms 29.7 ..................................... ... ... ... ... ... – 2.6 26.4 .2 .5 2.0

5 rooms 25.7 ..................................... ... ... ... ... ... – .7 10.5 14.4 – 2.6

6 rooms 15.7 ..................................... ... ... ... ... ... – – 3.0 10.8 1.9 2.9

7 rooms 7.4 ..................................... ... ... ... ... ... – – .7 3.7 3.0 3.3

8 rooms 5.0 ..................................... ... ... ... ... ... – – .4 .7 3.9 ...

9 rooms .9 ..................................... ... ... ... ... ... – – – .4 .4 ...

10 rooms or more .9 ............................. ... ... ... ... ... – – – .3 .6 ...

Median 4.5 ...................................... ... ... ... ... ... ... 3.0 4.3 5.5 7.4 ...

Bedrooms

None 1.7 ........................................ 1.5 .2 – – ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

1 25.8 ........................................... 1.3 23.9 .7 – 3.5 ... ... ... ... ... ...

2 42.4 ........................................... .9 26.8 13.5 1.1 4.0 ... ... ... ... ... ...

3 30.9 ........................................... – .6 25.2 5.1 5.7 ... ... ... ... ... ...

4 or more 10.3 .................................... – .5 1.9 8.0 6.5+ ... ... ... ... ... ...

Median 2.2 ...................................... ... 1.6 2.8 3.5+ ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Complete Bathrooms

None 3.1 ........................................ 2.1 .8 .2 – ... 1.0 .2 .9 .5 .5 ... 1 69.6 ........................................... 1.6 44.6 21.6 1.8 4.0 .7 25.4 31.0 12.0 .4 1.8 1 and one~half 13.9 ................................ – 2.9 9.2 1.8 5.4 – .2 4.9 7.7 1.1 2.7 2 or more 24.6 .................................... – 3.7 10.3 10.6 6.2 – – 5.6 10.5 8.4 3.1

Lot Size1

Less than one~eighth acre 17.3 ..................... .6 4.5 10.5 1.8 5.2 – 1.5 7.3 6.6 1.9 2.5 One~eighth up to one~quarter acre 22.6 .............. – 4.2 11.7 6.7 5.7 – 1.7 5.2 10.7 4.9 2.9 One~quarter up to one~half acre 10.3 ................. .2 2.9 4.3 2.9 5.4 – 1.8 3.3 3.3 1.9 2.5 One~half up to one acre 4.0 ........................ .4 1.0 1.1 1.5 ... .2 .8 1.1 .9 1.1 ... 1 up to 5 acres 2.4 ............................... – 1.5 .7 .2 ... – .6 .9 .7 .2 ... 5 up to 10 acres .2 .............................. – – .2 – ... – – – .2 – ... 10 acres or more .4 ............................. – .2 .2 – ... – – .2 .2 – ... Median .19 ...................................... ... .21 .17 .21 ... ... .25 .17 .18 .21 ...

Income of Families and Primary

Individuals

Less than $5,000 9.5 ............................. 1.0 4.4 3.5 .6 4.2 .5 2.5 4.5 1.6 .4 1.9

$5,000 to $9,999 12.3 ............................. .4 7.4 3.5 .9 4.0 – 4.4 4.3 3.1 .4 1.9

$10,000 to $14,999 10.4 ........................... – 5.6 4.7 – 4.3 .2 2.3 4.6 2.6 .6 2.1

$15,000 to $19,999 8.6 ........................... .7 5.3 2.1 .4 3.9 .5 2.4 4.1 1.1 .4 1.8

$20,000 to $24,999 7.4 ........................... .4 4.1 2.0 .9 4.1 .2 1.5 3.1 1.9 .6 2.1

$25,000 to $29,999 9.8 ........................... .8 5.7 2.4 .9 3.9 .3 4.3 2.9 2.2 .2 1.6

$30,000 to $34,999 7.2 ........................... – 4.1 2.2 .9 4.3 – 3.0 1.3 2.2 .6 2.0

$35,000 to $39,999 3.9 ........................... – 3.1 .8 – ... – 1.2 2.0 .6 – ...

$40,000 to $49,999 9.5 ........................... – 3.7 4.5 1.3 5.0 – 1.1 4.9 2.6 .8 2.2

$50,000 to $59,999 7.3 ........................... – 2.9 3.7 .7 4.9 – 1.2 3.9 2.0 .2 2.1

$60,000 to $79,999 14.3 ........................... – 4.0 7.7 2.6 5.3 – 1.6 3.6 6.7 2.4 2.8

$80,000 to $99,999 3.4 ........................... – .8 2.0 .6 ... – .4 1.1 1.3 .6 ...

$100,000 to $119,999 3.5 ......................... – .2 .9 2.4 ... – – .4 1.8 1.3 ...

$120,000 or more 3.9 ............................. .2 .7 1.1 1.9 ... – – 1.3 1.1 1.5 ...

Median 28 771 ...................................... ... 24 147 35 278 63 586 ... ... 24 646 25 752 40 285 65 233 ...

Monthly Housing Costs

Less than $100 .5 ............................... – – .5 – ... – – – .5 – ...

$100 to $199 7.0 ................................. .3 3.9 2.8 – 4.1 – 2.3 2.5 2.1 – 2.0

$200 to $249 3.4 ................................. – 1.3 1.8 .3 ... – .4 1.1 1.4 .4 ...

$250 to $299 5.7 ................................. .4 1.3 3.0 .9 5.2 .2 1.1 1.8 2.4 .2 2.3

$300 to $349 3.5 ................................. – 1.8 1.5 .2 ... – .7 1.5 .9 .4 ...

$350 to $399 3.8 ................................. .5 1.8 1.3 .2 ... .3 .9 1.8 .7 .2 ...

$400 to $449 2.2 ................................. – 1.4 .2 .7 ... – .7 .7 .6 .2 ...

$450 to $499 4.1 ................................. – 2.1 1.3 .6 ... .2 1.5 .6 1.5 .2 ...

$500 to $599 12.6 ................................. 1.0 8.4 2.0 1.3 3.8 .7 6.2 2.9 1.8 1.0 1.4

$600 to $699 14.5 ................................. .6 10.1 2.8 1.1 3.8 – 5.7 6.5 1.7 .6 1.7

$700 to $799 11.2 ................................. .2 6.5 3.5 .9 4.1 – 2.4 6.6 1.8 .4 2.0

$800 to $999 17.6 ................................. – 9.3 7.6 .7 4.4 – 3.0 9.3 4.6 .7 2.1 $1,000 to $1,249 7.2 ............................. .2 1.5 4.6 .9 5.3 – – 3.3 3.3 .6 2.6 $1,250 to $1,499 6.6 ............................. – .9 3.8 1.9 5.8 – .2 1.7 3.0 1.7 3.0 $1,500 or more 8.5 ............................... .2 .7 3.7 3.9 6.3 – – 1.8 3.7 3.1 3.2 No cash rent 2.7 ................................. .3 .9 .8 .7 ... .3 .7 .4 .9 .4 ... Median (excludes no cash rent) 679 ............... ... 634 787 987 ... ... 580 725 778 1 178 ...

144 AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 5~17. Rooms in Unit by Household and Unit Size, Income, and CostsmOccupied Units

With Black HouseholdermCon.

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Occupied units

Rooms Bedrooms

Total

1 and 2

rooms

3 and 4

rooms

5 and 6

rooms

7 rooms

or more Median No rooms 1 room 2 rooms 3 rooms

4 rooms

or more Median

Median Monthly Housing Costs for

Owners

Monthly costs including all mortgages plus

maintenance costs 784 .......................... ... 551 779 1 150 ... ... 617 739 772 1 322 ... Monthly costs excluding second and

subsequent mortgages and maintenance

costs 712 ...................................... ... 533 700 1 040 ... ... 617 669 699 1 265 ...

OWNER OCCUPIED UNITS

Total 37.6 ................................ .8 4.1 21.7 11.0 5.8 – .6 11.4 18.3 7.3 2.9

Value

Less than $10,000 – ............................ – – – – ... – – – – – ...

$10,000 to $19,999 1.1 ........................... .3 .3 .2 .2 ... – .3 – .6 .2 ...

$20,000 to $29,999 – ........................... – – – – ... – – – – – ...

$30,000 to $39,999 .2 ........................... – – .2 – ... – – .2 – – ...

$40,000 to $49,999 – ........................... – – – – ... – – – – – ...

$50,000 to $59,999 1.6 ........................... – .5 1.2 – ... – .2 1.0 .4 – ...

$60,000 to $69,999 .2 ........................... – .2 – – ... – – – – .2 ...

$70,000 to $79,999 1.1 ........................... – .4 .7 – ... – – .9 .2 – ...

$80,000 to $99,999 1.9 ........................... – .4 1.5 – ... – – 1.0 .8 – ...

$100,000 to $119,999 3.6 ......................... – .4 2.7 .4 ... – – .9 2.7 – ...

$120,000 to $149,999 6.7 ......................... – .6 5.0 1.1 5.6 – – 3.0 3.3 .4 2.6

$150,000 to $199,999 9.2 ......................... – .7 5.5 3.0 5.9 – – 2.5 4.6 2.1 3.0

$200,000 to $249,999 5.2 ......................... – .2 2.6 2.4 ... – – .9 2.6 1.7 ...

$250,000 to $299,999 3.0 ......................... .2 – 1.5 1.3 ... – – .7 1.9 .4 ...

$300,000 or more 3.7 ............................. .2 .2 .7 2.6 ... – – .4 1.1 2.2 ...

Median 162 499 ...................................... ... ... 146 379 215 607 ... ... ... 137 249 161 963 219 089 ...

1Does not include multiunits, cooperatives or condominiums.

AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998 145

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 5~18. Square Footage by Household and Unit Size, Income, and CostsmOccupied Units

With Black Householder

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Size of occupied detached 1~family homes and 1~family mobile homes

Total

Less than 500

square feet

500 to 999

square feet

1000 to 1499

square feet

1500 to 1999

square feet

2000 to 2499

square feet

2500

square

feet or

more

Not

reported Median

Total 49.2 ................................ 3.0 2.6 9.6 8.2 3.1 4.3 18.5 1 509

Persons

1 person 14.2 ..................................... 1.7 1.1 3.2 1.3 .4 1.1 5.4 1 253

2 persons 13.1 .................................... .7 .9 2.7 1.5 .5 1.3 5.6 1 410

3 persons 8.7 .................................... .4 .2 1.3 2.2 .4 .8 3.3 1 670

4 persons 6.9 .................................... – .4 1.1 2.6 .4 .4 1.9 1 687

5 persons 3.0 .................................... .2 – .6 .4 .2 .2 1.3 ...

6 persons 2.4 .................................... – – .4 – 1.1 .4 .4 ...

7 persons or more .9 ............................ – – .2 .2 – – .4 ...

Median 2.3 ...................................... ... ... 2.1 3.1 ... ... 2.2 ...

Rooms

1 room .2 ...................................... – – – – – – .2 ... 2 rooms 1.0 ..................................... .3 – – – – – .6 ... 3 rooms 3.0 ..................................... 1.3 .9 – – – – .8 ... 4 rooms 5.1 ..................................... – .7 1.5 .2 – – 2.7 ... 5 rooms 14.3 ..................................... .2 .9 5.0 .9 .4 .8 6.0 1 303 6 rooms 13.0 ..................................... .9 .2 2.6 2.6 .7 1.5 4.6 1 606 7 rooms 6.5 ..................................... .2 – .5 3.2 .4 .4 1.7 1 764 8 rooms 4.5 ..................................... – – – .6 1.3 1.1 1.5 ... 9 rooms .9 ..................................... – – – .2 .2 .2 .2 ... 10 rooms or more .6 ............................. – – – .4 – .2 – ... Median 5.6 ...................................... ... ... 5.2 6.6 ... ... 5.3 ...

Bedrooms

None .2 ........................................ – – – – – – .2 ...

1 3.7 ........................................... 1.7 .9 .4 – – – .7 ...

2 13.7 ........................................... .7 1.3 3.2 1.8 .2 .6 5.8 1 299

3 22.0 ........................................... .7 .4 5.7 3.9 1.7 1.9 7.6 1 549

4 or more 9.7 .................................... – – .2 2.5 1.1 1.7 4.1 2 018

Median 2.8 ...................................... ... ... 2.7 3.1 ... ... 2.8 ...

Complete Bathrooms

None 1.9 ........................................ – – – – – – 1.9 ...

1 23.5 ........................................... 3.0 2.6 5.5 2.6 – 1.0 8.7 1 159

1 and one~half 7.8 ................................ – – 1.9 1.5 .9 .6 2.8 1 685

2 or more 16.0 .................................... – – 2.2 4.1 2.2 2.6 5.0 1 909

Lot Size1

Less than one~eighth acre 15.1 ..................... .6 1.1 5.0 1.1 .7 1.1 5.6 1 307

One~eighth up to one~quarter acre 19.5 .............. .9 .7 3.0 4.9 1.8 1.9 6.2 1 703

One~quarter up to one~half acre 9.2 ................. 1.1 .6 .4 1.3 .2 .6 4.8 1 458

One~half up to one acre 2.8 ........................ – – .2 .7 .4 .4 1.1 ...

1 up to 5 acres 1.1 ............................... .2 – .2 – – – .6 ...

5 up to 10 acres .2 .............................. – – – – – .2 – ...

10 acres or more .2 ............................. .2 – – – – – – ...

Median .18 ...................................... ... ... .13~ .20 ... ... .20 ...

Income of Families and Primary

Individuals

Less than $5,000 4.2 ............................. – .2 .4 .5 – .2 2.8 ...

$5,000 to $9,999 4.6 ............................. .9 – 1.5 – – .2 1.9 ...

$10,000 to $14,999 3.3 ........................... – .4 .4 – .4 .2 1.8 ...

$15,000 to $19,999 2.4 ........................... – .4 .4 .2 – .2 1.1 ...

$20,000 to $24,999 2.3 ........................... – – .7 .7 – – 1.0 ...

$25,000 to $29,999 3.4 ........................... .8 .2 .7 .4 – – 1.3 ...

$30,000 to $34,999 2.9 ........................... – – .7 .2 – – 2.0 ...

$35,000 to $39,999 .8 ........................... .2 – .4 – – .2 – ...

$40,000 to $49,999 4.6 ........................... .2 – .6 1.1 .2 .4 2.1 ...

$50,000 to $59,999 4.0 ........................... .2 .4 1.1 .9 .5 .2 .7 ...

$60,000 to $79,999 8.9 ........................... .7 .7 1.3 1.9 .6 1.3 2.4 1 663

$80,000 to $99,999 2.1 ........................... – – .8 .2 – .2 .9 ...

$100,000 to $119,999 2.6 ......................... – – – 1.3 .4 .7 .2 ...

$120,000 or more 3.0 ............................. – .2 .4 .8 .9 .4 .2 ...

Median 41 461 ...................................... ... ... 34 507 61 760 ... ... 27 328 ...

Monthly Housing Costs

Less than $100 – ............................... – – – – – – – ...

$100 to $199 2.9 ................................. – .5 .9 – – – 1.5 ...

$200 to $249 2.0 ................................. – – .5 – .4 .2 .9 ...

$250 to $299 3.5 ................................. – – 1.1 1.1 – – 1.3 ...

$300 to $349 1.3 ................................. .4 – – .7 – – .2 ...

$350 to $399 1.1 ................................. – .4 .2 .2 – – .2 ...

$400 to $449 1.3 ................................. .2 – .2 .2 .2 – .5 ...

$450 to $499 1.3 ................................. – – .2 .2 .2 .2 .4 ...

$500 to $599 4.8 ................................. .9 – .9 .4 – .4 2.2 ...

$600 to $699 4.2 ................................. .6 .4 .6 .4 .2 .8 1.1 ...

$700 to $799 5.1 ................................. – .5 1.8 .4 – .6 1.7 ...

$800 to $999 4.6 ................................. .2 .7 .4 – .2 .4 2.6 ... $1,000 to $1,249 3.9 ............................. .2 – 1.0 .9 – – 1.8 ... $1,250 to $1,499 4.7 ............................. – .2 .9 1.3 .2 .4 1.7 ... $1,500 or more 6.8 ............................... – – .9 2.2 1.5 1.1 1.1 1 949 No cash rent 1.8 ................................. .4 – – .2 – – 1.1 ... Median (excludes no cash rent) 726 ............... ... ... 710 1 089 ... ... 718 ...

146 AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 5~18. Square Footage by Household and Unit Size, Income, and CostsmOccupied Units

With Black HouseholdermCon.

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Size of occupied detached 1~family homes and 1~family mobile homes

Total

Less than 500

square feet

500 to 999

square feet

1000 to 1499

square feet

1500 to 1999

square feet

2000 to 2499

square feet

2500

square

feet or

more

Not

reported Median

Median Monthly Housing Costs for

Owners

Monthly costs including all mortgages plus

maintenance costs 752 .......................... ... ... 734 976 ... ... 578 ...

Monthly costs excluding second and

subsequent mortgages and maintenance

costs 684 ...................................... ... ... 584 794 ... ... 578 ...

OWNER OCCUPIED UNITS

Total 32.6 ................................ 1.2 .9 5.9 6.9 3.1 4.3 10.4 1 724

Value

Less than $10,000 – ............................ – – – – – – – ...

$10,000 to $19,999 1.1 ........................... .3 – .2 – – – .6 ...

$20,000 to $29,999 – ........................... – – – – – – – ...

$30,000 to $39,999 .2 ........................... – – – – – – .2 ...

$40,000 to $49,999 – ........................... – – – – – – – ...

$50,000 to $59,999 1.6 ........................... .2 – .2 .2 – – 1.0 ...

$60,000 to $69,999 .2 ........................... – – – – – – .2 ...

$70,000 to $79,999 .7 ........................... – – .2 – – .2 .2 ...

$80,000 to $99,999 1.7 ........................... .2 .2 .7 .2 – .2 .2 ...

$100,000 to $119,999 2.9 ......................... .2 .2 .5 – .2 .5 1.3 ...

$120,000 to $149,999 5.2 ......................... – .2 .9 1.5 – .2 2.4 ...

$150,000 to $199,999 8.3 ......................... .2 .2 1.8 2.1 1.1 1.1 1.8 1 753

$200,000 to $249,999 4.7 ......................... – – .9 1.5 .4 1.1 .9 ...

$250,000 to $299,999 2.6 ......................... – – .6 .9 .2 – .9 ...

$300,000 or more 3.3 ............................. – – – .4 1.1 1.1 .7 ...

Median 165 554 ...................................... ... ... 158 413 185 278 ... ... 137 917 ...

1Does not include multiunits, cooperatives or condominiums.

AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998 147

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 5~19. Detailed Tenure by Financial CharacteristicsmOccupied Units With Black

Householder

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Owner occupied Renter occupied

With mortgage With no mortgage All renters Unsubsidized renters1

Not specified Not specified

Total Specified

Condo

or

Coop Other Total Specified

Condo

or

Coop Other Specified Other Specified Other

Total 26.5 ................................ 22.6 2.1 1.7 11.1 9.7 .2 1.2 73.5 – 52.0 –

Income of Families and Primary

Individuals

Less than $5,000 .7 ............................. .7 – – .9 .4 .2 .2 8.0 – 4.6 –

$5,000 to $9,999 1.1 ............................. .9 – .2 1.1 .9 – .2 10.1 – 4.4 –

$10,000 to $14,999 .4 ........................... .4 – – 1.6 1.6 – – 8.3 – 5.5 –

$15,000 to $19,999 1.1 ........................... 1.1 – – .7 .2 – .5 6.9 – 5.3 –

$20,000 to $24,999 1.9 ........................... 1.3 – .6 .4 .4 – – 5.1 – 3.7 –

$25,000 to $29,999 .6 ........................... .6 – – .8 .4 – .3 8.4 – 5.8 –

$30,000 to $34,999 1.1 ........................... .9 .2 – .4 .4 – – 5.6 – 4.8 –

$35,000 to $39,999 .6 ........................... .4 .2 – .4 .4 – – 2.8 – 2.8 –

$40,000 to $49,999 4.2 ........................... 3.0 .6 .5 .7 .7 – – 4.7 – 3.6 –

$50,000 to $59,999 2.4 ........................... 2.2 .2 – .7 .7 – – 4.2 – 3.3 –

$60,000 to $79,999 6.7 ........................... 5.9 .6 .2 1.3 1.3 – – 6.3 – 5.4 –

$80,000 to $99,999 1.3 ........................... .9 .2 .2 1.1 1.1 – – 1.0 – 1.0 –

$100,000 to $119,999 2.2 ......................... 2.2 – – .4 .4 – – .9 – .7 –

$120,000 or more 2.1 ............................. 2.1 – – .6 .6 – – 1.1 – 1.1 –

Median 56 150 ...................................... 58 859 ... ... 31 378 39 426 ... ... 23 415 ... 27 186 ...

Monthly Housing Costs

Less than $100 – ............................... – – – – – – – .5 – – –

$100 to $199 1.1 ................................. .5 – .6 1.6 1.6 – – 4.3 – .4 –

$200 to $249 – ................................. – – – 2.0 1.8 .2 – 1.4 – .4 –

$250 to $299 1.1 ................................. 1.1 – – 1.8 1.8 – – 2.9 – .9 –

$300 to $349 .2 ................................. – .2 – 1.5 1.1 – .4 1.8 – .5 –

$350 to $399 – ................................. – – – .5 .2 – .2 3.3 – 1.8 –

$400 to $449 .2 ................................. .2 – – .6 .6 – – 1.4 – .7 –

$450 to $499 1.1 ................................. 1.1 – – .2 .2 – – 2.8 – 2.1 – $500 to $599 1.8 ................................. 1.8 – – 1.5 1.5 – – 9.3 – 7.3 – $600 to $699 2.3 ................................. 2.1 .2 – .8 .2 – .6 11.4 – 9.5 – $700 to $799 2.2 ................................. 2.2 – – .4 .4 – – 8.5 – 6.8 – $800 to $999 2.4 ................................. 2.0 .2 .2 – – – – 15.2 – 12.5 – $1,000 to $1,249 2.2 ............................. 2.0 .2 – – – – – 5.1 – 4.4 – $1,250 to $1,499 4.0 ............................. 3.2 .6 .2 – – – – 2.6 – 2.6 – $1,500 or more 7.9 ............................... 6.5 .7 .7 .2 .2 – – .5 – – – No cash rent ... ................................. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 2.7 – 2.2 – Median (excludes no cash rent) 1 099 ............... 1 049 ... ... 307 292 ... ... 668 ... 720 ...

Median Monthly Housing Costs for

Owners

Monthly costs including all mortgages plus

maintenance costs 1 123 .......................... 1 085 ... ... 364 357 ... ... ... ... ... ...

Monthly costs excluding second and

subsequent mortgages and maintenance

costs 1 075 ...................................... 1 022 ... ... 307 292 ... ... ... ... ... ...

Monthly Housing Costs as Percent of

Current Income2

Less than 5 percent .9 ........................... .6 – .3 1.3 1.3 – – .2 – – –

5 to 9 percent 2.1 ................................ 1.5 .2 .3 3.5 3.5 – – 3.8 – 2.7 –

10 to 14 percent 3.1 .............................. 3.1 – – .6 .4 – .2 4.3 – 3.5 –

15 to 19 percent 4.2 .............................. 3.6 .4 .2 1.3 1.3 – – 7.9 – 6.8 –

20 to 24 percent 2.0 .............................. 1.7 .2 – 1.4 1.1 – .2 8.1 – 5.9 –

25 to 29 percent 2.6 .............................. 1.9 .4 .2 1.5 .9 – .6 8.3 – 5.9 –

30 to 34 percent 2.9 .............................. 2.5 .4 – – – – – 9.1 – 4.8 –

35 to 39 percent .7 .............................. .4 .2 – – – – – 4.2 – 2.2 –

40 to 49 percent 3.2 .............................. 2.8 – .5 – – – – 6.2 – 4.7 –

50 to 59 percent 2.2 .............................. 2.0 .2 – .2 .2 – – 3.8 – 2.6 –

60 to 69 percent .4 .............................. .4 – – .4 .4 – – 3.1 – 2.6 –

70 to 99 percent .4 .............................. .4 – – – – – – 2.7 – 2.2 –

100 percent or more3.......................... 1.1 .9 – .2 .6 .2 .2 .2 7.4 – 4.8 –

Zero or negative income .7 ....................... .7 – – .2 .2 – – 1.7 – 1.1 –

No cash rent – ................................. – – – – – – – 2.7 – 2.2 –

Median (excludes 2 previous lines) 26 ........... 26 ... ... 15 10 ... ... 31 ... 30 ...

Median (excludes 3 lines before medians) 25 ..... 25 ... ... 13 10 ... ... 29 ... 28 ...

148 AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 5~19. Detailed Tenure by Financial CharacteristicsmOccupied Units With Black

HouseholdermCon.

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Owner occupied Renter occupied

With mortgage With no mortgage All renters Unsubsidized renters1

Not specified Not specified

Total Specified

Condo

or

Coop Other Total Specified

Condo

or

Coop Other Specified Other Specified Other

OWNER OCCUPIED UNITS

Total 26.5 ................................ 22.6 2.1 1.7 11.1 9.7 .2 1.2 ... ... ... ...

Value

Less than $10,000 – ............................ – – – – – – – ... ... ... ...

$10,000 to $19,999 .8 ........................... .5 – .3 .3 – – .3 ... ... ... ...

$20,000 to $29,999 – ........................... – – – – – – – ... ... ... ...

$30,000 to $39,999 .2 ........................... .2 – – – – – – ... ... ... ...

$40,000 to $49,999 – ........................... – – – – – – – ... ... ... ...

$50,000 to $59,999 1.4 ........................... 1.1 – .3 .2 .2 – – ... ... ... ...

$60,000 to $69,999 – ........................... – – – .2 .2 – – ... ... ... ...

$70,000 to $79,999 .2 ........................... – .2 – .9 .7 .2 – ... ... ... ...

$80,000 to $99,999 1.2 ........................... 1.1 .2 – .7 .4 – .2 ... ... ... ...

$100,000 to $119,999 2.4 ......................... 2.0 .2 .2 1.2 .9 – .2 ... ... ... ...

$120,000 to $149,999 4.3 ......................... 3.2 1.1 – 2.4 2.2 – .2 ... ... ... ...

$150,000 to $199,999 7.2 ......................... 6.5 .2 .4 2.0 1.8 – .2 ... ... ... ...

$200,000 to $249,999 3.6 ......................... 3.4 – .2 1.5 1.5 – – ... ... ... ...

$250,000 to $299,999 2.2 ......................... 1.9 .2 – .9 .9 – – ... ... ... ...

$300,000 or more 2.9 ............................. 2.6 – .2 .9 .9 – – ... ... ... ...

Median 168 128 ...................................... 174 739 ... ... 146 123 154 950 ... ... ... ... ... ...

Ratio of Value to Current Income

Less than 1.5 3.0 ................................ 2.4 – .6 1.0 .6 – .3 ... ... ... ...

1.5 to 1.9 3.9 .................................... 3.0 .6 .2 .7 .7 – – ... ... ... ...

2.0 to 2.4 3.2 .................................... 2.3 .8 – 1.1 1.1 – – ... ... ... ...

2.5 to 2.9 3.0 .................................... 2.6 .2 .2 .9 .9 – – ... ... ... ...

3.0 to 3.9 4.2 .................................... 4.0 .2 – 1.3 1.3 – – ... ... ... ...

4.0 to 4.9 2.2 .................................... 1.5 .2 .5 1.1 .9 – .2 ... ... ... ...

5.0 or more 6.3 .................................. 6.1 – .2 4.9 4.0 .2 .7 ... ... ... ...

Zero or negative income .7 ....................... .7 – – .2 .2 – – ... ... ... ...

Median 3.0 ...................................... 3.2 ... ... 4.5 4.2 ... ... ... ... ... ...

Average Monthly Cost Paid for Real

Estate Taxes

Less than $25 2.1 ................................ 1.5 .2 .3 .8 .5 – .3 ... ... ... ...

$25 to $49 1.9 ................................... 1.5 – .3 1.1 1.1 – – ... ... ... ...

$50 to $74 3.5 ................................... 3.2 – .2 3.1 3.1 – – ... ... ... ...

$75 to $99 2.4 ................................... 2.1 .2 – 1.1 1.1 – – ... ... ... ...

$100 to $149 7.2 ................................. 6.1 1.1 – 2.6 1.5 .2 .9 ... ... ... ...

$150 to $199 3.4 ................................. 2.6 .2 .7 1.3 1.3 – – ... ... ... ...

$200 or more 6.1 ................................. 5.5 .4 .2 1.1 1.1 – – ... ... ... ...

Median 124 ...................................... 123 ... ... 87 78 ... ... ... ... ... ...

OWNERS WITH ONE OR MORE

REGULAR MORTGAGES

Total 25.4 ................................ 21.7 1.9 1.7 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Monthly Payment for Principal and

Interest

One or more regular mortgages 25.4 ................ 21.7 1.9 1.7 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Less than $100 1.8 ............................. 1.1 – .6 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

$100 to $199 1.1 ............................... 1.1 – – ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

$200 to $249 1.1 ............................... 1.1 – – ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

$250 to $299 1.5 ............................... 1.5 – – ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

$300 to $349 1.5 ............................... 1.3 .2 – ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

$350 to $399 1.0 ............................... .9 .2 – ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

$400 to $449 .4 ............................... .4 – – ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

$450 to $499 .9 ............................... .4 .2 .2 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

$500 to $599 1.5 ............................... 1.5 – – ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

$600 to $699 1.3 ............................... 1.1 .2 – ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

$700 to $799 .9 ............................... .9 – – ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

$800 to $999 2.1 ............................... 1.5 .4 .2 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

$1,000 to $1,249 5.0 ........................... 4.1 .5 .4 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

$1,250 to $1,499 2.8 ........................... 2.6 .2 – ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

$1500 or more 2.4 ............................. 2.2 – .2 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Median 763 .................................... 745 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Type of Primary Mortgage

FHA 2.9 ......................................... 2.4 .5 – ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... VA 1.3 .......................................... 1.3 – – ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Farmers Home Administration .2 .................. .2 – – ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Other types 14.9 .................................. 12.7 1.3 .9 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Don’t know .2 ................................... .2 – – ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Not reported 5.9 ................................. 4.8 .2 .9 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Mortgage Origination

Placed new mortgage(s) 25.0 ....................... 21.3 1.9 1.7 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Primary obtained when property acquired 19.1 ...... 15.8 1.9 1.3 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Obtained later 5.9 .............................. 5.5 – .4 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Assumed .4 .................................... .4 – – ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Wrap~around – ................................. – – – ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Combination of the above – ...................... – – – ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998 149

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 5~19. Detailed Tenure by Financial CharacteristicsmOccupied Units With Black

HouseholdermCon.

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Owner occupied Renter occupied

With mortgage With no mortgage All renters Unsubsidized renters1

Not specified Not specified

Total Specified

Condo

or

Coop Other Total Specified

Condo

or

Coop Other Specified Other Specified Other

OWNERS WITH ONE OR MORE

REGULAR MORTGAGESmCon.

Payment Plan of Primary Mortgage

Fixed payment, self amortizing 12.7 ................. 11.6 .7 .5 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Adjustable rate mortgage 4.0 ...................... 2.9 .9 .2 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Adjustable term mortgage .4 ...................... .4 – – ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Graduated payment mortgage .7 .................. .7 – – ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Balloon .4 ...................................... .2 .2 – ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Other .2 ....................................... – – .2 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Combination of the above .4 ...................... .4 – – ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Not reported 6.5 ................................. 5.5 .2 .9 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Payment Plan of Secondary Mortgage

Units with two or more mortgages 1.1 ....... .9 .2 – ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Fixed payment, self amortizing .6 ................. .4 .2 – ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Adjustable rate mortgage – ...................... – – – ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Adjustable term mortgage – ...................... – – – ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Graduated payment mortgage – .................. – – – ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Balloon – ...................................... – – – ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Other – ....................................... – – – ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Combination of the above .2 ...................... .2 – – ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Not reported .2 ................................. .2 – – ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Lenders of Primary and Secondary

Mortgages

Only borrowed from firm(s) 18.9 ..................... 16.2 1.8 .9 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Only borrowed from seller .2 ...................... .2 – – ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Only borrowed from other individual(s) – ........... – – – ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Borrowed from a firm and seller – ................. – – – ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Borrowed from a firm and other individual – ........ – – – ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Borrowed from seller and other individual – ........ – – – ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

One or both sources not reported 6.3 ............... 5.3 .2 .9 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

1Excludes units in public housing projects, and housing units with government rent subsidies.

2Beginning with 1989 this item uses current income in its calculation, see Appendix A.

3May reflect a temporary situation, living off savings or response error.

150 AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 5~20. Income of Families and Primary Individuals by Selected CharacteristicsmOccupied

Units With Black Householder

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Total

Zero to

neg~

ative

$1 to

$4,999

$5,000

to

$9,999

$10,000

to

$14,999

$15,000

to

$19,999

$20,000

to

$29,999

$30,000

to

$39,999

$40,000

to

$59,999

$60,000

to

$79,999

$80,000

to

$99,999

$100,000

to

$119,999

$120,000

or

more Median

Total 111.1 ................................ 3.7 5.8 12.3 10.4 8.6 17.2 11.1 16.8 14.3 3.4 3.5 3.9 28 600

Units in Structure

1, detached 48.2 .................................. 2.4 1.8 4.6 3.3 2.4 5.1 3.8 8.3 8.9 2.1 2.6 3.0 42 075

1, attached 11.5 ................................... .2 .7 .6 .7 1.1 1.5 2.0 2.0 1.7 .4 .2 .4 35 009

2 to 4 18.7 ....................................... .2 .9 3.1 2.2 1.3 3.9 2.4 2.6 1.6 .2 – .2 24 170

5 to 9 11.0 ....................................... – .4 1.4 2.2 2.2 1.7 1.0 1.2 .9 – – – 18 349

10 to 19 6.6 ..................................... .2 .7 .7 .4 .2 .9 .7 1.6 .4 – .5 .2 31 538

20 to 49 7.5 ..................................... .2 .7 .9 1.2 .9 2.4 .6 – .4 – .2 – 19 776

50 or more 6.6 ................................... .4 .7 .9 .5 .5 1.0 .7 .9 .4 .6 – – 22 572

Mobile home or trailer 1.0 ......................... – – – – – .7 – .3 – – – – ...

Year Structure Built1

2000 to 2004 – ................................. – – – – – – – – – – – – ... 1995 to 1999 1.2 ................................. – – – – – – – .2 .4 – .4 .2 ... 1990 to 1994 2.5 ................................. – .5 – .4 – .2 .2 .2 .7 – – .2 ... 1985 to 1989 6.6 ................................. – – .5 .5 .4 .4 .9 1.1 1.5 .4 .4 .4 51 505 1980 to 1984 4.6 ................................. – .4 .4 – .4 .4 .7 1.8 .4 – – – ... 1975 to 1979 7.2 ................................. .4 – .6 .5 – 1.5 .4 2.0 .5 .9 .2 .2 41 472 1970 to 1974 9.2 ................................. .6 .5 .9 .4 .5 1.4 .8 1.9 1.3 – .4 .4 33 244 1960 to 1969 18.3 ................................. – .8 1.7 1.5 2.2 4.1 2.0 2.3 2.4 – .7 .6 26 935 1950 to 1959 20.7 ................................. .7 .7 3.0 3.0 2.0 3.5 2.2 2.2 1.9 .4 .2 .9 22 943 1940 to 1949 14.8 ................................. .4 1.6 1.5 1.5 .8 2.4 2.2 2.2 1.5 .4 .2 – 26 501 1930 to 1939 12.0 ................................. .7 .4 1.3 .9 1.2 1.1 1.7 1.8 1.7 .2 .7 .2 32 121 1920 to 1929 8.5 ................................. – .5 1.6 .7 .9 1.6 – .7 1.3 .6 .2 .4 23 678 1919 or earlier 5.6 ................................ .9 .5 .7 .9 .2 .5 – .7 .7 .4 – .2 13 953 Median 1957 ...................................... ... 1950 1953 1954 1956 1959 1957 1964 1960 ... ... ... ...

Rooms

1 room 1.5 ...................................... – .5 – – .5 .5 – – – – – – ...

2 rooms 2.1 ..................................... – .5 .4 – .2 .8 – – – – – .2 ...

3 rooms 22.3 ..................................... .4 1.3 3.9 2.5 2.2 4.9 3.4 2.3 1.1 .2 – – 21 540

4 rooms 29.7 ..................................... 1.0 1.6 3.5 3.1 3.1 4.9 3.8 4.3 2.9 .7 .2 .7 25 354

5 rooms 25.7 ..................................... 1.3 1.3 3.3 3.4 1.5 3.3 1.3 5.2 3.2 1.1 .5 .2 25 983

6 rooms 15.7 ..................................... .4 .5 .2 1.3 .7 1.1 1.8 3.0 4.5 .9 .4 .8 52 302

7 rooms 7.4 ..................................... .2 – .7 – .2 .9 .4 .9 1.5 .4 1.1 1.1 65 283

8 rooms 5.0 ..................................... – .2 – – .2 .6 .2 .9 1.1 – 1.3 .4 ...

9 rooms .9 ..................................... – – – – – .2 .2 – – .2 – .2 ...

10 rooms or more .9 ............................. .2 – .3 – – – – .2 – – – .2 ...

Median 4.5 ...................................... ... 3.9 4.0 4.4 3.9 4.0 4.1 4.8 5.5 ... ... ... ...

Bedrooms

None 1.7 ........................................ – .5 – .2 .5 .5 – – – – – – ...

1 25.8 ........................................... .4 2.1 4.4 2.3 2.4 5.8 4.3 2.3 1.6 .4 – – 22 383

2 42.4 ........................................... 2.3 2.2 4.3 4.6 4.1 6.0 3.4 8.8 3.6 1.1 .4 1.3 25 949 3 30.9 ........................................... .7 .9 3.1 2.6 1.1 4.1 2.9 4.6 6.7 1.3 1.8 1.1 40 325 4 or more 10.3 .................................... .2 .2 .4 .6 .4 .9 .6 1.1 2.4 .6 1.3 1.5 65 233 Median 2.2 ...................................... ... 1.7 1.9 2.1 1.8 1.9 1.9 2.2 2.8 ... ... ... ...

Complete Bathrooms

None 3.1 ........................................ – .5 .4 .2 – 1.3 – .2 .2 – – .2 ...

1 69.6 ........................................... 3.0 3.8 10.5 7.7 6.4 12.9 7.6 9.7 6.1 .8 .2 .9 22 653

1 and one~half 13.9 ................................ .4 .9 .7 1.4 .9 1.3 1.1 3.1 1.5 .9 1.4 .4 41 956

2 or more 24.6 .................................... .2 .7 .7 1.1 1.3 1.8 2.4 3.9 6.4 1.7 1.9 2.4 60 637

Main Heating Equipment

Warm~air furnace 73.4 ............................. 2.4 4.0 7.8 5.8 5.1 10.6 7.2 10.3 10.6 2.8 2.9 3.7 31 160

Steam or hot water system 3.9 ..................... .2 .5 .7 – .3 1.2 .7 – .2 – – .2 ...

Electric heat pump 1.3 ............................ .2 – .2 – .2 – – .5 .2 – – – ...

Built~in electric units 8.9 ........................... .4 .4 .9 1.7 .6 1.8 1.1 1.1 .4 – .4 – 22 160

Floor, wall, or other built~in hot air units without

ducts 20.8 ....................................... .2 .9 2.5 2.8 2.2 3.7 2.0 3.7 2.2 .4 .2 – 25 088

Room heaters with flue 1.3 ........................ .2 – .2 – .2 – – .7 – – – – ...

Room heaters without flue .2 ..................... – – – – – – – .2 – – – – ...

Portable electric heaters .4 ....................... – – – – – – .2 – – .2 – – ...

Stoves .2 ...................................... – – – – – – – .2 – – – – ...

Fireplaces with inserts – ......................... – – – – – – – – – – – – ...

Fireplaces without inserts – ...................... – – – – – – – – – – – – ...

Other .4 ....................................... – – – – – – – – .4 – – – ...

Cooking stove – ................................ – – – – – – – – – – – – ...

None .2 ........................................ – – – – – – – – .2 – – – ...

Primary Source of Water

Public system or private company 110.9 ............... 3.7 5.8 12.3 10.4 8.6 17.2 11.1 16.6 14.3 3.4 3.5 3.9 28 542 Well serving 1 to 5 units – ....................... –––––– – – – – – – ...

Drilled – ..................................... – – – – – – – – – – – – ...

Dug – ....................................... – – – – – – – – – – – – ...

Not reported – ............................... – – – – – – – – – – – – ...

Other .2 ....................................... – – – – – – – .2 – – – – ...

Means of Sewage Disposal

Public sewer 110.9 ................................. 3.7 5.8 12.3 10.4 8.6 17.2 10.9 16.8 14.3 3.4 3.5 3.9 28 532

Septic tank, cesspool, chemical toilet .2 ............ – – – – – – .2 – – – – – ...

Other – ....................................... – – – – – – – – – – – – ...

Main House Heating Fuel

Housing units with heating fuel 110.9 ......... 3.7 5.8 12.3 10.4 8.6 17.2 11.1 16.8 14.1 3.4 3.5 3.9 28 534

Electricity 31.2 .................................... 1.1 2.0 3.4 2.9 2.9 5.4 3.2 3.5 4.2 .9 1.6 .2 26 157

Piped gas 78.0 .................................... 2.4 3.6 8.7 7.5 5.6 11.5 7.7 13.1 9.7 2.5 2.0 3.7 29 745

Bottled gas .3 ................................... – – – – – .3 – – – – – – ...

Fuel oil – ...................................... – – – – – – – – – – – – ...

Kerosene or other liquid fuel – .................... – – – – – – – – – – – – ...

Coal or coke – ................................. – – – – – – – – – – – – ...

Wood .2 ....................................... – – – – – – – .2 – – – – ...

Solar energy .2 ................................. .2 – – – – – – – – – – – ...

Other .9 ....................................... – .2 .2 – – – .2 – .2 – – – ...

AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998 151

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 5~20. Income of Families and Primary Individuals by Selected CharacteristicsmOccupied

Units With Black HouseholdermCon.

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Total

Zero to

neg~

ative

$1 to

$4,999

$5,000

to

$9,999

$10,000

to

$14,999

$15,000

to

$19,999

$20,000

to

$29,999

$30,000

to

$39,999

$40,000

to

$59,999

$60,000

to

$79,999

$80,000

to

$99,999

$100,000

to

$119,999

$120,000

or

more Median

Cooking Fuel

With cooking fuel 108.3 ..................... 3.7 5.6 12.1 10.4 8.1 16.5 10.5 16.4 14.3 3.4 3.5 3.9 28 713 Electricity 54.2 .................................... 1.5 3.5 4.3 3.6 4.4 9.1 5.4 7.9 7.6 2.1 2.8 1.9 31 247 Piped gas 53.8 .................................... 2.2 2.1 7.8 6.8 3.7 7.0 5.1 8.5 6.7 1.3 .7 2.0 26 281 Bottled gas .3 ................................... – – – – – .3 – – – – – – ... Kerosene or other liquid fuel – .................... – – – – – – – – – – – – ... Coal or coke – ................................. – – – – – – – – – – – – ... Wood – ....................................... – – – – – – – – – – – – ... Other – ....................................... – – – – – – – – – – – – ...

Persons

1 person 39.8 ..................................... 1.8 2.7 6.1 3.6 3.3 8.0 4.6 5.3 2.6 .6 .2 .9 22 918

2 persons 31.5 .................................... 1.3 1.3 3.1 3.3 3.3 3.9 2.6 5.4 5.7 .7 .4 .7 29 123

3 persons 18.6 .................................... .4 1.1 1.1 1.9 .9 1.9 2.0 4.1 2.2 1.1 .9 .8 39 606

4 persons 13.0 .................................... – .2 1.3 .2 .4 2.0 1.3 1.1 3.0 .4 1.5 1.3 55 911

5 persons 3.9 .................................... .2 .2 .4 .6 .4 .2 .2 .4 .4 .4 .2 – ...

6 persons 3.3 .................................... – – .2 .7 .2 .5 .2 .4 .4 .2 .2 .2 ...

7 persons or more 1.1 ............................ – .2 – – – .7 .2 – – – – – ...

Median 2.0 ...................................... ... 1.6 1.5 2.0 1.8 1.7 1.9 2.1 2.3 ... ... ... ...

Household Composition by Age of

Householder

2~or~more person households 71.4 .................. 1.9 3.1 6.2 6.7 5.3 9.2 6.5 11.5 11.8 2.8 3.3 3.0 35 001 Married~couple families, no nonrelatives 25.4 ....... .7 .4 .4 1.3 1.2 1.8 1.6 5.9 5.6 2.2 2.2 2.2 58 089 Under 25 years 1.6 ........................... – .2 .2 – – .2 – .5 .2 – – .2 ... 25 to 29 years 1.4 ............................ – – – – – – .2 .5 .3 .2 – .2 ... 30 to 34 years 4.3 ............................ – – – .2 .2 .2 .2 .9 1.3 .7 .4 .2 ... 35 to 44 years 7.2 ............................ .4 – – – .2 .4 .5 1.8 1.7 .6 1.1 .4 62 850 45 to 64 years 7.9 ............................ – .2 – .4 .5 .5 .4 1.8 1.9 .6 .7 .9 61 576 65 years and over 2.9 ........................ .2 – .2 .7 .2 .5 .3 .4 .2 – – .2 ... Other male householder 12.8 ..................... .7 .5 1.1 1.2 .6 2.2 1.5 1.7 2.6 – .4 .2 30 613 Under 45 years 7.3 ........................... .7 .2 .4 .9 .4 1.6 1.1 .6 1.1 – .2 – 26 068 45 to 64 years 3.7 ............................ – .2 .5 – – .5 .2 .8 1.3 – .2 – ... 65 years and over 1.8 ........................ – – .2 .3 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 – – .2 ... Other female householder 33.2 ................... .6 2.2 4.6 4.2 3.5 5.2 3.5 3.9 3.5 .6 .7 .6 22 765 Under 45 years 18.5 ........................... .2 1.4 2.7 1.9 2.6 4.7 2.1 1.7 1.1 – – .2 21 256 45 to 64 years 11.8 ............................ .4 .6 1.7 1.5 .7 .5 1.1 1.8 2.2 .2 .7 .4 34 238 65 years and over 2.8 ........................ – .2 .2 .9 .2 – .2 .4 .2 .4 – – ... 1~person households 39.8 .......................... 1.8 2.7 6.1 3.6 3.3 8.0 4.6 5.3 2.6 .6 .2 .9 22 918 Male householder 17.8 ........................... .9 1.0 1.6 1.6 1.3 4.2 2.2 2.2 1.7 – .2 .9 26 051 Under 45 years 7.8 ........................... .4 .2 .2 .7 .5 2.2 1.3 .9 1.1 – – .2 28 352 45 to 64 years 6.9 ............................ .2 .8 .9 .4 .5 1.5 .4 1.1 .4 – .2 .4 24 304 65 years and over 3.1 ........................ .2 – .5 .4 .4 .5 .5 .2 .2 – – .2 ...

Female householder 22.0 ........................ .9 1.7 4.5 2.1 2.0 3.9 2.4 3.1 .9 .6 – – 19 563

Under 45 years 9.6 ........................... – .9 1.6 .6 .6 2.4 1.5 1.3 .2 .4 – – 24 463

45 to 64 years 6.5 ............................ .5 – .7 .3 .7 1.0 .9 1.7 .6 .2 – – 32 176

65 years and over 5.8 ........................ .4 .9 2.3 1.1 .7 .5 – – – – – – 8 556

Own Never Married Children Under 18

Years Old

No own children under 18 years 77.0 ................ 3.3 4.3 9.2 7.3 5.9 11.4 7.2 12.3 10.4 2.1 1.1 2.6 27 590 With own children under 18 years 34.1 ............... .4 1.6 3.1 3.1 2.7 5.8 3.9 4.6 4.0 1.3 2.4 1.3 30 853 Under 6 years only 6.4 .......................... .2 .2 .4 .2 .7 1.6 .6 .6 .4 .4 .7 .2 28 854 1 4.2 ....................................... .2 .2 – – .5 1.4 .4 .6 .2 .2 .5 – ... 2 2.2 ....................................... – – .4 .2 .2 .2 .2 – .2 .2 .2 .2 ... 3 or more – ................................ – – – – – – – – – – – – ... 6 to 17 years only 21.7 ........................... .2 1.1 1.8 2.8 1.6 2.9 2.4 3.3 2.9 .8 1.3 .6 31 864 1 13.2 ....................................... – .6 1.1 1.8 .9 1.8 1.1 2.4 1.8 .6 .4 .6 33 609 2 6.7 ....................................... .2 .5 .2 .7 .4 .9 1.0 .9 .9 .2 .9 – 34 637 3 or more 1.8 ................................ – – .4 .4 .2 .2 .2 – .2 – – – ... Both age groups 6.0 ............................ – .2 1.0 – .4 1.3 .9 .7 .7 – .4 .4 30 817 2 3.1 ....................................... – .2 .5 – – .4 .2 .5 .7 – .2 .4 ... 3 or more 2.9 ................................ – – .5 – .4 .9 .6 .2 – – .2 – ...

Monthly Housing Costs

Less than $100 .5 ............................... .2 – .2 – – – – – – – – – ...

$100 to $199 7.0 ................................. – .5 3.2 .4 – 1.0 .6 .8 .4 – – – 9 666

$200 to $249 3.4 ................................. – .4 1.1 .9 – – – .2 .5 – – .2 ...

$250 to $299 5.7 ................................. .4 .2 1.8 .7 .7 .2 .2 .7 .4 .2 .2 – 13 300

$300 to $349 3.5 ................................. .2 – .2 .2 .2 .7 .4 .9 .2 .2 – .2 ...

$350 to $399 3.8 ................................. – .2 .5 1.5 .7 1.0 – – – – – – ...

$400 to $449 2.2 ................................. – .2 .7 .5 – .2 – .2 .2 .2 – – ...

$450 to $499 4.1 ................................. – .4 .2 .7 .4 .2 .7 .9 .2 – .4 – ...

$500 to $599 12.6 ................................. .2 .2 1.3 1.4 2.0 2.9 1.3 .9 1.5 .6 – .2 23 925

$600 to $699 14.5 ................................. .6 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.5 3.8 2.0 2.2 .7 – .4 – 24 829

$700 to $799 11.2 ................................. .2 .9 .8 .9 1.3 2.0 1.3 1.5 1.5 – .4 .2 27 070

$800 to $999 17.6 ................................. .2 .9 .2 1.0 1.1 3.6 2.2 4.2 3.0 .6 .3 .2 37 824

$1,000 to $1,249 7.2 ............................. .4 – .2 .6 .2 1.3 .7 1.3 1.1 .4 .2 .7 41 408

$1,250 to $1,499 6.6 ............................. .2 – .2 – .2 .2 1.0 1.3 1.9 .2 .6 .7 61 093

$1,500 or more 8.5 ............................... .2 .2 .2 – – – .5 1.8 2.4 .9 .9 1.5 71 423

No cash rent 2.7 ................................. .6 .5 .2 .4 .2 .2 .2 – .2 – – – ...

Median (excludes no cash rent) 679 ............... ... 642 290 509 611 663 720 806 891 ... ... ... ...

Median Monthly Housing Costs for

Owners

Monthly costs including all mortgages plus

maintenance costs 784 .......................... ... 805 394 243 732 657 799 912 991 ... ... ... ...

Monthly costs excluding second and

subsequent mortgages and maintenance

costs 712 ...................................... ... 703 297 231 651 626 799 735 935 ... ... ... ...

152 AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 5~20. Income of Families and Primary Individuals by Selected CharacteristicsmOccupied

Units With Black HouseholdermCon.

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Total

Zero to

neg~

ative

$1 to

$4,999

$5,000

to

$9,999

$10,000

to

$14,999

$15,000

to

$19,999

$20,000

to

$29,999

$30,000

to

$39,999

$40,000

to

$59,999

$60,000

to

$79,999

$80,000

to

$99,999

$100,000

to

$119,999

$120,000

or

more Median

Monthly Housing Costs as Percent of

Current Income2

Less than 5 percent 2.5 ........................... – – – – – – – .5 1.3 .2 – .4 ...

5 to 9 percent 9.3 ................................ – – – – – .8 .6 2.5 1.7 1.1 1.5 1.1 69 057

10 to 14 percent 7.9 .............................. .2 – .2 – – .5 .6 1.8 2.6 .8 .5 .7 64 939

15 to 19 percent 13.5 .............................. – – .4 .4 .4 1.6 .9 3.1 3.9 .8 .8 1.1 59 210

20 to 24 percent 11.5 .............................. .2 – .7 .5 .5 1.8 2.4 3.7 1.1 – .4 .2 38 806

25 to 29 percent 12.4 .............................. – – 1.2 1.3 .7 2.9 2.4 2.2 1.5 .2 – – 30 624

30 to 34 percent 12.0 .............................. – .3 1.6 .6 .7 4.6 1.8 .9 .9 .2 .2 .2 26 074

35 to 39 percent 4.9 .............................. – – .4 1.1 .6 1.8 .5 .2 .2 – – – ...

40 to 49 percent 9.5 .............................. – – 1.1 1.3 2.4 2.0 .6 1.5 .5 – – – 19 770

50 to 59 percent 6.2 .............................. – – .9 1.6 1.3 .7 1.1 .2 .2 – – .2 17 341

60 to 69 percent 4.0 .............................. – – .9 1.4 1.3 .2 – – .2 – – – ...

70 to 99 percent 3.1 .............................. – – 1.5 1.1 .2 – – .2 – – – – ...

100 percent or more3.......................... 9.2 – 5.1 3.0 .6 .2 .2 – – – – – – 5000~

Zero or negative income 2.6 ....................... 2.6 – – – – – – – – – – – ...

No cash rent 2.7 ................................. .6 .5 .2 .4 .2 .2 .2 – .2 – – – ...

Median (excludes 2 previous lines) 28 ........... ... 100+ 54 47 46 31 27 21 17 ... ... ... ...

Median (excludes 3 lines before medians) 26 ..... ... 33 39 45 45 31 27 21 17 ... ... ... ...

OWNER OCCUPIED UNITS

Total 37.6 ................................ 1.1 .4 2.2 2.0 1.7 3.8 2.7 8.0 8.0 2.4 2.6 2.8 52 372

Value

Less than $10,000 – ............................ – – – – – – – – – – – – ...

$10,000 to $19,999 1.1 ........................... – – – – – .9 – – .2 – – – ...

$20,000 to $29,999 – ........................... – – – – – – – – – – – – ...

$30,000 to $39,999 .2 ........................... – – – – – – – .2 – – – – ...

$40,000 to $49,999 – ........................... – – – – – – – – – – – – ...

$50,000 to $59,999 1.6 ........................... .2 – .2 – – – .4 .7 – – – – ...

$60,000 to $69,999 .2 ........................... – – – .2 – – – – – – – – ...

$70,000 to $79,999 1.1 ........................... – .4 .4 – – – .2 – – – – – ...

$80,000 to $99,999 1.9 ........................... – – .2 .2 – .2 .4 .7 .2 – – – ...

$100,000 to $119,999 3.6 ......................... .2 – .3 .2 .4 .2 .2 .7 1.1 .2 – – ...

$120,000 to $149,999 6.7 ......................... .4 – .2 .9 .4 .6 .7 1.3 .9 .4 .4 .4 41 449

$150,000 to $199,999 9.2 ......................... .2 – – .4 .9 .9 .5 2.4 2.4 .2 .9 .4 54 152

$200,000 to $249,999 5.2 ......................... – – .4 – – – – 1.3 1.7 1.1 .4 .2 ...

$250,000 to $299,999 3.0 ......................... – – .2 – – .7 .2 .2 .7 .2 .4 .4 ...

$300,000 or more 3.7 ............................. – – .2 – – .2 – .4 .9 .2 .5 1.3 ... Median 162 499 ...................................... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 158 483 184 632 ... ... ... ...

Ratio of Value to Current Income

Less than 1.5 4.0 ................................ – – – – – .9 – 1.0 .4 .4 .4 .9 ...

1.5 to 1.9 4.5 .................................... – – – – – – .4 .7 1.9 .4 .9 .2 ...

2.0 to 2.4 4.3 .................................... – – – – – – .4 1.1 1.1 .4 .4 .8 ...

2.5 to 2.9 3.9 .................................... – – – – – – – 1.1 1.9 .4 .4 – ...

3.0 to 3.9 5.5 .................................... – – – – – – 1.1 1.6 1.7 .4 .2 .4 60 956

4.0 to 4.9 3.3 .................................... .2 – – – – .9 .5 1.5 – .2 – – ...

5.0 or more 11.2 .................................. – .4 2.2 2.0 1.7 2.0 .2 1.1 .9 – .2 .4 17 792

Zero or negative income .9 ....................... .9 – – – – – – – – – – – ...

Median 3.3 ...................................... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 3.1 2.6 ... ... ... ...

Monthly Payment for Principal and

Interest

One or more regular mortgages 25.4 ................ .7 – 1.1 .4 1.1 2.5 1.8 6.4 6.1 1.3 1.9 2.1 56 095 Less than $100 1.8 ............................. – – .4 – – .6 – .5 .2 – – – ... $100 to $199 1.1 ............................... – – – – – .2 – .7 .2 – – – ... $200 to $249 1.1 ............................... – – .2 – – .2 – – .2 – .4 – ... $250 to $299 1.5 ............................... – – – – .2 .2 .2 – .6 – .2 – ... $300 to $349 1.5 ............................... .2 – – .2 – – .2 .7 .2 – – – ... $350 to $399 1.0 ............................... – – – – – .2 – .4 .2 – – .2 ... $400 to $449 .4 ............................... – – – – – – – – .4 – – – ... $450 to $499 .9 ............................... .2 – – – – .2 – – .2 .2 – – ...

$500 to $599 1.5 ............................... – – – – .7 – .2 .2 .4 – – – ...

$600 to $699 1.3 ............................... – – – – .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 – – ...

$700 to $799 .9 ............................... – – – .2 – .2 – .4 – – – – ...

$800 to $999 2.1 ............................... – – – – – .4 .2 .9 .6 – – – ...

$1,000 to $1,249 5.0 ........................... – – .2 – – – .5 1.5 .9 .4 .6 .9 ...

$1,250 to $1,499 2.8 ........................... .2 – – – – – .2 .2 .9 .2 .2 .8 ...

$1500 or more 2.4 ............................. – – .2 – – – – .7 .7 .2 .4 .2 ...

Median 763 .................................... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 812 814 ... ... ... ...

Average Monthly Cost Paid for Real

Estate Taxes

Less than $25 2.9 ................................ – – – – .2 .9 .5 .4 .7 – .2 – ...

$25 to $49 3.0 ................................... .2 – .5 .2 .2 – .2 .8 .4 .4 – – ...

$50 to $74 6.6 ................................... .2 .2 .9 1.1 .4 1.1 .4 1.3 .7 .2 – – 24 288

$75 to $99 3.4 ................................... – – – .4 .2 .6 .4 .6 .2 – .4 .4 ...

$100 to $149 9.8 ................................. .6 .2 .4 .2 .7 .2 .7 2.8 2.4 .9 .4 .2 52 805

$150 to $199 4.7 ................................. – – .2 – – .2 .2 .9 1.5 .4 .6 .6 ...

$200 or more 7.1 ................................. – – .2 – – .7 .2 1.1 2.1 .4 .9 1.5 72 913

Median 115 ...................................... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 114 143 ... ... ... ...

AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998 153

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 5~20. Income of Families and Primary Individuals by Selected CharacteristicsmOccupied

Units With Black HouseholdermCon.

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Total

Zero to

neg~

ative

$1 to

$4,999

$5,000

to

$9,999

$10,000

to

$14,999

$15,000

to

$19,999

$20,000

to

$29,999

$30,000

to

$39,999

$40,000

to

$59,999

$60,000

to

$79,999

$80,000

to

$99,999

$100,000

to

$119,999

$120,000

or

more Median

OWNER OCCUPIED UNITSmCon.

Purchase Price

Home purchased or built 31.9 ....................... .6 .2 2.0 1.8 1.3 2.6 2.2 7.0 7.4 2.2 2.2 2.5 55 128

Less than $10,000 1.7 .......................... – – .2 .4 .2 .3 – .4 – – – – ...

$10,000 to $19,999 2.6 ......................... – – .7 .7 .4 – .2 – .2 .4 – – ...

$20,000 to $29,999 4.2 ......................... – – .4 – .2 .2 .4 1.1 1.3 .2 .2 – ...

$30,000 to $39,999 2.1 ......................... – – – – – .4 .2 .2 .6 .2 .2 .2 ...

$40,000 to $49,999 1.3 ......................... .2 – – .2 – .2 – .2 .2 .2 – – ...

$50,000 to $59,999 1.1 ......................... – – – – .2 – – .4 .2 – – .2 ...

$60,000 to $69,999 1.5 ......................... – – .2 – – .2 .2 .4 .4 – – – ...

$70,000 to $79,999 .9 ......................... – – – – .2 .2 – .2 .2 – – – ...

$80,000 to $99,999 1.5 ......................... – – – – – .2 .2 – .4 – .2 .4 ...

$100,000 to $119,999 1.7 ....................... – – – – – .2 – .4 .4 .2 .2 .2 ...

$120,000 to $149,999 2.8 ....................... .2 – – – – – – 1.1 .9 .2 .2 .2 ...

$150,000 to $199,999 4.1 ....................... – – .2 – – – – 1.3 1.3 .4 .4 .4 ...

$200,000 to $249,999 1.3 ....................... – – – – – – – .2 .2 – .2 .6 ...

$250,000 to $299,999 .4 ....................... – – – – – – – .2 .2 – – – ...

$300,000 or more .4 ........................... – – – – – – – – .2 – – .2 ...

Not reported 4.2 ............................... .2 .2 .2 .4 – .4 .9 .6 .4 .2 .4 – ...

Median 65 920 .................................... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 104 458 91 051 ... ... ... ...

Received as inheritance or gift 1.3 .................. .2 – – – – .2 .2 – – .2 .2 .2 ...

Not reported 4.3 ................................. .2 .2 .2 .2 .5 1.0 .2 1.0 .6 – .2 – ...

RENTER OCCUPIED UNITS

Total 73.5 ................................ 2.6 5.4 10.1 8.3 6.9 13.5 8.5 8.9 6.3 1.0 .9 1.1 22 569

Rent Reductions

No subsidy 45.9 ................................... 1.7 2.2 3.5 4.2 5.1 8.4 6.9 6.5 4.8 1.0 .7 .9 27 427

Rent control 3.5 ................................ – – – .9 .6 1.1 .2 .2 .4 – – – ...

No rent control 42.0 ............................. 1.7 2.2 3.2 3.3 4.4 7.3 6.7 6.0 4.4 1.0 .7 .9 28 272

Reduced by owner 3.1 ........................ .6 .5 .4 .2 .2 .7 – .2 .2 – – – ...

Not reduced by owner 38.6 ..................... 1.1 1.8 2.8 3.1 4.2 6.6 6.5 5.8 4.2 1.0 .7 .9 29 610

Owner reduction not reported .2 .............. – – – – – – .2 – – – – – ...

Rent control not reported .4 .................... – – .2 – – – – .2 – – – – ...

Owned by public housing authority 5.5 .............. .2 .3 2.3 1.3 .2 .7 – .2 .2 – – – 9 789

Government subsidy 10.9 .......................... .2 1.6 3.4 1.5 1.3 1.5 .9 .2 .2 – – – 10 901 Other, income verification 5.1 ...................... .2 .9 – – – 1.8 – 1.5 .4 – .3 – ... Subsidy not reported 6.2 .......................... .2 .4 .9 1.3 .3 1.1 .7 .4 .6 – – .2 20 007

1For mobile homes, oldest category is 1939 or earlier.

2Beginning with 1989 this item uses current income in its calculation, see Appendix A.

3May reflect a temporary situation, living off savings or response error.

154 AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 5~21. Housing Costs by Selected CharacteristicsmOccupied Units With Black

Householder

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Total

Less

than

$100

$100

to

$199

$200

to

$299

$300

to

$399

$400

to

$499

$500

to

$599

$600

to

$699

$700

to

$799

$800

to

$999

$1,000

to

$1,499

$1,500

or

more

No

cash

rent

Median

exclud~

ing no

cash

rent

Total 111.1 ............................. .5 7.0 9.1 7.3 6.3 12.6 14.5 11.2 17.6 13.8 8.5 2.7 679

Units in Structure

1, detached 48.2 ............................... – 2.3 5.5 2.4 2.6 4.8 3.8 5.1 4.6 8.6 6.8 1.8 736

1, attached 11.5 ................................ .2 .2 .5 .6 .6 .7 2.3 .9 3.3 1.1 1.1 – 769

2 to 4 18.7 .................................... .2 .9 .9 2.8 .4 1.3 3.5 2.2 4.0 1.6 .4 .4 674

5 to 9 11.0 .................................... – 1.3 .9 .4 .7 1.9 2.2 .4 2.4 .7 – – 609

10 to 19 6.6 .................................. – .7 .2 .8 .9 .4 1.3 .9 .9 .4 – – 621

20 to 49 7.5 .................................. – .2 .4 – .9 2.2 .5 1.3 1.5 .2 – .2 594

50 or more 6.6 ................................ – .7 .7 .3 .2 1.2 .5 .4 .9 1.2 .2 .3 618

Mobile home or trailer 1.0 ...................... – .6 – – – – .3 – – – – – ...

Year Structure Built1

2000 to 2004 – .............................. – – – – – – – – – – – – ... 1995 to 1999 1.2 .............................. – – – – – – .2 – .2 .2 .7 – ... 1990 to 1994 2.5 .............................. – – .2 .2 .4 – – – .2 .2 1.1 – ... 1985 to 1989 6.6 .............................. – – .5 .2 .4 .5 .9 .7 1.1 1.3 .9 .2 808 1980 to 1984 4.6 .............................. – – – .4 – – .7 .7 1.5 1.0 .2 – ... 1975 to 1979 7.2 .............................. – .2 .6 – – .7 .8 .4 1.8 1.7 .9 – 891 1970 to 1974 9.2 .............................. .2 1.3 .4 .2 .2 1.5 .9 .2 1.8 .8 .8 .6 633 1960 to 1969 18.3 .............................. – .7 .6 1.0 1.1 3.1 3.2 2.7 3.1 1.8 1.1 – 682 1950 to 1959 20.7 .............................. .2 2.3 2.0 2.2 1.3 2.0 3.2 1.9 2.7 2.2 .7 – 609 1940 to 1949 14.8 .............................. – .7 1.3 .6 1.3 1.4 2.4 1.8 2.7 1.5 .5 .7 674 1930 to 1939 12.0 .............................. – 1.3 1.3 1.1 .4 1.8 1.4 .9 1.1 1.5 .6 .4 586 1920 to 1929 8.5 .............................. – .3 1.6 .4 .2 .7 .9 1.5 1.1 .6 .9 .2 700 1919 or earlier 5.6 ............................. – .3 .5 .7 .9 .9 – .4 .4 .9 .2 .5 526 Median 1957 ................................... ... 1954 1949 1953 1953 1957 1958 1955 1963 1961 1972 ... ...

Rooms

1 room 1.5 ................................... – – .2 .3 – .7 – – – – – .3 ...

2 rooms 2.1 .................................. – .3 .2 .2 – .2 .6 .2 – .2 .2 – ...

3 rooms 22.3 .................................. – 2.4 1.5 1.5 2.0 5.6 4.5 2.0 2.4 – – .5 562

4 rooms 29.7 .................................. – 1.5 1.1 2.0 1.5 2.9 5.7 4.6 6.9 2.4 .7 .4 699

5 rooms 25.7 .................................. .2 2.6 3.1 1.1 .9 .9 2.1 2.2 5.9 5.0 1.1 .6 776

6 rooms 15.7 .................................. .2 .2 1.8 1.8 .7 1.1 .6 1.3 1.7 3.4 2.6 .2 807

7 rooms 7.4 .................................. – – .6 .2 .9 .9 .4 .5 .7 1.5 1.5 .2 830

8 rooms 5.0 .................................. – – .2 – .2 – .6 .4 – .8 2.4 .2 ...

9 rooms .9 .................................. – – – .2 – .2 – – – .4 – – ...

10 rooms or more .9 .......................... – – .3 – .2 .2 – – – – – .2 ...

Median 4.5 ................................... ... 4.0 5.0 4.3 4.3 3.5 3.9 4.2 4.4 5.4 6.4 ... ...

Bedrooms

None 1.7 ..................................... – – .2 .3 .2 .7 – – – – – .3 ...

1 25.8 ........................................ – 2.3 1.6 1.5 2.2 6.2 5.7 2.4 3.0 .2 – .7 580

2 42.4 ........................................ – 2.5 2.8 3.3 1.3 2.9 6.5 6.6 9.3 5.0 1.8 .4 725 3 30.9 ........................................ .5 2.1 3.8 1.6 2.2 1.8 1.7 1.8 4.6 6.3 3.7 .9 778 4 or more 10.3 ................................. – – .6 .6 .4 1.0 .6 .4 .7 2.3 3.1 .4 1 098 Median 2.2 ................................... ... 2.0 2.5 2.1 2.1 1.4 1.7 2.0 2.1 2.8 3.2 ... ...

Complete Bathrooms

None 3.1 ..................................... – .3 .4 .5 – .4 – .2 – .4 .5 .3 ...

1 69.6 ........................................ .2 5.8 5.5 4.3 4.1 9.8 12.4 8.8 11.4 4.4 1.1 1.8 633

1 and one~half 13.9 ............................. .2 .7 1.1 .9 .9 .6 1.1 .9 2.2 3.7 1.5 – 847

2 or more 24.6 ................................. – .2 2.0 1.6 1.3 1.7 1.1 1.3 3.9 5.3 5.5 .7 942

Main Heating Equipment

Warm~air furnace 73.4 .......................... .5 4.5 6.6 4.2 3.8 8.3 7.5 6.3 11.5 11.7 7.6 .9 714

Steam or hot water system 3.9 .................. – .7 – .3 .2 .7 .6 .7 – – .2 .5 ...

Electric heat pump 1.3 ......................... – – .4 .2 – – .2 .2 – – – .2 ...

Built~in electric units 8.9 ........................ – .2 .7 1.0 1.1 .6 2.0 1.1 1.1 .8 .2 – 641

Floor, wall, or other built~in hot air units without

ducts 20.8 .................................... – 1.6 1.3 1.3 1.1 2.6 3.5 2.8 4.3 .9 .4 .9 657

Room heaters with flue 1.3 ..................... – – – .3 .2 .2 .2 – .2 – – .2 ...

Room heaters without flue .2 .................. – – – – – – .2 – – – – – ...

Portable electric heaters .4 .................... – – – – – .2 .2 – – – – – ...

Stoves .2 ................................... – – – – – – – – .2 – – – ...

Fireplaces with inserts – ...................... – – – – – – – – – – – – ...

Fireplaces without inserts – ................... – – – – – – – – – – – – ...

Other .4 .................................... – – – – – – – – – .4 – – ...

Cooking stove – ............................. – – – – – – – – – – – – ...

None .2 ..................................... – – – – – – – – .2 – – – ...

Primary Source of Water

Public system or private company 110.9 ............ .5 7.0 9.1 7.3 6.3 12.6 14.5 11.0 17.6 13.8 8.5 2.7 678 Well serving 1 to 5 units – .................... – – – – – – – – – – – – ...

Drilled – .................................. – – – – – – – – – – – – ...

Dug – .................................... – – – – – – – – – – – – ...

Not reported – ............................ – – – – – – – – – – – – ...

Other .2 .................................... – – – – – – – .2 – – – – ...

Means of Sewage Disposal

Public sewer 110.9 .............................. .5 7.0 9.1 7.3 6.3 12.6 14.5 11.2 17.6 13.6 8.5 2.7 678 Septic tank, cesspool, chemical toilet .2 ......... – – – – – – – – – .2 – – ... Other – .................................... – – – – – – – – – – – – ...

Main House Heating Fuel

Housing units with heating fuel 110.9 ...... .5 7.0 9.1 7.3 6.3 12.6 14.5 11.2 17.3 13.8 8.5 2.7 678

Electricity 31.2 ................................. – 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.2 4.0 4.2 3.7 5.6 2.6 1.5 .9 658

Piped gas 78.0 ................................. .5 4.6 6.8 5.1 4.0 8.6 10.0 7.0 11.5 11.0 7.0 1.8 685

Bottled gas .3 ................................ – – – – – – .3 – – – – – ...

Fuel oil – ................................... – – – – – – – – – – – – ...

Kerosene or other liquid fuel – ................. – – – – – – – – – – – – ...

Coal or coke – .............................. – – – – – – – – – – – – ...

Wood .2 .................................... – – – – – – – – .2 – – – ...

Solar energy .2 .............................. – – – – – – – .2 – – – – ...

Other .9 .................................... – .2 – – .2 – – .2 – .2 – – ...

AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998 155

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 5~21. Housing Costs by Selected CharacteristicsmOccupied Units With Black

HouseholdermCon.

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Total

Less

than

$100

$100

to

$199

$200

to

$299

$300

to

$399

$400

to

$499

$500

to

$599

$600

to

$699

$700

to

$799

$800

to

$999

$1,000

to

$1,499

$1,500

or

more

No

cash

rent

Median

exclud~

ing no

cash

rent

Cooking Fuel

With cooking fuel 108.3 .................. .5 6.8 8.6 6.6 6.1 12.4 14.3 11.2 17.3 13.6 8.5 2.4 684

Electricity 54.2 ................................. .2 2.3 3.5 3.1 2.2 5.5 7.7 6.1 10.6 8.8 3.7 .5 738

Piped gas 53.8 ................................. .2 4.5 5.1 3.5 3.9 6.8 6.2 5.1 6.8 4.8 4.8 2.0 629

Bottled gas .3 ................................ – – – – – – .3 – – – – – ...

Kerosene or other liquid fuel – ................. – – – – – – – – – – – – ...

Coal or coke – .............................. – – – – – – – – – – – – ...

Wood – .................................... – – – – – – – – – – – – ...

Other – .................................... – – – – – – – – – – – – ...

Persons

1 person 39.8 .................................. .2 4.0 3.8 3.1 2.4 6.0 6.2 3.7 4.2 3.2 1.6 1.2 595

2 persons 31.5 ................................. .2 1.9 1.8 2.4 1.8 4.0 3.7 4.2 5.0 3.7 2.2 .6 691

3 persons 18.6 ................................. – .7 2.2 .8 1.3 1.7 2.4 1.5 3.8 2.2 1.6 .4 699

4 persons 13.0 ................................. – .2 1.1 – .9 .2 1.1 1.1 3.1 2.8 2.4 – 918

5 persons 3.9 ................................. – .2 – .4 – .4 .4 – .5 1.5 .2 .2 ...

6 persons 3.3 ................................. – – – .5 – .2 .6 .2 .6 .2 .6 .2 ...

7 persons or more 1.1 ......................... – – .2 – – – – .4 .2 .2 – – ...

Median 2.0 ................................... ... 1.5~ 1.9 1.7 1.9 1.6 1.8 1.9 2.4 2.5 2.8 ... ...

Household Composition by Age of

Householder

2~or~more person households 71.4 ............... .2 3.0 5.3 4.2 3.9 6.6 8.3 7.5 13.3 10.6 7.0 1.5 746

Married~couple families, no nonrelatives 25.4 .... – .3 2.2 .6 1.5 1.8 2.0 2.7 3.7 5.6 5.0 – 888

Under 25 years 1.6 ........................ – .3 .2 – .2 .2 .2 .5 – – – – ...

25 to 29 years 1.4 ......................... – – – – – .2 .2 – .7 – .2 – ...

30 to 34 years 4.3 ......................... – – .2 – .2 .2 .2 .2 .7 1.1 1.5 – ...

35 to 44 years 7.2 ......................... – – .4 – – .2 .4 1.1 .9 2.2 2.0 – 1 123

45 to 64 years 7.9 ......................... – – .4 .4 1.1 .7 .7 .5 .7 2.1 1.3 – 848

65 years and over 2.9 ..................... – – .9 .2 – .2 .2 .4 .7 .2 – – ...

Other male householder 12.8 .................. – .4 .2 .5 1.1 1.1 2.4 1.3 2.7 1.5 .9 .7 723

Under 45 years 7.3 ........................ – .2 – .5 .2 .7 1.8 1.1 .9 1.1 .2 .7 696

45 to 64 years 3.7 ......................... – .2 – – .2 .4 .4 .2 1.5 .2 .4 – ...

65 years and over 1.8 ..................... – – .2 – .7 – .2 – .2 .2 .2 – ...

Other female householder 33.2 ................ .2 2.2 2.9 3.1 1.3 3.7 3.8 3.5 7.0 3.5 1.1 .9 671

Under 45 years 18.5 ........................ .2 1.5 1.1 2.0 .6 1.7 2.5 1.8 4.1 2.2 .5 .2 674

45 to 64 years 11.8 ......................... – .4 1.3 .9 .5 1.8 1.3 1.5 1.7 1.3 .7 .4 662

65 years and over 2.8 ..................... – .2 .4 .2 .2 .2 – .2 1.1 – – .2 ... 1~person households 39.8 ....................... .2 4.0 3.8 3.1 2.4 6.0 6.2 3.7 4.2 3.2 1.6 1.2 595 Male householder 17.8 ........................ – 2.0 1.4 2.2 1.5 2.7 2.1 1.1 1.7 1.5 1.4 .3 560 Under 45 years 7.8 ........................ – .5 .2 .8 .2 1.4 .9 .5 1.4 .7 1.1 – 680 45 to 64 years 6.9 ......................... – .9 .5 .8 .9 1.1 .8 .6 – .9 .2 .3 524 65 years and over 3.1 ..................... – .5 .7 .6 .5 .2 .4 – .2 – – – ... Female householder 22.0 ..................... .2 2.1 2.4 .9 .9 3.3 4.2 2.6 2.6 1.7 .2 .9 618 Under 45 years 9.6 ........................ – .4 .6 .5 .4 .8 2.6 1.3 1.1 .7 .2 .9 658 45 to 64 years 6.5 ......................... .2 .2 .2 – .2 1.8 1.1 .4 1.5 .8 – – 655 65 years and over 5.8 ..................... – 1.4 1.5 .4 .2 .7 .4 .9 – .2 – – 297

Own Never Married Children Under

18 Years Old

No own children under 18 years 77.0 ............. .2 5.5 7.2 5.3 4.8 10.0 9.5 7.9 12.0 7.6 5.1 2.0 647

With own children under 18 years 34.1 ............ .2 1.5 1.8 2.0 1.5 2.6 5.0 3.3 5.6 6.3 3.5 .7 758

Under 6 years only 6.4 ....................... – .2 .2 .2 .2 .8 .7 .7 1.1 .9 1.1 .2 802

1 4.2 .................................... – – .2 .2 – .6 .5 .5 .9 .6 .4 .2 ...

2 2.2 .................................... – .2 – – .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .6 – ...

3 or more – ............................. – – – – – – – – – – – – ...

6 to 17 years only 21.7 ........................ .2 .7 1.1 1.8 1.3 1.6 3.3 2.1 3.3 4.5 1.3 .5 730

1 13.2 .................................... .2 .4 .5 .5 .9 1.6 1.9 1.3 2.7 2.4 .9 – 747

2 6.7 .................................... – .2 .2 .9 .4 – .9 .8 .6 1.9 .4 .2 768

3 or more 1.8 ............................. – – .4 .4 – – .4 – – .2 – .2 ...

Both age groups 6.0 ......................... – .7 .5 – – .2 1.1 .5 1.1 .9 1.1 – 818

2 3.1 .................................... – .5 – – – – .6 .2 .3 .4 1.1 – ...

3 or more 2.9 ............................. – .2 .5 – – .2 .4 .2 .9 .4 – – ...

Income of Families and Primary

Individuals

Less than $5,000 9.5 .......................... .2 .5 1.1 .4 .6 .4 1.8 1.1 1.1 .7 .5 1.1 650

$5,000 to $9,999 12.3 .......................... .2 3.2 2.9 .7 .9 1.3 1.1 .8 .2 .4 .2 .2 288

$10,000 to $14,999 10.4 ........................ – .4 1.6 1.7 1.1 1.4 1.1 .9 1.0 .6 – .4 509

$15,000 to $19,999 8.6 ........................ – – .7 .9 .4 2.0 1.5 1.3 1.1 .4 – .2 611

$20,000 to $24,999 7.4 ........................ – .8 .2 1.4 .2 .9 1.5 .2 1.1 .9 – .2 608

$25,000 to $29,999 9.8 ........................ – .2 – .3 .2 2.0 2.3 1.8 2.4 .7 – – 699

$30,000 to $34,999 7.2 ........................ – .6 .2 – .7 .9 1.3 .6 1.6 1.1 – .2 685

$35,000 to $39,999 3.9 ........................ – – – .4 – .4 .6 .7 .7 .6 .5 – ...

$40,000 to $49,999 9.5 ........................ – .5 .5 .4 .7 .2 1.3 1.1 2.2 1.5 1.1 – 807

$50,000 to $59,999 7.3 ........................ – .2 .4 .5 .4 .7 .9 .4 2.0 1.1 .7 – 805

$60,000 to $79,999 14.3 ........................ – .4 .9 .2 .4 1.5 .7 1.5 3.0 3.0 2.4 .2 891

$80,000 to $99,999 3.4 ........................ – – .2 .2 .2 .6 – – .6 .6 .9 – ...

$100,000 to $119,999 3.5 ...................... – – .2 – .4 – .4 .4 .3 .9 .9 – ...

$120,000 or more 3.9 .......................... – – .2 .2 – .2 – .2 .2 1.3 1.5 – ...

Median 28 771 ................................... ... 9 666 11 802 19 841 21 958 25 564 25 718 28 357 36 377 49 621 71 423 ... ...

156 AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 5~21. Housing Costs by Selected CharacteristicsmOccupied Units With Black

HouseholdermCon.

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Total

Less

than

$100

$100

to

$199

$200

to

$299

$300

to

$399

$400

to

$499

$500

to

$599

$600

to

$699

$700

to

$799

$800

to

$999

$1,000

to

$1,499

$1,500

or

more

No

cash

rent

Median

exclud~

ing no

cash

rent

OWNER OCCUPIED UNITS

Total 37.6 ............................. – 2.7 4.8 2.2 2.2 3.3 3.1 2.6 2.4 6.2 8.1 ... 720

Value

Less than $10,000 – ......................... – – – – – – – – – – – ... ...

$10,000 to $19,999 1.1 ........................ – .6 – – – – .3 – – – .2 ... ...

$20,000 to $29,999 – ........................ – – – – – – – – – – – ... ...

$30,000 to $39,999 .2 ........................ – – – – – – – – .2 – – ... ...

$40,000 to $49,999 – ........................ – – – – – – – – – – – ... ...

$50,000 to $59,999 1.6 ........................ – .3 .2 – .2 .7 – .2 – – – ... ...

$60,000 to $69,999 .2 ........................ – – .2 – – – – – – – – ... ...

$70,000 to $79,999 1.1 ........................ – – .6 – – – – .2 – .2 – ... ...

$80,000 to $99,999 1.9 ........................ – .4 .2 – – .2 .4 – .4 .2 – ... ...

$100,000 to $119,999 3.6 ...................... – .5 .2 .2 .2 .7 .2 .4 .7 .4 – ... ...

$120,000 to $149,999 6.7 ...................... – .5 1.7 .8 – – .6 .4 .5 1.7 .4 ... 654

$150,000 to $199,999 9.2 ...................... – .2 .9 .4 1.1 .4 1.1 .9 .2 2.1 1.8 ... 749

$200,000 to $249,999 5.2 ...................... – – .7 .4 .4 .4 .4 – .4 .8 1.5 ... ...

$250,000 to $299,999 3.0 ...................... – .2 – .2 .2 .2 – .4 – .2 1.5 ... ...

$300,000 or more 3.7 .......................... – – – – – .6 – – – .4 2.6 ... ...

Median 162 499 ................................... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 162 496 253 302 ... ...

Ratio of Value to Current Income

Less than 1.5 4.0 ............................. – .9 .2 .2 .2 – .6 .4 .7 .2 .6 ... ...

1.5 to 1.9 4.5 ................................. – .2 .8 – .5 .7 .4 .4 .2 .6 .7 ... ...

2.0 to 2.4 4.3 ................................. – .4 .2 .4 .2 .4 – – – 1.7 .8 ... ...

2.5 to 2.9 3.9 ................................. – – .2 – .4 .4 .2 .2 .4 1.1 .9 ... ...

3.0 to 3.9 5.5 ................................. – .2 .2 .2 .4 .4 .2 .7 .5 .9 1.8 ... 956

4.0 to 4.9 3.3 ................................. – – .5 .4 .2 .2 .2 – .5 .6 .7 ... ...

5.0 or more 11.2 ............................... – .9 2.4 .9 .2 .9 1.2 .9 .2 1.1 2.4 ... 619

Zero or negative income .9 .................... – – .2 – – .2 .2 – – – .2 ... ...

Median 3.3 ................................... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 2.8 3.5 ... ...

Monthly Payment for Principal and

Interest

One or more regular mortgages 25.4 ............. – .9 .4 – 1.3 1.8 2.3 2.2 2.4 6.2 7.9 ... 1 112 Less than $100 1.8 .......................... – .9 .2 – .4 .2 – – – – – ... ...

$100 to $199 1.1 ............................ – – .2 – .4 .5 – – – – – ... ...

$200 to $249 1.1 ............................ – – – – .2 .2 .6 – – – – ... ...

$250 to $299 1.5 ............................ – – – – – .2 .4 .6 .2 – – ... ...

$300 to $349 1.5 ............................ – – – – .2 .7 .4 .2 – – – ... ...

$350 to $399 1.0 ............................ – – – – – – .4 .2 .2 .2 – ... ...

$400 to $449 .4 ............................ – – – – – – – .2 – .2 – ... ...

$450 to $499 .9 ............................ – – – – – – .2 – .5 – .2 ... ...

$500 to $599 1.5 ............................ – – – – – – .2 .9 .2 .2 – ... ...

$600 to $699 1.3 ............................ – – – – – – – – .9 .4 – ... ...

$700 to $799 .9 ............................ – – – – – – – – .4 .4 – ... ...

$800 to $999 2.1 ............................ – – – – – – – – – 2.1 – ... ...

$1,000 to $1,249 5.0 ........................ – – – – – – – – – 2.6 2.4 ... ...

$1,250 to $1,499 2.8 ........................ – – – – – – – – – – 2.8 ... ...

$1500 or more 2.4 .......................... – – – – – – – – – – 2.4 ... ...

Median 763 ................................. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 950 1 367 ... ...

Average Monthly Cost Paid for Real

Estate Taxes

Less than $25 2.9 ............................. – 1.0 – – .7 – .6 – .2 .4 – ... ...

$25 to $49 3.0 ................................ – 1.0 .4 – .2 .5 .2 .4 .2 – – ... ...

$50 to $74 6.6 ................................ – .5 2.0 .2 .4 .7 .6 .4 1.1 .6 – ... 527

$75 to $99 3.4 ................................ – .2 .9 .4 – .4 .6 .2 – .7 – ... ...

$100 to $149 9.8 .............................. – – 1.3 .9 .4 .9 .7 1.1 .5 1.7 2.4 ... 770

$150 to $199 4.7 .............................. – – .2 .4 .2 .2 .4 .2 – 1.7 1.3 ... ...

$200 or more 7.1 .............................. – – – .2 .2 .7 – .2 .4 1.1 4.4 ... 1500+

Median 115 ................................... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 140 200+ ... ...

Purchase Price

Home purchased or built 31.9 .................... – 2.0 3.5 1.7 1.7 2.6 2.9 2.0 2.2 5.8 7.4 ... 773

Less than $10,000 1.7 ....................... – .7 .2 – .2 – .3 – .2 – – ... ...

$10,000 to $19,999 2.6 ...................... – .7 .7 – .2 – .6 – .5 – – ... ...

$20,000 to $29,999 4.2 ...................... – – .9 .2 .7 .7 – .7 .7 .2 .2 ... ...

$30,000 to $39,999 2.1 ...................... – – .4 .2 .2 .4 .2 – – .6 – ... ...

$40,000 to $49,999 1.3 ...................... – – – .2 – .2 .2 – .2 .4 – ... ...

$50,000 to $59,999 1.1 ...................... – – .4 – – .2 – .4 – – – ... ...

$60,000 to $69,999 1.5 ...................... – – .2 – – – .4 – .7 .2 – ... ...

$70,000 to $79,999 .9 ...................... – – .2 .2 – .2 .2 – – – – ... ...

$80,000 to $99,999 1.5 ...................... – .2 – .2 – – .2 .2 – .4 .2 ... ...

$100,000 to $119,999 1.7 .................... – – – .2 – – .2 – – .7 .6 ... ...

$120,000 to $149,999 2.8 .................... – – – .2 – – – – – 1.7 .9 ... ...

$150,000 to $199,999 4.1 .................... – – – – – .2 – – – 1.3 2.6 ... ...

$200,000 to $249,999 1.3 .................... – – – – – .2 – – – – 1.1 ... ...

$250,000 to $299,999 .4 .................... – – – – – – – – – – .4 ... ...

$300,000 or more .4 ........................ – – – – – – – – – – .4 ... ...

Not reported 4.2 ............................ – .5 .4 .2 .4 .4 .4 .7 – .2 .9 ... ...

Median 65 920 ................................. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 123 964 174 614 ... ...

Received as inheritance or gift 1.3 ............... – – .9 .2 – – – .2 – – – ... ...

Not reported 4.3 .............................. – .6 .4 .2 .4 .7 .2 .4 .2 .4 .7 ... ...

AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998 157

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 5~21. Housing Costs by Selected CharacteristicsmOccupied Units With Black

HouseholdermCon.

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Total

Less

than

$100

$100

to

$199

$200

to

$299

$300

to

$399

$400

to

$499

$500

to

$599

$600

to

$699

$700

to

$799

$800

to

$999

$1,000

to

$1,499

$1,500

or

more

No

cash

rent

Median

exclud~

ing no

cash

rent

RENTER OCCUPIED UNITS

Total 73.5 ............................. .5 4.3 4.2 5.1 4.1 9.3 11.4 8.5 15.2 7.6 .5 2.7 668

Rent Reductions

No subsidy 45.9 ................................ – .2 .9 1.4 2.8 5.9 8.8 5.9 11.4 6.3 – 2.2 730

Rent control 3.5 ............................. – – – – .2 .9 1.1 .2 .9 – – .2 ...

No rent control 42.0 .......................... – .2 .9 1.4 2.6 5.0 7.7 5.7 10.3 6.1 – 2.0 737

Reduced by owner 3.1 ..................... – – – 1.0 – .2 .2 – .2 – – 1.5 ...

Not reduced by owner 38.6 .................. – .2 .9 .5 2.6 4.8 7.2 5.7 10.1 6.1 – .5 750

Owner reduction not reported .2 ........... – – – – – – .2 – – – – – ...

Rent control not reported .4 ................. – – – – – – – – .2 .2 – – ...

Owned by public housing authority 5.5 ........... .2 1.0 1.6 .8 .4 1.0 – – .2 – – .3 289

Government subsidy 10.9 ....................... .2 2.9 1.3 2.0 .9 .7 .9 .4 .8 .5 – .2 341

Other, income verification 5.1 ................... – – – – – .4 1.1 1.3 1.6 .2 .5 – ...

Subsidy not reported 6.2 ....................... – .2 .4 .9 – 1.4 .7 .8 1.1 .7 – – ...

1For mobile homes, oldest category is 1939 or earlier.

158 AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 5~22. Value by Selected CharacteristicsmOwner Occupied Units With Black Householder

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Total

Less

than

$30,000

$30,000

to

$39,999

$40,000

to

$49,999

$50,000

to

$59,999

$60,000

to

$79,999

$80,000

to

$99,999

$100,000

to

$149,999

$150,000

to

$199,999

$200,000

to

$249,999

$250,000

to

$299,999

$300,000

or

more Median

Total 37.6 ................................ 1.1 .2 – 1.6 1.3 1.9 10.3 9.2 5.2 3.0 3.7 162 499

Units in Structure

1, detached 31.6 .................................. .5 .2 – 1.3 .9 1.7 8.1 8.3 4.7 2.6 3.3 168 549

1, attached 2.8 ................................... – – – – .4 .2 1.1 .2 .2 .4 .2 ...

2 to 4 1.7 ....................................... – – – – – – .9 .4 .2 – .2 ...

5 to 9 – ....................................... ––––– – – – – – – ...

10 to 19 – ..................................... ––––– – – – – – – ...

20 to 49 – ..................................... ––––– – – – – – – ...

50 or more .4 ................................... – – – – – – .2 .2 – – – ...

Mobile home or trailer 1.0 ......................... .7 – – .3 – – – – – – – ...

Year Structure Built1

2000 to 2004 – ................................. ––––– – – – – – – ... 1995 to 1999 1.2 ................................. – – – – – .2 .2 .4 – .2 .2 ... 1990 to 1994 1.3 ................................. – – – – .2 – – .2 – – .9 ... 1985 to 1989 2.2 ................................. – – – – .2 – .4 .7 .4 .4 – ... 1980 to 1984 1.0 ................................. – – – – – .2 .4 – .2 – .2 ... 1975 to 1979 2.5 ................................. .6 – – – – – .9 .2 .6 .2 – ... 1970 to 1974 2.8 ................................. .3 – – .3 – .2 .2 .2 .8 .2 .4 ... 1960 to 1969 4.2 ................................. – – – – – – .9 1.6 .4 .6 .6 ... 1950 to 1959 5.5 ................................. .2 – – – – .4 2.2 1.1 .9 .2 .4 147 510 1940 to 1949 5.0 ................................. – .2 – .4 .2 .7 1.5 .9 .9 .2 – ... 1930 to 1939 5.7 ................................. – – – .4 .2 .2 1.5 2.0 .9 .2 .2 160 528 1920 to 1929 4.0 ................................. – – – .2 .4 – 1.1 1.1 – .7 .4 ... 1919 or earlier 2.2 ................................ – – – .2 – – .8 .9 – – .2 ... Median 1954 ...................................... ... ... ... ... ... ... 1950 1948 ... ... ... ...

Rooms

1 room – ...................................... ––––– – – – – – – ...

2 rooms .8 ..................................... .3 – – – – – – – – .2 .2 ...

3 rooms .8 ..................................... .3 – – .2 .2 – – – – – – ...

4 rooms 3.3 ..................................... – – – .2 .4 .4 1.1 .7 .2 – .2 ...

5 rooms 10.8 ..................................... .2 .2 – .8 .7 .9 4.6 2.4 .6 .2 .2 129 013

6 rooms 10.9 ..................................... – – – .4 – .6 3.1 3.0 2.0 1.3 .4 171 657

7 rooms 5.4 ..................................... – – – – – – .9 1.3 1.5 .9 .9 ...

8 rooms 4.3 ..................................... .2 – – – – – .2 1.5 .6 .4 1.3 ...

9 rooms .9 ..................................... – – – – – – .5 – .2 – .2 ...

10 rooms or more .4 ............................. – – – – – – – .2 – – .2 ...

Median 5.8 ...................................... ... ... ... ... ... ... 5.4 6.0 ... ... ... ...

Bedrooms

None – ........................................ ––––– – – – – – – ...

1 .6 ........................................... .3 – – .2 – – – – – – – ...

2 11.4 ........................................... – .2 – 1.0 .9 1.0 3.9 2.5 .9 .7 .4 133 629 3 18.3 ........................................... .6 – – .4 .2 .8 6.0 4.6 2.6 1.9 1.1 161 963 4 or more 7.3 .................................... .2 – – – .2 – .4 2.1 1.7 .4 2.2 219 089 Median 2.9 ...................................... ... ... ... ... ... ... 2.7 3.0 ... ... ... ...

Complete Bathrooms

None 1.4 ........................................ .3 – – – .2 – .2 – – .2 .5 ...

1 14.0 ........................................... .6 .2 – 1.4 .9 1.5 4.4 3.1 1.5 .2 .2 127 568

1 and one~half 6.8 ................................ – – – – – .2 3.1 1.6 .6 1.1 .2 153 428

2 or more 15.3 .................................... .2 – – .2 .2 .2 2.6 4.5 3.0 1.5 2.8 196 363

Main Heating Equipment

Warm~air furnace 28.8 ............................. 1.1 – – 1.6 .9 1.4 6.4 6.8 4.3 2.8 3.5 171 867

Steam or hot water system .9 ..................... – – – – – – .2 .2 .2 – .2 ...

Electric heat pump .5 ............................ – – – – – – .5 – – – – ...

Built~in electric units 2.6 ........................... – – – – .2 .2 1.3 .7 .2 – – ...

Floor, wall, or other built~in hot air units without

ducts 4.6 ....................................... – .2 – – .2 .2 2.0 1.3 .5 .2 – ...

Room heaters with flue – ........................ ––––– – – – – – – ...

Room heaters without flue – ..................... ––––– – – – – – – ...

Portable electric heaters – ....................... ––––– – – – – – – ...

Stoves – ...................................... ––––– – – – – – – ...

Fireplaces with inserts – ......................... ––––– – – – – – – ...

Fireplaces without inserts – ...................... ––––– – – – – – – ...

Other .2 ....................................... – – – – – – – .2 – – – ...

Cooking stove – ................................ ––––– – – – – – – ...

None – ........................................ ––––– – – – – – – ...

Primary Source of Water

Public system or private company 37.6 ............... 1.1 .2 – 1.6 1.3 1.9 10.3 9.2 5.2 3.0 3.7 162 499 Well serving 1 to 5 units – ....................... ––––– – – – – – – ...

Drilled – ..................................... ––––– – – – – – – ...

Dug – ....................................... ––––– – – – – – – ...

Not reported – ............................... ––––– – – – – – – ...

Other – ....................................... –––––– – – – – – ...

Means of Sewage Disposal

Public sewer 37.6 ................................. 1.1 .2 – 1.6 1.3 1.9 10.3 9.2 5.2 3.0 3.7 162 499

Septic tank, cesspool, chemical toilet – ............ ––––– – – – – – – ...

Other – ....................................... ––––– – – – – – – ...

Main House Heating Fuel

Housing units with heating fuel 37.6 ......... 1.1 .2 – 1.6 1.3 1.9 10.3 9.2 5.2 3.0 3.7 162 499

Electricity 7.9 .................................... .3 .2 – – .2 .4 1.8 2.6 1.1 .7 .6 169 185

Piped gas 29.1 .................................... .5 – – 1.6 1.1 1.4 8.6 6.4 4.1 2.4 3.1 160 717

Bottled gas .3 ................................... .3 – – – – – – – – – – ...

Fuel oil – ...................................... ––––– – – – – – – ...

Kerosene or other liquid fuel – .................... ––––– – – – – – – ...

Coal or coke – ................................. ––––– – – – – – – ...

Wood – ....................................... ––––– – – – – – – ...

Solar energy – ................................. ––––– – – – – – – ...

Other .2 ....................................... – – – – – – – .2 – – – ...

AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998 159

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 5~22. Value by Selected CharacteristicsmOwner Occupied Units With Black Householder

mCon.

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Total

Less

than

$30,000

$30,000

to

$39,999

$40,000

to

$49,999

$50,000

to

$59,999

$60,000

to

$79,999

$80,000

to

$99,999

$100,000

to

$149,999

$150,000

to

$199,999

$200,000

to

$249,999

$250,000

to

$299,999

$300,000

or

more Median

Cooking Fuel

With cooking fuel 37.4 ..................... 1.1 .2 – 1.4 1.3 1.9 10.3 9.2 5.2 3.0 3.7 163 122 Electricity 15.6 .................................... – – – .2 .9 .6 4.0 3.7 2.2 1.9 2.2 178 948 Piped gas 21.4 .................................... .8 .2 – 1.2 .4 1.3 6.4 5.5 3.0 1.1 1.6 154 020 Bottled gas .3 ................................... .3 – – – – – – – – – – ... Kerosene or other liquid fuel – .................... ––––– – – – – – – ... Coal or coke – ................................. ––––– – – – – – – ... Wood – ....................................... ––––– – – – – – – ... Other – ....................................... ––––– – – – – – – ...

Persons

1 person 12.4 ..................................... .7 .2 – .5 .6 .8 4.4 2.4 .6 1.1 1.1 138 900

2 persons 10.2 .................................... .5 – – .7 .2 .2 2.9 3.1 1.5 .4 .7 159 541

3 persons 6.3 .................................... – – – .2 – .2 1.5 2.0 1.3 .4 .6 181 149

4 persons 5.2 .................................... – – – – .4 .4 .4 1.1 1.1 .9 .9 ...

5 persons 1.8 .................................... – – – – – .2 .9 .2 .2 .2 – ...

6 persons 1.5 .................................... – – – – – – .2 .4 .4 – .4 ...

7 persons or more .2 ............................ – – – .2 – – – – – – – ...

Median 2.1 ...................................... ... ... ... ... ... ... 1.8 2.2 ... ... ... ...

Household Composition by Age of

Householder

2~or~more person households 25.2 .................. .5 – – 1.2 .7 1.1 5.9 6.8 4.5 1.9 2.6 174 073 Married~couple families, no nonrelatives 15.1 ....... – – – .5 .4 .4 3.5 4.2 3.2 1.5 1.3 181 754 Under 25 years .8 ........................... – – – .3 – – .2 – .2 – – ... 25 to 29 years .2 ............................ ––––– – – – – .2 – ... 30 to 34 years 2.2 ............................ – – – – – – .4 .4 .4 .4 .5 ... 35 to 44 years 4.1 ............................ – – – – – .2 1.1 1.3 .9 .6 – ... 45 to 64 years 5.4 ............................ – – – – – – 1.3 1.6 1.5 .2 .9 196 050 65 years and over 2.4 ........................ – – – .2 .4 .2 .5 .9 .2 – – ... Other male householder 3.1 ..................... .2 – – .2 – .2 – 1.3 .2 .2 .7 ... Under 45 years .5 ........................... – – – – – – – .2 – – .2 ... 45 to 64 years 1.3 ............................ .2 – – – – .2 – .2 .2 .2 .2 ... 65 years and over 1.3 ........................ – – – .2 – – – .8 – – .2 ... Other female householder 7.0 ................... .2 – – .4 .2 .4 2.4 1.3 1.1 .2 .6 144 907 Under 45 years 2.2 ........................... – – – – .2 .2 .9 .9 – – – ... 45 to 64 years 3.5 ............................ .2 – – .4 – .2 .6 .2 .9 .2 .6 ... 65 years and over 1.3 ........................ – – – – – – .9 .2 .2 – – ... 1~person households 12.4 .......................... .7 .2 – .5 .6 .8 4.4 2.4 .6 1.1 1.1 138 900 Male householder 6.5 ........................... .7 – – .5 – .4 1.7 1.8 – .9 .7 151 036 Under 45 years 2.1 ........................... .3 – – – – .2 .2 .5 – .4 .5 ... 45 to 64 years 2.5 ............................ .3 – – .2 – .2 .2 1.1 – .2 .2 ... 65 years and over 2.0 ........................ – – – .2 – – 1.3 .2 – .2 – ... Female householder 5.9 ........................ – .2 – – .6 .4 2.6 .6 .6 .2 .4 130 986 Under 45 years 1.1 ........................... – – – – .2 – .4 – – – .4 ... 45 to 64 years 2.6 ............................ – .2 – – – .4 .9 .4 .6 – – ... 65 years and over 2.2 ........................ – – – – .4 – 1.4 .2 – .2 – ...

Own Never Married Children Under 18

Years Old

No own children under 18 years 29.0 ................ 1.1 .2 – 1.4 1.1 1.5 8.3 7.2 3.5 2.0 2.6 155 522 With own children under 18 years 8.6 ............... – – – .2 .2 .4 2.0 1.9 1.7 1.1 1.1 188 487 Under 6 years only 1.7 .......................... – – – – – – .2 .2 .4 .4 .5 ... 1 .9 ....................................... – – – – – – .2 .2 .2 – .2 ... 2 .9 ....................................... – – – – – – – – .2 .4 .2 ... 3 or more – ................................ ––––– – – – – – – ... 6 to 17 years only 5.6 ........................... – – – – .2 .4 1.5 1.5 1.3 – .6 170 884 1 3.3 ....................................... – – – – – – .7 1.3 .9 – .4 ... 2 1.5 ....................................... – – – – – .4 .7 – .2 – .2 ... 3 or more .9 ................................ – – – – .2 – .2 .2 .2 – – ... Both age groups 1.3 ............................ – – – .2 – – .2 .2 – .6 – ... 2 .9 ....................................... – – – – – – .2 – – .6 – ... 3 or more .4 ................................ – – – .2 – – – .2 – – – ...

Income of Families and Primary

Individuals

Less than $5,000 1.5 ............................. – – – .2 .4 – .6 .2 – – – ...

$5,000 to $9,999 2.2 ............................. – – – .2 .4 .2 .5 – .4 .2 .2 ...

$10,000 to $14,999 2.0 ........................... – – – – .2 .2 1.1 .4 – – – ...

$15,000 to $19,999 1.7 ........................... – – – – – – .8 .9 – – – ...

$20,000 to $24,999 2.3 ........................... .6 – – – – .2 .5 .7 – .4 – ...

$25,000 to $29,999 1.4 ........................... .3 – – – – – .4 .2 – .2 .2 ...

$30,000 to $34,999 1.6 ........................... – – – .4 .2 .2 .7 – – – – ...

$35,000 to $39,999 1.1 ........................... – – – – – .2 .2 .5 – .2 – ...

$40,000 to $49,999 4.9 ........................... – .2 – .7 – – 1.3 1.1 1.1 .2 .2 ...

$50,000 to $59,999 3.1 ........................... – – – – – .7 .7 1.3 .2 – .2 ...

$60,000 to $79,999 8.0 ........................... .2 – – – – .2 2.0 2.4 1.7 .7 .9 184 632

$80,000 to $99,999 2.4 ........................... – – – – – – .7 .2 1.1 .2 .2 ...

$100,000 to $119,999 2.6 ......................... – – – – – – .4 .9 .4 .4 .5 ...

$120,000 or more 2.8 ............................. – – – – – – .4 .4 .2 .4 1.3 ...

Median 50 168 ...................................... ... ... ... ... ... ... 42 267 54 641 ... ... ... ...

Monthly Housing Costs

Less than $100 – ............................... ––––– – – – – – – ...

$100 to $199 2.7 ................................. .6 – – .3 – .4 .9 .2 – .2 – ...

$200 to $249 2.0 ................................. – – – – .6 – .7 .4 .2 – – ...

$250 to $299 2.8 ................................. – – – .2 .2 .2 1.3 .4 .4 – – ...

$300 to $349 1.7 ................................. – – – – – – .8 .2 .4 .2 – ...

$350 to $399 .5 ................................. – – – – – – .2 .2 – – – ...

$400 to $449 .9 ................................. – – – – – – .2 .4 .2 – – ...

$450 to $499 1.3 ................................. – – – .2 – – – .7 .2 .2 – ...

$500 to $599 3.3 ................................. – – – .7 – .2 .7 .4 .4 .2 .6 ...

$600 to $699 3.1 ................................. .3 – – – – .4 .8 1.1 .4 – – ...

$700 to $799 2.6 ................................. – – – .2 .2 – .9 .9 – .4 – ...

$800 to $999 2.4 ................................. – .2 – – – .4 1.1 .2 .4 – – ...

$1,000 to $1,249 2.2 ............................. – – – – .2 – .9 .4 .4 .2 – ...

$1,250 to $1,499 4.0 ............................. – – – – – .2 1.3 1.7 .4 – .4 ...

$1,500 or more 8.1 ............................... .2 – – – – – .4 1.8 1.5 1.5 2.6 253 302

No cash rent ... ................................. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Median (excludes no cash rent) 720 ............... ... ... ... ... ... ... 636 749 ... ... ... ...

160 AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 5~22. Value by Selected CharacteristicsmOwner Occupied Units With Black Householder

mCon.

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Total

Less

than

$30,000

$30,000

to

$39,999

$40,000

to

$49,999

$50,000

to

$59,999

$60,000

to

$79,999

$80,000

to

$99,999

$100,000

to

$149,999

$150,000

to

$199,999

$200,000

to

$249,999

$250,000

to

$299,999

$300,000

or

more Median

Median Monthly Housing Costs for

Owners

Monthly costs including all mortgages plus

maintenance costs 784 .......................... ... ... ... ... ... ... 646 846 ... ... ... ...

Monthly costs excluding second and

subsequent mortgages and maintenance

costs 712 ...................................... ... ... ... ... ... ... 636 749 ... ... ... ...

Monthly Housing Costs as Percent of

Current Income2

Less than 5 percent 2.3 ........................... – – – .3 – – 1.3 .4 .2 – – ... 5 to 9 percent 5.5 ................................ .3 – – – – .4 .6 1.6 1.7 .4 .4 194 098 10 to 14 percent 3.7 .............................. .2 – – .2 – .2 1.1 1.1 .4 .2 .2 ... 15 to 19 percent 5.6 .............................. – – – .4 – .4 1.1 1.3 1.1 .9 .4 183 423 20 to 24 percent 3.3 .............................. – – – .2 – – 1.8 .7 – .2 .4 ... 25 to 29 percent 4.1 .............................. .3 .2 – – .2 – 1.6 1.1 .6 – – ... 30 to 34 percent 2.9 .............................. – – – – – – .7 .9 .2 .7 .5 ... 35 to 39 percent .7 .............................. .2 – – – .2 – .2 – – – – ... 40 to 49 percent 3.2 .............................. – – – – – .4 .8 .9 .2 – .9 ... 50 to 59 percent 2.4 .............................. – – – – .2 .2 .2 .7 – .7 .4 ... 60 to 69 percent .9 .............................. – – – – .2 – .2 .2 – – .2 ... 70 to 99 percent .4 .............................. – – – – – – – – .4 – – ... 100 percent or more3.......................... 1.7 – – – .2 .4 .2 .2 .2 .2 – .2 ... Zero or negative income .9 ....................... – – – .2 – – .4 .2 – – – ... No cash rent ... ................................. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Median (excludes 2 previous lines) 22 ........... ... ... ... ... ... ... 22 21 ... ... ... ... Median (excludes 3 lines before medians) 21 ..... ... ... ... ... ... ... 22 20 ... ... ... ...

Monthly Payment for Principal and

Interest

One or more regular mortgages 25.4 ................ .8 .2 – 1.4 .2 1.2 6.1 7.0 3.4 2.2 2.9 169 329

Less than $100 1.8 ............................. .6 – – .5 – – .2 .2 .2 – – ...

$100 to $199 1.1 ............................... – – – – – .2 .2 .7 – – – ...

$200 to $249 1.1 ............................... – – – – – – .2 .7 .2 – – ...

$250 to $299 1.5 ............................... – – – – – – .6 .2 .4 .2 – ...

$300 to $349 1.5 ............................... – – – .7 – .2 .2 .2 – .2 – ...

$350 to $399 1.0 ............................... – – – – – .4 .2 .2 – – .2 ...

$400 to $449 .4 ............................... – – – – – – .2 – .2 – – ...

$450 to $499 .9 ............................... – – – – – – .7 – – .2 – ...

$500 to $599 1.5 ............................... – – – .2 – .2 .2 .9 – – – ...

$600 to $699 1.3 ............................... – – – – – – .9 – .2 .2 – ...

$700 to $799 .9 ............................... – .2 – – – .2 .2 .2 – – – ...

$800 to $999 2.1 ............................... – – – – .2 – 1.1 .6 .2 – – ...

$1,000 to $1,249 5.0 ........................... – – – – – – .7 2.6 .8 – .9 ...

$1,250 to $1,499 2.8 ........................... .2 – – – – – .4 .2 .9 .9 .2 ...

$1500 or more 2.4 ............................. – – – – – – – .2 .2 .4 1.6 ...

Median 763 .................................... ... ... ... ... ... ... 625 864 ... ... ... ...

Average Monthly Cost Paid for Real

Estate Taxes

Less than $25 2.9 ................................ .9 – – .2 .2 – .9 .6 – – – ... $25 to $49 3.0 ................................... – .2 – .8 .2 .2 .9 .4 .2 – – ... $50 to $74 6.6 ................................... – – – .2 .7 .7 2.9 1.1 .6 .4 – 130 671 $75 to $99 3.4 ................................... – – – .2 – .2 1.3 .7 .4 .2 .4 ... $100 to $149 9.8 ................................. – – – .2 .2 .4 3.7 2.4 1.9 .7 .2 156 305 $150 to $199 4.7 ................................. .2 – – – – – .4 2.8 1.1 – .2 ... $200 or more 7.1 ................................. – – – – – .3 .2 1.1 .9 1.7 2.9 279 854 Median 115 ...................................... ... ... ... ... ... ... 85 136 ... ... ... ...

Purchase Price

Home purchased or built 31.9 ....................... .8 .2 – .7 1.1 1.5 8.8 8.5 4.9 2.6 2.8 167 089 Less than $10,000 1.7 .......................... .3 – – – – .2 .4 .4 – .2 – ... $10,000 to $19,999 2.6 ......................... – – – – .2 – 1.8 .4 .2 – – ...

$20,000 to $29,999 4.2 ......................... – .2 – .2 .2 .2 .9 1.5 .9 – – ...

$30,000 to $39,999 2.1 ......................... – – – – – – .6 .7 .2 .2 .4 ...

$40,000 to $49,999 1.3 ......................... – – – – – – .2 .4 .6 – – ...

$50,000 to $59,999 1.1 ......................... – – – – – – .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 ...

$60,000 to $69,999 1.5 ......................... – – – – – .8 .2 .5 – – – ...

$70,000 to $79,999 .9 ......................... – – – – – – .7 .2 – – – ...

$80,000 to $99,999 1.5 ......................... – – – – – – .9 .2 – .2 .2 ...

$100,000 to $119,999 1.7 ....................... .2 – – – – – 1.1 – .2 – .2 ...

$120,000 to $149,999 2.8 ....................... – – – – – – .9 1.1 .9 – – ...

$150,000 to $199,999 4.1 ....................... – – – – – – .2 2.2 .7 .9 .2 ...

$200,000 to $249,999 1.3 ....................... – – – – – – – – .4 .4 .4 ...

$250,000 to $299,999 .4 ....................... – – – – – – – – .2 – .2 ...

$300,000 or more .4 ........................... ––––– – – – – – .4 ...

Not reported 4.2 ............................... .2 – – .4 .7 .2 .7 .7 .4 .4 .4 ...

Median 65 920 .................................... ... ... ... ... ... ... 53 921 65 405 ... ... ... ...

Received as inheritance or gift 1.3 .................. – – – .2 – – .9 – .2 – – ... Not reported 4.3 ................................. .3 – – .8 .2 .4 .7 .7 – .4 .9 ...

1For mobile homes, oldest category is 1939 or earlier.

2Beginning with 1989 this item uses current income in its calculation, see Appendix A.

3May reflect a temporary situation, living off savings or response error.

AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998 161

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 5~23. Units in Structure by Selected CharacteristicsmOccupied Units With Black

Householder

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Multiunit

Total 1, detached 1, attached Total 2 to 4 5 to 9 10 to 19 20 to 49 50 or more

Mobile

homes

Total 111.1 ................................ 48.2 11.5 50.4 18.7 11.0 6.6 7.5 6.6 1.0

Race and Origin

White ... ....................................... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Non~Hispanic ... ............................... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Hispanic ... ................................... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Black 111.1 ........................................ 48.2 11.5 50.4 18.7 11.0 6.6 7.5 6.6 1.0

American Indian, Eskimo, and Aleut – ............. –– –––––– –

Asian and Pacific Islander – ...................... –– –––––– –

Other ... ....................................... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Total Hispanic 1.1 ................................ .4 – .7 .2 – – .2 .3 –

Cooperatives and Condominiums

Cooperatives .5 ................................. .2 .2 – – – – – – –

Condominiums 5.6 ............................... .9 2.1 2.7 .9 .5 .2 .5 .6 –

Year Structure Built1

2000 to 2004 – ................................. –– –––––– –

1995 to 1999 1.2 ................................. .9 .4 – – – – – – –

1990 to 1994 2.5 ................................. .9 .4 1.1 .2 – .4 .2 .2 –

1985 to 1989 6.6 ................................. 2.2 1.3 3.1 1.6 .4 .2 .5 .4 –

1980 to 1984 4.6 ................................. 1.5 .8 2.3 .9 .7 .2 – .4 –

1975 to 1979 7.2 ................................. 2.2 1.3 3.3 1.3 .2 .6 .4 .7 .3

1970 to 1974 9.2 ................................. 3.0 .9 4.6 1.8 .4 1.1 .9 .4 .6

1960 to 1969 18.3 ................................. 6.1 2.4 9.8 2.6 2.4 1.1 2.2 1.6 –

1950 to 1959 20.7 ................................. 8.3 1.5 10.9 3.9 2.7 .9 2.2 1.1 –

1940 to 1949 14.8 ................................. 8.8 1.5 4.5 1.7 1.7 .7 .2 .2 –

1930 to 1939 12.0 ................................. 7.0 .4 4.5 2.5 .9 .4 .2 .5 –

1920 to 1929 8.5 ................................. 4.6 .2 3.6 1.4 .9 .5 .5 .4 –

1919 or earlier 5.6 ................................ 2.8 .2 2.6 .9 .7 .2 .2 .5 –

Median 1957 ...................................... 1951 1968 1959 1958 1955 1965 1962 1963 ...

Rooms

1 room 1.5 ...................................... .2 – 1.3 – .3 – – 1.0 –

2 rooms 2.1 ..................................... .6 – 1.1 .4 .2 .3 – .2 .3

3 rooms 22.3 ..................................... 2.7 3.0 16.3 2.6 3.7 2.7 3.8 3.5 .3

4 rooms 29.7 ..................................... 5.1 5.0 19.6 8.5 4.4 2.5 3.2 1.0 –

5 rooms 25.7 ..................................... 14.0 2.0 9.3 5.2 2.0 .9 .5 .8 .3

6 rooms 15.7 ..................................... 13.0 .8 1.8 1.4 .2 .2 – – –

7 rooms 7.4 ..................................... 6.5 .4 .5 .5 – – – – –

8 rooms 5.0 ..................................... 4.5 .2 .2 – .2 – – – –

9 rooms .9 ..................................... .9 – – – – – – – –

10 rooms or more .9 ............................. .6 – .3 .3 – – – – –

Median 4.5 ...................................... 5.6 4.1 3.8 4.3 3.8 3.6 3.5 3.1 ...

Bedrooms

None 1.7 ........................................ .2 – 1.5 – .3 .2 – 1.0 –

1 25.8 ........................................... 3.3 3.2 19.0 3.5 4.6 2.8 4.5 3.7 .3

2 42.4 ........................................... 13.4 6.0 22.6 10.8 4.7 2.7 3.0 1.4 .3

3 30.9 ........................................... 21.7 1.8 7.1 4.2 1.5 .9 – .5 .3

4 or more 10.3 .................................... 9.7 .4 .2 .2 – – – – –

Median 2.2 ...................................... 2.8 1.9 1.7 2.0 1.6 1.6 1.3 1.1 ...

Complete Bathrooms

None 3.1 ........................................ 1.5 – 1.2 .4 – – – .8 .3

1 69.6 ........................................... 22.8 6.5 39.7 13.6 9.7 5.0 7.0 4.4 .7

1 and one~half 13.9 ................................ 7.8 1.3 4.7 2.3 .9 .9 .2 .4 –

2 or more 24.6 .................................... 16.0 3.7 4.8 2.4 .4 .7 .2 1.0 –

Square Footage of Unit

Single detached and mobile homes 49.2 ..... 48.2 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 1.0

Less than 500 3.0 ................................ 2.7 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .3

500 to 749 .2 ................................... .2 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... –

750 to 999 2.4 ................................... 2.4 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... –

1,000 to 1,499 9.6 ................................ 9.6 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... –

1,500 to 1,999 8.2 ................................ 8.2 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... –

2,000 to 2,499 3.1 ................................ 3.1 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... –

2,500 to 2,999 1.9 ................................ 1.9 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... –

3,000 to 3,999 .9 ................................ .9 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... –

4,000 or more 1.5 ................................ 1.5 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... –

Not reported 18.5 ................................. 17.8 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .6

Median 1 509 ...................................... 1 520 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Persons per Room

0.50 or less 73.3 .................................. 32.4 6.9 33.0 12.1 6.6 4.0 5.5 4.9 1.0

0.51 to 1.00 35.2 .................................. 14.1 4.6 16.5 5.7 4.4 2.5 2.0 1.7 –

1.01 to 1.50 2.4 .................................. 1.7 – .7 .7 – – – – –

1.51 or more .2 ................................. – – .2 .2 – – – – –

Square Feet per Person

Single detached and mobile homes 49.2 ..... 48.2 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 1.0

Less than 200 3.7 ................................ 3.3 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .3

200 to 299 2.1 ................................... 2.1 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... –

300 to 399 3.3 ................................... 3.3 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... –

400 to 499 3.9 ................................... 3.9 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... –

500 to 599 2.4 ................................... 2.4 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... –

600 to 699 3.1 ................................... 3.1 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... –

700 to 799 1.7 ................................... 1.7 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... –

800 to 899 .6 ................................... .6 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... –

900 to 999 1.6 ................................... 1.6 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... –

1,000 to 1,499 4.6 ................................ 4.6 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... –

1,500 or more 3.9 ................................ 3.9 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... –

Not reported 18.5 ................................. 17.8 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .6

Median 601 ...................................... 607 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

162 AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 5~23. Units in Structure by Selected CharacteristicsmOccupied Units With Black

HouseholdermCon.

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Multiunit

Total 1, detached 1, attached Total 2 to 4 5 to 9 10 to 19 20 to 49 50 or more

Mobile

homes

Equipment2

Lacking complete kitchen facilities 6.1 .............. .5 – 5.7 2.4 1.1 .5 .6 1.0 – With complete kitchen (sink, refrigerator, and oven

or burners) 105.0 .................................. 47.8 11.5 44.7 16.3 9.9 6.1 6.9 5.6 1.0 Kitchen sink 109.9 .................................. 48.2 11.5 49.2 18.5 11.0 6.6 7.5 5.6 1.0 Refrigerator 110.5 .................................. 48.0 11.5 50.0 18.3 11.0 6.6 7.5 6.6 1.0 Cooking stove or range 107.4 ........................ 47.1 11.5 47.8 17.6 10.5 6.6 7.5 5.6 1.0 Burners, no stove or range – ..................... –– –––––– – Microwave oven only .9 .......................... .9 – – – – – – – – Dishwasher 40.2 .................................. 18.3 7.9 13.5 4.4 2.9 1.1 1.8 3.3 .6 Washing machine 57.1 ............................. 37.9 5.4 13.1 8.3 1.7 .9 .9 1.3 .6 Clothes dryer 54.6 ................................. 35.6 5.0 13.4 7.7 2.4 .9 1.1 1.3 .6 Disposal in kitchen sink 55.1 ........................ 18.7 9.2 26.6 7.3 5.9 4.1 4.3 4.9 .6 Trash compactor 4.6 ............................. 2.0 .9 1.7 1.1 .4 – – .2 –

Air conditioning:

Central 7.7 .................................... 3.4 2.4 1.8 .9 .2 – – .7 – Additional Central .2 ........................... .2 – – – – – – – – 1 room unit 11.5 ................................ 4.0 1.7 5.2 2.0 1.6 .4 .7 .4 .6 2 room units 2.9 ............................... 1.1 .2 1.6 .9 .2 – .4 – – 3 room units or more 1.1 ........................ .9 – .2 – .2 – – – –

Main Heating Equipment

Warm~air furnace 73.4 ............................. 35.3 9.1 28.0 11.1 5.8 4.1 3.6 3.4 1.0 Steam or hot water system 3.9 ..................... 1.1 .2 2.6 – .3 .2 1.1 1.0 – Electric heat pump 1.3 ............................ .6 .2 .5 .2 – – – .2 – Built~in electric units 8.9 ........................... 3.3 .4 5.2 .9 1.7 1.1 .6 .9 – Floor, wall, or other built~in hot air units without ducts 20.8 ....................................... 7.1 1.3 12.4 6.1 2.6 .9 2.0 .9 – Room heaters with flue 1.3 ........................ .4 – .9 – .5 .3 .2 – – Room heaters without flue .2 ..................... – – .2 .2 – – – – – Portable electric heaters .4 ....................... .2 – .2 – .2 – – – – Stoves .2 ...................................... – .2 – – – – – – – Fireplaces with inserts – ......................... –– –––––– – Fireplaces without inserts – ...................... –– –––––– – Other .4 ....................................... .2 – .2 – – – – .2 – Cooking stove – ................................ –– –––––– – None .2 ........................................ – – .2 .2 – – – – –

Plumbing

With all plumbing facilities 109.4 ...................... 48.0 11.5 48.9 18.5 10.5 6.6 7.5 5.9 1.0 Lacking some or all plumbing facilities2 .......... 1.7 .2 – 1.5 .2 .5 – – .8 – No hot piped water – .......................... –– –––––– – No bathtub nor shower .8 ...................... – – .8 – – – – .8 – No flush toilet .8 .............................. – – .8 – – – – .8 –

No exclusive use .9 ........................... .2 – .7 .2 .5 – – – –

Primary Source of Water

Public system or private company 110.9 ............... 48.2 11.5 50.2 18.7 11.0 6.4 7.5 6.6 1.0

Well serving 1 to 5 units – ....................... –– –––––– –

Drilled – ..................................... –– –––––– –

Dug – ....................................... –– –––––– –

Not reported – ............................... –– –––––– –

Other .2 ....................................... – – .2 – – .2 – – –

Units Using Each Fuel2

Electricity 111.1 .................................... 48.2 11.5 50.4 18.7 11.0 6.6 7.5 6.6 1.0 Piped gas 103.7 .................................... 46.9 10.4 45.8 17.8 9.9 6.1 5.8 6.1 .6 Bottled gas .3 ................................... – – – – – – – – .3 Fuel oil 4.7 ...................................... 2.0 1.1 1.6 .5 – .5 – .7 – Kerosene or other liquid fuel .2 .................... .2 – – – – – – – – Coal or coke – ................................. –– –––––– – Wood 9.6 ....................................... 6.9 .9 1.8 1.4 .2 – .2 – – Solar energy .2 ................................. – – .2 – – – .2 – – Other .9 ....................................... .4 – .4 – – .2 .2 – –

All electric units ... ............................... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Selected Amenities2

Porch, deck, balcony, or patio 80.1 .................. 39.5 8.7 31.2 12.4 7.0 3.9 4.2 3.8 .7

Telephone available ... ........................... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Usable fireplace 35.7 .............................. 26.3 3.8 5.7 3.1 .9 .4 .4 .8 – Separate dining room 29.3 ......................... 21.4 2.6 5.3 2.9 .9 .7 .7 .2 – With 2 or more living rooms or recreation rooms,

etc. 20.0 ........................................ 16.5 1.0 2.2 1.7 .4 – – – .3 Garage or carport included with home 75.5 ........... 37.7 9.5 27.6 10.6 4.6 3.8 4.9 3.7 .7 Not included 35.2 ................................. 10.3 2.0 22.6 7.9 6.4 2.8 2.6 2.9 .3 Offstreet parking included 24.1 .................... 7.9 1.7 14.1 5.3 4.6 1.4 1.6 1.3 .3 Offstreet parking not reported .2 ................ – – .2 .2 – – – – – Garage or carport not reported .4 ................. .2 – .2 .2 – – – – –

Selected Deficiencies2

Signs of rats in last 3 months 2.0 ................... 1.1 – .9 .2 – .4 .2 – –

Signs of mice in last 3 months 7.5 .................. 3.9 – 3.6 2.0 – .7 .9 – –

Signs of rodents, not sure which kind in last 3

months 1.0 ..................................... .4 – .6 .2 .2 – .2 – –

Holes in floors 2.4 ................................ .9 .4 1.1 .7 .2 .2 – – –

Open cracks or holes (interior) 14.2 .................. 6.4 1.3 6.5 2.6 1.5 1.1 .9 .4 –

Broken plaster or peeling paint (interior) 8.7 ......... 2.8 .6 5.3 2.0 1.0 .5 1.1 .7 –

No electrical wiring – ............................ –– –––––– –

Exposed wiring 1.1 ............................... .2 .2 .7 .5 – – .2 – –

Rooms without electric outlets 4.5 .................. 1.1 .2 3.2 1.2 .2 1.1 .7 – –

AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998 163

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 5~23. Units in Structure by Selected CharacteristicsmOccupied Units With Black

HouseholdermCon.

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Multiunit

Total 1, detached 1, attached Total 2 to 4 5 to 9 10 to 19 20 to 49 50 or more

Mobile

homes

Selected Physical Problems

Severe physical problems2 ..................... 4.1 .4 .2 3.4 1.1 .7 .2 .6 .8 –

Plumbing 1.9 .................................. .4 – 1.5 .2 .5 – – .8 –

Heating 2.4 .................................... .4 .2 1.7 .9 .2 – .6 – –

Electric – .................................... –– –––––– –

Upkeep .2 .................................... – – .2 – – .2 – – –

Hallways – ................................... –– –––––– –

Moderate physical problems2................... 8.8 2.2 .4 6.2 2.9 1.1 .9 1.1 .3 –

Plumbing .2 .................................. – .2 – – – – – – –

Heating – .................................... –– –––––– –

Upkeep 4.2 .................................... 1.7 .2 2.2 .9 .4 .2 .7 – –

Hallways .6 ................................... – – .6 .2 .2 .2 – – –

Kitchen 4.7 .................................... .5 – 4.2 2.2 .7 .5 .6 .3 –

Persons

1 person 39.8 ..................................... 13.6 4.7 20.8 5.5 3.5 2.7 4.4 4.7 .7 2 persons 31.5 .................................... 12.8 2.4 16.0 6.3 4.6 1.8 1.8 1.5 .3 3 persons 18.6 .................................... 8.7 2.9 7.0 3.5 1.5 1.1 .6 .2 – 4 persons 13.0 .................................... 6.9 1.3 4.8 2.1 1.1 .7 .7 .2 – 5 persons 3.9 .................................... 3.0 .2 .7 .5 .2 – – – – 6 persons 3.3 .................................... 2.4 – .9 .7 – .2 – – – 7 persons or more 1.1 ............................ .9 – .2 .2 – – – – – Median 2.0 ...................................... 2.3 1.9 1.8 2.1 1.9 1.8 1.5~ 1.5~ ...

Persons 65 Years Old and Over

None 91.0 ........................................ 35.5 10.4 44.2 15.9 9.6 6.3 7.3 5.0 1.0

1 person 17.7 ..................................... 11.0 .9 5.8 2.4 1.4 .2 .2 1.6 –

2 persons or more 2.4 ............................ 1.7 .3 .5 .5 – – – – –

Age of Householder

Under 25 years 10.9 ............................... 3.3 .6 6.4 2.6 1.1 .4 2.3 – .6 25 to 29 7.6 ..................................... 1.5 1.1 5.0 2.3 .7 .2 1.1 .7 – 30 to 34 13.0 ..................................... 3.5 1.7 7.8 1.5 2.0 1.6 1.3 1.5 – 35 to 44 26.3 ..................................... 10.7 4.7 10.8 3.5 3.7 2.0 .9 .7 – 45 to 54 23.5 ..................................... 10.9 1.6 11.1 5.0 1.5 1.6 1.3 1.7 – 55 to 64 13.4 ..................................... 8.2 1.1 3.7 1.3 .9 .5 .5 .5 .3 65 to 74 9.8 ..................................... 5.5 .2 4.0 1.7 1.2 – .2 .9 – 75 years and over 6.7 ............................ 4.6 .5 1.6 .7 – .2 – .7 – Median 44 ...................................... 50 40 41 43 40 40 32 48 ...

Household Composition by Age of

Householder

2~or~more person households 71.4 .................. 34.7 6.8 29.6 13.3 7.5 3.8 3.1 1.9 .3

Married~couple families, no nonrelatives 25.4 ....... 16.4 2.2 6.5 2.9 1.1 .9 .2 1.3 .3

Under 25 years 1.6 ........................... .9 – .4 – – .2 .2 – .3

25 to 29 years 1.4 ............................ .4 – 1.0 .7 – – – .3 –

30 to 34 years 4.3 ............................ 1.7 .7 2.0 .7 .5 .2 – .6 –

35 to 44 years 7.2 ............................ 5.2 .7 1.3 .7 .4 .2 – – –

45 to 64 years 7.9 ............................ 5.9 .7 1.3 .4 .2 .2 – .4 –

65 years and over 2.9 ........................ 2.2 .3 .5 .5 – – – – –

Other male householder 12.8 ..................... 5.0 1.1 6.7 2.7 1.8 1.3 .9 – –

Under 45 years 7.3 ........................... 2.2 .9 4.3 .9 1.6 1.1 .7 – –

45 to 64 years 3.7 ............................ 1.5 .2 2.0 1.5 – .2 .2 – –

65 years and over 1.8 ........................ 1.3 – .5 .2 .3 – – – –

Other female householder 33.2 ................... 13.3 3.5 16.4 7.7 4.5 1.6 2.0 .6 –

Under 45 years 18.5 ........................... 5.3 3.0 10.3 3.5 3.3 1.4 1.7 .4 –

45 to 64 years 11.8 ............................ 6.7 .5 4.7 3.1 .9 .3 .2 .2 –

65 years and over 2.8 ........................ 1.3 – 1.5 1.1 .4 – – – –

1~person households 39.8 .......................... 13.6 4.7 20.8 5.5 3.5 2.7 4.4 4.7 .7

Male householder 17.8 ........................... 7.0 1.5 8.7 2.4 1.6 1.2 2.0 1.5 .7

Under 45 years 7.8 ........................... 2.2 1.0 4.2 1.3 .7 .2 1.6 .4 .3

45 to 64 years 6.9 ............................ 2.3 .5 3.8 .6 .7 1.0 .4 1.0 .3

65 years and over 3.1 ........................ 2.4 – .7 .4 .3 – – – –

Female householder 22.0 ........................ 6.6 3.3 12.1 3.1 1.9 1.5 2.4 3.2 –

Under 45 years 9.6 ........................... 1.1 1.9 6.5 2.2 1.1 .9 1.3 1.1 –

45 to 64 years 6.5 ............................ 2.6 .9 3.1 .7 .6 .4 .9 .5 –

65 years and over 5.8 ........................ 2.9 .5 2.5 .2 .2 .2 .2 1.6 –

Household Income

Less than $5,000 8.8 ............................. 3.9 .9 4.0 1.1 .4 .9 .4 1.2 –

$5,000 to $9,999 12.3 ............................. 4.6 .6 7.0 3.1 1.4 .7 .9 .9 –

$10,000 to $14,999 9.3 ........................... 3.1 .4 5.8 2.0 2.0 .4 1.2 .3 –

$15,000 to $19,999 8.2 ........................... 2.4 1.1 4.7 1.1 2.0 .2 .9 .5 –

$20,000 to $24,999 6.7 ........................... 1.5 .2 4.6 2.6 .4 .7 .6 .2 .3

$25,000 to $29,999 9.8 ........................... 3.1 1.3 5.1 1.3 .8 .3 2.0 .8 .3

$30,000 to $34,999 6.4 ........................... 2.3 1.5 2.6 1.3 .4 .5 .2 .2 –

$35,000 to $39,999 4.8 ........................... 1.1 .7 3.0 1.3 .4 .2 .4 .7 –

$40,000 to $49,999 10.0 ........................... 4.6 .9 4.2 1.7 .9 .6 .2 .7 .3

$50,000 to $59,999 7.8 ........................... 4.2 .9 2.7 .7 1.1 .7 – .2 –

$60,000 to $79,999 14.3 ........................... 8.5 1.9 3.9 1.8 .8 .6 .4 .2 –

$80,000 to $99,999 5.0 ........................... 3.0 .4 1.5 .5 .2 – – .8 –

$100,000 to $119,999 3.3 ......................... 2.8 .2 .3 – – .3 – – –

$120,000 or more 4.5 ............................. 3.2 .4 .9 .2 – .4 .2 – –

Median 30 329 ...................................... 44 798 34 077 23 920 23 800 19 216 31 095 23 409 26 522 ...

As percent of poverty level:

Less than 50 percent 11.3 .......................... 4.8 1.3 5.2 2.0 .9 .9 .2 1.2 –

50 to 99 12.0 ..................................... 4.1 .4 7.4 3.1 1.4 1.1 1.1 .7 –

100 to 149 9.6 ................................... 3.3 .4 5.9 2.2 2.0 – 1.1 .5 –

150 to 199 9.0 ................................... 3.5 .7 4.8 .9 1.1 .7 1.6 .5 –

200 percent or more 69.2 .......................... 32.4 8.6 27.2 10.5 5.6 3.8 3.5 3.8 1.0

164 AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 5~23. Units in Structure by Selected CharacteristicsmOccupied Units With Black

HouseholdermCon.

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Multiunit

Total 1, detached 1, attached Total 2 to 4 5 to 9 10 to 19 20 to 49 50 or more

Mobile

homes

Income of Families and Primary

Individuals

Less than $5,000 9.5 ............................. 4.2 .9 4.5 1.1 .4 .9 .9 1.2 –

$5,000 to $9,999 12.3 ............................. 4.6 .6 7.0 3.1 1.4 .7 .9 .9 –

$10,000 to $14,999 10.4 ........................... 3.3 .7 6.4 2.2 2.2 .4 1.2 .5 –

$15,000 to $19,999 8.6 ........................... 2.4 1.1 5.1 1.3 2.2 .2 .9 .5 –

$20,000 to $24,999 7.4 ........................... 2.0 .2 4.9 2.6 .4 .7 .9 .2 .3

$25,000 to $29,999 9.8 ........................... 3.1 1.3 5.1 1.3 1.3 .3 1.5 .8 .3

$30,000 to $34,999 7.2 ........................... 2.9 1.5 2.8 1.3 .6 .5 .2 .2 –

$35,000 to $39,999 3.9 ........................... .8 .5 2.6 1.1 .4 .2 .4 .4 –

$40,000 to $49,999 9.5 ........................... 4.3 1.1 3.8 1.7 .7 .6 – .7 .3

$50,000 to $59,999 7.3 ........................... 4.0 .9 2.5 .9 .5 .9 – .2 –

$60,000 to $79,999 14.3 ........................... 8.9 1.7 3.7 1.6 .9 .4 .4 .4 –

$80,000 to $99,999 3.4 ........................... 2.1 .4 .8 .2 – – – .6 –

$100,000 to $119,999 3.5 ......................... 2.6 .2 .7 – – .5 .2 – –

$120,000 or more 3.9 ............................. 3.0 .4 .5 .2 – .2 – – –

Median 28 771 ...................................... 41 985 33 340 22 218 23 095 18 349 31 095 19 776 25 156 ...

Monthly Housing Costs

Less than $100 .5 ............................... – .2 .2 .2 – – – – –

$100 to $199 7.0 ................................. 2.3 .2 3.9 .9 1.3 .7 .2 .7 .6

$200 to $249 3.4 ................................. 2.0 .5 .9 .3 – .2 .2 .2 –

$250 to $299 5.7 ................................. 3.5 – 2.2 .6 .9 – .2 .4 –

$300 to $349 3.5 ................................. 1.3 .4 1.8 1.3 – .5 – – –

$350 to $399 3.8 ................................. 1.1 .2 2.5 1.6 .4 .2 – .3 –

$400 to $449 2.2 ................................. 1.3 .2 .7 – .5 .2 – – –

$450 to $499 4.1 ................................. 1.3 .4 2.4 .4 .2 .7 .9 .2 –

$500 to $599 12.6 ................................. 4.8 .7 7.2 1.3 1.9 .4 2.2 1.2 –

$600 to $699 14.5 ................................. 3.8 2.3 8.0 3.5 2.2 1.3 .5 .5 .3

$700 to $799 11.2 ................................. 5.1 .9 5.2 2.2 .4 .9 1.3 .4 –

$800 to $999 17.6 ................................. 4.6 3.3 9.7 4.0 2.4 .9 1.5 .9 –

$1,000 to $1,249 7.2 ............................. 3.9 .4 2.9 1.4 .5 .4 .2 .4 –

$1,250 to $1,499 6.6 ............................. 4.7 .7 1.3 .2 .2 – – .8 –

$1,500 or more 8.5 ............................... 6.8 1.1 .7 .4 – – – .2 –

No cash rent 2.7 ................................. 1.8 – .9 .4 – – .2 .3 –

Median (excludes no cash rent) 679 ............... 736 769 638 674 609 621 594 618 ...

Monthly Housing Costs as Percent of

Current Income3

Less than 5 percent 2.5 ........................... 1.7 .5 – – – – – – .3 5 to 9 percent 9.3 ................................ 5.9 .4 2.6 1.1 .4 .7 .4 – .3 10 to 14 percent 7.9 .............................. 3.7 – 4.2 1.8 1.1 .9 .2 .2 – 15 to 19 percent 13.5 .............................. 6.4 1.4 5.6 2.4 .9 .9 .2 1.1 – 20 to 24 percent 11.5 .............................. 4.6 2.5 4.4 1.5 1.1 .6 .4 .7 – 25 to 29 percent 12.4 .............................. 4.2 1.5 6.4 1.6 1.1 1.1 1.5 1.1 .3 30 to 34 percent 12.0 .............................. 4.0 1.5 6.5 2.6 1.6 .7 .6 1.0 – 35 to 39 percent 4.9 .............................. 1.6 .7 2.6 1.1 .9 – .7 – – 40 to 49 percent 9.5 .............................. 3.6 .5 5.4 1.8 1.7 .4 .7 .7 – 50 to 59 percent 6.2 .............................. 2.8 .5 3.0 .9 1.2 .2 .4 .3 – 60 to 69 percent 4.0 .............................. 1.6 .9 1.5 .8 – – .5 .2 – 70 to 99 percent 3.1 .............................. 1.5 – 1.6 .7 .2 – .4 .2 – 100 percent or more4.......................... 9.2 3.2 1.1 4.8 2.0 .9 .6 .9 .4 – Zero or negative income 2.6 ....................... 1.5 .2 .8 – – .2 .2 .4 – No cash rent 2.7 ................................. 1.8 – .9 .4 – – .2 .3 – Median (excludes 2 previous lines) 28 ........... 25 28 31 31 33 25 36 29 ... Median (excludes 3 lines before medians) 26 ..... 23 26 29 29 32 22 32 28 ...

1For mobile homes, oldest category is 1939 or earlier.

2Figures may not add to total because more than one category may apply to a unit.

3Beginning with 1989 this item uses current income in its calculation, see Appendix A.

4May reflect a temporary situation, living off savings or response error.

AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998 165

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 6~1. Introductory CharacteristicsmOccupied Units With Hispanic Householder

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Tenure Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Selected subareas1

Physical problems

Total

occupied

units Owner Renter

New

con~

struction

4 years

Mobile

homes Severe Moderate

Elderly

(65 years

and over)

Moved in

past year

Below

poverty

level Area one Area two Area three

Total 106.3 ................................ 47.3 59.0 1.3 3.2 3.2 5.0 11.0 24.5 18.8 19.5 49.9 36.9

Tenure

Owner occupied 47.3 .............................. 47.3 ... 1.1 1.9 .4 .7 8.6 5.3 4.6 5.4 24.1 17.9

Percent of all occupied 44.5 ...................... 100.0 ... 83.2 60.7 12.9 13.4 78.4 21.8 24.2 27.4 48.3 48.3

Renter occupied 59.0 .............................. ... 59.0 .2 1.2 2.8 4.3 2.4 19.1 14.2 14.2 25.8 19.1

Race and Origin

White 46.1 ....................................... 22.1 24.0 .2 .9 1.3 1.5 6.1 10.6 8.6 10.7 23.2 12.3

Non~Hispanic ... ............................... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Hispanic 46.1 ................................... 22.1 24.0 .2 .9 1.3 1.5 6.1 10.6 8.6 10.7 23.2 12.3

Black 1.1 ........................................ .4 .7 – – – .2 – .3 .2 .4 .5 .2

American Indian, Eskimo, and Aleut .4 ............. – .4 – – – – – .2 – – – .4

Asian and Pacific Islander 2.4 ...................... 1.2 1.2 .2 .7 – – .8 .4 .2 .2 1.6 .6

Other 56.3 ....................................... 23.6 32.7 .9 1.5 1.9 3.2 4.2 12.9 9.8 8.2 24.6 23.4

Total Hispanic 106.3 ................................ 47.3 59.0 1.3 3.2 3.2 5.0 11.0 24.5 18.8 19.5 49.9 36.9

Units in Structure

1, detached 61.5 .................................. 40.6 20.9 1.1 ... 1.6 1.8 7.6 10.0 8.0 8.7 29.4 23.4

1, attached 9.0 ................................... 3.0 6.0 .2 ... – – .5 3.0 1.7 .2 5.1 3.7

2 to 4 13.4 ....................................... 1.1 12.2 – ... .7 2.0 .4 3.8 3.1 5.3 4.7 3.4

5 to 9 7.1 ....................................... .4 6.6 – ... .2 .4 .2 2.9 2.3 1.9 3.1 2.1

10 to 19 4.2 ..................................... .2 4.0 – ... .2 – .5 1.5 .9 .7 1.5 2.0

20 to 49 5.4 ..................................... – 5.4 – ... .3 .5 .2 1.8 1.6 2.3 2.8 .2

50 or more 2.6 ................................... – 2.6 – ... .2 – – 1.1 .9 .4 1.1 1.2

Mobile home or trailer 3.2 ......................... 1.9 1.2 – 3.2 – .3 1.6 .3 .3 – 2.2 .9

Cooperatives and Condominiums

Cooperatives .4 ................................. .2 .2 – – – – – .2 – – .2 .2

Condominiums 6.8 ............................... 3.4 3.4 .2 – .5 .2 – 1.9 .4 .2 4.6 2.0

Year Structure Built2

2000 to 2004 – ................................. –– – – – –––––– –

1995 to 1999 1.3 ................................. 1.1 .2 1.3 – – – – .6 .2 .2 .6 .4

1990 to 1994 4.4 ................................. 3.4 1.0 – .3 – .2 – 1.2 1.0 .2 2.0 2.1

1985 to 1989 6.7 ................................. 3.3 3.4 ... .3 – .4 .6 1.4 1.6 .7 3.4 2.6

1980 to 1984 3.2 ................................. 1.3 1.9 ... – .2 – – .7 .2 – 1.3 1.9

1975 to 1979 7.7 ................................. 3.1 4.6 ... 1.2 – .3 .7 1.8 .8 .2 2.7 4.7

1970 to 1974 9.5 ................................. 3.6 5.9 ... .4 .5 .2 .6 2.3 1.0 .9 5.6 3.0

1960 to 1969 22.9 ................................. 9.5 13.4 ... .7 .6 .7 2.1 4.6 2.7 3.2 12.7 6.9

1950 to 1959 22.0 ................................. 11.0 11.0 ... – .7 .4 4.2 4.6 3.9 2.7 11.5 7.8

1940 to 1949 10.2 ................................. 5.3 4.9 ... .3 .7 .8 1.4 2.0 2.7 2.2 4.1 3.8

1930 to 1939 10.6 ................................. 2.7 7.9 ... – .6 1.3 .7 3.5 3.3 5.0 2.4 3.1

1920 to 1929 4.5 ................................. 2.4 2.0 ... – – .2 .7 .7 .5 1.8 2.2 .4

1919 or earlier 3.6 ................................ .7 2.9 ... – – .2 .2 1.1 1.1 2.3 1.3 –

Median 1961 ...................................... 1962 1961 ... ... ... ... 1956 1961 1955 1943 1963 1965

1See back cover for details.

2For mobile homes, oldest category is 1939 or earlier.

166 AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 6~2. Height and Condition of BuildingmOccupied Units With Hispanic Householder

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Tenure Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Selected subareas1

Physical problems

Total

occupied

units Owner Renter

New

con~

struction

4 years

Mobile

homes Severe Moderate

Elderly

(65 years

and over)

Moved in

past year

Below

poverty

level Area one Area two Area three

Total 106.3 ................................ 47.3 59.0 1.3 3.2 3.2 5.0 11.0 24.5 18.8 19.5 49.9 36.9

Stories in Structure2

1 58.9 ........................................... 32.0 26.9 .2 ... 1.2 1.8 7.3 11.3 8.5 5.7 28.5 24.6

2 33.4 ........................................... 10.5 22.9 .9 ... 1.8 2.2 1.3 9.0 7.3 7.7 15.9 9.8

3 8.9 ........................................... 2.4 6.5 .2 ... – .7 .7 3.9 2.5 4.6 3.0 1.3

4 to 6 2.0 ....................................... .4 1.5 – ... .2 – .2 – .2 1.5 .2 .2

7 or more – .................................... – – – ... – – – – – – – –

Stories Between Main and Apartment

Entrances

Multiunits, 2 or more floors 27.7 ............. 1.6 26.1 – ... 1.6 2.2 .9 9.5 7.7 9.7 10.6 7.4

None (on same floor) 12.2 .......................... 1.1 11.1 – ... .9 .8 .2 4.3 3.0 3.7 5.0 3.5

1 (up or down) 9.3 ................................ .4 8.9 – ... .4 1.0 .4 2.7 2.7 3.3 3.6 2.4

2 or more (up or down) 6.1 ........................ – 6.1 – ... .3 .4 .2 2.5 2.0 2.7 1.9 1.5

Common Stairways

Multiunits, 2 or more floors 27.7 ............. 1.6 26.1 – ... 1.6 2.2 .9 9.5 7.7 9.7 10.6 7.4

No common stairways 3.5 ......................... .2 3.3 – ... – .5 .2 1.1 .9 1.5 1.1 .9

With common stairways 22.8 ....................... .9 21.9 – ... 1.6 1.5 .7 8.4 6.6 7.1 9.2 6.5

No loose steps 19.8 ............................. .9 18.9 – ... 1.2 1.3 .7 7.3 5.8 5.8 8.3 5.7

Railings not loose 16.0 ......................... .9 15.1 – ... .9 .7 .7 6.2 4.4 4.6 6.8 4.6

Railings loose 2.6 ............................ – 2.6 – ... .3 .2 – .9 .7 .7 .9 1.1

No railings 1.2 ............................... – 1.2 – ... – .4 – .3 .7 .5 .7 –

Status of railings not reported – .............. – – – ... – – – – – – – –

Loose steps 3.0 ................................ – 3.0 – ... .4 .2 – 1.1 .8 1.3 .9 .8

Railings not loose 1.5 ......................... – 1.5 – ... – – – .7 .4 1.1 .4 –

Railings loose .8 ............................ – .8 – ... .2 .2 – .2 .2 .2 .2 .4

No railings .4 ............................... – .4 – ... – – – .2 .2 – .2 .2

Status of railings not reported .2 .............. – .2 – ... .2 – – – – – – .2

Status of stairways not reported 1.3 ................ .4 .9 – ... – .2 – – .2 1.1 .2 –

Light Fixtures in Public Halls

2 or more units in structure 32.6 ............. 1.8 30.8 – ... 1.6 2.9 1.3 11.2 8.8 10.6 13.2 8.8 No public halls 7.2 ................................ .2 7.0 – ... .2 .9 .2 2.6 1.7 3.3 2.2 1.7 No light fixtures in public halls .6 .................. – .6 – ... – .2 – .2 .2 – .2 .4 All in working order 19.1 ............................ .9 18.2 – ... 1.2 .9 1.1 6.9 5.1 5.3 8.8 5.0 Some in working order 1.5 ......................... – 1.5 – ... – .2 – .4 .9 .2 .6 .7

None in working order 1.9 ......................... .2 1.7 – ... .2 .2 – .7 .2 .4 .7 .8

Not reported 2.2 ................................. .4 1.8 – ... – .5 – .4 .7 1.3 .7 .2

Elevator on Floor

Multiunits, 2 or more floors 27.7 ............. 1.6 26.1 – ... 1.6 2.2 .9 9.5 7.7 9.7 10.6 7.4

With 1 or more elevators working 3.4 ............... – 3.4 – ... .2 – .2 1.4 .7 1.1 1.2 1.1

With elevator, none in working condition – ......... – – – ... – – – – – – – –

No elevator 24.2 .................................. 1.6 22.6 – ... 1.4 2.2 .6 8.1 7.0 8.5 9.4 6.3

Units 3 or more floors from main entrance – ...... – – – ... – – – – – – – –

Foundation

1 unit bldg. excl. mobile homes 70.5 ......... 43.6 26.9 1.3 ... 1.6 1.8 8.1 12.9 9.7 9.0 34.5 27.1 With basement under all of building 4.3 ............. 2.4 1.9 – ... .2 .2 .4 .7 .2 2.3 1.1 .9 With basement under part of building 3.3 ............ 2.2 1.1 – ... – .2 .2 .2 .7 1.1 1.8 .4 With crawl space 35.0 ............................. 24.4 10.7 .2 ... .4 .4 4.6 5.3 3.9 4.2 17.8 13.0 On concrete slab 25.4 ............................. 14.1 11.2 1.1 ... .6 .9 2.6 6.1 4.2 .9 12.9 11.6 Other 2.5 ....................................... .4 2.1 – ... .4 – .2 .6 .7 .4 .9 1.2

External Building Conditions3

Sagging roof 3.5 ................................. .6 2.9 – .3 .4 1.2 – .8 .4 .9 1.1 1.5

Missing roofing material 5.4 ....................... 1.7 3.7 – – .8 .7 .4 .7 .8 1.8 1.1 2.5

Hole in roof 4.1 .................................. 1.3 2.8 – – .2 1.3 .2 .8 1.0 .9 1.7 1.5

Missing bricks, siding, other outside wall material 5.2 . .9 4.3 – – 1.0 .4 – .9 .9 1.4 1.3 2.5

Sloping outside walls 4.1 .......................... 1.0 3.1 – .3 .6 .4 – .2 .4 .5 1.0 2.6

Boarded up windows 2.7 .......................... .4 2.3 – .3 .4 1.1 .2 .9 .7 1.2 .2 1.3

Broken windows 8.5 .............................. 2.5 6.0 – .7 .8 1.2 .4 1.8 .7 2.9 2.8 2.8

Bars on windows 11.0 ............................. 4.0 7.0 – – .7 1.2 1.4 2.5 2.3 7.7 2.0 1.3 Foundation crumbling or has open crack or hole 4.0 .. .9 3.1 – – .6 .7 .4 .7 .5 1.8 1.1 1.1 None of the above 66.8 ............................ 34.5 32.2 1.3 1.9 .8 1.1 8.6 15.2 10.7 6.6 36.9 23.3 Not reported 4.8 ................................. 2.8 2.0 – – – .2 – 1.0 1.3 1.1 1.1 2.6

Site Placement

Mobile homes 3.2 ........................ 1.9 1.2 – 3.2 – .3 1.6 .3 .3 – 2.2 .9

First site 2.2 ..................................... 1.3 .9 – 2.2 – .3 1.6 .3 .3 – 1.6 .6

Moved from another site – ....................... –– – – – –––––– –

Don’t know 1.0 ................................... .6 .3 – 1.0 – – – – – – .6 .3

Not reported – ................................. –– – – – –––––– –

Previous Occupancy

Unit built 1990 or later 5.6 ................. 4.5 1.2 1.3 .3 – .2 – 1.8 1.2 .5 2.7 2.5 Not previously occupied 2.4 ....................... 2.1 .2 1.3 – – – – .6 .4 .2 .9 1.3 Not reported 1.5 ................................. 1.2 .3 – – – .2 – .4 .6 .2 .3 1.0

1See back cover for details.

2Figures exclude mobile homes.

3Figures may not add to total because more than one category may apply to a unit.

AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998 167

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 6~3. Size of Unit and LotmOccupied Units With Hispanic Householder

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Tenure Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Selected subareas1

Physical problems

Total

occupied

units Owner Renter

New

con~

struction

4 years

Mobile

homes Severe Moderate

Elderly

(65 years

and over)

Moved in

past year

Below

poverty

level Area one Area two Area three

Total 106.3 ................................ 47.3 59.0 1.3 3.2 3.2 5.0 11.0 24.5 18.8 19.5 49.9 36.9

Rooms

1 room – ...................................... –– – – – –––––– –

2 rooms 1.5 ..................................... – 1.5 – .3 – – .3 1.0 1.0 .8 .5 .3

3 rooms 15.5 ..................................... – 15.5 – .6 1.1 1.2 .7 5.2 3.4 6.1 6.1 3.4

4 rooms 26.6 ..................................... 5.9 20.6 – 1.6 .8 1.1 2.2 7.0 5.6 3.9 12.4 10.2

5 rooms 27.7 ..................................... 14.9 12.8 .2 .3 .4 1.3 2.2 6.0 3.5 2.6 14.6 10.5

6 rooms 18.0 ..................................... 13.3 4.7 .4 .3 .9 .7 4.0 2.4 2.9 3.6 8.7 5.7

7 rooms 10.7 ..................................... 7.9 2.8 .2 – – .5 .4 1.7 1.3 1.3 4.9 4.4

8 rooms 3.8 ..................................... 3.2 .6 .4 – – – .7 .8 .7 .2 1.9 1.7

9 rooms 2.1 ..................................... 1.9 .2 – – – – .4 .4 .4 .7 .6 .8

10 rooms or more .5 ............................. .2 .2 – – – .2 – – – .2 .2 –

Median 4.8 ...................................... 5.7 4.1 ... ... ... ... 5.5 4.4 4.4 4.2 4.9 4.9

Rooms Used for Business2

Business only

1 or more rooms with direct access ... ........... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

1 or more rooms, no direct access ... ............ ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Business and other use

1 or more rooms ... ............................ ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Not reported ... ............................... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Bedrooms

None .3 ........................................ – .3 – .3 – – .3 – .3 – – .3 1 17.0 ........................................... .5 16.5 – 1.0 .9 1.2 1.0 5.4 4.2 6.8 6.9 3.4 2 34.7 ........................................... 8.9 25.8 – 1.3 1.7 1.7 2.9 9.5 7.3 6.0 15.9 12.7 3 41.8 ........................................... 27.9 13.9 .4 .6 .6 1.5 5.4 7.7 5.3 5.4 21.8 14.6 4 or more 12.6 .................................... 10.0 2.6 .9 – – .5 1.5 1.9 1.7 1.3 5.3 5.9 Median 2.5 ...................................... 3.0 2.0 ... ... ... ... 2.8 2.2 2.2 2.0 2.6 2.6

Complete Bathrooms

None .4 ........................................ .2 .2 – – .2 – – .2 .2 – .2 .2

1 55.2 ........................................... 13.5 41.7 – 1.3 2.8 2.7 4.8 14.2 11.9 15.3 22.9 17.0

1 and one~half 11.8 ................................ 5.7 6.2 – .6 – .4 1.7 1.6 2.8 .7 6.9 4.3

2 or more 38.9 .................................... 27.9 11.0 1.3 1.3 .2 1.8 4.6 8.4 3.8 3.6 19.9 15.4

Square Footage of Unit

Single detached and mobile homes 64.7 ..... 42.5 22.2 1.1 3.2 1.6 2.1 9.2 10.3 8.3 8.7 31.6 24.3

Less than 500 1.6 ................................ .8 .8 – 1.0 .2 – .3 .2 .5 .2 .5 .9

500 to 749 1.3 ................................... .2 1.1 – .3 .2 – .3 .2 .2 – .5 .8

750 to 999 3.4 ................................... 1.4 2.0 – .4 – .2 .4 1.1 .5 .2 2.5 .7 1,000 to 1,499 17.7 ................................ 11.1 6.6 .2 .6 .4 .5 2.5 2.9 1.7 1.6 8.3 7.8 1,500 to 1,999 12.2 ................................ 9.6 2.7 – – .2 .4 1.7 1.9 .8 .9 6.9 4.4 2,000 to 2,499 4.9 ................................ 4.3 .6 .4 – – – .9 .4 .4 .5 3.0 1.5 2,500 to 2,999 2.2 ................................ 1.5 .7 – – – .2 .2 .4 – – .9 1.3 3,000 to 3,999 1.5 ................................ 1.3 .2 .4 – – – – .4 .7 .7 .2 .6 4,000 or more .5 ................................ .2 .2 – – .2 .2 – – – .2 – .2 Not reported 19.4 ................................. 12.1 7.2 – .9 .4 .5 3.0 2.6 3.5 4.4 8.7 6.2 Median 1 460 ...................................... 1 586 1 268 ... ... ... ... 1 435 1 394 1 358 1 552 1 475 1 430

Lot Size3

Less than one~eighth acre 21.2 ..................... 13.1 8.1 .9 2.9 .4 1.2 3.6 3.1 2.6 1.3 13.0 6.9

One~eighth up to one~quarter acre 31.5 .............. 21.2 10.2 .2 .3 .8 .5 3.8 4.0 3.9 4.9 13.9 12.7

One~quarter up to one~half acre 10.9 ................. 5.5 5.4 – – .4 – 1.3 3.3 2.0 2.5 3.3 5.1

One~half up to one acre 3.2 ........................ 1.1 2.0 – – – .2 .4 .7 .9 – 1.8 1.3

1 up to 5 acres 1.5 ............................... 1.1 .4 – – – – .4 .4 .4 .2 .4 .9

5 up to 10 acres .2 .............................. .2 – – – – – – – – – .2 –

10 acres or more .9 ............................. .5 .4 – – – – .2 .2 .2 – .5 .4

Median .18 ...................................... .18 .19 ... ... ... ... .17 .21 .20 .21 .16 .19

Persons per Room

0.50 or less 41.9 .................................. 24.3 17.6 .9 1.9 .2 1.3 8.9 9.8 6.9 6.5 22.2 13.1 0.51 to 1.00 50.5 .................................. 19.7 30.8 .4 1.2 1.9 2.3 2.1 11.3 7.9 8.4 23.7 18.4 1.01 to 1.50 11.8 .................................. 2.9 8.9 – – 1.1 1.1 – 2.5 3.0 3.3 3.5 4.9 1.51 or more 2.2 ................................. .4 1.7 – – – .3 – 1.0 1.0 1.2 .5 .5

Persons per Bedroom

0.50 or less 11.0 .................................. 8.2 2.8 .4 1.3 .2 .2 3.2 2.2 2.1 1.1 6.3 3.6 0.51 to 1.00 35.0 .................................. 17.6 17.3 .6 .9 – 1.4 5.8 8.9 5.2 5.5 18.2 11.3 1.01 to 1.50 22.2 .................................. 12.9 9.4 .2 .3 .4 1.0 1.1 3.9 2.9 2.5 10.9 8.8 1.51 or more 37.8 ................................. 8.5 29.3 – .3 2.6 2.4 .6 9.4 8.3 10.4 14.5 12.9

No bedrooms .3 ................................. – .3 – .3 – – .3 – .3 – – .3

Square Feet per Person

Single detached and mobile homes 64.7 ..... 42.5 22.2 1.1 3.2 1.6 2.1 9.2 10.3 8.3 8.7 31.6 24.3

Less than 200 3.8 ................................ 1.2 2.6 – 1.0 .4 – .3 .7 .9 .7 1.7 1.5

200 to 299 5.9 ................................... 3.2 2.7 – – .4 .2 .4 .4 .5 – 2.7 3.2

300 to 399 7.2 ................................... 5.5 1.8 – – – .2 .2 1.1 .5 1.1 3.7 2.3

400 to 499 7.3 ................................... 5.1 2.2 .2 .3 .2 .3 .4 1.4 .2 .7 3.5 3.1

500 to 599 4.8 ................................... 2.8 1.9 – – – – .9 .4 .7 .4 2.8 1.5

600 to 699 4.1 ................................... 2.1 2.0 .2 .3 – .2 .7 1.0 .6 – 2.0 2.1

700 to 799 2.0 ................................... 1.5 .5 – – – .2 .2 .7 – .2 .7 1.1

800 to 899 2.1 ................................... 1.9 .2 .2 – – .2 .4 .4 – .5 1.1 .6

900 to 999 1.8 ................................... 1.2 .6 – .4 – – 1.0 .6 .2 – 1.4 .4

1,000 to 1,499 4.4 ................................ 4.4 – .2 .3 – – 1.2 .2 .9 .4 2.5 1.5

1,500 or more 2.0 ................................ 1.5 .4 .2 – .2 .2 .4 .6 .4 .2 .9 .9 Not reported 19.4 ................................. 12.1 7.2 – .9 .4 .5 3.0 2.6 3.5 4.4 8.7 6.2 Median 479 ...................................... 510 417 ... ... ... ... 762 558 552 447 496 467

1See back cover for details.

2Figures may not add to total because more than one category may apply to a unit.

3Does not include multiunits, cooperatives or condominiums.

168 AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 6~4. Selected Equipment and PlumbingmOccupied Units With Hispanic Householder

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Tenure Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Selected subareas1

Physical problems

Total

occupied

units Owner Renter

New

con~

struction

4 years

Mobile

homes Severe Moderate

Elderly

(65 years

and over)

Moved in

past year

Below

poverty

level Area one Area two Area three

Total 106.3 ................................ 47.3 59.0 1.3 3.2 3.2 5.0 11.0 24.5 18.8 19.5 49.9 36.9

Equipment2

Lacking complete kitchen facilities 3.0 .............. .2 2.7 – .3 .2 2.8 – .9 1.1 1.0 1.1 .9

With complete kitchen (sink, refrigerator, and oven

or burners) 103.4 .................................. 47.1 56.3 1.3 2.9 3.0 2.2 11.0 23.5 17.7 18.5 48.9 36.0

Kitchen sink 106.1 .................................. 47.3 58.8 1.3 3.2 3.0 5.0 11.0 24.3 18.6 19.5 49.7 36.9

Refrigerator 105.9 .................................. 47.3 58.6 1.3 3.2 3.0 4.7 11.0 24.3 18.6 19.3 49.7 36.9

Cooking stove or range 104.7 ........................ 47.1 57.6 1.3 2.9 3.0 3.5 11.0 23.7 18.1 19.0 49.3 36.4

Burners, no stove or range – ..................... –– – – – –––––– –

Microwave oven only – .......................... –– – – – –––––– –

Dishwasher 46.0 .................................. 29.4 16.6 1.3 1.6 1.1 .9 5.6 8.6 5.6 3.1 24.6 18.3

Washing machine 62.2 ............................. 43.5 18.7 1.1 1.6 1.1 1.5 8.6 8.2 7.3 7.8 31.9 22.5

Clothes dryer 58.4 ................................. 41.1 17.3 1.1 1.9 .4 1.5 8.3 7.3 6.7 7.1 31.5 19.8

Disposal in kitchen sink 60.7 ........................ 32.0 28.7 1.3 2.0 1.3 1.5 6.3 13.7 9.4 6.2 32.1 22.4

Trash compactor 2.7 ............................. 1.5 1.2 – – – – – .4 .6 .4 1.4 .9

Air conditioning:

Central 22.3 .................................... 13.6 8.7 .6 1.3 .2 .7 2.2 5.0 3.7 1.1 7.6 13.6

Additional Central 1.7 ........................... 1.5 .2 – – – – .4 .2 .4 .2 .6 .9

1 room unit 11.5 ................................ 4.4 7.1 – .3 .8 .4 .8 2.6 1.3 1.5 4.5 5.5

2 room units 4.6 ............................... 2.0 2.6 .2 – – .2 .2 .7 .6 .2 2.0 2.4

3 room units or more 1.4 ........................ .9 .5 – – – .2 – .5 .2 .5 .5 .5

Main Heating Equipment

Warm~air furnace 64.4 ............................. 36.7 27.7 1.3 2.6 .9 2.0 8.1 13.4 8.9 7.2 33.5 23.7 Steam or hot water system 2.6 ..................... .7 1.9 – – .4 – .2 .9 .2 1.1 1.1 .4 Electric heat pump .7 ............................ .4 .2 – – – – – – .2 – .4 .2 Built~in electric units 6.2 ........................... 1.5 4.7 – – – .2 .9 2.2 1.5 1.9 2.2 2.1 Floor, wall, or other built~in hot air units without ducts 23.4 ....................................... 5.5 18.0 – .3 1.1 2.3 1.8 5.6 6.0 4.8 10.3 8.3 Room heaters with flue 5.5 ........................ 1.8 3.7 – – – – – 1.3 1.1 2.9 1.4 1.3 Room heaters without flue – ..................... –– – – – –––––– – Portable electric heaters .6 ....................... – .6 – – .2 – – .2 .2 – .2 .4 Stoves – ...................................... –– – – – –––––– – Fireplaces with inserts – ......................... –– – – – –––––– – Fireplaces without inserts – ...................... –– – – – –––––– – Other .3 ....................................... .3 – – .3 – – – – – – .3 – Cooking stove .4 ................................ – .4 – – .2 – – .2 .2 .4 – – None 2.1 ........................................ .4 1.6 – – .4 .5 – .7 .4 1.2 .4 .4

Other Heating Equipment2

Warm~air furnace – ............................. –– – – – –––––– – Steam or hot water system – ..................... –– – – – –––––– – Electric heat pump – ............................ –– – – – –––––– – Built~in electric units 1.7 ........................... .4 1.3 – – – – .2 .2 – .2 1.2 .2 Floor, wall, or other built~in hot~air units without ducts .7 ....................................... .4 .2 – – – – – – – – .7 – Room heaters with flue .2 ........................ .2 – – – – – .2 – .2 – .2 – Room heaters without flue .7 ..................... .4 .2 – – – – .2 – – .2 .2 .2 Portable electric heaters 14.0 ....................... 8.2 5.8 .2 .6 .6 1.1 1.5 2.4 2.5 2.5 7.5 4.0 Stoves 2.4 ...................................... 1.7 .7 – – – – .4 .4 .4 .2 1.3 .9 Fireplaces with inserts 5.2 ......................... 4.9 .2 – – – – .9 .4 .2 .9 2.2 2.1 Fireplaces without inserts 8.0 ...................... 5.5 2.5 – – – .6 1.1 2.3 1.0 1.1 3.3 3.6 Other .4 ....................................... – .4 – – – – – .4 .2 .2 .2 – Cooking stove .7 ................................ .4 .2 – – – – – .4 .4 .2 .4 – None 74.9 ........................................ 28.4 46.6 1.1 2.6 2.2 2.5 7.3 17.1 14.0 12.5 35.1 27.4

Used as parallel heating equipment2 .... 5.0 3.0 2.0 – – – .2 1.1 .4 .9 1.1 3.0 .9 Warm~air furnace – ............................. –– – – – –––––– – Steam or hot water system – ..................... –– – – – –––––– – Electric heat pump – ............................ –– – – – –––––– – Built~in electric units .8 ........................... .2 .6 – – – – .2 – – .2 .6 – Floor, wall, or other built~in hot~air units without ducts .5 ....................................... .2 .2 – – – – – – – – .5 – Room heaters with flue – ........................ –– – – – –––––– – Stoves .7 ...................................... .4 .2 – – – – .2 – .2 .2 .5 – Fireplaces with inserts 1.3 ......................... 1.3 – – – – – .4 – – .4 .6 .2 Fireplaces with no inserts 1.3 ...................... .9 .5 – – – .2 .2 – .2 .2 .4 .7 Cooking stove .2 ................................ – .2 – – – – – .2 .2 – .2 – Other .2 ....................................... – .2 – – – – – .2 .2 – .2 –

Used as supplemental heating

equipment2 ......................... 23.9 16.1 7.9 .2 .6 .6 1.5 2.8 5.8 3.5 4.0 11.9 8.0 Warm~air furnace – ............................. –– – – – –––––– – Steam or hot water system – ..................... –– – – – –––––– –

Electric heat pump – ............................ –– – – – –––––– –

Built~in electric units .8 ........................... .2 .6 – – – – – .2 – – .6 .2

Floor, wall, or other built~in hot~air units without

ducts .2 ....................................... .2 – – – – – – – – – .2 –

Room heaters with flue .2 ........................ .2 – – – – – .2 – .2 – .2 –

Room heaters without flue .7 ..................... .4 .2 – – – – .2 – – .2 .2 .2

Portable electric heaters 14.0 ....................... 8.2 5.8 .2 .6 .6 1.1 1.5 2.4 2.5 2.5 7.5 4.0

Stoves 1.7 ...................................... 1.3 .4 – – – – .2 .4 .2 – .9 .9

Fireplaces with inserts 2.8 ......................... 2.8 – – – – – .2 .4 .2 .2 1.3 1.2

Fireplaces with no inserts 6.4 ...................... 4.6 1.8 – – – .4 .9 2.3 .8 .9 2.6 2.9

Cooking stove .4 ................................ .4 – – – – – – .2 .2 .2 .2 –

Other .2 ....................................... – .2 – – – – – .2 – .2 – –

Plumbing

With all plumbing facilities 105.2 ...................... 47.3 57.9 1.3 3.2 2.1 5.0 11.0 24.3 18.6 19.3 49.5 36.5

Lacking some or all plumbing facilities2 .......... 1.1 – 1.1 – – 1.1 – – .2 .2 .2 .4 .5

No hot piped water .2 .......................... – .2 – – .2 – – – – – – .2

No bathtub nor shower .2 ...................... – .2 – – .2 – – .2 .2 – .2 –

No flush toilet .2 .............................. – .2 – – .2 – – .2 .2 – .2 –

No exclusive use .7 ........................... – .7 – – .7 – – – – .2 .2 .2

AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998 169

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 6~4. Selected Equipment and PlumbingmOccupied Units With Hispanic Householderm

Con.

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Tenure Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Selected subareas1

Physical problems

Total

occupied

units Owner Renter

New

con~

struction

4 years

Mobile

homes Severe Moderate

Elderly

(65 years

and over)

Moved in

past year

Below

poverty

level Area one Area two Area three

Primary Source of Water

Public system or private company 105.0 ............... 46.9 58.1 1.3 3.2 3.2 4.7 11.0 23.8 18.6 19.5 49.4 36.0 Well serving 1 to 5 units .7 ....................... .2 .4 – – – .2 – .4 .2 – – .7 Drilled .4 ..................................... .2 .2 – – – – – .4 .2 – – .4 Dug – ....................................... –– – – – –––––– – Not reported .2 ............................... – .2 – – – .2 – – – – – .2 Other .7 ....................................... .2 .5 – – – – – .2 – – .5 .2

Safety of Primary Source of Water

Selected primary water sources3........ 106.1 47.3 58.8 1.3 3.2 3.2 5.0 11.0 24.2 18.8 19.5 49.9 36.7 Safe to drink 68.5 ................................. 31.1 37.4 .9 2.2 1.5 2.5 7.7 14.3 12.0 12.7 35.5 20.3 Not safe to drink 35.9 .............................. 15.1 20.8 .4 1.0 1.7 2.0 3.3 9.5 6.4 6.6 13.9 15.4 Safety not reported 1.7 ........................... 1.1 .6 – – – .4 – .4 .4 .2 .4 1.0

Source of Drinking Water

Primary source not safe to drink 35.9 ........ 15.1 20.8 .4 1.0 1.7 2.0 3.3 9.5 6.4 6.6 13.9 15.4 Drinking and primary water source the same 2.0 ..... .8 1.2 – – – .5 .2 .2 .2 .5 .9 .6 Public or private system 2.0 ..................... .8 1.2 – – – .5 .2 .2 .2 .5 .9 .6 Individual well – .............................. –– – – – –––––– – Spring – ..................................... –– – – – –––––– – Cistern – .................................... –– – – – –––––– – Stream or lake – ............................. –– – – – –––––– – Other – ..................................... –– – – – –––––– – Drinking and primary water source different 33.9 ...... 14.3 19.6 .4 1.0 1.7 1.5 3.1 9.4 6.2 6.2 13.0 14.8 Public or private system – ..................... –– – – – –––––– – Individual well – .............................. –– – – – –––––– – Spring – ..................................... –– – – – –––––– – Cistern – .................................... –– – – – –––––– – Stream or lake – ............................. –– – – – –––––– – Commercial bottled water 27.3 .................... 11.3 16.1 .2 1.0 1.7 1.1 2.0 7.8 4.5 4.8 9.8 12.7 Other 6.6 ..................................... 3.0 3.6 .2 – – .4 1.1 1.6 1.7 1.3 3.1 2.1 Source of drinking water not reported – ............ –– – – – –––––– –

Means of Sewage Disposal

Public sewer 105.5 ................................. 46.6 58.8 1.3 3.2 3.2 5.0 11.0 24.0 18.4 19.5 49.7 36.3

Septic tank, cesspool, chemical toilet .9 ............ .7 .2 – – – – – .4 .4 – .2 .7

Other – ....................................... –– – – – –––––– –

1See back cover for details.

2Figures may not add to total because more than one category may apply to a unit.

3Excludes units where primary source of water is commercial bottled water.

170 AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 6~5. FuelsmOccupied Units With Hispanic Householder

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Tenure Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Selected subareas1

Physical problems

Total

occupied

units Owner Renter

New

con~

struction

4 years

Mobile

homes Severe Moderate

Elderly

(65 years

and over)

Moved in

past year

Below

poverty

level Area one Area two Area three

Total 106.3 ................................ 47.3 59.0 1.3 3.2 3.2 5.0 11.0 24.5 18.8 19.5 49.9 36.9

Main House Heating Fuel

Housing units with heating fuel 104.2 ......... 46.9 57.4 1.3 3.2 2.8 4.5 11.0 23.8 18.4 18.3 49.5 36.5 Electricity 22.3 .................................... 6.5 15.9 – .3 .4 .6 1.3 6.5 4.7 3.3 11.1 8.0 Piped gas 79.5 .................................... 39.3 40.1 1.3 2.0 2.4 3.8 9.4 16.6 13.1 14.2 37.4 27.9 Bottled gas 1.1 ................................... .3 .8 – .6 – – .3 – .3 .5 .3 .3 Fuel oil .2 ...................................... – .2 – – – – – .2 .2 – .2 – Kerosene or other liquid fuel – .................... –– – – – –––––– – Coal or coke – ................................. –– – – – –––––– – Wood .2 ....................................... .2 – – – – – – – – – – .2 Solar energy .2 ................................. .2 – – – – – – .2 – – .2 – Other .7 ....................................... .3 .4 – .3 – – – .2 – .4 .3 –

Other House Heating Fuels2

With other heating fuel 28.1 ........................ 18.2 9.9 .2 .6 .6 1.7 3.7 6.2 3.9 5.1 13.9 9.1

Electricity 15.5 .................................. 8.4 7.0 .2 .6 .6 1.1 1.5 2.8 2.7 2.7 8.5 4.2

Piped gas 2.2 .................................. 1.7 .5 – – – – .6 .6 .7 .2 1.3 .6

Bottled gas – ................................. –– – – – –––––– –

Fuel oil .2 .................................... .2 – – – – – – – – – .2 –

Kerosene or other liquid fuel .7 .................. .4 .2 – – – – .2 – – .2 .2 .2

Coal or coke – ............................... –– – – – –––––– –

Wood 13.2 ..................................... 10.0 3.1 – – – .6 1.5 2.7 1.5 2.0 5.7 5.5

Solar energy – ............................... –– – – – –––––– –

Other .7 ..................................... .4 .2 – – – – .2 .2 – .2 .4 –

Cooking Fuel

With cooking fuel 104.7 ..................... 47.1 57.6 1.3 2.9 3.0 3.5 11.0 23.7 18.1 19.0 49.3 36.4

Electricity 52.4 .................................... 22.9 29.5 .4 1.3 1.5 .7 5.8 11.1 9.3 5.7 27.8 18.9

Piped gas 51.7 .................................... 23.9 27.9 .9 1.0 1.5 2.8 4.9 12.6 8.6 13.4 21.2 17.2

Bottled gas .6 ................................... .3 .3 – .6 – – .3 – .3 – .3 .3

Kerosene or other liquid fuel – .................... –– – – – –––––– –

Coal or coke – ................................. –– – – – –––––– –

Wood – ....................................... –– – – – –––––– –

Other – ....................................... –– – – – –––––– –

Water Heating Fuel

With hot piped water 106.1 .................. 47.3 58.8 1.3 3.2 3.0 5.0 11.0 24.5 18.8 19.5 49.9 36.7

Electricity 10.5 .................................... 3.8 6.7 .2 .6 .7 .5 – 2.9 2.2 1.7 6.2 2.7

Piped gas 93.3 .................................... 43.2 50.1 1.1 2.0 2.3 4.5 10.5 21.4 16.3 17.4 42.4 33.5

Bottled gas 1.1 ................................... .3 .8 – .6 – – .3 – .3 .5 .3 .3

Fuel oil – ...................................... –– – – – –––––– –

Kerosene or other liquid fuel – .................... –– – – – –––––– –

Coal or coke – ................................. –– – – – –––––– –

Wood – ....................................... –– – – – –––––– –

Solar energy .7 ................................. – .7 – – – – – – – – .7 –

Other .5 ....................................... – .5 – – – – .3 .2 – – .3 .2

Central Air Conditioning Fuel

With central air conditioning 22.3 ............ 13.6 8.7 .6 1.3 .2 .7 2.2 5.0 3.7 1.1 7.6 13.6 Electricity 20.5 .................................... 12.1 8.4 .6 1.0 .2 .7 1.6 4.6 3.0 1.1 7.2 12.2 Piped gas 1.5 .................................... 1.5 – – – – – .2 .4 .4 – .4 1.1 Other .3 ....................................... – .3 – .3 – – .3 – .3 – – .3

Other Central Air Fuel

With other central air 1.7 .................. 1.5 .2 – – – – .4 .2 .4 .2 .6 .9

Electricity 1.1 .................................... .9 .2 – – – – .2 – .2 – .2 .9

Gas .4 ......................................... .4 – – – – – .2 .2 .2 – .4 –

Other .2 ....................................... .2 – – – – – – – – .2 – –

Clothes Dryer Fuel

With clothes dryer 58.4 .................... 41.1 17.3 1.1 1.9 .4 1.5 8.3 7.3 6.7 7.1 31.5 19.8 Electricity 36.5 .................................... 26.1 10.4 .6 1.6 – .7 6.3 4.6 3.8 4.7 19.3 12.4 Piped gas 21.6 .................................... 14.7 6.8 .4 – .4 .9 2.0 2.6 2.8 2.4 11.8 7.4 Other .3 ....................................... .3 – – .3 – – – – – – .3 –

Units Using Each Fuel2

Electricity 105.9 .................................... 47.1 58.8 1.3 3.2 2.8 5.0 11.0 24.5 18.8 19.5 49.9 36.5

Piped gas 99.9 .................................... 46.0 54.0 1.3 2.6 3.2 4.7 10.7 22.9 17.2 18.1 46.8 35.0

Bottled gas 1.1 ................................... .3 .8 – .6 – – .3 – .3 .5 .3 .3

Fuel oil 7.9 ...................................... 3.1 4.8 .2 .3 .2 .8 .7 1.4 2.1 1.0 6.1 .9

Kerosene or other liquid fuel .7 .................... .4 .2 – – – – .2 – – .2 .2 .2

Coal or coke – ................................. –– – – – –––––– –

Wood 13.2 ....................................... 10.0 3.1 – – – .6 1.5 2.7 1.5 2.0 5.7 5.5

Solar energy .9 ................................. .2 .7 – – – – – .2 – – .9 – Other 2.1 ....................................... 1.0 1.1 – .3 – – .5 .7 – .9 1.0 .2

All electric units 6.6 ............................... 1.9 4.7 – – – .2 – 2.2 1.5 1.0 4.0 1.6

1See back cover for details.

2Figures may not add to total because more than one category may apply to a unit.

AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998 171

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 6~6. Failures in EquipmentmOccupied Units With Hispanic Householder

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Tenure Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Selected subareas1

Physical problems

Total

occupied

units Owner Renter

New

con~

struction

4 years

Mobile

homes Severe Moderate

Elderly

(65 years

and over)

Moved in

past year

Below

poverty

level Area one Area two Area three

Total 106.3 ................................ 47.3 59.0 1.3 3.2 3.2 5.0 11.0 24.5 18.8 19.5 49.9 36.9

Water Supply Stoppage

With hot and cold piped water 106.1 .......... 47.3 58.8 1.3 3.2 3.0 5.0 11.0 24.5 18.8 19.5 49.9 36.7

No stoppage in last 3 months 97.4 ................... 45.3 52.1 1.3 2.2 2.3 3.8 10.8 22.1 17.3 18.0 45.7 33.7

With stoppage in last 3 months 6.5 ................. 1.4 5.1 – 1.0 .7 .7 .2 1.9 1.1 .4 3.9 2.1

No stoppage lasting 6 hours or more 1.7 .......... .4 1.3 – .6 – .3 .2 .5 .4 – .9 .9

1 time lasting 6 hours or more 2.7 ................ .2 2.5 – – .5 .2 – .5 .4 .4 1.7 .6

2 times 1.0 .................................... .5 .5 – .3 – – – .7 – – 1.0 –

3 times .2 .................................... – .2 – – .2 – – – – – – .2

4 times or more .8 ............................. .2 .6 – – – .2 – .2 .2 – .4 .4

Number of times not reported – ................ –– – – – –––––– –

Stoppage not reported 2.2 ......................... .7 1.6 – – – .5 – .5 .4 1.1 .2 .9

Flush Toilet Breakdowns

With one or more flush toilets 106.1 ........... 47.3 58.8 1.3 3.2 3.0 5.0 11.0 24.3 18.6 19.5 49.7 36.9 With at least one working toilet at all times in last 3

months 97.1 ..................................... 44.6 52.6 1.3 2.6 2.7 2.9 10.1 22.0 16.9 18.0 47.2 32.0 None working some time in last 3 months 7.0 ........ 2.1 4.9 – .6 .4 1.8 .9 1.8 1.3 .7 2.3 4.0 No breakdowns lasting 6 hours or more 4.1 ........ 1.5 2.6 – .6 – 1.2 .9 1.0 .9 .2 1.6 2.3 1 time lasting 6 hours or more 2.1 ................ .2 1.9 – – .2 .4 – .4 .2 .2 .5 1.4 2 times .2 .................................... – .2 – – – – – .2 – .2 – – 3 times – .................................... –– – – – –––––– – 4 times or more .4 ............................. .4 – – – .2 .2 – – – – – .4 Number of times not reported .2 ................ – .2 – – – – – .2 .2 – .2 – Breakdowns not reported 2.0 ...................... .7 1.4 – – – .2 – .5 .4 .9 .2 .9

Sewage Disposal Breakdowns

With public sewer 105.5 ..................... 46.6 58.8 1.3 3.2 3.2 5.0 11.0 24.0 18.4 19.5 49.7 36.3

No breakdowns in last 3 months 102.1 ................ 45.5 56.6 1.3 2.9 3.0 4.0 10.8 23.5 17.5 18.6 48.8 34.7

With breakdowns in last 3 months 3.4 ............... 1.1 2.3 – .3 .2 .9 .2 .5 .9 .9 .9 1.6

No breakdowns lasting 6 hours or more 1.2 ........ .4 .7 – .3 – .3 .2 .3 .5 .5 – .7

1 time lasting 6 hours or more 1.5 ................ .4 1.1 – – .2 .2 – .2 .2 .4 .7 .4

2 times .5 .................................... – .5 – – – .5 – – .2 – .2 .2

3 times .2 .................................... .2 – – – – – – – – – – .2 4 times or more – ............................. –– – – – –––––– –

With septic tank or cesspool .9 ............ .7 .2 – – – – – .4 .4 – .2 .7 No breakdowns in last 3 months .9 ................ .7 .2 – – – – – .4 .4 – .2 .7 With breakdowns in last 3 months – ............... –– – – – –––––– – No breakdowns lasting 6 hours or more – ........ –– – – – –––––– – 1 time lasting 6 hours or more – ................ –– – – – –––––– – 2 times – .................................... –– – – – –––––– – 3 times – .................................... –– – – – –––––– – 4 times or more – ............................. –– – – – –––––– –

Heating Problems

With heating equipment and occupied

last winter 98.5 ........................... 45.0 53.5 1.3 2.9 2.8 4.2 11.0 18.0 16.9 17.1 47.5 33.9

Not uncomfortably cold for 24 hours or more last

winter 69.1 ...................................... 34.8 34.3 1.1 2.3 .9 2.4 8.3 10.7 11.7 10.9 32.7 25.5

Uncomfortably cold for 24 hours or more last

winter2 ..................................... 14.4 4.0 10.4 .2 – 1.7 1.1 .9 2.4 2.2 2.9 7.3 4.2

Equipment breakdowns 3.4 ...................... .9 2.6 – – 1.3 .2 .2 .2 – .9 1.3 1.3

No breakdowns lasting 6 hours or more – ...... –– – – – –––––– –

1 time lasting 6 hours or more 1.9 .............. .7 1.2 – – – – .2 .2 – .2 1.1 .6

2 times .2 .................................. – .2 – – – .2 – – – .2 – –

3 times .2 .................................. .2 – – – .2 – – – – – – .2

4 times or more 1.1 ........................... – 1.1 – – 1.1 – – – – .4 .3 .4

Number of times not reported – .............. –– – – – –––––– –

Other causes 11.9 ............................... 3.6 8.3 .2 – 1.0 .9 .9 2.2 2.2 2.2 6.3 3.4

Utility interruption .2 ......................... .2 – – – – – – – – – .2 –

Inadequate heating capacity 6.1 ................ 1.1 5.1 – – .6 .7 .2 1.1 1.3 1.8 2.6 1.7

Inadequate insulation 3.6 ...................... .4 3.2 – – .6 .2 – .4 .9 .9 2.0 .8

Cost of heating 1.7 ........................... .6 1.1 – – – – .2 .2 .6 .2 1.0 .4

Other 3.0 ................................... 1.7 1.3 .2 – .4 – .4 .7 – .2 1.7 1.0

Not reported .2 ............................. .2 – – – – – – – – – .2 –

Reason for discomfort not reported – ............ –– – – – –––––– –

Discomfort not reported 15.0 ........................ 6.2 8.8 – .6 .2 .6 1.8 5.0 3.0 3.4 7.4 4.2

Electric Fuses and Circuit Breakers

With electrical wiring 106.3 .................. 47.3 59.0 1.3 3.2 3.2 5.0 11.0 24.5 18.8 19.5 49.9 36.9

No fuses or breakers blown in last 3 months 73.8 ...... 28.4 45.4 1.1 2.6 .9 2.3 8.0 20.4 14.2 13.4 34.5 26.0

With fuses or breakers blown in last 3 months 28.9 .... 17.3 11.6 .2 .6 2.3 2.4 3.1 3.3 4.0 5.0 14.1 9.8

1 time 7.6 ..................................... 4.4 3.2 – .3 .4 .4 .5 .7 1.6 1.7 3.6 2.4

2 times 4.9 .................................... 3.1 1.8 – – .3 .2 1.3 .9 .7 1.2 2.5 1.3

3 times 4.3 .................................... 2.4 1.9 .2 – .4 .4 .9 .2 .8 .9 2.2 1.2 4 times or more 11.7 ............................. 7.2 4.4 – .3 1.2 1.4 .4 1.4 .9 1.1 5.6 4.9 Number of times not reported .5 ................ .2 .2 – – – – – .2 – .2 .2 – Problem not reported or don’t know 3.6 ............. 1.6 2.0 – – – .2 – .7 .7 1.1 1.4 1.1

1See back cover for details.

2Other causes and equipment breakdowns may not add to total as both may be reported.

172 AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 6~7. Additional Indicators of Housing QualitymOccupied Units With Hispanic

Householder

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Tenure Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Selected subareas1

Physical problems

Total

occupied

units Owner Renter

New

con~

struction

4 years

Mobile

homes Severe Moderate

Elderly

(65 years

and over)

Moved in

past year

Below

poverty

level Area one Area two Area three

Total 106.3 ................................ 47.3 59.0 1.3 3.2 3.2 5.0 11.0 24.5 18.8 19.5 49.9 36.9

Selected Amenities2

Porch, deck, balcony, or patio 85.5 .................. 43.1 42.4 1.1 2.3 2.4 2.8 9.4 17.0 12.9 12.4 41.7 31.4

Telephone available ... ........................... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Usable fireplace 39.5 .............................. 30.8 8.7 1.3 – .4 1.1 5.4 6.4 4.3 4.2 18.6 16.7

Separate dining room 24.1 ......................... 15.0 9.1 .4 – 1.1 .9 3.3 4.0 4.0 7.1 10.6 6.3

With 2 or more living rooms or recreation rooms,

etc. 24.6 ........................................ 19.0 5.6 .6 .3 .4 1.1 3.8 3.8 3.6 2.5 11.0 11.1

Garage or carport included with home 81.7 ........... 44.0 37.7 1.3 2.6 2.2 3.6 9.2 16.4 11.8 11.1 39.8 30.9

Not included 24.6 ................................. 3.3 21.3 – .6 1.0 1.4 1.9 8.1 7.0 8.4 10.1 6.1

Offstreet parking included 20.1 .................... 2.9 17.3 – .6 .8 .5 1.5 6.7 5.9 6.0 8.7 5.4

Offstreet parking not reported – ................ –– – – – –––––– –

Garage or carport not reported – ................. –– – – – –––––– –

Cars and Trucks Available2

No cars, trucks, or vans 10.7 ....................... 1.1 9.7 – .6 .4 1.2 2.4 2.7 4.4 2.9 4.6 3.2

Other households without cars 9.4 ................. 4.2 5.1 – .3 .2 .2 1.1 2.6 .9 .9 4.4 4.1

1 car with or without trucks or vans 49.6 .............. 19.0 30.6 .4 1.3 1.3 2.3 4.1 13.1 9.4 10.5 22.9 16.2

2 cars 27.9 ....................................... 17.5 10.4 .9 .9 .8 1.0 3.0 4.3 3.4 3.8 13.2 10.9

3 or more cars 8.7 ................................ 5.5 3.2 – – .4 .2 .4 1.7 .7 1.3 4.8 2.5

With cars, no trucks or vans 49.3 .................... 18.8 30.6 .9 1.9 2.0 2.5 4.8 13.0 9.2 11.0 22.2 16.1

1 truck or van with or without cars 34.1 ............... 19.6 14.4 .4 .3 .8 1.3 3.0 6.8 4.0 4.7 15.5 13.9

2 or more trucks or vans 12.2 ....................... 7.8 4.3 – .3 – – .8 1.9 1.1 .9 7.6 3.6

Owner or Manager on Property

Rental, multiunit3 ..................... 30.8 ... 30.8 – ... 1.6 2.6 1.3 10.8 8.4 10.1 12.8 8.0 Owner or manager lives on property 13.0 ............. ... 13.0 – ... .2 .8 .7 4.9 4.8 5.0 4.0 4.0 Neither owner nor manager lives on property 17.9 ..... ... 17.9 – ... 1.4 1.9 .6 5.8 3.6 5.1 8.8 4.0

Selected Deficiencies2

Signs of rats in last 3 months 2.4 ................... .2 2.2 – – 1.0 .5 – .5 .2 1.2 .5 .8

Signs of mice in last 3 months 10.0 .................. 3.4 6.6 .2 – .8 1.2 .6 2.4 2.0 2.8 2.6 4.6

Signs of rodents, not sure which kind in last 3

months .2 ..................................... .2 – – – – – – – – – .2 –

Holes in floors 1.5 ................................ – 1.5 – – – .4 – .2 .9 .4 .6 .4 Open cracks or holes (interior) 12.3 .................. 4.0 8.2 – .6 1.4 2.0 .2 2.6 1.8 3.5 3.7 5.0 Broken plaster or peeling paint (interior) 5.7 ......... .8 4.9 – .3 .8 2.3 .3 1.3 1.5 .7 2.7 2.3 No electrical wiring – ............................ –– – – – –––––– – Exposed wiring 1.3 ............................... – 1.3 – – .4 .5 – .5 – .7 – .6 Rooms without electric outlets 4.3 .................. .7 3.7 – .3 1.0 1.0 – 1.5 .5 1.9 .5 2.0

Water Leakage During Last 12 Months

No leakage from inside structure 90.8 ................ 42.5 48.3 1.3 2.6 2.2 2.9 9.4 20.1 15.9 16.3 43.3 31.1

With leakage from inside structure2 ............. 13.5 4.2 9.3 – .6 1.0 1.9 1.6 3.6 2.4 2.3 6.3 4.9

Fixtures backed up or overflowed 5.6 ............. 1.7 3.9 – – .6 .9 .5 1.8 .9 .9 2.9 1.9

Pipes leaked 6.5 ............................... 1.7 4.7 – – 1.0 .7 1.1 1.1 1.4 1.2 2.8 2.5

Other or unknown (includes not reported) 3.8 ...... 1.1 2.6 – .6 .4 .9 .3 .9 .6 .5 1.8 1.5

Interior leakage not reported 2.0 ................... .7 1.4 – – – .2 – .7 .4 .9 .2 .9

No leakage from outside structure 88.1 .............. 39.5 48.6 1.3 2.6 2.4 2.7 9.8 22.3 15.9 15.7 42.5 29.9

With leakage from outside structure2 ............ 16.5 7.2 9.3 – .6 .8 2.0 1.3 1.7 2.4 3.2 7.2 6.1

Roof 10.3 ...................................... 5.0 5.3 – .6 .6 1.5 1.1 .6 1.2 1.8 4.3 4.2

Basement 1.1 .................................. .7 .5 – – .2 – – .2 .3 .4 .5 .2

Walls, closed windows, or doors 5.2 .............. 1.3 4.0 – – .6 .9 – .4 .8 1.2 1.8 2.3

Other or unknown (includes not reported) 2.4 ...... .9 1.5 – – .2 – .2 .5 .5 .2 .9 1.3

Exterior leakage not reported 1.8 ................... .7 1.1 – – – .2 – .5 .4 .7 .2 .9

Overall Opinion of Structure

1 (worst) 1.5 ..................................... .2 1.3 – – .2 .6 – .4 – .2 .4 .8

2 .4 ........................................... – .4 – – – – – .4 – .2 – .2

3 1.9 ........................................... .2 1.7 – – .6 .2 – 1.1 1.1 .5 .6 .8

4 2.0 ........................................... .2 1.8 – – .3 – – .7 .6 .2 1.1 .7

5 10.5 ........................................... 2.0 8.5 – – .4 .5 .2 2.0 2.6 3.5 3.5 3.4

6 10.1 ........................................... 2.0 8.1 – .6 .4 .7 .3 2.9 1.9 2.2 4.8 3.0 7 16.1 ........................................... 6.7 9.4 .4 .6 .5 1.1 1.4 3.1 1.6 2.4 6.7 7.0 8 24.3 ........................................... 11.7 12.6 .6 1.3 .6 1.1 2.4 5.5 3.3 4.1 12.4 7.8 9 13.9 ........................................... 8.8 5.1 .2 .4 .2 – 2.6 3.0 2.4 2.7 6.8 4.5 10 (best) 20.7 ..................................... 12.5 8.2 – .3 – .4 4.2 4.4 4.2 2.3 12.3 6.1 Not reported 4.8 ................................. 3.0 1.8 – – – .2 – .8 1.0 1.1 1.1 2.6

Adequate Inside Maintenance4

Adequate 44.3 .................................... ... 44.3 .2 .9 1.6 1.9 2.1 14.6 10.2 9.5 19.9 14.9

Inadequate 13.6 ................................... ... 13.6 – .3 1.2 2.4 .3 4.0 4.0 4.2 5.7 3.7

Not reported 1.1 ................................. ... 1.1 – – – – – .5 – .4 .2 .5

Buildings and Grounds Properly

Maintained5

Properly maintained 28.0 ........................... ... 28.0 – – .9 .9 1.6 10.5 6.9 5.9 13.8 8.3 Not properly maintained 7.7 ....................... ... 7.7 – – .7 1.7 – 2.2 2.9 3.7 1.3 2.7 Not reported 1.1 ................................. ... 1.1 – – – – – .2 .2 .7 .5 –

AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998 173

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 6~7. Additional Indicators of Housing QualitymOccupied Units With Hispanic

HouseholdermCon.

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Tenure Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Selected subareas1

Physical problems

Total

occupied

units Owner Renter

New

con~

struction

4 years

Mobile

homes Severe Moderate

Elderly

(65 years

and over)

Moved in

past year

Below

poverty

level Area one Area two Area three

Selected Physical Problems

Severe physical problems2 ..................... 3.2 .4 2.8 – – 3.2 ... – .2 .2 .7 .7 1.9 Plumbing 1.1 .................................. – 1.1 – – 1.1 ... – .2 .2 .2 .4 .5 Heating 1.3 .................................... .2 1.1 – – 1.3 ... – – – .4 .3 .6 Electric .8 .................................... .2 .6 – – .8 ... – – – – – .8 Upkeep .2 .................................... – .2 – – .2 ... – – – – – .2 Hallways – ................................... – – – – – ... ––––– –

Moderate physical problems2................... 5.0 .7 4.3 – .3 ... 5.0 – .9 1.4 1.7 1.3 2.0 Plumbing .2 .................................. .2 – – – ... .2 – – – – – .2 Heating – .................................... – – – – ... – – – – – – – Upkeep 2.5 .................................... .2 2.3 – – ... 2.5 – .2 .9 1.0 .9 .6 Hallways .2 ................................... – .2 – – ... .2 – – – – – .2 Kitchen 2.8 .................................... .2 2.5 – .3 ... 2.8 – .7 .9 1.0 .9 .9

1See back cover for details.

2Figures may not add to total because more than one category may apply to a unit.

3Two or more units of any tenure in structure.

4Limited to rental units.

5Limited to single attached and multi rental units.

174 AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 6~8. NeighborhoodmOccupied Units With Hispanic Householder

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Tenure Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Selected subareas1

Physical problems

Total

occupied

units Owner Renter

New

con~

struction

4 years

Mobile

homes Severe Moderate

Elderly

(65 years

and over)

Moved in

past year

Below

poverty

level Area one Area two Area three

Total 106.3 ................................ 47.3 59.0 1.3 3.2 3.2 5.0 11.0 24.5 18.8 19.5 49.9 36.9

Overall Opinion of Neighborhood

1 (worst) 1.9 ..................................... .7 1.3 – – – .2 .2 .9 .4 .5 .7 .8

2 1.2 ........................................... – 1.2 – – – – – .5 .5 .5 .4 .2

3 3.1 ........................................... .4 2.7 – – .5 – – .9 .4 .9 1.5 .7

4 3.0 ........................................... 1.1 1.9 – – .2 .4 .2 .9 .5 1.1 .4 1.5

5 9.3 ........................................... 2.4 6.9 .2 – .2 .9 1.3 2.4 2.3 2.3 3.6 3.4

6 7.5 ........................................... 2.4 5.1 – .3 .4 .5 .4 .8 1.6 1.7 3.6 2.2

7 17.4 ........................................... 7.2 10.2 – .9 .4 .5 1.5 3.8 2.2 3.1 7.2 7.0

8 27.5 ........................................... 13.1 14.4 1.1 1.0 1.1 .2 2.5 5.7 4.2 4.4 15.4 7.6

9 13.4 ........................................... 7.6 5.8 – .3 .2 .6 1.6 3.5 1.7 1.8 7.2 4.4

10 (best) 16.8 ..................................... 9.5 7.3 – .7 .2 1.3 3.3 4.0 3.7 1.9 8.4 6.5

No neighborhood .5 ............................. – .5 – – – – – .2 .2 .2 .2 –

Not reported 4.8 ................................. 3.0 1.8 – – – .2 – .8 1.0 1.1 1.1 2.6

Street Noise or Traffic

Street noise or traffic present 39.3 ................... 14.2 25.1 – .6 2.2 2.7 2.8 7.2 7.6 7.6 19.3 12.5

Condition not bothersome 18.1 .................... 6.6 11.5 – .3 .8 1.0 2.0 4.2 3.4 3.5 9.5 5.1

Condition bothersome 21.3 ....................... 7.7 13.6 – .3 1.3 1.7 .9 3.1 4.2 4.0 9.8 7.4

So bothered they want to move 10.2 ............. 3.1 7.0 – .3 1.1 1.1 .7 1.1 1.1 2.3 5.4 2.5

Not reported – ............................. –– – – – –––––– –

Bothersome not reported – .................... –– – – – –––––– –

Not reported 1.8 ................................. .7 1.1 – – – .2 – .5 .4 .7 .2 .9

Neighborhood Crime

Neighborhood crime present 32.2 ................... 12.7 19.5 – .6 1.3 2.0 2.9 6.5 5.9 7.6 13.7 10.9 Condition not bothersome 11.0 .................... 4.9 6.1 – .6 .2 .7 1.6 2.7 2.5 2.8 3.7 4.5 Condition bothersome 21.2 ....................... 7.8 13.4 – – 1.1 1.3 1.4 3.8 3.4 4.8 10.0 6.4 So bothered they want to move 12.3 ............. 3.7 8.6 – – .4 1.1 .7 2.7 1.9 3.3 5.2 3.9 Not reported .2 ............................. .2 – – – – – – – – – .2 – Bothersome not reported – .................... –– – – – –––––– – Not reported 2.9 ................................. .9 2.1 – – – .5 .2 1.1 1.2 .9 1.1 .9

Odors

Odors present 13.7 ................................ 4.6 9.1 .2 .6 .8 1.4 1.3 3.1 2.2 3.3 4.0 6.4

Condition not bothersome 5.3 .................... 2.4 2.9 – – .2 – .6 1.7 .6 1.4 1.7 2.1

Condition bothersome 8.4 ....................... 2.3 6.2 .2 .6 .6 1.4 .6 1.4 1.5 1.9 2.3 4.3

So bothered they want to move 4.3 ............. .7 3.5 – .6 .4 1.2 .2 .7 .9 1.2 1.0 2.2

Not reported – ............................. –– – – – –––––– –

Bothersome not reported – .................... –– – – – –––––– –

Not reported 2.0 ................................. .7 1.3 – – – .2 – .7 .7 .7 .5 .9

Other Bothersome Neighborhood

Conditions

No other problems 80.5 ............................ 34.8 45.7 .4 2.3 2.4 2.9 8.6 18.7 14.6 15.1 36.0 29.4

With other problems2 .......................... 23.9 11.8 12.0 .9 .9 .8 1.8 2.5 5.3 3.7 3.5 13.6 6.7

Noise 3.6 ..................................... .4 3.1 – – .2 .7 .3 .6 .8 .4 2.5 .7

Litter or housing deterioration 3.4 ................ 1.8 1.6 – – – .7 .2 .4 .7 1.3 1.4 .7

Poor city or county services 1.6 .................. .9 .7 .2 – – .5 .2 .2 .7 .2 .9 .4

Undesirable commercial, institutional, 1.3 ......... .2 1.1 – – – .5 – .4 .4 .5 .6 .2

People 6.7 .................................... 2.3 4.3 – – – .7 .9 1.8 1.4 .9 4.0 1.7

Other 13.4 ..................................... 6.4 7.0 .9 .9 .8 1.1 1.1 2.7 1.5 1.8 7.4 4.3

No problem .2 ................................ .2 – – – – – – – – – – .2

Type of problem not reported .9 ................. .7 .2 – – – .2 .2 – – .2 .4 .2

Other problems not reported 2.0 ................... .7 1.4 – – – .2 – .5 .4 .9 .2 .9

Public Elementary School2

Households with children aged 4~16 ... ............. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Attend public school(K~12) 34.9 ................... 13.2 21.7 .4 .6 2.2 2.9 – 7.4 6.2 7.3 14.0 13.6

Attend private school (K~12) 2.9 .................. 2.2 .7 – – .2 .2 – .4 .6 .7 1.1 1.1

Attend ungraded school, preschool, etc .9 ........ .7 .2 – – – – .2 – .2 .2 .4 .2

Does not attend school 2.2 ...................... – 2.2 – – – – – .7 .4 .7 .9 .6

Not reported 1.5 ............................... .8 .7 – – – .2 – .4 .6 .5 .2 .8

Households with any children aged 0~133 ........ 53.5 19.8 33.7 .4 .6 2.6 4.0 .7 11.8 10.3 10.7 22.8 20.0 Satisfactory public elementary school 27.0 .......... 10.2 16.8 .4 .3 1.7 2.2 – 5.7 4.6 5.3 10.7 11.1 Unsatisfactory public elementary school 4.1 ....... 1.7 2.4 – – .4 .2 – .6 .4 1.3 1.1 1.7 So bothered they want to move 3.0 ............. 1.5 1.5 – – .2 .2 – .4 .2 .9 .6 1.5 Not reported – ............................. –– – – – –––––– – Not reported or don’t know 13.4 ................... 4.6 8.8 – .3 .2 .7 .4 3.9 3.5 2.2 7.0 4.2 Public elementary school less than 1 mile 31.1 ...... 11.5 19.6 .4 .6 2.1 2.4 .2 6.3 5.7 7.0 13.0 11.1 Public elementary school 1 mile or more 4.9 ....... 1.9 3.0 – – – .3 – 1.7 .9 .9 1.7 2.3 Not reported 8.5 ............................... 3.0 5.5 – – .2 .4 .2 2.1 1.9 .9 4.0 3.6

Public Transportation

With public transportation 95.2 ...................... 41.2 53.9 1.1 2.5 3.2 4.3 8.4 21.9 17.5 16.5 45.5 33.1 Household uses it at least weekly 32.2 ............. 9.8 22.4 .2 .6 1.8 2.1 2.1 8.9 8.0 7.4 12.5 12.3 Satisfactory public transportation 29.3 ........... 8.8 20.6 .2 .6 1.8 1.6 2.1 8.1 7.3 6.9 10.5 11.9 Unsatisfactory public transportation 2.9 ......... 1.1 1.8 – – – .5 – .9 .7 .5 2.0 .4 Not reported ............................. – –– – – – –––––– – Household uses it less than weekly 37.3 ........... 16.8 20.5 .6 1.3 1.1 1.1 4.5 8.4 7.1 5.6 20.9 10.8 Satisfactory public transportation 34.7 ........... 15.1 19.6 .6 1.3 1.1 .9 4.3 8.0 6.7 5.1 19.9 9.7 Unsatisfactory public transportation 2.6 ......... 1.7 .9 – – – .2 .2 .4 .4 .4 1.1 1.1 Not reported – ............................. –– – – – –––––– – Household does not use 25.6 ..................... 14.6 11.1 .2 .6 .4 1.1 1.7 4.6 2.5 3.6 12.0 10.0 Not reported – ............................... –– – – – –––––– – No public transportation 7.1 ....................... 4.4 2.7 .2 .3 – .4 2.3 1.7 .6 1.9 2.7 2.5 Not reported 4.1 ................................. 1.6 2.4 – .3 – .2 .3 .9 .7 1.1 1.7 1.3

Neighborhood Shopping

Satisfactory neighborhood shopping 93.2 ............. 42.0 51.2 .9 3.2 3.0 3.8 9.9 21.4 16.4 14.1 46.1 33.0

Less than 1 mile 87.0 ............................ 38.8 48.2 .6 3.2 2.8 3.6 9.3 19.9 15.1 12.8 44.0 30.2

1 mile or more 6.0 .............................. 3.0 3.0 .2 – .2 .2 .7 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.9 2.8

Not reported .2 ............................... .2 – – – – – – – – – .2 –

Unsatisfactory neighborhood shopping 10.9 .......... 4.4 6.5 .4 – .2 .9 1.1 2.6 1.9 4.5 3.5 2.8

Not reported or don’t know 2.2 ..................... .9 1.4 – – – .2 – .5 .4 .9 .2 1.1

AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998 175

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 6~8. NeighborhoodmOccupied Units With Hispanic HouseholdermCon.

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Tenure Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Selected subareas1

Physical problems

Total

occupied

units Owner Renter

New

con~

struction

4 years

Mobile

homes Severe Moderate

Elderly

(65 years

and over)

Moved in

past year

Below

poverty

level Area one Area two Area three

Police Protection

Satisfactory police protection 87.5 ................... 40.1 47.4 1.3 2.9 2.8 3.0 9.4 20.2 14.3 14.5 42.7 30.4

Unsatisfactory police protection 13.6 ................. 5.3 8.4 – .3 .4 1.5 1.4 2.3 2.7 3.4 5.2 5.1

Not reported 5.2 ................................. 1.9 3.3 – – – .5 .3 2.0 1.8 1.6 2.1 1.5

Description of Area Within 300 Feet2

Single~family detached houses 88.0 ................. 42.7 45.3 1.3 1.3 2.6 3.8 9.3 19.3 13.6 17.1 41.7 29.2

Single~family attached 18.8 ......................... 5.6 13.2 .4 .4 .8 .5 2.5 4.4 2.2 1.8 11.2 5.8

1~ to 3~ story multiunit 45.6 ......................... 8.9 36.7 – 1.5 1.8 2.8 3.5 13.1 11.4 11.9 20.0 13.8

4~ to 6~ story multiunit 4.2 ......................... .3 3.9 – .3 .2 – .2 1.4 1.0 3.0 .9 .2

7~ or~ more story multiunit 1.8 ...................... .2 1.6 – – – – – – .2 1.2 – .7

Mobile homes 5.8 ................................ 2.9 2.9 – 2.8 – .3 2.0 1.6 .6 – 4.0 1.9

Commercial, or institutional 39.0 .................... 9.9 29.1 .2 1.2 2.0 1.7 3.0 10.6 8.9 9.5 17.4 12.1

Industrial or factories 7.3 .......................... 1.6 5.7 – .6 – 1.5 .2 2.1 1.5 2.3 3.9 1.0

Body of water 9.6 ................................ 5.0 4.6 .2 .3 .3 .2 .9 1.1 1.3 .4 4.3 4.9

Open space, park, woods, farm, or ranch 28.8 ........ 14.0 14.7 .6 .6 .2 .9 3.0 5.3 4.7 3.1 12.7 13.0

4 or more lane highway, railroad, or airport 23.2 ....... 8.6 14.7 .2 .3 .6 1.3 1.3 4.7 4.0 2.8 12.8 7.7

Not reported 4.8 ................................. 2.8 2.0 – – – .2 – 1.0 1.3 .9 1.3 2.6

Age of Other Residential Buildings

Within 300 Feet

Older 12.5 ........................................ 3.4 9.2 .2 .9 1.1 1.5 .6 3.7 2.0 2.1 4.5 6.0

About the same 67.5 .............................. 35.7 31.8 .9 1.3 1.3 2.1 7.8 13.4 9.1 8.9 35.8 22.7

Newer 6.8 ....................................... 2.6 4.2 .2 – .2 .4 .6 2.0 2.2 .9 3.1 2.8

Very mixed 10.9 ................................... 2.1 8.8 – .6 .4 .2 1.2 3.0 2.4 4.8 3.7 2.4

No other residential buildings .7 ................... .2 .4 – – .2 – – .7 .4 – .4 .2

Not reported 8.0 ................................. 3.3 4.7 – .3 – .7 .8 1.7 2.6 2.9 2.3 2.8

Other Buildings Vandalized or With

Interior Exposed Within 300 Feet

None 89.7 ........................................ 41.7 48.1 1.3 2.0 3.0 3.8 10.4 20.2 15.4 13.9 44.5 31.3 1 building 4.8 .................................... 1.2 3.6 – .6 – .5 .4 1.2 1.0 1.4 2.2 1.3 More than 1 building 4.2 .......................... 1.0 3.2 – .6 .2 .2 .2 .9 .7 1.6 1.5 1.1 No buildings .2 .................................. .2 – – – – – – .2 – – – .2 Not reported 7.4 ................................. 3.2 4.2 – – – .5 – 2.0 1.7 2.6 1.8 3.0

Bars on Windows of Buildings Within

300 Feet

No bars on windows 73.9 ........................... 36.0 37.9 1.3 2.6 1.7 2.4 9.6 16.5 11.3 5.3 39.5 29.2

1 building with bars 3.7 ........................... 2.2 1.5 – – – .2 .2 – .6 .9 2.2 .6

2 or more buildings with bars 18.4 ................... 4.7 13.7 – – 1.5 2.1 .9 4.9 4.0 11.0 4.0 3.4

No buildings .2 .................................. .2 – – – – – – .2 – – – .2

Not reported 10.1 ................................. 4.2 5.9 – .6 – .2 .3 2.8 2.8 2.4 4.3 3.5

Condition of Streets Within 300 Feet

No repairs needed 64.0 ............................ 30.4 33.7 .9 1.9 1.5 2.5 8.1 14.1 9.6 8.4 33.8 21.8

Minor repairs needed 30.3 .......................... 11.7 18.5 .2 1.2 1.6 .9 2.8 7.4 6.4 7.5 13.1 9.6

Major repairs needed 6.9 .......................... 2.4 4.4 .2 – .2 1.3 .2 2.0 1.6 2.3 1.6 2.9

No streets – ................................... –– – – – –––––– –

Not reported 5.2 ................................. 2.8 2.4 – – – .2 – 1.0 1.3 1.3 1.3 2.6

Trash, Litter, or Junk on Streets or Any

Properties Within 300 Feet

None 81.1 ........................................ 39.4 41.7 1.3 2.6 2.1 2.9 10.4 18.2 12.2 10.6 41.4 29.1 Minor accumulation 13.6 ........................... 3.2 10.4 – – .7 1.1 .6 4.1 4.4 4.6 4.8 4.2 Major accumulation 6.2 ........................... 1.6 4.6 – .3 .4 .7 – 1.2 .9 3.0 2.1 1.1 Not reported 5.5 ................................. 3.1 2.4 – .3 – .2 – 1.0 1.3 1.3 1.6 2.6

Parking Lots2

With parking lots 17.6 .............................. 3.0 14.6 .2 .3 .6 .2 1.5 4.6 3.8 2.8 9.2 5.6

Residents only 8.7 ............................. .8 7.9 – – .4 – .5 2.7 2.0 1.7 4.0 3.0

Shoppers or workers only 7.4 .................... 1.5 5.9 – .3 .4 .2 .8 2.1 .9 1.6 3.3 2.4

Anyone 5.1 .................................... .4 4.7 – – – – .2 2.3 .9 .7 3.1 1.3

Kind not reported .4 ........................... .4 – .2 – – – – – .2 .2 – .2

No parking lots within 300 feet 83.5 .................. 41.3 42.2 1.1 2.9 2.6 4.5 9.6 18.8 13.7 15.6 39.2 28.8

Parking lot not reported 5.2 ........................ 3.0 2.2 – – – .2 – 1.0 1.3 1.1 1.5 2.6

Mobile Homes in Group

Mobile homes 3.2 ........................ 1.9 1.2 – 3.2 – .3 1.6 .3 .3 – 2.2 .9

1 to 6 1.0 ....................................... .6 .3 – 1.0 – – – – – – .6 .3 7 to 20 – ...................................... –– – – – –––––– – 21 or more 2.2 ................................... 1.3 .9 – 2.2 – .3 1.6 .3 .3 – 1.6 .6

1See back cover for details.

2Figures may not add to total because more than one category may apply to a unit.

3Incomplete universe for this publication.

176 AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 6~9. Household CompositionmOccupied Units With Hispanic Householder

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Tenure Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Selected subareas1

Physical problems

Total

occupied

units Owner Renter

New

con~

struction

4 years

Mobile

homes Severe Moderate

Elderly

(65 years

and over)

Moved in

past year

Below

poverty

level Area one Area two Area three

Population in housing units 353.2 .... 157.4 195.7 3.4 5.4 13.4 18.6 23.6 76.0 62.8 69.2 156.2 127.8

Total 106.3 ................................ 47.3 59.0 1.3 3.2 3.2 5.0 11.0 24.5 18.8 19.5 49.9 36.9

Persons

1 person 14.2 ..................................... 6.2 8.0 .2 1.9 .2 .2 3.3 3.9 3.0 2.9 8.5 2.8

2 persons 23.0 .................................... 11.8 11.1 .6 .3 .2 .4 4.7 5.6 4.7 3.2 11.8 8.0

3 persons 22.2 .................................... 8.0 14.2 – .9 .4 1.3 1.8 5.6 2.9 4.0 9.9 8.3

4 persons 23.1 .................................... 10.7 12.5 .2 – 1.0 1.7 .9 4.8 2.9 4.2 9.6 9.3

5 persons 15.2 .................................... 6.5 8.7 .2 – .9 1.1 .4 2.9 2.7 3.0 6.8 5.4

6 persons 5.0 .................................... 2.1 2.9 – – .2 .2 – 1.1 1.9 .6 1.9 2.5

7 persons or more 3.6 ............................ 2.0 1.6 – – .2 – – .5 .7 1.6 1.3 .7

Median 3.2 ...................................... 3.2 3.2 ... ... ... ... 2.0 3.0 3.1 3.4 3.0 3.4

Number of Single Children Under 18

Years

None 46.3 ........................................ 23.9 22.4 .9 2.5 .4 .5 10.4 11.4 7.1 7.7 24.5 14.1 1 20.3 ........................................... 7.6 12.8 .2 .6 .7 1.1 .7 5.1 3.6 2.7 9.6 8.0 2 23.6 ........................................... 10.0 13.6 – – 1.3 2.5 – 4.7 2.8 5.9 9.3 8.4 3 11.5 ........................................... 4.1 7.4 .2 – .7 .7 – 2.0 3.0 2.5 4.3 4.7 4 3.2 ........................................... 1.3 1.9 – – .2 .2 – 1.1 1.3 .2 1.8 1.2 5 .5 ........................................... – .5 – – – – – – .5 – .2 .2 6 or more .9 .................................... .4 .5 – – – – – .2 .4 .5 .2 .2 Median .8 ...................................... .5~ 1.1 ... ... ... ... .5~ .7 1.1 1.2 .5 1.0

Persons 65 Years Old and Over

None 93.1 ........................................ 37.4 55.7 1.3 1.6 3.2 4.7 ... 24.0 16.0 17.7 42.2 33.2

1 person 8.5 ..................................... 6.0 2.5 – 1.3 – .2 6.3 .4 1.6 1.6 4.6 2.4

2 persons or more 4.7 ............................ 3.9 .8 – .3 – – 4.7 – 1.2 .2 3.1 1.4

Age of Householder

Under 25 years 10.4 ............................... 1.3 9.1 – – .2 .7 ... 5.9 3.4 2.7 5.2 2.5

25 to 29 14.7 ..................................... 3.0 11.7 – .3 1.1 .7 ... 5.1 2.0 3.9 4.8 6.0

30 to 34 17.2 ..................................... 5.9 11.4 .6 – .4 .9 ... 5.2 3.6 3.4 7.1 6.7

35 to 44 28.2 ..................................... 13.6 14.6 .2 .3 .9 1.5 ... 4.7 3.5 6.0 13.6 8.6

45 to 54 14.4 ..................................... 8.1 6.3 – .6 .7 .4 ... 1.3 2.5 1.4 7.8 5.2

55 to 64 10.3 ..................................... 6.7 3.6 .4 .3 – .8 ... 1.8 1.5 .9 4.6 4.8

65 to 74 7.4 ..................................... 5.5 1.8 – .6 – – 7.4 .4 1.4 .7 4.0 2.7

75 years and over 3.7 ............................ 3.1 .6 – 1.0 – – 3.7 – .9 .4 2.8 .4

Median 39 ...................................... 45 34 ... ... ... ... 72 31 36 34 41 39

Household Composition by Age of

Householder

2~or~more person households 92.1 .................. 41.1 51.0 1.1 1.2 3.0 4.7 7.8 20.5 15.7 16.6 41.4 34.1

Married~couple families, no nonrelatives 60.9 ....... 32.4 28.5 .9 1.2 2.3 3.1 6.2 10.8 8.4 10.9 25.8 24.2

Under 25 years 3.1 ........................... .9 2.2 – – .2 .5 ... 1.8 .7 1.4 .9 .8

25 to 29 years 8.6 ............................ 2.4 6.3 – .3 .9 .2 ... 2.8 1.1 2.0 2.2 4.5

30 to 34 years 12.4 ............................ 4.8 7.6 .6 – .4 .9 ... 2.8 2.2 2.3 5.1 4.9

35 to 44 years 16.7 ............................ 9.4 7.3 – – .6 1.0 ... 1.6 1.7 3.6 7.3 5.9

45 to 64 years 13.9 ............................ 10.0 3.9 .2 .6 .2 .5 ... 1.8 1.3 1.4 6.6 5.9

65 years and over 6.2 ........................ 5.0 1.2 – .3 – – 6.2 – 1.4 .2 3.7 2.2

Other male householder 13.0 ..................... 3.9 9.1 .2 – – .4 .3 4.6 1.1 2.9 5.0 5.1

Under 45 years 10.6 ........................... 2.4 8.2 .2 – – .2 ... 4.6 .9 2.7 3.9 4.0

45 to 64 years 2.2 ............................ 1.5 .7 – – – .2 ... – .2 .2 .9 1.1

65 years and over .3 ........................ – .3 – – – – .3 – – – .3 –

Other female householder 18.2 ................... 4.8 13.4 – – .7 1.2 1.3 5.1 6.3 2.8 10.6 4.9

Under 45 years 12.3 ........................... 2.0 10.3 – – .5 .7 ... 4.4 5.0 2.1 7.4 2.8

45 to 64 years 4.6 ............................ 1.5 3.1 – – .3 .4 ... .7 1.1 .2 2.9 1.5

65 years and over 1.3 ........................ 1.3 – – – – – 1.3 – .2 .4 .2 .7

1~person households 14.2 .......................... 6.2 8.0 .2 1.9 .2 .2 3.3 3.9 3.0 2.9 8.5 2.8

Male householder 7.4 ........................... 3.2 4.2 – 1.0 .2 .2 1.3 2.2 1.3 .5 5.0 1.9

Under 45 years 4.2 ........................... 1.5 2.7 – .3 – .2 ... 1.8 .7 .5 3.3 .5

45 to 64 years 1.9 ............................ .4 1.5 – – .2 – ... .2 .6 – .6 1.3

65 years and over 1.3 ........................ 1.3 – – .7 – – 1.3 .2 – – 1.1 .2

Female householder 6.8 ........................ 3.0 3.8 .2 1.0 – – 2.0 1.7 1.7 2.5 3.5 .9

Under 45 years 2.7 ........................... .6 2.0 – – – – ... 1.1 .2 1.6 .7 .4

45 to 64 years 2.2 ............................ 1.4 .8 .2 .3 – – ... .4 .8 .4 1.3 .4

65 years and over 2.0 ........................ 1.0 .9 – .6 – – 2.0 .2 .7 .5 1.5 –

Adults and Single Children Under 18

Years Old

Total households with children 60.0 .................. 23.4 36.6 .4 .6 2.8 4.4 .7 13.1 11.6 11.8 25.4 22.8

Married couples 43.2 ............................ 20.1 23.1 .2 .6 2.1 2.8 .5 8.0 6.3 8.4 17.3 17.5

One child under 6 only 5.7 ..................... 1.8 3.9 – .6 .4 .5 .2 1.5 .4 .9 2.7 2.1

One under 6, one or more 6 to 17 9.0 ........... 3.9 5.1 – – .4 .8 – 1.7 2.0 2.6 2.6 3.8

Two or more under 6 only 7.3 .................. 3.3 4.0 – – .2 .2 – 1.6 1.1 1.4 3.1 2.8

Two or more under 6, one or more 6 to 17 3.9 ... 1.5 2.4 .2 – .6 .3 – .6 1.0 .5 1.3 2.1

One or more 6 to 17 only 17.3 .................. 9.6 7.7 – – .4 1.1 .2 2.5 1.7 2.9 7.6 6.7

Other households with two or more adults 8.4 ...... 2.2 6.2 .2 – .7 .2 .2 2.4 1.2 1.8 3.8 2.8

One child under 6 only 2.2 ..................... .5 1.8 – – – .2 .2 .6 .5 .2 .9 1.1

One under 6, one or more 6 to 17 1.1 ........... .2 .9 – – .3 – – .2 – .4 .5 .2

Two or more under 6 only .3 .................. – .3 – – – – – .3 .3 – .3 –

Two or more under 6, one or more 6 to 17 .2 ... – .2 – – .2 – – – – .2 – –

One or more 6 to 17 only 4.6 .................. 1.5 3.1 .2 – .2 – – 1.3 .4 .9 2.2 1.5

Households with one adult or none 8.4 ............ 1.1 7.3 – – – 1.4 – 2.6 4.2 1.6 4.2 2.5

One child under 6 only .7 ..................... – .7 – – – – – .2 .4 – .5 .2

One under 6, one or more 6 to 17 1.1 ........... – 1.1 – – – – – .7 .9 .2 .5 .4

Two or more under 6 only .9 .................. – .9 – – – .5 – – .5 .5 .4 –

Two or more under 6, one or more 6 to 17 .2 ... .2 – – – – – – – .2 .2 – –

One or more 6 to 17 only 5.4 .................. .9 4.5 – – – .9 – 1.7 2.2 .7 2.8 1.9

Total households with no children 46.3 ............... 23.9 22.4 .9 2.5 .4 .5 10.4 11.4 7.1 7.7 24.5 14.1

Married couples 19.2 ............................ 12.5 6.7 .6 .6 .2 .3 5.7 3.0 2.5 2.8 9.6 6.8

Other households with two or more adults 13.1 ...... 5.2 7.9 – – – – 1.4 4.4 1.6 2.3 6.4 4.5

Households with one adult 14.0 ................... 6.2 7.8 .2 1.9 .2 .2 3.3 3.9 3.0 2.7 8.5 2.8

AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998 177

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 6~9. Household CompositionmOccupied Units With Hispanic HouseholdermCon.

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Tenure Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Selected subareas1

Physical problems

Total

occupied

units Owner Renter

New

con~

struction

4 years

Mobile

homes Severe Moderate

Elderly

(65 years

and over)

Moved in

past year

Below

poverty

level Area one Area two Area three

Own Never Married Children Under 18

Years Old

No own children under 18 years 53.1 ................ 26.5 26.6 1.1 2.5 .6 .7 10.8 13.0 8.7 8.8 27.4 16.9

With own children under 18 years 53.2 ............... 20.8 32.4 .2 .6 2.6 4.2 .2 11.5 10.1 10.7 22.5 20.0

Under 6 years only 14.1 .......................... 4.7 9.5 .2 .6 .6 1.2 – 3.6 2.1 2.8 6.5 4.8

1 5.7 ....................................... 1.2 4.5 – .6 .4 .5 – 1.9 .4 .9 2.7 2.0

2 7.6 ....................................... 3.3 4.3 .2 – .2 .7 – 1.4 1.4 1.9 3.3 2.3

3 or more .9 ................................ .2 .7 – – – – – .2 .2 – .5 .4

6 to 17 years only 25.9 ........................... 11.4 14.5 – – .9 2.0 .2 4.9 4.1 4.5 12.3 9.1

1 11.4 ....................................... 5.6 5.9 – – .5 .7 .2 2.3 2.4 2.1 5.3 4.0

2 9.9 ....................................... 4.6 5.4 – – .4 .9 – 1.5 .2 1.8 4.4 3.8

3 or more 4.5 ................................ 1.2 3.3 – – – .4 – 1.1 1.5 .7 2.6 1.3

Both age groups 13.2 ............................ 4.7 8.4 – – 1.0 1.1 – 3.0 3.9 3.4 3.7 6.1

2 4.7 ....................................... 1.7 3.0 – – .2 .6 – 1.1 .9 1.6 1.1 2.1

3 or more 8.5 ................................ 3.0 5.5 – – .9 .5 – 2.0 3.0 1.8 2.6 4.1

Persons Other Than Spouse or

Children2

With other relatives 31.0 ................... 17.0 14.0 .4 .3 .9 1.0 3.8 4.7 4.2 5.2 13.9 11.8 Single adult offspring 18 to 29 12.1 .................. 8.2 3.9 – – .3 – 1.3 1.3 .9 .9 6.1 5.1 Single adult offspring 30 years of age or over 5.0 ..... 2.8 2.1 – – .4 – 2.3 .5 .2 1.2 1.8 1.9 Households with three generations 5.3 .............. 3.3 2.0 – – .7 .2 .4 .2 .7 1.6 2.5 1.3 Households with 1 subfamily 5.1 ................... 3.4 1.8 .2 – .5 .2 .4 .7 .5 .9 2.9 1.3 Subfamily householder age under 30 2.7 .......... 1.6 1.2 – – .3 – .2 .5 – – 2.0 .7 30 to 64 2.4 ................................... 1.8 .6 .2 – .2 .2 .2 .2 .5 .9 .9 .6 65 and over – ................................ –– – – – –––––– – Households with 2 or more subfamilies .4 .......... .2 .2 – – – – – – – – .4 – Households with other types of relatives 14.6 ......... 7.0 7.6 .4 .3 .5 1.0 .4 3.0 3.1 3.9 5.6 5.2 With non~relatives 14.5 ..................... 3.2 11.3 – – .2 .4 .4 5.4 2.7 3.4 6.6 4.5 Co~owners or co~renters 5.5 ....................... 1.1 4.5 – – – .2 – 3.4 1.3 1.2 2.7 1.7 Lodgers 5.7 ..................................... .9 4.8 – – .2 – .4 1.5 .4 1.6 2.6 1.5 Unrelated children, under 18 years old 2.0 ........... .4 1.6 – – – .2 – .5 1.0 .5 .7 .9 Other non~relatives 4.3 ............................ 1.3 3.0 – – – – – 1.3 .5 .6 1.7 2.0 One or more secondary families 1.1 ................ – 1.1 – – – – – .5 .3 .2 .4 .4 2~person households, none related to each other 5.4 . 1.7 3.7 – – – – .2 2.0 1.1 1.3 2.8 1.3 3~8 person households, none related to each

other 1.8 ....................................... .4 1.4 – – – – .2 1.1 .2 .5 .9 .4

Educational Attainment of the

Householder

Less than 9th grade 19.2 ........................... 5.4 13.8 – .6 .9 1.5 3.5 3.9 5.2 6.7 5.6 6.9 9th to 12th grade, no diploma 14.2 .................. 5.0 9.2 .2 .3 – 1.0 .9 4.1 4.4 3.4 6.0 4.8 High school graduate (includes equivalency) 32.4 ..... 16.4 16.1 .2 1.7 .9 2.0 3.3 7.2 4.9 3.9 16.3 12.3 Additional vocational training 4.1 ................. 2.6 1.5 – .3 .2 .2 .2 .8 .4 .4 2.5 1.2 Some college, no degree 18.5 ...................... 7.7 10.8 .2 .3 .4 .4 1.8 4.8 2.2 3.1 10.3 5.1 Associate degree 7.0 ............................. 4.4 2.6 .2 – .4 – .9 .6 .4 .2 4.2 2.7 Bachelor’s degree 10.4 ............................ 5.4 5.0 .2 .3 .6 – .4 2.9 .9 1.4 5.1 3.9 Graduate or professional degree 4.6 ................ 3.0 1.5 .2 – – – .2 .9 .7 .8 2.5 1.3 Percent high school graduate or higher 72.5 .......... 83.6 63.6 83.2 81.4 79.6 53.8 62.4 70.7 50.4 50.7 81.7 71.5 Percent bachelor’s degree or higher 14.1 ............. 17.9 11.0 33.5 9.5 19.4 – 6.0 15.4 8.5 11.3 15.2 13.9

Year Householder Moved Into Unit

2000 to 2004 – ................................. –– – – – –––––– –

1995 to 1999 53.8 ................................. 13.0 40.8 1.3 1.3 2.0 2.8 1.5 24.5 10.3 11.4 23.7 18.7

1990 to 1994 23.2 ................................. 11.1 12.2 – .6 1.3 1.3 1.3 – 4.1 3.4 11.1 8.7

1985 to 1989 10.7 ................................. 8.1 2.5 – .6 – .6 .4 – .7 1.6 5.2 3.9

1980 to 1984 4.5 ................................. 2.8 1.7 – – – – .4 – .8 .6 2.2 1.6

1975 to 1979 4.6 ................................. 3.9 .7 – – – .2 1.3 – 1.0 .7 2.2 1.7

1970 to 1974 2.1 ................................. 1.6 .4 – .4 – – 1.0 – .4 .9 .6 .6

1960 to 1969 4.3 ................................. 4.1 .2 – – – – 2.4 – .4 .4 3.1 .8

1950 to 1959 2.4 ................................. 2.2 .2 – – – – 2.0 – .9 .4 1.1 .9

1940 to 1949 .8 ................................. .5 .3 – .3 – – .8 – – – .8 –

1939 or earlier – ................................ –– – – – –––––– –

Median 1995+ ...................................... 1990 1995+ ... ... ... ... 1972 1995+ 1995+ 1995+ 1994 1995+

Household Moves and Formation in Last

Year

Total with a move in last year 37.4 ........... 11.2 26.2 .6 .3 1.1 1.8 .8 24.5 8.7 7.7 17.0 12.7

Household all moved here from one unit 19.4 ......... 4.7 14.8 .6 .3 .2 .7 .4 19.4 5.7 4.1 8.1 7.2

Householder of previous unit did not move

here ... ...................................... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Householder of previous unit moved here ... ...... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Householder of previous unit not reported ... ...... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Household moved here from two or more units 4.0 ... .5 3.5 – – – – – 4.0 1.1 .7 2.1 1.2

No previous householder moved here ... ......... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

1 previous householder moved here ... ........... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

2 or more previous householders moved here ... .. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Previous householder(s) not reported ... ......... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Some already here, rest moved in 14.0 .............. 6.1 7.9 – – .9 1.1 .4 1.1 1.9 2.9 6.8 4.3

No previous householder moved here ... ......... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 1 or more previous householders moved here ... .. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Previous householder(s) not reported ... ......... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Number of previous units not reported – ........... –– – – – –––––– –

1See back cover for details.

2Figures may not add to total because more than one category may apply to a unit.

178 AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 6~10. Previous Unit of Recent MoversmOccupied Units With Hispanic Householder

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Tenure Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Selected subareas1

Physical problems

Total

occupied

units Owner Renter

New

con~

struction

4 years

Mobile

homes Severe Moderate

Elderly

(65 years

and over)

Moved in

past year

Below

poverty

level Area one Area two Area three

UNITS WHERE HOUSEHOLDER MOVED

DURING PAST YEAR

Total 22.5 ................................ 5.1 17.3 .6 .3 .2 .9 .4 22.5 6.1 3.9 10.6 8.0

Location of Previous Unit

Inside same PMSA ... ............................ ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

In central city(s) ... ............................ ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Not in central city(s) ... ......................... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Inside different PMSA in same state ... ............. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

In central city(s) ... ............................ ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Not in central city(s) ... ......................... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Inside different PMSA in different state ... .......... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

In central city(s) ... ............................ ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Not in central city(s) ... ......................... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Outside any metropolitan area ... .................. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Same state ... ................................ ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Different state ... .............................. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Different nation ... ............................... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Structure Type of Previous Residence

Moved from within United States 22.5 ........ 5.1 17.3 .6 .3 .2 .9 .4 22.5 6.1 3.9 10.6 8.0

House 12.5 ....................................... 3.5 9.0 .4 .3 – .5 .2 12.5 2.7 1.6 6.9 4.0

Apartment 7.9 ................................... 1.1 6.8 .2 – .2 .4 – 7.9 2.6 2.3 2.6 3.0

Mobile home .2 ................................. – .2 – – – – – .2 .2 – .2 –

Other .7 ....................................... .2 .4 – – – – – .7 .2 – .4 .2

Not reported 1.2 ................................. .4 .9 – – – – .2 1.2 .4 – .4 .8

Tenure of Previous Residence

House, apt., mobile home in United

States 20.6 .............................. 4.5 16.0 .6 .3 .2 .9 .2 20.6 5.5 3.9 9.7 7.0 Owner occupied 4.8 .............................. 1.7 3.1 .2 .3 – .3 .2 4.8 .6 – 3.2 1.6 Renter occupied 15.8 .............................. 2.8 13.0 .4 – .2 .6 – 15.8 4.9 3.9 6.5 5.4

Persons m Previous Residence

House, apt., mobile home in United

States 20.6 .............................. 4.5 16.0 .6 .3 .2 .9 .2 20.6 5.5 3.9 9.7 7.0 1 person 1.4 ..................................... .5 .9 – – .2 – – 1.4 .2 .2 .9 .2 2 persons 4.2 .................................... 1.5 2.7 .4 – – – – 4.2 .4 1.3 1.8 1.1 3 persons 3.8 .................................... .2 3.6 – .3 – .7 – 3.8 1.1 .2 1.8 1.8 4 persons 5.7 .................................... .8 4.8 – – – – .2 5.7 1.4 1.2 2.4 2.1 5 persons 1.9 .................................... .4 1.5 – – – .2 – 1.9 .6 .2 1.0 .6 6 persons 1.3 .................................... .6 .7 .2 – – – – 1.3 .4 – .9 .4 7 persons or more 2.4 ............................ .5 1.9 – – – – – 2.4 1.4 .7 .9 .7 Not reported – ................................. –– – – – –––––– – Median 3.7 ...................................... ... 3.7 ... ... ... ... ... 3.7 4.3 ... 3.7 3.7

Previous Home Owned or Rented by

Someone Who Moved Here

House, apt., mobile home in United

States 20.6 .............................. 4.5 16.0 .6 .3 .2 .9 .2 20.6 5.5 3.9 9.7 7.0

Owned or rented by a mover 16.7 ................... 4.1 12.6 .6 .3 .2 .9 .2 16.7 4.2 3.5 7.5 5.7

Owned or rented by other 3.9 ...................... .4 3.5 – – – – – 3.9 1.3 .4 2.2 1.3 By a relative 3.5 ................................ .4 3.0 – – – – – 3.5 1.1 .4 1.7 1.3 By a nonrelative .4 ............................ – .4 – – – – – .4 .2 – .4 – Not reported – ............................... –– – – – –––––– – Not reported – ................................. –– – – – –––––– –

Change in Housing Costs

House, apt., mobile home in United

States 20.6 .............................. 4.5 16.0 .6 .3 .2 .9 .2 20.6 5.5 3.9 9.7 7.0 Increased with move 13.8 .......................... 3.4 10.4 .6 – .2 .4 – 13.8 3.6 2.5 6.5 4.8 Decreased 3.4 ................................... .7 2.7 – – – – – 3.4 .9 1.2 1.5 .7 Stayed about the same 2.8 ........................ .2 2.6 – .3 – .5 – 2.8 .6 .2 1.4 1.2 Don’t know .6 ................................... .2 .4 – – – – .2 .6 .4 – .2 .4

Not reported – ................................. –– – – – –––––– –

1See back cover for details.

AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998 179

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 6~11. Reasons for Move and Choice of Current ResidencemOccupied Units With Hispanic

Householder

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Tenure Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Selected subareas1

Physical problems

Total

occupied

units Owner Renter

New

con~

struction

4 years

Mobile

homes Severe Moderate

Elderly

(65 years

and over)

Moved in

past year

Below

poverty

level Area one Area two Area three

RESPONDENT MOVED DURING PAST

YEAR

Total 24.4 ................................ 5.3 19.1 .6 .3 .2 .9 .4 24.2 7.0 4.8 11.0 8.7

Reasons for Leaving Previous Unit2

Private displacement 1.5 .......................... .4 1.1 – – – – – 1.5 .2 – .6 .9 Owner to move into unit .4 ..................... – .4 – – – – – .4 – – .2 .2 To be converted to condominium or – ........... –– – – – –––––– – Closed for repairs – ........................... –– – – – –––––– – Other 1.1 ..................................... .4 .7 – – – – – 1.1 .2 – .4 .6 Not reported – ............................... –– – – – –––––– – Government displacement – ..................... –– – – – –––––– – Government wanted building or land – .......... –– – – – –––––– – Unit unfit for occupancy – ...................... –– – – – –––––– – Other – ..................................... –– – – – –––––– – Not reported – ............................... –– – – – –––––– – Disaster loss (fire, flood, etc.) – ................... –– – – – –––––– – New job or job transfer 3.9 ........................ .3 3.7 – .3 .2 .5 – 3.9 1.1 .7 1.8 1.4 To be closer to work/school/other 2.4 ............... .4 2.0 .2 – – – – 2.4 .9 .4 1.1 .9 Other, financial/employment related 2.4 ............. .2 2.2 – – – .4 – 2.1 .4 .4 1.7 .2 To establish own household 4.9 .................... 1.5 3.4 .6 – – .2 – 4.9 1.6 1.4 2.5 1.1 Needed larger house or apartment 2.8 .............. .4 2.4 – – – .2 – 2.8 .9 .9 1.3 .6 Married .9 ...................................... .2 .7 – – – – – .9 – .2 .5 .2 Widowed, divorced or separated .2 ................ – .2 – – – – – .2 – – .2 – Other, family/person related 2.6 .................... .4 2.2 – – – – – 2.6 .4 – 1.5 1.1 Wanted better home 2.6 .......................... .8 1.8 – – – – – 2.6 1.1 – 1.5 1.1 Change from owner to renter – ................... –– – – – –––––– – Change from renter to owner 1.3 ................... 1.3 – – – – – – 1.3 .2 .4 .4 .4 Wanted lower rent or maintenance .9 .............. .2 .7 – – – .2 – .9 .2 – .7 .2 Other housing related reasons 1.7 .................. .9 .9 – – – – – 1.7 – .2 .4 1.1 Other 1.9 ....................................... .2 1.7 – – – – – 1.9 .9 .4 .9 .6 Not reported 1.2 ................................. .6 .7 – – – – .4 1.2 .2 – .2 1.0

Main Reason for Leaving Previous Unit

All reported reasons equal .9 ..................... .2 .7 – – – – – .9 .2 – .5 .5 Private displacement .6 .......................... .4 .2 – – – – – .6 .2 – .2 .4 Government displacement – ..................... –– – – – –––––– – Disaster loss (fire, flood, etc.) – ................... –– – – – –––––– – New job or job transfer 3.2 ........................ .3 3.0 – .3 .2 .3 – 3.2 1.1 .7 1.4 1.2 To be closer to work/school/other 1.8 ............... .4 1.3 .2 – – – – 1.8 .6 .4 .9 .4 Other, financial/employment related 1.7 ............. .2 1.5 – – – .2 – 1.5 .4 .4 1.0 .2 To establish own household 3.2 .................... .6 2.5 .4 – – .2 – 3.2 1.1 1.0 1.4 .8 Needed larger house or apartment 2.2 .............. .2 2.0 – – – .2 – 2.2 .9 .9 .9 .4

Married, widowed, divorced, or separated 1.1 ........ .2 .9 – – – – – 1.1 – .2 .7 .2

Other, family/personal related 1.7 .................. .2 1.5 – – – – – 1.7 .4 – 1.0 .7

Wanted better home 1.6 .......................... .2 1.4 – – – – – 1.6 .7 – .7 .9

Change from owner to renter or renter to owner 1.1 ... 1.1 – – – – – – 1.1 .2 .4 .4 .2

Wanted lower rent or maintenance .4 .............. – .4 – – – – – .4 .2 – .4 –

Other housing related reasons 1.3 .................. .7 .7 – – – – – 1.3 – .2 .2 .9

Other 1.5 ....................................... – 1.5 – – – – – 1.5 .6 .4 .6 .4

Not reported 2.1 ................................. .6 1.5 – – – – .4 2.1 .2 – .6 1.5

Choice of Present Neighborhood2

Convenient to job 4.9 ............................. .9 4.0 .2 – .2 – – 4.9 .9 .9 2.5 1.5

Convenient to friends or relatives 5.6 ............... .9 4.7 – – .2 – – 5.6 1.2 1.3 2.0 2.3

Convenient to leisure activities 1.5 .................. .4 1.1 – – .2 .2 – 1.5 .2 .4 .6 .4

Convenient to public transportation 2.8 .............. .6 2.2 – – .2 .2 – 2.8 .8 .7 1.1 1.0

Good schools 2.0 ................................ .6 1.3 – – – – – 2.0 .5 .2 .4 1.3

Other public services 1.3 .......................... – 1.3 – – .2 – – 1.3 .9 .2 .9 .2

Looks/design of neighborhood 5.4 .................. 1.4 3.9 .4 – – .4 – 5.2 .9 1.1 2.1 2.2

House was most important consideration 5.5 ........ 1.7 3.8 – – – .4 – 5.3 1.6 1.9 1.9 1.7

Other 4.0 ....................................... .7 3.3 – – – – – 4.0 1.6 .7 2.7 .7

Not reported 3.6 ................................. 1.2 2.3 – .3 – .3 .4 3.6 .4 – 1.1 2.4

Main Reason for Choice of Present

Neighborhood

All reported reasons equal 1.3 ..................... .2 1.1 – – – – – 1.3 .2 .4 – .9

Convenient to job 3.1 ............................. .4 2.7 .2 – .2 – – 3.1 .7 .5 2.0 .6

Convenient to friends or relatives 3.9 ............... .7 3.2 – – – – – 3.9 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.5

Convenient to leisure activities .4 .................. – .4 – – – .2 – .4 – – .4 –

Convenient to public transportation .3 .............. – .3 – – – – – .3 – – .3 –

Good schools .9 ................................ .2 .7 – – – – – .9 .5 – .2 .7

Other public services .9 .......................... – .9 – – – – – .9 .6 .2 .7 –

Looks/design of neighborhood 2.3 .................. 1.0 1.3 .4 – – – – 2.3 .7 .7 .6 1.1

House was most important consideration 3.8 ........ .9 2.9 – – – .4 – 3.6 1.3 1.2 1.7 .9

Other 4.0 ....................................... .7 3.3 – – – – – 4.0 1.6 .7 2.7 .7

Not reported 3.6 ................................. 1.2 2.3 – .3 – .3 .4 3.6 .4 – 1.1 2.4

Neighborhood Search

Looked at just this neighborhood 10.0 ................ 1.3 8.7 – – – .4 .2 9.8 3.5 3.2 3.5 3.2

Looked at other neighborhood(s) 13.2 ............... 3.6 9.6 .6 .3 .2 .5 – 13.2 3.1 1.6 7.0 4.6

Not reported 1.2 ................................. .4 .9 – – – – .2 1.2 .4 – .4 .8

Choice of Present Home2

Financial reasons 8.2 ............................. 1.7 6.5 – .3 .2 .3 .2 7.9 1.5 1.8 3.2 3.1

Room layout/design 5.7 ........................... 2.1 3.6 .4 – – .2 – 5.7 .9 1.1 2.2 2.4

Kitchen .6 ...................................... .4 .2 – – – – – .6 – .2 – .4

Size 5.8 ......................................... .9 4.9 – – – .6 – 5.8 1.5 1.2 2.2 2.4

Exterior appearance 2.4 ........................... 1.5 .8 – – – – – 2.4 – .2 .7 1.5

Yard/trees/view .6 ............................... .4 .2 – – – – – .6 – .2 – .4

Quality of construction .9 ......................... .7 .2 – – – – – .9 .2 .2 .2 .4

Only one available 2.9 ............................ .5 2.5 – – – .2 – 2.9 1.4 .7 1.4 .9

Other 4.2 ....................................... .4 3.7 .2 – – – – 4.2 1.5 .9 2.4 .9

180 AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 6~11. Reasons for Move and Choice of Current ResidencemOccupied Units With Hispanic

HouseholdermCon.

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Tenure Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Selected subareas1

Physical problems

Total

occupied

units Owner Renter

New

con~

struction

4 years

Mobile

homes Severe Moderate

Elderly

(65 years

and over)

Moved in

past year

Below

poverty

level Area one Area two Area three

RESPONDENT MOVED DURING PAST

YEARmCon.

Main Reason for Choice of Present

Home

All reported reasons equal 2.2 ..................... .7 1.6 – – – – – 2.2 .5 .4 .2 1.5

Financial reasons 6.2 ............................. 1.2 4.9 – .3 .2 .3 .2 5.9 1.1 1.2 3.0 2.0

Room layout/design 3.1 ........................... 1.1 2.0 .4 – – – – 3.1 .6 .7 1.5 .9

Kitchen – ...................................... –– – – – –––––– –

Size 3.6 ......................................... .5 3.1 – – – .4 – 3.6 1.3 .9 1.8 .9

Exterior appearance .9 ........................... .4 .4 – – – – – .9 – – .4 .4

Yard/trees/view .2 ............................... – .2 – – – – – .2 – – – .2

Quality of construction .2 ......................... .2 – – – – – – .2 .2 – .2 –

Only one available 2.5 ............................ .2 2.2 – – – .2 – 2.5 1.4 .4 1.4 .7

Other 3.3 ....................................... .4 2.8 .2 – – – – 3.3 1.1 .9 1.8 .6

Not reported 2.3 ................................. .6 1.8 – – – – .2 2.3 .8 .2 .6 1.5

Home Search

Now in house 13.1 ................................ 4.9 8.3 .6 ... .2 .4 .2 12.9 2.5 1.3 6.3 5.5

Did not look at apartments 8.5 ................... 3.8 4.7 .6 ... – – .2 8.3 1.9 1.1 3.6 3.8

Looked at apartments too 3.4 .................... .7 2.7 – ... – .4 – 3.4 .2 .2 2.4 .7

Search not reported 1.2 ......................... .4 .9 – ... .2 – – 1.2 .4 – .2 1.0

Now in mobile home .3 .......................... – .3 – .3 – .3 – .3 – – – .3

Did not look at apartments – ................... –– – – – –––––– –

Looked at apartments too .3 .................... – .3 – .3 – .3 – .3 – – – .3

Search not reported – ......................... –– – – – –––––– –

Now in apartment 11.0 ............................. .5 10.5 – ... – .2 .2 11.0 4.5 3.4 4.7 2.8

Did not look at houses 7.4 ....................... .3 7.2 – ... – .2 – 7.4 3.3 2.5 3.0 1.9

Looked at houses too 3.3 ....................... .2 3.1 – ... – – – 3.3 1.1 .9 1.5 .9

Search not reported .2 ......................... – .2 – ... – – .2 .2 – – .2 –

Recent Mover Comparison to Previous

Home

Better home 11.1 .................................. 3.0 8.0 .6 – – .4 – 10.8 3.6 2.9 4.9 3.2 Worse home 6.6 ................................. .4 6.2 – .3 – .5 – 6.6 .8 .9 3.7 2.0

About the same 5.8 .............................. 1.5 4.3 – – .2 – .2 5.8 2.4 1.0 2.2 2.6

Not reported 1.0 ................................. .4 .7 – – – – .2 1.0 .2 – .2 .8

Recent Mover Comparison to Previous

Neighborhood

Better neighborhood 8.3 .......................... 2.1 6.2 .4 – – .2 – 8.1 2.9 1.8 3.7 2.8

Worse neighborhood 5.4 .......................... .6 4.7 – .3 – .3 – 5.4 1.1 1.3 2.7 1.4

About the same 8.1 .............................. 2.0 6.1 .2 – – .4 .2 8.1 2.2 .7 4.2 3.2

Same neighborhood 1.6 ........................... .2 1.4 – – .2 – – 1.6 .7 1.0 .2 .4

Not reported 1.0 ................................. .4 .7 – – – – .2 1.0 .2 – .2 .8

1See back cover for details.

2Figures may not add to total because more than one category may apply to a unit.

AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998 181

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 6~12. Income CharacteristicsmOccupied Units With Hispanic Householder

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Tenure Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Selected subareas1

Physical problems

Total

occupied

units Owner Renter

New

con~

struction

4 years

Mobile

homes Severe Moderate

Elderly

(65 years

and over)

Moved in

past year

Below

poverty

level Area one Area two Area three

Total 106.3 ................................ 47.3 59.0 1.3 3.2 3.2 5.0 11.0 24.5 18.8 19.5 49.9 36.9

Household Income

Less than $5,000 6.0 ............................. 2.2 3.9 .2 .3 – .2 1.0 2.8 6.0 1.1 2.9 2.0

$5,000 to $9,999 6.6 ............................. 1.9 4.6 – .3 .2 .2 1.6 2.2 5.7 1.1 4.0 1.4

$10,000 to $14,999 5.1 ........................... 1.0 4.1 – .4 – .3 .8 2.0 3.7 1.7 1.7 1.7

$15,000 to $19,999 8.2 ........................... 1.9 6.3 – .3 – .6 2.1 1.1 2.5 3.2 3.1 1.9

$20,000 to $24,999 11.4 ........................... 2.2 9.2 – .9 1.1 1.8 1.0 2.3 .9 2.8 4.1 4.5

$25,000 to $29,999 7.3 ........................... 2.9 4.4 – .3 .2 .5 .4 2.0 – 1.4 2.4 3.6

$30,000 to $34,999 6.1 ........................... 1.3 4.8 – .3 – .2 .6 1.6 – 1.2 3.1 1.8

$35,000 to $39,999 5.8 ........................... 2.8 3.0 .2 – – – .9 1.3 – .9 2.9 1.9

$40,000 to $49,999 10.5 ........................... 5.0 5.4 – – .2 – .7 2.3 – .7 6.7 3.1

$50,000 to $59,999 8.7 ........................... 5.4 3.4 – .3 .7 .2 – 1.8 – 1.1 3.2 4.4

$60,000 to $79,999 12.0 ........................... 7.5 4.5 .2 – .3 .4 .9 2.7 – 2.2 5.5 4.2

$80,000 to $99,999 9.3 ........................... 6.7 2.6 .2 – .2 .4 .4 1.7 – 1.3 4.5 3.4

$100,000 to $119,999 3.7 ......................... 2.1 1.6 .2 – .4 – – .5 – .5 2.6 .6

$120,000 or more 5.7 ............................. 4.5 1.3 .2 – – – .6 .2 – .4 3.0 2.3

Median 37 159 ...................................... 54 646 26 626 ... ... ... ... 20 263 29 656 7 974 24 722 41 024 39 055

As percent of poverty level:

Less than 50 percent 7.4 .......................... 2.4 5.0 .2 .3 – .2 1.0 3.5 7.4 1.1 3.9 2.4

50 to 99 11.4 ..................................... 2.2 9.2 – – .2 1.1 1.3 3.5 11.4 3.7 4.6 3.2

100 to 149 11.8 ................................... 1.5 10.3 – .3 1.0 1.6 .7 2.2 ... 3.7 3.4 4.7

150 to 199 10.7 ................................... 4.7 6.0 .2 .7 .2 .5 2.1 2.0 ... 2.5 4.7 3.5

200 percent or more 65.0 .......................... 36.5 28.5 .9 1.9 1.8 1.5 5.9 13.2 ... 8.5 33.4 23.2

Income of Families and Primary

Individuals

Less than $5,000 6.7 ............................. 2.6 4.1 .2 .3 – .2 1.2 2.8 6.0 1.6 2.9 2.2

$5,000 to $9,999 7.7 ............................. 1.9 5.8 – .3 .2 .2 1.6 2.5 5.7 1.6 4.3 1.9

$10,000 to $14,999 6.5 ........................... 1.0 5.5 – .4 – .3 .8 2.7 3.7 2.2 2.4 1.9

$15,000 to $19,999 8.8 ........................... 1.9 6.9 – .3 – .6 2.1 1.5 2.5 3.4 3.4 2.1

$20,000 to $24,999 12.3 ........................... 2.2 10.1 – .9 1.1 1.8 1.0 2.8 .9 2.8 4.5 5.0

$25,000 to $29,999 6.9 ........................... 2.7 4.2 – .3 .2 .5 .4 2.0 – .9 2.6 3.4

$30,000 to $34,999 6.1 ........................... 1.8 4.3 – .3 – .2 .6 1.5 – .9 3.3 1.8

$35,000 to $39,999 5.0 ........................... 2.8 2.2 .2 – – .2 .9 1.1 – .7 2.2 2.1

$40,000 to $49,999 10.0 ........................... 5.2 4.8 – – .2 – .7 1.6 – .9 6.5 2.6

$50,000 to $59,999 8.8 ........................... 5.8 3.0 – .3 .7 .2 – 1.5 – .9 3.5 4.4

$60,000 to $79,999 10.3 ........................... 6.8 3.5 .2 – .3 .2 .6 2.5 – 2.2 4.5 3.6

$80,000 to $99,999 7.8 ........................... 6.1 1.7 .2 – .2 .4 .4 1.3 – .7 4.1 3.0

$100,000 to $119,999 3.9 ......................... 2.3 1.6 .2 – .4 – – .5 – .5 2.6 .8

$120,000 or more 5.5 ............................. 4.3 1.3 .2 – – – .6 .2 – .4 3.0 2.1

Median 33 557 ...................................... 52 816 23 574 ... ... ... ... 19 600 25 117 7 974 21 843 38 593 35 599

Income Sources of Families and Primary

Individuals2

Wages and salaries 93.1 ........................... 39.4 53.6 1.1 1.6 3.2 4.7 4.2 22.2 12.0 17.5 42.9 32.7 Wages and salaries were majority of income 88.0 ... 37.0 51.0 1.1 1.6 3.2 4.5 2.4 21.3 10.9 17.5 39.4 31.2 2 or more people each earned over 20% of

wages and salaries 35.7 ...................... 19.8 15.9 .6 .9 2.0 1.8 1.5 6.4 .9 6.3 15.5 13.9 Business, farm, or ranch 8.7 ....................... 5.2 3.5 – .3 .2 .2 .4 .8 1.0 .9 5.1 2.8 Social security or pensions 16.2 ..................... 11.9 4.3 – 1.6 – .2 10.8 .6 2.9 2.0 9.3 5.0 Interest 26.5 ...................................... 18.5 8.1 .6 .6 .4 .7 4.9 3.6 2.3 3.3 16.0 7.2 Stock dividend(s) 10.5 ............................. 7.8 2.7 .4 .3 .4 .2 1.5 1.1 1.6 .9 7.0 2.5 Rental income with lodger(s) 4.4 ................... 3.7 .7 .2 – – – .7 .3 .4 .7 3.1 .6 Welfare or SSI 7.2 ............................... 1.9 5.3 – .3 .2 1.1 1.2 1.1 3.3 1.4 2.3 3.6 Alimony or child support 4.6 ....................... 1.5 3.1 .2 – .2 – – 1.4 .9 .5 2.0 2.1 Other 13.6 ....................................... 6.0 7.7 .2 .6 .7 1.0 .4 1.8 1.8 1.4 7.2 5.0

Amount of Savings and Investments

Income of $25,000 or less 43.6 ............. 10.3 33.3 .2 2.5 1.3 3.2 6.7 12.4 18.8 11.8 18.2 13.6 No savings or investments 28.6 ..................... 4.7 23.9 .2 1.3 1.3 2.4 3.3 9.4 13.5 9.2 11.0 8.4 $25,000 or less 9.6 ............................... 2.6 7.0 – .6 – .5 2.5 2.2 2.7 1.9 5.1 2.7 More than $25,000 1.6 ............................ 1.2 .4 – .4 – – .6 .2 .8 – 1.2 .4 Not reported 3.8 ................................. 1.8 2.0 – .3 – .2 .3 .6 1.7 .7 1.0 2.1

Food Stamps

Income of $25,000 or less 43.6 ............. 10.3 33.3 .2 2.5 1.3 3.2 6.7 12.4 18.8 11.8 18.2 13.6

Family members received food stamps 4.6 .......... .5 4.2 – – .2 .6 .2 1.1 2.9 1.3 1.6 1.7

Did not receive food stamps 36.2 .................... 8.8 27.3 .2 2.5 1.1 2.3 6.4 10.4 14.4 9.5 16.4 10.2

Not reported 2.8 ................................. 1.0 1.8 – – – .2 – .9 1.5 .9 .2 1.7

Rent Reductions

No subsidy 49.7 ................................... – 49.7 .2 1.2 2.2 3.4 1.9 16.5 10.8 12.2 21.4 16.1

Rent control 3.3 ................................ – 3.3 – – – .2 – 1.4 1.4 .4 2.0 .9

No rent control 46.3 ............................. – 46.3 .2 1.2 2.2 3.2 1.9 15.1 9.4 11.7 19.4 15.2

Reduced by owner 3.4 ........................ – 3.4 – – – .2 .3 1.1 .6 .4 1.8 1.1

Not reduced by owner 43.0 ..................... – 43.0 .2 1.2 2.2 3.0 1.7 14.0 8.8 11.3 17.6 14.1

Owner reduction not reported – .............. –– – – – –––––– –

Rent control not reported – .................... –– – – – –––––– –

Owned by public housing authority .7 .............. – .7 – – – – – .2 .4 – .2 .4 Government subsidy 2.9 .......................... – 2.9 – – – .7 .4 .5 1.8 .5 1.8 .6 Other, income verification 3.7 ...................... – 3.7 – – .6 .2 – 1.3 .4 .9 1.7 1.1 Subsidy not reported 2.2 .......................... – 2.2 – – – – – .7 .8 .7 .7 .9

1See back cover for details.

2Figures may not add to total because more than one category may apply to a unit.

182 AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 6~13. Selected Housing CostsmOccupied Units With Hispanic Householder

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Tenure Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Selected subareas1

Physical problems

Total

occupied

units Owner Renter

New

con~

struction

4 years

Mobile

homes Severe Moderate

Elderly

(65 years

and over)

Moved in

past year

Below

poverty

level Area one Area two Area three

Total 106.3 ................................ 47.3 59.0 1.3 3.2 3.2 5.0 11.0 24.5 18.8 19.5 49.9 36.9

Monthly Housing Costs

Less than $100 1.1 ............................... .4 .7 – .3 – – .5 .4 .6 – .5 .6

$100 to $199 3.5 ................................. 2.4 1.1 – – .2 – 1.5 .4 1.5 .2 1.5 1.8

$200 to $249 3.3 ................................. 2.8 .4 – – – – 1.6 .2 .9 .5 1.6 1.3

$250 to $299 4.8 ................................. 4.6 .2 – .3 – .2 1.5 .4 .8 1.1 1.8 1.9

$300 to $349 4.5 ................................. 3.3 1.2 – .6 – – 1.4 .2 1.2 .5 2.1 2.0

$350 to $399 2.8 ................................. 1.5 1.3 – – – .4 .7 .2 1.1 .9 1.1 .9

$400 to $449 2.9 ................................. 1.4 1.5 – .3 – .2 – .7 1.0 1.5 .7 .7

$450 to $499 5.8 ................................. 1.9 3.9 – .4 .2 .7 .6 1.5 1.1 2.1 1.7 2.0

$500 to $599 9.9 ................................. 2.1 7.8 – .3 .7 .5 .8 3.2 2.2 3.7 3.2 3.0

$600 to $699 11.3 ................................. 1.1 10.2 – .3 .6 1.1 .7 3.5 2.4 3.1 3.3 4.8

$700 to $799 8.8 ................................. 1.4 7.4 – .6 .4 .5 .5 1.8 1.7 1.7 3.6 3.4

$800 to $999 15.2 ................................. 3.1 12.1 – – .9 .5 .7 3.7 1.6 2.0 9.0 4.2

$1,000 to $1,249 10.7 ............................. 4.5 6.1 – – – .6 – 3.3 1.1 .9 5.5 4.3

$1,250 to $1,499 6.9 ............................. 4.3 2.6 – – .2 .2 .2 1.5 .6 .4 3.9 2.6

$1,500 or more 14.1 ............................... 12.4 1.7 1.3 – – – .4 3.0 .7 .9 9.8 3.4

No cash rent .7 ................................. ... .7 – – – – – .3 .2 – .5 .2

Median (excludes no cash rent) 733 ............... 846 711 ... ... ... ... 314 772 547 581 878 691

Median Monthly Housing Costs for

Owners

Monthly costs including all mortgages plus

maintenance costs 896 .......................... 896 ... ... ... ... ... 349 1 123 343 745 1 049 859

Monthly costs excluding second and

subsequent mortgages and maintenance

costs 843 ...................................... 843 ... ... ... ... ... 298 1 123 308 590 1 002 805

Monthly Housing Costs as Percent of

Current Income2

Less than 5 percent 4.2 ........................... 4.2 – – – .2 – 1.1 .4 – .4 1.5 2.3

5 to 9 percent 6.9 ................................ 4.9 2.0 – .3 .4 – .7 .7 .2 1.5 3.1 2.2

10 to 14 percent 9.9 .............................. 5.9 4.0 – .6 .4 – 2.2 .9 .2 .9 4.3 4.7

15 to 19 percent 14.3 .............................. 7.7 6.6 – .3 .2 .4 1.5 2.5 .9 2.0 7.2 5.1

20 to 24 percent 10.5 .............................. 5.2 5.3 .6 – .4 .9 .7 2.6 .4 1.1 6.0 3.4

25 to 29 percent 9.2 .............................. 3.4 5.9 .2 .3 .2 1.1 .7 2.0 .4 1.6 3.9 3.7

30 to 34 percent 11.2 .............................. 3.4 7.8 – .3 .2 1.1 .8 1.3 1.1 3.0 5.5 2.8

35 to 39 percent 7.3 .............................. 2.5 4.8 – – – – .5 1.9 .9 2.1 2.6 2.5

40 to 49 percent 9.6 .............................. 3.3 6.3 – 1.0 .6 .5 .9 3.2 1.6 2.1 4.4 3.1

50 to 59 percent 6.4 .............................. 1.3 5.1 – – .3 .5 .4 1.7 2.2 1.7 3.1 1.7

60 to 69 percent 2.7 .............................. .9 1.8 – – – – .2 1.3 1.1 .5 1.5 .6

70 to 99 percent 4.8 .............................. 1.5 3.2 .2 – .2 – .7 1.9 2.0 .9 2.2 1.7

100 percent or more3.......................... 6.5 1.9 4.6 .2 .3 – .4 .5 2.8 5.8 1.3 3.1 2.0

Zero or negative income 2.2 ....................... 1.1 1.1 – – – – .2 .8 1.8 .4 .9 .8

No cash rent .7 ................................. – .7 – – – – – .3 .2 – .5 .2

Median (excludes 2 previous lines) 28 ........... 20 33 ... ... ... ... 20 38 64 33 28 25

Median (excludes 3 lines before medians) 26 ..... 20 32 ... ... ... ... 19 35 48 32 26 24

Rent Paid by Lodgers

Lodgers in housing units 5.7 ............... .9 4.8 – – .2 – .4 1.5 .4 1.6 2.6 1.5

Less than $100 per month .2 ..................... – .2 – – – – – – – – – .2

$100 to $199 .6 ................................. – .6 – – – – – .4 – .2 – .4

$200 to $299 .7 ................................. – .7 – – – – – .2 – .5 .3 –

$300 to $399 1.1 ................................. – 1.1 – – – – – .2 .2 .2 .2 .6

$400 or more per month 2.6 ....................... .4 2.1 – – .2 – .2 .6 .2 .5 1.9 .2

Not reported .4 ................................. .4 – – – – – .2 – – .2 .2 –

Median 3 945 ...................................... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Monthly Cost Paid for Electricity

Electricity used 105.9 ....................... 47.1 58.8 1.3 3.2 2.8 5.0 11.0 24.5 18.8 19.5 49.9 36.5 Less than $25 24.2 ................................ 7.3 16.8 .2 1.3 .4 .7 3.5 6.9 5.0 5.0 12.1 7.1 $25 to $49 33.6 ................................... 12.0 21.6 – .7 1.1 1.5 2.9 6.1 6.4 6.7 16.2 10.7 $50 to $74 14.6 ................................... 9.8 4.8 .2 – .2 .2 1.7 2.8 1.0 2.0 7.0 5.6 $75 to $99 4.9 ................................... 2.5 2.4 – – .2 .6 .6 1.0 .9 .2 2.3 2.3 $100 to $149 4.6 ................................. 4.2 .5 – – – .5 .6 – .9 1.1 2.6 .8 $150 to $199 2.6 ................................. 2.4 .2 .2 – – .2 – .7 .2 – .9 1.7 $200 or more 1.9 ................................. 1.7 .2 .2 – – – – .4 .6 .4 .4 1.0 Median 39 ...................................... 51 32 ... ... ... ... 35 34 35 35 38 43 Included in rent, other fee, or obtained free 19.5 ....... 7.3 12.2 .4 1.2 .8 1.2 1.6 6.5 3.8 4.0 8.3 7.2

Monthly Cost Paid for Piped Gas

Piped gas used 99.9 ....................... 46.0 54.0 1.3 2.6 3.2 4.7 10.7 22.9 17.2 18.1 46.8 35.0 Less than $25 33.6 ................................ 12.3 21.3 .2 1.0 1.7 1.5 3.2 8.6 4.8 5.8 16.8 11.0 $25 to $49 29.0 ................................... 16.1 13.0 .4 .7 .9 .9 3.7 5.5 5.3 4.0 14.3 10.7 $50 to $74 6.3 ................................... 4.3 2.0 – – .2 .3 1.1 1.1 2.0 1.2 3.6 1.5 $75 to $99 4.1 ................................... 2.0 2.1 – – – .5 .7 .2 .4 .7 2.8 .7

$100 to $149 3.0 ................................. 2.3 .7 .2 – – – .7 .6 .2 .4 1.7 .9

$150 to $199 .9 ................................. .4 .5 – – – – .2 – .2 – .4 .5

$200 or more .2 ................................. .2 – – – – – – – – – – .2

Median 29 ...................................... 35 25~ ... ... ... ... 36 25~ 33 26 30 29

Included in rent, other fee, or obtained free 22.8 ....... 8.3 14.5 .4 .9 .4 1.7 1.1 6.8 4.2 5.9 7.3 9.6

Average Monthly Cost Paid for Fuel Oil

Fuel oil used 7.9 ......................... 3.1 4.8 .2 .3 .2 .8 .7 1.4 2.1 1.0 6.1 .9 Less than $25 .9 ................................ .2 .7 – – – .2 .3 – .2 – .5 .4 $25 to $49 – ................................... –– – – – –––––– – $50 to $74 – ................................... –– – – – –––––– – $75 to $99 – ................................... –– – – – –––––– – $100 to $149 .2 ................................. – .2 – – – – – – – – – .2 $150 to $199 – ................................. –– – – – –––––– – $200 or more – ................................. –– – – – –––––– –

Median 25 ...................................... ~ ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 25~ ...

Included in rent, other fee, or obtained free 6.8 ....... 2.9 3.9 .2 .3 .2 .5 .4 1.4 1.9 1.0 5.6 .2

Property Insurance

Property insurance paid 53.4 ....................... 43.7 9.7 1.3 2.2 .8 1.2 8.0 8.5 5.9 6.6 27.6 19.3

Median per month 44 ........................... 47 25 ... ... ... ... 43 36 48 59 44 42

AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998 183

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 6~13. Selected Housing CostsmOccupied Units With Hispanic HouseholdermCon.

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Tenure Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Selected subareas1

Physical problems

Total

occupied

units Owner Renter

New

con~

struction

4 years

Mobile

homes Severe Moderate

Elderly

(65 years

and over)

Moved in

past year

Below

poverty

level Area one Area two Area three

Monthly Costs Paid for Selected Utilities

and Fuels

Water paid separately 60.5 ......................... 42.2 18.3 1.1 .6 1.9 2.3 8.3 8.9 7.4 9.0 28.8 22.7 Median 35 .................................... 35 34 ... ... ... ... 28 32 33 41 31 36 Trash paid separately 52.0 ......................... 38.4 13.7 1.1 .3 1.7 2.0 7.5 7.0 6.5 6.1 24.5 21.5 Median 20 .................................... 21 20 ... ... ... ... 22 19 18 22 20 20 Bottled gas paid separately .8 .................... .3 .5 – .6 – – .3 – .3 .2 .3 .3 Median ... .................................... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Other fuel paid separately 12.6 ...................... 8.4 4.2 – – .2 .6 1.5 2.5 1.3 1.6 6.8 4.3 Median 10 .................................... ~ 10~ ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 10~ ...

OWNER OCCUPIED UNITS

Total 47.3 ................................ 47.3 ... 1.1 1.9 .4 .7 8.6 5.3 4.6 5.4 24.1 17.9

Cost and Ownership Sharing

Ownership shared by person not living here 2.4 ...... 2.4 ... – – – – – .4 – .2 1.5 .6

Costs shared by person not living here 1.3 ........ 1.3 ... – – – – – .2 – – 1.1 .2

Costs not shared 1.1 ........................... 1.1 ... – – – – – .2 – .2 .4 .4

Cost sharing not reported – .................... – ... – – – – – – – – – –

Ownership not shared 43.0 ......................... 43.0 ... 1.1 1.9 .4 .4 8.6 4.3 3.5 4.9 22.1 16.0

Costs shared by person not living here .2 ........ .2 ... – – – – – – – .2 – –

Costs not shared 42.8 ........................... 42.8 ... 1.1 1.9 .4 .4 8.6 4.3 3.5 4.7 22.1 16.0

Cost sharing not reported – .................... – ... – – – – – – – – – –

Ownership sharing not reported 1.9 ................ 1.9 ... – – – .2 – .6 1.0 .2 .4 1.2

Monthly Payment for Principal and

Interest

One or more regular mortgages 29.7 ................ 29.7 ... 1.1 .3 .2 .4 2.1 4.1 1.7 3.3 16.4 10.0

Less than $100 1.3 ............................. 1.3 ... – – – – – .2 .2 .4 .7 .2

$100 to $199 .7 ............................... .7 ... – – – – .2 – – .2 .4 –

$200 to $249 .6 ............................... .6 ... – – – – .2 – .4 – .6 –

$250 to $299 .4 ............................... .4 ... – – – – .2 – – – .2 .2

$300 to $349 – ............................... – ... – – – – – – – – – –

$350 to $399 .7 ............................... .7 ... – – – – .2 – – – .5 .2

$400 to $449 .7 ............................... .7 ... – – – – – – .2 .4 – .2

$450 to $499 .2 ............................... .2 ... – – – – .2 – – – .2 –

$500 to $599 2.0 ............................... 2.0 ... .2 – – – – .7 – .4 .7 .9

$600 to $699 2.5 ............................... 2.5 ... – .3 – – .5 .2 – .2 .5 1.7

$700 to $799 2.2 ............................... 2.2 ... – – – – – .2 – .2 1.3 .6

$800 to $999 4.3 ............................... 4.3 ... – – .2 .4 .2 .4 – .2 1.3 2.8

$1,000 to $1,249 4.8 ........................... 4.8 ... – – – – .2 .4 .6 .4 3.5 .9

$1,250 to $1,499 6.0 ........................... 6.0 ... – – – – – 1.1 – .4 3.8 1.7

$1500 or more 3.4 ............................. 3.4 ... .9 – – – – .8 .2 .2 2.5 .6

Median 968 .................................... 968 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 1 118 870

Average Monthly Cost Paid for Real

Estate Taxes

Less than $25 4.5 ................................ 4.5 ... .2 1.3 – – .9 1.5 .6 .2 3.1 1.2 $25 to $49 4.9 ................................... 4.9 ... – .3 – – 2.7 1.1 .2 .4 1.7 2.8 $50 to $74 7.5 ................................... 7.5 ... – – – .2 2.8 .2 1.8 1.8 3.8 1.9 $75 to $99 4.9 ................................... 4.9 ... – .3 .2 – 1.1 .2 .4 .7 2.3 1.9 $100 to $149 10.9 ................................. 10.9 ... – – .2 .4 .6 .6 .4 1.3 4.6 4.9 $150 to $199 7.0 ................................. 7.0 ... .2 – – – – 1.5 .7 .5 5.3 1.3 $200 or more 7.7 ................................. 7.7 ... .6 – – – .4 .2 .4 .4 3.4 3.9 Median 109 ...................................... 109 ... ... ... ... ... 56 ... ... ... 114 111

Annual Taxes Paid per $1,000 Value

Less than $5 13.3 ................................. 13.3 ... .2 1.3 – – 5.8 1.8 2.2 2.0 8.2 3.1

$5 to $9 15.8 ..................................... 15.8 ... .2 – .2 .2 2.4 1.7 .9 1.6 7.8 6.4

$10 to $14 14.4 ................................... 14.4 ... .4 .6 .2 .4 .5 1.4 1.3 1.6 7.2 5.6

$15 to $19 1.3 ................................... 1.3 ... – – – – – – – – .2 1.1

$20 to $24 .7 ................................... .7 ... – – – – – – – .2 – .4

$25 or more 1.9 .................................. 1.9 ... .2 – – – – .4 .2 – .7 1.2

Median 8 ...................................... 8 ... ... ... ... ... 5~ ... ... ... 7 10

Routine Maintenance in Last Year

Less than $25 per month 17.4 ...................... 17.4 ... 1.1 1.3 .2 – 4.0 1.9 2.8 1.6 9.5 6.3

$25 to $49 10.4 ................................... 10.4 ... – .3 .2 .2 1.7 .4 .2 .9 5.9 3.6

$50 to $74 1.7 ................................... 1.7 ... – – – .2 .4 – .2 – 1.1 .6

$75 to $99 4.8 ................................... 4.8 ... – – – – .6 .4 .2 1.5 1.6 1.7

$100 to $149 2.2 ................................. 2.2 ... – – – – .4 .7 .2 – .9 1.3

$150 to $199 2.8 ................................. 2.8 ... – – – – .2 .7 .2 – 1.7 1.1

$200 or more per month 2.4 ....................... 2.4 ... – – – – .2 .2 .2 .2 1.6 .7

Not reported 5.5 ................................. 5.5 ... – .3 – .2 1.0 1.1 .4 1.1 1.8 2.6

Median 33 ...................................... 33 ... ... ... ... ... 25~ ... ... ... 32 34

Condominium and Cooperative Fee

Fee paid by owners 3.6 ................... 3.6 ... .2 – – – – 1.0 – – 2.3 1.3

Less than $25 per month .2 ...................... .2 ... – – – – – – – – .2 –

$25 to $49 – ................................... – ... – – – – – – – – – –

$50 to $74 .2 ................................... .2 ... – – – – – – – – – .2

$75 to $99 .2 ................................... .2 ... – – – – – .2 – – .2 –

$100 to $149 .2 ................................. .2 ... – – – – – – – – .2 –

$150 to $199 1.9 ................................. 1.9 ... .2 – – – – .6 – – 1.3 .6

$200 or more per month .7 ....................... .7 ... – – – – – .2 – – .2 .4

Not reported .2 ................................. .2 ... – – – – – – – – .2 –

Median ... ...................................... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Other Housing Costs per Month

Homeowner association fee paid 3.6 ................ 3.6 ... .6 – – .2 .6 .4 .2 .4 1.7 1.5

Median ... .................................... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Mobile home park fee paid .3 ..................... .3 ... – .3 – – – – – – .3 –

Median ... .................................... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Land rent fee paid – ............................ – ... – – – – – – – – – – Median ... .................................... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

1See back cover for details.

2Beginning with 1989 this item uses current income in its calculation, see Appendix A.

3May reflect a temporary situation, living off savings or response error.

184 AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 6~14. Value, Purchase Price, and Source of Down PaymentmOwner Occupied Units With

Hispanic Householder

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Tenure Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Selected subareas1

Physical problems

Total

occupied

units Owner Renter

New

con~

struction

4 years

Mobile

homes Severe Moderate

Elderly

(65 years

and over)

Moved in

past year

Below

poverty

level Area one Area two Area three

Total 47.3 ................................ 47.3 ... 1.1 1.9 .4 .7 8.6 5.3 4.6 5.4 24.1 17.9

Value

Less than $10,000 1.0 ............................ 1.0 ... – – – – – .4 .4 – .4 .6

$10,000 to $19,999 .2 ........................... .2 ... – – – – – – .2 – .2 –

$20,000 to $29,999 1.1 ........................... 1.1 ... – .6 – – .2 – – – .8 .2

$30,000 to $39,999 – ........................... – ... – – – – – – – – – –

$40,000 to $49,999 .2 ........................... .2 ... – – – – .2 – – – – .2

$50,000 to $59,999 .2 ........................... .2 ... – – – – – – – – – .2

$60,000 to $69,999 1.2 ........................... 1.2 ... – .4 – – .6 .4 – .2 .6 .4

$70,000 to $79,999 .7 ........................... .7 ... – .3 – – – – – – .5 .2

$80,000 to $99,999 2.4 ........................... 2.4 ... – .7 – .2 .9 .2 .2 .2 .7 1.5

$100,000 to $119,999 2.4 ......................... 2.4 ... – – – – .4 .7 – .9 .5 1.1

$120,000 to $149,999 6.0 ......................... 6.0 ... – – .2 .4 .2 .2 .2 .9 1.3 3.8

$150,000 to $199,999 13.6 ......................... 13.6 ... .2 – .2 – 3.1 1.8 2.2 2.0 6.4 5.1

$200,000 to $249,999 8.6 ......................... 8.6 ... – – – – 1.7 .8 .9 .4 6.2 1.9

$250,000 to $299,999 3.0 ......................... 3.0 ... .4 – – – – .4 .4 – 2.3 .6

$300,000 or more 6.6 ............................. 6.6 ... .4 – – – 1.3 .4 – .7 4.0 1.9

Median 179 837 ...................................... 179 837 ... ... ... ... ... 178 914 ... ... ... 204 535 156 469

Ratio of Value to Current Income

Less than 1.5 5.7 ................................ 5.7 ... – .6 .2 – .4 .8 .2 .2 2.0 3.5

1.5 to 1.9 5.7 .................................... 5.7 ... – .3 – .4 .4 .4 – 1.1 2.0 2.6

2.0 to 2.4 4.4 .................................... 4.4 ... .2 – – – .7 .6 – .9 1.1 2.4

2.5 to 2.9 4.8 .................................... 4.8 ... .6 – – – – .6 – – 2.9 1.9

3.0 to 3.9 7.6 .................................... 7.6 ... – – .2 – .4 .4 – .2 5.0 2.4

4.0 to 4.9 4.9 .................................... 4.9 ... – .7 – – .9 1.1 – .9 3.3 .6

5.0 or more 13.1 .................................. 13.1 ... .2 .3 – .2 5.6 1.1 3.7 1.8 7.3 4.0

Zero or negative income 1.1 ....................... 1.1 ... – – – – .2 .2 .7 .2 .4 .4

Median 3.3 ...................................... 3.3 ... ... ... ... ... 5.0+ ... ... ... 3.8 2.6

Other Activities on Property

Medical or commercial establishment .4 ............ .4 ... – – – – – – – .2 – .2 Neither 46.9 ...................................... 46.9 ... 1.1 1.9 .4 .7 8.6 5.3 4.6 5.1 24.1 17.6

Year Unit Acquired

2000 to 2004 – ................................. – ... – – – – – – – – – –

1995 to 1999 11.8 ................................. 11.8 ... 1.1 1.0 – – .9 4.7 .4 1.3 5.3 5.1

1990 to 1994 9.9 ................................. 9.9 ... – – .4 .2 .2 .2 .6 .5 5.4 4.0

1985 to 1989 7.9 ................................. 7.9 ... ... .6 – .4 – – .9 .7 4.7 2.6 1980 to 1984 3.4 ................................. 3.4 ... ... – – – .8 – – .2 1.5 1.7 1975 to 1979 4.3 ................................. 4.3 ... ... – – – 1.3 .2 .8 .7 2.0 1.7 1970 to 1974 1.8 ................................. 1.8 ... ... .4 – – 1.0 – .4 .7 .4 .8 1960 to 1969 4.1 ................................. 4.1 ... ... – – – 2.0 – .4 .4 3.1 .6 1950 to 1959 2.4 ................................. 2.4 ... ... – – – 2.0 – .7 .7 1.1 .7 1940 to 1949 1.3 ................................. 1.3 ... ... – – – .5 .2 .2 – .7 .7 1939 or earlier .2 ................................ .2 ... ... – – – – – – .2 – – Not reported – ................................. – ... ... – – – – – – – – – Median 1989 ...................................... 1989 ... ... ... ... ... 1969 ... ... ... 1989 1990

First Time Owners

First home ever owned 27.6 ........................ 27.6 ... .2 .9 .4 .4 3.9 2.6 2.7 3.8 13.8 10.0

Not first home 17.8 ................................ 17.8 ... .9 1.0 – – 4.8 2.4 1.1 1.1 10.1 6.6

Not reported 1.9 ................................. 1.9 ... – – – .2 – .4 .8 .4 .2 1.2

Purchase Price

Home purchased or built 44.3 ....................... 44.3 ... 1.1 1.6 .4 .4 8.6 4.5 3.3 4.9 22.9 16.4

Less than $10,000 1.7 .......................... 1.7 ... – – .2 – 1.3 – .2 – 1.3 .4

$10,000 to $19,999 2.7 ......................... 2.7 ... – .4 – – 2.3 – – .2 1.9 .6

$20,000 to $29,999 3.3 ......................... 3.3 ... – .6 – – 2.1 – 1.1 .9 1.7 .6

$30,000 to $39,999 1.6 ......................... 1.6 ... – .3 – – .2 – .2 .2 .8 .6

$40,000 to $49,999 .9 ......................... .9 ... – – – – – – – .4 .2 .2

$50,000 to $59,999 .6 ......................... .6 ... – – – – .2 – – – .4 .2

$60,000 to $69,999 .9 ......................... .9 ... – – – – .5 – .2 .4 .4 –

$70,000 to $79,999 .9 ......................... .9 ... – – – – – .2 – .4 – .5

$80,000 to $99,999 4.6 ......................... 4.6 ... – .3 – .2 1.0 .4 – .7 1.0 3.0

$100,000 to $119,999 2.3 ....................... 2.3 ... – – – .2 – .4 .2 – .2 2.1

$120,000 to $149,999 6.8 ....................... 6.8 ... – – .2 – – – .2 .9 3.3 2.6

$150,000 to $199,999 8.4 ....................... 8.4 ... .2 – – – – 1.9 .4 .2 6.1 2.1 $200,000 to $249,999 3.0 ....................... 3.0 ... .2 – – – .2 .4 .2 – 3.0 – $250,000 to $299,999 2.1 ....................... 2.1 ... .4 – – – .4 .4 – .2 1.1 .9 $300,000 or more .9 ........................... .9 ... .2 – – – – – .2 – .2 .7 Not reported 3.5 ............................... 3.5 ... – – – – .4 .7 .2 .2 1.3 1.9 Median 123 450 .................................... 123 450 ... ... ... ... ... 22 204 ... ... ... 145 531 110 409 Received as inheritance or gift .9 .................. .9 ... – .3 – – – .2 .2 – .7 .2 Not reported 2.1 ................................. 2.1 ... – – – .2 – .6 1.0 .4 .4 1.2

Major Source of Down Payment

Home purchased or built 44.3 ............... 44.3 ... 1.1 1.6 .4 .4 8.6 4.5 3.3 4.9 22.9 16.4

Sale of previous home 7.7 ......................... 7.7 ... .2 .3 – – 2.3 .2 .2 .2 4.9 2.6

Savings or cash on hand 29.0 ....................... 29.0 ... .9 .7 .4 – 5.3 4.1 1.8 3.8 14.1 11.1

Sale of other investment .2 ....................... .2 ... – – – – – – – – – .2

Borrowing, other than mortgage on this property 2.5 .. 2.5 ... – .3 – .2 .4 – .9 .2 1.7 .6

Inheritance or gift .7 ............................. .7 ... – – – – – – – .2 .2 .2 Land where building built used for financing – ...... – ... – – – – – – – – – – Other 1.1 ....................................... 1.1 ... – – – – .2 – .2 .4 .6 – No down payment 1.6 ............................ 1.6 ... – .3 – .2 .4 – – – .7 .8 Not reported 1.5 ................................. 1.5 ... – – – – – .2 .2 – .6 .9

1See back cover for details.

AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998 185

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 6~15. Mortgage CharacteristicsmOwner Occupied Units With Hispanic Householder

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Tenure Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Selected subareas1

Physical problems

Total

occupied

units Owner Renter

New

con~

struction

4 years

Mobile

homes Severe Moderate

Elderly

(65 years

and over)

Moved in

past year

Below

poverty

level Area one Area two Area three

Total 47.3 ................................ 47.3 ... 1.1 1.9 .4 .7 8.6 5.3 4.6 5.4 24.1 17.9

Mortgages Currently on Property

None, owned free and clear 13.5 .................... 13.5 ... – 1.6 .2 – 6.1 .6 1.8 1.3 7.0 5.1

Reverse mortgage – ............................ – ... – – – – – – – – – –

Regular and home equity mortgages2 ........... 4.5 4.5 ... .2 – – .2 .2 .4 .4 .7 2.1 1.7

Regular mortgage only 20.4 ........................ 20.4 ... .9 .3 .2 .2 1.6 3.0 .9 1.6 11.4 7.5

Home equity mortgage only 1.5 .................... 1.5 ... – – – – .4 – – .2 .2 1.1

With regular mortgage, home equity not reported 4.8 . 4.8 ... – – – – .2 .6 .4 1.1 2.8 .8

No regular mortgage, home equity not reported 2.6 ... 2.6 ... – – – .2 – .6 1.1 .5 .5 1.6

Number of Regular and Home Equity

Mortgages2

1 mortgage 20.4 .................................. 20.4 ... .6 .3 – .2 2.1 3.0 .9 1.8 10.8 7.9

2 mortgages 5.6 ................................. 5.6 ... .4 – .2 .2 .2 .4 .4 .7 2.8 2.1

3 mortgages or more – .......................... – ... – – – – – – – – – –

Number not reported 7.8 .......................... 7.8 ... – – – .2 .2 1.3 1.5 1.6 3.5 2.7

Type of Home Equity Mortgage

Units with 1 or more home equity

mortgages 6.1 .......................... 6.1 ... .2 – – .2 .7 .4 .4 .9 2.4 2.8

Lump sum only 2.3 ............................... 2.3 ... – – – .2 – .2 .4 .2 .8 1.3

Credit line only 3.1 ............................... 3.1 ... .2 – – – .7 .2 – .7 1.3 1.1

With outstanding balance 1.7 .................... 1.7 ... .2 – – – .7 .2 – .2 .7 .8

Both – ........................................ – ... – – – – – – – – – –

Type not reported .7 ............................. .7 ... – – – – – – – – .2 .4

OWNERS WITH ONE OR MORE

REGULAR MORTGAGES

Total 29.7 ................................ 29.7 ... 1.1 .3 .2 .4 2.1 4.1 1.7 3.3 16.4 10.0

Type of Primary Mortgage

FHA 5.3 ......................................... 5.3 ... – – – – – 1.1 – 1.3 1.8 2.2

VA 1.3 .......................................... 1.3 ... – – – .2 – – .4 .2 .4 .6

Farmers Home Administration .2 .................. .2 ... – – – – – – – – – .2

Other types 19.7 .................................. 19.7 ... 1.1 .3 .2 .2 1.9 2.5 .9 1.1 12.4 6.2

Don’t know .2 ................................... .2 ... – – – – – – – – .2 –

Not reported 3.0 ................................. 3.0 ... – – – – .2 .4 .4 .7 1.5 .8

Lower Cost State and Local Mortgages

State or local program used 3.3 .................... 3.3 ... – – – .2 .2 .2 .4 1.3 .7 1.3 Not used 22.7 ..................................... 22.7 ... 1.1 .3 .2 .2 1.6 3.2 .9 1.3 13.7 7.7 Not reported 3.7 ................................. 3.7 ... – – – – .2 .6 .4 .7 2.0 1.0

Mortgage Origination

Placed new mortgage(s) 29.5 ....................... 29.5 ... 1.1 .3 .2 .4 2.1 4.1 1.7 3.3 16.2 10.0 Primary obtained when property acquired 23.6 ...... 23.6 ... 1.1 .3 .2 .4 1.4 3.9 1.7 2.7 11.8 9.2 Obtained later 5.9 .............................. 5.9 ... – – – – .7 .2 – .7 4.3 .9 Assumed .2 .................................... .2 ... – – – – – – – – .2 – Wrap~around – ................................. – ... – – – – – – – – – – Combination of the above – ...................... – ... – – – – – – – – – –

Payment Plan of Primary Mortgage

Fixed payment, self amortizing 20.1 ................. 20.1 ... .9 .3 – .2 1.9 3.7 1.3 2.4 11.1 6.6 Adjustable rate mortgage 4.8 ...................... 4.8 ... .2 – – .2 – – – .2 2.6 2.0 Adjustable term mortgage – ...................... – ... – – – – – – – – – – Graduated payment mortgage .4 .................. .4 ... – – – – – – – – .4 – Balloon – ...................................... – ... – – – – – – – – – – Other – ....................................... – ... – – – – – – – – – – Combination of the above .7 ...................... .7 ... – – – – – – – – .4 .2 Not reported 3.6 ................................. 3.6 ... – – .2 – .2 .4 .4 .7 1.7 1.2

Payment Plan of Secondary Mortgage

Units with two or more mortgages 1.3 ....... 1.3 ... .2 – .2 – – – – – .6 .6 Fixed payment, self amortizing 1.3 ................. 1.3 ... .2 – .2 – – – – – .6 .6 Adjustable rate mortgage – ...................... – ... – – – – – – – – – – Adjustable term mortgage – ...................... – ... – – – – – – – – – – Graduated payment mortgage – .................. – ... – – – – – – – – – – Balloon – ...................................... – ... – – – – – – – – – – Other – ....................................... – ... – – – – – – – – – –

Combination of the above – ...................... – ... – – – – – – – – – –

Not reported – ................................. – ... – – – – – – – – – –

Lenders of Primary and Secondary

Mortgages

Only borrowed from firm(s) 25.6 ..................... 25.6 ... 1.1 .3 – .4 1.9 3.7 1.3 2.7 14.4 8.5 Only borrowed from seller .2 ...................... .2 ... – – – – – – – – .2 – Only borrowed from other individual(s) – ........... – ... – – – – – – – – – – Borrowed from a firm and seller .4 ................. .4 ... – – .2 – – – – – – .4 Borrowed from a firm and other individual .2 ........ .2 ... – – – – – – – – – .2 Borrowed from seller and other individual – ........ – ... – – – – – – – – – – One or both sources not reported 3.2 ............... 3.2 ... – – – – .2 .4 .4 .7 1.7 .8

Items Included in Primary Mortgage

Payment3

Principal and interest only 10.2 ...................... 10.2 ... .2 – – – 1.1 .8 .7 .9 6.0 3.2

Property taxes 15.0 ................................ 15.0 ... .9 .3 .2 .4 .8 2.4 .7 1.8 7.8 5.5

Property insurance 13.2 ............................ 13.2 ... .6 – – .4 .4 2.4 .4 1.5 6.6 5.1

Other 1.1 ....................................... 1.1 ... .2 – – – – .4 .2 .4 .7 –

Not reported 3.2 ................................. 3.2 ... – – – – .2 .4 .4 .7 1.7 .8

186 AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 6~15. Mortgage CharacteristicsmOwner Occupied Units With Hispanic HouseholdermCon.

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Tenure Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Selected subareas1

Physical problems

Total

occupied

units Owner Renter

New

con~

struction

4 years

Mobile

homes Severe Moderate

Elderly

(65 years

and over)

Moved in

past year

Below

poverty

level Area one Area two Area three

OWNERS WITH ONE OR MORE

REGULAR MORTGAGESmCon.

Year Primary Mortgage Originated

2000 to 2004 – ................................. – ... – – – – – – – – – –

1995 to 1999 11.2 ................................. 11.2 ... 1.1 .3 – – .8 3.9 .4 1.3 5.8 4.1

1990 to 1994 9.7 ................................. 9.7 ... – – .2 – .5 .2 – .4 6.4 2.8

1985 to 1989 3.7 ................................. 3.7 ... – – – .4 – – .4 .2 2.4 1.1

1980 to 1984 1.7 ................................. 1.7 ... – – – – .4 – – .2 .4 1.1

1975 to 1979 1.3 ................................. 1.3 ... – – – – .2 – .4 .2 .4 .6

1970 to 1974 .7 ................................. .7 ... – – – – – – .4 .4 .2 –

1960 to 1969 1.3 ................................. 1.3 ... – – – – .2 – – .4 .7 .2

1950 to 1959 .2 ................................. .2 ... – – – – – – – – – .2

1949 or earlier – ................................ – ... – – – – – – – – – –

Median 1993 ...................................... 1993 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 1993 1993

Term of Primary Mortgage at Origination

or Assumption

Less than 8 years .8 ............................. .8 ... – .3 – – .3 – – – .8 –

8 to 12 years – ................................. – ... – – – – – – – – – –

13 to 17 years 2.6 ................................ 2.6 ... – – – – – .4 – .2 1.3 1.1

18 to 22 years .2 ................................ .2 ... – – – – – – – – .2 –

23 to 27 years .7 ................................ .7 ... – – – – – – .2 .2 .5 –

28 to 32 years 23.3 ................................ 23.3 ... 1.1 – .2 .4 1.5 3.6 1.3 2.4 12.6 8.3

33 years or more 1.5 ............................. 1.5 ... – – – – .2 – .2 .4 .6 .4

Variable .7 ..................................... .7 ... – – – – – – – – .4 .2

Median 30 ...................................... 30 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 30 30

Remaining Years Mortgaged

Less than 8 years 4.9 ............................. 4.9 ... .2 .3 .2 – .8 – .7 1.1 2.7 1.0

8 to 12 2.1 ...................................... 2.1 ... – – – – .2 – .2 .2 1.0 .8

13 to 17 2.8 ..................................... 2.8 ... – – – – .2 .4 – .2 .7 1.9

18 to 22 3.9 ..................................... 3.9 ... – – – .4 – .2 .4 – 2.8 1.1

23 to 27 8.2 ..................................... 8.2 ... .2 – – – .7 – – .7 5.2 2.4

28 to 32 7.2 ..................................... 7.2 ... .6 – – – .2 3.4 .4 1.1 3.5 2.6

33 years or more – ............................. – ... – – – – – – – – – –

Variable .7 ..................................... .7 ... – – – – – – – – .4 .2

Median 24 ...................................... 24 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 24 23

Current Interest Rate

Less than 6 percent .4 ........................... .4 ... – – – – .2 – – – – .4 6 to 7.9 17.7 ...................................... 17.7 ... .4 – .2 .2 .5 2.6 .7 2.0 9.8 6.0 8 to 9.9 10.1 ...................................... 10.1 ... .6 .3 – .2 1.4 1.3 .6 1.1 5.8 3.2 10 to 11.9 .8 .................................... .8 ... – – – – – .2 .2 .2 .4 .2 12 to 13.9 .4 .................................... .4 ... – – – – – – .2 – .2 .2 14 to 15.9 – .................................... – ... – – – – – – – – – – 16 to 17.9 – .................................... – ... – – – – – – – – – – 18 to 19.9 – .................................... – ... – – – – – – – – – – 20 percent or more .3 ............................ .3 ... – – – – – – – – .3 – Not reported ... ................................. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Median 7.6 ...................................... 7.6 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 7.7 7.5

Total Outstanding Principal Amount

Less than $10,000 2.6 ............................ 2.6 ... – – .2 – .2 .2 .4 .7 1.3 .6 $10,000 to $19,999 2.1 ........................... 2.1 ... – .3 – – 1.0 – .4 .7 1.4 – $20,000 to $29,999 1.5 ........................... 1.5 ... – – – – .2 – .2 .4 .6 .4 $30,000 to $39,999 1.8 ........................... 1.8 ... – – – – – – – .2 1.1 .4 $40,000 to $49,999 – ........................... – ... – – – – – – – – – – $50,000 to $59,999 1.3 ........................... 1.3 ... – – – – .2 .2 – .2 – 1.1 $60,000 to $69,999 1.0 ........................... 1.0 ... – – – – – .2 – – .2 .8 $70,000 to $79,999 2.0 ........................... 2.0 ... – – – .2 .2 .5 – .2 .9 .9 $80,000 to $99,999 2.1 ........................... 2.1 ... – – – .2 – .2 – – 1.3 .8 $100,000 to $119,999 3.7 ......................... 3.7 ... – – – – – .2 – .2 1.5 1.9 $120,000 to $149,999 4.4 ......................... 4.4 ... .2 – – – .2 .2 – .4 2.4 1.5 $150,000 to $199,999 5.5 ......................... 5.5 ... .4 – – – – 2.1 .4 – 4.7 .8 $200,000 to $249,999 1.1 ......................... 1.1 ... – – – – – – .2 – .6 .4

$250,000 to $299,999 .6 ......................... .6 ... .4 – – – – .2 – .2 .2 .2

$300,000 or more – ............................. – ... – – – – – – – – – –

Not reported ... ................................. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Median 102 369 ...................................... 102 369 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 117 006 98 005

Current Total Loan as Percent of Value

Less than 20 percent 7.2 .......................... 7.2 ... – .3 .2 – 1.4 .2 .9 1.5 4.1 1.7

20 to 39 2.7 ..................................... 2.7 ... – – – – .2 .2 – .4 1.6 .7

40 to 59 4.0 ..................................... 4.0 ... – – – .2 .2 – – – 2.3 1.7

60 to 79 8.3 ..................................... 8.3 ... .9 – – .2 .2 1.2 .2 .5 5.4 2.5

80 to 89 4.0 ..................................... 4.0 ... .2 – – – – .7 .2 .9 1.8 1.3

90 to 99 2.2 ..................................... 2.2 ... – – – – – 1.1 – – .4 1.7

100 percent or more 1.3 .......................... 1.3 ... – – – – – .7 .4 – .9 .4 Not reported ... ................................. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Median 62.2 ...................................... 62.2 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 61.0 67.7

1See back cover for details.

2Regular includes all mortgages except reverse and home equity.

3Figures may not add to total because more than one category may apply to a unit.

AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998 187

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 6~17. Rooms in Unit by Household and Unit Size, Income, and CostsmOccupied Units

With Hispanic Householder

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Occupied units

Rooms Bedrooms

Total

1 and 2

rooms

3 and 4

rooms

5 and 6

rooms

7 rooms

or more Median No rooms 1 room 2 rooms 3 rooms

4 rooms

or more Median

Total 106.3 ................................ 1.5 42.1 45.7 17.1 4.9 .3 17.0 34.7 41.8 12.6 2.5

Persons

1 person 14.2 ..................................... .7 8.6 3.8 1.1 4.0 – 5.6 5.1 2.9 .6 1.8 2 persons 23.0 .................................... .5 9.1 10.1 3.2 4.9 .3 4.9 5.8 9.8 2.1 2.5 3 persons 22.2 .................................... – 9.2 10.2 2.8 4.9 – 3.5 7.9 8.4 2.3 2.5 4 persons 23.1 .................................... – 8.3 9.9 5.0 5.2 – 2.0 7.4 10.7 3.0 2.7 5 persons 15.2 .................................... .3 4.6 7.0 3.2 5.3 – 1.0 5.4 5.9 2.8 2.7 6 persons 5.0 .................................... – 1.5 2.6 1.0 ... – – 2.1 2.0 1.0 ... 7 persons or more 3.6 ............................ – .7 2.1 .9 ... – – .9 2.1 .7 ... Median 3.2 ...................................... ... 2.9 3.4 3.8 ... ... 2.1 3.3 3.5 3.9 ...

Rooms

1 room – ...................................... ... ... ... ... ... – – – – – ...

2 rooms 1.5 ..................................... ... ... ... ... ... .3 1.2 – – – ...

3 rooms 15.5 ..................................... ... ... ... ... ... – 14.6 .9 – – 1.0

4 rooms 26.6 ..................................... ... ... ... ... ... – 1.2 25.2 – .2 2.0

5 rooms 27.7 ..................................... ... ... ... ... ... – – 7.1 20.6 – 2.8

6 rooms 18.0 ..................................... ... ... ... ... ... – – 1.1 14.5 2.4 3.0

7 rooms 10.7 ..................................... ... ... ... ... ... – – .4 5.8 4.5 3.3

8 rooms 3.8 ..................................... ... ... ... ... ... – – – .4 3.4 ...

9 rooms 2.1 ..................................... ... ... ... ... ... – – – .4 1.7 ...

10 rooms or more .5 ............................. ... ... ... ... ... – – – – .5 ...

Median 4.8 ...................................... ... ... ... ... ... ... 3.0 4.2 5.5 7.3 ...

Bedrooms

None .3 ........................................ .3 – – – ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

1 17.0 ........................................... 1.2 15.8 – – 3.4 ... ... ... ... ... ...

2 34.7 ........................................... – 26.1 8.2 .4 3.8 ... ... ... ... ... ...

3 41.8 ........................................... – – 35.1 6.7 5.7 ... ... ... ... ... ...

4 or more 12.6 .................................... – .2 2.4 10.0 6.5+ ... ... ... ... ... ...

Median 2.5 ...................................... ... 1.7 2.9 3.5+ ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Complete Bathrooms

None .4 ........................................ – .4 – – ... – – .2 – .2 ... 1 55.2 ........................................... 1.5 34.9 17.4 1.3 4.0 .3 16.8 24.6 13.2 .2 1.9 1 and one~half 11.8 ................................ – 3.3 7.8 .8 5.2 – – 5.2 6.0 .6 2.6 2 or more 38.9 .................................... – 3.5 20.5 14.9 6.1 – .2 4.6 22.6 11.5 3.1

Lot Size1

Less than one~eighth acre 21.2 ..................... .3 5.5 12.4 3.0 5.3 .3 1.3 5.8 11.9 2.0 2.8

One~eighth up to one~quarter acre 31.5 .............. – 6.4 16.3 8.8 5.6 – 1.0 7.4 16.3 6.8 3.0

One~quarter up to one~half acre 10.9 ................. – 2.8 5.2 2.9 5.5 – 1.1 3.0 4.3 2.5 2.8

One~half up to one acre 3.2 ........................ – .9 1.4 .9 ... – .7 .5 1.5 .4 ...

1 up to 5 acres 1.5 ............................... – .2 .9 .4 ... – – .6 .4 .4 ...

5 up to 10 acres .2 .............................. – – .2 – ... – – – .2 – ...

10 acres or more .9 ............................. – .2 .7 – ... – – .2 .5 .2 ...

Median .18 ...................................... ... .18 .17 .20 ... ... .22 .18 .17 .20 ...

Income of Families and Primary

Individuals

Less than $5,000 6.7 ............................. .8 2.3 2.4 1.2 4.8 .3 1.1 2.4 2.2 .6 2.3

$5,000 to $9,999 7.7 ............................. – 4.5 2.9 .4 4.2 – 2.1 3.3 2.0 .4 2.0

$10,000 to $14,999 6.5 ........................... .3 4.9 .7 .7 3.7 – 1.9 3.7 .5 .4 1.9

$15,000 to $19,999 8.8 ........................... .3 5.5 2.9 .2 4.0 – 2.7 3.4 2.5 .2 2.0

$20,000 to $24,999 12.3 ........................... – 7.2 4.7 .4 4.2 – 2.6 5.9 3.4 .4 2.1

$25,000 to $29,999 6.9 ........................... – 2.9 3.1 .9 4.8 – .5 2.7 2.4 1.3 2.6

$30,000 to $34,999 6.1 ........................... – 2.8 3.1 .2 4.7 – 1.2 2.7 2.2 – 2.2

$35,000 to $39,999 5.0 ........................... .2 1.6 2.0 1.3 ... – .7 1.5 2.2 .7 ...

$40,000 to $49,999 10.0 ........................... – 3.8 5.3 .9 4.9 – 1.6 2.9 4.4 1.1 2.6

$50,000 to $59,999 8.8 ........................... – 1.6 5.1 2.2 5.6 – .5 1.8 5.3 1.3 2.9

$60,000 to $79,999 10.3 ........................... – 2.8 4.6 2.9 5.5 – 1.2 2.7 4.8 1.6 2.8

$80,000 to $99,999 7.8 ........................... – .7 4.6 2.6 5.9 – – .9 5.4 1.5 3.1

$100,000 to $119,999 3.9 ......................... – .9 2.2 .8 ... – .4 .4 1.8 1.3 ...

$120,000 or more 5.5 ............................. – .9 2.3 2.4 6.1 – .4 .5 3.0 1.7 3.1

Median 33 557 ...................................... ... 22 786 42 296 61 036 ... ... 21 221 23 898 48 276 58 718 ...

Monthly Housing Costs

Less than $100 1.1 ............................... – .7 .4 – ... – .3 .4 .4 – ...

$100 to $199 3.5 ................................. – .6 2.6 .2 ... – .2 1.1 2.0 .2 ...

$200 to $249 3.3 ................................. – .9 2.2 .2 ... – .2 1.1 1.7 .2 ...

$250 to $299 4.8 ................................. – .2 2.5 2.1 ... – – .9 2.1 1.9 ...

$300 to $349 4.5 ................................. .3 1.4 1.9 .9 ... .3 .5 .9 2.1 .7 ...

$350 to $399 2.8 ................................. .2 .4 1.5 .6 ... – .7 – 1.3 .9 ...

$400 to $449 2.9 ................................. .5 1.0 .9 .4 ... – 1.3 .3 .9 .4 ...

$450 to $499 5.8 ................................. – 4.2 .8 .9 3.9 – 2.3 2.1 .6 .9 1.8

$500 to $599 9.9 ................................. .2 6.9 2.3 .4 3.9 – 4.7 2.9 2.1 .2 1.6

$600 to $699 11.3 ................................. .2 8.3 2.5 .2 3.8 – 2.6 7.3 1.4 – 1.9

$700 to $799 8.8 ................................. – 5.1 3.5 .2 4.2 – .9 5.5 2.2 .2 2.1

$800 to $999 15.2 ................................. – 7.8 6.3 1.1 4.4 – 2.6 6.5 5.1 .9 2.3

$1,000 to $1,249 10.7 ............................. – 2.4 6.6 1.7 5.4 – – 3.3 6.3 1.1 2.8

$1,250 to $1,499 6.9 ............................. – .7 4.1 2.2 5.9 – – 1.3 5.0 .7 2.9

$1,500 or more 14.1 ............................... – 1.1 7.1 5.9 6.2 – .5 .8 8.3 4.4 3.2

No cash rent .7 ................................. – .2 .5 – ... – .2 .3 .2 – ...

Median (excludes no cash rent) 733 ............... ... 654 847 1 188 ... ... 562 706 955 969 ...

Median Monthly Housing Costs for

Owners

Monthly costs including all mortgages plus

maintenance costs 896 .......................... ... 778 821 1 207 ... ... 342 760 1 007 587 ...

Monthly costs excluding second and

subsequent mortgages and maintenance

costs 843 ...................................... ... 762 761 1 196 ... ... 342 705 943 547 ...

188 AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 6~17. Rooms in Unit by Household and Unit Size, Income, and CostsmOccupied Units

With Hispanic HouseholdermCon.

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Occupied units

Rooms Bedrooms

Total

1 and 2

rooms

3 and 4

rooms

5 and 6

rooms

7 rooms

or more Median No rooms 1 room 2 rooms 3 rooms

4 rooms

or more Median

OWNER OCCUPIED UNITS

Total 47.3 ................................ – 5.9 28.2 13.2 5.8 – .5 8.9 27.9 10.0 3.0

Value

Less than $10,000 1.0 ............................ – – .7 .4 ... – – – .4 .6 ...

$10,000 to $19,999 .2 ........................... – – .2 – ... – – – .2 – ...

$20,000 to $29,999 1.1 ........................... – .6 .4 – ... – .3 .3 .4 – ...

$30,000 to $39,999 – ........................... – – – – ... – – – – – ...

$40,000 to $49,999 .2 ........................... – – .2 – ... – – – .2 – ...

$50,000 to $59,999 .2 ........................... – .2 – – ... – – – – .2 ...

$60,000 to $69,999 1.2 ........................... – .6 .6 – ... – – .6 .4 .2 ...

$70,000 to $79,999 .7 ........................... – – .7 – ... – – .2 .5 – ...

$80,000 to $99,999 2.4 ........................... – .8 1.4 .2 ... – – 1.0 1.4 – ...

$100,000 to $119,999 2.4 ......................... – .9 1.3 .2 ... – – 1.1 1.1 .2 ...

$120,000 to $149,999 6.0 ......................... – 1.1 4.5 .4 5.3 – – 2.0 3.8 .2 2.8

$150,000 to $199,999 13.6 ......................... – .9 9.5 3.2 5.7 – – 2.0 9.4 2.1 3.0

$200,000 to $249,999 8.6 ......................... – .4 5.8 2.4 5.8 – – 1.5 5.4 1.7 3.0

$250,000 to $299,999 3.0 ......................... – .2 1.1 1.7 ... – – .2 1.3 1.5 ...

$300,000 or more 6.6 ............................. – .2 1.7 4.7 6.5+ – .2 – 3.2 3.2 3.5

Median 179 837 ...................................... ... 117 478 170 811 245 828 ... ... ... 139 010 178 320 240 237 ...

1Does not include multiunits, cooperatives or condominiums.

AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998 189

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 6~18. Square Footage by Household and Unit Size, Income, and CostsmOccupied Units

With Hispanic Householder

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Size of occupied detached 1~family homes and 1~family mobile homes

Total

Less than 500

square feet

500 to 999

square feet

1000 to 1499

square feet

1500 to 1999

square feet

2000 to 2499

square feet

2500

square

feet or

more

Not

reported Median

Total 64.7 ................................ 1.6 4.8 17.7 12.2 4.9 4.1 19.4 1 460

Persons

1 person 7.4 ..................................... .5 1.3 1.9 .4 .4 .7 2.2 1 212 2 persons 12.7 .................................... .3 .2 3.8 3.9 1.5 1.1 2.0 1 632 3 persons 12.2 .................................... .3 1.1 4.1 2.5 .2 .2 3.7 1 346 4 persons 16.4 .................................... .2 .9 4.1 3.5 1.3 .4 5.9 1 499 5 persons 10.0 .................................... .2 .7 3.0 1.1 1.1 1.5 2.4 1 485 6 persons 3.5 .................................... – .4 .6 .6 – – 1.9 ... 7 persons or more 2.5 ............................ – .2 .2 .2 .4 .2 1.1 ... Median 3.5 ...................................... ... ... 3.3 3.2 ... ... 3.8 ...

Rooms

1 room – ...................................... – – – – – – – ...

2 rooms .3 ..................................... .3 – – – – – – ...

3 rooms 3.1 ..................................... .5 1.0 – – .2 – 1.4 ...

4 rooms 8.7 ..................................... .5 2.5 2.4 .2 – – 3.1 956

5 rooms 19.9 ..................................... – 1.3 8.1 2.7 .7 .2 7.0 1 319

6 rooms 16.7 ..................................... .2 – 5.8 5.1 .8 .4 4.2 1 520

7 rooms 9.8 ..................................... – – 1.5 3.2 2.1 1.1 1.9 1 888

8 rooms 3.8 ..................................... – – – .9 .4 1.5 1.1 ...

9 rooms 1.9 ..................................... – – – .2 .6 .7 .4 ...

10 rooms or more .5 ............................. – – – – – .2 .2 ...

Median 5.5 ...................................... ... ... 5.3 6.1 ... ... 5.2 ...

Bedrooms

None .3 ........................................ .3 – – – – – – ...

1 3.0 ........................................... .7 1.0 – – – – 1.4 ...

2 14.3 ........................................... .2 2.7 4.5 1.1 .4 .4 4.9 1 199

3 34.5 ........................................... – 1.1 12.1 8.6 1.9 .9 9.8 1 464

4 or more 12.6 .................................... .4 – 1.1 2.5 2.6 2.8 3.2 2 139

Median 2.9 ...................................... ... ... 2.9 3.1 ... ... 2.8 ...

Complete Bathrooms

None .4 ........................................ .4 – – – – – – ... 1 25.7 ........................................... 1.0 3.7 6.8 2.1 .9 .2 11.1 1 193 1 and one~half 6.3 ................................ .2 .4 2.8 .8 .2 .2 1.6 1 305 2 or more 32.3 .................................... – .6 8.2 9.3 3.8 3.7 6.7 1 718

Lot Size1

Less than one~eighth acre 20.0 ..................... .9 2.6 6.4 3.3 .9 .7 5.3 1 302

One~eighth up to one~quarter acre 29.6 .............. .5 1.3 7.9 5.7 3.2 1.5 9.5 1 533

One~quarter up to one~half acre 9.4 ................. .2 .5 1.5 2.5 .4 1.3 3.1 1 708

One~half up to one acre 2.2 ........................ – .2 .6 – .2 .4 .7 ...

1 up to 5 acres 1.3 ............................... – – .2 .2 .2 .2 .4 ...

5 up to 10 acres .2 .............................. – – – .2 – – – ...

10 acres or more .9 ............................. – .2 .2 – – – .5 ...

Median .18 ...................................... ... ... .16 .19 ... ... .19 ...

Income of Families and Primary

Individuals

Less than $5,000 3.5 ............................. .3 – .9 .4 – .6 1.3 ...

$5,000 to $9,999 3.5 ............................. .2 .7 .8 .2 .2 – 1.3 ...

$10,000 to $14,999 1.9 ........................... – .4 .5 – .2 – .9 ...

$15,000 to $19,999 4.0 ........................... – .4 .4 .6 – – 2.5 ...

$20,000 to $24,999 6.6 ........................... .5 .8 1.9 .4 .2 .2 2.4 1 183

$25,000 to $29,999 5.1 ........................... – .6 .9 .7 – .7 2.3 ...

$30,000 to $34,999 3.4 ........................... .3 .2 .7 .9 .4 – .9 ...

$35,000 to $39,999 3.0 ........................... – .2 .8 .4 .6 .4 .4 ...

$40,000 to $49,999 5.5 ........................... .2 .2 1.8 1.1 .4 .2 1.5 1 435

$50,000 to $59,999 7.0 ........................... – .4 2.6 .6 .7 .4 2.3 1 376

$60,000 to $79,999 7.4 ........................... – .4 2.4 2.4 .6 .2 1.3 1 546

$80,000 to $99,999 6.9 ........................... – .2 2.6 1.9 .4 .4 1.3 1 499

$100,000 to $119,999 3.0 ......................... – – .7 1.3 .4 .2 .4 ...

$120,000 or more 3.8 ............................. – – .8 1.3 .7 .6 .4 ...

Median 42 261 ...................................... ... ... 50 505 66 213 ... ... 27 803 ...

Monthly Housing Costs

Less than $100 .5 ............................... – .3 – – – – .2 ...

$100 to $199 2.6 ................................. – .4 .7 .2 .2 .2 .9 ...

$200 to $249 2.6 ................................. .2 – .9 .2 .2 .2 .9 ...

$250 to $299 4.6 ................................. – .2 .4 1.0 .4 .2 2.3 ...

$300 to $349 3.6 ................................. .6 – .4 1.5 .2 .4 .4 ...

$350 to $399 1.7 ................................. – – .2 .4 – .2 .9 ...

$400 to $449 1.4 ................................. – – .2 .2 – – 1.0 ...

$450 to $499 3.0 ................................. – .6 .4 – .4 .2 1.3 ...

$500 to $599 2.7 ................................. .2 .4 .4 – .4 – 1.2 ...

$600 to $699 4.6 ................................. .3 1.0 .7 .4 – .2 1.8 ...

$700 to $799 5.0 ................................. – .7 1.9 .4 .2 .2 1.6 ...

$800 to $999 6.7 ................................. .2 .4 2.2 1.1 .2 .2 2.2 1 356

$1,000 to $1,249 7.3 ............................. – .4 3.5 1.3 – .4 1.7 1 341

$1,250 to $1,499 5.7 ............................. – .2 2.3 .9 .7 .4 1.1 1 436

$1,500 or more 12.6 ............................... – – 3.2 4.5 1.9 1.1 2.0 1 739

No cash rent .2 ................................. – – .2 – – – – ...

Median (excludes no cash rent) 800 ............... ... ... 1 017 1 097 ... ... 639 ...

Median Monthly Housing Costs for

Owners

Monthly costs including all mortgages plus

maintenance costs 900 .......................... ... ... 1 079 1 293 ... ... 588 ...

Monthly costs excluding second and

subsequent mortgages and maintenance

costs 837 ...................................... ... ... 1 005 1 200 ... ... 531 ...

190 AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 6~18. Square Footage by Household and Unit Size, Income, and CostsmOccupied Units

With Hispanic HouseholdermCon.

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Size of occupied detached 1~family homes and 1~family mobile homes

Total

Less than 500

square feet

500 to 999

square feet

1000 to 1499

square feet

1500 to 1999

square feet

2000 to 2499

square feet

2500

square

feet or

more

Not

reported Median

OWNER OCCUPIED UNITS

Total 42.5 ................................ .8 1.7 11.1 9.6 4.3 3.0 12.1 1 586

Value

Less than $10,000 .8 ............................ – – – .4 – – .4 ... $10,000 to $19,999 .2 ........................... – – – – – – .2 ... $20,000 to $29,999 1.1 ........................... .3 – – – – – .7 ... $30,000 to $39,999 – ........................... – – – – – – – ... $40,000 to $49,999 .2 ........................... – – – – – – .2 ... $50,000 to $59,999 .2 ........................... .2 – – – – – – ... $60,000 to $69,999 1.0 ........................... .2 .4 .2 – – – .2 ... $70,000 to $79,999 .7 ........................... – – .2 – – – .5 ... $80,000 to $99,999 1.9 ........................... – .2 1.2 – – – .6 ... $100,000 to $119,999 1.8 ......................... – .2 .4 – – .2 .9 ... $120,000 to $149,999 5.3 ......................... – .2 2.1 .8 – .2 2.0 ... $150,000 to $199,999 12.2 ......................... – .2 3.7 2.4 1.3 .9 3.8 1 559 $200,000 to $249,999 8.2 ......................... – .2 2.6 2.6 1.3 .2 1.3 1 625 $250,000 to $299,999 2.6 ......................... – .2 .2 .8 .2 .7 .4 ... $300,000 or more 6.2 ............................. – – .4 2.6 1.5 .9 .8 1 935 Median 182 383 ...................................... ... ... 168 919 223 376 ... ... 153 792 ...

1Does not include multiunits, cooperatives or condominiums.

AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998 191

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 6~19. Detailed Tenure by Financial CharacteristicsmOccupied Units With Hispanic

Householder

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Owner occupied Renter occupied

With mortgage With no mortgage All renters Unsubsidized renters1

Not specified Not specified

Total Specified

Condo

or

Coop Other Total Specified

Condo

or

Coop Other Specified Other Specified Other

Total 31.3 ................................ 26.6 3.0 1.6 16.0 13.3 .6 2.1 58.4 .6 51.2 .6

Income of Families and Primary

Individuals

Less than $5,000 .7 ............................. .4 – .2 1.9 1.7 – .2 4.1 – 3.9 –

$5,000 to $9,999 .6 ............................. .6 – – 1.3 1.3 – – 5.8 – 4.3 –

$10,000 to $14,999 .2 ........................... .2 – – .8 .5 – .4 5.5 – 4.8 –

$15,000 to $19,999 .9 ........................... .7 .2 – 1.0 .7 – .3 6.7 .2 5.7 .2

$20,000 to $24,999 .8 ........................... .5 – .3 1.4 1.1 – .3 9.9 .2 8.5 .2

$25,000 to $29,999 1.9 ........................... 1.5 .2 .2 .7 .4 – .3 4.2 – 3.5 –

$30,000 to $34,999 1.1 ........................... 1.1 – – .7 .4 – .3 4.3 – 3.9 –

$35,000 to $39,999 2.1 ........................... 1.5 .4 .2 .7 .7 – – 2.2 – 2.0 –

$40,000 to $49,999 4.4 ........................... 3.7 .7 – .9 .9 – – 4.6 .2 4.0 .2

$50,000 to $59,999 3.7 ........................... 3.5 – .2 2.0 1.7 – .3 3.0 – 3.0 –

$60,000 to $79,999 5.1 ........................... 4.7 .2 .2 1.7 1.3 .4 – 3.5 – 3.2 –

$80,000 to $99,999 5.4 ........................... 4.3 1.1 – .6 .6 – – 1.7 – 1.7 –

$100,000 to $119,999 1.7 ......................... 1.7 – – .6 .6 – – 1.6 – 1.4 –

$120,000 or more 2.6 ............................. 2.2 .2 .2 1.7 1.5 .2 – 1.3 – 1.3 –

Median 57 885 ...................................... 58 938 ... ... 36 482 39 826 ... ... 23 597 ... 24 076 ...

Monthly Housing Costs

Less than $100 .2 ............................... – – .2 .2 .2 – – .7 – .7 –

$100 to $199 .4 ................................. .4 – – 2.0 2.0 – – 1.1 – – –

$200 to $249 .4 ................................. .4 – – 2.4 2.2 .2 – .4 – – –

$250 to $299 .9 ................................. .9 – – 3.7 3.2 – .5 .2 – .2 –

$300 to $349 – ................................. – – – 3.3 3.0 – .3 1.2 – 1.0 –

$350 to $399 .4 ................................. .2 – .2 1.1 1.1 – – 1.3 – .9 –

$400 to $449 .7 ................................. .4 .2 – .7 .2 .2 .3 1.5 – 1.5 –

$450 to $499 .7 ................................. .7 – – 1.3 .7 – .6 3.9 – 3.5 – $500 to $599 1.1 ................................. .7 .2 .2 1.0 .4 .2 .3 7.8 – 6.4 – $600 to $699 1.1 ................................. 1.1 – – – – – – 10.0 .2 9.6 .2 $700 to $799 1.2 ................................. .9 – .3 .2 .2 – – 7.4 – 6.8 – $800 to $999 3.1 ................................. 2.6 .5 – – – – – 11.9 .2 10.4 .2 $1,000 to $1,249 4.5 ............................. 3.4 1.1 – – – – – 6.1 – 5.9 – $1,250 to $1,499 4.1 ............................. 3.9 .2 – .2 .2 – – 2.4 .2 2.2 .2 $1,500 or more 12.4 ............................... 10.9 .8 .7 – – – – 1.7 – 1.7 – No cash rent ... ................................. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .7 – .5 – Median (excludes no cash rent) 1 305 ............... 1 348 ... ... 297 286 ... ... 709 ... 723 ...

Median Monthly Housing Costs for

Owners

Monthly costs including all mortgages plus

maintenance costs 1 347 .......................... 1 391 ... ... 334 325 ... ... ... ... ... ...

Monthly costs excluding second and

subsequent mortgages and maintenance

costs 1 295 ...................................... 1 340 ... ... 297 286 ... ... ... ... ... ...

Monthly Housing Costs as Percent of

Current Income2

Less than 5 percent .7 ........................... .4 – .2 3.6 3.4 .2 – – – – –

5 to 9 percent 1.8 ................................ 1.8 – – 3.1 2.4 .4 .3 2.0 – 1.6 –

10 to 14 percent 2.4 .............................. 2.0 .4 – 3.5 3.2 – .3 4.0 – 3.5 –

15 to 19 percent 5.9 .............................. 4.8 .9 .2 1.9 1.3 – .6 6.6 – 6.4 –

20 to 24 percent 4.8 .............................. 4.6 .2 – .4 .4 – – 5.3 – 4.7 –

25 to 29 percent 3.2 .............................. 2.5 .4 .2 .2 .2 – – 5.6 .2 4.5 .2

30 to 34 percent 3.1 .............................. 2.6 .2 .2 .3 – – .3 7.8 – 7.1 –

35 to 39 percent 2.5 .............................. 2.1 .4 – – – – – 4.8 – 3.7 –

40 to 49 percent 2.7 .............................. 2.2 .2 .3 .6 .2 – .4 5.8 .4 4.9 .4

50 to 59 percent 1.3 .............................. 1.3 – – – – – – 5.1 – 4.5 –

60 to 69 percent .6 .............................. .6 – – .2 .2 – – 1.8 – 1.5 –

70 to 99 percent 1.1 .............................. .7 .2 .2 .4 .4 – – 3.2 – 2.8 –

100 percent or more4.......................... .6 .6 – – 1.3 1.0 – .2 4.6 – 4.4 –

Zero or negative income .7 ....................... .4 – .2 .4 .4 – – 1.1 – 1.1 –

No cash rent – ................................. – – – – – – – .7 – .5 –

Median (excludes 2 previous lines) 25 ........... 25 ... ... 12 11 ... ... 33 ... 33 ...

Median (excludes 3 lines before medians) 25 ..... 24 ... ... 11 10 ... ... 32 ... 31 ...

192 AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 6~19. Detailed Tenure by Financial CharacteristicsmOccupied Units With Hispanic

HouseholdermCon.

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Owner occupied Renter occupied

With mortgage With no mortgage All renters Unsubsidized renters1

Not specified Not specified

Total Specified

Condo

or

Coop Other Total Specified

Condo

or

Coop Other Specified Other Specified Other

OWNER OCCUPIED UNITS

Total 31.3 ................................ 26.6 3.0 1.6 16.0 13.3 .6 2.1 ... ... ... ...

Value

Less than $10,000 .7 ............................ .2 – .4 .4 .4 – – ... ... ... ... $10,000 to $19,999 – ........................... – – – .2 .2 – – ... ... ... ... $20,000 to $29,999 .2 ........................... .2 – – .8 .2 – .6 ... ... ... ... $30,000 to $39,999 – ........................... – – – – – – – ... ... ... ... $40,000 to $49,999 – ........................... – – – .2 .2 – – ... ... ... ... $50,000 to $59,999 – ........................... – – – .2 .2 – – ... ... ... ... $60,000 to $69,999 .4 ........................... .4 – – .8 .2 .2 .4 ... ... ... ... $70,000 to $79,999 .4 ........................... .4 – – .3 – – .3 ... ... ... ... $80,000 to $99,999 1.6 ........................... .8 .4 .3 .8 .2 – .6 ... ... ... ... $100,000 to $119,999 2.0 ......................... 1.3 .7 – .4 .4 – – ... ... ... ... $120,000 to $149,999 4.7 ......................... 4.3 .4 – 1.3 1.3 – – ... ... ... ... $150,000 to $199,999 8.6 ......................... 7.5 .9 .2 5.0 4.8 – .3 ... ... ... ... $200,000 to $249,999 5.2 ......................... 5.0 .2 – 3.4 3.2 .2 – ... ... ... ... $250,000 to $299,999 2.1 ......................... 1.7 .2 .2 .8 .6 .2 – ... ... ... ... $300,000 or more 5.3 ............................. 4.7 .2 .4 1.3 1.3 – – ... ... ... ... Median 182 463 ...................................... 187 170 ... ... 175 339 183 934 ... ... ... ... ... ...

Ratio of Value to Current Income

Less than 1.5 3.0 ................................ 2.4 .5 .2 2.6 1.8 .2 .6 ... ... ... ...

1.5 to 1.9 4.1 .................................... 3.5 .4 .2 1.6 1.1 .2 .3 ... ... ... ...

2.0 to 2.4 2.6 .................................... 2.6 – – 1.8 1.8 – – ... ... ... ...

2.5 to 2.9 4.2 .................................... 3.5 .7 – .6 .4 .2 – ... ... ... ...

3.0 to 3.9 6.2 .................................... 4.9 1.0 .2 1.5 1.5 – – ... ... ... ...

4.0 to 4.9 3.4 .................................... 2.8 .2 .3 1.5 .9 – .6 ... ... ... ...

5.0 or more 7.1 .................................. 6.5 .2 .4 6.0 5.4 – .6 ... ... ... ...

Zero or negative income .7 ....................... .4 – .2 .4 .4 – – ... ... ... ...

Median 3.2 ...................................... 3.2 ... ... 3.8 3.9 ... ... ... ... ... ...

Average Monthly Cost Paid for Real

Estate Taxes

Less than $25 1.9 ................................ 1.5 .2 .2 2.6 .8 .2 1.6 ... ... ... ... $25 to $49 2.5 ................................... 2.2 – .3 2.4 2.4 – – ... ... ... ... $50 to $74 4.2 ................................... 3.8 .2 .2 3.2 3.0 – .2 ... ... ... ...

$75 to $99 2.4 ................................... 1.5 .6 .2 2.5 2.2 – .3 ... ... ... ...

$100 to $149 8.3 ................................. 7.2 .9 .2 2.6 2.6 – – ... ... ... ...

$150 to $199 5.5 ................................. 4.7 .8 – 1.5 1.1 .4 – ... ... ... ...

$200 or more 6.4 ................................. 5.7 .2 .4 1.3 1.3 – – ... ... ... ...

Median 128 ...................................... 130 ... ... 74 81 ... ... ... ... ... ...

OWNERS WITH ONE OR MORE

REGULAR MORTGAGES

Total 29.7 ................................ 25.3 2.8 1.6 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Monthly Payment for Principal and

Interest

One or more regular mortgages 29.7 ................ 25.3 2.8 1.6 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Less than $100 1.3 ............................. 1.1 – .2 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

$100 to $199 .7 ............................... .2 – .4 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

$200 to $249 .6 ............................... .6 – – ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

$250 to $299 .4 ............................... .2 .2 – ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

$300 to $349 – ............................... – – – ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

$350 to $399 .7 ............................... .7 – – ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

$400 to $449 .7 ............................... .7 – – ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

$450 to $499 .2 ............................... .2 – – ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

$500 to $599 2.0 ............................... 1.7 .2 – ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

$600 to $699 2.5 ............................... 1.5 .7 .3 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

$700 to $799 2.2 ............................... 1.7 .4 – ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

$800 to $999 4.3 ............................... 4.1 .2 – ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

$1,000 to $1,249 4.8 ........................... 4.2 .4 .2 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

$1,250 to $1,499 6.0 ........................... 5.3 .2 .4 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

$1500 or more 3.4 ............................. 3.0 .4 – ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Median 968 .................................... 991 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Type of Primary Mortgage

FHA 5.3 ......................................... 4.6 .7 – ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

VA 1.3 .......................................... 1.0 .2 – ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Farmers Home Administration .2 .................. – – .2 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Other types 19.7 .................................. 17.9 1.3 .5 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Don’t know .2 ................................... .2 – – ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Not reported 3.0 ................................. 1.5 .6 .9 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Mortgage Origination

Placed new mortgage(s) 29.5 ....................... 25.3 2.6 1.6 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Primary obtained when property acquired 23.6 ...... 19.8 2.6 1.2 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Obtained later 5.9 .............................. 5.4 – .4 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Assumed .2 .................................... – .2 – ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Wrap~around – ................................. – – – ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Combination of the above – ...................... – – – ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998 193

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 6~19. Detailed Tenure by Financial CharacteristicsmOccupied Units With Hispanic

HouseholdermCon.

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Owner occupied Renter occupied

With mortgage With no mortgage All renters Unsubsidized renters1

Not specified Not specified

Total Specified

Condo

or

Coop Other Total Specified

Condo

or

Coop Other Specified Other Specified Other

OWNERS WITH ONE OR MORE

REGULAR MORTGAGESmCon.

Payment Plan of Primary Mortgage

Fixed payment, self amortizing 20.1 ................. 18.4 1.5 .3 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Adjustable rate mortgage 4.8 ...................... 3.9 .7 .2 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Adjustable term mortgage – ...................... – – – ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Graduated payment mortgage .4 .................. .4 – – ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Balloon – ...................................... – – – ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Other – ....................................... – – – ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Combination of the above .7 ...................... .7 – – ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Not reported 3.6 ................................. 1.9 .6 1.1 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Payment Plan of Secondary Mortgage

Units with two or more mortgages 1.3 ....... 1.1 .2 – ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Fixed payment, self amortizing 1.3 ................. 1.1 .2 – ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Adjustable rate mortgage – ...................... – – – ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Adjustable term mortgage – ...................... – – – ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Graduated payment mortgage – .................. – – – ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Balloon – ...................................... – – – ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Other – ....................................... – – – ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Combination of the above – ...................... – – – ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Not reported – ................................. – – – ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Lenders of Primary and Secondary

Mortgages

Only borrowed from firm(s) 25.6 ..................... 22.9 1.9 .8 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Only borrowed from seller .2 ...................... .2 – – ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Only borrowed from other individual(s) – ........... – – – ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Borrowed from a firm and seller .4 ................. .4 – – ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Borrowed from a firm and other individual .2 ........ – .2 – ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Borrowed from seller and other individual – ........ – – – ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

One or both sources not reported 3.2 ............... 1.7 .6 .9 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

1Excludes units in public housing projects, and housing units with government rent subsides.

2Beginning with 1989 this item uses current income in its calculation, see Appendix A.

3May reflect a temporary situation, living off savings or response error.

194 AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 6~20. Income of Families and Primary Individuals by Selected CharacteristicsmOccupied

Units With Hispanic Householder

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Total

Zero to

neg~

ative

$1 to

$4,999

$5,000

to

$9,999

$10,000

to

$14,999

$15,000

to

$19,999

$20,000

to

$29,999

$30,000

to

$39,999

$40,000

to

$59,999

$60,000

to

$79,999

$80,000

to

$99,999

$100,000

to

$119,999

$120,000

or

more Median

Total 106.3 ................................ 2.4 4.3 7.7 6.5 8.8 19.1 11.1 18.9 10.3 7.8 3.9 5.5 33 893

Units in Structure

1, detached 61.5 .................................. 1.5 1.7 3.2 1.6 3.6 10.5 6.1 12.2 7.4 6.9 3.0 3.8 44 142

1, attached 9.0 ................................... .2 .5 .8 .4 .6 1.1 .6 1.8 1.4 .4 .2 .9 43 169

2 to 4 13.4 ....................................... .2 .7 1.2 1.0 1.8 3.9 1.6 1.6 .4 .2 .2 .4 24 438

5 to 9 7.1 ....................................... .2 – 1.2 1.1 .8 1.1 .6 1.4 .2 .2 .2 – 21 594

10 to 19 4.2 ..................................... – .2 .5 .6 .2 .7 1.4 .6 – – – – ...

20 to 49 5.4 ..................................... – .7 .5 1.0 1.3 .3 .5 .2 .5 – .2 .2 ...

50 or more 2.6 ................................... .2 .2 – .5 – .4 – .7 .4 – – .2 ...

Mobile home or trailer 3.2 ......................... – .3 .3 .4 .3 1.2 .3 .3 – – – – ...

Year Structure Built1

2000 to 2004 – ................................. – – – – – – – – – – – – ... 1995 to 1999 1.3 ................................. – .2 – – – – .2 – .2 .2 .2 .2 ... 1990 to 1994 4.4 ................................. – .4 .2 .2 .2 1.2 .2 .5 .5 .2 .4 .2 ... 1985 to 1989 6.7 ................................. .2 .5 .4 .4 .2 .8 .6 .9 – 1.3 .2 1.1 43 465 1980 to 1984 3.2 ................................. – – – – .4 .4 .9 .4 .6 .2 .2 – ... 1975 to 1979 7.7 ................................. – .5 .2 .6 .2 1.1 1.2 1.8 .9 .4 – .6 38 908 1970 to 1974 9.5 ................................. – .2 .7 1.1 .2 1.8 .7 2.0 .9 .9 .5 .6 40 949 1960 to 1969 22.9 ................................. .4 .4 1.0 1.0 2.8 4.5 2.1 5.0 1.8 1.3 1.3 1.3 35 991 1950 to 1959 22.0 ................................. .7 .9 1.5 1.5 1.3 4.1 2.2 4.0 2.8 1.3 .6 1.1 34 649 1940 to 1949 10.2 ................................. .4 .7 1.4 .4 .4 1.9 .7 2.0 1.1 .7 .5 – 28 870 1930 to 1939 10.6 ................................. .4 .2 1.3 .3 2.2 2.6 1.1 1.3 .9 .2 – – 23 374 1920 to 1929 4.5 ................................. – .2 .5 .2 .4 .3 .4 .7 .6 .7 – .4 ... 1919 or earlier 3.6 ................................ .2 – .4 .7 .4 .4 .7 .2 – .4 – – ... Median 1961 ...................................... ... ... 1952 1961 1957 1960 1962 1962 1959 1965 ... 1970 ...

Rooms

1 room – ...................................... – – – – – – – – – – – – ...

2 rooms 1.5 ..................................... .2 .5 – .3 .3 – .2 – – – – – ...

3 rooms 15.5 ..................................... – .7 2.3 1.6 2.3 3.0 1.7 2.3 1.2 – .4 – 22 867

4 rooms 26.6 ..................................... .5 1.1 2.2 3.2 3.2 7.1 2.6 3.2 1.6 .7 .4 .9 24 416

5 rooms 27.7 ..................................... .7 .6 1.5 .7 1.7 4.9 3.7 6.8 2.6 2.9 .9 .6 39 923

6 rooms 18.0 ..................................... .2 .9 1.3 – 1.2 2.9 1.3 3.6 2.0 1.7 1.3 1.7 46 934

7 rooms 10.7 ..................................... .7 – .4 .2 .2 .7 1.1 2.0 2.7 1.5 .6 .6 61 114

8 rooms 3.8 ..................................... .2 .2 – .2 – .2 .4 .6 – .9 .2 .9 ...

9 rooms 2.1 ..................................... – .2 – .2 – .2 – .2 .2 .2 – .9 ...

10 rooms or more .5 ............................. – – – – – .2 – .2 – – – – ...

Median 4.8 ...................................... ... ... 4.2 3.9 4.1 4.4 4.8 5.1 5.4 5.7 ... 6.3 ...

Bedrooms

None .3 ........................................ – .3 – – – – – – – – – – ...

1 17.0 ........................................... .2 .9 2.1 1.9 2.7 3.1 1.9 2.0 1.2 – .4 .4 22 076

2 34.7 ........................................... .9 1.6 3.3 3.7 3.4 8.5 4.2 4.7 2.7 .9 .4 .5 25 357 3 41.8 ........................................... 1.1 1.1 2.0 .5 2.5 5.8 4.3 9.7 4.8 5.4 1.8 3.0 47 562 4 or more 12.6 .................................... .2 .4 .4 .4 .2 1.8 .7 2.4 1.6 1.5 1.3 1.7 58 598 Median 2.5 ...................................... ... ... 2.0 1.9 2.0 2.3 2.4 2.8 2.8 3.1 ... 3.1 ...

Complete Bathrooms

None .4 ........................................ – – .2 – – .2 – – – – – – ...

1 55.2 ........................................... 1.1 2.4 5.8 4.3 6.6 12.7 6.2 7.8 5.0 1.5 1.3 .4 25 833

1 and one~half 11.8 ................................ .4 .7 .8 .9 .7 2.1 1.3 3.2 .4 .7 .4 .2 32 467

2 or more 38.9 .................................... .9 1.2 .9 1.3 1.6 4.1 3.7 7.8 4.9 5.6 2.1 4.9 55 057

Main Heating Equipment

Warm~air furnace 64.4 ............................. 1.5 2.9 4.2 3.1 3.6 9.1 6.2 14.0 5.7 5.6 3.0 5.3 42 105

Steam or hot water system 2.6 ..................... .2 – – .2 .2 – .2 .9 .6 – – .2 ...

Electric heat pump .7 ............................ – – – – .4 – – – – .2 – – ...

Built~in electric units 6.2 ........................... – .2 1.1 – 1.1 .7 .7 1.1 .9 .2 .2 – 29 759

Floor, wall, or other built~in hot air units without

ducts 23.4 ....................................... .5 1.1 1.7 2.8 2.6 6.7 3.0 1.7 1.6 1.3 .5 – 24 583

Room heaters with flue 5.5 ........................ – – – .4 .9 1.1 .4 .7 1.5 .5 – – 37 777

Room heaters without flue – ..................... – – – – – – – – – – – – ...

Portable electric heaters .6 ....................... – – – – – .4 – .2 – – – – ...

Stoves – ...................................... – – – – – – – – – – – – ...

Fireplaces with inserts – ......................... – – – – – – – – – – – – ...

Fireplaces without inserts – ...................... – – – – – – – – – – – – ...

Other .3 ....................................... – – – – – .3 – – – – – – ...

Cooking stove .4 ................................ .2 – – – – – – – – – .2 – ...

None 2.1 ........................................ – – .7 – – .7 .5 .2 – – – – ...

Primary Source of Water

Public system or private company 105.0 ............... 2.4 4.3 7.7 6.5 8.6 18.9 10.9 18.6 9.8 7.8 3.9 5.5 33 748 Well serving 1 to 5 units .7 ....................... – – – – .2 .2 – – .2 – – – ...

Drilled .4 ..................................... – – – – .2 – – – .2 – – – ...

Dug – ....................................... – – – – – – – – – – – – ...

Not reported .2 ............................... – – – – – .2 – – – – – – ...

Other .7 ....................................... – – – – – – .2 .3 .2 – – – ...

Means of Sewage Disposal

Public sewer 105.5 ................................. 2.2 4.3 7.7 6.5 8.6 19.1 11.1 18.9 10.1 7.6 3.9 5.5 33 886

Septic tank, cesspool, chemical toilet .9 ............ .2 – – – .2 – – – .2 .2 – – ...

Other – ....................................... – – – – – – – – – – – – ...

Main House Heating Fuel

Housing units with heating fuel 104.2 ......... 2.4 4.3 7.0 6.5 8.8 18.4 10.6 18.6 10.3 7.8 3.9 5.5 34 402

Electricity 22.3 .................................... .4 1.3 1.7 .7 2.9 3.9 2.0 5.1 1.3 1.1 .8 1.1 31 402

Piped gas 79.5 .................................... 1.6 2.7 5.1 5.5 5.7 13.9 8.6 13.5 8.6 6.7 3.1 4.4 36 031

Bottled gas 1.1 ................................... – .3 .2 – .2 .3 – – – – – – ...

Fuel oil .2 ...................................... .2 – – – – – – – – – – – ...

Kerosene or other liquid fuel – .................... – – – – – – – – – – – – ...

Coal or coke – ................................. – – – – – – – – – – – – ...

Wood .2 ....................................... .2 – – – – – – – – – – – ...

Solar energy .2 ................................. – – – – – – – – .2 – – – ...

Other .7 ....................................... – – – .2 – .3 – – .2 – – – ...

AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998 195

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 6~20. Income of Families and Primary Individuals by Selected CharacteristicsmOccupied

Units With Hispanic HouseholdermCon.

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Total

Zero to

neg~

ative

$1 to

$4,999

$5,000

to

$9,999

$10,000

to

$14,999

$15,000

to

$19,999

$20,000

to

$29,999

$30,000

to

$39,999

$40,000

to

$59,999

$60,000

to

$79,999

$80,000

to

$99,999

$100,000

to

$119,999

$120,000

or

more Median

Cooking Fuel

With cooking fuel 104.7 ..................... 2.4 4.0 7.3 6.5 8.8 18.4 11.1 18.6 10.3 7.8 3.9 5.5 34 420 Electricity 52.4 .................................... 1.3 2.8 2.7 4.2 4.9 6.4 5.5 10.4 3.6 4.1 2.6 3.8 36 952 Piped gas 51.7 .................................... 1.1 .9 4.6 2.3 3.9 11.7 5.6 8.2 6.7 3.7 1.3 1.7 32 466 Bottled gas .6 ................................... – .3 – – – .3 – – – – – – ... Kerosene or other liquid fuel – .................... – – – – – – – – – – – – ... Coal or coke – ................................. – – – – – – – – – – – – ... Wood – ....................................... – – – – – – – – – – – – ... Other – ....................................... – – – – – – – – – – – – ...

Persons

1 person 14.2 ..................................... .2 .9 2.8 1.0 1.5 2.4 1.8 2.3 1.3 – – – 22 944

2 persons 23.0 .................................... .9 1.6 2.6 1.1 1.8 2.0 2.6 5.0 2.3 1.3 .4 1.3 35 509

3 persons 22.2 .................................... .4 1.1 .7 1.4 2.0 4.7 3.0 2.5 1.5 2.2 1.3 1.5 32 913

4 persons 23.1 .................................... .7 .2 .5 1.3 1.5 5.0 1.0 5.1 2.2 3.0 .9 1.7 45 160

5 persons 15.2 .................................... .2 .2 1.1 .9 .9 3.6 1.7 2.4 1.5 .9 .9 .8 33 763

6 persons 5.0 .................................... – .2 – .4 1.0 1.1 .6 .4 1.0 – – .2 ...

7 persons or more 3.6 ............................ – – – .2 .2 .5 .2 1.1 .5 .5 .4 – ...

Median 3.2 ...................................... ... ... 1.9 3.3 3.1 3.6 2.9 3.3 3.5 3.7 ... 3.5 ...

Household Composition by Age of

Householder

2~or~more person households 92.1 .................. 2.2 3.4 4.9 5.5 7.4 16.7 9.3 16.5 9.0 7.8 3.9 5.5 36 486 Married~couple families, no nonrelatives 60.9 ....... 1.3 1.4 1.1 2.3 4.5 11.9 5.4 11.1 7.3 6.7 2.4 5.5 44 665 Under 25 years 3.1 ........................... .4 – – .3 – .6 .2 1.1 .2 .2 – – ... 25 to 29 years 8.6 ............................ – – .2 .4 .8 2.4 .3 2.0 1.2 .5 .4 .2 40 717 30 to 34 years 12.4 ............................ – .5 – .9 1.3 2.7 1.1 2.4 1.8 .9 .2 .6 37 394 35 to 44 years 16.7 ............................ .5 .2 – .4 1.3 3.4 1.7 2.4 1.7 2.1 1.1 1.9 47 140 45 to 64 years 13.9 ............................ .4 – .2 .2 .4 1.9 .8 2.7 1.7 2.7 .6 2.1 62 623 65 years and over 6.2 ........................ – .7 .7 – .7 .9 1.1 .4 .6 .4 – .6 31 392 Other male householder 13.0 ..................... .2 .5 .7 1.8 1.5 1.3 1.1 3.4 1.0 .6 .9 – 34 691 Under 45 years 10.6 ........................... .2 .2 .3 1.6 1.5 1.3 1.1 2.3 .8 .6 .7 – 31 639 45 to 64 years 2.2 ............................ – .2 .4 .2 – – – .9 .2 – .2 – ... 65 years and over .3 ........................ – – – – – – – .3 – – – – ... Other female householder 18.2 ................... .7 1.5 3.1 1.4 1.4 3.5 2.9 2.0 .7 .4 .7 – 23 037 Under 45 years 12.3 ........................... .2 1.3 2.5 1.2 .7 2.4 1.8 1.1 .2 .4 .5 – 21 095 45 to 64 years 4.6 ............................ .2 .2 .6 – .2 .9 .9 .8 .5 – .2 – ... 65 years and over 1.3 ........................ .2 – – .2 .4 .2 .2 – – – – – ... 1~person households 14.2 .......................... .2 .9 2.8 1.0 1.5 2.4 1.8 2.3 1.3 – – – 22 944 Male householder 7.4 ........................... – .5 1.5 .8 – 1.3 1.2 1.4 .9 – – – 28 057 Under 45 years 4.2 ........................... – .5 .4 – – 1.0 .5 1.2 .7 – – – ... 45 to 64 years 1.9 ............................ – – .8 .2 – – .5 .2 .2 – – – ... 65 years and over 1.3 ........................ – – .2 .6 – .3 .2 – – – – – ...

Female householder 6.8 ........................ .2 .4 1.4 .2 1.5 1.2 .6 .9 .4 – – – 18 944

Under 45 years 2.7 ........................... .2 – – .2 .5 .4 .4 .7 .2 – – – ...

45 to 64 years 2.2 ............................ – .2 .6 – – .7 .2 .2 .2 – – – ...

65 years and over 2.0 ........................ – .2 .8 – 1.0 – – – – – – – ...

Own Never Married Children Under 18

Years Old

No own children under 18 years 53.1 ................ 1.3 3.0 6.0 3.7 3.6 6.7 5.5 8.8 5.2 4.8 2.0 2.5 33 967 With own children under 18 years 53.2 ............... 1.1 1.3 1.8 2.8 5.2 12.4 5.6 10.1 5.1 3.0 1.9 3.0 33 819 Under 6 years only 14.1 .......................... .4 – .5 1.2 1.1 3.6 1.4 2.3 1.3 1.1 .4 .9 32 447 1 5.7 ....................................... .2 – .2 – .4 1.3 1.2 1.0 .4 – .4 .4 35 273 2 7.6 ....................................... – – .2 1.0 .6 1.8 .2 1.3 .9 1.1 – .4 36 990 3 or more .9 ................................ .2 – – .2 – .4 – – – – – – ... 6 to 17 years only 25.9 ........................... .2 1.1 1.1 .5 1.9 5.8 3.5 5.3 2.4 1.1 1.1 1.9 36 711 1 11.4 ....................................... .2 .7 .8 .2 .9 1.7 1.8 2.2 1.5 .4 .4 .4 36 329 2 9.9 ....................................... – .2 – – .4 2.8 1.3 2.4 .7 .6 .2 1.3 42 538 3 or more 4.5 ................................ – .2 .2 .2 .6 1.3 .4 .7 .2 – .4 .2 ... Both age groups 13.2 ............................ .4 .2 .2 1.1 2.1 3.0 .7 2.4 1.5 .8 .4 .2 28 164 2 4.7 ....................................... .4 – – .2 .9 1.0 – .9 .2 .8 .2 – ... 3 or more 8.5 ................................ – .2 .2 .9 1.3 2.0 .7 1.5 1.3 – .2 .2 28 334

Monthly Housing Costs

Less than $100 1.1 ............................... .2 – .7 .2 – – – – – – – – ...

$100 to $199 3.5 ................................. – .4 .9 – .2 .7 – .7 .4 .2 – – ...

$200 to $249 3.3 ................................. .2 .5 .4 .2 .4 .4 .2 .2 .7 – – – ...

$250 to $299 4.8 ................................. .2 .4 .4 .2 .2 .6 .6 .7 .4 .5 – .4 ...

$300 to $349 4.5 ................................. .2 .7 .2 .2 – 1.0 .4 .5 .2 – .2 .8 ...

$350 to $399 2.8 ................................. – .2 .2 – .7 .4 .4 .2 .2 .2 .2 – ...

$400 to $449 2.9 ................................. – .2 – .8 .3 .5 – .7 .2 .2 – – ...

$450 to $499 5.8 ................................. .2 – .2 1.2 1.3 1.1 .5 .4 – .4 .4 – 19 869

$500 to $599 9.9 ................................. .2 .3 2.4 .5 1.9 2.2 1.1 .5 .2 .2 – .4 19 175

$600 to $699 11.3 ................................. .2 .5 .4 1.1 1.7 3.3 1.5 1.1 .8 .2 .2 .2 25 247

$700 to $799 8.8 ................................. – – .2 .9 .8 3.4 1.1 1.3 .4 .2 .5 – 27 351

$800 to $999 15.2 ................................. .2 .6 .7 .5 1.1 2.8 2.0 4.6 1.8 .5 .2 .2 38 189

$1,000 to $1,249 10.7 ............................. .2 .2 .5 .5 .2 1.3 1.7 2.0 1.7 1.5 .4 .4 47 447

$1,250 to $1,499 6.9 ............................. .2 – .2 – – .9 .6 2.6 .5 1.3 – .6 51 614

$1,500 or more 14.1 ............................... .2 .2 – .2 – .2 .9 3.2 2.7 2.4 1.7 2.4 75 677

No cash rent .7 ................................. – – .2 – – .3 – .2 – – – – ...

Median (excludes no cash rent) 733 ............... ... ... 527 580 568 675 771 935 969 1 206 ... 1 338 ...

Median Monthly Housing Costs for

Owners

Monthly costs including all mortgages plus

maintenance costs 896 .......................... ... ... 371 458 512 416 915 1 138 1 173 1 186 ... 1500+ ...

Monthly costs excluding second and

subsequent mortgages and maintenance

costs 843 ...................................... ... ... 324 458 512 393 915 993 1 141 1 158 ... 1500+ ...

196 AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 6~20. Income of Families and Primary Individuals by Selected CharacteristicsmOccupied

Units With Hispanic HouseholdermCon.

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Total

Zero to

neg~

ative

$1 to

$4,999

$5,000

to

$9,999

$10,000

to

$14,999

$15,000

to

$19,999

$20,000

to

$29,999

$30,000

to

$39,999

$40,000

to

$59,999

$60,000

to

$79,999

$80,000

to

$99,999

$100,000

to

$119,999

$120,000

or

more Median

Monthly Housing Costs as Percent of

Current Income2

Less than 5 percent 4.2 ........................... – – – – – – – .6 1.1 .4 .2 1.9 ...

5 to 9 percent 6.9 ................................ – – – .2 .2 .4 .4 1.4 1.1 1.3 1.3 .4 73 168

10 to 14 percent 9.9 .............................. – – .5 – .2 1.6 1.1 2.4 1.5 .9 .4 1.3 52 849

15 to 19 percent 14.3 .............................. .2 .3 .4 .2 .4 1.4 1.6 2.4 2.6 2.6 .9 1.3 61 513

20 to 24 percent 10.5 .............................. – – .4 – – 1.3 1.1 3.0 1.6 1.5 1.1 .6 56 625

25 to 29 percent 9.2 .............................. – – – .4 .7 2.2 1.9 2.3 1.0 .8 – – 37 230

30 to 34 percent 11.2 .............................. – – .2 .3 2.1 3.9 1.6 2.4 .5 .2 – – 27 708

35 to 39 percent 7.3 .............................. – – .7 .2 .9 2.4 1.7 1.2 .2 – – – 27 664

40 to 49 percent 9.6 .............................. – .2 .5 .8 1.6 3.7 .2 2.4 .2 – – – 24 634

50 to 59 percent 6.4 .............................. – – .4 1.7 1.9 .8 .8 .3 .5 – – – 17 871

60 to 69 percent 2.7 .............................. – .2 .5 .6 .2 .7 – .2 .2 – – – ...

70 to 99 percent 4.8 .............................. – .2 1.5 1.3 .6 .4 .7 – – – – – ...

100 percent or more3.......................... 6.5 – 3.3 2.4 .7 – – – – – – – – 5000~

Zero or negative income 2.2 ....................... 2.2 – – – – – – – – – – – ...

No cash rent .7 ................................. – – .2 – – .3 – .2 – – – – ...

Median (excludes 2 previous lines) 28 ........... ... ... 73 56 39 33 29 24 18 17 ... 12 ...

Median (excludes 3 lines before medians) 26 ..... ... ... 47 54 39 33 29 24 18 17 ... 12 ...

OWNER OCCUPIED UNITS

Total 47.3 ................................ 1.1 1.5 1.9 1.0 1.9 4.8 4.5 11.0 6.8 6.1 2.3 4.3 52 460

Value

Less than $10,000 1.0 ............................ .2 .2 – – – .4 – .2 – – – – ...

$10,000 to $19,999 .2 ........................... – .2 – – – – – – – – – – ...

$20,000 to $29,999 1.1 ........................... – – – – – 1.1 – – – – – – ...

$30,000 to $39,999 – ........................... – – – – – – – – – – – – ...

$40,000 to $49,999 .2 ........................... – – – – .2 – – – – – – – ...

$50,000 to $59,999 .2 ........................... – – – – – .2 – – – – – – ...

$60,000 to $69,999 1.2 ........................... – – .2 .4 – – – .2 .4 – – – ...

$70,000 to $79,999 .7 ........................... – – – – – .2 – .3 .2 – – – ...

$80,000 to $99,999 2.4 ........................... – .2 – – .6 .5 .2 .4 – .4 – – ...

$100,000 to $119,999 2.4 ......................... – – – – .4 .2 .5 .9 .2 .2 – – ...

$120,000 to $149,999 6.0 ......................... – – .2 – – .2 .6 1.8 1.7 1.1 .4 – 62 241

$150,000 to $199,999 13.6 ......................... .2 .4 1.1 .7 .4 1.6 1.3 4.1 1.3 1.3 .2 .8 45 112

$200,000 to $249,999 8.6 ......................... .4 .5 .2 – .2 .2 .8 2.4 1.2 .9 .8 .8 55 859

$250,000 to $299,999 3.0 ......................... .2 – .2 – – – .2 .2 .4 .7 .4 .6 ...

$300,000 or more 6.6 ............................. – – – – – .2 .9 .4 1.3 1.5 .4 1.9 87 327 Median 179 837 ...................................... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 170 349 180 527 199 120 ... ... ...

Ratio of Value to Current Income

Less than 1.5 5.7 ................................ – .2 – – – 1.5 – .7 .7 .9 .4 1.5 76 783

1.5 to 1.9 5.7 .................................... – – – – – – – 1.0 1.1 1.7 .4 1.5 89 432

2.0 to 2.4 4.4 .................................... – – – – .2 .2 – .9 1.8 .4 .9 – ...

2.5 to 2.9 4.8 .................................... – – – – – .2 .4 1.4 .9 .4 .4 1.1 ...

3.0 to 3.9 7.6 .................................... – – – – – .2 .6 3.9 1.2 1.5 .2 – 55 268

4.0 to 4.9 4.9 .................................... – – – .4 – .5 1.1 1.8 .7 .4 – – ...

5.0 or more 13.1 .................................. – 1.3 1.9 .7 1.6 2.2 2.4 1.5 .6 .7 – .2 24 500

Zero or negative income 1.1 ....................... 1.1 – – – – – – – – – – – ...

Median 3.3 ...................................... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 3.4 2.5 2.5 ... ... ...

Monthly Payment for Principal and

Interest

One or more regular mortgages 29.7 ................ .7 – .6 .2 .7 2.7 3.0 7.7 4.9 5.2 1.5 2.6 58 188 Less than $100 1.3 ............................. .2 – – – – .4 .2 – .2 .2 – – ... $100 to $199 .7 ............................... – – – – – .2 – .2 – – – .2 ... $200 to $249 .6 ............................... – – .4 – – – – – – .2 – – ... $250 to $299 .4 ............................... – – – – .2 .2 – – – – – – ... $300 to $349 – ............................... – – – – – – – – – – – – ... $350 to $399 .7 ............................... – – – – .2 – – – – .4 – – ... $400 to $449 .7 ............................... – – – – – .4 – .2 – – – – ... $450 to $499 .2 ............................... – – – – – .2 – – – – – – ...

$500 to $599 2.0 ............................... – – – – – – .2 .9 .6 .2 – – ...

$600 to $699 2.5 ............................... – – – – .2 .5 .4 .4 .2 .7 – – ...

$700 to $799 2.2 ............................... – – – – – – .8 .7 .4 .2 – – ...

$800 to $999 4.3 ............................... – – – – – .2 .4 1.5 .7 1.1 – .4 ...

$1,000 to $1,249 4.8 ........................... .2 – .2 .2 – .2 – 1.8 .9 .7 .2 .4 ...

$1,250 to $1,499 6.0 ........................... – – – – – .2 .6 1.5 1.0 .8 1.1 .6 71 419

$1500 or more 3.4 ............................. .2 – – – – – .2 .4 .8 .6 .2 .9 ...

Median 968 .................................... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 981 ... ... ... ... ...

Average Monthly Cost Paid for Real

Estate Taxes

Less than $25 4.5 ................................ .2 .4 – .4 .3 1.3 .3 .4 .8 .2 .2 – ...

$25 to $49 4.9 ................................... – .2 .2 – .7 1.2 .4 .7 .8 .2 – .4 ...

$50 to $74 7.5 ................................... .2 .7 .9 – .2 1.3 .2 2.0 .7 1.3 – – 42 380

$75 to $99 4.9 ................................... – .2 – .5 .4 .8 .9 1.0 .4 .2 – .4 ...

$100 to $149 10.9 ................................. .2 – .4 – – .2 1.9 4.0 1.3 1.7 .4 .6 53 434

$150 to $199 7.0 ................................. – – .4 .2 – – .2 2.1 1.1 1.1 .8 1.1 70 267

$200 or more 7.7 ................................. .4 – – – .2 – .7 .9 1.7 1.3 .8 1.7 79 794

Median 109 ...................................... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 118 124 130 ... ... ...

AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998 197

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 6~20. Income of Families and Primary Individuals by Selected CharacteristicsmOccupied

Units With Hispanic HouseholdermCon.

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Total

Zero to

neg~

ative

$1 to

$4,999

$5,000

to

$9,999

$10,000

to

$14,999

$15,000

to

$19,999

$20,000

to

$29,999

$30,000

to

$39,999

$40,000

to

$59,999

$60,000

to

$79,999

$80,000

to

$99,999

$100,000

to

$119,999

$120,000

or

more Median

OWNER OCCUPIED UNITSmCon.

Purchase Price

Home purchased or built 44.3 ....................... .9 .7 1.7 1.0 1.9 4.6 4.3 10.3 6.8 5.9 2.3 3.8 53 649

Less than $10,000 1.7 .......................... – – .2 .2 .4 .2 .2 – – .4 – – ...

$10,000 to $19,999 2.7 ......................... .2 – – .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .2 .2 – – ...

$20,000 to $29,999 3.3 ......................... – .7 .2 – .2 1.3 – – .4 .5 – – ...

$30,000 to $39,999 1.6 ......................... – – .2 – – .3 – .5 .2 .2 – .2 ...

$40,000 to $49,999 .9 ......................... – – – – – – – .4 .2 .2 – – ...

$50,000 to $59,999 .6 ......................... – – – – .2 .2 .2 – – – – – ...

$60,000 to $69,999 .9 ......................... – – – .2 – – .2 .4 – – – – ...

$70,000 to $79,999 .9 ......................... – – – – – – .2 .2 – .5 – – ...

$80,000 to $99,999 4.6 ......................... .2 – – – .3 .4 .9 1.1 .8 .7 – .2 ...

$100,000 to $119,999 2.3 ....................... – – .2 – .2 – .4 .7 .2 .4 – .2 ...

$120,000 to $149,999 6.8 ....................... – – .2 – – .2 .4 2.4 1.4 1.1 .6 .4 61 500

$150,000 to $199,999 8.4 ....................... .2 – .2 – – .5 .2 3.3 1.9 .6 .6 .9 59 063

$200,000 to $249,999 3.0 ....................... – – – .2 – .2 – .4 .2 .6 .4 .9 ...

$250,000 to $299,999 2.1 ....................... – – – – – – .2 – 1.1 .2 .2 .4 ...

$300,000 or more .9 ........................... .2 – – – – – – – – – .2 .4 ...

Not reported 3.5 ............................... – – .4 – – .8 .9 .4 .2 .2 .2 .2 ...

Median 123 450 .................................... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 134 916 146 296 108 402 ... ... ...

Received as inheritance or gift .9 .................. – .2 – – – – – .5 – – – .2 ...

Not reported 2.1 ................................. .2 .6 .2 – – .2 .2 .2 – .2 – .2 ...

RENTER OCCUPIED UNITS

Total 59.0 ................................ 1.3 2.8 5.8 5.5 6.9 14.3 6.6 7.8 3.5 1.7 1.6 1.3 25 045

Rent Reductions

No subsidy 49.7 ................................... 1.1 2.4 4.1 4.8 5.5 11.6 5.7 6.9 3.2 1.7 1.4 1.3 26 046

Rent control 3.3 ................................ .2 .9 .6 – .3 .7 .4 – .2 – – – ...

No rent control 46.3 ............................. .9 1.5 3.4 4.8 5.2 11.0 5.2 6.9 3.1 1.7 1.4 1.3 26 748

Reduced by owner 3.4 ........................ – – .7 .2 .4 .9 .2 .9 – – – – ...

Not reduced by owner 43.0 ..................... .9 1.5 2.8 4.6 4.8 10.1 5.0 6.0 3.1 1.7 1.4 1.3 26 997

Owner reduction not reported – .............. – – – – – – – – – – – – ...

Rent control not reported – .................... – – – – – – – – – – – – ...

Owned by public housing authority .7 .............. – .2 .2 – – .2 – – – – – – ...

Government subsidy 2.9 .......................... – – 1.1 .2 .6 .7 .2 – – – – – ... Other, income verification 3.7 ...................... – – .2 .4 .4 1.1 .5 .6 .2 – .2 – ... Subsidy not reported 2.2 .......................... .2 .2 .2 – .4 .7 .2 .2 – – – – ...

1For mobile homes, oldest category is 1939 or earlier.

2Beginning with 1989 this item uses current income in its calculation, see Appendix A.

3May reflect a temporary situation, living off savings or response error.

198 AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 6~21. Housing Costs by Selected CharacteristicsmOccupied Units With Hispanic

Householder

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Total

Less

than

$100

$100

to

$199

$200

to

$299

$300

to

$399

$400

to

$499

$500

to

$599

$600

to

$699

$700

to

$799

$800

to

$999

$1,000

to

$1,499

$1,500

or

more

No

cash

rent

Median

exclud~

ing no

cash

rent

Total 106.3 ............................. 1.1 3.5 8.1 7.4 8.7 9.9 11.3 8.8 15.2 17.6 14.1 .7 733

Units in Structure

1, detached 61.5 ............................... .2 2.6 6.9 4.7 3.7 2.3 4.2 4.4 6.7 13.0 12.6 .2 848

1, attached 9.0 ................................ .4 – .2 .5 .6 1.1 1.0 .4 1.8 1.8 1.3 – 835

2 to 4 13.4 .................................... .2 .4 .2 .5 1.7 3.1 2.6 1.1 1.8 1.5 .3 – 622

5 to 9 7.1 .................................... – .2 .2 .5 1.1 1.1 .9 .8 1.3 .7 – .2 629

10 to 19 4.2 .................................. – – .2 .4 – .5 .9 .2 1.8 .2 – – ...

20 to 49 5.4 .................................. – .2 – .2 1.0 1.2 .7 .7 1.2 – – .3 ...

50 or more 2.6 ................................ – – – – – .2 .7 .6 .7 .4 – – ...

Mobile home or trailer 3.2 ...................... .3 – .3 .6 .7 .3 .3 .6 – – – – ...

Year Structure Built1

2000 to 2004 – .............................. – – – – – – – – – – – – ... 1995 to 1999 1.3 .............................. – – – – – – – – – – 1.3 – ... 1990 to 1994 4.4 .............................. – – .4 .2 .7 .2 .2 .2 – 1.3 1.1 – ... 1985 to 1989 6.7 .............................. – – .2 .2 .6 .7 – .5 .7 1.7 1.7 .3 1 066 1980 to 1984 3.2 .............................. – – – – – – .4 .6 .9 .8 .4 – ... 1975 to 1979 7.7 .............................. – – .3 .7 .9 – .6 1.3 1.3 1.7 .9 – 806 1970 to 1974 9.5 .............................. – .2 .6 .4 .8 .9 .9 .9 1.8 1.8 .9 .2 779 1960 to 1969 22.9 .............................. .2 .7 2.1 2.1 1.6 2.5 2.4 1.3 4.5 2.6 2.8 – 693 1950 to 1959 22.0 .............................. .6 1.5 1.7 2.0 1.3 1.5 2.7 1.1 2.7 4.0 3.0 – 691 1940 to 1949 10.2 .............................. .3 .7 1.3 .4 .4 .8 1.1 .9 .7 2.2 1.1 .2 690 1930 to 1939 10.6 .............................. – .2 .7 1.1 1.4 1.6 1.5 1.2 1.6 .9 .4 – 622 1920 to 1929 4.5 .............................. – .2 .4 .2 .2 .5 .7 .2 .9 .7 .4 – ... 1919 or earlier 3.6 ............................. – – .2 – .7 1.1 .9 .5 .2 – – – ... Median 1961 ................................... ... ... 1958 1960 1962 1956 1956 1964 1964 1964 1967 ... ...

Rooms

1 room – ................................... – – – – – – – – – – – – ...

2 rooms 1.5 .................................. – – – .5 .5 .2 .2 – – – – – ...

3 rooms 15.5 .................................. .3 .2 .2 .6 2.8 5.1 2.6 .9 2.4 – .3 – 569

4 rooms 26.6 .................................. .4 .4 .9 1.2 2.4 1.8 5.7 4.3 5.4 3.1 .8 .2 708

5 rooms 27.7 .................................. .4 1.8 2.1 1.5 1.1 1.3 1.8 2.6 4.8 7.4 2.7 .3 848

6 rooms 18.0 .................................. – .9 2.6 1.9 .6 1.0 .7 .9 1.5 3.3 4.4 .2 842

7 rooms 10.7 .................................. – – 1.5 .2 .7 .2 .2 .2 .6 3.4 3.6 – 1 242

8 rooms 3.8 .................................. – – .6 .9 .4 – – – – .2 1.7 – ...

9 rooms 2.1 .................................. – .2 .2 .4 .2 .2 – – .2 .2 .4 – ...

10 rooms or more .5 .......................... – – – – – – – – .2 – .2 – ...

Median 4.8 ................................... ... ... 5.8 5.3 3.9 3.4 4.0 4.3 4.5 5.3 6.2 ... ...

Bedrooms

None .3 ..................................... – – – .3 – – – – – – – – ...

1 17.0 ........................................ .3 .2 .2 1.2 3.5 4.7 2.6 .9 2.6 – .5 .2 562

2 34.7 ........................................ .4 1.1 2.0 .9 2.4 2.9 7.3 5.5 6.5 4.6 .8 .3 706 3 41.8 ........................................ .4 2.0 3.8 3.4 1.5 2.1 1.4 2.2 5.1 11.3 8.3 .2 955 4 or more 12.6 ................................. – .2 2.1 1.5 1.3 .2 – .2 .9 1.7 4.4 – 969 Median 2.5 ................................... ... ... 3.0 2.9 1.8 1.6 1.9 2.1 2.3 2.9 3.2 ... ...

Complete Bathrooms

None .4 ..................................... – – .2 – – .2 – – – – – – ...

1 55.2 ........................................ .7 2.6 2.7 3.1 5.9 8.3 10.2 5.8 8.5 4.8 2.5 .2 642

1 and one~half 11.8 ............................. .2 .4 .9 .7 .7 .2 .4 1.2 3.2 3.1 .9 – 877

2 or more 38.9 ................................. .2 .4 4.3 3.6 2.1 1.2 .7 1.8 3.5 9.7 10.8 .5 1 067

Main Heating Equipment

Warm~air furnace 64.4 .......................... .5 2.4 5.7 5.3 4.4 4.7 5.0 3.6 8.2 11.4 12.8 .5 810

Steam or hot water system 2.6 .................. – .2 – – – .5 .6 .2 .6 .5 – – ...

Electric heat pump .7 ......................... – – – .2 – – – .2 – .2 – – ...

Built~in electric units 6.2 ........................ .2 – .4 .4 .7 .2 1.4 .8 .4 1.3 .3 – 681

Floor, wall, or other built~in hot air units without

ducts 23.4 .................................... .4 .7 1.3 .9 2.1 3.0 2.8 3.5 4.6 3.1 .8 .2 713

Room heaters with flue 5.5 ..................... – .2 .4 .2 .9 .5 1.1 .4 .7 .9 .2 – 650

Room heaters without flue – .................. – – – – – – – – – – – – ...

Portable electric heaters .6 .................... – – – – .2 – – – .2 .2 – – ...

Stoves – ................................... – – – – – – – – – – – – ...

Fireplaces with inserts – ...................... – – – – – – – – – – – – ...

Fireplaces without inserts – ................... – – – – – – – – – – – – ...

Other .3 .................................... – – – .3 – – – – – – – – ...

Cooking stove .4 ............................. – – – – – .2 .2 – – – – – ...

None 2.1 ..................................... – – .2 – .5 .7 .2 – .4 – – – ...

Primary Source of Water

Public system or private company 105.0 ............ 1.1 3.5 7.9 7.4 8.5 9.9 11.3 8.6 14.5 17.6 14.1 .7 731 Well serving 1 to 5 units .7 .................... – – – – .2 – – .2 .2 – – – ...

Drilled .4 .................................. – – – – – – – .2 .2 – – – ...

Dug – .................................... – – – – – – – – – – – – ...

Not reported .2 ............................ – – – – .2 – – – – – – – ...

Other .7 .................................... – – .2 – – – – – .5 – – – ...

Means of Sewage Disposal

Public sewer 105.5 .............................. 1.1 3.5 8.1 7.4 8.7 9.9 11.3 8.4 15.0 17.6 13.9 .7 729 Septic tank, cesspool, chemical toilet .9 ......... – – – – – – – .4 .2 – .2 – ... Other – .................................... – – – – – – – – – – – – ...

Main House Heating Fuel

Housing units with heating fuel 104.2 ...... 1.1 3.5 7.9 7.4 8.2 9.1 11.1 8.8 14.8 17.6 14.1 .7 740

Electricity 22.3 ................................. .4 .6 1.1 2.0 1.8 .9 3.1 2.6 3.9 4.1 1.6 .3 743

Piped gas 79.5 ................................. .7 2.8 6.5 4.8 5.7 7.8 7.8 6.0 10.9 13.5 12.5 .5 757

Bottled gas 1.1 ................................ – – – .3 .5 .2 – – – – – – ...

Fuel oil .2 ................................... – – – – – – .2 – – – – – ...

Kerosene or other liquid fuel – ................. – – – – – – – – – – – – ...

Coal or coke – .............................. – – – – – – – – – – – – ...

Wood .2 .................................... – – .2 – – – – – – – – – ...

Solar energy .2 .............................. – – – – .2 – – – – – – – ...

Other .7 .................................... – – – .3 – .2 – .2 – – – – ...

AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998 199

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 6~21. Housing Costs by Selected CharacteristicsmOccupied Units With Hispanic

HouseholdermCon.

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Total

Less

than

$100

$100

to

$199

$200

to

$299

$300

to

$399

$400

to

$499

$500

to

$599

$600

to

$699

$700

to

$799

$800

to

$999

$1,000

to

$1,499

$1,500

or

more

No

cash

rent

Median

exclud~

ing no

cash

rent

Cooking Fuel

With cooking fuel 104.7 .................. 1.1 3.5 7.9 7.4 8.7 9.7 10.8 8.5 15.0 17.4 14.1 .7 735

Electricity 52.4 ................................. .7 1.3 3.2 4.0 4.4 4.1 4.6 4.5 8.7 8.4 7.9 .5 781

Piped gas 51.7 ................................. .4 2.2 4.7 3.1 4.0 5.6 6.2 4.0 6.3 9.0 6.1 .2 694

Bottled gas .6 ................................ – – – .3 .3 – – – – – – – ...

Kerosene or other liquid fuel – ................. – – – – – – – – – – – – ...

Coal or coke – .............................. – – – – – – – – – – – – ...

Wood – .................................... – – – – – – – – – – – – ...

Other – .................................... – – – – – – – – – – – – ...

Persons

1 person 14.2 .................................. .5 .7 1.3 1.0 2.0 2.5 1.3 .6 1.3 1.1 1.8 .2 564

2 persons 23.0 ................................. .2 1.1 2.6 2.7 1.2 2.5 1.3 1.1 3.8 3.7 2.9 – 700

3 persons 22.2 ................................. .2 .8 2.0 1.5 1.8 1.9 2.8 1.6 4.2 3.7 1.7 – 704

4 persons 23.1 ................................. .2 .4 1.6 .7 2.0 1.9 2.6 2.8 2.9 4.1 3.7 .3 775

5 persons 15.2 ................................. – .2 .2 1.1 1.2 .7 2.0 1.9 2.2 3.2 2.1 .2 814

6 persons 5.0 ................................. – – .2 .2 – .2 1.0 .4 .2 1.3 1.5 – ...

7 persons or more 3.6 ......................... – .2 .2 .2 .7 .2 .2 .4 .5 .5 .4 – ...

Median 3.2 ................................... ... ... 2.6 2.5 3.2 2.5 3.6 3.9 3.1 3.6 3.7 ... ...

Household Composition by Age of

Householder

2~or~more person households 92.1 ............... .6 2.8 6.8 6.4 6.7 7.4 10.0 8.3 13.9 16.5 12.3 .5 762

Married~couple families, no nonrelatives 60.9 .... .4 2.0 4.5 4.8 5.0 4.5 6.4 5.4 6.3 11.5 9.6 .5 748

Under 25 years 3.1 ........................ – – – .2 .7 .2 .2 – .7 .9 .2 – ...

25 to 29 years 8.6 ......................... – .4 .2 .2 .4 .7 2.9 .9 1.1 .9 .6 .2 675

30 to 34 years 12.4 ......................... .2 – .2 .9 1.6 .8 1.3 1.1 1.4 3.0 1.7 .3 807

35 to 44 years 16.7 ......................... – .5 .6 1.1 1.1 1.3 .9 2.5 1.1 4.1 3.6 – 889

45 to 64 years 13.9 ......................... .2 .2 2.0 .9 1.1 1.1 .7 .7 1.5 2.4 3.0 – 805

65 years and over 6.2 ..................... – .9 1.5 1.6 – .5 .5 .2 .5 .2 .4 – 345

Other male householder 13.0 .................. – .2 .5 .4 .6 .7 1.5 1.5 3.3 2.4 1.8 – 863

Under 45 years 10.6 ........................ – .2 – .2 .6 .7 1.1 1.5 3.1 1.7 1.4 – 860

45 to 64 years 2.2 ......................... – – .5 .2 – – .4 – – .7 .4 – ...

65 years and over .3 ..................... – – – – – – – – .3 – – – ...

Other female householder 18.2 ................ .2 .7 1.7 1.1 1.2 2.2 2.0 1.4 4.3 2.6 .8 – 700

Under 45 years 12.3 ........................ – .2 .4 .2 1.2 2.0 2.0 1.2 2.7 1.8 .6 – 709

45 to 64 years 4.6 ......................... .2 .2 .6 .4 – .2 – .2 1.6 .9 .2 – ...

65 years and over 1.3 ..................... – .2 .7 .4 – – – – – – – – ... 1~person households 14.2 ....................... .5 .7 1.3 1.0 2.0 2.5 1.3 .6 1.3 1.1 1.8 .2 564 Male householder 7.4 ........................ .2 – .7 .4 1.3 1.0 .9 .6 .7 .4 .9 .2 595 Under 45 years 4.2 ........................ – – – .2 .7 .2 .9 – .7 .2 .9 .2 ... 45 to 64 years 1.9 ......................... – – .2 .2 .2 .8 – .2 – .2 – – ... 65 years and over 1.3 ..................... .2 – .4 – .4 – – .3 – – – – ... Female householder 6.8 ..................... .3 .7 .7 .5 .7 1.4 .4 – .6 .7 .9 – 542 Under 45 years 2.7 ........................ – – – .2 .3 .9 .2 – .2 .3 .6 – ... 45 to 64 years 2.2 ......................... – .2 .2 .3 .2 .2 – – .4 .4 .2 – ... 65 years and over 2.0 ..................... .3 .4 .5 – .2 .3 .2 – – – – – ...

Own Never Married Children Under

18 Years Old

No own children under 18 years 53.1 ............. .7 2.6 6.1 5.3 3.8 5.2 4.0 3.5 7.8 6.8 7.1 .2 668

With own children under 18 years 53.2 ............ .4 .9 2.0 2.0 4.9 4.7 7.3 5.3 7.4 10.9 7.0 .5 779

Under 6 years only 14.1 ....................... .2 – .7 .2 1.8 .9 2.5 1.1 1.8 2.4 2.1 .3 748

1 5.7 .................................... – – .5 – .4 .7 1.0 .7 1.1 .9 .4 – 738

2 7.6 .................................... .2 – – .2 1.4 .2 1.5 .2 .7 1.1 1.7 .3 724

3 or more .9 ............................. – – .2 – – – – .2 – .5 – – ...

6 to 17 years only 25.9 ........................ .2 .4 1.3 .9 2.2 2.4 2.2 3.2 4.9 4.8 3.3 – 806

1 11.4 .................................... .2 – 1.0 .5 .9 1.6 1.1 .6 2.4 2.4 .6 – 764

2 9.9 .................................... – .4 .2 – .7 .6 .7 1.7 1.6 1.9 2.2 – 889

3 or more 4.5 ............................. – – – .5 .7 .2 .4 .9 .9 .4 .6 – ...

Both age groups 13.2 ......................... – .5 – .9 .9 1.4 2.5 1.1 .7 3.6 1.5 .2 734

2 4.7 .................................... – – – .2 .6 .5 1.1 .2 – 1.5 .6 – ...

3 or more 8.5 ............................. – .5 – .7 .2 .9 1.5 .9 .7 2.1 .9 .2 744

Income of Families and Primary

Individuals

Less than $5,000 6.7 .......................... .2 .4 1.3 1.2 .4 .5 .7 – .9 .7 .4 – 453

$5,000 to $9,999 7.7 .......................... .7 .9 .9 .5 .2 2.4 .4 .2 .7 .7 – .2 527

$10,000 to $14,999 6.5 ........................ .2 – .5 .2 2.0 .5 1.1 .9 .5 .5 .2 – 580

$15,000 to $19,999 8.8 ........................ – .2 .6 .7 1.6 1.9 1.7 .8 1.1 .2 – – 568

$20,000 to $24,999 12.3 ........................ – .2 .7 .7 1.1 1.8 2.5 2.7 1.5 .8 – .3 662

$25,000 to $29,999 6.9 ........................ – .4 .4 .7 .5 .4 .8 .6 1.3 1.3 .2 – 715

$30,000 to $34,999 6.1 ........................ – – .4 .6 .3 .2 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 .2 – 745

$35,000 to $39,999 5.0 ........................ – – .4 .2 .2 .9 .4 – .9 1.3 .6 – ...

$40,000 to $49,999 10.0 ........................ – .2 – .7 .6 – .4 .7 2.7 3.1 1.3 .2 965

$50,000 to $59,999 8.8 ........................ – .4 .9 – .5 .5 .6 .7 1.8 1.6 1.8 – 890

$60,000 to $79,999 10.3 ........................ – .4 1.1 .5 .2 .2 .8 .4 1.8 2.2 2.7 – 969

$80,000 to $99,999 7.8 ........................ – .2 .5 .2 .7 .2 .2 .2 .5 2.8 2.4 – 1 221

$100,000 to $119,999 3.9 ...................... – – – .4 .4 – .2 .5 .2 .4 1.7 – ...

$120,000 or more 5.5 .......................... – – .4 .8 – .4 .2 – .2 1.1 2.4 – 1 310

Median 33 557 ................................... ... ... 26 627 28 179 20 679 19 175 23 516 24 506 37 971 47 357 75 677 ... ...

200 AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 6~21. Housing Costs by Selected CharacteristicsmOccupied Units With Hispanic

HouseholdermCon.

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Total

Less

than

$100

$100

to

$199

$200

to

$299

$300

to

$399

$400

to

$499

$500

to

$599

$600

to

$699

$700

to

$799

$800

to

$999

$1,000

to

$1,499

$1,500

or

more

No

cash

rent

Median

exclud~

ing no

cash

rent

OWNER OCCUPIED UNITS

Total 47.3 ............................. .4 2.4 7.4 4.8 3.3 2.1 1.1 1.4 3.1 8.9 12.4 ... 846

Value

Less than $10,000 1.0 ......................... .2 – .4 .2 – – – – – – .2 ... ...

$10,000 to $19,999 .2 ........................ – – .2 – – – – – – – – ... ...

$20,000 to $29,999 1.1 ........................ – – .2 .3 .3 – – – – .2 – ... ...

$30,000 to $39,999 – ........................ – – – – – – – – – – – ... ...

$40,000 to $49,999 .2 ........................ – .2 – – – – – – – – – ... ...

$50,000 to $59,999 .2 ........................ – – .2 – – – – – – – – ... ...

$60,000 to $69,999 1.2 ........................ .2 – .2 – .4 – – – .2 – .2 ... ...

$70,000 to $79,999 .7 ........................ – – .5 – – – .2 – – – – ... ...

$80,000 to $99,999 2.4 ........................ – – .5 – .2 .8 – .3 .2 .4 – ... ...

$100,000 to $119,999 2.4 ...................... – .2 – .4 – – .4 .2 .7 .4 – ... ...

$120,000 to $149,999 6.0 ...................... – .2 .4 .4 – .2 .2 .2 1.1 2.8 .4 ... 1 034

$150,000 to $199,999 13.6 ...................... – .9 3.0 1.3 1.1 .7 .2 .4 .2 2.0 3.7 ... 566

$200,000 to $249,999 8.6 ...................... – .9 1.1 1.3 1.1 – – – .4 1.5 2.3 ... 500

$250,000 to $299,999 3.0 ...................... – – .4 .2 – .2 – – – .4 1.7 ... ...

$300,000 or more 6.6 .......................... – – .2 .6 .2 .2 – .2 .2 1.1 3.8 ... 1500+

Median 179 837 ................................... ... ... 167 381 ... ... ... ... ... ... 165 160 234 900 ... ...

Ratio of Value to Current Income

Less than 1.5 5.7 ............................. – – 1.4 1.3 .5 – – – .4 .9 1.1 ... 412

1.5 to 1.9 5.7 ................................. – .4 .3 .7 .4 .6 .4 – .2 1.1 1.5 ... 691

2.0 to 2.4 4.4 ................................. – .4 1.1 .2 – – – .2 .4 .9 1.1 ... ...

2.5 to 2.9 4.8 ................................. – – – .2 .2 – .2 .4 .7 1.1 1.9 ... ...

3.0 to 3.9 7.6 ................................. – .4 .6 – 1.1 .2 – – .2 2.4 2.7 ... 1 263

4.0 to 4.9 4.9 ................................. – – – .4 1.1 – – .3 .4 .4 2.2 ... ...

5.0 or more 13.1 ............................... .2 1.1 3.5 1.9 – 1.2 .5 .5 .6 1.9 1.7 ... 389

Zero or negative income 1.1 .................... .2 – .4 – – – – – – .2 .2 ... ...

Median 3.3 ................................... ... ... 5.0+ ... ... ... ... ... ... 3.2 3.2 ... ...

Monthly Payment for Principal and

Interest

One or more regular mortgages 29.7 ............. .2 .2 .4 .4 .9 1.1 1.1 1.2 3.1 8.6 12.4 ... 1 359 Less than $100 1.3 .......................... .2 .2 .4 .2 .2 – – – – – – ... ...

$100 to $199 .7 ............................ – – – .2 .2 .2 – – – – – ... ...

$200 to $249 .6 ............................ – – – – .2 .4 – – – – – ... ...

$250 to $299 .4 ............................ – – – – – .2 .2 – – – – ... ...

$300 to $349 – ............................ – – – – – – – – – – – ... ...

$350 to $399 .7 ............................ – – – – .2 .2 – .2 – – – ... ...

$400 to $449 .7 ............................ – – – – – – .2 .2 .2 – – ... ...

$450 to $499 .2 ............................ – – – – – – .2 – – – – ... ...

$500 to $599 2.0 ............................ – – – – – – .4 .4 .9 – .2 ... ...

$600 to $699 2.5 ............................ – – – – – – – .3 1.3 .9 – ... ...

$700 to $799 2.2 ............................ – – – – – – – – .7 1.5 – ... ...

$800 to $999 4.3 ............................ – – – – – – – – – 3.9 .4 ... ...

$1,000 to $1,249 4.8 ........................ – – – – – – – – – 2.4 2.4 ... ...

$1,250 to $1,499 6.0 ........................ – – – – – – – – – – 6.0 ... 1500+

$1500 or more 3.4 .......................... – – – – – – – – – – 3.4 ... ...

Median 968 ................................. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 902 1 382 ... ...

Average Monthly Cost Paid for Real

Estate Taxes

Less than $25 4.5 ............................. .2 – 1.0 .5 1.1 .3 – – – .4 .9 ... ...

$25 to $49 4.9 ................................ .2 1.1 1.5 .2 – .2 .7 .5 .2 – .2 ... ...

$50 to $74 7.5 ................................ – 1.1 1.8 1.5 .2 .2 .2 .2 .7 1.1 .4 ... 358

$75 to $99 4.9 ................................ – .2 1.8 .4 – .4 .2 – .9 .4 .4 ... ...

$100 to $149 10.9 .............................. – – 1.3 1.1 .7 .4 – .4 1.1 3.5 2.4 ... 1 068

$150 to $199 7.0 .............................. – – – .7 .6 .4 – – .2 1.9 3.2 ... 1 413

$200 or more 7.7 .............................. – – – .4 .7 – – .2 – 1.5 4.9 ... 1500+

Median 109 ................................... ... ... 67 ... ... ... ... ... ... 136 179 ... ...

Purchase Price

Home purchased or built 44.3 .................... .2 2.4 6.3 4.4 3.1 1.6 1.1 1.2 2.9 8.9 12.2 ... 926

Less than $10,000 1.7 ....................... – .7 .9 – – – – – – .2 – ... ...

$10,000 to $19,999 2.7 ...................... – .2 1.1 .6 .4 .2 .2 – – – – ... ...

$20,000 to $29,999 3.3 ...................... – .7 1.1 .7 .2 – – .5 – – – ... ...

$30,000 to $39,999 1.6 ...................... – – .6 .2 .3 .2 – – .3 – – ... ...

$40,000 to $49,999 .9 ...................... – – .2 – – – .2 .2 .2 – – ... ...

$50,000 to $59,999 .6 ...................... – – .2 – – – .4 – – – – ... ...

$60,000 to $69,999 .9 ...................... – – .5 – – – – – .2 – .2 ... ...

$70,000 to $79,999 .9 ...................... – – – – .2 – – – .4 .2 – ... ...

$80,000 to $99,999 4.6 ...................... – .2 .6 .9 – .3 – – 1.1 1.3 .2 ... ...

$100,000 to $119,999 2.3 .................... – .2 .2 .2 – .2 .2 – .2 1.1 – ... ...

$120,000 to $149,999 6.8 .................... – .2 – .7 .2 – – .4 – 3.5 1.7 ... 1 262

$150,000 to $199,999 8.4 .................... – .2 .6 – 1.1 .2 – – – 1.7 4.5 ... 1500+

$200,000 to $249,999 3.0 .................... – – – .2 – – – – – .2 2.5 ... ...

$250,000 to $299,999 2.1 .................... – – – – – – – – – – 2.1 ... ...

$300,000 or more .9 ........................ – – – – – – – – – .2 .7 ... ...

Not reported 3.5 ............................ .2 – .2 .9 .7 .4 – – .5 .4 .2 ... ...

Median 123 450 ................................. ... ... 29 673 ... ... ... ... ... ... 132 586 192 396 ... ...

Received as inheritance or gift .9 ............... – – .5 .2 – – – – .2 – – ... ...

Not reported 2.1 .............................. .2 – .6 .2 .2 .4 – .2 – – .2 ... ...

AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998 201

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 6~21. Housing Costs by Selected CharacteristicsmOccupied Units With Hispanic

HouseholdermCon.

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Total

Less

than

$100

$100

to

$199

$200

to

$299

$300

to

$399

$400

to

$499

$500

to

$599

$600

to

$699

$700

to

$799

$800

to

$999

$1,000

to

$1,499

$1,500

or

more

No

cash

rent

Median

exclud~

ing no

cash

rent

RENTER OCCUPIED UNITS

Total 59.0 ............................. .7 1.1 .7 2.6 5.4 7.8 10.2 7.4 12.1 8.7 1.7 .7 711

Rent Reductions

No subsidy 49.7 ................................ .5 – .2 1.2 5.0 6.0 9.6 6.8 10.0 8.3 1.7 .5 731

Rent control 3.3 ............................. – – – .2 .3 .4 .7 .4 1.1 .2 – – ...

No rent control 46.3 .......................... .5 – .2 1.0 4.7 5.6 8.9 6.4 8.9 8.1 1.7 .5 732

Reduced by owner 3.4 ..................... – – – .2 .2 .6 .2 .7 .5 .4 – .5 ...

Not reduced by owner 43.0 .................. .5 – .2 .8 4.5 4.9 8.7 5.7 8.4 7.6 1.7 – 733

Owner reduction not reported – ........... – – – – – – – – – – – – ...

Rent control not reported – ................. – – – – – – – – – – – – ...

Owned by public housing authority .7 ........... – .4 – – – – – – – – – .2 ...

Government subsidy 2.9 ....................... – .7 .4 .7 .4 .2 .2 .2 – – – – ...

Other, income verification 3.7 ................... – – – – – 1.1 .2 .4 1.5 .5 – – ...

Subsidy not reported 2.2 ....................... .2 – – .7 – .4 .2 – .7 – – – ...

1For mobile homes, oldest category is 1939 or earlier.

202 AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 6~22. Value by Selected CharacteristicsmOwner Occupied Units With Hispanic

Householder

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Total

Less

than

$30,000

$30,000

to

$39,999

$40,000

to

$49,999

$50,000

to

$59,999

$60,000

to

$79,999

$80,000

to

$99,999

$100,000

to

$149,999

$150,000

to

$199,999

$200,000

to

$249,999

$250,000

to

$299,999

$300,000

or

more Median

Total 47.3 ................................ 2.3 – .2 .2 2.0 2.4 8.5 13.6 8.6 3.0 6.6 179 837

Units in Structure

1, detached 40.6 .................................. 1.5 – .2 .2 1.1 1.3 7.1 12.2 8.2 2.6 6.2 186 314

1, attached 3.0 ................................... – – – – .2 – .9 .9 .4 .4 .2 ...

2 to 4 1.1 ....................................... .2 – – – – .2 – .5 – – .2 ...

5 to 9 .4 ....................................... – – – – – .2 .2 – – – – ...

10 to 19 .2 ..................................... – – – – – – .2 – – – – ...

20 to 49 – ..................................... ––––– – – – – – – ...

50 or more – ................................... ––––– – – – – – – ...

Mobile home or trailer 1.9 ......................... .6 – – – .7 .7 – – – – – ...

Year Structure Built1

2000 to 2004 – ................................. ––––– – – – – – – ... 1995 to 1999 1.1 ................................. – – – – – – – .2 – .4 .4 ... 1990 to 1994 3.4 ................................. .9 – – – – .2 .4 .9 .6 .4 – ... 1985 to 1989 3.3 ................................. – – – – .2 .3 .4 .6 .4 .2 1.1 ... 1980 to 1984 1.3 ................................. – – – – – .2 .6 .2 – – .2 ... 1975 to 1979 3.1 ................................. – – – – .5 – .6 1.1 – – .9 ... 1970 to 1974 3.6 ................................. – – – – .6 .2 .6 .4 1.1 .4 .2 ... 1960 to 1969 9.5 ................................. .7 – – .2 – .3 1.5 2.4 2.2 .6 1.5 190 258 1950 to 1959 11.0 ................................. – – .2 – .6 .6 1.7 4.0 2.3 .2 1.3 179 085 1940 to 1949 5.3 ................................. .7 – – – – .2 .9 2.4 .7 .2 .2 ... 1930 to 1939 2.7 ................................. – – – – – – .9 .4 .9 – .4 ... 1920 to 1929 2.4 ................................. – – – – – .2 .2 .9 .4 .4 .2 ... 1919 or earlier .7 ................................ – – – – – – .4 – – – .2 ... Median 1962 ...................................... ... ... ... ... ... ... 1960 1958 1960 ... 1966 ...

Rooms

1 room – ...................................... ––––– – – – – – – ...

2 rooms – ..................................... ––––– – – – – – – ...

3 rooms – ..................................... ––––– – – – – – – ...

4 rooms 5.9 ..................................... .6 – – .2 .6 .8 2.0 .9 .4 .2 .2 119 609

5 rooms 14.9 ..................................... .9 – .2 – 1.1 .8 3.5 4.6 2.6 .4 .7 159 184

6 rooms 13.3 ..................................... .4 – – – .2 .6 2.3 4.8 3.2 .7 1.0 181 922

7 rooms 7.9 ..................................... – – – – – .2 .4 2.4 1.7 1.0 2.1 227 770

8 rooms 3.2 ..................................... .2 – – – – – – .6 .2 .7 1.5 ...

9 rooms 1.9 ..................................... .2 – – – – – .2 .2 .2 – 1.1 ...

10 rooms or more .2 ............................. – – – – – – – – .2 – – ...

Median 5.7 ...................................... ... ... ... ... ... ... 5.1 5.8 5.9 ... 7.2 ...

Bedrooms

None – ........................................ ––––– – – – – – – ...

1 .5 ........................................... .3 – – – – – – – – – .2 ...

2 8.9 ........................................... .3 – – – .8 1.0 3.1 2.0 1.5 .2 – 138 290 3 27.9 ........................................... 1.1 – .2 – .9 1.4 4.9 9.4 5.4 1.3 3.2 178 320 4 or more 10.0 .................................... .6 – – .2 .2 – .4 2.1 1.7 1.5 3.2 240 237 Median 3.0 ...................................... ... ... ... ... ... ... 2.7 3.0 3.0 ... 3.5 ...

Complete Bathrooms

None .2 ........................................ – – – .2 – – – – – – – ...

1 13.5 ........................................... 1.0 – .2 – .9 1.1 3.5 5.3 1.1 .2 .2 150 664

1 and one~half 5.7 ................................ .3 – – – .2 .5 1.1 1.8 1.1 .2 .4 168 979

2 or more 27.9 .................................... 1.0 – – – .9 .8 3.8 6.5 6.4 2.5 6.0 207 578

Main Heating Equipment

Warm~air furnace 36.7 ............................. 1.3 – .2 .2 .9 1.3 6.3 10.2 7.1 3.0 6.1 189 476

Steam or hot water system .7 ..................... – – – – – – .2 .2 – – .2 ...

Electric heat pump .4 ............................ – – – – – – .2 – – – .2 ...

Built~in electric units 1.5 ........................... – – – – .2 – .4 .2 .7 – – ...

Floor, wall, or other built~in hot air units without

ducts 5.5 ....................................... .4 – – – .2 1.1 .9 2.2 .7 – – 152 982

Room heaters with flue 1.8 ........................ .2 – – – .4 – .4 .7 – – – ...

Room heaters without flue – ..................... ––––– – – – – – – ...

Portable electric heaters – ....................... ––––– – – – – – – ...

Stoves – ...................................... ––––– – – – – – – ...

Fireplaces with inserts – ......................... ––––– – – – – – – ...

Fireplaces without inserts – ...................... ––––– – – – – – – ...

Other .3 ....................................... .3 – – – – – – – – – – ...

Cooking stove – ................................ ––––– – – – – – – ...

None .4 ........................................ – – – – .2 – – – .2 – – ...

Primary Source of Water

Public system or private company 46.9 ............... 2.3 – .2 .2 1.7 2.4 8.5 13.6 8.4 3.0 6.6 179 850 Well serving 1 to 5 units .2 ....................... – – – – – – – – .2 – – ...

Drilled .2 ..................................... – – – – – – – – .2 – – ...

Dug – ....................................... ––––– – – – – – – ...

Not reported – ............................... ––––– – – – – – – ...

Other .2 ....................................... – – – – .2 – – – – – – ...

Means of Sewage Disposal

Public sewer 46.6 ................................. 2.3 – .2 .2 2.0 2.4 8.5 13.6 8.4 2.8 6.4 178 603

Septic tank, cesspool, chemical toilet .7 ............ – – – – – – – – .2 .2 .2 ...

Other – ....................................... ––––– – – – – – – ...

Main House Heating Fuel

Housing units with heating fuel 46.9 ......... 2.3 – .2 .2 1.7 2.4 8.5 13.6 8.4 3.0 6.6 179 832

Electricity 6.5 .................................... .6 – – .2 .5 .2 1.5 1.1 1.3 .2 .9 161 168

Piped gas 39.3 .................................... 1.1 – .2 – 1.2 2.2 7.0 12.3 6.8 2.8 5.8 182 419

Bottled gas .3 ................................... .3 – – – – – – – – – – ...

Fuel oil – ...................................... ––––– – – – – – – ...

Kerosene or other liquid fuel – .................... ––––– – – – – – – ...

Coal or coke – ................................. ––––– – – – – – – ...

Wood .2 ....................................... – – – – – – – .2 – – – ...

Solar energy .2 ................................. – – – – – – – – .2 – – ...

Other .3 ....................................... .3 – – – – – – – – – – ...

AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998 203

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 6~22. Value by Selected CharacteristicsmOwner Occupied Units With Hispanic

HouseholdermCon.

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Total

Less

than

$30,000

$30,000

to

$39,999

$40,000

to

$49,999

$50,000

to

$59,999

$60,000

to

$79,999

$80,000

to

$99,999

$100,000

to

$149,999

$150,000

to

$199,999

$200,000

to

$249,999

$250,000

to

$299,999

$300,000

or

more Median

Cooking Fuel

With cooking fuel 47.1 ..................... 2.3 – .2 .2 2.0 2.1 8.5 13.6 8.6 3.0 6.6 180 273 Electricity 22.9 .................................... .9 – – .2 .4 1.0 3.6 5.9 5.1 1.9 3.8 195 456 Piped gas 23.9 .................................... 1.1 – .2 – 1.6 1.2 4.8 7.7 3.4 1.0 2.8 169 614 Bottled gas .3 ................................... .3 – – – – – – – – – – ... Kerosene or other liquid fuel – .................... ––––– – – – – – – ... Coal or coke – ................................. ––––– – – – – – – ... Wood – ....................................... ––––– – – – – – – ... Other – ....................................... ––––– – – – – – – ...

Persons

1 person 6.2 ..................................... .6 – – – .8 .9 .7 2.0 1.1 .2 – 154 321

2 persons 11.8 .................................... .2 – .2 – – .2 1.3 3.7 2.5 1.1 2.5 204 509

3 persons 8.0 .................................... .6 – – – .5 .5 1.5 1.3 2.1 .7 .9 186 469

4 persons 10.7 .................................... .7 – – – .7 .6 2.2 2.4 1.7 .7 1.7 174 912

5 persons 6.5 .................................... – – – .2 – .2 2.0 2.8 .4 – .9 165 379

6 persons 2.1 .................................... – – – – – – .7 .4 .2 .4 .4 ...

7 persons or more 2.0 ............................ .2 – – – – – .2 .9 .4 – .2 ...

Median 3.2 ...................................... ... ... ... ... ... ... 3.9 3.3 2.8 ... 3.4 ...

Household Composition by Age of

Householder

2~or~more person households 41.1 .................. 1.7 – .2 .2 1.2 1.5 7.8 11.6 7.5 2.8 6.6 184 196 Married~couple families, no nonrelatives 32.4 ....... 1.5 – – .2 1.0 1.1 5.6 8.6 6.4 2.6 5.5 190 071 Under 25 years .9 ........................... – – – – .2 – .2 .5 – – – ... 25 to 29 years 2.4 ............................ – – – .2 – .2 .4 1.3 .2 – – ... 30 to 34 years 4.8 ............................ .4 – – – – – 1.1 1.5 .8 .2 .6 ... 35 to 44 years 9.4 ............................ .4 – – – – .4 2.4 1.3 2.0 1.0 1.9 206 049 45 to 64 years 10.0 ............................ .4 – – – .7 .4 .9 2.2 2.1 1.3 1.9 208 423 65 years and over 5.0 ........................ .2 – – – – – .6 1.8 1.3 – 1.1 ... Other male householder 3.9 ..................... – – – – – .2 1.7 .9 .4 .2 .4 ... Under 45 years 2.4 ........................... – – – – – – 1.3 .4 .2 .2 .2 ... 45 to 64 years 1.5 ............................ – – – – – .2 .4 .4 .2 – .2 ... 65 years and over – ........................ ––––– – – – – – – ... Other female householder 4.8 ................... .2 – .2 – .2 .2 .4 2.2 .7 – .6 ... Under 45 years 2.0 ........................... .2 – – – .2 – .2 .9 .2 – .2 ... 45 to 64 years 1.5 ............................ – – – – – – .2 .9 .2 – .2 ... 65 years and over 1.3 ........................ – – .2 – – .2 – .5 .2 – .2 ... 1~person households 6.2 .......................... .6 – – – .8 .9 .7 2.0 1.1 .2 – 154 321 Male householder 3.2 ........................... .3 – – – .8 .3 .5 .9 .4 – – ... Under 45 years 1.5 ........................... .3 – – – .2 – .3 .2 .4 – – ... 45 to 64 years .4 ............................ – – – – – – .2 .2 – – – ... 65 years and over 1.3 ........................ – – – – .6 .3 – .4 – – – ... Female householder 3.0 ........................ .3 – – – – .6 .2 1.1 .6 .2 – ... Under 45 years .6 ........................... – – – – – – – .6 – – – ... 45 to 64 years 1.4 ............................ .3 – – – – .2 .2 – .4 .2 – ... 65 years and over 1.0 ........................ – – – – – .3 – .4 .2 – – ...

Own Never Married Children Under 18

Years Old

No own children under 18 years 26.5 ................ 1.5 – .2 – 1.0 1.5 3.7 7.9 5.6 1.9 3.2 183 770 With own children under 18 years 20.8 ............... .8 – – .2 .9 .9 4.8 5.7 3.0 1.0 3.4 174 321 Under 6 years only 4.7 .......................... – – – .2 .5 – 1.1 .9 .9 .2 .8 ... 1 1.2 ....................................... – – – – .3 – .2 .4 .2 – – ... 2 3.3 ....................................... – – – – .2 – .9 .4 .7 .2 .8 ... 3 or more .2 ................................ – – – .2 – – – – – – – ... 6 to 17 years only 11.4 ........................... .4 – – – .4 .9 2.6 2.8 1.3 .6 2.4 174 866 1 5.6 ....................................... .4 – – – .4 .5 1.3 1.5 .6 .2 .7 157 712 2 4.6 ....................................... – – – – – .4 1.1 1.1 .7 .2 1.1 ... 3 or more 1.2 ................................ – – – – – – .2 .2 – .2 .6 ... Both age groups 4.7 ............................ .4 – – – – – 1.1 1.9 .9 .2 .2 ... 2 1.7 ....................................... .2 – – – – – .2 .7 .4 – .2 ... 3 or more 3.0 ................................ .2 – – – – – .9 1.3 .4 .2 – ...

Income of Families and Primary

Individuals

Less than $5,000 2.6 ............................. .6 – – – – .2 – .6 .9 .2 – ...

$5,000 to $9,999 1.9 ............................. – – – – .2 – .2 1.1 .2 .2 – ...

$10,000 to $14,999 1.0 ........................... – – – – .4 – – .7 – – – ...

$15,000 to $19,999 1.9 ........................... – – .2 – – .6 .4 .4 .2 – – ...

$20,000 to $24,999 2.2 ........................... .8 – – .2 – .3 – .5 .2 – .2 ...

$25,000 to $29,999 2.7 ........................... .7 – – – .2 .2 .4 1.1 – – – ...

$30,000 to $34,999 1.8 ........................... – – – – – – .2 .9 .4 – .2 ...

$35,000 to $39,999 2.8 ........................... – – – – – .2 .9 .4 .4 .2 .7 ...

$40,000 to $49,999 5.2 ........................... – – – – .2 – 1.1 2.2 1.3 .2 .2 ...

$50,000 to $59,999 5.8 ........................... .2 – – – .3 .4 1.6 1.9 1.1 – .2 159 684

$60,000 to $79,999 6.8 ........................... – – – – .7 – 2.0 1.3 1.2 .4 1.3 180 527

$80,000 to $99,999 6.1 ........................... – – – – – .4 1.3 1.3 .9 .7 1.5 199 120

$100,000 to $119,999 2.3 ......................... – – – – – – .4 .2 .8 .4 .4 ...

$120,000 or more 4.3 ............................. – – – – – – – .8 .8 .6 1.9 ...

Median 52 816 ...................................... ... ... ... ... ... ... 56 305 44 817 55 487 ... 87 327 ...

Monthly Housing Costs

Less than $100 .4 ............................... .2 – – – .2 – – – – – – ...

$100 to $199 2.4 ................................. – – .2 – – – .4 .9 .9 – – ...

$200 to $249 2.8 ................................. .2 – – .2 .4 .2 .2 1.1 .4 – – ...

$250 to $299 4.6 ................................. .6 – – – .3 .2 .2 1.9 .7 .4 .2 ...

$300 to $349 3.3 ................................. .3 – – – – – .7 .9 .8 .2 .4 ...

$350 to $399 1.5 ................................. .2 – – – – – .2 .4 .4 – .2 ...

$400 to $449 1.4 ................................. .3 – – – – – – .7 .4 – – ...

$450 to $499 1.9 ................................. – – – – .4 .2 – .5 .7 – .2 ...

$500 to $599 2.1 ................................. – – – – – .8 .2 .7 – .2 .2 ...

$600 to $699 1.1 ................................. – – – – .2 – .7 .2 – – – ...

$700 to $799 1.4 ................................. – – – – – .3 .4 .4 – – .2 ...

$800 to $999 3.1 ................................. – – – – .2 .2 1.8 .2 .4 – .2 ...

$1,000 to $1,249 4.5 ............................. – – – – – .4 2.1 .7 .7 – .6 ...

$1,250 to $1,499 4.3 ............................. .2 – – – – – 1.0 1.3 .9 .4 .5 ...

$1,500 or more 12.4 ............................... .2 – – – .2 – .4 3.7 2.3 1.7 3.8 234 900

No cash rent ... ................................. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Median (excludes no cash rent) 846 ............... ... ... ... ... ... ... 934 566 500 ... 1500+ ...

204 AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 6~22. Value by Selected CharacteristicsmOwner Occupied Units With Hispanic

HouseholdermCon.

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Total

Less

than

$30,000

$30,000

to

$39,999

$40,000

to

$49,999

$50,000

to

$59,999

$60,000

to

$79,999

$80,000

to

$99,999

$100,000

to

$149,999

$150,000

to

$199,999

$200,000

to

$249,999

$250,000

to

$299,999

$300,000

or

more Median

Median Monthly Housing Costs for

Owners

Monthly costs including all mortgages plus

maintenance costs 896 .......................... ... ... ... ... ... ... 1 010 649 700 ... 1500+ ...

Monthly costs excluding second and

subsequent mortgages and maintenance

costs 843 ...................................... ... ... ... ... ... ... 909 566 500 ... 1500+ ...

Monthly Housing Costs as Percent of

Current Income2

Less than 5 percent 4.2 ........................... – – – – .2 – .8 1.3 .8 .4 .6 ... 5 to 9 percent 4.9 ................................ – – .2 – .5 .2 .9 1.3 1.1 .2 .4 ... 10 to 14 percent 5.9 .............................. .5 – – .2 .2 .2 .2 1.5 2.0 – 1.1 201 763 15 to 19 percent 7.7 .............................. .5 – – – .2 .4 2.3 1.8 .6 .4 1.3 158 710 20 to 24 percent 5.2 .............................. .2 – – – .2 .2 1.1 .7 .9 .6 1.3 ... 25 to 29 percent 3.4 .............................. – – – – .2 .2 .5 1.1 .4 .4 .6 ... 30 to 34 percent 3.4 .............................. .2 – – – – .3 .9 .9 .7 .4 – ... 35 to 39 percent 2.5 .............................. – – – – – .2 .8 .9 .6 – – ... 40 to 49 percent 3.3 .............................. – – – – .4 .3 .2 1.8 .2 – .4 ... 50 to 59 percent 1.3 .............................. – – – – – – .2 .8 – – .2 ... 60 to 69 percent .9 .............................. .2 – – – – – – – .5 – .2 ... 70 to 99 percent 1.5 .............................. – – – – – – .2 .5 .2 .2 .4 ... 100 percent or more3.......................... 1.9 .4 – – – – .2 .2 .8 .2 – – ... Zero or negative income 1.1 ....................... .2 – – – – – – .2 .4 .2 – ... No cash rent ... ................................. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Median (excludes 2 previous lines) 20 ........... ... ... ... ... ... ... 20 25 17 ... 20 ... Median (excludes 3 lines before medians) 20 ..... ... ... ... ... ... ... 20 22 16 ... 20 ...

Monthly Payment for Principal and

Interest

One or more regular mortgages 29.7 ................ .9 – – – .7 1.4 6.7 7.9 4.7 2.1 5.3 183 111

Less than $100 1.3 ............................. .4 – – – – – .2 .4 .2 – – ...

$100 to $199 .7 ............................... – – – – – – – .2 .2 – .2 ...

$200 to $249 .6 ............................... – – – – – – .2 .4 – – – ...

$250 to $299 .4 ............................... – – – – – .2 .2 – – – – ...

$300 to $349 – ............................... ––––– – – – – – – ...

$350 to $399 .7 ............................... – – – – – .2 – .2 – – .2 ...

$400 to $449 .7 ............................... – – – – .4 – – .2 – – – ...

$450 to $499 .2 ............................... – – – – – – – .2 – – – ...

$500 to $599 2.0 ............................... – – – – – – 1.1 .4 .2 – .2 ...

$600 to $699 2.5 ............................... – – – – – .7 1.1 .2 – – .4 ...

$700 to $799 2.2 ............................... – – – – – .2 1.3 .2 .2 – .2 ...

$800 to $999 4.3 ............................... – – – – – – 1.7 1.1 .9 .2 .5 ...

$1,000 to $1,249 4.8 ........................... .4 – – – .2 – .4 2.0 1.1 .4 .2 ...

$1,250 to $1,499 6.0 ........................... – – – – – – .4 2.0 1.5 .6 1.5 219 500

$1500 or more 3.4 ............................. – – – – – – – .2 .4 .9 1.9 ...

Median 968 .................................... ... ... ... ... ... ... 741 1 022 ... ... ... ...

Average Monthly Cost Paid for Real

Estate Taxes

Less than $25 4.5 ................................ 1.6 – – – .6 .3 .4 1.2 .2 .2 – ... $25 to $49 4.9 ................................... .2 – .2 – .2 .5 1.3 1.7 .6 – – ... $50 to $74 7.5 ................................... .2 – – – .4 .7 .9 2.6 1.9 – .6 178 290 $75 to $99 4.9 ................................... – – – .2 .5 .2 1.1 2.0 .4 .2 .2 ... $100 to $149 10.9 ................................. .2 – – – – .6 3.5 3.3 2.2 .2 .9 166 750 $150 to $199 7.0 ................................. – – – – .2 – .2 2.4 1.7 1.1 1.4 220 923 $200 or more 7.7 ................................. – – – – – – 1.1 .4 1.5 1.3 3.4 282 399 Median 109 ...................................... ... ... ... ... ... ... 108 91 125 ... 200+ ...

Purchase Price

Home purchased or built 44.3 ....................... 1.5 – .2 .2 1.7 1.9 8.5 12.5 8.6 3.0 6.2 182 526 Less than $10,000 1.7 .......................... .2 – .2 – – – .2 .7 .4 – – ... $10,000 to $19,999 2.7 ......................... – – – – .4 .2 – .9 1.1 – .2 ...

$20,000 to $29,999 3.3 ......................... .3 – – .2 – .3 .2 1.6 .7 – – ...

$30,000 to $39,999 1.6 ......................... .3 – – – .2 – .5 .6 – – – ...

$40,000 to $49,999 .9 ......................... – – – – – – .6 .2 – – – ...

$50,000 to $59,999 .6 ......................... – – – – .2 – .2 – – .2 – ...

$60,000 to $69,999 .9 ......................... – – – – .2 – – .7 – – – ...

$70,000 to $79,999 .9 ......................... – – – – – .2 .4 .2 – – – ...

$80,000 to $99,999 4.6 ......................... – – – – – .5 2.4 .7 .4 – .6 ...

$100,000 to $119,999 2.3 ....................... – – – – – .4 1.1 – .6 .2 – ...

$120,000 to $149,999 6.8 ....................... .2 – – – – – 2.2 2.5 .6 .2 1.1 170 194

$150,000 to $199,999 8.4 ....................... .2 – – – .5 – – 3.7 3.0 .4 .6 197 880

$200,000 to $249,999 3.0 ....................... – – – – – – – .2 .9 .6 1.3 ...

$250,000 to $299,999 2.1 ....................... ––––– – – – – .7 1.5 ...

$300,000 or more .9 ........................... ––––– – – – – .4 .4 ...

Not reported 3.5 ............................... .2 – – – .2 .2 .6 .7 .9 .2 .4 ...

Median 123 450 .................................... ... ... ... ... ... ... 94 524 125 183 150 035 ... 212 744 ...

Received as inheritance or gift .9 .................. .2 – – – .3 – – .2 – – .2 ... Not reported 2.1 ................................. .6 – – – – .5 – .8 – – .2 ...

1For mobile homes, oldest category is 1939 or earlier.

2Beginning with 1989 this item uses current income in its calculation, see Appendix A.

3May reflect a temporary situation, living off savings or response error.

AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998 205

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 6~23. Units in Structure by Selected CharacteristicsmOccupied Units With Hispanic

Householder

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Multiunit

Total 1, detached 1, attached Total 2 to 4 5 to 9 10 to 19 20 to 49 50 or more

Mobile

homes

Total 106.3 ................................ 61.5 9.0 32.6 13.4 7.1 4.2 5.4 2.6 3.2

Race and Origin

White 46.1 ....................................... 27.2 3.0 15.0 5.8 4.1 1.8 2.8 .4 .9

Non~Hispanic ... ............................... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Hispanic 46.1 ................................... 27.2 3.0 15.0 5.8 4.1 1.8 2.8 .4 .9

Black 1.1 ........................................ .4 – .7 .2 – – .2 .3 –

American Indian, Eskimo, and Aleut .4 ............. .2 – .2 .2 – – – – –

Asian and Pacific Islander 2.4 ...................... 1.5 – .2 – .2 – – – .7

Other 56.3 ....................................... 32.2 6.0 16.5 7.1 2.8 2.4 2.3 1.9 1.5

Total Hispanic 106.3 ................................ 61.5 9.0 32.6 13.4 7.1 4.2 5.4 2.6 3.2

Cooperatives and Condominiums

Cooperatives .4 ................................. .2 .2 – – – – – – –

Condominiums 6.8 ............................... .9 3.0 2.9 1.4 .7 .9 – – –

Year Structure Built1

2000 to 2004 – ................................. –– –––––– –

1995 to 1999 1.3 ................................. 1.1 .2 – – – – – – –

1990 to 1994 4.4 ................................. 2.4 .8 .9 .5 – .4 – – .3

1985 to 1989 6.7 ................................. 3.7 .5 2.3 .9 .4 .7 .3 – .3

1980 to 1984 3.2 ................................. 2.1 .4 .6 .2 .2 .2 – – –

1975 to 1979 7.7 ................................. 2.8 1.3 2.4 .9 .2 .6 .5 .2 1.2

1970 to 1974 9.5 ................................. 4.6 .5 4.1 .5 1.6 .2 1.4 .4 .4

1960 to 1969 22.9 ................................. 12.2 2.0 8.1 2.5 1.1 1.3 1.9 1.4 .7

1950 to 1959 22.0 ................................. 15.4 1.7 4.9 2.4 1.8 .5 .2 – –

1940 to 1949 10.2 ................................. 7.9 .2 1.7 1.0 .4 – .2 – .3

1930 to 1939 10.6 ................................. 5.2 1.5 3.9 2.5 .7 .2 .5 – –

1920 to 1929 4.5 ................................. 2.9 – 1.6 .5 .5 – .2 .4 –

1919 or earlier 3.6 ................................ 1.4 – 2.2 1.5 .2 – .2 .2 –

Median 1961 ...................................... 1959 1966 1963 1955 1960 ... ... ... ...

Rooms

1 room – ...................................... –– –––––– –

2 rooms 1.5 ..................................... – – 1.2 .5 .3 – .2 .2 .3

3 rooms 15.5 ..................................... 2.4 .9 11.6 3.0 2.4 2.0 3.0 1.1 .6

4 rooms 26.6 ..................................... 7.1 4.2 13.6 6.3 3.1 1.7 1.6 .9 1.6

5 rooms 27.7 ..................................... 19.6 3.1 4.7 2.2 1.1 .5 .5 .4 .3

6 rooms 18.0 ..................................... 16.3 .4 .9 .7 .3 – – – .3

7 rooms 10.7 ..................................... 9.8 .4 .4 .4 – – – – –

8 rooms 3.8 ..................................... 3.8 – – – – – – – –

9 rooms 2.1 ..................................... 1.9 – .2 .2 – – – – –

10 rooms or more .5 ............................. .5 – – – – – – – –

Median 4.8 ...................................... 5.6 4.4 3.8 4.0 3.8 ... ... ... ...

Bedrooms

None .3 ........................................ – – – – – – – – .3

1 17.0 ........................................... 2.0 1.1 12.9 3.5 2.6 2.0 3.3 1.5 1.0

2 34.7 ........................................... 13.1 4.9 15.4 6.7 4.0 1.9 1.9 .9 1.3

3 41.8 ........................................... 33.8 3.0 4.3 3.1 .5 .3 .2 .2 .6

4 or more 12.6 .................................... 12.6 – –––––– –

Median 2.5 ...................................... 3.0 2.2 1.7 2.0 1.7 ... ... ... ...

Complete Bathrooms

None .4 ........................................ .4 – – – – – – – –

1 55.2 ........................................... 24.4 4.3 25.3 10.0 5.8 3.1 4.4 2.0 1.3

1 and one~half 11.8 ................................ 5.7 2.4 3.1 1.6 .4 .2 .4 .5 .6

2 or more 38.9 .................................... 31.0 2.3 4.3 1.7 .9 .9 .5 .2 1.3

Square Footage of Unit

Single detached and mobile homes 64.7 ..... 61.5 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 3.2

Less than 500 1.6 ................................ .6 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 1.0

500 to 749 1.3 ................................... 1.0 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .3

750 to 999 3.4 ................................... 3.1 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .4

1,000 to 1,499 17.7 ................................ 17.1 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .6

1,500 to 1,999 12.2 ................................ 12.2 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... –

2,000 to 2,499 4.9 ................................ 4.9 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... –

2,500 to 2,999 2.2 ................................ 2.2 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... –

3,000 to 3,999 1.5 ................................ 1.5 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... –

4,000 or more .5 ................................ .5 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... –

Not reported 19.4 ................................. 18.4 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .9

Median 1 460 ...................................... 1 492 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Persons per Room

0.50 or less 41.9 .................................. 26.2 3.7 10.0 4.5 2.4 1.6 .9 .6 1.9

0.51 to 1.00 50.5 .................................. 28.8 4.2 16.3 6.0 3.3 2.4 3.5 1.1 1.2

1.01 to 1.50 11.8 .................................. 5.1 1.1 5.6 2.6 1.1 .2 .9 .7 –

1.51 or more 2.2 ................................. 1.4 – .8 .3 .3 – – .2 –

Square Feet per Person

Single detached and mobile homes 64.7 ..... 61.5 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 3.2

Less than 200 3.8 ................................ 2.8 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 1.0

200 to 299 5.9 ................................... 5.9 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... –

300 to 399 7.2 ................................... 7.2 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... –

400 to 499 7.3 ................................... 7.0 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .3

500 to 599 4.8 ................................... 4.8 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... –

600 to 699 4.1 ................................... 3.8 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .3

700 to 799 2.0 ................................... 2.0 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... –

800 to 899 2.1 ................................... 2.1 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... –

900 to 999 1.8 ................................... 1.5 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .4

1,000 to 1,499 4.4 ................................ 4.1 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .3

1,500 or more 2.0 ................................ 2.0 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... –

Not reported 19.4 ................................. 18.4 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .9

Median 479 ...................................... 480 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

206 AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 6~23. Units in Structure by Selected CharacteristicsmOccupied Units With Hispanic

HouseholdermCon.

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Multiunit

Total 1, detached 1, attached Total 2 to 4 5 to 9 10 to 19 20 to 49 50 or more

Mobile

homes

Equipment2

Lacking complete kitchen facilities 3.0 .............. .7 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .3 With complete kitchen (sink, refrigerator, and oven

or burners) 103.4 .................................. 60.9 9.0 30.6 11.8 6.7 4.2 5.4 2.6 2.9 Kitchen sink 106.1 .................................. 61.3 9.0 32.6 13.4 7.1 4.2 5.4 2.6 3.2 Refrigerator 105.9 .................................. 61.3 9.0 32.4 13.1 7.1 4.2 5.4 2.6 3.2 Cooking stove or range 104.7 ........................ 60.9 9.0 32.0 12.7 7.1 4.2 5.4 2.6 2.9 Burners, no stove or range – ..................... –– –––––– – Microwave oven only – .......................... –– –––––– – Dishwasher 46.0 .................................. 27.9 4.8 11.8 3.7 2.9 2.4 1.0 1.8 1.6 Washing machine 62.2 ............................. 50.6 4.7 5.3 4.0 .7 .4 – .2 1.6 Clothes dryer 58.4 ................................. 47.5 4.0 4.9 4.0 .4 .2 – .2 1.9 Disposal in kitchen sink 60.7 ........................ 34.3 6.8 17.6 5.7 3.7 3.3 2.6 2.2 2.0 Trash compactor 2.7 ............................. 2.1 .2 .5 .2 – .2 – – –

Air conditioning:

Central 22.3 .................................... 14.1 2.5 4.4 1.3 1.8 .9 .2 .2 1.3 Additional Central 1.7 ........................... 1.5 – .2 – – .2 – – – 1 room unit 11.5 ................................ 5.2 1.1 4.9 1.9 1.0 1.1 .3 .7 .3 2 room units 4.6 ............................... 3.3 .6 .6 .4 – .2 – – – 3 room units or more 1.4 ........................ .9 – .5 .5 – – – – –

Main Heating Equipment

Warm~air furnace 64.4 ............................. 42.3 6.7 12.9 5.3 2.4 1.8 2.4 .9 2.6 Steam or hot water system 2.6 ..................... .7 – 1.9 .7 .2 – .5 .6 – Electric heat pump .7 ............................ .2 .2 .2 – – .2 – – – Built~in electric units 6.2 ........................... 2.4 .6 3.1 1.2 1.0 .5 .2 .2 – Floor, wall, or other built~in hot air units without ducts 23.4 ....................................... 11.0 1.0 11.1 4.6 2.4 1.3 2.1 .7 .3 Room heaters with flue 5.5 ........................ 2.7 .4 2.4 .9 .7 .4 .2 .2 – Room heaters without flue – ..................... –– –––––– – Portable electric heaters .6 ....................... .6 – – – – – – – – Stoves – ...................................... –– –––––– – Fireplaces with inserts – ......................... –– –––––– – Fireplaces without inserts – ...................... –– –––––– – Other .3 ....................................... – – – – – – – – .3 Cooking stove .4 ................................ .2 – .2 .2 – – – – – None 2.1 ........................................ 1.3 – .8 .5 .3 – – – –

Plumbing

With all plumbing facilities 105.2 ...................... 61.1 9.0 31.9 13.4 6.9 4.0 5.4 2.4 3.2 Lacking some or all plumbing facilities2 .......... 1.1 .4 – .7 – .2 .2 – .2 – No hot piped water .2 .......................... .2 – – – – – – – – No bathtub nor shower .2 ...................... .2 – – – – – – – – No flush toilet .2 .............................. .2 – – – – – – – –

No exclusive use .7 ........................... – – .7 – .2 .2 – .2 –

Primary Source of Water

Public system or private company 105.0 ............... 60.4 9.0 32.4 13.4 7.1 4.0 5.4 2.6 3.2

Well serving 1 to 5 units .7 ....................... .7 – – – – – – – –

Drilled .4 ..................................... .4 – – – – – – – –

Dug – ....................................... –– –––––– –

Not reported .2 ............................... .2 – – – – – – – –

Other .7 ....................................... .5 – .2 – – .2 – – –

Units Using Each Fuel2

Electricity 105.9 .................................... 61.3 9.0 32.4 13.1 7.1 4.2 5.4 2.6 3.2 Piped gas 99.9 .................................... 59.8 8.4 29.2 11.8 6.3 3.8 4.6 2.6 2.6 Bottled gas 1.1 ................................... – – .5 .2 – – .2 – .6 Fuel oil 7.9 ...................................... 4.6 .9 2.1 .5 .5 .3 .5 .4 .3 Kerosene or other liquid fuel .7 .................... .4 .2 – – – – – – – Coal or coke – ................................. –– –––––– – Wood 13.2 ....................................... 11.0 .6 1.5 1.1 .2 .2 – – – Solar energy .9 ................................. – .2 .7 – .2 – .3 .2 – Other 2.1 ....................................... 1.1 – .7 – – .3 .2 .2 .3

All electric units ... ............................... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Selected Amenities2

Porch, deck, balcony, or patio 85.5 .................. 53.5 7.9 21.9 9.1 4.2 3.3 3.3 2.0 2.3

Telephone available ... ........................... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Usable fireplace 39.5 .............................. 34.5 2.4 2.7 1.8 .2 .4 .2 – – Separate dining room 24.1 ......................... 19.2 1.1 3.8 1.8 1.1 .2 .5 .2 – With 2 or more living rooms or recreation rooms,

etc. 24.6 ........................................ 22.1 .6 1.5 1.1 .2 – – .2 .3 Garage or carport included with home 81.7 ........... 52.5 7.4 19.3 7.5 4.6 3.0 1.8 2.2 2.6 Not included 24.6 ................................. 9.1 1.6 13.4 5.8 2.5 1.1 3.5 .4 .6 Offstreet parking included 20.1 .................... 7.7 1.4 10.5 4.3 2.3 .9 3.0 – .6 Offstreet parking not reported – ................ –– –––––– – Garage or carport not reported – ................. –– –––––– –

Selected Deficiencies2

Signs of rats in last 3 months 2.4 ................... 1.7 – .7 .7 – – – – –

Signs of mice in last 3 months 10.0 .................. 7.5 .4 2.1 1.1 – .2 .7 – –

Signs of rodents, not sure which kind in last 3

months .2 ..................................... .2 – – – – – – – –

Holes in floors 1.5 ................................ .2 – 1.3 .4 .2 .4 .2 – –

Open cracks or holes (interior) 12.3 .................. 7.0 .2 4.4 2.6 .2 .7 1.0 – .6

Broken plaster or peeling paint (interior) 5.7 ......... 2.6 .4 2.3 1.5 .2 .4 .2 – .3

No electrical wiring – ............................ –– –––––– –

Exposed wiring 1.3 ............................... .8 – .5 .5 – – – – –

Rooms without electric outlets 4.3 .................. 2.4 .5 1.2 .5 .5 – .2 – .3

AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998 207

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 6~23. Units in Structure by Selected CharacteristicsmOccupied Units With Hispanic

HouseholdermCon.

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Multiunit

Total 1, detached 1, attached Total 2 to 4 5 to 9 10 to 19 20 to 49 50 or more

Mobile

homes

Selected Physical Problems

Severe physical problems2 ..................... 3.2 1.6 – 1.6 .7 .2 .2 .3 .2 –

Plumbing 1.1 .................................. .4 – .7 – .2 .2 – .2 –

Heating 1.3 .................................... .6 – .7 .4 – – .3 – –

Electric .8 .................................... .6 – .2 .2 – – – – –

Upkeep .2 .................................... .2 – – – – – – – –

Hallways – ................................... –– –––––– –

Moderate physical problems2................... 5.0 1.8 – 2.9 2.0 .4 – .5 – .3

Plumbing .2 .................................. .2 – – – – – – – –

Heating – .................................... –– –––––– –

Upkeep 2.5 .................................... 1.1 – 1.3 .9 – – .5 – –

Hallways .2 ................................... – – .2 .2 – – – – –

Kitchen 2.8 .................................... .5 – 2.0 1.6 .4 – – – .3

Persons

1 person 14.2 ..................................... 5.5 1.5 5.3 1.8 1.3 .9 .9 .4 1.9 2 persons 23.0 .................................... 12.4 2.2 8.0 3.2 1.3 1.5 1.2 .8 .3 3 persons 22.2 .................................... 11.2 1.7 8.3 3.6 2.0 1.1 1.2 .5 .9 4 persons 23.1 .................................... 16.4 2.1 4.7 1.9 .7 .4 1.4 .2 – 5 persons 15.2 .................................... 10.0 1.1 4.0 1.6 1.6 .2 .7 – – 6 persons 5.0 .................................... 3.5 .4 1.1 .6 – – – .4 – 7 persons or more 3.6 ............................ 2.5 – 1.2 .7 .2 – – .2 – Median 3.2 ...................................... 3.6 3.0 2.9 3.0 3.0 ... ... ... ...

Persons 65 Years Old and Over

None 93.1 ........................................ 51.9 8.5 31.1 12.7 6.9 3.7 5.1 2.6 1.6

1 person 8.5 ..................................... 5.9 .3 1.1 .6 .2 .2 – – 1.3

2 persons or more 4.7 ............................ 3.7 .2 .5 – – .3 .2 – .3

Age of Householder

Under 25 years 10.4 ............................... 3.8 .6 6.0 1.1 2.0 1.3 1.4 .2 – 25 to 29 14.7 ..................................... 6.7 1.2 6.4 3.0 1.4 .4 1.2 .5 .3 30 to 34 17.2 ..................................... 8.9 2.2 6.2 2.3 1.1 .5 1.4 .9 – 35 to 44 28.2 ..................................... 18.5 1.7 7.7 3.5 1.7 1.1 .5 .8 .3 45 to 54 14.4 ..................................... 8.0 1.9 3.9 2.2 .4 .4 .7 .2 .6 55 to 64 10.3 ..................................... 8.1 .9 1.1 .9 .2 – – – .3 65 to 74 7.4 ..................................... 5.2 .5 1.1 .4 .2 .2 .2 – .6 75 years and over 3.7 ............................ 2.4 – .3 – – .3 – – 1.0 Median 39 ...................................... 41 38 33 36 31 ... ... ... ...

Household Composition by Age of

Householder

2~or~more person households 92.1 .................. 56.0 7.5 27.3 11.6 5.8 3.3 4.5 2.2 1.2

Married~couple families, no nonrelatives 60.9 ....... 41.1 3.8 14.8 6.9 2.7 .9 2.3 2.0 1.2

Under 25 years 3.1 ........................... 2.2 .2 .7 .2 .5 – – – –

25 to 29 years 8.6 ............................ 4.2 .8 3.4 1.3 .6 – .9 .5 .3

30 to 34 years 12.4 ............................ 6.7 1.3 4.4 1.7 .9 .2 .7 .9 –

35 to 44 years 16.7 ............................ 12.4 .4 3.9 2.2 .6 .4 .2 .4 –

45 to 64 years 13.9 ............................ 10.7 .9 1.7 1.3 – – .2 .2 .6

65 years and over 6.2 ........................ 5.0 .2 .7 .2 – .3 .2 – .3

Other male householder 13.0 ..................... 5.9 2.2 4.9 1.4 1.7 1.0 .5 .2 –

Under 45 years 10.6 ........................... 4.7 1.5 4.4 1.1 1.5 1.0 .5 .2 –

45 to 64 years 2.2 ............................ 1.3 .4 .5 .2 .2 – – – –

65 years and over .3 ........................ – .3 – – – – – – –

Other female householder 18.2 ................... 9.0 1.5 7.7 3.3 1.3 1.3 1.7 – –

Under 45 years 12.3 ........................... 5.3 .9 6.1 2.2 1.3 1.1 1.4 – –

45 to 64 years 4.6 ............................ 2.4 .6 1.6 1.1 – .2 .3 – –

65 years and over 1.3 ........................ 1.3 – – – – – – – –

1~person households 14.2 .......................... 5.5 1.5 5.3 1.8 1.3 .9 .9 .4 1.9

Male householder 7.4 ........................... 3.8 .6 2.0 .7 .5 .5 .2 .2 1.0

Under 45 years 4.2 ........................... 2.0 .2 1.6 .5 .5 .2 .2 .2 .3

45 to 64 years 1.9 ............................ 1.1 .4 .4 .2 – .2 – – –

65 years and over 1.3 ........................ .7 – – – – – – – .7

Female householder 6.8 ........................ 1.7 .9 3.3 1.1 .8 .5 .7 .2 1.0

Under 45 years 2.7 ........................... .4 .5 1.8 .7 .2 .2 .5 .2 –

45 to 64 years 2.2 ............................ .6 .4 .8 .2 .4 – .2 – .3

65 years and over 2.0 ........................ .7 – .6 .2 .2 .2 – – .6

Household Income

Less than $5,000 6.0 ............................. 2.8 .7 2.3 .9 .2 .2 .5 .5 .3

$5,000 to $9,999 6.6 ............................. 3.0 .4 2.9 1.0 .9 .5 .5 – .3

$10,000 to $14,999 5.1 ........................... 1.1 .4 3.2 .7 .9 .4 .7 .5 .4

$15,000 to $19,999 8.2 ........................... 3.4 .2 4.2 1.8 .8 .2 1.3 – .3

$20,000 to $24,999 11.4 ........................... 5.0 .4 5.0 3.0 .9 .4 .3 .4 .9

$25,000 to $29,999 7.3 ........................... 5.0 .6 1.3 .7 .2 .2 .2 – .3

$30,000 to $34,999 6.1 ........................... 2.7 .4 2.7 1.1 .7 .7 .2 – .3

$35,000 to $39,999 5.8 ........................... 3.5 .6 1.7 .5 – .7 .5 – –

$40,000 to $49,999 10.5 ........................... 5.7 1.6 3.2 .9 1.1 .6 – .5 –

$50,000 to $59,999 8.7 ........................... 6.4 .4 1.6 1.1 – – .2 .2 .3

$60,000 to $79,999 12.0 ........................... 8.6 1.4 1.9 .2 .9 .2 .5 .2 –

$80,000 to $99,999 9.3 ........................... 7.5 .7 1.1 .7 .2 – – .2 –

$100,000 to $119,999 3.7 ......................... 2.8 .2 .7 .2 .2 – .2 – –

$120,000 or more 5.7 ............................. 4.0 .9 .9 .4 – – .2 .2 –

Median 37 159 ...................................... 47 559 44 460 23 714 23 633 23 787 ... ... ... ...

As percent of poverty level:

Less than 50 percent 7.4 .......................... 3.3 .9 2.9 .7 .9 .2 .5 .7 .3

50 to 99 11.4 ..................................... 4.7 .8 5.9 2.4 1.3 .7 1.2 .2 –

100 to 149 11.8 ................................... 5.6 .4 5.5 2.4 1.1 .6 1.4 – .3

150 to 199 10.7 ................................... 7.0 .4 2.6 1.5 .2 .4 – .4 .7

200 percent or more 65.0 .......................... 40.9 6.5 15.7 6.3 3.5 2.2 2.3 1.3 1.9

208 AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 6~23. Units in Structure by Selected CharacteristicsmOccupied Units With Hispanic

HouseholdermCon.

[Numbers in thousands. Consistent with the 1990 Census. ... means not applicable or sample too small. – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Multiunit

Total 1, detached 1, attached Total 2 to 4 5 to 9 10 to 19 20 to 49 50 or more

Mobile

homes

Income of Families and Primary

Individuals

Less than $5,000 6.7 ............................. 3.2 .7 2.5 .9 .2 .2 .7 .5 .3

$5,000 to $9,999 7.7 ............................. 3.2 .8 3.4 1.2 1.2 .5 .5 – .3

$10,000 to $14,999 6.5 ........................... 1.6 .4 4.2 1.0 1.1 .6 1.0 .5 .4

$15,000 to $19,999 8.8 ........................... 3.6 .6 4.2 1.8 .8 .2 1.3 – .3

$20,000 to $24,999 12.3 ........................... 5.6 .4 5.3 3.3 .9 .4 .3 .4 .9

$25,000 to $29,999 6.9 ........................... 4.8 .6 1.1 .7 .2 .2 – – .3

$30,000 to $34,999 6.1 ........................... 3.1 – 2.6 1.3 .4 .7 .2 – .3

$35,000 to $39,999 5.0 ........................... 3.0 .6 1.4 .2 .2 .7 .2 – –

$40,000 to $49,999 10.0 ........................... 5.5 1.4 3.2 .7 1.4 .6 – .5 –

$50,000 to $59,999 8.8 ........................... 6.7 .4 1.4 .9 – – .2 .2 .3

$60,000 to $79,999 10.3 ........................... 7.4 1.4 1.5 .4 .2 – .5 .4 –

$80,000 to $99,999 7.8 ........................... 6.9 .4 .5 .2 .2 – – – –

$100,000 to $119,999 3.9 ......................... 3.0 .2 .7 .2 .2 – .2 – –

$120,000 or more 5.5 ............................. 3.8 .9 .9 .4 – – .2 .2 –

Median 33 557 ...................................... 44 605 42 094 21 972 22 672 20 993 ... ... ... ...

Monthly Housing Costs

Less than $100 1.1 ............................... .2 .4 .2 .2 – – – – .3

$100 to $199 3.5 ................................. 2.6 – .9 .4 .2 – .2 – –

$200 to $249 3.3 ................................. 2.6 .2 .4 – .2 .2 – – –

$250 to $299 4.8 ................................. 4.3 – .2 .2 – – – – .3

$300 to $349 4.5 ................................. 3.0 .2 .7 – .5 .2 – – .6

$350 to $399 2.8 ................................. 1.7 .2 .9 .5 – .2 .2 – –

$400 to $449 2.9 ................................. 1.1 .2 1.3 .8 .3 – .2 – .3

$450 to $499 5.8 ................................. 2.6 .4 2.5 .9 .9 – .7 – .4

$500 to $599 9.9 ................................. 2.3 1.1 6.1 3.1 1.1 .5 1.2 .2 .3

$600 to $699 11.3 ................................. 4.2 1.0 5.7 2.6 .9 .9 .7 .7 .3

$700 to $799 8.8 ................................. 4.4 .4 3.4 1.1 .8 .2 .7 .6 .6

$800 to $999 15.2 ................................. 6.7 1.8 6.7 1.8 1.3 1.8 1.2 .7 –

$1,000 to $1,249 10.7 ............................. 7.3 1.1 2.2 1.1 .5 .2 – .4 –

$1,250 to $1,499 6.9 ............................. 5.7 .6 .7 .4 .2 – – – –

$1,500 or more 14.1 ............................... 12.6 1.3 .3 .3 –––– –

No cash rent .7 ................................. .2 – .5 – .2 – .3 – –

Median (excludes no cash rent) 733 ............... 848 835 650 622 629 ... ... ... ...

Monthly Housing Costs as Percent of

Current Income3

Less than 5 percent 4.2 ........................... 3.8 .2 .2 .2 – – – – – 5 to 9 percent 6.9 ................................ 3.9 .8 1.8 .7 .5 – .5 .2 .3 10 to 14 percent 9.9 .............................. 6.0 1.3 2.0 .9 .4 .2 – .4 .6 15 to 19 percent 14.3 .............................. 9.9 1.3 2.9 .9 .7 .4 .7 .2 .3 20 to 24 percent 10.5 .............................. 7.7 .9 2.0 .7 .8 .4 – – – 25 to 29 percent 9.2 .............................. 4.8 .7 3.4 1.6 .9 .6 – .3 .3 30 to 34 percent 11.2 .............................. 4.6 1.1 5.2 2.8 .7 .7 .7 .2 .3 35 to 39 percent 7.3 .............................. 4.5 .6 2.2 .5 .4 .7 .5 .2 – 40 to 49 percent 9.6 .............................. 5.7 .2 2.6 1.3 .2 .2 .7 .2 1.0 50 to 59 percent 6.4 .............................. 2.8 .2 3.5 1.6 .6 – 1.2 – – 60 to 69 percent 2.7 .............................. 1.3 .4 .9 .2 .7 – – – – 70 to 99 percent 4.8 .............................. 2.4 .4 2.0 .6 .2 .4 .5 .2 – 100 percent or more4.......................... 6.5 2.5 .7 3.0 1.1 .5 .4 .5 .5 .3 Zero or negative income 2.2 ....................... 1.3 .2 .7 .2 .2 – – .2 – No cash rent .7 ................................. .2 – .5 – .2 – .3 – – Median (excludes 2 previous lines) 28 ........... 24 24 33 33 30 ... ... ... ... Median (excludes 3 lines before medians) 26 ..... 23 22 32 32 29 ... ... ... ...

1For mobile homes, oldest category is 1939 or earlier.

2Figures may not add to total because more than one category may apply to a unit.

3Beginning with 1989 this item uses current income in its calculation, see Appendix A.

4May reflect a temporary situation, living off savings or response error.

AMERICAN HOUSING SURVEY FOR THE OAKLAND METROPOLITAN AREA: 1998 209

U.S. Census Bureau
Appendix A.

Definitions

Beginning with the 1997 survey, most questions had

new wording, compared with those used in earlier surveys. Also, new question and answer categories were

added, and all questions were read from (and answers

entered into) portable computers. The AHS questionnaire

is in a computer program that runs on the field representatives’ portable computers. The survey’s field representatives were instructed to read the questions exactly as

worded. For a discussion of historical changes, see Appendix C. The exact wording of the questions and numerous

explanations (‘‘help’’ screens) are printed in the Codebook

for the American Housing Survey, Volume 3. For a copy,

please contact HUD USER, Box 6091, Rockville, MD 20850

(1-800-245-2691). The definitions and explanations given

here are, to a considerable extent, drawn from the questionnaire and the AHS Field Representative Manual.

The definitions are alphabetized by the titles used in

printed books of summary tables. Some cross references

are provided, and if a specific topic is not located, try

related topics. The definitions apply to books of summary

tables, and also to the computer files (‘‘microdata’’), unless

they are marked ‘‘not applicable.’’

Adults and single children under 18 years old. See

‘‘Household composition.’’

Age of householder. The age classification refers to the

age reported for the householder as of that person’s last

birthday.

Age of other residential buildings within 300 feet.

The respondent was asked to describe the age of other

residential buildings within 300 feet of the sample unit.

The responses were then classified as: ‘‘Older,’’ ‘‘Newer,’’

‘‘About the same,’’ or ‘‘Very mixed.’’ ‘‘Older than sample

unit’’ and ‘‘Younger than sample unit’’ indicate that the

sample unit appears to be decidedly newer or older than

the homes within 300 feet. ‘‘Very mixed’’ indicates the

ages vary. If there are no other residential buildings within

300 feet, ‘‘No other residential buildings’’ is marked.

Amenities. See ‘‘Selected amenities.’’

Amount of savings and investments. These data are

collected only for families and primary individuals with

total incomes of $25,000 per year or less, to indicate how

many have substantial assets in spite of their low

incomes. Savings include savings in a bank, other financial

institution, or money market account. Other investments

include stocks, bonds, rental properties, second homes,

real estate, antiques, art, certificates of deposit, IRA or

KEOGH accounts, and commodities. Investments exclude

the primary residence and its furnishings, and cars.

Annual taxes paid per $1,000 value.

Books. Real estate taxes paid per $1,000 value of the

house (and lot, except on mobile homes) are presented.

Medians for taxes per $1,000 value are rounded to the

nearest dollar.

Microdata. Not applicable, can be calculated from taxes

and value.

Bars on windows of buildings. The respondent was

asked if any of the buildings within 300 feet of the sample

unit have metal bars on the windows. The condition of the

windows has no bearing on this item. The windows might

be in perfect condition, but the bars might be there to protect against vandalism. Windows that are boarded up or

covered with metal sheeting are not included.

Bathrooms. See ‘‘Complete bathrooms.’’

Bedrooms. The number of bedrooms in the housing unit

is the count of rooms used mainly for sleeping, even if

they also are used for other purposes. Rooms reserved for

sleeping, such as guest rooms, even though used infrequently, are counted as bedrooms. On the other hand,

rooms used mainly for other purposes, even though used

also for sleeping or designed as bedrooms, such as a living room with a hideaway bed or a den or sewing room,

are not considered bedrooms. A housing unit consisting of

only one room, such as a one-room efficiency apartment,

is classified by definition as having no bedroom.

Buildings. See ‘‘Bars on windows of buildings,’’ ‘‘Common

stairways,’’ ‘‘External building conditions,’’ ‘‘Year structure

built.’’

Business. See ‘‘Income,’’ ‘‘Other activities on property,’’

‘‘Rooms.’’

Cars and trucks available. Included are passenger cars

and station wagons owned or regularly used by one or

more household members and ordinarily kept at home.

Company cars are counted (if used regularly for nonbusiness purposes and kept at home) as are taxicabs (if they

are owned by a household member and kept at home).

The total number of vehicles is not published, since cars

are counted separately from ‘‘trucks or vans.’’ In the

APPENDIX A A-1

U.S. Census Bureau
books, to obtain a count of all units lacking cars specifically, the lines ‘‘no cars, trucks, or vans’’ and ‘‘other households without cars’’ must be added together.

Included are pickups and small panel trucks of one-ton

capacity or less, and small vans that are owned or regularly used by one or more members of the household and

ordinarily kept at home. Company trucks and vans are

included if used regularly for nonbusiness purposes and

kept at home. To obtain a count of all units lacking trucks

or vans, the lines ‘‘no cars, trucks, or vans’’ and ‘‘with cars,

no trucks or vans’’ must be added together.

Except for units falling in the category ‘‘no cars, trucks,

or vans,’’ all units will fall into two categories. For

example, a unit with one car only would fall both in the

category ‘‘1 car with or without trucks or vans’’ and ‘‘with

cars, no trucks or vans.’’

Census. See ‘‘Comparability with Census of Population

and Housing data in 1990.’’

Central cities.

National books and microdata. Since 1985, the National

AHS has used the official list of central cities published on

June 27, 1983, by the Office of Management and Budget

as OMB Bulletin 83-20. That list was developed from definitions published January 3, 1980, in the Federal Register,

Volume 45, pages 956-963. AHS still uses these 1983

boundaries to measure change consistently over time.

Books and microdata. Most metropolitan statistical areas

had at least one central city, which was usually its largest

city. In addition, any city with at least 250,000 population

or at least 100,000 people working within its corporate

limits qualified as a central city. Smaller cities were also

identified as central cities if they had at least 25,000

population and (1) had at least 75 jobs for each 100 residents who were employed, and (2) 60 percent or fewer of

the city’s resident workers commuted to jobs outside the

city. Finally, in certain smaller metropolitan statistical

areas, there were places with between 15,000 and 25,000

population that also qualified as central cities, because

they were at least one-third the size of the metropolitan

statistical area’s largest city and met the two commuting

requirements.

See also ‘‘Places’’ and ‘‘Urban and rural residence.’’

Change in housing costs. Housing costs include mortgage and rent payment, real estate taxes, insurance,

upkeep of place, utilities, homeowner membership fees,

land rent, and mobile home park fees. For the householder

and those who moved with the householder (from the

same place at the same time), comparison is made of the

share paid in the previous unit with the share paid in the

present residence. The wording in the questionnaire is

‘‘their share, if not whole household,’’ so there may be

some ambiguity for someone who used to pay 50 percent

of $100 and now pays 50 percent of $600, but this is

intended to count as increased rent.

Choice of present home and home search. These data

are shown for units where the respondent moved during

the past year. The respondent was asked a three-part

question on choice of present home: (1) whether the

respondent looked at both houses/mobile homes and

apartments; (2) the reasons the respondent chose the

present house or apartment; and (3) the main reason the

present house or apartment was chosen. The distribution

for choice of present home may not add to the total, as

the respondent was not limited to one response. See ‘‘Reasons for leaving previous unit.’’

Choice of present neighborhood and neighborhood

search. These data are shown for units where the

respondent moved during the past year. The respondent

was asked a three-part question on choice of present

neighborhood: (1) whether the respondent looked for a

house/apartment in any other neighborhood; (2) the reasons the respondent chose the present neighborhood; and

(3) the main reason the present neighborhood was chosen. The distribution for choice of present neighborhood

may not add to the total, as the respondent was not limited to one response.

Common stairways. Common stairways are usually used

by the occupants and guests to get to the doors of the

unit. They may be either inside the structure or attached

to the outside of the building. The statistics on common

stairways are presented for multiunit structures with two

or more floors and common stairways. The figures reflect

the physical condition of the stairway: the presence of

loose, broken, or missing steps or stair railings.

Commuting. See ‘‘Journey to work’’ and ‘‘Neighborhood

conditions and neighborhood services.’’

Comparability with Census of Population and Housing data in 1990. The concepts and definitions are

largely the same for items that appear in the 1990 Census

of Population and Housing with the following main exceptions.

In the AHS, recent movers are householders that moved

into their unit during the 12 months prior to interview. In

the 1990 Census of Housing on mover households, the

time period was from January 1, 1989, through March 31,

1990, a period of 15 months or less.

In the AHS, units are classified as new construction if

the unit was constructed 4 years or less from the date of

the interview. In the 1990 census, units are classified as

new construction if constructed in 1985 through 1990.

Data on poverty level in the 1990 census do not contain the income of household members unrelated to the

householder. In the AHS, data on poverty level include the

income of all household members whether or not they are

related to the householder (see ‘‘Poverty status’’).

Income data in the AHS are based on income for the 12

months prior to interview for those household members

A-2 APPENDIX A

U.S. Census Bureau
aged 14 years and older. The 1990 census income data

are for calendar year 1989 and for income of household

members 15 years and older.

Differences between the AHS data and the 1990 census

also may be attributed to the method of data collection

(mailed questionnaires in the census, personal and telephone interviews in the AHS); differences in processing

procedures and sample designs; the sampling variability

associated with the sample data from both the AHS and

the census; and the nonsampling errors associated with

the survey estimates and the census data.

A variety of data on mortgages and owner-occupied

properties are presented in the Residential Finance Survey,

a specialized study done as part of the 1990 census. Differences include the fact that the basic unit of tabulation

in the AHS is the housing unit, and in Residential Finance

publications it is the property. Also, all the data in the AHS

are provided by the occupant; in Residential Finance publications, mortgage is reconciled with responses from the

lender.

Comparability with Current Construction Reports

from the Survey of Construction. The U.S. Census

Bureau issues several publications under the series title,

Current Construction Reports. The data for these reports

are primarily from the Survey of Construction.

The major difference with the AHS is that the Survey of

Construction shows counts and characteristics of housing

units in various stages of construction through completion. The AHS shows only counts and characteristics of

completed housing. Additional differences may be attributed to factors such as the sampling variability and nonsampling errors of the data from the two surveys, survey

procedures and techniques, and processing procedures.

Complete bathrooms. A housing unit is classified as

having a complete bathroom if it has a room or adjoining

areas with a flush toilet, bathtub or shower, a sink, and

hot and cold piped water. A half bathroom has hot and

cold piped water and either a flush toilet or a bathtub or

shower, but does not have all the facilities for a complete

bathroom.

Conditions of streets. The respondent was asked if any

of the streets within 300 feet of the sample unit needed

major repairs. Major repairs needed include large potholes, badly crumbling or deteriorating shoulders and

roadsides, deep ruts, etc. Minor repairs include small

cracks, shallow holes, or missing minor surfacing.

Condominium and cooperative fee. A condominium

fee is charged to the owners of the individual condominium unit on a regular basis. The fee covers any operating and maintenance costs of the common property; for

example, halls, lobby, parking areas, laundry room, swimming pool, as well as related administrative costs, such as

utilities billed communally and management fees.

A cooperative maintenance fee (also called carrying

charge) is a fee charged to the owners of the cooperative

on a regular basis. It covers a share of the annual amount

paid by the cooperative for real estate taxes, mortgage

interest, and operating cost. In the books, medians for

condominiums and cooperative fees are rounded to the

nearest dollar.

Consolidated metropolitan statistical areas. A consolidated metropolitan statistical area (CMSA) is made up

of at least two primary metropolitan statistical areas. The

microdata identify specific CMSAs. See Metropolitan areas.

Construction. See ‘‘Comparability with Current Construction Reports from the Survey of Construction’’ and ‘‘ Year

structure built.’’

Cooling degree days. See ‘‘Heating and cooling degree

days.’’

Cooperatives and condominiums. A cooperative is a

type of ownership whereby a group of housing units is

owned by a corporation of member-owners. Each individual member is entitled to occupy or rent out an individual housing unit and is a shareholder in the corporation

that owns the property, but does not own the unit directly.

The corporation may have a mortgage on the whole group

of units. The member may have a loan or mortgage to buy

his or her shares in the corporation.

A condominium is a type of ownership that enables a

person to own an apartment or house directly in a project

of similarly owned units. The owner’s name is on the

deed, and the owner may have a mortgage on the unit

occupied. The owner also may hold common or joint ownership in some or all common areas such as grounds, hallways, entrances, elevators, etc.

Cooperative or condominium ownership may apply to

various types of structures including single-family houses,

rowhouses, townhouses, etc., as well as apartment units.

Cost and ownership sharing. This item is restricted to

owner-occupied housing units. Shared ownership is two or

more names on a deed or title. Shared costs include only

payments designated for mortgage or utility costs (not

taxes or insurance), whether paid directly to a mortgage

or utility company, or to household members. ‘‘Not living

here’’ means that one of the people sharing the ownership

or costs is not a household member.

Cost. See ‘‘Annual taxes paid per $1,000 value,’’ ‘‘Change

in housing costs,’’ ‘‘Real estate taxes,’’ ‘‘Monthly housing

costs,’’ ‘‘Other housing costs per month,’’ ‘‘Mortgages currently on property.’’

Crime. See Neighborhood crime, a subtopic under:

‘‘Neighborhood conditions and neighborhood services.’’

Current income. Upon completion of the detailed income

questions, respondents were asked, ‘‘Is your total family

income THIS MONTH about the same as it was a year

APPENDIX A A-3

U.S. Census Bureau
ago?’’ ‘‘About the same’’ was defined as within 10 percent,

or just cost of living adjustments. If the respondent

answered ‘‘no,’’ a second question was asked, ‘‘What do

you expect your total family income to be in the NEXT 12

MONTHS?’’

Current income for families and primary individuals

whose most recent month’s income was NOT about the

same as a year ago is the ‘‘total expected family income in

the NEXT 12 MONTHS.’’ The majority of respondents

answered ‘‘about the same,’’ and their current income is

therefore defined as the total income of the family and primary individual in the past year.

Current income is not published separately. It is used in

the calculation of ‘‘Ratio of value to current income,’’ and

‘‘Monthly housing costs as percent of current income.’’ It is

felt that respondents who recently entered the jobmarket,

retired, changed jobs, or moved often had a previous

year’s income which is too low or high to compare to

housing costs.

Current interest rate. This item refers to the annual percentage rate in effect as of the date of the interview, not

the rate when the mortgage was made, nor any imminent

changes of which the respondent may be aware. In the

books, medians for current interest rate are rounded to

the nearest tenth of a percent.

Current total loan as percent of value.

Books. This percentage is computed by dividing the outstanding principal amount by the value of the housing

unit. Medians for loan as a percent of value are rounded to

the nearest tenth of a percent.

Microdata. Not applicable.

Description of area within 300 feet. The respondent

was asked to describe the area within a half block (defined

as within 300 feet) of the sample unit. The categories

include: single-family detached houses, single-family

attached houses or low-rise (1-3 story) multiunit buildings,

mid-rise (4-6 story) multiunit buildings, high-rise (7-ormore story) multiunit buildings, and mobile homes.

The category ‘‘Commercial and institutional; industrial

buildings or factories’’ includes all varieties of nonresidential structures—offices, banks, hospitals, prisons, pumping

stations, water treatment plants, factories, parking

garages, churches, hotels, restaurants, barns, and junk

yards.

‘‘Residential parking lots’’ exclude driveways of singlefamily homes and parking garages where parking is on

more than one level. ‘‘Body of water’’ refers to categories

such as lakes, ponds, streams, reservoirs, and rivers.

Swimming pools and temporary pools of water are

excluded.

‘‘Open space, park, woods, farm, or ranch’’ include cemeteries, golf courses, woods, forest preserves, vacant lots,

undeveloped land, airport land, ball fields, school fields,

etc.

Down payment. See ‘‘Major source of down payment.’’

Educational attainment. Data on educational attainment

are derived from a question that asks, ‘‘What is the highest

level of school ... completed or the highest degree ... has

received?’’ The question on educational attainment applied

only to progress in ‘‘regular’’ schools. Regular schools

include public, private, and parochial elementary and high

schools (both junior and senior), colleges, universities,

professional, vocational, trade, and business schools.

Schooling in other than regular schools is counted only if

the credits obtained are regarded as transferable in the

regular school system.

The category ‘‘high school graduate’’ included people

who received either a high school diploma or the equivalent; for example, passed the Test of General Educational

Development [G.E.D] and did not attend college. The category ‘‘Associate degree’’ includes people whose highest

degree is an associate degree in (1) an occupational program that prepares them for a specific occupation, and the

course work may or may not be creditable toward a bachelor’s degree or (2) an academic program primarily in the

arts and sciences, and the course work is transferable to a

bachelor’s degree. Some examples of professional degrees

include medicine, dentistry, pharmacy, and law.

In the books, to obtain the total number of householders who are high school graduates, add 1) high school

graduates (includes equivalency), 2) graduates with some

college, no degree, 3) with an associate degree, 4) with a

bachelor’s degree, and 5) with a graduate degree. To

obtain the total number of householder graduates with a

bachelor’s degree, add (1) with a bachelor’s degree and (2)

with a graduate or professional degree. The microdata

have similar information on other household members

aged 14 years and older.

See also ‘‘Neighborhood conditions and neighborhood

services.’’

Elderly.

Books. Data for elderly include all households with householders aged 65 years and older. Note that this definition

is narrower than in Department of Housing and Urban

Development housing programs, which count as elderly all

households where the householder or spouse is 62 or

older, or has a disability.

Microdata. Not applicable; data can be classified at any

age.

Electric fuses and circuit breakers. These statistics are

presented for occupied housing units. The data show

whether an electric fuse has blown or circuit breaker has

tripped in the home in the 3 months prior to the interview,

or while the household was living in the unit if less than 3

months. A blown fuse or tripped breaker switch results in

the temporary loss of electricity until the fuse is replaced

or the breaker switch reset. Blown fuses inside major

A-4 APPENDIX A

U.S. Census Bureau
pieces of installed equipment (such as some air conditioners) are counted as blown fuses or tripped breaker

switches. The item may identify inadequate wiring, but it

also happens commonly when people move into houses

and are unfamiliar with which items can be turned on at

the same time.

Electricity. See ‘‘Monthly costs for electricity and gas.’’

Elevator on floor. Statistics are shown for housing units

in structures with two or more floors that have one or

more passenger elevators in working condition on the

same floor as the sample unit. Elevators used only for

freight are excluded.

Equipment. This item refers to selected equipment that is

not shared with other households. Refrigerators, burners,

ovens and disposals are counted only if they are in working order or the household plans to have them repaired or

replaced soon.

Complete kitchen facilities. A housing unit has complete

kitchen facilities when it has all of the following: (1)

kitchen sink; (2) burners, cook stove, or microwave oven;

and (3) refrigerator. These terms are further defined below.

The same criteria are used for occupied and vacant

units in determining complete kitchen facilities. In some

areas of the country it is common for the occupant to

bring a refrigerator. In these cases the vacant unit, lacking

a refrigerator, has an incomplete kitchen.

Kitchen sink. Only a sink in the unit or on an enclosed

porch is counted, but it does not matter whether it is in

the kitchen. However a bathroom sink does not count as a

kitchen sink.

Refrigerator. It may or may not have a freezer. Kerosene

refrigerators are counted, but not ice boxes.

Microwave oven. Beginning 1997, only data for microwave

ovens were collected.

Burners. Only burners built into a stove or counter top are

counted, including burners in a wood-burning stove.

Dishwasher. Counter top dishwashers are not counted.

Washing machine. Any kind with a motor is counted.

Clothes dryer. Only clothes dryers with motors are

counted, not hand-operated wringers, hand-turned spin

dryers, etc.

Disposal in sink. A disposal is a motorized device that

grinds waste so it can flow through the waste water pipe.

Trash compactor. Only built-in motorized trash compactors are counted.

Air conditioning. Air conditioning is defined as the cooling

of air by a refrigeration unit; excluded are evaporative

coolers, fans, or blowers that are not connected to a

refrigeration unit. A room air-conditioning unit is a individual air conditioner that is installed in a window or an

outside wall and generally intended to cool one room,

although it may sometimes be used to cool several rooms.

A central system is a central installation that air conditions

the entire housing unit or major portions of it. In an apartment building, a central system may cool all apartments in

the building; each apartment may have its own central

system; or there may be several systems, each providing

central air conditioning for a group of apartments. A central installation with individual room controls is a central

air-conditioning system.

External building conditions. The external condition of

the building that contains the sample unit was determined

by direct questions asked of the respondent. The categories were grouped into the following: roof, walls, windows, and foundation.

Roof. A ‘‘sagging roof’’ is a critical defect indicating continuous neglect, or deep or serious damage to the structure. Only roofs with substantial sagging were included.

‘‘Missing roofing material’’ includes rotted, broken, loose

or missing shingles, tiles, slate, shake, tin, etc., caused by

extensive damage from fire, storm, or serious neglect.

‘‘Hole in roof’’ occurs when the missing roof materials

expose the interior of the unit directly to weather. Holes

caused by construction activity were not counted unless

the construction had been abandoned.

Walls. ‘‘Missing bricks, siding, other outside wall material’’

applies to the exterior wall (including chimney) of the

structure. Those defects may have been caused by storm,

fire, flood, extensive neglect, vandalism, and so forth.

Materials may include clapboard siding, shingles, boards,

brick, concrete, stucco, etc. The missing materials do not

necessarily expose the interior of the unit directly to

weather. Missing materials resulting from construction

activity were not counted unless construction had been

abandoned. ‘‘Sloping outside walls’’ is a critical defect indicating continuous neglect or serious damage to the structure. Only walls with substantial sagging were included.

Windows. ‘‘Boarded-up windows’’ have been sealed off to

protect against weather or entry and include windows

and/or doors covered by board, brick, metal, or some

other material. ‘‘Broken windows’’ indicate several broken

or missing window panes. ‘‘Bars on windows’’ are to protect against unlawful entry. The condition of the windows

has no bearing on this item. The bars can be vertical, horizontal, a metal grating, etc. Windows completely covered

with metal sheeting are not included in this category.

Foundation crumbling or has open crack or hole. This category includes large cracks, holes, and rotted, loose, or

missing foundation material.

Family or primary individual. While any occupant of a

housing unit is called a household member, each household includes either (a) a family, which is the householder

APPENDIX A A-5

U.S. Census Bureau
and all (one or more) other people living in the same

household who are related to the householder by blood,

marriage, or adoption, or (b) a primary individual, which

is a householder who lives alone or with nonrelatives only.

In any case the household also may include one or more

roommates, lodgers, servants, or other people unrelated

to the householder. These are considered members of the

household but not of the family.

Married couples related to the householder of a family

are included in the family and are not considered as separate families unless they reside in separate living quarters.

While they are part of the family, they are also usually a

subfamily (see Persons other than spouse or children).

By definition, families include the householder and at

least one relative, so in the statistics on household composition, families are always included in the various categories of two-or-more-person households. Primary individuals with nonrelatives living with them also are tabulated as

two-or-more-person households. Primary individuals living

alone are tabulated as one-person households.

The definition of families and primary individuals is significant in that some income items are collected only for

the family or primary individual; these are: source of

income, current income, food stamps, savings and investments. (Source of income and amount of wages are, in

fact, only for family members aged 14 years and older.)

For other household members aged 14 years and older,

who are not related to the householder, total income is

collected for each person, but sources and current

changes in income are not identified, and their income is

not included in comparisons with monthly housing costs

or value. The distinction is meant to approximate whose

income may be available for housing and other shared living expenses. However it is imperfect in the case of roommates who share more or less equally. See also ‘‘Household composition.’’

Farm-nonfarm residence.

National microdata. In rural areas, occupied housing units

are classified as farm units if the sales of agricultural products amounted to at least $1,000 during the 12-month

period prior to the interview.

Metropolitan microdata. Not applicable.

First-time owners. If both the owner and any co-owner

have never owned or co-owned another home as a usual

residence then the housing unit was reported as the first

home ever owned. Previous homes purchased solely as

vacation homes or homes purchased for commercial rental

purposes are not considered usual residences. However, if

a previously owned home was originally purchased as a

usual residence and later used as a vacation home or for

commercial or rental purposes, the owner is not a firsttime owner.

Flush toilet and flush toilet breakdowns. A privy or

chemical toilet is not considered a flush toilet. Flush toilets outside the unit were not counted. The statistics on

breakdowns of flush toilet are shown for housing units

with at least one flush toilet for the household’s use only.

The flush toilet may be completely unusable because of a

faulty flushing mechanism, broken pipes, stopped up

sewer pipe, lack of water supplied to the flush toilet, or

some other reason.

For households with more than one toilet, the intent of

the question was to ask about times when all toilets were

unusable. The 1997 questionnaire mistakenly asked about

times when the toilet was unusable. The 1997 breakdown

data may therefore include many units where another toilet was indeed usable. This error was corrected in the

1998 survey.

Food stamps. These data are restricted to families and

primary individuals with total incomes of $25,000 per

year or less. Housing units are counted in these data if the

householder or any relative currently living in the unit

received food stamps in the past year, even at another

address. Food stamps are government issued coupons

that can be used to purchase food. The food stamp program is a joint federal-state program that is administered

by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, state and local governments.

Foundation. This item is restricted to one-unit buildings

and excludes mobile homes. A structure has a basement if

there is enclosed space at least partially underground in

which a person can walk upright under all or part of the

building. The basement is under all the building if it is

under the entire main structure, excluding garages, carports, and porches. Crawl space is space between the

ground and the first floor of the house, but it is not high

enough for a person to walk upright. A house is built on a

concrete slab if it is built on concrete that has been

poured on the ground. The ‘‘other’’ category refers to a

house built on stilts or pilings (for example, beach

houses), boats, and motor homes.

Fuels. Electricity may be supplied by above- or underground electric power lines or generated at the housing

unit. Piped gas is gas piped through underground pipes

from a central system to serve the neighborhood. Bottled

gas is pressurized gas stored in tanks or bottles that are

filled or exchanged when empty. Fuel oil is heating oil normally supplied by truck to a storage tank for use by the

heating system. Kerosene or other liquid fuel includes

kerosene, gasoline, alcohol, and other similar combustible

liquids. Coal or coke is usually delivered by truck. Wood

refers to the use of wood or wood charcoal as a fuel. Solar

energy refers to the use of energy available from sunlight

as a heating fuel source. Other includes briquettes made

of pitch and sawdust, coal dust, waste material like corncobs, purchased steam, or any other fuel not listed.

Fuels, other house heating. These are the same types

of fuels mentioned above but use in addition and/or

supplementing the main house heating fuel.

A-6 APPENDIX A

U.S. Census Bureau
Gas. See ‘‘Monthly cost for electricity and gas.’’

Group quarters. See ‘‘Housing units.’’

Halls. See ‘‘Light fixtures in public halls.’’

Heating and cooling degree days.

National books and microdata. Each degree that the average temperature for a day is below 65 degrees Fahrenheit

produces one heating degree day (HDD). For example, if

the maximum temperature is 70 degrees F and the minimum temperature is 52 degrees F, the average temperature for the day is 61 degrees, resulting in four heating

degree days. A day when the average temperature is 65 or

more has zero heating degree days.

Each degree that the average temperature for a day is

above 65 degrees Fahrenheit produces one cooling degree

day (CDD). For example, if the maximum temperature is

80 degrees F and the minimum temperature is 62 degrees

F, the average temperature for the day is 71 degrees,

resulting is six cooling degree days. A day when the average temperature is 65 or less has zero cooling degree

days.

The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

(NOAA) provided the information on degree days, based

on averages for 1951-80. Each sample unit was assigned

heating and cooling degree days using average NOAA data

for counties.

Metropolitan books and microdata. Not applicable.

Heating equipment and heating equipment breakdowns. Data are shown for the main heating equipment

and other heating equipment used in addition to the main

heating equipment. More than one category of ‘‘Other

heating equipment’’ could be reported for the same household. Only one type of equipment was reported as the

‘‘Main heating equipment.’’

Warm-air furnace refers to a central system that provides warm air through ducts leading to various rooms.

Steam or hot water system refers to a central heating system in which heat from steam or hot water is delivered

through radiators or other outlets. It also includes solar

heated hot water that is circulated throughout the home.

An electric heat pump refers to a heating and cooling system that utilizes indoor and outdoor coils, a compressor,

and a refrigerant to pump in heat during the winter and

pump out heat during the summer. Only heat pumps that

are centrally installed with ducts to the rooms are included

in this category. Others are included in wall units. Built-in

electric units refer to units permanently installed in floors,

walls, ceilings, or baseboards. A floor, wall, or other

built-in hot-air unit without ducts delivers warm air to the

room right above the furnace or to the room(s) on one or

both sides of the wall in which the furnace is installed.

Room heater with flue refers to nonportable room heaters in the wall or free standing heaters that burn liquid

fuel, and which are connected to a flue, vent, or chimney

to remove smoke and fumes.

Room heater without flue refers to any room heater that

burns kerosene, gas, or oil, which does not connect to

flue, vent, or chimney. Portable electric heater refers to

heaters that receive current from an electrical wall outlet.

Stove refers to cooking ranges or stoves (gas or electric)

manufactured to cook but used as a heating source. It also

includes Solid fuel stove, stoves or Franklin stoves that

burn wood, coal, or other solid fuel. Fireplaces with

inserts have a fan-forced air circulation system to force the

heat into the room. A fireplace without inserts refers to

glass door fire screens or fire backs inserted in the back of

the fireplace to passively reflect heat.

For breakdowns of heating equipment, statistics are

shown for housing units occupied by the householder during the winter prior to the interview and refer only to the

main heating equipment. The data are classified by

whether the housing unit was uncomfortably cold for 24

hours or more, the number of times equipment breakdowns occurred lasting 6 hours or more, and causes for

the breakdowns.

The heating equipment is broken down if it is not providing heat at its normal heating capacity through some

fault in the equipment. Utility interruptions occur when

there is a cutoff in the gas, electricity, or other fuel supplying the heat. Inadequate heating capacity refers to heating

equipment that is providing heat at its normal capacity,

but the housing unit is still too cold for the occupants.

Inadequate insulation refers to air drafts through window

frames, electrical outlets, or walls that are cold. Cost of

heating refers to the occupants turning down their thermostat or turning the equipment off altogether to save

money. This category includes utilities/fuels that are

unavailable due to unpaid bills.

Hispanic. ‘‘Hispanic’’ refers to the origin of the householder, and was determined by asking respondents to

identify people living in the unit who were Hispanic or

Spanish American. There is no intent to include people of

Brazilian or Portuguese ancestry. Hispanic people may be

of any race. Most identify themselves as White or Black, as

shown in Table 2-1.

Data on Hispanic households shown in the AHS are collected in the 50 states and the District of Columbia and

therefore do not include households living in Puerto Rico.

Home equity loan. Households were asked how many

home equity loans they had. Home equity loans include

both revolving lines of credit and lump sums with a fixed

repayment schedule. The respondent was not given a definition to distinguish between these and most other mortgages. However reverse annuity mortgages were defined

first and excluded. Respondents were asked if each home

equity loan was a line of credit or lump sum, its credit

limit, current balance, the amount of last payment and

interest rate.

Homes currently for sale or rent. See ‘‘Vacancy, seasonality and marketing.’’

APPENDIX A A-7

U.S. Census Bureau
Homes on the market for sale or rent. The data are

presented for owner-occupied units and year-round units

temporarily occupied by people who have a usual residence elsewhere. The classification of the unit refers to

the current action of the owner. The owner may offer the

unit up for rent only, up for rent or for sale, or for sale

only. In addition, the current owner may have contracted

to rent or sell the unit but the transfer has not yet taken

place. Finally, the housing unit may be not on the market

at all.

Household. A household consists of all people who

occupy a particular housing unit as their usual residence,

or who live there at the time of the interview and have no

usual residence elsewhere. The usual residence is the

place where the person lives and sleeps most of the time.

This place is not necessarily the same as a legal residence,

voting residence, or domicile.

Households include not only occupants related to the

householder but also any lodgers, roomers, boarders,

partners, wards, foster children, and resident employees

who share the living quarters of the householder. It

includes people temporarily away for reasons such as visiting, traveling in connection with their jobs, attending

school, in general hospitals, and in other temporary locations.

By definition, the count of households is the same as

the count of occupied housing units.

Householder. The householder is the first household

member listed on the questionnaire who is an owner or

renter of the sample unit and is aged 18 years or older. An

owner is a person whose name is on the deed, mortgage,

contract to purchase, etc. A renter is a person whose

name is on the lease; if there is no lease, a renter is a person responsible for paying the rent. If no one meets the

full criteria, the age requirement is relaxed before the

owner/renter requirement. Where the respondent is one of

several unrelated people who all could meet the criteria,

the interviewer may list the respondent first, so the

respondent will be the householder and can answer the

questions that are asked specifically about the householder, such as data on moves and income sources.

Household composition.

Books. The following categories are published in the

books.

Married-couple families. Each household in this group

includes the householder and spouse, and other people, if

any, who are related to the householder and live in the

household. If the householder’s spouse is not present, but

another married couple is present, for example daughter

and son-in-law or mother- and father-in-law, the household

is not counted here as a married-couple family.

Other male householder. This category includes households with male householders who are widowed,

divorced, separated or single, or who are married with

wife absent for other reasons.

Other female householder. This category includes households with female householders who are widowed,

divorced, separated or single, or who are married with

husband absent for other reasons.

No nonrelatives. When this phrase modifies Married-couple

households, then households that include householder,

spouse, nonrelatives, and other relatives, if any, are

included with Other male and Other female householder,

rather than with Married-couples, no nonrelatives. The

data are published both ways, in the data tables, so readers can see whether their findings are affected by the

presence of nonrelatives with married couples.

Single children under 18 years old. This category includes

all household members under 18 years, whether related to

the householder or not, who are not currently married

(that is they have never been married, or are divorced,

separated, or widowed). For example, it includes currently

unmarried children of lodgers and foster children.

Own never-married children. This category includes any

household member under 18 years old, if he or she has

never been married, and is a son, daughter, stepchild, or

adopted child of the householder. By definition, children of

subfamilies are not children of the householder, so they

are excluded from this count of own children. The data are

published for both this definition of children and the definition above (based on age and current marital status), in

different stubitems, so readers can see whether the definition of children affects their findings.

Microdata. Not applicable; researchers may calculate these

and other categories from the data on each person.

See also ‘‘Persons other than spouse or children’’ and

‘‘Family or primary individual.’’

Household moves and formation.

Books. Data are shown for households that moved into the

present unit during the 12 months prior to the date of the

interview. The distribution is further classified by (1)

whether the household moved together from the same

unit, from two or more units, or moved at separate times,

and (2) if previous householder(s) moved into the present

unit.

The total does not measure net household formation,

since it omits deaths, moves to institutions, and moves

abroad, and it does not show whether all occupants of the

previous unit moved here; some may have stayed there, or

moved elsewhere.

The categories do indicate people moving out of units

where they were not the householder (divorce, children

setting out on their own, etc.), and people moving in with

others (marriage, roommates, children moving from one

parent to another, or to a grandparent).

Microdata. Not applicable; researchers may calculate these

and other categories from the data on each person.

A-8 APPENDIX A

U.S. Census Bureau
Housing units. A housing unit is a house, apartment,

group of rooms, or single room occupied or intended for

occupancy as separate living quarters.

Living quarters is a general term that includes both

housing units and group quarters. Living quarters include

structures intended for residential use (such as a house,

apartment building, boarding house, or mobile home). Living quarters also include the following, but only if they are

occupied as a usual residence: (a) places such as tents,

caves, boats, and railroad cars; and (b) structures intended

for nonresidential use (such as rooms in a warehouse

where a guard lives). Living quarters exclude quarters

being used entirely for nonresidential purposes, such as a

store, an office, or quarters used for storing business supplies, machinery, or agricultural products.

Separate living quarters are those in which the occupants live and eat separately from any other people in the

structure and that have direct access from the outside of

the structure or through a common hall, lobby, or vestibule that is used or intended for use by the occupants of

more than one unit or by the general public. This means

that the hall, lobby, or vestibule is not part of any unit but

must be clearly separate from all units in the structure. For

vacant units, the criteria of separateness and direct access

are applied to the intended occupants whenever possible.

If the information cannot be obtained, the criteria are

applied to the previous occupants.

Group quarters. The following types of living quarters are

not classified as housing units and are not covered by the

AHS interviews (some are in the microdata as Noninterviews):

Institutional group quarters are living quarters occupied by one or more people under care or custody, such

as children in an orphanage, people in a nursing home,

and prisoners in a penitentiary.

Noninstitutional group quarters do not involve care or

custody, and do not have separate living. They include

college dormitories, fraternity and sorority houses,

nurses’ dormitories, and congregate housing for the

elderly. In addition, noninstitutional group quarters

include any living quarters that are occupied by nine or

more people unrelated to the householder.

Note that institutional and commercial establishments

that have single-family houses or individual apartments

with direct access, where staff live and eat separately,

such as some residential hotels, and units for college

professors, are housing units and are covered by the

AHS. Military housing for singles is not covered by the

AHS, but housing where civilian family members live is

counted, if it meets the definition of a housing unit.

Hotels. Occupied rooms or suites of rooms in hotels,

motels, and similar places are classified as housing units

only when occupied by permanent residents; that is,

people who consider the hotel as their usual residence or

have no usual residence elsewhere. Vacant rooms or suites

of rooms are classified as housing units only in those

hotels, motels, and similar places in which 75 percent or

more of the accommodations are occupied by permanent

residents.

Rooming houses. If any of the occupants in a rooming or

boarding house live and eat separately from everyone else

in the building and have direct access, their quarters are

classified as separate housing units. The remaining quarters are combined. If the combined quarters contain eight

or fewer roomers unrelated to the householder, or a person in charge, they are counted as one housing unit. Otherwise they are noninstitutional group quarters.

New housing units. Units being built are classified as housing units (though they may be vacant), if construction has

reached a point where all exterior windows and doors are

installed and final usable floors are in place. Note this

stage of construction is earlier than the one used in Duration of vacancy (see Vacancy, seasonality, and marketing),

which measures when construction was completed.

The occupants of each housing unit may be a single

family, one person living alone, two or more families living

together, or any other group of related or unrelated people

who share living arrangements (up to the limit of eight

people unrelated to the householder).

Both occupied and vacant units are counted, except

that the following are excluded if they are vacant: (a)

tents, caves, boats, railroad cars, and the like; (b) structures intended for nonresidential use; (c) units used for

business storage (storage of personal furniture does not

disqualify a unit); and (d) units unfit for human habitation

(roof, walls, windows, or doors no longer protect the interior from weather, or there is positive evidence such as a

sign on the house or block that the unit is to be demolished or is condemned).

Income. The survey covers total money income in the 12

months before the interview. It covers people aged 14

years and older currently living in the housing unit, even if

they lived elsewhere during some of the previous 12

months. The figures represent the amount of income

before any deductions such as taxes, Social Security, union

dues, bonds, and insurance.

The figures exclude: capital gains; lump sum payments

from inheritances or insurance; occasional gifts; other sporadic payments; money borrowed; tax refunds; withdrawal

of bank deposits; accrued interest on uncashed savings

bonds; payments between household members except

wages in a family business; income ‘‘in kind’’ such as free

living quarters, housing subsidies, food stamps, or food

produced and consumed in the home; and money from

the sale of property (unless the recipient was in the business of selling such property). Figures also exclude

income of people who have died or moved out of the

housing unit, even if they lived in it for part of the previous 12 months.

APPENDIX A A-9

U.S. Census Bureau
Most data are from the respondent’s replies. For people

not related to the householder, the interviewer tries to ask

them directly about their income, but if they are not available, the interviewer asks the respondent. Medians for

income are rounded to the nearest hundred dollars.

Figures are shown separately for household income and

income of families and primary individuals (see definition).

Each has its own advantages. Only household income

includes the income of lodgers, roommates, employees,

and other household members who are not related to the

householder.

Wage or salary income is received for work performed

as an employee. It includes wages, salary, piece-rate payments, commissions, tips, cash bonuses, and Armed

Forces pay, but not pay that a business owner pays to herself or himself.

Self-employment income is received from a business,

professional practice, partnership, or farm in which the

person was self-employed.

Social Security and pensions include pensions, survivors’ benefits, and disability payments. This is not

intended to include Supplemental Security Income (SSI),

which is grouped with welfare, but many respondents confuse SSI and Social Security. Both come from the Social

Security Administration. They used to be issued on different colored checks to minimize confusion, but now most

payments are sent by electronic deposit.

Other income includes alimony or child support from

people who are not members of the household, interest,

dividends, welfare (Temporary Assistance to Needy Families, general assistance, Supplemental Security Income

when possible, etc.), annuity payments, net rental income

(or loss), unemployment payments, workers’ compensation cash benefits, scholarships and fellowships that did

not require work (those that did require work are covered

under wages).

There may be significant differences in the income data

between the AHS and other surveys and censuses. For

example, the time period for income data in the AHS is the

12 months prior to the interview, while other income data

generally refer to the calendar year prior to the date of the

interview. Additional differences in the income data may

be attributed to how income questions are asked, levels of

missing data (usually high on questions about income),

whether missing data are estimated or ignored, sampling

variability, and nonsampling errors.

See also Current income in this Appendix A, Poverty in

Appendix C, and Effect on income in Appendix D.

Inside (P)MSAs. See ‘‘Metropolitan areas.’’

Insurance. See ‘‘Property insurance.’’

Interest. See ‘‘Current interest rate.’’

Items included in primary mortgage payment. The

respondent was asked to indicate which items were

included in the monthly mortgage payment besides principal and interest. These items included property taxes,

property insurance, and other charges. Other charges may

include disability insurance, life insurance, etc.

Journey to work. National books and microdata. The

books publish data on householders. The microdata have

similar information on all workers.

Workers. Include all people aged 14 years and older who

held a jobin the United States, any time the week before

the interview.

Householders. Householders who worked last week

include householders who reported having a jobin the

United States, any time the week before the interview.

Principal means of transportation to work last week. This

refers to the principal mode of travel used to get from

home to work. People who used different means of transportation on different days of the week were asked to

specify the one used most often. People who used more

than one means of transportation to get to work each day

were asked to specify the one used for the longest distance during the trip to work. Public transportation refers

to bus, streetcar, subway, or elevated trains. Other means

include taxicabs, ferryboats, surface trains, van service.

See also ‘‘Neighborhood conditions and neighborhood services.’’

Travel time from home to work. The total elapsed time in

minutes reported to usually get from home to work during

the week prior to interview was counted as the travel time

to work. The elapsed time included time spent waiting for

public transportation and picking up members of carpools. Respondents were instructed to report travel time

to the nearest minute.

No fixed place to work. Workers with no fixed place of

work were those who did not usually work at the same

location each day and did not usually report in to a central

location to begin work each day.

Distance from home to work. This was the one-way, ‘‘doorto-door’’ distance in miles to usually travel from home to

work during the week prior to interview. Respondents

were instructed to report travel rounded to the nearest

mile.

Departure time to work. Refers to the time (hour and minutes) the respondent left for work. The categories begin

with midnight, 12:00 a.m., and progress to 11:59 p.m.

Metropolitan books and microdatas. Not applicable.

Kitchen. See ‘‘Equipment.’’

Last used as a permanent residence. See ‘‘Vacancy,

seasonality, and marketing.’’

Lenders of primary and secondary mortgage. This

item is presented for units with two or more mortgages.

The data are classified by whether the money was borrowed from a firm (bank or other organization), the seller

A-10 APPENDIX A

U.S. Census Bureau
of the property, or from another individual. Other organizations consist of mortgage corporations, pension plans,

credit unions, and savings and loan associations. Other

individual(s) includes anyone who was not the most recent

owner.

Light fixtures in public halls. These statistics are presented for housing units in two-or-more-unit structures.

Data include whether or not there are light fixtures in the

public halls and whether or not some, none, or all of the

light fixtures are in working order. Light fixtures include

wall lights, ceiling lights, or table lamps in the public halls

of the building. Public halls are used by the occupants and

guests to get to their apartment doors.

Living quarters. See ‘‘Housing units.’’

Location of previous unit. Books show data for units in

which the householder moved during the past year. Microdata show similar information for moves since the previous interview, or for the past 2 years for units added to

the sample.

The data compare metropolitan areas of the previous

residence and the residence in the AHS sample, where the

interview was conducted. The AHS residence is coded by

its 1983 metropolitan area definition (see Metropolitan

areas). This may not be its current area definition. Since

1993 we have not been able to code the previous residence with comparable 1983 boundaries, because of

updated geographic coding systems. Therefore this item

has been suppressed to avoid spurious changes.

Lodgers. See ‘‘Household,’’ ‘‘Persons other than spouse or

children,’’ ‘‘Rent paid by lodgers.’’

Lot size. Lot size includes all connecting land that is

owned or rented with the home. Excluded are two-ormore-unit buildings and two-or-more-unit mobile homes.

In the books, median lot size is shown to hundredths of

an acre.

Lower cost state and local mortgages. Data are

shown for owner occupied units with one or more mortgages. These are loans generally 1 percent to 3 percent

below the current mortgage interest rate at the time the

loan was made. The loans are managed through state or

local governments. Excluded are federally funded programs of the Veterans Administration and Farmers Home

Administration.

Major source of down payment. This item refers to the

source of the cash used for down payment or outright purchase of the property (house or lot). If more than one

source applied, the one providing the largest amount was

recorded. Sale of previous home was reported only if the

previous home was sold during the 12-month period preceding the acquisition of the present home. Savings, or

cash on hand, includes money drawn from savings, such

as bank deposits, credit unions, share accounts, saving

bonds, certificates of deposits (CDs), money market funds,

and IRA or KEOGH accounts. Sale of other investment

includes the sale of other real property or real estate other

than the previous home or from the sale of other investments such as stocks, bonds, mutual funds, dissolved

business ventures, etc. Borrowing other than a mortgage

on this property was reported if the present owner borrowed the down payment, even if the property was mortgaged.

Money received as a gift regardless of the source was

categorized inheritance or gift. Land where building built

used for financing means the land on which the structure

was built was used as the present owner’s equity in the

property. Sources of down payment that do not fit any of

the above categories were recorded in the other category.

Manager. See ‘‘Owner or manager on property.’’

Medians.

Books. We estimate each median from the printed distribution. For example if there are 12 million homes of a particular type, the median is the 6 millionth, or halfway

point of these homes. Therefore, if 5 million homes are

below $400 rent, then the median is the millionth home

above $400. Finally, if the next interval printed in the

book (from $400 to $449), has 3 million homes, the

median is assumed to be one-third of the way through the

interval (at $417).

This technique overestimates medians by a few percent, because most homes cluster at the bottom of their

intervals. The clustering happens because landlords ask

for rent in round numbers, like $400, and people give

answers in round numbers, like $20,000 income, or 40

years old.

There is one special case in calculating medians: for

numbers of people or rooms, we assume an interval like 3

means 2.50 to 3.49, so one-third of the way through is

2.83. This method is used rather than just saying that the

median is 3, to give a more detailed picture of the distribution.

We do not show the median at all if the distribution is

estimated to have fewer than 25 sample cases (50,000

homes in the national books).

Microdata. Not applicable; no medians are shown in the

public use file.

Median monthly housing costs for owners.

Books. In addition to the median given in the item

‘‘Monthly housing costs,’’ this item gives two additional

medians for owner-occupied units. The first median

includes maintenance costs in addition to those items

included in ‘‘Monthly housing costs.’’ The second median

excludes second and subsequent mortgages, installment

loans or contracts, and maintenance costs, but includes all

remaining items listed in ‘‘Monthly housing costs.’’ Neither

APPENDIX A A-11

U.S. Census Bureau
of these medians include costs for renter-occupied units,

so they are not comparable to the median presented in

‘‘Monthly housing costs,’’ except in the ‘‘Owners column’’

and the ‘‘Owners’’ chapter.

Microdata. Not applicable.

Metropolitan areas. Metropolitan areas are made up of

whole counties (towns in New England) that have significant levels of commuting and contiguous urban areas in

common. They may cross state lines, and usually include

large amounts of rural land and farm land, provided the

county or town as a whole qualifies. See also Central cities; Places; and Urban, which is based on much higher

population density than metropolitan areas.

National books and microdata. Since 1985 the National

AHS has used the official list of metropolitan areas published on June 27, 1983, by the Office of Management and

Budget as OMB Bulletin 83-20. That list was developed

from definitions published January 3, 1980, in the Federal

Register, Volume 45, pages 956-963. AHS still uses these

1983 boundaries in order to measure change consistently

over time.

National microdata identify parts of many metropolitan

areas. The sample size is usually too small for analysis,

but researchers may group the areas, for example, by

growth rate, turnover rate, and size, and have enough

cases in each group to analyze. For six broad areas, containing a total of 18 metropolitan area codes (shown in

Codebook for the American Housing Survey, Volume 2 or

3), the sample sizes have been augmented to permit

analysis: Chicago, Detroit, Los Angeles, New York, Northern New Jersey, and Philadelphia. Elsewhere, metropolitan

area codes are shown on (a) central cities of a metropolitan area where they had total 1980 population of 100,000

or more, and (b) urbanized suburbs of a metropolitan area

where they had total 1980 population of 100,000 or more.

In some areas, only central cities or only suburbs met the

cutoff, so only that part of the sample cases show metropolitan codes. Other sample cases show 9999 as their

metropolitan code. This suppression for confidentiality

does not affect the printed books.

Metropolitan books and microdata. Since 1995 the metropolitan AHS has used HUD definitions of metropolitan

areas. These are based on the definitions of the Office of

Management and Budget, but some outlying areas are

omitted from the HUD definitions. Those counties have

enough commuting to meet the OMB definition, but HUD

believes they are not part of the same housing market as

the rest of the area and need to be omitted for housing

analysis. The areas for a given year included in and

excluded from each metropolitan area are listed in the

front of the books for that year.

Mobile homes. A mobile home is defined as a housing

unit that was originally constructed to be towed on its

own chassis. It also may have permanent rooms attached

at its present site, or other structural modifications. The

term does not include prefabricated buildings, modular

homes, travel campers, boats, or self-propelled vehicles

like motor homes. Some people use the terms trailer or

manufactured housing in the same sense as mobile

homes.

Mobile homes in group. Mobile homes or mobile home

sites gathered close together are considered to be in a

‘‘group.’’ This may be a mobile home park or it may be a

number grouped together on adjacent individually owned

lots but not in a mobile home park. See also ‘‘Site placement.’’

Monthly costs for electricity and gas. Three separate

procedures are used to estimate monthly costs of electricity and gas. All respondents are asked if they have records

available showing their costs for electricity (or gas) separate from other utilities. If they respond ‘‘yes,’’ they are

asked the amount of their electric (or gas) bill for the most

recent months of January, April, August, and December.

These months are the best predictors of annual costs. On

average, more than one-third of respondents provide

answers for at least 1 of the 4 months.

If the respondent provides data for only 1 month, the

first procedure is used. The data for the month are

adjusted using regression formulas to estimate yearly

costs that are then divided by 12. These formulas are

modeled after the results of the Residential Energy Consumption Survey (RECS) sponsored by the United States

Department of Energy. These formulas take into account

the following characteristics of the unit: electric water

heating, natural gas water heating, year built, type of unit,

number of rooms, number of bathrooms, number of appliances, and number of household members.

If the respondent provides data for 2, 3, or 4 months,

the second procedure is used. As with the first procedure,

the monthly data are adjusted using regression formulas,

modeled after the results of RECS, to estimate yearly costs

which are then divided by 12. Because more than 1

month’s worth of real costs are available, it is not necessary to take into account detailed characteristics of the

unit as is done in procedure one.

If the respondent answers ‘‘no,’’ that he or she does not

have separate records for the electricity (or gas), the third

procedure is used. The respondent is asked to provide an

estimate of the average monthly costs. A factor is then

applied that, in effect, lowers these costs to make them

consistent with electricity and gas costs in RECS.

A full explanation of the formulas is in Appendix E of

Codebook for the American Housing Survey, Volume 3.

Monthly expenses, additional help with.

Metropolitan books. Not applicable.

Metropolitan microdata. Additional questions are asked of

renters when the ratio of monthly housing costs as percent of current income is high. Rental households receiving housing assistance that report spending more than 35

A-12 APPENDIX A

U.S. Census Bureau
percent of their income on housing, or rental households

not receiving housing assistance with incomes less than

$15,000 that report spending more than 50 percent of

their income on housing were asked questions on assistance for food, clothing, car payments, tolls, public transportation, child care, medical care or medicine, and utility

bills. They were asked to specify the type of help they

received.

Monthly housing costs. The data are presented for

owner-occupied and renter-occupied housing units as well

as vacant-for-rent units.

Monthly housing costs for owner-occupied units include

the sum of monthly payments for all mortgages or installment loans or contracts, except reverse annuity mortgages and home equity lines of credit. Costs also include

real estate taxes (including taxes on mobile homes, and

mobile home sites if the site is owned), property insurance, homeowner association fees, cooperative or condominium fees, mobile home park fees, land rent, utilities.

Costs do not include maintenance and repairs, but see

‘‘Median monthly housing costs for owners.’’

Renter occupied− For renter-occupied housing units,

monthly housing costs include the contract rent, utilities,

property insurance, mobile home park fee. Renter housing

units occupied without payment of cash rent are shown

separately as no cash rent. For rental units subsidized by a

housing authority, the federal government, or state or

local governments, the monthly rental costs reflect only

the portion paid by the household and not the portion

subsidized. The figures do not adjust for lost security

deposits, or the benefit of free rent offered by some owners.

Vacant for rent−Monthly housing costs for vacant-forrent housing units include rent asked, but not utilities or

other charges. The category, ‘‘Depends on income of the

occupants,’’ means the rent charged will vary depending

on the occupants income, such as in public housing or

some military housing.

The term utilities here includes electricity, gas, fuels

(oil, coal, kerosene, wood, etc.), water, sewage disposal,

garbage and trash collection, but not telephones or cable

television. Utility costs are counted if they are paid by the

occupant or by someone else, such as a relative, welfare

agency, or friend. They may be paid separately or included

in rent, condominium fee, mobile home park fee, etc., and

the AHS questions take care to avoid double-counting.

Specified owners and renters−In the books, Table 19 of

each chapter presents financial characteristics for these

groups, which are comparable to the costs published

before 1984. Medians for monthly housing costs are

rounded to the nearest dollar.

Monthly housing costs as percent of current

income.

Books. The yearly housing costs (monthly housing costs

multiplied by 12) are expressed as a percentage of the

total Current income (see definition). The percentage was

computed separately for each unit and rounded to the

nearest percent, so ‘‘25 to 29 percent’’ means 24.5 to

29.49 percent. The percentage was not computed for

units where occupants reported no income, a net loss, or

no cash rent. The category ‘‘100 percent or more’’ counts

units with housing costs exceeding income. This situation

may mean inaccurate income or housing costs data, or

true but temporary situations. For most purposes, readers

may wish to treat this line as missing or unreliable data.

Microdata. Not applicable; may be calculated as needed.

Monthly payment for principal and interest. The data

present the monthly dollar amount paid on the mortgage

for principal and interest only. They do not include that

portion of the monthly payment used for property taxes,

homeowner insurance, and/or other charges. In the

books, medians for monthly payment for principal and for

interest are rounded to the nearest dollar.

Mortgage origination. Data are shown for owneroccupied units with one or more mortgages. For units with

new mortgages, data are classified by the date the new

mortgage was obtained in relation to the date the property

was acquired. An assumed mortgage indicates that the

current owner assumed the previous owner’s when the

property was acquired and has not been refinanced. A

wrap-around mortgage is a mortgage with a face value

that encompasses the unpaid balance of the first mortgage(s), plus the amount of any new funds extended by

the wrap-around lender. ‘‘Combination of the above’’

means that there was more than one method of origination for the outstanding mortgages on the property.

Mortgages currently on property.

Books. The owner or the owner’s spouse was asked the

number of mortgages or similar loans (including home

equity loans) currently in effect on the home. Data are

shown for the number of units with the following mortgage categories: reverse mortgages, regular and home

equity, regular only, and home equity only.

A mortgage or similar debt refers to all forms of debt

for which the property is pledged as security for payment

of the debt. It includes such debt instruments as deeds of

trust, trust deeds, mortgage bonds, and vendors’ liens. In

trust arrangements usually a third party, known as the

trustee, holds the title to the property until the debt is

paid. In vendors’ lien arrangements, the title is kept by the

buyer but the seller (vendor) reserves, in the deed to the

buyer, a lien on the property to secure payment of the balance of the purchase price. Also included as a mortgage

or similar debt are contracts to purchase, land contracts,

and lease-purchase agreements where the title to the

property remains with the seller until the agreed upon

payments have been made by the buyer.

APPENDIX A A-13

U.S. Census Bureau
See also ‘‘Current interest rate,’’ ‘‘Items included in primary mortgage payment,’’ ‘‘Lenders of primary and secondary mortgage,’’ ‘‘Lower cost state and local mortgages,’’ ‘‘Major source of downpayment,’’ ‘‘Monthly

payment for principal and interest,’’ ‘‘Primary mortgage,’’

‘‘Remaining years mortgaged,’’ ‘‘Term of primary mortgage

at origination or assumption,’’ ‘‘Total outstanding principal

amount,’’ ‘‘Type of primary mortgage,’’ ‘‘Year primary mortgage originated.’’

Microdata. Not applicable. May be recoded as needed.

Moves. See ‘‘Choice of present home and home search,’’

‘‘Household moves and formation,’’ ‘‘Location of previous

unit,’’ ‘‘Persons—previous residence,’’ ‘‘Present and previous units,’’ ‘‘Reasons for leaving previous unit,’’ ‘‘Recent

movers comparison to previous home,’’ ‘‘Structure type of

previous residence,’’ ‘‘Tenure of previous unit,’’ ‘‘Year

householder moved into unit.’’

Neighborhood conditions and neighborhood services. The statistics are based on the respondent’s opinion. He or she may define the neighborhood as any size.

Some topics are collected by an open-ended question on

what, if anything, bothers the respondent about the neighborhood. Others come from questions about specific topics. The first three, and schools, have follow-up questions

about whether the problem bothers the respondent so

much he or she would like to move.

Street noise or heavy street traffic. Street noise refers to

noise made by children playing outdoors, noise from a

factory or business, or any other sounds that the respondent considers to be street noise. Traffic refers to the

amount of vehicular traffic that the respondent considers

‘‘heavy.’’

Neighborhood crime. This category refers to all forms of

street and neighborhood crime, such as petty theft,

assaults against the person, burglary, or any related activities that the respondent judges to be a crime.

Odors. This category refers to smoke, gas, or bad smells.

Those three specific questions are followed by an openended question about what (else) bothers the respondent.

The category ‘‘People’’ includes such complaints as

unfriendly neighbors, noisy children, other races, or specific neighbors.

Public transportation. The respondent answers (1) if service is available; (2) if service is satisfactory; and (3) if any

member of the household uses the service at least once a

week.

Shopping. The respondent answers whether grocery stores

or drug stores were satisfactory and were within 1 mile of

the housing unit.

Police protection. The respondent was asked if police protection was satisfactory.

Elementary schools. The respondent was asked (1) if

young children in the household attended public school,

private school, preschool, or were schooled at home; (2) if

the public elementary school was satisfactory; (3) if it was

so unsatisfactory the respondent wants to move; and (4) if

the public elementary school was within 1 mile of the

housing unit. See also Educational attainment.

See also ‘‘Bars on windows of buildings,’’ ‘‘Conditions of

streets,’’ ‘‘Description of area within 300 feet,’’ ‘‘Other

buildings vandalized or within interior exposed,’’ ‘‘Overall

opinion of neighborhood,’’ ‘‘Trash, litter, or junk on streets

or any properties.’’

Noninterview.

Books. Not applicable.

Microdata. Noninterview cases are classified as Type A,

Type B, or Type C.

Type A noninterviews are units occupied by people eligible for interview who were not interviewed. A noninterview means that valuable information was lost and the

sample returns may not be representative of the population. It is very important to keep noninterviews to a minimum. Type A noninterview categories include (1) no one

home; (2) temporarily absent; (3) refused; (4) unable to

locate; (5) language problems; and (6) other occupied -

specify.

Type B noninterviews are units not eligible for interview

at present, but who could become eligible for interviews

in the future. Type B noninterview categories include (1)

permit granted, construction not started; (2) under construction, not ready; (3) permanent or temporary business

or commercial storage; (4) unoccupied site for mobile

home or tent; (5) other unit or converted to institutional

unit; (6) occupancy prohibited; (7) interior exposed to the

elements; (8) Type B, not classified.

Type C noninterviews are units ineligible for sample,

either because they no longer exist or because of sample

reasons. Type C noninterview categories include: (1)

demolished or disaster loss; (2) house or mobile home

moved; (3) unit eliminated in structural conversion; (4)

merged, not in current sample; (5) permit abandoned; (6)

Type C not classified elsewhere; and (7) unit eliminated in

subsampling.

Number of single children under 18 years old. See

‘‘Household composition.’’

Occupied housing units. A housing unit is classified as

occupied if there is at least one person who lives in the

unit as a usual resident at the time of the interview, or if

the occupants are only temporarily absent, for example,

on vacation. However, if the unit is occupied entirely by

people with a usual residence elsewhere, the unit is classified as vacant. By definition, the count of occupied housing units is the same as the count of households.

A-14 APPENDIX A

U.S. Census Bureau
Other activities on property. Data presented exclude

rental units. Property consists of one or more tracts of

land that the respondent considers to be the same property, farm, ranch, estate. The tracts may be adjoining or

they may be separated by a road, creek, or other piece of

land. For a condominium, this item refers to the sample

unit only.

A medical or dental office is a doctor’s or dentist’s

office regularly visited by patients.

A commercial establishment may be located in the

same building as the sample unit, or it may be located

elsewhere on the property (grocery store, restaurant,

gasoline station, veterinary office, etc.). Those housing

units that have no recognizable alterations to the outside

of the house are not considered as having a commercial

establishment. A farm is not classified as a commercial

establishment.

Other buildings vandalized or with interior

exposed. The respondent was asked if there were any

vandalized or abandoned buildings within 300 feet of the

sample unit. A unit is counted as vandalized if it has most

of the visible windows broken, doors pulled off, has been

badly burned, has words or symbols printed on it, has portions of the roof missing, or in some other way has the

interior exposed to weather.

Other housing costs per month. A homeowners’ association fee (excludes condominium and cooperative fees)

is a fee charged for services such as upkeep of common

property (painting hallways, cleaning lobbies, mowing

lawns, repairing laundry facilities, paving parking areas,

repairing street lights, etc.). The fee may include the use

and maintenance of either indoor or outdoor swimming

facilities or other recreational facilities (party rooms, tennis courts, basketball courts, exercise rooms, playground

areas, etc.). Also the homeowner’s association fee can

include payments for security personnel such as security

guards or services such as telephone answering service,

maid service, or other domestic help.

Mobile home park fees are regular payments to the

park management that could include site rental, utility

charges, mail handling, and/or fees for the maintenance of

common areas.

Aside from mobile homes (where site rent is covered

above in mobile home park fees), in a few areas of the

country, occupants may own the unit, but not the land on

which it stands. Land rent refers to land that is rented or

leased from the land owner, and ‘‘ground rent’’ is paid.

These leases are for long periods of time (50-100 years)

when originated. The lease obligation transfers with the

property and cannot be canceled.

The medians for other housing costs are rounded to the

nearest dollar.

Outside (P)MSAs. See Metropolitan areas.

Overall opinion of neighborhood. The data presented

are based on the respondent’s overall opinion of the

neighborhood. The respondent defines neighborhood. The

respondent was asked to rate the neighborhood based on

a scale from 1 to 10, where 10 is the best and 1 is the

worst.

Overall opinion of structure. The data presented are

based on the respondent’s overall opinion of the house or

apartment as a place to live. The respondent was asked to

rate the structure based on a scale from 1 to 10, where 10

is the best and 1 is the worst.

Owner or manager on property. These statistics show

the number of rental housing units in structures of two or

more units with the owner or resident manager living on

the property.

Own never-married children under 18 years old. See

‘‘Household composition.’’

Painted surfaces.

National books. Not applicable.

National microdata. This item is restricted to housing

units built before 1978 (older homes.) Respondents were

asked 1) whether they had peeling paint, and 2) whether

the peeling paint was inside or outside the house. Respondents were asked whether any work was done, such as

sanding or scraping that would have disturbed painted

surfaces, and if they replaced or repaired doors or frames,

cabinets or built in shelves, inside walls or ceilings, windows (not counting glass) and outside walls, foundation,

doors, and window frames or trim.

Respondents also were asked if they were told before

moving in, that the paint might contain lead.

Parallel heating equipment. This is additional heating

equipment for an area not heated by the main heating

equipment.

Payment plans of primary and secondary mortgages. Data are presented separately for primary and secondary mortgages. The term ‘‘payment’’ refers to regular

principal and interest payments only, and not to payments

for real estate taxes, property insurance, etc. Fixed payment, self amortizing mortgages have payments that do

not change during the term of the loan, with the principal

payments sufficient to pay off the loan completely within

the stated term. Adjustable rate mortgages are mortgages

whose interest rates could be changed during the life of

the mortgage, changing the amount of the payments

required. In adjustable term mortgages the amount of the

payments stays constant, but the number of payments

required to pay off the loan can change over time as interest rates change. Graduated payment mortgages allow

monthly payments to change during the term of the mortgage by means other than a change in interest rate. These

mortgages begin with lower payments that rise later in the

APPENDIX A A-15

U.S. Census Bureau
life of the mortgage. Balloon mortgages are mortgages in

which only part or none of the principal is paid off during

the term of the loan (which commonly is about 5 years).

At the end of the term, the principal is paid off in one

lump sum, refinanced with a new loan, or extended by

renewal of the loan.

National books and microdata. Not applicable.

Persons. See ‘‘Household.’’

Persons other than spouse or children.

Books. Data are shown for households with the following

types of people:

Other relatives of householder. This category counts

households that include any person related to the householder by blood, marriage, or adoption, except spouse,

son, daughter, stepchild, or adopted child under 18 years

old (regardless of marital status).

Single adult offspring 18 to 29. This category counts

households with at least one member aged 18-29, if he or

she is not currently married (that is, they have never been

married or are divorced, separated or widowed), and is a

son, daughter, stepchild, or adopted child of the householder. Note this category has the same marital status categories as ‘‘Single children under 18 years old,’’ but the

same relationship to householder categories as ‘‘Own

never-married children.’’ These are defined under ‘‘Household Composition.’’

Single adult offspring 30 years of age or over. This category counts households with at least one member aged

30 or older, if he or she is not currently married (that is,

they have never been married or are divorced, separated

or widowed), and is a son, daughter, stepchild, or adopted

child of the householder.

Households with three generations. For each person whose

parent lives in the household, the parent (biological, adoptive, or stepparent) is identified in the questionnaire. Each

person who is a child or grandchild of the householder is

also identified. These codes let us count households

where the following live in the unit:

1. one or more sons, daughters, stepchildren or adopted

children of the householder or spouse (regardless of

marital status or age), and one or more parents of the

householder or spouse, or

2. one or more parents of the householder or spouse,

and one or more parents of these parents, or

3. one or more sons, daughters, stepchildren or adopted

children of the householder or spouse (regardless of

marital status or age), and one or more of these children’s children (grandchildren of the householder or

spouse, regardless of marital status or age).

Note that the definition of children is different from

those in ‘‘Single children under 18 years old,’’ and ‘‘Own

never-married children.’’ The first does not involve relationship to householder, and neither involve marital status

and age. Also note that if a household has more than three

generations it is still counted here, as long as it has at

least three. In addition to the three generations, there also

may be other relatives in the household.

Subfamily. A subfamily is one of the following groups that

do not include the householder or spouse, but are related

to the householder and live in the household (1) a married

couple (with or without children of any type), or (2) one

parent with one or more of his or her own never-married

children under 18 years old. A common example of a subfamily is a young married couple sharing the home of the

husband’s or wife’s parents.

Subfamily householder. For subfamilies that include a

couple, the husband is defined as the subfamily householder; for other subfamilies the parent is defined this

way.

Households with other types of relatives. This category

counts households with relatives of the householder, other

than the spouse, children, three generations, or subfamilies already counted. Therefore, it includes relatives such

as uncles, nieces, cousins, or grandchildren present without their parents, etc. A household already counted above

may be counted again, as long as it has some additional

relatives not counted above.

Nonrelatives. A nonrelative of the householder is any person in the household who is not related to the householder by blood, marriage, or adoption. Roomers, boarders, lodgers, partners, resident employees, wards and

foster children are included in this category.

Co-owners or co-renters. This category includes households where the names of two or more unrelated household members are on the deed of ownership, mortgage,

land contract, contract to purchase, or similar document,

or lease, or, if there is no lease, two or more unrelated

household members are responsible for paying the rent.

Lodgers. This category counts households with members

unrelated to the householder, who pay rent to another

household member, and who are aged 14 years and older,

and are not co-owners, co-renters, or son, daughter, stepchild or adopted child (regardless of age or marital status)

of a co-owner or co-renter. This item does not use the

‘‘lodger’’ answer on relationship to householder, since it is

less carefully defined than the question on lodgers’ rent.

See also ‘‘Household,’’ ‘‘Rent paid by lodgers.’’

Unrelated children under 18 years old. This category

counts households with members under 18 years old who

are unrelated to the householder and are not co-owners,

A-16 APPENDIX A

U.S. Census Bureau
co-renters, or lodgers, regardless of marital status. Thus it

includes foster children and children of lodgers and

employees as long as they are under 18.

Other nonrelatives. This category counts households with

nonrelatives of the householder who are not in the categories above, so they are not co-owners, co-renters, lodgers,

or under 18. For example, it includes employees and

housemates who do not pay a regular rent as lodgers. It

also may include households with nonrelatives counted in

the categories below.

One or more secondary families. A secondary family is a

group of two or more people who are related to each

other by birth (Parent/child, child less than 18 years old),

marriage, or adoption, but who are not related to the

householder. The unrelated secondary family may include

people such as guests, roomers, boarders, or resident

employees and their relatives living in a household.

Two- to eight-person households, none related to each

other. None of the household members is related to any

other household member. They may be co-owners,

co-renters, lodgers, partners, employees, foster children,

etc. The books make no distinction between housemates

and unmarried partners, because we do not want the

interviewers to probe into private relationships.

Microdata. Not applicable; may be calculated from household relationships.

See also ‘‘Household composition.’’

Persons per room.

Books. Persons per room is computed for each occupied

housing unit by dividing the number of people in the unit

by the number of rooms in the unit. The figures shown

refer, therefore, to the number of housing units having the

specified ratio of people per room.

Microdata. Not applicable; may be calculated from household size and rooms.

Persons—previous residence. All people are counted

who lived at the previous residence at the time of the

move, as well as those who usually lived there but were

temporarily away. Persons who were staying there at the

time of move, but who had a usual residence elsewhere,

were not counted. In the books, the previous residence of

the householder is covered in Table 10 of each chapter.

Physical problems. A unit has severe physical problems

if it has any of the following five problems:

Plumbing. Lacking hot or cold piped water or a flush toilet, or lacking both bathtub and shower, all inside the

structure (and for the exclusive use of the unit, unless

there are two or more full bathrooms).

Heating. Having been uncomfortably cold last winter for

24 hours or more because the heating equipment broke

down, and it broke down at least three times last winter

for at least 6 hours each time.

Electric. Having no electricity, or all of the following three

electric problems: exposed wiring, a room with no working wall outlet, and three blown fuses or tripped circuit

breakers in the last 90 days.

Hallways. Having all of the following four problems in

public areas: no working light fixtures, loose or missing

steps, loose or missing railings, and no working elevator.

Upkeep. Having any five of the following six maintenance

problems: (1) water leaks from the outside, such as from

the roof, basement, windows, or doors; (2) leaks from

inside structure such as pipes or plumbing fixtures; (3)

holes in the floors; (4) holes or open cracks in the walls or

ceilings; (5) more than 8 inches by 11 inches of peeling

paint or broken plaster; or (6) signs of rats in the last 90

days.

A unit has moderate physical problems if it has any of

the following five problems, but none of the severe problems:

Plumbing. On at least three occasions during the last 3

months, all the flush toilets were broken down at the

same time for 6 hours or more (see ‘‘Flush toilet and flush

toilet breakdowns’’).

Heating. Having unvented gas, oil, or kerosene heaters as

the primary heating equipment.

Kitchen. Lacking a kitchen sink, refrigerator, or cooking

equipment (stove, burners, or microwave oven) inside the

structure for the exclusive use of the unit.

Hallways. Having any three of the four problems listed

above.

Upkeep. Having any three or four of the six upkeep problems listed above.

See also ‘‘Bars on windows of buildings,’’ ’’Common

stairways,’’ ‘‘Equipment,’’ ‘‘External building conditions,’’

‘‘Flush toilet and flush toilet breakdowns,’’ ‘‘Heating equipment and heating equipment breakdowns,’’ ‘‘Overall opinion of structure,’’ ‘‘Primary source of water and water supply stoppage,’’ ‘‘Water leakage during last 12 months,’’

‘‘Selected deficiencies.’’

Places.

National books. Place size as shown in national reports

reflects the population of places as of the 1980 census.

Microdata and metropolitan books. Not applicable.

See also ‘‘Central cities’’ and ‘‘Urban and rural residence.’’

APPENDIX A A-17

U.S. Census Bureau
Plumbing facilities. The category ‘‘With all plumbing

facilities’’ consists of housing units that have hot and cold

piped water as well as a flush toilet and a bathtub or

shower. For units with less than two full bathrooms, the

facilities are only counted if they are for the exclusive use

of the occupants of the unit. Plumbing facilities need not

be in the same room. Lacking some plumbing facilities or

having no plumbing facilities for exclusive use means that

the housing unit does not have all three specified plumbing facilities (hot and cold piped water, flush toilet, and

bathtub or shower) inside the housing unit, or that the toilet or bathing facilities are also for the use of the occupants of other housing units.

See also ‘‘Complete bathrooms,’’ ‘‘Flush toilet and flush

toilet breakdowns,’’ ‘‘Sewage disposal and sewage disposal

breakdowns.’’

Population in housing units.

Books. Included are all people living in housing units. Persons living in group quarters are excluded.

Microdata. Not applicable; can be calculated by adding

weight times household size, for all occupied units.

Poverty status. The poverty data differ from official poverty estimates in two important respects. 1) Interest in

housing affordability made it appropriate for AHS to adopt

a poverty definition based on household income. The official method is based on the income of families, and of

individuals living without relatives. (Under the official

approach, the poverty status of two unrelated individuals

living together would be determined by comparing the

income of each individual to the one-person poverty

threshold. The result might be that both were in poverty,

both were out of poverty, or one was in poverty and one

was not. In the AHS books, their poverty status was determined by comparing their combined income to the twoperson poverty threshold.) The effect of using household

income is to count about 6 percent fewer people in poverty than the official estimate. See ‘‘Technical Paper X,

Effect of Using a Poverty Definition Based On Household

Income,’’ U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, 1976.

2) The official poverty estimates are based on the

March supplement to the Current Population Survey.

Income questions in that survey are very detailed, and

measure income received during the previous calendar

year. Income questions in the AHS are much less detailed,

and measure income received during the 12 months just

before the interview. Because interviews were conducted

over several months, the AHS income measures do not

pertain to a fixed period.

The poverty thresholds are based on the Department of

Agriculture’s 1961 Economy Food Plan and reflect different

consumption requirements by number of adults and children. They consider only money income (see Income), not

assets or benefits in kind, such as housing subsidies. The

poverty thresholds are updated every year to reflect

changes in the Consumer Price Index (CPI). The official

thresholds are below in Table B.

Other HUD Households. Note that in the official poverty

thresholds, elderly are expected to need less than nonelderly in the one- to two-person groups. Also note that an

all-adult household is expected to need less than the same

size household where one member is a child, but if additional members are children, costs go down again.

These official poverty thresholds are different from the

poverty guidelines published for program purposes by the

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) on

March 10, 1997, Federal Register, Volume 62, page

10,857. (Guidelines are 15 percent higher in Hawaii, and

25 percent higher in Alaska than shown below.)

HUD ‘‘very low income limits’’ (the L50 series) for fourperson households are 50 percent of median family

income for families in each metropolitan area or nonmetropolitan county. The HUD income limits vary among

areas, and the average national HUD income limits in 1997

are shown (local details are at www.huduser.org/data/

factors.html).

The HUD adjustments for household size in the L50

series are very roughly based on national average differences in housing cost. The HUD limits have smaller adjustments than the official and HHS poverty thresholds, which

are based on food cost. Housing cost does not vary as

much as food does between small and large households.

Academic research suggests even the HUD adjustments

may be too large; see van Praag, ‘‘The Relativity of the

Welfare Concept,’’ in Nussbaum and Sen, Quality of Life,

Oxford University Press, 1993, page 374, which suggests

6 percent adjustments per person instead of HUD’s 10 percent and 8 percent adjustments.

Microdata. Not applicable; may be calculated by comparing current or past income to the thresholds.

Present and previous units. The present unit is the one

occupied by the householder or respondent at the time of

the interview. The previous unit is the one from which the

householder or respondent moved. If the householder or

respondent moved more than once during the 12 months

prior to the date of the interview, the previous unit is the

one from which they last moved.

Previous home owned or rented by someone who

moved here.

Books. These data are shown for units where the householder moved within the United States during the past

year.

Microdata. Data are shown for units where anyone in the

present household moved within the United States during

the past year.

A-18 APPENDIX A

U.S. Census Bureau
Table B. Income Thresholds

Total persons

HUD

average

limits

(L50)

Oct. 1997

to Sept.

1998

HHS

guidelines

Mar. 1998

to Mar.

1999

Poverty thresholds, January 1998 to December 1998

Weighted

average

Number of children under 18 years

None 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 or more

1 person . . . ......... 15,860 8,050 8,316

65 years and over . 15,860 8,050 7,818 7,818

Under 65 years . . . . 15,860 8,050 8,480 8,480

2 persons . . ......... 18,120 10,850 10,634

Householder 65

years and over . . . 18,120 10,850 10,972 10,915 11,235

Householder under

65 years . . . ...... 18,120 10,850 9,862 9,853 11,193

3 persons . . ......... 20,390 13,650 13,003 12,750 13,120 13,133

4 persons . . ......... 22,650 16,450 16,660 16,813 17,088 16,530 16,588

5 persons . . ......... 24,462 19,250 19,680 20,275 20,570 19,940 19,453 19,155

6 persons . . ......... 26,274 22,050 22,228 23,320 23,413 22,930 22,468 21,780 21,373

7 persons . . ......... 28,086 24,850 25,257 26,833 27,000 26,423 26,020 25,270 24,395 23,435

8 persons . . ......... 29,898 27,650 28,166 30,010 30,275 29,730 29,253 28,575 27,715 26,820 26,593

9 or more1 .......... 31,710 30,450 33,339 36,100 36,275 35,793 35,388 34,723 33,808 32,980 32,775 31,513

1

HUD and HHS limits continue rising with higher household sizes, at the same rate shown.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey.

Previous occupancy. The statistics presented are

restricted to housing units built in 1990 or later. ‘‘Previously occupied’’ indicates that some person or people not

now in the household occupied the housing unit prior to

the householder or other related household members’

occupancy. ‘‘Not previously occupied’’ indicates that either

the householder or some other current household member

was the first occupant of the housing unit.

Primary metropolitan statistical areas. See ‘‘Metropolitan areas.’’

Primary mortgage. Detailed information on mortgages

was collected in the AHS on the first three mortgages

reported, even if the unit had four or more mortgages. On

the basis of this information, one of the mortgages was

considered to be primary. The definition of the primary

mortgage may not agree with legal definitions of a ‘‘first

mortgage,’’ which would be paid first after a foreclosure.

If there is only one mortgage, it is primary. If two or

more mortgages exist, the following hierarchy was used

(1) Federal Housing Administration (FHA), Veterans Administration (VA), or Farmers Home Administration (FmHA)

mortgage; (2) assumed mortgage; (3) mortgage obtained

first; (4) largest initial amount borrowed.

Primary source of water and water supply stoppage. A public system or private company refers to any

source supplying running water to six or more housing

units. The water may be supplied by a city, county, water

district, or private water company, or it may be obtained

from a well that supplies six or more housing units. An

individual well that provides water for five or fewer housing units is further classified by whether it is drilled or

dug. Water sources such as springs, cisterns, streams,

lakes, or commercial bottled water are included in the

other category.

Water supply stoppage means that the housing unit was

completely without running water from its regular source.

Completely without running water means that the water

system servicing the unit supplied no water at all, that is,

no equipment or facility using running water (in kitchen

and bathroom sinks, shower, in bathtub, flush toilet, dishwasher, and other similar items) had water supplied to it,

or all were inoperable. The reason could vary from a stoppage because of a flood or storm, to a broken pipe, to a

shutdown of the water system, to a failure to pay the bill,

or other reasons.

Data on water supply stoppage are shown if they

occurred in the 3 months prior to the interview, or while

the household was living in the unit if less than 3 months,

and if the breakdown or failure lasted 6 consecutive hours

or more. Housing units with water supply stoppage also

are classified according to the number of times the stoppages occurred.

Principal. See ‘‘Total outstanding principal amount.’’

Problems. See ‘‘Neighborhood conditions and neighborhood services,’’ ‘‘Physical problems,’’ ‘‘Poverty status.’’

Property insurance. This item refers to insurance on the

structure and/or its contents (such as furniture, appliances, clothing, etc.) and usually contains some liability

insurance. Renters usually do not have property insurance,

but its cost is counted if they do have it. The total cost is

the most recent yearly cost for which the occupants have

actually been billed. Yearly cost was divided by 12 before

calculating a monthly median cost. Medians for property

insurance are rounded to the nearest dollar.

Purchase price. The purchase price refers to the price of

the house or apartment and lot at the time the property

APPENDIX A A-19

U.S. Census Bureau
was purchased. Closing costs are excluded from the purchase price, and for mobile homes, the value of the land is

excluded. In the books, the median purchase price is

rounded to the nearest dollar.

Quality. See ‘‘Neighborhood conditions and neighborhood

services,’’ ‘‘Physical problems,’’ ‘‘Selected amenities,’’

‘‘Selected deficiencies.’’

Questionnaire. Computer Assisted Personal Interviewing

(CAPI) was introduced in 1997, eliminating paper questionnaires. See the discussion under the topic ‘‘Computer

assisted interviewing’’ in Appendix C. A copy of the questions used in the laptop can be obtained in Volume 3 of

the Codebook for the American Housing Survey. For copies, call HUD User at 800-245-2691 or the American Housing Survey at 301-457-3235.

Race. In the books, the classification of ‘‘race’’ refers to

the race of the householder occupying the housing unit.

The concept of race as used by the Census Bureau does

not denote a clear-cut scientific definition of biological

stock. Race was determined on the basis of a question

that asked for self-identification of a person’s race. For

respondents who refused to answer, the interviewer

decided on a race only for people she or he saw; others

are imputed by computer. For mixed-race answers,

respondents are asked for the race most closely identified

with, respondents are asked for the mother’s race, or the

first race mentioned is used, in that order of priority.

Hispanic is considered an ethnic origin rather than a

race and is tallied separately. Most Hispanics report themselves as White, but some report themselves as Blacks or

other categories. Figures are given for race and ethnicity

in Table 2-1.

Ratio of value to current income.

Books. The ratio of value to current income was computed

by dividing the value of the housing unit by the total current (family) income (see definition of current income).

The ratio was computed separately for each housing unit

and was rounded to the nearest tenth. For value and current income, the dollar amounts were used. Units occupied by individuals who reported no income or a net loss

compose the category ‘‘zero or negative income.’’ Medians

for the ratio of value to current income are rounded to the

nearest tenth.

Microdata. Not applicable; can be calculated from value

and income.

Real estate taxes. This item includes special assessments, school taxes, county taxes, and any other real

estate taxes. Excluded are payments on delinquent taxes

due from prior years. Rebates are subtracted from the

total. When the real estate taxes are included with the

mortgage, a separate amount for the taxes is obtained. To

determine average monthly cost, yearly cost was divided

by 12. In the books, medians for real estate taxes are

rounded to the nearest dollar.

Reasons for leaving previous unit. These data are

shown for units where the respondent moved during the

12 months before the interview. The distribution may not

add to the total, because the respondent was not limited

to one reason.

Private displacement includes situations in which a private company or person wanted to use the housing unit

for some other purpose (to develop the land or building

commercially, to occupy the unit, to convert the unit to a

condominium or cooperative, or to make repairs and renovate the unit).

Government displacement means the respondent was

forced to leave by the government (local, state, or federal),

because it wanted to use the land for other purposes (to

build a road or highway, for urban renewal or other public

activity, because the building was condemned, or some

other reason).

Disaster loss includes damage by a tornado, storm,

flood, earthquake, fire, landslide or other similar occurrences.

New job or job transfer indicates that the respondent

moved to begin a new job or was transferred from the previous location to the present location.

To be closer to work/school/other means that the

respondent moved because commuting was too far and

respondent wanted to live closer to work, school, or some

other commuting purpose.

Other, financial/employment related refers to financial

or employment related reasons, such as wanting to look

for a new or different job, because the person entered or

left the U.S. Armed Forces, retired, or some other

financial/employment reason.

To establish own household means that the respondent

left a previous residence (parent’s home, rooming or

boarding house, shared apartment, etc.) to establish own

household.

Needed larger house or apartment refers to moves that

were necessary because of crowding or for aesthetic reasons.

Married, widowed, divorced, or separated is marked if

the respondent moved because of marital reasons.

Other, family/personal related indicates that the

respondent moved because of family or personal reasons

such as wanting to live closer to relatives.

Wanted better home was marked if the respondent

moved because the previous residence was too old, rundown, in need of too many repairs, etc., or if there was

nothing wrong with the previous home, but the respondent simply wanted to move to a better one.

Change from owner to renter, or change from renter to

owner indicates a change in tenure.

A-20 APPENDIX A

U.S. Census Bureau
Wanted lower rent or less expensive maintenance indicates that the respondent moved because the rent (or

mortgage) payments were too high at the previous residence or that the taxes or upkeep were too high.

Other housing related reasons includes such reasons as

respondent wanted larger yard, different zoning, or

wanted a better investment.

Other includes examples such as respondent wanted a

change in climate, neighborhood crime problem, racial or

ethnic composition of neighborhood.

See also ‘‘Choice of present home and home search’’

and ‘‘Choice of present neighborhood and neighborhood

search.’’

Recent movers. Data for recent movers are shown for

two categories of movers (1) units where the householder

moved into the present unit during the 12 months prior to

the interview (shown as a column in most tables, and in

Table 10 of each chapter) and (2) units where the respondent moved into the present housing unit during the 12

months prior to the interview (Table 11 of each chapter).

In most cases, the two groups represent the same households.

Microdata also show moves of other household members.

Recent movers comparison to previous home. This

item is based on the respondent’s comparison between

the present unit and previous unit as to which was better.

Recent movers comparison to previous neighborhood. This item is based on the respondent’s comparison

between the present neighborhood and the previous

neighborhood as to which was better. The definition of

neighborhood is whatever the respondent considers it to

be.

Regions. States contained in each region are as follows:

Northeast. Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, Pennsylvania,

and New Jersey.

Midwest. Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Iowa, Missouri, Kansas, Nebraska, North Dakota,

and South Dakota.

South. Delaware, Maryland, District of Columbia, Virginia,

West Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia,

Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Tennessee, Kentucky, Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas.

West. Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona,

Utah, Idaho, Alaska, Washington, Oregon, Nevada, California, and Hawaii.

Remaining years mortgaged. The owner or owner’s

spouse was asked the length of time it would take to pay

off the loan at the current payments. The response reflects

the amortization schedule. For example, in many balloon

mortgages the initial monthly payments are calculated to

pay off the loan in 30 years, though the mortgage is due

in 5 years, and the 60th payment is very large. Such a

mortgage would count here as 30 years, not 5 years,

minus whatever number of years have passed. In the

books, medians for remaining years mortgaged are

rounded to the nearest year.

Rent paid by lodgers.

Books. This item refers to regular fixed rent, a set amount

of money, billed or charged, that is paid at regular intervals by a lodger (usually weekly or monthly) to a member

of the household. The data are restricted to lodgers who

are age 14 years and older, nonrelatives of the householder or any nonrelatives of co-owners or co-renters. In

the books, medians for rent paid by lodgers are rounded

to the nearest dollar.

Microdata. In addition to the above, rent paid by lodgers

also includes relatives age 21 and over who are not

co-owners or co-renters and who are not spouses of

co-owners or co-renters.

Rent reductions. Rent control means that increases in

rent are limited by state or local law. The jurisdiction, state

or local agency, mandates that rent increases may not

exceed some level, or must be approved by the government. This category does not include limits which HUD

puts on all rental projects insured by the Federal Housing

Administration.

A housing unit is classified as being in a public housing

project if the unit is owned by any local or state government agency, and operated as public housing. These organizations may receive subsidies from the federal or state

government, but the local agency owns the property.

A housing unit is classified as having a subsidy if the

household pays a lower rent because a federal, state, or

local government program pays part of the cost of construction, mortgage, or operating expenses. These programs include rental assistance programs where part of

the rent for low-income families is paid by HUD, and direct

loan programs of HUD and the Department of Agriculture

for reduced cost housing. Units requiring income verification are usually subsidized. Many households in these programs apply through the public housing authority, and

misreport themselves in public housing. Others do not

think of their units as subsidized, and misreport themselves as unsubsidized.

Subsidies for homeowners, including HUD subsidies for

cooperatives, are not counted, since the questions are

asked only of renters.

APPENDIX A A-21

U.S. Census Bureau
Replacements and additions.

Books. To be published later.

Microdata. The statistics refer to within 2 years prior to

the interview and are restricted to owner-occupied units.

The respondents were first asked if, in the last 2 years has

there been a major disaster, such as an earthquake, tornado, hurricane, landslide, fire, or flood that required

them to make extensive repairs to their home. Only if the

damage involved at least 2 rooms or a majority of the

home were replacements and additions counted as disaster required repairs.

Respondents were asked to name major repairs made

within the last 2 years. Also, they were asked if the repair

was a replacement or an addition, if someone in the

household did the work, and the cost of the repair.

The microdata file shows the total number of

replacements/ additions reported by all households, and

the total cost of these replacements/additions. Each

household could name as many as 74 jobs done in their

home.

Questions were asked about where the work was done,

if any rooms were created or attached, and if the bathroom or kitchen had been remodeled within the last 2

years.

Respondents also were asked if they added or replaced

their roof, siding, interior water pipes; electrical wiring,

fuse boxes or breaker switches; doors or windows; plumbing fixtures such as sinks or bath tubs; insulation; wall to

wall carpeting, flooring; paneling or ceiling tiles; air conditioning; built in heating equipment; septic tank; water

heater; dishwasher, garbage disposal; driveways or walkways; fencing or walls; patio, terrace or detached deck;

swimming pool, tennis court and other recreational structures; shed, detached garage or other buildings.

The microdata file also includes information about

whether the household got a low interest loan or grant to

pay for repairs and the amount spent in a typical year on

routine repairs and maintenance.

Reverse annuity mortgages. These were defined to the

respondent as ‘‘reverse annuity mortgage or home equity

conversion mortgage.’’ These mortgages involve borrowing against home equity for retirement or income and

sometimes do not need to be repaid until after the owner’s

death.

Rooms. The respondent was asked to report all rooms in

the housing unit. The interviewer then coded the

responses into different categories. Rooms counted

include whole rooms used for living purposes, such as

bedrooms, living rooms, dining rooms, kitchens, recreation rooms, permanently enclosed porches that are suitable for year-round use, lodgers’ rooms, and other finished

rooms. Also included are rooms used for offices by a person living in the unit. Median for rooms is rounded to the

nearest tenth (see Medians).

A dining room, to be counted, must be a separate

room. It must be separated from adjoining rooms by

built-in archways or walls that extend at least 6 inches

from an intersecting wall. Half walls or bookcases count if

built-in. Movable or collapsible partitions or partitions consisting solely of shelves or cabinets are not considered

built-in walls.

Bathrooms, laundry rooms, utility rooms, pantries, and

unfinished rooms are not counted as rooms.

Rooms used for business. A room used for business or

office space is a room set up for use as an office or business such as rooms for: a business owner, contract

worker, self-employed person, commercial use (such as

daycare, catering, etc.) or regular job. See also ‘‘Other

activities on property.’’

Routine maintenance in last year. Routine maintenance consists of regular maintenance activities necessary

for the preventive care of the structure, property and fixed

equipment items. Included are such things as painting,

papering, floor sanding, restoring of some shingles, fixing

water pipes, replacing parts of large equipment, such as

furnace, repairing fences, gutters, sidewalks, decks or

patios, removing dangerous trees, termite inspection.

Housecleaning is not included. Routine maintenance does

not include work reported under the section on repairs,

improvements, and alterations. Medians for routine maintenance are rounded to the nearest dollar.

Rural. See ‘‘Urban and rural residence.’’

Safety of primary source of water. Water was considered safe (consumable or potable) if the main water source

was used or could be used for drinking. The respondent

was not asked what source was used by the household for

drinking but whether or not the main water source was

safe for cooking and drinking. This item excludes units

where the primary source of household water was commercial bottled water.

Sample size. The sample size is the unweighted count of

the actual sample cases. See Appendix B in this report for

an explanation of sample design.

Savings. See ‘‘Amount of savings and investments.’’

Schools. See ‘‘Educational attainment’’ and ‘‘Neighborhood conditions and neighborhood services.’’

Seasonal units. See ‘‘Vacancy, seasonality, and marketing.’’

Selected amenities.

Porch, deck, balcony, or patio is counted if it is attached to

the sample unit, not just to the building or free standing.

Porches may be enclosed or open. The porch, deck, balcony, or patio is only counted if it is at least 4 feet by 4

feet.

A-22 APPENDIX A

U.S. Census Bureau
Usable fireplace. Excludes the following: fireplaces that

have been blocked off or whose chimney or flue has been

filled, decorative or artificial fireplaces and wood stoves,

even if shaped like a fireplace, like a Franklin stove. Freestanding fireplaces are included in this item.

Separate dining room. A separate dining room is an area

separated from adjoining rooms by archways or wall that

extend at least 6 inches from an intersecting wall. See

Rooms.

Living rooms, recreation rooms, etc. Includes family

rooms, dens, recreation rooms and/or libraries.

Garage or carport. The garage or carport is only counted

if it is on the same property, though not necessarily

attached to the house. Off-street parking includes driveway or parking lot privileges that are paid for as part of

the rent or owned with the unit. Data on garage or carport

are not collected for occasional-use vacant units and other

vacant units.

See also ‘‘Overall opinion of structure.’’

Selected deficiencies.

Signs of mice or rats. The statistics on signs of mice or

rats refer to respondents who reported seeing mice or rats

or signs of mice or rats inside the house or building during the 3 months prior to interview or while the household

was living in the unit if less than 3 months. Signs of mice

or rats include droppings, holes in the wall, or ripped or

torn food containers.

Holes in floors. Respondents were asked about holes in

the interior floors of the unit. The holes may or may not

go all the way through to a lower floor or to the exterior

of the unit. The holes are only counted if large enough for

someone to trip in.

Open cracks or holes (interior). Statistics are presented on

open cracks or holes in the interior wall or ceilings of the

housing unit. Included are cracks or holes that do not go

all the way through to the next room or to the exterior of

the housing unit. Hairline cracks or cracks that appear in

the walls or ceilings but are not large enough to insert the

edge of a dime, are not counted. Very small holes caused

by nails or other similar objects are also not counted.

Broken plaster or peeling paint (interior). The area of peeling paint or broken plaster must be on the inside walls or

ceilings and at least one area of broken plaster or peeling

paint must be larger than 8 inches by 11 inches.

Electric wiring. A housing unit is classified as having

exposed electric wiring if the unit has any wiring that is

not enclosed, either in the walls or in metal or plastic coverings. Excluded are appliance cords, extension cords,

chandelier cords, and telephone, antenna, or cable television wires.

Electric wall outlets. A housing unit is classified as having

rooms without electric wall outlets if there is not at least

one working electric wall outlet in each room of the unit.

A working electric wall outlet is one that is in operating

condition; that is, it can be used when needed. If a room

does not have an electric wall outlet, an extension cord

used in place of a wall outlet is not considered to be an

electric wall outlet.

Sewage disposal and sewage disposal breakdowns.

A public sewer is connected to a city, county, sanitary district, neighborhood, or subdivision sewer system, serving

six or more units. A septic tank or cesspool is an underground tank or pit used for disposal of sewage (serving

five or fewer units). A chemical toilet, which may be inside

or outside the unit, uses chemicals to break down or dissolve sewage. Housing units for which sewage is disposed

of in some other way are included in the Other category.

The data on breakdowns in the means of sewage disposal are limited to housing units in which the means of

sewage disposal was a public sewer, septic tank, or cesspool. Breakdowns refer to situations in which the system

was completely unusable. Examples include septic tank

being pumped because it no longer perked, tank collapsed, tank exploded, sewer main broken, sewer treatment plant not operating as a result of electrical failure or

water service interruption.

Data on breakdowns are shown if they occurred in the

3 months prior to the interview or while the household

was living in the unit if less than 3 months, and if the

breakdown lasted 6 consecutive hours or more. Housing

units with a breakdown in sewage disposal also are classified according to the number of breakdowns.

Sharing. See ‘‘Cost and ownership sharing’’ and ‘‘ Time

sharing.’’

Single children under 18 years old. See ‘‘Household

composition.’’

Site placement. This item is collected for mobile homes.

‘‘Site’’ refers to location (other than the manufacturer’s or

dealer’s lot) and not necessarily a mobile home park site.

The mobile home was not necessarily occupied at each

site, as long as it was set up for occupancy.

Source of drinking water. The statistics presented are

restricted to units where the respondents answered that

their primary source of drinking water was not safe to

drink. Units where the primary source of water was commercial bottled water were excluded. See ‘‘Primary source

of water.’’

Specified owner and renters. See ‘‘Monthly housing

costs.’’

Square feet per person.

Books. Square feet per person is computed for each singlefamily detached housing unit and mobile home by dividing the square footage of the unit by the number of

APPENDIX A A-23

U.S. Census Bureau
people in the unit. The figures shown refer to the number

of housing units having the specified square feet per person. Median square footage is rounded to the nearest foot.

Microdata. Not applicable.

Square footage of unit. Housing size is shown for

single family detached housing units and mobile homes.

Excluded from the calculation of square footage are unfinished attics, carports, attached garages, porches that are

not protected from weather (such as screened porches),

and mobile home hitches. Both finished and unfinished

basements are included. Median square footage is

rounded to the nearest foot. Square footage is based on

the respondent’s estimate of the size of the unit.

Stories between main and apartment entrances. Data

are presented for multiunit structures with two or more

floors and are concerned with the number of floors from

the main entrance level of the building to the main

entrance of the unit. ‘‘Same floor’’ indicates that the main

entrance of the sample unit is on the same level as the

main entrance that residents use to enter the building.

Stories in structure. The statistics are presented for all

housing units, except for mobile homes. Any basement is

included, whether finished or not. Finished attics also are

included; unfinished attics are not. For split levels and

bilevels, the number of stories is determined by the highest number of floors that are physically over each other.

Structure type of previous residence. These data are

shown for householders who moved within the United

States during the previous 12 months. They are based on

the respondent’s classification.

Subsidies. See ‘‘Rent reductions.’’

Suburbs. Suburbs are defined in the AHS as the portion

of each metropolitan area that is not in any central city.

See also ‘‘Central cities’’ and ‘‘Metropolitan areas.’’

Suitability for year-round use. See ‘‘Vacancy, seasonality, and marketing.’’

Supplemental heating equipment. Additional heating

equipment for a heated area of the housing unit.

Taxes. See ‘‘Annual taxes paid per $1,000 value’’ and

‘‘Real estate taxes.’’

Tenure. Any housing unit is owner occupied (including a

cooperative or condominium unit) if someone whose

name is on the deed, mortgage, contract to purchase, etc.

lives in the unit. Units where the elderly ‘‘buy’’ a unit to

live in for the remainder of their lives, after which it

reverts to the seller, are considered owner-occupied. All

other occupied housing units are classified as renter occupied units, including units rented for cash, if occupants or

others pay some rent, and/or occupied without payment

of cash rent, such as a life tenancy or a unit that comes

free with a job. Households who do not pay cash rent may

still pay utilities.

Tenure of previous unit. These data are shown for

householders who moved within the United States during

the past year. The previous unit was owner occupied if the

owner or co-owner lived in the unit. All other previous

units were renter occupied.

Term of primary mortgage at origination or

assumption. Term is the number of years from the date

the present owner-occupants first obtained the present

mortgage to the date the last payment is due according to

the terms of the contract. On a balloon mortgage this term

may be short, and the last payment very large. In the

books, medians for term of primary mortgage are rounded

to the nearest year.

Total outstanding principal amount.

Books. The statistics shown represent the total amount of

principal that would have to be paid off if the loans were

paid off in full on the date of interview. The formula used

to calculate the outstanding principal amount does not

take into account the fact that some households make

additional principal payments. The resulting data, therefore, may be an overestimate of the total outstanding principal. In the books, medians for outstanding principal

amount are rounded to the nearest dollar. The data include

all regular mortgages but exclude home equity loans.

Microdata. Not applicable.

Trash, litter, or junk on streets or any properties.

The respondent was asked if there was trash, litter, or junk

in the streets, roads, empty lots, or on any properties

within 300 feet of the building. Major accumulation

includes tires, appliances or large amounts of trash accumulated over a period of time. Minor accumulation

includes small amounts of paper, cans, or bottles, that do

not give the impression of long neglect. The property on

which the sample unit is located is included.

Trucks. See ‘‘Cars and trucks available.’’

Type of primary mortgage. The federal government

agencies that currently insure or guarantee mortgages or

similar debts include the Federal Housing Administration

(FHA), the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), and the

Farmers Home Administration (FmHA). Mortgage insurance is a promise to pay the lender’s losses in case the

borrower fails to keep up the required mortgage payments

and defaults on the loan. Such insurance protection is

offered by the Government, acting as an insurance agent,

and by private mortgage insurance companies. Mortgage

loans that are not insured or guaranteed by these government agencies are referred to as ‘‘conventional’’ mortgages. Conventional mortgages, including mortgages

insured or guaranteed by state or local governments, are

shown as ‘‘Other types.’’

A-24 APPENDIX A

U.S. Census Bureau
Units. See ‘‘Housing unit,’’ ‘‘Occupied housing units,’’

‘‘Vacancy, seasonality, and marketing.’’

Units in structure. In determining the number of housing units in a structure, all units, occupied and vacant,

were counted. The statistics are presented for the number

of housing units, not the number of residential structures.

A structure either has open space on all sides or is separated from other structures by dividing walls that extend

from ground to roof.

Structures containing only one housing unit are further

classified as: detached if it has open space on all four

sides, or attached if it has unbroken walls extending from

ground to roof that divide it from other adjoining structures, as in many rowhouses or townhouses. If a unit

shares a furnace or boiler with adjoining units, then the

walls are pierced by pipes or ducts, and all the units thus

joined are included in one structure.

Mobile homes are shown as a separate category (see

‘‘Mobile homes’’).

Urban and rural residence. As defined for the 1980

census, urban housing comprises all housing units (a) in

urbanized areas and (b) in places (see Places) of 2,500 or

more inhabitants outside urbanized areas, but excluding

housing units in the rural portions of extended cities.

Housing units not classified as urban are rural housing.

Urbanized areas. In the 1980 census, each urbanized area

comprised an incorporated place and adjacent densely

settled area (1.6 or more people per acre, or 1,000 or

more people per square mile) that together had at least

50,000 population. It also included some less dense adjacent land such as industrial parks and golf courses inside

city limits.

More information on urbanized areas and the historical

development of the urban-rural definition appears in the

1980 Census of Population reports, Characteristics of the

Population, Number of Inhabitants, PC80-1-A.

Utilities. See ‘‘Monthly costs for electricity and gas.’’

Vacancy, seasonality. A housing unit is vacant if no one

is living in it at the time of the interview, unless its occupants are only temporarily absent. In addition, housing

units where all the occupants have a usual residence elsewhere are grouped with vacant units.

Year-round housing units. This includes all units occupied

by people for whom it is their usual residence, regardless

of design, and all vacant units that are intended by the

owner for occupancy at all times of the year. For example,

if a unit in a resort area is intended for occupancy in all

seasons, it is a year-round unit.

For rent. Owners of some units offer them for rent. Other

owners solicit offers either for rent or for sale. When separate categories for these are not shown, they are both

included in for rent, as in the rental vacancy rate.

Rental vacancy rate. Among year-round units, the rental

vacancy rate is the number of units for rent as a percent of

the total of units for rent, plus renter-occupied, plus

rented.

For sale only. Units ‘‘for sale only’’ are offered for sale, and

the owner does not solicit renter-occupants, even though

the owner might eventually rent the unit.

Rented or sold. If any money rent has been paid or agreed

upon, but the new renter has not moved in as of the date

of the interview, or if the unit has recently been sold, but

the new owner has not yet moved in, the unit is classified

as rented or sold.

Occasional use. These are units held for weekend or other

occasional use throughout the year. Second homes may be

classified here or as seasonal.

URE. These are temporarily occupied by persons with

Usual Residence Elsewhere. If all people in a housing unit

usually live elsewhere, that unit is classified as vacant. For

example, a beach cottage occupied at the time of the

interview by a family that has a usual residence in the city

is included in the count of vacant units. Their home in the

city or the home of a comparable vacationing family also

can be in the AHS sample and would be reported as occupied since the occupants are only temporarily absent. URE

units also may be classified in any of the vacancy categories: seasonal or for sale.

Other vacant. This category includes units held for settlement of an estate, units held for occupancy by a caretaker

or janitor, and units held for personal reasons of the

owner.

Seasonal units are intended by the owner to be occupied

during only certain seasons of the year. They are not anyone’s usual residence. A seasonal unit may be used in

more than one season; for example, for both summer and

winter sports. Published counts of seasonal units also

include housing units held for occupancy by migratory

farm workers. While not currently intended for year-round

use, most seasonal units could be used year-round; see

the next item.

Suitability for year-round use. For vacant housing units

that are not intended by their current owners for yearround use (seasonal and migratory), the respondent was

asked whether the construction and heating of the housing unit made it suitable for the unit to be occupied on a

year-round basis. A housing unit is suitable for year-round

use if it is built as a permanent structure, properly

equipped, insulated, and heated as necessitated by the

climate.

Time sharing. This item is restricted to vacant housing

units, including units temporarily occupied by people who

have usual residences elsewhere. Time sharing is a form

APPENDIX A A-25

U.S. Census Bureau
Appendix B.

Sample Designs

METROPOLITAN SAMPLE DESIGN

Sample Areas

The 1998 American Housing Survey Metropolitan

Sample (AHS-MS) provides information on 15 metropolitan

areas interviewed as part of the American Housing Survey

(AHS), which was conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for

the Department of Housing and Urban Development.

These metropolitan areas are:

• Baltimore, MD

• Birmingham, AL

• Boston, MA-NH

• Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN

• Houston, TX

• Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN-WI

• Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News, VA-NC

• Oakland, CA

• Providence-Pawtucket-Warwick, RI-MA

• Rochester, NY

• Salt Lake City, UT

• San Francisco, CA

• San Jose, CA

• Tampa-St. Petersburg, FL

• Washington DC-MD-VA

Most of these metropolitan areas are consistent with

the 1993 Office of Management and Budget (OMB) definitions of the metropolitan statistical area (MSA), consolidated metropolitan statistical area (CMSA), or primary metropolitan statistical area (PMSA) with the following

exceptions:

• Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN does not include: Brown County,

OH; Gallatin, Grant, and Pendleton Counties, KY; and

Ohio County, IN, from the 1993 OMB definition for the

Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN PMSA.

• Providence-Pawtucket-Warwick, RI-MA does not include:

Little Compton town, and Tiverton town in Newport

County, RI; and Fall River City, Somerset town, Swansea

town, and Wesport town in Bristol County, MA, from the

1993 OMB definition for the Providence-Fall RiverWarwick, RI-MA MSA.

• Washington DC-MD-VA does not include Clark,

Culpeper, King George, and Warren Counties, VA; and

Berkeley and Jefferson Counties, WV, from the 1993

OMB definition for Washington, DC-MD-VA-WV PMSA.

Interview Schedules

The metropolitan areas selected for AHS-MS are scheduled to be interviewed on a rotating basis about once

every 6 years. The Census Bureau collected 1998 AHS-MS

data between March and November of 1998. Initially, the

sample in each metropolitan area was uniformly distributed throughout nine panels (panels 3 through 11).

Due to budget constraints, panels were dropped in the

following metropolitan areas in 1998:

• In Boston, all units in panels 5, 9, and 11

• In Houston, all units in panels 5, 7, 9, and 11

• In Salt Lake City, half of panel 11

The cases in the nine panels were assigned to four clusters to be sent out for interview. Cluster 1 was made up of

panels 3, 4, and 5; cluster 2 was made up of panels 6, 7,

8, and 9; cluster 3 and cluster 4 were made up of panels

10 and 11, respectively. Interviewing for cluster 1 began

around March 1, 1998; interviewing for cluster 2 began as

early as May 1, but no later than June 1; interviewing for

cluster 3 began as early as September 1, but no later than

October 1; and interviewing for cluster 4 started as early

as October 1, but no later than November 1. All interviewing was completed by November 16, 1998.

Sample Size

Table C summarizes the interviewactivity for each of

the metropolitan areas in this report series. The table provides the response rate, the number of eligible units (comprised of completed interviews and noninterviews), and

the number of units visited but ineligible for interview.

Sample Selection

The 1998 AHS-MS sample consists of the following

types of housing units:

• Housing units selected from the 1990 census

• Newconstruction in areas that issue building permits

• Housing units missed in the 1990 census

• Other housing units added since the 1990 census

APPENDIX B B-1

U.S. Census Bureau
Table C. Interview Activity for the 1998 American Housing Survey Metropolitan Areas

Metropolitan area Response rate1

(percent)

Eligible units

Ineligible units3 Total Interviewed Not interviewed2

1998 AHS-MS Total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 69,320 63,565 5,755 2,823

Baltimore, MD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 4,527 4,179 348 202

Birmingham, AL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 4,773 4,524 249 291

Boston, MA-NH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 4,377 3,816 561 149

Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 4,835 4,525 310 206

Houston, TX. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 4,525 4,230 295 289

Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN-WI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 4,611 4,191 420 183

Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News, VA-NC . . . . . . . . . 95 4,642 4,423 219 213

Oakland, CA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 4,620 4,125 495 130

Providence-Pawtucket-Warwick, RI-MA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 4,569 4,179 390 154

Rochester, NY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 4,594 4,204 390 161

Salt Lake City, UT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 4,707 4,541 166 169

San Francisco, CA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 4,642 4,110 532 159

San Jose, CA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 4,644 4,122 522 156

Tampa-St. Petersburg, FL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 4,581 4,059 522 223

Washington DC-MD-VA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 4,673 4,337 336 138

1

The response rate is computed by dividing the number of unweighted interviews by the total number of cases eligible for interview and multiplying

by 100. 2

Sample units were visited but occupants were not at home after repeated visits or were unavailable for other reasons.

3

Sample units were visited but did not provide information relevant to the housing inventory. This category includes sample units that were found

not to be in the sampling frame.

The Census Bureau initially grouped the housing units

enumerated in the 1990 Census of Population and Housing in the United States into census blocks and divided

these blocks into two frames: the unit/group quarters

frame and the area frame. Two criteria distinguished to

which frame a census block belonged: (1) the completeness of addresses in the block; and (2) whether the block

was in an area that issued building permits for new construction at the time of the 1990 census. Four situations

arose:

1. Most addresses within the census block were complete, and the block was located in an area that issued

permits for newconstruction. These blocks were

placed in the unit/group quarters frame.

2. Most addresses within the census block were complete, and the block was located in an area that did

not issue permits for newconstruction. These blocks

were placed in the area frame.

3. There were not enough complete addresses within the

census block, and the block was located in an area

that issued permits for newconstruction. These

blocks were placed in the area frame.

4. There were not enough complete addresses within the

census block, and the block was located in an area

that did not issue permits for newconstruction. These

blocks were also placed in the area frame.

The unit/group quarters frame was split into the unit

frame and the group quarters frame by removing all group

quarters and placing them in a separate frame. In addition,

to coordinate with another Census Bureau survey, a subset

of census blocks in the unit frame which contained sample

units selected by this other survey was moved to the area

frame.

All newconstruction housing units that were built after

the 1990 census in areas where construction of new

homes was monitored by building permits were placed

into a separate frame called the permit frame.

The Census Bureau selected a separate sample for each

metropolitan area. Sampling operations for all frames were

performed separately within a designated group of counties in each state. The size of the sample determined the

overall sampling rate used to select the sample. Prior to

the AHS-MS sample selection, other Census Bureau surveys sampled from each of the frames. Records selected

by other surveys were removed from each of the frames to

avoid having the same housing unit in sample for more

than one survey. The Census Bureau selected the sample

from the remaining records after adjusting the sampling

ratio to reflect the removal of the other surveys’ sample.

Table D presents the percentage of AHS-MS sample drawn

from each frame.

Unit frame. The Census Bureau stratified the 1990 census housing units by the central city and balance of the

metropolitan area, by the rent or value of the unit, and by

the number of rooms. A systematic sample of housing

units was then selected across these strata.

Group quarters frame. In the first stage, the Census

Bureau systematically sampled census blocks with a probability proportional to the group quarters measure of size.

For institutional group quarters, the measure of size is

always equal to one. For noninstitutional group quarters,

the measure of size is a function of the number of people

B-2 APPENDIX B

U.S. Census Bureau
Table D. Percentage of 1998 AHS-MS Sample by

Frame

1998 AHS metropolitan areas Unit

frame

Group

quarters

frame

Permit

frame

Area

frame

Baltimore, MD . ............ 84.8 0.6 10.2 4.5

Birmingham, AL............. 69.3 0.1 11.1 19.6

Boston, MA-NH ............. 90.2 0.1 5.3 4.5

Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN ........ 63.7 0.1 8.8 27.4

Houston, TX................ 76.8 0.2 11.0 12.0

Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN-WI . 79.9 0.4 13.5 6.2

Norfolk-Virginia BeachNewport News, VA-NC ..... 78.3 0.1 12.4 9.2

Oakland, CA . . ............. 88.2 0.5 7.5 3.8

Providence-PawtucketWarwick, RI-MA . .......... 89.3 0.0 6.3 4.5

Rochester, NY .............. 84.7 0.4 7.8 7.1

Salt Lake City, UT........... 80.9 0.2 17.1 1.8

San Francisco, CA .......... 91.0 1.6 3.8 3.6

San Jose, CA .............. 89.2 0.7 7.5 2.6

Tampa-St. Petersburg, FL.... 84.7 0.3 10.5 4.5

Washington, DC-MD-VA ..... 78.1 0.3 12.9 8.7

living in the group quarters. Based upon a block’s measure

of size, clusters expected to yield four housing units were

then sampled in the second stage. Field representatives

monitored these group quarters and sampled housing

units that came into existence after April 1, 1990.

Permit frame. The Census Bureau selected sample units

in the permit frame from a computerized list of newconstruction building permits issued in each metropolitan

area. Housing units authorized by these permits were

expected to be completed after April 1, 1990. In certain

permit areas and for certain structure sizes, permits

issued as early as January 1, 1989, were included. However, most permits included in sample were issued after

September 1, 1989. Prior to sample selection, the list of

permits was sorted by 1990 central city and balance of

the metropolitan area, permit office, and the date the permit was issued. Clusters of approximate size four were

selected and then were sampled down to one unit. Some

of the original clusters were larger than four. These were

sampled at 1 in 4.

Area frame. The Census Bureau sorted census blocks by

central city and balance and by the percentage of renteroccupied housing units in the block. Each block was

assigned a measure of size equivalent to total housing

units in the block divided by four. A systematic sample of

blocks was selected with a probability proportionate to

the block’s measure of size. Field representatives listed all

housing units in these area frame sample blocks. Based

upon a block’s measure of size, clusters of an expected

size of four housing units were then sampled from the

field representatives’ lists. These listings were also

matched back to the 1990 census to obtain census data

for the sample housing units. The sample drawn from the

field representatives’ listings for this frame includes housing units enumerated in the 1990 census, as well as housing units missed during the census or built since the 1990

census in blocks that did not monitor newconstruction by

issuing building permits. In blocks that did issue building

permits, nonmobile home housing units built since the

1990 census were screened out.

To reduce field listing costs, a subset of the blocks from

the unit frame (that was moved to the area frame to coordinate with another survey) were matched to the census

and the 1990 census list of housing units in this subset of

blocks was created. These housing units were sorted by

address within census block and a systematic sample of

housing units (yielding approximately four units per

block) was then selected from this sample of blocks. New

construction since the 1990 census was captured in the

permit frame since newconstruction in these blocks was

covered by the building permit system.

1998 AHS-MS Telephone Interviewing

The previous approach for the AHS required a personal

visit for the first interview. To keep costs down for the

1998 AHS-MS, part of the sample used the previous

approach and the remainder used the telephone interview

when possible. Telephone numbers were obtained for

these cases by the matching of addresses to phone lists

provided by a vendor.

Estimation

The 1998 AHS-MS produced estimates of housing

inventory characteristics at the time of the interview(that

is, the 1998 housing inventory) based on the sample in

the metropolitan areas.

The sample housing units were weighted according to a

multiple-stage ratio estimation procedure. Before implementing the ratio estimation procedure, the basic weight

(that is, the inverse of the probability of selection) for each

interviewed sample housing unit was adjusted to account

for Type A noninterviews.

Type A noninterview adjustment. Type A noninterviews are:

• Sample units for which occupants were not home

• Sample units for which occupants refused to be interviewed

• Sample units for which occupants were unavailable for

some other reason

• Vacant sample units for which data were not collected

The calculations for this adjustment included occupied

and vacant units. The Census Bureau computed the Type A

noninterviewadjustment separately for the following:

1. All occupied housing units in the unit frame and housing units in the area unit frame with 1990 census data

available.

The adjustment for these units was calculated separately for owners in the central city, for owners in the

balance of the metropolitan area, for renters in the

APPENDIX B B-3

U.S. Census Bureau
central city, and for renters in the balance of the metropolitan area. Housing units were placed into cells

based upon the strata used in the unit frame sampling. All owner-occupied housing units were categorized into 76 cells by the number of rooms in the

housing unit and the value of the housing unit at the

time of the 1990 census. All renter-occupied housing

units were categorized into 51 cells by the number of

rooms in the housing unit and the rent paid for the

housing unit at the time of the 1990 census.

2. Occupied housing units in the area frame with no data

available from the 1990 census and housing units in

the group quarters frame.

Housing units were divided into two groups: housing units in the central city and housing units in the

balance of the metropolitan area. Within the balance,

housing units were placed in two categories based on

frame. Units were subdivided in the central city and

the balance depending upon the tenure status and

whether the housing unit was a mobile home or not.

3. All occupied housing units from the 1990-based permit frame.

Once again, the housing units were divided into

two groups by central city and the balance of the metropolitan area. Within central city and balance, the

housing units were further subdivided by tenure status at the time of the interview. Finally, the housing

units were split on whether or not they had been constructed within the 4 years preceeding this survey

yielding a total of eight cells.

4. All vacant/usual residence elsewhere housing units.

The housing units were divided into two groups by

central city and the balance of the metropolitan area.

Within a given cell, the Type A noninterviewadjustment factor was equal to the following ratio:

Weighted count Weighted count

of interviewed + of Type A noninterhousing units viewed housing units

Weighted count of interviewed housing units

Ratio estimation procedure for the unit frame. The

Census Bureau computed a unit frame ratio estimation factor for all housing units in the unit frame. This factor was

computed separately for all sample housing units within

each unit frame noninterviewcell mentioned previously.

This ratio estimation procedure was introduced to correct

the probabilities of selection for samples in each of the

strata used in the sample selection of the unit frame. Prior

to the AHS-MS sample selection within each metropolitan

area, housing units already selected for other Census

Bureau surveys were deleted from the unit frame. The

same probability of selection was then applied to the

remaining units to select the AHS-MS sample. Since the

number of housing units deleted from the AHS-MS unit

frame was not necessarily proportional among all strata,

some variation between strata in the actual probability of

selection was introduced during the sample selection process. The unit frame ratio estimation factor for each cell

was equivalent to:

1990 census count of housing units

from the unit frame in the corresponding cell

AHS-MS sample estimate of housing units in the

unit frame in 1990 in the corresponding cell

For each metropolitan area, the numerators of the factors were obtained from the 1990 Census of Population

and Housing.

The denominators of these factors come from weighted

estimates of all the AHS-MS housing units in existence at

the time of the 1990 census from the unit frame, using

the weights available at the time of calculation (that is, the

product of the basic weight and the Type A noninterview

adjustment factor). The computed unit frame ratio estimation factor is then multiplied by the existing weight for

each sample housing unit within the corresponding ratio

estimation cells.

Mobile home ratio estimation. To adjust for undercoverage of mobile homes, the Census Bureau applied the following ratio estimation procedure in all areas:

Independent estimate of mobile homes

for the corresponding geographic subdivision

of the metropolitan area

Sample estimate of mobile homes

for the corresponding geographic subdivision

of the metropolitan area

The numerator of this ratio was determined using data

from the 1980 and the 1990 censuses. Based on the

increase or decrease in the number of mobile homes

between 1980 and 1990, the Census Bureau estimated the

total number of mobile homes in the survey year 1998.

The denominator was obtained using the existing weight

of AHS-MS sample mobile home units (that is, the product

of the basic weight and the weighting factor).

Independent total housing unit ratio estimation. For

the ratio estimation procedure described below, each metropolitan area was subdivided into geographic areas consisting of individual counties or a combination of counties.

The ratio estimation procedure reduced the sampling

error for most statistics below what would have been

obtained by simply weighting the results of the sample by

the inverse of the probability of selection. Since the housing population of the sample differed somewhat by chance

from the metropolitan area as a whole, one can expect

B-4 APPENDIX B

U.S. Census Bureau
that the sample housing population, or different portions

of it, is brought into agreement with known good estimates of the metropolitan area housing population.

The Census Bureau applied the following ratio estimation procedure in all areas:

Independent estimate of the total housing inventory

(excluding mobile homes) for the corresponding

geographic subdivision of the metropolitan area

Sample estimate of the total housing inventory

(excluding mobile homes) for the corresponding

geographic subdivision of the metropolitan area

The numerator of this ratio was determined by making

adjustments to the 1990 census data to account for residential newconstruction as well as losses to the housing

inventory. These estimates were generated at the county

level and combined to form geographic subdivisions. For a

more detailed description of the determination of these

numbers, refer to a description of a similar process at the

state level in the Current Population Report, Series P-25,

no. 1123. The denominator was obtained using the existing weight of AHS-MS sample units, excluding mobile

homes (that is, the product of the basic weight and the

weighting factors).

The computed ratio estimation factors were then

applied to all appropriate housing units in the corresponding geographic area of each metropolitan area, and the

resulting product was used as the final weight for tabulation purposes.

NATIONAL SAMPLE DESIGN

Sample Size

The 1997 national data are from a sample of housing

units interviewed between August and November 1997.

The same basic sample of housing units is interviewed

every 2 years until a newsample is selected. The Census

Bureau updated the sample by adding newly constructed

housing units and units discovered through coverage

improvement efforts every enumeration. For the 1997

American Housing Survey-National (AHS-N), approximately

53,100 sample housing units were selected for interview.

About 2,200 of these units were found to be ineligible

because the unit no longer existed or because the units

did not meet the AHS-N definition of a housing unit.

Of the 50,900 eligible sample units, about 5,000 were

classified (both occupied and vacant housing units), as

Type A noninterviews because (a) no one was at home

after repeated visits, (b) the respondent refused to be

interviewed, or (c) the interviewer was unable to find the

unit. This classification produced a 90-percent overall

response rate.

Sample Selection

The Census Bureau has interviewed the current sample

of housing units since 1985. First, the United States was

divided into areas made up of counties or groups of counties and independent cities known as primary sampling

units (PSUs). A sample of these PSUs was selected. Then a

sample of housing units was selected within these PSUs.

Selection of sample areas. The sample for AHS is

spread over 394 PSUs. These PSUs cover 878 counties and

independent cities with coverage in all 50 states and the

District of Columbia.

If there were over 100,000 housing units in a PSU at the

time of selection, the PSU is known as a self-representing

PSU, because it was removed from the probability sampling operation. It was in sample with certainty. The

sample from the PSU represents only that PSU. There are

170 self-representing PSUs.

The Census Bureau grouped the remaining PSUs and

selected one PSU per group, proportional to the number of

housing units in the PSU, to represent all PSUs in the

group. These selected PSUs are referred to as nonselfrepresenting PSUs. The sample nonself-representing PSUs

for AHS are a subsample of the Current Population Survey’s (CPS) sample areas based on the 1980 census.

Selection of sample housing units. The AHS sample

consists of the following types of units in the sampled

PSUs:

• Housing units selected from the 1980 census

• Newconstruction in areas requiring building permits

• Housing units missed in the 1980 census

• Other housing units added since the 1980 census

Housing units selected from the 1980 census. The

Census Bureau picked a systematic sample so every unit

had a 1 in 2,148 chance of being included in the AHS.

In areas where addresses are complete (at least 96 percent of units having a house number and street name) and

permits are required for newconstruction, housing units

receiving 1980 census long-form questionnaires were

sorted by the following items:

• PSU

• Central city, urbanized area, urban outside urbanized

area, rural

• Owner, renter, vacant for rent, vacant for sale, other

types of vacants

• Number of rooms

• Value of home or gross rent

• Mobile home or not a mobile home

In areas where addresses are not complete or permits

are not required for newconstruction, land areas were

sorted using a formula incorporating the following items:

• PSU

• Central city, urbanized area, urban outside urbanized

area, rural

APPENDIX B B-5

U.S. Census Bureau
• Median value of home

• Number of children under 6 years old

• Number of elderly people

• Number of owner-occupied homes

• Number of mobile homes

• Number of homes lacking some plumbing

• Number of owner-occupied homes whose value is below

$45,000

• Number of renter-occupied homes with rent below $200

• Number of Black and Hispanic people

• Number of 1-room homes

New construction in areas requiring building permits. In areas that require building permits for newconstruction, the Census Bureau selected a sample of permits.

These permits do not cover mobile homes or conversion

of older buildings to residential use.

Housing units missed in the 1980 census. The Census Bureau conducted a special study that identified units

at addresses missed or inadequately defined in the 1980

census. A sample of these identified units was selected.

Housing units added since the 1980 census. If extra

units are added in buildings or mobile home parks where

AHS already has sample units, a sample of these extra

units was selected. To find when whole buildings are built

(in addition to building permits, mentioned above) or are

converted from nonresidential to residential use, the Census Bureau listed all residential buildings in a sample of

areas around the country, any additional buildings, and

selected a sample of their units.

Estimation

Each housing unit in the AHS sample represents itself

and over 2,000 other units. The exact number it represents is its ‘‘weight.’’ The weight was calculated in five

steps. The purpose of these steps is to minimize both

sampling errors and errors from incomplete data. The

result of the steps is also to force consistency with some

major categories of data in other Census Bureau surveys,

Therefore, figures on these categories do not actually

depend on the AHS sample, but on the other surveys.

1. Basic weight. The Census Bureau assigned each unit

a weight to reflect its probability of selection. With

rare exceptions, this weight is 2,148.

2. Noninterview adjustment. An adjustment was

made for refusals and occupied units where no one

was home. The calculations for this adjustment do not

include units the Census Bureau could not locate. The

earlier weight was multiplied by the following factor:

Interviewed units + Units not interviewed

Interviewed units

It is assumed the units missed are similar in some ways to

the units interviewed for AHS.

This adjustment is done separately for groups defined

by cross-classifying the following data items if prior year

data for the indicated items is available:

• Four census regions

• Central city, suburb, or nonmetropolitan

• Urban or rural

• Mobile home or not a mobile home

• Owner/for sale or renter/for rent

• Number of units in structure*

• Number of rooms*

• Occupied, vacant year round, or seasonal/migratory

vacant*

(*If known from a previous survey; otherwise, the Census

Bureau substituted whether or not units were drawn from

building permits for these items.)

For seasonal/migratory vacants and year-round vacants

other than those for rent or for sale, units were crossclassified only by census region and central

city/suburb/nonmetropolitan.

PSU adjustment. The Census Bureau adjusted for differences that existed in 1980 between the number of 1980

census housing units estimated from the AHS sample of

nonself-representing (NSR) PSUs and the 1980 census

counts outside the self-representing PSUs. The earlier

weight was multiplied by the following factor:

1980 census housing units in all areas that could

have been chosen as nonself-representing PSUs

1980 census housing units estimated from the

AHS sample of nonself-representing PSUs

This adjustment is done separately for groups defined

by cross-classifying:

• Owner, renter, or vacant (four census regions)

• Central city, suburb, or nonmetropolitan

• Urban or rural

• Hispanic or non-Hispanic householder (only in South

and West regions)

• Black or non-Black householder (only in South region)

New construction adjustment. The Census Bureau

adjusted for known deficiencies in sampling new construction by multiplying the earlier weight by the following factor:

Independent estimate

AHS sample estimate

This adjustment is done separately for groups defined

by cross-classifying:

• Four census regions

• Mobile home or not a mobile home

B-6 APPENDIX B

U.S. Census Bureau
• Number of units in structure

• Year built (pre-1980 and 5-year categories after 1980 as

shown in the publication)

Independent estimates are based on the Census

Bureau’s Survey of Construction and Survey of Mobile

Home Placements. Note that final AHS figures for the categories above are not really based on the AHS sample

findings, but on the independent sources.

Demographic adjustment. Comparability among the

surveys was ensured by multiplying the earlier weight by

the following factor:

Independent estimate

AHS sample estimate

This adjustment is done in two steps for occupied

units. First, the factors were computed and applied for the

Hispanic or non-Hispanic groups defined by crossclassifying:

• Four census regions

• Owner or renter

• Hispanic or non-Hispanic householder

• Husband-wife, other male householder, or other female

householder

• Age of householder

Next, the demographic adjustment is repeated with the

same cells, except classified by the Black or non-Black

groups, rather than the Hispanic or non-Hispanic groups.

Vacant for sale, vacant for rent, other year-round vacant

and seasonal/migratory vacant units were cross-classified

only by the four census regions and central city, suburb,

or nonmetropolitan.

The percentage of occupied and vacant units was based

on the AHS itself. The distribution within occupied and

vacant units is from the Census Bureau’s Current Population Survey for occupied units, and from the Housing

Vacancy Survey for vacant units. The grand total number

of all housing units in the United States is based on the

1990 census adjusted to account for newand lost units.

Note that final AHS figures for the categories above are

not really based on the AHS sample findings, but on the

independent sources.

Repetitions. The newconstruction and demographic

adjustments were repeated to help match both sets of

independent estimates simultaneously. These adjustments

were repeated until every cell’s factor is between 0.98 and

1.02 or the change in each factor from one repetition to

the next is fewer than 0.015.

Small cells. In each step of weighting, many items were

cross-classified; so some cells may have fewcases. When

a cell is too small (fewer than 30 cases for the noninterviewadjustment or fewer than 50 cases for the demographic adjustment) or the adjustment factor is too

extreme (greater than 1.5 for the noninterviewadjustment

or outside a range of 0.5 to 2.0 for the demographic

adjustment) the Census Bureau combined the cell with one

or more other cells that are similar in most respects. Cells

for the PSU adjustment or the newconstruction adjustment were not combined.

APPENDIX B B-7

U.S. Census Bureau
or ownership in which a single property is owned by multiple owners. Each is entitled to occupy the unit for a limited period of time. The number of years of ownership

may vary depending on the terms of the contract. Participants in time-sharing ownership usually, but not always,

receive a deed of ownership.

Duration of vacancy refers to the length of time (in

months) from the date the last occupants moved from the

housing unit to the date of the interview. The data, therefore, do not provide a direct measure of the total length of

time that units remain vacant. For newly constructed units

that have never been occupied, the duration of vacancy is

counted from the date construction was completed. For

recently converted or merged units, the time is reported

from the date that conversion or merger was completed.

Last used as a permanent residence. The statistics refer to

the length of time (in months) since units that are currently seasonal vacant were last used as a permanent residence, and is measured as of the date of interview. Units

that have always been used for short-term or seasonal

occupancy, are classified as Never occupied as permanent

home.

Comparability. There may be differences between the AHS

and other surveys that present vacancy rates. The differences may be attributed to such factors as differing interview periods, survey designs, survey techniques, and processing procedures, as well as differences in concepts and

definitions. In addition, there are sampling and nonsampling errors.

Value. Value is the respondent’s estimate of how much

the property (house and lot) would sell for if it were for

sale. Any nonresidential portions of the property, any

rental units, and land cost of mobile homes, are excluded

from the value. For vacant units, value represents the sale

price asked for the property at the time of the interview,

and may differ from the price at which the property is

sold. In the books, medians for value are rounded to the

nearest dollar.

See also ‘‘Ratio of value to current income.’’

Water. See ‘‘Plumbing facilities,’’ ‘‘Primary source of water

and water supply stoppage,’’ ‘‘Safety of primary source of

water,’’ ‘‘Source of drinking water.’’

Water leakage during last 12 months. Data on water

leakage are shown if the leakage occurred in the 12

months prior to the interview or while the household was

living in the unit if less than 12 months. Housing units

with water leakage are classified by whether the water

leaked in from inside or outside the building and by the

most common areas (roof, basement, walls, closed windows, or doors, etc.) or reasons (fixtures backed up or

overflowed, pipes leaked, etc.) of water leakage.

Work. See ‘‘Income’’ and ‘‘Journey to work.’’

Year householder moved into unit. The data are based

on the information reported for the householder and refer

to the year of latest move. Thus, if the householder moved

back into a housing unit previously occupied, the year of

the latest move was to be reported. If the householder

moved from one apartment to another in the same building, the year the householder moved into the present unit

was to be reported. The intent is to establish the year

present occupancy by the householder began. The year

the householder moves is not necessarily the same year

other members of the household move; although, in the

great majority of cases the entire household moved at the

same time. In the books, the median year householder

moved into unit is rounded to the nearest year.

Year primary mortgage originated. The year the primary mortgage was originated is the year the mortgage

was signed (see Primary mortgage). In the books, medians

for year primary mortgage originated are rounded to the

nearest year.

Year structure built. Year structure built represents the

respondent’s estimate of when the building was first constructed, not when it was remodeled, added to, or converted. The figures refer to the number of housing units in

structures built during the specified periods and in existence at the time of the interview. For mobile homes, the

manufacturer’s model year was assumed to be the year

built. In the books, median year built is rounded to the

nearest year.

Year unit acquired. The year the unit was acquired or

inherited refers to the year in which the present owner

acquired or inherited the house or apartment; for

example, the year the contract was signed. This date may

be different from the date when the occupants moved in.

If the land and building were bought at different times, the

year the building was acquired was recorded. If there was

a land contract only, the year the contract was signed was

recorded. In the books, median year acquired is rounded

to the nearest year.

A-26 APPENDIX A

U.S. Census Bureau
Appendix C.

Historical Changes

The American Housing Survey (AHS) began in 1973 as

the Annual Housing Survey. Since 1981, the U.S. Census

Bureau has conducted the national survey every oddnumbered year. In the 1984 metropolitan survey, it was

renamed the American Housing Survey. Other historical

changes in the survey are listed below by subject area.

The year refers to the year the change was made. In some

cases, multiple years are mentioned together. In these

cases, either corrections were made to the data in more

than 1 year or there are specific years for which data are

not comparable.

Only changes are noted in this appendix. For example,

‘‘Book titles’’ has no entries for 1975-77, since the same

titles were published for those years as in 1974.

Age of other residential buildings within 300 feet.

1987, 1989, and 1997. See the discussion in this appendix under the topic ‘‘Buildings and neighborhood.’’

Bars on windows of buildings.

1987, 1989, and 1997. See the discussion in this appendix under the topic ‘‘Buildings and neighborhood.’’

Book titles, national.

1973. Annual Housing Survey: 1973

Part A. General Housing Characteristics (compared central

city, suburban, and nonmetropolitan areas)

Part B. Indicators of Housing and Neighborhood

Part C. Financial Characteristics of the Housing Inventory

Part D. Housing Characteristics of Recent Movers

Supplement report number 1. Financial Characteristics by

Indicators of Housing and Neighborhood Quality

1974. Parts A, B, C, and D stayed the same.

A new Part E, Urban and Rural Housing Characteristics,

was added.

Supplement report number 1 was changed to Part F,

Financial Characteristics by Indicators of Housing and

Neighborhood Quality.

1978. Parts A, C, D, and E stayed the same.

Parts B and F from earlier years were combined into a new

Part B, Indicators of Housing and Neighborhood Quality by

Financial Characteristics. A new Part F, Energy-Related

Housing Characteristics was added.

1985. Parts A, B, C, D, E, and F were combined into one

report, American Housing Survey for the United States.

A new report was added, Supplement to the American

Housing Survey for the United States with data on family

types, neighborhood quality, commuting, and ownership

of additional residential units.

Book titles, metropolitan sample.

1974. Annual Housing Survey: 1974

Housing Characteristics for Selected Metropolitan

Areas (A separate book is published for each metropolitan area.)

Summary of Housing Characteristics for Selected

Metropolitan Areas (One book is published containing summary data for all areas.)

1984. American Housing Survey: 1984

American Housing Survey for the (name of area)

Metropolitan Area (A separate book is published for

each metropolitan area.)

Supplement to the American Housing Survey for

Selected Metropolitan Areas (One book is published

containing supplement data for all areas.)

Buildings and neighborhood.

1987. As a result of the use of both decentralized telephone interviewing and Computer-Assisted Telephone

Interviewing (CATI) in the 1987 AHS-National sample and

later, data for several observation items (where the interviewer rather than the respondent supplied the data) are

not comparable with those reported in the 1985 AHSNational sample. Data for the observation items for units

assigned to telephone interviewing were collected only if

the sample unit was located in a multiunit structure. Data

for the following items in 1987 and later national surveys

are restricted to units in multiunit structure: ‘‘Stories in

structure’’; ‘‘External building conditions’’; ‘‘Description of

area within 300 feet’’; ‘‘Age of other residential buildings

within 300 feet’’; ‘‘Other buildings vandalized or with interior exposed’’; ‘‘Bars on windows of buildings’’; ‘‘Condition

of streets’’; and ‘‘Trash, litter, or junk on streets or any

properties.’’ Data for these items were shown for all units

in the 1985 national survey, including single-family

homes.

The data for these items in the 1987 American Housing

Survey−Metropolitan Sample (AHS-MS) are incorrect

because of the inadvertent use of the American Housing

APPENDIX C C-1

U.S. Census Bureau
Survey−National (AHS-N) weighted sample cases for certain items where AHS-N cases should not have been used.

In many cases estimates of not-reported are too high and

other categories are too low. These items include: ‘‘Stories

in structure’’; ‘‘External building conditions’’; ‘‘Description

of area within 300 feet’’; ‘‘Age of other residential buildings within 300 feet’’; ‘‘Mobile homes in group’’; ‘‘Other

buildings vandalized or with interior exposed’’; ‘‘Bars on

windows of building’’; ‘‘Condition of streets’’; and ‘‘Trash,

litter, or junk on streets or any properties.’’

1989, 1991, and 1993. Because of the methods for

weighting the metropolitan samples in 1989, 1991, and

1993, the weighted totals in the metropolitan reports in

odd-numbered years for a few items are different from the

rest of the items. These are as follows: ‘‘Stories in structure’’; ‘‘External building conditions’’; ‘‘Description of area

within 300 feet’’; ‘‘Age of other residential buildings within

300 feet’’; ‘‘Mobile homes in group’’; ‘‘Other buildings vandalized or with interior exposed’’; ‘‘Bars on windows of

building’’; ‘‘Condition of streets’’; and ‘‘Trash, litter, or junk

on streets or any properties.’’ In odd-numbered years,

other items use a combined metropolitan/national

(national is conducted only in odd numbered years)

weighted sample; the above items only use a metropolitan

weighted sample. See Appendix B for a complete description of combined weighting.

1997. These items ceased being collected by interviewer

observation; they have become questions for the respondents. The intent of interviewer observations had been to

provide a source of data on housing conditions, independent of the respondents, because these items could be

directly observed by the interviewers. While neither

respondents nor interviewers are trained building inspectors, and they reported data on different subjects, the data

at least gave independent points of view by two people

for each housing unit. Furthermore the observations were

collected even at units where interviews could not be

obtained, so they could be used in research on the representativeness of AHS noninterview adjustments (which are

explained in Appendix B).

As noted above, observations became impossible for

many single-unit structures in 1987. Starting in 1997 staff

no longer visit many multiunit buildings either, so the

observation items have become questions. The survey

could continue to collect observations when visits are

done for some other purpose, but the results would be too

biased to be useful (high turnover units, subdivided units,

and units where the respondent requests a personal interview).

Codebooks. Documentation of codes on data files has

been published in various volumes. The most comprehensive is Codebook for the American Housing Survey, Volume

1, 466 pages plus 1 errata page. The codebook documents surveys from 1973-93, showing which items are

available in each survey, and when or if codes changed.

The codebook was published without a volume number,

but is currently referred to as Volume 1 to distinguish it

from two later volumes.

For surveys from 1994-96, codes remain the same as in

1993 (shown in Volume 1, as mentioned above), except a

few new and changed variables which are shown in Volume 2, 90 pages. This Volume 2 also shows final record

layouts for 1984-96.

Volume 3, 250 pages, shows variables and codes used

in 1997 (and later) along with actual question wording.

Some of the older surveys have additional documentation. Besides a Questionnaire Compendium (900 pages)

with 1973-81 questionnaires (please see the topic ‘‘Questionnaires’’), there is also a Questionnaire Directory (300

pages) with unweighted frequency distributions of each

variable in 1974-85, and an index to 1974-85 questionnaires (but no copies of the questionnaires). Each file from

1973-83 had a Technical Documentation volume, which

duplicates the Codebook, Volume 1 mentioned above, but

is less accurate. When errors are found, they are corrected

in Codebook, Volume 1 but not in Technical Documentation.

Computer assisted interviewing.

1987-91. Large-scale experiments in computer assisted

telephone interviewing (CATI) were conducted as part of

the 1987-91 AHS-National sample (CATI has not been used

in metropolitan surveys, though some of those interviews

were completed on paper by telephone from interviewer’s

homes). Preliminary analysis of the CATI experiments indicated that CATI has a significant effect on the data. The

experiments revealed that data for characteristics of

owner-occupied housing, urban housing, and housing with

moderate physical problems exhibited high numbers of

significant differences between CATI and non-CATI estimates. The moderate physical problems subgroup had the

highest incidence of significant differences. The analysis

also showed significant differences for total occupied,

suburban housing units, and moved in past year.

CATI estimates were generally lower than non-CATI for

units with water leakage, monthly housing costs as percent of current income, other heating fuel, and owners

with a mortgage. However, CATI produced higher estimates for utilities paid separately, income, and shared

ownership. Other characteristics that showed significant

differences between CATI and non-CATI estimates include

routine maintenance costs and heating equipment.

Little is known at this time about whether CATI or nonCATI produces better data. The Census Bureau believes,

however, the estimates of change in AHS-National sample

between 1985 and later years will be biased for many

characteristics as a result of introducing CATI. See also the

discussion in this appendix under the topics ‘‘Buildings

and neighborhood’’ and ‘‘Telephone interviewing.’’

C-2 APPENDIX C

U.S. Census Bureau
1995. CATI was conducted for returning national sample

households whenever possible to the extent that CATI

staff was able to handle the workload.

1997. The Census Bureau eliminated the paper questionnaire. All interviews were conducted by computer assisted

personal interviewing (CAPI) using laptop computers. The

survey questions, including the skip instructions (that is,

telling the interviewer which questions to ask next), were

programmed into the laptop. The field representatives

either phoned or made a personal visit to the respondent

to conduct the interview. The interview questions were

displayed on the computer screen one at a time. The skip

instructions were programmed into the laptop, thus eliminating the possibility that the field representative would

not follow the correct path and ask inappropriate questions (for example, asking about monthly rent at an

owner-occupied unit).

Caution is recommended when comparing prior years’

data with 1997 and beyond because of this change to a

laptop computer environment. For a number of reasons,

the change could give different responses. The laptop

incorporated a wide range of improvements that had been

identified during 2 years of research and testing. Skip patterns involved complex branching and calculations that

would not have been appropriate with a paper questionnaire. By using the laptop, field representatives found it

almost impossible to skip appropriate questions. Online

editing features reduced errors at the point of data collection. Feedback of telescoping (the reporting of events in

the current data collection that were and should have

been reported during an earlier time period) reduced the

number of incorrect answers. These changes should

improve the quality of the data.

For copies of the old paper questionnaire and the new

questions used in the laptop computer, see the topic

‘‘Questionnaire.’’

Condition of streets.

1987, 1989, and 1997. See the discussion in this appendix under the topic ‘‘Buildings and neighborhood.’’

Current interest rate.

1990 and 1993. In the 1993 national and 1990 metropolitan surveys, a programming error was discovered and

corrected involving the computation of the median for the

item ‘‘Current interest rate.’’ Use caution when making

comparisons with earlier surveys. The medians presented

in the earlier reports were calculated incorrectly. However,

the data distributions are correct and can be used to compute corrected medians.

Description of area within 300 feet.

1987, 1989, and 1997. See the discussion under the

topic ‘‘Buildings and Neighborhood.’’

1992. In the 1992 metropolitan surveys, two programming errors were discovered and corrected involving the

observation item ‘‘description of area within 300 feet.’’

The first error was that the stub line ‘‘Only single-family

detached’’ had been tallied incorrectly since the redesign

of the survey (1984). Therefore data from 1984-91 in the

metropolitan reports are not comparable with data for

1992 and beyond. The second error was that the stub line

‘‘Not observed or not reported’’ had been incorrectly tallied from 1986-91. Data for this stub line from 1986-91

are not comparable with data for 1992 and beyond.

Education.

1995. The question was revised to give less detail for

people with less than a high school education, and more

detail for people with college degrees and advanced vocational training, to be consistent with the decennial census

and other surveys.

External building conditions.

1987, 1989, and 1997. See the discussion in this appendix under the topic ‘‘Buildings and neighborhood.’’

Flush toilet breakdowns.

1998. There was an error in the computer program for

the laptop in 1997. As a result, data on flush toilet breakdowns were not collected. In 1998, the error was corrected and data were published.

Head of household/householder.

1980. Beginning in 1980, the concept ‘‘head of household’’ was dropped and replaced by ‘‘householder.’’ The

head of household was the person regarded as the head

by the respondent; however, if a married woman living

with her husband was reported as the head, her husband

was considered the head. The householder is the first

household member listed by the respondent who is 18

years old or over and is an owner or renter of the sample

unit.

Heating equipment.

1989. The heating equipment questions were revised to

improve the reporting of electric heat pumps as a heating

source. Previously, the questionnaire item dealing with the

type of heating equipment underreported electric heat

pumps. The respondents often answered yes to the first

option of ‘‘a central warm-air furnace with air vents or

ducts to the individual rooms’’ and did not proceed to the

option of ‘‘electric heat pump.’’ The questionnaire item

was revised to determine if the central air system is actually a heat pump or another type of warm-air furnace.

Housing costs and value.

1984. Value, mortgage data, and taxes are shown for all

owners; rent is shown for all renters; and utilities for all of

both groups. From 1973-83, these items were shown only

APPENDIX C C-3

U.S. Census Bureau
for ‘‘specified’’ owners and renters. For comparability,

Table 19 in each chapter of books published since 1984

still shows data separately for ‘‘specified’’ owners and

renters. ‘‘Specified’’ homes exclude 1-unit buildings on 10

or more acres, and owners in buildings with 2 or more

units or with a business or medical office on the property.

Also, the terminology changed. The new term ‘‘Monthly

housing costs’’ includes the old terms ‘‘Selected monthly

housing cost’’ for owners, ‘‘Gross rent’’ for renters, and

‘‘Contract rent’’ for vacant-for-rent units.

1989. The monthly housing costs items for subsidized

renters were revised to improve the reporting of actual

rental costs. In 1987, the questionnaire determined the

total amount reportedly paid for monthly rental costs.

These amounts may have included the partially subsidized

amount provided by the public housing authority, the federal government, or state and local governments. Beginning in 1989, a probe was added for subsidized households to determine what they actually paid. The new

procedures in 1989 produced lower and more accurate

estimates.

Also, see the discussion in this appendix under the topics, ‘‘Income’’ and ‘‘Utilities.’’

1995. Mortgage payments were estimated when the

respondent did not know the amount. These payments

were estimated by amortizing each mortgage at level payments over its full term. If the amount borrowed is

unknown, it is imputed first from the value of the house. If

the interest rate or term were unknown, they were

imputed from owners who got their mortgages in the

same year. This change eliminates a large source of missing data. While not perfect, it gives a much more complete

picture of housing costs than in previous years.

Housing unit definition.

1984. One major and one minor difference appears in the

housing unit definition. The major difference is that since

1984 the AHS includes vacant mobile homes as housing

units. Vacant mobile homes added an additional 698,000

seasonal and 642,000 year-round vacant units to the 1985

national housing inventory. The 1973-83 AHS excluded

these units from weighted counts, though they are

included in the microdata with zero weight.

A minor difference in the definition is the 1973-83

requirement that a housing unit must have either direct

access from the outside or through a common hallway, or

complete kitchen facilities for the exclusive use of the

occupants. In 1984, the complete kitchen facilities alternative was dropped, leaving direct access required of all

units.

Another issue is how to define group quarters. In the

1973-83 AHS, a household containing 5 or more people

unrelated to the householder was considered to be group

quarters. In 1984, the cutoff was changed to 9 or more

people unrelated to the householder.

Income.

1984. See the discussion in this appendix under the topic

‘‘Poverty.’’

1989. Two new items, ‘‘Monthly housing costs as percent

of current income’’ and ‘‘Ratio of value to current income’’

replaced similar items that were published in 1984-88. For

income, these new items use ‘‘Current income.’’ In 1984-

88, the items ‘‘Monthly housing costs as percent of

income’’ and ‘‘Value-income ratio’’ used the ‘‘Income of

families and primary individuals in the last 12 months.’’

See Appendix A for a complete definition of ‘‘Current

income,’’ ‘‘Monthly housing costs as percent of current

income,’’ and ‘‘Ratio of value to current income.’’ Use caution when comparing prior years’ data with 1989 because

of the differences in the definitions.

For comparative purposes, Table E shows monthly

housing costs as a percent of both income in the last 12

months and of current income. For total households and

owner households, the medians are the same for both

types of income; for renter households, the medians are

29 and 27 percent, respectively.

1993. Questions on income sources were revised in an

effort to improve income reporting. The question in earlier

surveys reported interest or dividend income of $400 or

more. In 1993, it was divided into two questions: one on

any interest, the other on any dividends from stocks,

regardless of amount. Therefore both new questions cover

even small amounts.

Wage and salary income was underreported for some

people and households in the 1993 national survey. The

error occurred during the processing of the data collected

by computer assisted telephone interviewing. When the

respondent does not know or refuses to report wage and

salary income, income is normally allocated during the

processing. In 1993, this income was not allocated but

was incorrectly processed as ‘‘zero’’ (no) income. This

error was corrected in the 1995 national survey. Although

the income data for 1993 are incorrect, analysis of median

household income for 1991, 1993, and 1995 indicates

that the overall effect of this error on 1993 data is minor,

though it significantly increases the apparent number of

households with zero income.

Table E. Monthly Housing Costs as a Percent of

Income

Characteristic

Median (percent)

Total Owner Renter

Monthly housing costs as percent

of income using—

Income in the last 12 months:

1987 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 18 29

1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 18 29

Current income:

1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 18 27

C-4 APPENDIX C

U.S. Census Bureau
Use caution when making income comparisons before

and after the 1993 survey.

Income sources.

1993. See the discussion in this appendix under the topic

‘‘Income.’’

Kitchen.

1984. Short questions are asked about each aspect of a

complete kitchen (questions 27, 36a, 38a, 38b2); previously only one long question was asked. The 1984

approach finds more homes missing some part of the

kitchen than the old longer question did.

In vacant units, the definition was changed. Previously,

if the respondent said the kitchen was incomplete, but the

future tenant would be expected to complete it (for

example, bring a refrigerator), as is the practice in some

areas, such a kitchen was counted as complete. Starting in

1984, it is counted as incomplete. Both approaches have

problems, but the newer approach was chosen as preferable.

Between 1983 (old question and instruction) and 1985

national (new questions and instruction), the estimate of

occupied units with incomplete kitchens changed 59 percent from 827,000 to 1,316,000. The estimate of vacant

units with incomplete kitchens changed 274 percent from

665,000 to 2,490,000. Much of this change is assumed to

be a result of the changes in the questions.

Starting in 1984, units reported in the category ‘‘complete kitchen facilities’’ in the printed books had to have

an oven. For the microdata files, an oven was not required

to be included in the category ‘‘complete kitchen facilities.’’ The definition of ‘‘Complete kitchen facilities’’ in

Appendix A of the printed books incorrectly omits that the

oven was required in the publication.

1997. The questions concerning each component of

kitchen facilities were redesigned in 1997. Prior to 1997,

the questions the respondents answered contained a definitional instruction to the field representative that the

equipment was for this household’s use only. The field representative, however, did not read this instruction to the

respondent. Beginning in 1997, the instruction ‘‘this

household’s use only’’ is no longer a part of the question

for each kitchen component. In its place, the field representative asked, when the respondent lived in a unit in a

multiunit structure, if any of the kitchen equipment was

shared with another household. This change caused large

increases in the number of units lacking complete kitchen

facilities and large decreases in the number of units with

complete kitchen facilities.

Location of previous unit.

1995. 1995 data were suppressed, because it was not

possible to code the metropolitan area of the previous unit

consistently with the location of the current unit. The data

involved comparing the metropolitan area of the previous

residence with the current residence’s location. The AHS

current residence is coded by its 1983 metropolitan area

(see Metropolitan areas, Appendix A). Since 1993, we have

not been able to code the previous residence with comparable 1983 boundaries, because of updated geographic

coding systems. Therefore, this item has been suppressed

to avoid spurious changes. (The 1993 national data were

not suppressed, but it is unclear whether they were correctly coded.)

Lodgers.

1984. A new series of questions concerned household

members age 14 or older who are not related to the

householder, not co-owners or co-renters, and not children

of co-owners or co-renters). The respondent was asked if

any of these nonrelatives paid a regular fixed rent as a

lodger, and if so, what their dollar rent was and whether it

included food. The questions were intended to measure

the cost of such housing for the lodgers. In this, as well as

earlier and later years, any lodgers’ rent received by the

householder should have been reported as rental income,

but it is not certain whether householders do so.

1993. Because of concern about ambiguity of the questions for housemates who share rent and utilities, and a

desire to measure their housing costs, the questions were

changed to remove the word ‘‘lodger’’ and ask about any

cost sharing. The respondent could answer with average

dollars per month or a percent share for each such costsharing nonrelative. Again inclusion of food was asked,

and a new question was asked about whether the nonrelative was an employee of the household. True cost-sharing

would not be counted as the householder’s income, and

the householder’s housing cost only would be the remaining share not covered by any nonrelatives’ shares.

The category labelled ‘‘lodgers’’ in the 1993 books is

incorrect, because the term was not used in the questionnaire that year.

1995 and 1996. The 1995 national and 1996 metropolitan surveys returned to the original 1984 questions for

lodgers.

1997. Both nonrelatives and relatives aged 21 and over

who were not (co-)owners or (co-)renters and who were

not spouses of (co-)owners or (co-)renters were asked the

lodger questions. The same questions were asked as in

1984, with the addition of whether the person was an

employee of the household or contributed to costs (asking

separately about contributions for utilities, mortgage/rent,

groceries, and other).

Losses.

1975 and 1976. The figures for housing units lost from

the housing stock between 1973 and 1975 or 1976, published in the 1975 and 1976 national books, are incorrect.

APPENDIX C C-5

U.S. Census Bureau
These figures were corrected in 1977 and published in

General Housing Characteristics for the United States and

Regions: 1977, series H150/77.

Married-couple families.

1985 and 1987. The published 1985 and 1987 national

estimates of married-couple families with no nonrelatives

were overestimates resulting from a processing error. The

1985 overestimate was approximately 340,000, while the

1987 overestimate was 407,800. The overestimated

married-couple families with no nonrelatives should have

been tabulated under two-or-more-person households as

either ‘‘other male’’ or ‘‘other female’’ householders. This

error was corrected in 1989. Table F provides corrected

figures for 1987.

Metropolitan areas and central cities.

1984. Books and microdata started using 1983 boundaries. This change increased the number of metropolitan

units, especially suburbs, and decreased the number of

nonmetropolitan units. These boundaries were established

in 1983, based on population and commuting patterns

measured in the 1980 census. Therefore, the 1984 AHS

metropolitan boundaries are not comparable to those in

the 1980 census publications.

National microdata started showing central city and

suburban status in all cases. Also, cases in more areas

have the identifying code for their area shown, because of

less strict confidentiality constraints than in the past

(areas of 100,000 population may be identified; the previous rule was 250,000).

Metropolitan microdata always identify the total area

surveyed, but not necessarily the newer central cities, to

protect confidentially. When an area of less than 100,000

people was added to an AHS-Metropolitan survey, sample

cases were added there, and extra sample cases also were

added in part of the old area, so no one would know

which cases were in the small added area.

From 1973-83 all books and microdata had consistently

used 1971 boundaries of metropolitan areas and cities.

These were called Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas.

The criteria were published by the U.S. Bureau of Budget

in Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas, 1959. The

boundaries were published in the U.S. Bureau of Budget in

Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas, 1967 (which also

reprinted the criteria), and some boundaries were revised

in the Office of Management and Budget’s (formerly U.S.

Bureau of the Budget) Second Amendment, February 23,

1971. These same boundaries were used in publications

from the 1970 census.

Table F. Estimate of Married-Couple Families With No

Nonrelatives and Other Two-or-More-Person

Households: 1987

Characteristic Estimate

Married-couple families, no nonrelatives ........... 50,084,000

Other two-or-more-person households ............. 18,853,000

Male householder . . . .......................... 6,421,000

Female householder ........................... 12,432,000

Note that major revisions in official SMSA boundaries

(but not AHS boundaries) were made in 1973, using

results of the 1970 census, additional revisions were

made during the 1970s, and more major revisions

occurred in 1983. Therefore, the AHS revision in 1984

reflected the cumulative result of 12 years of changes in

official definitions.

1995. Starting in 1995, most metropolitan surveys use

new samples and new boundaries, which for the first time

may differ from standard boundaries published by the

Office of Management and Budget. A list of exactly which

counties (towns in New England) are covered in each metropolitan survey each year is printed in each metropolitan

book.

Mobile homes.

1984. Mobile homes with attached permanent rooms

began to be counted as mobile homes, while previously

they were counted as single family units. Mobile homes

with attached permanent rooms are identified separately

in the microdata. See the discussion in this appendix

under the topic ‘‘Housing unit definition.’’

1985. See the discussion in this appendix under the topic

‘‘Weighting.’’

Monthly expenses, additional help.

1998. Beginning in 1998, additional questions were asked

of renters when the ratio of monthly housing costs as percent of current income is high. Rental households receiving housing assistance that report spending more than 35

percent of their income on housing, or rental households

not receiving housing assistance with incomes less than

$15,000 that report spending more then 50 percent of

their income on housing were asked questions on assistance for food, clothing, car and transportation expenses,

child care, medical care or medicine, and utility bills. They

were asked to specify the type of help they received, and

if the help was not cash, whether they could determine a

dollar value. Because of confidentiality, no dollar amount

was released on the microdata file, only the types of help.

The data were not published but are available on the

microdata file.

Monthly housing costs.

1984, 1989, and 1995. See the discussion in this appendix under the topic ‘‘Housing costs and value.’’

C-6 APPENDIX C

U.S. Census Bureau
Name change.

1984. The AHS changed its name from the Annual Housing Survey to the American Housing Survey. See the introduction of this appendix.

Neighborhood.

1987, 1989, and 1997. See the discussion in this appendix under the topic ‘‘Buildings and neighborhood.’’

New construction.

1976, 1977, and 1978. The figures for 1973-76 new

construction, 1973-77 new construction, and 1973-78

new construction published in the 1976, 1977, and 1978

national books are incorrect. These figures were corrected

in 1979 and published in Part A, General Housing Characteristics for the United States and Regions: 1979, series

H150/79.

1984. In 1984 and later AHS reports, the characteristics

of new construction units are based on units constructed

during the last 4 years. Prior to 1984, characteristics of

new construction were based on units built since the last

survey year. In the national survey, this was a 1-year

period except for the 1983 survey, which covered a 2-year

period. In the metropolitan survey, this varied from being

a 3- to 4-year period.

Other buildings vandalized or with interior

exposed.

1987, 1989, and 1997. See the discussion in this appendix under the topic ‘‘Buildings and neighborhood.’’

Other housing costs per month.

1995. A processing error was discovered and corrected

involving the category ‘‘Homeowner association fee paid’’

in the item ‘‘Other housing costs per month.’’ The ‘‘homeowner association fee paid’’ data in the 1994 and earlier

were incorrect and should not be used.

Persons other than spouse or children.

1993. See the discussion in this appendix under the topic

‘‘Lodgers.’’

Plumbing facilities. Use caution when making comparisons among any of the surveys after 1983.

1984. Changes in the questionnaire resulted in serious

deficiencies in plumbing data. In 1983 and earlier, respondents were asked a question on complete plumbing facilities that specified to the respondent the components necessary for complete plumbing (that is, hot and cold piped

water, a flush toilet, and a bathtub or shower). The question further ensured that these facilities were only for the

use of the occupants of the unit in which they were

located (exclusive use). In those units with complete

plumbing, an additional question was asked as to how

many bathrooms there were.

Starting in 1984, respondents were first asked how

many full bathrooms they had. If they answered one or

more, questions on plumbing facilities were not asked; the

unit was assumed to have complete plumbing facilities for

exclusive use. Although the 1984-87 definition of a bathroom specified hot and cold piped water, a sink, a flush

toilet, and a bathtub or shower, this definition was not

read to the respondent. Also, nothing in the question

required the bathroom to be only for the use of the occupants of the sample unit (exclusive use). We believe that

the 1984-87 AHS counted a significant number of units as

having complete plumbing for exclusive use because

respondents for these units reported having a bathroom

when, in fact, either the bathroom did not contain all

plumbing facilities or the facilities were shared by people

living in another unit. Based on previous years’ AHS data,

we believe the ‘‘completeness’’ was more of a problem

than ‘‘exclusive use.’’

The table on plumbing facilities was suppressed in

books starting in 1985 (though data were still included in

severe physical problems, see below). Data for 1984 were

published but are incorrect.

1989. Beginning in the 1989 national survey (1990 metropolitan surveys), the questionnaire items on bathrooms

and plumbing were modified to provide more accurate

estimates. Respondents were asked, ‘‘How many full bathrooms with a sink, with hot and cold piped water, a flush

toilet, and a bathtub or shower does this house/apartment

have?’’ Also, an additional question was asked, ‘‘Are the

bathrooms for this household’s use only?’’ If the respondent reported no bathrooms, detailed questions on each

required plumbing facility were asked separately.

In 1989, there were 3,139,000 year-round housing

units in the United States lacking complete plumbing

facilities for exclusive use. Prior to 1985, there was a

downward trend of units lacking complete plumbing facilities, with 1983 showing 2,233,000 such units. Units lacking plumbing may not have increased between 1983 and

1989, for the 1989-91 figures may be too high, as noted

below in the discussion of changes in 1993.

Units lacking complete plumbing facilities are included

in the count of units with severe physical problems. The

number of units with severe physical problems may have

been underestimated in both national and metropolitan

surveys in 1984-90. It also appears the units with moderate problems may have been overestimated.

There was an unrealistic increase in units with severe

problems in the United States between 1985-89 because

of redesigning the plumbing facilities question, and then

an unrealistic drop in 1993. Occupied housing units with

severe problems went from 1,559,000 in 1985 to

3,161,000 in 1989 and 1,901,000 in 1993. There was a

simultaneous decrease in moderate problems, from

APPENDIX C C-7

U.S. Census Bureau
5,814,000 in 1985 to 4,442,000 in 1989, which may be

unrealistic, but no corresponding increase in 1993. Figures are shown in Table G. This increase also affected

medians as Table H shows.

1993. In 1993, questionnaire item 29c on bathrooms for

exclusive use was modified to provide more accurate estimates. The wording of the answer options to this question

was changed to specify whether or not there was exclusive use of the facilities. This change appears to have

caused a one-third drop in plumbing problems, compared

to 1991 and a similar drop in severe physical problems.

Although the decrease between 1991 and 1993 seems

unrealistic, the change in the 1993 questionnaire probably

resulted in a better estimate.

1997. The definition of a complete bathroom was

removed again from the original question (as in 1985-87),

though the definition was still available in a help screen.

Later in the questionnaire, for homes with only one bathroom, AHS asked specifically if the bathroom had hot and

cold water, flush toilet, and bathtub or shower.

For households with more than one toilet, the 1997

questionnaire mistakenly asked about times when the toilet was unusable, instead of times when all toilets were

unusable. The 1997 breakdown data and counts of moderate physical problems may therefore include many units

where another toilet was indeed usable.

1998. See the discussion in this appendix under the topic

‘‘Flush toilet breakdowns.’’

Poverty.

1984. The AHS provides housing characteristics for

households with income below the poverty level. The AHS

poverty data are not comparable to poverty data published from the Current Population Survey (CPS). Table I

presents the differences.

Compared with the CPS, the AHS drop in poverty

between 1985 and 1987 seems too large. The 1987-89

AHS increase in poverty may be, in part, a compensation

for the unrealistic 1985-87 drop.

In general, AHS estimates of poverty are higher than the

CPS estimates. Research indicates that the AHS slightly

underreports income when compared with the CPS, thus

overreporting poverty. Furthermore, the problem seems to

be concentrated among elderly households. A detailed discussion of AHS poverty data is presented in the Census

Bureau memoranda for the record, ‘‘AHS Poverty Data,

1985 to 1989’’ and ‘‘Comparison of the 1989 AHS and CPS

Income Reporting.’’ Copies can be obtained by writing to

the Housing and Household Economic Statistics Division,

U.S. Census Bureau, Washington, DC, 20233.

Analysts are reminded that poverty data are published

in the AHS, not as an official count of households in poverty, but to show the housing characteristics of lowincome households.

Table G. Measures of Plumbing and Other Problems

Year Year-round units

with plumbing

problems

Occupied units with selected physical problems

Severe problems

Moderate

problems

Total with severe

or moderate

Plumbing problems 1 Total

1973 . . ........................................... 3,573,000 2,471,000

1974 . . ........................................... 3,036,000 2,281,000

1975 . . ........................................... 2,706,000 2,076,000

1976 . . ........................................... 2,661,000 1,944,000

1977 . . ........................................... 2,542,000 1,805,000 Not published

1978 . . ........................................... 2,503,000 1,791,000

1979 . . ........................................... 2,353,000 1,715,000

1980 . . ........................................... 2,359,000 1,753,000

1981 . . ........................................... 2,375,000 1,760,000

1983 . . ........................................... 2,233,000 1,621,000

1985 . . ........................................... − 660,000 1,559,000 5,814,000 7,373,000

1987 . . ........................................... − 574,000 1,224,000 5,184,000 6,408,000

1989 . . ........................................... 3,139,000 2,529,000 3,161,000 4,442,000 7,603,000

1991 . . ........................................... 2,849,000 2,278,000 2,874,000 4,531,000 7,405,000

1993 . . ........................................... 1,814,000 1,379,000 1,901,000 4,225,000 6,126,000

1995 . . ........................................... 1,993,000 1,459,000 2,022,000 4,348,000 6,370,000

− Means not applicable.

1

Lacks any of the following, inside the structure, for exclusive use of occupants of this housing unit: hot piped water, cold piped water, flush toilet,

bathtub (shower is an acceptable alternative).

C-8 APPENDIX C

U.S. Census Bureau
Table H. Types of Units With Severe Physical

Problems

Median 1985 1989

Year structure built 1938 1955

Rooms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.0 4.8

Square footage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 948 1,389

Table I. Households in Poverty in AHS and CPS: 1985,

1987, and 1989

Year AHS CPS

1985 . . ............................... 13,266,000 11,996,000

1987 . . ............................... 11,969,000 11,807,000

1989 . . ............................... 12,403,000 11,369,000

1985-87 change . ...................... −1,297,000 −189,000

1987-89 change . ...................... 434,000 −438,000

Public elementary school.

1997. Satisfaction with the public elementary school was

no longer asked at all households with children under 17.

It was only asked if the household had a 0- to 13-year-old

child. This change was caused by a desire to focus on

households that would be most knowledgeable about

elementary schools. A mistake prevented covering all such

households.

Questionnaire.

1984. A new questionnaire was introduced in 1984. Most

of the changes on the questionnaire were made to

improve the quality of the data. As a result, however, several items in 1984 and beyond are not comparable to similar data for 1973-83; a discussion of each item can be

found in the appendix under the topic of the same name.

Items changed on 1985 questionnaire:

• Units in structure

• Rooms in unit

• Plumbing facilities

• Kitchen

• Recent movers

Some new items were introduced in 1984 including lot

size, square footage, units with severe or moderate problems, elderly householder, heating degree days (national

sample only), and detailed information on mortgages. For

detailed definitions of these and other items, please see

Appendix A.

1995. A number of new items were introduced in the

1995 questionnaire to improve the quality of the data.

New items in the 1995 questionnaire:

• Rooms used for business

• Homes currently for sale or rent

• Safety of primary source of water

• Source of drinking water

• Rent paid by lodgers

• Home equity loan

1997. Computer assisted personal interviewing was introduced in the 1997 AHS using laptop computers. See the

discussion in this appendix under the topic ‘‘Computer

assisted interviewing.’’

For copies of questions used in the laptop computers

call HUD USER at 800-245-2691 or the American Housing

Survey Branch, U.S. Census Bureau at 301-457-3235.

Race.

1995. Beginning in the 1995 national and 1996 metropolitan surveys, two new categories were added to this

item: ‘‘American Indian, Eskimo, and Aleut’’ and ‘‘Asian and

Pacific Islanders.’’

Reasons for leaving previous unit.

1998. There was an error in the computer program for

the laptop in 1997. As a result, data for the categories

‘‘private displacement’’ and ‘‘government displacement’’

were not collected. In 1998, the error was corrected and

data were published.

Recent movers.

1984. In the 1984 AHS and later, some of the data for

recent movers are based on the householder’s characteristics and some are based on characteristics of the AHS

respondent who may or may not be the householder.

Before 1984, all recent-mover data were based on the

householder’s characteristics.

Rent control.

1988. In 1988, the computer edits for the metropolitan

samples were changed for units reporting rent control.

The states of California, Connecticut, New Jersey, New

York, and Massachusetts, as well as the District of Columbia, are the only states that have metropolitan areas with

rent control. If a respondent answered ‘‘yes’’ to rent control in a metropolitan area not in one of the above mentioned states, the answer was edited to ‘‘no.’’ In survey

years prior to 1988, answers of ‘‘yes’’ to rent control in

metropolitan areas not in one of the above mentioned

States are errors.

Rooms in unit.

1984. The number of year-round units with one or two

rooms in the United States dropped from 4,056,000 in

1983 to 2,486,000 in 1985. As a result, the median number of rooms per unit increased from 5.1 to 5.3; this does

not necessarily indicate an increase in the average size of

housing units. In the 1983 AHS, respondents answered a

single question asking for a total count of rooms in the

unit. The potential to miss specific rooms is high in a

question of this type. In the 1984 and later surveys,

respondents were asked for a count of each specific type

of room. The answers to these questions were then added

APPENDIX C C-9

U.S. Census Bureau
The questionnaires have been published for reference as shown in the Table J.

Table J. Reprints and Indexes of Questionnaires

Year Printed books

Codebook

Questionnaire

Compendium

Questionnaire

Volume 1 Volume 2 Volume 3 Directory

Reprints Reprints Reprints Index Reprints Index Reprints Index Index

1973 ......... Occ, Vac − −− −− Card, Occ, Vac * *

1974-81 ...... Occ, Vac − −− −− Card, Occ, Vac * *

1983 ......... Occ, Vac, − −− −− −− *

1984 ......... Card, Occ, Vac − − * −− −− *

1985 National . Card, Occ, Vac Card, Occ, Vac − * −− −− −

1985 Metro . . . Card, Occ, Vac − − * −− −− −

1986-92 ...... Card, Occ, Vac − − * −− −− −

1993-94 ...... Card, Occ, SU − − * −− −− −

1995 National . Card, Occ, SV − Card, Occ, SV * −− −− −

1995 Metro . . . Card, Occ, SV − − * −− −− −

1996 ......... Card, Occ, SV − − * −− −− −

1997 ......... − − −− Card, Occ, Vac * −− −

Notes . . . ..... − − −− −− 900 pages

HUD USER

#2270 ntis#pb8

2175845

− 300 pages

HUD USER

#5599

- Means not applicable. * An alphabetical index to the questions is provided.

Abbreviations:

Card: Control Card with introductory questions and household members

Occ: Questions for occupied units

Vac: Questions for vacant units, noninterviews, and URE (temporary home, people have usual residence elsewhere)

SU: A few special questions for URE are printed, only questions that differ from occupied units

SV: A few special questions for Vacant and URE are printed, only questions that differ from occupied units

Downloadable/machine-readable questions are only available for 1997. Many of the other books listed above are downloadable, but those downloadable versions exclude the questionnaires (except for the 1997 questionnaire in Codebook, volume 3).

together in the tabulations to provide a total count of

rooms. Far fewer rooms were missed in this series of

questions which has apparently resulted in lower counts

of one- and two-room units. It is also possible, however,

that a few rooms may have been double counted. For

example, a living room also may have been counted as a

family room for a count of two rooms when only one room

actually exists.

1997. Unfinished rooms were excluded from the published total number of rooms, but the count of unfinished

rooms was available separately in the microdata. Respondents were asked for number of rooms not only by type of

room, but also by floor. Research had shown this approach

was helpful for large homes, but it may have caused confusion and double counting in small homes.

1998. The data for rooms published in 1998 are not comparable to the data published in earlier years. The

approach used in 1998 resulted in a much lower count of

one room housing units and housing units with no bedroom as shown in Table K.

Table K. One-Room Units and Units With No

Bedrooms in AHS: Selected Years

Area and year One-room

units

Units with no

bedrooms

San Francisco-Oakland,CA

1998....................... 25,300 30,200

1993....................... 35,500 73,900

San Jose, CA

1998....................... 3,400 4,400

1993....................... 4,900 8,800

Tampa-St. Petersburg, FL

1998....................... 1,700 3,000

1993....................... 3,800 8,900

Salt Lake City, UT

1998. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400 500

1992. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 900 2,400

Baltimore, MD

1998. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 900 900

1991....................... 2,800 5,200

Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN

1998. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 700 700

1990....................... 4,600 7,500

C-10 APPENDIX C

U.S. Census Bureau
The 1998 approach had the respondent count each

type of room for each floor of the housing unit for a total

of up to five floors (the fifth includes five or more floors).

For example, a count of the total number of bedrooms

was obtained for the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth

floors. These counts were then added together to get a

total count of bedrooms. This same procedure was followed for each type of room (living room, dining room,

family room, etc.). The final room counts were then added

together to get a total for the housing unit. In addition, a

special probe at very small units (those with no bedrooms,

baths or half baths, and kitchens) asked if any of these

rooms were missed. These procedures evidently produced

larger counts of rooms for the smaller units. The low

counts of 1998 of one-room units and units having no

bedrooms do not reflect any change in the characteristics

of the housing inventory that might have occurred

between this year and earlier years. Housing units that

should have been counted as one-room units or as having

no bedrooms in 1998 were counted as having more than

one room and/or having one or more bedrooms.

Sample.

1985. A new sample was chosen for the national survey

from the 1980 census. The previous sample, selected from

the 1970 census, was used from 1973-83. To the degree

that the coverage of housing units is different between the

1970 and the 1980 censuses, comparisons of the results

of the 1973-83 surveys with the results of the 1985 and

later surveys may be affected.

1987. Houston had a new sample based on the 1980 census, because AHS sampling techniques did not accommodate its rapid annexations. The previous sample was

based on the 1970 census.

1995. A new sample was chosen for the metropolitan surveys from the 1990 census, except in six areas that were

covered as part of the 1995 national survey, and therefore

have samples based on the 1980 census. The previous

metropolitan samples, based on the 1970 census, were

used from 1974-94.

All samples are updated continuously to cover new construction. See also Weighting in the appendix, and the discussion of sample design in Appendix B.

Sample size.

1995. The item ‘‘sample size’’ was added to Table 2-1 of

published books. The sample size shown in the book is

the unweighted count of the actual sample cases. See

Appendix B for a more detailed explanation on sample

design.

Selected geographic areas.

1995. The published data for the item ‘‘Selected Geographic Areas’’ in Table 2-1 were found to be incorrect for

four of the 1995 metropolitan reports because of errors in

processing. Corrected data can be obtained by writing to

the Housing and Household Economic Statistics Division,

U.S. Census Bureau, Washington, DC 20233 or by calling

301-457-3235. The problems with the data were as follows:

Chicago. The data for the three counties not listed in

‘‘Selected Geographic Areas’’ were incorrectly distributed

among the data for the five counties that were listed. All

published county data for Chicago were incorrect.

New York. The data for the three counties not listed in

‘‘Selected Geographic Areas’’ were incorrectly added to the

data for the last county listed, Westchester County. Published data for the first seven counties listed were correct.

Data for Westchester County were incorrect.

Northern New Jersey. The data for the first ten counties

listed were published correctly. Data for the last county

listed, Union County, was incorrectly left off the table.

Philadelphia. No data were published for Philadelphia.

Severe and moderate problems.

1989. The data concerning units with severe and moderate problems in the 1989 national survey (1990 metropolitan surveys) and beyond are not comparable with similar

data published earlier. See the discussion under the topic

‘‘Plumbing facilities.’’ Units lacking complete plumbing

facilities are included in the count of units with severe

physical problems. The number of units with severe physical problems may have been underestimated during the

1985-89 national (1984-90 metropolitan) time period. During the same time period, units with moderate problems

may have been overestimated.

Sewage disposal breakdowns.

1998. There was an error in the computer program for

the laptop in 1997. As a result, data on sewage disposal

breakdowns were collected for only 95 percent of the eligible households. Although the universe was incomplete,

the data were published because the households answering the questions did so correctly. In 1998, the error was

corrected and all eligible households were asked the questions.

Source of water.

1992. In 1985-91, respondents were asked if the source

of water for their homes was a public or private system,

an individual well, or some other source. Interviewer

instructions specified that the question was concerned

about the water used for cooking and drinking. This

instruction was not read to the respondent. In 1992, the

question changed and the interviewer instructions became

part of the question. From 1992 forward, the number of

units reporting ‘‘Some other source of water’’ increased

apparently as a result of the wording change in 1992.

Therefore, data from 1985-91 and 1992 and later should

be compared with caution.

APPENDIX C C-11

U.S. Census Bureau
1995. The title of this item changed to ‘‘Primary source of

water,’’ and the usage restriction ‘‘for cooking and drinking’’ was deleted from the question.

Statistical areas.

1995. Beginning in 1995, the item ‘‘Statistical Areas’’ is no

longer published in the metropolitan reports because of

the complexity of matching geographic files over long

periods of time.

Stories in structure.

1987, 1989, and 1997. See the discussion in this appendix under the topic ‘‘Buildings and Neighborhood.’’

Telephone interviewing.

1981. Beginning in 1981, decentralized telephone interviewing was conducted in the national survey for a sample

of units that were in sample during the previous enumeration. As a result of analysis conducted in both 1981 and

1983, the Census Bureau concluded that data collected

using the decentralized telephone interviewing procedures

were not sufficiently different from data collected by regular personal interviews to preclude basing published data

on both telephone and personal interview data. Also, see

the discussion in this appendix under the topics ‘‘Buildings

and neighborhood’’ and ‘‘Computer assisted interviewing.’’

Time sharing.

1993. A programming error was discovered and corrected

for the item ‘‘Time sharing.’’ In the 1991 national survey,

the wrong universe was used. As a result, the published

1991 estimates of time-shared units were too low. Use

caution when making comparisons with the 1991 AHS

national survey and later national surveys.

Trash, litter, or junk on streets or any property.

1987, 1989, and 1997. See the discussion in this appendix under the topic ‘‘Buildings and neighborhood.’’

Units in structure.

1984. From 1973 through 1983, data on units in structure were based on the respondent’s answer to one question, ‘‘How many living quarters, both occupied and

vacant, are there in this house (building)?’’ In 1984 and

beyond, data on units in structure were based on the

respondent’s answers to a series of questions. The

method of collecting units-in-structure data was revised,

because previous AHS experience showed the concept to

be difficult for the respondents. Respondents particularly

had difficulty distinguishing between single-family,

attached, and multiunit structures.

As a result of this change, the estimated number of

one-unit attached structures declined in some MSAs

between interview dates of 1984 and later compared with

interview dates prior to 1984. It is estimated that 1974

through 1983 AHS-MS surveys, on average, overestimated

the numbers of one-unit, attached structures by approximately 25 percent. The level of overestimation may vary

significantly between metropolitan areas. Units incorrectly

classified as one-unit, attached in previous survey years

are, in 1984 and beyond, correctly classified as being in

multiunit structures.

The Census Bureau estimated that the 1983 AHSNational sample overestimated single-family, detached

units by 125,000 and single-family, attached units by

696,000. The 1983 AHS-National sample underestimated

units in multiunit structures by approximately 898,000.

Table L provides revised levels of 1983-85 growth by adding 1983 overestimates and subtracting 1983 underestimates to the 1983-85 change shown in Table M.

Urban, rural, and population.

1985. From 1973-83, national books and data files use

1970 populations and 1971boundaries to define urban

and rural areas. Starting in 1985, national books and data

files use 1980 populations and 1981 boundaries. 1990

and 1991 data are never used for this topic. (This topic

only applies to national surveys, not metropolitan surveys.)

Utilities.

1989. Two procedures were introduced that attempt to

correct the overreporting of electricity and gas costs in the

AHS. In the first procedure, respondents were asked the

amount of the electricity and/or gas bill for the previous

months of January, April, August, and December. These

months were the best predictors of annual costs. If the

respondent provided data for at least 3 of the 4 months

(1 month for recent movers), the results were used to provide an annual estimate of costs. This estimate was then

divided by 12 to provide average monthly costs.

Table L. Change in the Year-Round Housing Inventory

by Units in Structure: 1983-85

Units in structure 1983 1985

1983-85

change

Single-family detached .... 57,029,000 58,773,000 1,744,000

Single-family attached .... 4,453,000 4,451,000 −2,000

2 or more units in structure 26,193,000 28,128,000 1,935,000

Table M. Revised Change in the Year-Round Housing

Inventory by Units in Structure: 1983-85

Units in structure 1983-85

change

Add

1983

overestimate

Subtract

1983

underestimate

1983-85

revised

change

Single-family detached .... 1,744,000 125,000 − 1,869,000

Single-family attached .... −2,000 696,000 − 694,000

2 or more units in structure 1,935,000 − 898,000 1,037,000

C-12 APPENDIX C

U.S. Census Bureau
The backup procedure was applied to the remaining units.

If the respondents did not know the amount of their electricity and/or gas bills for at least 3 of the 4 months, their

estimate of average monthly costs was used. A factor was

then applied that, in effect, lowered these costs to make

the total cost from all households consistent with electricity and gas costs reported in the Residential Energy Consumption Survey sponsored by the United States Department of Energy.

Before 1989, respondents were asked only to provide

an estimate of average monthly costs. Research done

using the 1987 AHS showed that this approach produces

15 to 20 percent overestimates of electricity and gas

costs. The new procedures in 1989 and later produce

lower and more accurate estimates. On average, more

than one-third of the respondents provided answers for at

least 3 of the 4 months.

1993. The procedures introduced in 1989 were improved

and expanded from two to three procedures. All respondents were asked if they had records available showing

their costs for electricity (or gas) separate from other utilities. If they responded ‘‘yes,’’ they were asked the amount

of their electricity (or gas) bill for the most recent months

of January, April, August, and December. On average, more

than one-third of the respondents provided answers for at

least 1 of the 4 months.

If the respondent provided data for 2, 3, or 4 months,

the following procedure was used. The monthly data were

adjusted using regression formulas, modeled after the

results of the Residential Energy Consumption Survey

(RECS), sponsored by the Department of Energy, to estimate yearly costs that were then divided by 12.

If the respondent provided data for only 1 month, the

following procedure was used. The data for the month

were adjusted using regression formulas to estimate

yearly costs that were then divided by 12. Because only 1

month of real cost was provided, these formulas modeled

after the RECS results also took into account the following

characteristics of the unit: electric home heating, natural

gas home heating, electric water heating, natural gas

water heating, year built, type of unit, number of rooms,

number of bathrooms, number of appliances, and number

of household members.

If the respondent answered ‘‘no’’ that he or she did not

have separate records for the electricity (or gas), the same

backup procedure was used as described for 1989.

Vacant units.

1984. See the discussion in this appendix under the topics ‘‘Housing unit definition’’ and ‘‘Weighting.’’

Value.

1984. See the discussion in this appendix under the topic

‘‘Housing costs and value.’’

Weighting. Appendix B describes the process of weighting the data to represent the country as accurately as possible. The last steps in weighting involve ratios to make

AHS data match other sources. Table N shows that the

sources of these control totals have changed.

1979-83. The 1980-based national estimates are about

2 percent larger than the 1970-based estimates. This

2-percent effect was equally distributed among all types of

units. Therefore, percentages and medians should be comparable throughout 1973-83.

1985. The 1980 census count of occupied units in the

United States was adjusted for undercount and projected

to 1985 using the 1980-85 Current Population Survey’s

rate of change. The Census Bureau then ratio-estimated

the 1985 AHS-National sample to this number. The procedure used in 1985 resulted in 200,000 additional occupied

units that would not have been estimated if the 1983 procedures had been employed in 1985.

Also, all vacant units were adjusted for undercount for

the first time. This adjustment added 400,000 vacant

units (98,000 seasonal units and 302,000 year-round

vacant units) to the housing inventory.

Beginning with 1985, national estimates of mobile

homes with a model year of 1980 or later were ratioestimated into independent counts of mobile home placements from the Survey of Mobile Home Placements. The

counts of mobile homes for 1983 and earlier years may be

too low and lead to unrealistically high estimates of

change between 1985 and earlier years. For example,

occupied mobile homes grew from 3,999,000 in 1983 to

4,754,000 in 1985, an increase of 755,000. This level of

growth seems excessive as data from the Survey of Mobile

Home Placements shows approximately 570,000 new

mobile homes placed for residential use during the same

time period.

1991. On average, the 1990-based national weighting

produces numbers that are about 2.5 percent lower than

1980-based weighting. This effect is not equally distributed among all types of units. Table O shows the effects of

the weighting change by region for the year 1991.

Table P presents counts of occupied homes using 1990-

based weighting. This weighting is consistent with the

weighting used to produce the 1991 and later detailed

tables in Chapters 1 through 10 of the national books.

These data should be used when measuring the change in

the size of the occupied inventory. These data provide the

most accurate count of the total number of occupied

homes in the United States for the years 1985, 1987, and

1989.

Wiring.

1997. Plastic coverings began to be counted as acceptable, along with metal coverings, because the building

industry accepts them. This change should reduce the

count of ‘‘exposed wiring’’ reported in 1995.

APPENDIX C C-13

U.S. Census Bureau
Table N. Sources of Control Totals for AHS

Survey

Census

used as

basis Method of updating

NATIONAL SURVEYS

1973-80 . ..... 1970 Current Population Survey

1981-83 . ..... 1980 Current Population Survey

1985-89 . ..... 1980 Current Population Survey, 1980 under

count, mobile home placements

1991 and later . 1990 Formula, please see Appendix B

METROPOLITAN SURVEYS

1974-75 . ..... 1970 Utility companies’ data

1976-78 . . . . . . No controls (except that the 1977 Pittsburgh survey

used the 1974-75 method)

1979-80 . ..... 1970-80 Interpolation

1981-83 . ..... 1980 Building + demolition permits or no controls,

depending on local judgment

1984-88 State of California, Department of Finance

California ....

1984-88

Outside

California ....

1980 Total population by county, and estimated

change in household size by state

(described in Proceedings of the Bureau

of the Census Second Annual Research

Conference, 1986, pages 83-110)

1989 ......... 1980-90 Interpolation between 1985 estimate

(methodology on previous line) and 1990

census

1990 ......... 1980-90 Extrapolation

1991 and later . 1990 Census Bureau data on construction,

mobile home placement, vacant units,

lost units

Table O. 1991 AHS: Decrease in Estimates From

1980-Based Weighting to 1990-Based

Weighting, as Percent of 1980-Based

Type of unit United

States

NortheastMidwest South West

Total housing unit . . . 2.5 3.6 2.7 2.0 1.8

Occupied . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 3.5 2.7 2.0 1.7

Built 1980 or later . . . . . . . 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1

Built before 1980 . . . . . . . 2.9 3.9 3.1 2.6 2.2

Vacant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9 4.6 2.8 2.4 2.4

Table P. Occupied Housing Units Using 1990-Based

Weighting: 1985, 1987, and 1989

[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic

1985 1987 1989

Owner Renter Owner Renter Owner Renter

United States . . 54,394 31,279 56,649 31,885 58,193 32,809

Northeast.... 10,922 7,106 11,418 7,089 11,660 7,011

Midwest ..... 14,226 7,242 14,696 7,133 15,122 7,234

South ....... 19,217 9,876 19,985 10,190 20,627 10,694

West. . . . . . . . 10,030 7,056 10,550 7,472 10,784 7,870

Race

White and

other....... 50,222 25,866 52,323 26,253 53,772 26,924

Black ....... 4,172 5,413 4,326 5,632 4,420 5,885

C-14 APPENDIX C

U.S. Census Bureau
Appendix D.

Errors

All numbers from the American Housing Survey (AHS),

except for sample size, are estimates. As in other surveys,

errors come primarily from the following:

• Incomplete data (Incomplete data are adjusted by

assuming that the respondents are similar to those not

answering, and the size of these errors is estimated.)

• Wrong answers (The U.S. Census Bureau does not adjust

for wrong answers and does not estimate the size of the

errors.)

• Sampling (Sampling errors are not adjusted and the size

of the error is estimated.)

Incomplete data and wrong answers are usually the

largest source of errors, larger than sampling errors. For

example, in the American Housing Survey−National

(AHS-N), the changes in weighting in 1981 and 1991 (see

Appendix C) corrected some of the error due to incomplete data; that one correction averaged 2.5 percent in

1991. Worse errors from incomplete data and from wrong

answers apply to some items, discussed below.

Additional information on the quality of AHS data can

be obtained from the U.S. Census Bureau, American Housing Survey: A Quality Profile, Series H121/95-1.

INCOMPLETE DATA

Coverage errors. Because of deficiencies with our sampling lists, the homes in the survey do not represent all

homes in the country. The Census Bureau attempts to

adjust for the deficiencies by raising the raw numbers

from the survey proportionally so that the numbers published here match independent estimates of the total number of homes. Housing unit undercoverage is about 1.7

percent for the 1997 AHS-N. The approximate housing

unit undercoverage rates for the 1998 metropolitan areas

range from less than 1 percent to 4.4 percent.

The independent estimates changed around 2.5 percent

in both 1981 and 1991 (after the 1980 and 1990 censuses, respectively) which implies that some error existed

in the years just before the adjustment. The next correction will be after the Census 2000. Before adjustments,

undercoverage varies from 2 percent to 20 percent for

major categories of units (see Table 2 in Appendix D of

American Housing Survey for the U.S. in 1995) but is usually less than 3 percent, on average. Table Q lists units

that have known coverage deficiencies.

Table Q. Poorly Covered Units

Type of unit Type of deficiency

Mobile homes, boats,

and recreational

vehicles (RVs)

No coverage of new mobile home parks, new

marinas, and new RV parks since April 1980

for AHS-N or April 1990 for AHS-MS,

in areas where addresses are complete and

permits are required for new construction.

Conventional new

construction

No coverage of permits issued fewer than 8

months before interviewing or homes built

without permits where permits are required. In

addition, eligible units could be missed and

ineligible units included because of incorrect

answers to questions used to screen out

ineligible units.

New construction in

special places (for

example, college

campuses, prisons,

etc.)

Not covered in either permit-issuing or

nonpermit-issuing areas.

Group quarters and

houses moved in

Eligible units could be missed because of

incorrect answers to questions used to screen

out ineligible units.

Conversions from

nonresidential units

AHS-N: Minimal coverage of nonresidential

units in buildings with no living quarters at the

time of the 1980 census that converted to

housing units by 1991 (and no coverage since

1991) in areas where addresses are complete

and permits are required for new construction.

AHS-MS: Nonresidential units at the time

of the 1990 census that converted to

residential units were missed.

Within-structure

additions

Some extra apartments created illegally or

occupied by fugitives are probably missed

because people do not report them for fear of

penalties.

Whole structure

additions

These units are chosen with the aid of

screening questions. Eligible units could be

missed and ineligible units included because

of incorrect answers to the screening

questions.

Missing data. Some people refuse the interview or some

of the questions, or do not know the answers. When the

entire interview is missing, other similar interviews represent the missing ones (see Appendix B). For most missing

answers, an answer from a similar household is copied.1

The Census Bureau does not know how close the imputed

values are to the actual values. For other items, ‘‘not

reported’’ is used as an answer category. The items with

1

Hot deck allocation is used: an answer is copied from the

most recently processed similar household before the household

with the missing item.

APPENDIX D D-1

U.S. Census Bureau
the most missing data are primarily those that people forget or consider personal: mortgages, other housing costs,

and income.

Incompleteness can cause large errors since, when even

10 percent of homes are missed by a particular question,

they represent about 10 million homes that have to be

estimated on little or no basis (there are about 100 million

homes in the U.S.). The survey estimates them by assuming that they are like some group of homes that did give

data, an assumption that is never exactly true although it

is usually better than ignoring the homes with the missing

data. Thus, it is not surprising that large biases, as shown

in Tables R1 and R2 in the tables section, are possible

when the survey has data for only 50 to 90 percent of

homes for particular items. Again, readers should be wary

of items with highly incomplete data.2

Rates of completeness were not computed for 1997.

Table 2 in Appendix D of American Housing Survey for the

U. S. in 1995 gives the completeness rates for 1995. Due

to the change in data collection methodology, the rates for

1997 may be higher or lower than in the past. However,

the items that were most incomplete in 1995 are probably

still the most incomplete for 1997.

Effect on income. The nonsampling errors interact particularly badly for income. Income questions are inconsistently answered (Table S), incompletely answered, and the

totals fall short of totals known from the National Income

Accounts, especially for the elderly.3

Change over time. Several aspects of the AHS make estimates of change from previous data unreliable. These

changes may elicit different answers from the past, even if

nothing changed in the housing unit. Wording and question order for most questions changed. Also, the questionnaire now runs on interviewers’ portable computers (as

described in Appendix C), resulting in the following possible changes:

• The correct questions should be asked. Skip patterns

will be followed more accurately.

• Inconsistent answers (such as reporting a move-in date

before the date built) are probed during the interview,

rather than just being changed in later computer processing, so these problems should be resolved more

accurately.

• For AHS-N, large changes from prior year data are

probed during the interview, for some questions, to

reduce mistaken measurements of large change.

• Some respondents may dislike the presence of the computer, though interviewers do not report many problems.

• It is now a little harder for interviewers to go back to a

question much earlier in the questionnaire if a respondent suddenly remembers something.

In the future, the Census Bureau may try to estimate the

net effects of these differences.

WRONG ANSWERS

Wrong answers happen because people misunderstand

questions, cannot recall the correct answer, or do not want

to give the right answer. Table S shows which items have

been measured for inconsistency when people are reinterviewed after a few weeks. The actual survey did not catch

and reconcile these inconsistencies and continuously

occurring errors are not measured at all. Thus, a high rate

of wrong answers remains for some items. The Census

Bureau categorizes these levels of inconsistency into three

ranges:

1. Less than 20 is considered a low level of inconsistency.

2. Between 20 and 50 is considered a moderate level of

inconsistency.

3. Greater than 50 is considered a high level of inconsistency indicating that responses are not reliable.

Not all questions have been checked for inconsistencies; the ones checked were the questions where inconsistencies seemed likely. Questions measuring opinions were

likely to have high inconsistencies. For the 1997 AHSNational and the 1998 AHS-MS, the wording for some

questions changed. This change is expected to lower the

level of inconsistency for the changed items. The numbers

in Table S are percents. They are nearly the same as 100

minus the correlation between answers in the original

interview and the reinterview. For example, an inconsistency of 20 means a correlation of 80 percent, which is

good. This is the correlation between answers to the same

question, usually from the same respondents, a month

apart. Wrong answers create wrong results and mean that

data on groups (for example, income groups) are infected

with data from people who really are not like the group at

all. Errors are especially troublesome for rare items where

2

Statistical note: The November 1990 paper, HowResponse

Error, Missing Data and Undercoverage Bias Survey Data, estimates that 90 percent of errors from incomplete data are less

than: 1.64 x (.0012xU+ .0363 x (lesser of A or U−A)) where A is

any count from the AHS and U is the total number of housing

units in the U.S. or metropolitan area (both in thousands, result

also in thousands). Weights are adjusted to reduce these errors,

but it is not known how much error remains. HowResponse Error,

Missing Data and Undercoverage Bias Survey Data, order number

HUD-6458, is available from HUD USER. 3

Data are in the Codebook for the American Housing Survey

Volume 1, available from HUD USER. Newer comparisons, though

for a different survey, are in Money Income of Households Families, and Persons in the United States: 1992, Series P60-184,

pages C12-C14, available from the Superintendent of Documents

(see ‘‘Where to get AHS data′′).

D-2 APPENDIX D

U.S. Census Bureau
even small errors overwhelm the true data. Readers

should be wary of drawing firm conclusions from items

with high inconsistency or from categories smaller than a

few million homes.

Possible effects of telephone interviewing on the

data. A new sample was selected for the 1998 AHS-MS.

All interviews were initial interviews (never interviewed

before). A subset of the 1998 sample was interviewed by

telephone. This was the first time that the AHS allowed

initial interviews to be conducted by telephone. It is not

known what, if any, effect telephone interviewing had on

the 1998 results.

SAMPLING ERRORS

Sampling errors definition. Errors from sampling

reflect how estimates from a sample vary from the actual

value. (Note: ‘‘actual value’’ means the value derived if all

housing units had been interviewed, under the same conditions, rather than only a sample.) A confidence interval

is a range that contains the actual value with a specified

probability. The range of nonsampling error is usually

larger than this confidence interval.

Counts. Most numbers from the AHS are counts of housing units (for example, units with basements or units with

an elderly person). These counts have error from sampling. As with the other types of errors, readers should be

wary of numbers with large errors from sampling.

Table T gives a convenient list of errors for a range of

numbers for 1997 AHS-N. The error from sampling cannot

be known exactly. For numbers not in Table T, the error

from sampling is approximated using the following formula for constructing a 90-percent confidence interval:

1.64 x 3.85 x A .000034 x A2

where A is a number (a count of units in thousands) from

the AHS. This formula is an overestimate for most items.

For more accurate estimates, use the formula in Table V.

For example if A is 200:

1.64 x 3.85 x 200 .000034 x 200 x 200  45

The 90-percent confidence interval can then be formed

by adding and subtracting this error to the survey estimate of 200 (that is, 200 plus or minus 45). Statements

such as ‘‘the actual value is in the range 200 plus or minus

45 (155 to 245),’’ are right 90 percent of the time and

wrong 10 percent of the time.4

Numbers in the book are printed in thousands, so 200

means 200,000. The formulas are designed to use numbers directly from the book; do not add zeros. The result

is also in thousands, so 45 means 45,000.

Table W contains a list of errors for a range of numbers

for each of the 1998 AHS-MS areas. For numbers not

found in this table, interpolate between the numbers in

the table or use the appropriate formula from Table U for

the 1998 AHS-MS. Remember, in any case, that the total

error is larger than the sampling error.

Percents. Any subgroup can be shown as a percent of a

larger group. For AHS-N, the error from sampling for a

90-percent confidence interval for this percent is:

1.64 x 3.85 p 100 p) A

where p is the percent; A is the denominator, or base of

the percent in thousands.

For example, the error from sampling for a 90-percent

confidence interval for 40 percent of 200 (meaning

200,000) is:

1.64 x 3.85 x 40 x 60/200  11.1

Statements such as ‘‘the actual percent is in the range

28.9 percent to 51.1 percent’’ are right 90 percent of the

time. This formula is an overestimate for most items. To

get a more accurate estimate for AHS-N, replace the first

number under the square root sign above with the first

number under the square root sign of the appropriate formula in Table V.5 For AHS-MS, use the appropriate formula

in Table X.

Note that when a ratio C/D is computed where C is not

a subgroup of D (for example, the number of Hispanics as

a ratio of the number of Blacks) the error from sampling is

different.6

Medians. The steps in the table on page D-4 calculate the

error from sampling for a 90-percent confidence interval

for medians. This is an approximation to the error.

For small bases the confidence interval on medians can

not be estimated reliably. To estimate a median’s sampling

error more accurately, find the sampling error on 50 percent as described in Table Y and compute the 90-percent

confidence interval.

Differences. Two numbers from the AHS, like 34 and 40,

or 40 percent and 45 percent have a ‘‘statistically significant difference’’ if their ranges of error from sampling for

a 90-percent confidence interval do not overlap.7

4

The formula in the text is based on 1.64 times the standard

error from sampling. This formula gives ‘‘90-percent confidence

interval errors.’’ For 95-percent confidence interval errors, multiply by 1.96 instead of 1.64; for 99-percent confidence, multiply

by 2.58 instead of 1.64.

5

This formula is actually 1.64 x (p(100p)/n), since 3.85/A

adjusts the data to the effective sample size. 6

The error from sampling for a 90-percent confidence interval

for a ratio C/D is C/D(error for C/C)2 + (error for D/D)2 where the

error for C should be interpreted as the error for a 90-percent

confidence interval for C. Likewise, the error for D should be

interpreted as the error for a 90-percent confidence interval for D.

7

When ranges of error from sampling for a 90-percent confidence interval do overlap, numbers are still statistically different

if the result of subtracting one from the other is more than

error for first number

2  error for second number2

The error for the first and second numbers should be interpreted

as the error for a 90-percent confidence interval for the first and

second numbers respectively.

APPENDIX D D-3

U.S. Census Bureau
How to Compute a 90-Percent Confidence Interval

for a Median

Steps for

calculations

The

formula

An

example

Your

data

How many total

units is the

median based

on (in thousands, exclude

‘‘not reported’’

and ‘‘don’t

know’’)?

A 297.3

What are the

end-points of

the category

the median is

in?

X - Y $600-699

What is the width

of this category

(in dollars,

rooms, or whatever the item

measures)?

W $100

How many housing units are in

this median category (in thousands)?

B 21.6

Then the error

from sampling

for the median

is approximately:1

KxWx A

B

.426 x 100 x297.3

21.6

= $34

The 90-percent

confidence

interval for the

median is:

median 

KxWx A

B

median ± $34

1

Note: To obtain an appropriate value for K, multiply the numerator

of the formula for computing the error from sampling for 50 percent by

a factor of .01. Refer to the Percents section of this appendix for the

appropriate formula for AHS-N. Refer to Table X for the appropriate formula for AHS-MS. For example, for estimates consisting of only mobile

homes in the Baltimore, MD, metropolitan area,

k = .01 x (1.64 x .405 x 50 x 50  .522 and for all other estimates

in Baltimore, MD, K = .426.

Formulas for Error From Sampling. The letter ‘‘A’’ in

the formulas in Tables U, V, and X represents a number (a

count of units in thousands) from AHS (see Sampling

Errors text for an example of how ‘‘A’’ is used). For AHS-N,

the minimum error from sampling is ±9 (meaning ±9 thousand).8 If a formula gives an error smaller than 9, use 9.

For a 90-percent confidence interval on zero for the

1998 AHS-MS, refer to Table W where the size of the estimate is zero. If a formula gives an error smaller than the

error for zero, use the error for zero.

The formulas give the errors for a 90-percent confidence interval. For a 95-percent confidence interval, multiply by 1.96 instead of 1.64; for a 99-percent confidence

interval, multiply by 2.58 instead of 1.64.

For AHS-N, if an item falls into two different categories

in Table V, use the formula that gives the largest error. For

example, for Hispanics’ income in the South, use the formulas for the South (since there is no specific formula for

income and errors for the South will be bigger than those

for Hispanics). For the following neighborhood characteristics, use the neighborhood formulas. The following

items are defined as neighborhood characteristics:

• Opinion of neighborhood

• Street noise or traffic

• Neighborhood crime

• Odors

• Other bothersome neighborhood conditions

• Elementary school

• Public transportation

• Neighborhood shopping

• Police protection

• Parking lots

• Description of area (except open space, park, farm, or

ranch) within 300 feet

• Age of other residential buildings within 300 feet

• Other buildings vandalized or with interior exposed

within 300 feet

• Bars on windows of buildings within 300 feet

• Conditions of streets within 300 feet

• Trash, litter, or junk on streets or any properties within

300 feet

For the following special characteristics, use the special

characteristics formulas. The following items are defined

as special characteristics:

• Cooperatives or condominiums

• No complete bathroom

• Less than 1,500 square feet of detached one-family or

mobile homes

• Well serving 1 to 5 units

• Mobile homes in a group

• Area within 300 feet includes open space, park, farm, or

ranch

• Septic tank, cesspool, chemical toilet

• Five or more acres in lot size

• No bedroom

• Lacking complete kitchen facilities

• Lacking some plumbing facilities

• No flush toilet

• Major street repairs needed

8

This minimum formula is based on the binomial 90-percent

confidence interval on zero U x (1−.13.85/U) =9 (where U is the

total number of homes from the AHS). For a 95-percent confidence interval, substitute .05 for .1 in the above formula. For a

99-percent confidence interval, substitute .01 for .1. More discussion and other approximations are in the paper ‘‘Sampling Errors

for Small Groups’’ available from HUD USER (see ‘‘Where to Get

AHS Data’’).

D-4 APPENDIX D

U.S. Census Bureau
Table R1. Errors for Incomplete Data Bias for 1997

AHS-N

[Numbers in thousands]

When the AHS gives one of

the following numbers−

The chances are 90 percent that the

complete value1 is inside the range of

plus or minus

0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220

10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221

100 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226

1,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280

2,500 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369

5,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 518

10,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 815

25,000 .................... 1,708

50,000 .................... 3,195

75,000 .................... 2,422

100,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 934

112,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220

1

‘‘Complete value’’ means the value derived if there were no missing

data.

Table R2. Errors for Incomplete Data Bias for 1998 AHS-MS

[Numbers in thousands]

Size of estimate Baltimore,

MD

Birmingham,

AL

Boston,

MA-NH

Cincinnati,

OH-KY-IN

Houston,

TX

MinneapolisSt. Paul,

MN-WI

NorfolkVirginia BeachNewport News,

VA-NC

Oakland,

CA

0 2.0 0.8 2.6 1.3 3.0 2.3 1.2 1.8

10 2.6 1.4 3.2 1.9 3.6 2.9 1.8 2.4

100 8.0 6.7 8.6 7.2 9.0 8.2 7.2 7.7

250 16.9 9.3 17.5 16.2 17.9 17.1 16.1 16.6

500 31.8 NA 32.4 10.1 32.8 32.0 9.1 25.3

750 18.6 NA 38.1 NA 47.7 26.1 NA 10.4

1,000 3.7 NA 23.2 NA 35.6 11.2 NA NA

1,250 NA NA 8.4 NA 20.7 NA NA NA

1,500 NA NA NA NA 5.9 NA NA NA

1,600 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA

NA means no error estimates are provided because the estimate is larger than the estimated total number of housing units in the MSA.

Table R2. Errors for Incomplete Data Bias for 1998 AHS-MS—Con.

[Numbers in thousands]

Size of estimate

ProvidencePawtucketWarwick,

RI-MA

Rochester,

NY

Salt Lake CityUTSan Francisco,

CA

San Jose,

CA

TampaSt. PetersburgFL

Washington,

DC-MD-VA

0 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.4 1.2 2.2 3.6

10 1.4 1.5 1.5 2.0 1.8 2.8 4.2

100 6.8 6.8 6.8 7.3 7.1 8.2 9.5

250 10.7 12.7 12.4 16.3 16.0 17.1 18.5

500 NA NA NA 13.3 6.6 32.0 33.3

750 NA NA NA NA NA 25.4 48.2

1,000 NA NA NA NA NA 10.5 52.2

1,250 NA NA NA NA NA NA 37.4

1,500 NA NA NA NA NA NA 22.5

1,600 NA NA NA NA NA NA 16.5

NA means no error estimates are provided because the estimate is larger than the estimated total number of housing units in the MSA.

APPENDIX D D-5

U.S. Census Bureau
Table S. Different Answers a Month Apart

Item Level of inconsistency1 Confidence interval 2 When measured 3

ITEMS WITH HIGHLY UNRELIABLE ANSWERS

Other kinds of heating equipment (central warm-air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 (73 - 100) 89-MS

Mortgage payment includes anything else (first mortgage) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 (72 - 111) 90-MS

Water came in from other places . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 (64 - 100) 89-MS

Moved for other, financial/employment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 (62 - 104) 85-MS

Moved for other, housing related . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 (65 - 97) 85-MS

Poor city/county service in neighborhood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 (63 - 95) 89-MS

Police protection problem in neighborhood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 (63 - 95) 89-MS

Number of business rooms with direct access to outside . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 (63 - 91) 95-N

Moved for other reasons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 (64 - 85) 85-MS

Number of other rooms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 (64 - 83) 95-N

Difficulty hearing with or without a hearing aid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 (59 - 88) 95-N

Rooms used both as business space and for something else . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 (62 - 80) 95-N

Cost for routine repairs and maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 (65 - 75) 95-N

Moved for better quality house . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 (58 - 82) 85-MS

Moved for other family/personal related . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 (54 - 86) 85-MS

Cost for water supply and sewage disposal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 (61 - 76) 81-N

Lower cost State or local mortgage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 (54 - 83) 95-N

Other problem in neighborhood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 (61 - 74) 89-MS

Number of living rooms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 (53 - 82) 95-N

Shed, detached garage, or other building added or replaced in

last 2 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 (49 - 88) 95-N

Water safe for drinking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 (56 - 77) 95-N

Undesirable industries/businesses in neighborhood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 (54 - 82) 89-MS

Difficulty reaching kitchen facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 (49 - 87) 95-N

Number of family rooms, dens, recreation rooms and/or libraries . . . . . . . . . 65 (57 - 75) 95-N

Rats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 (54 - 69) 89-MS

Difficulty opening, closing, or going through any doors of home . . . . . . . . . . 64 (46 - 87) 95-N

Noise in neighborhood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 (57 - 72) 89-MS

Difficulty moving between rooms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 (49 - 84) 95-N

Number of business rooms without direct access to outside . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 (54 - 76) 95-N

Peeling paint on the ceiling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 (49 - 80) 81-N

Other kinds of heating equipment (none) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 (60 - 67) 89-MS

How LIKELY to move to place prefer to live in 5 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 (54 - 71) 85-MS

Difficulty reaching bathroom facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 (47 - 82) 95-N

Other kinds of heating equipment (unvented room) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 (45 - 86) 89-MS

Difficulty seeing with or without glasses or contact lenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 (49 - 72) 95-N

How LIKELY to still be living in this unit in 5 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 (49 - 74) 85-MS

Gross income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 Not available 82-MS

Number of days worked at home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 (49 - 72) 95-N

Patio, terrace, or detached deck added or replaced in last 2 years . . . . . . . 58 (42 - 81) 95-N

Electric fuses or breaker switches blown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 (50 - 68) 81-N

Open cracks or holes in building . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 (47 - 72) 81-N

People in neighborhood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 (52 - 62) 89-MS

Other major repairs over $500 each—repair done . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 (50 - 64) 85-MS

Work done in last 2 years to attic, basement, garage, or unfinished

area of home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 (44 - 71) 95-N

Difficulty going up and down steps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 (46 - 69) 95-N

Central air conditioning/dehumidifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 Not available 80-N

Satisfactory police protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 (49 - 62) 77-N

Moved for lower rent or less expensive house to maintain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 (43 - 70) 85-MS

Broken plaster or peeling paint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 (46 - 65) 89-MS

Water came in from walls, doors, windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 (45 - 67) 89-MS

A working electric wall outlet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 (42 - 71) 77-N

Home equity loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 (48 - 64) 95-N

Other kinds of heating equipment (fireplace with no insert). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 (49 - 59) 89-MS

Shopping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 (47 - 61) 77-N

Special modifications, equipment, or assistance needed because

of physical limitation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 (44 - 66) 95-N

D-6 APPENDIX D

U.S. Census Bureau
Table S. Different Answers a Month Apart—Con.

Item Level of inconsistency1 Confidence interval 2 When measured 3

ITEMS WITH HIGHLY UNRELIABLE ANSWERS—Con.

Difficulty entering and exiting home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 (43 - 67) 95-N

Broken plaster on the ceiling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 (40 - 70) 81-N

Water came in from roof . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 (46 - 60) 89-MS

Driveways or walkways added or replaced in last 2 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 (42 - 67) 95-N

Difficulty with personal activities—bathing/showering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 (42 - 66) 95-N

Payments the same during whole length of the mortgage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 (46 - 59) 85-MS

Difficulty with personal activities—cooking and preparing food . . . . . . . . . . . 52 (41 - 66) 95-N

Other major repairs over $500 each—someone in household do work . . . . 51 (36 - 72) 85-MS

Number of hours worked at home as self-employed, contract worker,

or business owner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 (43 - 61) 95-N

Litter in neighborhood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 (44 - 60) 89-MS

Which best describes place at that time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 (46 - 55) 85-MS

Rate the place (10 categories) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 (49 - 53) 89-MS

Main reason moved . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 (47 - 55) 85-MS

Yearly cost for garbage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 (43 - 62) 81-N

ITEMS WITH MODERATELY RELIABLE ANSWERS

Holes in the floors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 (33 - 74) 81-N

Type of vacant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 (38 - 65) 81-N

Cookstove or range with oven . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 (39 - 64) 85-N

Public transportation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 (44 - 56) 77-N

Oil, coal, kerosene, wood and any other fuel cost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 (40 - 64) 81-N

Other kinds of heating equipment (other built-in electric) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 (38 - 66) 89-MS

Central air fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 (40 - 63) 85-N

At age 16, live in this area/different place . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 (44 - 57) 85-MS

Difficulty with personal activities—housework/laundry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 (41 - 61) 95-N

Do work at home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 (43 - 58) 95-N

Traffic in neighborhood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 (43 - 54) 89-MS

Moved to establish own household . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 (38 - 59) 85-MS

Rate the place (categories 1-6 combined) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 (46 - 51) 89-MS

Fencing or walls added or replaced in last 2 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 (37 - 61) 95-N

Drive to work alone or with others . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 (38 - 59) 95-N

Real estate taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 (33 - 67) 81-N

Other kinds of heating equipment (portable electric) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 (41 - 54) 89-MS

Central air conditioning/none . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 Not available 80-N

Crime in neighborhood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 (41 - 53) 89-MS

Bathroom or kitchen remodeled in last 2 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 (39 - 54) 95-N

Fixed place of work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 (37 - 57) 95-N

Any additions built—repair done . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 (35 - 61) 85-MS

Water came in from basement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 (38 - 55) 89-MS

Any other rooms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 (42 - 49) 95-N

Moved to change from owner to renter/renter to owner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 (36 - 55) 85-MS

Five years from now, would you prefer living in this area or

someplace else . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 (32 - 60) 80-N

Major equipment, such as furnace or central air replaced or

added—repair done . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 (35 - 55) 85-MS

Major disaster in last 2 years required repairs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 (31 - 60) 95-N

Water leaked into home from outdoors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 (39 - 47) 89-MS

Concealed wiring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 (33 - 57) 89-MS

Other kinds of heating equipment (fireplace with insert) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 (35 - 52) 89-MS

Rate the place (4 combined categories) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 (41 - 46) 89-MS

Difficulty with personal activities—grooming/dressing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 (30 - 60) 95-N

Siding replaced or added in last 2 years—repair done . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 (32 - 56) 85-MS

Moved to be closer to school/work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 (32 - 53) 85-MS

Yearly cost of insurance (reported in $100 increments to $1,000) . . . . . . . . 41 (38 - 44) 89-MS

Heat breakdown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 (30 - 56) 89-MS

Heating equipment broke down for 6 hours or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 (30 - 56) 89-MS

Public elementary school satisfactory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 (34 - 47) 89-MS

Cost for real estate taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 (35 - 46) 81-N

APPENDIX D D-7

U.S. Census Bureau
Table S. Different Answers a Month Apart—Con.

Item Level of inconsistency1 Confidence interval 2 When measured 3

ITEMS WITH MODERATELY RELIABLE ANSWERS—Con.

Mice or rats or signs of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Not available 76-N

House/apartment cold for 24 hours . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 (36 - 45) 89-MS

Central air conditioning/portable fan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Not available 80-N

Current mortgage same year as bought home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 (27 - 56) 85-MS

Mode of transportation to work last week . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 (31 - 46) 95-N

Anything about the neighborhood that bothers you . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 (35 - 41) 89-MS

Prefer to be living in another home in this area in 5 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 (31 - 48) 85-MS

Change in taxes/insurance/principal balance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 (28 - 51) 85-MS

Number of mortgages on home/property . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 (28 - 47) 95-N

Other kinds of heating equipment (stove) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 (28 - 47) 89-MS

Costs for gas for the month of August . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 (24 - 54) 89-N

Bathrooms remodeled or added—repair done . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 (28 - 45) 85-MS

All or part of roof replaced in last 2 years—repair done . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 (29 - 42) 85-MS

Married, widowed, divorced, or separated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Not available 85-MS

Number of dining rooms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 (32 - 38) 95-N

Highest level of school/degree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 (32 - 35) 95-N

New storm doors or storm windows bought and installed—repair done . . . 33 (27 - 41) 85-MS

Moved because needed larger house or apartment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 (26 - 41) 85-MS

Number of homes source of water serving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 (22 - 49) 95-N

Insulation added—repair done . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 (25 - 44) 85-MS

Kitchen remodeled or added - repair done . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 (25 - 41) 85-MS

House and lot sell on today’s market . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 (29 - 34) 90-MS

Moved for new job or job transfer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 (22 - 39) 85-MS

Average monthly cost for gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 (23 - 37) 89-N

Average monthly cost for electricity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 (24 - 34) 89-N

Type of mortgage (for the first mortgage/loan) (nonCATI)4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 (21 - 36) 89-N

Change based on interest rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 (18 - 38) 85-MS

Year the building was built . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Not available 85-MS

All or part of roof replaced in last 2 years—someone in household

do work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 (15 - 44) 85-MS

Number of family rooms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 (21 - 30) 85-N

Mortgage payment include homeowner’s insurance (first mortgage) . . . . . . 24 (21 - 27) 90-MS

Prefer to be living in this house/apartment/someplace else . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 (20 - 29) 85-MS

Number of half bathrooms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 (20 - 27) 95-N

Clothes washer age . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 (19 - 25) 85-N

How many years for mortgage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 (17 - 29) 85-MS

ITEMS WITH HIGHLY RELIABLE ANSWERS

Attend a public school or a private school . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 (15 - 25) 89-MS

New storm doors or storm windows bought and installed—someone

in household do work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 (11 - 35) 85-MS

Garbage disposal age . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 (15 - 22) 85-N

Refrigerator age . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 (16 - 20) 85-N

Heating equipment broke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 (9 - 34) 89-MS

Clothes dryer age . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 (15 - 21) 85-N

Oven/cooking burner age . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 (16 - 21) 85-N

Monthly payment (first mortgage) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 (14 - 18) 90-MS

Insulation added—someone in household do work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 (8 - 33) 85-MS

New storm doors or storm windows bought and installed—job cost . . . . . . 15 (8 - 32) 85-MS

Mortgage payment include property tax (first mortgage) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 (12 - 18) 90-MS

New/assumed mortgage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 (11 - 22) 85-MS

How much was borrowed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 (11 - 18) 85-MS

Monthly payment (for first mortgage/loan) (non-CATI)4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 (11 - 19) 89-N

Mortgage, home equity loan or other loan on this house/ apartment . . . . . . 14 (11 - 17) 95-N

Dishwasher age . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 (11 - 17) 85-N

Number of full bathrooms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 (11 - 15) 95-N

Where was mortgage borrowed (non-CATI)4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 (7 - 28) 89-N

How much was borrowed (for the first mortgage/loan) (non-CATI)4 . . . . . . . 13 (10 - 17) 89-N

Number of bedrooms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 (11 - 14) 95-N

D-8 APPENDIX D

U.S. Census Bureau
Table S. Different Answers a Month Apart—Con.

Item Level of inconsistency1 Confidence interval 2 When measured 3

ITEMS WITH HIGHLY RELIABLE ANSWERS—Con.

Clothes dryer fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 (9 - 14) 85-N

Have property insurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 (10 - 14) 89-MS

Number of room air conditioners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 (9 - 15) 85-N

Room air conditioners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 (8 - 12) 85-N

Interest rate on the mortgage (for the first mortgage/loan) (non-CATI)4 . . . 10 (7 - 15) 89-N

Source of water serving 15 or more homes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 (8 - 13) 95-N

Kitchen remodeled or added—someone in household do work . . . . . . . . . . 9 (3 - 26) 85-MS

Number of units in building . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 (6 - 9) 85-N

Clothes washer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 (6 - 9) 85-N

Living quarters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 (6 - 9) 85-N

Source of water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 (6 -11) 95-N

Dishwasher . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 (5 - 7) 85-N

Garbage disposal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 (4 - 7) 85-N

Number of apartments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 (4 - 8) 85-N

Central air conditioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 (4 - 6) 85-N

Clothes dryer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 (4 - 7) 85-N

Cooking fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 (4 - 6) 85-N

1

Levels are in percents. They are nearly the same as 100 minus the correlation between answers in the original interview and the reinterview a

month later. For example, an inconsistency of 80 means a correlation of 20 percent, which is not good. 2

Square brackets show 90-percent confidence intervals. Parentheses show 95-percent confidence intervals (used in 1988 and before).

3

Measured in national surveys (N) or metropolitan surveys (MS).

4

CATI is computer-assisted telephone interviewing; where shown, inconsistency was measured separately for CATI and non-CATI interviews.

Table T. 1997 AHS-N Errors From Sampling

[Numbers in thousands]

When the AHS gives one of

the following numbers−

The chances are 90 percent that the

actual value is inside the range of plus

or minus

0......................... 9

10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

100 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

1,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101

2,500 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159

5,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222

10,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307

25,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 449

50,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 538

75,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 512

100,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348

112,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112

Source: These errors were computed based on a formula in Table V

with high error. This table represents a conservative example.

APPENDIX D D-9

U.S. Census Bureau
Table U. Formulas for 90-percent Confidence Intervals1 for the 1998 AHS-MS

MSA The formula is:

Baltimore, MD

Mobile home estimates ............................................ 1.64 x (.405xA)(.024994 x A2

)

All other estimates2 ............................................... 1.64 x (.270xA)(.000263 x A2

)

Birmingham, AL

Mobile home estimates ............................................ 1.64 x (.180xA)(.005367 x A2

)

All other estimates2 ............................................... 1.64 x (.105xA)(.000266 x A2

)

Boston, MA-NH

Mobile home estimates ............................................ 1.64 x (.515xA)(.037632 x A2

)

All other estimates2 ............................................... 1.64 x (.370xA)(.000275 x A2

)

Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN

Mobile home estimates ............................................ 1.64 x (.315xA)(.014593 x A2

)

All other estimates2 ............................................... 1.64 x (.185xA)(.000286 x A2

)

Houston, TX

Mobile home estimates ............................................ 1.64 x (.620xA)(.009146 x A2

)

All other estimates2 ............................................... 1.64 x (.390xA)(.000252 x A2

)

Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN-WI .........................................

Mobile home estimates ............................................ 1.64 x (.445xA)(.015859 x A2

)

All other estimates2 ............................................... 1.64 x (.300xA)(.000261 x A2

)

Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News, VA-NC

Mobile home estimates ............................................ 1.64 x (.255xA)(.010117 x A2

)

All other estimates2 ............................................... 1.64 x (.160xA)(.000253 x A2

)

Oakland, CA

Mobile home estimates ............................................ 1.64 x (.320xA)(.019269 x A2

)

All other estimates2 ............................................... 1.64 x (.230xA)(.000257 x A2

)

Providence-Pawtucket-Warwick, RI-MA

Mobile home estimates ............................................ 1.64 x (.165xA)(.029162 x A2

)

All other estimates2 ............................................... 1.64 x (.110xA)(.000265 x A2

)

Rochester, NY

Mobile home estimates ............................................ 1.64 x (.175xA)(.008538 x A2

)

All other estimates2 ............................................... 1.64 x (.120xA)(.000268 x A2

)

Salt Lake City, UT

Mobile home estimates ............................................ 1.64 x (.115xA)(.007892 x A2

)

All other estimates2 ............................................... 1.64 x (.115xA)(.000259 x A2

)

San Francisco, CA

Mobile home estimates ............................................ 1.64 x (.235xA)(.039167 x A2

)

All other estimates2 ............................................... 1.64 x (.185xA)(.000264 x A2

)

San Jose, CA

Mobile home estimates ............................................ 1.64 x (.150xA)(.006167 x A2

)

All other estimates2 ............................................... 1.64 x (.150xA)(.000254 x A2

)

D-10 APPENDIX D

U.S. Census Bureau
Table U. Formulas for 90-percent Confidence Intervals1 for the 1998 AHS-MS—Con.

MSA The formula is:

Tampa-St. Petersburg, FL

Mobile home estimates ............................................ 1.64 x (.375xA)(.001870 x A2

)

All other estimates2 ............................................... 1.64 x (.290xA)(.000255 x A2

)

Washington, DC-MD-VA

Mobile home estimates ............................................ 1.64 x (.740xA)(.046204 x A2

)

All other estimates2 ............................................... 1.64 x (.465xA)(.000256 x A2

)

1

The formulas in the text are based on 1.64 times the errors from sampling. This formula gives 90-percent confidence interval errors. For

95-percent confidence interval errors, multiply by 1.96 instead of 1.64; for 99-percent confidence, multiply by 2.58 instead of 1.64. 2

Some items (for example, characteristic of total housing units) may involve housing units from both the mobile home and nonmobile home universe. The formulas for all other estimates should be used for these items. The formulas for mobile home estimates should be used for items that

only involve housing units from the mobile home universe.

Table V. Formulas for 90-Percent Confidence Intervals for 1997 AHS-N

Characteristics General formulas—

All characteristics except those

listed under other formulas

Other formulas

Fuels, heating/cooling equipment

and neighborhood characteristics Special characteristics

Total units, Midwest, West,

elderly, Black, new

construction, mobile homes,

vacants . . . .................. 1.64 x3.16 x A  0.000028 x A2 1.64 x3.16 x A  0.000028 x A2 1.64 x3.85 x A + 0.000255 x A2

Northeast, central city,

Hispanic, urban, suburbs ..... 1.64 x2.51 x A  .000022 x A2 1.64 x2.51 x A  .000022 x A2 1.64 x3.85 x A + 0.000255 x A2

Rural, South, outside (P)MSAs . 1.64 x3.02 x A  0.000027 x A2 1.64 x3.85 x A  0.000034 x A2 1.64 x3.85 x A + 0.000255 x A2

APPENDIX D D-11

U.S. Census Bureau
Table W. 1998 AHS-MS Errors From Sampling to Compute a 90-Percent Confidence Interval

[Numbers in thousands]

Size of estimate Baltimore,

MD

Birmingham,

AL

Boston,

MA-NH

Cincinnati,

OH-KY-IN

Houston,

TX

MinneapolisSt.Paul,

MN-WI

NorfolkVirginia BeachNewport News,

VA-NC

Oakland,

CA

0 0.6 0.2 0.9 0.4 0.9 0.7 0.4 0.5

1 0.9 0.5 1.0 0.7 1.0 0.9 0.7 0.8

5 1.9 1.2 2.2 1.6 2.3 2.0 1.5 1.8

10 2.7 1.7 3.1 2.2 3.2 2.8 2.1 2.5

25 4.2 2.6 4.9 3.5 5.1 4.4 3.2 3.9

50 5.9 3.5 6.9 4.8 7.1 6.2 4.5 5.4

100 8.1 4.6 9.6 6.5 9.9 8.6 6.0 7.4

300 12.4 4.5 15.2 8.9 15.9 13.4 8.2 11.1

500 13.6 NA 17.7 7.5 18.8 15.1 6.7 11.7

700 12.7 NA 18.3 NA 20.1 14.9 NA 9.7

1,000 4.3 NA 16.0 NA 19.3 10.2 NA NA

1,200 NA NA 11.4 NA 16.8 NA NA NA

1,400 NA NA NA NA 11.8 NA NA NA

1,600 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA

1,800 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA

NA means no error estimates are provided because the estimate is larger than the estimated total number of housing units in the MSA.

Table W. 1998 AHS-MS Errors From Sampling to Compute a 90-Percent Confidence Interval—Con.

[Numbers in thousands]

Size of estimate

ProvidencePawtucketWarwick,

RI-MA

Rochester,

NY

Salt Lake CityUTSan Francisco,

CA

San Jose,

CA

TampaSt. PetersburgFL

Washington,

DC-MD-VA

0 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.7 1.1

1 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.9 1.1

5 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.6 1.4 2.0 2.5

10 1.7 1.8 1.7 2.2 2.0 2.8 3.5

25 2.6 2.8 2.7 3.5 3.1 4.4 5.6

50 3.6 3.8 3.7 4.8 4.3 6.1 7.8

100 4.7 5.0 4.9 6.5 5.8 8.4 10.9

300 5.0 5.7 5.5 9.2 7.7 13.1 17.7

500 NA NA NA 8.4 5.6 14.8 21.3

700 NA NA NA 0.6 NA 14.5 23.2

1,000 NA NA NA NA NA 9.7 23.7

1,200 NA NA NA NA NA NA 22.6

1,400 NA NA NA NA NA NA 20.0

1,600 NA NA NA NA NA NA 15.4

1,800 NA NA NA NA NA NA 4.5

NA means no error estimates are provided because the estimate is larger than the estimated total number of housing units in the MSA.

D-12 APPENDIX D

U.S. Census Bureau
Table X. Formulas for 90-percent Confidence Intervals Associated With a Percentage

MSA and estimates type The formula is:1

Baltimore, MD

Mobile home estimates ............................................ 1.64 x (.405 x p x (100−p))/A

All other estimates2 ............................................... 1.64 x (.270 x p x (100−p))/A

Birmingham, AL

Mobile home estimates ............................................ 1.64 x (.180 x p x (100−p))/A

All other estimates2 ............................................... 1.64 x (.105 x p x (100−p))/A

Boston, MA-NH

Mobile home estimates ............................................ 1.64 x (.515 x p x (100−p))/A

All other estimates2 ............................................... 1.64 x (.370 x p x (100−p))/A

Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN

Mobile home estimates ............................................ 1.64 x (.315 x p x (100−p))/A

All other estimates2 ............................................... 1.64 x (.185 x p x (100−p))/A

Houston, TX

Mobile home estimates ............................................ 1.64 x (.620 x p x (100−p))/A

All other estimates2 ............................................... 1.64 x (.390 x p x (100−p))/A

Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN-WI .........................................

Mobile home estimates ............................................ 1.64 x (.445 x p x (100−p))/A

All other estimates2 ............................................... 1.64 x (.300 x p x (100−p))/A

Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News, VA-NC

Mobile home estimates ............................................ 1.64 x (.255 x p x (100−p))/A

All other estimates2 ............................................... 1.64 x (.160 x p x (100−p))/A

Oakland, CA

Mobile home estimates ............................................ 1.64 x (.320 x p x (100−p))/A

All other estimates2 ............................................... 1.64 x (.230 x p x (100−p))/A

Providence-Pawtucket-Warwick, RI-MA

Mobile home estimates ............................................ 1.64 x (.165 x p x (100−p))/A

All other estimates2 ............................................... 1.64 x (.110 x p x (100−p))/A

Rochester, NY

Mobile home estimates ............................................ 1.64 x (.175 x p x (100−p))/A

All other estimates2 ............................................... 1.64 x (.120 x p x (100−p))/A

Salt Lake City, UT

Mobile home estimates ............................................ 1.64 x (.115 x p x (100−p))/A

All other estimates2 ............................................... 1.64 x (.115 x p x (100−p))/A

San Francisco, CA

Mobile home estimates ............................................ 1.64 x (.235 x p x (100−p))/A

All other estimates2 ............................................... 1.64 x (.185 x p x (100−p))/A

San Jose, CA

Mobile home estimates ............................................ 1.64 x (.150 x p x (100−p))/A

All other estimates2 ............................................... 1.64 x (.150 x p x (100−p))/A

APPENDIX D D-13

U.S. Census Bureau
Table X. Formulas for 90-percent Confidence Intervals Associated With a Percentage—Con.

MSA and estimates type The formula is:1

Tampa-St. Petersburg, FL

Mobile home estimates ............................................ 1.64 x (.375 x p x (100−p))/A

All other estimates2 ............................................... 1.64 x (.290 x p x (100−p))/A

Washington, DC-MD-VA

Mobile home estimates ............................................ 1.64 x (.740 x p x (100−p))/A

All other estimates2 ............................................... 1.64 x (.465 x p x (100−p))/A

1

These formulas are equivalent to 1.64 x (p x (1−p)) /n. For example, for all other estimates in the Baltimore, MD, metropolitan area, .27/A

adjusts the data to the effective sample size. 2

Some items (for example, characteristic of total housing units) may involve housing units from both the mobile home and nonmobile home universe. The formulas for all other estimates should be used for these items. The formulas for mobile home estimates should be used for items that

only involve housing units from the mobile home universe.

D-14 APPENDIX D

U.S. Census Bureau
Table Y. Calculation of the 90-Percent Confidence Interval for Medians

In the following example, cost data are used to calculate the 90-percent confidence interval for medians (all numbers are in thousands):

Cumulative number of

housing units

Total housing units 321.6

Less than $500 109.3 109.3

$500 to $599 24.7 134.0

$600 to $699 21.6 155.6

$700 to $799 28.9 184.5

$800 or more 112.8 297.3

Not reported 24.4

Median $668

Item

Formula

Bottom limit Top limit

Example Your data Example Your data

How many total units is the median based

on (in thousands, exclude ‘‘not

reported’’ and ‘‘no cash rent’’)? . . . . . . . . . A 297.3

Half the total, for the median (in thousands). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A/2 148.65

Error from sampling for 50 percent of the

base of this median (first line)1 ......... 42.6/ A 2.47

Multiply this percentage error by .01 to

turn it into a fraction and by total units

to give the error in housing units........ .426A 7.35

Bottom of error range (second line minus

fourth line, in thousands)............... Bbottom *141.3

Top of error range (second line plus fourth

line, in thousands) .................... Btop *156

* Start adding up the housing units in the

table, category by category, cumulatively from the beginning of the table,

until you exceed the starred number

above. What interval does the starred

number fall in? ...................... $600-699 $700-799

How many housing units are in all the

categories before this one (in thousands)?.............................. C 134.0 155.6

How many housing units are in this category (in thousands)? ................. D 21.6 28.9

What is the bottom limit of this category

(in dollars, rooms, or whatever the item

measures)? .......................... E $600 $700

What is the bottom limit of the next category (in dollars, rooms, etc)? .......... F $700 $800

Formula to calculate limits of confidence

interval ..............................

BC

D FEE

141.3 134.0

21.6 100600

156 155.6

28.9 100700

Limits of confidence interval (in dollars,

rooms, etc.) .......................... $634 $701

* Starting with the starred step, this worksheet is equivalent to interpolation, for those who are familiar with this term.

1

Statistical note: This formula is based on the error from sampling for 50 percent (using the appropriate formula,

1.64 x .405 x 50 x (10050)/A = 52.2A for medians involving estimates of only mobile homes in Baltimore, MD, metropolitan area. For medians involving all other estimates in the Baltimore, MD, metropolitan area, use 42.6/A. Refer to the Percents section of this appendix for the appropriate formula for AHS-N. Refer to Table X for the appropriate formula for AHS-MS.

APPENDIX D D-15

U.S. Census Bureau
Index for Tables and Appendixes

Accuracy, nonsampling: definition Appendix D, Errors

Accuracy, sampling: definition Appendix D, Errors

Acreage: vacant homes 1-3, comparisons 2-3, 2-17, 2-18,

owners 3-3, 3-17, 3-18, renters 4-3, 4-17, 4-18, Blacks

5-3, 5-17, 5-18, Hispanics 6-3, 6-17, 6-18, definition

Appendix A ‘‘Lot size’’

Adjustable mortgages: comparisons 2-19, owners 3-15,

3-19, Blacks 5-15, 5-19, Hispanics 6-15, 6-19, definition

Appendix A ‘‘Payment plans of primary and secondary

mortgages’’

Adult and single children under 18 years old: comparisons 2-9, owners 3-9, renters 4-9, Blacks 5-9, Hispanics 6-9, definition Appendix A ‘‘Household composition’’

Adult children: comparison 2-9, owners 3-9, renters 4-9,

Blacks 5-9, Hispanics 6-9, definition Appendix A ‘‘Persons

other than spouse or children’’

AFDC (welfare): comparisons 2-12, owners 3-12, renters

4-12, Blacks 5-12, Hispanics 6-12, definition Appendix A

‘‘Income’’

African American (Blacks): column heading in most

tables, comparisons 2-1, owners 3-1, renters 4-1, Blacks

5-1, Hispanics 6-1, definition Appendixes A and C ‘‘Race’’

Age of building (year structure built): column heading in most tables, vacant homes 1-1, comparisons 2-1,

2-20, 2-21, 2-23, owners 3-1, 3-20, 3-21, 3-22, 3-23,

renters 4-1, 4-20, 4-21, 4-23, Blacks 5-1, 5-20, 5-21,

5-22, 5-23, Hispanics 6-1, 6-20, 6-21, 6-22, 6-23, definition: Appendix A ‘‘Year structure built’’

Age of children: comparisons 2-9, 2-20, 2-21, owners

3-9, 3-20, 3-21, 3-22, renters 4-9, 4-20, 4-21, Blacks 5-9,

5-20, 5-21, 5-22, Hispanics 6-9, 6-20, 6-21, 6-22, definition Appendix A ‘‘Household composition’’

Age of householder: comparisons 2-9, 2-20, 2-21, 2-23,

owners 3-9, 3-20, 3-21, 3-22, 3-23, renters 4-9, 4-20,

4-21, 4-23, Blacks 5-9, 5-20, 5-21, 5-22, 5-23, Hispanics

6-9, 6-20, 6-21, 6-22, 6-23, definition Appendix A ‘‘Age

of householder’’

Age of nearby buildings, approximate: (see Age of

other residential buildings within 300 feet)

Age of other residential buildings within 300 feet:

vacant homes 1-6, comparison 2-8, owners 3-8, renters

4-8, Blacks 5-8, Hispanics 6-8, definition Appendix A

‘‘Age of other residential buildings within 300 feet,’’

Appendix C ‘‘Buildings and neighborhood’’

Air conditioning equipment: vacant homes 1-4, comparisons 2-4, 2-23, owners 3-4, 3-23, renters 4-4, 4-23,

Blacks 5-4, 4-23, Hispanics 6-4, 6-23, definition Appendix A ‘‘Equipment’’

Air conditioning fuel: vacant homes 1-5, comparisons

2-5, 2-23, owners 3-5, 3-23, renters 4-5, 4-23, Blacks

5-5, 5-23, Hispanics 6-5, 6-23, definition Appendix A

‘‘Fuels’’

Air conditioning needs: see Appendix A ‘‘Heating and

cooling degree days’’

Airport, highway or railroad nearby: vacant homes

1-6, comparisons 2-8, owners 3-8, renters 4-8, Blacks

5-8, Hispanics 6-8, definition Appendix A ‘‘Description of

area within 300 feet,’’ Appendix C ‘‘Buildings and neighborhood’’

Alimony: comparisons 2-12, owners 3-12, renters 4-12,

Blacks 5-12, Hispanics 6-12, definition Appendix A

‘‘Income’’

Aleut: comparisons 2-1, 2-23, owners 3-1, 3-23, renters

4-1, 4-23, Blacks 5-1, 5-23. Hispanics 6-1, 6-23, definition Appendix A ‘‘Race’’

Amenities, selected: vacant homes 1-6, comparisons

2-7, 2-23, owners 3-7, 3-23, renters 4-7, 4-23, Blacks

5-7, 5-23, Hispanics 6-7, 6-23, definition Appendix A

‘‘Selected amenities’’

American Indian: comparisons 2-1, 2-23, owners 3-1,

3-23, renters 4-1, 4-23, Blacks 5-1, 5-23, Hispanics 6-1,

6-23, definition Appendix A ‘‘Race’’

Amount of savings and investments: comparisons

2-12, owners 3-12, renters 4-12, Blacks 5-12, Hispanics

6-12, definition Appendix A ‘‘Amount of savings and

investments’’

Amount taxes paid per $1,000 value: vacant homes

1-7, comparisons 2-13, owners 3-13, Blacks 5-13, Hispanics 6-13, definition Appendix A ‘‘Annual taxes paid

per $1,000 value’’

INDEX FOR TABLES AND APPENDIXES Index-1

U.S. Census Bureau
Apartment building: vacant homes 1-1, comparisons

2-1, 2-20, 2-21, 2-23, owners 3-1, 3-20, 3-21, 3-23, renters 4-1, 4-20, 4-21, 4-23, Blacks 5-1, 5-20, 5-21, 5-23,

Hispanics 6-1, 6-20, 6-21, 6-23, definition Appendix A

‘‘Housing units’’

Apartment building, former home: comparisons 2-10,

owners 3-10, renters 4-10, Blacks 5-10, Hispanics 6-10,

Appendix A ‘‘Structure type of previous residence’’

Apartments, efficiency: vacant homes 1-3, comparisons

2-3, 2-17, 2-18, 2-20, 2-21, 2-23, owners 3-3, 3-17, 3-18,

3-20, 3-21, 3-22, 3-23, renters 4-3, 4-17, 4-18, 4-20,

4-21, 4-23, Blacks 5-3, 5-17, 5-18, 5-20, 5-21, 5-22,

5-23, Hispanics 6-3, 6-17, 6-18, 6-20, 6-21, 6-22, 6-23,

definition Appendix A ‘‘Rooms’’

Apartments, home search: comparisons 2-11, owners

3-11, renters 4-11, Blacks 5-11, Hispanics 6-11, definition Appendix A ‘‘Choice of present home and home

search’’

Appearance of home (reason to live here): comparisons 2-11, owners 3-11, renters 4-11, Blacks 5-11, Hispanics 6-11, definition Appendix A ‘‘Choice of present

home and home search’’

Appearance of neighborhood (reason to live here):

comparisons 2-11, owners 3-11, renters 4-11, Blacks

5-11, Hispanics 6-11, definition Appendix A ‘‘Choice of

present neighborhood’’

ARM (adjustable rate mortgage): comparisons 2-19,

owners 3-15, 3-19, Blacks 5-15, 5-19, Hispanics 6-15,

6-19, definition Appendix A ‘‘Payment plans of primary

and secondary mortgages’’

Asian: comparison 2-1, 2-23, owners 3-1, 3-23, renters

4-1, 4-23, Blacks 5-1, 5-23, Hispanics 6-1, 6-23, definition Appendix A ‘‘Race’’

Assistance for food (food stamps): comparisons 2-12,

owners 3-12, renters 4-12, Blacks 5-12, Hispanics 6-12,

definition Appendix A ‘‘Income’’

Assisted housing (mortgages): owners 3-15, Blacks

5-15, Hispanics 6-15, definition Appendix A ‘‘Lower cost

state and local mortgages’’

Assisted housing (rentals): vacant homes 1-7, comparisons 2-12, 2-20, 2-21, renters 4-12, 4-20, 4-21,

Blacks 5-12, 5-20, 5-21, Hispanics 6-12, 6-20, 6-21, definition Appendix A ‘‘Rent reductions’’

Assumed mortgage: comparisons 2-19, owners 3-15,

3-19, Blacks 5-15, 5-19, Hispanics 6-15, 6-19, definition

Appendix A ‘‘Mortgage origination’’

Balcony: vacant homes 1-6, comparisons 2-7, 2-23, owners 3-7, 3-23, renters 4-7, 4-23, Blacks 5-7, 5-23, Hispanics 6-7, 6-23, definition Appendix A ‘‘Selected amenities’’

Balloon mortgages: comparisons 2-19, owners 3-15,

3-19, Blacks 5-15, 5-19, Hispanics 6-15, 6-19, definition

Appendix A ‘‘Payment plans of primary and secondary

mortgages’’

Bars on windows, nearby buildings: vacant homes

1-6, comparisons 2-8, owners 3-8, renters 4-8, Blacks

5-8, Hispanics 6-8, definition Appendix A ‘‘Bars on windows of buildings,’’ Appendix C ‘‘Buildings and neighborhood’’

Bars on windows, this building: vacant homes 1-2,

comparisons 2-2, owners 3-2, renters 4-2, Blacks 5-2,

Hispanics 6-2, Appendix A ‘‘External building conditions,’’ Appendix C ‘‘Buildings and neighborhood’’

Basement leaked: comparisons 2-7, owners 3-7, renters

4-7, Blacks 5-7, Hispanics 6-7, definition Appendix A

‘‘Physical problems’’

Basement, type of: vacant homes 1-2, comparisons 2-2,

owners 3-2, renters 4-2, Blacks 5-2, Hispanics 6-2, definition Appendix A ‘‘Foundation’’

Bathrooms: vacant homes 1-3, comparisons 2-3, 2-17,

2-18, 2-20, 2-21, 2-23, owners 3-3, 3-17, 3-18, 3-20,

3-21, 3-22, 3-23, renters 4-3, 4-17, 4-18, 4-20, 4-21,

4-23, Blacks 5-3, 5-17, 5-18, 5-20, 5-21, 5-22, 5-23 Hispanics 6-3, 6-17, 6-18, 6-20, 6-21, 6-22, 6-23, definition

Appendix A ‘‘Complete bathrooms,’’ Appendix C ‘‘Plumbing facilities’’

Bathtub or shower: vacant homes 1-4, comparisons 2-4,

2-23, owners 3-4, 3-23, renters 4-4, 4-23, Blacks 5-4,

5-23, Hispanics 6-4, 6-23, definition Appendix A ‘‘Complete bathrooms,’’ Appendix C ‘‘Plumbing’’

Bay nearby (body of water): vacant homes 1-6, comparisons 2-8, owners 3-8, renters 4-8, Blacks 5-8, Hispanics 6-8, definition Appendix A ‘‘Description of area within

300 feet,’’ Appendix C ‘‘Buildings and neighborhood’’

Bedrooms: vacant homes 1-3, comparisons 2-3, 2-17,

2-18, 2-20, 2-21, 2-23, owners 3-3, 3-17, 3-18, 3-20,

3-21, 3-22, 3-23, renters 4-3, 4-17, 4-18, 4-20, 4-21,

4-23, Blacks 5-3, 5-17, 5-18, 5-20, 5-21, 5-22, 5-23, Hispanics 6-3, 6-17, 6-18, 6-20, 6-21, 6-22, 6-23, definition

Appendix A ‘‘Bedrooms’’

Blacks: column heading in most tables, comparisons 2-1,

2-23, owners 3-1, 3-23, renters 4-1, 4-23, Blacks 5-1,

5-23, Hispanics 6-1, 6-23. definition Appendix A ‘‘Race’’

Body of water nearby: vacant homes 1-6, comparisons

2-8, owners 3-8, renters 4-8, Blacks 5-8, Hispanics 6-8,

definition Appendix A ‘‘Description of area within 300

feet,’’ Appendix C ‘‘Buildings and neighborhood’’

Borrowing for down payment: owners 3-14, Blacks

5-14, Hispanics 6-14, definition Appendix A ‘‘Major

source of down payment’’

Index-2 INDEX FOR TABLES AND APPENDIXES

U.S. Census Bureau
Bottled gas, cost: comparisons 2-13, owners 3-13, renters 4-13, Blacks 5-13, Hispanics 6-13, definition Appendix A ‘‘Monthly housing costs’’

Bottled gas, uses: comparisons 2-5, 2-20, 2-21, 2-23,

owners 3-5, 3-20, 3-21, 3-22, 3-23, renters 4-5, 4-20,

4-21, 4-23, Blacks 5-5, 5-20, 5-21, 5-22, 5-23, Hispanics

6-5, 6-20, 6-21, 6-22, 6-23, definition Appendix A ‘‘Fuels’’

Breakdown, electrical: see Fuses blown, Appendix A

‘‘Electric fuses and circuit breakers’’

Breakdown, heating or toilet: comparisons 2-6, owners

3-6, renters 4-6, Blacks 5-6, Hispanics 6-6, definition

Appendix A ‘‘Heating equipment and heating equipment

breakdown,’’ ‘‘Flush and flush toilet breakdowns’’

Breakdown, water supply or sewage system: comparisons 2-6, owners 3-6, renters 4-6, Blacks 5-6, Hispanics 6-6, definition Appendix A ‘‘Primary source of water

and water supply stoppage,’’ ‘‘Sewage disposal and sewage disposal breakdown’’

Bricks condition: vacant homes 1-2,comparisons 2-2,

owners 3-2, renters 4-2, Blacks 5-2, Hispanics 6-2, definition Appendix A ‘‘External building conditions,’’ Appendix C ‘‘Buildings and neighborhood’’

Broken into, buildings: definition Appendix A ‘‘Other

buildings vandalized or with interior exposed’’

Broken plaster: vacant homes 1-6, comparisons 2-7,

owners 3-7, renters 4-7, Blacks 5-7, Hispanics 6-7, definition Appendix A ‘‘Selected deficiencies’’

Broken siding, foundation, roof, windows: vacant

homes 1-2, comparisons 2-2, owners 3-2, renters 4-2,

Blacks 5-2, Hispanics 6-2, definition Appendix A ‘‘External building conditions,’’ Appendix C ‘‘Buildings and

neighborhood’’

Building, age of: column heading in most tables, vacant

homes 1-1, comparisons 2-1, 2-20, 2-21, 2-23, owners

3-1, 3-20, 3-21, 3-22, 3-23, renters 4-1, 4-20, 4-21, 4-23,

Blacks 5-1, 5-20, 5-21, 5-22, 5-23, Hispanics 6-1, 6-20,

6-21, 6-22, 6-23, definition Appendixes A ‘‘Year structure

built’’

Building, outside condition: vacant homes 1-2, comparisons 2-2, owners 3-2, renters 4-2, Blacks 5-2, Hispanics 6-2, definition Appendix A ‘‘External building conditions,’’ Appendix C ‘‘Buildings and neighborhood’’

Building, size: vacant homes 1-1, comparisons 2-1, 2-20,

2-21, 2-23, owners 3-1, 3-20, 3-21, 3-22, 3-23, renters

4-1, 4-20, 4-21, 4-23, Blacks 5-1, 5-20, 5-21, 5-22, 5-23,

Hispanics 6-1, 6-20, 6-21, 6-22, 6-23, definition Appendixes A and C ‘‘Units in structure’’

Building, type at former home: comparisons 2-10,

owners 3-10, renters 4-10, Blacks 5-10, Hispanics 6-10,

definition Appendix A ‘‘Structure type of previous residence’’

Buildings, nearby: vacant homes 1-6, comparisons 2-8,

owners 3-8, renters 4-8, Blacks 5-8, Hispanics 6-8, definition A and C ‘‘Age of other residential buildings within

300 feet’’

Burners: vacant homes 1-4, comparisons 2-4, 2-23, owners 3-4, 3-23, renters 4-4, 4-23, Blacks 5-4, 5-23, Hispanics 6-4, 6-23, definition Appendix A ‘‘Equipment’’

Business income: comparisons 2-12, owners 3-12, renters 4-12, Blacks 5-12, Hispanics 6-12, definition Appendix A ‘‘Income’’

Business space: vacant homes 1-7, owners 3-14, Blacks

5-14, Hispanics 6-14, definition Appendix A ‘‘Other

activities on property’’

Buy-down (graduated payment mortgage): comparisons 2-19, owners 3-15, 3-19, Blacks 5-15, 5-19, Hispanics 6-15, 6-19, definition Appendix A ‘‘Payment plans of

primary and secondary mortgage’’

Carport: vacant homes 1-6, comparisons 2-7, 2-23, owners 3-7, 3-23, renters 4-7, 4-23, Blacks 5-7, 5-23, Hispanics 6-7, 6-23, definition Appendix A ‘‘Selected amenities’ ’

Cars, kept at home: comparisons 2-7, owners 3-7, renters 4-7, Blacks 5-7, Hispanics 6-7, definition Appendix A

‘‘Cars and trucks available’’

Cars, traffic nearby: comparisons 2-8, owners 3-8, renters 4-8, Blacks 5-8, Hispanics 6-8, definition Appendix A

‘‘Neighborhood conditions and neighborhood services’’

Cash assets: comparisons 2-12, owners 3-12, renters

4-12, Blacks 5-12, Hispanics 6-12, definition Appendix A

‘‘Amount of savings and investment’’

CD-ROMs: see Explanations and Cautions ‘‘Data Availability’’

Cellar leaked: comparisons 2-7, owners 3-7, renters 4-7,

Blacks 5-7, Hispanics 6-7, definition Appendix A ‘‘Physical problems’’

Cellar, type of: vacant homes 1-2, comparisons 2-2,

owners 3-2, renters 4-2, Blacks 5-2, Hispanics 6-2, definition Appendix A ‘‘Foundation’’

Census 1990: Appendix A ‘‘Comparability with census

and housing data in 1990’’

Central air conditioning: vacant homes 1-4, comparisons 2-4, 2-23, owners 3-4, 3-23, renters 4-4, 4-23

Blacks 5-4, 5-23, Hispanics 6-4, 6-23, definition Appendix A ‘‘Equipment’’

INDEX FOR TABLES AND APPENDIXES Index-3

U.S. Census Bureau
Central cities: comparisons 2-10, owners 3-10, renters

4-10, Blacks 5-10, Hispanics 6-10, definition Appendix A

‘‘Central cities, ’’ Appendix C ‘‘Metropolitan areas and

central cities’’

Cesspool: vacant homes 1-4, comparisons 2-4, 2-20,

2-21, owners 3-4, 3-20, 3-21, 3-22, renters 4-4, 4-20,

4-21, Blacks 5-4, 5-20, 5-21, 5-22, Hispanics 6-4, 6-20,

6-21, 6-22, definition Appendix A ‘‘Sewage disposal and

sewage disposal breakdowns’’

Cesspool stoppage: comparisons 2-6, owners 3-6, renters 4-6, Blacks 5-6, Hispanics 6-6, definition Appendix A

‘‘Sewage disposal and sewage disposal breakdowns’’

Change in housing cost: comparisons 2-10, owners

3-10, renters 4-10, Blacks 5-10, Hispanics 6-10, definition Appendix A ‘‘Change in housing costs’’

Change in housing quality: comparisons 2-11, owners

3-11, renters 4-11, Blacks 5-11, Hispanics 6-11, definition Appendix A ‘‘Reason for leaving previous unit’’

Chemical toilet: vacant homes 1-4, comparisons 2-4,

2-20, 2-21, owners 3-4, 3-20, 3-21, 3-22, renters 4-4,

4-20, 4-21, Blacks 5-4, 5-20, 5-21, 5-22, Hispanics 6-4,

6-20, 6-21, 6-22, definition Appendix A ‘‘Sewage disposal

and sewage disposal breakdowns’’

Child support: comparisons 2-12, owners 3-12, renters

4-12, Blacks 5-12, Hispanics 6-12, definition Appendix A

‘‘Income’’

Children: comparisons 2-9, 2-20, 2-21, owners 3-9, 3-20,

3-21, 3-22, renters 4-9, 4-20, 4-21, Blacks 5-9, 5-20,

5-21, 5-22, Hispanics 6-9, 6-20, 6-21, 6-22, definition

Appendix A ‘‘Household composition’’

Choice of home: comparisons 2-11, owners 3-11, renters

4-11, Blacks 5-11, Hispanics 6-11, definition Appendix A

‘‘Choice of present home and home search’’

Choice of neighborhood: comparisons 2-11, owners

3-11, renters 4-11, Blacks 5-11, Hispanics 6-11, definition Appendix A ‘‘Choice of present neighborhood’’

Circuit breakers tripped: comparisons 2-6, owners 3-6,

renters 4-6, Blacks 5-6, Hispanics 6-6, definition Appendix A ‘‘Electric fuses and circuit breakers’’

City: definition Appendix A ‘‘Places’’, Appendix C ‘‘Metropolitan areas and central cities’’

City services: comparisons 2-8, owners 3-8, renters 4-8,

Blacks 5-8, Hispanics 6-8, definition Appendix A ‘‘Neighborhood conditions and neighborhood services’’

Climbing stairs: vacant homes 1-2, comparisons 2-2,

owners 3-2, renters 4-2, Blacks 5-2, Hispanics 6-2, definition Appendix A ‘‘Common stairways’’

Clothes dryer: vacant homes 1-4, comparisons 2-4, 2-23,

owners 3-4, 3-23, renters 4-4, 4-23 Blacks 5-4, 5-23, Hispanics 6-4, 6-23, definition Appendix A ‘‘Equipment’’

Clothes dryer fuel: vacant homes 1-5, comparisons 2-5,

owners 3-5, renters 4-5, Blacks 5-5, Hispanics 6-5, definition Appendix A ‘‘Fuels’’

Clothes washer: vacant homes 1-4, comparisons 2-4,

2-23, owners 3-4,3-23, renters 4-4, 4-23, Blacks 5-4,

5-23, Hispanics 6-4, 6-23, definition Appendix A ‘‘Equipment’’

CMSA (consolidated metropolitan statistical area):

definition Appendix A ‘‘Metropolitan Areas,’’ Appendix C

‘‘Metropolitan areas and central cities’’

Co-owner, co-renter: comparisons 2-9, owners 3-9, renters 4-9, Blacks 5-9, Hispanics 6-9, definition Appendix A

‘‘Persons other than spouse or children’’

Coal, uses: vacant homes 1-5, comparisons 2-5, 2-20,

2-21, 2-23, owners 3-5, 3-20, 3-21, 3-22, 3-23, renters

4-5, 4-20, 4-21, 4-23, Blacks 5-5, 5-20, 5-21, 5-22, 5-23,

Hispanics 6-5, 6-20, 6-21, 6-22, 6-23, definition Appendix A ‘‘Fuels’’

Coke fuel, uses: vacant homes 1-5, comparisons 2-5,

2-20, 2-21, 2-23, owners 3-5, 3-20, 3-21, 3-22, 3-23,

renters 4-5, 4-20, 4-21, 4-23, Blacks 5-5, 5-20, 5-21,

5-22, 5-23, Hispanics 6-5, 6-20, 6-21, 6-22, 6-23, definition Appendix A ‘‘Fuels’’

Cold home: comparisons 2-6, owners 3-6, renters 4-6,

Blacks 5-6, Hispanics 6-6, definition Appendix A ‘‘Heating

equipment and heating equipment breakdown’’

College education: comparisons 2-9, owners 3-9, renters

4-9, Blacks 5-9, Hispanics 6-9, definition Appendix A

‘‘Educational attainment’’

Commercial neighbors: vacant homes 1-6, comparisons

2-8, owners 3-8, renters 4-8, Blacks 5-8, Hispanics 6-8,

definition Appendix A ‘‘Description of area within 300

feet,’’ Appendix C ‘‘Buildings and neighborhood’’

Commercial space: vacant homes 1-7, owners 3-14,

Blacks 5-14, Hispanics 6-14, definition Appendix A

‘‘Other activities on property’’

Common stairways: vacant homes 1-2, comparisons

2-2, owners 3-2, renters 4-2, Blacks 5-2, Hispanics 6-2,

definition Appendix A ‘‘Common stairways’’

Commuting distance caused move: comparisons 2-11,

owners 3-11, renters 4-11, Blacks 5-11, Hispanics 6-11,

definition Appendix A ‘‘Reason for leaving previous unit’’

Comparability with Census of Population and Housing data in 1990: see Appendix A ‘‘Comparability with

Census of Population and Housing data in 1990’’

Index-4 INDEX FOR TABLES AND APPENDIXES

U.S. Census Bureau
Comparability with Current Construction Reports

from the Survey of Construction: see Appendix A

‘‘Comparability with Current Construction Reports from

the Survey of Construction’’

Comparison to previous home, cost: comparisons

2-10, owners 3-10, renters 4-10, Blacks 5-10, Hispanics

6-10, definition Appendix A ‘‘Recent movers comparison

to previous home’’

Comparison to previous home, quality: comparisons

2-11, owners 3-11, renters 4-11, Blacks 5-11, Hispanics

6-11, definition Appendix A ‘‘Recent movers comparison

to previous home’’

Comparison to previous neighborhood: comparisons

2-11, owners 3-11, renters 4-11, Blacks 5-11, Hispanics

6-11, definition Appendix A ‘‘Recent movers comparison

to previous neighborhood’’

Completeness of data: see Appendix D ‘‘Missing data’’

Composition of household: comparisons 2-9, 2-20,

2-21, 2-23, owners 3-9, 3-20, 3-21, 3-22, 3-23, renters

4-9, 4-20, 4-21, 4-23, Blacks 5-9, 5-20, 5-21, 5-22, 5-23,

Hispanics 6-9, 6-20, 6-21, 6-22, 6-23, definition Appendix A ‘‘Household composition’’

Computer-assisted interviewing: definition Appendix

C ‘‘Computer-assisted interviewing’’

Concealed wiring: vacant homes 1-6, comparisons 2-7,

2-23, owners 3-7, 3-23, renters 4-7, 4-23, Blacks 5-7,

5-23, Hispanics 6-7, 6-23, definition Appendix A

‘‘Selected deficiencies’’

Concrete slab: vacant homes 1-2, comparisons 2-2, owners 3-2, renters 4-2, Blacks 5-2, Hispanics 6-2, definition

Appendix A ‘‘Foundation‘‘

Conditions of street: vacant homes 1-6, comparisons

2-8, owners 3-8, renters 4-8, Blacks 5-8, Hispanics 6-8,

definition Appendix A ‘‘Conditions of streets,’’ Appendix

C ‘‘Buildings and neighborhood’’

Condominium: vacant homes 1-1, comparisons 2-1,

2-19, 2-23, owners 3-1, 3-19, 3-23, renters 4-1, 4-19,

4-23, Blacks 5-1, 5-19, 5-23, Hispanics 6-1, 6-19, 6-23,

definition Appendix A ‘‘Cooperatives and condominiums’’

Condominium conversion caused move: comparisons

2-11, owners 3-11, renters 4-11, Blacks 5-11, Hispanics

6-11, definition Appendix A ‘‘Reasons for leaving previous unit’’

Condominium fee: vacant homes 1-7, comparisons 2-13,

2-23, owners 3-13, 3-23, Blacks 5-13, 5-23, Hispanics

6-13, 6-23, definition Appendix A ‘‘Condominium and

cooperative fee’’

Consolidated metropolitan statistical areas: definition Appendix A ‘‘Consolidated metropolitan statistical

areas’’

Construction date: column heading in most tables,

vacant homes 1-1, comparisons 2-1, 2-20, 2-21, 2-23,

owners 3-1, 3-20, 3-21, 3-22, 3-23, renters 4-1, 4-20,

4-21, Blacks 5-1, 5-20, 5-21, 5-22, 5-23, Hispanics 6-1,

6-20, 6-21, 6-22, 6-23, definition Appendix A ‘‘Year structure built’’

Construction quality (reason to live here): comparisons 2-11, owners 3-11, renters 4-11, Blacks 5-11, Hispanics 6-11, definition Appendix A ‘‘Reason for leaving

previous unit’’

Construction report: see Appendix A ‘‘Comparability

with Current Construction Reports from the Survey of

Construction’’

Contract rent: vacant homes 1-7, comparisons 2-13,

2-17, 2-18, 2-19, 2-20, 2-21, 2-23, owners 3-13, 3-17,

3-18, 3-19, 3-20, 3-21, 3-22, 3-23, renters 4-13, 4-17,

4-18, 4-19, 4-20, 4-21, 4-23, Blacks 5-13, 5-17, 5-18,

5-19, 5-20, 5-21, 5-22, 5-23, Hispanics 6-13, 6-17, 6-18,

6-19, 6-20, 6-21, 6-22, 6-23, definition Appendixes A

and C ‘‘Monthly housing costs,’’ Appendix C ‘‘Housing

costs and value’’

Conventional mortgages: comparisons 2-19, owners

3-15, 3-19, Blacks 5-15, 5-19, Hispanics 6-15, 6-19, definition Appendix A ‘‘Type of primary mortgage’’

Cooking equipment: vacant homes 1-4, comparisons

2-4, 2-23, owners 3-4, 3-23, renters 4-4, 4-23, Blacks

5-4, 5-23, Hispanics 6-4, 6-23, definition Appendix A

‘‘Equipment’’

Cooking fuel: vacant homes 1-5, comparisons 2-5, 2-20,

2-21, owners 3-5, 3-20, 3-21, 3-22, renters 4-5, 4-20,

4-21, Blacks 5-5, 5-20, 5-21, 5-22, Hispanics 6-5, 6-20,

6-21, 6-22, definition Appendix A ‘‘Fuels’’

Cooperative: vacant homes 1-1, comparisons 2-1, 2-19,

2-23, owners 3-1, 3-19, 3-23, renters 4-1, 4-19, 4-23,

Blacks 5-1, 5-19, 5-23, Hispanics 6-1, 6-19, 6-23, definition Appendix A ‘‘Cooperative and condominium’’

Cooperative conversion caused move: comparisons

2-11, owners 3-11, renters 4-11, Blacks 5-11, Hispanics

6-11, definition Appendix A ‘‘Reason for leaving previous

unit’’

Cooperative fee: vacant homes 1-7, comparisons 2-13,

owners 3-13, Blacks 5-13, Hispanics 6-13, definition

Appendix A ‘‘Condominium and cooperative fee’’

Cost burden of rent or mortgage: comparisons 2-13,

2-19, 2-20, owners 3-13, 3-19, 3-20, 3-22, renters 4-13,

4-19, 4-20, Blacks 5-13, 5-19, 5-20, 5-22, Hispanics 6-13,

6-19, 6-20, 6-22, definition Appendix A ‘‘Monthly housing costs as percent of current income’’

INDEX FOR TABLES AND APPENDIXES Index-5

U.S. Census Bureau
Cost of home (monthly): vacant homes 1-7, comparisons 2-13, 2-17, 2-18, 2-19, 2-20, 2-21, 2-23, owners

3-13, 3-17, 3-18, 3-19, 3-20, 3-21, 3-22, 3-23, renters

4-13, 4-17, 4-18, 4-19, 4-20, 4-21, 4-23, Blacks 5-13,

5-17, 5-18, 5-19, 5-20, 5-21, 5-22, 5-23, Hispanics 6-13,

6-17, 6-18, 6-19, 6-20, 6-21, 6-22, 6-23, definition

Appendix A ‘‘Monthly housing costs’’

Cost of home (purchase price or value): vacant homes

1-7, comparisons 2-17, 2-18, 2-19, 2-20, 2-21, owners

3-14, 3-17, 3-18, 3-19, 3-20, 3-21, 3-22, Blacks 5-14,

5-17, 5-18, 5-19, 5-20, 5-21, 5-22, Hispanics 6-14, 6-17,

6-18, 6-19, 6-20, 6-21, 6-22, definition Appendix A ‘‘Purchase price,’’ ‘‘Value,’’ Appendix C ‘‘Housing costs and

value’’

Cost of home caused move: comparisons 2-11, owners

3-11, renters 4-11, Blacks 5-11, Hispanics 6-11, definition Appendix A ‘‘Reasons for leaving previous unit’’

Cost of mortgage: owners 3-15, Blacks 5-15, Hispanics

6-15, definition Appendix A ‘‘Mortgages currently on

property’’

Cost sharing: comparisons 2-13, owners 3-13, Blacks

5-13, Hispanics 6-13, definition Appendix A ‘‘Cost and

ownership sharing’’

Cost, former home: comparisons 2-10, owners 3-10,

renters 4-10, Blacks 5-10, Hispanics 6-10, definition

Appendix A ‘‘Change in housing costs’’

County services: comparisons 2-8, owners 3-8, renters

4-8, Blacks 5-8, Hispanics 6-8, definition Appendix A

‘‘Neighborhood conditions and neighborhood services’’

Couples, married: comparisons 2-9, 2-20, 2-21, 2-23,

owners 3-9, 3-20, 3-21, 3-22, 3-23, renters 4-9, 4-20,

4-21, 4-23, Blacks 5-9, 5-20, 5-21, 5-22, 5-3, Hispanics

6-9, 6-20, 6-21, 6-22, 6-23, definition Appendix A

‘‘Household composition’’

Coverage of sample: definition Appendix A ‘‘Sample

size,’’ Appendix B ‘‘Sample selection,’’ Appendix C

‘‘Sample’’

Crack in inside wall: vacant homes 1-6, comparisons

2-7, 2-23, owners 3-7, 3-23, renters 4-7, 4-23, Blacks

5-7, 5-23, Hispanics 6-7, 6-23, definition Appendix A

‘‘Selected deficiencies’’

Cracked or crumbling foundation: vacant homes 1-2,

comparisons 2-2, owners 3-2, renters 4-2, Blacks 5-2,

Hispanics 6-2, definition Appendix A ‘‘External building

conditions,’’ Appendix C ‘‘Buildings and neighborhood’’

Crawl space: vacant homes 1-2, comparisons 2-2, owners 3-2, renters 4-2, Blacks 5-2, Hispanics 6-2, definition

Appendix A ‘‘Foundation’’

Crime nearby: comparisons 2-8, owners 3-8, renters 4-8,

Blacks 5-8, Hispanics 6-8, definition Appendix A ‘‘Neighborhood conditions and neighborhood services’’

Crowding: comparisons 2-3, owners 3-3, renters 4-3,

Blacks 5-3, Hispanics 6-3, see Appendix A ‘‘Person per

room’’

Current income: see Appendix A ‘‘Current income’’

Current interest rate: owners 3-15, Blacks 5-15, Hispanics 6-15, elderly 7-15, definition Appendixes A and C

‘‘Current interest rate’’

Current total loan as percent of value: see Appendix

A ‘‘Current total loan as percent of value’’

Data, incompleteness: see Appendix D ‘‘Incomplete

data’’

Debt: owners 3-15, Blacks 5-15, Hispanics 6-15, definition

Appendix A ‘‘Total outstanding principal amount’’

Deck: vacant homes 1-6, comparisons 2-7, 2-23, owners

3-7, 3-23, renters 4-7, 4-23, Blacks 5-7, 5-23, Hispanics

6-7, 6-23, definition Appendix A ‘‘Selected amenities’’

Dentist’s office: vacant homes 1-7, owners 3-14, Blacks

5-14, Hispanics 6-14, definition Appendix A ‘‘Other

activities on property’’

Design of home (reason to live here): comparisons

2-11, owners 3-11, renters 4-11, Blacks 5-11, Hispanics

6-11, definition Appendix A ‘‘Choice of present home and

home search’’

Design of neighborhood (reason to live here): comparisons 2-11, owners 3-11, renters 4-11, Blacks 5-11,

Hispanics 6-11, definition Appendix A ‘‘Choice of present

neighborhood’’

Design of sample: Appendix B ‘‘Sample,’’ ‘‘Sample selection’’

Dilapidation: see Problems

Dining rooms: vacant homes 1-6, comparisons 2-7, 2-23,

owners 3-7, 3-23, renters 4-7, 4-23, Blacks 5-7, 5-23,

Hispanics 6-7, 6-23, definition Appendix A ‘‘Selected

amenities’’

Disaster caused move: comparisons 2-11, owners 3-11,

renters 4-11, Blacks 5-11, Hispanics 6-11, definition

Appendix A ‘‘Reasons for leaving previous unit’’

Discomfort from cold: comparisons 2-6, owners 3-6,

renters 4-6, Blacks 5-6, Hispanics 6-6, definition Appendix A ‘‘Heating equipment and heating equipment breakdowns’’

Dishwasher: vacant homes 1-4, comparisons 2-4, 2-23,

owners 3-4, 3-23, renters 4-4, 4-23, Blacks 5-4, 5-23,

Hispanics 6-4, 6-23, definition Appendix A ‘‘Equipment’’

Index-6 INDEX FOR TABLES AND APPENDIXES

U.S. Census Bureau
Displacement caused move: comparisons 2-11, owners

3-11, renters 4-11, Blacks 5-11, Hispanics 6-11, definition Appendix A ‘‘Reasons for leaving previous unit’’

Disposal in sink, garbage: vacant homes 1-4, comparisons 2-4, 2-23, owners 3-4, 3-23, renters 4-4, 4-23,

Blacks 5-4, 5-23, Hispanics 6-4, 6-23, definition Appendix A ‘‘Equipment’’

Dividends: comparisons 2-12, owners 3-12, renters 4-12,

Blacks 5-12, Hispanics 6-12, definition Appendix A

‘‘Income’’

Divorced, causing move: comparisons 2-11, owners

3-11, renters 4-11, Blacks 5-11, Hispanics 6-11, definition Appendix A ‘‘Reasons for leaving previous unit’’

Doctor’s office: vacant homes 1-7, owners 3-14, Blacks

5-14, Hispanics 6-14, definition Appendix A ‘‘Other

activities on property’’

Door leaks: comparisons 2-7, owners 3-7, renters 4-7,

Blacks 5-7, Hispanics 6-7, definition Appendix A ‘‘Physical problems’’

Doubled up families: comparisons 2-9, owners 3-9,

renters 4-9, Blacks 5-9, Hispanics 6-9, definition Appendix A ‘‘Persons other than spouse or children’’

Down payment source: owners 3-14, Blacks 5-14, Hispanics 6-14, definition Appendix A ‘‘Major source of

down payment’’

Dryer for clothes: vacant homes 1-4, comparisons 2-4,

2-23, owners 3-4, 3-23, renters 4-4, 4-23, Blacks 5-4,

5-23, Hispanics 6-4, 6-23, definition Appendix A ‘‘Equipment’’

Dryer for clothes, fuel: vacant homes 1-5, comparisons

2-5, owners 3-5, renters 4-5, Blacks 5-5, Hispanics 6-5,

definition Appendix A ‘‘Fuels’’

Ducts: vacant homes 1-4, comparisons 2-4, 2-20, 2-21,

2-23, owners 3-4, 3-20, 3-21, 3-22, 3-23, renters 4-4,

4-20, 4-21, 4-23, Blacks 5-4, 5-20, 5-21, 5-22, 5-23, Hispanics 6-4, 6-20, 6-21, 6-22, 6-23, definition Appendix A

‘‘Heating equipment and heating equipment breakdowns’’

Duplexes: see Size of building

Educational attainment: comparisons 2-9, owners 3-9,

renters 4-9, Blacks 5-9, Hispanics 6-9, definition Appendix A ‘‘Educational attainment,’’ Appendix C ‘‘Education’’

Efficiency apartments (size of unit): vacant homes

1-3, comparisons 2-3, 2-17, 2-18, 2-20, 2-21, 2-23, owners 3-3, 3-17, 3-18, 3-20, 3-21, 3-22, 3-23, renters 4-3,

4-17, 4-18, 4-20, 4-21, 4-23, Blacks 5-3, 5-17, 5-18,

5-20, 5-21, 5-22, 5-23, Hispanics 6-3, 6-17, 6-18, 6-20,

6-21, 6-22, 6-23, definition Appendix A ‘‘Rooms’’

Elderly: column heading in most tables, comparisons 2-9,

2-20, 2-21, 2-23, owners 3-9, 3-20, 3-21, 3-22, 3-23,

renters 4-9, 4-20, 4-21, 4-23, Blacks 5-9, 5-20, 5-21,

5-22, 5-23, Hispanics 6-9, 6-20, 6-21, 6-22, 6-23, definition Appendix A ‘‘Elderly’’

Electric fuses and circuit breakers: comparisons 2-6,

owners 3-6, renters 4-6, Blacks 5-6, Hispanics 6-6, definition Appendix A ‘‘Electric fuses and circuit breakers’’

Electric heaters: vacant homes 1-4, comparisons 2-4,

2-20, 2-21, 2-23, owners 3-4, 3-20, 3-21, 3-22, 3-23,

renters 4-4, 4-20, 4-21, 4-23, Blacks 5-4, 5-20, 5-21,

5-22, 5-23, Hispanics 6-4, 6-20, 6-21, 6-22, 6-23, definition Appendix A ‘‘Heating equipment and heating equipment breakdown’’

Electric wiring adequacy: vacant homes 1-6, comparisons 2-7, 2-23, owners 3-7, 3-23, renters 4-7, 4-23,

Blacks 5-7, 5-23, Hispanics 6-7, 6-23, definition Appendix A ‘‘Selected deficiencies’’

Electricity, cost: comparisons 2-13, owners 3-13, renters

4-13, Blacks 5-13, Hispanics 6-13, definition Appendix A

‘‘Monthly costs for electricity and gas’’

Electricity, uses: vacant homes 1-5, comparisons 2-5,

2-20, 2-21, 2-23, owners 3-5, 3-20, 3-21, 3-22, 3-23,

renters 4-5, 4-20, 4-21, 4-23, Blacks 5-5, 5-20, 5-21,

5-22, 5-23, Hispanics 6-5, 6-20, 6-21, 6-22, 6-23, definition Appendix A ‘‘Fuels’’

Elementary school education: comparisons 2-9, owners 3-9, renters 4-9, Blacks 5-9, Hispanics 6-9, definition

Appendix A ‘‘Educational attainment,’’ Appendix C ‘‘Education’’

Elevator: vacant homes 1-2, comparisons 2-2, owners

3-2, renters 4-2, Blacks 5-2, Hispanics 6-2, definition

Appendix A ‘‘Elevator on floor’’

Entrance floor: vacant homes 1-2, comparisons 2-2,

owners 3-2, renters 4-2, Blacks 5-2, Hispanics 6-2, definition Appendix A ‘‘Stories between main and apartment

entrances’’

Environment: see Appendix A ‘‘Heating and cooling

degree days,’’ ‘‘Neighborhood,’’ ‘‘Sewage,’’ ‘‘Trash,’’

‘‘Source of water’’

Equipment, indoors: vacant homes 1-4, comparisons

2-4, 2-23, owners 3-4, 3-23, renters 4-4, 4-23, Blacks

5-4, 5-23, Hispanics 6-4, 6-23, definition Appendix A

‘‘Equipment’’

INDEX FOR TABLES AND APPENDIXES Index-7

U.S. Census Bureau
Equity in home (loan as percent of value): owners

3-15, Blacks 5-15, Hispanics 6-15, definition Appendix A

‘‘Current total loan as percent of value’’

Error, nonsampling: Appendix D ‘‘Errors’’

Error, sampling: Appendix D ‘‘Errors’’

Eskimo: comparison 2-1, 2-23, owners 3-1, 3-23, renters

4-1, 4-23, Blacks 5-1, 5-23, Hispanic 6-1, 6-23, definition

Appendixes A and C ‘‘Race’’

Establish household: comparisons 2-11, owners 3-11,

renters 4-11, Blacks 5-11, Hispanics 6-11, definition

Appendix A ‘‘Reason for leaving previous unit’’

Establishing household caused move: comparisons

2-11, owners 3-11, renters 4-11, Blacks 5-11, Hispanics

6-11, definition Appendix A ‘‘Reason for leaving previous

unit’’

Estimation: see Appendix B ‘‘Weighting’’

Ethnicity: column heading in most tables, comparisons

2-1, owners 3-1, renters 4-1, Blacks 5-1, Hispanics 6-1,

definition Appendix A ‘‘Race’’

Exposed wiring: vacant homes 1-6, comparisons 2-7,

owners 3-7, renters 4-7, Blacks 5-7, Hispanics 6-7, Definition Appendix A ‘‘Selected deficiencies’’

External building conditions: vacant homes 1-2, comparisons 2-2, owners 3-2, renters 4-2, Blacks 5-2, Hispanics 6-2, definition Appendix A ‘‘External building conditions,’’ Appendix C ‘‘Buildings and neighborhood’’

Family composition: comparisons 2-9, 2-20, 2-21, 2-23,

owners 3-9, 3-20, 3-21, 3-22, 3-23, renters 4-9, 4-20,

4-21, 4-23, Blacks 5-9, 5-20, 5-21, 5-22, 5-23, Hispanics

6-9, 6-20, 6-21, 6-22, 6-23, definition Appendix A ‘‘Family or primary individual,’’ ‘‘Household composition’’

Family size: see Household size

Farm income: comparisons 2-12, owners 3-12, renters

4-12, Blacks 5-12, Hispanics 6-12, definition Appendix A

‘‘Income,’’ ‘‘Farm and nonfarm residence’’

Farm or open space nearby: vacant homes 1-6, comparisons 2-8, owners 3-8, renters 4-8, Blacks 5-8, Hispanics 6-8, definition Appendix A ‘‘Description of area within

300 feet, ’’ Appendix C ‘‘Buildings and neighborhood’’

Farmers home administration mortgages: comparisons 2-19, owners 3-15, 3-19, Blacks 5-15, 5-19, Hispanics 6-15, 6-19, definition Appendix A ‘‘Type of primary

mortgage’’

Females: comparisons 2-9, 2-20, 2-21, 2-23,owners 3-9,

3-20, 3-21, 3-22, 3-23, renters, 4-9, 4-20, 4-21,

4-23,Blacks 5-9, 5-20, 5-21, 5-22 5-23, Hispanics 6-9,

6-20, 6-21, 6-22, 6-23, definition Appendix A ‘‘Household

composition’’

FHA: comparisons 2-19, owners 3-15, 3-19, Blacks 5-15,

5-19, Hispanics 6-15, 6-19, definition Appendix A ‘‘Type

of primary mortgage’’

Financing: comparisons 2-19, owners 3-15, 3-19, Blacks

5-15, 5-19, Hispanics 6-15, 6-19, definition Appendix A

‘‘Payment plans of primary and secondary mortgage’’

Fire caused move: comparisons 2-11, owners 3-11, renters 4-11, Blacks 5-11, Hispanics 6-11, definition Appendix A ‘‘Reasons leaving previous unit’’

Fireplace usable: vacant homes 1-6, comparisons 2-7,

2-23, owners 3-7, 3-23, renters 4-7, 4-23, Blacks 5-7,

5-23, Hispanics 6-7, 6-23, definition Appendix A

‘‘Selected amenities’’

Fireplace used for heat: vacant homes 1-4, comparisons 2-4, 2-20, 2-21, 2-23, owners 3-4, 3-20, 3-21, 3-22,

3-23, renters 4-4, 4-20, 4-21, 4-23, Blacks 5-4, 5-20,

5-21, 5-22, 5-23, Hispanics 6-4, 6-20, 6-21, 6-22, 6-23,

definition Appendix A ‘‘Heating equipment and heating

equipment breakdowns’’

Firewood, uses: vacant homes 1-5, comparisons 2-5,

2-20, 2-21, 2-23, owners 3-5, 3-20, 3-21, 3-22, 3-23,

renters 4-5, 4-20, 4-21, 4-23, Blacks 5-5, 5-20, 5-21,

5-22, 5-23, Hispanics 6-5, 6-20, 6-21, 6-22, 6-23, definition Appendix A ‘‘Fuels’’

First occupants: comparisons 2-2, owners 3-2, renters

4-2, Blacks 5-2, Hispanics 6-2, definition Appendix A

‘‘Previous occupancy’’

First site, this mobile home: vacant homes 1-2, comparisons 2-2, owners 3-2, renters 4-2, Blacks 5-2, Hispanics 6-2, definition Appendix A ‘‘Site placement’’

First time owner: owners 3-14, Blacks 5-14, Hispanics

6-14, definition Appendix A ‘‘First-time owners’’

Fixed mortgage payments: comparisons 2-19, owners

3-15, 3-19, Blacks 5-15, 5-19, Hispanics 6-15, 6-19, definition Appendix A ‘‘Payment plans of primary and secondary mortgages’’

Flood caused move: comparisons 2-11, owners 3-11,

renters 4-11, Blacks 5-11, Hispanics 6-11, definition

Appendix A ‘‘Reasons for leaving previous unit’’

Floors, hole: vacant homes 1-6, comparisons 2-7, 2-23,

owners 3-7, 3-23, renters 4-7, 4-23, Blacks 5-7, 5-23,

Hispanics 6-7, 6-23, definition Appendix A ‘‘Selected deficiencies’’

Floors, number of: vacant homes 1-2, comparisons 2-2,

owners 3-2, renters 4-2, Blacks 5-2, Hispanics 6-2, definition Appendix A ‘‘Stories in structure’’

Index-8 INDEX FOR TABLES AND APPENDIXES

U.S. Census Bureau
Flues, heating: vacant homes 1-4, comparisons 2-4,

2-20, 2-21, 2-23, owners 3-4, 3-20, 3-21, 3-22, 3-23,

renters 4-4, 4-20, 4-21, 4-23, Blacks 5-4, 5-20, 5-21,

5-22, 5-23, Hispanics 6-4, 6-20, 6-21, 6-22, 6-23, definition Appendix A ‘‘Heating equipment and heating breakdowns’’

FmHA: comparisons 2-19, owners 3-15, 3-19, Blacks

5-15, 5-19, Hispanics 6-15, 6-19, definition Appendix A

‘‘Type of primary mortgage’’

Food stamps: comparisons 2-12, owners 3-12, renters

4-12, Blacks 5-12, Hispanics 6-12, definition Appendixes

A and C ‘‘Income’’

For sale: column heading in Chapter 1 (vacant), definition

Appendix A ‘‘Vacancy, seasonality, and marketing’’

Formation of household caused move: comparisons

2-11, owners 3-11, renters 4-11, Blacks 5-11, Hispanics

6-11, definition Appendix A ‘‘Reasons for leaving previous unit’’

Formation, household: comparisons 2-9, owners 3-9,

renters 4-9, Blacks 5-9, Hispanics 6-9, definition Appendix A ‘‘Household moves and formation’’

Former home: comparisons 2-10, 2-11, owners 3-10,

3-11, renters 4-10, 4-11, Blacks 5-10, 5-11, Hispanics

6-10, 6-11, definition Appendix A ‘‘Location of previous

unit’’

Foundation type: vacant homes 1-2, comparisons 2-2,

owners 3-2, renters 4-2, Blacks 5-2, Hispanics 6-2, definition Appendix A ‘‘Foundation’’

Foundation, cracked or crumbling: vacant homes 1-2,

comparisons 2-2, owners 3-2, renters 4-2, Blacks 5-2,

Hispanics 6-2, definition Appendix A ‘‘External building

conditions,’’ Appendix C ‘‘Buildings and neighborhood’’

Friends nearby (reason to live here): comparisons

2-11, owners 3-11, renters 4-11, Blacks 5-11, Hispanics

6-11, definition Appendix A ‘‘Choice of present neighborhood’’

Fuel, air conditioning: vacant homes 1-5, comparisons

2-5, owners 3-5, renters 4-5, Blacks 5-5, Hispanics 6-5,

definition Appendix A ‘‘Fuels’’

Fuel, clothes dryer: vacant homes 1-5, comparisons 2-5,

owners 3-5, renters 4-5, Blacks 5-5, Hispanics 6-5, definition Appendix A ‘‘Fuels’’

Fuel, cooking: vacant homes 1-5, comparisons 2-5, 2-20,

2-21, owners 3-5, 3-20, 3-21, 3-22, renters 4-5, 4-20,

4-21, Blacks 5-5, 5-20, 5-21, 5-22, Hispanics 6-5, 6-20,

6-21, 6-22, definition Appendix A ‘‘Fuels’’

Fuel, cost: comparisons 2-13, owners 3-13, renters 4-13,

Blacks 5-13, Hispanics 6-13, definition Appendix A

‘‘Monthly costs for electricity and gas’’

Fuel, heating: vacant homes 1-5, comparisons 2-5, 2-20,

2-21, owners 3-5, 3-20, 3-21, 3-22, renters 4-5, 4-20,

4-21, Blacks 5-5, 5-20, 5-21, 5-22, Hispanics 6-5, 6-20,

6-21, 6-22, definition Appendix A ‘‘Fuels’’

Fuel, water heating: vacant homes 1-5, comparisons

2-5, owners 3-5, renters 4-5, Blacks 5-5, Hispanics 6-5,

definition Appendix A ‘‘Fuels’’

Furnace: vacant homes 1-4, comparisons 2-4, 2-20, 2-21,

owners 3-4, 3-20, 3-21, 3-22, renters 4-4, 4-20, 4-21,

Blacks 5-4, 5-20, 5-21, 5-22, Hispanics 6-4, 6-20, 6-21,

6-22, definition Appendix A ‘‘Heating equipment and

heating equipment breakdowns’’

Fuses blown: comparisons 2-6, owners 3-6, renters 4-6,

Blacks 5-6, Hispanics 6-6, definition Appendix A ‘‘Electric

fuses and circuit breakers’’

Garage: vacant homes 1-6, comparisons 2-7, 2-23, owners 3-7, 3-23, renters 4-7, 4-23, Blacks 5-7, 5-23, Hispanics 6-7, 6-23, definition Appendix A ‘‘Selected amenities’’

Garbage: see Appendix C ‘‘Trash’’

Garbage disposal in sink: vacant homes 1-4, comparisons 2-4, 2-23, owners 3-4, 3-23, renters 4-4, 4-23,

Blacks 5-4, 5-23, Hispanics 6-4, 6-23, definition Appendix A ‘‘Equipment’’

Gas, cost: comparisons 2-13, 2-23, owners 3-13, 3-23,

renters 4-13, 4-23, Blacks 5-13, 5-23, Hispanics 6-13,

6-23, definition Appendix A ‘‘Monthly costs for electricity

and gas’’

Gas, uses: vacant homes 1-5, comparisons 2-5, 2-20,

2-21, 2-23, owners 3-5, 3-20, 3-21, 3-22, 3-23, renters

4-5, 4-20, 4-21, 4-23, Blacks 5-5, 5-20, 5-21, 5-22, 5-23,

Hispanics 6-5, 6-20, 6-21, 6-22, 6-23, definition Appendix A ‘‘Fuels’’

Gender: comparisons 2-9, 2-20, 2-21, owners 3-9, 3-20,

3-21, 3-22, renters 4-9, 4-20, 4-21, Blacks 5-9, 5-20,

5-21, 5-22, Hispanics 6-9, 6-20, 6-21, 6-22, definition

Appendix A ‘‘Household composition’’

General Assistance (welfare): comparisons 2-12, 3-12,

renters 4-12, Blacks 5-12, Hispanics 6-12, definition

Appendix A ‘‘Income’’

Generations, multiple: comparisons 2-9, owners 3-9,

renters 4-9, Blacks 5-9, Hispanics 6-9, definition Appendix A ‘‘Persons other than spouse or children’’

Gift of home: comparisons owners 3-14, Blacks 5-14,

Hispanics 6-14, definition Appendix A ‘‘Major source of

down payment’’

Good home, compared to previous: comparisons 2-11,

owners 3-11, renters 4-11, Blacks 5-11, Hispanics 6-11,

definition Appendix A ‘‘Choice of present home and

home search’’

INDEX FOR TABLES AND APPENDIXES Index-9

U.S. Census Bureau
Good home, moved to: comparisons 2-11, owners 3-11,

renters 4-11, Blacks 5-11, Hispanics 6-11, definition

Appendix A ‘‘Recent movers comparison to previous

home’’

Good home, rating of: comparisons 2-7, owners 3-7,

renters 4-7, Blacks 5-7, Hispanics 6-7, definition Appendix A ‘‘Overall opinion of structure’’

Good neighborhood: comparisons 2-11, owners 3-11,

renters 4-11, Blacks 5-11, Hispanics 6-11, definition

Appendix A ’’Choice of present neighborhood’’

Good neighborhood, rating of: comparisons 2-8, owners 3-8, renters 4-8, Blacks 5-8, Hispanics 6-8, definition

Appendix A ‘‘Overall opinion of neighborhood’’

Government displacement caused move: comparisons

2-11, owners 3-11, renters 4-11, Blacks 5-11, Hispanics

6-11, definition Appendix A ‘‘Reasons for leaving previous unit’’

GPM (graduated rate mortgage): comparisons 2-19,

owners 3-15, 3-19, Blacks 5-15, 5-19, Hispanics 6-15,

6-19, definition Appendix A ‘‘Payment plans of primary

and secondary mortgages’’

Graduated mortgage payments: comparisons 2-19,

owners 3-15, 3-19, Blacks 5-15, 5-19, Hispanics 6-15,

6-19, definition Appendix A ‘‘Payment plans of primary

and secondary mortgages’’

Grandparents: comparisons 2-9, owners 3-9, renters 4-9,

Blacks 5-9, Hispanics 6-9, definition Appendix A ‘‘Persons

other than spouse or children’’

Gross rent: comparisons 2-13, renters 4-13, Blacks 5-13,

Hispanics 6-13, definition Appendix A ‘‘Monthly housing

costs’’

Group quarters: see Appendix A ‘‘Housing units’’

Half bathrooms: vacant homes 1-3, comparisons 2-3,

2-17, 2-18, 2-20, 2-21, 2-23, owners 3-3, 3-17, 3-18,

3-20, 3-21, 3-22, 3-23, renters 4-3, 4-17, 4-18, 4-20,

4-21, 4-23, Blacks 5-3, 5-17, 5-18, 5-20, 5-21, 5-22,

5-23, Hispanics 6-3, 6-17, 6-18, 6-20, 6-21, 6-22, 6-23,

definition Appendix A ‘‘Complete bathrooms’’

Halls, public: vacant homes 1-2, comparisons 2-2, owners 3-2, renters 4-2, Blacks 5-2, Hispanics 6-2, definition

Appendix A ‘‘Light fixtures in public halls’’

Hallways problems: comparisons 2-7, owners 3-7, renters 4-7, Blacks 5-7, Hispanics 6-7, definition Appendix A

‘‘Physical problems’’

Head of household: definition Appendix C ‘‘Head of

household/householder’’

Heat pump: vacant homes 1-4, comparisons 2-4, 2-20,

2-21, 2-23, owners 3-4, 3-20, 3-21, 3-22, 3-23, renters

4-4, 4-20, 4-21, 4-23, Blacks 5-4, 5-20, 5-21, 5-22, 5-23,

Hispanics 6-4, 6-20, 6-21, 6-22, 6-23, definition Appendix A ‘‘Heating equipment and heating equipment breakdowns’’

Heated for year round use: vacant homes 1-1, definition Appendix A ‘‘Vacancy, seasonality, and marketing’’

Heating capacity, inadequate: comparisons 2-6, owners

3-6, renters 4-6, Blacks 5-6, Hispanics 6-6, definition

Appendix A ‘‘Heating equipment and Heating equipment

breakdowns’’

Heating equipment: vacant homes 1-4, comparisons

2-4, 2-20, 2-21, 2-23, owners 3-4, 3-20, 3-21, 3-22, 3-23,

renters 4-4, 4-20, 4-21, 4-23, Blacks 5-4, 5-20, 5-21,

5-22, 5-23, Hispanics 6-4, 6-20, 6-21, 6-22, 6-23, definition Appendix A ‘‘Heating equipment and heating equipment breakdowns,’’ ‘‘Parallel heating equipment,’’

‘‘Supplemental heating equipment,’’ Appendix C ‘‘Heating

equipment’’

Heating fuel: vacant homes 1-5, comparisons 2-5, 2-20,

2-21, owners 3-5, 3-20, 3-21, 3-22, renters 4-5, 4-20,

4-21, Blacks 5-5, 5-20, 5-21, 5-22, Hispanics 6-5, 6-20,

6-21, 6-22, definition Appendix A ‘‘Fuels’’

Heating problems: comparisons 2-7, owners 3-7, renters

4-7, Blacks 5-7, Hispanics 6-7, definition Appendix A

‘‘Physical problems’’

Heating stoppage: comparisons 2-6, owners 3-6, renters

4-6, Blacks 5-6, Hispanics 6-6, definition Appendix A

‘‘Heating equipment and heating equipment breakdowns’’

High cost: see Appendix A ‘‘Cost’’

High income: see Appendix A ‘‘Income’’

High rise: vacant homes 1-2, comparisons 2-2, owners

3-2, renters 4-2, Blacks 5-2, Hispanics 6-2, definition

Appendix A ‘‘Stories in structure’’

High rise nearby: vacant homes 1-6, comparisons 2-8,

owners 3-8, renters 4-8, Blacks 5-8, Hispanics 6-8,

Appendix A ‘‘Description of area within 300 feet,’’ Appendix C ‘‘Buildings and neighborhood’’

High school education: comparisons 2-9, owners 3-9,

renters 4-9, Blacks 5-9, Hispanics 6-9, definition Appendix A ‘‘Educational attainment,’’ Appendix C ‘‘Education’’

Highway, railroad or airport nearby: vacant homes

1-6, comparisons 2-8, owners 3-8, renters 4-8, Blacks

5-8, Hispanics 6-8, definition Appendix A ‘‘Description of

area within 300 feet,’’ ’’ Appendix C ‘‘Buildings and neighborhood’’

Index-10 INDEX FOR TABLES AND APPENDIXES

U.S. Census Bureau
Hispanics: column heading in most tables, comparisons

2-1, 2-23, owners 3-1, 3-23, renters 4-1, 4-23, Blacks

5-1, 5-23, Hispanics 6-1, 6-23, definition Appendix A

‘‘Hispanic’’

Hole in floors: vacant homes 1-6, comparisons 2-7,

2-23, owners 3-7, 3-23, renters 4-7, 4-23, Blacks 5-7,

5-23, Hispanics 6-7, 6-23, definition Appendix A

‘‘Selected deficiencies’’

Hole in foundation: vacant homes 1-2, comparisons 2-2,

owners 3-2, renters 4-2, Blacks 5-2, Hispanics 6-2, definition Appendix A ‘‘External building conditions,’’ Appendix C ‘‘Buildings and neighborhood’’

Hole in inside wall: vacant homes 1-6, comparisons 2-7,

2-23, owners 3-7, 3-23, renters 4-7, 4-23, Blacks 5-7,

5-23, Hispanics 6-7, 6-23, definition Appendix A

‘‘Selected deficiencies’’

Hole in outside wall: vacant homes 1-2, comparisons

2-2, owners 3-2, renters 4-2, Blacks 5-2, Hispanics 6-2,

definition Appendix A ‘‘External building conditions,’’

Appendix C ‘‘Buildings and neighborhood’’

Hole in roof: vacant homes 1-2, comparisons 2-2, owners 3-2, renters 4-2, Blacks 5-2, Hispanics 6-2, definition

Appendix A ‘‘External building conditions,’’ Appendix C

‘‘Buildings and neighborhood’’

Home, choice of: comparisons 2-11, owners 3-11, renters 4-11, Blacks 5-11, Hispanics 6-11, definition Appendix A ‘‘Choice of present home and home search’’

Home, comparison to previous cost: comparisons

2-10, owners 3-10, renters 4-10, Blacks 5-10, Hispanics

6-10, definition Appendix A ‘‘Recent movers comparison

to previous home’’

Home, comparison to previous quality: comparisons

2-11, owners 3-11, renters 4-11, Blacks 5-11, Hispanics

6-11, definition Appendix A ‘‘Recent movers Comparison

to previous home’’

Home, currently for sale or rent: vacant homes 1-1,

definition Appendix A ‘‘Vacancy, seasonality, and marketing’’

Home equity loan: owners 3-15, Blacks 5-15, Hispanics

6-15, definition Appendix A ‘‘Home equity loan’’

Homeowner (tenure): column heading in most tables,

comparisons 2-1, 2-19, 2-23, owners 3-1, 3-19, 3-23,

renters, 4-1, 4-19, 4-23, Blacks 5-1, 5-19, 5-23, Hispanics

6-1, 6-19, 6-23, definition Appendix A ‘‘Tenure’’

Homeowner association fee: vacant homes 1-7, comparisons 2-13, owners 3-13, Blacks 5-13, Hispanics 6-13,

definition Appendix A ‘‘Monthly housing costs,’’ ‘‘Other

housing costs per month’’

Homeowner’s insurance: comparisons 2-13, owners

3-13, Blacks 5-13, Hispanics 6-13, definition Appendix A

‘‘Property insurance’’

Hot water: vacant homes 1-4, comparisons 2-4, 2-23,

owners 3-4, 3-23, renters 4-4, 4-23, Blacks 5-4, 5-23,

Hispanics 6-4, 6-23, definition Appendixes A and C

‘‘Plumbing facilities’’

Hot water heat: vacant homes 1-4, comparisons 2-4,

2-20, 2-21, 2-25, owners 3-4, 3-20, 3-21, 3-22, 3-23,

renters 4-4, 4-20, 4-21, 4-23, Blacks 5-4, 5-20, 5-21,

5-22, 5-23, Hispanics 6-4, 6-20, 6-21, 6-22, 6-23, definition Appendix A ‘‘Heating equipment and heating equipment breakdowns’’

House previous residence: comparisons 2-10. owners

3-10, renters 4-10, Blacks 5-10, Hispanics 6-10, definition Appendix A ‘‘Structure type of previous residence’’

Household: definition Appendix A ‘‘Household’’

Householder: definition Appendix A ‘‘Householder’’

Household composition: comparisons 2-9, 2-20, 2-21,

2-23, owners 3-9, 3-20, 3-21, 3-22, 3-23, renters 4-9,

4-20, 4-21, 4-23, Blacks 5-9, 5-20, 5-21, 5-22, 5-23, Hispanics 6-9, 6-20, 6-21, 6-22, 6-23, definition Appendix A

‘‘Household composition’’

Household formation: comparisons 2-9, owners 3-9,

renters 4-9, Blacks 5-9, Hispanics 6-9, definition Appendix A ‘‘Household moves and formation’’

Household formation caused move: comparisons

2-11, owners 3-11, renters 4-11, Blacks 5-11, Hispanics

6-11, definition Appendix A ‘‘Reasons for leaving previous unit’’

Household size: comparisons 2-9, 2-17, 2-18, 2-20,

2-21, 2-23, owners 3-9, 3-17, 3-18, 3-20, 3-21, 3-22,

3-23, renters 4-9, 4-17, 4-18, 4-20, 4-21, 4-23, Blacks

5-9, 5-17, 5-18, 5-20, 5-21, 5-22, 5-23, Hispanics 6-9,

6-17, 6-18, 6-20, 6-21, 6-22, 6-23, definition Appendix A

‘‘Household’’

Household size, former home: comparisons 2-10, owners 3-10, renters 4-10, Blacks 5-10, Hispanics 6-10, definition Appendix A ‘‘Persons—previous residence’’

Housing unit: definition Appendix A ‘‘Housing units,’’

Appendix C ‘‘Housing unit definition’’

Inadequate heating capacity: comparisons 2-6, owners

3-6, renters 4-6, Blacks 5-6, Hispanics 6-6, definition

Appendix A ‘‘Heating equipment and heating equipment

breakdowns’’

Inadequate homes: see Appendix A ‘‘Problems’’

INDEX FOR TABLES AND APPENDIXES Index-11

U.S. Census Bureau
Inadequate insulation: comparisons 2-6, owners 3-6,

renters 4-6, Blacks 5-6, Hispanics 6-6, definition Appendix A ‘‘Heating equipment and heating equipment breakdowns’’

Income: column heading in most tables, comparisons

2-12, 2-17, 2-18, 2-19, 2-20, 2-23 owners 3-12, 3-17,

3-18, 3-19, 3-20, 3-22, 3-23, renters 4-12, 4-17, 4-18,

4-19, 4-20, 4-23, Blacks 5-12, 5-17, 5-18, 5-19, 5-20,

5-22, 5-23, Hispanics 6-12, 6-17, 6-18, 6-19, 6-20, 6-22,

6-23, definition Appendix A ‘‘Current income,’’ Appendixes A and C ‘‘Income’’

Income verification for rent reductions: vacant homes

1-7, comparisons 2-12, 2-20, 2-21, renters 4-12, 4-20,

4-21, Blacks 5-12, 5-20, 5-21, Hispanics 6-12, 6-20, 6-21,

definition Appendix A ‘‘Rent reductions’’

Income, negative or zero: comparisons 2-13, 2-19,

2-20, 2-21, 2-23, owners 3-13, 3-19, 3-20, 3-21, 3-22,

3-23, renters 4-13, 4-19, 4-20, 4-21, 4-23, Blacks 5-13,

5-19, 5-20, 5-21, 5-22, 5-23, Hispanics 6-13, 6-19, 6-20,

6-21, 6-22, 6-23, definition Appendix A ‘‘Ratio of value to

current income’’

Incompleteness of data: Appendix D ‘‘Incomplete Data’’

Indian (American Indian): comparisons 2-1, 2-23, owners 3-1, 3-23, renters 4-1, 4-23, Blacks 5-1, 5-23, Hispanics 6-1, 6-23, definition Appendixes A and C ‘‘Race’’

Industrial neighbors: vacant homes 1-6, comparisons

2-8, owners 3-8, renters 4-8, Blacks 5-8, Hispanics 6-8,

definition Appendix A ‘‘Description of area within 300

feet,’’ Appendix C ‘‘Buildings and neighborhood’’

Inheritance of home: comparisons 2-20, 2-21, owners

3-14, 3-20, 3-21, 3-22, Blacks 5-14, 5-20, 5-21, 5-22,

Hispanics 6-14, 6-20, 6-21, 6-22, definition Appendix A

‘‘Year unit acquired’’

Institutional neighbors: vacant homes 1-6, comparisons 2-8, owners 3-8, renters 4-8, Blacks 5-8, Hispanics

6-8, definition Appendix A ‘‘Description of area within

300 feet,’’ Appendix C ‘‘Buildings and neighborhood’’

Insulation, inadequate: comparisons 2-6, owners 3-6,

renters 4-6, Blacks 5-6, Hispanics 6-6, definition Appendix A ‘‘Heating equipment and heating equipment breakdowns’’

Insurance in monthly payment: comparisons 2-19,

owners 3-15, 3-19, Blacks 5-15, 5-19, Hispanics 6-15,

6-19, definition Appendix A ‘‘Monthly housing costs’’

Insurance, cost: comparisons 2-13, owners 3-13, renters

4-13, Blacks 5-13, Hispanics 6-13, definition Appendix A

‘‘Monthly housing costs’’

Insurance, mortgage: comparisons 2-19, owners 3-15,

3-19, Blacks 5-15, 5-19, Hispanics 6-15, 6-19, definition

Appendix A ‘‘Items Included in primary mortgage payment’’

Interest and principal, cost: comparisons 2-13, 2-19,

2-20, 2-21, owners 3-13, 3-19, 3-20, 3-21, 3-22, Blacks

5-13, 5-19, 5-20, 5-21, 5-22, Hispanics 6-13, 6-19, 6-20,

6-21, 6-22, definition Appendix A ‘‘Items Included in primary mortgage payment’’

Interest income: comparisons 2-12, owners 3-12, renters 4-12, Blacks 5-12, Hispanics 6-12, definition Appendix A ‘‘Income’’

Interest rate on mortgage: owners 3-15, Blacks 5-15,

Hispanics 6-15, definition Appendix A and c ‘‘Current

interest rate’’

Interviews, errors: definition Appendix D ’’Errors‘‘

Interviews, number: definition Appendix B ‘‘Sample

size’’

Interviews, telephone: definition Appendix C ‘‘Telephone interviewing’’

Investment for down payment: owners 3-14, Blacks

5-14, Hispanics 6-14, definition Appendix A ‘‘Major

source of downpayment’’

Investments and savings: comparisons 2-12, owners

3-12, renters 4-12, Blacks 5-12, Hispanics 6-12, definition Appendix A ‘‘Amount of savings and investments’’

Item nonresponse: definition Appendix D ‘‘Missing data’’

Job commuting caused move: comparisons 2-11, owners 3-11, renters 4-11, Blacks 5-11, Hispanics 6-11, definition Appendix A ‘‘Reasons for leaving previous unit’

Job transfer caused move: comparisons 2-11, owners

3-11, renters 4-11, Blacks 5-11, Hispanics 6-11, definition Appendix A ‘‘Reasons for leaving previous unit’’

Junk on streets or lots: vacant homes 1-6, comparisons

2-8, owners 3-8, renters 4-8, Blacks 5-8, Hispanics 6-8,

definition Appendix A ‘‘Neighborhood conditions,’’

‘‘Trash, litter, or junk on streets or any properties,’’

Appendix C ‘‘Buildings and neighborhood’’

Kerosene, uses: vacant homes 1-5, comparisons 2-5,

2-20, 2-21, 2-23, owners 3-5, 3-20, 3-21, 3-22, 3-23,

renters 4-5, 4-20, 4-21, 4-23, Blacks 5-5, 5-20, 5-21,

5-22, 5-23, Hispanics 6-5, 6-20, 6-21, 6-22, 6-23, definition Appendix A ‘‘Fuels’’

Kitchen: see Appendix A ‘‘Equipment,’’ Appendix C

‘‘Kitchen’’

Kitchen attractive (reason to live here): comparisons

2-11, owners 3-11, renters 4-11, Blacks 5-11, Hispanics

6-11, definition Appendix A ‘‘Choice of present home and

home search’’

Index-12 INDEX FOR TABLES AND APPENDIXES

U.S. Census Bureau
Kitchen present: vacant homes 1-4, comparisons 2-4,

2-23, owners 3-4, 3-23, renters 4-4, 4-23, Blacks 5-4,

5-23, Hispanics 6-4, 6-23,definition Appendix A ‘‘Equipment,’’ C ‘‘Rooms in unit’’

Kitchen problems: comparisons 2-7, owners 3-7, renters

4-7, Blacks 5-7, Hispanics 6-7, definition Appendix A

‘‘Physical problems’’

Lake nearby (body of water): vacant homes 1-6, comparisons 2-8, owners 3-8, renters 4-8, Blacks 5-8, Hispanics 6-8, definition Appendix A ‘‘Description of area within

300 feet,’’ Appendix C ‘‘Buildings and neighborhood’’

Land rent: vacant homes 1-7, comparisons 2-13, owners

3-13, Blacks 5-13, Hispanics 6-13, definition Appendix A

‘‘Other housing costs per month’’

Land used for down payment: owners 3-14, Blacks

5-14, Hispanics 6-14, definition Appendix A ‘‘Major

source of down payment’’

Landlady or landlord lives on property: vacant homes

1-6, comparisons 2-7, renters 4-7, Blacks 5-7, Hispanics

6-7, definition Appendix A ‘‘Owner or manager on property’’

Large home, moved to: comparisons 2-11, owners 3-11,

renters 4-11, Blacks 5-11, Hispanics 6-11, definition

Appendix A ‘‘Reasons for leaving previous home’’

Last home: comparisons 2-10, 2-11, owners 3-10, 3-11,

renters 4-10, 4-11, Blacks 5-10, 5-11, Hispanics 6-10,

6-11, definition Appendix A ‘‘Location of previous unit’’

Last occupancy date: vacant homes 1-1, definition

Appendix A ‘‘Previous occupancy’’

Last used as permanent residence: see Appendix A

‘‘Vacancy, seasonality, and marketing’’

Latin Americans (Hispanics): column heading in most

tables, comparisons 2-1, 2-23, owners 3-1, 3-23, renters

4-1, 4-23, Blacks 5-1, 5-23, Hispanics 6-1, 6-23, definition Appendix A ‘‘Hispanic’’

Layout of home (reason to live here): comparisons

2-11, owners 3-11, renters 4-11, Blacks 5-11, Hispanics

6-11, definition Appendix A ‘‘Choice of present home and

home search’’

Leaks: comparisons 2-7, owners 3-7, renters 4-7, Blacks

5-7, Hispanics 6-7, definition Appendix A ‘‘Physical problems’’

Leisure activities (reason to live here): comparisons

2-11, owners 3-11, renters 4-11, Blacks 5-11, Hispanics

6-11, definition Appendix A ‘‘Choice of present neighborhood’’

Lenders of primary and secondary mortgage: comparisons 2-19, owners 3-15, 3-19, Blacks 5-15, 5-19, Hispanics 6-15, 6-19, definition Appendix A ‘‘Lenders of primary and secondary mortgage’’

Length of mortgage: owners 3-15, Blacks 5-15, Hispanics 6-15, definition Appendix A ‘‘Term of primary mortgage at origination of assumption’’

Length of ownership: owners 3-14, Blacks 5-14, Hispanics 6-14, definition Appendix A ‘‘Year unit acquired’’

Length of stay: comparisons 2-9, owners 3-9, renters

4-9, Blacks 5-9, Hispanics 6-9, definition Appendix A

‘‘Year householder moved into unit’’

Length of time since permanent residence: vacant

homes 1-1, definition Appendix A ‘‘Vacancy, seasonality,

and marketing’’

Length of vacancy: vacant homes 1-1, definition Appendix A ‘‘Vacancy, seasonality, and marketing’’

Level mortgage payments: comparisons 2-19, owners

3-15, 3-19, Blacks 5-15, 5-19, Hispanics 6-15, 6-19, definition Appendix A ‘‘Payment plans of primary and secondary mortgages’’

Light fixtures in public hall: vacant homes 1-2, comparisons 2-2, owners 3-2, renters 4-2, Blacks 5-2, Hispanics 6-2, definition Appendix A ‘‘Light fixtures in public

halls’’

Litter nearby: comparisons 2-8, owners 3-8, renters 4-8,

Blacks 5-8, Hispanics 6-8, definition Appendix A ‘‘Neighborhood conditions,’’ Appendix C ‘‘Buildings and neighborhood’’

Litter on streets or lots: vacant homes 1-6, comparisons 2-8, owners 3-8, renters 4-8, Blacks 5-8, Hispanics

6-8, definition Appendix A ‘‘Neighborhood conditions,’’

Appendix C ‘‘Buildings and neighborhood’’

Living quarters: see Appendix A ‘‘Housing units’’

Living rooms: vacant homes 1-6, comparisons 2-7, 2-23,

owners 3-7, 3-23, renters 4-7, 4-23, Blacks 5-7, 5-23,

Hispanics 6-7, 6-23, definition Appendix A ‘‘Selected

amenities,’’ Appendix C ‘‘Rooms in unit’’

Loan to value ratio: owners 3-15, Blacks 5-15, Hispanics

6-15, definition Appendix A ‘‘Current total loan as percent of value’’

Local housing subsidy: vacant homes 1-7, comparisons

2-12, 2-20, 2-21, renters 4-12, 4-20, 4-21, Blacks 5-12,

5-20, 5-21, Hispanics 6-12, 6-20, 6-21, definition Appendix A ‘‘Rent reductions’’

Local mortgage program: owners 3-15, Blacks 5-15,

Hispanics 6-15, definition Appendix A ‘‘Lower cost state

and local mortgages’’

INDEX FOR TABLES AND APPENDIXES Index-13

U.S. Census Bureau
Location of previous unit: comparisons 2-10, owners

3-10, renters 4-10, Blacks 5-10, Hispanics 6-10, definition Appendix A ‘‘Location of previous unit’’

Lodgers: comparisons 2-9, 2-12, owners 3-9, 3-12, renters 4-9, 4-12, Blacks 5-9, 5-12, Hispanics 6-9, 6-12, definition Appendix A ‘‘Household,’’ Appendix C ‘‘Lodgers’’

Lodgers’ rent: comparisons 2-13, owners 3-13, renters

4-13, Blacks 5-13, Hispanics 6-13, definition Appendix A

‘‘Rent paid by lodgers’’

Loose steps: vacant homes 1-2, comparisons 2-2, owners 3-2, renters 4-2, Blacks 5-2, Hispanics 6-2, definition

Appendix A ‘‘Common stairways’’

Lot size: vacant homes 1-3, comparisons 2-3, 2-17, 2-18,

owners 3-3, 3-17, 3-18, renters 4-3, 4-17, 4-18, Blacks

5-3, 5-17, 5-18, Hispanics 6-3, 6-17, 6-18, definition

Appendix A ‘‘Lot size’’

Lots, trash on neighbors: vacant homes 1-6, comparisons 2-8, owners 3-8, renters 4-8, Blacks 5-8, Hispanics

6-8, definition Appendix A ‘‘Trash, litter, or junk on

streets or any properties,’’ Appendix C ‘‘Buildings and

neighborhood’’

Low cost: see Cost, Appendix A ‘‘Monthly housing costs,’’

‘‘Monthly costs for electricity and gas,’’ ‘‘Monthly housing

costs as percent of current income,’’ and ‘‘Monthly payment for principal and interest’’

Low income: see Income

Low rise: vacant homes 1-2, comparisons 2-2, owners

3-2, renters 4-2, Blacks 5-2, Hispanics 6-2, definition

Appendix A ‘‘Stories in structures’’

Lower cost mortgages: owners 3-15, Blacks 5-15, Hispanics 6-15, definition Appendix A ‘‘Lower cost state and

local mortgages’’

LPG (bottled gas), cost: comparisons 2-13, owners

3-13, renters 4-13, Blacks 5-13, Hispanics 6-13, definition Appendix A ‘‘Monthly costs for electricity and gas’’

LPG (bottled gas), uses: comparisons 2-5, 2-20, 2-21,

2-23 owners 3-5, 3-20, 3-21, 3-22, 3-23, renters 4-5,

4-20, 4-21, 4-23, Blacks 5-5, 5-20, 5-21, 5-22, 5-23, Hispanics 6-5, 6-20, 6-21, 6-22, 6-23, definition Appendix A

‘‘Fuels’’

Maintenance caused move: comparisons 2-11, owners

3-11, renters 4-11, Blacks 5-11, Hispanics 6-11, definition Appendix A ‘‘Reasons for leaving previous unit’’

Maintenance cost (routine maintenance last year):

comparisons 2-13, owners 3-13, Blacks 5-13, Hispanics

6-13, definition Appendix A ‘‘Monthly housing costs,’’

‘‘Change in housing costs’’

Maintenance problem: comparisons 2-7, owners 3-7,

renters 4-7, Blacks 5-7, Hispanics 6-7, definition Appendix A ‘‘Physical problems’’

Major source of downpayment: comparisons owners

3-14, Blacks 5-14, Hispanics 6-14, definition Appendix A

‘‘Major source of downpayment’’

Males: comparisons 2-9, 2-20, 2-21, owners 3-9, 3-20,

3-21, 3-22, 2-23, renters 4-9, 4-20, 4-21, 4-23, Blacks

5-9, 5-20, 5-21, 5-22, 5-23, Hispanics 6-9, 6-20, 6-21,

6-22, 6-23, definition Appendix A ‘‘Household composition’’

Manager of rental lives on property: vacant homes

1-6, comparisons 2-7, renters 4-7, Blacks 5-7, Hispanics

6-7, definition Appendix A ‘‘Owner or manager on property’’

Manufactured homes: see Appendix A ‘‘Mobile homes’’

Married couples: comparisons 2-9, 2-20, 2-21, 2-23,

owners 3-9, 3-20, 3-21, 3-22, 3-23, renters 4-9, 4-20,

4-21, 4-23,Blacks 5-9, 5-20, 5-21, 5-22, 5-23, Hispanics

6-9, 6-20, 6-21, 6-22, 6-23, definition Appendix A

‘‘Household composition,’’ Appendix C ‘‘Married-coupled

families’’

Married, causing move: comparisons 2-11, owners

3-11, renters 4-11, Blacks 5-11, Hispanics 6-11, definition Appendix A ‘‘Reasons for leaving previous unit’’

Medians: definition Appendix A ‘‘Medians’’

Medical office: vacant homes 1-7, owners 3-14, Blacks

5-14, Hispanics 6-14, definition Appendix A ‘‘Other

activities on property’’

Men: comparisons 2-9, 2-20, 2-21, 2-23, owners 3-9,

3-20, 3-21, 3-22, 3-23, renters 4-9, 4-20, 4-21, 4-23,

Blacks 5-9, 5-20, 5-21, 5-22, 5-23, Hispanics 6-9, 6-20,

6-21, 6-22, 6-23, definition Appendix A ‘‘Household composition’’

Microdata: See Explanations and Cautions ‘‘Data Availability’’

Microfiche: See Explanations and Cautions ‘‘Data Availability’’

Middle age: see Appendix A ‘‘Age’’

Middle cost: see Appendix A ‘‘Cost’’

Middle income: see Appendix A ‘‘Income’’

Minors: comparisons 2-9, 2-20, 2-21, owners 3-9, 3-20,

3-21, 3-22, renters 4-9, 4-20, 4-21, Blacks 5-9, 5-20,

5-21, 5-22, Hispanics 6-9, 6-20, 6-21, 6-22, definition

Appendix A ‘‘Household composition’’

Missing interviews: Appendix D ‘‘Missing data’’

Mistakes (nonsampling error): Appendix D ‘‘Wrong

answers’’

Index-14 INDEX FOR TABLES AND APPENDIXES

U.S. Census Bureau
Mobile home: column heading in most tables, vacant

homes 1-1, comparisons 2-1, 2-20, 2-21, 2-23, owners

3-1, 3-20, 3-21, 3-22, 3-23, renters 4-1, 4-20, 4-21, 4-23,

Blacks 5-1, 5-20, 5-21, 5-22, 5-23, Hispanics 6-1, 6-20,

6-21, 6-22, 6-23, definition Appendixes A and C ‘‘Mobile

homes,’’ ‘‘Housing units’’

Mobile home park fee: vacant homes 1-7, comparisons

2-13, owners 3-13, Blacks 5-13, Hispanics 6-13, definition Appendix A ‘‘Other housing costs per month’’

Mobile home site: vacant homes 1-2, comparisons 2-2,

owners 3-2, renters 4-2, Blacks 5-2, Hispanics 6-2, definition Appendix A ‘‘Site placement’’

Mobile home, former home: comparisons 2-10, owners

3-10, renters 4-10, Blacks 5-10, Hispanics 6-10, definition Appendix A ‘‘Structure type of previous residence’’

Mobile homes, choice of: comparisons 2-11, owners

3-11, renters 4-11, Blacks 5-11, Hispanics 6-11, definition Appendix A ‘‘Choice of present home and home

search’’

Mobile homes, size of group: vacant homes 1-6, comparisons 2-8, owners 3-8, renters 4-8, Blacks 5-8, Hispanics 6-8, definition Appendix A ‘‘Mobile homes in group’’

Monthly expenses, additional help: definition Appendixes A and C, same title.

Monthly housing cost: vacant homes 1-7, comparisons

2-13, 2-17, 2-18, 2-19, 2-20, 2-21, 2-23, owners 3-13,

3-17, 3-18, 3-19, 3-20, 3-21, 3-22, 3-23, renters 4-13,

4-17, 4-18, 4-19, 4-20, 4-21, 4-23, Blacks 5-13, 5-17,

5-18, 5-19, 5-20, 5-21, 5-22, 5-23, Hispanics 6-13, 6-17,

6-18, 6-19, 6-20, 6-21, 6-22, 6-23, definition Appendixes

A and C ‘‘Monthly housing costs,’’ Appendix C ‘‘Housing

costs and value’’

Monthly housing cost as percent of current income:

comparisons 2-13, 2-19, 2-20, 2-23, owners 3-13, 3-19,

3-20, 3-22, 3-23, renters 4-13, 4-19, 4-20, 4-23, Blacks

5-13, 5-19, 5-20, 5-22, 5-23, Hispanics 6-13, 6-19, 6-20,

6-22, 6-23, definition Appendix A ‘‘Monthly housing

costs as percent of current income,’’ Appendix C

‘‘Income’’

Mortgage insurance: owners 3-15, 3-19, Blacks 5-15,

5-19, Hispanics 6-15, 6-19, definition Appendix A ‘‘Items

included in primary mortgage payment’’

Mortgage revenue bonds: see Appendix A ‘‘Mortgages

currently on property’’

Mortgage term: owners 3-15, Blacks 5-15, Hispanics

6-15, definition Appendix A ‘‘Term of primary mortgage

at origination of assumption’’

Mortgage, cost: comparisons 2-13, 2-19, 2-20, 2-21,

owners 3-13, 3-19, 3-20, 3-21, 3-22, Blacks 5-13, 5-19,

5-20, 5-21, 5-22, Hispanics 6-13, 6-19, 6-20, 6-21, 6-22,

definition Appendix A ‘‘Total outstanding principal

amount’’

Mortgages: comparisons 2-19, owners 3-15, 3-19, Blacks

5-15, 5-19, Hispanics 6-15, 6-19, definition Appendix A

‘‘Mortgages currently on property’’

Mortgage origination: comparisons 2-19, owners 3-15,

3-19, Blacks 5-15, 5-19, Hispanics 6-15, 6-19, definition

Appendix A ‘‘Mortgage origination’’

Move, reasons: comparisons 2-11, owners 3-11, renters

4-11, Blacks 5-11, Hispanics 6-11, definition Appendix A

‘‘Reasons for leaving previous unit’’

Moved in, past year (recent movers): column heading

in most tables, comparisons 2-9, owners 3-9, renters 4-9,

Blacks 5-9, Hispanics 6-9, definition Appendix A ‘‘Recent

movers’’

Multifamily: vacant homes 1-1, comparisons 2-1, 2-20,

2-21, 2-23, owners 3-1, 3-20, 3-21, 3-22, 3-23, renters

4-1, 4-20, 4-21, 4-23, Blacks 5-1, 5-20, 5-21, 5-22, 5-23,

Hispanics 6-1, 6-20, 6-21, 6-22, 6-23, definition Appendixes A and C ‘‘Persons other than spouse or children’’

Multifamily, choice of: comparisons 2-11, owners 3-11,

renters 4-11, Blacks 5-11, Hispanics 6-11, definition

Appendix A ‘‘Choice of present neighborhood’’

Multifamily, former home: comparisons 2-10, owners

3-10, renters 4-10, Blacks 5-10, Hispanics 6-10, definition Appendix A ‘‘Persons—previous residence’’

Native American (American Indian): comparisons 2-1,

2-23, owners 3-1, 3-23, renters 4-1, 4-23, Blacks 5- 1,

5-23, Hispanics 6-1, 6-23, definition Appendixes A and C

‘‘Race’’

Natural gas, cost: comparisons 2-13, 2-23, owners 3-13,

3-23, renters 4-13, 4-23, Blacks 5-13, 5-23, Hispanics

6-13, 6-23, definition Appendix A ‘‘Monthly costs for

electricity and gas’’

Natural gas, uses: vacant homes 1-5, comparisons 2-5,

2-20, 2-21, 2-23, owners 3-5, 3-20, 3-21, 3-22, 3-23,

renters 4-5, 4-20, 4-21, 4-23, Blacks 5-5, 5-20, 5-21,

5-22, 5-23, Hispanics 6-5, 6-20, 6-21, 6-22, 6-23, definition Appendix A ‘‘Fuels’’

Negative income: comparisons 2-13, 2-19, 2-20, 2-21,

2-23, owners 3-13, 3-14, 3-19, 3-20, 3-21, 3-22, 3-23,

renters 4-13, 4-19, 4-20, 4-21, 4-23, Blacks 5-13, 5-14,

5-19, 5-20, 5-21, 5-22, 5-23, Hispanics 6-13, 6-14, 6-19,

6-20, 6-21, 6-22, 6-23, definition Appendix A ‘‘Ratio of

value to current income,’’ Appendix C ‘‘Income’’

INDEX FOR TABLES AND APPENDIXES Index-15

U.S. Census Bureau
Neighborhood conditions: vacant homes 1-6, comparisons 2-8, owners 3-8, renters 4-8, Blacks 5-8, Hispanics

6-8, definition Appendix A ‘‘Neighborhood conditions

and neighborhood services’’

Neighborhood rating: comparisons 2-8, owners 3-8,

renters 4-8, Blacks 5-8, Hispanics 6-8, definition Appendix A ‘‘Overall opinion of neighborhood’’

Neighborhood, choice of (reason to live here): comparisons 2-11, owners 3-11, renters 4-11, Blacks 5-11,

Hispanics 6-11, definition Appendix A ‘‘Reasons for leaving previous unit’’

Neighborhood, comparison to previous: comparisons

2-11, owners 3-11, renters 4-11, Blacks 5-11, Hispanics

6-11, definition Appendix A ‘‘Choice of present neighborhood’’

Neighborhood, move within: comparisons 2-11, owners 3-11, renters 4-11, Blacks 5-11, Hispanics 6-11, definition Appendix A ‘‘Reasons for leaving previous unit’’

Never occupied: vacant homes 1-1, definition Appendix

A ‘‘Vacancy, seasonality, and marketing’’

New construction: column heading in most tables,

vacant homes 1-1, comparisons 2-1, 2-20, 2-21, 2-23,

owners 3-1, 3-20, 3-21, 3-22, 3-23, renters 4-1, 4-20,

4-21, 4-23, Blacks 5-1, 5-20, 5-21, 5-22, 5-23, Hispanics

6-1, 6-20, 6-21, 6-22, 6-23, definition Appendix A ‘‘Year

Structure Built,’’ Appendix C ‘‘New construction’’

No cash rent: vacant homes 1-7, comparisons 2-13,

2-17, 2-18, 2-19, 2-20, 2-21, 2-23, renters 4-13, 4-17,

4-18, 4-19, 4-20, 4-21, 4-23, Blacks 5-13, 5-17, 5-18,

5-19, 5-20, 5-21, 5-23, Hispanics 6-13, 6-17, 6-18, 6-19,

6-20, 6-21, 6-23, definition Appendix A ‘‘Monthly housing costs,’’ Appendix C ‘‘Housing costs and value’’

Noise nearby: comparisons 2-8, owners 3-8, renters 4-8,

Blacks 5-8, Hispanics 6-8, definition Appendix A ‘‘Neighborhood conditions’’

Noninterview: Definition Appendix B ‘‘Noninterview

adjustment’’

Nonrelatives in home: comparisons 2-9, owners 3-9,

renters 4-9, Blacks 5-9, Hispanics 6-9, definition Appendix A ‘‘Persons other than spouse or children’’

Nonrelatives, former home: comparisons 2-10, owners

3-10, renters 4-10, Blacks 5-10, Hispanics 6-10, definition Appendix A ‘‘Previous home owned or rented by

someone who moved here’’

Nonsampling error: Appendix D ‘‘Sampling errors’’

Number of cases: Appendix B ‘‘Sample size’’

Number of children under 18 years old: comparisons

2-9, owners 3-9, renters 4-9, Blacks 5-9, Hispanics 6-9,

definition Appendix A ‘‘Household composition’’

Number of homes in building: vacant homes 1-1, comparisons 2-1, 2-20, 2-21, 2-23, owners 3-1, 3-20, 3-21,

3-22, 3-23, renters 4-1, 4-20, 4-21, 4-23, Blacks 5-1,

5-20, 5-21, 5-22, 5-23, Hispanics 6-1, 6-20, 6-21, 6-22,

6-23, definition Appendix A ‘‘Units in structure’’

Number of homes in former building: comparisons

2-10, owners 3-10, renters 4-10, Blacks 5-10, Hispanics

6-10, definition Appendix A ‘‘Structure type of previous

residence’’

Occasional use: column heading in chapter 1 (Vacant),

definition Appendix A ‘‘Vacancy, seasonality, and marketing’’

Occupancy prohibition caused move: comparisons

2-11, owners 3-11, renters 4-11, Blacks 5-11, Hispanics

6-11, definition Appendix A ‘‘Reasons for leaving previous unit’’

Occupied previously: comparisons 2-2, owners 3-2,

renters 4-2, Blacks 5-2, Hispanics 6-2, definition Appendix A ‘‘Previous occupancy’’

Ocean nearby (body of water): vacant homes 1-6, comparisons 2-8, owners 3-8, renters 4-8, Blacks 5-8, Hispanics 6-8, definition Appendix A ‘‘Description of area within

300 feet,’’ Appendix C ‘‘Buildings and neighborhood’’

Odors, present: comparisons 2-8, owners 3-8, renters

4-8, Blacks 5-8, Hispanics 6-8, definition Appendix A

‘‘Neighborhood conditions and neighborhood services’’

Offstreet parking: vacant homes 1-6, comparisons 2-7,

2-23 owners 3-7, 3-23, renters 4-7, 4-23, Blacks 5-7,

5-23, Hispanics 6-7, 6-23, definition Appendix A

‘‘Selected amenities’’

Oil, cost: comparisons 2-13, 2-23, owners 3-13, 3-23,

renters 4-13, 4-23, Blacks 5-13, 5-23, Hispanics 6-13,

6-23, definition Appendix A ‘‘Monthly housing costs’’

Oil, uses: vacant homes 1-5, comparisons 2-5, 2-20,

2-21, 2-23, owners 3-5, 3-20, 3-21, 3-22, 3-23, renters

4-5, 4-20, 4-21, 4-23, Blacks 5-5, 5-20, 5-21, 5-22, 5-23,

Hispanics 6-5, 6-20, 6-21, 6-22, 6-23, definition Appendix A ‘‘Fuels’’

Older people: column heading in most tables, comparisons 2-9, 2-20, 2-21, 2-23, owners 3-9, 3-20, 3-21, 3-22,

3-23, renters 4-9, 4-20, 4-21, 4-23, Blacks 5-9, 5-20,

5-21, 5-22, 5-23, Hispanics 6-9, 6-20, 6-21, 6-22, 6-23,

definition Appendix A ‘‘Elderly’’

One-family homes: vacant homes 1-1, comparisons 2-1,

2-20, 2-21, 2-23, owners 3-1, 3-20, 3-21, 3-22, 3-23,

renters 4-1, 4-20, 4-21, 4-23, Blacks 5-1, 5-20, 5-21,

5-22, 5-23, Hispanics 6-1, 6-20, 6-21, 6-22, 6-23, definition Appendix A ‘‘Units in structure’’

Index-16 INDEX FOR TABLES AND APPENDIXES

U.S. Census Bureau
One-family homes, choice of: comparisons 2-11, owners 3-11, renters 4-11, Blacks 5-11, Hispanics 6-11, definition Appendix A ‘‘Choice of present home and home

search’’

One-family homes, former home: comparisons 2-10,

owners 3-10, renters 4-10, Blacks 5-10, Hispanics 6-10,

definition Appendix A ‘‘Persons—previous residence’’

Open space nearby: vacant homes 1-6, comparisons

2-8, owners 3-8, renters 4-8, Blacks 5-8, Hispanics 6-8,

definition Appendix A ‘‘Description of area within 300

feet,’’ Appendix C ‘‘Buildings and neighborhood’’

Opinion of home: comparisons 2-7, owners 3-7, renters

4-7, Blacks 5-7, Hispanics 6-7, definition Appendix A

‘‘Overall opinion of structure’’

Opinion of neighborhood: comparisons 2-8, owners

3-8, renters 4-8, Blacks 5-8, Hispanics 6-8, definition

Appendix A ‘‘Overall opinion of neighborhood’’

Origin: column heading in most tables, comparisons 2-1,

2-23, owners 3-1,3-23, renters 4-1, 4-23, Blacks 5-1,

5-25, 5-23, Hispanics 6-1, 6-23, definition Appendix A

‘‘Hispanic’’

Outhouse: see definition Appendix A ‘‘Sewage disposal

and sewage disposal breakdowns’’

Outside building conditions: vacant homes 1-2, comparisons 2-2, owners 3-2, renters 4-2, Blacks 5-2, Hispanics 6-2, definition Appendix A ‘‘External building conditions,’’ Appendix C ‘‘Buildings and neighborhood’’

Oven: vacant homes 1-4, comparisons 2-4, 2-23, owners

3-4, renters 4-4, 4-23, Blacks 5-4, 5-23, Hispanics 6-4,

6-23, definition Appendix A ‘‘Equipment’’

Own never married children under 18 years old:

comparisons 2-9, 2-23, owners 3-9, 3-23, renters 4-9,

4-23, Blacks 5-9, 6-23, Hispanics 6-9, 6-23, definition

Appendix A ‘‘Household composition’’

Owner occupant: column heading in most tables, comparisons 2-1, 2-19, owners 3-1, 3-19, Blacks 5-1, 5-19,

Hispanics 6-1, 6-19, definition Appendix A ‘‘Tenure’’

Owner occupant, former home: comparisons 2-10,

owners 3-10, renters 4-10, Blacks 5-10, Hispanics 6-10,

definition Appendix A ‘‘Tenure of previous unit’’

Owner occupant, moved to be: comparisons 2-11, owners 3-11, renters 4-11, Blacks 5-11, Hispanics 6-11, definition Appendix A ‘‘Reasons for leaving previous unit’’

Owner of rental lives on property: vacant homes 1-6,

comparisons 2-7, renters 4-7, Blacks 5-7, Hispanics 6-7,

definition Appendix A ‘‘Owner or manager on property’’

Owner, first time: owners 3-14, Blacks 5-14, Hispanics

6-14, definition Appendix A ‘‘First-time owners’’

Ownership sharing: comparisons 2-13, owners 3-13,

Blacks 5-13, Hispanics 6-13, definition Appendix A ‘‘Cost

and ownership sharing’’

Ownership, length: owners 3-14, Blacks 5-14, Hispanics

6-14, definition Appendix A ‘‘Year unit acquired’’

Pacific Islander: comparisons 2-1, owners 3-1, renters

4-1, Blacks 5-1, Hispanics 6-1, definition Appendixes A

and C ‘‘Race’’

Paint, peeling: vacant homes 1-6, comparisons 2-7,

2-23, owners 3-7, 3-23, renters 4-7, 4-23, Blacks 5-7,

5-23, Hispanics 6-7, 6-23, definition Appendix A

‘‘Selected deficiencies’’

Painted surfaces: see Appendix A

Park or open space nearby: vacant homes 1-6, comparisons 2-8, owners 3-8, renters 4-8, Blacks 5-8, Hispanics 6-8, definition Appendix A ‘‘Description of area within

300 feet,’’ Appendix C ‘‘Buildings and neighborhood’’

Parking for this home: vacant homes 1-6, comparisons

2-7, 2-23, owners 3-7, 3-23, renters 4-7, 4-23, Blacks

5-7, 5-23, Hispanics 6-7, 6-23, definition Appendix A

‘‘Selected amenities’’

Parking lots in neighborhood: comparisons 2-8, owners 3-8, renters 4-8, Blacks 5-8, Hispanics 6-8, definition

Appendix A ‘‘Description of area within 300 feet,’’ Appendix C ‘‘Buildings and neighborhood’’

Partners sharing occupancy: comparisons 2-9, owners

3-9, renters 4-9, Blacks 5-9, Hispanics 6-9, definition

Appendix A ‘‘Persons other than spouse or children’’

Patio: vacant homes 1-6, comparisons 2-7, 2-23, owners

3-7,3-23, renters 4-7, 4-23, Blacks 5-7, 5-23, Hispanics

6-7, 6-23, definition Appendix A ‘‘Selected amenities’’

Peeling paint: vacant homes 1-6, comparisons 2-7, 2-23,

owners 3-7, 3-23, renters 4-7, 4-23, Blacks 5-7, 5-23,

Hispanics 6-7, 6-23, definition Appendix A ‘‘Selected deficiencies’’

Pensions: comparisons 2-12, owners 3-12, renters 4-12,

Blacks 5-12, Hispanics 6-12, definition Appendix A and C

‘‘Income’’

People as neighborhood problem: comparisons 2-8,

owners 3-8, renters 4-8, Blacks 5-8, Hispanics 6-8, definition Appendix A ‘‘Neighborhood conditions’’

People in home: comparisons 2-9, 2-17, 2-18, 2-20,

2-21, 2-23, owners 3-9, 3-17, 3-18, 3-20, 3-21, 3-22,

3-23, renters 4-9, 4-17, 4-18, 4-20, 4-21, 4-23, Blacks

5-9, 5-17, 5-18, 5-20, 5-21, 5-22, 5-23, Hispanics 6-9,

6-17, 6-18, 6-20, 6-21, 6-22, 6-23, definition Appendix A

’’Household,’’ ‘‘Population in housing’’

INDEX FOR TABLES AND APPENDIXES Index-17

U.S. Census Bureau
People in home, former home: comparisons 2-10, owners 3-10, renters 4-10, Blacks 5-10, Hispanics 6-10, definition Appendix A ‘‘Persons—previous residence’’

People nearby (reason to live here): comparisons

2-11, owners 3-11, renters 4-11, Blacks 5-11, Hispanics

6-11, definition Appendix A ‘‘Choice of present neighborhood’’

People per room: comparisons 2-3,3-23, owners 3-3,3-

23, renters 4-3, 4-23, Blacks 5-3, 5-23, Hispanics 6-3,

6-23, definition Appendix A ‘‘Persons per room’’

Permanent residence, time since: vacant homes 1-1,

definition Appendix A ‘‘Vacancy, seasonality, and marketing’’

Phone: comparisons 2-7, 2-23, owners 3-7, 3-23, renters

4-7, 4-23, Blacks 5-7, 5-23, Hispanics 6-7, 6-23, definition Appendix A ‘‘Selected amenities’’

Physical problems: column heading in most tables,

comparisons 2-7, 2-23, owners 3-7, 3-23, renters 4-7,

4-23, Blacks 5-7, 5-23, Hispanics 6-7, 6-23, definition

Appendix A ‘‘Physical problems’’

Piped water: vacant homes 1-4, comparisons 2-4, 2-23,

owners 3-4, 3-23, renters 4-4, 4-23, Blacks 5-4, 5-23,

Hispanics 6-4, 6-23, definition Appendixes A and C

‘‘Plumbing facilities’’

Pipes leaked: comparisons 2-7, owners 3-7, renters 4-7,

Blacks 5-7, Hispanics 6-7, definition Appendix A ‘‘Physical problems’’

Place size: vacant homes 1-1, comparisons 2-1, owners

3-1, renters 4-1, Blacks 5-1, Hispanics 6-1, definition

Appendix A ‘‘Places’’

Plaster, broken: vacant homes 1-6, comparisons 2-7,

2-23, owners 3-7, 3-23, renters 4-7, 4-23, Blacks 5-7,

5-23, Hispanics 6-7, 6-23, definition Appendix A

‘‘Selected deficiencies’’

Plumbing: vacant homes 1-4, comparisons 2-4, 2-23,

owners 3-4, 3-23, renters 4-4, 4-23, Blacks 5-4, 5-23,

Hispanics 6-4, 6-23, definition Appendixes A and C

‘‘Plumbing facilities’’

Plumbing problems: comparisons 2-6, 2-7, 2-23, owners 3-6, 3-7, 3-23, renters 4-6, 4-7, 4-23, Blacks 5-6, 5-7,

5-23, Hispanics 6-6, 6-7, 6-23, definition Appendix A

‘‘Physical problems, ’’ Appendix C ‘‘Plumbing facilities’’

Poor home, compared to previous: comparisons 2-11,

owners 3-11, renters 4-11, Blacks 5-11, Hispanics 6-11,

definition Appendix A ‘‘Choice of present home and

home search’’

Poor home, rating of: comparisons 2-7, owners 3-7,

renters 4-7, Blacks 5-7, Hispanics 6-7, definition Appendix A ‘‘Overall opinion of structure’’

Poor neighborhood: comparisons 2-11, owners 3-11,

renters 4-11, Blacks 5-11, Hispanics 6-11, definition

Appendix A ‘‘Choice of neighborhood’’

Poor neighborhood, rating of: comparisons 2-8, owners 3-8, renters 4-8, Blacks 5-8, Hispanics 6-8, definition

Appendix A ‘‘Overall opinion of neighborhood’’

Poor people: column heading in most tables, comparisons 2-12, 2-23, owners 3-12, 3-23, renters 4-12, 4-23,

Blacks 5-12, 5-23, Hispanics 6-12, 6-23, definition

Appendix A ‘‘Poverty status,’’ Appendix C ‘‘Poverty’’

Population in housing units: comparisons 2-9, owners

3-9, renters 4-9, Blacks 5-9, Hispanics 6-9, definition

Appendix A ‘‘Population in housing units’’

Population of places: vacant homes 1-1, comparisons

2-1, owners 3-1, renters 4-1, Blacks 5-1, Hispanics 6-1,

definition Appendix A ‘‘Places’’

Porch: vacant homes 1-6, comparisons 2-7, 2-23, owners

3-7, 3-23, renters 4-7, 4-23, Blacks 5-7, 5-23, Hispanics

6-7, 6-23, definition Appendix A ‘‘Selected amenities’’

Poverty: column heading in most tables, comparisons

2-12, 2-23, owners 3-12, 3-23, renters 4-12, 4-23, Blacks

5-12, 5-23, Hispanics 6-12, 6-23, definition Appendixes

A and C ‘‘Poverty’’

Previous home: comparisons 2-10, 2-11, owners 3-10,

3-11, renters 4-10, 4-11, Blacks 5-10, 5-11, Hispanics

6-10, 6-11, definition Appendix A ‘‘Present and previous

units’’

Previous home’s householder: comparisons 2-9, owners 3-9, renters 4-9, Blacks 5-9, Hispanics 6-9, definition

Appendix A ‘‘Household moves and formation’’

Previous home owned or rented: comparisons 2-10,

owners 3-10, renters 4-10, Blacks 5-10, Hispanics 6-10,

definition Appendix A ‘‘Previous home owned or rented

by someone who moved here’’

Previous occupancy: comparisons 2-2, owners 3-2, renters 4-2, Blacks 5-2, Hispanics 6-2, definition Appendix A

‘‘Previous occupancy’’

Price of home: vacant homes 1-7, comparisons 2-17,

2-18, 2-19, 2-20, 2-21, owners 3-14, 3-17, 3-18, 3-19,

3-20, 3-21, 3-22, Blacks 5-14, 5-17, 5-18, 5-19, 5-20,

5-21, 5-22, Hispanics 6-14, 6-17, 6-18, 6-19, 6-20, 6-21,

6-22, definition Appendix A ‘‘Purchase price,’’ Appendixes A and C ‘‘Value’’

Primary mortgage: comparisons 2-19, owners 3-15,

3-19, Blacks 5-15, 5-19, Hispanics 6-15, 6-19, definition

Appendix A ‘‘Primary mortgage’’

Index-18 INDEX FOR TABLES AND APPENDIXES

U.S. Census Bureau
Principal and interest, cost: comparisons 2-13, 2-19,

2-20, 2-21, owners 3-13, 3-19, 3-20, 3-21, 3-22, Blacks

5-13, 5-19, 5-20, 5-21, 5-22, Hispanics 6-13, 6-19, 6-20,

6-21, 6-22, definition Appendix A ‘‘Monthly payment for

principal and interest’’

Principal amount: owners 3-15, Blacks 5-15, Hispanics

6-15, definition Appendix A ‘‘Total outstanding principal

amount’’

Principal in monthly payment: comparisons 2-19, owners 3-15, 3-19, Blacks 5-15, 5-19, Hispanics 6-15, 6-19,

definition Appendix A ‘‘Payment plans of primary and

secondary mortgages’’

Privy: see Appendix A ‘‘Flush toilet and flush breakdowns’’

Problems, inside: column heading in most tables, comparisons 2-6, 2-7, 2-23, owners 3-6, 3-7, 3-23, renters

4-6, 4-7, 4-23, Blacks 5-6, 5-7, 5-23, Hispanics 6-6, 6-7,

6-23, definition Appendix A ‘‘Primary source of water and

water supply stoppage,’’ ‘‘Flush toilet and flush breakdowns,’’ ‘‘Heating equipment and heating equipment

breakdowns,’’ ‘‘Selected deficiencies,’’ ‘‘Physical problems’’

Problems, outside: vacant homes 1-2, comparisons 2-2,

owners 3-2, renters 4-2, Blacks 5-2, Hispanics 6-2, definition Appendix A ‘‘External building conditions,’’ Appendix C ‘‘Buildings and neighborhood’’

Propane (bottled gas), cost: comparisons 2-13, owners

3-13, renters 4-13, Blacks 5-13, Hispanics 6-13, definition Appendix A ‘‘Monthly costs for electricity and gas’’

Propane (bottled gas), uses: vacant homes 1-5, comparisons 2-5, 2-20, 2-21, 2-23, owners 3-5, 3-20, 3-21,

3-22, 3-23, renters 4-5, 4-20, 4-21, 4-23, Blacks 5-5,

5-20, 5-21, 5-22, 5-23, Hispanics 6-5, 6-20, 6-21, 6-22,

6-23, definition Appendix A ‘‘Fuels’’

Property insurance: comparisons 2-13, owners 3-13,

renters 4-13, Blacks 5-13, Hispanics 6-13, definition

Appendix A ‘‘Property insurance’’

Public assistance (welfare): comparisons 2-12, owners

3-12, renters 4-12, Blacks 5-12, Hispanics 6-12, definition Appendixes A and C ‘‘Income’’

Public halls: vacant homes 1-2, comparisons 2-2, owners

3-2, renters 4-2, Blacks 5-2, Hispanics 6-2, definition

Appendix A ‘‘Light fixtures in public halls’’

Public housing: vacant homes 1-7, comparisons 2-12,

2-20, 2-21, renters 4-12, 4-20, 4-21, Blacks 5-12, 5-20,

5-21, Hispanics 6-12, 6-20, 6-21, definition Appendix A

‘‘Rent reductions’’

Public services: comparisons 2-8, owners 3-8, renters

4-8, Blacks 5-8, Hispanics 6-8, definition Appendix A

‘‘Choice of present neighborhood’’

Public services (reason to live here): comparisons

2-11, owners 3-11, renters 4-11, Blacks 5-11, Hispanics

6-11, definition Appendix A ‘‘Choice of present neighborhood’’

Public transit (reason to live here): comparisons 2-11,

owners 3-11, renters 4-11, Blacks 5-11, Hispanics 6-11,

definition Appendix A ‘‘Choice of present neighborhood’’

Purchase of home (purchase price): vacant homes 1-7,

comparisons 2-20, 2-21, owners 3-14, 3-20, 3-21, 3-22,

Blacks 5-14, 5-20, 5-21, 5-22, Hispanics 6-14, 6-20, 6-21,

6-22, Appendix A ‘‘Purchase price’’

Quality: see ‘‘Amenities,’’ ‘‘Problems,’’ ‘‘ Size,’’ ‘‘Value,’’

‘‘Neighborhood’’

Quality of construction (reason to live here): comparisons 2-11, owners 3-11, renters 4-11, Blacks 5-11,

Hispanics 6-11, definition A ‘‘Choice of present home and

home search’’

Quality, compare past and present home: comparisons 2-11, owners 3-11, renters 4-11, Blacks 5-11, Hispanics 6-11, definition A ‘‘Recent mover comparison to

previous home’’

Race: column heading in most tables, comparisons 2-1,

2-23, owners 3-1, 3-23, enters 4-1, 4-23, Blacks 5-1,

5-23, Hispanics 6-1, 6-23, definition Appendixes A and C

‘‘Race’’

Railings: vacant homes 1-2, comparisons 2-2, owners

3-2, renters 4-2, Blacks 5-2, Hispanics 6-2, definition

Appendix A ‘‘Common stairways’’

Railroad, airport or highway nearby: vacant homes

1-6, comparisons 2-8, owners 3-8, renters 4-8, Blacks

5-8, Hispanics 6-8, definition Appendix A ‘‘Description of

area within 300 feet,’’ Appendix C ‘‘Buildings and neighborhood’’

Ranch income: comparisons 2-12, owners 3-12, renters

4-12, Blacks 5-12, Hispanics 6-12, definition Appendix A

‘‘Income’’

Ranch or open space nearby: vacant homes 1-6, comparisons 2-8, owners 3-8, renters 4-8, Blacks 5-8, Hispanics 6-8, definition Appendix A ‘‘Description of area within

300 feet,’’ Appendix C ‘‘Buildings and neighborhood’’

Rating of home: comparisons 2-7, owners 3-7, renters

4-7, Blacks 5-7, Hispanics 6-7, definition Appendix A

‘‘Overall opinion of structure’’

Rating of neighborhood: comparisons 2-8, owners 3-8,

renters 4-8, Blacks 5-8, Hispanics 6-8, definition Appendix A ‘‘Overall opinion of neighborhood’’

Ratio of house value to current income: comparisons

2-19, 2-20, 2-21, owners 3-14, 3-19, 3-20, 3-21, Blacks

5-14, 5-19, 5-20, 5-21, Hispanics 6-14, 6-19, 6-20, 6-21,

definition Appendix A ‘‘Ratio of value to current income’’

INDEX FOR TABLES AND APPENDIXES Index-19

U.S. Census Bureau
Ratio of loan to value: owners 3-15, Blacks 5-15, Hispanics 6-15, definition Appendix A ‘‘Current total loan as

percent of value’’

Ratio of monthly housing cost to current income:

comparisons 2-13, 2-19, 2-20, owners 3-13, 3-19, 3-20,

3-22, renters 4-13, 4-19, 4-20, Blacks 5-13, 5-19, 5-20,

5-22, Hispanics 6-13, 6-19, 6-20, 6-22, definition Appendix A ‘‘Monthly housing costs as percent of current

income,’’ Appendix C ‘‘Income’’

Rats: comparisons 2-7, 2-23, owners 3-7, 3-23, renters

4-7, 4-23, Blacks 5-7, 5-23, Hispanics 6-7, 6-23, definition Appendix A ‘‘Selected deficiencies’’

Real estate taxes: vacant homes 1-7, comparisons 2-13,

2-19, 2-20, 2-21, owners 3-13, 3-19, 3-20, 3-21, 3-22,

Blacks 5-13, 5-19, 5-20, 5-21, 5-22, Hispanics 6-13, 6-19,

6-20, 6-21, 6-22, definition Appendix A ‘‘Real estate

taxes’’

Reason for move: comparisons 2-11, owners 3-11, renters 4-11, Blacks 5-11, Hispanics 6-11, definition Appendix A ‘‘Reasons for leaving previous unit’’

Recent movers: see ‘‘Moved in past year,’’ column heading in most tables, 2-1, 2-2, 2-3, 2-4, 2-5, 2-6, 2-7, 2-8,

2-9, 2-10, 2-11, 2-12, 2-13, owners 3-1, 3-2, 3-3, 3-4,

3-5, 3-6, 3-7, 3-8, 3-9, 3-10, 3-11, 3-12, 3-13, renters

4-1, 4-2, 4-3, 4-4, 4-5, 4-6, 4-7, 4-8, 4-9, 4-10, 4-11,

4-12, 4-13, Blacks 5-1, 5-2, 5-3, 5-4, 5-5, 5-6, 5-7, 5-8,

5-9, 5-10, 5-11, 5-12, 5-13, Hispanics 6-1, 6-2, 6-3, 6-4,

6-5, 6-6, 6-7, 6-8, 6-9, 6-10, 6-11, 6-12, 6-13, definition

Appendixes A and C ‘‘Recent movers’’

Recreation (reason to live here): comparisons 2-11,

owners 3-11, renters 4-11, Blacks 5-11, Hispanics 6-11,

definition Appendix A ‘‘Choice of present neighborhood’’

Recreation rooms: vacant homes 1-6, comparisons 2-7,

2-23, owners 3-7, 3-23, renters 4-7, 4-23, Blacks 5-7,

5-23, Hispanics 6-7, 6-23, definition Appendix A

‘‘Selected amenities’’

Refrigerator: vacant homes 1-4, comparisons 2-4, 2-23

owners 3-4, 3-23, renters 4-4, 4-23, Blacks 5-4, 5-23,

Hispanics 6-4, 6-23, definition Appendix A ‘‘Equipment’’

Reinterviews: see Appendix D ‘‘Different answers a

month apart’’

Relatives in home: comparisons 2-9, owners 3-9, renters

4-9, Blacks 5-9, Hispanics 6-9, definition Appendix A

‘‘Persons other than spouse or children’’

Relatives nearby (reason to live here): comparisons

2-11, owners 3-11, renters 4-11, Blacks 5-11, Hispanics

6-11, definition Appendix A ‘‘Choice of neighborhood’’

Relatives, former home: comparisons 2-10, owners

3-10, renters 4-10, Blacks 5-10, Hispanics 6-10, definition Appendix A ‘‘Persons—previous residence’’

Rent control: vacant homes 1-7, comparisons 2-12, 2-20,

2-21, renters 4-12, 4-20, 4-21, Blacks 5-12, 5-20, 5-21,

Hispanics 6-12, 6-20, 6-21, definition Appendix A ‘‘Rent

reductions’’

Rent reductions: vacant homes 1-7, comparisons 2-12,

2-20, 2-21, renters 4-12, 4-20, 4-21, Blacks 5-12, 5-20,

5-21, Hispanics 6-12, 6-20, 6-21, definition Appendix A

‘‘Rent reductions’’

Rent to current income ratio: comparisons 2-13, 2-19,

2-20, 2-21, 2-23, renters 4-13, 4-19, 4-23, Blacks 5-13,

5-19, 5-20, 5-22, 5-23, Hispanics 6-13, 6-19, 6-20, 6-22,

6-23, definition Appendix A ‘‘Monthly housing costs as

percent of current’’

Rent, contract: vacant homes 1-7, Appendix A ‘‘Monthly

housing costs’’

Rent, gross: comparisons 2-13, renters 4-13, Blacks

5-13, Hispanics 6-13, definition Appendix A ‘‘Monthly

housing costs’’

Rent, land: vacant homes 1-7, comparisons 2-13, owners

3-13, Blacks 5-13, Hispanics 6-13, definition Appendix A

‘‘Monthly housing costs’’

Rental income: comparisons 2-12, owners 3-12, renters

4-12, Blacks 5-12, Hispanics 6-12, definition Appendix A

‘‘Income’’

Rental vacancy rate: column heading in chapter 1

(Vacant), definition Appendix A ‘‘Vacancy, seasonality,

and marketing’’

Rented, not yet occupied: column heading in chapter 1

(Vacant), definition Appendix A ‘‘Vacancy, seasonality,

and marketing’’

Renter: column heading in most tables, comparisons 2-1,

2-19, owners 3-1, 3-19, renters 4-1, 4-19, Blacks 5-1,

5-19, Hispanics 6-1, 6-19, definition Appendix A ‘‘Tenure’’

Renter’s insurance: comparisons 2-13, renters 4-13,

Blacks 5-13, Hispanics 6-13, definition Appendix A

‘‘Monthly housing costs,’’ Appendix C ‘‘Housing costs and

value’’

Renter, former home: comparisons 2-10, owners 3-10,

renters 4-10, Blacks 5-10, Hispanics 6-10, definition

Appendix A ‘‘Tenure of previous unit’’

Repairs caused move: comparisons 2-11, owners 3-11,

renters 4-11, Blacks 5-11, Hispanics 6-11, definition

Appendix A ‘‘Reasons for leaving previous unit’’

Residence, time since permanent: vacant homes 1-1,

definition Appendix A ‘‘Vacancy, seasonality, and marketing’’

Response error: see ‘‘Wrong answers’’ Appendix D

Index-20 INDEX FOR TABLES AND APPENDIXES

U.S. Census Bureau
River nearby (body of water): vacant homes 1-6, comparisons 2-8, owners 3-8, renters 4-8, Blacks 5-8, Hispanics 6-8, definition Appendix A ‘‘Description of area within

300 feet,’’ Appendix C ‘‘Buildings and neighborhood’’

Rodents (rats): comparisons 2-7, 2-23, owners 3-7, 3-23,

renters 4-7, 4-23, Blacks 5-7, 5-23, Hispanics 6-7, 6-23,

definition Appendix A ‘‘Selected deficiencies’’

Roof condition: vacant homes 1-2, comparisons 2-2,

owners 3-2, renters 4-2, Blacks 5-2, Hispanics 6-2, definition Appendix A ‘‘External building conditions,’’ Appendix C ‘‘Buildings and neighborhood’’

Roof leaked: comparisons 2-7, owners 3-7, renters 4-7,

Blacks 5-7, Hispanics 6-7, definition Appendix A ‘‘Physical problems’’

Rooms: vacant homes 1-3, comparisons 2-3, 2-17, 2-18,

2-20, 2-21, 2-23, owners 3-3, 3-17, 3-18, 3-20, 3-21,

3-22, 3-23, renters 4-3, 4-17, 4-18, 4-20, 4-21, 4-23,

Blacks 5-3, 5-17, 5-18, 5-20, 5-21, 5-22, 5-23, Hispanics

6-3, 6-17, 6-18, 6-20, 6-21, 6-22, 6-23, definition Appendix A ‘‘Rooms,’’ Appendix C ‘‘Rooms in unit’’

Rooms without electric outlets: vacant homes 1-6,

comparisons 2-7, 2-23, owners 3-7, 3-23, renters 4-7,

4-23, Blacks 5-7, 5-23, Hispanics 6-7, 6-23, definition

Appendix A ‘‘Selected deficiencies’’

Rooms, dining, living, recreation, etc.: vacant homes

1-6, comparisons 2-7, 2-23, owners 3-7, 3-23, renters

4-7, 4-23, Blacks 5-7, 5-23, Hispanics 6-7, 6-23, definition Appendix A ‘‘Selected amenities’’

Rooms, used for business: comparisons 2-3, owners

3-3, renters 4-3, Blacks 5-3, Hispanics 6-3, definition

Appendix A ‘‘Rooms used for business’’

Running water: vacant homes 1-4, comparisons 2-4,

2-23, owners 3-4, 3-23, renters 4-4, 4-23, Blacks 5-4,

5-23, Hispanics 6-4, 6-23, Appendixes A and C ‘‘Plumbing facilities’’

Salaries: comparisons 2-12, owners 3-12, renters 4-12,

Blacks 5-12, Hispanics 6-12, definition Appendixes A and

C ‘‘Income’’

Sale of previous home: owners 3-14, Blacks 5-14, Hispanics 6-14, definition Appendix A ‘‘Major source of

down payment’’

Sample: definition Appendix C ‘‘Sample’’

Sample selection: definition Appendix B ‘‘Sample selection’’

Sample size: definition Appendix A, B, and C ‘‘Sample

size’’

Sample size and design: definition Appendix B ‘‘Sample

design and weighting’’

Sampling error: definition Appendix D ‘‘Sampling errors’’

Savings and investments: comparisons 2-12, owners

3-12, renters 4-12, Blacks 5-12, Hispanics 6-12, definition A ‘‘Amount of savings and investments’’

Savings for down payment: owners 3-14, Blacks 5-14,

Hispanics 6-14, definition Appendix A ‘‘Major source of

down payment’’

School commuting caused move: comparisons 2-11,

owners 3-11, renters 4-11, Blacks 5-11, Hispanics 6-11,

definition A ‘‘Reason for leaving previous unit’’

Schooling: comparisons 2-9, owners 3-9, renters 4-9,

Blacks 5-9, Hispanics 6-9, definition Appendix A ‘‘Educational attainment’’

Schools nearby (reason to live here): comparisons

2-11, owners 3-11, renters 4-11, Blacks 5-11, Hispanics

6-11, definition Appendix A ‘‘Choice of present neighborhood’’

Search for home: comparisons 2-11, owners 3-11, renters 4-11, Blacks 5-11, Hispanics 6-11, definition A

‘‘Choice of present home and home search’’

Seasonal home: column heading in chapter 1 (Vacant),

vacant homes 1-1, definition Appendix A ‘‘Vacancy, seasonality, and marketing’’

Secondary families: comparisons 2-9, owners 3-9, renters 4-9, Blacks 5-9, Hispanics 6-9, definition Appendix A

‘‘Persons other than spouse or children’’

Secondary mortgage: comparisons 2-19, owners 3-15,

3-19, Blacks 5-15, 5-19, Hispanics 6-15, 6-19, definition

Appendix A ‘‘Payment plans of primary and secondary

mortgages’’

Self amortizing mortgage payments: comparisons

2-19, owners 3-15, 3-19, Blacks 5-15, 5-19, Hispanics

6-15, 6-19, definition A ‘‘Payment plans of primary and

secondary mortgages’’

Seller financing: comparisons 2-19, owners 3-15, 3-19,

Blacks 5-15, 5-19, Hispanics 6-15, 6-19, definition

Appendix A ‘‘Lenders of primary and secondary mortgages’’

Senior citizens (elderly): column heading in most

tables, comparisons 2-9, 2-20, 2-21, 2-23, owners 3-9,

3-20, 3-21, 3-22, 3-23, renters 4-9, 4-20, 4-21, 4-23,

Blacks 5-9, 5-20, 5-21, 5-22, 5-23, Hispanics 6-9, 6-20,

6-21, 6-22, 6-23, definition Appendix A ‘‘Elderly’’

Separated, causing move: comparisons 2-11, owners

3-11, renters 4-11, Blacks 5-11, Hispanics 6-11, definition Appendix A ‘‘Reasons for leaving previous unit’’

Septic tank: vacant homes 1-4, comparisons 2-4, 2-20,

2-21, owners 3-4, 3-20, 3-21, 3-22, renters 4-4, 4-20,

4-21, Blacks 5-4, 5-20, 5-21, 5-22, Hispanics 6-4, 6-20,

6-21, 6-22, definition Appendix A ‘‘Sewage disposal and

sewage breakdowns’’

INDEX FOR TABLES AND APPENDIXES Index-21

U.S. Census Bureau
Septic tank stoppage: comparisons 2-6, owners 3-6,

renters 4-6, Blacks 5-6, Hispanics 6-6, definition Appendix A ‘‘Sewage disposal and sewing disposal breakdowns’’

Services, city or county: comparisons 2-8, owners 3-8,

renters 4-8, Blacks 5-8, Hispanics 6-8, definition A

‘‘Neighborhood conditions and neighborhood services’’

Sewage disposal: vacant homes 1-4, comparisons 2-4,

2-20, 2-21, owners 3-4, 3-20, 3-21, 3-22, renters 4-4,

4-20, 4-21, Blacks 5-4, 5-20, 5-21, 5-22, Hispanics 6-4,

6-20, 6-21, 6-22, definition A ‘‘Sewage disposal and sewage disposal breakdowns’’

Sewer breakdown: comparisons 2-6, owners 3-6, renters

4-6, Blacks 5-6, Hispanics 6-6, definition A ‘‘Sewage disposal and sewage disposal breakdowns’’

Sex of householder: comparisons 2-9, 2-20, 2-21, 2-23,

owners 3-9, 3-20, 3-21, 3-22, 3-23, renters 4-9, 4-20,

4-21, 4-23, Blacks 5-9, 5-20, 5-21, 5-22, 5-23, Hispanics

6-9, 6-20, 6-21, 6-22, 6-23, definition A ‘‘Household composition’’

Shared cost: comparisons 2-13, owners 3-13, Blacks

5-13, Hispanics 6-13, definition A ‘‘Cost and ownership

sharing’’

Shared ownership: comparisons 2-13, owners 3-13,

Blacks 5-13, Hispanics 6-13, definition A ‘‘Cost and ownership sharing’’

Shared ownership, time sharing: 1-1, definition A and

C ‘‘Time sharing’’

Shower or bathtub: 1-4, comparisons 2-4, 2-23, owners

3-4, 3-23, renters 4-4, 4-23, Blacks 5-4, 5-23, Hispanics

6-4, 6-23, definition Appendix A ‘‘Plumbing facilities’’

Siding condition: vacant homes 1-2, comparisons 2-2,

2-23, owners 3-2, 3-23, renters 4-2, 4-23, Blacks 5-2,

5-23, Hispanics 6-2, 6-23, definition A ‘‘External building

conditions,’’ Appendix C ‘‘Buildings and neighborhood’’

Single family homes: vacant homes 1-1, comparisons

2-1, 2-20, 2-21, 2-23, owners 3-1, 3-20, 3-21, 3-22, 3-23,

renters 4-1, 4-20, 4-21, 4-23, Blacks 5-1, 5-20, 5-21,

5-22, 5-23, Hispanics 6-1, 6-20, 6-21, 6-22, 6-23, definition Appendixes A and C ‘‘Units in structure’’

Single family homes, choice of: comparisons 2-11,

owners 3-11, renters 4-11, Blacks 5-11, Hispanics 6-11,

definition Appendix A ‘‘Choice of present home and

home search’’

Single family, former home: comparisons 2-10, owners

3-10, renters 4-10, Blacks 5-10, Hispanics 6-10, definition Appendix ‘‘Persons—previous residence’’

Single people: comparisons 2-9, 2-20, 2-21, 2-23, owners 3-9, 3-20, 3-21, 3-22, 3-23, renters 4-9, 4-20, 4-21,

4-23, Blacks 5-9, 5-20, 5-21, 5-22, 5-23, Hispanics 6-9,

6-20, 6-21, 6-22, 6-23, definition Appendix A ‘‘Household

composition’’

Sink, kitchen: vacant homes 1-4, comparisons 2-4, 2-23,

owners 3-4, 3-23, renters 4-4, 4-23, Blacks 5-4, 5-23,

Hispanics 6-4, 6-23, definition Appendix A ‘‘Equipment’’

Site, mobile home: vacant homes 1-2, comparisons 2-2,

owners 3-2, renters 4-2, Blacks 5-2, Hispanics 6-2, definition Appendix A ‘‘Site placement’’

Size of building: vacant homes 1-1, comparisons 2-1,

2-20, 2-21, 2-23, owners 3-1, 3-20, 3-21, 3-22, 3-23,

renters 4-1, 4-20, 4-21, 4-23, Blacks 5-1, 5-20, 5-21,

5-22, 5-23, Hispanics 6-1, 6-20, 6-21, 6-22, 6-23, definition Appendixes A and C ‘‘Units in structure’’

Size of building, former home: comparisons 2-10,

owners 3-10, renters 4-10, Blacks 5-10, Hispanics 6-10,

definition Appendix A ‘‘Structure type of previous residence’’

Size of group of mobile homes: vacant homes 1-6,

comparisons 2-8, owners 3-8, renters 4-8, Blacks 5-8,

Hispanics 6-8, definition Appendix A ‘‘Mobile homes in

group’’

Size of home: vacant homes 1-3, comparisons 2-3, 2-17,

2-18, 2-20, 2-21, 2-23, owners 3-3, 3-17, 3-18, 3-20,

3-21, 3-22, 3-23, renters 4-3, 4-17, 4-18, 4-20, 4-21,

4-23, Blacks 5-3, 5-17, 5-18, 5-20, 5-21, 5-22, 5-23, Hispanics 6-3, 6-17, 6-18, 6-20, 6-21, 6-22, 6-23, definition

Appendix A ‘‘Square footage of unit’’

Size of home (reason to live here): comparisons 2-11,

owners 3-11, renters 4-11, Blacks 5-11, Hispanics 6-11,

definition Appendix A ‘‘Choice of present home and

home search’’

Size of home, moved to: comparisons 2-11, owners

3-11, renters 4-11, Blacks 5-11, Hispanics 6-11, definition Appendix A ‘‘Choice of present neighborhood,’’ ‘‘Reason for leaving previous unit’’

Size of household: comparisons 2-9, 2-17, 2-18, 2-20,

2-21, 2-23, owners 3-9, 3-17, 3-18, 3-20, 3-21, 3-22,

3-23, renters 4-9, 4-17, 4-18, 4-20, 4-21, 4-23, Blacks

5-9, 5-17, 5-18, 5-20, 5-21, 5-22, 3-23, Hispanics 6-9,

6-17, 6-18, 6-20, 6-21, 6-22, 6-23, definition Appendix A

‘‘Household’’

Size of household, former home: comparisons 2-10,

owners 3-10, renters 4-10, Blacks 5-10, Hispanics 6-10,

definition Appendix A ‘‘Persons—previous residence’’

Size of lot: vacant homes 1-3, comparisons 2-3, 2-17,

2-18, owners 3-3, 3-17, 3-18, renters 4-3, 4-17, 4-18,

Blacks 5-3, 5-17, 5-18, Hispanics 6-3, 6-17, 6-18, definition Appendix A ‘‘Lot size’’

Index-22 INDEX FOR TABLES AND APPENDIXES

U.S. Census Bureau
Size of town: vacant homes 1-1, comparisons 2-1, owners 3-1, renters 4-1, Blacks 5-1, Hispanics 6-1, definition

Appendix A ‘‘Places’’

Slab foundation: vacant homes 1-2, comparisons 2-2,

owners 3-2, renters 4-2, Blacks 5-2, Hispanics 6-2, definition Appendix A ‘‘Foundation’’

SMSA (obsolete term): see Appendix A ‘‘Metropolitan

areas’’

Social security: comparisons 2-12, owners 3-12, renters

4-12, Blacks 5-12, Hispanics 6-12, definition Appendixes

A and C ‘‘Income’’

Solar energy, uses: vacant homes 1-5, comparisons 2-5,

2-20, 2-21, 2-23, owners 3-5, 3-20, 3-21, 3-22, 3-23,

renters 4-5, 4-20, 4-21, 4-23, Blacks 5-5, 5-20, 5-21,

5-22, 5-23, Hispanics 6-5, 6-20, 6-21, 6-22, 6-23, definition Appendix A ‘‘Fuels’’

Sold: vacant homes 1-5, heading in chapter 1 (Vacant),

definition Appendix A ‘‘Vacancy, seasonality, and marketing’’

Source of water, drinking: comparisons 2-4, owners

3-4, renters 4-4, Blacks 5-4, Hispanics 6-4, definition

Appendix A ‘‘Source of drinking water,’’ Appendix C

‘‘Source of water’’

Source of water, primary: vacant homes 1-4, comparisons 2-4, 2-20, 2-21, 2-23, owners 3-4, 3-20, 3-21, 3-22,

3-23, renters 4-4, 4-20, 4-21, 4-23, Blacks 5-4, 5-20,

5-21, 5-22, 5-23, Hispanics 6-4, 6-20, 6-21, 6-22, 6-23,

definition Appendix A ‘‘Primary source of water and

water supply stoppage,’’ Appendix C ‘‘Source of water’’

Source of water, safety of: vacant homes 1-4, comparisons 2-4, owners 3-4, renters 4-4, Blacks 5-4, Hispanics

6-4, definition Appendix A ‘‘Safety of primary source of

water,’’ Appendix C ‘‘Source of water’’

Spanish Americans (Hispanics): column heading in

most tables, comparisons 2-1, 2-23, owners 3-1, 3-23,

renters 4-1, 4-23, Blacks 5-1, 5-23, Hispanics 6-1, 6-23,

definition Appendix A ‘‘Hispanic’’

Specified owner and renter: comparisons 2-19, owners

3-19, renters 4-19, Blacks 5-19, Hispanics 6-19, definition Appendix A ‘‘Monthly housing costs,’’ Appendix C

‘‘Housing costs and value’’

Spouse: see Appendix A ‘‘Household composition’’

Square footage of home: vacant homes 1-3, comparisons 2-3, 2-18, 2-23, owners 3-3, 3-18, 3-23, renters 4-3,

4-18, 4-23, Blacks 5-3, 5-18, 5-23, Hispanics 6-3, 6-18,

6-23, definition Appendix A ‘‘Square footage of unit’’

Square footage of home per person: comparisons 2-3,

2-23, owners 3-3, 3-23, renters 4-3, 4-23, Blacks 5-3,

5-23, Hispanics 6-3, 6-23, definition Appendix A ‘‘Square

feet per person’’

SSI (supplemental security income): comparisons

2-12, owners 3-12, renters 4-12, Blacks 5-12, Hispanics

6-12, definition Appendixes A and C ‘‘Income’’

Stairways: vacant homes 1-2, comparisons 2-2, owners

3-2, renters 4-2, Blacks 5-2, Hispanics 6-2, definition

Appendix A ‘‘Common stairways’’

Standard error: see Appendix D ‘‘Sampling errors’’

State housing subsidy: vacant homes 1-7, comparisons

2-12, 2-20, 2-21, renters 4-12, 4-20, 4-21, Blacks 5-12,

5-20, 5-21, Hispanics 6-12, 6-20, 6-21, definition Appendix A ‘‘Rent reductions’’

State mortgage program: owners 3-15, Blacks 5-15,

Hispanics 6-15, definition Appendix A ‘‘Lower cost state

and local mortgages’’

Steam heat: vacant homes 1-4, comparisons 2-4, 2-20,

2-21, 2-23, owners 3-4, 3-20, 3-21, 3-22, 3-23, renters

4-4, 4-20, 4-21, 4-23, Blacks 5-4, 5-20, 5-21, 5-22, 5-23,

Hispanics 6-4, 6-20, 6-21, 6-22, 6-23, definition Appendix A ‘‘Heating equipment and heating equipment breakdowns’’

Steps, loose: vacant homes 1-2, comparisons 2-2, owners 3-2, renters 4-2, Blacks 5-2, Hispanics 6-2, definition

Appendix A ‘‘Common stairways’’

Stoppage, heating or toilet (also see leaks): comparisons 2-6, owners 3-6, renters 4-6, Blacks 5-6, Hispanics

6-6, definition Appendix A ‘‘Heating equipment and heating equipment breakdowns,’’ ‘‘Flush toilet and flush toilet

breakdowns,’’ ‘‘Physical problems,’’ Appendix C ‘‘Plumbing facilities’’

Stoppage, water supply or sewage system: comparisons 2-6, owners 3-6, renters 4-6, Blacks 5-6, Hispanics

6-6, definition Appendix A ‘‘Primary source of water and

water supply stoppage,’’ ‘‘Sewage disposal and sewage

disposal breakdowns,’’ Appendix C ‘‘Plumbing facilities’’

Store in building: vacant homes 1-7, owners 3-14,

Blacks 5-14, Hispanics 6-14, definition Appendix A

‘‘Other activities on property’’

Store nearby: vacant homes 1-6, comparisons 2-8, owners 3-8, renters 4-8, Blacks 5-8, Hispanics 6-8, definition

Appendix A ‘‘Description of area within 300 feet,’’ Appendix C ‘‘Buildings and neighborhood’’

Stories in structures: vacant homes 1-2, comparisons

2-2, owners 3-2, renters 4-2, Blacks 5-2, Hispanics 6-2,

definition Appendix A ‘‘Stories in structures,’’ Appendix C

‘‘Buildings and neighborhood’’

Stove, cooking or heating: vacant homes 1-4, comparisons 2-4, 2-23, owners 3-4, 3-23, renters 4-4, 4-23,

Blacks 5-4, 5-23, Hispanics 6-4, 6-23, definition Appendix A ‘‘Equipment’’

INDEX FOR TABLES AND APPENDIXES Index-23

U.S. Census Bureau
Street repairs needed: vacant homes 1-6, comparisons

2-8, owners 3-8, renters 4-8, Blacks 5-8, Hispanics 6-8,

definition Appendix A ‘‘Conditions of streets,’’ Appendix

C ‘‘Buildings and neighborhood’’

Streets, trash: vacant homes 1-6, comparisons 2-8, owners 3-8, renters 4-8, Blacks 5-8, Hispanics 6-8, definition

Appendixes A and C ‘‘Trash, litter, or junk on streets or

any properties’’

Subfamilies: comparisons 2-9, owners 3-9, renters 4-9,

Blacks 5-9, Hispanics 6-9, definition Appendix A ‘‘Persons

other than spouse or children’’

Subsidized mortgages: owners 3-15, Blacks 5-15, Hispanics 6-15, definition Appendix A ‘‘Lower cost state and

local mortgages’’

Subsidized rentals: vacant homes 1-7, comparisons

2-12, 2-20, 2-21, renters 4-12, 4-20, 4-21, Blacks 5-12,

5-20, 5-21, Hispanics 6-12, 6-20, 6-21, definition Appendix A ‘‘Rent reductions’’

Subsidy for food: comparisons 2-12, owners 3-12, renters 4-12, Blacks 5-12, Hispanics 6-12, definition Appendix A ‘‘Food stamps’’

Substandard (obsolete term): see definition Appendix

A ‘‘Problems’’

Suburbs: column heading in most tables, vacant homes

1-1, comparisons 2-1, owners 3-1, renters 4-1, Blacks

5-1, Hispanics 6-1, definition Appendix A ‘‘Suburbs,’’

‘‘Central cities,’’ and ‘‘Metropolitan areas’’

Suitable for year-round use: vacant homes 1-1, definition Appendix A ‘‘Vacancy, seasonality, and marketing’’

Supplemental security income (SSI): comparisons

2-12, owners 3-12, renters 4-12, Blacks 5-12, Hispanics

6-12, definition Appendix A ‘‘Income’’

Survey nonresponse: see Appendix D ‘‘Missing data,’’

Appendix B ‘‘Noninterview adjustment’’

Taxes in monthly payment: comparisons owners 3-15,

Blacks 5-15, Hispanics 6-15, elderly 7-15, definition

Appendix A ‘‘Monthly housing costs’’

Taxes, real estate, cost: vacant homes 1-7, comparisons

2-13, 2-19, 2-20, 2-21, owners 3-13, 3-19, 3-20, 3-21,

3-22, Blacks 5-13, 5-19, 5-20, 5-21, 5-22, Hispanics 6-13,

6-19, 6-20, 6-21, 6-22, definition Appendix A ‘‘Real

estate taxes,’’ ‘‘Annual taxes paid per $1,000 value’’

Telephone: comparisons 2-7, 2-23, owners 3-7, 3-23,

renters 4-7, 4-23, Blacks 5-7, 5-23, Hispanics 6-7, 6-23,

definition Appendix A ‘‘Selected amenities’’

Telephone interviewing: see Appendix C ‘‘Telephone

Interviewing’’

Temperature, cold indoors: comparisons 2-6, owners

3-6, renters 4-6, Blacks 5-6, Hispanics 6-6, definition

Appendix A ‘‘Heating equipment and heating equipment

breakdowns,’’ Appendix C ‘‘Plumbing facilities’’

Tenure (owner-renter): column heading in most tables,

comparisons 2-1, owners 3-1, renters 4-1, Blacks 5-1,

Hispanics 6-1, definition Appendix A ‘‘Tenure’’

Tenure, former home: comparisons 2-10, owners 3-10,

renters 4-10, Blacks 5-10, Hispanics 6-10, definition

Appendix A ‘‘Tenure of previous unit’’

Tenure, moved to change: comparisons 2-11, owners

3-11, renters 4-11, Blacks 5-11, Hispanics 6-11, definition Appendix A ‘‘Reasons for leaving previous unit’’

Term of mortgage: owners 3-15, Blacks 5-15, Hispanics

6-15, definition Appendix A ‘‘Term of primary mortgage

at origination of assumption’’

Time shared homes: 1-1, definition Appendixes A and C

‘‘Time sharing’’

Toilet (also see bathrooms): 1-4, comparisons 2-4,

2-23, owners 3-4, 3-23, renters 4-4, 4-23, Blacks 5-4,

5-23, Hispanics 6-4, 6-23, definition Appendix A ‘‘Complete bathrooms,’’ Appendixes A and C ‘‘Plumbing facilities’’

Toilet stoppage (also see leaks): comparisons 2-6,

owners 3-6, renters 4-6, Blacks 5-6, Hispanics 6-6, definition Appendix A ‘‘Flush toilet and flush toilet breakdowns,’’ ‘‘Physical problems,’’ Appendix C ‘‘Plumbing

facilities’’

Town population: comparisons 2-1, owners 3-1, renters

4-1, Blacks 5-1, Hispanics 6-1, definition Appendix A

‘‘Places’’

Traffic nearby: comparisons 2-8, owners 3-8, renters

4-8, Blacks 5-8, Hispanics 6-8, definition Appendix A

‘‘Neighborhood conditions and neighborhood services,’’

Appendix C ‘‘Buildings and neighborhood’’

Trailer (mobile home): column heading in most tables,

vacant homes 1-1, comparisons 2-1, 2-20, 2-21, 2-23,

owners 3-1, 3-20, 3-21, 3-22, 3-23, renters 4-1, 4-20,

4-21, 4-23, Blacks 5-1, 5-20, 5-21, 5-22, 5-23, Hispanics

6-1, 6-20, 6-21, 6-22, 6-23, definition Appendixes A and

C ‘‘Mobile homes,’’ Appendixes A and C ‘‘Housing units’’

Trailer (mobile home), former home: comparisons

2-10, owners 3-10, renters 4-10, Blacks 5-10, Hispanics

6-10, definition Appendix A ‘‘Structure type of previous

residence’’

Trailers (mobile homes), choice of: comparisons 2-11,

owners 3-11, renters 4-11, Blacks 5-11, Hispanics 6-11,

definition Appendix A ‘‘Choice of present home and

home search’’

Index-24 INDEX FOR TABLES AND APPENDIXES

U.S. Census Bureau
Transit, public (reason to live here): comparisons

2-11, owners 3-11, renters 4-11, Blacks 5-11, Hispanics

6-11, definition Appendix A ‘‘Choice of present neighborhood’’

Trash on streets or lots: vacant homes 1-6, comparisons 2-8, owners 3-8, renters 4-8, Blacks 5-8, Hispanics

6-8, definition Appendix A ‘‘Neighborhood conditions,’’

Appendix C ‘‘Buildings and neighborhood’’

Trash, cost: comparisons 2-13, owners 3-13, renters

4-13, Blacks 5-13, Hispanics 6-13, definition Appendix A

‘‘Monthly housing costs’’

Trees attractive (reason to live here): comparisons

2-11, owners 3-11, renters 4-11, Blacks 5-11, Hispanics

6-11, definition Appendix A ‘‘Choice of present home and

home search’’

Triplexes: see Appendix A ‘‘Units in structure’’

Trucks, traffic nearby: comparisons 2-8, owners 3-8,

renters 4-8, Blacks 5-8, Hispanics 6-8, definition Appendix A ‘‘Neighborhood conditions,’’ Appendix C ‘‘Buildings

and neighborhood’’

Uncomfortably cold: comparisons 2-6, owners 3-6, renters 4-6, Blacks 5-6, Hispanics 6-6, definition Appendix A

‘‘Heating equipment and heating equipment breakdowns,’’ Appendix C ‘‘Plumbing facilities’’

Undercoverage of sample: see Appendix D ‘‘Coverage

errors’’

Unfit for occupancy caused move: comparisons 2-11,

owners 3-11, renters 4-11, Blacks 5-11, Hispanics 6-11,

definition Appendix A ‘‘Reasons for leaving previous

unit’’

Units in structure: vacant homes 1-1, comparisons 2-1,

2-20, 2-21, 2-23, owners 3-1, 3-20, 3-21, 3-22, 3-23,

renters 4-1, 4-20, 4-21, 4-23, Blacks 5-1, 5-20, 5-21,

5-22, 5-23, Hispanics 6-1, 6-20, 6-21, 6-22, 6-23, definition Appendixes A and C ‘‘Units in structure’’

Upkeep (maintenance cost): comparisons 2-13, owners

3-13, Blacks 5-13, Hispanics 6-13, definition Appendix A

‘‘Monthly housing costs,’’ ‘‘Change in housing costs’’

Upkeep problem: comparisons 2-7, 2-23, owners 3-7,

3-23, renters 4-7, 4-23, Blacks 5-7, 5-23, Hispanics 6-7,

6-23, definition Appendix A ‘‘Physical problems’’

Urban: comparisons 2-1, owners 3-1, renters 4-1, Blacks

5-1, Hispanics 6-1, definition Appendix A ‘‘Urban and

rural residence’’

URE (usual residence elsewhere): column heading in

chapter 1 (Vacant), definition Appendix A ‘‘Vacancy, seasonality, and marketing’’

Utilities interruption, heat: comparisons 2-6, owners

3-6, renters 4-6, Blacks 5-6, Hispanics 6-6, definition

Appendix A ‘‘Heating equipment and heating equipment

breakdowns’’

Utilities, cost: comparisons 2-13, 2-23, owners 3-13,

3-23, renters 4-13, 4-23, Blacks 5-13, 5-23, Hispanics

6-13, 6-23, definition Appendix A ‘‘Monthly costs for

electricity and gas, ’’Appendix C ‘‘Utilities’’

Utilities, heating equipment: vacant homes 1-4, comparisons 2-4, 2-20, 2-21, 2-23, owners 3-4, 3-20, 3-21,

3-22, 3-23, renters 4-4, 4-20, 4-21, 4-23, Blacks 5-4,

5-20, 5-21, 5-22, 5-23, Hispanics 6-4, 6-20, 6-21, 6-22,

6-23, definition Appendix A ‘‘Heating equipment and

heating equipment breakdowns’’

Utilities, uses: vacant homes 1-5, comparisons 2-5,

2-20, 2-21, 2-23, owners 3-5, 3-20, 3-21, 3-22, 3-23,

renters 4-5, 4-20, 4-21, 4-23, Blacks 5-5, 5-20, 5-21,

5-22, 5-23, Hispanics 6-5, 6-20, 6-21, 6-22, 6-23, definition Appendix A ‘‘Fuels’’

VA (veterans administration): comparisons 2-19, owners 3-15, 3-19, Blacks 5-15, 5-19, Hispanics 6-15, 6-19,

definition Appendix A ‘‘Type of primary mortgage’’

Vacancy length: vacant homes 1-1, definition A ‘‘Vacancy,

seasonality, and marketing’’

Vacancy rate: column heading in chapter 1 (Vacant),

Appendix A ‘‘Vacancy, seasonality, and marketing,’’

Appendix C ‘‘Housing units’’

Vacancy units: Appendix A ‘‘Vacancy, seasonality, and

marketing,’’ Appendix C ‘‘Housing units,’’ ‘‘Weighting’’

Value of home: vacant homes 1-7, comparisons 2-17,

2-18, 2-19, 2-20, 2-21, owners 3-14, 3-17, 3-18, 3-19,

3-20, 3-21, 3-22, Blacks 5-14, 5-17, 5-18, 5-19, 5-20,

5-21, 5-22, Hispanics 6-14, 6-17, 6-18, 6-19, 6-20, 6-21,

6-22, definition Appendixes A and C ‘‘Value’’

Value to current income ratio: comparisons 2-19, 2-20,

2-21, owners 3-14, 3-19, 3-20, 3-21, Blacks 5-14, 5-19,

5-20, 5-21, Hispanics 6-14, 6-19, 6-20, 6-21, definition

Appendix A ‘‘Ratio of value to current income,’’ Appendix

C ‘‘Income’’

Vandalized buildings: vacant homes 1-6, comparisons

2-8, owners 3-8, renters 4-8, Blacks 5-8, Hispanics 6-8,

definition Appendix A ‘‘Other buildings vandalized or

with interior exposed,’’ Appendix C ‘‘Buildings and neighborhood’’

Vans, kept at home: comparisons 2-7, owners 3-7, renters 4-7, Blacks 5-7, Hispanics 6-7, definition Appendix A

‘‘Cars and trucks’’

INDEX FOR TABLES AND APPENDIXES Index-25

U.S. Census Bureau
Vents: vacant homes 1-4, comparisons 2-4, 2-20, 2-21,

2-23, owners 3-4, 3-20, 3-21, 3-22, 3-23, renters 4-4,

4-20, 4-21, 4-23, Blacks 5-4, 5-20, 5-21, 5-22, 5-23, Hispanics 6-4, 6-20, 6-21, 6-22, 6-23, definition A ‘‘Heating

equipment and heating equipment breakdowns’’

Verification of income: vacant homes 1-7, comparisons

2-12, 2-20, 2-21, renters 4-12, 4-20, 4-21, Blacks 5-12,

5-20, 5-21, Hispanics 6-12, 6-20, 6-21, definition Appendix A ‘‘Rent reductions’’

Vermin (rats): comparisons 2-7, 2-23, owners 3-7, 3-23,

renters 4-7, 4-23, Blacks 5-7, 5-23, Hispanics 6-7, 6-23,

definition Appendix A ‘‘Selected deficiencies’’

Veterans administration mortgages: comparisons

2-19, owners 3-15, 3-19, Blacks 5-15, 5-19, Hispanics

6-15, 6-19, definition Appendix A ‘‘Type of primary mortgage’’

View attractive (reason to live here): comparisons

2-11, owners 3-11, renters 4-11, Blacks 5-11, Hispanics

6-11, definition Appendix A ‘‘Choice of present home and

home search’’

Wages: comparisons 2-12, owners 3-12, renters 4-12,

Blacks 5-12, Hispanics 6-12, definition Appendixes A and

C ‘‘Income’’

Walkups: vacant homes 1-2, comparisons 2-2, owners

3-2, renters 4-2, Blacks 5-2, Hispanics 6-2, definition

Appendix A ‘‘Foundation’’

Wall, interior (open cracks or holes inside): vacant

homes 1-6, comparisons 2-7, 2-23, owners 3-7, 3-23,

renters 4-7, 4-23, Blacks 5-7, 5-23, Hispanics 6-7, 6-23,

definition Appendix A ‘‘Selected deficiencies’’

Wall, leaks: comparisons 2-7, owners 3-7, renters 4-7,

Blacks 5-7, Hispanics 6-7, definition Appendix A ‘‘Physical problems’’

Wall, outside condition: vacant homes 1-2, comparisons

2-2, owners 3-2, renters 4-2, Blacks 5-2, Hispanics 6-2,

definition Appendix A ‘‘External building conditions,’’

Appendix C ‘‘Building and neighborhood’’

Washing machine: vacant homes 1-4, comparisons 2-4,

2-23, owners 3-4, 3-23, renters 4-4, 4-23, Blacks 5-4,

5-23, Hispanics 6-4, 6-23, definition Appendix A ‘‘Equipment’’

Water cost: comparisons 2-13, owners 3-13, renters

4-13, Blacks 5-13, Hispanics 6-13, definition Appendix A

‘‘Monthly housing costs’’

Water heating fuel: vacant homes 1-5, comparisons 2-5,

owners 3-5, renters 4-5, Blacks 5-5, Hispanics 6-5, definition Appendix A ‘‘Fuels’’

Water leaks: comparisons 2-7, owners 3-7, renters 4-7,

Blacks 5-7, Hispanics 6-7, definition Appendix A ‘‘Physical problems’’

Water nearby, body of: vacant homes 1-6, comparisons

2-8, owners 3-8, renters 4-8, Blacks 5-8, Hispanics 6-8,

definition Appendix A ‘‘Description of area within 300

feet,’’ Appendix C ‘‘Buildings and neighborhood’’

Water plumbing: vacant homes 1-4, comparisons 2-4,

2-23, owners 3-4, 3-23, renters 4-4, 4-23, Blacks 5-4,

5-23, Hispanics 6-4, 6-23, definition Appendixes A and C

‘‘Plumbing facilities’’

Water supply stoppage: comparisons 2-6, owners 3-6,

renters 4-6, Blacks 5-6, Hispanics 6-6, definition Appendix A ‘‘Primary source of water and water supply stoppage’’

Water systems: vacant homes 1-4, comparisons 2-4,

2-20, 2-21, 2-23, owners 3-4, 3-20, 3-21, 3-22, 3-23,

renters 4-4, 4-20, 4-21, 4-23, Blacks 5-4, 5-20, 5-21,

5-22, 5-23, Hispanics 6-4, 6-20, 6-21, 6-22, 6-23, definition Appendix A ‘‘Primary source of water and water supply stoppage’’

Water well: vacant homes 1-4, comparisons 2-4, 2-20,

2-21, 2-23, owners 3-4, 3-20, 3-21, 3-22, 3-23, renters

4-4, 4-20, 4-21, 4-23, Blacks 5-4, 5-20, 5-21, 5-22, 5-23,

Hispanics 6-4, 6-20, 6-21, 6-22, 6-23, definition Appendix A ‘‘Primary source of water and water supply stoppage’’

Wealth: comparisons 2-12, owners 3-12, renters 4-12,

Blacks 5-12, Hispanics 6-12, definition Appendix A

‘‘Amount of savings and investments’’

Weights: definition Appendix B and C ’’Weighting‘‘

Welfare: comparisons 2-12, owners 3-12, renters 4-12,

Blacks 5-12, Hispanics 6-12, definition Appendixes A and

C ‘‘Income’’

Well, water: vacant homes 1-4, comparisons 2-4, 2-20,

2-21, 2-23, owners 3-4, 3-20, 3-21, 3-22, 3-23, renters

4-4, 4-20, 4-21, 4-23, Blacks 5-4, 5-20, 5-21, 5-22, 5-23,

Hispanics 6-4, 6-20, 6-21, 6-22, 6-23, definition Appendix A ‘‘Primary source of water and water supply’’

Whites: comparisons 2-1, 2-23, owners 3-1, 3-23, renters

4-1, 4-23, Blacks 5-1, 5-23, Hispanics 6-1, 6-23, definition Appendix A ‘‘Race’’

Widowed, causing move: comparisons 2-11, owners

3-11, renters 4-11, Blacks 5-11, Hispanics 6-11, definition Appendix A ‘‘Reasons for leaving previous unit’’

Window bars: vacant homes 1-2, comparisons 2-2, owners 3-2, renters 4-2, Blacks 5-2, Hispanics 6-2, definition

Appendix A ‘‘External building conditions,‘‘ Appendix C

‘‘Buildings and neighborhood’’

Window leaks: comparisons 2-7, owners 3-7, renters 4-7,

Blacks 5-7, Hispanics 6-7, definition Appendix A ‘‘Physical problems’’

Index-26 INDEX FOR TABLES AND APPENDIXES

U.S. Census Bureau
Windows, barred nearby: vacant homes 1-6, comparisons 2-8, owners 3-8, renters 4-8, Blacks 5-8, Hispanics

6-8, definition Appendix A ‘‘Description of area within

300 feet,’’ Appendix C ‘‘Buildings and neighborhood’’

Windows, broken: vacant homes 1-2, comparisons 2-2,

owners 3-2, renters 4-2, Blacks 5-2, Hispanics 6-2, definition Appendix A ‘‘External building conditions,’’ Appendix C ‘‘Buildings and neighborhood’’

Winter, heating breakdowns: comparisons 2-6, owners

3-6, renters 4-6, Blacks 5-6, Hispanics 6-6, definition

Appendix A ‘‘Heating equipment and heating equipment

breakdowns’’

Wiring, concealed: vacant homes 1-6, comparisons 2-7,

2-23 owners 3-7, 3-23, renters 4-7, 4-23, Blacks 5-7,

5-23, Hispanics 6-7, 6-23, definition Appendix A

‘‘Selected deficiencies’’

Women: comparisons 2-9, 2-20, 2-21, 2-23, owners 3-9,

3-20, 3-21, 3-22, 3-23, renters 4-9, 4-20, 4-21, 4-23,

Blacks 5-9, 5-20, 5-21, 5-22, 5-23, Hispanics 6-9, 6-20,

6-21, 6-22, 6-23, definition Appendix A ‘‘Household composition’’

Wood fuel, uses: vacant homes 1-5, comparisons 2-5,

2-20, 2-21, 2-23, owners 3-5, 3-20, 3-21, 3-22, 3-23,

renters 4-5, 4-20, 4-21, 4-23, Blacks 5-5, 5-20, 5-21,

5-22, 5-23, Hispanics 6-5, 6-20, 6-21, 6-22, 6-23, definition Appendix A ‘‘Fuels’’

Wood stoves: see stoves, definition Appendix A ‘‘Heating

equipment and heating equipment breakdowns’’

Woods or open space nearby: vacant homes 1-6, comparisons 2-8, owners 3-8, renters 4-8, Blacks 5-8, Hispanics 6-8, definition Appendix A ‘‘Description of area within

300 feet,’’ Appendix C ‘‘Buildings and neighborhood’’

Wrap-around mortgage: comparisons 2-19, owners

3-15, 3-19, Blacks 5-15, 5-19, Hispanics 6-15, 6-19, definition Appendix A ‘‘Mortgage origination’’

Yard attractive (reason to live here): comparisons

2-11, owners 3-11, renters 4-11, Blacks 5-11, Hispanics

6-11, definition Appendix A ‘‘Choice of present home and

home search’’

Year built: column heading in most tables, vacant homes

1-1, comparisons 2-1, 2-20, 2-21, 2-23, owners 3-1,

3-20, 3-21, 3-22, 3-23, renters 4-1, 4-20, 4-21, 4-23,

Blacks 5-1, 5-20, 5-21, 5-22, 5-23, Hispanics 6-1, 6-20,

6-21, 6-22, 6-23, definition Appendix A ‘‘Year structure

built’’

Year home acquired: owners 3-14, Blacks 5-14, Hispanics 6-14, definition Appendix A ‘‘Year unit acquired’’

Year last occupied: vacant homes 1-1, definition Appendix A ‘‘Vacancy, seasonality, and marketing’’

Year last used as permanent residence: vacant homes

1-1, definition Appendix A ‘‘Vacancy, seasonality, and

marketing’’

Year mortgage originated: owners 3-15, Blacks 5-15,

Hispanics 6-15, definition Appendix A ‘‘Year primary

mortgage originated’’

Year moved in: column heading in most tables, comparisons 2-9, owners 3-9, renters 4-9, Blacks 5-9, Hispanics

6-9, definition Appendix A ‘‘Year householder moved into

unit’’

Year round use: vacant homes 1-1, definition Appendix

A ‘‘Vacancy, seasonality, and marketing’’

Young people: comparisons 2-9, 2-20, 2-21, 2-23, owners 3-9, 3-20, 3-21, 3-22, 3-23, renters 4-9, 4-20, 4-21,

4-23, Blacks 5-9, 5-20, 5-21, 5-22, 5-23, Hispanics 6-9,

6-20, 6-21, 6-22, 6-23, definition Appendix A ‘‘Household

composition’’

Zero income: comparisons 2-13, 2-19, 2-20, 2-21, 2-23,

owners 3-13, 3-19, 3-20, 3-21, 3-22, 3-23, renters 4-13,

4-19, 4-20, 4-21, 4-23, Blacks 5-13, 5-19, 5-20, 5-21,

5-22, 5-23, Hispanics 6-13, 6-19, 6-20, 6-21, 6-22, 6-23,

definition Appendix A ‘‘Monthly housing costs as percent

of current income,’’ Appendix C ‘‘Income’’

INDEX FOR TABLES AND APPENDIXES Index-27

U.S. Census Bureau
Selected Subareas for Publication for 1998

Baltimore, MD

Baltimore city

Baltimore County

Anne Arundel County

Birmingham, AL

Birmingham city

Balance of Jefferson County (exclude Birmingham city)

Shelby County

Boston, MA-NH

Boston city

Cambridge city

Lynn city

Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN

Cincinnati city, OH

Balance of Hamilton County, OH, (exclude Cincinnati

city)

Kenton County, KY

Houston, TX

Houston city

Balance of Harris County (exclude Houston city)

Fort Bend County

Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN-WI

Minneapolis city

St. Paul city

Balance of Hennipin County (exclude Minneapolis city)

Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News, VA-NC

Norfolk city

Virginia Beach city

Newport News city

Oakland, CA

Oakland city

Balance of Alameda County (exclude Oakland city)

Contra Costa County

Providence-Pawtucket-Warwick, RI-MA

Providence city, RI

Warwick city, RI

Cranston city, RI

Rochester, NY

Rochester city

Balance of Monroe County (exclude Rochester city)

Ontario County

Salt Lake City, UT

Salt Lake City city

Balance of Salt Lake County (exclude Salt Lake City city)

Davis County

San Francisco, CA

San Francisco city

San Mateo County

Marin County

San Jose, CA

San Jose city

Sunnyvale city

Balance of Santa Clara County (exclude San Jose city and

Sunnyvale city)

Tampa-St. Petersburg, FL

Tampa city

St. Petersburg city

Balance of Pinellas County (exclude St. Petersburg city)

Washington, DC-MD-VA

District of Columbia

Prince George’s County, MD

Fairfax County, VA

Caution: Some subareas may be different in earlier years.

Note: With each metropolitan area, subareas are listed in

order of boxhead appearance from subarea 1 through

subarea 3.

U.S. Census Bureau