# Recommended Best Practice for Quantifying Speciated Organic Gas Emissions from Aircraft Equipped with T urbofan, T urbojet, and T urboprop Engines V ersion 1.0

# Recommended Best Practice for Quantifying Speciated Organic Gas Emissions from Aircraft Equipped with T urbofan, T urbojet, and T urboprop Engines V ersion 1.0

Assessment and Standards Division Office of Transportation and Air Quality U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and AEE-300 - Emissions Division Office of Environment and Energy

Federal Aviation Administration

EP A-420-R-09- 901 May 2009

### ACKNOWLED GEM E NTS
T h e F e d e r a l Avi at i o n A d m i ni s t r at i o n ( F AA ) O f f i ce o f E nvir o nme nt an d E n er g y ( AE E ) an d t h e U
. S. En v i ro n me nt a lPro t e c t i o n A g e n c y(EPA ) O f fi c e o f Tra n s p o r t a

t i o n A ir Q u a l it y(O T A Q ) wo uld li ke t o ackn o wledge t h e f o llo w i ng age n c i e s a n d i n d i v i dua l s f o rt h e i rco nt r ib u t i o n to t h i s do cum e nt :

• FAA – R a l p h I o vi ne l l i , M o h a n Gupt a, C ar l M a , and E dM c Queen • E P A –B r ya n M a n n i n g , R ic h C o o k , Ke nt H e lme r , Ke n P e t c he , J o hn K i n s e y , R ic h Wi l c o x , K at h r y n S e r g ea nt , M ar i o n Ho ye r , L a ur e l Dr i v er , an d S u za nn e Ki ng • Ca l i f o r n i a Ai rRes o ur ces Bo ar d – S t ev e F r a n c i s , P au l Al l e n , W e nl i Y a n g , an d S t ev e Chur c h • A e r o d y n e Re s ear c h , I n c. – Ri ck M i ake- L y e a n d S c ot tHer n do n • M o nt an a S t a t e Uni v er s it y – Berk Kni g ht o n • K B E nvir o nme nt a l Sc i e n ces , I n c. – C arr o l B r y a nt , M i k e R att e, Paul Sa nf o r d, an d M i ke Ke nn e y

T h i s do cume nt was pr epar ed f o r t h e F e der a l Avi at i o n A d mi n i s t r at i o n , O f f i c e o f E nvi r o nme nt an d E n er g y by K B E nvi r o nme nt a l Sc i e n ces I n c. w i t h as s i s t an ce f r o m C SSI I n c. i n s uppo r t o f C SSI ’ s C o nt r a c t D T FA WA

- 05- C

- 00044, T echni ca l D ir ect i v e M e m o r a n d u m B

- 002- 011.EXECUT I V E S U M M ARY T h i s do cu me nt pr es ent s a n appr o ach t o , an d t e c hni ca l s uppo r t f o r , t h e qua nt i f i c at i o n o f o r gani c gas ( OG) e mi s s i o n s i n c lud i ng hazar do us a i rpol lu t a nt s ( H AP s ) f r o m a i r c r a f t equ ipped w it h t u rb o f a n , t u rb oj e t a n dt u rb o p ro p e n g i n e s . 1, 2, 3 T h i s Reco mme n d ed Bes t P r act ic e ( RBP ) wa s pr o duced t h r o ugh a n i nt e r - a ge n c yp ar t n e r s hip a n d co l l a b o r a t i v e e f f o r t bet w een t h e F e der a l A v i at i on A d m i ni s t r ati on ( F A A ) Of f

i c e of E n v i r o n m ent a n dE n e r gy( AE E ) a n dth e U
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. En v i ro n me nt a l Pro t e c t i o n A g e n c y(EPA ) O f fi c e o f Tra n s p o r t a

t i o n A i r Q u a l it y(O T A Q )
. 4 At t h e o n s e t o f t h e e n dea v o r , t h e age n c i e s agr eed t h at t h e m e t h o dus ed t o quant i f ys p ec i at e d OG e mi ssi o n s f r o m a i rc ra f t e n g i n e s sh o u ldb e :

• N ati on a l l yc o n s i s te nt , • Suppor t e d by s c i e nt i f i c dat a , • Repr es e nt at i v e o f t o day ’ s f l yi ng f l eet ( t o t h e ex t e ntp o s s ib l e ) , an d • A “l i v i n g ” pr o ces s t o r e f l ect t h e s t a t e- o f

- t h e - s c i e n c e as n e w dat a b eco m e s a v a i l a bl e. Ce nt r a l t o t h i s RBP i s t h e pr epar at i o n o f a r e vi s e d s p ec i at i o n pr o f i l e t o i d e nt i f y m o s t o f t h e i n d i v i dua l OG s p ec i e s t h at co m p r i s e t h e OG e mi s s i o n s f r o m a i r c r a f t equ i pped w it h t u rb o f a n , tu rb oj e t , a n dtu rb op r o p e n gi n e s (it s h ould b e n o t e dth at ap p r ox i m ate l y2 9 pe r c e nt of th e to ta l a m o u nt o f OG e mi s s i o n s f r o m t h e t e s t ed en g i ne s r e ma i n c h ar act er i zed a s u n i d e nt i f i ed)
. T h i s n e w pr o f i l e i s bas e d o n r ece nt f i e l d meas ur e me nt ca m p a i g n s a n d i s co ns i d er ed r e pr es e nt a t i ve o f to day ’ s m o der n a ir c r a f t e n g i nes . T h e n e w pr o f il e ( SPE C I AT E pr o f i l e #5565) , to b e i n co rpor a t ed i n t o t h e n e x t r e vi s i o n o f E P A’ s S P E CI AT E ( V er s i o n 4. 0) dat ab a s e , i s r e co mme n d ed as a re p l a c e me nt f o r a l lp r i o r s p e c i at i o n p r o f il e s i d e nt i fi e d f o r a i rc ra f t a n d i s t h e p r e f e rre dp r o f il e t h at s h o u ld b e us ed t o ch ar act er i z e gas - p h a s e s p ec i at e d OG e m i s s i o n s f r o m a ir c r a f t equ i pp ed w it h t u rb o f an , t u rb o j et an d t u rb o p r o p en g i n e s . T h e new s p ec i at i o n pr o f il e i d e nt i f i e s 77 i n d i v i dua lco m p o u n d s , i n c lud i ng 15 t h at ar e r e c o gni ze d by s ect i o n 112 o f t h e C l ea n Air A c t as b e i n g h a z ar d o u s a i rpo l lu t a nt s ( H AP s )
. T w o add it i o n a l co m p o u n d s a l s o h a v e po t e nt i a lt o xic c h ar act er i s t ics acco r d i n g t o E P A ’ s I nt e gr a t ed R i s k In f o r mat i o n S y s t e m (IR IS) d at ab a s e . W h il e f u t ure re s e ar c h w ill f u rt h e r d e fi n e t h e u n i d e nt i f i e d co m p o n e nt , i n t h e i nt e r i m , t h e uni de nt i f i e d m a s s h a s b e e n ge ner ica l l yc h ar act er i z ed a s lo n g er carb o n c h a i n s p ec i e s ( s ee S ect i o n 2. 1 o f t h i s r e po r t ) f o rai rqua l it y m o de l i ng pr act it i o n e r s t h at us e ch e m i c a l me c h a n i s m s s u c h as t h e St at ewi d e Ai r Po l lu t i o n R e s ear c h C e nt er1999 ( S AP R C 99) , Carb o n Bo n d4 , Carb o n Bo n d5 , an dt h e RADM- 2 m o d e l s . I ti s i m p o r t a nt t o ackn o wledg e t h at t h e m e a s ur eme nt o f a i re mi s s i o n s as s o c i at ed wit h a ir c r a f t e n g i n e s is a n e v o l v i n g p r o c e s s t h at is s t il l u n d e rd e ve lo p me nt . T h is is e s p e c i a l l yr e le va nt t o t h e s p ec i at i o n o f a ir c r a f t
- r e l at e d OG f o rw h i c h t h e r e i s appr ec i a bly l e s s e xp e r ie n c e , dat a , an d

1 Th i s d o c u m e n t d o e s n o ta d dr e s s an d/ or pr ovi d es p e c i a t i o n pr ofi l e s f or p o l y n u c l e a r a r om a t i c h yd r oc a r bon s ( P A H ) / v o latileor g an i c c o mp o u n d s ( V O C ) or P A H /p a r t

ic u l a tema tte

r . 2 A l t h o u g h di r e c te mis s i o n me as ur e m e n ts f r o m tur b op r op e n g i n e s a r e n o t av ail a b l eat t h isti me , it is r e c o g n i z e dt h at tur b op r op e n g i n e s op er atew ith t h es amek er o s e n e b a s e d f u e l s an d h a v es imil a r c o mb u s tor te mp er at ur ean dpr e s s u r e s a s t h e t e s t e den g i n e s . 3 Th i s e f f or t / d o c um e n tf o c u s e s o n ker o s e n ef u e l e dt u r b of a n , t ur b oj e t , a nd t ur b op r op e n gi n e s . O t h e

r e n gi n et y pe s , i n c l udi ng pi s t o n e n gi n e s and t h o s ei n a u x i l i a r y

pow er u n i t san d gr o u n d s e r v i c ee qui pm e n t , a r e n o ti n c l ude d i n t h e an al y s i s . 4 E P A’ s Of f i c eo f R e s e a r ch De v e l op m e n t ( O R D ) /Na t i o n al R i sk Man a g e m e n t

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o bil e s o ur ces ( e . g . , m o to rv e hi c l es )
. T h e F A A a n d E P A ha v e agr eed t o co n t i nu e f u r t h e rdev e lo p me nt o f s p ec i at e d OG f r o m a i r c r a f t en g i ne s as new s c i e nt i f i c i n f o r m at i o n beco m e s av a i l a bl e. Becaus e t h i s e f f o r t i s a “l i v i ng” me t h o d o lo g y , a i rq u a l it yp r a c t it i o ne r s s h o u ld ve r i f yt h at t h e y ha ve t h e m o s t r e c e nt ve r s i o n o f t h is do cum e nt ( b y dat e an d ver s i o n nu m b ero n t h e co v e r ) an d as s o c i at ed s p ec i at e d pr o f i l e b e f o r e pr epar i n g a n a ir c r a f t HAP s e m i s s i o n s i nve nt or y . New i n f o r m at i o n a n d s p e c i at i o n pr o f i l e w i l l be po s t ed o n b o t h FAA ’ s a n d E P A ’ s we b s it e s . 5 I n a ddit i on , E P A ’ s n e x t r e v i s i o n to th e S P E C I AT E dat ab a s e w i l li n co rpor a t e t h i s i n f o r m at i o n . 6 I ti s a l s o i m p o r t a nt t o ackn o wledg e t h at t h er e a r e curr e nt l y n o F e der a l r e gu l at o r y gu i d e l i n e s s p e c i f i c to H AP s em i s s i o n s f r o m ai r c r a f t en gi n e s a n d , wh i l e th e me th od ol ogy di s c us s e d i n th i s do cum e nt i s us e f u l f o rd i s c lo s u r e , r e por t i n g , and co m p ar at i v e purpo s e s , it d o es n o t p r o v i d e r e s u l t s t h atar e di r ect l y co m p ar a b l e t o any r e gu l at o r y o r enf o r ceabl e a irqua l it y s t an dar d s .

5 S ee w w w . F A A
. gov /r e gul a t i o n s _po l i c i e s /po l i c y _gui dan c e / e n v i r _po l i c y / an d w w w . E P A
. g ov/ ot a q/ a vi a t i o n . h t m 6 U S E P A
. S P E CIAT E V e r s i o n 4. 0 ( w w w . ep a.g o v /ttn/c h i e f /s o f t w ar e / s p e c i ate / i n d e x . h t ml ) , D ecem b er 2006
. A i r c r

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y dr oc ar bon E m i s s i o n s In v e nt or i e s - R e c o m m e nde d B e s t P r ac t i c eACRONYM S AND A B B R EVI A TI ONS AEE AP E X A SPM CAA CAE P CARB CA S Do D E D MS EP A F AA FI D HAP s HC IC A O IR IS J ETS kg L T O NA S A N E I NM OG OG OT A Q QAP P RBP SAPR C 9 9 S P E C I AT E T A C TAF TAP TH C TIM T OG VOC FAA O f f

i ce o f E nvir o nme nt an d E n er g y A ir c r a f t P art ic le E mis s i o n s E xp e r ime nt Avi at i o n S y s t e m P e r f o r ma n c e M e t r ic s ( d at ab as e) C le a n AirAct C o mm it t ee o n A v i at i o n E nvi r o nme nt a l Pr ot ec t i o n Ca l i f o r n i a AirReso u r ces Bo ar d C h emi cal A b s t r a c t s S e r v ic e U. S
. Depar t m e nt o f De f e ns e E mi s s i o n s a n dD i sp e r s i o n Mo d e l i n g S y st e m U. S. E n vi r o nme nt a l Pr ot ect i o n A g e n c y F e d e r a l A v i at i on A d m i ni s t r ati on F l a me I o ni zat i o n Det ect o r Hazar do us ai rpo l lu t a nt s H ydr o carb o n I nt e r n at io n a l C i v i l A v i at i o n O r g a n i z at io n Int e g r a t e dR i s k In f o r mat i o n S y s t e m J e t E mis s i o n T e s t ing f o rS p e c i at i o n Kilo gr a m L a n d i n g - t ak e of f cy cl e Nat i o n a l A e r o n aut ic s a n d S p ace A d m i n i s t r at i o n N at i o n a lE mis s i o n I n ve nt o r y No n - m e t h a n e o r ganic ga s Or gani c gas Of f i ce of T r a n s p or ta ti on A irQ u al it y Q u al it y A s s u r a n c e P l an Reco mme n d ed Bes t P r ac t i ce St a t ewi d e Ai rPo l lu t i o n R e s ear c h C e nt er1999 U
. S
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s y s t em of s p e c i at i on p r of i l e s T o x i c a i rco nt ami n a nt T e r mi n a lA r ea F o r ecas t T o xic a i rp o llu t a nt T o t a l hy dr o carb o n s T ime in m o d e T o t a l o r ganic gas e s Vo l at i l e o r ganic co m p o u n d s

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y dr oc ar bon E m i s s i o n s In v e nt or i e s - R e c o m m e nde d B e s t P r ac t i c eTAB LE O F CO NTENTS E x ecut i v e S u mm ar y A c r o nym s a n d Abb r evi at i o n s Pa ge 1. 0I N T R ODUCT I ON
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. 0 S P E C I ATED O G P R O FIL E
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. 1 R e p r e s e nt at i o n o f U n i d e nt i fi e dM a s s ...................................................................... 6 2
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. 1 A irc ra f t O p e r at i o n a l D at a ....................................................................................... 1 3 4
. 2 C a l c u l at i n g TH C , N M O G , o rV O C Emi ssi o n s ....................................................... 1 3 4
. 3 C o n v e r t i n g t o TO G
................................................................................................ 1 5 4
. 4 A p p l y i n g S p e c i at i o n P r o f i l e D at a ........................................................................... 1 6 4
. 5 P r e s e nt at i o n o f R e s u l t s ........................................................................................... 1 6 L i s t o f Re f e r e n ces
LIS T O F TAB LES No
. Pa ge 1 Spec i at e d Gas

- Ph a s e OG Pr o f i l e f o rAi r c r a f t E q u ipped w it h Tu rb o f a n , Tu rb o j e t , a n dTu rb o p r o pEn g i n e s .................................................................. 5 2 U n i d e nt i f i e dM a ss S p e c ie s A s si g n me nt ........................................................................... 6 3 O v e r a l l P r o f i l e Q u a l it y R at i n g s ........................................................................................ 7 4 C o n v e r si o n F a c t o r s ........................................................................................................ 1 1 5 Ex a m p l e A irc ra f t O p e r at i o n a l D at a ................................................................................ 1 4 6 Ex a m p l e Fu e lF lo w R at e s /E mi ssi o n In d i c e s ................................................................... 1 4 7 Ex a m p l e TH C Es t i m at e ................................................................................................. 1 5 8 Ex a m p l e S p e c i at e dO GEmi ssi o n L e v e l s ....................................................................... 1 6 9 Ex a m p l e F o r mat f o r R e p o r t i n g S p e c i at e dO G
................................................................ 1 7
L I ST OF F I GUR E S F i gu re No. P age 1 G r o u p s o f O G s .............................................................................................................. 10

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y dr oc ar bon E m i s s i o n s In v e nt or i e s - R e c o m m e nde d B e s t P r ac t i c e i1 . 0INTRO DUC TIO N T h i s do cu m e nt pr es e nt s a n P u rp os e of t h is appr o ach f o rquant i f i cat i o n o f s p ec i at e d o r gani c ga s ( OG) R e c o mm e nde d B e s tP ra c tic e (R B P ) T o pr o v i d e a uni f o r m appr o ach to , an d t e chni ca l e mi s s i o n s , i n c lud i n g h a zar do us a i r s uppo r tf o r , t h e pr epar a t i o n o f s p ec i at e d gas

- phas e p o l lu t a nt s ( H AP s) , f r o m H C in ve nt o r ie s ( i nc lu d i n g H AP s ) f r o m a ir c r a f t c o mme r c ia l a i r c r a f t e q u ip p e d w it h equ i pped w it h t u rb o f an , t u rb o j et , an d t urb o p r o p t u rb o f a n , t u rb oj e t , a n dt u rb o p ro p en g i ne s . 1, 2, 3, 4 T h e pr epar at i o n o f a n en g i ne s . e mi s s i o n s i nve nt o r y ( a n acco unt i n g o f po l lu t a nt m a s s e m i s s i o n s f r o m a s o ur ce o v era s p ec i f i c t i me i nt e r v a l) i s t h e pr e f err e d appr o ach f o rqua nt i f yi ng e m i s s i o n s f r o m a ir c r a f t equ ipped w it h tu rb of a n , tu rb oj e t , a n dturb op r o pe n gi n e s . T h e ai r c r a f t
- r e l ate ds p e c i ati on p r of i l e di s c us s e d i n t h i s do cu m e nt w i lla l s o b e u s ed t o upda t e t h e s p ec i at e d OG pr o f i l e f o ra i r c r a f t equ ip me nt with tu rb of a n , tu rb oj e t , a n dtu rb op r o p e n gi n e s i n th e S P E C I AT E d atab a s e 5 , t h e U
. S
. En v i ro n me nt a l Pro t e c t i o n A g e n c y ’s (EPA ’s ) m u l

t i-s e c t o r re p o sit o ry f o r s u c h d at a . T h e f o cus o f t h i s do cu m e nt i s o n l yo n a ir c r a f t equ ipped w it h t u rb o f a n , t u rb o j et , an d t u rb o p r o p en g i n e s . T h e F e der a l Avi at i o n A d mi ni s t r a t i o n ( F AA ) i nt e n d s to s e par at e l ypu bl i s h in f o r mat i o n t h at w ill a d d r e s s o t he ra i rp o r t
- r e l at e ds o u r c e s ( i nc lu d i n g o t he rp i s t o n - p o w e r e d a i

r c r a f t en g i ne s )
. I n t h es e s e par at e ef f o r t s , i n f o r m at i o n w i l l b e pr o v i d ed f o rs o ur ces s u ch as gr o u n ds e r v i c e equ ip me nt ( i n c lude s v e hi c l e s s u c h as a i r c r a f t t ugs , b a ggage t ugs , f u e lt r ucks , m a i nt e n a n c e v e hi c l e s , an d ot h e r mi s ce ll a n eo us v e hi c l e s us ed to s uppo r t ai r c r a f t o p er a t i o ns ) , gr o u n dacces s v e hi c l e s ( i n c lude s m o t o rv e hi c l e s us ed bypa s s e n g er s , e m p lo y ees , f r e i g ht o p er a t o r s , an d ot h e rper s o n s t o ent e ran d le a v e a n a i rp o r t s u ch as s hut t les , t a xi s , r e nt a l c ar s , an d pr i v at e l y - o w n e d v e hi c l e s ) , f u e l s t or age an d t r an s f er f a c ilit i es , s t at i o n ar ys uppo r t s e r v ic e s , an d co n s t r uct i o n act i v it i e s . 1. 1 B a c k g round I n f o r m ation T h e Nat i o n a l A e r o n aut ic s a n d S p ace A d mi n i s t r at i o n ( N A S A ) , E P A , t h e Depar t m e nt o f D e f e n s e (D o D ) , a n dFA A c o l l a b o rat i v e ly s p o n s o re d t h re e s e p arat e c o mme rc i a la i r c ra f t en g i ne e x h au s t m e a s ur e me nt cam pa i g ns i n 2004 an d 2005, kn o w n as t h e Ai r c r a f t Par t ic l e E mi s s i o n eXper i me nt s ( APE X1, AP E X 2, an d AP E X 3)
. I n addit i o n , C a li f o r n i a Air Res o ur ces Bo ar d c o - s po n s o r ed, as we l l a s i n it i at e d, t h e J E T S /AP E X2 cam pa i g n ( J E T S ( J et E mi s s i o n T e s t i n g f o rS p eci at i o n ) i s a Ca l i f o r ni a Ai rRes o ur ces B o ar d ( C AR B) acr o n y m )
.

1 In th i sd o cu m e n t , th e t e r m “h a zar d o u s air p o l l u tan t s ” an d th e a cco m p a n y i n ga c r o n y m“HA P s ” m e a n th e s am e a s “a ir t o x i cs ”, “t o x i c a i r co n t am in an t s ” or “T A C s ” , an d “t o x i c a i r p o l l u t an t s ” or “T A P s ”
. 2 Th i s d o c u m e n t d o e s n o ta d dr e s s an d/ or pr ovi d es p e c i a t i on pr ofi l e s f or p o l yc y c l i c a r om a t i c h yd r oc a r bon s ( P A H ) / v o latileor g an i c c o mp o u n d s ( V O C ) or P A H /p a r t

ic u l a tema tte

r . 3 A l t h o u g h di r e c te mis s i o n me as ur e m e n ts f r o m tur b op r op e n g i n e s a r e n o t av ai lab l ea t t

h is ti me , i t is r e c o g n ize d t h a

ttur b op r op e n g i n e s op er a t eo n t h es a mek er o s e n eb a s e df u e l s , an d h a v es imil a r c o mb u s tor te mp er atur ean d p r e ssur e s a s t h et e st e d e n g i n e s. 4 Th i s ef f or t / d o c u m en tf o cu s e s o n k er o s e n ef u el edt u r b o f a n , t ur b o j et , an dtur b op r op en g i n e s . O t h e

r e n g i n e t y

p e s , i n c l udi ng p i s t o n e n g i n e s , an d t

h o s ei n a uxi l i a r y

pow er u n i t s an d gr o und s er v i c ee qui pm e n t , a r e n o t in cl u d e din th e an al y s i s . 5 U S E P A
. S P E CIAT E V e r s i o n 4. 0 ( w w w . ep a.g o v /ttn/c h i e f /s o f t w ar e / s p e c i ate / i n d e x . h t ml ) , D ecem b er 2006
.
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y dr oc ar bon E m i s s i o n s In v e nt or i e s - R e c o m m e nde d B e s t P r ac t i c e 1T h e t h r ee ca m p a i g n s wer e des i g n ed t o ev a l u at e t h e ef f ect s o f e n g i ne t h r u s tan d f u e l t y pe o n t h e l e v e l s o f par t i c u l at e mat t e r an d gas e o u s e mi s s i o n s f r o m co mme r c i a l a ir c r a f t en g i ne s , an d s p ec i f i c me a s ur e me nt s wer e ma de f o rs p ec i at e d OG, i n c lud i ng H APs
. I n

t h e s u mme ro f 2007, t h e FAA an d E P A f o r m e da par t n e r s hip a n d b e ga n a j o i nt e f f o r t to u s e th i s n e wl ya c q uir e d i n f o r m at i o n an ddata t o d e v e lop un i f or m p r ot oc ol s an d me th od s to q u a nt i f yt h e l e v e lo f OGan d HAP s f r o m c o mm e r ci al ai r c r a f t . At t h e on s e t , t h e a g en ci es agr eed t h at t h e pr ot o c o l s an d me t h o d s s h o u ld b e :

• N ati on a l l yc o n s i s te nt , • Suppor t e d by s c i e nt i f i c dat a , • R e pr es e nt at i v e o f t o day ’ s f l yi ng f l eet to t h e ex t e nt po s s ib l e , an d • A “l i v i n g ” pr o ces s t o r e f l ect t h e s t a t e- o f

- t h e - s c i e n c e as n e w dat a b eco m e s a v a i l a bl e. T h e pr o cedur es t h at t h e FAA a n d E P A us ed to d e v e lo p t h e u n if o r m pr o t o c o l s a n d me t h o d s d i s c us s e d i n t h i s do cu m e nt ar e o u t l i n ed i n t h e F A A /E P A Quality A s s u r anc e P r oje c tP l an (Q A PP) f o r th e D e v e l o p m e n t o

f

a Co m m e r c i a lA i rc ra f

t H a za rdo u s A i r Po l l u ta n ts E m i s si o n I

n ventor y M e thodology [FA A /EPA , 2008]
. I n add it i o n , t h e t echni ca ldet a i l s a n d s c i e nt i f i c i n f o r mat i o n ar e a v a i l a bl e i n a T e c hni ca lSuppo r t Do cum e nt [ K ni g ht o n , Her n do n , M i ake- L y e, 2009]
. E lect r o ni c co pie s o f t h es e do cu m e nt s ar e av a i l a bl e o n b o t h FAA’ s an d E P A’ s webs it es . 6 1. 2Approach I ti s i m po r t ant t o ackn o wl edge t h at t h e meas ur e m e nt o f po l l ut a nt emi s s i o n s i n a i r c r a f t e x h aus t i s an ev o l v i n g s c i e n c e . I n f a c t , n e w ai r c r a f t en gi n e ex h aus t m e as u r ement c a m p ai gn s an d m o de li ng s t ud ie s ar e curr e nt l yu n d e r w a ya nd m o r e ar e p l a nned i n t h e f u t u r e . T h i s is es pec i a l l yr e l e v a nt t o ai r c r a f t
- r e l at e d s p ec i at e d OG f o rwhi c h t h er e i s appr ec i a bl y l e s s exper i e n ce, dat a , a n d i n f o r m at i o n , w h e n co m p ar ed t o cr it er i a a i r po l lu t a nt s ( e . g . , carb o n m

o n o xi de a n d nit r o g en o x i d e s ) an d o t h e rm o bil e a i rpo l lu t a nt s o ur ces ( e . g . , g r o u n ds e r v i c e e q ui pment , m o t o rv e h i cl es )
. T w o gui d i n g pr i n c ip l es w e r e f o l lo w ed dur i ng t h e co ur s e o f t h i s e n de a v o r to dev e lo p unif o r m pr oto c o l s a n d me t h o d s f o rquant i f yi ng a i r c r a f t
- r e l at e d gas

- phas e s p ec i at e d OGs , w h ile co n s i d er i n g t h e curr e nt l i m it at i o n s a n d u n cer t a i nt ies as s o c i at ed w it h t h es e s p ec i a l i ze d p o llu t a nt s . F i

r s t , t h e RBP s h o u ld r e f l ect t h e curr e nt s t a t e- o f

- th e - s c i e n ce. T h e F A A a n d E P A r eco gni z e t h at ev en t h o ugh t h e a m o u nt o f a i r c r a f t e n g i ne em i s s i o n t e s tda t a

i s gr o w i n g, t h e am o u nt i s s t i l l limit e d a n d t h e r e ar e re s e ar c h gap s t h at n e e d to b e a ddre s s e d. Ho we v e r, by pu bl i s h i ng t h i s do cu m e nt , t h e FAA a n d E P A ar e es t abli s hi ng a n i n it i a la n d n at i o n a lly

- c o n s i s t ent appr o ach f o rpr epar in g s p ec i at e d OG an d H AP s e m i s s i o n i n v e nt o r ie s . Whi l e t h i s i s t h e ca s e , a i

rqua l it ypr act it i o n e r s m u s t r e c o gni ze t h at t h e to pic o f s p e c i at i n g a ir c r a f t
- r e l at e d OG i s

6 S ee w w w . F A A
. gov /r e gul a t i o n s _po l i c i e s /po l i c y _gui dan c e / e n v i r _po l i c y / a nd w w w . E P A
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y dr oc ar bon E m i s s i o n s In v e nt or i e s - R e c o m m e nde d B e s t P r ac t i c e 2r e l at i v e ly n e w an d t h er e f o r e i n an e v o l ut i o n ar y s c ien c e. A s a r e s u l t , t h i s R B P w ill b e updat e d as s c i e nt i f i c ad v a n c e me nt s ar e ma de. S eco n d , ev e n t h o ugh t h er e i s s t i l ls o m e u n c e r t a i nt y r e l at e d t o gas - ph as e s p ec i at e d OG e mi s s i o n s f r o m co mme r c i a la i r c r a f t , t h er e i s a n i m me d i at e an d gr o w i n g n e ed f o ran accur at e , up- t o - d a t e, an d co n s i s t e nt m e t h o d f o res t i m at i n g t h e s e e m i s s i o n s . T h er e f o r e, t h i s do cu m e nt m ake s t h e bes t us e o f w h at i s pr e s e nt l yk n o w n a b o u t ai r c r a f t OGs w it h t h e e xpect at i o n t h at t h i s R B P m a y n e ed to b e upda t e d as n e w i n f o r mat i o n an d dat a ar e av a i l a bl e. 1. 3Regul a t o ry Cont ex t T h er e ar e pr es e nt l y n o F e der a lr e gu l at o r y gu i d e l i n es t h at addr es s a i r c r a f t e n g i ne- r e l at e d gas

ph a s e OG s p e c i es o rHAP s e mi s s i o n s . B y d e f i n it i o n , a ir c r a f t ar e n o t s ubj ect t o t h e r e gu l at i o n s o f Sect i o n 112 o f t h e F e d e r a l C l ea n AirAct ( C AA )
. 7 T h at s a i d , t h er e ar e 15 co mm o n H AP s det ect ed i n me as ur a b l e co n c e nt r a t i o n s i n a i r c r a f t e n g i ne e x h au s t , an d t h es e HAPs ar e a l s o l i s t e d i n Sect i o n 112 o f t h e C A A
. T h e s e po l lu t a nt s ar e 1, 3 b u t a die n e, acet a lde hy de, acr o le i n , be n z e n e, et hylbe n z e n e, f o r ma l de hy de, i s o p r o py lb e n ze n e , me t h a n o l , m - xy l e ne a n d p- xyl e n e, nap ht h a l e n e, o - xy l e ne, phe n o l , pr o p i o n a l de hy de, s t y r e n e, and t o l u e n e. E P A’ s I nt e gr at ed R i s k I n f o r mat i o n S y s t e m ( I R I S ) 8 i d ent i f i es t w o a d d it i on al h a z ar d o u s co m p o u n d s me as ur ed i n t h e e xhaus t f r o m t u rb o f a n , t u rb o j et , an d t u rb o p r o p en g i ne s : b e n z a l de hy de a n d 2- m e t hyl

- n ap ht h a l e n e .

7 O n l y m a j or s t a t i o na r y

s o ur c e s a r e r e gul a t e d by S e c t i o n 11 2 of t h e CA A
. 8 E P A ’ s I RI S ( In t egr a t e dR i s k In f or m at i o n S y s t em ) i s a co m p i l a t i o n o f el ectr o n i c r ep ort s o n s p eci f i c s u b s t a n ces f o u n d in th e e n v i r o n m en t an d th eir p o t e n t ia l t oca u s e h u m an h eal th ef f ect s . ht t p : / / c f

pub. epa . gov/ n c e a / i r

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y dr oc ar bon E m i s s i o n s In v e nt or i e s - R e c o m m e nde d B e s t P r ac t i c e 32 . 0 S P ECIA TED O G PRO F I L E T h e in it ia l s p e c iat i o n p r o f ile f o ru s e in t h e q u a nt if ic at i o n o f t h e le ve l o f O G s /H AP s e m it t e d f r o m a ir c r a f t equ i pped w it h t u rb o f a n , t urb o j et , an d t urb o p r o pen g i nes ar e pr o v i d ed i n Ta b l e 1 an d i n a co m p a n i o n s p r ead s h eet t o t h i s do cu m e nt ( p o s t e d m u t u a l l yo n F AA’ s a n d E P A’ s webs it es )
. 9 B ecaus e t h e i nt e nt o f t h e F A A /E P A is to upda t e t h e pr o f i l e a s add it i o n a ldat a b eco m e s a v a i l a bl e, a irqua l it ypr act it i o n e r s s h o u l d v e r i f yt h at t h e y h a v e t h e m o s t r e cent pr o f i l e b e f o r e b e g i nn i ng a n ev a luat i o n . T h e deve lo p me nt o f t h e r eco mme n d ed FAA /E P A s p ec i at i o n pr o f i l e ( p r o vi ded i n T a bl e 1) i s d i s c us s e d i n a T e c hni ca lSuppo r t D o cum e nt ent it led A i r c r

a

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t E xhaus t [ K ni g ht o n , Her n do n , M i ake- L y e, 2009]
. T h e m o s t n o t e w o r t hy f i nd i ngs o f t h i s e f f o r t ar e s t a t ed b e lo w:

• T h e curr e nt s p ec i at i o n pr o f i l e c h o s e n t o r e pr es ent o r gani c gas e mi s s i o n s f r o m a i r c r a f t en g i ne s i s #1098 10 i n t h e SPE C I AT E dat ab a s e , a n d was der i ved f r o m a pu bli cat i o n by Sp iceret a l
. i n 1994. T h i s pr o f il e i n c luded d at a f

r o m a milit ar y var i a nt o f t h e C F M 5 6 c o mme r c ia l e n g i n e . 11 Co m p ar i s o n s o f dat a f r o m S p ic er ’ s meas ur e me nt s f o rt h e C F M

- 56 a n d s e v e r a lo f t h e C F M

- 56 e n g i nes me a s ur ed i n t h e AP E X pr o g r a m s i n d i cat e t h at , wit h f e w e x c e pt i o ns , t h e S p ic era n d AP E X dat a exhib it a n o v er a l l a g r e em ent f o rs p e c i e s wh e r e t h e r e s u l t s o f me as u r em ent s ar e av ai l a b l e . N o t ab l y , an d aga i n w it h f e w e x cept i o n s , a l lo f t h e dat a ar e w i t h i n o n e s t an dar dd e vi at i o n o f t h e me a s ur e me nt s t o t h e unit l i n e ( i
. e . , t h e unit y l i n e r e pr es ent s per f ect agr e e m e nt )
.
• T h e r e s u l t s o f a co m p ar i s o n o f S p ic er ’ s meas ur e m ent s f o rt h e C FM

- 56 a n d t h e AP E X me a s ur e me nt s f o rt h r ee m o de l s o f t h e C F M

- 56 a l s o pr o v i d e s t r o n g s uppo r t t h at s p ec i at e d OG pr o f i l e dat a ar e i nvar i ant acr o s s e n g i n e t e c h n o lo gi es f o rt h e co mme r c i a l e n g i n e s t e st e d
.
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i ci en cy i s clo s e t o 1 0 0p e r c e nt . M e a s u r ement of ma n yO G s b e c o m e s d i ff ic u l t o rimp o s s ib l e d u e t o lim it at i o ns o f t h e i n s t r u m e nt d e t e c t i o n le ve ls ( t he O G co n c e nt r a t i o n i s t oo s ma l l t o m e a s ur e)
. T h er ef o r e, t h e t o t a l a m o u nt o f a i r c r a f t OG i n an a i r c r a f t l a n d i n g- t akeo f f c y c l e ( L T O ) i s do mi n at ed by t h e OG e mit t e d at lo w p o wer se t t i n g s ( 3 0 p e r c e nt t h r u st o rle ss)
.

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. , J e tP r opul s i o n , Cam b ri dgeUn i v er s i t y Pr e s s , 200 2, P
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l b e n z e n e 526-7 3 -8 0. 0010 6 gl y o x a l 107-22-2 0. 0181 6 1, 2 , 4-t r i m e t h y

l b e n z e n e 95-63 -6 0. 0035 0 i s ob u t e n e / 1 -b ut e n e 106-98-9 0. 0175 4 1, 3 , 5-t r i m e t h y

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l gl y o x a l 78-98-8 0. 0150 3 1-m e t h y

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l t o l u e n e 620-14-4 0. 0015 4 1-n o n e n e 124-11-8 0. 0024 6 m - t o l u al de h yde 620-23-5 0. 0027 8 1-o c t e n e25377-83- 7 0. 0027 6 m- x y le n ean d p-xy l e n e d 108-38-3 / 106-42-3 0. 0028 2 1-pe nt e n e 109-67-1 0. 0077 6 n a p h th al en e d 91-20-3 0. 0054 1 2-m e t h y

l -1-b ut e n e563-46-2 0. 0014 0 n - d ecan e 124-18-5 0. 0032 0 2-m e t h y

l -1-pe n t e n e763-29-1 0. 0003 4 n - do d ecan e 112-40-3 0. 0046 2 2-m e t h y

l -2-b ut e n e513-35-9 0. 0018 5 n - h ep t a d ecan e 629-78-7 0. 0000 9 2-m e t h y

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l -1-pe n t e n e 691-37-2 0. 0006 9 n - o c t an e 111-65-9 0. 0006 2 a c e t a l de h yde d 75-07-0 0
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l na pt ha l e n e s 28804-88- 8 0. 0009 0 to lu e n e d 108-88-3 0. 0064 2 e t han e 74-84-0 0. 0052 1 t r an s - 2- h e xe n e 4050-45-7 0. 0003 0 et h y l b en z e n e d 100-4 1 -4 0. 0017 4 t r an s - 2- pe nt e n e 646-04-8 0. 0035 9 e t hy l e ne f 74-85 -1 0. 1546 1 v a l er al d e h yd e 110-62-3 0. 0024 5 for m a l de h yded, f 50-00 -0 0. 1231 0 uni de nt i f

i e d b NA 0. 2921 3 S u m o f allc o mp o u n d s 1. 0000 0 aC A S = C h e m i cal Ab s t r a ct s S e r v i ce b S ee d i s c u s s i o n o f u n i d e n ti f i eds p eci es in S ect i o n 2
. 1 o f th i s r ep ort . c F or c o mme r c ial, mi l i t a r y , g e n e r al av iat i o n , an d ai r tax i ai r c r a f te q u i p p e d w ith t ur b o f an , tur b o j e t , an d tur b op r op e n g i n e s . d Ide n t

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i e da sa HA Pi n S e c t i o n 112o f t h e CA A(s ha de d a b ov e ). e Ide n t i f i e d i n IRIS a s ha v i n g t o xi c c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s (s ha de d a b ov e ). f V a l u es w er ea d ju s t edf r o m th o s e s h o w n in th e T e ch n i cal S up p or t D o cu m e n t t oa cco u n t f or r o u n d i n g an d t of a ci l i t a t e i n c l us i o n o f t h e da t a

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. 00 000)
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y dr oc ar bon E m i s s i o n s In v e nt or i e s - R e c o m m e nde d B e s t P r ac t i c e 52. 1 Repre s ent a t i on of Unident i f i ed M a s s T abl e 1 s h o w s t h at appr o x i m at e l y29 per c e nt o f t h e OG m a s s as s o c i at ed w it h t h e e x h au s t f r o m t h e t e s t ed c o mme r c i a la ir c r a f t en g i ne s i s p r es ent l yu n i d e nt i f i e d
. Fu t u r e r e s ear ch by bo t h t h e F A A a n d E P A ma y p r o v id e be t t e rq u a nt if ic at i o n a n dd e f i n it i o n o f t h e c u rr e nt ly uni de nt i f i e d ma s s . I n t h e i nt e r i m , t h e uni de nt i f i e d ma s s h a s bee n ge n e r i ca lly i d e nt i f i ed as lo n g ercarb o n c h a i n s p ec i e s n o t i n c luded i n t h e meas ur ed OG s p ec i e s l i s t e d i n T abl e 1. T h es e lo n g er car b o n c h a i n s p ec i e s , i d e nt i f i ed i n Ta b l e 2 , ar e ba s e do n s c ie nt if ic ju d g me nt f r o m t h e AP E X pr i n c ipa l i nve s t i g at or s , t h e E P A , a n d t h e FAA
. T ab l e 2 . Un i d e n ti fi ed M a s s S p eci es As s i g n m e nt Sp e c ie s CA S Ma ss F r a c ti on C

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. 05843 d ode c e n a l 1127 1786 0. 02922 T o ta l0. 29213 Bot h F A A a n d E P A r eco gni z e t h at t h e adva n ced at m o s pher ic p h o t o c h e mi c a l m o de l s us ed t o s i m u l at e t h e t r an s p o r t , di s p er s i o n , a n d r eact i v it y o f a i r c r a f t en g i ne e m i s s i o n s w i l l b e ne f it f r o m t h e b e s t av a i l a bl e a cco unt i n g o f OGs
. F o rt h e purp o s e o f ph o t o c h e mi c a la n d o t h e r r e l at e d m o de l i n g e f f o r t s , t h e E P A an d F A A r e c o mme n dt h e “b es t f it ” s p ec i at i o n o f t h e uni de nt i f i e d ma s s li s t ed i n T abl e 2 ( r eco gni z i ng th at ot h e ras s i g n me nt s ma y b e appr o p r i at e depen d i ng o n t h e m o de l i ng e f f o r t pr o v i d ed a s s i g n me nt s do n o t r e peat or o v er l ap w it h a l r ead y i d e nt i f i e ds p e c i es )
. T h i s u n i d e nt i f i ed m a s s s p ec i e s as s i g n me nt i s r eco mme n d ed f o rus e i n exi s t i n g c h e mi c a l me c h a n i s m s s u c h as t h e St at e w i d e Ai rPo l lu t i o n R e s e ar ch C e nt er1999 ( S AP RC9 9 ) , Carb o n Bo n d4 , Carb o n Bo n d5 , RAD M

- 2 an do t h e ra t m o sp h e r ic c h e m i s t r y mo d e l s . 2. 2 SP E C I A T E D a tabas e R a ting I n

t h e s uppo r t do cum e nt at i o n f o rt h e SPE C I AT E dat ab a s e , E P A e xp l a i ns t h e r at i n g cr it er i a dev e lo ped f o radd i n g n e w pr o f il e s t o t h e dat ab a s e . T h e a i r c r a f t en g i ne s p ec i at i o n pr o f il e li s t ed i n T abl e 1 w i lla l s o r e s i de i n E P A’ s SPE C I AT E da t ab a s e , as t h e FAA a n d E P A p r e f e rre dp r o f i l e f o r s p e c i at i n g O G e mi ssi o n s f r o m a irc ra f t e q u i p p e dw it h t u rb o f a n , t u rb o j e t , an d t u rb o p r o pen g i nes . T h e pr o f i l e w i l lr e p l ace a nd s uper s ede a l lpr i o rpr o f i l e s . T h e E P A r at e s al lSPE C I AT E pr o f il es us i ng cr it er i a to des c r ib e t h e co nf i d e n c e , dat a qua l it y an d r o b u s t n e s s . T h e s e r at i n g s as s e s s t h e qua lit yo f t h e e nt i r e dat a s e t us ed t o gen e r at e a g i v e n p r of i l e , r at h e rt h an e a c h s p eci f i c p o l l u t ant wit h i n t h e p r of i l e . T h e s e c r it e r i a ar e pr es ent e d/d i s c us s e d o n t h e f o l lo w i ng page:

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ile vintage) i s b a s e d o n t h e vi nt ag e o f t h e pr o f i l e w h i c h r e f l e c t s me as u r ement te c hn o logy an d m e th od ology :

− Af t e r year2000 s c o r e = 5

− 1996- 2000 s c or e = 4

− 1991- 1995 s c or e = 3

− 1980- 1990 s c or e = 2

− F o rpr o f i l e s b e f o r e y ear1980 – s c o r e =1 T h e s p e c iat i o n p r o f ile p r e s e nt e d in Ta b l e 1 wa s as s i g n ed a V- r at i n g o f “ 5 ” b e caus e t h e p r of i l e i s b a s e d on me a s u r ement te c h n iq u e s th atw e r e us e dan d me th od ologie s th at h a v e b e e n acc ept e d af t e r t h e year2000.

• D- r a ting ( numbe r of s a mple s ) i s g i v e n a “ 4 ” (e x c e l l e nt ) to “ 1 ” (p o o r) ra t i n g . T h i s cat eg o r y i s r at e d b a s e d o n t h e nu m b ero f s a m p l e s :

− Nu m b ero f s a m p l e s gr eat er t h an 10 s c o r e = 4

− 5

- 9 sa m p l e s sc o r e = 3

− 3- 4 an d co m p o s it e s a m p l e s s c o r e = 2

− 1- 2 o r unkn o w n nu m b ero f s a m p l e s s c o r e = 1 T h e s p ec i at i o n pr o f i l e pr es e nt e d i n T a bl e 1 has b e en a s s i g n ed a D- r at i n g o f “ 4 ” b ecau s e t h e p r o f ile is ba s e do n m o r e t h a n 1 0 s a mp le s ( t he m u l

t ip le S p ic e ra n d AP E X t e s t ing f o rC FM

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.
• Fi nal Scor e = (V -rat i n g ) x (D -rat i n g ). Pro f i l e q u a l it y i s t h e n rat e df r o m A (e x c e l l e nt ) to E (p o o r) a s s h o w n i n Ta b l e 3
. T ab l e 3 . O v eral lP r o f i l e Q u a l i ty Ra ti ng s F i na l S c or e R a ng e s P r of il e Q u a l it y 17- 20 A 13- 16 B 9- 12 C 5- 8 D <5 E T h e f i na l pr o f i l e qua lit y r at i n g f o r t h e s p ec i at i o n pr o f i l e i n T a bl e 1 i s 20, o r “A ”.

• J- r a ting ( expert judgment) i s g i ve n a “ 5 ” ( e x c e l l e nt ) to “ 1 ” ( poo r ) r a t i n g . T h i s v a lu e i s b a s e d o n t h e i n f o r mat i o n un d e r l yi ng eac h pr o f i l e i n c lud i ng, b u t n o t limit e d to :
o P r o f i l e c o mp o s it io n ; o R e lat i v e r at i o s o f s p e c ie s w it h in t h e p r o f i l e ; o S u m of th e s p e c i ate dma s s f r a c ti on s ; o C o nf i d e n ce i n i nve s t i g at or /gr o upco l l ect i n g t h e dat a ; a n d o Suppor t i n g do cu m e nt at i o n .

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y dr oc ar bon E m i s s i o n s In v e nt or i e s - R e c o m m e nde d B e s t P r ac t i c e 7E P A do es n o t pr o v i d e o b j ect i v e r u le s o n h o w t o as s i g n t h e J

- r at i n g . T h i s i nher e nt l y qua l it at i v e v a lu e h a s b e e n as s i g n ed by t h e pr i n c i pa l i nve s t i g ato r s o f t h e pr o f i l e ( A er o d y n e R e s e ar ch , I n c . an dE P A ’ s Of f

i ce o f R e s e ar ch D e v e lopment
- N at i on al Ri s k M a n a g e me nt R e s e ar c h L a b o rato ry ) w it h i np u t f r o m t h e p art ic ip a nt s o n t h i s p r o j e c t . T h e s p ec i at i o n pr o f i l e i n T abl e 1 has bee n as s i g n e da J

- r a t i n g o f “ 5 ” ( e x c e l l e nt )
.

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y dr oc ar bon E m i s s i o n s In v e nt or i e s - R e c o m m e nde d B e s t P r ac t i c e 83. 0CONVERS I O N F ACTORS OG e mi s s i o n s ar e de f i ned a var iet y o f wa y s depe n d i ng o n t h e r e a s o n f o rt h e a n a l y s i s ( e . g . , p r e p ar at i o n o f an em i s s i o n s i n v e nt or y orph o t oc h e m i c a l an al y s i s ) , t h e m o d e l i n g n e e d , an d/ or t h e r e gu l at o r y co nt ex t . T h e de f i nit i o n s i n c lude t o t a l o r gani c ga s e s ( T OG) 18 , no n- m e t h a n e O G s ( N M O G ) , to ta l HC ( T H C ) , a n d v o l at i l e or g a n i c c o m p ou n d s ( V OC )
. T h e i n di vi d u a l an d gr o ups o f OGs i n c luded i n eac h de f i ne d s e t / s ubs et o f gas e s ar e des c r ib e d i n t h e f o l lo w i ng and i l lus t r at ed o n F i gu re 1 :

• T OG –T OG i s de f i ne d by C AR B as co m p o u n d s o f car b o n , e x c lud i ng car b o n m

o n o xi de, carb o n d i o x i d e, car b o ni c ac i d , m e t a l l i c car bi de s o rcarb o n at e s , an d a mm o ni u m car b o n at e . T OG i n c ludes a l lo r gani c ga s co m p o u n d s e m it t e d to t h e at m o s pher e , i n c lud i ng t h e l o w r eact i v it yco m p o u n d s ( e . g . , m e t h a n e, et h a n e , v ar i o u s chlo r i nat e d f luo r o carb o n s , acet o n e, per c hlo r o e t h y l en e, v o l at i l e me t hyls i lo x a n e s , an d o x y g e n at ed OG)
.
• NM OG - As i m p li ed, NM OG s i n c l ud e a l lo r gani c co m p o u n d s e x c e pt m e t h a n e w h i c h i s t h e m o s t c o mm o n OG a n d a gr eenh o us e ga s t h at i s s o m e t i me s e x c luded f r o m t h e an a l y s i s o f o r gani c co m p o u n d s .
• T H C – Or gani c co m p o u n d s i n e x h au s t , as m e a s u r ed by a f l a me i o ni z at i o n det ect o r (FID ) p e r t h e I nt e rn at i o n a lC i v i l A v i at i o n O r g a n i z at i o n ’ s (IC A O ’ s ) A n n e x1 6
. 19 Not abl y , a FI D do es n o taccur at e l y me as ur e a l lo f t h e m a s s o f o x y g e n at ed OG, whi c h i n f luen c e s t h e ab un dan c e s o f s p eci f i c ch em i cal c o m p ou n d s r e l at i v e t o t h e t o t a l i n t h e me a s ur ed e x h aus t . T h i s i s i m po r t antb ecaus e t h es e ab u n da n c es d i ct at e t h e a m o u nt s o f eac h s p ec i at e d co m p o u n d i n t h e exh au s t pl u me

• VOC – VOC i s de f i ned byE P A a s a n y co m p o u n do f car b o n t h at par t ic ip at es i n at m o s p h e r ic p h o t o c h e mi c a lre a c t i o n s . F o r a i rc ra ft, t h i s i s f u rt h e r d e fi n e da s e x h au s t T OG corr e c t ed t o ex c l ud e t h e ma s s o f me t h a n e, et h a n e , a n d acet o n e an d t o f u l l y acco unt f o rt h e ma s s o f f o r ma l de hy de a n d acet a ld e hy de [ U
. S
. E P A 2007]
. 20 No t abl y , a d dit i on alc o m p ou n d s ar e ex clu d e d/ ex em p t f r om t h i s g r ou p of O G wh en s o u r c e s ot h e rt h an a i r c r a f t en g i ne s ar e b e i ng co n s i d er ed. VOC a l s o ex c lude s car b o n m

o n o xi de, carb o n d i o x i d e, car b o ni c ac i d , m e t a l l i c car bi de s o rcarb o n at e s , an d amm o n i um carb on at e .

18 A l s o r e f er r e d toas to talor g an i c c o mp o u n d s ( T O C ) wh e n d i s c u s s e din an ai r q u ali ty co n t e x t. 19 I C A O ’ s An n e x 1 6a dd r es s e s p r o t ect i o n o f th e e n v i r o n m e n t f r o m th e ef f ecto f a i r c r a f t n o i s e an d a i r c r a f t en g i n e e m i ssi o n s. 20 Per t

h e E P A d e f i n i t i o n o f VOC a t h t tp: //w w w . epa. g o v /ttn/ n a a qs /o zo n e /o zo n e t e c h /d e f _voc . h t m
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y dr oc ar bon E m i s s i o n s In v e nt or i e s - R e c o m m e nde d B e s t P r ac t i c e 9Figure 1GroupsofOGsAircraftSpeciatedHydrocarbonEmissionsInventories-RecommendedBestPractice10Unl i ke e mi s s i o n s f r o m o t h e r t r an s p o r t a

t i o n s o ur ces , i nt e r n at i o n a l c e r t i f i cat i o n s t an dar d s r e qu i r e t h at OG e mi s s i o n s f r o m n e w l y cer t i f i ed a i r c r a f t e n g i nes b e r e po r t ed i n u n it s o f me t h a n e equ i va l e nc y . 21 A s par t o f t h e e f f o r t to dev e l o p an appr o ach t o quant i f yi ng i n d i v i dua lOG a n d H AP s s p ec i e s , t h e OG, i n m e t h an e equ i va l e nc y , i s co nv er t e d t o T O G acco r d i n g t o t h e av er age m o l ecu l arwe i g ht o f t h e ent i r e s p ec i f i c pr o f i l e ( d i s cus s ed i n m o r e det a i l i n t h e T e c hni ca lSuppo r t Do cum e nt ) l i s t e d i n Ta b l e 1
. T h e d e r i v at i o n s o f co nv er s i o n f

act o r s f o rv ar i o u s t y pe s o f de f i ned OGs ar e d i s c us s e d i n a co m p a n i o n s p r ead s h eet t o t hi s do cum e nt t h at i s e nt it led A i r c r

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ile Spr eads heet [ M i ake- L y e , 2008]
. T h e f a cto r s f o rc o n v e r t i n g T H C to T OG, VOC to T OG an d f

act o r s t o / f r o m t h e ot h e rgr o ups o f o r ganic co m p o u n d s ar e pr o v i d ed i n Ta b l e 4
. T ab l e 4 . Co nv ers i o n F a cto r s a TH C t o

TO G VO C t o TO G TH C t o NM OG TH C t o VO C NM OG t o TO G T OG t o VO C T OG t o NM OG 1. 161. 01 1. 16 1. 15 1. 00 0. 99 1. 00 aF or th e p ur p o s e o f r ep or tin g , a p p l i c a t i o n , an dco m p ar i s o n , th e u n i t s f or th e co m p o u n d s in th i s t a b l e ar e r e f er e n ceda s f o l l o w s : T H C m e a s u r eda s m e th an e eq u i v a l e n t( f o l l o w i n g pr o ced u r es e s tab lis h e db y I C A O ’ s C o mmitte eo n A v iat i o n E n v i r o n m e n tal P r o t e c tio n ( C A E P ) ) , TO G as T O G , V O C a s V O C , an d N M O Ga s N M O G(s e eT e c h n i c al S uppor tD o c u m e ntf or a ddi t i o n a l i n f or m a tio n )
. S o u r ce: A i r c r a f tEn g i n eS p eci at edH yd r o c a r b o n s : S p eci a t io n P r o f i l eS p r e a d s h eet , M i ak e- L y e, 2008. I ts h o u ld b e n o t e d t h at t h e co n v er s i o n f act o r s i n T able 4 s uper s ede a l l f a ct o r s pr evi o us l y publi s h e d byt h e E P A f o ra i r c r a f t . T h e s e co nv e r s i o n f act o r s ar e n eeded becaus e t h e E P A N at i o n a lE m i ssi o n s I n v e nt o r y (N EI) re p o r t s e mi ssi o n s a s V O C , rat h e rt h a n TH C , w h i c h is t h e ma s s o f hy dr o carb o n s me a s ur ed bya F l a me I o ni zat i o n Det ect or( FI D )
. T h e FI D do es n o t accur at e l y me a s ur e t h e m a s s o f s o me co m p o u n d s , s u ch as f o r ma l de hy de a n d acet a lde hy d e ( o xy ge n at e d OGs )
. VOC a s de f i ned a b o v e e x c lu d es me t h a n e. T h e t u rb i n e e n g i ne a i r c r a f t e mis s i o n s p r o f ile p r e s e nt e d in t h is R B P d o e s no t inc lu d e me t h a n e . W h e n a d e t a ile d q u a nt ific at i o n o f me t h a n e is ma d e in t h e fu t u r e , th e me a s u r e dle v e ls w i l lbe u s e d t o be t t e r id e nt i f ya l l o f t h e e mis s i o n s t h at o c c u rat lo w p o w e r . I t i s w o r t h no t ing , ho w e ve r , t h at co n s u m pt i o n o f me t h a n e at hi g h po wer s m o r e t h an co m p e n s at e s f o rpr o duc t i o n o f t h is co m p o u n dat lo w po wer s , s o t h e n e t b udget o f m e t h an e w ill i n d i cat e co n s u m pt i o n a n d it w i l l n o t b e an i m p o r t a nt ai r c r a f t e n g i ne e m i s s i o n . R e gar d le s s , qua nt i f yi ng t h e a m o u nt o f me t h a n e in a i r c r a f t e n g i n e e x hau s t w i l l p r o v id e a m o r e c o mp le t e s p e c iat i o n o f id le e mis s i o n s . P r evi o us l yt h er e wer e s l i g ht l yd i f f er e nt pr o f i l es f o rco mme r c i a l , mi l it ar y , a irt a xi a n d ge n e r a l a v i at i o n t u rb i n e e n g i n e a i r c ra f t , d u e to d i ff e r e nt t i me i n m o d e (TIM ) e s t i m at e s . C u rre nt l y , it i s r eco mme n d ed t h at o n e pr o f i l e b e us ed f o ra l la i r c r a f t equi pp ed w it h t u rb o f a n , t u rb o j et , an d t u rb o p r o p en g i nes , r e gar d l e s s o f a ir c r a f t c l as s i f i cat i o n . A k e yd i f f er e n ce b e t w een t h e o ld a n d n e w pr o f i l e s i s t h at whil e me t h a n e wa s pr evi o us l y as s u me d to b e a b o u t 9 per c ent o f hy dr o carb o n exhaus t , m e t h a n e i s n o lo n g erco n s i d er ed t o b e an e mi s s i o n f r o m a i r c r a f t gas t u rb i n e e n g i ne s b u r n i n g J e t A at hi g h erpo wers e t t i n gs a n d i s , i n f act , co n s u med i n n e t at t h es e hi g h erpo wer s . T h i s i s a n ar ea o f co nt i nu i n g s c i e nt i f i c r e s ear c h —t h e r e s u l t s o f w h i c h

21 P r o c e d u r e s i n t h e Emis s i o n s C e rtif ic atio n o f A i r c r a f tE n g i n e s , An n e x 1 6 , V o lu meI I , In ter n at io n a lC i v i l A v iatio n Or g an i za tio n . ww w. i c a o . i n t
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y dr oc ar bon E m i s s i o n s In v e nt or i e s - R e c o m m e nde d B e s t P r ac t i c e 11wi l lcl ar i f y i f me t h an e em i s s i o n s ar e s i gn i f i c ant at lo w e rp o w e rs e t t in g s an ds h ould t h e r eby b e co n s i d er ed i n f u l l y s p e c i at i n g t h e lo w po were m i s s i o n s pr o f i l e. F AA a n d E P A agr ee t o r e v i s it th e d e v e lopme nt of a n or g a n i c p r of i l e th at r e f l e c ts th e s e d e v e lopme nts a s th e d ata b eco m e s a v a i l a bl e. [ K ni g ht o n , Her n do n , M i ake- L y e, 2008]
.

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y dr oc ar bon E m i s s i o n s In v e nt or i e s - R e c o m m e nde d B e s t P r ac t i c e 124. 0EM I S S I ON I NVENTORI E S T h i s s ect i o n des c r ibe s t h e r eco mme n d ed s t eps t o pr epar e an e m i s s i o n i nve nt o r y o f s p ec i at e d O G s , inc lu d in g H AP s , f o rc o mme r c ia l , mi l it ar y , g e ne r a l a v iat i o n , a n d a i rt a x i a i r c r a f t t h at ar e equ i pped w it h t u rb o f a n , t u rb o j et , an d t urb o p r o p en g i n e s . T h e emi s s i o n i nve nt or ie s d i s c us s e d i n t h i s do cu m e nt pr o v i d e a n e s t i m at i o n o f t h e s p ec i at e d OG an d H AP s as s o c i at ed w it h a i

r c r a f t act i v it y . T h e r e s u l t s o f t h e a ir c r a f t en g i ne - r e l at e d e mi s s i o n i nve nt o r ie s ar e t y p i ca l l y expr es s e d i n u n it s o f po un ds perda y o r t o n s perye arf o reach po l lu t a nt . 22 4. 1 Airc raf tOperat iona lDat a T h e a i r c r a f t o p er at i o n a l c h ar act er i s t ics t h at ar e o f pr i m ar y s i g n i f i c a n c e f o rpr epar a t i o n o f a n e mi s s i o n s i nve nt or y o f gr o u n d

- b as ed po l lu t a nt s and po l l ut ant s be lo w t h e at m o s pher ic mi x i ng he ig ht ar e :

• T h e nu m b ero f a i r c r a f t o p er a t i o ns ( i
. e . , l a n d i ngs a nd t akeo f f

s ) by a ir c r a f t t y pe, • T h e t y pe a n d nu m b ero f a ir c r a f t en g i nes , an d • T i me s - i n - m o d e f o reach o f t h e a i r c r a f t o p er a t i o n a l m o de s ( i
. e . , appr o ach , t a xi

- i n , t a xi

o u t, i d l e ( d e l a y ) , t ake o f f

, a n d c l im b o ut ) wit h i n t h e at m o s pher ic mi xi ng zo n e . 23, 2 4 So m e o f t h i s d at a ar e av a i l a bl e f r o m a irp o r t pl a nni ng a n d d e s i g n do cu m e nt s . C e r t a i n dat a ( i
. e . , t i me s - i n - m o d e f o rt h e l a n d i ng/t ake o f f c y c le) m a y a l s o b e acqu ir e d f r o m a i r c r a f t p e r f or ma n c e ma nu al s , airp or t
- s p e c i f i c d at a , a n dt h e F A A ’ s A v i at i on S y s t em P e r f or ma n ce M e t r ic s ( A S P M ) dat ab a s e , T e r mi n a l A r ea F o r ecas t ( T AF ) a n d/ o rE mi s s i o n s a n d D i s p er s i o n M o de l i n g S y s t e m ( E DM S) m o de l
. 4. 2 Cal c u l at in g THC, VOC, or NM OGEm is s i on s F o reach uni que a ir c r a f t / e n g i n e co m b i n at i o n , a i r qua l it y pr act it i o n e r s w i l l f i r s t pr epar e an e mi s s i o n s i nve nt or y f o rT H C, VOC, o r NM OG em i s s i o n s . T h e i n v e nt or ie s ca n be pr epar ed us i n g e it h ert h e FAA’ s E D M S m o de lo rby m a nu a l c a l cu l at i o n us i ng t h e E D M S dat abas e o r I C A O ’ s E n g i ne E xhaus t E mi s s i o n s Dat ab a nk
. 25 Fo rc o mme r c ia l a i r c r a f t , t h e e a s i e s t w a y t o o b t a in a n e s t imat e o f t h e s e e mis s i o n s is t o u s e F A A ’ s E D MS m o d e l
. F o rd e m o n s t r at i v e p u rp o se s, t h e f o l lo w i n g e x a m p l e s h o w s h o w t o o b t a in a n e s t imat e o f T H C e m is s i o n s u s in g I C A O d at a . E s t imat e s o f T H C ar e c a lc u l at e d

22 Th ee m i s s i o n i n v e nt or y r e s u l t sc an a l s ob ee xpr e s s e d i n m e t r i c s y s t e me qui v a l e nt s (e
. g . , ki l o gr am s per da y)
. 23 Th et ime s p e n t i n t h e ap pr o a c h an dc l imb o u t mo d e s o f th e l an d i n g /t a k e - o f f cy c l eis d i r e c tly r e la te dto t h e h e ig h to f t

h e“ mix i n g zo n e . ” Th e mi x i n g zo n eist h e layer o f t

h ee a rt

h ’ sat mo s p h e r ewh e r eai r is c o mp le te ly mix e d an d p o llutan t s e mit te dan y wh er ew ith i n t h e layer w ill b ec a rr ie dd o w n tot h egr o u n d le v e l. Th e h e i g h t o f t h emi xi ng z o n ef or ag i v e n l o c a t i o n t y pi c a l l y v a r i e s by s e a s on and t i m eo f da y . 24 A i r c r a f t als oe m i tO G d ur i n g“ s ta r t
- u p ”
. Th e s ee mis s i o n s a r ew ill b ead d r e s s e dt h r o u g h f u tur e r e s e ar ch an d i n c l u d e d i n up d a te s tot h is d o c u me n t

( i n c lu d i n gu p d ate s tot h es p e c i atio n pr o f ileat t

h e

ti mes u ch an u p d ate is a p pr op r i a t e . 25 Th eICA O E n gi n e E xha us tE mi s s i o n s D a t a b an k i s a v a i l a b l e a t http ://w w w . c aa. c o . uk/de f a ult
. as px? c a t i d = 702& pa ge ty p e =90
.
A i r c r

a f

t Sp e c i at e d

H

y dr oc ar bon E m i s s i o n s In v e nt or i e s - R e c o m m e nde d B e s t P r ac t i c e 13b a s e d o n t h e a m o u nt o f f u e lco n s u med bya n a i r c r a f t i n eac h o f t h e a i r c r a f t o p er a t i o n a l m o de s an d e n g i ne- s pec i f i c T H C e mi s s i o n i n d i ce s ( s pec i f i c t o each a i r c r a f t o p er a t i o n a l m o de)
. 4. 2. 1 E x a m p l e T H C Cal c u l at ion An a i r qua lit ypr act it i o ner i s c h ar ged w it h s p ec i a t i n g a ir c r a f t
- r e l at e d T H C e m i s s i o n s f o ra n Air b us A 320- 100 equ ipped w it h t w o C FM 56- 5 A 1 t u rb o f a n e n g i nes . O v ert h e p e r i o do f i nt e r e s t , t h e A 320- 100 per f o r m s 1, 000 o p er a t i o ns ( 500 l a n d i ng- t ake o f f c y c l es )
. B a s e d o n t h e c o n f i g u r at i o n of t h e ai rp or t a n d f i el d s u r v ey s , ea ch ai r c r a f t h a s an av e r a g e c o m b i n e dt a x i/ i dl e ( d e l a y ) t i me o f 26 mi nut es perl a n d i n g- t akeo f f c y c le ( a t a xi i n t i me o f 7 mi nut es an d a t a xi

o u t t i me , i n c lud i ng d e l a y , o f 19 mi nut es )
. T h i s a i r c r a f t a n d o p er at i o n a l dat a ar e s u mm ar i zed in Ta b l e 5
. T ab l e 5 . E x a mp l e Ai rcr a ft O p er at i o na lDa ta
Ai r c r a f t Engi ne Nu m b e r of Engi ne s Nu m b e r o f Op e r a t i o n s a Ta xiT i me (M i nu t e s ) In Ou t Ai r bus A 320- 100 C F M56- 5A 1 2 1 , 000 7 19 a 1, 000 o p e r a t i o n s e q ua l s 500 l a n d in g- ta ke o f f c y c l e s o r 500 a r r i v a l s a n d 500 de pa r t ur e s . T h e f u e l f lo w r at e s an d T H C e mi s s i o n i n d i ces f o rth e C FM 56- 5 A 1 ar e pr o v i d ed i n T abl e 6. T ab l e 6 : E x a mp l e F u el F l o wR at e s /E mi s s i o n I ndi ces A i rc raf t O p e r at i o n a lM o d e Da t a Ta ke of f C l i m b o u t A ppr o a c h I d le Fu elFlo wRate ( kilo g r a m s/se c ond ) 1. 05100 0. 86200 0. 291000. 10110 T H C Em i s s i on I ndi c e s ( g ram s / ki l o g ram o f f u e l ) 0. 2300 0. 2300 0. 40001. 4000

As s u m i ng a s c e n ar i o s p ec i f i c at m o s p h e r i c m i xi ng h e i g ht 26 an d us i ng t h e a i r c r a f t o p er a t i o n a l d at a (i .e ., nu m b e ro f arr i v a l s , nu m b e ro f d e p art u r e s , t i me s - i n - m o d e ) a n d t h e b a s e d at a ( i .e ., f u e l flo w rat e s a n dTH C e mi ssi o n i n d i c e s ) , t h e TH C e mi ssi o n s , b ya irc ra f t o p e r a t i o n a l m o d e i s ca l c u l at ed, ar e ca lc u l at ed, an d t h e n s u m med f o r eac h m o de, as det a i l e d i n E quat i ons No. 1 and 2
. 27

26 Th e na t i o na lde f a ul t a

t m o s p h eri c mi xi ng h e i g h t i s 3, 0 00 f e e t . S i t e -s pe c i f i c da t as h o u l d b eus e dwh e n s u c h d a t ais r e adily av ailab l e . 27 N o tab l y , HA P s e mis s i o n s a r e

gr e a te s t d ur i n g t h e tax i an d idl eai r c r a f top er at io n a lmo d e s an d e mis s i o n s att

r ib u t ab letot h e

appr o a c h an dc l i m b o u t mo d e s w ill v a r y

d e p e n d i n g o n t h es c e n a r ios p e c i f i c atmo s p h er i c mix i n gh e ig h t .
A i r c r

a f

t Sp e c i at e d

H

y dr oc ar bon E m i s s i o n s In v e nt or i e s - R e c o m m e nde d B e s t P r ac t i c e 14E quat i on No . 1: F u e lC o ns u m ption B y A i rc ra f tOpe rationalM o de F

u e lF l o w Rate for Ope r ationa l M ode ( k g/se c ) x T

i me - i n- M ode ( s e c s ) = T

o tal F

u e lConsumpt ion/Eng i ne for Ope r atio nal M ode ( k g)

E quat i on No . 2: T H C E m is s i ons B y Airc ra f tOpe rationalM o de T

o tal F

u e lConsumpt ion for Ope r ational M ode ( k g) x T H C Emiss i on I n di c e s ( g /1000 k

g of fue l ) x N

u mbe r of Engine sx N u mbe r of Ope r ationsx k

g

/100 0 g = T H C Emis sionsbyM ode ( k g)

F o rt h e A 320 a ir c r a f t e x a m p l e, t h e f u e l f lo w r at e an d T H C e m i s s i o n i n d i c e s ar e pr o v i d ed i n Ta b l e 7
. T h e es t i m at e d le ve l o f T H C f r o m eac h o f t h e a i r c r a f t o p er at i o n a l m o de s a n d t h e T H C f o ra l l o f t h e A 320 a c t i vit y( a l l1, 000 o p er a t i o n s o r500 l a n d i ng- t akeo f f c y c l e s ) i s a l s o p r o v i d e d
. A s s h o w n, t h e le ve l o f T H C var i e s s u bs t a nt i a l l yd e p e nd in g o n t h e a ir c r a f t o p er a t i o n a l m o de w it h e m i s s i o n s b e i ng t h e hi g h es t dur i n g t h e t a xi i n a n d t a xio u t m o des a n d t h e lo wes t dur i n g appr o ach , t ake o f f

, a n d c l im b o ut . Tabl e7 . Ex a mpleTHC Esti m at e Fu elFlo wRate ( P e r En gine ) a T ime in Mode (mi n s ) a Fu el C ons u m p t i o n ( P e r Eng i ne Pe r O p e r ati o n

–

kg) TH C E m i s s i on I ndi c e s (g/ k gF u el C ons u me d ) a Nu m b e r o f T H C ( kg) Mode b Ra te (k g/ s e c ) Engi ne s O pe r a ti on s A

ppr o a c h 0. 29100 4. 12 71. 935 0. 40 2 500 28. 77 Ta xiI n 0. 10110 7. 00 42. 562 1. 40 2 500 59. 45 Ta xiOut 0. 10110 19. 00 115. 254 1. 40 2 500 161. 36 Ta ke of f 1. 05100 1. 51 95. 221 0. 23 2 500 21. 90 C l im b o ut 0. 86200 0. 53 27. 412 0. 23 2 500 6. 30 T o ta l- - - - - - - - - - - - 277. 78 a O b ta i n e d f

r om F A A ’ s ED MS d a t a b a se s. bT hi s ex a m p l e d o e s no t in c l u d e d a ta a n d / o r a ssum p tions f o r auxi li a r ypo we r uni ts. As s h o w n i n Ta b l e 7 , 277. 78 kg o f T H C e m i s s i o n s ar e e s t i m at e d to r e s u l t f r o m t h e o p er a t i o n s per f o r m e d byt h e Ai r b u s A 320- 100. 4. 3 C o nve rting to T O G As pr evi o us ly s t at ed , t h e pr o f il e dat a i n T abl e 1 s h o u ld b e app l i e d to i n v e nt o r ie s o f T O Gto o b t a i n es t i m at e s o f i n d i vi du a l ( s p e c i at ed) OGs
. B e f o r e appl yi ng t h e pr o f il e dat a to an e s ti m ate o f T H C e m i s s i o n s ( o rN M O GorV O C ) , th e T H C m u s t f i rs t b e c o n v e r te dt o T O G
. T h is ap p lic at i o n is d e t a ile d in E quation N o . 3
.
A i r c r

a f

t Sp e c i at e d

H

y dr oc ar bon E m i s s i o n s In v e nt or i e s - R e c o m m e nde d B e s t P r ac t i c e 15E quat i on No . 3: C o nve r s ion to T OG T

H C Em ission s ( k g) x T OG Co nv e rsion F a c t or = T OG ( k g)
As s h o w n i n T abl e 4, t h e T H C t o T OG c o n v e r s i o n f a ct o ri s 1. 16. T h er e f o r e, t h e am o u nt o f T OG emit t e d by t h e A 320 a i r c r a f t i n t h i s exa m p l e i s a n es t i m at e d 322. 22 kg
. 4. 4 A ppl ying Spe c i ationP ro f i l e D a ta T o s p ec i at e T OG emi s s i o n s , a n a i rqua l it ypr act it i o n e rs h o u ld o b t a i n t h e l at e s t OG s p eci at i o n p r o f ile ( f r o m T ab l e 1 o rf r o m t h e FA A /EP A w e b s it e s ). To d e ri v e t h e e m i ssi o n rat e s f o r a n i n d i v i dua lOG, t h e m a s s f r act i o n s i n t h e pr o f i l es a r e m u l

t i

p l i ed byt h e t o t a l a m o u nt o f T OG. T h e c a lc u l at i o n f o ro b t a in in g t h e e s t imat e de m is s i o n r at e f o ra n in d i v i d u a l O Ga n d/ o rH AP i s pr o v i d ed i n E quation N o . 4
. E quat i on No . 4: Com puting Spe c i ate dAirc ra f tOG E m is s i ons Us ing T OG TO G ( k g) x Spe c i ationP rofile i( m assfrac ti on) = OG i(k g) W

h e r e : i = OG o

f

inte r e s t F o ri l lu st r at i v e p u rp o se s, Ta b l e 8 pr o v i d e s t h e OG e mi s s i o n es t i m at e f o rt h e A 320 exa m p l e f o rt h r ee i n d i v i dua l OG/H AP s ( t h e t able do es n o ti n c l ud e a l lo f t h e s p ec i at e d OGs i n T abl e 1)
. T h e t h r ee OGs /H AP s ar e et hy l e n e , f o r ma l d e hyde, an d to l u e n e. Tabl e8 . Ex a mpleSp e c iat e dOG Em i s s i o n Le v e l s A i rc raf t Typ e Engi ne T yp e / N o . o f Engi ne s TO G (k g ) OG S p e c ia t i on Pr o f i l e ( ma ss f r a c t i o n ) OG Emi s s i on I n v e nt or y (k g ) et hyle n e 0
. 15459 49. 81 A 320- 100 C F M- 56 / 2 322. 22 f o r ma l de hyde 0. 12308 39. 66 to l u e n e 0
. 00642 2. 09 As s h o w n i n T abl e 8, t h e es t i m at e d e m i s s i o n r at e s f o ret hy l e ne, f o r m a l de hy de, a n d t o l u e n e e mi s s i o n s ar e appr o x i m at e l y 50, 40, an d 2 kg, r e s p ect i v e l y , f o r t h e A 320 exa m p l e. 4. 5 P res ent a t i on of Res u l t s T h e em i s s i o n s i n v e nt o r yp r ov i d e s an es t i m at e of t h e am ount of air c r a f t
- r e l at e dHAP s emit t e d i n t h e t i me f r a me o f t h e i nve nt o r y . F o rc o n s i s t e n c y w it h e m i s s i o n i nve nt o r ie s t h at ar e pr epar ed f o r t h e E P A cr it er i a a irpo l l ut a nt s , t h e r e s u l t s s h o u ld b e e xpr e s s e d i n u n it s o f t o n s o r

A i r c r

a f

t Sp e c i at e d

H

y dr oc ar bon E m i s s i o n s In v e nt or i e s - R e c o m m e nde d B e s t P r ac t i c e 16po un ds per yearo rp o un ds perda y o ras equi v a l e nt me t r ic s y s t e m u n it s . B e caus e t h e o u t p u t dat a can b e o v er l y co m p l e xa n d v o l u m i n o us , t h e dat a ar e m o s t co n v e ni e nt l ypr es e nt e d i n tab u l arf o rm . Ta b l e 9 p r o v i d e s a s a m p l e t ab l e f o rm at f o r p r e s e nt i n g t h e a i r c ra f t -re l at e d O G/H AP e mis s i o n e s t imat e s . T h e f o r mat o f T ab l e 1 ( i nc lu d i n g C A S R e g i s t r y nu mb e r s ) ma y a l s o b e u s e d
. T ab l e 9 . E x a mp l e F o r m a t f o r Repo rt i ng S p ec i ate d O G s Ye a r OG E s tima t e d Em i s si o n s (k g ) 2008 et hyle n e 50 f o r ma l de hyde 40 to l u e n e 2 Depen d i ng o n t h e purpo s e an d s c o p e o f t h e as s e s s me nt , t h e r e s u l t s can b e f u r t h e rs e gr egat ed bya n a l y s i s y ear , a i rp o r t o p er a t i o n a l l e v e lo rpr o j e c t al t e r n at i v e. F o rr e vi ew i ng purpo s e s , t h e e mi s s i o n es t i m at i o n r e s u l t s s h o u ld b e acco m p a n i e d by1) a s u mm ar ye xp l a n at i o n o f h o w t h e a sse ss me nt w a s c o n d u c t e d( i n f o r m at i o n a n dd at a so u r c e s , m a j o ra ssu m p t i o n s, c o m p u t at i o n a l me t h o d s ) , 2) h o w t h e r e s u l t s ar e i nt e rp r et e d o rc o m p ar ed ( b et wee n a l t e r n at i v e s o rc o m p ar ed to a n y ap p l i c a b l e s i g n ifi c a n c e c r it e r i a ) a n d 3) a n y n o t e w o r t hy limit at i o n s t o t h e un der s t a n d i ng a n d app l i c at i o n o f t h e o u t c o m e( s )
.

A i r c r

a f

t Sp e c i at e d

H

y dr oc ar bon E m i s s i o n s In v e nt or i e s - R e c o m m e nde d B e s t P r ac t i c e 17LI S T OF REF E RENC ES C A A , 1977 , 42 U. S. C
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a lif or nia' s E m is s i on I n ventor y and A i r Quali t y M odels , Augus t . C A R B , 2000, S t a t ewi d e Ai rPo l l ut i o n R e s ear c h C e nt er1999 M e ch a n i s m ( S AP R C 99) , M a y . FAA , 2007, E m is s i ons and Dis p ers i on M odeling S y s t em (E DM S) Us er ’ s M anual , FA A O ffi c e o f E nvi r o nme nt an d E n er g y , pr epar ed by CS S I , I n c. , J a nu ar y . FAA a n d U. S. E P A , 2008, Quality A s s u r ance P r oj ect P l an f o r the Development o f

aC o mmer c ial A i r c r

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t Haz a r dous A i r P o llutants E m is s i on I n ventor y M e thodology , pr epar ed byKB E nvi r o nme nt a l Sc i e n ces , I n c. , M ar c h 31. Ger y et al , 1988, 1989. C arb o n B o n dI VM ech a n is m ( C B 4 )
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. S y s t e m s A p p l i c at io n s I nt e r n at io n a l, A n Updated P hotochemical M echanis m f o r M odeling Ur ban and R e gional A i r Quality : C a r bon B ond , V e r

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- V ) , Decem ber4, 2002
. USAF , 1984, C o mpos ition and P hotochemical R e activ ity of Tur b ine Engine E xhaus t , pr epar ed byB at t el l e L a b o r at o r ies , pr epar ed f o rt h e Air F o r ce E n g i neer i n g a n d S e r v i c e s C e nt er , Sept em b e r . USAF , 1987a, A i r c r

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