Securities Purchase Agreement



  
 Exhibit 10.2

 SECURITIES PURCHASE AGREEMENT 
 This SECURITIES PURCHASE AGREEMENT (the “Agreement”), dated as of November 4, 2010, is by and among Marina Biotech, Inc., a Delaware corporation with offices located at 3830
Monte Villa Parkway, Bothell, Washington 98021 (the “Company”), and each of the investors listed on the Schedule of Buyers attached hereto (individually, a “Buyer” and collectively, the
“Buyers”). 
 RECITALS 
 A. The Company and each Buyer desire to enter into this transaction to purchase the Common Shares (as defined below) and related Subscription Units (as defined below) set forth herein pursuant to a
currently effective shelf registration statement on Form S-3, which has at least $50 million of unallocated shares of common stock, $0.006 par value per share, of the Company (the “Common Stock”) registered thereunder (Registration
Number 333-168447) (the “Registration Statement”), which Registration Statement has been declared effective in accordance with the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “1933 Act”), by the United States Securities
and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). 
 B. Each Buyer wishes to purchase, and the Company wishes to sell, upon
the terms stated in this Agreement, (i) the aggregate number of shares of Common Stock set forth opposite such Buyer’s name in column (3) on the Schedule of Buyers (which aggregate amount for all Buyers shall be 1,795,000 shares of
Common Stock and shall collectively be referred to herein as the “Common Shares”), and (ii) a subscription investment unit to initially acquire up to that number of additional shares of Common Stock set forth opposite such
Buyer’s name in column (4) on the Schedule of Buyers, in the form attached hereto as Exhibit A (the “Subscription Units”) (as exercised, collectively, the “Unit Shares”). 

C. The Common Shares, the Subscription Units and the Unit Shares are collectively referred to herein as the
“Securities.” 
 AGREEMENT 

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises and the mutual covenants contained herein and for other good and valuable consideration,
the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the Company and each Buyer hereby agree as follows: 
  

	1.	PURCHASE AND SALE OF COMMON SHARES AND SUBSCRIPTION UNITS. 

 (a) Common Shares and Subscription Units. The Company shall issue and sell to each Buyer, and each Buyer severally, but not jointly, shall purchase from the Company on the Closing Date (as defined
below), the aggregate number of Common Shares, as is set forth opposite such Buyer’s name in column (3) on the Schedule of Buyers, along with a Subscription Unit to initially acquire up to the aggregate number of Unit Shares as is set
forth opposite such Buyer’s name in column (4) on the Schedule of Buyers. 







  

(b) Closing. The closing (the “Closing”) of the purchase of the Common Shares and the
Subscription Units by the Buyers shall occur at the offices of Greenberg Traurig, LLP, MetLife Building, 200 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10166. The date and time of the Closing (the “Closing Date”) shall be 10:00 a.m., New York time,
on the third (3rd) Trading Day (as defined in the
Subscription Units) after the date hereof (or such earlier date as is mutually agreed to by the Company and each Buyer). As used herein “Business Day” means any day other than a Saturday, Sunday or other day on which commercial
banks in New York, New York are authorized or required by law to remain closed. 
 (c) Purchase Price. The aggregate
purchase price for the Common Shares and the Subscription Units to be purchased by each Buyer (the “Purchase Price”) shall be the amount set forth opposite such Buyer’s name in column (5) on the Schedule of Buyers.

 (d) Payment of Purchase Price; Deliveries. On the Closing Date, (i) each Buyer shall pay its respective Purchase
Price to the Company for the Common Shares and the Subscription Units to be issued and sold to such Buyer at the Closing, by wire transfer of immediately available funds in accordance with the Company’s written wire instructions, (less, in the
case of                      (as defined below) and
                     (as defined below), as applicable, the amounts withheld pursuant to Section 4(g)) and (ii) the Company shall
(A) cause American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, LLC (together with any subsequent transfer agent, the “Transfer Agent”) through the Depository Trust Company (“DTC”) Fast Automated Securities
Transfer Program, to credit such aggregate number of Common Shares that such Buyer is purchasing as is set forth opposite such Buyer’s name in column (3) of the Schedule of Buyers to such Buyer’s or its designee’s balance account
with DTC through its Deposit/Withdrawal at Custodian system and (B) deliver to each Buyer a Subscription Unit to initially acquire up to the aggregate number of Unit Shares as is set forth opposite such Buyer’s name in column (4) on
the Schedule of Buyers, duly executed on behalf of the Company and registered in the name of such Buyer or its designee and (C) deliver to such Buyer the other documents, instruments and certificates set forth in Section 6. 

 

	2.	BUYER’S REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES. 

 Each Buyer, severally and not jointly, represents and warrants to the Company with respect to only itself that: 
 (a) Organization; Authority. Such Buyer is an entity duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its organization with the requisite power and
authority to enter into and to consummate the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents (as defined below) to which it is a party and otherwise to carry out its obligations hereunder and thereunder. 

(b) Validity; Enforcement. This Agreement has been duly and validly authorized, executed and delivered on behalf of such Buyer and
constitutes the legal, valid and binding obligations of such Buyer enforceable against such Buyer in accordance with its terms, except as such enforceability may be limited by general principles of equity or applicable bankruptcy, insolvency,
reorganization, moratorium, liquidation and other similar laws relating to, or affecting generally, the enforcement of applicable creditors’ rights and remedies. 







  
 (c) No
Conflicts. The execution, delivery and performance by such Buyer of this Agreement and the consummation by such Buyer of the transactions contemplated hereby will not (i) result in a violation of the organizational documents of such Buyer,
(ii) conflict with, or constitute a default (or an event which with notice or lapse of time or both would become a default) under, or give to others any rights of termination, amendment, acceleration or cancellation of, any agreement, indenture
or instrument to which such Buyer is a party or (iii) result in a violation of any law, rule, regulation, order, judgment or decree (including federal and state securities laws) applicable to such Buyer, except, in the case of clauses
(ii) and (iii) above, for such conflicts, defaults, rights or violations which would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a material adverse effect on the ability of such Buyer to perform its obligations
hereunder. 
  

	3.	REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF THE COMPANY. 

 The Company represents and warrants to each of the Buyers that: 
 (a)
Organization and Qualification. Each of the Company and each of its Subsidiaries are entities duly organized and validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction in which they are formed, and have the requisite power
and authorization to own their properties and to carry on their business as now being conducted and as presently proposed to be conducted. Each of the Company and each of its Subsidiaries is duly qualified as a foreign entity to do business and is
in good standing in every jurisdiction in which its ownership of property or the nature of the business conducted by it makes such qualification necessary, except to the extent that the failure to be so qualified or be in good standing would not
have a Material Adverse Effect. As used in this Agreement, “Material Adverse Effect” means any material adverse effect on (i) the business, properties, assets, liabilities, operations (including results thereof), condition
(financial or otherwise) or prospects of the Company or any Subsidiary, either individually or taken as a whole, (ii) the transactions contemplated hereby or in any of the other Transaction Documents or (iii) the authority or ability of
the Company to perform any of its obligations under any of the Transaction Documents. Other than the Persons (as defined below) set forth on Schedule 3(a), the Company has no Subsidiaries. “Subsidiaries” means any Person in which
the Company, directly or indirectly, (I) owns any of the outstanding capital stock or holds any equity or similar interest of such Person or (II) controls or operates all or any part of the business, operations or administration of such Person,
and each of the foregoing, is individually referred to herein as a “Subsidiary.” 
 (b) Authorization;
Enforcement; Validity. The Company has the requisite power and authority to enter into and perform its obligations under this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents and to issue the Securities in accordance with the terms hereof and
thereof. The execution and delivery of this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents by the Company and the consummation by the Company of the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby (including, without limitation, the issuance of the
Common Shares, the issuance of the Subscription Units and the reservation for issuance and issuance of the Unit Shares issuable upon exercise of the Subscription Units) have been duly authorized by the Company’s board of directors and (other
than the filing with the SEC of the prospectus supplement required by the Registration Statement pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the 1933 Act (the “Prospectus Supplement”) supplementing the base prospectus forming part of the
Registration Statement 







 
(the “Prospectus”) and any other filings as may be required by any state securities agencies) no further filing, consent or authorization is required by the Company, its board of
directors or its stockholders or other governing body. This Agreement has been, and the other Transaction Documents will be prior to the Closing, duly executed and delivered by the Company, and each constitutes the legal, valid and binding
obligations of the Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance with its respective terms, except as such enforceability may be limited by general principles of equity or applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium,
liquidation or similar laws relating to, or affecting generally, the enforcement of applicable creditors’ rights and remedies and except as rights to indemnification and to contribution may be limited by federal or state securities law.
“Transaction Documents” means, collectively, this Agreement, the Subscription Units, the Irrevocable Transfer Agent Instructions (as defined below) and each of the other agreements and instruments entered into or delivered by any of
the parties hereto in connection with the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby, as may be amended from time to time. 

(c) Issuance of Securities; Registration Statement. The issuance of the Common Shares and the Subscription Units are duly
authorized and, upon issuance in accordance with the terms of the Transaction Documents, will be validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable and free from all preemptive or similar rights, taxes, liens, charges and other encumbrances with respect
to the issue thereof. As of the Closing, the Company shall have reserved from its duly authorized capital stock the maximum number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the Subscription Units (without taking into account any
limitations on the exercise of the Subscription Units set forth therein). The issuance of the Unit Shares is duly authorized, and upon exercise in accordance with the Subscription Units, the Unit Shares, when issued, will be validly issued, fully
paid and non-assessable and free from all preemptive or similar rights, taxes, liens, charges and other encumbrances with respect to the issue thereof, with the holders being entitled to all rights accorded to a holder of Common Stock. The issuance
by the Company of the Securities has been registered under the 1933 Act, the Securities are being issued pursuant to the Registration Statement and all of the Securities are freely transferable and freely tradable by each of the Buyers without
restriction. The Registration Statement is effective and available for the issuance of the Securities thereunder and the Company has not received any notice that the SEC has issued or intends to issue a stop-order with respect to the Registration
Statement or that the SEC otherwise has suspended or withdrawn the effectiveness of the Registration Statement, either temporarily or permanently, or intends or has threatened in writing to do so. The “Plan of Distribution” section under
the Registration Statement permits the issuance and sale of the Securities hereunder and as contemplated by the other Transaction Documents. Upon receipt of the Securities, each of the Buyers will have good and marketable title to the Securities.
The Registration Statement and any prospectus included therein, including the Prospectus and the Prospectus Supplement, complied in all material respects with the requirements of the 1933 Act and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the
“1934 Act”) and the rules and regulations of the SEC promulgated thereunder and all other applicable laws and regulations. At the time the Registration Statement and any amendments thereto became effective, at the date of this
Agreement and at each deemed effective date thereof pursuant to Rule 430B(f)(2) of the 1933 Act, the Registration Statement and any amendments thereto complied and will comply in all material respects with the requirements of the 1933 Act and did
not and will not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading. The Prospectus and any amendments








 
or supplements thereto (including, without limitation the Prospectus Supplement), at the time the Prospectus or any amendment or supplement thereto was issued and at the Closing Date, complied,
and will comply, in all material respects with the requirements of the 1933 Act and did not, and will not, contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in light
of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. The Company meets all of the requirements for the use of Form S-3 under the 1933 Act for the offering and sale of the Securities contemplated by this Agreement and the other
Transaction Documents, and the SEC has not notified the Company of any objection to the use of the form of the Registration Statement pursuant to Rule 401(g)(1) under the 1933 Act. The Registration Statement meets the requirements set forth in Rule
415(a)(1)(x) under the 1933 Act. At the earliest time after the filing of the Registration Statement that the Company or another offering participant made a bona fide offer (within the meaning of Rule 164(h)(2) under the 1933 Act) relating to any of
the Securities, the Company was not and is not an “Ineligible Issuer” (as defined in Rule 405 under the 1933 Act). The Company (i) has not distributed any offering material in connection with the offer or sale of any of the Securities
and (ii) until no Buyer holds any of the Securities, shall not distribute any offering material in connection with the offer or sale of any of the Securities to, or by, any of the Buyers (if required), in each case, other than the Registration
Statement, the Prospectus or the Prospectus Supplement. 
 (d) No Conflicts. The execution, delivery and performance of
the Transaction Documents by the Company and the consummation by the Company of the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby (including, without limitation, the issuance of the Common Shares, the Subscription Units and Unit Shares and the
reservation for issuance of the Unit Shares) will not (i) result in a violation of the Certificate of Incorporation (as defined below) (including, without limitation, any certificates of designation contained therein) or other organizational
documents of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, any capital stock of the Company, or Bylaws (as defined below), (ii) conflict with, or constitute a default (or an event which with notice or lapse of time or both would become a default)
under, or give to others any rights of termination, amendment, acceleration or cancellation of, any agreement, indenture or instrument to which the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is a party or (iii) result in a violation of any law, rule,
regulation, order, judgment or decree (including, without limitation, federal and state securities laws and regulations and the rules and regulations of the Nasdaq Global Market (the “Principal Market”)) applicable to the Company or
any of its Subsidiaries or by which any property or asset of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is bound or affected, except, in the case of clause (ii) or (iii) above, to the extent such violations that could not reasonably be
expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. 
 (e) Consents. The Company is not required to obtain any consent from,
authorization or order of, or make any filing or registration with (other than the filing with the SEC of the Prospectus Supplement and any other filings as may be required by any state securities agencies), any court, governmental agency or any
regulatory or self-regulatory agency or any other Person in order for it to execute, deliver or perform any of its obligations under, or contemplated by, the Transaction Documents, in each case, in accordance with the terms hereof or thereof. All
consents, authorizations, orders, filings and registrations which the Company is required to obtain at or prior to the Closing have been obtained or effected on or prior to the Closing Date, and neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries are
aware of any facts or 







 
circumstances which might prevent the Company from obtaining or effecting any of the registration, application or filings contemplated by the Transaction Documents. The Company is not in
violation of the requirements of the Principal Market and has no knowledge of any facts or circumstances which could reasonably lead to delisting or suspension of the Common Stock in the foreseeable future. 

(f) Acknowledgment Regarding Buyer’s Purchase of Securities. The Company acknowledges and agrees that each Buyer is acting
solely in the capacity of an arm’s length purchaser with respect to the Transaction Documents and the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby and that no Buyer is (i) an officer or director of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries,
(ii) an “affiliate” (as defined in Rule 144 promulgated under the 1933 Act (or a successor rule thereto) (collectively, “Rule 144”)) of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or (iii) to its knowledge, a
“beneficial owner” of more than 10% of the shares of Common Stock (as defined for purposes of Rule 13d-3 of the 1934 Act). The Company further acknowledges that no Buyer is acting as a financial advisor or fiduciary of the Company or any
of its Subsidiaries (or in any similar capacity) with respect to the Transaction Documents and the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby, and any advice given by a Buyer or any of its representatives or agents in connection with the
Transaction Documents and the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby is merely incidental to such Buyer’s purchase of the Securities. The Company further represents to each Buyer that the Company’s decision to enter into the
Transaction Documents has been based solely on the independent evaluation by the Company and its representatives. 
 (g)
Placement Agent’s Fees. The Company shall be responsible for the payment of any placement agent’s fees, financial advisory fees, or brokers’ commissions (other than for Persons engaged by any Buyer or its investment advisor)
relating to or arising out of the transactions contemplated hereby. Other than LifeTech Capital, a Division of Aurora Capital, LLC (the “Placement Agent”), neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has engaged any placement
agent or other agent in connection with the offer or sale of the Securities. 
 (h) No Integrated Offering. None of the
Company, its Subsidiaries or any of their affiliates, nor any Person acting on their behalf has, directly or indirectly, made any offers or sales of any security or solicited any offers to buy any security, under circumstances that would cause this
offering of the Securities to require approval of stockholders of the Company under any applicable stockholder approval provisions, including, without limitation, under the rules and regulations of any exchange or automated quotation system on which
any of the securities of the Company are listed or designated for quotation. None of the Company, its Subsidiaries, their affiliates nor any Person acting on their behalf will take any action or steps that would cause the offering of any of the
Securities to be integrated with other offerings of securities of the Company. 
 (i) Dilutive Effect. The Company
understands and acknowledges that the number of Unit Shares will increase in certain circumstances. The Company further acknowledges that its obligation to issue the Unit Shares upon exercise of the Subscription Units in accordance with this
Agreement and the Subscription Units is absolute and unconditional, regardless of the dilutive effect that such issuance may have on the ownership interests of other stockholders of the Company. 







  
 (j) Application of
Takeover Protections; Rights Agreement. The Company and its board of directors have taken all necessary action, if any, in order to render inapplicable any control share acquisition, interested stockholder, business combination, poison pill
(including, without limitation, any distribution under a rights agreement) or other similar anti-takeover provision under the Certificate of Incorporation, Bylaws or other organizational documents or the laws of the jurisdiction of its incorporation
or otherwise which is or could become applicable to any Buyer as a result of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, including, without limitation, the Company’s issuance of the Securities and any Buyer’s ownership of the
Securities. The Company and its board of directors have taken all necessary action, if any, in order to render inapplicable any stockholder rights plan or similar arrangement relating to accumulations of beneficial ownership of shares of Common
Stock or a change in control of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries. 
 (k) SEC Documents; Financial Statements.
During the two (2) years prior to the date hereof, the Company has timely filed all reports, schedules, forms, statements and other documents required to be filed by it with the SEC pursuant to the reporting requirements of the 1934 Act (all of
the foregoing filed prior to the date hereof and all exhibits included therein and financial statements, notes and schedules thereto and documents incorporated by reference therein being hereinafter referred to as the “SEC
Documents”). The Company has made available to the Buyers or their respective representatives true, correct and complete copies of each of the SEC Documents not available on the EDGAR system. As of their respective dates, the SEC Documents
complied in all material respects with the requirements of the 1934 Act and the rules and regulations of the SEC promulgated thereunder applicable to the SEC Documents, and none of the SEC Documents, at the time they were filed with the SEC,
contained any untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading.
As of their respective dates, the financial statements of the Company included in the SEC Documents complied as to form in all material respects with applicable accounting requirements and the published rules and regulations of the SEC with respect
thereto as in effect as of the time of filing. Such financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, consistently applied, during the periods involved (except (i) as may be otherwise indicated
in such financial statements or the notes thereto, or (ii) in the case of unaudited interim statements, to the extent they may exclude footnotes or may be condensed or summary statements) and fairly present in all material respects the
financial position of the Company as of the dates thereof and the results of its operations and cash flows for the periods then ended (subject, in the case of unaudited statements, to normal year-end audit adjustments which will not be material,
either individually or in the aggregate). No other information provided by or on behalf of the Company to any of the Buyers which is not included in the SEC Documents contains any untrue statement of a material fact or omits to state any material
fact necessary in order to make the statements therein not misleading, in the light of the circumstance under which they are or were made. 
 (l) Absence of Certain Changes. Since the date of the Company’s most recent audited financial statements contained in a Form 10-K, except as disclosed in the SEC Documents filed subsequent to
such Form 10-K, there has been no material adverse change and no material adverse development in the business, assets, liabilities, properties, operations (including results thereof), condition (financial or otherwise) or prospects of the Company or
any 







 
of its Subsidiaries. Since the date of the Company’s most recent audited financial statements contained in a Form 10-K, neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has (i) declared
or paid any dividends, (ii) sold any assets, individually or in the aggregate, outside of the ordinary course of business or (iii) made any material capital expenditures, individually or in the aggregate. Neither the Company nor any of its
Subsidiaries has taken any steps to seek protection pursuant to any law or statute relating to bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, receivership, liquidation or winding up, nor does the Company or any Subsidiary have any knowledge or reason to
believe that any of their respective creditors intend to initiate involuntary bankruptcy proceedings or any actual knowledge of any fact which would reasonably lead a creditor to do so. The Company and its Subsidiaries, individually and on a
consolidated basis, are not as of the date hereof, and after giving effect to the transactions contemplated hereby to occur at the Closing will not be, Insolvent (as defined below). For purposes of this Section 3(l),
“Insolvent” means, (I) with respect to the Company and its Subsidiaries, on a consolidated basis, (i) the present fair saleable value of the Company’s and its Subsidiaries’ assets is less than the amount required
to pay the Company’s and its Subsidiaries’ total Indebtedness (as defined below), (ii) the Company and its Subsidiaries are unable to pay their debts and liabilities, subordinated, contingent or otherwise, as such debts and
liabilities become absolute and matured or (iii) the Company and its Subsidiaries intend to incur or believe that they will incur debts that would be beyond their ability to pay as such debts mature; and (II) with respect to the Company and
each Subsidiary, individually, (i) the present fair saleable value of the Company’s or such Subsidiary’s (as the case may be) assets is less than the amount required to pay its respective total Indebtedness, (ii) the Company or
such Subsidiary (as the case may be) is unable to pay its respective debts and liabilities, subordinated, contingent or otherwise, as such debts and liabilities become absolute and matured or (iii) the Company or such Subsidiary (as the case
may be) intends to incur or believes that it will incur debts that would be beyond its respective ability to pay as such debts mature. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has engaged in any business or in any transaction, and is not
about to engage in any business or in any transaction, for which the Company’s or such Subsidiary’s remaining assets constitute unreasonably small capital. 
 (m) No Undisclosed Events, Liabilities, Developments or Circumstances. No event, liability, development or circumstance has occurred or exists, or is reasonably expected to exist or occur with
respect to the Company, any of its Subsidiaries or any of their respective businesses, properties, liabilities, prospects, operations (including results thereof) or condition (financial or otherwise) that (i) would be required to be disclosed
by the Company under applicable securities laws on a registration statement on Form S-1 filed with the SEC relating to an issuance and sale by the Company of its Common Stock and which has not been publicly announced, (ii) could have a material
adverse effect on any Buyer’s investment hereunder or (iii) could have a Material Adverse Effect. 
 (n) Conduct of
Business; Regulatory Permits. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries is in violation of any term of or in default under its Certificate of Incorporation, any certificate of designation, preferences or rights of any other outstanding
series of preferred stock of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or Bylaws or their organizational charter, certificate of formation or certificate of incorporation or bylaws, respectively. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries is in
violation of any judgment, decree or order or any statute, ordinance, rule or regulation applicable to the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, and neither the Company nor 







 
any of its Subsidiaries will conduct its business in violation of any of the foregoing, except in all cases for possible violations which could not, individually or in the aggregate, have a
Material Adverse Effect. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Company is not in violation of any of the rules, regulations or requirements of the Principal Market and has no knowledge of any facts or circumstances that could
reasonably lead to delisting or suspension of the Common Stock by the Principal Market in the foreseeable future. Since January 1, 2008, (i) the Common Stock has been listed or designated for quotation on the Principal Market,
(ii) trading in the Common Stock has not been suspended by the SEC or the Principal Market and (iii) except as disclosed in the SEC Reports, the Company has received no communication, written or oral, from the SEC or the Principal Market
regarding the suspension or delisting of the Common Stock from the Principal Market. The Company and each of its Subsidiaries possess all certificates, authorizations and permits issued by the appropriate regulatory authorities necessary to conduct
their respective businesses, except where the failure to possess such certificates, authorizations or permits would not have, individually or in the aggregate, a Material Adverse Effect, and neither the Company nor any such Subsidiary has received
any notice of proceedings relating to the revocation or modification of any such certificate, authorization or permit. 
 (o)
Foreign Corrupt Practices. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries nor any director, officer, agent, employee or other Person acting on behalf of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries has, in the course of its actions for, or on
behalf of, the Company or any of its Subsidiaries (i) used any corporate funds for any unlawful contribution, gift, entertainment or other unlawful expenses relating to political activity; (ii) made any direct or indirect unlawful payment
to any foreign or domestic government official or employee from corporate funds; (iii) violated or is in violation of any provision of the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended; or (iv) made any unlawful bribe, rebate,
payoff, influence payment, kickback or other unlawful payment to any foreign or domestic government official or employee. 
 (p)
Sarbanes-Oxley Act. The Company and each Subsidiary is in compliance with all applicable requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 that are effective as of the date hereof, and all applicable rules and regulations promulgated by the SEC
thereunder that are effective as of the date hereof. 
 (q) Transactions With Affiliates. Other than the grant of stock
options disclosed in the SEC Documents, none of the officers, directors or employees of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is presently a party to any transaction with the Company or any of its Subsidiaries (other than for ordinary course
services as employees, officers or directors), including any contract, agreement or other arrangement providing for the furnishing of services to or by, providing for rental of real or personal property to or from, or otherwise requiring payments to
or from any such officer, director or employee or, to the knowledge of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, any corporation, partnership, trust or other Person in which any such officer, director or employee has a substantial interest or is an
employee, officer, director, trustee or partner. 
 (r) Equity Capitalization. As of the date hereof, the authorized
capital stock of the Company consists of (i) 90,000000 shares of Common Stock, of which, 23,592,755 are issued and outstanding and 6,894,540 shares are reserved for issuance pursuant to securities (other than the Subscription Units) exercisable
or exchangeable for, or convertible into, shares of Common 







 
Stock and (ii) 100,000 shares of preferred stock, of which none are issued and outstanding. No shares of Common Stock are held in treasury. All of such outstanding shares are duly authorized
and have been, or upon issuance will be, validly issued and are fully paid and non-assessable. 2,972,797 shares of the Company’s issued and outstanding Common Stock on the date hereof are owned by Persons who are “affiliates” (as
defined in Rule 405 of the 1933 Act and calculated based on the assumption that only officers, directors and holders of at least 10% of the Company’s issued and outstanding Common Stock are “affiliates” without conceding that any such
Persons are “affiliates” for purposes of federal securities laws) of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries. To the Company’s knowledge, and except for Novartis Bioventures, Ltd., no Person owns 10% or more of the Company’s
issued and outstanding shares of Common Stock (calculated based on the assumption that all Convertible Securities (as defined below), whether or not presently exercisable or convertible, have been fully exercised or converted (as the case
may be) taking account of any limitations on exercise or conversion (including “blockers”) contained therein without conceding that such identified Person is a 10% stockholder for purposes of federal securities laws). (i) None of the
Company’s or any Subsidiary’s capital stock is subject to preemptive rights or any other similar rights or any liens or encumbrances suffered or permitted by the Company or any Subsidiary; (ii) there are no outstanding options,
warrants, scrip, rights to subscribe to, calls or commitments of any character whatsoever relating to, or securities or rights convertible into, or exercisable or exchangeable for, any capital stock of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, or
contracts, commitments, understandings or arrangements by which the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is or may become bound to issue additional capital stock of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or options, warrants, scrip, rights to
subscribe to, calls or commitments of any character whatsoever relating to, or securities or rights convertible into, or exercisable or exchangeable for, any capital stock of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries; (iii) there are no
outstanding debt securities, notes, credit agreements, credit facilities or other agreements, documents or instruments evidencing Indebtedness of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or by which the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is or may
become bound; (iv) there are no financing statements securing obligations in any amounts filed in connection with the Company or any of its Subsidiaries; (v) except as set forth on Schedule 3(r)(v) attached hereto, there are no
agreements or arrangements under which the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is obligated to register the sale of any of their securities under the 1933 Act (except pursuant to this Agreement); (vi) there are no outstanding securities or
instruments of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries which contain any redemption or similar provisions, and there are no contracts, commitments, understandings or arrangements by which the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is or may become bound
to redeem a security of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries; (vii) except as set forth on Schedule 3(r)(vii) attached hereto, there are no securities or instruments containing anti-dilution or similar provisions that will be triggered
by the issuance of the Securities; (viii) neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has any stock appreciation rights or “phantom stock” plans or agreements or any similar plan or agreement; and (ix) neither the Company nor any of
its Subsidiaries have any liabilities or obligations required to be disclosed in the SEC Documents which are not so disclosed in the SEC Documents, other than those incurred in the ordinary course of the Company’s or its Subsidiaries’
respective businesses and which, individually or in the aggregate, do not or could not have a Material Adverse Effect. The Company has furnished to the Buyers true, correct and complete copies of the Company’s Certificate of Incorporation, as
amended and as in effect on the date hereof (the “Certificate of Incorporation”), and the Company’s bylaws, as amended 







 
and as in effect on the date hereof (the “Bylaws”), and the terms of all securities convertible into, or exercisable or exchangeable for, shares of Common Stock and the material
rights of the holders thereof in respect thereto. 
 (s) Indebtedness and Other Contracts. Neither the Company nor any of
its Subsidiaries (i) has any outstanding Indebtedness (as defined below), (ii) is a party to any contract, agreement or instrument, the violation of which, or default under which, by the other party(ies) to such contract, agreement or
instrument could reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect, (iii) is in violation of any term of, or in default under, any contract, agreement or instrument relating to any Indebtedness, except where such violations and
defaults would not result, individually or in the aggregate, in a Material Adverse Effect, or (iv) is a party to any contract, agreement or instrument relating to any Indebtedness, the performance of which, in the judgment of the Company’s
officers, has or is expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. For purposes of this Agreement: (x) “Indebtedness” of any Person means, without duplication (A) all indebtedness for borrowed money, (B) all obligations
issued, undertaken or assumed as the deferred purchase price of property or services (including, without limitation, “capital leases” in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles) (other than trade payables entered into in
the ordinary course of business), (C) all reimbursement or payment obligations with respect to letters of credit, surety bonds and other similar instruments, (D) all obligations evidenced by notes, bonds, debentures or similar instruments,
including obligations so evidenced incurred in connection with the acquisition of property, assets or businesses, (E) all indebtedness created or arising under any conditional sale or other title retention agreement, or incurred as financing,
in either case with respect to any property or assets acquired with the proceeds of such indebtedness (even though the rights and remedies of the seller or bank under such agreement in the event of default are limited to repossession or sale of such
property), (F) all monetary obligations under any leasing or similar arrangement which, in connection with generally accepted accounting principles, consistently applied for the periods covered thereby, is classified as a capital lease,
(G) all indebtedness referred to in clauses (A) through (F) above secured by (or for which the holder of such Indebtedness has an existing right, contingent or otherwise, to be secured by) any mortgage, claim, lien, tax, right of
first refusal, pledge, charge, security interest or other encumbrance upon or in any property or assets (including accounts and contract rights) owned by any Person, even though the Person which owns such assets or property has not assumed or become
liable for the payment of such indebtedness, and (H) all Contingent Obligations in respect of indebtedness or obligations of others of the kinds referred to in clauses (A) through (G) above; (y) “Contingent
Obligation” means, as to any Person, any direct or indirect liability, contingent or otherwise, of that Person with respect to any indebtedness, lease, dividend or other obligation of another Person if the primary purpose or intent of the
Person incurring such liability, or the primary effect thereof, is to provide assurance to the obligee of such liability that such liability will be paid or discharged, or that any agreements relating thereto will be complied with, or that the
holders of such liability will be protected (in whole or in part) against loss with respect thereto; and (z) “Person” means an individual, a limited liability company, a partnership, a joint venture, a corporation, a trust, an
unincorporated organization, any other entity and a government or any department or agency thereof. 
 (t) Absence of
Litigation. There is no action, suit, proceeding, inquiry or investigation before or by the Principal Market, any court, public board, government agency, self-regulatory organization or body pending or, to the knowledge of the Company,
threatened 







 
against or affecting the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, the Common Stock or any of the Company’s or its Subsidiaries’ officers or directors which is outside of the ordinary course
of business or individually or in the aggregate material to the Company or any of its Subsidiaries. There has not been, and to the knowledge of the Company, there is not pending or contemplated, any investigation by the SEC involving the Company,
any of its Subsidiaries or any current or former director or officer of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries. The SEC has not issued any stop order or other order suspending the effectiveness of any registration statement filed by the Company
under the 1933 Act or the 1934 Act, including, without limitation, the Registration Statement. 
 (u) Insurance. The
Company and each of its Subsidiaries are insured by insurers of recognized financial responsibility against such losses and risks and in such amounts as management of the Company believes to be prudent and customary in the businesses in which the
Company and its Subsidiaries are engaged. Neither the Company nor any such Subsidiary has been refused any insurance coverage sought or applied for, and neither the Company nor any such Subsidiary has any reason to believe that it will be unable to
renew its existing insurance coverage as and when such coverage expires or to obtain similar coverage from similar insurers as may be necessary to continue its business at a cost that would not have a Material Adverse Effect. 

(v) Employee Relations. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries is a party to any collective bargaining agreement or
employs any member of a union. The Company believes that its and its Subsidiaries’ relations with their respective employees are good. No executive officer (as defined in Rule 501(f) promulgated under the 1933 Act) or other key employee of the
Company or any of its Subsidiaries has notified the Company or any such Subsidiary that such officer intends to leave the Company or any such Subsidiary or otherwise terminate such officer’s employment with the Company or any such Subsidiary.
No executive officer or other key employee of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is, or is now expected to be, in violation of any material term of any employment contract, confidentiality, disclosure or proprietary information agreement,
non-competition agreement, or any other contract or agreement or any restrictive covenant, and the continued employment of each such executive officer or other key employee (as the case may be) does not subject the Company or any of its Subsidiaries
to any liability with respect to any of the foregoing matters. The Company and its Subsidiaries are in compliance with all federal, state, local and foreign laws and regulations respecting labor, employment and employment practices and benefits,
terms and conditions of employment and wages and hours, except where failure to be in compliance would not, either individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect. 

(w) Title. The Company and its Subsidiaries have good and marketable title in fee simple to all real property, and have good and
marketable title to all personal property, owned by them which is material to the business of the Company and its Subsidiaries, in each case, free and clear of all liens, encumbrances and defects except such as do not materially affect the value of
such property and do not interfere with the use made and proposed to be made of such property by the Company and any of its Subsidiaries. Any real property and facilities held under lease by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries are held by them
under valid, subsisting and enforceable leases with such exceptions as are not material and do not interfere with the use made and proposed to be made of such property and buildings by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries. 







  
 (x) Intellectual
Property Rights. The Company and its Subsidiaries own or possess adequate rights or licenses to use all trademarks, trade names, service marks, service mark registrations, service names, patents, patent rights, copyrights, original works,
inventions, licenses, approvals, governmental authorizations, trade secrets and other intellectual property rights and all applications and registrations therefor (“Intellectual Property Rights”) necessary to conduct their
respective businesses as now conducted and as presently proposed to be conducted. None of the Company’s or its Subsidiaries’ Intellectual Property Rights have expired, terminated or been abandoned, or are expected to expire, terminate or
be abandoned, within three years from the date of this Agreement. Except as set forth on Schedule 3(x), the Company has no knowledge of any infringement by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries of Intellectual Property Rights of others.
Except as set forth on Schedule 3(x), there is no claim, action or proceeding being made or brought, or to the knowledge of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, being threatened, against the Company or any of its Subsidiaries regarding
their Intellectual Property Rights. The Company is not aware of any facts or circumstances which might give rise to any of the foregoing infringements or claims, actions or proceedings. The Company and each of its Subsidiaries have taken reasonable
security measures to protect the secrecy, confidentiality and value of all of their Intellectual Property Rights. 
 (y)
Environmental Laws. The Company and its Subsidiaries (i) are in compliance with all Environmental Laws (as defined below), (ii) have received all permits, licenses or other approvals required of them under applicable Environmental
Laws to conduct their respective businesses and (iii) are in compliance with all terms and conditions of any such permit, license or approval where, in each of the foregoing clauses (i), (ii) and (iii), the failure to so comply could be
reasonably expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Material Adverse Effect. “Environmental Laws” means all federal, state, local or foreign laws relating to pollution or protection of human health or the environment
(including, without limitation, ambient air, surface water, groundwater, land surface or subsurface strata), including, without limitation, laws relating to emissions, discharges, releases or threatened releases of chemicals, pollutants,
contaminants, or toxic or hazardous substances or wastes (collectively, “Hazardous Materials”) into the environment, or otherwise relating to the manufacture, processing, distribution, use, treatment, storage, disposal, transport or
handling of Hazardous Materials, as well as all authorizations, codes, decrees, demands or demand letters, injunctions, judgments, licenses, notices or notice letters, orders, permits, plans or regulations issued, entered, promulgated or approved
thereunder. 
 (z) Subsidiary Rights. The Company or one of its Subsidiaries has the unrestricted right to vote, and
(subject to limitations imposed by applicable law) to receive dividends and distributions on, all capital securities of its Subsidiaries as owned by the Company or such Subsidiary. 

(aa) Tax Status. The Company and each of its Subsidiaries (i) has timely made or filed all foreign, federal and state income
and all other tax returns, reports and declarations required by any jurisdiction to which it is subject, (ii) has timely paid all taxes and other governmental assessments and charges that are material in amount, shown or determined to be due on
such 







 
returns, reports and declarations, except those being contested in good faith and (iii) has set aside on its books provision reasonably adequate for the payment of all taxes for periods
subsequent to the periods to which such returns, reports or declarations apply. There are no unpaid taxes in any material amount claimed to be due by the taxing authority of any jurisdiction, and the officers of the Company and its Subsidiaries know
of no basis for any such claim. The Company is not operated in such a manner as to qualify as a passive foreign investment company, as defined in Section 1297 of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. 

(bb) Internal Accounting and Disclosure Controls. The Company and each of its Subsidiaries maintains internal control over
financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the 1934 Act) that is effective to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes
in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, including that (i) transactions are executed in accordance with management’s general or specific authorizations, (ii) transactions are recorded as necessary to permit
preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles and to maintain asset and liability accountability, (iii) access to assets or incurrence of liabilities is permitted only in accordance with
management’s general or specific authorization and (iv) the recorded accountability for assets and liabilities is compared with the existing assets and liabilities at reasonable intervals and appropriate action is taken with respect to any
difference. The Company maintains disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the 1934 Act) that are effective in ensuring that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports that it files
or submits under the 1934 Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the SEC, including, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required
to be disclosed by the Company in the reports that it files or submits under the 1934 Act is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including its principal executive officer or officers and its principal financial officer or
officers, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has received any notice or correspondence from any accountant or other Person relating to any potential material
weakness or significant deficiency in any part of the internal controls over financial reporting of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries. 
 (cc) Off Balance Sheet Arrangements. There is no transaction, arrangement, or other relationship between the Company or any of its Subsidiaries and an unconsolidated or other off balance sheet
entity that is required to be disclosed by the Company in its 1934 Act filings and is not so disclosed or that otherwise could be reasonably likely to have a Material Adverse Effect. 

(dd) Investment Company Status. The Company is not, and upon consummation of the sale of the Securities will not be, an
“investment company,” an affiliate of an “investment company,” a company controlled by an “investment company” or an “affiliated person” of, or “promoter” or “principal underwriter” for, an
“investment company” as such terms are defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended. 
 (ee)
Acknowledgement Regarding Buyers’ Trading Activity. It is understood and acknowledged by the Company that (i) following the public disclosure of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents, in accordance with the
terms thereof, none of the 







 
Buyers have been asked by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries to agree, nor has any Buyer agreed with the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, to desist from effecting any transactions in or
with respect to (including, without limitation, purchasing or selling, long and/or short) any securities of the Company, or “derivative” securities based on securities issued by the Company or to hold the Securities for any specified term;
(ii) any Buyer, and counterparties in “derivative” transactions to which any such Buyer is a party, directly or indirectly, presently may have a “short” position in the Common Stock which was established prior to such
Buyer’s knowledge of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents; and (iii) each Buyer shall not be deemed to have any affiliation with or control over any arm’s length counterparty in any “derivative”
transaction. The Company further understands and acknowledges that following the public disclosure of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents pursuant to the Press Release (as defined below) one or more Buyers may engage in
hedging and/or trading activities at various times during the period that the Securities are outstanding, including, without limitation, during the periods that the value and/or number of the Unit Shares deliverable with respect to the Securities
are being determined and (b) such hedging and/or trading activities, if any, can reduce the value of the existing stockholders’ equity interest in the Company both at and after the time the hedging and/or trading activities are being
conducted. The Company acknowledges that such aforementioned hedging and/or trading activities do not constitute a breach of this Agreement or any other Transaction Document or any of the documents executed in connection herewith or therewith.

 (ff) Manipulation of Price. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has, and, to the knowledge of the Company,
no Person acting on their behalf has, directly or indirectly, (i) taken any action designed to cause or to result in the stabilization or manipulation of the price of any security of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries to facilitate the sale
or resale of any of the Securities, (ii) sold, bid for, purchased, or paid any compensation for soliciting purchases of, any of the Securities (other than the Placement Agent), or (iii) paid or agreed to pay to any Person any compensation
for soliciting another to purchase any other securities of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries. 
 (gg) U.S. Real Property
Holding Corporation. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries is, or has ever been, and so long as any of the Securities are held by any of the Buyers, shall become, a U.S. real property holding corporation within the meaning of
Section 897 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and the Company and each Subsidiary shall so certify upon any Buyer’s request. 
 (hh) Registration Eligibility. The Company is eligible to register the issuance and sale of the Securities to the Buyers using Form S-3 promulgated under the 1933 Act. 

(ii) Transfer Taxes. On the Closing Date, all stock transfer or other taxes (other than income or similar taxes) which are
required to be paid in connection with the issuance and sale of the Securities to be sold to each Buyer hereunder will be, or will have been, fully paid or provided for by the Company, and all laws imposing such taxes will be or will have been
complied with. 
 (jj) Bank Holding Company Act. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries is subject to the Bank
Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended (the “BHCA”) and to regulation 







 
by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the “Federal Reserve”). Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries or affiliates owns or controls, directly or
indirectly, five percent (5%) or more of the outstanding shares of any class of voting securities or twenty-five percent (25%) or more of the total equity of a bank or any equity that is subject to the BHCA and to regulation by the Federal
Reserve. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries or affiliates exercises a controlling influence over the management or policies of a bank or any entity that is subject to the BHCA and to regulation by the Federal Reserve. 

(kk) Shell Company Status. The Company is not, and has never been, an issuer identified in, or subject to, Rule 144(i).

 (ll) Potential Products; FDA; EMEA 

(i) Except as described in the SEC Documents, the Company possesses all certificates, authorizations and permits issued by
the appropriate federal, state or foreign regulatory authorities necessary to conduct its business as currently conducted, including without limitation all such certificates, authorizations and permits required by the United States Food and Drug
Administration (the “FDA”) or any other federal, state or foreign agencies or bodies engaged in the regulation of pharmaceuticals or biohazardous materials, except where the failure to so possess such certificates, authorizations
and permits, individually or in the aggregate, would not result in a Material Adverse Effect. Except as described in the SEC Documents, the Company has not received any notice of proceedings relating to the revocation or modification of any such
certificate, authorization or permit which, individually or in the aggregate, if the subject of an unfavorable decision, ruling or finding, would have a Material Adverse Effect. 

(ii) Except to the extent disclosed in the SEC Documents, the Company has not received any written notices or statements
from the FDA, the European Medicines Agency (the “EMEA”) or any other governmental agency, and otherwise has no knowledge or reason to believe, that (i) any drug candidate of the Company described in SEC Documents (each a
“Potential Product”) may or will be rejected or determined to be non-approvable; (ii) a delay in time for review and/or approval of a marketing authorization application or marketing approval application in any jurisdiction for
any Potential Product is or may be required, requested or being implemented; (iii) one or more clinical studies for any Potential Product shall or may be requested or required in addition to the clinical studies submitted to the FDA prior to
the date hereof as a precondition to or condition of issuance or maintenance of a marketing approval for any Potential Product; (iv) any license, approval, permit or authorization to conduct any clinical trial of or market any product or
potential product of the Company has been, will be or may be suspended, revoked, modified or limited, except in the cases of clauses (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv) where such rejections, determinations, delays, requests, suspensions,
revocations, modifications or limitations might not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Material Adverse Effect. 
 (iii) Except to the extent disclosed in the SEC Documents, to the Company’s knowledge, the preclinical and clinical testing, application for marketing approval of, manufacture, distribution,
promotion and sale of the products and Potential Products of 







 
the Company is in compliance, in all material respects, with all laws, rules and regulations applicable to such activities, including without limitation applicable good laboratory practices, good
clinical practices and good manufacturing practices, except for such non-compliance as would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect. The descriptions of the results of such tests and trials contained in the SEC
Documents are complete and accurate in all material respects such that there would be no untrue statement of a material fact or omission of a material fact necessary to make the statements in the SEC Documents, in light of the circumstances under
which they are made, not misleading. The Company is not aware of any studies, tests or trial the results of which reasonably call into question the results of the tests and trials conducted by or on behalf of the Company that are described or
referred to in the SEC Documents. Except to the extent disclosed in the SEC Documents, the Company has not received notice of adverse finding, warning letter or clinical hold notice from the FDA or any non-U.S. counterpart of any of the foregoing,
or any untitled letter or other correspondence or notice from the FDA or any other governmental authority or agency or any institutional or ethical review board alleging or asserting noncompliance with any law, rule or regulation applicable in any
jurisdiction, except notices, letters, and correspondences and non-U.S. counterparts thereof alleging or asserting such noncompliance as would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect. Except to the extent disclosed in
the SEC Documents, the Company has not, either voluntarily or involuntarily, initiated, conducted or issued, or caused to be initiated, conducted or issued, any recall, field correction, market withdrawal or replacement, safety alert, warning,
“dear doctor” letter, investigator notice, or other notice or action relating to an alleged or potential lack of safety or efficacy of any product or potential product of the Company, any alleged product defect of any product or potential
product of the Company, or any violation of any material applicable law, rule, regulation or any clinical trial or marketing license, approval, permit or authorization for any product or potential product of the Company, and the Company is not aware
of any facts or information that would cause it to initiate any such notice or action and has no knowledge or reason to believe that the FDA, the EMEA or any other governmental agency or authority or any institutional or ethical review board or
other non-governmental authority intends to impose, require, request or suggest such notice or action. 
 (mm) Illegal or
Unauthorized Payments; Political Contributions. Neither the Company or any of its Subsidiaries nor, to the best of the Company’s knowledge (after reasonable inquiry of its officers and directors), any of the officers, directors, employees,
agents or other representatives of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or any other business entity or enterprise with which the Company or any Subsidiary is or has been affiliated or associated, has, directly or indirectly, made or authorized
any payment, contribution or gift of money, property, or services, whether or not in contravention of applicable law, (a) as a kickback or bribe to any Person or (b) to any political organization, or the holder of or any aspirant to any
elective or appointive public office except for personal political contributions not involving the direct or indirect use of funds of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries. 
 (nn) Money Laundering. The Company and its Subsidiaries are in compliance with, and have not previously violated, the USA Patriot Act of 2001 and all other applicable U.S. and non-U.S. anti-money
laundering laws and regulations, including, but not limited to, the laws, 







 
regulations and Executive Orders and sanctions programs administered by the U.S. Office of Foreign Assets Control, including, but not limited, to (i) Executive Order 13224 of
September 23, 2001 entitled, “Blocking Property and Prohibiting Transactions With Persons Who Commit, Threaten to Commit, or Support Terrorism” (66 Fed. Reg. 49079 (2001)); and (ii) any regulations contained in 31 CFR, Subtitle
B, Chapter V. 
 (oo) Management. Except as set forth in Schedule 3(oo) hereto, during the past five year period,
no current officer or director of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries has been the subject of: 
 (i) a
petition under bankruptcy laws or any other insolvency or moratorium law or the appointment by a court of a receiver, fiscal agent or similar officer for such Person, or any partnership in which such person was a general partner at or within two
years before the filing of such petition or such appointment, or any corporation or business association of which such person was an executive officer at or within two years before the time of the filing of such petition or such appointment;

 (ii) a conviction in a criminal proceeding or a named subject of a pending criminal proceeding (excluding
traffic violations that do not relate to driving while intoxicated or driving under the influence); 
 (iii) any
order, judgment or decree, not subsequently reversed, suspended or vacated, of any court of competent jurisdiction, permanently or temporarily enjoining any such person from, or otherwise limiting, the following activities: 

(1) Acting as a futures commission merchant, introducing broker, commodity trading advisor, commodity pool operator, floor
broker, leverage transaction merchant, any other person regulated by the United States Commodity Futures Trading Commission or an associated person of any of the foregoing, or as an investment adviser, underwriter, broker or dealer in securities, or
as an affiliated person, director or employee of any investment company, bank, savings and loan association or insurance company, or engaging in or continuing any conduct or practice in connection with such activity; 

(2) Engaging in any type of business practice; or 

(3) Engaging in any activity in connection with the purchase or sale of any security or commodity or in connection with
any violation of securities laws or commodities laws; 
 (iv) any order, judgment or decree, not subsequently
reversed, suspended or vacated, of any authority barring, suspending or otherwise limiting for more than 60 days the right of any such person to engage in any activity described in the preceding sub paragraph, or to be associated with persons
engaged in any such activity; 
 (v) a finding by a court of competent jurisdiction in a civil action or by the
SEC or other authority to have violated any securities law, regulation or decree and the judgment in such civil action or finding by the SEC or any other authority has not been subsequently reversed, suspended or vacated; or 







  
 (vi) a
finding by a court of competent jurisdiction in a civil action or by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission to have violated any federal commodities law, and the judgment in such civil action or finding has not been subsequently reversed,
suspended or vacated. 
 (pp) No Additional Agreements. The Company does not have any agreement or understanding with any
Buyer with respect to the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents other than as specified in the Transaction Documents. 
 (qq) Registration Rights. No holder of securities of the Company has rights to the registration of any securities of the Company because of the filing of the Registration Statement or the issuance
of the Securities hereunder that could expose the Company to material liability or any Buyer to any liability or that could impair the Company’s ability to consummate the issuance and sale of the Securities in the manner, and at the times,
contemplated hereby, which rights have not been waived by the holder thereof as of the date hereof. 
 (rr) Public Utility
Holding Act. None of the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries is a “holding company,” or an “affiliate” of a “holding company,” as such terms are defined in the Public Utility Holding Act of 2005. 

(ss) Federal Power Act. None of the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries is subject to regulation as a “public utility”
under the Federal Power Act, as amended. 
 (tt) Disclosure. The Company confirms that neither it nor any other Person
acting on its behalf has provided any of the Buyers or their agents or counsel with any information that constitutes or could reasonably be expected to constitute material, non-public information concerning the Company or any of its Subsidiaries,
other than the existence of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents. The Company understands and confirms that each of the Buyers will rely on the foregoing representations in effecting transactions in
securities of the Company. All disclosure provided to the Buyers regarding the Company and its Subsidiaries, their businesses and the transactions contemplated hereby, including the schedules to this Agreement, furnished by or on behalf of the
Company or any of its Subsidiaries is true and correct and does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact necessary in order to make the statements made therein, in the light of the circumstances under
which they were made, not misleading. Each press release issued by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries during the twelve (12) months preceding the date of this Agreement did not at the time of release contain any untrue statement of a
material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they are made, not misleading. No event or circumstance has occurred or
information exists with respect to the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or its or their business, properties, liabilities, prospects, operations (including results thereof) or conditions (financial or otherwise), which, under applicable law, rule
or regulation, requires public disclosure at or before the date hereof or announcement by the Company but which has not been so publicly disclosed. The Company acknowledges and agrees that no Buyer makes or has made any representations or warranties
with respect to the transactions contemplated hereby other than those specifically set forth in Section 2. 







  

	4.	COVENANTS. 

 (a)
Maintenance of Registration Statement For so long as any of the Subscription Units remain outstanding, the Company shall use its best efforts to maintain the effectiveness of the Registration Statement for the issuance thereunder of the Unit
Shares, provided that if at any time while the Subscription Units are outstanding the Company shall be ineligible to utilize Form S-3 (or any successor form) for the purpose of issuance of the Unit Shares, the Company shall promptly amend the
Registration Statement on such other form as may be necessary to maintain the effectiveness of the Registration Statement for this purpose. If at any time following the date hereof the Registration Statement is not effective or is not otherwise
available for the issuance of the Securities or any prospectus contained therein is not available for use, the Company shall immediately notify the holders of the Securities in writing that the Registration Statement is not then effective or a
prospectus contained therein is not available for use and thereafter shall promptly notify such holders when the Registration Statement is effective again and available for the issuance of the Securities or such prospectus is again available for
use. 
 (b) Prospectus Supplement and Blue Sky. Immediately prior to execution of this Agreement, the Company shall have
delivered, and as soon as practicable after execution of this Agreement the Company shall file, the Prospectus Supplement with respect to the Securities as required under, and in conformity with, the 1933 Act, including Rule 424(b) thereunder. If
required, the Company, on or before the Closing Date, shall take such action as the Company shall reasonably determine is necessary in order to obtain an exemption for, or to, qualify the Securities for sale to the Buyers at the Closing pursuant to
this Agreement under applicable securities or “Blue Sky” laws of the states of the United States (or to obtain an exemption from such qualification), and shall provide evidence of any such action so taken to the Buyers on or prior to the
Closing Date. Without limiting any other obligation of the Company under this Agreement, the Company shall timely make all filings and reports relating to the offer and sale of the Securities required under all applicable securities laws (including,
without limitation, all applicable federal securities laws and all applicable “Blue Sky” laws), and the Company shall comply with all applicable federal, state and local laws, statutes, rules, regulations and the like relating to the
offering and sale of the Securities to the Buyers. 
 (c) Reporting Status. Until the date on which no Subscription Units
are outstanding (the “Reporting Period”), the Company shall timely file all reports required to be filed with the SEC pursuant to the 1934 Act (including any extensions under Rule 12b-25 under the 1934 Act), and the Company shall
not terminate its status as an issuer required to file reports under the 1934 Act even if the 1934 Act or the rules and regulations thereunder would no longer require or otherwise permit such termination. 

(d) Use of Proceeds. The Company shall use the proceeds from the sale of the Securities for general corporate purposes, including,
without limitation, expenses associated with the development of our recently acquired compound for Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP), pre-IND expenses associated with our pre-clinical programs in bladder and liver cancer, research and development
expenses associated with our RNAi drug discovery platform, corporate 







 
expenses related to our strategy to acquire key RNAi delivery technologies, capital expenditures and other working capital needs, and the payment of the fees and expenses described in
Section 4(g) below, and not for the (i) repayment of any outstanding Indebtedness of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or (ii) redemption or repurchase of any securities of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or (iii) the
settlement of any outstanding litigation. 
 (e) Financial Information. The Company agrees to send the following to each
Buyer during the Reporting Period (i) unless the following are filed with the SEC through EDGAR and are available to the public through the EDGAR system, within one (1) Business Day after the filing thereof with the SEC, a copy of its
Annual Reports on Form 10-K and Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, any interim reports or any consolidated balance sheets, income statements, stockholders’ equity statements and/or cash flow statements for any period other than annual, any Current
Reports on Form 8-K and any registration statements (other than on Form S-8) or amendments filed pursuant to the 1933 Act, (ii) on the same day as the release thereof, facsimile copies of all press releases issued by the Company or any of its
Subsidiaries and (iii) copies of any notices and other information made available or given to the stockholders of the Company generally, contemporaneously with the making available or giving thereof to the stockholders. 

(f) Listing. The Company shall promptly secure the listing or designation for quotation (as the case may be) of all of the Common
Shares and Unit Shares upon each national securities exchange and automated quotation system, if any, upon which the Common Stock is then listed or designated for quotation (as the case may be) (subject to official notice of issuance) (but in no
event later than the Closing Date) and shall maintain such listing or designation for quotation (as the case may be) of all the shares of Common Stock from time to time issuable under the terms of the Transaction Documents on such national
securities exchange or automated quotation system. The Company shall maintain the Common Stock’s listing or designation for quotation (as the case may be) on the Principal Market, The New York Stock Exchange, the NYSE Amex LLC, the Nasdaq
Capital Market or the Nasdaq Global Select Market (each, an “Eligible Market”). Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries shall take any action which could be reasonably expected to result in the delisting or suspension of the
Common Stock on an Eligible Market. The Company shall pay all fees and expenses in connection with satisfying its obligations under this Section 4(f). 
 (g) Fees. 
 (i) The Company shall reimburse
                    
(“                    ”) or its designee(s) for all costs and expenses incurred by it or its affiliates in connection with the
transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents (including, without limitation, all legal fees and disbursements in connection therewith, structuring, documentation and implementation of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction
Documents and due diligence and regulatory filings in connection therewith), which amount shall be withheld by                      from its Purchase
Price at the Closing or paid by the Company upon termination of this Agreement on demand by                      so long as such termination did not
occur as a result of a material breach by                      of any of its obligations hereunder (as the case may be), less $20,000 which was
previously advanced to                      by the Company. Subject to the limitation set forth in the immediately preceding sentence, if the amount
so withheld at 







 
Closing by                      was less than the aggregate amount of costs and expenses
actually incurred by it or its affiliates in connection with the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents, the Company shall promptly reimburse
                     on demand for all such costs and expenses not so reimbursed through such withholding at the Closing. 

(ii) The Company shall reimburse
                    .
(“                    ”) or its designee(s) for all costs and expenses incurred by it or its affiliates in connection with
the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents (including, without limitation, all legal fees and disbursements in connection therewith, structuring, documentation and implementation of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction
Documents and due diligence and regulatory filings in connection therewith) in a non-accountable amount equal to $7,500, which amount shall be withheld by
                     from its Purchase Price at the Closing or paid by the Company upon termination by
                     of its obligations under this Agreement on demand by
                     (as the case may be). 
 (iii) The Company shall be responsible for the payment of any placement agent’s fees, financial advisory fees, transfer agent fees, DTC (as defined below) fees or broker’s commissions (other
than for Persons engaged by any Buyer) relating to or arising out of the transactions contemplated hereby (including, without limitation, any fees payable to the Placement Agent, who is the Company’s sole placement agent in connection with the
transactions contemplated by this Agreement). The Company shall pay, and hold each Buyer harmless against, any liability, loss or expense (including, without limitation, reasonable attorneys’ fees and out-of-pocket expenses) arising in
connection with any claim relating to any such payment. Except as otherwise set forth in the Transaction Documents, each party to this Agreement shall bear its own expenses in connection with the sale of the Securities to the Buyers. 

(h) Pledge of Securities. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Agreement, the Company acknowledges and
agrees that the Securities may be pledged by a Buyer in connection with a bona fide margin agreement or other loan or financing arrangement that is secured by the Securities. The pledge of Securities shall not be deemed to be a transfer, sale or
assignment of the Securities hereunder, and no Buyer effecting a pledge of Securities shall be required to provide the Company with any notice thereof or otherwise make any delivery to the Company pursuant to this Agreement or any other Transaction
Document. The Company hereby agrees to execute and deliver such documentation as a pledgee of the Securities may reasonably request in connection with a pledge of the Securities to such pledgee by a Buyer. 

(i) Disclosure of Transactions and Other Material Information. The Company shall, on or before 9:30 a.m.
(but in no event prior to 9:15 a.m.), New York time, on the first (1st) Business Day after the date of this Agreement, issue a press release (the “Press Release”) reasonably acceptable to the Buyers disclosing all the material terms of the transactions
contemplated by the Transaction Documents. On or before 9:30 a.m. (but in no event prior to 9:15 a.m.), New York time, on the first (1st) Business Day after the date of this Agreement, the Company shall file a Current Report on Form 8-K describing
all the material terms of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents in the form required by the 1934 Act and attaching all the material Transaction Documents (including, without limitation, this








 
Agreement (and all schedules to this Agreement) and the form of Subscription Units) (including all attachments, the “8-K Filing”). From and after the issuance of the Press
Release, the Company shall have disclosed all material, non-public information (if any) delivered to any of the Buyers by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, or any of their respective officers, directors, employees or agents in connection with
the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents. The Company shall not, and the Company shall cause each of its Subsidiaries and each of its and their respective officers, directors, employees and agents, not to, provide any Buyer with
any material, non-public information regarding the Company or any of its Subsidiaries from and after the issuance of the Press Release without the express prior written consent of such Buyer. In the event of a breach of any of the foregoing
covenants by the Company, any of its Subsidiaries, or any of its or their respective officers, directors, employees and agents (as determined in the reasonable good faith judgment of such Buyer), in addition to any other remedy provided herein or in
the Transaction Documents, such Buyer shall have the right to make a public disclosure, in the form of a press release, public advertisement or otherwise, of such breach or such material, non-public information, as applicable, without the prior
approval by the Company, any of its Subsidiaries, or any of its or their respective officers, directors, employees or agents. No Buyer shall have any liability to the Company, any of its Subsidiaries, or any of its or their respective officers,
directors, employees, stockholders or agents, for any such disclosure. Subject to the foregoing, neither the Company, its Subsidiaries nor any Buyer shall issue any press releases or any other public statements with respect to the transactions
contemplated hereby; provided, however, the Company shall be entitled, without the prior approval of any Buyer, to make any press release or other public disclosure with respect to such transactions (i) in substantial conformity with the 8-K
Filing and contemporaneously therewith and (ii) as is required by applicable law and regulations (provided that in the case of clause (i) each Buyer shall be consulted by the Company in connection with any such press release or other
public disclosure prior to its release). Without the prior written consent of the applicable Buyer, the Company shall not (and shall cause each of its Subsidiaries and affiliates to not) disclose the name of such Buyer in any filing, announcement,
release or otherwise. Notwithstanding anything contained in this Agreement to the contrary and without implication that the contrary would otherwise be true, the Company expressly acknowledges and agrees that no Buyer has had, and no Buyer shall
have (unless expressly agreed to by a particular Buyer (it being understood and agreed that no Buyer may bind any other Buyer with respect hereto) after the date hereof in a written definitive and binding agreement executed by the Company and such
particular Buyer), any duty of confidentiality with respect to, or a duty not to trade on the basis of, any material, non-public information regarding the Company or any of it Subsidiaries. 

(j) Additional Issuance of Securities. The Company agrees that for the period commencing on the date hereof and ending on the date
immediately following the ninety (90) day anniversary of the Closing Date (provided that such period shall be extended by the number of days during such period and any extension thereof contemplated by this proviso on which the Registration
Statement is not effective or any prospectus contained therein is not available for use) (the “Restricted Period”), neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries shall (i) directly or indirectly issue, offer, sell, grant any
option or right to purchase, or otherwise dispose of (or announce any issuance, offer, sale, grant of any option or right to purchase or other disposition of) any equity security or any equity-linked or related security (including, without
limitation, any “equity security” (as that term is defined under Rule 405 promulgated under the 1933 Act), any Convertible Securities, any debt, any preferred stock or any purchase rights) (any such issuance,








 
offer, sale, grant, disposition or announcement (whether occurring during the Restricted Period or at any time thereafter) is referred to as a “Subsequent Placement”),
(ii) file a registration statement under the 1933 Act relating to securities other than the Securities or (iii) amend any term of any warrant to purchase Common Stock of the Company (or any other security of the Company) outstanding
immediately prior to the Closing Date. Notwithstanding the foregoing, this Section 4(j) shall not apply in respect of the issuance of (A) shares of Common Stock or standard options to purchase Common Stock to directors, officers or
employees of the Company in their capacity as such pursuant to an Approved Share Plan (as defined below), provided that (1) all such issuances (taking into account the shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of such options) after the
date hereof pursuant to this clause (A) do not, in the aggregate, exceed more than 1,179,637 shares of Common Stock and (2) the exercise price of any such options is not lowered, none of such options are amended to increase the number of
shares issuable thereunder and none of the terms or conditions of any such options are otherwise materially changed in any manner that adversely affects any of the Buyers; (B) shares of Common Stock issued upon the conversion or exercise of
Convertible Securities (other than standard options to purchase Common Stock issued pursuant to an Approved Share Plan that are covered by clause (A) above) issued prior to the date hereof, provided that, the conversion or exercise price of any
such Convertible Securities (other than standard options to purchase Common Stock issued pursuant to an Approved Share Plan that are covered by clause (A) above) is not lowered, none of such Convertible Securities (other than standard options
to purchase Common Stock issued pursuant to an Approved Share Plan that are covered by clause (A) above) are amended to increase the number of shares issuable thereunder and none of the terms or conditions of any such Convertible Securities
(other than standard options to purchase Common Stock issued pursuant to an Approved Share Plan that are covered by clause (A) above) are otherwise materially changed in any manner that adversely affects any of the Buyers; (C) the Common
Shares, (D) the Unit Shares and (E) shares of Common Stock or Convertible Securities issued or issuable in connection with strategic or commercial alliances, acquisitions, mergers, and strategic partnerships, or shares of Common Stock
issued to vendors and other third-party service providers in consideration for services rendered or otherwise provided to the Company, provided, that (x) the primary purpose of such issuance is not to raise capital as determined in good faith
by the board of directors of the Company, (y) the purchaser or acquirer of the securities in such issuance solely consists of either (I) the actual participants in such strategic or commercial alliance or strategic or commercial
partnership, or the vendors or other third-party providers of the services, (II) the actual owners of such assets or securities acquired in such acquisition or merger or (III) the stockholders, partners or members of the foregoing Persons and
(z) the number or amount of securities issued to such Person by the Company shall not be disproportionate to such Person’s actual participation in such strategic or commercial alliance or strategic or commercial partnership or ownership of
such assets or securities to be acquired by the Company, as applicable (each of the foregoing in clauses (A) through (E), collectively the “Excluded Securities”). “Approved Share Plan” means any employee
benefit plan which has been approved by the board of directors of the Company prior to or subsequent to the date hereof pursuant to which shares of Common Stock and standard options to purchase Common Stock may be issued to any employee, officer or
director for services provided to the Company in their capacity as such. “Convertible Securities” means any capital stock or other security of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries that is at any time and under any circumstances
directly or indirectly convertible into, exercisable or exchangeable for, or which otherwise entitles the holder thereof to acquire, any capital stock or other security of the Company (including, without limitation, Common Stock) or any of its
Subsidiaries. 







  
 (k) Reservation of
Shares. So long as any of the Subscription Units remain outstanding, the Company shall take all action necessary to at all times have authorized, and reserved for the purpose of issuance, the maximum number of shares of Common Stock issuable
upon exercise of all the Subscription Units (without regard to any limitations on the exercise of the Subscription Units set forth therein). 
 (l) Conduct of Business. The business of the Company and its Subsidiaries shall not be conducted in violation of any law, ordinance or regulation of any governmental entity, except where such
violations would not result, either individually or in the aggregate, in a Material Adverse Effect. 
 (m) Integrated
Offerings. For so long as any Subscription Units remain outstanding, the Company shall not, in any manner, enter into or effect any Subsequent Placement if the effect of such Subsequent Placement is to cause the Company to be required to issue
upon exercise of any Subscription Units any shares of Common Stock in excess of that number of shares of Common Stock which the Company may issue upon exercise of the Subscription Units without breaching the Company’s obligations under the
rules or regulations of the Principal Market. 
 (n) Passive Foreign Investment Company. The Company shall conduct its
business in such a manner as will ensure that the Company will not be deemed to constitute a passive foreign investment company within the meaning of Section 1297 of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. 

(o) Restriction on Redemption and Cash Dividends. So long as any Subscription Units are outstanding, the Company shall not,
directly or indirectly, redeem, or declare or pay any cash dividend or distribution on, any securities of the Company without the prior express written consent of the Buyers. 
 (p) Corporate Existence. So long as any Buyer owns any Subscription Units, the Company shall not be party to any Fundamental Transaction (as defined in the Subscription Units) unless the Company is
in compliance with the applicable provisions governing Fundamental Transactions set forth in the Subscription Units. 
 (q)
Closing Documents. On or prior to fourteen (14) calendar days after the Closing Date, the Company agrees to deliver, or cause to be delivered, to each Buyer and Greenberg Traurig, LLP executed copies of the Transaction Documents,
Securities and other document required to be delivered to any party pursuant to Section 7 hereof. 
  

	5.	REGISTER; TRANSFER AGENT INSTRUCTIONS; LEGEND. 

 (a) Register. The Company shall maintain at its principal executive offices (or such other office or agency of the Company as it may designate by notice to each holder of Securities), a register
for the Common Shares and the Subscription Units in which the Company shall record the name and address of the Person in whose name the Common Shares and the Subscription Units have been issued (including the name and address of each transferee),
the 







 
number of Common Shares held by such Person and the number of Unit Shares issuable upon exercise of the Subscription Units held by such Person. The Company shall keep the register open and
available at all times during business hours for inspection of any Buyer or its legal representatives. 
 (b) Transfer Agent
Instructions. The Company shall issue irrevocable instructions to the Transfer Agent in the form previously provided to the Company (the “Irrevocable Transfer Agent Instructions”) to issue certificates or credit shares to the
applicable balance accounts at DTC, registered in the name of each Buyer or its respective nominee(s), for the Common Shares and the Unit Shares in such amounts as specified from time to time by each Buyer to the Company upon delivery of the Common
Shares or the exercise of the Subscription Units (as the case may be). The Company represents and warrants that no instruction other than the Irrevocable Transfer Agent Instructions referred to in this Section 5(b) will be given by the Company
to the Transfer Agent with respect to the Securities, and that the Securities shall otherwise be freely transferable on the books and records of the Company. If a Buyer effects a sale, assignment or transfer of the Securities, the Company shall
permit the transfer and shall promptly instruct the Transfer Agent to issue one or more certificates or credit shares to the applicable balance accounts at DTC in such name and in such denominations as specified by such Buyer to effect such sale,
transfer or assignment. The Company acknowledges that a breach by it of its obligations hereunder will cause irreparable harm to each Buyer. Accordingly, the Company acknowledges that the remedy at law for a breach of its obligations under this
Section 5(b) will be inadequate and agrees, in the event of a breach or threatened breach by the Company of the provisions of this Section 5(b), that each Buyer shall be entitled, in addition to all other available remedies, to an order
and/or injunction restraining any breach and requiring immediate issuance and transfer, without the necessity of showing economic loss and without any bond or other security being required. The Company shall cause its counsel to issue the legal
opinion referred to in the Irrevocable Transfer Agent Instructions to the Transfer Agent. Any fees (with respect to the Transfer Agent, counsel to the Company or otherwise) associated with the issuance of such opinion shall be borne by the Company.

 (c) Legends. Certificates and any other instruments evidencing the Securities shall not bear any restrictive or other
legend. 
  

	6.	ADDITIONAL CLOSING DELIVERIES OF THE COMPANY. 

 (a) Deliveries. The Company shall deliver to each Buyer on the Closing Date each of the following: 
 (i) The opinion of Pryor Cashman LLP, the Company’s counsel, dated as of the Closing Date, in the form previously provided to the Company. 

(ii) A copy of the Irrevocable Transfer Agent Instructions, in the form previously provided to the Company, that have been
delivered to and acknowledged in writing by the Transfer Agent. 
 (iii) A certificate evidencing the formation
and good standing of the Company and each of its Subsidiaries in each such entity’s jurisdiction of formation issued by the Secretary of State (or comparable office) of such jurisdiction of formation as of a date within ten (10) days of
the Closing Date. 







  
 (iv) A
certificate evidencing the Company’s qualification as a foreign corporation and good standing issued by the Secretary of State (or comparable office) of each jurisdiction in which the Company conducts business and is required to so qualify, as
of a date within ten (10) days of the Closing Date. 
 (v) A certified copy of the Certificate of
Incorporation within ten (10) days of the Closing Date. 
 (vi) A certificate, in the form previously
provided to the Company, executed by the Secretary of the Company and dated as of the Closing Date, as to (i) the resolutions consistent with Section 3(b) as adopted by the Company’s board of directors in a form reasonably acceptable
to such Buyer, (ii) the Certificate of Incorporation and (iii) the Bylaws, each as in effect at the Closing. 
 (vii) A letter from the Transfer Agent certifying the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding on the Closing Date immediately prior to the Closing. 

(viii) Such other documents, instruments or certificates relating to the transactions contemplated by this Agreement as
such Buyer or its counsel may reasonably request. 
  

	7.	TERMINATION. 

 In the
event that the Closing shall not have occurred with respect to a Buyer within five (5) days after the date hereof, then such Buyer shall have the right to terminate its obligations under this Agreement with respect to itself at any time on or
after the close of business on such date without liability of such Buyer to any other party; provided, however, (i) the right to terminate this Agreement under this Section 7 shall not be available to such Buyer if the failure of the
transactions contemplated by this Agreement to have been consummated by such date is the result of such Buyer’s breach of this Agreement and (ii) the abandonment of the sale and purchase of the Common Shares and the Subscription Units
shall be applicable only to such Buyer providing such written notice, provided further that no such termination shall affect any obligation of the Company under this Agreement to reimburse such Buyer for the expenses described in Section 4(g)
above. Nothing contained in this Section 7 shall be deemed to release any party from any liability for any breach by such party of the terms and provisions of this Agreement or the other Transaction Documents or to impair the right of any party
to compel specific performance by any other party of its obligations under this Agreement or the other Transaction Documents. 
  

	8.	MISCELLANEOUS. 

 (a)
Governing Law; Jurisdiction; Jury Trial. All questions concerning the construction, validity, enforcement and interpretation of this Agreement shall be governed by the internal laws of the State of New York, without giving effect to any
choice of law or conflict of law provision or rule (whether of the State of New York or any other jurisdictions) that would 







 
cause the application of the laws of any jurisdictions other than the State of New York. Each party hereby irrevocably submits to the exclusive jurisdiction of the state and federal courts
sitting in The City of New York, Borough of Manhattan, for the adjudication of any dispute hereunder or in connection herewith or with any transaction contemplated hereby or discussed herein, and hereby irrevocably waives, and agrees not to assert
in any suit, action or proceeding, any claim that it is not personally subject to the jurisdiction of any such court, that such suit, action or proceeding is brought in an inconvenient forum or that the venue of such suit, action or proceeding is
improper. Each party hereby irrevocably waives personal service of process and consents to process being served in any such suit, action or proceeding by mailing a copy thereof to such party at the address for such notices to it under this Agreement
and agrees that such service shall constitute good and sufficient service of process and notice thereof. Nothing contained herein shall be deemed to limit in any way any right to serve process in any manner permitted by law. EACH PARTY HEREBY
IRREVOCABLY WAIVES ANY RIGHT IT MAY HAVE TO, AND AGREES NOT TO REQUEST, A JURY TRIAL FOR THE ADJUDICATION OF ANY DISPUTE HEREUNDER OR IN CONNECTION WITH OR ARISING OUT OF THIS AGREEMENT OR ANY TRANSACTION CONTEMPLATED HEREBY. 

(b) Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in two or more identical counterparts, all of which shall be considered one and
the same agreement and shall become effective when counterparts have been signed by each party and delivered to the other party. In the event that any signature is delivered by facsimile transmission or by an e-mail which contains a portable
document format (.pdf) file of an executed signature page, such signature page shall create a valid and binding obligation of the party executing (or on whose behalf such signature is executed) with the same force and effect as if such signature
page were an original thereof. 
 (c) Headings; Gender. The headings of this Agreement are for convenience of reference
and shall not form part of, or affect the interpretation of, this Agreement. Unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, each pronoun herein shall be deemed to include the masculine, feminine, neuter, singular and plural forms thereof. The terms
“including,” “includes,” “include” and words of like import shall be construed broadly as if followed by the words “without limitation.” The terms “herein,” “hereunder,” “hereof”
and words of like import refer to this entire Agreement instead of just the provision in which they are found. 
 (d)
Severability. If any provision of this Agreement is prohibited by law or otherwise determined to be invalid or unenforceable by a court of competent jurisdiction, the provision that would otherwise be prohibited, invalid or unenforceable
shall be deemed amended to apply to the broadest extent that it would be valid and enforceable, and the invalidity or unenforceability of such provision shall not affect the validity of the remaining provisions of this Agreement so long as this
Agreement as so modified continues to express, without material change, the original intentions of the parties as to the subject matter hereof and the prohibited nature, invalidity or unenforceability of the provision(s) in question does not
substantially impair the respective expectations or reciprocal obligations of the parties or the practical realization of the benefits that would otherwise be conferred upon the parties. The parties will endeavor in good faith negotiations to
replace the prohibited, invalid or unenforceable provision(s) with a valid provision(s), the effect of which comes as close as possible to that of the prohibited, invalid or unenforceable provision(s). 







  
 (e) Entire
Agreement; Amendments. This Agreement, the other Transaction Documents and the schedules and exhibits attached hereto and thereto and the instruments referenced herein and therein supersede all other prior oral or written agreements between the
Buyers, the Company, their affiliates and Persons acting on their behalf solely with respect to the matters contained herein and therein, and this Agreement, the other Transaction Documents, the schedules and exhibits attached hereto and thereto and
the instruments referenced herein and therein contain the entire understanding of the parties solely with respect to the matters covered herein and therein; provided, however, nothing contained in this Agreement or any other Transaction Document
shall (or shall be deemed to) (i) have any effect on any agreements any Buyer has entered into with the Company or any of its Subsidiaries prior to the date hereof with respect to any prior investment made by such Buyer in the Company or
(ii) waive, alter, modify or amend in any respect any obligations of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, or any rights of or benefits to any Buyer or any other Person, in any agreement entered into prior to the date hereof between or among
the Company and/or any of its Subsidiaries and any Buyer and all such agreements shall continue in full force and effect. Except as specifically set forth herein or therein, neither the Company nor any Buyer makes any representation, warranty,
covenant or undertaking with respect to such matters. For clarification purposes, the Recitals are part of this Agreement. No provision of this Agreement may be amended other than by an instrument in writing signed by the Company and each of the
Buyers. No waiver shall be effective unless it is in writing and signed by an authorized representative of the waiving party. The Company has not, directly or indirectly, made any agreements with any Buyers relating to the terms or conditions of the
transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents except as set forth in the Transaction Documents. Without limiting the foregoing, the Company confirms that, except as set forth in this Agreement, no Buyer has made any commitment or promise or
has any other obligation to provide any financing to the Company, any Subsidiary or otherwise. As a material inducement for each Buyer to enter into this Agreement, the Company expressly acknowledges and agrees that (i) no due diligence or
other investigation or inquiry conducted by a Buyer, any of its advisors or any of its representatives shall affect such Buyer’s right to rely on, or shall modify or qualify in any manner or be an exception to any of, the Company’s
representations and warranties contained in this Agreement or any other Transaction Document, (ii) nothing contained in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus or the Prospectus Supplement shall affect such Buyer’s right to rely on, or
shall modify or qualify in any manner or be an exception to any of, the Company’s representations and warranties contained in this Agreement or any other Transaction Document and (iii) unless a provision of this Agreement or any other
Transaction Document is expressly preceded by the phrase “except as disclosed in the SEC Documents,” nothing contained in any of the SEC Documents shall affect such Buyer’s right to rely on, or shall modify or qualify in any manner or
be an exception to any of, the Company’s representations and warranties contained in this Agreement or any other Transaction Document. 







  
 (f) Notices.
Any notices, consents, waivers or other communications required or permitted to be given under the terms of this Agreement must be in writing and will be deemed to have been delivered: (i) upon receipt, when delivered personally; (ii) upon
receipt, when sent by facsimile (provided confirmation of transmission is mechanically or electronically generated and kept on file by the sending party); or (iii) one (1) Business Day after deposit with an overnight courier service with
next day delivery specified, in each case, properly addressed to the party to receive the same. The addresses and facsimile numbers for such communications shall be: 
 If to the Company: 
 Marina Biotech, Inc. 

3830 Monte Villa Parkway 
 Bothell, Washington 98021 
 Telephone: 425-908-3600 

Facsimile: 425-908-3101 
 Attention: J. Michael French 
 With a copy (for informational purposes only) to:

 Pryor Cashman LLP 
 7 Times Square 
 New York, NY 10036 

Telephone: 212-326-0881 
 Facsimile: 212-798-6365 
 Attention: Lawrence Remmel, Esq. 

If to the Transfer Agent: 
 American Stock Transfer & Trust Co., LLC 
 59 Maiden Lane 

New York, NY 10038 
 Telephone: 718-921-8275 
 Facsimile: 718-921-8331 

Attention: Paula Caroppoli 
 If
to a Buyer, to its address and facsimile number set forth on the Schedule of Buyers, with copies to such Buyer’s representatives as set forth on the Schedule of Buyers, 
 with a copy (for informational purposes only) to: 
 Greenberg Traurig, LLP

 MetLife Building 
 200 Park Avenue 
 New York, NY 10166 

Telephone: (212) 801-9200 
 Facsimile: (212) 805-9222 
 Attention: Michael A. Adelstein, Esq. 

or to such other address and/or facsimile number and/or to the attention of such other Person as the recipient party has specified by written notice
given to each other party five (5) days prior to the effectiveness of such change, provided that Greenberg Traurig, LLP shall only be provided copies of notices sent to
                    . Written confirmation of receipt (A) given by the recipient of such notice, consent, waiver or other communication,
(B) mechanically or electronically generated by the sender’s facsimile machine containing the time, date, recipient facsimile number and an image of the first page of such transmission or (C) provided by an overnight courier service
shall be rebuttable evidence of personal service, receipt by facsimile or receipt from an overnight courier service in accordance with clause (i), (ii) or (iii) above, respectively. 







  
 (g) Successors and
Assigns. This Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the parties and their respective successors and assigns, including, as contemplated below, any assignee of any of the Securities. The Company shall not assign this
Agreement or any rights or obligations hereunder without the prior written consent of each of the Buyers, including, without limitation, by way of a Fundamental Transaction (as defined in the Subscription Units) (unless the Company is in compliance
with the applicable provisions governing Fundamental Transactions set forth in the Subscription Units). A Buyer may assign some or all of its rights hereunder in connection with any transfer of any of its Securities without the consent of the
Company, in which event such assignee shall be deemed to be a Buyer hereunder with respect to such assigned rights. 
 (h) No
Third Party Beneficiaries. This Agreement is intended for the benefit of the parties hereto and their respective permitted successors and assigns, and is not for the benefit of, nor may any provision hereof be enforced by, any other Person,
other than the Indemnitees referred to in Section 8(k). 
 (i) Survival. The representations, warranties, agreements
and covenants shall survive the Closing. Each Buyer shall be responsible only for its own representations, warranties, agreements and covenants hereunder. 
 (j) Further Assurances. Each party shall do and perform, or cause to be done and performed, all such further acts and things, and shall execute and deliver all such other agreements, certificates,
instruments and documents, as any other party may reasonably request in order to carry out the intent and accomplish the purposes of this Agreement and the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby. 

(k) Indemnification. 
 (i) In consideration of each Buyer’s execution and delivery of the Transaction Documents and acquiring the Securities thereunder and in addition to all of the Company’s other obligations under
the Transaction Documents, the Company shall defend, protect, indemnify and hold harmless each Buyer and each holder of any Securities and all of their stockholders, partners, members, officers, directors, employees and direct or indirect investors
and any of the foregoing Persons’ agents or other representatives (including, without limitation, those retained in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement) (collectively, the “Indemnitees”) from and
against any and all actions, causes of action, suits, claims, losses, costs, penalties, fees, liabilities and damages, and expenses in connection therewith (irrespective of whether any such Indemnitee is a party to the action for which
indemnification hereunder is sought), and including reasonable attorneys’ fees and disbursements (the “Indemnified Liabilities”), incurred by any Indemnitee as a result of, or arising out of, or relating to (a) any
misrepresentation or breach of any representation or warranty made by the Company in any of the Transaction Documents, (b) any breach of any covenant, agreement or obligation of the Company contained in any of the Transaction Documents or
(c) any 







 
cause of action, suit or claim brought or made against such Indemnitee by a third party (including for these purposes a derivative action brought on behalf of the Company and any action brought
by any purchaser of securities pursuant to any of (x) that certain Securities Purchase Agreement, dated April 25, 2008, by and among the Company and the other Persons signatory thereto, (y) that certain Securities Purchase Agreement,
dated June 9, 2009, by and among the Company and the other Persons signatory thereto or (z) that certain Securities Purchase Agreement, dated January 13, 2010, by and among the Company and the other Persons signatory thereto) and
arising out of or resulting from (i) the execution, delivery, performance or enforcement of any of the Transaction Documents, (ii) any transaction financed or to be financed in whole or in part, directly or indirectly, with the proceeds of
the issuance of the Securities, (iii) any disclosure properly made by such Buyer pursuant to Section 4(i), or (iv) the status of such Buyer or holder of the Securities as an investor in the Company pursuant to the transactions
contemplated by the Transaction Documents. To the extent that the foregoing undertaking by the Company may be unenforceable for any reason, the Company shall make the maximum contribution to the payment and satisfaction of each of the Indemnified
Liabilities which is permissible under applicable law. 
 (ii) Promptly after receipt by an Indemnitee under this
Section 8(k) of notice of the commencement of any action or proceeding (including any governmental action or proceeding) involving an Indemnified Liability, such Indemnitee shall, if a claim in respect thereof is to be made against the Company
under this Section 8(k), deliver to the Company a written notice of the commencement thereof, and the Company shall have the right to participate in, and, to the extent the Company so desires, to assume control of the defense thereof with
counsel mutually satisfactory to the Company and the Indemnitee; provided, however, that an Indemnitee shall have the right to retain its own counsel with the fees and expenses of such counsel to be paid by the Company if: (i) the Company has
agreed in writing to pay such fees and expenses; (ii) the Company shall have failed promptly to assume the defense of such Indemnified Liability and to employ counsel reasonably satisfactory to such Indemnitee in any such Indemnified Liability;
or (iii) the named parties to any such Indemnified Liability (including any impleaded parties) include both such Indemnitee and the Company, and such Indemnitee shall have been advised by counsel that a conflict of interest is likely to exist
if the same counsel were to represent such Indemnitee and the Company (in which case, if such Indemnitee notifies the Company in writing that it elects to employ separate counsel at the expense of the Company, then the Company shall not have the
right to assume the defense thereof and such counsel shall be at the expense of the Company), provided further, that in the case of clause (iii) above the Company shall not be responsible for the reasonable fees and expenses of more than one
(1) separate legal counsel for such Indemnitee. The Indemnitee shall reasonably cooperate with the Company in connection with any negotiation or defense of any such action or Indemnified Liability by the Company and shall furnish to the Company
all information reasonably available to the Indemnitee which relates to such action or Indemnified Liability. The Company shall keep the Indemnitee reasonably apprised at all times as to the status of the defense or any settlement negotiations with
respect thereto. The Company shall not be liable for any settlement of any action, claim or proceeding effected without its prior written consent, provided, however, that the Company shall not unreasonably withhold, delay or condition








 
its consent. The Company shall not, without the prior written consent of the Indemnitee, consent to entry of any judgment or enter into any settlement or other compromise which does not include
as an unconditional term thereof the giving by the claimant or plaintiff to such Indemnitee of a release from all liability in respect to such Indemnified Liability or litigation, and such settlement shall not include any admission as to fault on
the part of the Indemnitee. Following indemnification as provided for hereunder, the Company shall be subrogated to all rights of the Indemnitee with respect to all third parties, firms or corporations relating to the matter for which
indemnification has been made. The failure to deliver written notice to the Company within a reasonable time of the commencement of any such action shall not relieve the Company of any liability to the Indemnitee under this Section 8(k), except
to the extent that the Company is materially and adversely prejudiced in its ability to defend such action. 

(iii) The indemnification required by this Section 8(k) shall be made by periodic payments of the amount thereof
during the course of the investigation or defense, as and when bills are received or Indemnified Liabilities are incurred. 
 (iv) The indemnity agreement contained herein shall be in addition to (A) any cause of action or similar right of the Indemnitee against the Company or others, and (B) any liabilities the
Company may be subject to pursuant to the law. 
 (l) Construction. The language used in this Agreement will be deemed to
be the language chosen by the parties to express their mutual intent, and no rules of strict construction will be applied against any party. No specific representation or warranty shall limit the generality or applicability of a more general
representation or warranty. Each and every reference to share prices, shares of Common Stock and any other numbers in this Agreement that relate to the Common Stock shall be automatically adjusted for stock splits, stock dividends, stock
combinations and other similar transactions that occur with respect to the Common Stock after the date of this Agreement. 
 (m)
Remedies. Each Buyer and each holder of any Securities shall have all rights and remedies set forth in the Transaction Documents and all rights and remedies which such holders have been granted at any time under any other agreement or
contract and all of the rights which such holders have under any law. Any Person having any rights under any provision of this Agreement shall be entitled to enforce such rights specifically (without posting a bond or other security), to recover
damages by reason of any breach of any provision of this Agreement and to exercise all other rights granted by law. Furthermore, the Company recognizes that in the event that it fails to perform, observe, or discharge any or all of its obligations
under the Transaction Documents, any remedy at law may prove to be inadequate relief to the Buyers. The Company therefore agrees that the Buyers shall be entitled to seek specific performance and/or temporary, preliminary and permanent injunctive or
other equitable relief from any court of competent jurisdiction in any such case without the necessity of proving actual damages and without posting a bond or other security. 
 (n) Withdrawal Right. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in (and without limiting any similar provisions of) the Transaction Documents, whenever any Buyer exercises a right,
election, demand or option under a Transaction Document and the Company 







 
does not timely perform its related obligations within the periods therein provided, then such Buyer may rescind or withdraw, in its sole discretion from time to time upon written notice to the
Company, any relevant notice, demand or election in whole or in part without prejudice to its future actions and rights. 
 (o)
Payment Set Aside; Currency. To the extent that the Company makes a payment or payments to any Buyer hereunder or pursuant to any of the other Transaction Documents or any of the Buyers enforce or exercise their rights hereunder or
thereunder, and such payment or payments or the proceeds of such enforcement or exercise or any part thereof are subsequently invalidated, declared to be fraudulent or preferential, set aside, recovered from, disgorged by or are required to be
refunded, repaid or otherwise restored to the Company, a trustee, receiver or any other Person under any law (including, without limitation, any bankruptcy law, foreign, state or federal law, common law or equitable cause of action), then to the
extent of any such restoration the obligation or part thereof originally intended to be satisfied shall be revived and continued in full force and effect as if such payment had not been made or such enforcement or setoff had not occurred. Unless
otherwise expressly indicated, all dollar amounts referred to in this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents are in United States Dollars (“U.S. Dollars”), and all amounts owing under this Agreement and all other Transaction
Documents shall be paid in U.S. Dollars. All amounts denominated in other currencies (if any) shall be converted into the U.S. Dollar equivalent amount in accordance with the Exchange Rate on the date of calculation. “Exchange
Rate” means, in relation to any amount of currency to be converted into U.S. Dollars pursuant to this Agreement, the U.S. Dollar exchange rate as published in the Wall Street Journal on the relevant date of calculation. 

(p) Independent Nature of Buyers’ Obligations and Rights. The obligations of each Buyer under the Transaction Documents are
several and not joint with the obligations of any other Buyer, and no Buyer shall be responsible in any way for the performance of the obligations of any other Buyer under any Transaction Document. Nothing contained herein or in any other
Transaction Document, and no action taken by any Buyer pursuant hereto or thereto, shall be deemed to constitute the Buyers as, and the Company acknowledges that the Buyers do not so constitute, a partnership, an association, a joint venture or any
other kind of group or entity, or create a presumption that the Buyers are in any way acting in concert or as a group or entity with respect to such obligations or the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents or any matters, and the
Company acknowledges that the Buyers are not acting in concert or as a group, and the Company shall not assert any such claim, with respect to such obligations or the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents. The decision of each Buyer
to purchase Securities pursuant to the Transaction Documents has been made by such Buyer independently of any other Buyer. Each Buyer acknowledges that no other Buyer has acted as agent for such Buyer in connection with such Buyer making its
investment hereunder and that no other Buyer will be acting as agent of such Buyer in connection with monitoring such Buyer’s investment in the Securities or enforcing its rights under the Transaction Documents. The Company and each Buyer
confirms that each Buyer has independently participated with the Company in the negotiation of the transaction contemplated hereby with the advice of its own counsel and advisors. Each Buyer shall be entitled to independently protect and enforce its
rights, including, without limitation, the rights arising out of this Agreement or out of any other Transaction Documents, and it shall not be necessary for any other Buyer to be joined as an additional party in any proceeding for such purpose. The
use of a single agreement to effectuate 







 
the purchase and sale of the Securities contemplated hereby was solely in the control of the Company, not the action or decision of any Buyer, and was done solely for the convenience of the
Company and not because it was required or requested to do so by any Buyer. It is expressly understood and agreed that each provision contained in this Agreement and in each other Transaction Document is between the Company and a Buyer, solely, and
not between the Company and the Buyers collectively and not between and among the Buyers. 
 (q) Judgment Currency.

 (i) If for the purpose of obtaining or enforcing judgment against the Company in any court in any jurisdiction
it becomes necessary to convert into any other currency (such other currency being hereinafter in this Section 8(q) referred to as the “Judgment Currency”) an amount due in U.S. Dollars under this Agreement or any other
Transaction Document, the conversion shall be made at the Exchange Rate prevailing on the Trading Day immediately preceding: (1) the date actual payment of the amount due, in the case of any proceeding in the courts of New York or in the courts
of any other jurisdiction that will give effect to such conversion being made on such date or (2) the date on which the foreign court determines, in the case of any proceeding in the courts of any other jurisdiction (the date as of which such
conversion is made pursuant to this Section 8(q)(i) being hereinafter referred to as the “Judgment Conversion Date”). 
 (ii) If in the case of any proceeding in the court of any jurisdiction referred to in Section 8(q)(i) above, there is a change in the Exchange Rate prevailing between the Judgment Conversion Date and
the date of actual payment of the amount due, the applicable party shall pay such adjusted amount as may be necessary to ensure that the amount paid in the Judgment Currency, when converted at the Exchange Rate prevailing on the date of payment,
will produce the amount of U.S. Dollars which could have been purchased with the amount of Judgment Currency stipulated in the judgment or judicial order at the Exchange Rate prevailing on the Judgment Conversion Date. 

(iii) Any amount due from the Company under this provision shall be due as a separate debt and shall not be affected by
judgment being obtained for any other amounts due under or in respect of this Agreement or any other Transaction Document. 

(r) Taxes. 
 (i) Without limiting any other provision of this Agreement, any and all payments by the Company hereunder shall be made free and clear of and without deduction for any and all present or future taxes,
levies, imposts, deductions, charges or withholdings, and all liabilities with respect thereto (collectively referred to as “Taxes”) unless the Company is required to withhold or deduct any amounts for, or on account of Taxes
pursuant to any applicable law. If the Company shall be required to deduct any Taxes from or in respect of any sum payable hereunder to any Buyer, (i) the sum payable shall be increased by the amount by which the sum payable would otherwise
have to be increased (the “make-whole amount”) to ensure that after making all required deductions (including deductions applicable to the make-whole amount) such Buyer would receive an amount equal to the sum it would have received
had no such deductions been made, (ii) the Company shall make such deductions and (iii) the Company shall pay the full amount withheld or deducted to the relevant governmental authority within the time required. 







  
 (ii) In
addition, the Company agrees to pay to the relevant governmental authority in accordance with applicable law any present or future stamp or documentary taxes or any other excise or property taxes, charges or similar levies that arise from any
payment made hereunder or in connection with the execution, delivery, registration or performance of, or otherwise with respect to, this Agreement (“Other Taxes”). 

(iii) The Company shall deliver to each Buyer official receipts, if any, in respect of any Taxes and Other Taxes payable
hereunder promptly after payment of such Taxes and Other Taxes or other evidence of payment reasonably acceptable to each such Buyer. 
 (iv) If the Company fails to pay any amounts in accordance with this Section 8(r), the Company shall indemnify each Buyer within ten (10) calendar days after written demand therefor, for the
full amount of any Taxes or Other Taxes, plus any related interest or penalties, that are paid by the applicable Buyer to the relevant governmental authority or other relevant governmental authority as a result of such failure. 

(v) The obligations of the Company under this Section 8(r) shall survive the termination of this Agreement and the
payment of all amounts payable hereunder. 
 [signature pages follow] 







  
 IN WITNESS
WHEREOF, Buyer and the Company have caused their respective signature page to this Agreement to be duly executed as of the date first written above. 

 

			
	COMPANY:
	
	MARINA BIOTECH, INC.
		
	By:	 	 /s/ Peter S. Garcia

		 	Name: Peter S. Garcia
		 	Title    CFO and Secretary