U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES

Administration for Children and Families

Administration on Children, Youth and Families

Family and Youth Services Bureau

Understanding

Youth Development:

Promoting Positive Pathways of Growth
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U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES

Administration for Children and Families

Administration on Children, Youth and Families

Family and Youth Services Bureau

Understanding

Youth Development:

Promoting Positive Pathways of Growth

January 1997

Prepared for the

Family and Youth Services Bureau

by CSR, Incorporated

iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

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Understanding Youth Development

2

A CONCEPTUAL MODEL FOR UNDERSTANDING YOUTH DEVELOPMENT

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Developmental Process

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Society

Community

Family

Peers

Positive Indicators

Indicators of Need

for Assistance

• Economic and

employment conditions

• Discrimination and

prejudice

• Community

• Educational institutions

culture

• Sources of

supportpsychosocial

• Availability of

organizationsservingquality youth-

• Family dysfunction• Family structure• Parenting practices• Parent-child relationships

• Friendships• Peer groups

• Successful school

performances

• Membership in nondeviant• Help-seeking behaviors• Prosocial behaviors

peer groups

• Positive parent-child

relationships

• Positive relationships with

peers

• Participation in clubs and

community organizations

• Health-promoting behaviors

Individual

• Sense of industry/

competence

• Gender• Cognitive development• Age of onset of puberty• Temperament• Stable identity• Sense of control• Sense of connectedness

Desired Outcomes

• Positive and responsible• Self-sufficiency

relationshipsfamily and social

• Good citizenship

Interventions

• With communities• With families• With adolescents• With children

• Early parenthood or• Running away• Poor school performances

pregnancy

• Externalizing behavior• Criminal behaviors• Substance abuse

problems

• Internalizing behavior

problems

• Membership in deviant peer

groups

• Poor parent-child

relationships

Exhibit 1

Conceptual Model of Developmental Processes During Adolescence

Understanding Youth Development

3
Understanding Youth Development

4

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Developmental Pathways

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Understanding Youth Development

5

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Desired Outcomes in Adulthood

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Understanding Youth Development

6

Critical Features of Positive Adolescent Development

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Understanding Youth Development

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Connectedness to Others

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Sense of Identity

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Understanding Youth Development

8

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INDIVIDUAL AND CONTEXTUAL FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE

DEVELOPMENTAL PATHWAYS

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Biophysical Characteristics of Individuals

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Temperament

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Understanding Youth Development

9

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The Experience of Puberty

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Gender

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Understanding Youth Development

10

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Societal Context

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Economic and Employment Conditions

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