United States

Department of

Agriculture

Forest Service

Pacific Northwest

Research Station

General Technical

Report

PNW-GTR-709

June 2007

Potential Vegetation Hierarchy

for the Blue Mountains Section

of Northeastern Oregon,

Southeastern Washington,

and West-Central Idaho

David C. Powell, Charles G. Johnson, Jr., Elizabeth A. Crowe,

Aaron Wells, and David K. Swanson
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Authors

David C. Powell is a silviculturist, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service,

Umatilla National Forest, 2517 SW Hailey Avenue, Pendleton, OR 97801; Charles

G. Johnson, Jr. (deceased) was an area ecologist, U.S. Department of Agriculture,

Forest Service, Wallowa-Whitman National Forest, P.O. Box 907, Baker City, OR

97814; Elizabeth A. Crowe is a vegetation ecologist, U.S. Department of the

Interior, National Park Service, Greater Yellowstone Inventory and Monitoring

Program, Box 173492, 229 AJM Johnson, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT

59717; Aaron Wells is a postdoctoral associate, Department of Ecology, 310 Lewis

Hall, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59715; David K. Swanson is an

area ecologist, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Wallowa-Whitman

National Forest, P.O. Box 907, Baker City, OR 97814.

Cover Photo Credits

All photos by David C. Powell, show examples of the cool moist (top), warm dry

(middle), and cold dry (bottom) upland forest plant associatioin groups.
Abstract

Powell, David C.; Johnson, Charles G., Jr.; Crowe, Elizabeth A.; Wells,

Aaron; Swanson, David K. 2007. Potential vegetation hierarchy for the Blue

Mountains section of northeastern Oregon, southeastern Washington, and westcentral Idaho. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-709. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 87 p.

The work described in this report was initiated during the Interior Columbia Basin

Ecosystem Management Project (ICBEMP). The ICBEMP produced a broad-scale

scientific assessment of ecological, biophysical, social, and economic conditions for

the interior Columbia River basin and portions of the Klamath and Great Basins.

The broad-scale assessment made extensive use of potential vegetation (PV) information. This report (1) discusses certain concepts and terms as related to PV, (2)

describes how a PV framework developed for the broad-scale ICBEMP assessment

area was stepped down to the level of a single section in the national hierarchy of

terrestrial ecological units, (3) describes how fine-scale potential vegetation types

(PVTs) identified for the Blue Mountains section were aggregated into the midscale

portion of the PV hierarchy, and (4) describes the PVT composition for each of the

midscale hierarchical units (physiognomic class, potential vegetation group, plant

association group).

Keywords: Potential vegetation, Blue Mountains, potential vegetation hierarchy,

plant ecology, potential vegetation type, plant association group, physiognomic

class, potential vegetation group.
Contents

1 Introduction

2 Ecological Unit Hierarchy

3 Naming Conventions

5 Potential Vegetation Concepts

7 Potential Versus Existing Vegetation

9 Potential Vegetation Classification

11 Potential Vegetation Hierarchy

11 Fine-Scale Hierarchical Units

14 Midscale Hierarchical Units

15 Temperature-Moisture Approach

15 Physiognomic Classes

16 Temperature-Moisture Matrix (Plant Association Groups)

25 Potential Vegetation Groups

32 Step-Down Process for Developing Midscale Hierarchical Units

33 Concerns About Subjectivity

36 Glossary

43 Species List

51 Acknowledgments

52 References

64 Appendix
1

Potential Vegetation Hierarchy for the Blue Mountains Section of Northeastern Oregon...

Introduction

A distant summer view of the Blue Mountains shows a dark band of coniferous

forest occurring above a lighter-colored grassland zone. Each of the two contrasting areas seems to be homogeneous, and the border between them appears sharp

(Powell 2000).

A closer view reveals great diversity within each zone and borders that are

poorly defined: herbaceous communities and stands of deciduous trees are scattered

throughout the coniferous forest, and the species of dominant conifer changes from

one site to another (Powell 2000).

At the foot of the Blue Mountains, fingers of forest and stands of tall deciduous

shrubs invade the grassland zone for varying distances before becoming progressively less common and eventually disappearing altogether (Powell 2000).

This vegetation pattern demonstrates that the Blue Mountains are actually

broken up into a myriad of small units, many of which repeat in an intricate,

changing pattern. Making sense of this landscape mosaic is possible by using a

concept called potential vegetation (PV) (Powell 2000).

Potential vegetation is defined as the community of plants that would become

established if all successional sequences were completed, without interference by

humans, under existing environmental conditions including edaphic, topographic,

and climatic factors (Hall et al. 1995).1

 Potential vegetation, the theoretical endpoint of plant succession in the absence of disturbance, is used to characterize

biophysical settings and their associated potential natural communities (Daubenmire

1968, Zerbe 1998).

This report describes a potential vegetation hierarchical analysis process

initiated during the Interior Columbia Basin Ecosystem Management Project

(ICBEMP). The ICBEMP began in January 1994 when the Chief of the USDA

Forest Service (FS) and the Director of the USDI Bureau of Land Management

(BLM) signed a charter; it directed that an ecosystem-based strategy be developed

for management of FS and BLM lands within the project area.

The ICBEMP project area includes the U.S. portion of the interior Columbia

River basin east of the crest of the Cascade Mountains in Oregon, Washington,

Idaho, and western Montana, along with adjacent parts of Wyoming, Nevada,

California, and Utah (some of the adjoining area includes portions of the Klamath

and Great Basins). It contains over 145 million acres (58.7 million hectares), about

1

 Scientific and technical terms are defined in the glossary.

The Blue Mountains

are actually broken

up into a myriad of

small units, many of

which repeat in an

intricate, changing

pattern.
2

GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PNW-GTR-709

76 million acres (30.8 million hectares) of which are federal lands administered by

the FS and BLM (Quigley and Arbelbide 1997, Quigley et al. 1996). At the time it

was conducted, it was the largest assessment of its kind in the world (Quigley and

Cole 1997).

The ICBEMP produced a framework for ecosystem management (Haynes et al.

1996) and a broad-scale assessment of ecological, biophysical, social, and economic

conditions in the project area (Quigley and Arbelbide 1997, Quigley et al. 1996).

The broad-scale assessment made extensive use of PV information (Jensen et al.

1997).

This report has four objectives:

• Discuss certain concepts and terms relating to PV–a glossary of terms is

provided on page 36.

• Describe how the PV hierarchical framework developed for the ICBEMP

broad-scale assessment was stepped down to the level of a single section

(the Blue Mountains) in the national hierarchy of terrestrial ecological

units.

• Describe how fine-scale potential vegetation types (PVTs) identified for the

Blue Mountains section were aggregated into midscale PV hierarchical

units.

• Describe the PVT composition for each of the midscale hierarchical units

(physiognomic class, potential vegetation group, plant association group) in

the Blue Mountains PV hierarchy.

Ecological Unit Hierarchy

Land and water areas have been classified into broad-scale hierarchies of aquatic

and terrestrial ecological units (Bailey 1998, Maxwell et al. 1995). “The primary

purpose for delineating ecological units is to identify land and water areas at

different levels of resolution that have similar capabilities and potentials for management” (Cleland et al. 1997).

Understanding different levels of resolution (e.g., scales) is central to an

understanding of ecological capabilities and potentials because ecosystem components (composition, structure, and function) are scale dependent (Levin 1992).

Eight levels are included in a national hierarchy of terrestrial ecological units,

as adopted by the USDA Forest Service: domain, division, province, section, subsection, landtype association (LTA), landtype, and landtype phase (Cleland et al.

Understanding

different levels of

resolution (e.g.,

scales) is central to

an understanding of

ecological capabilities and potentials.
3

Potential Vegetation Hierarchy for the Blue Mountains Section of Northeastern Oregon...

1997, McNab and Avers 1994). This report describes how a hierarchical PV process

was implemented for a single section in the interior Pacific Northwest (section

M332G, the Blue Mountains).

The broad-scale scientific assessment of the interior Columbia River basin and

portions of the Klamath and Great Basins (Quigley and Arbelbide 1997, Quigley et

al. 1996) included all or part of 7 provinces and 23 sections; only portions of some

provinces or sections were included in the ICBEMP assessment area because its

boundaries were established by using aquatic rather than terrestrial ecological units

(Maxwell et al. 1995, Seaber et al. 1987).

Province M332, “middle Rocky Mountain steppe–coniferous forest–alpine

meadow,” is located in the Northwestern United States and includes parts of

Oregon, Washington, Idaho, and Montana (Bailey 1998).

In the terrestrial ecological unit hierarchy, province M332 occurs in the “dry”

domain and within a mountainous variant of the “temperate steppe” division

(specifically, the “temperate steppe regime mountains”) (McNab and Avers 1994).

Section M332G, the Blue Mountains, is the westernmost of seven sections in

province M332 (Bailey 1998, McNab and Avers 1994).

At a regional scale, the Blue Mountains section consists of a series of mountain

ranges occurring in a southwest to northeast orientation, extending from the

Ochoco Mountains in central Oregon, the southwestern portion of the section, to

the Seven Devils Mountains in west-central Idaho, the northeastern portion of the

section (fig. 1).

This west to east orientation allows the Blue Mountains to function ecologically

and floristically as a transverse bridge between the Cascade Mountains province to

the west, and the main portion of the middle Rocky Mountains province to the east

(Bryce and Omernik 1997, Rydberg 1916).

Naming Conventions

Potential vegetation types are traditionally referenced by using scientific plant

names (e.g., Pseudotsuga menziesii/Spiraea betulifolia), common plant names

(e.g., Douglas-fir/birchleaf spiraea), alphanumeric acronyms (e.g., PSME/SPBE2),

and database codes (e.g., CDS634). (See “Species List” for common and scientific

names and appendix tables 8 and 9 for potential vegetation types and codes.) When

referring to a potential vegetation type in this report, the following naming conventions are used:
4

GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PNW-GTR-709

• Species in the same life form are separated with a dash (e.g., subalpine firwhitebark pine), whereas species in different life forms are separated with

a slash (e.g., grand fir/queencup beadlily).

• Alphanumeric acronyms are derived from scientific plant names: the first

two letters of the genus name are combined with the first two letters of the

species name and capitalized (e.g., ABGR for Abies grandis). If more than

one species has the same code, then a number is added to differentiate

between them (e.g., PIMO3 for Pinus monticola). The acronyms associated

with the initial Blue Mountains potential vegetation classifications (Crowe

and Clausnitzer 1997, Johnson and Clausnitzer 1992, Johnson and Simon

1987) were generally derived from Garrison et al. (1976).

• Nomenclature for scientific plant names was revised when the U.S.

Department of Agriculture adopted a new national taxonomy called the

PLANTS database (USDA NRCS 2004). In this report, the PLANTS codes

are used for any plant species included in a Blue Mountains potential

vegetation classification (Crowe and Clausnitzer 1997, Johnson 2004,

Johnson and Clausnitzer 1992, Johnson and Simon 1987, Johnson and

Swanson 2005, Wells 2006).

Figure 1—The Blue Mountains section. In the context of the national hierarchical framework of terrestrial ecological units (Cleland

et al. 1997), the Blue Mountains are classified as section M332G; the Blue Mountains are the westernmost section in province

M332: middle Rocky Mountain steppe–coniferous forest–alpine meadow (Bailey 1998, McNab and Avers 1994).
5

Potential Vegetation Hierarchy for the Blue Mountains Section of Northeastern Oregon...

• For compatibility with Blue Mountains classifications published before the

PLANTS database, the plant species codes used with the original reports,

along with any PLANTS synonyms and synonym codes for these species,

are provided in the species list (“R6 code”). Synonyms refer to instances

where the PLANTS database has changed the original plant name to a new

one. For example, Stipa occidentalis was the scientific name for western

needlegrass in the original reports (Crowe and Clausnitzer 1997, Johnson

and Clausnitzer 1992, Johnson and Simon 1987), but Achnatherum

occidentale occidentale is the PLANTS scientific name for this species now

(USDA NRCS 2004).

• All common names are shown in lower case letters except for proper names

(e.g., Sandberg’s bluegrass; Rocky Mountain maple).

• Ecoclass codes, used for recording PVTs on field forms and in databases,

are described in Hall (1998, as supplemented); ecoclass codes for PVTs

described in Blue Mountains potential vegetation classifications are

provided in appendix tables 8 and 9.

Potential Vegetation Concepts

The genetic characteristics of a plant species allow it to be adapted to a specific

range of environmental conditions, which is called its ecological amplitude

(Daubenmire 1968). Ecological amplitude controls how a plant species interacts

with physical site factors such as altitude (elevation), aspect, geology, and soil type.

Together these factors create the underlying foundation, a geomorphic template,

upon which the biological landscape is constructed.

Physical and other abiotic factors govern belowground ecosystem processes

(such as nutrient cycling) and create aboveground gradients in productivity, structure, and composition. Does this mean that the abundance or distribution of a

potential natural community is controlled exclusively by elevation, rock type, or

any other individual factor? In general, the answer to this question is “no.”

Potential vegetation can be thought of as the algebraic sum of all environmental

factors influencing the flora of an area (Daubenmire 1976). The physical factors of

a plant’s environment interact to form a temperature and moisture regime influenced primarily by gradients of elevation, slope steepness and configuration, aspect,

and geologic parent materials and their resulting soils (Kruckeberg 2002, Meurisse

et al. 1991, Swanson et al. 1988, Westveld 1951). These site factors interact by

complementing or counteracting each other, so any individual factor has limited

influence by itself.

Potential vegetation

can be thought of as

the algebraic sum of

all environmental

factors influencing

the flora of an area.
6

GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PNW-GTR-709

The concept of complementary factors is illustrated by the situation where a

plant community occurs on different aspects as elevation changes. At a low elevation within its distribution, a plant community may grow on a steep, north-facing

slope because this combination of environmental factors results in cooler and

moister conditions than are typical for the elevation. At intermediate portions of its

elevational range, a plant community tends to be at an optimum and it then occurs

on zonal soils and moderate aspects (east- or west-facing exposures). At high elevations, it may be found on a steep, south-facing slope because this combination of

environmental factors results in warmer and dryer conditions than typically prevail

for the altitude (Blumer 1911, Daubenmire 1952).

This example demonstrates that plant species seldom have the same ecological

indicator status wherever they occur. Land managers should be able to interpret the

indicator status of the plant species and communities with which they work

(Westveld 1951). This skill is particularly important when working with mixedspecies communities (Powell 2000).

The presence of ponderosa pine in stands trending toward domination by grand

fir, for example, may indicate only that one or more mature ponderosa pines

happened to be within seed dissemination distance when the last wildfire or other

disturbance event occurred. How would a land manager come to that conclusion?

Shade-intolerant tree species such as ponderosa pine can colonize sites that are

moister than they can hold onto when facing competition from shade-tolerant

species such as grand fir; ponderosa pine and grand fir occurring together on the

grand fir/twinflower plant association is an example of this situation for the Blue

Mountains section (Johnson and Clausnitzer 1992).

This species occurrence pattern suggests that varying proportions of ponderosa

pine and grand fir may not indicate changes in temperature or moisture relationships (ponderosa pine indicating warm and dry microsites; grand fir indicating cool

and moist microsites), but may instead represent an expected progression in a postdisturbance sere where early-seral ponderosa pine is gradually being replaced by

late-seral grand fir (Daubenmire 1966).

This example illustrates that the proportion of ponderosa pine in a mixedconifer stand may have limited indicator value with respect to a site’s temperature

and moisture status, but it might be useful as an indicator of how much time has

passed since the last wildfire or other disturbance event with sufficient intensity to

initiate a cohort of early-seral tree species (Daubenmire 1966).
7

Potential Vegetation Hierarchy for the Blue Mountains Section of Northeastern Oregon...

Potential vegetation implies that over long periods and in the absence of

disturbance, similar types of plant communities (PVTs) will develop on similar

sites. Knowing which PVT will develop is useful because it indicates ecological site

potential (Cook 1996, Westveld 1951) and helps predict ecosystem response to

disturbance processes such as wildfire (Brown et al. 2004, Crane and Fischer 1986,

Franklin and Agee 2003, Hann et al. 2005) and invasive species (Despain et al.

2001, Weaver et al. 2001).

Potential vegetation offers insights about inherent productivity and other

vegetation-site relationships (Meurisse et al. 1991), is valuable for projecting plant

succession pathways (Beukema et al. 2003, Clausnitzer 1993, Kurz et al. 2000),

and helps put the existing vegetation patterns of an area into an ecological context

(Daubenmire 1966, 1976).

Potential Versus Existing Vegetation

The occurrence of ponderosa pine and grand fir in mixed stands demonstrates an

important difference between potential vegetation and existing vegetation. Potential

vegetation describes the floristic composition produced in a disturbance-free environment and under existing climatic conditions, and it accounts for internal or

autogenic changes occurring during plant succession (soil changes, nutrient cycling,

etc.).

Classifying vegetation by assuming that disturbance is absent, might seem

irrelevant in the interior Columbia River basin where disturbance processes are

ubiquitous (Hann et al. 1997, Losensky 1994), but this classification concept

identifies the most competitive plant species in the context of existing climate,

and they can then function as useful indicators of a site’s ecological potential

(Pfister and Arno 1980).

Because classification describes the plant composition associated with recent

historical and existing climate, the composition and distribution of PVTs is expected to change as climate changes. Climate change modeling for the broad-scale

scientific assessment of the interior Columbia River basin and portions of the

Klamath and Great Basins predicted that with a doubling of atmospheric carbon

dioxide levels, the Thuja plicata/Clintonia uniflora (western redcedar/queencup

beadlily) plant association would occur in the Blue Mountains section even though

it does not occur there now (Jensen et al. 1997).

In the pine-fir, mixed-species plant community example described above,

ponderosa pine will not ultimately prevail because grand fir is more competitive

in the absence of disturbance. When considering the PV concept established by

Daubenmire (1968), Pfister and Arno (1980), and many others, this means that

Potential vegetation offers insights

about inherent productivity and other

vegetation-site

relationships.
8

GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PNW-GTR-709

grand fir is a more useful indicator species than ponderosa pine because the classification objective is to identify the dominant composition associated with climate and

other abiotic conditions, not with stochastic factors such as disturbance (McCune

and Allen 1985a, 1985b). In other words, this concept recognizes that plant associations are distinct entities varying in response to biophysical site factors, not just

random groupings of plants brought together by chance (Westveld 1951).

In the interior Pacific Northwest, fire and other disturbance processes usually

intervene to prevent development of climax plant communities (Agee 1993, 1998;

Habeck and Mutch 1973), but knowledge about life history traits and vital attributes allows us to predict a site’s potential floristic composition (Huston and

Smith 1987, Noble and Slatyer 1980, Roberts 1996). This is why the concept is

referred to as potential vegetation—certain site characteristics (the physical and

abiotic environment), in combination with the presence or absence of diagnostic

indicator plants, provide clues about the potential composition of an area’s vegetation (the climax plant community) (Powell 2000).

Potential vegetation is an indicator of the environmental gradients controlling

vegetation dynamics—it reflects how shade-tolerant and shade-intolerant tree

species develop and interact in mixed forests (Smith and Huston 1989); the rate

at which ecosystems produce and accumulate biomass (Daubenmire 1976); and

the potential impact of fire, insects, pathogens, and other disturbance processes

on forest composition and structure (McDonald 1991, Powell 2005, Schmitt and

Powell 2005, Steele et al. 1996).

The management implications of plant succession, forest growth, and other

ecosystem processes are predictable (within limits) because they can be related to

PV, and sites with similar PV tend to respond to disturbance processes in a similar

way (Cook 1996, Daubenmire 1961). For this reason, the “fire regime condition

class” protocol (Hann et al. 2005) and several other assessment or mapping processes (Comer et al. 2003, Küchler 1964) have adopted a PV concept explicitly

incorporating natural or historical disturbance.

Existing vegetation differs from PV because it represents conditions as they

exist today—what a land manager finds on the ground and deals with on a daily

basis (Brohman and Bryant 2005). Historically, natural resource management was

based on classifications of existing vegetation (e.g., Eyre 1980, Shiflet 1994).

Although maps displaying existing vegetation provide valuable information about

current composition and structure, they supply little insight about site productivity

and other management implications (Daubenmire 1973, Deitschmann 1973,

Westveld 1951).
9

Potential Vegetation Hierarchy for the Blue Mountains Section of Northeastern Oregon...

This means that the two classification approaches—PV and existing vegetation—tend to be used in different ways and for different purposes: existing vegetation is well suited for meeting operational needs because it represents “what is”

(current conditions), whereas PV is ideally suited for planning and assessment

processes because it represents “what could be” (ecological site potential) (Powell

2000, Westveld 1951).

Potential Vegetation Classification

Ecosystems are complexes of living organisms interacting with each other and their

environment. There are many kinds of ecosystems but not an infinite number, and

ecologists have learned that similar ecosystems occur repeatedly across the landscape (Klinka and Carter 1980). Vegetation is a readily observed component of an

ecosystem. It can be used to characterize floristic communities and to help map

aquatic and terrestrial ecological units (Bailey 1996).

The process of delineating and characterizing floristic communities is called

vegetation classification. Potential vegetation is classified by using a taxonomic

approach of sampling stands with climax or late-successional plant composition.

These classifications are based on the concept that a community of plants proceeds

through successional pathways to a potential climax association that is typical or

characteristic of a particular biophysical environment (Pfister and Arno 1980).

Grouping similar PVTs results in a taxonomic hierarchy. For the Blue Mountains section, PV has been organized as one hierarchy consisting of two integrated

portions—the fine-scale hierarchical units are useful for operational or project-level

planning (Emmingham et al. 2005, Hall 1989), and the midscale hierarchical units

are suitable for ecosystem analysis at the watershed scale (REO 1995) and for other

strategic purposes (Johnson et al. 1999) (fig. 2).

The midscale taxonomic units have been particularly useful for ecological

mapping. Plant association groups resulting from a temperature-moisture classification framework (Jensen et al. 1997, Powell 1998), along with information about

geomorphology, geologic rock types, soil complexes, and other abiotic components, were used as the PV component or element when mapping landtype associations (LTAs) for national forests of the Blue Mountains section during 2003 and

2004 (Winthers et al. 2005).

Landtype association is one of the categorical classification units within the

national hierarchy of terrestrial ecological units (Cleland et al. 1997, McNab and

Avers 1994). The mapping unit for LTAs is based primarily on landforms, surficial

geology, and midscale taxonomic units for soils and PV (Winthers et al. 2005).

Existing vegetation

is well suited for

meeting operational

needs because it

represents “what

is,” whereas potential vegetation is

ideally suited for

planning and assessment processes

because it represents “what could

be.”
10

GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PNW-GTR-709

Figure 2—Hierarchy of potential vegetation (PV) for the Blue Mountains section (figure adapted

from Powell 2000). The PV taxonomic units have been organized as two integrated portions of a

PV hierarchy. The fine-scale hierarchical units are described in PV classification reports and their

associated keys (Crowe and Clausnitzer 1997, Johnson 2004, Johnson and Clausnitzer 1992,

Johnson and Simon 1987, Johnson and Swanson 2005, and Wells 2006). Potential vegetation

types (PVTs) provide a link between the fine-scale and midscale portions of the PV hierarchy

because PVTs are aggregated to form plant association groups.
11

Potential Vegetation Hierarchy for the Blue Mountains Section of Northeastern Oregon...

During mapping of LTAs for the Blue Mountains section, it was found that finescale PV units (particularly PVTs as defined in this report) were at too fine a scale

to be useful, but that midscale units (particularly potential vegetation groups)

provided a reasonable level of discrimination when delineating LTA mapping units

in the field.

Predictive mapping of PV has many useful applications for ecosystem planning

and management (Deitschmann 1973, Kelly et al. 2005). A recent classificationtree modeling project used geographic information system (GIS) layers for topography, slope position, geology and soils, solar radiation, and precipitation and

topographic moisture in a map-overlay computer processing environment (Bailey

1996) to predict plant associations, plant association groups, and vegetation series

for a large study area in northeastern Oregon. The midscale plant association

groups (and the other predicted units) were then mappable in GIS. Note that for

this modeling project, all predicted units of PV pertained exclusively to upland

types because riparian types function at a different (finer) scale, and it is seldom

possible to discriminate between them in a modeling or GIS context (Kelly et al.

2005).

Potential Vegetation Hierarchy

Fine-Scale Hierarchical Units

Literally thousands of plant species call the Blue Mountains home (Botanical

Resources Group 2004, Hanson 2000). The vegetation of a region tends to reflect

the types of habitat that are available to it, and the Blue Mountains provide a

diversity of habitat owing to variation in landforms, topography, climate, soils,

slope exposure, geologic parent materials, and other abiotic factors. The almost

limitless combination of these abiotic factors offers a vast array of habitats where

plants can become established and grow (Clarke and Bryce 1997).

Each unique combination of abiotic factors results in a slightly different temperature and moisture regime. Ecological amplitude controls how plants interact

with abiotic factors. As plant occurrence and distribution are influenced primarily

by temperature and moisture, when abiotic factors vary enough to modify the

temperature and moisture regime, they cause a change in plant composition

(Sampson 1939).

In the Blue Mountains section, temperature and moisture regimes vary somewhat predictably with changes in elevation, aspect, and slope exposure (Kelly et al.

2005). This variation across biophysical settings is consistent with our current

Each unique combination of abiotic

factors results in a

slightly different

temperature and

moisture regime.
12

GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PNW-GTR-709

understanding of the environmental tolerances (life history traits and vital attributes) for the dominant plant species (McCook 1994, Powell 2000).

One objective of PV classification is to delineate relatively homogeneous units

of biophysical environment. Each biophysical environment is characterized by its

potential floristic composition. The biophysical environments of an area are described in PV classifications (e.g., Crowe and Clausnitzer 1997, Johnson 2004,

Johnson and Clausnitzer 1992, Johnson and Simon 1987, Johnson and Swanson

2005, and Wells 2006, for the Blue Mountains section).

The PV classifications not only define the fine-scale PV hierarchical units of an

area (Pfister and Arno 1980), but they also provide dichotomous keys to aid in their

identification.

Series—

The highest level of the fine-scale portion of the PV hierarchy is based on the

dominant climax plant species and is called the series (fig. 2). The subalpine fir

series, for example, includes every plant association where subalpine fir is presumed

to be the dominant tree species at climax. The series unit of the PV hierarchy is

assumed to reflect macroclimatic conditions at the site scale.

Potential vegetation types—

The middle level of the fine-scale portion of the PV hierarchy (fig. 2) is defined by

using one or more species from the dominant (overstory) vegetation layer and one

or more indicator plants from the subordinate (undergrowth) layer. This hierarchical

unit is the PVT. The PVTs include three of the taxonomic units described in PV

classifications for the Blue Mountains section: plant associations,2

 plant community

types, and plant communities.

Plant associations—

Plant associations are named for their dominant overstory and undergrowth plants,

such as the Abies grandis/Clintonia uniflora plant association (abbreviated ABGR/

CLUN2).

2

 For much of the Western United States, the lowest level of the fine-scale portion of the

potential vegetation hierarchy is called a “habitat type” instead of a plant association.

There is actually little distinction between the two terms because a habitat type refers to

the physical environment (land area) having the capability to support a particular plant

association; habitat types are named for the climax plant communities (plant associations)

they can support. In other words, habitat types are land-mapping units; plant associations

can be thought of as their attributes, legend items, or map labels (Alexander 1985).
13

Potential Vegetation Hierarchy for the Blue Mountains Section of Northeastern Oregon...

From an ecological perspective, it is assumed that the dominant (overstory)

species of a plant association reflects macroclimate at a site scale, whereas the subordinate indicator plants represent an area’s microclimate and soils. For the Abies

grandis/Clintonia uniflora plant association, Abies grandis is assumed to reflect the

macroclimatic regime, whereas Clintonia uniflora is responding to microclimatic

conditions.

The land area capable of supporting a plant association (the habitat type) is

considered to be fairly homogeneous in terms of its growing environment, and it

integrates site-scale variability in elevation, soil, geology, and other abiotic factors

in such a way that the same climax overstory and understory vegetation will

eventually be produced (Davis et al. 2001).

Plant community types—

Some late-seral vegetation types persist on the landscape and have been referred to

as plant community types in PV classifications (Johnson and Clausnitzer 1992). This

taxonomic unit includes vegetation that might be climax but about which there is

uncertainty. Plant community types occur repeatedly across the landscape, but they

are considered to be successional to one or more plant associations.

Plant community types are named in much the same way as plant associations:

they use a binomial name consisting of one or more of the dominant (overstory)

species and one or more of the subordinate (undergrowth) plants.

For plant community types, the undergrowth indicator plants are typically

assumed to represent the climax composition, whereas the overstory dominants are

often early- or midseral species that have not yet been supplanted by late-seral or

potential natural community species (Hall et al. 1995).

Early- or midseral tree species can dominate plant community types when

their longevity exceeds that of the late-seral, shade-tolerant species, or because they

possess a set of life history traits (such as thick bark and low bark resin) (Flint

1925, Starker 1934) rendering them particularly well suited to a stand-maintaining

disturbance regime such as frequent surface fire (McCook 1994).

Plant communities—

Some PV classifications also include a taxonomic unit called plant communities.

Vegetation types designated as a plant community have no particular successional

(seral) status. Generally, plant communities are vegetation types with a limited

distribution in the geographical area covered by the classification, or they were

described by using such a small number of sample plots that it is not possible to

infer their true successional status (Johnson and Clausnitzer 1992).
14

GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PNW-GTR-709

Phases—

The lowest level of the fine-scale portion of the PV hierarchy is called a phase,

which represents a subdivision of a plant association (fig. 2). Phases reflect minor

environmental differences within a plant association and are named for an indicator

species, such as the pinegrass phase of the Douglas-fir/birchleaf spiraea plant

association (PSME/SPBE2, CARU phase) (Steele et al. 1981).

Although commonly used elsewhere in the Rocky Mountains (Alexander

1985, Pfister and Arno 1980), phases were not included in PV classifications for

the Blue Mountains section (Crowe and Clausnitzer 1997, Johnson 2004, Johnson

and Clausnitzer 1992, Johnson and Simon 1987, Johnson and Swanson 2005, Wells

2006).

Midscale Hierarchical Units

Once an area has been classified and mapped into PVTs (plant associations, plant

community types, plant communities), this fine-scale information can then be aggregated to make it useful for midscale analysis and assessment purposes (Bergeron

and Bouchard 1984). Although aggregation has potential pitfalls (oversimplification

often does more harm than good), it can provide clarity and foster strategic thinking: “we must learn how to aggregate and simplify, retaining essential information,

without getting bogged down in unnecessary detail” (Levin 1992).

Potential vegetation information is useful for a variety of midscale purposes

such as these:

• Land and resource management planning (Emmingham et al. 2005, Hall

1989)

• Ecosystem analysis at the watershed scale (REO 1995)

• Bioregional assessments such as the Interior Columbia Basin Ecosystem

Management Project (Johnson et al. 1999)

• Assessing wildland fire susceptibility (Graham et al. 2004, Huff et al.

1995, Peterson et al. 2005, Powell 2005, Schmidt et al. 2002)

• Characterizing suggested tree stocking levels (Cochran et al. 1994, Powell

1999).

To support the strategic needs described above, fine-scale PV information

for the Blue Mountains section was aggregated into midscale PV hierarchical units

(fig. 2).

Although aggregation has potential

pitfalls, it can provide clarity and

foster strategic

thinking.
15

Potential Vegetation Hierarchy for the Blue Mountains Section of Northeastern Oregon...

Midscale PV information provides an ideal framework for characterizing the

dynamic nature of plant succession and for explicitly recognizing the need to manage vegetation at a broad geographical scale. A midscale approach also results in

more congruence between inherent patterns of ecological site potential and native

disturbance regimes (Everett and Lehmkuhl 1999).

The midscale portion of the PV hierarchy has three levels: physiognomic

classes, potential vegetation groups (PVGs), and plant association groups (PAGs).

As PVTs (e.g., plant associations, plant community types, plant communities) are

aggregated to form PAGs, PVTs provide a link between the fine- and midscale

portions of the PV hierarchy (fig. 2).

Temperature-Moisture Approach

At a broad scale, PV varies along an environmental gradient reflecting the interaction of landform, topography, climate, geology, and other macro-scale factors

(Daubenmire 1968, 1976). At a fine scale, however, the environmental gradient is

controlled by site-level factors such as elevation, slope steepness and configuration

(convex, flat, concave), and slope direction (aspect) (Jensen et al. 1997).

In its simplest form, a midscale environmental gradient can be defined by using

two characteristics integrating environmental factors: temperature and moisture.

This classification framework relies on the premise that physiognomically dominant

species, such as those used to define a fine-scale hierarchical unit called the series

(see fig. 2), indicate a temperature gradient and that subordinate species, such as

shrubs and herbs found on the forest floor in a conifer-dominated community,

indicate a moisture gradient.

By using temperature and moisture as a classification framework, PVTs can be

arrayed in two-dimensional space, showing not only their relationship to relative

gradients of temperature and moisture but also to other PVTs found in the same

geographical area.

Physiognomic Classes

Although the temperature-moisture matrix approach is intuitively attractive, it is

difficult to adequately represent the vegetation diversity of the Blue Mountains and

other large landmasses in a single temperature-moisture matrix. After reaching that

conclusion, we refined the temperature-moisture approach for the Blue Mountains

section in a three-step process:
16

GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PNW-GTR-709

1. The vegetation was initially divided into three broad physiognomic classes:

forest, shrub, and herb (herb includes both grasses and forbs).3

 This division

was made to acknowledge that temperature and moisture gradients differ for

each class—what is considered warm in a forest setting differs from warm for

herb environments.

2. The initial division into three physiognomic classes resulted in too much variation to adequately meet midscale needs, particularly with respect to moisture.

Therefore, the initial classes were divided again to better represent their moisture variability. This step established upland and riparian variants for each of

the original classes: upland and riparian forest, upland and riparian shrub, and

upland and riparian herb.

3. A final division was made to separate a woodland physiognomic class (consisting of western juniper plant associations) from the remainder of the upland

forest physiognomic class. This division was made to explicitly recognize that

juniper woodlands represent important differences in vegetation structure and

function when compared with other PVTs having forest physiognomy.

This process resulted in establishment of seven physiognomic classes, each of

which has its own temperature-moisture matrix:

• Upland forest, upland woodland, upland shrub, and upland herb;

• Riparian forest, riparian shrub, and riparian herb.

Temperature-Moisture Matrix (Plant Association Groups)

By delineating multiple categories of temperature, and by doing the same for

moisture, a temperature-moisture matrix was developed for use with the physiognomic classes. This matrix framework was initially developed for a broad-scale

scientific assessment of the interior Columbia River basin and portions of the

Klamath and Great Basins; the matrices were used when characterizing biophysical

environments of the basin (Jensen et al. 1997, Reid et al. 1995).

The temperature-moisture matrix provides a convenient ecological framework

for aggregating fine-scale PVTs into what is termed plant association groups.4

 This

3 This stratification into three physiognomic classes was identical to the potential

vegetation classification framework developed for the interior Columbia River basin

scientific assessment (Jensen et al. 1997, Reid et al. 1995).

4

 Sometimes, plant association groups (PAGs) are assumed to be equivalent to

biophysical environments. This assumption is seldom true because the delineation criteria

for biophysical environments typically incorporate physical or abiotic factors such as

geology or geomorphology explicitly (Jensen et al. 1997), whereas PAGs are delineated

by using potential vegetation types only.

The temperaturemoisture matrix

provides a convenient ecological

framework for aggregating fine-scale

PVTs into what is

termed plant association groups.
17

Potential Vegetation Hierarchy for the Blue Mountains Section of Northeastern Oregon...

means that each cell in a temperature-moisture matrix represents a unique plant

association group. Plant association groups are the lowest level of the midscale

portion of the PV hierarchy established for the Blue Mountains section (fig. 2).

For the upland physiognomic classes, a 4-row by 4-column (16-cell) matrix

consisting of four categories of temperature (cold, cool, warm, hot) and 4 categories of moisture (wet, very moist, moist, dry) was adopted (table 1).5

Assignment of upland PVTs to physiognomic temperature-moisture matrices is

presented for the four upland physiognomic classes (table 2).

For the riparian physiognomic classes, three categories of soil moisture were

found to be more ecologically relevant than the four classes of ambient (site)

moisture used for the upland types (Manning and Engelking 1997). Therefore, the

riparian matrices used four categories of temperature (the same ones used for the

upland matrices) and three categories of soil moisture.

The three categories of riparian soil moisture were identical to the three

“riparian moisture phases” used when developing riparian PV settings for a broadscale scientific assessment of the interior Columbia River basin and portions of the

Klamath and Great Basins (Jensen et al. 1997, Manning and Engelking 1997).

For the riparian physiognomic classes, a 4-row by 3-column (12-cell) matrix

consisting of four categories of temperature (cold, cool, warm, hot) and three

categories of soil moisture (high, moderate, low) was adopted (table 3).

Table 1—A 16-cell matrix of temperature and moisture categories

Moisture

Temperature Wet Very moist Moist Dry

Cold Cold wet Cold very moist Cold moist Cold dry

Cool Cool wet Cool very moist Cool moist Cool dry

Warm Warm wet Warm very moist Warm moist Warm dry

Hot Hot wet Hot very moist Hot moist Hot dry

A 4 by 4 temperature-moisture matrix like the one shown here was used for the four physiognomic classes included in table 2: upland forest, upland woodland, upland shrub, and upland

herb. The fine-scale potential vegetation types occurring in an upland physiognomic class were

assigned to one, and only one, of the class’s matrix cells. Individual matrix cells (warm dry, cool

wet, etc.) are used as plant association groups in the midscale portion of the potential vegetation

hierarchy (fig. 2).

5

 The temperature and moisture categories are roughly analogous to soil temperature

and moisture regimes used for soil taxonomy and classification (Meurisse et al. 1991,

USDA NRCS 2003), but they are not directly comparable category to category. Soil

temperature and moisture regimes are defined by using criteria that incorporate timing

of moisture and temperature with respect to plant growing seasons.
18

GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PNW-GTR-709

Table 2–Potential vegetation groups (PVG), plant association groups (PAG), and potential vegetation type

(PVT) codes and common names for upland physiognomic classes

PVG PAG PVT code (PLANTS code) PVT common name

ABLA/MEFE subalpine fir/rusty menziesia

ABLA/RHAL2 subalpine fir/white rhododendron

ABLA-PIEN/LEGL subalpine fir-Engelmann spruce/Labrador tea

ABLA-PIEN/MEFE subalpine fir-Engelmann spruce/rusty menziesia

ABLA-PIEN/RHAL2 subalpine fir-Engelmann spruce/white rhododendron

ABLA-PIEN/SETR subalpine fir-Engelmann spruce/arrowleaf groundsel

ABGR/ARCO9 grand fir/heartleaf arnica

ABGR/VASC grand fir/grouse huckleberry

ABLA/CAGE2 subalpine fir/elk sedge

ABLA/FEVI subalpine fir/green fescue

ABLA/JUDR subalpine fir/Drummond’s rush

ABLA/JUPA (AVALANCHE) subalpine fir/Parry’s rush (avalanche)

ABLA/JUTE subalpine fir/slender rush

ABLA/POPH subalpine fir/alpine fleeceflower

ABLA/POPU3 subalpine fir/Jacob’s ladder

ABLA/STOC2 subalpine fir/western needlegrass

ABLA/VASC subalpine fir/grouse huckleberry

ABLA/VASC-PHEM subalpine fir/grouse huckleberry-pink mountainheath

ABLA/VASC/POPU3 subalpine fir/grouse huckleberry/Jacob’s ladder

ABLA-PIAL/ARAC2 subalpine fir-whitebark pine/prickly sandwort

ABLA-PIAL/CAGE2 subalpine fir-whitebark pine/elk sedge

ABLA-PIAL/FEVI subalpine fir-whitebark pine/green fescue

ABLA-PIAL/JUCO6 subalpine fir-whitebark pine/mountain juniper

ABLA-PIAL/JUCO6-ARNE subalpine fir-whitebark pine/mountain juniper-pinemat manzanita

ABLA-PIAL/JUDR subalpine fir-whitebark pine/Drummond’s rush

ABLA-PIAL/JUPA-STLE2 subalpine fir-whitebark pine/Parry’s rush-Lemmon’s needlegrass

ABLA-PIAL/POPH subalpine fir-whitebark pine/alpine fleeceflower

ABLA-PIAL/POPU3 subalpine fir-whitebark pine/Jacob’s ladder

ABLA-PIAL/RIMO2/POPU3 subalpine fir-whitebark pine/mountain gooseberry/Jacob’s ladder

ABLA-PIAL/VASC/ARAC2 subalpine fir-whitebark pine/grouse huckleberry/prickly sandwort

ABLA-PIAL/VASC/ARCO9 subalpine fir-whitebark pine/grouse huckleberry/heartleaf arnica

ABLA-PIAL/VASC/CARO5 subalpine fir-whitebark pine/grouse huckleberry/Ross’ sedge

ABLA-PIAL/VASC/FEVI* subalpine fir-whitebark pine/grouse huckleberry/green fescue

ABLA-PIAL/VASC/LECOW2 subalpine fir-whitebark pine/grouse huckleberry/Wallowa Lewisia

ABLA-PIAL/VASC/OREX subalpine fir-whitebark pine/grouse huckleberry/little ricegrass

ABLA-PIAL/VASC-PHEM* subalpine fir-whitebark pine/grouse huckleberry-pink mountainheath

ABLA-PIEN/LUHI4 subalpine fir-Engelmann spruce/smooth woodrush

ABLA-PIEN/POPU3 subalpine fir-Engelmann spruce/Jacob’s ladder

ABLA-PIEN/VASC-PHEM subalpine fir-Engelmann spruce/grouse huckleberry-pink mountainheath

PIAL/ARAC2 whitebark pine/prickly sandwort

PIAL/CAGE2 whitebark pine/elk sedge

PIAL/FEVI whitebark pine/green fescue

PIAL/JUCO6-ARNE whitebark pine/mountain juniper-pinemat manzanita

PIAL/LUAR3 whitebark pine/silvery lupine

PIAL/RIMO2/POPU3 whitebark pine/mountain gooseberry/Jacob’s ladder

PIAL/VASC/ARAC2 whitebark pine/grouse huckleberry/prickly sandwort

PIAL/VASC/ARCO9 whitebark pine/grouse huckleberry/heartleaf arnica

PIAL/VASC/LUHI4 whitebark pine/grouse huckleberry/smooth woodrush

PICO(ABGR)/VASC/CARU lodgepole pine(grand fir)/grouse huckleberry/pinegrass

Cold upland forest

Cold moist Cold dry
19

Potential Vegetation Hierarchy for the Blue Mountains Section of Northeastern Oregon...

Table 2–Potential vegetation groups (PVG), plant association groups (PAG), and potential vegetation type

(PVT) codes and common names for upland physiognomic classes (continued)

PVG PAG PVT code (PLANTS code) PVT common name

PICO(ABLA)/CAGE2 lodgepole pine(subalpine fir)/elk sedge

PICO(ABLA)/STOC2 lodgepole pine(subalpine fir)/western needlegrass

PICO(ABLA)/VASC lodgepole pine(subalpine fir)/grouse huckleberry

PICO(ABLA)/VASC/POPU3 lodgepole pine(subalpine fir)/grouse huckleberry/Jacob’s ladder

PIFL2/JUCO6 limber pine/mountain juniper

PSME/RIMO2/POPU3 Douglas-fir/mountain gooseberry/Jacob’s ladder

TSME/VAME mountain hemlock/big huckleberry

TSME/VASC mountain hemlock/grouse huckleberry

ABGR/COOC grand fir/goldthread

ABLA/ARNE/ARAC2 subalpine fir/pinemat manzanita/prickly sandwort

ABLA/CARU subalpine fir/pinegrass

ABLA/XETE subalpine fir/beargrass

ABLA-PIMO3/CHUM subalpine fir-western white pine/prince’s pine

PICO/CARU lodgepole pine/pinegrass

PICO(ABGR)/ARNE lodgepole pine(grand fir)/pinemat manzanita

PICO(ABGR)/CARU lodgepole pine(grand fir)/pinegrass

ABGR/TABR2/CLUN2* grand fir/Pacific yew/queencup beadlily

ABGR/TABR2/LIBO3 grand fir/Pacific yew/twinflower

ABLA/STAM2 subalpine fir/claspleaf twistedstalk

ABGR/GYDR grand fir/oakfern

ABGR/POMU-ASCA2 grand fir/swordfern-ginger

ABGR/TRCA grand fir/false bugbane

PICO(ABGR)/ALSI3 lodgepole pine(grand fir)/Sitka alder

POTR5/CAGE2 quaking aspen/elk sedge

ABGR/CLUN2 grand fir/queencup beadlily

ABGR/LIBO3* grand fir/twinflower

ABGR/VAME* grand fir/big huckleberry

ABGR/VASC-LIBO3 grand fir/grouse huckleberry-twinflower

ABGR-CHNO/VAME grand fir-Alaska yellow cedar/big huckleberry

ABLA/ARCO9* subalpine fir/heartleaf arnica

ABLA/CLUN2* subalpine fir/queencup beadlily

ABLA/LIBO3* subalpine fir/twinflower

ABLA/TRCA subalpine fir/false bugbane

ABLA/VAME* subalpine fir/big huckleberry

ABLA-PIEN/ARCO9 subalpine fir-Engelmann spruce/heartleaf arnica

ABLA-PIEN/CLUN2 subalpine fir-Engelmann spruce/queencup beadlily

ABLA-PIEN/LIBO3 subalpine fir-Engelmann spruce/twinflower

ABLA-PIEN/TRCA subalpine fir-Engelmann spruce/false bugbane

PICO(ABGR)/LIBO3 lodgepole pine(grand fir)/twinflower

PICO(ABGR)/VAME lodgepole pine(grand fir)/big huckleberry

PICO(ABGR)/VAME/CARU lodgepole pine(grand fir)/big huckleberry/pinegrass

PICO(ABGR)/VAME/PTAQ lodgepole pine(grand fir)/big huckleberry/bracken fern

PICO(ABGR)/VAME-LIBO3 lodgepole pine(grand fir)/big huckleberry-twinflower

PICO(ABLA)/VAME* lodgepole pine(subalpine fir)/big huckleberry

PICO(ABLA)/VAME/CARU lodgepole pine(subalpine fir)/big huckleberry/pinegrass

Cool dry

Moist upland forest

Cool

very moist

Cool moist Cool

wet

Cold upland forest

Cold dry
20

GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PNW-GTR-709

Table 2–Potential vegetation groups (PVG), plant association groups (PAG), and potential vegetation type

(PVT) codes and common names for upland physiognomic classes (continued)

PVG PAG PVT code (PLANTS code) PVT common name

ABGR/ACGL* grand fir/Rocky Mountain maple

ABGR/ACGL-PHMA5 grand fir/Rocky Mountain maple-mallow ninebark

ABGR/BRVU grand fir/Columbia brome

PSME/ACGL-PHMA5 Douglas-fir/Rocky Mountain maple-mallow ninebark

PSME/ACGL-SYOR2 Douglas-fir/Rocky Mountain maple-mountain snowberry

PSME/HODI Douglas-fir/oceanspray

ABGR/CAGE2 grand fir/elk sedge

ABGR/CARU* grand fir/pinegrass

ABGR/SPBE2* grand fir/birchleaf spiraea

JUSC2/CELE3 Rocky Mountain juniper/mountain mahogany

PIPO/CAGE2 ponderosa pine/elk sedge

PIPO/CARU ponderosa pine/pinegrass

PIPO/CELE3/CAGE2 ponderosa pine/mountain mahogany/elk sedge

PIPO/PUTR2/CAGE2 ponderosa pine/bitterbrush/elk sedge

PIPO/PUTR2/CARO5 ponderosa pine/bitterbrush/Ross’ sedge

PIPO/SPBE2 ponderosa pine/birchleaf spiraea

PIPO/SYAL* ponderosa pine/common snowberry

PIPO/SYOR2 ponderosa pine/mountain snowberry

PSME/ARNE/CAGE2 Douglas-fir/pinemat manzanita/elk sedge

PSME/CAGE2 Douglas-fir/elk sedge

PSME/CARU* Douglas-fir/pinegrass

PSME/CELE3/CAGE2 Douglas-fir/mountain mahogany/elk sedge

PSME/PHMA5 Douglas-fir/mallow ninebark

PSME/SPBE2 Douglas-fir/birchleaf spiraea

PSME/SYAL* Douglas-fir/common snowberry

PSME/SYOR2* Douglas-fir/mountain snowberry

PSME/SYOR2/CAGE2 Douglas-fir/mountain snowberry/elk sedge

PSME/VAME* Douglas-fir/big huckleberry

PSME-PIPO-JUOC/FEID Douglas-fir-ponderosa pine-western juniper/Idaho fescue

PIPO/ARAR8 ponderosa pine/low sagebrush

PIPO/AGSP* ponderosa pine/bluebunch wheatgrass

PIPO/ARTRV/CAGE2 ponderosa pine/mountain big sagebrush/elk sedge

PIPO/ARTRV/FEID-AGSP ponderosa pine/mountain big sagebrush/Idaho fescue-bluebunch wheatgrass

PIPO/CELE3/FEID-AGSP ponderosa pine/mountain mahogany/Idaho fescue-bluebunch wheatgrass

PIPO/CELE3/PONEW ponderosa pine/mountain mahogany/Wheeler’s bluegrass

PIPO/FEID* ponderosa pine/Idaho fescue

PIPO/PERA4 ponderosa pine/squaw apple

PIPO/PUTR2/AGSP ponderosa pine/bitterbrush/bluebunch wheatgrass

PIPO/PUTR2/AGSP-POSA12 ponderosa pine/bitterbrush/bluebunch wheatgrass-Sandberg’s bluegrass

PIPO/PUTR2/FEID-AGSP ponderosa pine/bitterbrush/Idaho fescue-bluebunch wheatgrass

PIPO/RHGL ponderosa pine/smooth sumac

PIPO-JUOC/CELE3-SYOR2 ponderosa pine-western juniper/mountain mahogany-mountain snowberry

Warm

very

moist

Warm

moist Warm dry

Dry upland forest

Hot

moist Hot dry

Moist upland forest
21

Potential Vegetation Hierarchy for the Blue Mountains Section of Northeastern Oregon...

Table 2–Potential vegetation groups (PVG), plant association groups (PAG), and potential vegetation type

(PVT) codes and common names for upland physiognomic classes (continued)

PVG PAG PVT code (PLANTS code) PVT common name

JUOC/ARTRV/FEID-AGSP western juniper/mountain big sagebrush/Idaho fescue-bluebunch wheatgrass

JUOC/CELE3/CAGE2 western juniper/mountain mahogany/elk sedge

JUOC/CELE3/FEID-AGSP western juniper/mountain mahogany/Idaho fescue-bluebunch wheatgrass

JUOC/FEID-AGSP western juniper/Idaho fescue-bluebunch wheatgrass

JUOC/PUTR2/FEID-AGSP western juniper/bitterbrush/Idaho fescue-bluebunch wheatgrass

JUOC/AGSP western juniper/bluebunch wheatgrass

JUOC/ARAR8 western juniper/low sagebrush

JUOC/ARAR8/FEID western juniper/low sagebrush/Idaho fescue

JUOC/ARRI2* western juniper/stiff sagebrush

ALSI3 Sitka alder snow slides

ARTRV/CAGE2 mountain big sagebrush/elk sedge

ARTRV/CAHO5 mountain big sagebrush/Hood’s sedge

ARTRV/FEVI mountain big sagebrush/green fescue

ARTRV/ERFL4-PHLOX mountain big sagebrush/golden buckwheat-phlox

ARTRV/LINU4 mountain big sagebrush/linanthus

ARTRV/STOC2 mountain big sagebrush/western needlegrass

POFR4 shrubby cinquefoil

ARAR8/FEID-AGSP low sagebrush/Idaho fescue-bluebunch wheatgrass

ARTRV/BRCA5 mountain big sagebrush/mountain brome

ARTRV/CAGE2 (MONTANE) mountain big sagebrush/elk sedge (montane)

ARTRV/ELCI2 mountain big sagebrush/basin wildrye

ARTRV/FEID-AGSP mountain big sagebrush/Idaho fescue-bluebunch wheatgrass

ARTRV/FEID-KOCR mountain big sagebrush/Idaho fescue-prairie junegrass

ARTRV-PERA4 mountain big sagebrush-squaw apple

ARTRV-SYOR2 mountain big sagebrush-mountain snowberry

ARTRV-SYOR2/BRCA5 mountain big sagebrush-mountain snowberry/mountain brome

CELE3/CAGE2* mountain mahogany/elk sedge

CELE3/FEID-AGSP mountain mahogany/Idaho fescue-bluebunch wheatgrass

CELE3-PUTR2/AGSP mountain mahogany-bitterbrush/bluebunch wheatgrass

CEVE snowbrush ceanothus

JUCO6 mountain juniper

PHMA5-SYAL* mallow ninebark-common snowberry

POFR4/FEID shrubby cinquefoil/Idaho fescue

PREM bitter cherry

PUTR2/FEID-AGSP bitterbrush/Idaho fescue-bluebunch wheatgrass

PUTR2-ARTRV/FEID bitterbrush-mountain big sagebrush/Idaho fescue

PUTR2-ARTRV/FEID-AGSP bitterbrush-mountain big sagebrush/Idaho fescue-bluebunch wheatgrass

SYAL common snowberry

SYAL/FEID-AGSP-LUSE4 common snowberry/Idaho fescue-bluebunch wheatgrass-silky lupine

SYAL/FEID-KOCR common snowberry/Idaho fescue-prairie junegrass

SYAL-ROSA5 common snowberry-rose

SYOR2 mountain snowberry

Hot moist Hot dry

Moist upland

woodland

Dry upland

woodland Cold upland shrub

Cold

very

moist

Cold

moist

Cool

dry

Coolmoist Warm moist

Moist upland shrub
22

GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PNW-GTR-709

Table 2–Potential vegetation groups (PVG), plant association groups (PAG), and potential vegetation type

(PVT) codes and common names for upland physiognomic classes (continued)

PVG PAG PVT code (PLANTS code) PVT common name

PHLE4 (TALUS) syringa-bordered talus strips

ARTRV-PUTR2/FEID mountain big sagebrush-bitterbrush/Idaho fescue

CERE2/AGSP netleaf hackberry/bluebunch wheatgrass

PERA4-SYOR2 squaw apple-mountain snowberry

PUTR2/AGSP bitterbrush/bluebunch wheatgrass

ARAR8/AGSP low sagebrush/bluebunch wheatgrass

ARAR8/POSA12 low sagebrush/Sandberg’s bluegrass

ARRI2/PEGA stiff sagebrush/Gairdner’s penstemon

ARRI2/POSA12 (SCAB) stiff sagebrush/Sandberg’s bluegrass (scabland)

ARTR4/POSA12-DAUN threetip sagebrush/Sandberg’s bluegrass-onespike oatgrass

ARTRV/AGSP-POSA12 mountain big sagebrush/bluebunch wheatgrass-Sandberg’s bluegrass

BERE/AGSP-APAN2 creeping Oregongrape/bluebunch wheatgrass-spreading dogbane

CELE3 mountain mahogany

CELE3/AGSP mountain mahogany/bluebunch wheatgrass

CELE3/PONEW mountain mahogany/Wheeler’s bluegrass

PUTR2/ERDO bitterbrush/Douglas’ buckwheat

GLSPA/AGSP spiny greasebush/bluebunch wheatgrass

RHGL/AGSP smooth sumac/bluebunch wheatgrass

FEID (ALPINE) Idaho fescue (alpine)

FEVI green fescue

FEVI-AGCA2 green fescue-bearded wheatgrass

FEVI-CAHO5 green fescue-Hood’s sedge

FEVI-CARO5 green fescue-Ross’ sedge

FEVI-CASC12 green fescue-Holm’s Rocky Mountain sedge

FEVI-LICA2 green fescue-Canby’s lovageCold dry

FEVI-LULA3 green fescue-spurred lupine

FEVI-PENST green fescue-penstemon

FEVI-STOC2 green fescue-western needlegrass

POPH (CORNICES) alpine fleeceflower (cornices)

POPH-FEVI alpine fleeceflower-green fescue

CAGE2-CARU elk sedge-pinegrass

CAGE2-FEID elk sedge-Idaho fescue

CAGE2-JUPA elk sedge-Parry’s rush

CAGE2-PHAU3 elk sedge-desert phlox

CAGE2-POCU elk sedge-Cusick’s bluegrass

CAGE2-STOC2 elk sedge-western needlegrass

CAREX-STOC2 alpine sedges-western needlegrass

FELLFIELD fellfield

FESC-FEID rough fescue-Idaho fescue

FEVI-JUPA green fescue-Parry’s rush

GRUS grus

Hot

very

moist

Hot

moist

Dry upland shrub

Warm dry

Hot

dry

Cold upland herb

Cold dry Cold moist

Moist upland

shrub
23

Potential Vegetation Hierarchy for the Blue Mountains Section of Northeastern Oregon...

Table 2–Potential vegetation groups (PVG), plant association groups (PAG), and potential vegetation type

(PVT) codes and common names for upland physiognomic classes (continued)

PVG PAG PVT code (PLANTS code) PVT common name

JUPA-AGGL Parry’s rush-pale agoseris

PHLOX-CYTEF phlox-cymopterus

PHLOX-IVGO phlox-Ivesia

ROCK OUTCROP rock outcrop

SCREE scree

TURF turf

CAHO5 Hood’s sedge

CAHO5-BRCA5* Hood’s sedge-mountain brome

CAHO5-CAGE2 Hood’s sedge-elk sedge

FEID-AGSP-FRALC2 Idaho fescue-bluebunch wheatgrass-Cusick’s frasera

FEID-GETR Idaho fescue-red avens

FEID-KOCR* Idaho fescue-prairie junegrass

FEID-PESP2 Idaho fescue-Wallowa penstemon

LEPY2-MAGL2 pygmy Lewisia-cluster tarweed

LINU4-ARLO6 Nuttall’s linanthus-longleaf arnica

POPR (DEGEN BENCH) Kentucky bluegrass (degenerated bench)

PTAQ-CAHO5 bracken fern-Hood’s sedge

RUOC2-MAGL2 western coneflower-cluster tarweed

STOC2 western needlegrass

CAHO5-POGL9 Hood’s sedge-sticky cinquefoil

ERFL4-PECO golden buckwheat-coiled lousewort

LINU4-ARLU linanthus-mountain mugwort

LINU4-CYTEF linanthus-cymopterus

MOOD mountain balm

POPH-AGUR-LINU4 alpine fleeceflower-horsemint-linanthus

POPH-CAGE2-LINU4 alpine fleeceflower-elk sedge-linanthus

POPH-CARU-CAGE2 alpine fleeceflower-pinegrass-elk sedge

CACU2 (SEEP) Cusick’s camas (seep)

FEID-DAIN-CAPE7 Idaho fescue-timber oatgrass-Liddon’s sedge

AGSP-BRCA5 bluebunch wheatgrass-mountain brome

FEID-AGSP* Idaho fescue-bluebunch wheatgrass

FEID-AGSP-BASA3 Idaho fescue-bluebunch wheatgrass-arrowleaf balsamroot

FEID-AGSP-LUPIN Idaho fescue-bluebunch wheatgrass-lupine

FEID-AGSP-PHCO10 Idaho fescue-bluebunch wheatgrass-Snake River phlox

FEID-AGSP-PHLOX Idaho fescue-bluebunch wheatgrass-phlox

FEID-CAGE2 Idaho fescue-elk sedge

FEID-CAHO5 Idaho fescue-Hood’s sedge

FEID-KOCR (LOW) Idaho fescue-prairie junegrass (low elevation)

ELCI2 basin wildrye

DAUN-LOLE2 onespike oatgrass-slenderfruit lomatium

Cool dry

Moist upland herb

Warm

very

 moist

Warm moist Hot very

moist

Hot

moist

Cool moist Cold dry

Cold upland herb
24

GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PNW-GTR-709

Table 2–Potential vegetation groups (PVG), plant association groups (PAG), and potential vegetation type

(PVT) codes and common names for upland physiognomic classes (continued)

PVG PAG PVT code (PLANTS code) PVT common name

FEID-AGSP-CYTEF Idaho fescue-bluebunch wheatgrass-cymopterus

FEID-AGSP-PONEW Idaho fescue-bluebunch wheatgrass-Wheeler’s bluegrass

FEID-DAUN Idaho fescue-onespike oatgrass

MEBU-STOC2 oniongrass-western needlegrass

POSA12-SELA Sandberg’s bluegrass-lanceleaf stonecrop

STOC2-SIHY (ALPINE) western needlegrass-squirreltail (alpine)

AGSP-CYTEF bluebunch wheatgrass-cymopterus

AGSP-ERHE2 bluebunch wheatgrass-Wyeth’s buckwheat

AGSP-ERUM bluebunch wheatgrass-sulphurflower buckwheat

AGSP-POSA12* bluebunch wheatgrass-Sandberg’s bluegrass

AGSP-POSA12-APAN2 bluebunch wheatgrass-Sandberg’s bluegrass-spreading dogbane

AGSP-POSA12-ASCU5 bluebunch wheatgrass-Sandberg’s bluegrass-Cusick’s milkvetch

AGSP-POSA12-ASRE5 bluebunch wheatgrass-Sandberg’s bluegrass-Blue Mountain milkvetch

AGSP-POSA12-BASA3 bluebunch wheatgrass-Sandberg’s bluegrass-arrowleaf balsamroot

AGSP-POSA12-DAUN bluebunch wheatgrass-Sandberg’s bluegrass-onespike oatgrass

AGSP-POSA12-ERHE2 bluebunch wheatgrass-Sandberg’s bluegrass-creamy buckwheat

AGSP-POSA12-ERPU2 bluebunch wheatgrass-Sandberg’s bluegrass-shaggy fleabane

AGSP-POSA12-LUPIN bluebunch wheatgrass-Sandberg’s bluegrass-lupine

AGSP-POSA12-OPPO bluebunch wheatgrass-Sandberg’s bluegrass-pricklypear

AGSP-POSA12-PHCO10 bluebunch wheatgrass-Sandberg’s bluegrass-Snake River phlox

AGSP-POSA12-SCAN3 bluebunch wheatgrass-Sandberg’s bluegrass-narrowleaf skullcap

AGSP-POSA12-TRMA3 bluebunch wheatgrass-Sandberg’s bluegrass-bighead clover

AGSP-SPCR-ARLO3 bluebunch wheatgrass-sand dropseed-red threeawn

ERDO-POSA12 Douglas’ buckwheat-Sandberg’s bluegrass

ERIOG/PHOR2 buckwheat/Oregon bladderpod

ERST4-POSA12 strict buckwheat/Sandberg’s bluegrass

ERUM (RIDGE) sulphurflower (ridge)

LECOW2 (RIM) Wallowa Lewisia (rim)

POBU-MAGL2 bulbous bluegrass-cluster tarweed

POSA12-DAUN Sandberg’s bluegrass-onespike oatgrass

SPCR (TERRACE) sand dropseed (terrace)

* The PVT has been described for more than one of the Blue Mountains potential vegetation classifications (Crowe and Clausnitzer

1997, Johnson 2004, Johnson and Clausnitzer 1992, Johnson and Simon 1987, Johnson and Swanson 2005, and Wells 2006) and is

listed more than once in appendix tables 8 and 9 (each listing has a different ecoclass code). Hot dry Warm dry Dry upland herb
25

Potential Vegetation Hierarchy for the Blue Mountains Section of Northeastern Oregon...

Assignment of riparian PVTs to physiognomic temperature-moisture matrices

is presented for the three riparian forest physiognomic classes (table 4).

Potential Vegetation Groups

Potential vegetation information was used extensively during the interior Columbia

River basin scientific assessment (Quigley and Arbelbide 1997, Quigley et al.

1996). When analyzing such a large area, however, it was found that the level of

detail associated with PAGs (e.g., temperature-moisture matrix cells) was at too

fine a scale for examining trends across a large assessment area containing portions

of seven Western States. Therefore, PAGs were aggregated into a higher level

taxonomic unit called potential vegetation groups (PVGs) (Jensen et al. 1997).

For the Blue Mountains section, PVGs are the middle level of the midscale

portion of the PV hierarchy (fig. 2). Two or three PVGs were established for each

of the seven physiognomic classes. Potential vegetation groups are named for a

predominant or controlling temperature or moisture relationship (table 5).

The midscale portion of the PV hierarchy is described in tables 2 and 4; each

table shows fine-scale PVTs organized by physiognomic class, PVT aggregations

into PAGs (PVTs grouped into temperature-moisture cells), and PAG aggregations

into PVGs.

Summary statistics for both portions of the PV hierarchy (e.g., fine-scale and

midscale) are presented in table 6.

The appendix shows how 507 fine-scale PVTs described for the Blue MounTable 3—A 12-cell matrix of temperature and soil moisture categories

Soil moisture (SM)

Temperature High Moderate Low

Cold Cold high SM Cold moderate SM Cold low SM

Cool Cool high SM Cool moderate SM Cool low SM

Warm Warm high SM Warm moderate SM Warm low SM

Hot Hot high SM Hot moderate SM Hot low SM

A 4 by 3 temperature-moisture matrix like the one shown here was used for the three

physiognomic classes included in table 4: riparian forest, riparian shrub, and riparian herb.

The fine-scale potential vegetation types occurring in a riparian physiognomic class were

assigned to one, and only one, of the class’s matrix cells. Individual matrix cells (cool low

SM, etc.) are used as plant association groups in the midscale portion of the potential

vegetation hierarchy (fig. 2). Potential vegetation

groups are named

for a predominant

or controlling temperature or moisture

relationship.
26

GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PNW-GTR-709

Table 4–Potential vegetation groups (PVG), plant association groups (PAG), and potential vegetation type (PVT)

codes and common names for riparian physiognomic classes

PVG PAG PVT code (PLANTS code) PVT common name

ABLA/ATFI subalpine fir/ladyfern

ABLA/CAAQ subalpine fir/aquatic sedge

ABLA/CADI6 subalpine fir/softleaf sedge

ABLA/SETR subalpine fir/arrowleaf groundsel

ABLA/VAUL/CASC12 subalpine fir/bog blueberry/Holm’s Rocky Mountain sedge

ABLA-PIEN/LEGL (FLOODPLAIN) subalpine fir/Engelmann spruce/Labrador tea (floodplain)

PICO/CAAQ lodgepole pine/aquatic sedge

PICO/CASC12 lodgepole pine/Holm’s Rocky Mountain sedge

PIEN/ATFI Engelmann spruce/ladyfern

PIEN/CADI6 Engelmann spruce/softleaf sedge

PIEN/SETR Engelmann spruce/arrowleaf groundsel

PIEN-ABLA/CASC12 Engelmann spruce-subalpine fir/Holm’s Rocky Mountain sedge

PIEN-ABLA/SETR Engelmann spruce-subalpine fir/arrowleaf groundsel

ABLA/CACA4 subalpine fir/bluejoint reedgrass

ABLA/VAME (FLOODPLAIN) subalpine fir/big huckleberry (floodplain)

ABLA-PIEN/MEFE (FLOODPLAIN) subalpine fir-Engelmann spruce (floodplain)

PICO/ALIN2/MESIC FORB lodgepole pine/mountain alder/mesic forb

PICO/CACA4 lodgepole pine/bluejoint reedgrass

PICO/CALA30 lodgepole pine/woolly sedge

PICO/DECE lodgepole pine/tufted hairgrass

PIEN/CILA2 Engelmann spruce/drooping woodreed

PIEN/COST4 Engelmann spruce/red osier dogwood

PIEN/EQAR Engelmann spruce/common horsetail

PICO/POPR lodgepole pine/Kentucky bluegrass

PIEN/BRVU Engelmann spruce/Columbia brome

ABGR/ATFI grand fir/ladyfern

ABGR/CALA30 grand fir/woolly sedge

ABGR/CRDO2/CADE9 grand fir/black hawthorn/Dewey’s sedge

ABGR/TABR2/LIBO3 (FLOODPLAIN) grand fir/Pacific yew/twinflower (floodplain)

ALRU2/ATFI red alder/ladyfern

POTR5/CAAQ quaking aspen/aquatic sedge

ABGR/ACGL (FLOODPLAIN) grand fir/Rocky Mountain maple (floodplain)

ALRU2 (ALLUVIAL BAR) red alder (alluvial bar)

ALRU2/COST4 red alder/red osier dogwood

ALRU2/PEFRP red alder/sweet coltsfoot

ALRU2/PHCA11 red alder/Pacific ninebark

ALRU2/SYAL red alder/common snowberry

ALRU2/SYAL/CADE9 red alder/common snowberry/Dewey’s sedge

PIMO3/DECE western white pine/tufted hairgrass

POTR5/ALIN2-COST4 quaking aspen/mountain alder-red osier dogwood

POTR5/ALIN2-SYAL quaking aspen/mountain alder-common snowberry

POTR5/CACA4 quaking aspen/bluejoint reedgrass

POTR5/CALA30 quaking aspen/woolly sedge

POTR5/MESIC FORB quaking aspen/mesic forb

POTR15/ACGL black cottonwood/Rocky Mountain maple

POTR15/ALIN2-COST4 black cottonwood/mountain alder-red osier dogwood

PSME/ACGL-PHMA5 (FLOODPLAIN) Douglas-fir/Rocky Mountain maple-ninebark (floodplain)

PSME/TRCA Douglas-fir/false bugbane

Cold high soil moisture (SM)

Cold riparian forest

Cold moderate SM

Cold

low SM

Warm

high SM Warm moderate SM

Warm riparian forest
27

Potential Vegetation Hierarchy for the Blue Mountains Section of Northeastern Oregon...

Table 4–Potential vegetation groups (PVG), plant association groups (PAG), and potential vegetation type (PVT) codes and

common names for riparian physiognomic classes (continued)

PVG PAG PVT code (PLANTS code) PVT common name

ALRH2/MESIC SHRUB white alder/mesic shrub

ALRH2/RUBUS white alder/blackberry

PIPO/CRDO2 ponderosa pine/black hawthorn

POTR15/SALA5 black cottonwood/Pacific willow

POTR5/SYAL quaking aspen/common snowberry

POTR15/SYAL* black cottonwood/common snowberry

ABGR/SYAL (FLOODPLAIN) grand fir/common snowberry (floodplain)

PSME/SYAL (FLOODPLAIN) Douglas-fir/common snowberry (floodplain)

PIPO/POPR ponderosa pine/Kentucky bluegrass

PIPO/SYAL (FLOODPLAIN) ponderosa pine/common snowberry (floodplain)

POTR5/POPR quaking aspen/Kentucky bluegrass

KAMI/CANI2 alpine laurel/black alpine sedge

SAAR27 arctic willow

SABO2/CASC12 Booth’s willow/Holm’s Rocky Mountain sedge

SABO2/CAVE6 Booth’s willow/inflated sedge

SACO2/CAPR5 undergreen willow/clustered field sedge

SACO2/CASC12 undergreen willow/Holm’s Rocky Mountain sedge

SACO2/CAUT undergreen willow/bladder sedge

SADR/SETR Drummond’s willow/arrowleaf groundsel

SAFA/ALVA Farr’s willow/Pacific onion

LEGL/CASC12 Labrador tea/Holm’s Rocky Mountain sedge

PHEM (MOUNDS) pink mountainheath (mounds)

POFR4-BEGL shrubby cinquefoil-bog birch

SALIX/CAAQ willow/aquatic sedge

SALIX/CACA4 willow/bluejoint reedgrass

ALIN2/ATFI mountain alder/ladyfern

ALIN2/CAAM10 mountain alder/bigleaf sedge

ALIN2/CAAQ mountain alder/aquatic sedge

ALIN2/CAUT mountain alder/bladder sedge

ALIN2/GLEL mountain alder/tall mannagrass

ALIN2/SCMI2 mountain alder/smallfruit bulrush

ALSI3/ATFI Sitka alder/ladyfern

ALSI3/CILA2 Sitka alder/drooping woodreed

BEOC2/WET SEDGE water birch/wet sedge

COST4/ATFI red osier dogwood/ladyfern

COST4/SAAR13 Red osier dogwood/brook saxifrage

RIBES/CILA2 currants/drooping woodreed

RIBES/GLEL currants/tall mannagrass

SAEA-SATW/CAAQ Eastwood willow-Tweedy willow/aquatic sedge

SALIX/CAUT willow/bladder sedge

SASI2/EQAR Sitka willow/common horsetail

Hot

moderate SM

Warm

low SM

Low SM

riparian forest

Hot

low SM Cold high SM

Cold riparian shrub

Cold

moderate

SM

Cool

high

SM

Cool

moderate

SM

Warm riparian shrub

Warm high SM

Warm riparian

forest
28

GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PNW-GTR-709

Table 4–Potential vegetation groups (PVG), plant association groups (PAG), and potential vegetation type (PVT)

codes and common names for riparian physiognomic classes (continued)

PVG PAG PVT code (PLANTS code) PVT common name

ALIN2/CACA4 mountain alder/bluejoint reedgrass

ALIN2/CADE9 mountain alder/Dewey’s sedge

ALIN2/CALA30 mountain alder/woolly sedge

ALIN2/CALEL mountain alder/densely tufted sedge

ALIN2/EQAR mountain alder/common horsetail

ALIN2/GYDR mountain alder/oakfern

ALIN2/HELA4 mountain alder/common cowparsnip

ALIN2-COST4/MESIC FORB mountain alder-red osier dogwood/mesic forb

ALIN2-RIBES/MESIC FORB mountain alder-currants/mesic forb

ALSI3/MESIC FORB Sitka alder/mesic forb

BEOC2/MESIC FORB water birch/mesic forb

BEOC2/PHAR3 water birch/reed canarygrass

COST4 red osier dogwood

LOIN5/ATFI twinberry honeysuckle/ladyfern

POFR4/DECE shrubby cinquefoil/tufted hairgrass

RHAL/MESIC FORB alderleaf buckthorn/mesic forb

RIBES/MESIC FORB currants/mesic forb

SAEX coyote willow

SALE/MESIC FORB Lemmon’s willow/mesic forb

SALIX/CALA30 willow/woolly sedge

SALIX/MESIC FORB willow/mesic forb

ARCA13/DECE silver sagebrush/tufted hairgrass

RUDI2 Himalayan blackberry

RUPA thimbleberry

SARI2 rigid willow

SYAL (FLOODPLAIN) common snowberry (floodplain)

ALIN2/CALU7 mountain alder/woodrush sedge

ALIN2/POPR mountain alder/Kentucky bluegrass

ALIN2-SYAL mountain alder-common snowberry

PHCA11 Pacific ninebark

POFR4/POPR shrubby cinquefoil/Kentucky bluegrass

SALIX/POPR willow/Kentucky bluegrass

SASC/ELGL Scouler’s willow/blue wildrye

ACGL Rocky Mountain maple

AMAL2 western serviceberry

ARCA13/POCU3 silver sagebrush/Cusick’s bluegrass

ARCA13/POPR silver sagebrush/Kentucky bluegrass

ARTRV/POCU3 mountain big sagebrush/Cusick’s bluegrass

CERE2/BROMU netleaf hackberry/brome

CRDO2/MESIC FORB black hawthorn/mesic forb

PHLE4/MESIC FORB Lewis’ mockorange/mesic forb

RUBA Barton’s raspberry

Warm moderate SM

Hot

moderate SM

Warm riparian shrubs Low SM riparian shrub

Warm low SM Hot low SM
29

Potential Vegetation Hierarchy for the Blue Mountains Section of Northeastern Oregon...

Table 4–Potential vegetation groups (PVG), plant association groups (PAG), and potential vegetation type (PVT)

codes and common names for riparian physiognomic classes (continued)

PVG PAG PVT code (PLANTS code) PVT common name

ALVA Pacific onion

ALVA-CASC12 Pacific onion-Holm’s Rocky Mountain sedge

CAEU2 widefruit sedge

CALA13 smoothstemmed sedge

CALE9 Sierra hare sedge

CALI7 mud sedge

CALU7 woodrush sedge

CAPR5 clustered field sedge

CASC10-SAAR13 northern singlespike sedge-brook saxifrage

CASC12 Holm’s Rocky Mountain sedge

CILA2 drooping woodreed

ELBE delicate spikerush

ELPA6 fewflowered spikerush

SPAN2 narrowleaf bur-reed

CANI2 black alpine sedge

CAAQ aquatic sedge

CAUT bladder sedge

CAVE6 inflated sedge

NUPO2 Rocky Mountain pondlily

SETR-MILE2 arrowleaf groundsel-purple monkeyflower

CACA4 bluejoint reedgrass

DECE tufted hairgrass

ADPE maidenhair fern

CAAM10 bigleaf sedge

CACU5 Cusick’s sedge

CALA11 slender sedge

CASI2 shortbeaked sedge

CAST5 sawbeak sedge

GLEL tall mannagrass

METR3 buckbean

PUPA3 weak alkaligrass

SAAR13 brook saxifrage

SCMI2 smallfruit bulrush

SETR arrowleaf groundsel

VEAM2 American speedwell

Cold high SM

Cold riparian herb

Cold

moderate

SM

Cool

high SM

Cool

moderate

SM

Warm riparian herb

Warm high SM
30

GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PNW-GTR-709

Table 4–Potential vegetation groups (PVG), plant association groups (PAG), and potential vegetation type (PVT)

codes and common names for riparian physiognomic classes (continued)

PVG PAG PVT code (PLANTS code) PVT common name

CACA11 silvery sedge

CAJO Jones’ sedge

CALA30 woolly sedge

CALE8 lakeshore sedge

CAMI7 smallwing sedge

CAMU7 star sedge

CANE2 Nebraska sedge

CASU6 brown sedge

EQAR common horsetail

HELA4-ELGL common cowparsnip/blue wildrye

JUBA Baltic rush

RUOC2 western coneflower

VERAT* false hellebore

CANU5 torrent sedge

ELPA3 creeping spikerush

TYLA common cattail

CASH Sheldon’s sedge

AGDI thin bentgrass

ALPR3 meadow foxtail

ARLU white sagebrush

POPR (DRY MEADOW) Kentucky bluegrass (dry meadow)

Note that PVT codes followed by an asterisk denote instances where a PVT has been described for more than one of the Blue

Mountains potential vegetation classifications (Crowe and Clausnitzer 1997, Johnson 2004, Johnson and Clausnitzer 1992, Johnson

and Simon 1987, Johnson and Swanson 2005, and Wells 2006) and are listed more than once in appendix tables 8 and 9 (each listing

has a different ecoclass code). Hot moderate SM Low SM riparian herb Warm moderate SM Hot high SM Warm low SM Warm riparian herb
31

Potential Vegetation Hierarchy for the Blue Mountains Section of Northeastern Oregon...

Table 5–Potential vegetation groups associated with seven physiognomic classes for

the Blue Mountains section

Physiognomic class

Upland Upland Upland Upland Riparian Riparian Riparian

forest shrub herb woodland forest shrub herb

Cold Cold Cold Cold Cold Cold

upland upland upland riparian riparian riparian

forest shrub herb forest shrub herb

Moist Moist Moist Moist Warm Warm Warm

upland upland upland upland riparian riparian riparian

forest shrub herb woodland forest shrub herb

Dry Dry Dry Dry Low SM Low SM Low SM

upland upland upland upland riparian riparian riparian

forest shrub herb woodland forest shrub herb

SM = soil moisture.

Table 6—Summary statistics pertaining to the mid- and fine-scale portions of the

potential vegetation hierarchy for the Blue Mountains section

Potential vegetation unit Potential units a Actual units b

Midscale hierarchical units

Physiognomic classes 8 7

Potential vegetation groups 21 20

Plant association groups 100 58

Fine-scale hierarchical units

Series NA d

Potential vegetation types c: NA 507

Phases NA d

a

 Total number of possible units when based on the classification framework used to develop

the midscale portion of the potential vegetation hierarchy (see fig. 2); NA (not applicable) is

shown for the fine-scale portion of the hierarchy because at that scale, the number of potential

units is a function of vegetation occurrence (i.e., vegetation habitat as determined by biophysical environments) rather than the classification framework itself.

b

 The number of hierarchical units actually established for the Blue Mountains section. When

the “actual units” value is less than the “potential units” value, it means that one or more

framework entities (cells in a temperature-moisture matrix, for example) were empty or not

used for the Blue Mountains section.

c

 In the context of this report, “potential vegetation types” refers to three taxonomic units

described in fine-scale potential vegetation classifications for the Blue Mountains section (plant

associations, plant community types, and plant communities as described in Crowe and

Clausnitzer 1997, Johnson 2004, Johnson and Clausnitzer 1992, Johnson and Simon 1987,

Johnson and Swanson 2005, and Wells 2006).

d

 Neither series nor phases were used for the fine-scale portion of the Blue Mountains potential

vegetation hierarchy.
32

GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PNW-GTR-709

tains section (Crowe and Clausnitzer 1997, Johnson 2004, Johnson and Clausnitzer

1992, Johnson and Simon 1987, Johnson and Swanson 2005, Wells 2006) were

assigned to midscale hierarchical units (PAGs and PVGs). Appendix table 8 organizes this information by PVT code; appendix table 9 organizes it by ecoclass code

(Hall 1998, as supplemented).

Step-Down Process for Developing Midscale Hierarchical Units

The interior Columbia River basin scientific assessment area contains all or part of

7 terrestrial ecological provinces and 23 sections (Jensen et al. 1997); the process

described below was used to step the broad-scale PV framework down to the

hierarchical level of a single section (section M332G, the “Blue Mountains,” in

province M332, middle Rocky Mountain steppe–coniferous forest–alpine meadow)

(Bailey 1995, 1998; Cleland et al. 1997; McNab and Avers 1994).

The step-down process was used to develop the physiognomic classes, PVGs

and PAGs described in the previous section and shown in tables 2 and 4.

1. During preparation of an ecosystem components assessment for the interior

Columbia River basin assessment area (Quigley and Arbelbide 1997), each

upland PVT described for the Blue Mountains section was assigned to one of

four temperature-moisture matrices: upland forest, upland woodland, upland

shrub, and upland herb (Reid et al. 1995). The matrices were selected to reflect

vegetation physiognomy or life form differences.

2. A Umatilla National Forest PV working group reviewed the upland

temperature-moisture matrices developed for the Blue Mountains section and

decided to adopt the matrix cells as PAGs (Powell 1998).

3. Eventually, all three Blue Mountains national forests (Malheur, Umatilla, and

Wallowa-Whitman) agreed to adopt the temperature-moisture matrix approach

as a PV framework for meeting midscale assessment needs (USDA Forest

Service 2002).

4. The three Blue Mountains national forests then decided how PAGs

(temperature-moisture matrix cells) would be aggregated to form the middle

level of the midscale portion of the PV hierarchy, PVGs.

5. A Blue Mountains PV working group made initial PVT assignments for

the riparian matrices (forest, shrub, herb). For the interior Columbia River

basin assessment effort, riparian PVTs had been assigned to a riparian PAG

by using three criteria: membership in, or a linkage to, an upland matrix;

physiognomy (life form); and riparian moisture phase (low, moderate, or high)

(Manning and Engelking 1997). This approach was conceptually inconsistent

A step-down process was used to

develop the physiognomic classes,

PVGs and PAGs.
33

Potential Vegetation Hierarchy for the Blue Mountains Section of Northeastern Oregon...

with how the upland matrices had been developed, so the Blue Mountains

group decided to use the temperature categories adopted for the upland

matrices (cold, cool, warm, hot) and to characterize moisture by using the

riparian moisture phases (low, moderate, high) from the interior Columbia

River basin riparian classification framework (Manning and Engelking 1997).

6. The final result of this process was two classification frameworks: a 4 by 4

temperature-moisture matrix used for each of four upland physiognomic classes

(table 1), and a 4 by 3 temperature-soil moisture matrix used for each of three

riparian physiognomic classes (table 3).

7. After the preliminary results of this process were documented (Powell 1998,

USDA Forest Service 2002), the PV hierarchy began to be used for a variety of

midscale purposes:

• The PAGs or PVGs are used as biophysical environments when

conducting historical range of variability analyses comparing an area’s

existing and historical proportions of forest structure classes (Blackwood

1998, O’Hara et al. 1996, USDA Forest Service 1995).

• When revising the Land and Resource Management Plans for the Blue

Mountains section, PAGs or PVGs were used for ecological stratification (USDA Forest Service 2002) during characterization of terrestrial

and aquatic environments, and when modeling disturbance processes

with the Vegetation Dynamics Development Tool (Beukema et al. 2003).

• The PAGs were used when deriving fire regimes (table 7) and

biophysical settings, a prerequisite before characterizing an area’s

departure from its historical composition, structure, stand age, canopy

cover, and patch configuration (Brown et al. 2004, Franklin and Agee

2003). The degree to which current vegetation conditions depart from

historical conditions is referred to as the “fire regime condition class”

descriptor (Hann et al. 2005, Morgan et al. 1996, Schmidt et al. 2002).

Concerns About Subjectivity

The matrix approach is based on a relative ranking of the temperature and moisture

status represented by each fine-scale PVT. Because the rankings are relative, there

may be a tendency to perceive overlap in the temperature-moisture relationships

between PVTs, particularly for closely related types. For this reason, it may be

difficult to decide which matrix cell is the best fit for types whose temperature or

moisture relationships seem too broad to fit a single category.

A perception of temperature or moisture overlap is not surprising and occurs
34

GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PNW-GTR-709

Table 7–Relationship between plant association groups

and fire regimes for the Blue Mountains section

Plant association groupa Fire regimeb

Cold dry UF 3, 4

Cold dry UH 5

Cold high SM RF 4

Cold high SM RH 4

Cold high SM RS 4

Cold low SM RF 4

Cold moderate SM RF 4

Cold moist UF 4

Cold moist UH 4

Cold moist US 4

Cold very moist US 5

Cool dry UF 3, 4

Cool dry UH 4

Cool dry US 3

Cool moderate SM RH 4

Cool high SM RH 4

Cool moist UF 3, 4

Cool moist UH 2

Cool moist US 4

Cool very moist UF 4

Cool wet UF 4

Hot dry UF 1

Hot dry UH 2

Hot dry US 2

Hot dry UW 3

Hot high SM RH 4

Hot low SM RF 1

Hot low SM RS 1

Hot moderate SM RF 1

Hot moderate SM RH 3

Hot moderate SM RS 3

Hot moist UF 1

Hot moist UH 3

Hot moist US 3

Hot moist UW 3

Hot very moist UH 2

Hot very moist US 2

Warm dry UF 1

Warm dry UH 2

Warm dry US 2

Warm high SM RF 4

Warm high SM RH 4

Warm high SM RS 4

Warm low SM RF 1

Warm low SM RH 2

Warm low SM RS 4
35

Potential Vegetation Hierarchy for the Blue Mountains Section of Northeastern Oregon...

frequently with ecological classification systems involving some element of interpretation or subjectivity. In some instances, the temperature or moisture overlap

may be ecologically valid, in which case the zone of overlap can be thought of as

an ecotone.

In many instances, however, perceived overlap in temperature or moisture

relationships reflects differences of opinion about which portion of the environmental gradient is represented by a particular PVT (and its diagnostic indicator

plants). For example, one practitioner might believe that the PSME/HODI plant

association should be assigned to the “warm dry” temperature-moisture matrix cell,

whereas another believes it best fits the “warm moist” cell.

Practitioners have different ecological experience and education, and these

differences influence their perceptions about the temperature and moisture status of

PVTs. This means that some difference of opinion about the environmental indicator status of PVTs is expected.

Even though the classification framework described in this report relies on

interpretation (including some element of subjectivity), we believe the temperaturemoisture matrix approach best reflects our current understanding of environmental

gradients while also providing a conceptually sound process for establishing

midscale taxonomic units of PV.

Table 7–Relationship between plant association groups

and fire regimes for the Blue Mountains section

(continued)

Plant association groupa Fire regimeb

Warm moderate SM RF 4

Warm moderate SM RH 4

Warm moderate SM RS 4

Warm moist UF 3

Warm moist UH 2

Warm moist US 2, 3

Warm very moist UF 3

Warm very moist UH 2

a

 Plant association group is the lowest level of the midscale

portion of the potential vegetation hierarchy (fig. 2). Plant

association group composition is described in tables 2 and 4.

b

 Fire regimes characterize the historical fire frequency and

severity under which plant communities evolved (Franklin

and Agee 2003, Morgan et al. 1996). Fire regimes, which are

classified into five categories (Schmidt et al. 2002), are defined in

the glossary.
36

GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PNW-GTR-709

Glossary

abiotic—Nonliving components of the environment that are not currently part of

living organisms, such as soils, rocks, water, air, light, and nutrients (Dunster and

Dunster 1996).

aquatic—Waters of the United States, including wetlands, that serve as habitat for

interrelated and interacting communities and populations of plants and animals

(Maxwell et al. 1995).

biophysical environment—Landscape-level unit of vegetation composition and

structure, with its associated environmental gradients and processes of change

(Quigley and Arbelbide 1997).

biotic—Any living component of an ecosystem, including plants and animals and

other organisms (Dunster and Dunster 1996); an entity distinct from abiotic physical and chemical components (Allaby 1998).

classification—The process of grouping similar entities together into named types

or classes based on shared characteristics, or the grouping of similar types according to criteria that are considered significant for this purpose (Winthers et al.

2005).

climax—The culminating seral stage in plant succession for any given site where,

in the absence of high-severity disturbances, the vegetation has reached a highly

stable condition and undergoes change very slowly (Dunster and Dunster 1996). A

self-replacing community that is relatively stable over several generations of the

dominant plant species, or very persistent in comparison to other seral stages

(Kimmins 1997).

coniferous—Trees bearing cones and commonly having needle-shaped leaves

usually retained throughout the year; conifers are adapted to moisture deficiency

caused by frozen ground or soils that are not moisture retentive (Bailey 1998).

ecological amplitude—The degree to which an organism can tolerate variations in

environmental conditions (Dunster and Dunster 1996).

ecological type—A category of land or water having a unique and mappable combination of biotic and abiotic elements differing from other ecological types in its

ability to produce vegetation and respond to management practices (Maxwell et al.

1995, Winthers et al. 2005).
37

Potential Vegetation Hierarchy for the Blue Mountains Section of Northeastern Oregon...

ecological unit—A mapped terrestrial or aquatic unit comprising one or more

ecological types, and designed to identify land and water areas at different levels

of resolution (Maxwell et al. 1995). Map units designed to identify land and water

areas at different levels of resolution based on similar capabilities and potentials for

response to management and natural disturbance (Winthers et al. 2005).

ecology—The science studying the relationships among living things and their

environment (Botkin 1990). This term was first coined in 1866 by Ernst Haeckel

(Stauffer 1957). The major theme throughout the history of ecology and the

concepts forming its foundation has been the interdependence of living things. An

awareness, more philosophical than purely scientific, of this quality is what has

generally been meant by an “ecological point of view” (Worster 1996).

ecosystem—A set of interacting species and their local, nonbiological environment,

functioning together to sustain life (Botkin 1990). A.G. Tansley first used this term

in 1935 to describe a discrete unit consisting of living and nonliving components,

interacting to form a stable system (Tansley 1935).

existing vegetation—The plant cover, or floristic composition and vegetation

structure, occurring at a given location at the current time (Winthers et al. 2005).

fire regime—A characterization of the historical combination of fire frequency and

fire severity under which plant communities evolved and were maintained (Schmidt

et al. 2002). Five fire regimes are currently recognized:

fire regime 1 (I): 0- to 35-year fire frequency; low fire severity on dominant

overstory vegetation.

fire regime 2 (II): 0- to 35-year fire frequency; stand-replacement fire severity

on dominant overstory vegetation.

fire regime 3 (III): 35- to 100+ year fire frequency; mixed fire severity on

dominant overstory vegetation.

fire regime 4 (IV): 35- to 100+ year fire frequency; stand-replacement fire

severity on dominant overstory vegetation.

fire regime 5 (V): 200+ year fire frequency; stand-replacement fire severity on

dominant overstory vegetation.

forb—Any broad-leaved, herbaceous plant other than grasses, sedges, and rushes

(Helms 1998).

forb land—Land areas of sufficient size to be delineated as a mapping unit where

the predominant vegetation life form consists of forbs.
38

GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PNW-GTR-709

forest—An ecosystem characterized by more or less dense and extensive tree cover,

often consisting of stands varying in characteristics such as species composition,

structure, age class and associated processes, and commonly including meadows,

streams, fish, and wildlife (Helms 1998).

forest land—Land areas of sufficient size to be delineated as a mapping unit and at

least 10 percent stocked by forest trees of any size, including land that formerly

had such tree cover and will be naturally or artificially regenerated to trees (Helms

1998).

forest ecology—An understanding of the basic functional and physiological

processes of forest ecosystems in order to sustain a wide range of forest conditions

and values desired by society (Kimmins 1997).

graminoid—All grasses (Poaceae) and grass-like plants, including sedges

(Cyperaceae) and rushes (Juncaceae) (Patterson et al. 1985).

grassland—Land areas of sufficient size to be delineated as a mapping unit where

the predominant vegetation life form consists of graminoids.

habitat type—A basic ecological unit for classifying lands based on potential

vegetation (Pfister and Arno 1980). It represents, collectively, all parts of the

landscape that support, or have the capability to support, the same plant association

(Alexander 1985). In effect, habitat types are mapping or land classification units;

plant associations are their descriptors or taxonomic labels.

herb land—Land areas of sufficient size to be delineated as a mapping unit where

the predominant vegetation life form consists of herbs (a combination of forbs and

graminoids).

indicator plant—Plant species conveying information about the ecological nature

of a site, such as the nitrogen content of its soil and soil alkalinity or acidity. These

plant species have a sufficiently consistent association with a specific environmental

condition or with other species such that their presence can be used to indicate or

predict the environmental condition or the potential for the other species (Kimmins

1997).

life form—The structure, form, habits, and life history of an organism. In plants,

characteristic life forms such as forest (trees), shrubs, and herbs (forbs/graminoids)

are based on morphological features (physiognomy or predominant stature) that

tend to be associated with different environments (Allaby 1998).
39

Potential Vegetation Hierarchy for the Blue Mountains Section of Northeastern Oregon...

map unit—A collection of features defined and named the same in terms of a

unifying theme; each map unit differs in some respect from all others within a

geographic extent (Winthers et al. 2005).

phase—A taxonomic unit in a potential vegetation classification system; the lowest

level in the fine-scale portion of the potential vegetation hierarchy (fig. 2). A phase

represents minor environmental differences within a plant association or habitat

type (Pfister and Arno 1980). A phase is named for an indicator plant species, such

as the mallow ninebark phase of the grand fir/mountain maple habitat type in

central Idaho (Steele et al. 1981).

physiognomy—The growth form and structure (habit) of vegetation in natural

communities (Allaby 1998, Dunster and Dunster 1996). The characteristic feature

or appearance of a plant community or vegetation (Winthers et al. 2005).

physiognomic class—Taxonomic categories or hierarchical units based on vegetation of similar physiognomy or life form, such as the upland forest, upland shrub

and riparian herb physiognomic classes. Physiognomic class is the highest level in

the midscale portion of the Blue Mountains potential vegetation hierarchy (fig. 2).

plant association—A taxonomic unit in a potential vegetation classification system

(Pfister and Arno 1980). A plant association consists of plant communities with

similar physiognomy (form and structure) and floristics; commonly it is a climax

community (Allaby 1998). It is believed that (1) the individual species in the

association are, to some extent, adapted to each other; (2) the association is made

up of species that have similar environmental requirements; and (3) the association

has some degree of integration (Kimmins 1997). Plant association is one of three

taxonomic units included in the middle level of the fine-scale portion of the Blue

Mountains potential vegetation hierarchy (this middle level is called potential

vegetation type; fig. 2).

plant association group (PAG)—Groupings of plant associations (and other

taxonomic units classified as potential vegetation types; fig. 2) representing similar

ecological environments as characterized by temperature and moisture regimes.

Plant association group is the lowest level in the midscale portion of the Blue

Mountains potential vegetation hierarchy (fig. 2).
40

GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PNW-GTR-709

plant community—In a potential vegetation classification context, a plant community has no particular successional status. Generally, plant communities represent

vegetation types with a restricted geographical distribution or they have such a

small number of sample plots that it is not possible to infer their true successional

status (Johnson and Clausnitzer 1992). Plant community is one of three taxonomic

units included in the middle level of the fine-scale portion of the Blue Mountains

potential vegetation hierarchy (this middle level is called potential vegetation type;

fig. 2).

plant community type—In a potential vegetation classification context, plant

community type is a taxonomic unit with no particular successional status implied

(Dunster and Dunster 1996). Plant community type is one of three taxonomic units

included in the middle level of the fine-scale portion of the Blue Mountains potential vegetation hierarchy (this middle level is called potential vegetation type;

fig. 2).

plant succession—The process by which a series of different plant communities,

and their associated animals and microbes, successively occupy and replace each

other over time in a particular ecosystem or landscape location following a disturbance event (Kimmins 1997). Succession refers to the process of development of an

ecosystem over time (Botkin 1990).

potential natural community (PNC)—The community of plants that would

become established if all successional sequences were completed, without interference by people, under existing environmental conditions. Existing environmental

conditions includes the current climate and eroded or damaged soils (Hall et al.

1995).

potential vegetation (PV)—The vegetation that would likely develop on a given

site if all successional sequences were completed without human influence under

present site conditions (USDA Forest Service 1996).

potential vegetation group (PVG)—An aggregation of plant association groups

(PAGs) with similar environmental regimes and dominant plant species. Each

aggregation (PVG) typically includes PAGs representing a predominant temperature or moisture influence (Powell 2000). Potential vegetation group is the middle

level of the midscale portion of the Blue Mountains potential vegetation hierarchy

(fig. 2).
41

Potential Vegetation Hierarchy for the Blue Mountains Section of Northeastern Oregon...

potential vegetation type (PVT)—In the context of this report, a potential

vegetation type is any taxonomic unit (except series) described in fine-scale potential vegetation classifications for the Blue Mountains section (e.g., Crowe and

Clausnitzer 1997, Johnson 2004, Johnson and Clausnitzer 1992, Johnson and Simon

1987, Johnson and Swanson 2005, Wells 2006); PVT includes plant associations,

plant community types, and plant communities. Potential vegetation type is the

middle level of the fine-scale portion of the Blue Mountains potential vegetation

hierarchy (fig. 2).

province—In the context of this report, a province is one of eight levels in the

national hierarchical framework of terrestrial ecological units. Provinces are

climatic subzones controlled primarily by such continental weather patterns as

length of dry season and duration of cold temperatures. Provinces are also characterized by similar soil orders. Provinces are typically named by using a binomial

system consisting of a geographical location and vegetation type: Bering tundra,

California dry steppe, and middle Rocky Mountain steppe–coniferous forest–alpine

meadow (Cleland et al. 1997, McNab and Avers 1994).

riparian—Related to, living near, or located in conjunction with a wetland; on the

bank of a river or stream but also at the edge of a lake or tidewater. A riparian

plant community significantly influences, and is significantly influenced by, the

neighboring body of water (Helms 1998).

section—In the context of this report, a section is one of eight levels in the national

hierarchical framework of terrestrial ecological units. Sections are broad areas of

similar geomorphic process, stratigraphy, geologic origin, drainage networks,

topography, and regional climate. Section names generally describe the predominant physiographic feature upon which the ecological unit delineation is based,

such as Flint Hills, Appalachian piedmont, and Blue Mountains (Cleland et al.

1997, McNab and Avers 1994).

seral stage—The identifiable stages in the development of a sere, from an initial

pioneer stage, through various early-seral and midseral stages, to late-seral, subclimax, and climax stages. The stages are characterized by different plant communities, different ages of the dominant vegetation, and by different microclimatic, soil,

and forest conditions (Kimmins 1997). Hall et al. (1995) described four seral

stages:

early seral: clear dominance of seral species (such as western larch, ponderosa

pine, and lodgepole pine); potential natural community (PNC) species are

absent or present in very low numbers.
42

GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PNW-GTR-709

mid seral: PNC species are increasing in the forest composition as a result of

their active colonization of the site; PNC species are approaching equal

proportions with seral species.

late seral: PNC species are now dominant, although long-lived seral species

(such as ponderosa pine and western larch) may still persist in the plant

community.

potential natural community: the biotic community that one presumes would

be established and maintained over time under present environmental conditions (climax); early-seral species are scarce or absent in the plant composition.

series—A taxonomic unit in a potential vegetation classification system. A series

represents major environmental differences as reflected by a physiognomically

dominant plant species at climax. A forest series is named for the projected climax

tree species—the grand fir series includes every plant association where grand fir is

presumed to be the dominant tree species at climax (Pfister and Arno 1980). Series

is the highest level of the fine-scale portion of the Blue Mountains potential vegetation hierarchy (fig. 2).

shrub land—Land areas of sufficient size to be delineated as a mapping unit where

the predominant vegetation life form consists of shrubs.

steppe—Open herbaceous vegetation, less than 1 meter high, with the tufts or

plants discrete, yet sufficiently close together to dominate the landscape (Bailey

1998).

structure class (stage)—A stage or recognizable condition relating to the physical

orientation and arrangement of vegetation; the size and arrangement (both vertical

and horizontal) of trees and tree parts (O’Hara et al. 1996, Oliver and Larson

1996).

successional stage—A stage or recognizable condition of a plant community

occurring during its development from bare ground to climax; coniferous forests in

the Blue Mountains progress through six recognized stages: grass-forb, shrubseedling, pole-sapling, young, mature, and old growth (Thomas 1979).

taxonomic unit—The basic set of classes or types making up a classification; in

this document, potential vegetation taxonomic units are presented in figure 2.
43

Potential Vegetation Hierarchy for the Blue Mountains Section of Northeastern Oregon...

union—A group of plant species used to represent a particular ecological environment or microclimatic condition; a union typically consists of species that are

similar in life form, phenology, or stature (Sampson 1939). The union includes a

fraction of the total floristic composition for a vegetation type—only the combination of species that is useful for vegetation classification purposes is designated as a

union (Daubenmire 1968).

upland—Land that generally has a higher elevation than an adjacent alluvial plain,

stream terrace, or riparian zone; or land above the foothill zone for a mountainous

continuum (Dunster and Dunster 1996).

zonal—Areas of soil and vegetation largely controlled by the prevailing regional

climate. Here climate, not exceptional landforms or rock types, determines the

nature of soils and its associated vegetation (Kruckeberg 2002).

Species List

This list provides codes (symbols) and scientific names for plants mentioned in

the text or in tables and figures. The Pacific Northwest Region (R6) codes and

scientific names provided in the first two columns were taken from published potential vegetation classifications for the Blue Mountains section (e.g., Crowe and

Clausnitzer 1997, Johnson 2004, Johnson and Clausnitzer 1992, Johnson and Simon

1987, Johnson and Swanson 2005, Wells 2006).

Nomenclature for scientific plant names was revised when the U.S. Department of Agriculture adopted a national taxonomy called the PLANTS database.

The third column provides the PLANTS database code for each of the plant species

(USDA NRCS 2004). For plants whose nomenclature recently changed in the

PLANTS database, the suggested synonym and synonym code is also provided as

the fourth and fifth columns in the species list.
44

GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PNW-GTR-709 R6 PLANTS Synonym code Scientific name code PLANTS synonym code ABGR Abies grandis (Dougl.) Lindl. ABGR ABLA2 Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. ABLA ACGL Acer glabrum Torr. ACGL ADPE Adiantum pedatum L. ADPE AGCA Agropyron caninum (L.) Beauv. AGCA2 Elymus caninus (L.) L. ELCA11 AGDI Agrostis diegoensis Vasey AGDI Agrostis pallens Trin. AGPA8 AGGL Agoseris glauca (Pursh) Raf. AGGL AGSP Agropyron spicatum (Pursh) Scrib. & Smith AGSP Pseudoroegneria spicata spicata (Pursh) A. Löve PSSPS AGUR Agastache urticifolia Kuntze AGUR ALIN Alnus incana (L.) Moench ALIN2 ALPR Alopecurus pratensis L. ALPR3 ALRH Alnus rhombifolia Nutt. ALRH2

ALRU Alnus rubra Bong. ALRU2ALSI Alnus sinuata (Regel) Rydb. ALSI3 Alnus viridis sinuata (Regel) A. & D. Löve ALVIS

ALVA Allium validum Wats. ALVAAMAL Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt. AMAL2APAN Apocynum androsaemifolium L. APAN2

ARAC2 Arenaria aculeata Wats. ARAC2

ARAR Artemisia arbuscula Nutt. ARAR8ARCA Artemisia cana Pursh ARCA13

ARCO Arnica cordifolia Hook. ARCO9

ARLO3 Aristida longiseta Stevc. ARLO3 Aristida purpurea longiseta (Steud.) Vasey ARPUL

ARLO Arnica longifolia D.C. Eat. ARLO6

ARLU Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt. ARLU

ARNE Arctostaphylos nevadensis Gray ARNE

ARRI Artemisia rigida (Nutt.) Gray ARRI2ARTR2 Artemisia tripartita Rydb. ARTR4ARTRV Artemisia tridentata vaseyana (Rydb.) Beetle ARTRVASCA3 Asarum caudatum Lindl. ASCA2

ASCU4 Astragalus cusickii cusickii Gray ASCUC2

ASRE Astragalus reventus Gray ASRE5ATFI Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth. ATFIBASA Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt. BASA3

BEGL Betula glandulosa Michx. BEGLBEOC Betula occidentalis Hook. BEOC2

BERE Berberis repens Lindl. BERE Mahonia repens (Lindl.) G. Don MARE11

BRCA Bromus carinatus H. & A. BRCA5
45

Potential Vegetation Hierarchy for the Blue Mountains Section of Northeastern Oregon...

R6 PLANTS Synonymcode Scientific name code PLANTS synonym codeBROMU Bromus L. BROMU

BRVU Bromus vulgaris (Hook.) Shear BRVU

CAAM Carex amplifolia Boott CAAM10CAAQ Carex aquatilis Wahl. CAAQ

CACA4 Carex canescens L. CACA11

CACA Calamagrostis canadensis (Michx.) Beauv. CACA4CACU Camassia cusickii Wats. CACU2CACU2 Carex cusickii Mack. CACU5CADE Carex deweyana Schw. CADE9CADI Carex disperma Dewey CADI6CAEU Carex eurycarpa Holm. CAEU2 Carex angustata Boott CAAN15

CAGE Carex geyeri Boott CAGE2

CAHO Carex hoodii Boott CAHO5

CAJO Carex jonesii L. H. Bailey CAJO

CALA4 Carex lasiocarpa Ehrh. CALA11

CALA Carex laeviculmis Meinsh. CALA13CALA3 Carex lanuginosa Michx. CALA30 Carex pellita Muhl. ex Willd. CAPE42

CALE5 Carex lenticularis Michx. CALE8

CALE3 Carex leporinella Mack. CALE9

CALEL2 Carex lenticularis lenticularis Michx. CALELCALI Carex limosa L. CALI7

CALU Carex luzulina Olney CALU7CAMI Carex microptera Mack. CAMI7CAMU2 Carex muricata L. CAMU7

CANE Carex nebrascensis Dewey CANE2CANI2 Carex nigricans C.A. Mey. CANI2CANU4 Carex nudata Boott CANU5CAPE Carex petasata Dewey CAPE7CAPR5 Carex praegracilis Boott CAPR5

CAREX Carex L. CAREXCARO Carex rossii Boott CARO5CARU Calamagrostis rubescens Buckl. CARU

CASC3 Carex scirpoidea Michx. CASC10CASC5 Carex scopulorum Holm CASC12CASH Carex sheldonii Mackenzie CASHCASI2 Carex simulata Mack. CASI2CAST Carex stipata Muhl. CAST5CASU4 Carex subfusca Boott CASU6
46

GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PNW-GTR-709 R6 PLANTS Synonym code Scientific name code PLANTS synonym code CAUT Carex utriculata Boott CAUT CAVE Carex vesicaria L. CAVE6 CELE Cercocarpus ledifolius Nutt. CELE3 CERE2 Celtis reticulata Torr. CERE2 Celtis laevigata reticulata (Torr.) L. Benson CELAR CEVE Ceanothus velutinus Dougl. ex Hook. CEVE CHNO Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D.Don) Spach CHNO Cupressus nootkatensis D. Don CUNO CHUM Chimaphila umbellata (L.) Bart. CHUM CILA2 Cinna latifolia (Trevir.) Griseb. CILA2 CLUN Clintonia uniflora (Schult.) Kunth CLUN2 COOC2 Coptis occidentalis (Nutt.) T. & G. COOC COST Cornus stolonifera Michx. COST4 Cornus sericea sericea L. COSES CRDO Crataegus douglasii Lindl. CRDO2

CYTEF Cymopterus terebinthinus foeniculaceus CYTEF Pteryxia terebinthina foeniculacea (Nutt. ex PTTEF

(T. & G.) Cronq. T. & G.) Mathias

DAIN Danthonia intermedia Vasey DAINDAUN Danthonia unispicata (Thurb.) Munro ex Macoun DAUN

DECE Deschampsia cespitosa (L.) Beauv. DECE Deschampsia caespitosa (L.) Beauv. DECA18

ELBE Eleocharis bella (Piper) Svenson ELBE

ELCI Elymus cinereus Scribn. & Smith ELCI2 Leymus cinereus (Scribn. & Merr.) A. Löve LECI4

ELGL Elymus glaucus Buckl. ELGLELPA Eleocharis palustris (L.) R. & S. ELPA3

ELPA2 Eleocharis pauciflora (Lightf.) Link ELPA6 Eleocharis quinqueflora (F.X. Hartmann) Schwarz ELQU2

EQAR Equisetum arvense L. EQAR

ERDO Eriogonum douglasii Benth. ERDO

ERFL Eriogonum flavum Nutt. ERFL4

ERHE Eriogonum heracleoides Nutt. ERHE2ERIOG Eriogonum L. ERIOG

ERPU Erigeron pumilus Nutt. ERPU2

ERST2 Eriogonum strictum Benth. ERST4ERUM Eriogonum umbellatum Torr. ERUMFEID Festuca idahoensis Elmer FEIDFESC Festuca scabrella Torr. ex Hook. [var. major Vasey] FESCM Festuca campestris Rydb. FECA4

FEVI Festuca viridula Vasey FEVIFRALC Frasera albicaulis cusickii C.L. Hitchc. FRALC2GETR Geum triflorum Pursh GETRGLEL Glyceria elata (Nash ex Rydb.) M.E. Jones GLEL Glyceria striata (Lam.) A.S. Hitchc. GLSTGLNE Glossopetalon nevadense Gray GLNE Glossopetalon spinescens aridum M.E. Jones GLSPAGYDR Gymnocarpium dryopteris (L.) Newm. GYDR
47

Potential Vegetation Hierarchy for the Blue Mountains Section of Northeastern Oregon...

R6 PLANTS Synonymcode Scientific name code PLANTS synonym codeHELA Heracleum lanatum Michx. HELA4 Heracleum maximum Bartr. HEMA80

HODI Holodiscus discolor (Pursh) Maxim. HODIIVGO Ivesia gordonii (Hook.) T. & G. IVGO

JUBA Juncus balticus Willd. JUBA Juncus arcticus littoralis (Engelm.) Hultén JUARL

JUCO4 Juniperus communis L. JUCO6JUDR Juncus drummondii E. Mey. JUDR

JUOC Juniperus occidentalis Hook. JUOC

JUPA Juncus parryi Engelm. JUPA

JUSC Juniperus scopulorum Sarg. JUSC2JUTE Juncus tenuis Willd. JUTEKAMI Kalmia microphylla (Hook.) Heller KAMI

KOCR Koeleria cristata Pers. KOCR Koeleria macrantha (Ledeb.) J.A. Schultes KOMA

LECOW Lewisia columbiana wallowensis C.L. Hitchc. LECOW2 Lewisia columbiana wallowensis C.L. Hitchc. LECOWLEGL Ledum glandulosum Nutt. LEGLLEPY Lewisia pygmaea (Gray) Robins. LEPY2LIBO2 Linnaea borealis L. LIBO3

LICA2 Ligusticum canbyi Coult. & Rose LICA2

LINU Linanthastrum nuttallii (Gray) Ewan LINU4 Leptosiphon nuttallii nuttallii (Gray) J.M. Porter LENUN

& L.A. Johnson

LOIN Lonicera involucrata (Rich.) Banks ex Spreng. LOIN5

LOLE Lomatium leptocarpum (T. & G.) Coult. & Rose LOLE2 Lomatium bicolor leptocarpum (Torr. LOBIL

& Gray) Schlessman

LUAR3 Lupinus argenteus Pursh LUAR3

LUHI Luzula hitchcockii Hämet-Ahti LUHI4 Luzula glabrata hitchcockii (Hämet-Ahti) Dorn LUGLH

LULA2 Lupinus laxiflorus Dougl. ex Lindl. LULA3 Lupinus argenteus laxiflorus (Dougl. ex Lindl.) LUARL5

Dorn

LUPIN Lupinus L. LUPINLUSE Lupinus sericeus Pursh LUSE4MAGL Madia glomerata Hook. MAGL2MEBU Melica bulbosa Geyer ex Porter & Coult. MEBUMEFE Menziesia ferruginea Smith MEFEMETR Menyanthes trifoliata L. METR3MILE Mimulus lewisii Pursh MILE2

MOOD Monardella odoratissima Benth. MOODNUPO Nuphar polysepala Engelm. NUPO2 Nuphar lutea polysepala (Engelm.) E.O. Beal NULUPOPPO Opuntia polyacantha Haw. OPPOOREX Oryzopsis exigua Thurb. OREX Piptatherum exiguum (Thurb.) Dorn PIEX3PECO Pedicularis contorta Benth. PECO
48

GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PNW-GTR-709 R6 PLANTS Synonym code Scientific name code PLANTS synonym code PEFRP Petasites frigidus palmatus (Ait.) Cronq. PEFRP PEGA Penstemon gairdneri Hook. PEGA PENST Penstemon Schmidel PENST PERA3 Peraphyllum ramosissimum Nutt. PERA4 PESP2 Penstemon spatulatus Pennell PESP2 PHAR Phalaris arundinacea L. PHAR3 PHAU Phlox austromontana Cov. PHAU3 PHCA3 Physocarpus capitatus (Pursh) Kuntze PHCA11 PHCO2 Phlox colubrina Wherry & Constance PHCO10 PHEM Phyllodoce empetriformis (Sm.) D. Don PHEM PHLE2 Philadelphus lewisii Pursh PHLE4 PHLOX Phlox L. PHLOX

PHMA Physocarpus malvaceus (Greene) Kuntze PHMA5PHOR Physaria oregona S. Wats. PHOR2PIAL Pinus albicaulis Engelm. PIALPICO Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. PICO

PIEN Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm. PIENPIFL Pinus flexilis James PIFL2PIMO Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don PIMO3

PIPO Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Loud. PIPOPOBU Poa bulbosa L. POBUPOCU Poa cusickii Vasey POCU3POFR Potentilla fruticosa L. POFR4 Dasiphora fruticosa floribunda (Pursh) Kartesz DAFRFPOGL Potentilla glandulosa Lindl. POGL9POMU Polystichum munitum (Kaulf.) Presl. POMUPONEW Poa nervosa wheeleri (Vasey) C.L. Hitchc. PONEW Poa wheeleri Vasey POWH2

POPH Polygonum phytolaccifolium Meisn. ex Small POPHPOPR Poa pratensis L. POPRPOPU Polemonium pulcherrimum Hook. POPU3POSA3 Poa sandbergii Vasey POSA12 Poa secunda J. Presl POSE

POTR2 Populus trichocarpa T. & G. ex Hook. POTR15 Populus balsamifera trichocarpa POBAT

(T. & G. ex Hook.) Brayshaw

POTR Populus tremuloides Michx. POTR5PREM Prunus emarginata (Dougl.) Walpers PREM

PSME Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco PSMEPTAQ Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn PTAQPUPA Puccinellia pauciflora (J. Presl.) Munz PUPA3 Torreyochloa pallida pauciflora (J. Presl) J.I. Davis TOPAP3

PUTR Purshia tridentata (Pursh) DC. PUTR2
49

Potential Vegetation Hierarchy for the Blue Mountains Section of Northeastern Oregon...

R6 PLANTS Synonymcode Scientific name code PLANTS synonym codeRHAL2 Rhamnus alnifolia L’Hér RHAL

RHAL Rhododendron albiflorum Hook. RHAL2

RHGL Rhus glabra L. RHGL

RIBES Ribes L. RIBESRIMO Ribes montigenum McClatchie RIMO2ROSA Rosa L. ROSA5

RUBA Rubus bartonianus Peck RUBARUBUS Rubus L. RUBUSRUDI Rubus discolor Weihe & Nees RUDI2 Rubus armeniacus Focke RUAR9

RUOC Rudbeckia occidentalis Nutt. RUOC2RUPA Rubus parviflorus Nutt. RUPASAAR4 Saxifraga arguta D. Don SAAR13 Saxifraga odontoloma Piper SAOD2

SAAR5 Salix arctica Pall. SAAR27SABO2 Salix boothii Dorn SABO2SACO2 Salix commutata Bebb. SACO2SADR Salix drummondiana Barratt SADR

SAEA Salix eastwoodiae Cockerell ex Heller SAEASAEX Salix exigua Nutt. SAEXSAFA Salix farriae Ball SAFA

SALA2 Salix lasiandra Benth. SALA5 Salix lucida lasiandra (Benth.) E. Murr. SALUL

SALE Salix lemmonii Bebb. SALESALIX Salix L. SALIXSARI Salix rigida Muhl. [mackenzieana (Hook.) Cronq.] SARIM4 Salix prolixa Anderss. SAPR3SASC Salix scouleriana Barratt SASCSASI2 Salix sitchensis Sanson SASI2

SATW Salix tweedyi (Bebb.) Ball SATWSCAN Scutellaria angustifolia Pursh SCAN3

SCMI Scirpus microcarpus Presl. SCMI2SELA2 Sedum lanceolatum Torr. SELASETR Senecio triangularis Hook. SETR

SIHY Sitanion hystrix (Nutt.) J.G. Sm. SIHY Elymus elymoides elymoides (Raf.) Swezey ELELE

SPAN Sparganium angustifolium Michx. SPAN2SPBE Spiraea betulifolia Pall. SPBE2SPCR Sporobolus cryptandrus (Torr.) Gray SPCR
50

GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PNW-GTR-709 R6 PLANTS Synonym code Scientific name code PLANTS synonym code STAM Streptopus amplexifolius (L.) DC. STAM2

STLE2 Stipa lemmonii (Vasey) Scribn. STLE2 Achnatherum lemmonii lemmonii (Vasey) Barkworth ACLEL

STOC Stipa occidentalis Thurb. ex Wats. STOC2 Achnatherum occidentale occidentale (Thurb.) ACOCO

Barkworth

SYAL Symphoricarpos albus (L.) Blake SYALSYOR Symphoricarpos oreophilus Gray SYOR2TABR Taxus brevifolia Nutt. TABR2

TRCA3 Trautvetteria caroliniensis (Walt.) Vail TRCATRMA Trifolium macrocephalum (Pursh) Poir. TRMA3

TSME Tsuga mertensiana (Bong.) Carr. TSME

TYLA Typha latifolia L. TYLA

VAME Vaccinium membranaceum Dougl. ex Hook. VAME

VASC Vaccinium scoparium Leib. VASCVAUL Vaccinium uliginosum L. VAULVEAM Veronica americana Schwein. ex Benth. VEAM2VERAT Veratrum L. VERAT

XETE Xerophyllum tenax (Pursh) Nutt. XETE
51

Potential Vegetation Hierarchy for the Blue Mountains Section of Northeastern Oregon...

Acknowledgments

The authors acknowledge the following individuals for their contributions to the

development of information presented in this report (note that national forest

affiliation and work location information was accurate when the potential vegetation work described in this report was completed).

Charlene Bucha-Gentry, Umatilla National Forest, Heppner, OR

Katie Countryman, Wallowa-Whitman National Forest, Baker City, OR

Steve Fletcher, Wallowa-Whitman National Forest, Baker City, OR

Bill Gamble, Malheur National Forest, John Day, OR

Les Holsapple, Umatilla National Forest, Pendleton, OR

Lyle Jensen, Umatilla National Forest, Pendleton, OR

Don Justice, Umatilla National Forest, Pendleton, OR

John Keersemaker, Umatilla National Forest, Pendleton, OR

Bill McArthur, Malheur National Forest, John Day, OR

Chuck Quimby, Wallowa-Whitman National Forest, Baker City, OR

Scott Riley, Umatilla National Forest, Pendleton, OR

Victoria Rockwell, Wallowa-Whitman National Forest, Baker City, OR

Ray Smith, Malheur National Forest, John Day, OR

Ed Uebler, Malheur National Forest, John Day, OR

Karl Urban, Umatilla National Forest, Pendleton, OR

Gene Yates, Malheur National Forest, John Day, OR

This report benefited greatly from technical peer review by Craig Busskohl

(soil scientist, Umatilla National Forest), Tom DeMeo (plant ecologist, Pacific

Northwest Regional Office), Becky Gravenmier (planning specialist, Pacific

Northwest Research Station), Paul Oester (extension forester for Union County,

Oregon State University), Ayn Shlisky (plant ecologist, The Nature Conservancy)

and Mike Simpson (plant ecologist, Central Oregon Area Ecology Program).
52

GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PNW-GTR-709

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64

GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PNW-GTR-709 Appendix: Potential Vegetation Types of the Blue Mountains Section Table 8–Potential vegetation types (PVT) of the Blue Mountains section, organized by potential vegetation type codea PVT code (PLANTS code) PVT common name Status Ecoclass PAG PVG ABGR/ACGL grand fir/Rocky Mountain maple PA CWS912 Warm very moist UF Moist UF ABGR/ACGL grand fir/Rocky Mountain maple PA CWS541 Warm very moist UF Moist UF ABGR/ACGL (FLOODPLAIN) grand fir/Rocky Mountain maple (floodplain) PA CWS543 Warm moderate SM RF Warm RF ABGR/ACGL-PHMA5 grand fir/Rocky Mountain maple-mallow ninebark PCT CWS412 Warm moist UF Moist UF ABGR/ARCO9 grand fir/heartleaf arnica PCT CWF444 Cold dry UF Cold UF ABGR/ATFI grand fir/ladyfern PA CWF613 Warm high SM RF Warm RF ABGR/BRVU grand fir/Columbia brome PA CWG211 Warm moist UF Moist UF ABGR/CAGE2 grand fir/elk sedge PA CWG111 Warm dry UF Dry UF ABGR/CALA30 grand fir/woolly sedge PC CWM311 Warm high SM RF Warm RF ABGR/CARU grand fir/pinegrass PA CWG112 Warm dry UF Dry UF ABGR/CARU grand fir/pinegrass PA CWG113 Warm dry UF Dry UF ABGR/CLUN2 grand fir/queencup beadlily PA CWF421 Cool moist UF Moist UF

ABGR/COOC grand fir/goldthread PA CWF511 Cool dry UF Cold UF

ABGR/CRDO2/CADE9 grand fir/black hawthorn/Dewey’s sedge PA CWS423 Warm high SM RF Warm RF

ABGR/GYDR grand fir/oakfern PA CWF611 Cool very moist UF Moist UF

ABGR/LIBO3 grand fir/twinflower PA CWF311 Cool moist UF Moist UF

ABGR/LIBO3 grand fir/twinflower PA CWF312 Cool moist UF Moist UF

ABGR/POMU-ASCA2 grand fir/swordfern-ginger PA CWF612 Cool very moist UF Moist UF

ABGR/SPBE2 grand fir/birchleaf spiraea PA CWS321 Warm dry UF Dry UF

ABGR/SPBE2 grand fir/birchleaf spiraea PA CWS322 Warm dry UF Dry UF

ABGR/SYAL (FLOODPLAIN) grand fir/common snowberry (floodplain) PCT CWS314 Warm low SM RF Low SM RF

ABGR/TABR2/CLUN2 grand fir/Pacific yew/queencup beadlily PA CWF422 Cool wet UF Moist UF

ABGR/TABR2/CLUN2 grand fir/Pacific yew/queencup beadlily PA CWC811 Cool wet UF Moist UF

ABGR/TABR2/LIBO3 grand fir/Pacific yew/twinflower PA CWC812 Cool wet UF Moist UF

ABGR/TABR2/LIBO3 (FLOODPLAIN) grand fir/Pacific yew/twinflower (floodplain) PA CWF424 Warm high SM RF Warm RF

ABGR/TRCA grand fir/false bugbane PA CWF512 Cool very moist UF Moist UF

ABGR/VAME grand fir/big huckleberry PA CWS211 Cool moist UF Moist UFABGR/VAME grand fir/big huckleberry PA CWS212 Cool moist UF Moist UF

ABGR/VASC grand fir/grouse huckleberry PA CWS811 Cold dry UF Cold UF

ABGR/VASC-LIBO3 grand fir/grouse huckleberry-twinflower PA CWS812 Cool moist UF Moist UF

ABGR-CHNO/VAME grand fir-Alaska yellow cedar/big huckleberry PCT CWS232 Cool moist UF Moist UF

ABLA/ARCO9 subalpine fir/heartleaf arnica PA CEF435 Cool moist UF Moist UF

ABLA/ARCO9 subalpine fir/heartleaf arnica PCT CEF412 Cool moist UF Moist UF

ABLA/ARNE/ARAC2 subalpine fir/pinemat manzanita/prickly sandwort PC CES429 Cool dry UF Cold UF

ABLA/ATFI subalpine fir/ladyfern PA CEF332 Cold high SM RF Cold RF

ABLA/CAAQ subalpine fir/aquatic sedge PCT CEM123 Cold high SM RF Cold RF

ABLA/CACA4 subalpine fir/bluejoint reedgrass PA CEM124 Cold moderate SM RF Cold RF

ABLA/CADI6 subalpine fir/softleaf sedge PCT CEM122 Cold high SM RF Cold RFABLA/CAGE2 subalpine fir/elk sedge PA CAG111 Cold dry UF Cold UF

ABLA/CARU subalpine fir/pinegrass PA CEG312 Cool dry UF Cold UF

ABLA/CLUN2 subalpine fir/queencup beadlily PA CES131 Cool moist UF Moist UF
65

Potential Vegetation Hierarchy for the Blue Mountains Section of Northeastern Oregon...

Table 8–Potential vegetation types (PVT) of the Blue Mountains section, organized by potential vegetation type codea (continued)PVT code (PLANTS code) PVT common name Status Ecoclass PAG PVG

ABLA/CLUN2 subalpine fir/queencup beadlily PA CES314 Cool moist UF Moist UF

ABLA/FEVI subalpine fir/green fescue PC CEG411 Cold dry UF Cold UF

ABLA/JUDR subalpine fir/Drummond’s rush PC CEG412 Cold dry UF Cold UF

ABLA/JUPA (AVALANCHE) subalpine fir/Parry’s rush (avalanche) PC CEG414 Cold dry UF Cold UF

ABLA/JUTE subalpine fir/slender rush PC CEG413 Cold dry UF Cold UF

ABLA/LIBO3 subalpine fir/twinflower PA CEF221 Cool moist UF Moist UF

ABLA/LIBO3 subalpine fir/twinflower PA CES414 Cool moist UF Moist UF

ABLA/MEFE subalpine fir/rusty menziesia PA CES221 Cold moist UF Cold UF

ABLA/POPH subalpine fir/alpine fleeceflower PC CEF511 Cold dry UF Cold UF

ABLA/POPU3 subalpine fir/Jacob’s ladder PA CEF411 Cold dry UF Cold UF

ABLA/RHAL2 subalpine fir/white rhododendron PCT CES214 Cold moist UF Cold UF

ABLA/SETR subalpine fir/arrowleaf groundsel PA CEF333 Cold high SM RF Cold RF

ABLA/STAM2 subalpine fir/claspleaf twistedstalk PCT CEF311 Cool wet UF Moist UFABLA/STOC2 subalpine fir/western needlegrass PCT CEG323 Cold dry UF Cold UF

ABLA/TRCA subalpine fir/false bugbane PA CEF331 Cool moist UF Moist UF

ABLA/VAME subalpine fir/big huckleberry PA CES315 Cool moist UF Moist UF

ABLA/VAME subalpine fir/big huckleberry PA CES311 Cool moist UF Moist UF

ABLA/VAME (FLOODPLAIN) subalpine fir/big huckleberry (floodplain) PA CES316 Cold moderate SM RF Cold RF

ABLA/VASC subalpine fir/grouse huckleberry PA CES411 Cold dry UF Cold UF

ABLA/VASC/POPU3 subalpine fir/grouse huckleberry/Jacob’s ladder PA CES415 Cold dry UF Cold UF

ABLA/VASC-PHEM subalpine fir/grouse huckleberry-pink mountainheath PA CES428 Cold dry UF Cold UFABLA/VAUL/CASC12 subalpine fir/bog blueberry/Holm’s Rocky Mountain sedge PCT CEM313 Cold high SM RF Cold RF

ABLA/XETE subalpine fir/beargrass PA CEF111 Cool dry UF Cold UF

ABLA-PIAL/ARAC2 subalpine fir-whitebark pine/prickly sandwort PC CAF324 Cold dry UF Cold UF

ABLA-PIAL/CAGE2 subalpine fir-whitebark pine/elk sedge PA CAG133 Cold dry UF Cold UF

ABLA-PIAL/FEVI subalpine fir-whitebark pine/green fescue PA CAG222 Cold dry UF Cold UF

ABLA-PIAL/JUCO6 subalpine fir-whitebark pine/mountain juniper PC CAS424 Cold dry UF Cold UF

ABLA-PIAL/JUCO6-ARNE subalpine fir-whitebark pine/mountain juniper-pinemat manzanita PC CAS423 Cold dry UF Cold UFABLA-PIAL/JUDR subalpine fir-whitebark pine/Drummond’s rush PCT CAG3 Cold dry UF Cold UFABLA-PIAL/JUPA-STLE2 subalpine fir-whitebark pine/Parry’s rush-Lemmon’s needlegrass PA CAG132 Cold dry UF Cold UFABLA-PIAL/POPH subalpine fir-whitebark pine/alpine fleeceflower PCT CAF2 Cold dry UF Cold UFABLA-PIAL/POPU3 subalpine fir-whitebark pine/Jacob’s ladder PC CAF0 Cold dry UF Cold UFABLA-PIAL/RIMO2/POPU3 subalpine fir-whitebark pine/mountain gooseberry/Jacob’s ladder PCT CAS611 Cold dry UF Cold UFABLA-PIAL/VASC/ARAC2 subalpine fir-whitebark pine/grouse huckleberry/prickly sandwort PCT CAS623 Cold dry UF Cold UF

ABLA-PIAL/VASC/ARCO9 subalpine fir-whitebark pine/grouse huckleberry/heartleaf arnica PA CAS621 Cold dry UF Cold UFABLA-PIAL/VASC/CARO5 subalpine fir-whitebark pine/grouse huckleberry/Ross’ sedge PA CAS622 Cold dry UF Cold UF

ABLA-PIAL/VASC/FEVI subalpine fir-whitebark pine/grouse huckleberry/green fescue PC CAS625 Cold dry UF Cold UFABLA-PIAL/VASC/FEVI (AVALANCHE) subalpine fir-whitebark pine/grouse huckleberry/green fescue (avalanche) PC CAS629 Cold dry UF Cold UF

ABLA-PIAL/VASC/LECOW2 subalpine fir-whitebark pine/grouse huckleberry/Wallowa Lewisia PC CAS627 Cold dry UF Cold UFABLA-PIAL/VASC/OREX subalpine fir-whitebark pine/grouse huckleberry/little ricegrass PC CAS626 Cold dry UF Cold UFABLA-PIAL/VASC-PHEM subalpine fir-whitebark pine/grouse huckleberry-pink mountainheath PCT CAS624 Cold dry UF Cold UFABLA-PIAL/VASC-PHEM (AVALANCHE) subalpine fir-whitebark pine/grouse huckleberry-pink mountainheath (avalanche) PC CAS628 Cold dry UF Cold UFABLA-PIEN/ARCO9 subalpine fir-Engelmann spruce/heartleaf arnica PA CEF436 Cool moist UF Moist UF

ABLA-PIEN/CLUN2 subalpine fir-Engelmann spruce/queencup beadlily PA CEF437 Cool moist UF Moist UFABLA-PIEN/LEGL subalpine fir-Engelmann spruce/Labrador tea PA CES612 Cold moist UF Cold UF
66

GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PNW-GTR-709 Table 8–Potential vegetation types (PVT) of the Blue Mountains section, organized by potential vegetation type codea (continued) PVT code (PLANTS code) PVT common name Status Ecoclass PAG PVG ABLA-PIEN/LEGL (FLOODPLAIN) subalpine fir-Engelmann spruce/Labrador tea (floodplain) PA CES610 Cold high SM RF Cold RF ABLA-PIEN/LIBO3 subalpine fir-Engelmann spruce/twinflower PC CEF2 Cool moist UF Moist UF ABLA-PIEN/LUHI4 subalpine fir-Engelmann spruce/smooth woodrush PC CEG131 Cold dry UF Cold UF ABLA-PIEN/MEFE subalpine fir-Engelmann spruce/rusty menziesia PA CES2 Cold moist UF Cold UF ABLA-PIEN/MEFE (FLOODPLAIN) subalpine fir-Engelmann spruce/rusty menziesia (floodplain) PA CES710 Cold moderate SM RF Cold RF ABLA-PIEN/POPU3 subalpine fir-Engelmann spruce/Jacob’s ladder PC CEF426 Cold dry UF Cold UF ABLA-PIEN/RHAL2 subalpine fir-Engelmann spruce/white rhododendron PC CES215 Cold moist UF Cold UF ABLA-PIEN/SETR subalpine fir-Engelmann spruce/arrowleaf groundsel PC CEF336 Cold moist UF Cold UF ABLA-PIEN/TRCA subalpine fir-Engelmann spruce/false bugbane PC CEF425 Cool moist UF Moist UF ABLA-PIEN/VASC-PHEM subalpine fir-Engelmann spruce/grouse huckleberry-pink mountainheath PC CES427 Cold dry UF Cold UF ABLA-PIMO3/CHUM subalpine fir-western white pine/prince’s pine PC CES8 Cool dry UF Cold UF ACGL Rocky Mountain maple PCT HD01 Hot low SM RS Low SM RS ADPE maidenhair fern PCT FW4213 Warm high SM RH Warm RH AGDI thin bentgrass PCT MD4111 Warm low SM RH Low SM RH

AGSP-BRCA5 bluebunch wheatgrass-mountain brome PCT GB4131 Warm moist UH Moist UH

AGSP-CYTEF bluebunch wheatgrass-turpentine cymopterus PCT GB4133 Hot dry UH Dry UH

AGSP-ERHE2 bluebunch wheatgrass-Wyeth’s buckwheat PA GB4111 Hot dry UH Dry UH

AGSP-ERUM bluebunch wheatgrass-sulphurflower buckwheat PCT GB4132 Hot dry UH Dry UHAGSP-POSA12 bluebunch wheatgrass-Sandberg’s bluegrass PA GB41 Hot dry UH Dry UHAGSP-POSA12 bluebunch wheatgrass-Sandberg’s bluegrass PA GB4121 Hot dry UH Dry UHAGSP-POSA12 (BASALT) bluebunch wheatgrass-Sandberg’s bluegrass (basalt) PA GB4113 Hot dry UH Dry UH

AGSP-POSA12 (GRANITE) bluebunch wheatgrass-Sandberg’s bluegrass (granite) PA GB4116 Hot dry UH Dry UH

AGSP-POSA12-APAN2 bluebunch wheatgrass-Sandberg’s bluegrass-spreading dogbane PA GB4127 Hot dry UH Dry UHAGSP-POSA12-ASCU5 bluebunch wheatgrass-Sandberg’s bluegrass-Cusick’s milkvetch PA GB4114 Hot dry UH Dry UHAGSP-POSA12-ASRE5 bluebunch wheatgrass-Sandberg’s bluegrass-Blue Mountain milkvetch PA GB4125 Hot dry UH Dry UHAGSP-POSA12-BASA3 bluebunch wheatgrass-Sandberg’s bluegrass-arrowleaf balsamroot PA GB4123 Hot dry UH Dry UH

AGSP-POSA12-DAUN bluebunch wheatgrass-Sandberg’s bluegrass-onespike oatgrass PA GB4911 Hot dry UH Dry UHAGSP-POSA12-ERHE2 bluebunch wheatgrass-Sandberg’s bluegrass-creamy buckwheat PA GB4124 Hot dry UH Dry UHAGSP-POSA12-ERPU2 bluebunch wheatgrass-Sandberg’s bluegrass-shaggy fleabane PA GB4115 Hot dry UH Dry UH

AGSP-POSA12-LUPIN bluebunch wheatgrass-Sandberg’s bluegrass-lupine PA GB4119 Hot dry UH Dry UHAGSP-POSA12-OPPO bluebunch wheatgrass-Sandberg’s bluegrass-pricklypear PA GB4118 Hot dry UH Dry UH

AGSP-POSA12-PHCO10 bluebunch wheatgrass-Sandberg’s bluegrass-Snake River phlox PA GB4117 Hot dry UH Dry UHAGSP-POSA12-SCAN3 bluebunch wheatgrass-Sandberg’s bluegrass-narrowleaf skullcap PA GB4112 Hot dry UH Dry UH

AGSP-POSA12-TRMA3 bluebunch wheatgrass-Sandberg’s bluegrass-bighead clover PA GB4126 Hot dry UH Dry UH

AGSP-SPCR-ARLO3 bluebunch wheatgrass-sand dropseed-red threeawn PCT GB1911 Hot dry UH Dry UH

ALIN2/ATFI mountain alder/ladyfern PA SW2116 Warm high SM RS Warm RSALIN2/CAAM10 mountain alder/bigleaf sedge PA SW2114 Warm high SM RS Warm RS

ALIN2/CAAQ mountain alder/aquatic sedge PC SW2126 Warm high SM RS Warm RSALIN2/CACA4 mountain alder/bluejoint reedgrass PA SW2121 Warm moderate SM RS Warm RSALIN2/CADE9 mountain alder/Dewey’s sedge PCT SW2118 Warm moderate SM RS Warm RSALIN2/CALA30 mountain alder/woolly sedge PA SW2123 Warm moderate SM RS Warm RS

ALIN2/CALEL mountain alder/densely tufted sedge PC SW2127 Warm moderate SM RS Warm RS

ALIN2/CALU7 mountain alder/woodrush sedge PC SW2128 Warm low SM RS Low SM RSALIN2/CAUT mountain alder/bladder sedge PA SW2115 Warm high SM RS Warm RSALIN2/EQAR mountain alder/common horsetail PA SW2117 Warm moderate SM RS Warm RS
67

Potential Vegetation Hierarchy for the Blue Mountains Section of Northeastern Oregon...

Table 8–Potential vegetation types (PVT) of the Blue Mountains section, organized by potential vegetation type codea (continued)PVT code (PLANTS code) PVT common name Status Ecoclass PAG PVG

ALIN2/GLEL mountain alder/tall mannagrass PA SW2215 Warm high SM RS Warm RS

ALIN2/GYDR mountain alder/oakfern PCT SW2125 Warm moderate SM RS Warm RS

ALIN2/HELA4 mountain alder/common cowparsnip PCT SW2124 Warm moderate SM RS Warm RSALIN2/POPR mountain alder/Kentucky bluegrass PCT SW2120 Warm low SM RS Low SM RS

ALIN2/SCMI2 mountain alder/smallfruit bulrush PCT SW2122 Warm high SM RS Warm RS

ALIN2-COST4/MESIC FORB mountain alder-red osier dogwood/mesic forb PA SW2216 Warm moderate SM RS Warm RSALIN2-RIBES/MESIC FORB mountain alder-currants/mesic forb PA SW2217 Warm moderate SM RS Warm RS

ALIN2-SYAL mountain alder-common snowberry PA SW2211 Warm low SM RS Low SM RSALPR3 meadow foxtail PCT MD2111 Warm low SM RH Low SM RHALRH2/MESIC SHRUB white alder/mesic shrub PCT SW2102 Hot moderate SM RF Warm RF

ALRH2/RUBUS white alder/blackberry PCT SW2101 Hot moderate SM RF Warm RF

ALRU2 (ALLUVIAL BAR) red alder (alluvial bar) PCT HAF226 Warm moderate SM RF Warm RF

ALRU2/ATFI red alder/ladyfern PCT HAF227 Warm high SM RF Warm RF

ALRU2/COST4 red alder/red osier dogwood PC HAS511 Warm moderate SM RF Warm RFALRU2/PEFRP red alder/sweet coltsfoot PCT HAF211 Warm moderate SM RF Warm RFALRU2/PHCA11 red alder/Pacific ninebark PA HAS211 Warm moderate SM RF Warm RFALRU2/SYAL red alder/common snowberry PCT [none] Warm moderate SM RF Warm RF

ALRU2/SYAL/CADE9 red alder/common snowberry/Dewey’s sedge PCT HAS312 Warm moderate SM RF Warm RFALSI3 Sitka alder snow slides PCT SM20 Cold very moist US Cold USALSI3/ATFI Sitka alder/ladyfern PA SW2111 Warm high SM RS Warm RSALSI3/CILA2 Sitka alder/drooping woodreed PA SW2112 Warm high SM RS Warm RSALSI3/MESIC FORB Sitka alder/mesic forb PCT SW2113 Warm moderate SM RS Warm RS

ALVA Pacific onion PCT [none] Cold high SM RH Cold RH

ALVA-CASC12 Pacific onion-Holm’s Rocky Mountain sedge PA FW7111 Cold high SM RH Cold RH

AMAL2 western serviceberry PCT SW3114 Hot low SM RS Low SM RSARAR8/AGSP low sagebrush/bluebunch wheatgrass PA SD1924 Warm dry US Dry US

ARAR8/FEID-AGSP low sagebrush/Idaho fescue-bluebunch wheatgrass PA SD1911 Warm moist US Moist US

ARAR8/POSA12 low sagebrush/Sandberg’s bluegrass PA SD9221 Warm dry US Dry USARCA13/DECE silver sagebrush/tufted hairgrass PA SW6111 Hot moderate SM RS Warm RS

ARCA13/POCU3 silver sagebrush/Cusick’s bluegrass PCT SW6114 Hot low SM RS Low SM RS

ARCA13/POPR silver sagebrush/Kentucky bluegrass PCT SW6112 Hot low SM RS Low SM RSARLU white sagebrush PCT SD01 Warm low SM RH Low SM RHARRI2/PEGA stiff sagebrush/Gairdner’s penstemon PCT SD9141 Warm dry US Dry US

ARRI2/POSA12 (SCAB) stiff sagebrush/Sandberg’s bluegrass (scabland) PA SD9111 Warm dry US Dry US

ARTR4/POSA12-DAUN threetip sagebrush/Sandberg’s bluegrass-onespike oatgrass PCT SD2401 Warm dry US Dry USARTRV/AGSP-POSA12 mountain big sagebrush/bluebunch wheatgrass-Sandberg’s bluegrass PA SD2918 Warm dry US Dry US

ARTRV/BRCA5 mountain big sagebrush/mountain brome PCT SS4914 Warm moist US Moist US

ARTRV/CAGE2 mountain big sagebrush/elk sedge PA SS4911 Cold moist US Cold USARTRV/CAGE2 (MONTANE) mountain big sagebrush/elk sedge (montane) PCT SD2915 Warm moist US Moist US

ARTRV/CAHO5 mountain big sagebrush/Hood’s sedge PCT SS4916 Cold moist US Cold USARTRV/ELCI2 mountain big sagebrush/basin wildrye PCT SD3011 Warm moist US Moist US

ARTRV/ERFL4-PHLOX mountain big sagebrush/golden buckwheat-phlox PC SS4918 Cool dry US Cold USARTRV/FEID-AGSP mountain big sagebrush/Idaho fescue-bluebunch wheatgrass PA SD2911 Warm moist US Moist USARTRV/FEID-KOCR mountain big sagebrush/Idaho fescue-prairie junegrass PA SD2929 Warm moist US Moist US

ARTRV/FEVI mountain big sagebrush/green fescue PCT SS4915 Cold moist US Cold US
68

GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PNW-GTR-709 Table 8–Potential vegetation types (PVT) of the Blue Mountains section, organized by potential vegetation type codea(continued) PVT code (PLANTS code) PVT common name Status Ecoclass PAG PVG ARTRV/LINU4 mountain big sagebrush/linanthus PCT SS4917 Cool dry US Cold US ARTRV/POCU3 mountain big sagebrush/Cusick’s bluegrass PA SW6113 Hot low SM RS Low SM RS ARTRV/STOC2 mountain big sagebrush/western needlegrass PC SD2920 Cool dry US Cold US ARTRV-PERA4 mountain big sagebrush-squaw apple PCT SD3010 Warm moist US Moist US ARTRV-PUTR2/FEID mountain big sagebrush-bitterbrush/Idaho fescue PCT SD2916 Hot moist US Moist US ARTRV-SYOR2 mountain big sagebrush-mountain snowberry PCT SD2919 Warm moist US Moist US ARTRV-SYOR2/BRCA5 mountain big sagebrush-mountain snowberry/mountain brome PCT SD2917 Warm moist US Moist US BEOC2/MESIC FORB water birch/mesic forb PCT SW3112 Warm moderate SM RS Warm RS BEOC2/PHAR3 water birch/reed canarygrass PC SM41 Warm moderate SM RS Warm RS BEOC2/WET SEDGE water birch/wet sedge PCT SW3113 Warm high SM RS Warm RS BERE/AGSP-APAN2 creeping Oregongrape/bluebunch wheatgrass-spreading dogbane PCT GB4915 Warm dry US Dry US CAAM10 bigleaf sedge PA MM2921 Warm high SM RH Warm RH CAAQ aquatic sedge PA MM2914 Cool high SM RH Cold RH CACA11 silvery sedge PCT MS3113 Warm moderate SM RH Warm RH

CACA4 bluejoint reedgrass PA GM4111 Cool moderate SM RH Cold RH

CACU2 (SEEP) Cusick’s camas (seep) PCT FW3911 Warm very moist UH Moist UH

CACU5 Cusick’s sedge PA MM2918 Warm high SM RH Warm RHCAEU2 widefruit sedge PA MM2913 Cold high SM RH Cold RH

CAGE2-CARU elk sedge-pinegrass PC GS3914 Cold dry UH Cold UH

CAGE2-FEID elk sedge-Idaho fescue PC GS3912 Cold dry UH Cold UHCAGE2-JUPA elk sedge-Parry’s rush PC GS3913 Cold dry UH Cold UHCAGE2-PHAU3 elk sedge-desert phlox PC GS3916 Cold dry UH Cold UHCAGE2-POCU3 elk sedge-Cusick’s bluegrass PC GS3915 Cold dry UH Cold UHCAGE2-STOC2 elk sedge-western needlegrass PC GS3917 Cold dry UH Cold UHCAHO5 Hood’s sedge PCT GS64 Cool moist UH Cold UH

CAHO5-BRCA5 Hood’s sedge-mountain brome PC GS61 Cool moist UH Cold UHCAHO5-BRCA5 (MEADOW) Hood’s sedge-mountain brome (meadow) PC GS4012 Cool moist UH Cold UH

CAHO5-CAGE2 Hood’s sedge-elk sedge PC GS62 Cool moist UH Cold UH

CAHO5-POGL9 Hood’s sedge-sticky cinquefoil PC GS63 Cool dry UH Cold UHCAJO Jones’ sedge PC MM2933 Warm moderate SM RH Warm RH

CALA11 slender sedge PA MM2920 Warm high SM RH Warm RHCALA13 smoothstemmed sedge PC MW2913 Cold high SM RH Cold RH

CALA30 woolly sedge PA MM2911 Warm moderate SM RH Warm RHCALE8 lakeshore sedge PA MM2919 Warm moderate SM RH Warm RH

CALE9 Sierra hare sedge PA MM2927 Cold high SM RH Cold RH

CALI7 mud sedge PA MM2928 Cold high SM RH Cold RHCALU7 woodrush sedge PA MM2916 Cold high SM RH Cold RH

CAMI7 smallwing sedge PCT MM2929 Warm moderate SM RH Warm RHCAMU7 star sedge PCT MS3112 Warm moderate SM RH Warm RHCANE2 Nebraska sedge PCT MM2912 Warm moderate SM RH Warm RHCANI2 black alpine sedge PA MS2111 Cold moderate SM RH Cold RH

CANU5 torrent sedge PCT MM2922 Hot high SM RH Warm RH

CAPR5 clustered field sedge PCT MW2912 Cold high SM RH Cold RH

CAREX-STOC2 alpine sedges-western needlegrass PC GS4011 Cold dry UH Cold UH
69

Potential Vegetation Hierarchy for the Blue Mountains Section of Northeastern Oregon...

Table 8–Potential vegetation types (PVT) of the Blue Mountains section, organized by potential vegetation type codea (continued)PVT code (PLANTS code) PVT common name Status Ecoclass PAG PVG

CASC10-SAAR13 northern singlespike sedge-brook saxifrage PA MS2113 Cold high SM RH Cold RHCASC12 Holm’s Rocky Mountain sedge PA MS3111 Cold high SM RH Cold RHCASH Sheldon’s sedge PCT MM2932 Hot moderate SM RH Warm RH

CASI2 shortbeaked sedge PCT MM2915 Warm high SM RH Warm RHCAST5 sawbeak sedge PCT MW1926 Warm high SM RH Warm RHCASU6 brown sedge PC MM2930 Warm moderate SM RH Warm RHCAUT bladder sedge PA MM2917 Cool high SM RH Cold RHCAVE6 inflated sedge PA MW1923 Cool high SM RH Cold RHCELE3 mountain mahogany PCT SD49 Warm dry US Dry USCELE3/AGSP mountain mahogany/bluebunch wheatgrass PCT SD4112 Warm dry US Dry USCELE3/CAGE2 mountain mahogany/elk sedge PC SD40 Warm moist US Moist USCELE3/CAGE2 mountain mahogany/elk sedge PC SD4113 Warm moist US Moist USCELE3/FEID-AGSP mountain mahogany/Idaho fescue-bluebunch wheatgrass PA SD4111 Warm moist US Moist USCELE3/PONEW mountain mahogany/Wheeler’s bluegrass PCT SD4114 Warm dry US Dry USCELE3-PUTR2/AGSP mountain mahogany-bitterbrush/bluebunch wheatgrass PCT SD4115 Warm moist US Moist USCERE2/AGSP netleaf hackberry/bluebunch wheatgrass PA SD5611 Hot moist US Moist USCERE2/BROMU netleaf hackberry/brome PCT SD5612 Hot low SM RS Low SM RSCEVE snowbrush ceanothus PCT SM33 Warm moist US Moist US

CILA2 drooping woodreed PC MW2927 Cold high SM RH Cold RHCOST4 red osier dogwood PA SW5112 Warm moderate SM RS Warm RSCOST4/ATFI red osier dogwood/ladyfern PA SW4133 Warm high SM RS Warm RS

COST4/SAAR13 red osier dogwood/brook saxifrage PCT SW5118 Warm high SM RS Warm RSCRDO2/MESIC FORB black hawthorn/mesic forb PCT SW3111 Hot low SM RS Low SM RSDAUN-LOLE2 onespike oatgrass-slenderfruit lomatium PA GB9114 Hot moist UH Moist UHDECE tufted hairgrass PA MM1912 Cool moderate SM RH Cold RHELBE delicate spikerush PC MS4111 Cold high SM RH Cold RHELCI2 basin wildrye PCT GB7111 Hot very moist UH Moist UH

ELPA3 creeping spikerush PA MW4912 Hot high SM RH Warm RHELPA6 fewflowered spikerush PA MW4911 Cold high SM RH Cold RHEQAR common horsetail PA FW4212 Warm moderate SM RH Warm RHERDO-POSA12 Douglas’ buckwheat-Sandberg’s bluegrass PCT FM9111 Hot dry UH Dry UHERFL4-PECO golden buckwheat-coiled lousewort PC FS8116 Cool dry UH Cold UHERIOG-PHOR2 buckwheat/Oregon bladderpod PA SD9322 Hot dry UH Dry UHERST4-POSA12 strict buckwheat/Sandberg’s bluegrass PCT FM9112 Hot dry UH Dry UHERUM (RIDGE) sulphurflower (ridge) PCT FM9113 Hot dry UH Dry UHFEID (ALPINE) Idaho fescue (alpine) PCT GS12 Cold moist UH Cold UHFEID-AGSP Idaho fescue-bluebunch wheatgrass PA GB59 Warm moist UH Moist UHFEID-AGSP (RIDGE) Idaho fescue-bluebunch wheatgrass (ridge) PCT GB5915 Warm moist UH Moist UHFEID-AGSP-BASA3 Idaho fescue-bluebunch wheatgrass-arrowleaf balsamroot PA GB5917 Warm moist UH Moist UHFEID-AGSP-CYTEF Idaho fescue-bluebunch wheatgrass-cymopterus PA GB5925 Warm dry UH Dry UHFEID-AGSP-FRALC2 Idaho fescue-bluebunch wheatgrass-Cusick’s frasera PA GB5926 Cool moist UH Cold UHFEID-AGSP-LUPIN Idaho fescue-bluebunch wheatgrass-lupine PA GB5916 Warm moist UH Moist UHFEID-AGSP-PHCO10 Idaho fescue-bluebunch wheatgrass-Snake River phlox PA GB5918 Warm moist UH Moist UHFEID-AGSP-PHLOX Idaho fescue-bluebunch wheatgrass-phlox PA GB5931 Warm moist UH Moist UHFEID-AGSP-PONEW Idaho fescue-bluebunch wheatgrass-Wheeler’s bluegrass PC GB5927 Warm dry UH Dry UH
70

GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PNW-GTR-709 Table 8–Potential vegetation types (PVT) of the Blue Mountains section, organized by potential vegetation type codea (continued) PVT code (PLANTS code) PVT common name Status Ecoclass PAG PVG FEID-CAGE2 Idaho fescue-elk sedge PCT GB5922 Warm moist UH Moist UH FEID-CAHO5 Idaho fescue-Hood’s sedge PA GB5921 Warm moist UH Moist UH FEID-DAIN-CAPE7 Idaho fescue-timber oatgrass-Liddon’s sedge PA GB5920 Warm very moist UH Moist UH FEID-DAUN Idaho Fescue-onespike oatgrass PCT GB5932 Warm dry UH Dry UH FEID-GETR Idaho fescue-red avens PCT GB5923 Cool moist UH Cold UH FEID-KOCR (HIGH) Idaho fescue-prairie junegrass (high elevation) PA GB5913 Cool moist UH Cold UH FEID-KOCR (LOW) Idaho fescue-prairie junegrass (low elevation) PA GB5914 Warm moist UH Moist UH FEID-KOCR (MOUND) Idaho fescue-prairie junegrass (mound) PA GB5912 Cool moist UH Cold UH FEID-KOCR (RIDGE) Idaho fescue-prairie junegrass (ridge) PA GB5911 Cool moist UH Cold UH FEID-PESP2 Idaho fescue-Wallowa penstemon PCT GB5924 Cool moist UH Cold UH FELLFIELD fellfield PC GS60 Cold dry UH Cold UH FESC-FEID rough fescue-Idaho fescue PC GB6011 Cold dry UH Cold UH FEVI green fescue PA GS11 Cold moist UH Cold UH FEVI-AGCA2 green fescue-bearded wheatgrass PC GS1118 Cold moist UH Cold UH

FEVI-CAHO5 green fescue-Hood’s sedge PCT GS1111 Cold moist UH Cold UHFEVI-CARO5 green fescue-Ross’ sedge PCT GS1114 Cold moist UH Cold UH

FEVI-CASC12 green fescue-Holm’s Rocky Mountain sedge PC GS1119 Cold moist UH Cold UHFEVI-JUPA green fescue-Parry’s rush PA GS1113 Cold dry UH Cold UH

FEVI-LICA2 green fescue-Canby’s lovage PC GS1117 Cold moist UH Cold UHFEVI-LULA3 green fescue-spurred lupine PA GS1112 Cold moist UH Cold UHFEVI-PENST green fescue-penstemon PCT GS1115 Cold moist UH Cold UHFEVI-STOC2 green fescue-western needlegrass PCT GS1116 Cold moist UH Cold UHGLEL tall mannagrass PA MM2925 Warm high SM RH Warm RHGLSPA/AGSP spiny greasebush/bluebunch wheatgrass PA SD65 Hot dry US Dry USGRUS grus PC FS92 Cold dry UH Cold UH

HELA4-ELGL common cowparsnip/blue wildrye PC SW3124 Warm moderate SM RH Warm RHJUBA Baltic rush PCT MW3912 Warm moderate SM RH Warm RH

JUCO6 mountain juniper PC CJC1 Warm moist US Moist US

JUOC/AGSP western juniper/bluebunch wheatgrass PCT CJG113 Hot dry UW Dry UW

JUOC/ARAR8 western juniper/low sagebrush PCT CJS1 Hot dry UW Dry UW

JUOC/ARAR8/FEID western juniper/low sagebrush/Idaho fescue PA CJS112 Hot dry UW Dry UWJUOC/ARRI2 western juniper/stiff sagebrush PCT CJS8 Hot dry UW Dry UW

JUOC/ARRI2 (SCAB) western juniper/stiff sagebrush (scabland) PCT CJS811 Hot dry UW Dry UW

JUOC/ARTRV/FEID-AGSP western juniper/mountain big sagebrush/Idaho fescue-bluebunch wheatgrass PCT CJS2 Hot moist UW Moist UWJUOC/CELE3/CAGE2 western juniper/mountain mahogany/elk sedge PCT CJS42 Hot moist UW Moist UW

JUOC/CELE3/FEID-AGSP western juniper/mountain mahogany/Idaho fescue-bluebunch wheatgrass PA CJS41 Hot moist UW Moist UWJUOC/FEID-AGSP western juniper/Idaho fescue-bluebunch wheatgrass PA CJG111 Hot moist UW Moist UWJUOC/PUTR2/FEID-AGSP western juniper/bitterbrush/Idaho fescue-bluebunch wheatgrass PA CJS321 Hot moist UW Moist UWJUPA-AGGL Parry’s rush-pale agoseris PC GS4013 Cold dry UH Cold UHJUSC2/CELE3 Rocky Mountain juniper-mountain mahogany PC CJS5 Warm dry UF Dry UFKAMI/CANI2 alpine laurel/black alpine sedge PA SW901 Cold high SM RS Cold RS

LECOW2 (RIM) Wallowa Lewisia (rim) PCT FX4111 Hot dry UH Dry UH

LEGL/CASC12 Labrador tea/Holm’s Rocky Mountain sedge PC SW0101 Cold moderate SM RS Cold RSLEPY2-MAGL2 pygmy Lewisia-cluster tarweed PC FS8113 Cool moist UH Cold UH

LINU4-ARLO6 linanthus-longleaf arnica PC FS8115 Cool moist UH Cold UH
71

Potential Vegetation Hierarchy for the Blue Mountains Section of Northeastern Oregon...

Table 8–Potential vegetation types (PVT) of the Blue Mountains section, organized by potential vegetation type codea (continued)PVT code (PLANTS code) PVT common name Status Ecoclass PAG PVGLINU4-ARLU linanthus-white sagebrush PC FS80 Cool dry UH Cold UHLINU4-CYTEF linanthus-cymopterus PC FS1113 Cool dry UH Cold UHLOIN5/ATFI twinberry honeysuckle/ladyfern PC SW0102 Warm moderate SM RS Warm RSMEBU-STOC2 oniongrass-western needlegrass PCT GB5011 Warm dry UH Dry UHMETR3 buckbean PC FW6111 Warm high SM RH Warm RHMOOD mountain balm PC FS8112 Cool dry UH Cold UHNUPO2 Rocky Mountain pondlily PA MT10 Cool high SM RH Cold RH

PERA4-SYOR2 squaw apple-mountain snowberry PCT SD30 Hot moist US Moist US

PHCA11 Pacific ninebark PC SM1901 Warm low SM RS Low SM RSPHEM (MOUNDS) pink mountainheath (mounds) PA SS1912 Cold moderate SM RS Cold RSPHLE4 (TALUS) syringa-bordered talus strips PCT NTS111 Hot very moist US Moist US

PHLE4/MESIC FORB Lewis’ mockorange/mesic forb PCT SM3001 Hot low SM RS Low SM RS

PHLOX-CYTEF phlox-cymopteris PC FS8117 Cold dry UH Cold UH

PHLOX-IVGO phlox-Ivesia PC FS8118 Cold dry UH Cold UHPHMA5-SYAL mallow ninebark-common snowberry PCT SM19 Warm moist US Moist USPHMA5-SYAL mallow ninebark-common snowberry PCT SM1111 Warm moist US Moist USPIAL/ARAC2 whitebark pine/prickly sandwort PCT CAF322 Cold dry UF Cold UF

PIAL/CAGE2 whitebark pine/elk sedge PA CAG131 Cold dry UF Cold UF

PIAL/FEVI whitebark pine/green fescue PA CAG221 Cold dry UF Cold UF

PIAL/JUCO6-ARNE whitebark pine/mountain juniper-pinemat manzanita PC CAS422 Cold dry UF Cold UF

PIAL/LUAR3 whitebark pine/silvery lupine PC CAF323 Cold dry UF Cold UF

PIAL/RIMO2/POPU3 whitebark pine/mountain gooseberry/Jacob’s ladder PA CAS512 Cold dry UF Cold UF

PIAL/VASC/ARAC2 whitebark pine/grouse huckleberry/prickly sandwort PC CAS313 Cold dry UF Cold UF

PIAL/VASC/ARCO9 whitebark pine/grouse huckleberry/heartleaf arnica PC CAS312 Cold dry UF Cold UF

PIAL/VASC/LUHI4 whitebark pine/grouse huckleberry/smooth woodrush PA CAS311 Cold dry UF Cold UF

PICO(ABGR)/ALSI3 lodgepole pine(grand fir)/Sitka alder PCT CLS58 Cool very moist UF Moist UF

PICO(ABGR)/ARNE lodgepole pine(grand fir)/pinemat manzanita PCT CLS57 Cool dry UF Cold UFPICO(ABGR)/CARU lodgepole pine(grand fir)/pinegrass PCT CLG21 Cool dry UF Cold UF

PICO(ABGR)/LIBO3 lodgepole pine(grand fir)/twinflower PCT CLF211 Cool moist UF Moist UFPICO(ABGR)/VAME lodgepole pine(grand fir)/big huckleberry PCT CLS513 Cool moist UF Moist UF

PICO(ABGR)/VAME/CARU lodgepole pine(grand fir)/big huckleberry/pinegrass PCT CLS512 Cool moist UF Moist UFPICO(ABGR)/VAME/PTAQ lodgepole pine(grand fir)/big huckleberry/bracken fern PCT CLS519 Cool moist UF Moist UFPICO(ABGR)/VAME-LIBO3 lodgepole pine(grand fir)/big huckleberry/twinflower PCT CLS5 Cool moist UF Moist UFPICO(ABGR)/VASC/CARU lodgepole pine(grand fir)/grouse huckleberry/pinegrass PCT CLS417 Cold dry UF Cold UFPICO(ABLA)/CAGE2 lodgepole pine(subalpine fir)/elk sedge PCT CLG322 Cold dry UF Cold UFPICO(ABLA)/STOC2 lodgepole pine(subalpine fir)/western needlegrass PCT CLG11 Cold dry UF Cold UF

PICO(ABLA)/VAME lodgepole pine(subalpine fir)/big huckleberry PCT CLS515 Cool moist UF Moist UF

PICO(ABLA)/VAME lodgepole pine(subalpine fir)/big huckleberry PCT CLS514 Cool moist UF Moist UF

PICO(ABLA)/VAME/CARU lodgepole pine(subalpine fir)/big huckleberry/pinegrass PCT CLS516 Cool moist UF Moist UF

PICO(ABLA)/VASC lodgepole pine(subalpine fir)/grouse huckleberry PCT CLS418 Cold dry UF Cold UF

PICO(ABLA)/VASC/POPU3 lodgepole pine(subalpine fir)/grouse huckleberry/Jacob’s ladder PCT CLS415 Cold dry UF Cold UF

PICO/ALIN2/MESIC FORB lodgepole pine/mountain alder/mesic forb PC CLM511 Cold moderate SM RF Cold RFPICO/CAAQ lodgepole pine/aquatic sedge PA CLM114 Cold high SM RF Cold RF

PICO/CACA4 lodgepole pine/bluejoint reedgrass PC CLM117 Cold moderate SM RF Cold RFPICO/CALA30 lodgepole pine/woolly sedge PC CLM116 Cold moderate SM RF Cold RF
72

GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PNW-GTR-709 Table 8–Potential vegetation types (PVT) of the Blue Mountains section, organized by potential vegetation type codea (continued) PVT code (PLANTS code) PVT common name Status Ecoclass PAG PVG PICO/CARU lodgepole pine/pinegrass PA CLS416 Cool dry UF Cold UF PICO/CASC12 lodgepole pine/Holm’s Rocky Mountain sedge PC CLM118 Cold high SM RF Cold RF PICO/DECE lodgepole pine/tufted hairgrass PA CLM115 Cold moderate SM RF Cold RF PICO/POPR lodgepole pine/Kentucky bluegrass PCT CLM112 Cold low SM RF Cold RF PIEN/ATFI Engelmann spruce/ladyfern PCT CEF334 Cold high SM RF Cold RF PIEN/BRVU Engelmann spruce/Columbia brome PCT CEM125 Cold low SM RF Cold RF PIEN/CADI6 Engelmann spruce/softleaf sedge PA CEM121 Cold high SM RF Cold RF PIEN/CILA2 Engelmann spruce/drooping woodreed PC CEM126 Cold moderate SM RF Cold RF PIEN/COST4 Engelmann spruce/red osier dogwood PA CES511 Cold moderate SM RF Cold RF PIEN/EQAR Engelmann spruce/common horsetail PA CEM211 Cold moderate SM RF Cold RF PIEN/SETR Engelmann spruce/arrowleaf groundsel PA CEF335 Cold high SM RF Cold RF PIEN-ABLA/CASC12 Engelmann spruce-subalpine fir/Holm’s Rocky Mountain sedge PA CEG201 Cold high SM RF Cold RF PIEN-ABLA/SETR Engelmann spruce-subalpine fir/arrowleaf groundsel PA CEM201 Cold high SM RF Cold RF PIFL2/JUCO6 limber pine/mountain juniper PCT CAS511 Cold dry UF Cold UF

PIMO3/DECE western white pine/tufted hairgrass PCT CQM111 Warm moderate SM RF Warm RF

PIPO/AGSP ponderosa pine/bluebunch wheatgrass PA CPG132 Hot dry UF Dry UFPIPO/AGSP ponderosa pine/bluebunch wheatgrass PA CPG111 Hot dry UF Dry UFPIPO/ARAR8 ponderosa pine/low sagebrush PCT CPS61 Hot moist UF Dry UFPIPO/ARTRV/CAGE2 ponderosa pine/mountain big sagebrush/elk sedge PCT CPS132 Hot dry UF Dry UF

PIPO/ARTRV/FEID-AGSP ponderosa pine/mountain big sagebrush/Idaho fescue-bluebunch wheatgrass PA CPS131 Hot dry UF Dry UF

PIPO/CAGE2 ponderosa pine/elk sedge PA CPG222 Warm dry UF Dry UFPIPO/CARU ponderosa pine/pinegrass PA CPG221 Warm dry UF Dry UF

PIPO/CELE3/CAGE2 ponderosa pine/mountain mahogany/elk sedge PA CPS232 Warm dry UF Dry UFPIPO/CELE3/FEID-AGSP ponderosa pine/mountain mahogany/Idaho fescue-bluebunch wheatgrass PA CPS234 Hot dry UF Dry UFPIPO/CELE3/PONEW ponderosa pine/mountain mahogany/Wheeler’s bluegrass PA CPS233 Hot dry UF Dry UFPIPO/CRDO2 ponderosa pine/black hawthorn PC CPS722 Hot moderate SM RF Warm RF

PIPO/FEID ponderosa pine/Idaho fescue PA CPG131 Hot dry UF Dry UFPIPO/FEID ponderosa pine/Idaho fescue PA CPG112 Hot dry UF Dry UFPIPO/PERA4 ponderosa pine/squaw apple PCT CPS8 Hot dry UF Dry UF

PIPO/POPR ponderosa pine/Kentucky bluegrass PCT CPM112 Hot low SM RF Low SM RFPIPO/PUTR2/AGSP ponderosa pine/bitterbrush/bluebunch wheatgrass PCT CPS231 Hot dry UF Dry UFPIPO/PUTR2/AGSP-POSA12 ponderosa pine/bitterbrush/bluebunch wheatgrass-Sandberg’s bluegrass PA CPS229 Hot dry UF Dry UFPIPO/PUTR2/CAGE2 ponderosa pine/bitterbrush/elk sedge PA CPS222 Warm dry UF Dry UF

PIPO/PUTR2/CARO5 ponderosa pine/bitterbrush/Ross’ sedge PA CPS221 Warm dry UF Dry UF

PIPO/PUTR2/FEID-AGSP ponderosa pine/bitterbrush/Idaho fescue-bluebunch wheatgrass PA CPS226 Hot dry UF Dry UF

PIPO/RHGL ponderosa pine/smooth sumac PCT CPS9 Hot dry UF Dry UF

PIPO/SPBE2 ponderosa pine/birchleaf spiraea PCT CPS523 Warm dry UF Dry UF

PIPO/SYAL ponderosa pine/common snowberry PA CPS524 Warm dry UF Dry UF

PIPO/SYAL ponderosa pine/common snowberry PA CPS522 Warm dry UF Dry UF

PIPO/SYAL (FLOODPLAIN) ponderosa pine/common snowberry (floodplain) PA CPS511 Hot low SM RF Low SM RFPIPO/SYOR2 ponderosa pine/mountain snowberry PA CPS525 Warm dry UF Dry UF

PIPO-JUOC/CELE3-SYOR2 ponderosa pine-western juniper/mountain mahogany-mountain snowberry PCT CPC212 Hot dry UF Dry UFPOBU-MAGL2 bulbous bluegrass-cluster tarweed PCT GB4411 Hot dry UH Dry UHPOFR4 shrubby cinquefoil PC SS60 Cool moist US Cold USPOFR4/DECE shrubby cinquefoil/tufted hairgrass PA SW5113 Warm moderate SM RS Warm RS

POFR4/FEID shrubby cinquefoil/Idaho fescue PCT SS4919 Warm moist US Moist US
73

Potential Vegetation Hierarchy for the Blue Mountains Section of Northeastern Oregon...

Table 8–Potential vegetation types (PVT) of the Blue Mountains section, organized by potential vegetation type codea (continued)PVT code (PLANTS code) PVT common name StatusEcoclass PAG PVG

POFR4/POPR shrubby cinquefoil/Kentucky bluegrass PCT SW5114 Warm low SM RS Low SM RS

POFR4-BEGL shrubby cinquefoil-bog birch PCT SS6001 Cold moderate SM RS Cold RS

POPH (CORNICES) alpine fleeceflower (cornices) PC FS5916 Cold moist UH Cold UH

POPH-AGUR-LINU4 alpine fleeceflower-horsemint-linanthus PC FS5915 Cool dry UH Cold UH

POPH-CAGE2-LINU4 alpine fleeceflower-elk sedge-linanthus PC FS5914 Cool dry UH Cold UH

POPH-CARU-CAGE2 alpine fleeceflower-pinegrass-elk sedge PC FS5913 Cool dry UH Cold UHPOPH-FEVI alpine fleeceflower-green fescue PC FS5912 Cold moist UH Cold UH

POPR (DEGEN BENCH) Kentucky bluegrass (degenerated bench) PCT MD3112 Cool moist UH Cold UH

POPR (DRY MEADOW) Kentucky bluegrass (dry meadow) PCT MD3111 Warm low SM RH Low SM RH

POSA12-DAUN Sandberg’s bluegrass-onespike oatgrass PA GB9111 Hot dry UH Dry UHPOSA12-SELA Sandberg’s bluegrass-lanceleaf stonecrop PC GB9112 Warm dry UH Dry UHPOTR15/ACGL black cottonwood/Rocky Mountain maple PCT HCS114 Warm moderate SM RF Warm RFPOTR15/ALIN2-COST4 black cottonwood/mountain alder-red osier dogwood PA HCS113 Warm moderate SM RF Warm RFPOTR15/SALA5 black cottonwood/Pacific willow PA HCS112 Hot moderate SM RF Warm RF

POTR15/SYAL black cottonwood/common snowberry PCT HCS311 Hot moderate SM RF Warm RF

POTR15/SYAL black cottonwood/common snowberry PCT HCS312 Hot moderate SM RF Warm RF

POTR5/ALIN2-COST4 quaking aspen/mountain alder-red osier dogwood PCT HQS222 Warm moderate SM RF Warm RF

POTR5/ALIN2-SYAL quaking aspen/mountain alder-common snowberry PCT HQS223 Warm moderate SM RF Warm RF

POTR5/CAAQ quaking aspen/aquatic sedge PCT HQM212 Warm high SM RF Warm RF

POTR5/CACA4 quaking aspen/bluejoint reedgrass PCT HQM123 Warm moderate SM RF Warm RF

POTR5/CAGE2 quaking aspen/elk sedge PC HQG112 Cool very moist UF Moist UF

POTR5/CALA30 quaking aspen/woolly sedge PA HQM211 Warm moderate SM RF Warm RFPOTR5/MESIC FORB quaking aspen/mesic forb PCT HQM511 Warm moderate SM RF Warm RF

POTR5/POPR quaking aspen/Kentucky bluegrass PCT HQM122 Hot low SM RF Low SM RF

POTR5/SYAL quaking aspen/common snowberry PCT HQS221 Hot moderate SM RF Warm RF

PREM bitter cherry PC SM34 Warm moist US Moist US

PSME/ACGL-PHMA5 Douglas-fir/Rocky Mountain maple-mallow ninebark PA CDS722 Warm moist UF Moist UF

PSME/ACGL-PHMA5 (FLOODPLAIN) Douglas-fir/Rocky Mountain maple-mallow ninebark (floodplain) PA CDS724 Warm moderate SM RF Warm RF

PSME/ACGL-SYOR2 Douglas-fir/Rocky Mountain maple-mountain snowberry PC CDS725 Warm moist UF Moist UF

PSME/ARNE/CAGE2 Douglas-fir/pinemat manzanita/elk sedge PA CDS664 Warm dry UF Dry UF

PSME/CAGE2 Douglas-fir/elk sedge PA CDG111 Warm dry UF Dry UFPSME/CARU Douglas-fir/pinegrass PA CDG121 Warm dry UF Dry UF

PSME/CARU Douglas-fir/pinegrass PA CDG112 Warm dry UF Dry UF

PSME/CELE3/CAGE2 Douglas-fir/mountain mahogany/elk sedge PCT CDSD Warm dry UF Dry UFPSME/HODI Douglas-fir/oceanspray PA CDS611 Warm moist UF Moist UF

PSME/PHMA5 Douglas-fir/mallow ninebark PA CDS711 Warm dry UF Dry UFPSME/RIMO2/POPU3 Douglas-fir/mountain gooseberry/Jacob’s ladder PC CDS911 Cold dry UF Cold UF

PSME/SPBE2 Douglas-fir/birchleaf spiraea PA CDS634 Warm dry UF Dry UF

PSME/SYAL Douglas-fir/common snowberry PA CDS622 Warm dry UF Dry UF

PSME/SYAL Douglas-fir/common snowberry PA CDS624 Warm dry UF Dry UF

PSME/SYAL (FLOODPLAIN) Douglas-fir/common snowberry (floodplain) PA CDS628 Warm low SM RF Low SM RF

PSME/SYOR2 Douglas-fir/mountain snowberry PA CDS623 Warm dry UF Dry UFPSME/SYOR2 Douglas-fir/mountain snowberry PA CDS625 Warm dry UF Dry UFPSME/SYOR2/CAGE2 Douglas-fir/mountain snowberry/elk sedge PC CDS642 Warm dry UF Dry UF

PSME/TRCA Douglas-fir/false bugbane PCT CDF313 Warm moderate SM RF Warm RF
74

GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PNW-GTR-709 Table 8–Potential vegetation types (PVT) of the Blue Mountains section, organized by potential vegetation type codea (continued) PVT code (PLANTS code) PVT common name Status Ecoclass PAG PVG PSME/VAME Douglas-fir/big huckleberry PA CDS812 Warm dry UF Dry UF PSME/VAME Douglas-fir/big huckleberry PA CDS821 Warm dry UF Dry UF PSME-PIPO-JUOC/FEID Douglas-fir-ponderosa pine-western juniper/Idaho fescue PC CDG333 Warm dry UF Dry UF PTAQ-CAHO5 bracken fern-Hood’s sedge PC FS8111 Cool moist UH Cold UH PUPA3 weak alkaligrass PA MM2926 Warm high SM RH Warm RH PUTR2/AGSP bitterbrush/bluebunch wheatgrass PA SD3112 Hot moist US Moist US PUTR2/ERDO bitterbrush/Douglas’ buckwheat PCT SD3126 Warm dry US Dry US PUTR2/FEID-AGSP bitterbrush/Idaho fescue-bluebunch wheatgrass PA SD3111 Warm moist US Moist US PUTR2-ARTRV/FEID bitterbrush-mountain big sagebrush/Idaho fescue PCT SD3125 Warm moist US Moist US PUTR2-ARTRV/FEID-AGSP bitterbrush-mountain big sagebrush/Idaho fescue-bluebunch wheatgrass PA SD3124 Warm moist US Moist US RHAL/MESIC FORB alderleaf buckthorn/mesic forb PCT SW5117 Warm moderate SM RS Warm RS RHGL/AGSP smooth sumac/bluebunch wheatgrass PA SD6121 Hot dry US Dry US RIBES/CILA2 currants/drooping woodreed PCT SW5111 Warm high SM RS Warm RS RIBES/GLEL currants/tall mannagrass PCT SW5116 Warm high SM RS Warm RS

RIBES/MESIC FORB currants/mesic forb PCT SW5115 Warm moderate SM RS Warm RS

ROCK OUTCROP rock outcrop PC FS91 Cold dry UH Cold UH

RUBA Barton’s raspberry PC SM5001 Hot low SM RS Low SM RS

RUDI2 Himalayan blackberry PC SM5002 Hot moderate SM RS Warm RS

RUOC2 western coneflower PCT FS8101 Warm moderate SM RH Warm RH

RUOC2-MAGL2 western coneflower-cluster tarweed PC FS81 Cool moist UH Cold UH

RUPA thimbleberry PCT SM5912 Hot moderate SM RS Warm RS

SAAR13 brook saxifrage PCT FW6113 Warm high SM RH Warm RHSAAR27 arctic willow PA SW1133 Cold high SM RS Cold RS

SABO2/CASC12 Booth’s willow/Holm’s Rocky Mountain sedge PA SW1138 Cold high SM RS Cold RS

SABO2/CAVE6 Booth’s willow/inflated sedge PC SW1139 Cold high SM RS Cold RS

SACO2/CAPR5 undergreen willow/clustered field sedge PC SW1128 Cold high SM RS Cold RS

SACO2/CASC12 undergreen willow/Holm’s Rocky Mountain sedge PA SW1121 Cold high SM RS Cold RS

SACO2/CAUT undergreen willow/bladder sedge PCT SW1127 Cold high SM RS Cold RS

SADR/SETR Drummond’s willow/arrowleaf groundsel PC SW1137 Cold high SM RS Cold RS

SAEA-SATW/CAAQ Eastwood willow-Tweedy willow/aquatic sedge PC SW1129 Warm high SM RS Warm RS

SAEX coyote willow PA SW1117 Warm moderate SM RS Warm RSSAFA/ALVA Farr’s willow/Pacific onion PC SW1134 Cold high SM RS Cold RS

SALE/MESIC FORB Lemmon’s willow/mesic forb PCT SW1135 Warm moderate SM RS Warm RS

SALIX/CAAQ willow/aquatic sedge PA SW1114 Cool high SM RS Cold RS

SALIX/CACA4 willow/bluejoint reedgrass PA SW1124 Cool moderate SM RS Cold RS

SALIX/CALA30 willow/woolly sedge PA SW1112 Warm moderate SM RS Warm RS

SALIX/CAUT willow/bladder sedge PA SW1123 Warm high SM RS Warm RSSALIX/MESIC FORB willow/mesic forb PCT SW1125 Warm moderate SM RS Warm RS

SALIX/POPR willow/Kentucky bluegrass PCT SW1111 Warm low SM RS Low SM RSSARI2 rigid willow PCT SW1126 Hot moderate SM RS Warm RS

SASC/ELGL Scouler’s willow/blue wildrye PC SW1130 Warm low SM RS Low SM RSSASI2/EQAR Sitka willow/common horsetail PC SW1136 Warm high SM RS Warm RSSCMI2 smallfruit bulrush PA MM2924 Warm high SM RH Warm RH

SCREE scree PC FS90 Cold dry UH Cold UH
75

Potential Vegetation Hierarchy for the Blue Mountains Section of Northeastern Oregon...

Table 8–Potential vegetation types (PVT) of the Blue Mountains section, organized by potential vegetation type codea (continued)PVT code (PLANTS code) PVT common name Status Ecoclass PAG PVG

SETR arrowleaf groundsel PA FW4211 Warm high SM RH Warm RHSETR-MILE2 arrowleaf groundsel-purple monkeyflower PA FW4214 Cool high SM RH Cold RH

SPAN2 narrowleaf bur-reed PA WL0108 Cold high SM RH Cold RH

SPCR (TERRACE) sand dropseed (terrace) PA GB1211 Hot dry UH Dry UHSTOC2 western needlegrass PCT GS10 Cool moist UH Cold UH

STOC2-SIHY (ALPINE) western needlegrass-squirreltail (alpine) PCT GS50 Warm dry UH Dry UH

SYAL common snowberry PCT SM31 Warm moist US Moist USSYAL (FLOODPLAIN) common snowberry (floodplain) PCT SM3110 Hot moderate SM RS Warm RS

SYAL/FEID-AGSP-LUSE4 common snowberry/Idaho fescue-bluebunch wheatgrass-silky lupine PCT GB5121 Warm moist US Moist US

SYAL/FEID-KOCR common snowberry/Idaho fescue-prairie junegrass PCT GB5919 Warm moist US Moist USSYAL-ROSA5 common snowberry-rose PCT SM3111 Warm moist US Moist US

SYOR2 mountain snowberry PCT SM32 Warm moist US Moist USTSME/VAME mountain hemlock/big huckleberry PA CMS231 Cold dry UF Cold UF

TSME/VASC mountain hemlock/grouse huckleberry PA CMS131 Cold dry UF Cold UFTURF turf PC GS70 Cold dry UH Cold UH

TYLA common cattail PC MT8121 Hot high SM RH Warm RH

VEAM2 American speedwell PA FW6112 Warm high SM RH Warm RH

VERAT false hellebore PCT FW51 Warm moderate SM RH Warm RHVERAT false hellebore PC FW5121 Warm moderate SM RH Warm RH

a This tabular summary is organized alphabetically by PVT code (USDA Forest Service 2002). Column descriptions are:

 “PVT code” provides an alphanumeric code for each potential vegetation type; see “naming conventions” section for information about derivation of PVT codes. Note that a PVT

code might be listed twice, in which case the same potential vegetation type was included in more than one potential vegetation classification for the Blue Mountains section (Croweand Clausnitzer 1997, Johnson 2004, Johnson and Clausnitzer 1992, Johnson and Simon 1987, Johnson and Swanson 2005, Wells 2006), but a different ecoclass code wasassigned for each instance. PLANTS code (USDA NRCS 2004) is described in the species list section of this report. “PVT common name” provides a common name for each potential vegetation type; see “naming conventions” section for information about derivation of PVT common names. “Status” provides the classification status of each potential vegetation type: PA is plant association; PC is plant community; PCT is plant community type. “Ecoclass” codes are used to record potential vegetation type determinations on field forms and in computer databases; see “naming conventions” section for information aboutderivation of ecoclass codes. “PAG” (plant association group) and “PVG” (potential vegetation group) are two of the midscale hierarchical units (fig. 2); PAG and PVG codes use the following abbreviations:SM is soil moisture, UF is upland forest physiognomic class, UW is upland woodland physiognomic class, US is upland shrub physiognomic class, UH is upland herb physiognomic class, RF is riparian forest physiognomic class, RS is riparian shrub physiognomic class, and RH is riparian herb physiognomic class.
76

GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PNW-GTR-709 Table 9–Potential vegetation types (PVT) of the Blue Mountains section, organized by ecoclass codea Ecoclass PVT code (PLANTS code) PVT common name Status PAG PVG CAF0 ABLA-PIAL/POPU3 subalpine fir-whitebark pine/Jacob’s ladder PC Cold dry UF Cold UF CAF2 ABLA-PIAL/POPH subalpine fir-whitebark pine/alpine fleeceflower PCT Cold dry UF Cold UF CAF322 PIAL/ARAC2 whitebark pine/prickly sandwort PCT Cold dry UF Cold UF CAF323 PIAL/LUAR3 whitebark pine/silvery lupine PC Cold dry UF Cold UF CAF324 ABLA-PIAL/ARAC2 subalpine fir-whitebark pine/prickly sandwort PC Cold dry UF Cold UF CAG111 ABLA/CAGE2 subalpine fir/elk sedge PA Cold dry UF Cold UF CAG131 PIAL/CAGE2 whitebark pine/elk sedge PA Cold dry UF Cold UF CAG132 ABLA-PIAL/JUPA-STLE2 subalpine fir-whitebark pine/Parry’s rush-Lemmon’s needlegrass PA Cold dry UF Cold UF CAG133 ABLA-PIAL/CAGE2 subalpine fir-whitebark pine/elk sedge PA Cold dry UF Cold UF CAG221 PIAL/FEVI whitebark pine/green fescue PA Cold dry UF Cold UF CAG222 ABLA-PIAL/FEVI subalpine fir-whitebark pine/green fescue PA Cold dry UF Cold UF CAG3 ABLA-PIAL/JUDR subalpine fir-whitebark pine/Drummond’s rush PCT Cold dry UF Cold UF CAS311 PIAL/VASC/LUHI4 whitebark pine/grouse huckleberry/smooth woodrush PA Cold dry UF Cold UF CAS312 PIAL/VASC/ARCO9 whitebark pine/grouse huckleberry/heartleaf arnica PC Cold dry UF Cold UF

CAS313 PIAL/VASC/ARAC2 whitebark pine/grouse huckleberry/prickly sandwort PC Cold dry UF Cold UF

CAS422 PIAL/JUCO6-ARNE whitebark pine/mountain juniper-pinemat manzanita PC Cold dry UF Cold UF

CAS423 ABLA-PIAL/JUCO6-ARNE subalpine fir-whitebark pine/mountain juniper-pinemat manzanita PC Cold dry UF Cold UF

CAS424 ABLA-PIAL/JUCO6 subalpine fir-whitebark pine/mountain juniper PC Cold dry UF Cold UF

CAS511 PIFL2/JUCO6 limber pine/mountain juniper PCT Cold dry UF Cold UF

CAS512 PIAL/RIMO2/POPU3 whitebark pine/mountain gooseberry/Jacob’s ladder PA Cold dry UF Cold UF

CAS611 ABLA-PIAL/RIMO2/POPU3 subalpine fir-whitebark pine/mountain gooseberry/Jacob’s ladder PCT Cold dry UF Cold UF

CAS621 ABLA-PIAL/VASC/ARCO9 subalpine fir-whitebark pine/grouse huckleberry/heartleaf arnica PA Cold dry UF Cold UFCAS622 ABLA-PIAL/VASC/CARO5 subalpine fir-whitebark pine/grouse huckleberry/Ross’ sedge PA Cold dry UF Cold UF

CAS623 ABLA-PIAL/VASC/ARAC2 subalpine fir-whitebark pine/grouse huckleberry/prickly sandwort PCT Cold dry UF Cold UF

CAS624 ABLA-PIAL/VASC-PHEM subalpine fir-whitebark pine/grouse huckleberry-pink mountainheath PCT Cold dry UF Cold UF

CAS625 ABLA-PIAL/VASC/FEVI subalpine fir-whitebark pine/grouse huckleberry/green fescue PC Cold dry UF Cold UF

CAS626 ABLA-PIAL/VASC/OREX subalpine fir-whitebark pine/grouse huckleberry/little ricegrass PC Cold dry UF Cold UF

CAS627 ABLA-PIAL/VASC/LECOW2 subalpine fir-whitebark pine/grouse huckleberry/Wallowa Lewisia PC Cold dry UF Cold UF

CAS628 ABLA-PIAL/VASC-PHEM (AVALANCHE) subalpine fir-whitebark pine/grouse huckleberry-pink mountainheath (avalanche) PC Cold dry UF Cold UFCAS629 ABLA-PIAL/VASC/FEVI (AVALANCHE) subalpine fir-whitebark pine/grouse huckleberry/green fescue (avalanche) PC Cold dry UF Cold UFCDF313 PSME/TRCA Douglas-fir/false bugbane PCT Warm moderate SM RF Warm RF

CDG111 PSME/CAGE2 Douglas-fir/elk sedge PA Warm dry UF Dry UFCDG112 PSME/CARU Douglas-fir/pinegrass PA Warm dry UF Dry UF

CDG121 PSME/CARU Douglas-fir/pinegrass PA Warm dry UF Dry UF

CDG333 PSME-PIPO-JUOC/FEID Douglas-fir-ponderosa pine-western juniper/Idaho fescue PC Warm dry UF Dry UF

CDS611 PSME/HODI Douglas-fir/oceanspray PA Warm moist UF Moist UF

CDS622 PSME/SYAL Douglas-fir/common snowberry PA Warm dry UF Dry UF

CDS623 PSME/SYOR2 Douglas-fir/mountain snowberry PA Warm dry UF Dry UF

CDS624 PSME/SYAL Douglas-fir/common snowberry PA Warm dry UF Dry UF
77

Potential Vegetation Hierarchy for the Blue Mountains Section of Northeastern Oregon...

Table 9–Potential vegetation types (PVT) of the Blue Mountains section, organized by ecoclass codea (continued)Ecoclass PVT code (PLANTS code) PVT common name Status PAG PVG

CDS625 PSME/SYOR2 Douglas-fir/mountain snowberry PA Warm dry UF Dry UF

CDS628 PSME/SYAL (FLOODPLAIN) Douglas-fir/common snowberry (floodplain) PA Warm low SM RF Low SM RF

CDS634 PSME/SPBE2 Douglas-fir/birchleaf spiraea PA Warm dry UF Dry UF

CDS642 PSME/SYOR2/CAGE2 Douglas-fir/mountain snowberry/elk sedge PC Warm dry UF Dry UF

CDS664 PSME/ARNE/CAGE2 Douglas-fir/pinemat manzanita/elk sedge PA Warm dry UF Dry UF

CDS711 PSME/PHMA5 Douglas-fir/mallow ninebark PA Warm dry UF Dry UFCDS722 PSME/ACGL-PHMA5 Douglas-fir/Rocky Mountain maple-mallow ninebark PA Warm moist UF Moist UF

CDS724 PSME/ACGL-PHMA5 (FLOODPLAIN) Douglas-fir/Rocky Mountain maple-mallow ninebark (floodplain) PA Warm moderate SM RF Warm RF

CDS725 PSME/ACGL-SYOR2 Douglas-fir/Rocky Mountain maple-mountain snowberry PC Warm moist UF Moist UF

CDS812 PSME/VAME Douglas-fir/big huckleberry PA Warm dry UF Dry UF

CDS821 PSME/VAME Douglas-fir/big huckleberry PA Warm dry UF Dry UF

CDS911 PSME/RIMO2/POPU3 Douglas-fir/mountain gooseberry/Jacob’s ladder PC Cold dry UF Cold UF

CDSD PSME/CELE3/CAGE2 Douglas-fir/mountain mahogany/elk sedge PCT Warm dry UF Dry UF

CEF111 ABLA/XETE subalpine fir/beargrass PA Cool dry UF Cold UFCEF2 ABLA-PIEN/LIBO3 subalpine fir-Engelmann spruce/twinflower PC Cool moist UF Moist UF

CEF221 ABLA/LIBO3 subalpine fir/twinflower PA Cool moist UF Moist UFCEF311 ABLA/STAM2 subalpine fir/claspleaf twistedstalk PCT Cool wet UF Moist UF

CEF331 ABLA/TRCA subalpine fir/false bugbane PA Cool moist UF Moist UFCEF332 ABLA/ATFI subalpine fir/ladyfern PA Cold high SM RF Cold RF

CEF333 ABLA/SETR subalpine fir/arrowleaf groundsel PA Cold high SM RF Cold RFCEF334 PIEN/ATFI Engelmann spruce/ladyfern PCT Cold high SM RF Cold RF

CEF335 PIEN/SETR Engelmann spruce/arrowleaf groundsel PA Cold high SM RF Cold RFCEF336 ABLA-PIEN/SETR subalpine fir-Engelmann spruce/arrowleaf groundsel PC Cold moist UF Cold UF

CEF411 ABLA/POPU3 subalpine fir/Jacob’s ladder PA Cold dry UF Cold UFCEF412 ABLA/ARCO9 subalpine fir/heartleaf arnica PCT Cool moist UF Moist UF

CEF425 ABLA-PIEN/TRCA subalpine fir-Engelmann spruce/false bugbane PC Cool moist UF Moist UF

CEF426 ABLA-PIEN/POPU3 subalpine fir-Engelmann spruce/Jacob’s ladder PC Cold dry UF Cold UFCEF435 ABLA/ARCO9 subalpine fir/heartleaf arnica PA Cool moist UF Moist UF

CEF436 ABLA-PIEN/ARCO9 subalpine fir-Engelmann spruce/heartleaf arnica PA Cool moist UF Moist UFCEF437 ABLA-PIEN/CLUN2 subalpine fir-Engelmann spruce/queencup beadlily PA Cool moist UF Moist UF

CEF511 ABLA/POPH subalpine fir/alpine fleeceflower PC Cold dry UF Cold UF

CEG131 ABLA-PIEN/LUHI4 subalpine fir-Engelmann spruce/smooth woodrush PC Cold dry UF Cold UF

CEG201 PIEN-ABLA/CASC12 Engelmann spruce-subalpine fir/Holm’s Rocky Mountain sedge PA Cold high SM RF Cold RF

CEG312 ABLA/CARU subalpine fir/pinegrass PA Cool dry UF Cold UFCEG323 ABLA/STOC2 subalpine fir/western needlegrass PCT Cold dry UF Cold UFCEG411 ABLA/FEVI subalpine fir/green fescue PC Cold dry UF Cold UFCEG412 ABLA/JUDR subalpine fir/Drummond’s rush PC Cold dry UF Cold UF

CEG413 ABLA/JUTE subalpine fir/slender rush PC Cold dry UF Cold UF

CEG414 ABLA/JUPA (AVALANCHE) subalpine fir/Parry’s rush (avalanche) PC Cold dry UF Cold UFCEM121 PIEN/CADI6 Engelmann spruce/softleaf sedge PA Cold high SM RF Cold RFCEM122 ABLA/CADI6 subalpine fir/softleaf sedge PCT Cold high SM RF Cold RFCEM123 ABLA/CAAQ subalpine fir/aquatic sedge PCT Cold high SM RF Cold RF

CEM124 ABLA/CACA4 subalpine fir/bluejoint reedgrass PA Cold moderate SM RF Cold RF

CEM125 PIEN/BRVU Engelmann spruce/Columbia brome PCT Cold low SM RF Cold RF
78

GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PNW-GTR-709 Table 9–Potential vegetation types (PVT) of the Blue Mountains section, organized by ecoclass codea (continued) Ecoclass PVT code (PLANTS code) PVT common name Status PAG PVG CEM126 PIEN/CILA2 Engelmann spruce/drooping woodreed PC Cold moderate SM RF Cold RF CEM201 PIEN-ABLA/SETR Engelmann spruce-subalpine fir/arrowleaf groundsel PA Cold high SM RF Cold RF CEM211 PIEN/EQAR Engelmann spruce/common horsetail PA Cold moderate SM RF Cold RF CEM313 ABLA/VAUL/CASC12 subalpine fir/bog blueberry/Holm’s Rocky Mountain sedge PCT Cold high SM RF Cold RF CES131 ABLA/CLUN2 subalpine fir/queencup beadlily PA Cool moist UF Moist UF CES2 ABLA-PIEN/MEFE subalpine fir-Engelmann spruce/rusty menziesia PA Cold moist UF Cold UF CES214 ABLA/RHAL2 subalpine fir/white rhododendron PCT Cold moist UF Cold UF CES215 ABLA-PIEN/RHAL2 subalpine fir-Engelmann spruce/white rhododendron PC Cold moist UF Cold UF CES221 ABLA/MEFE subalpine fir/rusty menziesia PA Cold moist UF Cold UF CES311 ABLA/VAME subalpine fir/big huckleberry PA Cool moist UF Moist UF CES314 ABLA/CLUN2 subalpine fir/queencup beadlily PA Cool moist UF Moist UF CES315 ABLA/VAME subalpine fir/big huckleberry PA Cool moist UF Moist UF CES316 ABLA/VAME (FLOODPLAIN) subalpine fir/big huckleberry (floodplain) PA Cold moderate SM RF Cold RF CES411 ABLA/VASC subalpine fir/grouse huckleberry PA Cold dry UF Cold UF

CES414 ABLA/LIBO3 subalpine fir/twinflower PA Cool moist UF Moist UFCES415 ABLA/VASC/POPU3 subalpine fir/grouse huckleberry/Jacob’s ladder PA Cold dry UF Cold UFCES427 ABLA-PIEN/VASC-PHEM subalpine fir-Engelmann spruce/grouse huckleberry-pink mountainheath PC Cold dry UF Cold UF

CES428 ABLA/VASC-PHEM subalpine fir/grouse huckleberry-pink mountainheath PA Cold dry UF Cold UF

CES429 ABLA/ARNE/ARAC2 subalpine fir/pinemat manzanita/prickly sandwort PC Cool dry UF Cold UFCES511 PIEN/COST4 Engelmann spruce/red osier dogwood PA Cold moderate SM RF Cold RFCES610 ABLA-PIEN/LEGL (FLOODPLAIN) subalpine fir-Engelmann spruce/Labrador tea (floodplain) PA Cold high SM RF Cold RFCES612 ABLA-PIEN/LEGL subalpine fir-Engelmann spruce/Labrador tea PA Cold moist UF Cold UFCES710 ABLA-PIEN/MEFE (FLOODPLAIN) subalpine fir-Engelmann spruce/rusty menziesia (floodplain) PA Cold moderate SM RF Cold RFCES8 ABLA-PIMO3/CHUM subalpine fir-western white pine/prince’s pine PC Cool dry UF Cold UF

CJC1 JUCO6 mountain juniper PC Warm moist US Moist USCJG111 JUOC/FEID-AGSP western juniper/Idaho fescue-bluebunch wheatgrass PA Hot moist UW Moist UW

CJG113 JUOC/AGSP western juniper/bluebunch wheatgrass PCT Hot dry UW Dry UW

CJS1 JUOC/ARAR8 western juniper/low sagebrush PCT Hot dry UW Dry UW

CJS112 JUOC/ARAR8/FEID western juniper/low sagebrush/Idaho fescue PA Hot dry UW Dry UW

CJS2 JUOC/ARTRV/FEID-AGSP western juniper/mountain big sagebrush/Idaho fescue-bluebunch wheatgrass PCT Hot moist UW Moist UW

CJS321 JUOC/PUTR2/FEID-AGSP western juniper/bitterbrush/Idaho fescue-bluebunch wheatgrass PA Hot moist UW Moist UWCJS41 JUOC/CELE3/FEID-AGSP western juniper/mountain mahogany/Idaho fescue-bluebunch wheatgrass PA Hot moist UW Moist UW

CJS42 JUOC/CELE3/CAGE2 western juniper/mountain mahogany/elk sedge PCT Hot moist UW Moist UWCJS5 JUSC2/CELE3 Rocky Mountain juniper-mountain mahogany PC Warm dry UF Dry UFCJS8 JUOC/ARRI2 western juniper/stiff sagebrush PCT Hot dry UW Dry UW

CJS811 JUOC/ARRI2 (SCAB) western juniper/stiff sagebrush (scabland) PCT Hot dry UW Dry UW

CLF211 PICO(ABGR)/LIBO3 lodgepole pine(grand fir)/twinflower PCT Cool moist UF Moist UF

CLG11 PICO(ABLA)/STOC2 lodgepole pine(subalpine fir)/western needlegrass PCT Cold dry UF Cold UF

CLG21 PICO(ABGR)/CARU lodgepole pine(grand fir)/pinegrass PCT Cool dry UF Cold UFCLG322 PICO(ABLA)/CAGE2 lodgepole pine(subalpine fir)/elk sedge PCT Cold dry UF Cold UF

CLM112 PICO/POPR lodgepole pine/Kentucky bluegrass PCT Cold low SM RF Cold RF

CLM114 PICO/CAAQ lodgepole pine/aquatic sedge PA Cold high SM RF Cold RFCLM115 PICO/DECE lodgepole pine/tufted hairgrass PA Cold moderate SM RF Cold RFCLM116 PICO/CALA30 lodgepole pine/woolly sedge PC Cold moderate SM RF Cold RF
79

Potential Vegetation Hierarchy for the Blue Mountains Section of Northeastern Oregon...

Table 9–Potential vegetation types (PVT) of the Blue Mountains section, organized by ecoclass codea (continued)Ecoclass PVT code (PLANTS code) PVT common name Status PAG PVG

CLM117 PICO/CACA4 lodgepole pine/bluejoint reedgrass PC Cold moderate SM RF Cold RF

CLM118 PICO/CASC12 lodgepole pine/Holm’s Rocky Mountain sedge PC Cold high SM RF Cold RF

CLM511 PICO/ALIN2/MESIC FORB lodgepole pine/mountain alder/mesic forb PC Cold moderate SM RF Cold RF

CLS415 PICO(ABLA)/VASC/POPU3 lodgepole pine(subalpine fir)/grouse huckleberry/Jacob’s ladder PCT Cold dry UF Cold UF

CLS416 PICO/CARU lodgepole pine/pinegrass PA Cool dry UF Cold UF

CLS417 PICO(ABGR)/VASC/CARU lodgepole pine(grand fir)/grouse huckleberry/pinegrass PCT Cold dry UF Cold UF

CLS418 PICO(ABLA)/VASC lodgepole pine(subalpine fir)/grouse huckleberry PCT Cold dry UF Cold UF

CLS5 PICO(ABGR)/VAME-LIBO3 lodgepole pine(grand fir)/big huckleberry/twinflower PCT Cool moist UF Moist UF

CLS512 PICO(ABGR)/VAME/CARU lodgepole pine(grand fir)/big huckleberry/pinegrass PCT Cool moist UF Moist UF

CLS513 PICO(ABGR)/VAME lodgepole pine(grand fir)/big huckleberry PCT Cool moist UF Moist UF

CLS514 PICO(ABLA)/VAME lodgepole pine(subalpine fir)/big huckleberry PCT Cool moist UF Moist UF

CLS515 PICO(ABLA)/VAME lodgepole pine(subalpine fir)/big huckleberry PCT Cool moist UF Moist UF

CLS516 PICO(ABLA)/VAME/CARU lodgepole pine(subalpine fir)/big huckleberry/pinegrass PCT Cool moist UF Moist UF

CLS519 PICO(ABGR)/VAME/PTAQ lodgepole pine(grand fir)/big huckleberry/bracken fern PCT Cool moist UF Moist UF

CLS57 PICO(ABGR)/ARNE lodgepole pine(grand fir)/pinemat manzanita PCT Cool dry UF Cold UF

CLS58 PICO(ABGR)/ALSI3 lodgepole pine(grand fir)/Sitka alder PCT Cool very moist UF Moist UFCMS131 TSME/VASC mountain hemlock/grouse huckleberry PA Cold dry UF Cold UF

CMS231 TSME/VAME mountain hemlock/big huckleberry PA Cold dry UF Cold UF

CPC212 PIPO-JUOC/CELE3-SYOR2 ponderosa pine-western juniper/mountain mahogany-mountain snowberry PCT Hot dry UF Dry UF

CPG111 PIPO/AGSP ponderosa pine/bluebunch wheatgrass PA Hot dry UF Dry UF

CPG112 PIPO/FEID ponderosa pine/Idaho fescue PA Hot dry UF Dry UF

CPG131 PIPO/FEID ponderosa pine/Idaho fescue PA Hot dry UF Dry UF

CPG132 PIPO/AGSP ponderosa pine/bluebunch wheatgrass PA Hot dry UF Dry UF

CPG221 PIPO/CARU ponderosa pine/pinegrass PA Warm dry UF Dry UF

CPG222 PIPO/CAGE2 ponderosa pine/elk sedge PA Warm dry UF Dry UF

CPM112 PIPO/POPR ponderosa pine/Kentucky bluegrass PCT Hot low SM RF Low SM RF

CPS131 PIPO/ARTRV/FEID-AGSP ponderosa pine/mountain big sagebrush/Idaho fescue-bluebunch wheatgrass PA Hot dry UF Dry UF

CPS132 PIPO/ARTRV/CAGE2 ponderosa pine/mountain big sagebrush/elk sedge PCT Hot dry UF Dry UF

CPS221 PIPO/PUTR2/CARO5 ponderosa pine/bitterbrush/Ross’ sedge PA Warm dry UF Dry UF

CPS222 PIPO/PUTR2/CAGE2 ponderosa pine/bitterbrush/elk sedge PA Warm dry UF Dry UF

CPS226 PIPO/PUTR2/FEID-AGSP ponderosa pine/bitterbrush/Idaho fescue-bluebunch wheatgrass PA Hot dry UF Dry UFCPS229 PIPO/PUTR2/AGSP-POSA12 ponderosa pine/bitterbrush/bluebunch wheatgrass-Sandberg’s bluegrass PA Hot dry UF Dry UF

CPS231 PIPO/PUTR2/AGSP ponderosa pine/bitterbrush/bluebunch wheatgrass PCT Hot dry UF Dry UF

CPS232 PIPO/CELE3/CAGE2 ponderosa pine/mountain mahogany/elk sedge PA Warm dry UF Dry UF

CPS233 PIPO/CELE3/PONEW ponderosa pine/mountain mahogany/Wheeler’s bluegrass PA Hot dry UF Dry UF

CPS234 PIPO/CELE3/FEID-AGSP ponderosa pine/mountain mahogany/Idaho fescue-bluebunch wheatgrass PA Hot dry UF Dry UF

CPS511 PIPO/SYAL (FLOODPLAIN) ponderosa pine/common snowberry (floodplain) PA Hot low SM RF Low SM RF

CPS522 PIPO/SYAL ponderosa pine/common snowberry PA Warm dry UF Dry UF

CPS523 PIPO/SPBE2 ponderosa pine/birchleaf spiraea PCT Warm dry UF Dry UF

CPS524 PIPO/SYAL ponderosa pine/common snowberry PA Warm dry UF Dry UF

CPS525 PIPO/SYOR2 ponderosa pine/mountain snowberry PA Warm dry UF Dry UF

CPS61 PIPO/ARAR8 ponderosa pine/low sagebrush PCT Hot moist UF Dry UF

CPS722 PIPO/CRDO2 ponderosa pine/black hawthorn PC Hot moderate SM RF Warm RF

CPS8 PIPO/PERA4 ponderosa pine/squaw apple PCT Hot dry UF Dry UF
80

GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PNW-GTR-709 Table 9–Potential vegetation types (PVT) of the Blue Mountains section, organized by ecoclass codea (continued) Ecoclass PVT code (PLANTS code) PVT common name Status PAG PVG CPS9 PIPO/RHGL ponderosa pine/smooth sumac PCT Hot dry UF Dry UF CQM111 PIMO3/DECE western white pine/tufted hairgrass PCT Warm moderate SM RF Warm RF CWC811 ABGR/TABR2/CLUN2 grand fir/Pacific yew/queencup beadlily PA Cool wet UF Moist UF CWC812 ABGR/TABR2/LIBO3 grand fir/Pacific yew/twinflower PA Cool wet UF Moist UF CWF311 ABGR/LIBO3 grand fir/twinflower PA Cool moist UF Moist UF CWF312 ABGR/LIBO3 grand fir/twinflower PA Cool moist UF Moist UF CWF421 ABGR/CLUN2 grand fir/queencup beadlily PA Cool moist UF Moist UF CWF422 ABGR/TABR2/CLUN2 grand fir/Pacific yew/queencup beadlily PA Cool wet UF Moist UF CWF424 ABGR/TABR2/LIBO3 (FLOODPLAIN) grand fir/Pacific yew/twinflower (floodplain) PA Warm high SM RF Warm RF CWF444 ABGR/ARCO9 grand fir/heartleaf arnica PCT Cold dry UF Cold UF CWF511 ABGR/COOC grand fir/goldthread PA Cool dry UF Cold UF CWF512 ABGR/TRCA grand fir/false bugbane PA Cool very moist UF Moist UF CWF611 ABGR/GYDR grand fir/oakfern PA Cool very moist UF Moist UF CWF612 ABGR/POMU-ASCA2 grand fir/swordfern-ginger PA Cool very moist UF Moist UF

CWF613 ABGR/ATFI grand fir/ladyfern PA Warm high SM RF Warm RF

CWG111 ABGR/CAGE2 grand fir/elk sedge PA Warm dry UF Dry UF

CWG112 ABGR/CARU grand fir/pinegrass PA Warm dry UF Dry UF

CWG113 ABGR/CARU grand fir/pinegrass PA Warm dry UF Dry UF

CWG211 ABGR/BRVU grand fir/Columbia brome PA Warm moist UF Moist UFCWM311 ABGR/CALA30 grand fir/woolly sedge PC Warm high SM RF Warm RF

CWS211 ABGR/VAME grand fir/big huckleberry PA Cool moist UF Moist UFCWS212 ABGR/VAME grand fir/big huckleberry PA Cool moist UF Moist UFCWS232 ABGR-CHNO/VAME grand fir-Alaska yellow cedar/big huckleberry PCT Cool moist UF Moist UF

CWS314 ABGR/SYAL (FLOODPLAIN) grand fir/common snowberry (floodplain) PCT Warm low SM RF Low SM RF

CWS321 ABGR/SPBE2 grand fir/birchleaf spiraea PA Warm dry UF Dry UF

CWS322 ABGR/SPBE2 grand fir/birchleaf spiraea PA Warm dry UF Dry UF

CWS412 ABGR/ACGL-PHMA5 grand fir/Rocky Mountain maple-mallow ninebark PCT Warm moist UF Moist UF

CWS423 ABGR/CRDO2/CADE9 grand fir/black hawthorn/Dewey’s sedge PA Warm high SM RF Warm RF

CWS541 ABGR/ACGL grand fir/Rocky Mountain maple PA Warm very moist UF Moist UF

CWS543 ABGR/ACGL (FLOODPLAIN) grand fir/Rocky Mountain maple (floodplain) PA Warm moderate SM RF Warm RF

CWS811 ABGR/VASC grand fir/grouse huckleberry PA Cold dry UF Cold UF

CWS812 ABGR/VASC-LIBO3 grand fir/grouse huckleberry-twinflower PA Cool moist UF Moist UF

CWS912 ABGR/ACGL grand fir/Rocky Mountain maple PA Warm very moist UF Moist UF

FM9111 ERDO-POSA12 Douglas’ buckwheat-Sandberg’s bluegrass PCT Hot dry UH Dry UH

FM9112 ERST4-POSA12 strict buckwheat/Sandberg’s bluegrass PCT Hot dry UH Dry UH

FM9113 ERUM (RIDGE) sulphurflower (ridge) PCT Hot dry UH Dry UH

FS1113 LINU4-CYTEF linanthus-cymopterus PC Cool dry UH Cold UH

FS5912 POPH-FEVI alpine fleeceflower-green fescue PC Cold moist UH Cold UHFS5913 POPH-CARU-CAGE2 alpine fleeceflower-pinegrass-elk sedge PC Cool dry UH Cold UH

FS5914 POPH-CAGE2-LINU4 alpine fleeceflower-elk sedge-linanthus PC Cool dry UH Cold UH

FS5915 POPH-AGUR-LINU4 alpine fleeceflower-horsemint-linanthus PC Cool dry UH Cold UHFS5916 POPH (CORNICES) alpine fleeceflower (cornices) PC Cold moist UH Cold UH

FS80 LINU4-ARLU linanthus-white sagebrush PC Cool dry UH Cold UH

FS81 RUOC2-MAGL2 western coneflower-cluster tarweed PC Cool moist UH Cold UH
81

Potential Vegetation Hierarchy for the Blue Mountains Section of Northeastern Oregon...

Table 9–Potential vegetation types (PVT) of the Blue Mountains section, organized by ecoclass codea (continued)Ecoclass PVT code (PLANTS code) PVT common name Status PAG PVG

FS8101 RUOC2 western coneflower PCT Warm moderate SM RH Warm RH

FS8111 PTAQ-CAHO5 bracken fern-Hood’s sedge PC Cool moist UH Cold UH

FS8112 MOOD mountain balm PC Cool dry UH Cold UH

FS8113 LEPY2-MAGL2 pygmy Lewisia-cluster tarweed PC Cool moist UH Cold UH

FS8115 LINU4-ARLO6 linanthus-longleaf arnica PC Cool moist UH Cold UHFS8116 ERFL4-PECO golden buckwheat-coiled lousewort PC Cool dry UH Cold UH

FS8117 PHLOX-CYTEF phlox-cymopteris PC Cold dry UH Cold UH

FS8118 PHLOX-IVGO phlox-Ivesia PC Cold dry UH Cold UH

FS90 SCREE scree PC Cold dry UH Cold UHFS91 ROCK OUTCROP rock outcrop PC Cold dry UH Cold UH

FS92 GRUS grus PC Cold dry UH Cold UH

FW3911 CACU2 (SEEP) Cusick’s camas (seep) PCT Warm very moist UH Moist UHFW4211 SETR arrowleaf groundsel PA Warm high SM RH Warm RH

FW4212 EQAR common horsetail PA Warm moderate SM RH Warm RHFW4213 ADPE maidenhair fern PCT Warm high SM RH Warm RHFW4214 SETR-MILE2 arrowleaf groundsel-purple monkeyflower PA Cool high SM RH Cold RH

FW51 VERAT false hellebore PCT Warm moderate SM RH Warm RH

FW5121 VERAT false hellebore PC Warm moderate SM RH Warm RHFW6111 METR3 buckbean PC Warm high SM RH Warm RHFW6112 VEAM2 American speedwell PA Warm high SM RH Warm RH

FW6113 SAAR13 brook saxifrage PCT Warm high SM RH Warm RH[none] ALVA Pacific onion PCT Cold high SM RH Cold RH

FW7111 ALVA-CASC12 Pacific onion-Holm’s Rocky Mountain sedge PA Cold high SM RH Cold RHFX4111 LECOW2 (RIM) Wallowa Lewisia (rim) PCT Hot dry UH Dry UH

GB1211 SPCR (TERRACE) sand dropseed (terrace) PA Hot dry UH Dry UH

GB1911 AGSP-SPCR-ARLO3 bluebunch wheatgrass-sand dropseed-red threeawn PCT Hot dry UH Dry UHGB41 AGSP-POSA12 bluebunch wheatgrass-Sandberg’s bluegrass PA Hot dry UH Dry UH

GB4111 AGSP-ERHE2 bluebunch wheatgrass-Wyeth’s buckwheat PA Hot dry UH Dry UH

GB4112 AGSP-POSA12-SCAN3 bluebunch wheatgrass-Sandberg’s bluegrass-narrowleaf skullcap PA Hot dry UH Dry UHGB4113 AGSP-POSA12 (BASALT) bluebunch wheatgrass-Sandberg’s bluegrass (basalt) PA Hot dry UH Dry UHGB4114 AGSP-POSA12-ASCU5 bluebunch wheatgrass-Sandberg’s bluegrass-Cusick’s milkvetch PA Hot dry UH Dry UHGB4115 AGSP-POSA12-ERPU2 bluebunch wheatgrass-Sandberg’s bluegrass-shaggy fleabane PA Hot dry UH Dry UHGB4116 AGSP-POSA12 (GRANITE) bluebunch wheatgrass-Sandberg’s bluegrass (granite) PA Hot dry UH Dry UHGB4117 AGSP-POSA12-PHCO10 bluebunch wheatgrass-Sandberg’s bluegrass-Snake River phlox PA Hot dry UH Dry UHGB4118 AGSP-POSA12-OPPO bluebunch wheatgrass-Sandberg’s bluegrass-pricklypear PA Hot dry UH Dry UHGB4119 AGSP-POSA12-LUPIN bluebunch wheatgrass-Sandberg’s bluegrass-lupine PA Hot dry UH Dry UHGB4121 AGSP-POSA12 bluebunch wheatgrass-Sandberg’s bluegrass PA Hot dry UH Dry UHGB4123 AGSP-POSA12-BASA3 bluebunch wheatgrass-Sandberg’s bluegrass-arrowleaf balsamroot PA Hot dry UH Dry UHGB4124 AGSP-POSA12-ERHE2 bluebunch wheatgrass-Sandberg’s bluegrass-creamy buckwheat PA Hot dry UH Dry UHGB4125 AGSP-POSA12-ASRE5 bluebunch wheatgrass-Sandberg’s bluegrass-Blue Mountain milkvetch PA Hot dry UH Dry UHGB4126 AGSP-POSA12-TRMA3 bluebunch wheatgrass-Sandberg’s bluegrass-bighead clover PA Hot dry UH Dry UHGB4127 AGSP-POSA12-APAN2 bluebunch wheatgrass-Sandberg’s bluegrass-spreading dogbane PA Hot dry UH Dry UHGB4131 AGSP-BRCA5 bluebunch wheatgrass-mountain brome PCT Warm moist UH Moist UHGB4132 AGSP-ERUM bluebunch wheatgrass-sulphurflower buckwheat PCT Hot dry UH Dry UHGB4133 AGSP-CYTEF bluebunch wheatgrass-turpentine cymopterus PCT Hot dry UH Dry UH
82

GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PNW-GTR-709 Table 9–Potential vegetation types (PVT) of the Blue Mountains section, organized by ecoclass codea (continued) Ecoclass PVT code (PLANTS code) PVT common name Status PAG PVG GB4411 POBU-MAGL2 bulbous bluegrass-cluster tarweed PCT Hot dry UH Dry UH GB4911 AGSP-POSA12-DAUN bluebunch wheatgrass-Sandberg’s bluegrass-onespike oatgrass PA Hot dry UH Dry UH GB4915 BERE/AGSP-APAN2 creeping Oregongrape/bluebunch wheatgrass-spreading dogbane PCT Warm dry US Dry US GB5011 MEBU-STOC2 oniongrass-western needlegrass PCT Warm dry UH Dry UH GB5121 SYAL/FEID-AGSP-LUSE4 common snowberry/Idaho fescue-bluebunch wheatgrass-silky lupine PCT Warm moist US Moist US GB59 FEID-AGSP Idaho fescue-bluebunch wheatgrass PA Warm moist UH Moist UH GB5911 FEID-KOCR (RIDGE) Idaho fescue-prairie junegrass (ridge) PA Cool moist UH Cold UH GB5912 FEID-KOCR (MOUND) Idaho fescue-prairie junegrass (mound) PA Cool moist UH Cold UH GB5913 FEID-KOCR (HIGH) Idaho fescue-prairie junegrass (high elevation) PA Cool moist UH Cold UH GB5914 FEID-KOCR (LOW) Idaho fescue-prairie junegrass (low elevation) PA Warm moist UH Moist UH GB5915 FEID-AGSP (RIDGE) Idaho fescue-bluebunch wheatgrass (ridge) PCT Warm moist UH Moist UH GB5916 FEID-AGSP-LUPIN Idaho fescue-bluebunch wheatgrass-lupine PA Warm moist UH Moist UH GB5917 FEID-AGSP-BASA3 Idaho fescue-bluebunch wheatgrass-arrowleaf balsamroot PA Warm moist UH Moist UH GB5918 FEID-AGSP-PHCO10 Idaho fescue-bluebunch wheatgrass-Snake River phlox PA Warm moist UH Moist UH

GB5919 SYAL/FEID-KOCR common snowberry/Idaho fescue-prairie junegrass PCT Warm moist US Moist USGB5920 FEID-DAIN-CAPE7 Idaho fescue-timber oatgrass-Liddon’s sedge PA Warm very moist UH Moist UHGB5921 FEID-CAHO5 Idaho fescue-Hood’s sedge PA Warm moist UH Moist UHGB5922 FEID-CAGE2 Idaho fescue-elk sedge PCT Warm moist UH Moist UHGB5923 FEID-GETR Idaho fescue-red avens PCT Cool moist UH Cold UHGB5924 FEID-PESP2 Idaho fescue-Wallowa penstemon PCT Cool moist UH Cold UHGB5925 FEID-AGSP-CYTEF Idaho fescue-bluebunch wheatgrass-cymopterus PA Warm dry UH Dry UHGB5926 FEID-AGSP-FRALC2 Idaho fescue-bluebunch wheatgrass-Cusick’s frasera PA Cool moist UH Cold UHGB5927 FEID-AGSP-PONEW Idaho fescue-bluebunch wheatgrass-Wheeler’s bluegrass PC Warm dry UH Dry UHGB5931 FEID-AGSP-PHLOX Idaho fescue-bluebunch wheatgrass-phlox PA Warm moist UH Moist UHGB5932 FEID-DAUN Idaho Fescue-onespike oatgrass PCT Warm dry UH Dry UH

GB6011 FESC-FEID rough fescue-Idaho fescue PC Cold dry UH Cold UH

GB7111 ELCI2 basin wildrye PCT Hot very moist UH Moist UH

GB9111 POSA12-DAUN Sandberg’s bluegrass-onespike oatgrass PA Hot dry UH Dry UH

GB9112 POSA12-SELA Sandberg’s bluegrass-lanceleaf stonecrop PC Warm dry UH Dry UHGB9114 DAUN-LOLE2 onespike oatgrass-slenderfruit lomatium PA Hot moist UH Moist UHGM4111 CACA4 bluejoint reedgrass PA Cool moderate SM RH Cold RH

GS10 STOC2 western needlegrass PCT Cool moist UH Cold UH

GS11 FEVI green fescue PA Cold moist UH Cold UHGS1111 FEVI-CAHO5 green fescue-Hood’s sedge PCT Cold moist UH Cold UHGS1112 FEVI-LULA3 green fescue-spurred lupine PA Cold moist UH Cold UH

GS1113 FEVI-JUPA green fescue-Parry’s rush PA Cold dry UH Cold UH

GS1114 FEVI-CARO5 green fescue-Ross’ sedge PCT Cold moist UH Cold UH

GS1115 FEVI-PENST green fescue-penstemon PCT Cold moist UH Cold UHGS1116 FEVI-STOC2 green fescue-western needlegrass PCT Cold moist UH Cold UH

GS1117 FEVI-LICA2 green fescue-Canby’s lovage PC Cold moist UH Cold UH

GS1118 FEVI-AGCA2 green fescue-bearded wheatgrass PC Cold moist UH Cold UHGS1119 FEVI-CASC12 green fescue-Holm’s Rocky Mountain sedge PC Cold moist UH Cold UHGS12 FEID (ALPINE) Idaho fescue (alpine) PCT Cold moist UH Cold UHGS3912 CAGE2-FEID elk sedge-Idaho fescue PC Cold dry UH Cold UH
83

Potential Vegetation Hierarchy for the Blue Mountains Section of Northeastern Oregon...

Table 9–Potential vegetation types (PVT) of the Blue Mountains section, organized by ecoclass codea (continued)Ecoclass PVT code (PLANTS code) PVT common name Status PAG PVG

GS3913 CAGE2-JUPA elk sedge-Parry’s rush PC Cold dry UH Cold UH

GS3914 CAGE2-CARU elk sedge-pinegrass PC Cold dry UH Cold UH

GS3915 CAGE2-POCU3 elk sedge-Cusick’s bluegrass PC Cold dry UH Cold UHGS3916 CAGE2-PHAU3 elk sedge-desert phlox PC Cold dry UH Cold UH

GS3917 CAGE2-STOC2 elk sedge-western needlegrass PC Cold dry UH Cold UHGS4011 CAREX-STOC2 alpine sedges-western needlegrass PC Cold dry UH Cold UH

GS4012 CAHO5-BRCA5 (MEADOW) Hood’s sedge-mountain brome (meadow) PC Cool moist UH Cold UH

GS4013 JUPA-AGGL Parry’s rush-pale agoseris PC Cold dry UH Cold UH

GS50 STOC2-SIHY (ALPINE) western needlegrass-squirreltail (alpine) PCT Warm dry UH Dry UH

GS60 FELLFIELD fellfield PC Cold dry UH Cold UH

GS61 CAHO5-BRCA5 Hood’s sedge-mountain brome PC Cool moist UH Cold UH

GS62 CAHO5-CAGE2 Hood’s sedge-elk sedge PC Cool moist UH Cold UHGS63 CAHO5-POGL9 Hood’s sedge-sticky cinquefoil PC Cool dry UH Cold UH

GS64 CAHO5 Hood’s sedge PCT Cool moist UH Cold UHGS70 TURF turf PC Cold dry UH Cold UHHAF211 ALRU2/PEFRP red alder/sweet coltsfoot PCT Warm moderate SM RF Warm RFHAF226 ALRU2 (ALLUVIAL BAR) red alder (alluvial bar) PCT Warm moderate SM RF Warm RF

HAF227 ALRU2/ATFI red alder/ladyfern PCT Warm high SM RF Warm RFHAS211 ALRU2/PHCA11 red alder/Pacific ninebark PA Warm moderate SM RF Warm RF[none] ALRU2/SYAL red alder/common snowberry PCT Warm moderate SM RF Warm RF

HAS312 ALRU2/SYAL/CADE9 red alder/common snowberry/Dewey’s sedge PCT Warm moderate SM RF Warm RFHAS511 ALRU2/COST4 red alder/red osier dogwood PC Warm moderate SM RF Warm RFHCS112 POTR15/SALA5 black cottonwood/Pacific willow PA Hot moderate SM RF Warm RF

HCS113 POTR15/ALIN2-COST4 black cottonwood/mountain alder-red osier dogwood PA Warm moderate SM RF Warm RFHCS114 POTR15/ACGL black cottonwood/Rocky Mountain maple PCT Warm moderate SM RF Warm RF

HCS311 POTR15/SYAL black cottonwood/common snowberry PCT Hot moderate SM RF Warm RF

HCS312 POTR15/SYAL black cottonwood/common snowberry PCT Hot moderate SM RF Warm RF

HD01 ACGL Rocky Mountain maple PCT Hot low SM RS Low SM RS

HQG112 POTR5/CAGE2 quaking aspen/elk sedge PC Cool very moist UF Moist UF

HQM122 POTR5/POPR quaking aspen/Kentucky bluegrass PCT Hot low SM RF Low SM RF

HQM123 POTR5/CACA4 quaking aspen/bluejoint reedgrass PCT Warm moderate SM RF Warm RF

HQM211 POTR5/CALA30 quaking aspen/woolly sedge PA Warm moderate SM RF Warm RFHQM212 POTR5/CAAQ quaking aspen/aquatic sedge PCT Warm high SM RF Warm RF

HQM511 POTR5/MESIC FORB quaking aspen/mesic forb PCT Warm moderate SM RF Warm RF

HQS221 POTR5/SYAL quaking aspen/common snowberry PCT Hot moderate SM RF Warm RF

HQS222 POTR5/ALIN2-COST4 quaking aspen/mountain alder-red osier dogwood PCT Warm moderate SM RF Warm RFHQS223 POTR5/ALIN2-SYAL quaking aspen/mountain alder-common snowberry PCT Warm moderate SM RF Warm RFMD2111 ALPR3 meadow foxtail PCT Warm low SM RH Low SM RHMD3111 POPR (DRY MEADOW) Kentucky bluegrass (dry meadow) PCT Warm low SM RH Low SM RH

MD3112 POPR (DEGEN BENCH) Kentucky bluegrass (degenerated bench) PCT Cool moist UH Cold UH

MD4111 AGDI thin bentgrass PCT Warm low SM RH Low SM RH

MM1912 DECE tufted hairgrass PA Cool moderate SM RH Cold RHMM2911 CALA30 woolly sedge PA Warm moderate SM RH Warm RH

MM2912 CANE2 Nebraska sedge PCT Warm moderate SM RH Warm RHMM2913 CAEU2 widefruit sedge PA Cold high SM RH Cold RH
84

GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PNW-GTR-709 Table 9–Potential vegetation types (PVT) of the Blue Mountains section, organized by ecoclass codea (continued) Ecoclass PVT code (PLANTS code) PVT common name Status PAG PVG MM2914 CAAQ aquatic sedge PA Cool high SM RH Cold RH MM2915 CASI2 shortbeaked sedge PCT Warm high SM RH Warm RH MM2916 CALU7 woodrush sedge PA Cold high SM RH Cold RH MM2917 CAUT bladder sedge PA Cool high SM RH Cold RH MM2918 CACU5 Cusick’s sedge PA Warm high SM RH Warm RH MM2919 CALE8 lakeshore sedge PA Warm moderate SM RH Warm RH MM2920 CALA11 slender sedge PA Warm high SM RH Warm RH MM2921 CAAM10 bigleaf sedge PA Warm high SM RH Warm RH MM2922 CANU5 torrent sedge PCT Hot high SM RH Warm RH MM2924 SCMI2 smallfruit bulrush PA Warm high SM RH Warm RH MM2925 GLEL tall mannagrass PA Warm high SM RH Warm RH MM2926 PUPA3 weak alkaligrass PA Warm high SM RH Warm RH MM2927 CALE9 Sierra hare sedge PA Cold high SM RH Cold RH MM2928 CALI7 mud sedge PA Cold high SM RH Cold RH

MM2929 CAMI7 smallwing sedge PCT Warm moderate SM RH Warm RHMM2930 CASU6 brown sedge PC Warm moderate SM RH Warm RHMM2932 CASH Sheldon’s sedge PCT Hot moderate SM RH Warm RH

MM2933 CAJO Jones’ sedge PC Warm moderate SM RH Warm RH

MS2111 CANI2 black alpine sedge PA Cold moderate SM RH Cold RH

MS2113 CASC10-SAAR13 northern singlespike sedge-brook saxifrage PA Cold high SM RH Cold RH

MS3111 CASC12 Holm’s Rocky Mountain Sedge PA Cold high SM RH Cold RHMS3112 CAMU7 star sedge PCT Warm moderate SM RH Warm RH

MS3113 CACA11 silvery sedge PCT Warm moderate SM RH Warm RH

MS4111 ELBE delicate spikerush PC Cold high SM RH Cold RH

MT10 NUPO2 Rocky Mountain pondlily PA Cool high SM RH Cold RHMT8121 TYLA common cattail PC Hot high SM RH Warm RH

MW1923 CAVE6 inflated sedge PA Cool high SM RH Cold RH

MW1926 CAST5 sawbeak sedge PCT Warm high SM RH Warm RH

MW2912 CAPR5 clustered field sedge PCT Cold high SM RH Cold RHMW2913 CALA13 smoothstemmed sedge PC Cold high SM RH Cold RH

MW2927 CILA2 drooping woodreed PC Cold high SM RH Cold RH

MW3912 JUBA Baltic rush PCT Warm moderate SM RH Warm RHMW4911 ELPA6 fewflowered spikerush PA Cold high SM RH Cold RH

MW4912 ELPA3 creeping spikerush PA Hot high SM RH Warm RH

NTS111 PHLE4 (TALUS) syringa-bordered talus strips PCT Hot very moist US Moist USSD01 ARLU white sagebrush PCT Warm low SM RH Low SM RH

SD1911 ARAR8/FEID-AGSP low sagebrush/Idaho fescue-bluebunch wheatgrass PA Warm moist US Moist USSD1924 ARAR8/AGSP low sagebrush/bluebunch wheatgrass PA Warm dry US Dry USSD2401 ARTR4/POSA12-DAUN threetip sagebrush/Sandberg’s bluegrass-onespike oatgrass PCT Warm dry US Dry USSD2911 ARTRV/FEID-AGSP mountain big sagebrush/Idaho fescue-bluebunch wheatgrass PA Warm moist US Moist USSD2915 ARTRV/CAGE2 (MONTANE) mountain big sagebrush/elk sedge (montane) PCT Warm moist US Moist US

SD2916 ARTRV-PUTR2/FEID mountain big sagebrush-bitterbrush/Idaho fescue PCT Hot moist US Moist USSD2917 ARTRV-SYOR2/BRCA5 mountain big sagebrush-mountain snowberry/mountain brome PCT Warm moist US Moist US

SD2918 ARTRV/AGSP-POSA12 mountain big sagebrush/bluebunch wheatgrass-Sandberg’s bluegrass PA Warm dry US Dry US
85

Potential Vegetation Hierarchy for the Blue Mountains Section of Northeastern Oregon...

Table 9–Potential vegetation types (PVT) of the Blue Mountains section, organized by ecoclass codea (continuexd)Ecoclass PVT code (PLANTS code) PVT common name Status PAG PVG

SD2919 ARTRV-SYOR2 mountain big sagebrush-mountain snowberry PCT Warm moist US Moist US

SD2920 ARTRV/STOC2 mountain big sagebrush/western needlegrass PC Cool dry US Cold USSD2929 ARTRV/FEID-KOCR mountain big sagebrush/Idaho fescue-prairie junegrass PA Warm moist US Moist USSD30 PERA4-SYOR2 squaw apple-mountain snowberry PCT Hot moist US Moist US

SD3010 ARTRV-PERA4 mountain big sagebrush-squaw apple PCT Warm moist US Moist US

SD3011 ARTRV/ELCI2 mountain big sagebrush/basin wildrye PCT Warm moist US Moist USSD3111 PUTR2/FEID-AGSP bitterbrush/Idaho fescue-bluebunch wheatgrass PA Warm moist US Moist US

SD3112 PUTR2/AGSP bitterbrush/bluebunch wheatgrass PA Hot moist US Moist US

SD3124 PUTR2-ARTRV/FEID-AGSP bitterbrush-mountain big sagebrush/Idaho fescue-bluebunch wheatgrass PA Warm moist US Moist US

SD3125 PUTR2-ARTRV/FEID bitterbrush-mountain big sagebrush/Idaho fescue PCT Warm moist US Moist US

SD3126 PUTR2/ERDO bitterbrush/Douglas’ buckwheat PCT Warm dry US Dry US

SD40 CELE3/CAGE2 mountain mahogany/elk sedge PC Warm moist US Moist US

SD4111 CELE3/FEID-AGSP mountain mahogany/Idaho fescue-bluebunch wheatgrass PA Warm moist US Moist US

SD4112 CELE3/AGSP mountain mahogany/bluebunch wheatgrass PCT Warm dry US Dry US

SD4113 CELE3/CAGE2 mountain mahogany/elk sedge PC Warm moist US Moist US

SD4114 CELE3/PONEW mountain mahogany/Wheeler’s bluegrass PCT Warm dry US Dry US

SD4115 CELE3-PUTR2/AGSP mountain mahogany-bitterbrush/bluebunch wheatgrass PCT Warm moist US Moist US

SD49 CELE3 mountain mahogany PCT Warm dry US Dry USSD5611 CERE2/AGSP netleaf hackberry/bluebunch wheatgrass PA Hot moist US Moist US

SD5612 CERE2/BROMU netleaf hackberry/brome PCT Hot low SM RS Low SM RS

SD6121 RHGL/AGSP smooth sumac/bluebunch wheatgrass PA Hot dry US Dry US

SD65 GLSPA/AGSP spiny greasebush/bluebunch wheatgrass PA Hot dry US Dry US

SD9111 ARRI2/POSA12 (SCAB) stiff sagebrush/Sandberg’s bluegrass (scabland) PA Warm dry US Dry US

SD9141 ARRI2/PEGA stiff sagebrush/Gairdner’s penstemon PCT Warm dry US Dry USSD9221 ARAR8/POSA12 low sagebrush/Sandberg’s bluegrass PA Warm dry US Dry USSD9322 ERIOG-PHOR2 buckwheat/Oregon bladderpod PA Hot dry UH Dry UH

SM1111 PHMA5-SYAL mallow ninebark-common snowberry PCT Warm moist US Moist USSM19 PHMA5-SYAL mallow ninebark-common snowberry PCT Warm moist US Moist USSM1901 PHCA11 Pacific ninebark PC Warm low SM RS Low SM RSSM20 ALSI3 alder snow slides PCT Cold very moist US Cold US

SM3001 PHLE4/MESIC FORB Lewis’ mockorange/mesic forb PCT Hot low SM RS Low SM RSSM31 SYAL common snowberry PCT Warm moist US Moist USSM3110 SYAL (FLOODPLAIN) common snowberry (floodplain) PCT Hot moderate SM RS Warm RSSM3111 SYAL-ROSA5 common snowberry-rose PCT Warm moist US Moist US

SM32 SYOR2 mountain snowberry PCT Warm moist US Moist USSM33 CEVE snowbrush ceanothus PCT Warm moist US Moist USSM34 PREM bitter cherry PC Warm moist US Moist USSM41 BEOC2/PHAR3 water birch/reed canarygrass PC Warm moderate SM RS Warm RSSM5001 RUBA Barton’s raspberry PC Hot low SM RS Low SM RSSM5002 RUDI2 Himalayan blackberry PC Hot moderate SM RS Warm RSSM5912 RUPA thimbleberry PCT Hot moderate SM RS Warm RSSS1912 PHEM (MOUNDS) pink mountainheath (mounds) PA Cold moderate SM RS Cold RSSS4911 ARTRV/CAGE2 mountain big sagebrush/elk sedge PA Cold moist US Cold USSS4914 ARTRV/BRCA5 mountain big sagebrush/mountain brome PCT Warm moist US Moist US
86

GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PNW-GTR-709 Table 9–Potential vegetation types (PVT) of the Blue Mountains section, organized by ecoclass codea (continued) Ecoclass PVT code (PLANTS code) PVT common name Status PAG PVG SS4915 ARTRV/FEVI mountain big sagebrush/green fescue PCT Cold moist US Cold US SS4916 ARTRV/CAHO5 mountain big sagebrush/Hood’s sedge PCT Cold moist US Cold US SS4917 ARTRV/LINU4 mountain big sagebrush/linanthus PCT Cool dry US Cold US SS4918 ARTRV/ERFL4-PHLOX mountain big sagebrush/golden buckwheat-phlox PC Cool dry US Cold US SS4919 POFR4/FEID shrubby cinquefoil/Idaho fescue PCT Warm moist US Moist US SS60 POFR4 shrubby cinquefoil PC Cool moist US Cold US SS6001 POFR4-BEGL shrubby cinquefoil-bog birch PCT Cold moderate SM RS Cold RS SW0101 LEGL/CASC12 Labrador tea/Holm’s Rocky Mountain sedge PC Cold moderate SM RS Cold RS SW0102 LOIN5/ATFI twinberry honeysuckle/ladyfern PC Warm moderate SM RS Warm RS SW1111 SALIX/POPR willow/Kentucky bluegrass PCT Warm low SM RS Low SM RS SW1112 SALIX/CALA30 willow/woolly sedge PA Warm moderate SM RS Warm RS SW1114 SALIX/CAAQ willow/aquatic sedge PA Cool high SM RS Cold RS SW1117 SAEX coyote willow PA Warm moderate SM RS Warm RS SW1121 SACO2/CASC12 undergreen willow/Holm’s Rocky Mountain sedge PA Cold high SM RS Cold RS

SW1123 SALIX/CAUT willow/bladder sedge PA Warm high SM RS Warm RS

SW1124 SALIX/CACA4 willow/bluejoint reedgrass PA Cool moderate SM RS Cold RSSW1125 SALIX/MESIC FORB willow/mesic forb PCT Warm moderate SM RS Warm RS

SW1126 SARI2 rigid willow PCT Hot moderate SM RS Warm RSSW1127 SACO2/CAUT undergreen willow/bladder sedge PCT Cold high SM RS Cold RS

SW1128 SACO2/CAPR5 undergreen willow/clustered field sedge PC Cold high SM RS Cold RS

SW1129 SAEA-SATW/CAAQ Eastwood willow-Tweedy willow/aquatic sedge PC Warm high SM RS Warm RS

SW1130 SASC/ELGL Scouler’s willow/blue wildrye PC Warm low SM RS Low SM RSSW1133 SAAR27 arctic willow PA Cold high SM RS Cold RS

SW1134 SAFA/ALVA Farr’s willow/Pacific onion PC Cold high SM RS Cold RS

SW1135 SALE/MESIC FORB Lemmon’s willow/mesic forb PCT Warm moderate SM RS Warm RS

SW1136 SASI2/EQAR Sitka willow/common horsetail PC Warm high SM RS Warm RSSW1137 SADR/SETR Drummond’s willow/arrowleaf groundsel PC Cold high SM RS Cold RS

SW1138 SABO2/CASC12 Booth’s willow/Holm’s Rocky Mountain sedge PA Cold high SM RS Cold RSSW1139 SABO2/CAVE6 Booth’s willow/inflated sedge PC Cold high SM RS Cold RS

SW2101 ALRH2/RUBUS white alder/blackberry PCT Hot moderate SM RF Warm RF

SW2102 ALRH2/MESIC SHRUB white alder/mesic shrub PCT Hot moderate SM RF Warm RFSW2111 ALSI3/ATFI Sitka alder/ladyfern PA Warm high SM RS Warm RSSW2112 ALSI3/CILA2 Sitka alder/drooping woodreed PA Warm high SM RS Warm RSSW2113 ALSI3/MESIC FORB Sitka alder/mesic forb PCT Warm moderate SM RS Warm RSSW2114 ALIN2/CAAM10 mountain alder/bigleaf sedge PA Warm high SM RS Warm RS

SW2115 ALIN2/CAUT mountain alder/bladder sedge PA Warm high SM RS Warm RSSW2116 ALIN2/ATFI mountain alder/ladyfern PA Warm high SM RS Warm RSSW2117 ALIN2/EQAR mountain alder/common horsetail PA Warm moderate SM RS Warm RSSW2118 ALIN2/CADE9 mountain alder/Dewey’s sedge PCT Warm moderate SM RS Warm RSSW2120 ALIN2/POPR mountain alder/Kentucky bluegrass PCT Warm low SM RS Low SM RS

SW2121 ALIN2/CACA4 mountain alder/bluejoint reedgrass PA Warm moderate SM RS Warm RSSW2122 ALIN2/SCMI2 mountain alder/smallfruit bulrush PCT Warm high SM RS Warm RS

SW2123 ALIN2/CALA30 mountain alder/woolly sedge PA Warm moderate SM RS Warm RS

SW2124 ALIN2/HELA4 mountain alder/common cowparsnip PCT Warm moderate SM RS Warm RS
87

Potential Vegetation Hierarchy for the Blue Mountains Section of Northeastern Oregon...

Table 9–Potential vegetation types (PVT) of the Blue Mountains section, organized by ecoclass codea (continued)Ecoclass PVT code (PLANTS code) PVT common name Status PAG PVG

SW2125 ALIN2/GYDR mountain alder/oakfern PCT Warm moderate SM RS Warm RS

SW2126 ALIN2/CAAQ mountain alder/aquatic sedge PC Warm high SM RS Warm RSSW2127 ALIN2/CALEL mountain alder/densely tufted sedge PC Warm moderate SM RS Warm RSSW2128 ALIN2/CALU7 mountain alder/woodrush sedge PC Warm low SM RS Low SM RSSW2211 ALIN2-SYAL mountain alder-common snowberry PA Warm low SM RS Low SM RSSW2215 ALIN2/GLEL mountain alder/tall mannagrass PA Warm high SM RS Warm RSSW2216 ALIN2-COST4/MESIC FORB mountain alder-red osier dogwood/mesic forb PA Warm moderate SM RS Warm RS

SW2217 ALIN2-RIBES/MESIC FORB mountain alder-currants/mesic forb PA Warm moderate SM RS Warm RSSW3111 CRDO2/MESIC FORB black hawthorn/mesic forb PCT Hot low SM RS Low SM RS

SW3112 BEOC2/MESIC FORB water birch/mesic forb PCT Warm moderate SM RS Warm RS

SW3113 BEOC2/WET SEDGE water birch/wet sedge PCT Warm high SM RS Warm RSSW3114 AMAL2 western serviceberry PCT Hot low SM RS Low SM RS

SW3124 HELA4-ELGL common cowparsnip/blue wildrye PC Warm moderate SM RH Warm RH

SW4133 COST4/ATFI red osier dogwood/ladyfern PA Warm high SM RS Warm RSSW5111 RIBES/CILA2 currants/drooping woodreed PCT Warm high SM RS Warm RSSW5112 COST4 red osier dogwood PA Warm moderate SM RS Warm RSSW5113 POFR4/DECE shrubby cinquefoil/tufted hairgrass PA Warm moderate SM RS Warm RSSW5114 POFR4/POPR shrubby cinquefoil/Kentucky bluegrass PCT Warm low SM RS Low SM RSSW5115 RIBES/MESIC FORB currants/mesic forb PCT Warm moderate SM RS Warm RSSW5116 RIBES/GLEL currants/tall mannagrass PCT Warm high SM RS Warm RSSW5117 RHAL/MESIC FORB alderleaf buckthorn/mesic forb PCT Warm moderate SM RS Warm RSSW5118 COST4/SAAR13 red osier dogwood/brook saxifrage PCT Warm high SM RS Warm RSSW6111 ARCA13/DECE silver sagebrush/tufted hairgrass PA Hot moderate SM RS Warm RSSW6112 ARCA13/POPR silver sagebrush/Kentucky bluegrass PCT Hot low SM RS Low SM RS

SW6113 ARTRV/POCU3 mountain big sagebrush/Cusick’s bluegrass PA Hot low SM RS Low SM RS

SW6114 ARCA13/POCU3 silver sagebrush/Cusick’s bluegrass PCT Hot low SM RS Low SM RS

SW901 KAMI/CANI2 alpine laurel/black alpine sedge PA Cold high SM RS Cold RSWL0108 SPAN2 narrowleaf bur-reed PA Cold high SM RH Cold RH

a This tabular summary is organized alphabetically by ecoclass code (USDA Forest Service 2002). Column descriptions are the same as for appendix table 8.

PAG = plant association group, PVG = potential vegetation group.
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