J-S05016-23

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

IN RE: ADOPTION OF: M.M., JR.

APPEAL OF: G.L., MOTHER

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 IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF

 PENNSYLVANIA

 No. 1281 WDA 2022

Appeal from the Decree Entered October 7, 2022

In the Court of Common Pleas of Fayette County Orphans' Court at 

No(s): No 18 Adopt 2022

IN RE: ADOPTION OF: R.M.

APPEAL OF: G.L., MOTHER

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 IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF

 PENNSYLVANIA

 No. 1282 WDA 2022

Appeal from the Decree Entered October 7, 2022

In the Court of Common Pleas of Fayette County Orphans' Court at 

No(s): No 19 Adopt 2022

BEFORE: BENDER, P.J.E., LAZARUS, J., and McLAUGHLIN, J.

MEMORANDUM BY LAZARUS, J.: FILED: March 28, 2023
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G.L. (Mother) appeals1from the decrees,2 entered in the Fayette County 

Orphans’ Court, terminating her parental rights to her two minor children, 

M.M., Jr. (born April 2019) and R.M. (born May 2016) (Children).

3

 Mother 

acknowledges that due to her incarceration, drug addiction, and unstable 

housing, she did not meet any of her Family Service Plan (FSP) goals. Mother 

argues, however, that Fayette County Children and Youth Services Agency 

(CYS) did not provide her with services in meeting those goals during her 

incarceration, and, consequently, she was denied the opportunity to fully 

engage in reunification services. After our review, we find this claim meritless, 

and we affirm. 

On October 15, 2020, Children were removed from Mother’s care as a 

result of Mother’s substance abuse, mental health issues, and unstable 

housing. On April 4, 2022, CYS filed petitions to terminate Mother’s parental 

rights to Children pursuant to the Adoption Act.

4 The court held a termination 

____________________________________________

1 Mother has complied with the dictates of Commonwealth v. Walker, 185 

A.3d 969 (Pa. 2018), by filing a separate notice of appeal for each Orphans’ 

Court docket number. See In re: M.P., 204 A.3d 976 (Pa. Super. 2019) 

(applying Walker holding in termination of parental rights context).

2 By order dated December 5, 2022, this Court sua sponte consolidated these 

appeals as they involve related parties and issues. See Pa.R.A.P. 513.

3 On October 7, 2022, the Orphans’ Court granted Father’s petitions to 

voluntarily relinquish his parental rights to Children. 

4 23 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 2101-2938.
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hearing on August 24, 2022. At the hearing, the court heard testimony from

three CYS caseworkers, a Justice Works5 supervisor, and Mother, who was 

represented by counsel.

6

Terry Brown, a Justice Works supervisor, testified that Mother 

completed 3 of 18 classes in the nurturing parent program. He stated that 

CYS sent Justice Works the referral for Mother in February 2021, that Mother 

began classes on March 1, 2021, and, after April 5, 2021, she did not attend 

more classes. N.T. Termination Hearing, 8/24/22, at 9-12. Brown also 

testified that during the period from February 23, 2021, through January 27, 

2022, Mother attended only 41 of 106 supervised visits with Children.7 Id.

at 13. Brown also explained that Mother was subject to random drug screens

____________________________________________

5 Justice Works is a child and family services agency, which CYS utilizes to 

support its efforts “to create safety, permanency, and well-being for Fayette 

children.” See https://www.justiceworksyouthcare.com/2014/12/17/fayettecounty-children-and-youth-services-selects-justiceworks-for-intensive-inhome-services/ (last visited 3/9/23). 

6 The court appointed Brent Eric Peck, Esquire, as guardian ad litem for 

Children. Attorney Peck represented Children’s legal interests as well, 

perceiving no conflict. See N.T. Termination Hearing, 8/24/22, at 6. In Re: 

T.S., E.S., 192 A.3d 1080, 1092 (Pa. 2018) (“[D]uring contested terminationof-parental-rights proceedings, where there is no conflict between a child’s 

legal and best interests, an attorney-guardian ad litem representing the child’s 

best interests can also represent the child’s legal interests.”). Attorney Peck 

has filed a statement in lieu of a brief on appeal, indicating his agreement with 

Judge Cordaro’s termination decrees. See Statement in Lieu of Brief, 

1/10/23.

7 Additionally, Mother confirmed 28 visits, but did not appear for them. 
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twice a week, and that she tested positive on many occasions, including during 

visits. Id. at 15, 19-20.

8 He testified that efforts were made to schedule

twice-a-week drug screens, whether by visits or phone calls, however, either 

Mother was not always available or staff was unable to reach her by phone. 

Id. at 27.

CYS caseworker Tiffany Marghella, the first caseworker to handle this 

case, testified that Mother’s FSP consisted of the following: a drug and alcohol 

assessment; successfully addressing drug and alcohol concerns; obtaining a

mental health evaluation; maintaining appropriate housing; completing 

parenting classes; maintaining a bond with Children while they were in foster

care; and cooperating with CYS. Id. at 30-33. She stated that she met with 

Mother to go over the FSP goals in February 2021, that Mother signed the 

plan, and that the plan was reviewed every six months. Caseworker Marghella 

noted that she met with Mother on March 22, 2021, went over the service 

plan with her and provided her another copy since Mother stated she had lost

her copy. Id. at 40. In August 2021, the plan remained the same because 

Mother had not completed the goals. Id. at 33-34. Specifically, Marghella 

stated that Mother did not keep in touch with CYS, CYS had difficulty reaching 

____________________________________________

8 Counsel for CYS read the laboratory drug screen reports into the record, 

stating that Mother tested positive for cocaine, barbiturates, buprenorphine, 

marijuana, morphine, and methamphetamine, or combinations of these drugs, 

on the following dates: March 2, 4, 8, 19, 21 of 2021; April 8, 20, 27 of 2021; 

May 4, 2021; June 15, 29 of 2021; July 1, 6, 8, 27, 29 of 2021; September 

7, 2021; October 22, 2021; December 2, 2021; and January 1, 13, 2022. See

N.T. Termination Hearing, supra at 15-17. On her last visit with Children, 

January 27, 2022, Mother refused the drug test. Id. at 28. 
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her because her whereabouts and phone number changed often, Mother was 

inconsistent with visits and, ultimately, Mother’s visitation rights were 

suspended on May 18, 2021, after she missed four visits in a row, Mother 

consistently failed drug screens, was noncompliant with drug and alcohol 

counseling, was discharged from nurturing parenting classes for 

noncompliance, and did not compete a mental health evaluation. Id. at 35-

42. Mother did undergo a mental health evaluation on May 3, 2021, which 

recommended drug and alcohol therapy as well as mental health therapy, 

however, Marghella testified Mother did not complete any of the goals related 

to drug and alcohol therapy, mental health therapy, or housing. Id. at 41-

43. 

CYS caseworker Jesse Davis, Mother’s caseworker from September 

2021 to April 2022, testified that during that period, “she never had a good 

phone number for [M]other. . . [and] I did not have a good address for her 

either.” Id. at 54-55. Caseworker Davis also testified that Mother continued 

to test positive on drug screens even after completing inpatient rehabilitation 

at Pyramid Rehabilitation Center, that Mother admitted to her she “was still 

using” as of December 2021, and that Mother refused Davis’s offer to help her 

get back into rehabilitation or get her into a shelter. Id. at 55-56. Davis 

clarified that the only time Mother reached out to her was when she contacted 

Davis to ask “if she could sign over the [C]hildren to her mother.” Id. at 59. 

Davis concluded that Mother did not complete any of the goals in the FSP. Id.

at 60.
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On March 28, 2022, the FSP goal was changed from reunification to 

adoption. Id. at 73. On April 18, 2022, Mother was incarcerated.

Caseworker Jessica Roberts, the caseworker at the time of the 

termination hearing, testified that she began working with Mother on May 1, 

2022, that Mother was incarcerated at that time, and that she spoke with 

Mother about her FSP goals. Id. at 67-68. Roberts confirmed that at that 

time, and as of the date of the termination hearing, Mother had reached none 

of those goals. Id. at 68-69.

Finally, Mother testified. Mother stated that she was incarcerated in 

county jail on April 18, 2022 as a result of a probation violation, and, after 

three months, she was transferred to a state correctional facility. Mother 

testified that caseworker Roberts never visited her while in she was 

incarcerated, that she called caseworker Roberts several times to try to 

arrange for video visits with Children, and that no one from CYS mentioned 

services available to her while incarcerated. Id. at 76-78. Mother also 

asserted that, prior to her incarceration, and contrary to caseworker 

Marghella’s testimony, “[CYS] never offered me anything. They said that I 

had to do everything on my own.” Id. at 82. 

Following the hearing, the court granted the petitions for termination, 

finding CYS had presented clear and convincing evidence that termination was 
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appropriate under sections 2511(a)(1), (5), and (b),9 and finding that 

Mother’s testimony regarding CYS’s failures was not credible. See Trial Court 

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9 Section 2511 provides, in relevant part: 

(a) General rule.--The rights of a parent in regard to a child may be 

terminated after a petition filed on any of the following grounds:

(1) The parent by conduct continuing for a period of at least six 

months immediately preceding the filing of the petition either has 

evidenced a settled purpose of relinquishing parental claim to a 

child or has refused or failed to perform parental duties.

 * * *

(5) The child has been removed from the care of the parent by 

the court or under a voluntary agreement with an agency for a 

period of at least six months, the conditions which led to the 

removal or placement of the child continue to exist, the parent 

cannot or will not remedy those conditions within a reasonable 

period of time, the services or assistance reasonably available to 

the parent are not likely to remedy the conditions which led to the 

removal or placement of the child within a reasonable period of 

time and termination of the parental rights would best serve the 

needs and welfare of the child.

(b) Other considerations.--The court in terminating the rights 

of a parent shall give primary consideration to the developmental, 

physical and emotional needs and welfare of the child. The rights 

of a parent shall not be terminated solely on the basis of 

environmental factors such as inadequate housing, furnishings, 

income, clothing and medical care if found to be beyond the 

control of the parent. With respect to any petition filed pursuant 

to subsection (a)(1), (6) or (8), the court shall not consider any 

efforts by the parent to remedy the conditions described therein 

which are first initiated subsequent to the giving of notice of the 

filing of the petition.

23 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 2511(a)(1), (5), (b).
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Opinions, 11/17/22, at 5. See also In re C.P., 901 A.2d 516, 520 (Pa. Super. 

2006) (party seeking termination of parental rights bears burden of proving 

by clear and convincing evidence that at least one of eight grounds for 

termination under 23 Pa.C.S.A § 2511(a) exists and that termination 

promotes emotional needs and welfare of child set forth in 23 Pa.C.S.A § 

2511(b)).

Mother filed a notice of appeal. Both Mother and the trial court have 

complied with Pa.R.A.P. 1925. Mother raises the following issue for our 

review: whether the trial court erred in granting CYS’s petition to terminate 

Mother’s parental rights to M.M., Jr., and R.M., when CYS failed to provide 

adequate reunification services while Mother was incarcerated. See 

Appellant’s Brief, at 3. 

We review a trial court’s decision to involuntarily terminate parental 

rights for an abuse of discretion or error of law. In re A.R., 837 A.2d 560, 

563 (Pa. Super. 2003). Our scope of review is limited to determining whether 

the trial court’s order is supported by competent evidence. Id. See also In 

re Adoption of S.P., 47 A.3d 817, 826-27 (Pa. 2012) (even where facts could 

support opposite result, appellate court must not second guess trial court and 

impose its own credibility determinations and judgment); In re Adoption of 

A.C.H., 803 A.2d 224, 228 (Pa. Super. 2002) (trial court, as finder of fact, is

sole determiner of witness credibility).
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The Honorable Linda R. Cordaro made the following findings with respect 

to the evidence supporting termination of Mother’s parental rights to Children 

pursuant to section 2511(a)(5):

Here, [Children] had been in the [] foster home since October 

2020. Section 2511(a)(5) includes that

. . . the conditions which led to the removal or placement of 

the child continued to exist, the parent cannot or will not 

remedy the condition which led to the removal or placement 

of the child within a reasonable period of time, and the 

termination of parental rights would best serve the needs 

and welfare of the child.

Here, the conditions [that] led to [Children’s] placement involved 

Mother’s drug use. CYS subsequently developed a [FSP] with the 

goal of achieving reunification, and the requirements of the [FSP] 

appropriately addressed the issues that caused the placement of 

[Children]. Specifically, the [FSP] required Mother to undergo a 

drug and alcohol assessment, to maintain sobriety; to address her 

mental health needs; to maintain a bond with [Children] through 

regular visitation; and to complete parenting classes. Although

Mother did enter into a FSP, and she acknowledged that she 

understood the [FSP], she failed to address her drug addiction. 

By her own admission, prior to her incarceration on April 18, 2022, 

she had not been sober since 2017. She also acknowledged that 

she had not had [Children] in her care since October 2020. 

Trial Court Opinion, 11/17/22, at 10-11.10 Thus, the court’s findings that 

Children had been removed for at least six months, the conditions that led to 

placement of Children continued to exist, and that Mother either could not or 

did not remedy those conditions in a reasonable period of time based on 

services available to her, is supported in the record. In re A.R., supra. 

____________________________________________

10 We note Judge Cordaro wrote separate opinions for M.M., Jr., and R.M., 

which are virtually identical; therefore, it is unnecessary to cite to both

opinions. 
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Moreover, the court found that M.M., Jr., who was age three at the time of the 

hearing, and R.M., who was age six at the time of the hearing, had been in 

the foster home for 22 months, that the foster family was a permanency 

option for Children, and that Children identified foster family as their family, 

and, as such, concluded termination would best serve the developmental, 

physical, and emotional needs and welfare of Children. See 23 Pa.C.S.A. §§

2511(a)(5), (b). 

After our review, we find that CYS presented sufficient evidence to 

support the court’s decrees terminating Mother’s parental rights pursuant to 

sections 2511(a)(5) and (b), and we find no error or abuse of discretion. See

In re A.R., supra; see also In re B.L.W., 843 A.2d 380, 384 (Pa. Super. 

2004) (en banc) (this Court can affirm trial court’s decision regarding 

termination of parental rights with regard to any single subsection of section 

2511(a)). 

Furthermore, the court found Mother’s testimony that CYS did not 

provide services for reunification prior to her incarceration not credible. We 

will not disturb that finding. In re Adoption of A.C.H., supra. Furthermore, 

Mother’s claim is belied by the record. CYS presented clear and convincing 

evidence that Mother was provided ample services and opportunity to 

complete her goals and achieve reunification, but that Mother made neither 

significant nor consistent strides to do so. Despite CYS’s reasonable efforts in

providing services, Mother was unable to maintain sobriety or complete any 

of her FSP goals. Mother’s attempt to place blame on CYS for failing to support 
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her through her incarceration is, simply stated, misguided. See In re N.C., 

909 A.2d 818, 823 (Pa. Super. 2006) (“[W]hen the child welfare agency has 

made reasonable efforts to return a foster child to . . . [his or] her biological 

parent, but those efforts have failed, then the agency must redirect its efforts 

towards placing the child in an adoptive home.”); see also In re N.W., 859 

A.2d 501, 508 (Pa. Super. 2004) (“To address the issue of foster home drift, 

the [Adoption and Safe Families Act] has made a commitment to, and 

Pennsylvania statutes mandate, permanency planning such that, ‘when a child 

is placed in foster care, after reasonable efforts have been made to establish 

the biological relationship, the needs and welfare of the child require CYS and 

foster care institutions to work toward termination of parental rights, placing 

the child with adoptive parents.’”) (citations omitted). 

Here, the record establishes that CYS’s efforts at providing services to 

Mother from the time Children were removed were reasonable, that Mother

was unable to meet her FSP goals despite those services, and that after the 

goal was changed from reunification to adoption, CYS’s focus on permanency 

planning for Children with the foster family was appropriate. See In re 

S.C.B., 990 A2d 762 (Pa. Super. 2010). 

Decrees affirmed.
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Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.

Prothonotary

Date: 3/28/2023