U.S. Department of the Interior

U.S. Geological Survey

Scientific Investigations Report 2007–5253

Prepared in cooperation with the Kansas Water Office

Potentiometric Surfaces in the Springfield Plateau and Ozark 

Aquifers of Northwestern Arkansas, Southeastern Kansas, 

Southwestern Missouri, and Northeastern Oklahoma, 2006
Potentiometric Surfaces in the 

Springfield Plateau and Ozark Aquifers 

of Northwestern Arkansas, Southeastern 

Kansas, Southwestern Missouri, and 

Northeastern Oklahoma, 2006

By Jonathan A. Gillip, John B. Czarnecki, and Douglas N. Mugel

Prepared in cooperation with the Kansas Water Office

Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5253

U.S. Department of the Interior

U.S. Geological Survey
U.S. Department of the Interior

DIRK KEMPTHORNE, Secretary

U.S. Geological Survey

Mark D. Myers, Director

U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2008

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Suggested citation:

Gillip, J.A., Czarnecki, J.B., and Mugel, D.N., 2008, Potentiometric surfaces in the Springfield Plateau and Ozark aquifers of northwestern Arkansas, southeastern Kansas, southwestern Missouri, and northeastern Oklahoma, 2006: U.S. 

Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5253, 25 p.
iii

Contents

Abstract...........................................................................................................................................................1

Introduction.....................................................................................................................................................1

Purpose and Scope .......................................................................................................................................2

Hydrogeologic Setting...................................................................................................................................3

Springfield Plateau Aquifer.................................................................................................................3

Ozark Aquifer.........................................................................................................................................6

Potentiometric-Surface Construction Methods .......................................................................................6

Potentiometric Surfaces...............................................................................................................................7

Summary..........................................................................................................................................................9

Selected References.....................................................................................................................................9

Appendix 1. Information pertaining to wells completed in the Springfield Plateau aquifer..........13

Appendix 2. Information pertaining to wells completed in the Ozark aquifer..................................17

Appendix 3. Information pertaining to springs in the Springfield Plateau aquifer ..........................23

Appendix 4. Information pertaining to springs in the Ozark aquifeR .................................................25

Plates

[End of report]

1. Map showing potentiometric surface of the Springfield Plateau aquifer in

 northwestern Arkansas, southeastern Kansas, southwestern Missouri, and

 northeastern Oklahoma, 2006

2. Map showing potentiometric surface of the Ozark aquifer in northwestern

 Arkansas, southeastern Kansas, southwestern Missouri, and northeastern

 Oklahoma, 2006

Figures

1. Map showing physiographic subdivisions of the Ozark Plateaus Province and

adjacent areas ..............................................................................................................................2

2. Generalized hydrogeologic section of the Ozark Plateaus aquifer system and adjacent

hydrogeologic units......................................................................................................................4

Tables

1. General correlation of hydrogeologic units of the Springfield Plateau aquifer, 

the Ozark confining unit, the Ozark aquifer, and the St. Francois confining unit...............5
iv

Conversion Factors and Datums

Multiply By To obtain

Length

foot (ft) 0.3048 meter (m)

mile (mi) 1.609 kilometer (km)

foot per mile (ft/mi) 0.1894 meters per kilometer (m/km)

Area

square mile (mi2

) 2.590 square kilometer (km2)

Flow rate

foot per day (ft/d) 0.3048 meter per day (m/d)

gallon per minute (gal/m) 0.6308 liter per second (L/s)

Altitude, as used in this report, refers to distance above the vertical datum, and is referenced 

to the National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD of 1929).

Latitude and longitude are referenced to the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD of 1983).
Potentiometric Surfaces in the Springfield Plateau and 

Ozark Aquifers of Northwestern Arkansas, Southeastern 

Kansas, Southwestern Missouri, and Northeastern 

Oklahoma, 2006

By Jonathan A. Gillip, John B. Czarnecki, and Douglas N. Mugel

Abstract

The Springfield Plateau and Ozark aquifers are important 

sources of ground water in the Ozark Plateaus aquifer system. 

Water from these aquifers is used for agricultural, domestic, 

industrial, and municipal water sources. Changing water 

use over time in these aquifers presents a need for updated 

potentiometric-surface maps of the Springfield Plateau and 

Ozark aquifers.

The Springfield Plateau aquifer consists of water-bearing 

Mississippian-age limestone and chert. The Ozark aquifer 

consists of Late Cambrian to Middle Devonian age water-bearing rocks consisting of dolostone, limestone, and sandstone. 

Both aquifers are complex with areally varying lithologies, 

discrete hydrologic units, varying permeabilities, and secondary permeabilities related to fractures and karst features. 

During the spring of 2006, ground-water levels were 

measured in 285 wells. These data, and water levels from 

selected lakes, rivers, and springs, were used to create potentiometric-surface maps for the Springfield Plateau and Ozark 

aquifers. Linear kriging was used initially to construct the 

water-level contours on the maps; the contours were subsequently modified using hydrologic judgment. The potentiometric-surface maps presented in this report represent groundwater conditions during the spring of 2006. During the spring 

of 2006, the region received less than average rainfall. Dry 

conditions prior to the spring of 2006 could have contributed 

to the observed water levels as well.

The potentiometric-surface map of the Springfield Plateau aquifer shows a maximum measured water-level altitude 

within the study area of about 1,450 feet at a spring in Barry 

County, Missouri, and a minimum measured water-level altitude of 579 feet at a well in Ottawa County, Oklahoma. Cones 

of depression occur in Dade, Lawrence and Newton Counties 

in Missouri and Delaware and Ottawa Counties in Oklahoma. 

These cones of depression are associated with private wells. 

Ground water in the Springfield Plateau aquifer generally 

flows to the west in the study area, and to surface features 

(lakes, rivers, and springs) particularly in the south and east of 

the study area where the Springfield Plateau aquifer is closest 

to land surface. 

The potentiometric-surface map of the Ozark aquifer 

indicates a maximum measured water-level altitude of 1,303 

feet in the study area at a well in Washington County, Arkansas, and a minimum measured water-level altitude of 390 feet 

in Ottawa County, Oklahoma. The water in the Ozark aquifer 

generally flows to the northwest in the northern part of the 

study area and to the west in the remaining study area. Cones 

of depression occur in Barry, Barton, Cedar, Jasper, Lawrence, McDonald, Newton, and Vernon Counties in Missouri, 

Cherokee and Crawford Counties in Kansas, and Craig and 

Ottawa Counties in Oklahoma. These cones of depression are 

associated with municipal supply wells. The flow directions, 

based on both potentiometric-surface maps, generally agree 

with flow directions indicated by previous studies.

Introduction

The Springfield Plateau and Ozark aquifers are important 

sources of ground water in the Ozark Plateaus Province (fig. 

1). The Springfield Plateau aquifer is an important source 

of ground water primarily for domestic and agricultural use. 

The Ozark aquifer is the primary source of ground water in 

the Ozark Plateaus Province (Fennemen and Johnson, 1946), 

which includes parts of Arkansas, Kansas, Missouri, and 

Oklahoma (fig. 1), supplying water for municipal, agricultural, 

industrial, and private use. 

In Arkansas, the amount of water withdrawn from the 

Ozark aquifer increased steadily through the 1990’s but began 

to decline by 2000 (Holland, 1987, 1993, 1999, 2004) as 

municipal supply wells were abandoned in favor of surfacewater impoundments. In addition, many domestic wells 

were abandoned as municipal water became available in rural 

areas. In Kansas, water use has shifted to the Ozark aquifer as 

concerns with contamination of the Springfield Plateau aquifer 
2 Potentiometric Surfaces in the Springfield Plateau and Ozark Aquifers

have resulted in a court order for the development of rural 

water districts (Iona Branscum, Kansas Water Office, written 

commun., 2007). Missouri relies heavily on the Ozark aquifer 

for municipal supply but the Springfield Plateau aquifer also 

is widely used. In Oklahoma, the Springfield Plateau aquifer 

and to a greater extent the Ozark aquifer continue to be used 

for municipal, agricultural, and domestic supplies. Water-use 

changes and future water-availability questions in these aquifers present a need for updated potentiometric-surface maps of 

the Springfield Plateau and Ozark aquifers.

The U. S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with 

the Kansas Water Office (and supported in part by Kansas 

State Water Plan) conducted a study in 2006 of the potentiometric surfaces of the Springfield Plateau and Ozark aquifers 

as part of a water availability investigation in a study area containing parts of northwestern Arkansas, southeastern Kansas, 

southwestern Missouri, and northeastern Oklahoma (fig. 1). 

The study area covers approximately 12,700 square miles. 

Purpose and Scope 

The purpose of this report is to describe the potentiometric-surface maps of the Springfield Plateau and Ozark aquifers 

in the study area representing conditions during the spring 

of 2006. The potentiometric-surface maps presented in this 

report allow comparison to water levels presented by previous 

investigators and provide a baseline to compare future changes 

in water levels in the study area. The potentiometric surfaces 

KANSAS

ARKANSAS

MISSOURI

OKLAHOMA

39°

38°

37°

36°

35°

96° 95° 94° 93° 92°

90°

91°

Figure 1. Physiographic subdivsions of the Ozark Plateaus Province and adjacent areas (modified from Imes and

Emmett, 1994).

0

0 50 KILOMETERS

50 MILES

OZARK

PLATEAUS

PROVINCE

PROVINCE

OUACHITA

OUACHITA MOUNTAINS

MOUNTAINS

BOSTON

ARKANSAS

VALLEY

MISSISSIPPI ALLUVIAL PLAIN

SPRINGFIELD PLATEAU

PLATEAU

SALEM INTERIOR PLAINS

 ST.

FRANCOIS

 MOUNTAINS

Taum

Sauk

Mountain

KANSAS

ARKANSAS

MISSOURI

OKLAHOMA

LOCATION MAP

Area enlarged
Hydrogeologic Setting 3

and water-level measurements are necessary components for 

constructing ground-water flow models that can be used to 

simulate ground-water flow in the Springfield Plateau and 

Ozark aquifers. 

The potentiometric-surface maps presented in this report 

are the first potentiometric surfaces created from recent 

(2006) data for the Springfield Plateau and Ozark aquifers 

over the study area. A potentiometric surface of the Ozark 

aquifer in northern Arkansas was created from 2004 data 

(Schrader, 2005). Macfarlane and Hathaway (1987) presented 

a potentiometric-surface map for the Ozark aquifer in the 

tristate region of Kansas, Missouri, and Oklahoma for conditions representing the period 1979 to 1981. Predevelopment 

potentiometric surfaces for the Springfield Plateau and Ozark 

aquifers were approximated using a ground-water flow model 

with no water use specified, to simulate conditions without 

any human impact (Imes and Emmett, 1994, figs. 28 and 40). 

The potentiometric-surface maps presented in this report lie 

within the boundaries of the potentiometric-surface maps created by Imes and Emmet (1994) and cover a larger area than 

the potentiometric-surface map constructed by Macfarlane and 

Hathaway (1987).

To create the potentiometric-surface maps, water levels were collected in 285 wells completed in the Springfield 

Plateau and Ozark aquifers during the spring of 2006. Waterlevel data were collected by the USGS in Arkansas, Kansas, 

Missouri, and Oklahoma, as well as by the Kansas Geological 

Survey and the Missouri Department of Natural Resources. 

For the Springfield Plateau aquifer potentiometric-surface 

map, the altitude of lakes, rivers, and streams was used as 

additional water-level control points where the Springfield 

Plateau aquifer outcrops at land surface because the aquifer is 

in hydrogeologic connection with those surface-water bodies. 

The altitude of four springs also was used for the construction 

of the Ozark aquifer potentiometric surface. 

Hydrogeologic Setting 

The Springfield Plateau and Ozark aquifers are part of the 

Ozark Plateaus aquifer system, which is divided into five primary hydrogeologic units (Imes and Emmett, 1994; Jorgensen 

and others, 1996). The units can be distinguished by rocks 

with similar hydrologic properties, although the boundaries of 

the units do not always coincide with formation boundaries, 

and can span several geologic time systems. The geologic formations that make up the Ozark Plateaus aquifer system range 

from Cambrian to Mississippian age. The five major hydrogeologic units from youngest to oldest are: the Springfield 

Plateau aquifer, the Ozark confining unit, the Ozark aquifer, 

the St. Francois confining unit, and the St. Francois aquifer 

(fig. 2). The general correlation of the Springfield Plateau 

aquifer, the Ozark confining unit, and the Ozark aquifer are 

shown in table 1. The Western Interior Plains confining unit, 

consisting of less permeable hydrogeologic units of Mississippian to Pennsylvanian age, overlies the Ozark Plateaus aquifer 

system. The Precambrian basement confining unit underlies 

the Ozark Plateaus aquifer system. These hydrogeologic units 

and their members are discussed in detail in Imes and Emmett 

(1994). A brief discussion of the characteristics of the Springfield Plateau aquifer and the Ozark aquifer follows.

Springfield Plateau Aquifer

The Springfield Plateau aquifer is the uppermost hydrogeologic unit in the Ozark Plateaus aquifer system. The formations of the Springfield Plateau aquifer outcrop over much 

of the study area (fig. 2). There are small areas in Benton and 

Carroll Counties in Arkansas; Barry, Cedar, Christian, Dade, 

Green, McDonald, Newton, Polk, St. Clair, and Stone Counties in Missouri; and Adair, Cherokee, and Delaware Counties 

in Oklahoma where the Springfield Plateau aquifer is absent. 

The Springfield Plateau aquifer is overlain by the Western 

Interior Plains confining system in the western part of the 

study area and underlain by the Ozark confining unit. 

The Springfield Plateau aquifer outcrops over the Springfield Plateau physiographic section, which consists of about 

one-third of the surface area of the Ozark Plateaus aquifer system. In the northern part of the Ozark Plateaus aquifer system, 

the Springfield Plateau aquifer dips gently to the northwest. 

West of the Springfield Plateau section, the aquifer is buried 

by the less permeable units of the Western Interior Plains confining system to a depth of up to 500 ft in southeastern Kansas 

and as much as 4,000 ft in Oklahoma near the Arkansas Valley. In Arkansas, the southward dip of the Springfield Plateau 

aquifer can exceed 200 ft/mi and the depth of burial exceeds 

5,000 ft in the Arkansas Valley (Imes and Emmett, 1994). 

The thickness of the Springfield Plateau aquifer ranges 

from 0 to more than 400 ft in the northwestern part of the 

study area. The aquifer generally is thicker in southeastern 

Kansas, southwestern Missouri, and northeastern Oklahoma. 

The thickness of the aquifer in northern Arkansas is less than 

400 ft (Imes and Emmett, 1994). 

The Springfield Plateau aquifer consists mainly of 

coarsely crystalline Mississippian age limestones with local 

high-percentage occurrences of chert. Dissolution of limestone leads to karst features, such as caves, sinkholes, and 

solutional channels along fractures. These karst features 

may result in a large secondary permeability, that is, permeability developed by the dissolution of carbonate rock along 

fractures and bedding planes. Springs are common where 

the Boone Formation and the St. Joe Limestone outcrop in 

Arkansas. The Springfield Plateau aquifer is anisotropic and 

heterogeneous. The average horizontal hydraulic conductivity is estimated to be 22 ft/d (Imes and Emmett, 1994). Wells 

completed in the Springfield Plateau aquifer typically produce 

less than 20 gal/min, although some industrial wells completed 

in this aquifer in southwestern Missouri yield up to 400 gal/

min (Adamski and others, 1995). The Springfield Plateau 

aquifer receives recharge from its outcrop area and is uncon-
4 Potentiometric Surfaces in the Springfield Plateau and Ozark Aquifers

WEST EAST INTERIOR PLAINS OZARK PLATEAUS PROVINCE OZARK PLATEAUS PROVINCE MISSISSIPPI ALLUVIAL PLAIN

ST. FRANCOIS

MOUNTAINS

APPROXIMATE

STUDY AREA

WESTERN INTERIOR PLAINS CONFINING SYSTEM

WESTERN INTERIOR PLAINS AQUIFER SYSTEM

 STRATIGRAPHICALLY EQUIVALENT TO OZARK CONFINING UNIT

 STRATIGRAPHICALLY EQUIVALENT TO ST. FRANCOIS CONFINING UNIT

OZARK PLATEAUS AQUIFER SYSTEM

 SPRINGFIELD PLATEAU AQUIFER

 OZARK CONFINING UNIT

 OZARK AQUIFER

 ST. FRANCOIS CONFINING UNIT

 ST. FRANCOIS AQUIFER

BASEMENT CONFINING UNIT

POST-PALEOZOIC SEDIMENTS

A

B

B1

B2

 C

 D

 E

 F

 G

 H

 I

EXPLANATION

A

B

B1

B2

C D

E

F

G

H

H

G

F

E

I

Figure 2. Generalized hydrogeologic section of the Ozark Plateaus aquifer system and adjacent hydrogeologic units

(from Imes and Emmett, 1994). 
Hydrogeologic Setting 5

Table 1. General correlation of hydrogeologic units of the Springfield Plateau aquifer, the Ozark confining unit, the Ozark aquifer, and 

the St. Francois confining unit.

Erathem System Southwestern

Missouri

Southeastern

Kansas

Northeastern

Oklahoma

Northwestern

Arkansas

Hydrogeologic 

unit

Paleozoic Mississippian St. Louis Limestone St. Louis Limestone Moorefield Formation Boone Formation Springfield Plateau aquifer

Salem Formation Salem Limestone Keokuk Limestone Reeds Spring Member of

Boone Formation

Warsaw Limestone Warsaw Limestone Boone Formation St. Joe Limestone

Member 

Keokuk Limestone Keokuk Limestone Reeds Spring Member of Boone Formation

Burlington Limestone Burlington Limestone St. Joe Limestone

Member

Elsey Formation Fern Glen Limestone

Reeds Spring Formation

Pierson Formation

Northview Shale

Compton Limestone

Northview Shale Northview Shale 

Ozark

confining

unit Devonian Chattanooga Shale Chattanooga Shale Woodford Chert Chattanooga Shale

Chattanooga Shale

Fortune Formation Absent Sallisaw Formation Clifty Limestone Ozark aquifer

Frisco Limestone of

Hunton Group

Penters Chert

Sillurian Absent Absent St. Clair Limestone Lafferty Limestone

St. Clair Limestone

Brassfield Limestone

Ordovician Kimmswick Limestone Cotter Dolomite and Sylvan Shale Cason Shale

Plattin Limestone Jefferson City Dolomite DundifferentiatedFernvale Limestone Fernvale Limestone

Joachim Dolomite Roubidoux Formation Viola Limestone Kimmswick Limestone

St. Peter Sandstone Gasconade Dolomite Fite Limestone Plattin Limestone

Everton Formation Van Buren Formation Tyner Formation Joachim Dolomite

Smithville Formation Gunter Sandstone Member

of Gasconade Dolomite

of Arbuckle Group

Burgen Sandstone St. Peter Sandstone

Powell Dolomite Smithville Equivalent Everton Formation 

Cotter Dolomite Powell Dolomite of

Arbuckle Group

Smithville Formation

Jefferson City Dolomite Cotter Dolomite of

Arbuckle Group

Powell Dolomite

Roubidoux Formation Jefferson City Dolomite of

Arbuckle Group

Cotter Dolomite

Gasconade Dolomite Roubidoux Formation of 

Arbuckle Group Jefferson City Dolomite

Van Buren Formation Gasconade Dolomite of 

Arbuckle Group

Roubidoux Formation 

Gunter Sandstone Member

of Gasconade Dolomite

Van Buren Formation of 

Arbuckle Group

Gasconade Dolomite

Gunter Sandstone Member 

of Arbuckle Group

Gunter Sandstone

Member of

Gasconade Fomation

Cambrian Eminence Dolomite Eminence Dolomite Eminence Dolomite Eminence Dolomite

Potosi Dolomite Potosi Dolomite Potosi Dolomite Potosi Dolomite

Doe Run Formation Doe Run Dolomite Doe Run Dolomite Doe Run Dolomite St. Francois

confining

unit

Derby Formation Derby Dolomite Derby Dolomite Derby Dolomite

Davis Formation Davis Formation of

Elvins Group

Davis Formation of

Elvins Group

Davis Formation 
6 Potentiometric Surfaces in the Springfield Plateau and Ozark Aquifers

fined over the majority of the study area. In the northwestern 

part of the study area, the Springfield Plateau aquifer is buried 

and may be confined. In the majority of the study area, where 

the Springfield Plateau aquifer crops out, the potentiometric 

surface represents the water table in the aquifer. 

Ozark Aquifer

The Ozark aquifer consists of Late Cambrian to Middle 

Devonian water-bearing rocks consisting of dolostone, limestone, and sandstone. The basal formation in the aquifer is 

the Potosi Dolomite of Cambrian age. The aquifer is overlain 

by the Ozark confining unit and underlain by the St. Francois confining unit. East of the study area, the Ozark aquifer 

outcrops at land surface in topographically high areas where 

direct recharge to the aquifer from infiltration of surface-water 

runoff and streamflow can occur. Younger formations within 

the aquifer may not be present as a result of erosion. The 

Ozark aquifer outcrop coincides with the Springfield-Salem 

plateaus physiographic section (Fenneman and Johnson, 1946) 

and within the study area, minor outcrops of the Ozark aquifer 

exist (fig. 1). 

In the western part of the Ozark Plateaus Province within 

the study area, the Ozark aquifer dips gently to the west. The 

Ozark aquifer is less than 500 ft below land surface over 

most of the Springfield Plateau and reaches depths in excess 

of 1,000 ft below land surface in Kansas and Oklahoma. In 

the southern area of the Ozark Plateaus Province, the Ozark 

aquifer is buried to great depths by younger rocks, achieving 

a depth in excess of 5,000 ft below land surface beneath the 

Arkansas Valley (fig. 1). 

The Ozark aquifer is the thickest and most productive 

aquifer in the study area. In southeastern Kansas, southwestern Missouri, and northeastern Oklahoma, the Ozark aquifer 

ranges in thickness from 800 to 1,500 ft (Imes, 1990b). In 

isolated areas in Oklahoma, the Ozark aquifer may be thinner 

as a result of highs in the Precambrian basement rocks. In 

northern Arkansas, the aquifer thickens to the south and ranges 

from 1,500 to 2,000 ft in thickness (Imes and Emmett, 1994).

The Ozark aquifer comprises several lithologies, which 

can cause permeability and porosity to vary greatly. Lithologies that comprise the Ozark aquifer include dolostone, 

limestone, sandstone, chert, and shale, with dolostone being 

the dominant rock type. Secondary permeability is well developed in the Ozark aquifer. Dissolution of carbonate rocks 

along fractures and bedding planes has increased permeability. 

In some areas, karst is well developed (Imes, 1989; Jorgensen 

and others. 1996). This is especially true in the eastern part of 

the study area where the Ozark aquifer crops out or is closer to 

the surface. The Ozark aquifer includes massive, clean, wellsorted sand bodies that are highly permeable in some areas. 

The Ozark aquifer is anisotropic and heterogeneous 

as evidenced by horizontal hydraulic conductivity values 

that vary from 0.001 to 86 ft/d (Adamski and others, 1995; 

Macfarlane and others, 2005). Wells completed in the aquifer 

yield may yield as much as 2,000 gal/min (Macfarlane, 2007). 

Static water levels in wells completed in the Ozark aquifer 

typically will rise above the top of the Ozark aquifer, except 

in areas where large cones of depression have formed (Imes 

and Emmett, 1994). The Ozark aquifer receives recharge from 

its outcrop area in central and south-central Missouri outside 

the study area; within the study area, recharge originates from 

the overlying Ozark confining unit. A ground-water divide 

occurring near the Missouri-Arkansas State line within the 

study area is indicative of local recharge to the Ozark aquifer. 

The Ozark aquifer is confined, except for small areas where 

the Ozark outcrops in Arkansas, Missouri, and Oklahoma, 

therefore, the potentiometric surface may be higher than the 

top of the aquifer. 

Potentiometric-Surface Construction 

Methods

A potentiometric-surface map indicates the altitude to 

which water levels will rise in tightly cased wells completed 

in and open to the aquifer, and provides a means to interpret 

ground-water flow direction. For this study, potentiometricsurface maps (plates 1 and 2) were prepared for the Springfield Plateau aquifer and Ozark aquifer using ground-water 

level data collected from 285 wells from late March through 

June of 2006 and water-levels for selected lakes, rivers, and 

springs. The potentiometric-surface maps represent groundwater conditions during the spring of 2006. During the spring 

of 2006, the region received less than average rainfall. Dry 

conditions prior to the spring of 2006 could have contributed 

to the observed water levels.

Wells were measured using calibrated steel or electric 

tapes, a sonic device, or air-pressure gage measurements. The 

calibrated tapes provide a measurement that is accurate to 

within 0.01 ft (Garber and Koopman, 1968), whereas the sonic 

and air-pressure methods can provide an accuracy of tenths 

of feet (Global Water Instrumentation, Inc., 2007; Lohman, 

1953). In the case of the air-pressure method, accurate information of the length of the air line may be lacking. In addition, 

the condition of the air gage used to make the measurement 

was not always known. These unknowns may lead to substantial error in measurement on the order of 1 to 10 ft. The altitude of land surface for the wells was determined by plotting 

the well on a topographic map and then estimating the altitude 

at that location using the contours of the topographic map. 

Both 1:24,000 topographic maps published by USGS and digital quadrangle maps derived from the 1:24,000 topographic 

maps were used. The contour intervals on the maps were 10 

and 20 ft, giving a possible error of 5 to 10 ft. An effort was 

made to measure wells that represent the static water level. 

However, many of the wells measured are in use and are 

pumped with varying frequency. If a measurement could not 

be made when the well was not pumping, it was not used. It 

is possible that some wells had not fully recovered from being 
Potentiometric Surfaces 7

pumped at the time of measurement, introducing further error. 

Because of the numerous potential sources for error, suspect 

data were discarded if it could not be verified.

Points along rivers and lakes were used to approximate 

water levels within the Springfield Plateau aquifer where it 

comes in contact with major surface-water bodies. Altitudes 

of some springs were used as water-level altitude points 

because they are indicative of a minimum altitude of ground 

water at the location of the spring. All spring data points were 

derived from the USGS National Water Information System 

(NWIS) (http://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis). Most of the altitude 

data for springs was derived from topographic maps, giving 

a possible error of 5-10 ft. Data points representing major 

streams were obtained from the USGS National Hydrography 

Dataset (NHD), which are derived from digital topographic 

maps. In areas where the Springfield Plateau aquifer crops 

out, every hundredth point representing the altitude of major 

stream and river surfaces was extracted for use in constructing 

the potentiometric surface. Horizontal coordinate errors in 

NHD data can cause substantial error, so the NHD data points 

were culled to accurately represent the streams. Two major 

lakes (Grand Lake of the Cherokees and Beaver Lake) occur 

in the area where the Springfield Plateau aquifer crops out and 

are considered to be in hydrologic connection with the aquifer. 

An altitude of 740 ft (NGVD of 1929) (USGS) was used for 

the Grand Lake of the Cherokees in Oklahoma and an altitude 

of 1,106 ft (NGVD of 1929) (U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 

2007) was used for Beaver Lake in Arkansas. These altitudes 

reflect the approximate level of the lakes at the beginning of 

April 2006.

In the Ozark Plateau region, many wells are completed 

using surface casing that terminates at the top of the Springfield Plateau aquifer followed by an open borehole to total 

well depth. This completion technique allows water from 

both the Springfield Plateau aquifer and the Ozark aquifer to 

flow into the well. If a well was completed in this manner, a 

determination was made as to which aquifer the water level 

represented by comparing the water-level altitude from the 

well in question with the water-level altitudes of the nearest 

well pairs completed only in the Springfield Plateau aquifer 

and the Ozark aquifer. If the water-level altitude in question 

was within 25 percent of the difference between the waterlevel altitudes from the Springfield Plateau and Ozark aquifer 

well pair, then it was assigned to the aquifer that was closest 

to the two. For example, if the water-level altitude in question 

was 1,275 ft, with the nearest Springfield Plateau water-level 

altitude being 1,300 ft and the nearest Ozark aquifer waterlevel altitude being 1,120 ft, 25 percent of the difference (0.25 

x (1,300 ft – 1,120 ft) = 45 ft) would be used to make the 

assessment. Because 1,275 ft is only 25 ft different than the 

Springfield Plateau aquifer water-level altitude, the assignment 

of that water level would be to the Springfield Plateau aquifer, 

as opposed to the Ozark aquifer, which is different by 150 ft. 

If no nearby wells had similar characteristics or the waterlevel altitude of the well in question could not be associated 

with a single aquifer, the water level from the well was not 

used. Of the 48 water-level altitudes from wells completed in 

both the Springfield Plateau and Ozark aquifers, 9 were not 

used. Twenty wells that are completed in the Springfield 

Plateau and Ozark aquifers were determined to represent the 

water-level altitude of the Springfield Plateau aquifer. These 

wells compose 17.5 percent of the wells used to create the 

potentiometric-surface map of the Springfield Plateau aquifer. 

Nineteen wells that are completed in the Springfield Plateau 

and Ozark aquifers were determined to represent the waterlevel altitude of the Ozark aquifer. These wells compose 11.1 

percent of the wells used to create the potentiometric-surface 

map of the Ozark aquifer.

 Ground-water levels were measured in 285 wells. Of the 

285 wells, 114 wells represented the water-level altitude of the 

Springfield Plateau aquifer (appendix 1) and 171 wells represented the water-level altitude of the Ozark aquifer (appendix 

2). For the Springfield Plateau aquifer, the water-level altitudes 

at 135 springs (appendix 3) were used, along with 82 points 

representing major rivers within the study area and 135 points 

representing the Grand Lake of the Cherokees. For the Ozark 

aquifer, the water levels at four springs (appendix 4) were used 

in addition to water levels from the wells. 

To create the initial potentiometric surfaces, linear kriging 

(Gambolati and Volpi, 1979) with a grid size of 6,562 ft was 

used to create the potentiometric surfaces from the water-level 

data. Because of the variability of data distribution, a variable search radius was used. After the surface was generated, 

substantial manual adjustments were made to the contours 

to honor the data points and to more accurately represent the 

potentiometric surfaces based on hydrologic judgment. 

Potentiometric Surfaces

A potentiometric-surface map may be used to infer the 

horizontal direction of ground-water flow. For isotropic conditions, ground water flows perpendicular to the contour lines 

in a downgradient direction. The potentiometric-surface maps 

may be used to infer the approximate water-level altitude in 

the study area, but should not be used to calculate exact depth 

to ground water in the respective aquifers at specific points 

because of potential inaccuracies associated with measurement 

errors (land-surface altitude and depth to water), seasonal 

variations in water-level altitudes, and errors in interpolating 

water-level altitudes between sparse data-point locations. 

The potentiometric-surface map of the Springfield Plateau aquifer shows a maximum water-level altitude of 1,450 

ft at a spring in Barry County, Missouri (appendix 3), and a 

minimum water-level altitude of 579 ft at a well in Ottawa 

County, Oklahoma (plate 1, appendix 1). Ground water in 

the Springfield Plateau aquifer generally flows to the west 

in the study area, and to surface-water features (lakes, rivers, 

and springs) particularly in the southern and eastern parts of 

the study area where it is closest to land surface. These flow 

directions generally are similar to the flow directions indicated 
8 Potentiometric Surfaces in the Springfield Plateau and Ozark Aquifers

by the predevelopment surface developed by Imes and Emmett 

(1994, fig. 40). Current (2006) water levels are not the same 

as the predevelopment surface of Imes and Emmett (1994) 

because of changing water use over time and differences in 

potentiometric-surface construction methods. 

Minor cones of depression are present in Lawrence and 

Newton Counties in Missouri and Delaware and Ottawa Counties in Oklahoma. These cones of depression are associated 

with private wells. The most substantial cone of depression is 

in Ottawa County, Oklahoma, at a private well near the Grand 

Lake of the Cherokees. The water level of Grand Lake of 

the Cherokees is 740 ft and it is believed to be hydrologically 

connected to the Springfield Plateau aquifer. The water level 

in the well is 579 ft, indicating either high water usage, slow 

recharge, improper well construction, or poor connection of 

the lake to the aquifer. In areas where the Springfield Plateau 

aquifer outcrops, it is the uppermost aquifer over most of the 

study area and, therefore, the potentiometric surface of the 

Springfield Plateau aquifer is highly related to the land-surface 

altitude. This characteristic of the potentiometric surface of 

the Springfield Plateau aquifer is especially apparent in the 

southern part of the study area, in particular because of the use 

of surface-water altitude control points to construct the potentiometric surface. The Springfield Plateau aquifer is also in 

hydrogeologic connection with many surface-water bodies. In 

areas where the water level in the Springfield Plateau aquifer 

is lower than the surface-water body, the body may lose water 

to the aquifer. If the surface-water body is incised into the 

aquifer, the aquifer may discharge water to the surface-water 

body.

Comparison of the potentiometric surface for the Springfield Plateau aquifer (plate 1) with the predevelopment potentiometric surface of Imes and Emmett (1994) shows general 

agreement, in large part because of the hydrologic controls 

imparted by streams and springs. However, Beaver Lake in 

Arkansas and Grand Lake of the Cherokees in Oklahoma are 

man-made reservoirs that did not exist during predevelopment 

time, nor did any wells. General flow direction is toward the 

surface-water drainages represented in each of the maps. Local 

cones of depression do not appear in plate 1, either because 

pumping rates are too small, the number of water-level altitude 

points are too few to show these cones, or the contour interval 

chosen is too large to represent them. 

The potentiometric-surface map of the Ozark aquifer 

in the study area in 2006 indicates a maximum water level 

of 1,303 ft at a well in Washington County, Arkansas, and a 

minimum water level of 390 ft at a well in Ottawa County, 

Oklahoma (plate 2, appendix 2). The water in the Ozark 

aquifer generally flows northwestward in the northern part of 

the study area and westward in the remaining part of the study 

area. 

Substantial cones of depression can be seen on the 2006 

potentiometric surface. Cones of depression can be seen in 

Barry, Barton, Cedar, Dade, Jasper, Lawrence, McDonald, 

Newton and Vernon Counties in Missouri, Cherokee and 

Crawford Counties in Kansas, and Craig and Ottawa Counties in Oklahoma. Near the border of Barry and Lawrence 

Counties, Missouri, there is a cone of depression indicated 

by a monitoring well. The water-level altitude from a private 

well nearby also indicates the presence of this cone of depression. In Barton and Vernon Counties, Missouri, and Crawford 

County, Kansas there are shallow cones of depression indicated by the water-level altitude at rural public water supply 

wells. In central Jasper County, Missouri, there is a cone of 

depression indicated by a Missouri Department of Natural 

Resources monitoring well. In central Newton County, Missouri, there is a cone of depression associated with a public 

water-supply well field. A cone of depression occurs in the 

southwestern part McDonald County, Missouri, and includes 

five public-supply wells and two private wells. A large cone 

of depression occurs in parts of Craig and Ottawa Counties, 

Oklahoma. The lowest water level (390 ft) was measured in 

an observation well near the center of Ottawa County. This 

cone of depression occurs in an area where several pumping 

wells withdraw water for public water-supply and industry. 

Aside from the cones of depression, the potentiometric 

surface of the Ozark aquifer generally reflects the changes 

in altitude of the top of the Ozark aquifer (Imes and Emmett, 

1994). A substantial high can be seen in the potentiometric 

surface of the Ozark aquifer in Benton County, Arkansas. This 

location coincides with an areally extensive surficial outcrop 

of the Ozark aquifer, resulting in direct recharge to the aquifer. 

In addition, small water use in the area may contribute to the 

high water-level altitude in this area. In other areas, faulting 

may affect water-level altitudes in the Ozark aquifer. In southcentral McDonald County, Missouri, two nearby wells have 

water-level altitudes differing by 133 ft and in southwestern 

Benton County, Arkansas, two nearby wells have water-level 

altitudes differing by 90 ft. These locations are near the Bella 

Vista fault. It is possible that secondary faulting or jointing 

influences the ground-water flow in these areas. 

A comparison of the 2006 Ozark aquifer potentiometric 

surface (plate 2) with the predevelopment surface of Imes and 

Emmett (1994) shows general agreement between the two, 

except in those areas where cones of depression are depicted 

in the 2006 map that were not present in predevelopment 

times. A difference also is apparent in Barry County, Missouri where 2006 potentiometric contours are as much as 200 

ft lower than those depicted for predevelopment in the 1994 

map. 

A comparison of the 2006 Ozark aquifer potentiometricsurface map (plate 2) to the generalized Ozark aquifer potentiometric surface map of Macfarlane and Hathaway (1987), 

indicates that water levels in 2006 are lower than those 

depicted in the 1987 map. Both maps depict cones of depression in Crawford County, Kansas, Ottawa County, Oklahoma, 

and Barton and Jasper Counties in Missouri. However, cones 

depicted in the 2006 map generally are different in extent and, 

in one case in Jasper County, Missouri, substantially deeper 

than those depicted in the 1987 map. It should be noted that 

differences in contour shapes and altitude between the 2006 

and 1987 potentiometric-surface maps could be because of 
Selected References 9

water-use induced changes in water levels or because of differences in available data points and the contour intervals used.

On the Macfarlane and Hathaway (1987) potentiometricsurface map, contours in Crawford County, Kansas, depict a 

southwest-northeast oriented ground-water divide. Because of 

sparse data points and the 50-ft interval used, potentiometric 

contours on the 2006 (plate 2) contour map do not depict the 

presence of this ground-water divide. Again, because of sparse 

data points in 2006, northwesterly ground-water flow from 

Crawford County to Neosho County implied from contours on 

the 1987 map is not depicted by contours on the 2006 contour 

map (plate 2).

Summary

The Springfield Plateau and Ozark aquifers are important 

sources of ground water in the Ozark Plateaus aquifer system. 

Water from these aquifers is used as municipal, agricultural, 

industrial, and domestic water sources. Water-use changes 

and future water-availability questions in these aquifers raises 

a need for updated potentiometric-surface maps. The U.S. 

Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Kansas Water 

Office, conducted a study of the potentiometric surfaces of the 

Springfield Plateau and Ozark aquifers.

The Springfield Plateau aquifer consists of water-bearing 

Mississippian-aged limestones and cherts. The Ozark aquifer 

consists of Late Cambrian to Middle Devonian water-bearing 

dolostones, limestones, and sandstones. Both aquifers are 

complex with areally varying lithologies, discrete hydrologic 

units, varying permeabilities, and secondary permeabilities 

because of fractures and karst features. The Springfield Plateau aquifer crops out over much of the Springfield Plateau 

physiographic section and receives recharge from its outcrop 

area. The Ozark aquifer receives recharge primarily from its 

outcrop area in central and south-central Missouri. 

During the spring of 2006, ground-water levels were 

measured in 285 wells. Water-level data from these wells, 135 

springs, 82 points representing major rivers, and 135 points 

representing the Grand Lake of the Cherokees were used to 

create potentiometric-surface maps for the Springfield Plateau 

and Ozark aquifers using a linear kriging method in conjunction with manual adjustments based on hydrologic judgment. 

The potentiometric-surface maps represent ground-water conditions during the spring of 2006. During the spring of 2006, 

the region received less than average rainfall and dry conditions prior to the spring of 2006 could have contributed to the 

observed water levels.

The potentiometric-surface map of the Springfield 

Plateau aquifer shows a maximum measured water-level of 

altitude of about 1,450 ft at a spring in Barry County, Missouri, and a minimum water-level altitude of 579 feet at a well 

in Ottawa County, Oklahoma. Ground water in the Springfield 

Plateau aquifer generally flows toward the west in the study 

area, and to surface-water features (lakes, rivers, and springs) 

particularly in the southern and eastern parts of the study area 

where it is closest to land surface. Cones of depression can 

be seen in Lawrence and Newton Counties in Missouri and 

Delaware and Ottawa Counties in Oklahoma. These cones of 

depression are associated with pumping from private wells.

The potentiometric-surface map of the Ozark aquifer 

in the study area in 2006 indicates a maximum water-level 

altitude of 1,303 ft in Washington County, Arkansas, and a 

minimum water-level altitude of 390 ft in Ottawa County, 

Oklahoma. The water in the Ozark aquifer generally flows 

northwestward in the northern part of the study area and westward in the remaining study area. Cones of depression occur 

in Barry, Barton, Cedar, Dade, Jasper, Lawrence, McDonald, 

Newton, and Vernon Counties in Missouri, Cherokee and 

Crawford Counties in Kansas, and Craig and Ottawa Counties 

in Oklahoma. These cones of depression are mainly associated with pumping from public water-supply wells. The flow 

directions of potentiometric-surface maps of the Springfield 

Plateau and Ozark aquifers generally agree with the potentiometric-surface maps from previous reports. Differences in 

water-level altitude, local flow directions, and geometry of the 

surfaces can be explained by changing water use or differences 

in available data points and the contour intervals used. 

Selected References

Adamski, J.C., Petersen, J.C., Freiwald, D.A., and Davis, J.V., 

1995, Environmental and hydrologic setting of the Ozark 

Plateaus study unit, Arkansas, Kansas, Missouri,

and Oklahoma: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources 

Investigation Report 94-4022, 69 p.

Fenneman, N.M., and Johnson, D.W., 1946, Physical divisions of the United States (Map): Washington, D.C., U.S. 

Geological Survey.

Frick, D.R., 1980, Hydrogeology of Mississippian and Ordovician aquifers in southwest Missouri and southeast Kansas: 

Columbia, University of Missouri, M.S. Thesis, 96 p. 

Garber, M.S., and Koopman, F.C., 1968, Methods of measuring water levels in deep wells: U.S. Geological Survey 

Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations, book 8, 

chap. A-1, 23 p.

Gambolati, G. and Volpi, G., 1979, A conceptual deterministic analysis of the kriging technique in hydrology: Water 

Resources Research, v. 15, no. 3, p. 625-629.

Global Water Instrumentation, Inc., 2007, Sonic water level 

measurement specifications, accessed on August 14, 2007 at 

URL http://www.globalw.com/products/wl600.html.
10 Potentiometric Surfaces in the Springfield Plateau and Ozark Aquifers

Holland, T.W., 1987, Use of water in Arkansas, 1985: Arkansas Geological Commission Water Resources Summary 16, 

27 p.

Holland, T.W., 1993, Use of water in Arkansas, 1990: U.S. 

Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-43, 1 sheet.

Holland, T.W., 1999, Water use in Arkansas, 1995: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-188, 1 sheet.

Holland, T.W., 2004, Estimated water use in Arkansas, 2000: 

U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 

2004-5230, 31 p.

Imes, J.L., 1989, Analysis of the effect of pumping on groundwater flow in the Springfield Plateau and Ozark aquifers 

near Springfield, Missouri: U.S. Geological Survey WaterResources Investigations Report 89-4079, 63 p.

Imes, J.L., 1990a, Major geohydrologic units in and adjacent 

to the Ozark Plateaus Province, Missouri, Arkansas, Kansas, and Oklahoma: U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic 

Investigations Atlas HA-711-A, 1 sheet.

Imes, J.L., 1990b, Major geohydrologic units in and adjacent 

to the Ozark Plateaus Province, Missouri, Arkansas, Kansas, 

and Oklahoma—Ozark aquifer: U.S. Geological Survey 

Hydrologic Investigations Atlas HA-711-E, 3 sheets.

Imes, J.L., and Emmet, L.F., 1994, Geohydrology of the Ozark 

Plateaus aquifer system in parts of Missouri, Arkansas, 

Oklahoma, and Kansas: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1414-D, 127 p.

Jorgensen, D.G., Helgesen, J.O., Signor, D.C., Leonard, R.B., 

Imes, J.L., Christenson, S.C.,1996, Analysis of regional 

aquifers in the central Midwest of the United States In Kansas, Nebraska, and parts of Arkansas, Colorado, Missouri, 

New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1414-A, 

67 p.

Lohman, S.W., 1953, Measurement of ground-water levels by 

airline method: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 

53-159, 5 p.

Macfarlane, P.A., and Hathaway, L.R., 1987, The hydrogeology and chemical quality of ground waters from the lower 

Paleozoic aquifers in the Tri-State region of Kansas, Missouri, and Oklahoma: Kansas Geological Survey GroundWater Series 9, 37 p.

Macfarlane, P.A., Healey, J.M., and Wilson, B.B., 2005, The 

southeast Kansas Ozark aquifer water supply program phase 

1 project results: Kansas Geological Survey Open-File 

Report 2005-15, 52 p.

Macfarlane, P.A., 2007, The southeast Kansas Ozark aquifer 

water supply program phase 2 project results: Kansas Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-20, 117 p.

Schrader, T.P., 2005, Potentiometric surface of the Ozark 

aquifer in northern Arkansas, 2004: U.S. Geological Survey 

Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5208, 10 p.

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 2007, Beaver Monthly 

Reservoir Report April 2006, accessed on August 17, 

2007 at URL http://www.swl-wc.usace.army.mil/WCDS/

mcharts/0604bea.htm.
Appendixes 1-4

Appendixes 13

Appendix 1. Information pertaining to wells completed in the Springfield Plateau aquifer.—Continued

[Horizontal datum is North American Datum of 1983 (NAD 83); Vertical datum is National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD 29); NA, not 

available; *, well completed in the Springfield Plateau and Ozark aquifers]

Latitude 

(decimal 

degrees)

Longitude 

(decimal 

degrees) Station name

Land-surface 

altitude

 (feet above 

NGVD of 1929)

Well depth 

(feet below 

land surface)

Depth to 

water

(feet below

land surface)

Water-level

altitude 

(feet above 

NGVD of 

1929)

Date of 

measurement

Benton County, Arkansas

36.321 94.486 19N33W15CDB1 1,263 153 84.57 1,178.43 3/30/2006

36.401 94.600 20N34W21ADC1 1,029 105 12.19 1,016.81 3/30/2006

36.288 93.911 19N28W25ACB1 1,450 186 151.74 1,298.26 4/03/2006

36.419 93.945 20N28W10BDD1 1,450 25 3.44 1,446.56 4/04/2006

36.482 94.138 21N30W23ACB1 1,282 NA 117.50 1,164.50 4/04/2006

36.293 94.242 19N31W26ADD1 1,265 120 106.95 1,158.05 4/11/2006

Washington County, Arkansas

36.092 94.372 16N32W03CB1 1,163 94 29.28 1,133.72 3/10/2006

35.982 94.121 15N30W12CCD1 1,535 412 161.80 1,373.20 3/28/2006

35.965 94.496 15N33W21CAC1 1,182 100 29.29 1,152.71 3/30/2006

36.170 94.201 17N30W05DCC1 1,322 NA 54.95 1,267.05 4/10/2006

Cherokee County, Kansas

37.017 94.696 35S25E05CDDD 886 220 81.90 804.10 3/09/2006

37.010 94.673 35S25E09ACDD 928 208 91.60 836.40 3/07/2006

37.052 94.704 34S25E29CBBB 818 220 30.00 788.00 3/09/2006

37.001 94.630 35S25E13BBBB 1,001 NA 59.40 941.60 3/09/2006

37.015 94.655 35S25E10ABCD 971 263 56.30 914.70 3/17/2006

37.123 94.836 33S23E36DCAA 918 450 88.50 829.50 3/08/2006

37.148 94.785 33S24E28ABBA 869 382 150.90 718.10 3/11/2006

37.073 94.999 34S22E21AACC 812 507 127.90 684.10 3/07/2006

37.141 94.793 33S24E28CBAB* 883 580 181.80 701.20 3/11/2006

37.043 94.653 34S25E34AACC* 850 330 61.00 789.00 3/07/2006

37.237 94.719 32S25E19CCDD* 897 507 168.00 729.00 3/10/2006

37.207 94.986 33S22E03ABBC* 870 807 184.40 685.60 3/11/2006

Crawford County, Kansas

37.409 94.883 30S23E27BBDD 912 682 227.60 684.40 3/17/2006

37.403 94.669 30S25E28DAA2 903 NA 251.05 652.05 3/29/2006

Labette County, Kansas

37.176 95.124 33S21E17AACD 914 689 243.00 671.00 3/07/2006

37.181 95.112 33S21E09DCCB 880 675 200.60 679.40 3/17/2006

Barry County, Missouri

36.564 94.013 21N29W01DAD 1,330 120 31.95 1,298.10 3/08/2006

36.702 93.980 23N28W17CDD 1,475 200 76.70 1,398.30 3/08/2006

36.765 93.942 24N28W27ABB 1,510 110 85.40 1,424.60 3/08/2006

36.650 93.902 22N28W01ADD 1,422 210 70.60 1,351.40 3/09/2006
14 Potentiometric Surfaces in the Springfield Plateau and Ozark Aquifers

Appendix 1. Information pertaining to wells completed in the Springfield Plateau aquifer.—Continued

[Horizontal datum is North American Datum of 1983 (NAD 83); Vertical datum is National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD 29); NA, not 

available; *, well completed in the Springfield Plateau and Ozark aquifers]

Latitude 

(decimal 

degrees)

Longitude 

(decimal 

degrees) Station name

Land-surface 

altitude

 (feet above 

NGVD of 1929)

Well depth 

(feet below 

land surface)

Depth to 

water

(feet below

land surface)

Water-level

altitude 

(feet above 

NGVD of 

1929)

Date of 

measurement

Barry County, Missouri—Continued

36.771 94.050 24N29W27AD 1,395 232 125.00 1,270.00 3/09/2006

36.836 93.964 25N28W35DB 1,349 210 41.60 1,307.40 3/10/2006

36.917 93.814 25N26W31DAC 1,452 332 134.70 1,317.30 3/08/2006

36.928 93.890 26N27W33ABB* 1,372 525 95.80 1,276.20 3/08/2006

36.895 93.950 25N28W12BDB* 1,364 398 213.80 1,150.20 3/08/2006

Barton County, Missouri

37.396 94.258 31N30W32BAB 995 250 131.40 863.60 3/15/2006

Cedar County, Missouri

37.827 94.014 35N28W03CCC 920 NA 85.20 834.80 3/17/2006

Dade County, Missouri

37.358 93.749 30N26W01CCD 1,060 285 124.04 935.96 3/16/2006

37.556 93.862 33N27W35ACD 1,028 230 174.30 853.70 3/16/2006

37.367 93.990 30N28W02CBB 1,125 NA 23.10 1,101.90 3/17/2006

37.435 94.036 31N28W08CDC 1,093 425 135.80 957.20 3/17/2006

37.312 93.735 30N25W30BBB 1,157 190 40.48 1,116.52 3/15/2006

37.315 93.736 30N26W24DDD 1,070 150 14.82 1,055.18 3/15/2006

Geene County, Missouri

37.237 93.421 NA 1,254 170 69.00 1,185.00 6/16/2006

37.253 93.415 NA 1,230 71 16.40 1,213.60 6/14/2006

37.411 93.521 NA 1,175 NA 43.60 1,131.40 6/20/2006

Jasper County, Missouri

37.076 94.381 27N32W12A 1,052 145 76.60 975.40 3/09/2006

37.072 94.447 27N32W08DCA 1,080 359 97.10 982.90 3/09/2006

37.187 94.359 29N31W31CDA 972 195 55.40 916.60 3/09/2006

37.144 94.421 28N32W16DDA 985 220 36.80 948.20 3/10/2006

37.160 94.393 28N32W11DBB 940 180 51.60 888.40 3/10/2006

37.185 94.545 28N33W05AAA 902 265 47.65 854.35 3/09/2006

37.196 94.130 29N29W30DDC 1,120 220 69.60 1,050.40 3/09/2006

37.262 94.395 29N32W02CCA* 950 263 64.30 885.70 3/10/2006

37.262 94.395 29N32W02C 945 NA 46.70 898.30 3/10/2006

37.205 94.225 29N30W29DBB 1,038 200 90.60 947.40 3/16/2006

37.075 94.437 27N32W09CBA 1,035 160 19.20 1,015.80 3/16/2006

37.074 94.447 27N32W08DBD 1,085 400 93.70 991.30 3/16/2006

37.339 94.289 30N31W24ABA 968 NA 16.61 951.39 3/14/2006

37.341 94.328 30N31W15DCD 925 160 25.10 899.90 3/14/2006
Appendixes 15

Appendix 1. Information pertaining to wells completed in the Springfield Plateau aquifer.—Continued

[Horizontal datum is North American Datum of 1983 (NAD 83); Vertical datum is National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD 29); NA, not 

available; *, well completed in the Springfield Plateau and Ozark aquifers]

Latitude 

(decimal 

degrees)

Longitude 

(decimal 

degrees) Station name

Land-surface 

altitude

 (feet above 

NGVD of 1929)

Well depth 

(feet below 

land surface)

Depth to 

water

(feet below

land surface)

Water-level

altitude 

(feet above 

NGVD of 

1929)

Date of 

measurement

Jasper County, Missouri—Continued

37.162 94.393 28N32W11CAA 950 405 74.30 875.70 3/10/2006

37.239 94.422 29N32W09DDC* 980 605 119.20 860.80 3/10/2006

37.204 94.223 29N30W29DBA* 1,045 450 91.60 953.40 3/16/2006

Lawrence County, Missouri

36.932 93.809 26N26W28CBB 1,375 75 62.60 1,312.40 3/14/2006

37.017 93.907 27N27W29CDD 1,338 189 68.00 1,270.00 3/14/2006

37.075 94.016 27N28W08BAB* 1,245 511 166.10 1,078.90 3/14/2006

37.164 94.013 28N28W05CDD* 1,150 450 101.50 1,048.50 3/14/2006

37.010 93.899 27N27W32ADD* 1,330 600 113.90 1,216.10 3/14/2006

37.246 93.949 29N28W11AAC* 1,210 330 119.00 1,091.00 3/15/2006

36.943 93.711 NA 1,517 704 134.90 1,382.10 6/20/2006

37.025 93.631 NA 1,340 549 58.30 1,281.70 6/20/2006

37.071 93.713 NA 1,336 300 168.30 1,167.70 6/20/2006

37.104 93.635 NA 1,247 500 98.50 1,148.50 6/20/2006

36.944 93.770 NA 1,375 200 67.50 1,307.50 3/16/2006

McDonald County, Missouri

36.723 94.204 23N30W18AAA* 1,309 200 52.80 1,256.20 3/06/2006

36.742 94.088 23N29W05BDD 1,340 160 74.05 1,265.95 3/06/2006

36.720 94.203 23N30W18AAA 1,299 346 162.98 1,136.02 3/07/2006

36.745 94.417 23N32W06DDD* 1,247 NA 117.90 1,129.10 3/06/2006

36.723 94.206 23N30W18AAA 1,309 660 183.30 1,125.70 3/06/2006

Newton County, Missouri

36.868 94.445 25N32W21CCB 1,140 220 112.50 1,027.50 3/06/2006

36.992 94.532 26N33W10BCB 1,110 120 76.50 1,033.50 3/07/2006

36.993 94.533 26N33W10BCB 1,110 130 83.20 1,026.80 3/07/2006

37.016 94.582 27N33W31CAC* 1,040 304 152.20 887.80 3/07/2006

37.008 94.297 27N31W03AAA 1,185 165 58.90 1,126.10 3/08/2006

36.758 94.166 24N30W33DAA 1,252 100 75.20 1,176.80 3/08/2006

36.905 94.481 25N32W07BCB 1,115 200 102.10 1,012.90 3/08/2006

36.752 94.087 24N29W32CAD 1,315 200 49.60 1,265.40 3/06/2006

36.893 94.140 25N30W07DDB 1,220 230 72.60 1,147.40 3/08/2006

37.012 94.542 26N33W04ABB 1,085 180 137.20 947.80 3/16/2006

36.949 94.517 26N33W27ADA 1,185 250 118.20 1,066.80 3/16/2006

36.975 94.527 26N33W15CAA* 1,110 492 119.10 990.90 3/08/2006

36.911 94.343 25N31W05DCB* 1,042 251 55.48 986.52 3/08/2006
16 Potentiometric Surfaces in the Springfield Plateau and Ozark Aquifers

Appendix 1. Information pertaining to wells completed in the Springfield Plateau aquifer.—Continued

[Horizontal datum is North American Datum of 1983 (NAD 83); Vertical datum is National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD 29); NA, not 

available; *, well completed in the Springfield Plateau and Ozark aquifers]

Latitude 

(decimal 

degrees)

Longitude 

(decimal 

degrees) Station name

Land-surface 

altitude

 (feet above 

NGVD of 1929)

Well depth 

(feet below 

land surface)

Depth to 

water

(feet below

land surface)

Water-level

altitude 

(feet above 

NGVD of 

1929)

Date of 

measurement

Newton County, Missouri—Continued

36.758 94.166 24N30W33DAA* 1,252 505 76.00 1,176.00 3/08/2006

37.009 94.296 27N31W02BBB* 1,180 430 110.70 1,069.30 3/08/2006

Vernon County, Missouri

37.934 94.235 36N30W04ABB 875 NA 16.03 858.97 3/16/2006

Craig County, Oklahoma

36.723 95.037 NA 740 NA 127.80 612.20 3/23/2006

36.906 95.033 NA 835 60.5 16.36 818.64 3/29/2006

Delaware County, Oklahoma

36.383 94.825 NA 960 200 85.35 874.65 3/21/2006

36.438 94.666 NA 1,080 760 321.50 758.50 3/30/2006

36.591 94.665 NA 885 484 81.02 803.98 3/22/2006

36.202 94.921 NA 1,120 80 50.79 1,069.21 3/24/2006

36.223 94.707 NA 1,140 170 89.67 1,050.33 3/22/2006

36.313 94.992 NA 780 400 21.59 758.41 3/21/2006

Ottawa County, Oklahoma

36.982 94.813 NA 830 828 33.05 796.95 3/28/2006

36.987 94.741 NA 840 NA 17.45 822.55 3/28/2006

36.960 94.858 NA 827 289 33.66 793.34 3/23/2006

36.995 94.845 NA 820 116 35.46 784.54 3/23/2006

36.937 94.913 NA 780 17.2 16.23 763.77 3/29/2006

36.921 94.688 NA 929 455 60.00 869.00 2/28/2006

36.930 94.720 NA 860 250 86.00 774.00 3/28/2006

36.810 94.788 NA 810 125 71.30 738.70 3/23/2006

36.930 94.913 NA 780 210 20.10 759.90 3/29/2006

36.816 94.891 NA 805 277 44.98 760.02 3/29/2006

36.764 94.732 NA 900 430 320.60 579.40 3/29/2006
Appendixes 17

Appendix 2. Information pertaining to wells completed in the Ozark aquifer.—Continued

[Horizontal datum is North American Datum of 1983 (NAD 83); Vertical datum is National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD 29); NA, not 

available; *, well completed in the Springfield and Ozark aquifers]

Latitude 

(decimal 

degrees)

Longitude 

(decimal 

degrees) Station name

Land- surface 

altitude

 (feet above 

NGVD of 1929)

Well depth

(feet below 

land 

surface)

Depth to 

water

(feet below

land

surface)

Water-level

 altitude 

(feet above

 NGVD of 1929)

Date of 

measurement

Benton County, Arkansas

36.335 93.932 19N28W11BAD1 1,260 1,030 202.29 1,057.71 4/04/2006

36.332 94.105 19N29W07DAA1 1,210 1,659 139.10 1,070.90 4/04/2006

36.175 94.425 17N32W06DDA1 1,061 425 86.69 974.31 4/05/2006

36.173 94.426 17N32W06DDD1 1,040 700 156.13 883.87 4/05/2006

36.259 94.440 18N33W01DDD1 1,235 1,235 94.90 1,140.10 4/05/2006

36.262 94.421 18N32W05CBC3 1,205 150 95.15 1,109.85 4/10/2006

36.373 94.288 20N31W28CCA1 1,313 610 82.47 1,230.53 4/11/2006

Washington County, Arkansas

36.086 94.378 16N32W09ABD1 1,135 1,815 141.48 993.52 3/10/2006

35.984 94.302 15N31W17BBD1 1,195 2,097 45.70 1,149.30 3/28/2006

36.138 94.031 17N29W13CCC1 1,330 NA 26.66 1,303.34 4/03/2006

36.131 94.234 17N31W24DBD1 1,140 220 68.84 1,071.16 4/17/2006

Allen County, Kansas

37.776 95.513 28S17E23ABBA 966 1,501 295.0 671.00 3/03/2006

Cherokee County, Kansas

37.093 94.704 34S25E08CBC1 849 NA 132.82 715.93 3/21/2006

37.074 94.693 34S25E20BAB1 825 NA 141.35 683.90 3/21/2006

37.064 94.669 34S25E21DAB1 918 NA 161.40 756.31 3/17/2006

37.060 94.677 34S25E28BBB2 912 NA 136.72 774.99 3/21/2006

37.072 94.632 34S25E23AAD1 961 NA 198.85 761.90 3/29/2006

37.075 94.631 34S25E13CCC4 963 NA 281.33 681.50 3/13/2006

37.089 94.639 34S25E14ABB3 949 NA 145.20 803.80 3/13/2006

37.046 94.737 34S24E36BBA6 822 NA 226.45 595.85 3/17/2006

37.037 94.735 34S24E36CBB5 826 NA 140.72 685.53 3/17/2006

37.075 94.804 34S24E17DCC1 856 NA 183.85 672.32 3/21/2006

37.117 94.675 34S25E04ABA1 853 NA 111.45 741.55 2/28/2006

37.170 94.705 33S25E18DAA1 871 NA 162.46 708.44 3/29/2006

37.180 94.669 33S25E09DAD2 885 NA 110.19 775.01 3/29/2006

37.177 94.843 32S23E13BAA4 894 NA 203.78 690.35 3/21/2006

37.237 94.813 32S24E29BBB1 912 NA 238.58 673.42 3/21/2006

37.313 94.771 31S24E27CDB1 924 NA 253.10 670.98 3/21/2006

37.141 94.793 33S24E28CBAB* 883 580 181.80 701.20 3/11/2006

37.174 94.809 33S24E17BCAA* 896 757 209.20 686.80 3/08/2006
18 Potentiometric Surfaces in the Springfield Plateau and Ozark Aquifers

Appendix 2. Information pertaining to wells completed in the Ozark aquifer.—Continued

[Horizontal datum is North American Datum of 1983 (NAD 83); Vertical datum is National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD 29); NA, not 

available; *, well completed in the Springfield and Ozark aquifers]

Latitude 

(decimal 

degrees)

Longitude 

(decimal 

degrees) Station name

Land- surface 

altitude

 (feet above 

NGVD of 1929)

Well depth

(feet below 

land 

surface)

Depth to 

water

(feet below

land

surface)

Water-level

 altitude 

(feet above

 NGVD of 1929)

Date of 

measurement

Crawford County, Kansas

37.385 94.746 NA 904 1,275 237.00 666.70 3/10/2006

37.464 94.779 29S25E05CDD1 1,021 NA 337.02 683.48 3/20/2006

37.458 94.683 30S25E04CCA1 954 NA 291.19 663.08 3/22/2006

37.398 94.670 30S24E28DDD11 900 NA 252.86 646.84 3/29/2006

37.536 94.742 30S24E21ADA3 922 NA 248.38 673.62 3/20/2006

37.398 94.670 28S25E01ACA2 836 NA 156.79 679.66 3/22/2006

37.457 94.742 30S24E02DDD 948 NA 273.50 674.80 3/29/2006

37.403 94.669 30S25E28DAA1 904 NA 261.97 641.63 3/29/2006

37.411 94.780 30S24E28AAA1 928 NA 249.75 678.55 3/21/2006

37.353 94.778 31S24E16AAA3 909 NA 239.10 670.30 3/21/2006

37.461 94.645 30S25E23CCD1 926 NA 282.24 644.16 3/29/2006

Labette County, Kansas

37.018 95.091 35S21E03DCDD 826 1,400 139.90 686.10 3/07/2006

Neosho County, Kansas

37.599 95.252 28S20E20BBCB 955 1,300 268.40 686.60 3/09/2006

Barry County, Missouri

36.914 93.932 25N27W06BAB 1,287 1,475 417.20 869.80 3/06/2006

36.678 93.842 23N27W27BDC 1,465 1,470 422.90 1,042.10 3/09/2006

36.680 93.869 23N27W29A 1,335 1,200 383.90 951.10 3/09/2006

36.670 93.933 23N28W35BBD 1,501 1,002 277.20 1,223.80 3/09/2006

36.670 93.942 23N28W34ABD 1,555 1,022 337.00 1,218.00 3/09/2006

36.922 93.922 26N27W31DD 1,308 1,400 507.70 800.30 3/06/2006

36.815 93.919 24N27W11ACA 1,467 928 262.70 1,204.30 3/07/2006

36.577 93.815 22N27W35AD 1,042 100 41.90 1,000.10 3/07/2006

36.640 93.637 22N25W4DDB 1,100 380 106.20 993.80 3/07/2006

36.722 93.674 23N25W07ABC 1,222 NA 163.90 1,058.10 3/07/2006

36.825 93.650 24N25W34DAD 1,530 600 297.20 1,232.80 6/21/2006

36.677 93.891 NA 1,460 1500 370.00 1,090.00 3/10/2006

Barton County, Missouri

37.394 94.091 31N29W26CDD 1,060 893 263.01 796.99 3/14/2006

37.499 94.269 32N30W30ABB 975 981 296.97 678.03 3/14/2006

37.502 94.307 32N31W26BDD 995 1,200 328.00 665.00 3/15/2006

37.531 94.352 32N31W17AAA 995 900 328.00 665.00 3/15/2006

37.590 94.457 33N32W28BBB 970 905 306.00 662.00 3/15/2006

37.431 94.428 31N32W22AAA 995 900 361.00 632.00 3/15/2006
Appendixes 19

Appendix 2. Information pertaining to wells completed in the Ozark aquifer.—Continued

[Horizontal datum is North American Datum of 1983 (NAD 83); Vertical datum is National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD 29); NA, not 

available; *, well completed in the Springfield and Ozark aquifers]

Latitude 

(decimal 

degrees)

Longitude 

(decimal 

degrees) Station name

Land- surface 

altitude

 (feet above 

NGVD of 1929)

Well depth

(feet below 

land 

surface)

Depth to 

water

(feet below

land

surface)

Water-level

 altitude 

(feet above

 NGVD of 1929)

Date of 

measurement

Barton County, Missouri—Continued

37.573 94.245 33N30W29DCD 985 1,135 284.00 699.00 3/15/2006

37.492 94.207 32N30W27ADD 1,030 940 390.00 638.00 3/15/2006

Cedar County, Missouri

37.609 94.001 33N28W15BBB 1,065 1,215 317.00 746.00 3/15/2006

37.858 94.017 36N28W28DCA 950 1,007 298.00 650.00 3/17/2006

37.730 93.918 34N28W05CDC* 933 485 228.50 704.50 3/17/2006

37.580 93.973 33N28W23DCC* 952 400 234.10 717.90 3/15/2006

Christian County, Missouri

37.031 93.474 27N23W20BDD 1394 1,300 300.00 1,094.00 6/15/2006

Dade County, Missouri

37.415 93.848 31N27W24AAC 1,080 1,585 139.30 938.00 3/15/2006

37.479 93.852 32N27W25CDA 1,033 565 249.80 783.20 3/16/2006

37.513 93.808 32N26W17ACD 1,003 700 273.80 729.20 3/16/2006

37.341 93.704 30N25W17ABA 1,065 892 101.60 963.40 3/17/2006

37.293 93.883 30N27W34DAD* 1,128 245 120.40 1,007.60 3/16/2006

37.447 93.897 31N27W09AAA* 940 345 168.87 771.13 3/16/2006

37.326 93.720 30N25W19AAA* 1,130 450 139.80 990.20 3/15/2006

37.476 93.825 32N26W30DDC* 1,000 426 217.00 783.00 3/17/2006

37.549 93.814 33N26W32CCD* 1,035 425 313.10 721.90 3/17/2006

37.349 93.696 30N25W09CBB 1,120 476 296.20 823.80 6/20/2006

37.525 94.003 NA 1,053 560 335.90 717.10 3/17/2006

37.521 93.935 NA 1,040 445 328.80 711.20 3/15/2006

37.333 94.045 30N28W20BBB 1,119 1,153 201.00 916.00 3/15/2006

Greene County, Missouri

37.114 93.455 28N23W21CDA 1,281 1,195 338.00 943.00 6/14/2006

37.129 93.497 28N23W18CCB 1,270 500 273.00 997.00 6/14/2006

37.306 93.428 30N23W26ABA 1,240 1,130 302.00 938.00 6/14/2006

37.340 93.564 30N24W10CDB 1,090 565 123.60 966.40 6/16/2006

37.412 93.548 31N24W14CCC 1,212 1,162 96.00 1,116.00 6/13/2006

Jasper County, Missouri

37.155 94.438 28N32W17AAA 1,011 1,112 198.00 811.00 3/09/2006

37.188 94.561 29N33W32CCD 920 1,475 220.80 699.20 3/09/2006

37.154 94.547 28N33W17ADD 936 1,600 102.00 832.00 3/09/2006

37.177 94.287 28N31W02CBA 955 1,825 339.00 616.00 3/09/2006

37.242 94.436 29N32W17AAA 964 1,100 225.10 738.90 3/10/2006
20 Potentiometric Surfaces in the Springfield Plateau and Ozark Aquifers

Appendix 2. Information pertaining to wells completed in the Ozark aquifer.—Continued

[Horizontal datum is North American Datum of 1983 (NAD 83); Vertical datum is National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD 29); NA, not 

available; *, well completed in the Springfield and Ozark aquifers]

Latitude 

(decimal 

degrees)

Longitude 

(decimal 

degrees) Station name

Land- surface 

altitude

 (feet above 

NGVD of 1929)

Well depth

(feet below 

land 

surface)

Depth to 

water

(feet below

land

surface)

Water-level

 altitude 

(feet above

 NGVD of 1929)

Date of 

measurement

Jasper County, Missouri—Continued

37.100 94.376 NA 970 1,747 20.57 949.43 3/08/2006

37.060 94.405 NA 1,102 1,445 464.00 638.00 3/09/2006

37.073 94.472 NA 1,098 1,500 521.00 577.00 3/09/2006

Lawrence County, Missouri

36.928 93.797 26N26W29DCD 1,402 715 122.30 1,279.70 3/14/2006

36.946 94.003 26N28W21CCD 1,207 1,195 110.50 1,096.50 3/14/2006

37.102 93.944 28N28W36BAC 1,193 1,300 101.80 1,091.20 3/14/2006

37.021 93.897 27N27W28CBB 1,335 932 231.40. 1,103.60 3/14/2006

37.214 93.945 29N28W24BCB 1,238 1,250 169.00 1,069.00 3/14/2006

37.113 93.823 28N26W30BBC 1,240 1,108 216.50 1,023.50 3/15/2006

37.047 93.783 27N26W16CDB 1,202 410 76.50 1,125.50 3/15/2006

37.215 93.836 29N27W24BBD 1,300 1,076 221.40 1,078.60 3/15/2006

37.007 93.723 27N26W36ACD* 1,320 400 207.30 1,112.70 3/15/2006

37.201 93.689 NA 1,040 NA 0.00 1,040.00 3/14/2006

37.167 93.702 28N25W06ADC 1,233 530 113.20 1,119.80 6/21/2006

McDonald County, Missouri

36.559 94.485 21N33W10DCD 960 1,240 371.20 586.00 3/07/2006

36.553 94.486 21N33W15ACC 845 800 364.20 480.80 3/07/2006

36.547 94.493 21N33W15DC 992 1,113 344.25 645.00 3/07/2006

36.555 94.488 21N33W15AC 895 1,110 463.64 431.36 3/07/2006

36.543 94.484 21N33W22AAA 830 850 365.10 464.90 3/07/2006

36.539 94.465 21N33W23ADD 875 661 338.75 536.25 3/07/2006

36.544 94.184 21N30W16ACC 1,457 1,575 507.72 807.00 3/07/2006

36.619 94.286 22N31W21ACA* 900 85 17.40 882.60 3/07/2006

36.506 94.246 21N31W36BBB* 1,024 100 27.80 996.20 3/07/2006

36.742 94.429 NA 1,168 500 301.55 866.45 3/06/2006

36.539 94.466 NA 875 382 316.90 558.10 3/07/2006

36.592 94.450 NA 940 420 273.30 666.70 3/07/2006

36.555 94.169 NA 1,440 1,500 600.00 840.00 3/07/2006

36.547 94.315 NA 1,209 1,220 405.00 804.00 3/07/2006

36.501 94.259 NA 1,148 1,750 285.00 863.00 3/07/2006

36.651 94.580 NA 970 900 331.00 639.00 3/07/2006

Newton County, Missouri

36.873 94.369 25N31W19BCC 988 1,210 190.00 798.00 3/06/2006

36.790 94.446 24N33W24CDC 1,190 410 325.30 864.70 3/06/2006
Appendixes 21

Appendix 2. Information pertaining to wells completed in the Ozark aquifer.—Continued

[Horizontal datum is North American Datum of 1983 (NAD 83); Vertical datum is National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD 29); NA, not 

available; *, well completed in the Springfield and Ozark aquifers]

Latitude 

(decimal 

degrees)

Longitude 

(decimal 

degrees) Station name

Land- surface 

altitude

 (feet above 

NGVD of 1929)

Well depth

(feet below 

land 

surface)

Depth to 

water

(feet below

land

surface)

Water-level

 altitude 

(feet above

 NGVD of 1929)

Date of 

measurement

Newton County, Missouri—Continued

37.000 94.491 26N32W10CAC* 1,070 425 176.10 893.90 3/07/2006

37.012 94.520 27N33W34DCD* 975 384 65.10 909.90 3/07/2006

36.774 94.358 24N32W26CCA* 1,095 525 161.10 933.90 3/07/2006

36.988 94.446 26N32W08DAA* 1,000 520 144.10 855.90 3/10/2006

36.818 94.090 24N29W08BBD 1,285 1,070 190.00 1,095.00 3/08/2006

36.761 94.192 NA 1,130 950 211.00 919.00 3/08/2006

36.835 94.605 24N34W09BDB 940 1,456 290.40 649.60 3/08/2006

36.843 94.615 25N34W35DBC 991 1,279 344.30 646.70 3/08/2006

36.945 94.516 26N33W26CBB 1,185 1,580 313.00 872.00 3/16/2006

37.046 94.387 NA 1,126 1,500 304.00 822.00 3/09/2006

37.032 94.369 NA 1,126 1,495 218.00 908.00 3/09/2006

37.054 94.363 NA 1,126 1,518 304.00 822.00 3/09/2006

Polk County, Missouri

37.457 93.501 32N24W31CAD 1,040 650 247.20 792.80 6/15/2006

37.599 93.442 33N23W10CDC 1,129 1,195 318.00 811.00 6/15/2006

37.603 93.435 33N23W10DAC 1,120 1,200 170.00 950.00 6/15/2006

Vernon County, Missouri

37.706 94.317 34N31W10DCC 927 950 291.00 633.00 3/16/2006

37.660 94.182 34N30W26DDD 985 1,115 265.00 718.00 3/16/2006

37.798 94.164 35N30W19ADA 890 900 213.00 674.00 3/16/2006

38.018 94.115 38N29W33DDD 758 750 37.35 720.65 3/16/2006

37.794 94.168 35N30W19DBA* 890 800 195.00 695.00 3/16/2006

37.899 94.231 30N36W15BCC* 855 840 147.00 706.00 3/16/2006

37.659 94.298 34N31W35ABD* 912 850 212.50 697.00 3/17/2006

Stone County, Missouri

36.810 93.458 24N23W06DBB 1,155 500 239.10 915.90 6/20/2006

36.896 93.516 25N24W01CAC3 1,075 200 12.80 1,062.20 6/20/2006

36.902 93.513 25N24W01ACB 1,205 387 146.10 1,058.90 6/20/2006

36.926 93.501 26N23W30CBC 1,152 550 68.50 1,083.50 6/15/2005

37.065 93.557 27N24W09AAD 1,362 1,,190 158.00 1,204.00 6/15/2006

Craig County, Oklahoma

36.878 95.088 28N21E29 830 600 165.05 664.95 3/24/2006

36.879 95.088 28N21E29 830 1,200 172.75 657.25 3/24/2006

36.802 95.077 27N21E20 795 1,045 296.87 498.13 3/24/2006

36.838 95.119 27N20E12 890 688 211.96 678.04 3/23/2006
22 Potentiometric Surfaces in the Springfield Plateau and Ozark Aquifers

Appendix 2. Information pertaining to wells completed in the Ozark aquifer.—Continued

[Horizontal datum is North American Datum of 1983 (NAD 83); Vertical datum is National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD 29); NA, not 

available; *, well completed in the Springfield and Ozark aquifers]

Latitude 

(decimal 

degrees)

Longitude 

(decimal 

degrees) Station name

Land- surface 

altitude

 (feet above 

NGVD of 1929)

Well depth

(feet below 

land 

surface)

Depth to 

water

(feet below

land

surface)

Water-level

 altitude 

(feet above

 NGVD of 1929)

Date of 

measurement

Craig County, Oklahoma—Continued

36.839 95.119 27N20E12 900 1,091 205.76 694.24 3/23/2006

36.635 95.057 25N21E21 770 487 108.84 661.16 3/23/2006

36.627 95.018 25N21E23 760 600 103.74 656.26 3/23/2006

36.677 95.160 25N20E03 700 600 28.35 671.65 3/23/2006

36.690 95.108 26N20E36 740 770 72.80 667.20 3/23/2006

36.621 95.001 25N21E25 815 720 102.70 712.30 3/15/2006

36.904 95.030 28N21E14 860 NA 92.90 767.10 3/29/2006

Delaware County, Oklahoma

36.377 94.938 22N22E22 760 210 30.38 729.62 3/23/2006

36.406 94.825 22N23E11 1,074 1,442 267.52 806.48 3/21/2006

36.586 94.779 24N24E06 840 975 143.52 696.48 3/23/2006

36.425 94.632 23N25E33 1,080 1,160 61.04 1,018.96 3/30/2006

36.263 94.683 NA 1,200 1,790 380.00 820.00 6/01/2006

Ottawa County, Oklahoma

36.839 94.748 27N24E08 830 1,030 159.60 670.40 3/23/2006

36.972 94.868 29N22E25 830 1,030 138.00 692.00 3/23/2006

36.693 94.966 26N22E32 780 991 128.27 651.73 3/23/2006

36.875 94.867 28N23E30 770 1,490 379.84 390.16 3/23/2006

36.943 94.798 28N23E02 840 NA 390.35 449.65 3/23/2006
Appendixes 23

Appendix 3. Information pertaining to springs in the Springfield Plateau aquifer.

[Horizontal datum is North American Datum of 1983 (NAD 83); Vertical datum is National Geodetic Vertical datum of 1929 (NGVD 29]

Latitude 

(decimal

degrees)

Longitude 

(decimal

degrees)

Water-level

altitude 

 (feet above 

NGVD of 1929)

Benton County, Arkansas

36.453 94.164 1,210

36.198 94.393 1,060

36.220 94.446 1,120

36.242 94.216 1,150

36.259 94.257 1,145

36.261 94.219 1,100

36.262 94.420 1,200

36.264 93.974 1,280

36.283 94.276 1,138

36.298 93.958 1,160

36.297 94.395 1,300

36.300 94.300 1,200

36.301 94.300 1,198

36.303 94.391 1,330

36.305 94.390 1,330

36.310 94.279 1,170

36.331 94.455 1,250

36.354 94.433 1,200

36.357 94.286 1,259

36.389 94.389 1,058

36.395 94.117 1,190

36.399 94.425 1,100

36.406 94.557 1,120

36.420 94.082 1,190

36.441 94.071 1,340

36.446 94.223 1,085

36.453 94.164 1,210

36.440 94.036 1,386

Washington County, Arkansas

36.076 94.465 1,040

36.105 94.383 1,200

36.126 94.229 1,125

36.126 94.225 1,140

36.136 94.203 1,150

36.136 94.203 1,150

36.144 94.175 1,250

36.146 94.180 1,292

Latitude 

(decimal

degrees)

Longitude 

(decimal

degrees)

Water-level

altitude 

 (feet above 

NGVD of 1929)

Washington County, Arkansas—Continued

36.151 94.240 1,195

36.151 94.240 1,195

36.151 94.293 1,160

36.154 94.225 1,180

36.163 94.225 1,195

36.172 94.085 1,320

36.199 94.323 1,090

36.206 94.235 1,150

36.206 94.235 1,150

36.214 94.155 1,225

Barry County, Missouri

36.650 93.896 1,360

36.669 93.850 1,360

36.685 93.956 1,450

36.740 93.836 1,250

36.773 94.014 1,280

36.783 94.032 1,250

36.797 93.959 1,350

36.830 94.047 1,200

36.835 94.056 1,210

36.859 94.049 1,180

36.883 94.005 1,230

36.896 94.059 1,160

36.898 94.059 1,152

Cedar County, Missouri

37.594 93.905 945

37.700 93.796 912

Dade County, Missouri

37.296 93.645 1,090

37.329 93.825 1,002

37.330 93.825 1,005

37.403 93.881 1,080

37.551 93.660 920

37.561 93.718 908

Jasper County, Missouri

37.092 94.459 990

37.150 94.525 900
24 Potentiometric Surfaces in the Springfield Plateau and Ozark Aquifers

Appendix 3. Information pertaining to springs in the Springfield Plateau aquifer.—Continued

[Horizontal datum is North American Datum of 1983 (NAD 83); Vertical datum is National Geodetic Vertical datum of 1929 (NGVD 29]

Latitude 

(decimal

degrees)

Longitude 

(decimal

degrees)

Water-level

altitude 

 (feet above 

NGVD of 1929)

Jasper County, Missouri—Continued

37.155 94.187 1,000

37.163 94.513 900

37.222 94.401 900

Lawrence County, Missouri

36.947 94.007 1,200

36.958 93.802 1,300

37.038 93.654 1,285

37.038 93.654 1,290

37.049 94.007 1,170

37.111 93.880 1,130

37.136 93.708 1,220

37.177 93.731 1,130

37.244 93.632 1,120

37.246 93.729 990

36.964 93.611 1,260

McDonald County, Missouri

36.656 94.445 900

36.657 94.501 1,020

36.718 94.422 1,080

Newton County, Missouri

36.807 94.149 1,160

36.815 94.324 1,180

36.817 94.320 1,180

36.853 94.320 1,100

36.864 94.369 1,040

36.870 94.372 1,040

36.874 94.369 1,020

36.946 94.443 995

36.990 94.431 960

37.004 94.458 930

37.021 94.468 940

37.030 94.520 900

37.031 94.086 1,150

37.031 94.521 890

Adair County, Oklahoma

36.027 94.721 950

36.033 94.727 930

Latitude 

(decimal

degrees)

Longitude 

(decimal

degrees)

Water-level

altitude 

 (feet above 

NGVD of 1929)

Adair County, Oklahoma—Continued

36.062 94.776 1,080

36.071 94.681 1,050

36.088 94.593 1,000

36.089 94.600 1,100

36.096 94.649 1,050

36.123 94.661 1,100

36.125 94.703 1,000

36.131 94.653 950

36.140 94.657 1,000

36.145 94.663 939

Delaware County, Oklahoma

36.172 94.590 1,100

36.546 94.622 950

36.546 94.650 880

36.174 94.668 1,030

36.177 94.803 1,030

36.203 94.750 1,000

36.208 94.867 1,100

36.210 94.704 1,000

36.211 94.617 1,000

36.238 94.666 1,000

36.264 94.725 1,050

36.276 94.663 1,000

36.411 94.789 900

36.463 94.975 800

36.470 94.650 1,100

Mayes County, Oklahoma

36.192 95.092 850

36.197 95.149 850

36.261 95.006 700

36.281 95.053 800

36.311 95.009 700

36.464 95.031 660

Ottawa County, Oklahoma

36.783 94.648 845

36.828 94.717 823
Appendixes 25

Appendix 4. Information pertaining to springs in the Ozark aquifer.

[Horizontal datum is North American Datum of 1983 (NAD 83); Vertical 

datum is National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD 29)]

Latitude 

(decimal

degrees)

Longitude (decimal

degrees)

Water-level

altitude 

 (feet above 

NGVD of 1929)

Benton County, Arkansas

36.484 94.458 900

36.489 94.471 900

Barry County, Missouri

36.592 93.833 1,045

Lawrence County, Missouri

37.117 93.681 1,180
Publishing support provided by:

Lafayette Publishing Service Center

For more information concerning the research described

in the report:

U.S. Geological Survey

Arkansas Water Science Center

401 Hardin Road

Little Rock, AR 72211-3528

(501) 228-3600

http://ar.water.usgs.gov
1152

1150

Boundary of study area

Potentiometric contour–

Shows altitude at which water

level would stand in tightly

cased wells. Dashed where

approximately located. Contour

interval 50 feet. Datum is National

Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929

Boundary of outcrop of the Ozark

confining unit and Ozark aquifer

Boundary of outcrop of the Western

Interior Plains confining system

Approximate direction of ground-water flow

Water-level measurement in well completed in

Springfield Plateau aquifer–Measurements made in

spring 2006. Value is water-level altitude, in feet. Datum is

National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929

Water-level measurement in well completed in

Springfield Plateau and Ozark aquifers, used for

Springfield Plateau aquifer–Measurements made in

spring 2006. Value is water-level altitude, in feet. Datum is

National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929

Water-level altitude of spring in Springfield

Plateau aquifer–Value is water-level altitude, in feet.

Datum is National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 

1150

EXPLANATION

!

1055

!

#

White River

Elk

Elk

Buffalo Creek

Spavinaw Creek

Hickory Creek

Hickory

Creek

Big Sugar

Little Sugar Creek

Sons

Spring River

Sac

Horse Creek

Cedar

Little Dry Wood Creek

Dry Wood Creek

Marmaton River

Cow Creek

Cow Creek

Little North Fork

Lightning Creek

Paint Creek

Flat Rock Creek

Cherry Creek

Labette Creek

Little Cabin Creek

Big Cabin Creek

Mustang Creek

Elm Creek

Elm Creek

Rock Creek

Rock Creek

Honey Creek

Brush Creek

Brush Creek

Brush Creek

Brush Creek

Brush Creek

Saline

Spring Creek

Snake

Flint Creek

Illinois

Flat Creek

Osage

Shoal

White Oak Creek

 Creek

Spring River

Spring

Fork

 River

WestFork Dry Wood Creek

Pawnee

 Creek

Neosho

River

Creek

River

 River

River

Creek

Creek

Puppy

Creek

North 

Grand Lake

 O' The 

Cherokees

Beaver Lake

Stockton

 Lake

Scarbow

Lake

Spavinaw Lake

 Creek

 River

 Creek

 Creek

MISSOURI

ARKANSAS

KANSAS

OKLAHOMA

CRAIG BARRY

BENTON

MAYES

VERNON

ADAIR

DADE

MADISON

JASPER

ALLEN

ST CLAIR

LABETTE

BARTON

DELAWARE

CEDAR

NEWTON

WASHINGTON CHEROKEE

CARROLL

NEOSHO

BOURBON

OTTAWA

LAWRENCE

CHEROKEE

CRAWFORD

MCDONALD

SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATIONS REPORT 2007–5253

Potentiometric surface of Springfield Plateau aquifer—PLATE 1

Gillip, J.A., Czarnecki, J.B., and Mugel, D.N., Potentiometric surfaces in the Springfield Plateau

and Ozark aquifers of northwestern Arkansas, southeastern Kansas,

southwestern Missouri, and northeastern Oklahoma, 2006

Prepared in cooperation with the

KANSAS WATER OFFICE

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

Potentiometric Surface of the Springfield Plateau Aquifer in Northwestern Arkansas, 

Southeastern Kansas, Southwestern Missouri, and Northeastern Oklahoma, 2006

By

J.A. Gillip, J.B. Czarnecki, and D.N. Mugel

2008

94°00'

94°30'

95°00'

95°30'

37°30'

37°00'

36°30'

36°00' 36°00'

36°30'

95°30'

95°00'

94°00'

94°30'

38°00' 38°00'

37°30'

37°00'

Base from U.S. Geological Survey digital data, 1983, 1:100,000

Universal Transverse Mercator projection

Zone 15

Geology modified from Imes, 1990a

0 10 20 KILOMETERS

0 10 20 MILES

750

900

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1049

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1150

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1126

1129

1176

961

987

1069
900

934

Boundary of study area

Potentiometric contour–

Shows altitude at which water

level would stand in tightly

cased wells. Dashed where

approximately located. Contour

interval 50 feet. Datum is National

Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929

Boundary of outcrop of the Ozark

confining unit and Ozark aquifer

Approximate location of the Bella Vista Fault—

Hachures on downthrown side

Approximate direction of ground-water flow

Water-level measurement in well completed in

Ozark aquifer—Measurements made in spring 2006.

Value is water-level altitude, in feet. Datum is

National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929

Water-level measurement in well completed in

Springfield Plateau and Ozark aquifers, used for

Ozark aquifer—Measurements made in spring 2006.

Value is water-level altitude, in feet. Datum is

National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929

Water-level altitude of spring in Ozark aquifer—

Value is water-level altitude, in feet. Datum is

National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 

1150

EXPLANATION

!

1110

!

#

SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATIONS REPORT 2007–5253

Potentiometric surface of Ozark aquifer—PLATE 2

Gillip, J.A., Czarnecki, J.B., and Mugel, D.N., Potentiometric surfaces in the Springfield Plateau

and Ozark aquifers of northwestern Arkansas, southeastern Kansas,

southwestern Missouri, and northeastern Oklahoma, 2006

Prepared in cooperation with the

KANSAS WATER OFFICE

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

Potentiometric Surface of the Ozark Aquifer in Northwestern Arkansas, 

Southeastern Kansas, Southwestern Missouri, and Northeastern Oklahoma, 2006

By

J.A. Gillip, J.B. Czarnecki, and D.N. Mugel

2008

94°00'

94°30'

95°00'

95°30'

37°30'

37°00'

36°30'

36°00' 36°00'

36°30'

95°30'

95°00'

94°00'

94°30'

38°00' 38°00'

37°30'

37°00'

Base from U.S. Geological Survey digital data, 1983, 1:100,000

Universal Transverse Mercator projection

Zone 15

Geology modified from Imes, 1990a

0 10 20 KILOMETERS

0 10 20 MILES

CRAIG BARRY

BENTON

MAYES

VERNON

ADAIR

DADE

MADISON

JASPER

ALLEN

ST CLAIR

LABETTE

BARTON

DELAWARE

CEDAR

NEWTON

WASHINGTON CHEROKEE

CARROLL

NEOSHO

BOURBON

OTTAWA

LAWRENCE

CHEROKEE

CRAWFORD

MCDONALD

!

MISSOURI

ARKANSAS

KANSAS

OKLAHOMA

750

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Gilillip, Czarnecki, and Mugel—Potentiometric Surfaces in the Springfield Plateau and Ozark Aquifers—Scientific Investigations Report 2007–5253

Printed on recycled paper