.

AIR FORCE 

GLOSSARY 

Air Force Doctrine Document 1-2 

11 January 2007

This document supplements the terminology in Joint Publication 1-02, 

Department of Defense Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms 

ACCESSIBILITY: Publications are available on the e-Publishing website at 

 www.e-publishing.af.mil for downloading 

RELEASABILITY: There are no releasability restrictions on this publication 
BY ORDER OF THE AIR FORCE DOCTRINE DOCUMENT 1-2 

SECRETARY OF THE AIR FORCE 11 JANUARY 2007 

NOTICE: This publication is available on the AFDPO WWW site at 

http://www.e-publishing.af.mil 

SUMMARY OF CHANGES 

Since the 8 June 2006 version the following publications have been revised or 

developed: AFDD 2 Operations and Organization, AFDD 2-2 Space Operations, AFDD 

2-1.3 Counterland Operations, and AFDD 2-1.9 Targeting. NOTE: The Air Force 

Glossary is accessible on-line at https://www.doctrine.af.mil/Main.asp (fourth selection 

from bottom left). As terminology changes are published in doctrine they are added to 

the internet version, making the internet version of the Air Force Glossary more up-todate. 

Supersedes AFDD 1-2, 8 June 2006 

OPR: HQ AFDC/DD 

Certified by: HQ AFDC/DD (Col Jon Wolfe) 

Pages: 77 

Accessibility: Available on the e-publishing website at www.e-publishing.af.mil for downloading 

Releasability: There are no releasability restrictions on this publication 

Approved by: Allen G. Peck, Major General, USAF 

 Commander, Air Force Doctrine Center
FOREWORD 

 Warfighters require a common lexicon of unique military terms essential to 

explaining, understanding, and writing doctrine. This common lexicon, reached by 

familiar definitions, is fundamental to conducting efficient and effective air, space, and 

cyberspace operations. Airmen should be able to clearly articulate their thoughts, 

ideas, and commands to each other by using a common operational language. This 

language tool should pervade every aspect of the force—operations and support—

because in our profession confusion or misunderstanding can cost lives. 

 The Air Force Glossary presents terms and definitions for the Air Force 

language. This document supplements, Joint Publication 1-02, Department of Defense 

Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms and provides Service-unique terminology 

not covered by or differing from JP 1-02. As Air Force terms and definitions change, so 

too will this document. It is a living document that will be updated as our Service’s 

language evolves and highlights the Airmen's perspective. 

 

ALLEN G. PECK 

 Major General, USAF 

 Commander, Air Force Doctrine Center 

 
iii 

TABLE OF CONTENTS 

INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................................iv

CHAPTER ONE—Air Force Terminology Standardization Program ............................... 1

Objective...................................................................................................................... 1

Standardization Program............................................................................................. 1

Air Force ..................................................................................................................1

Joint ......................................................................................................................... 1

North Atlantic Treaty Organization ........................................................................... 1

Air and Space Interoperability Council ..................................................................... 2

Responsibilities............................................................................................................ 2

CHAPTER TWO—Revisions and Changes .................................................................... 3

Changes to the Air Force Glossary.............................................................................. 3

Glossary.......................................................................................................................... 4

Abbreviations............................................................................................................... 4

Definitions.................................................................................................................. 39
iv 

INTRODUCTION 

PURPOSE 

 This publication has been prepared under the direction of the Chief of Staff of the 

United States Air Force. It implements Department of Defense Directive 5025.12, 

Standardization of Military and Associated Terminology, which directs the use of Joint 

Publication 1-02, Department of Defense Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms, 

throughout the Department of Defense to ensure uniformity in the use of terms and 

definitions. 

 The Air Force Glossary is a living document to be used in conjunction with JP 1-

02, the Air Standard 85/1, Glossary of Terms and Definitions, and AAP-6, NATO 

Glossary of Terms and Definitions (English and French). 

APPLICATION 

This AFDD applies to the Total Force: all Air Force military and civilian personnel, 

including regular, Air Force Reserve, and Air National Guard units and members. 

Unless specifically stated otherwise, Air Force doctrine applies to the full range of 

military operations. 

 The doctrine in this document is authoritative, but not directive. Therefore, 

commanders need to consider the contents of this AFDD and the particular situation 

when accomplishing their missions. Airmen should read it, discuss it, and practice it. 

SCOPE 

 The Air Force Glossary lists terminology that has been standardized for use 

within the US Air Force. It is a consolidated list of terms, definitions, abbreviations, and 

acronyms from all approved AFDDs, as well as terms and definitions from other 

publications with broad application. It does not contain terminology that duplicates 

entries in JP 1-02 unless there is a need for clarity. In that circumstance, the JP 1-

02 definition will be followed by an Air Force definition. 

 As Air Force doctrinal terms are approved through AFDDs, they will be added to 

the glossary. Other Air Force terms meeting the requirement may be added as 

requested. Users can gain access to the living glossary by accessing the 

Headquarters, Air Force Doctrine Center’s web site at: https://www.doctrine.af.mil.
1 

CHAPTER ONE 

AIR FORCE TERMINOLOGY STANDARDIZATION PROGRAM 

OBJECTIVE 

 The objective of the Air Force Terminology Standardization Program is to 

enhance communication through a common understanding of terms and definitions that 

are of general military or associated significance. 

STANDARDIZATION PROGRAM 

 The Air Force participates in terminology standardization at the unilateral, joint, 

and multinational levels. Collectively, these programs are referred to as the Air Force 

Military Terminology Standardization Program. 

Air Force 

 The Air Force Military Terminology Standardization Program provides 

terminology unique to the Air Force mission. Approved terms, definitions, abbreviations, 

and acronyms are published in Air Force Glossary. Doctrine terms and definitions are 

added as Air Force Doctrine Documents are written, revised, and approved. Other Air 

Force terms are added as requested and approved. The living glossary will be updated 

and can be accessed at the HQ Air Force Doctrine Center home page: 

https://www.doctrine.af.mil/. 

Joint 

 The DOD terminology standardization program is carried out under the direction 

of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, in coordination with the Office of the Secretary of Defense, 

the Military Services, and the Defense Agencies. Approved terms and definitions are 

published in JP 1-02, Department of Defense Dictionary of Military and Associated 

Terms. This publication can be accessed from the Joint Doctrine home page web site: 

http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/jel/new _pubs/jp1_02.pdf. 

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) 

The NATO terminology standardization effort is an integral part of an overall NATO 

Standardization Program administered by the NATO Military Committee. The United 

States is a signatory to NATO Standardization Agreement (STANAG) 3860. Under the 

provisions of STANAG 3860, AAP-6, NATO Glossary of Terms and Definitions, is 

established as the authoritative NATO terminology reference, and member nations 

agree to use the terms and definitions published therein. AAP-6 can be accessed from 

both the HQ Air Force Doctrine Center home page, and the Joint Doctrine home page 

web sites. 
2 

Air and Space Interoperability Council (ASIC) 

The ASIC nations include the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, 

and New Zealand. The objective of the ASIC terminology standardization program is to 

ensure member nations are able to fight side-by-side as Airmen in multinational 

operations. ASIC nations accept The Concise Oxford Dictionary (COD) and subscribe 

to the use of Air Standard 85/1, Glossary of Terms and Definitions and AAP-6, NATO 

Glossary of Terms and Definitions. 

RESPONSIBILITIES 

The Air Force Terminologist will: 

 Manage the Air Force Military Terminology Standardization Program by providing for 

its central direction, policy development, control and administration. 

 Maintain a comprehensive knowledge of military terminology standards, Air Force 

regulations, DOD directives, NATO regulations and other appropriate federal 

directives effecting current and proposed USAF terminology. 

 Represent the USAF in DOD and international terminology standardization 

conferences and meetings. 

 Review all USAF and major command-level publications with glossaries for 

terminology standardization. 

 Coordinate, develop, and document the USAF position on terminology proposals 

from the DOD and international communities. 

 Compile proposals to change the Air Force Glossary. 

 Maintain all USAF terminology standardization databases, programs, and 

regulations. 

Commanders at all echelons will: 

 Ensure terms, definitions, abbreviations, and acronyms used in USAF publications 

are consistent with terminology in this document and Joint Pub 1-02. 

 Submit proposals to change the Air Force Glossary in accordance with procedures 

outlined in this publication. 

 Submit US Air Force and major command-level publications with glossaries to the 

Air Force Terminologist (HQ AFDC/DL; 1480 Air Force Pentagon; Washington, DC 

20330-1480) for coordination in accordance with Air Force Instruction (AFI) 33-160, 

Publication and Form Management. 
3 

CHAPTER TWO 

REVISIONS AND CHANGES 

CHANGES TO THE AIR FORCE GLOSSARY 

The Air Force Glossary is a living document and can be accessed at the HQ Air 

Force Doctrine Center home page: https://doctrine.af.mil/. Changes will be posted 

periodically to the on-line version of the Air Force Glossary and will normally occur in 

conjunction with the approval of AFDDs. 

Proposals for changes to the Air Force Glossary outside of the normal AFDD 

development process may be submitted to the USAF Terminologist on a limited basis. 

Changes will be approved in this manner only when there is not an applicable AFDD in 

development. Table 1.1 contains the criteria for the three types of proposed actions. 

Proposals should include the elements listed in Table 1.2. The Air Force Terminologist 

will consolidate proposals and present them to AFDC/DD in accordance with AFI 10-

1301, Air and Space Doctrine. 

 Table 1.1. Criteria for Proposed Terminology Actions. 

 Table 1.2. Elements of a Proposal.

ACTION CRITERIA 

Add • Term is not adequately defined in a standard dictionary or 

JP 1-02. 

• Term is of general USAF significance. A technical or 

specialized term should be proposed only if it can be 

defined in easily understood language and its inclusion is of 

general importance. 

Modify • Term is incorrectly defined in the Air Force Glossary. 

Delete • Term is adequately defined in a standard dictionary. 

• Term has been defined in JP 1-02. 

• Term is of a technical or specialized nature and is not 

defined in easily understood language. 

ELEMENT INFORMATION 

Action See Table 1.1. 

Criteria See Table 1.1. 

“Proposed” term and definition, 

acronym, or abbreviation 

Definitions should not contain 

abbreviations, acronyms, or the term 

itself. 

Source AFDDs; Air Force publications 

Rationale Justification for the action. 

Originator Point of contact, organization, phone, 

fax. 
4 

GLOSSARY 

ABBREVIATIONS 

A1 personnel directorate (COMAFFOR) 

A2 intelligence directorate (COMAFFOR) 

A3 operations directorate (COMAFFOR) 

A4 logistics directorate (COMAFFOR) 

A5 plans directorate (COMAFFOR) 

A6 communications directorate (COMAFFOR) 

A7 installations and mission support (COMAFFOR) 

A8 programs and financial management (COMAFFOR) 

A9 analysis and assessments (COMAFFOR) 

AAC Air Armaments Center 

AADC area air defense commander 

AADP area air defense plan 

ABS air base squadron 

ACA airspace control authority 

ACC Air Combat Command 

ACCE air component coordination element 

ACDE aircrew chemical defense ensemble 
5 

ACFT analysis, correlation, and fusion team 

ACL allowable cabin loads 

ACO airspace control order 

ACR agile combat repair 

ACS agile combat support 

ACT aerial combat tactics 

ADAPT Alcohol and Drug Abuse Prevention and Treatment 

ADCON administrative control 

ADSC active duty service commitment 

AE aeromedical evacuation 

AEC aeromedical evacuation crew 

AECT aeromedical evaluation control team 

AED air expeditionary detachment 

AEF air and space expeditionary force 

AEFC Air and Space Expeditionary Force Center 

AEG air expeditionary group 

AERPS aircrew eye and respiratory protection system 

AES air expeditionary squadron 

AESC aeromedical evacuation support cell 
6 

AETC Air Education and Training Command 

AETF air and space expeditionary task force 

AEW Air Expeditionary Wing 

AFAC airborne forward air control 

AFAUX Air Force Auxiliary 

AFB Air Force base 

AFCENT Air Forces Central 

AFCERT Air Force computer emergency response team 

AFCW Aerospace Future Capabilities Wargame 

AFDD Air Force doctrine document 

AFFOR Air Force forces 

AFI Air Force instruction 

AFIWC Air Force Information Warfare Center 

AFMETL Air Force mission essential task list 

AFMLOC Air Force Medical Logistics Operation Center 

AFMSS Air Force Mission Support System 

AFNOC Air Force Network Operations Center 

AFNORTH Air Forces Northern 

AFNOSC Air Force network operations security center 
7 

AFNSEP Air Force National Security Emergency Preparedness Agency 

AFOSI Air Force Office of Special Investigations 

AFPAC Air Forces Pacific 

AFPD Air Force policy directive 

AFRAT Air Force radiation assessment team 

AFRC Air Force Reserve Command 

AFRL Air Force Research Lab 

AFSC Air Force specialty code 

AFSCN Air Force Satellite Control Network 

AFSOC Air Force Special Operations Command 

AFSOF Air Force special operations forces 

AFSP Air Force Strategic Plan 

AFSPC Air Force Space Command 

AFSPC/CC Commander, Air Force Space Command 

AFSST Air Force space support team 

AFT Air Force task 

AFTL Air Force Task List 

AFTTP Air Force tactics, techniques, and procedures 

AFTTP(I) Air Force tactics, techniques, and procedures (interservice) 
8 

AG aerial gunner 

AGE aerospace ground equipment 

AGM air-to-ground missile 

AHO above highest obstacle 

AI air interdiction 

AIE alternate insertion/extraction 

AIG air intelligence group 

AIM air intercept missile 

AIS air intelligence squadron 

ALC air logistics center 

ALCF airlift control flight 

ALCM air launched cruise missile 

ALCT airlift control team 

ALERTORD alert order 

ALLOREQ allocation request 

ALTRV altitude reservation 

ALZ assault landing zones 

AMC Air Mobility Command 

AMCT air mobility control team 
9 

AMD air mobility division 

AMEGS aircraft maintenance event ground station 

AMLO air mobility liaison officer 

AMOCC air mobility operations control center 

AMOG air mobility operations group 

AMOS air mobility operations squadron 

AMS air mobility squadron 

AMT air mobility team 

AMX air mobility express 

ANG Air National Guard 

ANR Alaska NORAD Region 

AO area of operations 

AOC air and space operations center 

AOD air and space operations directive 

AOG air and space operations group 

AOR area of responsibility 

APF aerial port flight 

APOD aerial port of debarkation 

APOE aerial port of embarkation 
10 

APS aerial port squadron 

AR air refueling 

ARC Air Reserve Component 

ARCT air refueling control team 

ARMS Aviation Resource Management System 

ARRS air rescue and recovery service 

ARW air refueling wing 

ASC air support center 

ASIC Air and Space Interoperability Council 

ASMT aeromedical evacuation stage management team 

ASOC air support operations center 

ASR airport surveillance radar 

ATC air traffic control 

ATD aircrew training device 

ATO air tasking order 

AU Air University 

AWACS Airborne Warning and Control System 

AWL above water level 

BAQ basic aircraft qualification 
11 

BAT biological augmentation team 

BCE base civil engineer 

BDA battle damage assessment 

BDC blood donor center 

BDI battle damage indications 

BEE bioenvironmental engineer 

BEMRT basic expeditionary medical readiness training 

BFT blue force tracking 

BMC basic mission capable 

C2 command and control 

C2W command and control warfare 

CA campaign assessment 

CAAT combat aviation advisory team 

CAF combat air forces 

CALFEX combined arms live fire exercise 

CAOC combined air operations center (JP 1-02) combined air and space 

operations center {USAF} 

CAP Civil Air Patrol 

CAS close air support 

CAT combat aircrew training 
12 

CAWG combined assessment working group 

CBRN chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear 

CBRNE chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and high yield 

explosives 

CBU cluster bomb unit 

CC commander 

CCATT critical care air transport team 

CCD camouflage, concealment, and deception 

CCDR combatant commander 

CCO contingency contracting officer 

CD collateral damage 

CDM collateral damage methodology 

CDR commander 

CDRUSCENTCOM Commander, United States Central Command 

CDRUSEUCOM Commander, United States European Command 

CDRUSJFCOM Commander, United States Joint Forces Command 

CDRUSPACOM Commander, United States Pacific Command 

CDRUSSTRATCOM Commander, United States Strategic Command 

CDRUSTRANSCOM Commander, United States Transportation Command 
13 

CDTQT chemical defense task qualification training 

CEA career enlisted aviator 

CERT computer emergency response team 

CETS civilian engineering technical survey 

CFACC combined force air component commander (JP 1-02) combined 

force air and space component commander {USAF} 

CFC combined force commander 

CFE commercial and foreign entities 

CFT cockpit familiarization trainer 

CG center of gravity 

CHAT chemically hardened air transportable hospital 

CHUM chart-updating manual 

CIA Central Intelligence Agency 

CIB combined integration board 

CIC central integrated checkout 

CID combat identification 

CINC 

Commander in Chief, President of the United States (formerly 

used and obsolete as commander in chief of combatant or unified 

commands, correct use is now commander of a combatant 

command, also called CCDR) 

CISR chief of intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance 

CJCS Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff 
14 

CJCSI Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff instruction 

CM consequence management 

CMSA cruise missile support agency 

CMT combat mission training 

CNA computer network attack 

COA course of action 

COCOM combatant command (command authority) 

COD combat operations division 

COG centers of gravity, continuity of government 

COMAFFOR commander, Air Force forces 

COMAFSOF Commander Air Force Special Operations Forces 

COMSPACEAF Commander, Space Air Force Forces 

CONOPS concept of operations 

CONPLAN contingency plan 

CONUS continental United States 

COOP continuity of operations 

COP common operating picture 

COS chief of staff 

COT commissioned officer training 
15 

CPD combat plans division 

CR combat recovery 

CRAF Civil Reserve Air Fleet 

CRE contingency response element 

CRG contingency response group 

CRL container ramp load 

CRS contingency response squadron 

CSAF Chief of Staff, United States Air Force 

CSAR combat search and rescue 

CSC2 combat support command and control 

CTS course training standards 

DACT dissimilar air combat training 

DATCALS Deployable Air Traffic Control and Landing System 

DCA defensive counterair 

DCO defense coordinating officer 

DCS defensive counterspace 

DDOC deployment distribution operations center 

DE developmental education 

DEPORD deployment order 
16 

DEWD digital electronic warfare display 

DGS distributed ground station 

DH decision height 

DHS Department of Homeland Security 

DIA Defense Intelligence Agency 

DIRLAUTH direct liaison authorized 

DIRMOBFOR-Air director of air mobility forces 

DIRSPACEFOR director of space forces 

DISA Defense Information Systems Agency 

DIW defensive information warfare 

DMC deployed medical commander 

DMSP Defense Meteorological Satellite Program 

DOD Department of Defense 

DOMS Director of Military Support 

DP personnel office symbol 

DPI desired point of impact 

DRU direct reporting unit 

DSCA defense support of civil authorities 

DSO direct support operator 
17 

DSP Defense Support Program 

DSS decision support system 

DST decision support tools 

DTRA Defense Threat Reduction Agency 

DTS Defense Transportation System 

DZ drop zone 

EAES expeditionary aeromedical evacuation squadron 

EAS expeditionary airlift squadron 

EBAO effects-based approach to operations 

EBO effects-based operations 

EBS expeditionary bomber squadron 

ECATT expeditionary critical air transport team 

ECF expeditionary contracting flight 

ECHS enhanced cargo handling system 

ECL engine condition lever 

ECM electronic counter measures 

ECS expeditionary combat support, electronic communication systems 

EDA estimated damage assessment 

EEI essential elements of information 
18 

EFS expeditionary fighter squadron 

EGBU enhanced guided bomb unit 

EMCON emissions control 

EMEDS+10 expeditionary medical support with 10 Beds 

EMEDS+25 expeditionary medical support with 25 Beds 

EML expeditionary medical logistics 

EMRC Expeditionary Medical Readiness Course 

EMTF expeditionary mobility task force 

EOB electronic order of battle 

EOC expeditionary operations center 

EOD explosive ordnance disposal 

EP emergency procedures 

EPE emergency procedures evaluation 

EPLO emergency preparedness liaison officer 

EPW enemy prisoner of war 

ERCC engine running crew change 

ERD evaluation reference date 

ES electronic warfare support 

ESA emergency safe altitude 
19 

ESP expeditionary site planning 

ESSP expeditionary site survey process 

ETA estimated time of arrival 

ETE estimated time en-route 

EW Ops electronic warfare operations 

EWCC electronic warfare coordination cell 

EWR early warning receiver 

EXORD execution order 

F2T2EA find, fix, track, target, engage, assess 

FA functional assessment 

FAA Federal Aviation Administration 

FAF final approach fix 

FAP Family Advocacy Program 

FCF functional check flight 

FCIF flight crew information file 

FCO federal coordinating officer 

FDP flight duty period 

FDS foundational doctrine statement 

FE flight engineer 
20 

FEF flight evaluation folder 

FEMA Federal Emergency Management Agency 

FEMS Federal Emergency Medical System 

FHA foreign humanitarian assistance 

FISA Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act 

FISINT foreign instrumentation signal intelligence 

FMF foreign military financing 

FOA field operating agency 

FOB forward operating base 

FPCON force protection condition 

FRAGO fragmentary order 

FRIES fast rope insertion and extraction system 

FSCM fire support coordination measure 

FSO flight systems officer 

FUNCPLAN functional plan 

FWA fraud, waste, and abuse 

GAMSS global air mobility support system 

GARS Global Area Reference System 

GAT guidance, apportionment, and targeting (now called TET) 
21 

GBU guided bomb unit 

GCC Global Cryptologic Center 

GCWD ground chemical warfare defense 

GE Global Engagement 

GEO geosynchronous earth orbit 

GEODSS Ground Based Electro-Optical Deep Space Surveillance 

GEOINT geospatial intelligence 

GPS Global Positioning System 

GPS/INS global positioning system/internal navigation system 

GT ground training 

GTN Global Transportation Network 

GVR ground hover reference 

GWOT Global War on Terrorism 

HAA height above airfield 

HAT height above threshold 

HC Chaplain Service office symbol 

HCA head of contracting authority 

HD homeland defense 

HDD heads down display 
22 

HEEDS helicopter emergency egress device 

HEELS helicopter emergency exit lighting system 

HEO highly elliptical orbit 

HLS homeland security 

HP health promotions 

HPS/E human performance, sustainment, and enhancement 

HQ headquarters 

HS homeland security 

HSA Homeland Security Act 

HUMINT human intelligence 

IA information attack 

IADS integrated air defense system 

ICBM intercontinental ballistic missile 

ICE integrated control enablers 

IDAS/MATT interactive defense avionics system/multi-mission advanced 

tactical terminal 

IDMT independent duty medical technician 

IDT infectious disease team 

IFDO Informational Flexible Deterrent Options 
23 

IHS international health specialist 

IIMC inadvertent instrument meteorological conditions 

IL installations and logistics office symbol 

IMA individual mobility augmentee 

IMINT imagery intelligence 

INFLTREP inflight report 

INMARSAT international maritime satellite 

INTELSAT International Telecommunications Satellite Organization 

IPB intelligence preparation of the battlefield 

IPC instructor preparatory course 

IPOE intelligence preparation of the operational environment 

IQT initial qualification training 

IRBM intermediate range ballistic missile 

IRM information resource management 

ISD Instructional System Development 

ISR intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance 

ISvs information services 

ITUD integral tanker unit deployment 

IW information warfare 
24 

IWF information warfare flight 

IWO information warfare organization 

IWST information warfare support team 

JA judge advocate 

JA/ATT joint airborne/air transportability training 

JAC joint analysis center 

JAEP joint air and space estimate process 

JAG Judge Advocate General at HQ USAF 

JAOC joint air and space operations center 

JAOP joint air operations plan (JP 1-02), joint air and space operations 

plan {USAF} 

JAWG joint assessment working group 

JCS Joint Chiefs of Staff 

JDAM joint direct attack munition 

JDPI joint designated point of impact 

JEWG joint effects working group 

JFACC joint force air component commander (JP 1-02), joint air and 

space component commander {USAF} 

JFC joint force commander 

JFSOCC joint force special operations component commander 
25 

JIB joint integration board 

JIC joint information center 

JIOC joint intelligence operations center 

JIPCL joint integrated prioritized collection list 

JIPTL joint integrated prioritized target list 

JIT just in time 

JMEM joint munitions effectiveness manual 

JOA joint operations area 

JOC joint operations center 

JOPES Joint Operations Planning and Execution System 

JP joint publication 

JPRC Joint Personnel Recovery Center 

JRMPO joint regional medical planning office 

JSAT joint security assistance training 

JSCP Joint Strategic Capabilities Plan 

JSEAD joint suppression of enemy air defense 

JSOACC joint special operations air component commander 

JSOCC joint special operations component commander 

JSOP joint space operations plan 
26 

JSOTF joint special operations task force 

JSpOC joint space operations center 

JTA-AF Joint Technical Architecture - Air Force 

JTAGS joint tactical ground station 

JTCB joint targeting coordination board 

JTCG/ME Joint Technical Coordinating Committee for Munitions 

Effectiveness 

JTF joint task force 

JTFEX joint task force exercise 

JTL joint target list 

JTS Joint Training System 

JWAC Joint Warfare Analysis Center 

LAF line of the Air Force 

LD/HD low density/high demand 

LEO low Earth orbit 

LM loadmaster 

LNO liaison officer 

LOAC law of armed conflict 

LOC localizer 

LTT logistics team training 
27 

LVA low visibility approach 

MAAP master air attack plan 

MACA military assistance to civil authorities 

MACDIS military assistance for civil disturbances 

MAJCOM major command 

MANPAD man portable air defense system 

MAPE monitor, assess, plan, and execute 

MARCS media and routing control system 

MASINT measurement and signature intelligence 

MCC medical control center 

MCS modular control system 

MD military deception 

MDA minimum descent altitude 

MEA munitions effects assessment 

MEO medium earth orbit 

MET mission essential task 

MFST mobile field surgical team 

MISREP mission report 

Mk Mark(general purpose bomb) 
28 

MLMC Medical Logistics Management Center 

MOE measures of effectiveness 

MoM measure of merit 

MOOTW military operations other than war 

MOP measure of performance 

MPF military personnel flight 

MQF master question file 

MQT mission qualification training 

MR mission ready 

MRBM medium-range ballistic missile 

MSA minimum safe altitude 

MSCLEA military support to civilian law enforcement agencies 

MSDP mission system data package 

MSL mean sea level 

MSN mission 

MSO mission systems officer 

MSP master space plan 

NA national assessment 

NAF numbered air force 
29 

NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration 

NBCC nuclear, biological, chemical, and conventional 

NCA 

National Command Authorities [formerly used and obsolete 

correct use is President of United States and/or Secretary of 

Defense as appropriate] 

NCC network control center 

NCC-D network control center -- deployed 

NEAF numbered expeditionary air force 

NEO noncombatant evacuation operation 

NetA network attack 

NetD network defense 

NetOps network operations 

NGA National Geospatial Intelligence Agency 

NGO nongovernmental organization 

NIST national intelligence support team 

NMS National Military Strategy 

NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 

NORAD North American Aerospace Defense Command 

NOSC network operations and security center 

NOSC-D network operations and security center (deployable) 
30 

NRP National Response Plan 

NS network warfare support 

NSA National Security Agency 

NSL no-strike list 

NSSE national special security event 

NW Ops network warfare operations 

NWO night water operations 

OA operational assessment 

OAT operational assessment team 

OBIGS onboard inert gas generating system 

OBOGS onboard oxygen generating system 

OCA offensive counterair 

OCONUS outside the continental United States 

OCS offensive counterspace 

OE operational environment 

OEF Operation ENDURING FREEDOM 

OFT operational flight trainer 

OGE out off ground effect 

OIF Operation IRAQI FREEDOM 
31 

OIW offensive information warfare 

ONIR overhead non-imaging infrared 

OODA observe, orient, decide, act 

OOS on-orbit servicing 

OPCON operational control 

OPLAN operation plan 

OPORD operation order 

OPSEC operations security 

ORI operational readiness inspection 

ORM operational risk management 

OST Outer Space Treaty 

PACAF Pacific Air Forces 

PAM preventive aerospace medicine 

PARA policy analysis resource allocation 

PBA predictive battlespace awareness 

PCA Posse Comitatus Act 

PCE professional continuing education 

PCM primary care management 

PD passive defense 
32 

PDA physical damage assessment 

PED processing, exploitation, and dissemination 

PERSCO personnel support for contingency operations 

PFA primary federal agency 

PFO principal federal official 

PFPS portable flight planning software 

PLANORD planning order 

PNP precision navigation and positioning 

PNT positioning, navigation, and timing 

POL petroleum, oil, and lubricants 

POM program objective memorandum 

POTUS President of the United States 

POW prisoner of war 

PTT part task trainer 

PV prevailing visibility 

PVO private voluntary organization 

QUAL qualification 

RC radio combat 

RFA request for federal assistance 
33 

RNP required navigation performance 

ROE rules of engagement 

ROI reports of investigation 

RPA remotely piloted aircraft 

RPI rated position indicator 

RPL required proficiency level 

RPV remotely piloted vehicle 

RSO&I reception, staging, on-ward movement, and integration 

RSP readiness spares packages 

RSS regional supply squadron 

RSTA reconnaissance, surveillance, and target acquisition 

RSVP Readiness Skills Verification Program 

RTL restricted target list 

SA strategic attack 

SAA Senior Airfield Authority 

SAAM special assignment airlift mission 

SACC suppression of adversary counterspace capabilities 

SAM surface-to-air-missile 

SARDO search and rescue duty officer 
34 

SATB standard airdrop training bundle 

SBIRS Space-based Infrared System 

SC space control 

SCA space coordinating authority, self-contained approach 

SCNS self-contained navigation system 

SecDef Secretary of Defense 

SFA space force application 

SFE space force enhancement 

SI success indicator 

SIGINT signals intelligence 

SINCGARS single channel ground/air radio system 

SIRFC suite of integrated radio frequency countermeasures 

SME squadron medical element, subject matter expert 

SNS satellite navigation station 

SOC space operations center 

SOD space operations directive 

SOF special operations forces 

SOFA status of forces agreement 

SOFPARS special operations forces planning and rehearsal system 
35 

SOLE special operations liaison element 

SOLL special operations low level 

SOPE special operations planning exercise 

SOPS space operations squadron 

SORTIEALOT sortie allotment message 

SOSA system of system analysis 

SPEARR small portable expeditionary aeromedical rapid response 

SPIES special patrol insertion and extraction systems 

SPINS special instructions 

SRC search and rescue center 

SROE standing rules of engagement 

SS space support 

SSA space situational awareness 

SSN space surveillance network 

STAN/EVAL standardization/evaluation 

STARS scheduled theater airlift routes system 

STO space tasking order, short takeoff, special technical operations 

SWS space warning squadron 

SYSCON systems control 
36 

TA tactical assessment 

TACC tanker airlift control center 

TACON tactical control 

TACP tactical air control party 

TACS theater air control system 

TALCE tanker airlift control element 

TAV total asset visibility 

TBMCS Theater Battle Management Core System 

TDY temporary duty 

TET targeting effects team (formerly called GAT) 

TF Total Force 

TF/TA terrain following/terrain avoidance 

TM terrain masking 

TNL target nomination list 

TOD task and objective document 

TOLD take-off and landing data 

TPFDD time-phased force and deployment data 

TSA target systems analysis 

TSG theater surgeon 
37 

TST time sensitive targets 

TTP tactics, techniques, and procedures 

UA unmanned aircraft 

UAS unmanned aircraft system 

UAV unmanned aerial vehicle (JP 1-02), but changing to unmanned 

aircraft system (UAS) 

UCAV unmanned combat aerial vehicle 

UCMJ Uniform Code of Military Justice 

UE Operation UNIFIED ENDEAVOR 

UET underwater egress training 

UPT Undergraduate Pilot Training 

UQT unit qualification training 

USAFE United States Air Forces Europe 

USCENTAF United States Central Command Air Forces 

USCENTCOM United States Central Command 

USEUCOM United States European Command 

USJFCOM United States Joint Forces Command 

USNORTHCOM United States Northern Command 

USPACOM United States Pacific Command 
38 

USSOCOM United States Special Operations Command 

USSTRATCOM United States Strategic Command 

USTRANSCOM United States Transportation Command 

VDP visual descent point 

VMS vehicle management system 

WMD weapons of mass destruction 

WMDT wartime medical decontamination team 

WME weapons of mass effect 

WPT weapons procedures trainer 

WRM war reserve materiel 

WSSR weapon system safety rule 

WST weapons system trainer 

XATK airborne alert attack 

XCAS airborne alert close air support 

XDCA airborne alert defensive counterair 

XEW airborne alert electronic warfare 

XINT airborne alert interdiction 

XSAR airborne alert search and rescue 

XWW airborne alert wild weasel 
39 

DEFINITIONS 

action

The performance of an activity. An act or actions are taken in order to create a desired 

effect. Actions may be kinetic (physical, material) or non-kinetic (logical, behavioral). 

Actions are invariably tactical, usually producing tactical level direct effects. (AFDD 2) 

active air defense 

Direct defensive action taken to destroy, nullify, or reduce the effectiveness of hostile 

air and missile threats against friendly forces and assets. It includes the use of aircraft, 

air defense weapons, electronic warfare, and other available weapons. (JP 1-02) 

[Direct defensive action taken to nullify or reduce the effectiveness of hostile air and 

missile threats against friendly forces and vital assets. It includes such measures as 

the use of aircraft, air defense weapons, weapons not used primarily in an air defense 

role, and electronic warfare.] [AFDD 2-1] {Words in brackets apply only to the Air Force 

and are offered for clarity.} 

active force protection 

Measures to defend against or counter a perceived or actual threat and, if necessary, 

to deny, defeat, or destroy hostile forces in the act of targeting Air Force assets. (AFDD 

2-4.1) 

advanced cruise missile 

An air-launched vehicle designed to deliver a nuclear warhead in an air-to-ground 

mission. Also called ACM. (AFDD 2-1.5) 

adversary 

 A party with whom one has a conflict, peaceful or otherwise. (AFDD 2) 

agile combat support 

The ability to create, protect, and sustain air and space forces across the full range of 

military operations. It is the foundational and crosscutting United States Air Force 

system of support that enables Air Force operational concepts and the capabilities that 

distinguish air and space power-speed, flexibility, and global perspective. Agile combat 

support is an Air Force Distinctive Capability. Also known as ACS. (AFDD 2-4) 

air and space expeditionary force 

An organizational structure to provide forces and support rotationally, and thus on a 

relatively more predictable basis. They are composed of force packages of capabilities 

that provide rapid and responsive air and space power. Also called AEF. (AFDD 2) 
40 

air and space expeditionary task force 

A deployed numbered air force (NAF) or command echelon immediately subordinate to 

a NAF provided as the US Air Force component command committed to a joint 

operation. Also called AETF. (JP 1-02) [The organizational manifestation of Air Force 

forces afield. The AETF provides a joint force commander with a task-organized, 

integrated package with the appropriate balance of force, sustainment, control, and 

force protection.] (AFDD 1) {Definition in brackets applies only to the Air Force and is 

offered for clarity.} 

air and space forces 

Forces that operate within the air and space mediums. This includes forces that control 

or support those forces. (AFDD 2) 

air and space maneuver 

The employment of air and space power to a position of advantage to achieve 

strategic, operational, or tactical objectives in any order or combination. (AFDD 2) 

air and space operations center 

The senior agency of the Air Force component commander that provides command 

and control of Air Force air and space operations and coordinates with other 

components and Services. Also called AOC. (AFDD 2) 

air and space power 

The synergistic application of air, space, and information systems to project global 

strategic military power. (AFDD 1) 

air and space PSYOP 

Deliberate use of air and space power, in any of its lethal or nonlethal, kinetic or 

nonkinetic, forms to achieve a psychological balance advantageous to friendly forces 

and objectives. PSYOP may be used offensively or defensively depending on the 

commander’s intent and the current situation. (AFDD 2-5) 

air and space superiority 

That degree of dominance in the air and space battle of one force over another which 

permits the conduct of operations by the former and its related land, sea, air and space 

forces at a given time and place without prohibitive interference by the opposing force. 

(AFDD 2-1.5) 

air bridge 

An air refueling operation that extends the unrefueled range of aircraft transiting from 

CONUS and a theater, or any two theaters. This operation reduces the number of 
41 

aircraft on the ground at forward staging bases, minimizes potential en route 

maintenance delays, enables airlift assets to maximize their payloads, and facilitates 

rapid transit of combat aircraft to area of operations. (AFDD 2-6) 

air component coordination element 

A component level liaison that serves as the direct representative of the commander, 

Air Force forces (COMAFFOR)/joint force air and space component commander 

(JFACC) to interface with other components or joint task force commanders and their 

respective staffs. This element facilitates the integration of air and space power by 

exchanging current intelligence, operational data, support requirements and 

coordinating the integration of COMAFFOR/JFACC requirements for airspace 

coordinating measures, joint fire support coordinating measures, and close air support. 

Element expertise includes plans, operations, intelligence, airspace management, and 

air mobility. Also called ACCE. (AFDD 2) 

Air Force Core Competencies 

Developing Airmen, technology-to-warfighting, and integrating operations are the Air 

Force core competencies. Core competencies are not doctrine, but are enablers of our 

doctrine. They begin to translate the central beliefs of doctrine into understandable 

concepts, and thus contribute to a greater understanding of doctrine. (AFDD 1) 

air interdiction 

Air operations conducted to destroy, neutralize, or delay the enemy’s military potential 

before it can be brought to bear effectively against friendly forces at such distance from 

friendly forces that detailed integration of each air mission with the fire and movement 

of friendly forces is not required. (JP 1-02) [Includes both lethal and nonlethal systems, 

is employed to destroy, disrupt, divert, or delay the enemy’s surface military potential 

before it can effectively engage friendly forces, or otherwise achieve its objectives.] 

[AFDD 2-1.3] {Words in brackets apply only to the Air Force and are offered for clarity.}

air mobility control team 

A cell within the air operations center and one of the core teams in the air mobility 

division. The air mobility control team is the centralized source of air mobility command, 

control, and communications for the director of mobility forces during mission 

execution. The director of mobility forces uses the air mobility control team to direct (or 

redirect as required) air mobility forces in concert with other air and space forces to 

respond to requirement changes, higher priorities, or immediate execution limitations. 

The air mobility control team deconflicts all air mobility operations into, out of, and 

within the area of responsibility or joint operations area. The air mobility control team 

maintains execution process and communications connectivity for tasking, 

coordination, and flight with the air operations center’s combat operations division, 

subordinate air mobility units, and mission forces. Also called AMCT. (AFDD 2-6) 
42 

Air Reserve Component 

The forces of Air National Guard and the Air Force Reserve Command. Also called 

ARC. (HQ AFRC, HQ ANG) 

air-launched cruise missile 

An air-launched vehicle designed to deliver a nuclear warhead in an air-to-ground 

mission. Also called ALCM. (AFDD 2-1.3) 

airbase defense 

Those measures taken to nullify or reduce the effectiveness of enemy attacks on, or 

sabotage of, airbases to ensure the senior commander retains the capability to 

accomplish assigned missions. (AFDD 2-4.1) 

airborne mission coordinator 

The coordinator who serves as an extension of the executing component’s personnel 

recovery coordination cell (PRCC) and coordinates the recovery effort between the 

combat search and rescue task force (CSARTF) and the PRCC (or joint personnel 

recovery center) by monitoring the status of all CSARTF elements, requesting 

additional assets when needed, and ensuring the recovery and supporting forces arrive 

at their designated areas to accomplish the PR mission. The component PRCC or 

higher authority may designate the AMC. The AMC appoints, as necessary, an onscene commander. Also called AMC. (AFDD 2-6) 

airlift 

Operations to transport and deliver forces and materiel through the air in support of 

strategic, operational, or tactical objectives. (AFDD 2-6) 

Airman 

Any US Air Force member (officer or enlisted, active, reserve, or guard, along with 

Department of the Air Force civilians) who supports and defends the US Constitution 

and serves our country. Air Force Airmen are those people who formally belong to the 

US Air Force and employ or support some aspect of the US Air Force’s air and space 

power capabilities. An Airman is any person who understands and appreciates the full 

range of air and space power capabilities and can employ or support some aspect of 

air and space power capabilities. (AFDD 1-1) 

allocation (air) 

The translation of the air apportionment decision into total numbers of sorties by aircraft 

type available for each operation or task. See also allocation. (JP 1-02) [The translation 

of the air apportionment decision into total numbers of sorties or missions by weapon 

system type available for each operation or task][AFDD 2-1]{Italicized words in 

brackets apply only to the Air Force and are offered for clarity.} 
43 

assessment 

1. Analysis of the security, effectiveness, and potential of an existing or planned 

intelligence activity. (JP 1-02) [The evaluation of progress toward the creation of effects 

and the achievement of objectives and end state conditions.][AFDD 2-1.9]{Words in 

brackets apply only to the Air Force and are offered for clarity.} 

asymmetric 

Any capability that confers an advantage an adversary cannot directly compensate for. 

(AFDD 2) 

asymmetric operations 

Operations that confer disproportionate advantage on those conducting them by using 

capabilities the adversary cannot use, will not use, or cannot effectively defend against. 

(AFDD 2) 

basic doctrine 

States the most fundamental and enduring beliefs that describe and guide the proper 

use, presentation, and organization of air and space forces in military action. It 

describes the “elemental properties” of air and space power and provides the Airman’s 

perspective. Because of its fundamental and enduring character, basic doctrine 

provides broad and continuing guidance on how Air Force forces are organized, 

employed, equipped, and sustained. Because it expresses broad, enduring 

fundamentals, basic doctrine changes relatively slowly compared to the other levels of 

doctrine. As the foundation of all air and space doctrine, basic doctrine also sets the 

tone and vision for doctrine development for the future. AFDD 1 is the Airman’s basic 

doctrine. (AFDD 1) 

battle rhythm 

A commander’s pace, pattern, or systematic process used to plan and execute an 

engagement, battle, or campaign. (AFDD 2-1.9) 

battlespace 

The environment, factors, and conditions which must be understood to successfully 

apply combat power, protect the force, or complete the mission. This includes the air, 

land, sea, space, and the included enemy and friendly forces, facilities, weather, 

terrain, the electromagnetic spectrum, and information environment within the 

operational areas and areas of interest. (JP 1-02) [The commander's conceptual view 

of the area and factors which he must understand to successfully apply combat power, 

protect the force, and complete the mission. It encompasses all applicable aspects of 

air, sea, space, and land operations that the commander must consider in planning and 

executing military operations. The battlespace dimensions can change over time as the 
44 

mission expands or contracts, according to operational objectives and force 

composition. Battlespace provides the commander a mental forum for analyzing and 

selecting courses of action for employing military forces in relationship to time, tempo, 

and depth.] [AFDD 1] {Words in brackets apply only to the Air Force and are offered for 

clarity.} 

behavioral effect 

An effect on the behavior of individuals, groups, systems, organizations, and 

governments. (AFDD 2) 

blue force tracking 

The employment of techniques to identify US, allied, and coalition forces for the 

purposes of providing commanders enhanced situational awareness and reducing 

fratricide. Also called BFT. (AFDD 2-1.9) 

campaign assessment 

The joint force commander’s broad qualitative and analytical determination of the 

overall campaign progress, effectiveness of operations and recommendations for future 

action. Also called CA. (AFDD 2) 

cascading effect 

One or more of a series of successive indirect effects that propagate through a system 

or systems. Typically, cascading effects flow throughout the levels of conflict and are 

the results of interdependencies and links among multiple connected systems. (AFDD 

2) 

causal linkage 

An explanation of why an action or effect will cause or contribute to a given effect. 

(AFDD 2) 

centralized control 

In joint air operations, placing within one commander the responsibility and authority for 

planning, directing, and coordinating a military operation or group/category of 

operations. (JP 1-02) [The planning, direction, prioritization, allocation, synchronization, 

integration, and deconfliction of air and space capabilities to achieve the objectives of 

the joint force commander.] (AFDD 1) {Words in brackets apply only to the Air Force 

and are offered for clarity.} 

civil environment 

The civil environment includes factors related to a people, their government, politics, 

culture, and economy. The organization of the civil environment includes the major 
45 

subcategories of political policies, culture, and economy. (AFDD 1-1) 

Civil Reserve Air Fleet 

A voluntary contractual program where civil carriers agree to augment military airlift 

during a crisis in exchange for peacetime defense business. During peacetime, 

regional contingencies, and major exercises, CRAF carriers are contracted to fly 

scheduled passenger, patient/casualty, and cargo channel missions, special 

assignment airlift missions (SAAMs) and charter missions. This support gives AMC the 

capacity to meet both routine scheduled and surge commitments flexibly and 

simultaneously. Also called CRAF. (AFDD 2-6) 

coalition force 

A force composed of military elements of nations that have formed a temporary alliance 

for some specific purpose. (AFDD 2-7) 

coercion 

Persuading an adversary to behave differently than it otherwise would through the 

threat or use of force. (AFDD 2) 

combat aviation advisory team 

A special operations team specifically tailored to assess, advise, and train foreign 

aviation forces in air operations employment and sustainability. Teams support 

geographic combatant commanders throughout the operational continuum, primarily by 

facilitating the integration and interoperability of friendly and allied aviation forces 

supporting joint and multinational operations. Teams are specially trained and equipped 

to provide advisory assistance in the three interrelated areas of foreign internal defense 

(FID), coalition support (CS), and unconventional warfare (UW). Also called CAAT. 

(AFDD 2-7) 

combat identification 

The capability to attain an accurate characterization of detected objects in the joint 

battlespace to the extent that high confidence, timely application of military options and 

weapons resources can occur. Depending on the situation and the operational 

decisions that must be made, this characterization may be limited to “enemy,” “friend,”

or “neutral.” In other situations, other characterizations may be required—including, but 

not limited to class, type, nationality, mission configuration, status, and intent. Also call 

CID. (AFDD 2-1.9) 

combat offload 

An expeditious procedure for offloading cargo while an aircraft is taxiing, to reduce the 

ground time and materials handling equipment at an air terminal. This procedure is 

potentially more hazardous due to the dynamic nature of the operation. (AFDD 2-6) 
46 

combat recovery 

 The act of retrieving resources while engaging enemy forces. (AFDD 2-7) 

combat search and rescue 

Combat search and rescue is how the Air Force accomplishes the personnel recovery 

task. It is the Air Force’s preferred mechanism for personnel recovery execution in 

uncertain or hostile environments and denied areas. Also called CSAR. (AFDD 2-1.6) 

combat support 

Fire support and operational assistance provided to combat elements. Also called CS. 

(JP 1-02) [Provides the foundation for and is the enabler of the Air Force distinctive 

capabilities. It includes the actions taken to ready, sustain, and protect personnel, 

assets, and capabilities through all peacetime and wartime military operations. 

Furthermore, it supports the unique contributions of air and space power: speed, 

flexibility, versatility, and global reach.] (AFDD 2-4) {Italicized words in brackets apply 

only to the Air Force and are offered for clarity.} 

commander Air Force special operations forces 

The senior AFSOF Airman on the JFSOC or JSOTF chain of command. Also called 

COMAFSOF.(AFDD 2-7) 

commander, Air Force Forces 

The senior US Air Force officer designated as commander of the US Air Force 

component assigned to a joint force commander (JFC) at the unified, subunified, and 

joint task force level. In this position, the COMAFFOR presents the single US Air Force 

voice to the JFC. Also called COMAFFOR. (AFDDs 1, 2) 

computer network attack 

Operations to disrupt, deny, degrade, or destroy information resident in computers and 

computer networks, or the computers and networks themselves. Electronic attack (EA) 

can be used against a computer, but it is not computer network attack (CNA). CNA 

relies on the data stream to execute the attack while EA relies on the electromagnetic 

spectrum. An example of the two operations is the following: sending a code or 

instruction to a central processing unit that causes the computer to short out the power 

supply is CNA. Using an electromagnetic pulse device to destroy a computer’s 

electronics and causing the same result is EA. (AFDD 2-5) 

coordination 

The necessary action to ensure adequate exchange of information to integrate, 

synchronize, and deconflict operations between separate organizations. Coordination is 

not necessarily a process of gaining approval but is most often used for mutual 
47 

exchange of information. Normally used between functions of a supporting staff. Direct 

liaison authorized (DIRLAUTH) is used to coordinate with an organization outside of the 

immediate staff or organization. (AFDD 1) 

core competency 

The basic areas of expertise or the specialties that the Air Force brings to any activity 

across the spectrum of military operations whether as a single Service or in conjunction 

with the core competencies of other Services in joint operations. Core competencies 

represent both air and space power application theory and physical capability 

represented in a well-trained and equipped air force. (AFDD 1) 

core task 

A task adapted from the Air Force core competencies or their command and control. 

(AFDD 2-8) 

core values 

The Air Force core values are values for service, values for life, and must be reflected 

in everything that we do. Those core values are integrity first, service before self, 

excellence in all we do. (AFDD 1) 

coronet 

Movements of air assets, usually fighter aircraft, in support of contingencies, rotations, 

exercises, or aircraft movements for logistics purposes. (AFDD 2-6) 

counterair 

A mission that integrates offensive and defensive operations to attain and maintain a 

desired degree of air superiority. Counterair missions are designed to destroy or 

negate enemy aircraft and missiles, both before and after launch. (JP 1-02) [Counterair 

integrates and exploits the mutually beneficial effects of offensive and defensive 

operations by fixed- and rotary-wing aircraft, surface-to-air and air-to-air missiles, 

antiaircraft guns, artillery, and electronic warfare to destroy or neutralize enemy aircraft 

and missile forces both before and after launch.] [AFDD 2-1.1] {Words in brackets 

apply only to the Air Force and are offered for clarity.} 

counterland 

Operations conducted to attain and maintain a desired degree of superiority over 

surface operations by the destruction, disrupting, delaying, diverting, or other 

neutralization of enemy forces. The main objectives of counterland operations are to 

dominate the surface environment and prevent the opponent from doing the same. 

(AFDD 2-1.3) 

counterproliferation 

Counterproliferation refers to the activities of the full range of US efforts to combat 

proliferation, including diplomacy, arms control, export controls, and intelligence 
48 

collection and analyses, with particular responsibility for assuring that US forces and 

interests can be protected should they confront an adversary armed with weapons of 

mass destruction or missiles. (AFDD 2-1.8) 

counterpropaganda operations 

Those psychological operations activities that identify adversary propaganda, 

contribute to situational awareness, and serve to expose adversary attempts to 

influence friendly populations and military forces. (JP 1-02) [Activities to identify and 

counter adversary propaganda and expose adversary attempts to influence friendly 

populations and military forces situational understanding.] (AFDD 2-5) {Words in 

brackets apply only to the Air Force and are offered for clarity.} 

countersea 

Operations conducted to attain and maintain a desired degree of superiority over 

maritime operations by the destruction, disrupting, delaying, diverting, or other 

neutralization of enemy naval forces. The main objectives of countersea operations are 

to dominate the maritime environment and prevent the opponent from doing the same. 

(AFDD 2-1.4) 

counterspace 

Those offensive and defensive operations conducted by air, land, sea, space, special 

operations, and information forces with the objective of gaining and maintaining control 

of activities conducted in or through the space environment. (AFDD 2-2.1) 

countervalue 

The employment of strategic air and missile forces in an effort to destroy, or render 

impotent, selected industrial and economic capabilities of an enemy force under any of 

the circumstances by which hostilities may be initiated. (AFDD 2-1.5) 

critical vulnerabilities 

Vulnerable components, conditions, or resources of a COG vital to its operation, and 

susceptible to moral or physical attack that will achieve the most decisive effects in 

neutralization, degradation, or destruction of the centers of gravity. (AFDD 2-1.2) 

cumulative effect 

An effect resulting from the aggregation of multiple, contributory direct or indirect 

effects. (AFDD 2) 

cyberspace

A domain characterized by the use of electronics and the electromagnetic spectrum to 

store, modify and exchange data via networked information systems and associated 

physical infrastructures. (NMS CO, Dec 06) 
49 

decentralized execution 

Delegation of execution authority to subordinate commanders. (JP 1-02) [Decentralized 

execution of air and space power is the delegation of execution authority to responsible 

and capable lower-level commanders to achieve effective span of control and to foster 

disciplined initiative, situational responsiveness, and tactical flexibility.](AFDD 1) 

{Words in brackets apply only to the Air Force and are offered for clarity.} 

decision superiority 

A competitive advantage, enabled by an ongoing situational awareness, that allows 

commanders and their forces to make better-informed decisions and implement them 

faster than their adversaries can react. (AFDD 2-5) 

decision support systems/tools 

A compilation of processes and systems developed from the application of maturing 

information systems technologies that provide the warfighter and the logistician with the 

means to rapidly plan, execute, monitor, and replan logistical operations in a 

collaborative environment that is responsive to operational requirements. (AFDD 2-4) 

defensive counterair 

All defensive measures designed to detect, identify, intercept, and destroy or negate 

enemy forces attempting to attack or penetrate the friendly air environment. Also called 

DCA. See also counterair; offensive counterair. (JP 1-02) [Defensive counterair 

operations are synonymous with air defense operations. Defensive counterair 

encompasses both active and passive measures and is normally conducted near or 

over friendly territory and generally reacts to the initiative of enemy forces.] [AFDD 2-

1.1] {Words in brackets apply only to the Air Force and are offered for clarity.} 

defensive counterspace 

Operations to preserve US/friendly ability to exploit space to its advantage via active 

and passive actions to protect friendly space-related capabilities from adversary attack 

or interference. Also called DCS. (AFDD 2-2.1) 

deliberate targeting 

The part of the tasking process for prosecuting targets that are detected, identified, and 

developed in sufficient time to schedule actions against them in tasking cycle products 

such as the air tasking order. (AFDD 2-1.9) 

deliverables 

The desired or expected results of specific support functions that contribute to 

responsive combat support for an air and space expeditionary force. (AFDD 2-4) 
50 

denial 

A form of coercion strategy that destroys or neutralizes a portion of the adversary's 

physical means to resist. (AFDD 2) 

direct effect 

First-order result of an action with no intervening effect between action and outcome. 

Usually immediate, physical, and readily recognizable (e.g., weapons employment 

results). (AFDD 2) 

direction 

Guidance to or management of support staff functions. Inherent within command but 

not a command authority in its own right. In some cases, can be considered an explicit 

instruction or order. Used by commanders and their designated subordinates to 

facilitate, channel, or motivate support staff to achieve appropriate action, tempo, or 

intensity. Used by directors of staff agencies on behalf of the commander to provide 

guidance to their staffs on how best to accomplish stated objectives IAW the 

commander’s intent. (AFDD 1) 

DIRSPACEFOR 

The Air Force officer serving as the senior space advisor to the commander, Air Force 

forces (COMAFFOR) or the COMAFFOR/joint force air and space component 

commander (JFACC). The DIRSPACEFOR conducts coordination, integration, and 

staffing activities to tailor space support for the COMAFFOR or COMAFFOR / JFACC.

(AFDD 2-2.1) 

distinctive capabilities 

US Air Force distinct areas of expertise are: air and space superiority, global attack, 

rapid global mobility, precision engagement, information superiority, and agile combat 

support. (AFDD 1) 

distributed operations 

The process of conducting operations from independent or interdependent nodes in a 

teaming manner. Some operational planning or decision-making may occur from 

outside the joint area of operations. The goal of a distributed operation is to support the 

operational commander in the field; it is not a method of command from the rear. See 

also split operations. (AFDD 2-8) 

dynamic targeting 

The part of the tasking process for prosecuting targets that are not detected, identified, 

or developed in time to be included in deliberate targeting, and therefore have not had 

actions scheduled against them. (AFDD 2-1.9) 
51 

education 

Instruction and study focused on creative problem solving that does not provide 

predictable outcomes. Education encompasses a broader flow of information to the 

student and encourages exploration into unknown areas and creative problem solving. 

(AFDD 1-1) 

effect 

1. The physical or behavioral state of a system that results from an action, a set of 

actions, or another effect. 2. The result, outcome, or consequence of an action. 3. A 

change to a condition, behavior, or degree of freedom (AFDD 2) 

effect indicator 

Independent, qualitative or quantitative condition(s) that indicates the achievement of 

an effect. (AFDD 2-1.9) 

effects-based 

Actions, such as operations, targeting, or strategy, that are designed to produce 

distinctive and desired effects while avoiding unintended or undesired effects. (AFDD 

2-1.2) 

effects-based approach to operations 

Operations that are planned, executed, assessed and adapted to influence or change 

system behavior or capabilities in order to achieve desired outcomes. Also called 

EBAO. (Note: Sometimes colloquially but incorrectly referred to as “effects-based 

operations,” or EBO) (AFDD 2) 

electronic warfare operations 

The integrated planning, employment, and assessment of military capabilities to 

achieve desired effects across the electromagnetic domain in support of operational 

objectives. Also called EW Ops. (AFDD 2-5) 

emerging target 

A potential target, which, upon initial detection, meets sufficient criteria to be 

considered and further developed. The criticality and time sensitivity of the potential 

target is initially undetermined. (AFDD 2-1.9) 

end state 

The set of conditions that needs to be achieved to resolve the situation or conflict on 

satisfactory terms, as defined by appropriate authority. (AFDD 2) 

enemy 

An adversary who opposes one’s will through use of force. (AFDD 2) 
52 

expeditionary combat support 

A subset of agile combat support that responds quickly, is highly mobile, 

technologically superior, robust, flexible, and fully integrated with operations. 

Expeditionary combat support is the deployed agile combat support capability to 

provide persistent and effective support for the applications of air and space power on 

a global basis. Also known as ECS. (AFDD 2-4) 

force development 

A series of experiences and challenges, combined with education and training 

opportunities, that is directed at producing Airmen who possess the requisite skills, 

knowledge, experience, and motivation to lead and execute the full spectrum of Air 

Force missions. (AFDD 1-1) 

force health protection 

A comprehensive threat-based program directed at preventing and managing healthrelated actions against Air Force uncommitted combat power. (AFDD 2-4.2) 

force protection 

Actions taken to prevent or mitigate hostile actions against Department of Defense 

personnel (to include family members), resources, facilities, and critical information. 

These actions conserve the force’s fighting potential so it can be applied at the decisive 

time and place and incorporate the coordinated and synchronized offensive and 

defensive measures to enable the effective employment of the joint force while 

degrading opportunities for the enemy. Force protection does not include actions to 

defeat the enemy or protect against accidents, weather, or disease. Also called FP. (JP 

1-02) [An integrated application of offensive and defensive actions that deter, detect, 

preempt, mitigate, or negate threats against or hazards to Air Force air and space 

operations and assets, based on an acceptable level of risk.]{Definition in brackets 

applies only to the Air Force and is offered for clarity.} 

full spectrum threat response program 

The single, integrated Air Force program to address the full spectrum of physical risks, 

threats, mitigation strategies, and passive defense measures. The primary missions of 

the Air Force full spectrum threat response program are to 1) save lives, 2) minimize 

the loss or degradation of resources, and 3) continue, sustain, and restore combat and 

combat support operational capability in an “all hazards” physical threat environment at 

Air force installations worldwide. The ancillary missions of the full spectrum threat 

response program are to support Department of Defense homeland defense operations 

and to provide military support to civil and host nation authorities in accordance with 

Department of Defense directives and through the appropriate combatant command. 

The full spectrum threat response program is managed by the office of the Civil 

Engineer, HQ USAF/A7C. Also called FSTR. (AFDD 2-10) 
53 

functional effect 

 An effect on the ability of a system to function properly. (AFDD 2) 

fusion 

In intelligence usage, the process of examining all sources of intelligence and 

information to derive a complete assessment of activity. (JP 1-02) [Process of 

combining/aggregating data to derive a more complete assessment of a specific 

capability, action, or situation.] [AFDD 2-5] {Words in brackets apply only to the Air 

Force and are offered for clarity.} 

garrison 

A permanent Air Force base where Airmen execute and support air and space 

operations. Also referred to as home station. (AFDD 2-4) 

geospatial intelligence 

The exploitation and analysis of imagery and geospatial information to describe, assess 

and visually depict physical features and geographically referenced activities on the 

earth. Also known as GEOINT. (AFDD 2-1.9) 

global air mobility support system 

Provides responsive, worldwide support to airlift and air refueling operations. This 

system consists of an existing but limited set of CONUS and en route locations. 

Deployable forces capable of augmenting the fixed en route locations or establishing 

en route locations where none exist are also an integral part of this system. Also called 

GAMSS. (AFDD 2-6) 

homeland defense 

The protection of US territory, sovereignty, domestic population, and critical 

infrastructure against external threats and aggression. Also called HD.(AFDD 2-10) 

homeland security 

A concerted national effort to prevent terrorist attack within the United States, reduce 

America’s vulnerability to terrorism, and minimize the damage and recover from attacks 

that do occur. Also called HS.(AFDD 2-10) 

humanitarian operation 

An air mobility operation specifically mounted to alleviate human suffering where 

responsible civil actors in an area are unable or unwilling to adequately support a 

population. It may precede, parallel, or complement the activity of specialized civil 

humanitarian organizations. (AFDD 2-6) 
54 

indirect effect 

A second, third, or nth-order effect created through an intermediate effect or causal 

linkage following a causal action. It may be physical, psychological, functional, or 

systemic in nature. It may be created in a cumulative, cascading, sequential, or parallel 

manner. An indirect effect is often delayed and typically is more difficult to recognize 

and assess than a direct effect. (AFDD 2) 

indirect support 

Denotes security assistance and other efforts to develop and sustain host-nation 

capabilities. It also establishes a distinction between security assistance and forms of 

support involving direct operational employment of US forces. (AFDD 2-3.1) 

influence operations 

Employment of capabilities to affect behaviors, protect operations, communicate 

commander’s intent, and project accurate information to achieve desired effects across 

the cognitive domain. These effects should result in differing behavior or a change in 

the adversary decision cycle, which aligns with the commander’s objectives (AFDD 2-

5) 

information assurance 

Information operations that protect and defend information and information systems by 

ensuring their availability, integrity, authentication, confidentiality, and non-repudiation. 

This includes providing for restoration of information systems by incorporating 

protection, detection, and reaction capabilities. Also called IA. See also information; 

information operations; information system. (JP 1-02) [The Air Force prefers the DOD 

definition found in DODD 8500.1 “Measures that protect and defend information and 

information systems by ensuring their availability, integrity, authentication, 

confidentiality, and nonrepudiation. This includes providing for restoration of 

information systems by incorporating protection, detection, and reaction capabilities”] 

(AFDD 2-5){Words in brackets apply only to the Air Force and is offered for clarity.} 

information attack 

An activity taken to manipulate or destroy an adversary’s information systems without 

visibly changing the physical entity within which it resides. (AFDD 2-5) 

information dissemination management 

The subset of information management with a supporting infrastructure that addresses 

awareness, access, and delivery of information. The primary mission is to provide the 

right information to the right person, in the right format, at the right place and time in 

accordance with commanders’ information dissemination policies while optimizing the 

use of information infrastructure resources. It involves the compilation, cataloging, 
55 

caching, distribution, and retrieval of data; manages the information flow to users; and 

enables the execution of the commanders’ information dissemination policy. (AFDD 2-

5) 

information operations 

The integrated employment of the core capabilities of electronic warfare, computer 

network operations, psychological operations, military deception, and operations 

security, in concert with specified supporting and related capabilities, to influence, 

disrupt, corrupt or usurp adversarial human and automated decision making while 

protecting our own. Also called IO. (JP 1-02)[Information operations are the integrated 

employment of the core capabilities of influence operations, electronic warfare 

operations, network warfare operations, in concert with specified integrated control 

enablers, to influence, disrupt, corrupt or usurp adversarial human and automated 

decision making while protecting our own.] (AFDD 2-5) {Words in brackets apply only 

to the Air Force and is offered for clarity.} 

information superiority 

That degree of dominance in the information domain which permits the conduct of 

operations without effective opposition. (JP 1-02) The Air Force prefers to cast 

‘superiority’ as a state of relative advantage, not a capability, and views information 

superiority as: [the degree of dominance in the information domain which allows 

friendly forces the ability to collect, control, exploit, and defend information without 

effective opposition.] (AFDD 2-5){Words in brackets apply only to the Air Force and is 

offered for clarity.} 

information technology 

An umbrella term describing the suite of tools used for managing and processing 

information. These tools can include any communications device or computer, its 

ancillary equipment, software applications, and related supporting resources. Also 

called IT. (AFDD 2-5) 

integrated control enablers 

Critical capabilities required to execute successful air, space, and information 

operations and produce integrated effects for the joint fight. Includes intelligence, 

surveillance, and reconnaissance, network operations, and precision navigation and 

timing. Also called ICE. (AFDD 2-5) 

intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance 

Integrated capabilities to collect, process, exploit and disseminate accurate and timely 

information that provides the battlespace awareness necessary to successfully plan 

and conduct operations. (AFDD 2-5.2) 

intended effect 

 A proactively sought effect. (AFDD 2) 
56 

interference 

Interference is any electrical disturbance that causes undesirable responses in 

electronic equipment. (AFDD 2-5.1) 

internal development 

Actions taken by a nation to promote its growth by building viable institutions (political, 

military, economic, and social) that respond to the needs of its society. (AFDD 2-3.1) 

intrusion 

Movement of a unit or force within another nation’s specified operational area outside 

of territorial seas and territorial airspace for surveillance or intelligence gathering in 

time of peace or tension. (JP 1-02) [Intrusion is intentionally inserting electromagnetic 

energy into transmission paths in any manner. The object is to deceive equipment 

operators or cause confusion. The enemy conducts intrusion operations against us by 

inserting false information into our receiver paths. This false information may consist of 

voice instructions, ghost targets, coordinates for fire missions, or even rebroadcasting 

or prerecorded data transmissions.] (AFDD 2-5.1) {Words in brackets apply only to the 

Air Force and are offered for clarity.} 

joint air operations center 

A jointly staffed facility established for planning, directing, and executing joint air 

operations in support of the joint force commander’s operation or campaign objectives. 

Also called JAOC. (JP 1-02) [Joint operational campaign planning and execution is 

conducted through the joint air and space operations center (AOC). The joint air and 

space component commander (JFACC) uses the JAOC to command and control the 

integrated air and space effort to meet JFC objectives.] (AFDD 2) {Words in brackets 

apply only to the Air Force and are offered for clarity.} 

joint force air component commander 

The commander within a unified command, subordinate unified command, or joint task 

force responsible to the establishing commander for making recommendations on the 

proper employment of assigned, attached, and/or made available for tasking air forces; 

planning and coordinating air operations; or accomplishing such operational missions 

as may be assigned. The joint force air component commander is given the authority 

necessary to accomplish missions and tasks assigned by the establishing commander. 

Also called JFACC. (JP 1-02) [The joint air and space component commander (JFACC) 

uses the joint air and space operations center to command and control the integrated 

air and space effort to meet the joint force commander’s objectives. This title 

emphasizes the Air Force position that air power and space power together create 

effects that cannot be achieved through air or space power alone.] (AFDD 2) {Words in 

brackets apply only to the Air Force and are offered for clarity.} 
57 

joint force commander 

A general term applied to a combatant commander, subunified commander, or joint 

task force commander authorized to exercise combatant command (command 

authority) or operational control over a joint force. Also called JFC. (JP 1-02) 

[According to Joint Publication 0-2, Unified Action Armed Forces, Chapter III, 

Paragraph 3, Page III-3, “COCOM is the command authority over assigned forces 

vested only in the commanders of combatant commands by title 10, USC, section 164 

(or as directed by the President in the UCP) and cannot be delegated or transferred.” ] 

The words in brackets are added for clarity. 

joint personnel recovery center 

A primary joint personnel recovery (PR) node. The center is suitably staffed by 

supervisory personnel and equipped for planning, coordinating, and executing joint PR 

within the geographical area assigned to the joint force. The facility is operated jointly 

by personnel from two or more Service or functional components or it may have a 

multinational staff of personnel from two or more allied or coalition nations. Also called 

JPRC. (AFDD 2-1.6) 

kill box 

A three-dimensional area reference that enables timely, effective coordination and 

control and facilitates rapid attacks. (JP 1-02) [A generic term for a preplanned 

airspace control measure and/or a fire support coordination measure used by the joint 

force to integrate and synchronize air and surface operations and deconflict joint fires 

in an expedient manner or on an asymmetric battlefield.] (AFDD 2-1.3) {Words in 

brackets apply only to the Air Force and are offered for clarity.} 

kinetic 

Relating to actions that involve the forces and energy of moving bodies, including 

physical damage to or destruction of targets through use of bombs, missiles, bullets, 

and similar projectiles. (AFDD 2-1.9) 

leadership 

The art and science of influencing and directing people to accomplish the assigned 

mission. (AFDD 1-1) 

link 

 A behavioral, physical, or functional relationship between nodes in a system. (AFDD 2) 

maneuver 

1. A movement to place ships, aircraft, or land forces in a position of advantage over 

the enemy. 2. A tactical exercise carried out at sea, in the air, on the ground, or on a 

map in imitation of war. 3. The operation of a ship, aircraft, or vehicle, to cause it to 
58 

perform desired movements. 4. Employment of forces in the battlespace through 

movement in combination with fires to achieve a position of advantage in respect to the 

enemy in order to accomplish the mission. (JP 1-02) [Air and space power is a 

maneuver element in its own right, co-equal with land and maritime power; as such, it 

is no longer merely a supporting force to surface combat. As a maneuver element, it 

can be supported by surface forces in attaining its assigned objectives.] (AFDD 

2){Words in brackets apply only to the Air Force and are offered for clarity.} 

meaconing 

A system of receiving radio beacon signals and rebroadcasting them on the same 

frequency to confuse navigation. The meaconing stations cause inaccurate bearings to 

be obtained by aircraft or ground stations. (JP 1-02) [Successful enemy meaconing 

causes: 1. Aircraft to be lured into hot landing zones or enemy airspace 2. Bombers to 

expend ordnance on false targets. 3. Ground stations to receive inaccurate bearings or 

position locations.] [AFDD 2-5.1] {Words in brackets apply only to the Air Force and are 

offered for clarity.} 

measure of effect 

Independent qualitative or quantitative empirical measure assigned to an intended 

effect, against which the effect’s achievement is assessed. Also call MOE. (AFDD 2) 

measure of performance 

A quantitative empirical measure of achieved actions against associated 

planned/required actions and against which a task’s or other action’s accomplishment, 

is assessed. Also called MOP. (AFDD 2) 

measures and indicators 

Encompassing term for the various criteria used to evaluate progress within the 

assessment process (AFDD 2-1.9) 

mutual assured destruction 

A theory of nuclear deterrence which is based on the premise that neither opponent will 

initiate a nuclear attack because the ensuring conflict would be unrestrained and would 

destroy both nations. (AFDD 2-1.5) 

national assessment 

A broad, overarching review of the effectiveness of national security strategy and 

whether national leadership’s objectives for a particular operation or campaign are 

being met. Also called NA. (AFDD 2) 

network attack 

 The employment of network-based capabilities to destroy, disrupt, corrupt, or usurp 
59 

information resident in or transiting through networks. Networks include telephony and 

data services networks. Also called NetA. (AFDD 2-5) 

network defense 

The employment of network-based capabilities to defend friendly information resident 

in or transiting through networks against adversary efforts to destroy, disrupt, corrupt, 

or usurp it. Also called NetD. (AFDD 2-5) 

network management 

The execution of the set of activities required for controlling, planning, allocating, 

deploying, coordinating, and monitoring the resources of a telecommunications 

network, including performing actions such as initial network planning, frequency 

allocation, predetermined traffic routing to support load balancing, cryptographic key 

distribution authorization, configuration management, fault management, security 

management, performance management, and accounting management. (AFDD 2-5) 

network operations 

The integrated planning and employment of military capabilities to provide the friendly 

net environment needed to plan, control and execute military operations and conduct 

Service functions. NetOps provides operational planning and control. It involves timecritical, operational-level decisions that direct configuration changes and information 

routing. Network operations risk management and command and control decisions are 

based on a fused assessment of intelligence, ongoing operations, commander’s intent, 

blue and gray situation, net health, and net security. NetOps provides the three 

operational elements of information assurance, network/system management, and 

information dissemination management. Also called NetOps. (AFDD 2-5) 

network warfare operations 

Network warfare operations are the integrated planning and employment of military 

capabilities to achieve desired effects across the interconnected analog and digital 

portion of the battlespace. Network warfare operations are conducted in the information 

domain through the dynamic combination of hardware, software, data, and human 

interaction. Also called NW Ops. (AFDD 2-5) 

network warfare support 

Actions tasked by or under direct control of an operational commander to search for, 

intercept, identify, and locate or localize sources of access and vulnerability for the 

purpose of immediate threat recognition, targeting, planning, and conduct of future 

operations. Also called NS. (AFDD 2-5) 

no-strike list 

A list of geographic areas, complexes, or installations not planned for capture or 
60 

destruction. Attacking these may violate the law of armed conflict or interfere with 

friendly relations with indigenous personnel or governments. Also called NSL. (JP 1-02) 

[The no-strike list is a list of geographic areas, complexes, installations, or personnel 

not planned for capture or destruction. Attacking personnel may violate LOAC or 

interfere with friendly relations with indigenous personnel or governments.]{Words in 

brackets apply only to the Air Force and are offered for clarity.} (AFDD 2-1.9) 

node 

A tangible entity that is a physical, functional, or behavioral element of a system. 

(AFDD 2) 

non-kinetic 

Relating to actions that produce effects without direct use of the force or energy of 

moving objects, including such means as electromagnetic radiation, directed energy, 

information operations, etc. (AFDD 2-1.9) 

offensive counterair 

Offensive operations to destroy, disrupt, or neutralize enemy aircraft, missiles, launch 

platforms, and their supporting structures and systems both before and after launch, 

but as close to their source as possible. Offensive counterair operations range 

throughout enemy territory and are generally conducted at the initiative of friendly 

forces. These operations include attack operations, fighter sweep, escort, and 

suppression of enemy air defenses. Also called OCA. See also counterair; defensive 

counterair; operation. Also called OCA. (JP 1-02) [Offensive counterair operations 

range throughout enemy territory and are generally conducted at the initiative of 

friendly forces.] (AFDD 2-1.1) {Words in brackets apply only to the Air Force and are 

offered for clarity.} 

offensive counterspace. 

Operations to preclude an adversary from exploiting space to their advantage. Also 

called OCS. (AFDD 2-2.1) 

offensive force protection 

Proactive measures taken to deny, defeat, or destroy hostile forces who currently are 

not committed to direct hostile activity but whose intent is to target Air Force assets not 

currently engaged in combat operations. (AFDD 2-4.1) 

on-scene commander 

The person designated to coordinate the personnel recovery efforts at the recovery 

site. Also called OSC. (AFDD 2-1.6) 

OODA Loop 

The process of observing phenomena, orienting mentally toward them, deciding upon a 

course of action concerning them, and acting on that decision. Also known as the 
61 

decision cycle. (AFDD 2) 

operational assessment 

Joint force components’ evaluation of the achievement of their objectives, both tactical 

and operational, through assessment of effects, operational execution, environmental 

influences, and attainment of the objectives’ success indicators, in order to develop 

strategy recommendations. It also includes any required analysis of causal linkages. 

Also called OA. (AFDD 2) 

operational doctrine 

Operational doctrine guides the proper organization and employment of air and space 

forces in the context of distinct objectives, force capabilities, broad functional areas, 

and operational environments. Operational doctrine provides the focus for developing 

the missions and tasks that must be executed through tactical doctrine. Doctrine at this 

level changes a bit more rapidly than basic doctrine, but usually only after deliberate 

internal Service debate. (AFDD 1) 

operational risk management 

The systematic process of identifying hazards, assessing risks, analyzing risk control 

measures, making control decisions, implementing risk controls, and supervising and 

reviewing the process. Commanders accept the residual risks. (AFDD 2-8) 

parallel attack 

Offensive military action that strikes a wide array of targets in a short period of time in 

order to cause maximum shock and dislocation effects across an entire enemy system. 

(AFDD 2) 

parallel effect 

The result of actions or effects that are imposed at the same time or nearsimultaneously. (AFDD 2) 

passive defense 

Measures taken to reduce the probability of and to minimize the effects of damage 

caused by hostile action without the intention of taking the initiative. (JP 1-02) [To 

protect US, allied, and coalition forces against NBC effects, including measures to 

detect and identify NBC agents, individual and collective protection equipment, NBC 

medical response, vaccines for BW defense, and NBC decontamination capabilities.] 

[AFDD 2-1.8] {Words in brackets apply only to the Air Force and are offered for clarity.}

passive force protection 

Measures to negate or reduce the effects of hostile acts on Air Force assets by making 

them more survivable. This can be proactively accomplished through training, 
62 

education, hardening, camouflage, concealment, deception, information security, and 

low/zero observable execution. (AFDD 2-4.1) 

personnel recovery 

The aggregation of military, civil, and political efforts to obtain the release or recovery 

of personnel from uncertain or hostile environments and denied areas whether they are 

captured, missing, or isolated. That includes US, allied, coalition, friendly military, or 

paramilitary, and others as designated by the President or Secretary of Defense. 

Personnel recovery (PR) is the umbrella term for operations that are focused on the 

task of recovering captured, missing, or isolated personnel from harm’s way. PR 

includes but is not limited to theater search and rescue; combat search and rescue; 

search and rescue; survival, evasion, resistance, and escape; evasion and escape; 

and the coordination of negotiated as well as forcible recovery options. PR can occur 

through military action, action by nongovernmental organizations, other US 

Government-approved action, and/or diplomatic initiatives, or through any of these. 

Also called PR.(AFDD 2-1.6) 

personnel recovery coordination cell 

A primary personnel recovery facility suitably staffed by supervisory personnel and 

equipped for coordinating and controlling personnel recovery operations. The facility is 

operated unilaterally by personnel of a single Service or jointly by functional 

component. For Navy component operations, this facility may be called a rescue 

coordination team. Also called PRCC (or RCT for Navy component). (AFDD 2-1.6) 

Personnel Support for Contingency Operations 

The collection of manual and automated procedures, systems, hardware, personnel 

agencies, and deployable teams to accomplish total force accountability, casualty 

reporting, strength reporting, and personnel program support. Total force accountability 

is primary mission of PERSCO—providing personnel support to the warfighter. Also 

called PERSCO. (AFDD 2-4) 

PHOENIX RAVEN 

Specially trained security forces teams that deploy with the air mobility aircraft to 

mitigate threats. These teams are comprised of individuals trained and equipped to 

provide protection of the aircraft and/or aircrews when transiting highrisk areas. (AFDD 

2-6) 

physical attack 

The means to disrupt, damage, or destroy targets through the conversion of stored 

energy into destructive power. (AFDD 2-5) 

physical effect 

 An effect that physically alters an object or system. (AFDD 2) 
63 

policy 

Guidance that is directive or instructive, stating what is to be accomplished. It reflects a 

conscious choice to pursue certain avenues, and not others. Policies may change due 

to changes in national leadership, political considerations, or for fiscal reasons. At the 

national level, policy may be expressed in such broad vehicles such as the National 

Security Strategy. Within military operations, policy may be expressed not only in terms 

of objectives, but also in rules of engagement (ROE)—what we may or may not strike, 

or under what circumstances we may strike particular targets. (AFDD 1) 

positive control 

A method of airspace control that relies on positive identification, tracking, and direction 

of aircraft within an airspace, conducted with electronic means by an agency having the 

authority and responsibility therein. (JP 1-02) [Also includes the use of design features, 

procedures, safety rules, or accident prevention or mitigation measures that reduce the 

likelihood, severity, or consequence of an accidental or deliberate threat involving a 

nuclear weapon or nuclear weapon system.] (AFDD 2-1.7) {Words in brackets apply 

only to the Air Force and are offered for clarity.} 

positive identification 

Identification is determined by visual recognition, electronic support systems, noncooperative target recognition systems, identification friend or foe systems or other 

physics-based identification techniques. Positive identification does not assume identity 

solely based on location or adherence to airspace procedures. (AFDD 2-1.7) 

precept 

A commandment or direction based on carefully worked out principles and meant as a 

rule of action or conduct. (AFDD 1) 

predictive battlespace awareness 

The situational awareness needed to develop patterns of behavior, constraints, and 

opportunities of geography, topography, culture, environment, and forces that allow us 

to misdirect, predict, and pre-empt our adversaries. Also called PBA. (AFDD 2-1.9) 

principle 

 A comprehensive and fundamental law, doctrine, or assumption. (AFDD 1) 

procedural identification 

Identification is based on adherence to airspace control measures and rules. 

Identification is assumed to be friendly as long as rules are followed, but identification 

is assumed hostile if rules are not followed and the suspect vehicle is not otherwise 

positively identified. (AFDD 2-1.7) 
64 

proliferation prevention 

To deny attempts by would-be proliferants to acquire or expand their nuclear, biological 

and chemical (NBC) capabilities by: providing inspection, monitoring, verification, and 

enforcement support for nonproliferation treaties and NBC arms control regimes; 

support export control activities; assisting in the identification of potential proliferants 

before they can acquire or expand their NBC capabilities; and, if so directed by the 

President or Secretary of Defense, as appropriate, for planning and conducting denial 

operations. (AFDD 2-1.5) 

psychological effect 

An effect on the emotions, motives, and reasoning of individuals, groups, 

organizations, and governments. They are commonly intermediate steps toward 

behavioral effects. (AFDD 2) 

reachback 

The process of obtaining products, services, and applications or forces, equipment, or 

materiel from Air Force organizations that are not forward deployed. (AFDD 2-8) 

recovery teams 

Designated Air Force teams specifically trained to operate independently or in 

conjunction with rotary wing / fixed wing aircraft, watercraft and overland vehicles. 

Combat rescue officers (CRO), pararescue specialists and survival, evasion, 

resistance, escape specialists, provide this capability. Also called RT (AFDD 2-1.6) 

reliability tanker 

An air mobility tanker that operates within a given area with no scheduled receiver. It 

acts as a flying spare should another tanker not be able to pass fuel. Additionally it can 

be used in emergencies when aircraft that were not programmed to receive fuel require 

it, i.e. combat disabled aircraft or those in which flight conditions have caused excess 

fuel burn. (AFDD 2-6) 

remediation 

Actions taken in response to cleaning up a contaminated site to mitigate effects of 

environmental contamination on human health and safety, the environment, or the 

mission. Remediation actions can range from total cleanup, to monitoring of the site, to 

no action required. These site clean-up activities are performed safely and consistently 

in accordance with the Air Force Solid and Hazardous Waste Program. (AFDD 2-4) 

restricted target list 

A list of restricted targets nominated by elements of the joint force and approved by the 

joint force commander. This list also includes restricted targets directed by higher 
65 

authorities. Also called RTL. (JP 1-02) [A list of targets that have specific restrictions 

imposed upon them. Actions that exceed specific restrictions are prohibited until 

coordinated and approved by the establishing headquarters. Targets are restricted 

because certain types of actions against them may have negative political, cultural, law 

of armed conflict or propaganda implications, or may interfere with projected friendly 

operations. The RTL is nominated by elements of the joint force and approved by the 

combined force commander. This list also includes restricted targets directed by higher 

authorities.] {Words in brackets apply only to the Air Force and are offered for 

clarity.}(AFDD 2-1.9) 

retrograde 

Returning assets—particularly repairable parts—from the area of operations to their 

source of repair. (AFDD 2-4) 

security assistance team 

For purposes of Air Force Foreign Internal Defense doctrine, any team temporarily 

deployed by the United States Air Force to a recipient country to perform security 

assistance duties in behalf of the US government. (AFDD 2-3.1) 

security measures 

The means to protect and defend information and information systems. Security 

measures include operations security and information assurance. (AFDD 2-5) 

sequential effects 

 Effects that are imposed one after another. Also known as serial effects. (AFDD 2) 

sequential operations 

Operations that apply pressure in sequence, imposing one effect after another, usually 

over a considerable period of time. Also known as serial operations. (AFDD 2) 

services 

As related to security assistance, includes any service, test, inspection, repair, training, 

publication, technical or other assistance, or defense information used for the purpose 

of furnishing nonmilitary assistance under the Foreign Assistance Act (FAA) of 1961, 

as amended, or for making military sales under the US Arms Export Control Act of 

1976, as amended. (AFDD 2-3.1) 

space assets 

A generic term which may refer to any of the following individually or in combination: 

space systems, individual parts of a space system, space personnel, or supporting 

infrastructure. (AFDD 2-2) 
66 

space capability 

1. The ability of a space asset to accomplish a mission. 2. The ability of a terrestrialbased asset to accomplish a mission in space (e.g., a ground-based or airborne laser 

capable of negating a satellite). See also space; space asset. [JP 1-02] [The ability of a 

space asset or system to accomplish a mission.] (AFDD 2-2) {Words in brackets apply 

only to the Air Force and are offered for clarity.} 

space control 

Combat, combat support, and combat service support operations to ensure freedom of 

action in space for the United States and its allies and, when directed, deny an 

adversary freedom of action in space. The space control mission area includes: 

surveillance of space; protection of US and friendly space systems; prevention of an 

adversary's ability to use space systems and services for purposes hostile to US 

national security interests; negation of space systems and services used for purposes 

hostile to US national security interests; and directly supporting battle management, 

command, control, communications, and intelligence. (JP 1-02) [Operations to attain 

and maintain a desired degree of space superiority by allowing friendly forces to exploit 

space capabilities while denying an adversaries ability to do the same (e.g. protection, 

prevention and negation). SC is achieved through offensive counterspace and 

defensive counterspace operations. Note: The Air Force uses counterspace as an 

equivalent definition of the space control mission.] Also called SC (AFDD 2-2) {Words 

in brackets apply only to the US Air Force and are offered for clarity.} 

space coordinating authority 

An authority in theater to coordinate joint space operations and integrate space 

capabilities. SCA can be retained by the JFC but is generally delegated down to the 

functional component commander with the preponderance of space forces, expertise in 

space operations, and ability to command and control. (AFDD 2-2) 

space force enhancement. 

Combat support operations to improve the effectiveness of military forces as well as 

support other intelligence, civil, and commercial users. The space force enhancement 

mission area includes: ISR; integrated tactical warning and attack assessment; 

command, control, and communications; position, velocity, time, and navigation; and 

environmental monitoring. (JP 1-02) [Space-based capabilities that contribute to 

maximizing the effectiveness of military air, land, sea and space operations as well as 

support other intelligence, civil, and commercial users. The SFE mission area includes: 

ISR; integrated warning and attack assessment; communications; positioning, 

navigation and timing; blue force tracking; space environment monitoring and weather 

services.] Also called SFE (AFDD 2-2) {Words in brackets apply only to the US Air 

Force and are offered for clarity.} 
67 

space forces 

The space and terrestrial systems, equipment, facilities, organizations, and personnel 

necessary to access, use and, if directed, control space for national security. (JP 1-02) 

[Operational military units which consist of some combination of space assets such as 

space-based and terrestrial equipment, facilities, organizations, and personnel used to 

exploit space for national security.] [AFDD 2-2] {Words in brackets apply only to the Air 

Force and are offered for clarity.} 

space parity 

That condition wherein neither opposing force enjoys an appreciable advantage over 

the other in controlling the space domain. (AFDD 2-2) 

space situation awareness 

The requisite current and predictive knowledge of space events, threats, activities, 

conditions, and space system (space, ground, link) status, capabilities, constraints and 

employment—current and future, friendly and hostile—to enable commanders, decision 

makers, planners, and operators to gain and maintain space superiority across the 

spectrum of conflict. Space situation awareness is the cornerstone of space operations, 

all-inclusive of space force enhancement, space support, and space control. Also 

called SSA. (AFDD 2-2) 

space superiority 

The degree of dominance in space of one force over another that permits the conduct 

of operations by the former and its related land, sea, air, space, and special operations 

forces at a given time and place without prohibitive interference by the opposing force. 

(JP 1-02)[That level of control in the space domain that one force enjoys over another 

that permits the conduct of operations at a given time and place without prohibitive 

interference by the opposing force. Space superiority may be localized in time and 

space, or it may be broad and enduring.] (AFDD 2-2) {Words in brackets apply only to 

the Air Force and are offered for clarity.} 

space support 

Combat support operations to deploy and sustain military and intelligence systems in 

space. The space support mission area includes launching and deploying space 

vehicles, maintaining and sustaining spacecraft on-orbit, and deorbiting and recovering 

space vehicles, if required. (JP 1`-02) [Those operations conducted with the objective 

of deploying, sustaining, and augmenting elements or capabilities of military space 

systems. Space support consists of spacelift, on-orbit support, deorbiting and 

recovering space vehicles, and reconstitution of space forces.] (AFDD 2-2) {Words in 

brackets apply only to the Air Force and are offered for clarity.} 

space supremacy 

 That level of control in the space domain that one force enjoys over another that 
68 

permits the conduct of operations at a given time and place without effective 

interference by the opposing force. Space supremacy may be localized in time and 

space, or it may be broad and enduring. (AFDD 2-2) 

space system 

A system with a major functional component that operates in the space environment or 

affects a space-based capability. Space systems consist of nodes and links. There are 

three nodes: space, terrestrial, and airborne. A space system also consists of links: 

control and mission. (AFDD 2-2) 

special operations expeditionary wing 

Normally composed of a special operations wing or a wing slice with a command 

element. It is attached to a COMAFFOR, JSOTF, JSOACC, or JTF depending upon 

size, duration, and nature of the operation. It may be composed of units from different 

wings, but where possible, is formed from units of a single wing. Also called SOEW. 

(AFDD 2-7) 

special operations low level 

Selected airlift SOLL crews trained to augment core Air Force special operations forces 

by performing specialized low-level flight. SOLL are limited to a no-to-low threat 

environment during visual weather conditions. (AFDD 2-7) 

specialty training 

The total training process (life cycle) used to qualify Airmen in their assigned specialty. 

(AFI 36-2201) 

split operations 

One type of distributed operations. It describes those distributed operations conducted 

by a single command and control (C2) entity that is separated between two or more 

geographic locations. A single commander must have oversight of all aspects of a split 

C2 operation. (AFDD 2-8) 

storage 

1. The retention of data in any form, usually for the purpose of orderly retrieval and 

documentation. 2. A device consisting of electronic, electrostatic, electrical, hardware 

or other elements into which data may be entered, and from which data may be 

obtained as desired. (JP 1-02) [Maintaining information for later retrieval and access by 

the user. Access to the stored data may be via remote or local means. This access 

may be by user retrieval or provided automatically by the storage system. Various 

media exist to store information including magnetic disk, laser optical disk, magnetic 

tapes, etc.] (AFDD 2-5) {Words in brackets apply only to the Air Force and are offered 

for clarity.} 
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strategic assessment 

The measurement of effects at the strategic level. Strategic assessment determines 

whether overall strategy is working and how well the strategic objectives of both sides 

are being achieved. (AFDD 2-1.2) 

strategic attack 

Offensive action conducted by command authorities action aimed at generating effects 

that most directly achieve our national security objectives by affecting an adversary’s 

leadership, conflict-sustaining resources, and/or strategy. (AFDD 2-1.2) 

success indicator 

The conditions indicating the progress toward and/or achievement of an objective or 

end-state condition. Also called SI. (AFDD 2-1.9) 

suppression of adversary counterspace capabilities 

Suppression that neutralizes or negates an adversary offensive counterspace system 

through deception, denial, disruption, degradation, and/or destruction. These 

operations can target ground, air, missile, or space threats in response to an attack or 

threat of attack. Also called SACC. (AFDD 2-2.1) 

sustainment 

The provision of personnel, logistic, and other support required to maintain and prolong 

operations or combat until successful accomplishment or revision of the mission or of 

the national objective. (JP 1-02) [The Air Force’s ability to maintain operations once 

forces engage. Sustainment involves the provision of personnel, logistics, and other 

support required to maintain and prolong operations or combat until successful 

accomplishment or revision of the mission or of the national objective.] (AFDD 2-4) 

{Words in brackets apply to the Air Force and are offered for clarity.} 

symmetric operations 

Operations in which a capability is countered by the same or similar capability. (AFDD 

2) 

systemic effect 

 An effect on the entire operation of a system or systems. (AFDD 2) 

tactical assessment 

 The overall determination of the effectiveness of tactical operations. (AFDD 2) 

tactical doctrine 

 Describes the proper employment of specific Air Force capabilities and their inherent 
70 

assets, individually or in concert with other capabilities and assets, to achieve desired 

effects and objectives. Tactical doctrine considers particular objectives(e.g. stopping 

the advance of an enemy armored column) and conditions (threats, weather, terrain, 

etc.)and describes how Air Force assets are employed to accomplish the tactical 

objective (B-1s dropping anti-armor cluster munitions, etc.). Tactical doctrine, in the 

form of techniques and procedures, also gives detailed guidance on how to develop 

functional capabilities and accomplish combat support tasks (civil engineers repairing 

facilities, services technicians providing beddown support, etc.). Tactical doctrine is 

codified as tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTP) in Air Force TTP 3-X series 

manuals. Because tactical doctrine is closely associated with employment of 

technology, change may occur more rapidly than to the other levels of doctrine. Also, 

due to their sensitive nature, some of these documents are classified. (AFDD 1) 

tanker airlift control center 

The Air Mobility Command direct reporting unit responsible for tasking and controlling 

operational missions for all activities involving forces supporting US Transportation 

Command’s global air mobility mission. The Tanker Airlift Control Center is comprised 

of the following functions: current operations, command and control, logistic operations, 

aerial port operations, aeromedical evacuation, flight planning, diplomatic clearances, 

and weather. Also called 18 AF/TACC. (AFDD 2-6) 

targeteer 

Multi-disciplinary specialists highly trained in analyzing targets and developing targeting 

solutions to support the commander’s objectives. (AFDD 2-1.9) 

targeting 

The process of selecting and prioritizing targets and matching the appropriate response 

to them, taking account of operational requirements and capabilities. (JP 1-02). [The 

part of the tasking process for selecting and prioritizing targets and matching 

appropriate actions to those targets to create specific desired effects that achieve 

objectives, taking account of operational requirements and capabilities.] (AFDD 2-

1.9){Words in brackets apply only to the Air Force and are offered for clarity.} 

total asset visibility 

The capability to provide users with timely and accurate information on the location, 

movement, status, and identity of units, personnel, equipment, materiel, and supplies. It 

also includes the capability to act upon that information to improve overall performance 

of the Department of Defense’s logistic practices. Also called TAV. (JP 1-02) [An 

integrated structure using a command and control process to ensure the quantity, 

condition, and location of critical assets are visible.] [AFDD 2-4] {Words in brackets 

apply to the Air Force and are offered for clarity.} 

Total Force 

 The US Air Force organizations, units, and individuals that provide the capabilities to 
71 

support the Department of Defense in implementing the national security strategy. 

Total Force includes regular Air Force, Air National Guard of the United States, and Air 

Force Reserve military personnel, US Air Force military retired members, US Air Force 

civilian personnel (including foreign national direct- and indirect-hire, as well as 

nonappropriated fund employees), contractor staff, and host-nation support personnel. 

(AFDD 2) 

two-person concept 

Designed to prohibit access by an individual to nuclear weapons and certain 

designated components by requiring the presence at all times of at least two authorized 

persons, each capable of detecting an incorrect act or unauthorized procedure with 

respect to the task to be performed. (AFDD 2-1.5) 

unintended effect 

An outcome of an action (whether positive or negative) that is not part of the 

commander’s original intent. (AFDD 2) 

unmanned aircraft 

An aircraft under remote or autonomous control used to execute missions in the full 

range of military operations. An unmanned aircraft can be expendable or recoverable, 

can carry a payload, and does not transport passengers or crew. Also called UA. 

(JUAS CONOPS) 

unmanned aircraft systems 

A system that employs unmanned aircraft in support of both offensive and defensive 

operations. The system is composed of six elements: the air vehicle, payloads, 

communications links, ground control stations, ground support equipment, and the 

ground operators. Also called UAS. (JUAS CONOPS) 

US country team 

The senior, in-country, US coordinating and supervising body, headed by the chief of 

the diplomatic mission, usually an ambassador, and composed of the senior member of 

each represented US department or agency, as desired by the chief of the US 

diplomatic mission. (AFDD 2.3.1) 

war 

Open and often prolonged conflict between nations (or organized groups within 

nations) to achieve national objectives. (AFDD 1) 

warfighters 

The air and space expeditionary task force (AETF) commander—the COMAFFOR—is 

the lead Air Force warfighter and exercises control over forces, assigned, attached, 
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and in support. These AETF forces that are engaged in the operational and tactical 

levels of warfare are the COMAFFOR’s warfighters. (AFDD 1) 

weaponeering 

The process of determining the quantity of a specific type of lethal or nonlethal 

weapons required to achieve a specific level of damage to a given target, considering 

target vulnerability, weapons effect, munitions delivery accuracy, damage criteria, 

probability of kill, and weapon reliability. (JP 1-02) [Weaponeering is the part of the 

tasking process for estimating the quantity and types of lethal and non-lethal weapons 

needed to achieve desired effects against specific targets.] (AFDD 2-1.9) {Words in 

brackets apply only to the Air Force and are offered for clarity.} 

weather services 

A specialized task performed by air and space forces to provide timely and accurate 

environmental information to support strategic, operational, and tactical military 

operations. (AFDD 1)