In cooperation with the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection 

Concentrations of Selected Pharmaceuticals 

and Antibiotics in South-Central 

Pennsylvania Waters, March through 

September 2006

U.S. Department of the Interior

U.S. Geological Survey

Data Series 300

Concentrations of Selected 

Pharmaceuticals and Antibiotics in SouthCentral Pennsylvania Waters, 

March through September 2006

By Connie A. Loper, J. Kent Crawford, Kim L. Otto, Rhonda L. Manning1, 

Michael T. Meyer, and Edward T. Furlong 

1

Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection 

Bureau of Water Standards and Facility Regulation 

In cooperation with the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection

Data Series 300

U.S. Department of the Interior

U.S. Geological Survey
U.S. Department of the Interior

DIRK KEMPTHORNE, Secretary

U.S. Geological Survey

Mark D. Myers, Director

U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2007

For product and ordering information:

World Wide Web: http://www.usgs.gov/pubprod

Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS

For more information on the USGS—the Federal source for science about the Earth,

its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment:

World Wide Web: http://www.usgs.gov

Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS

Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply 

endorsement by the U.S. Government.

Although this report is in the public domain, permission must be secured from the individual 

copyright owners to reproduce any copyrighted material contained within this report.

Suggested citation:

Loper, C.A., Crawford, J.K., Otto, K.L., Manning, R.L., Meyer, M.T., and Furlong, E.T., 2007, Concentrations of selected

pharmaceuticals and antibiotics in south-central Pennsylvania waters, March through September 2006: U.S. Geological

Survey Data Series 300, 101 p. 
iii

Contents

Abstract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Need for the Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Purpose of the Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Scope of the Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Site Selection and Sampling Locations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Streamflow Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Field Water Chemistry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Water-Quality Sampling and Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Stream Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Well Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Laboratory Analyses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Quality Assurance and Quality Control. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Quality Control on Field Measurements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Quality Control on Water-Quality Samples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Blanks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Duplicates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Laboratory-Spiked Environmental Samples. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Laboratory Quality Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Results for Quality-Control Samples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Blanks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Duplicates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Laboratory-Spiked Environmental Samples. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Laboratory Quality Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Concentrations of Selected Pharmaceuticals and Antibiotics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Water Quality in Streams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Water Quality in Wells. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Water Quality at All Sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Numbers of Detections of Compounds by Season . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

References Cited. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

Appendix 1.—Records of wells sampled in Adams, Lancaster, Lebanon, 

Huntingdon, and Union Counties in 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 

Figures

1. Map showing locations of sampling sites for the study, south-central Pennsylvania . . . . . . . . . . 4
iv

Tables

1. Sampling sites for this study, including site types, U.S. Geological Survey station 

identification numbers and names, latitude and longitude, and map identification number. . . . . . . .5

2. Field measurements, units, accuracies, and equipment types used for this study. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7

3. List of target pharmaceutical and antibiotic compounds analyzed at the 

U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory in Denver, Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9

4. List of target antibiotic and pharmaceutical compounds analyzed at the 

U.S Geological Survey Organic Geochemistry Research Laboratory in Lawrence, Kansas . . . . . .10

5. Summary of quality-control samples analyzed at the U.S. Geological Survey 

National Water Quality Laboratory (NWQL) and Organic Geochemistry Research 

Laboratory (OGRL). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12

6. Field chemistry and conditions, pharmaceutical, and antibiotic data, March to 

September 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . at back of report

7. Relative percent differences (RPD) in concentrations of primary environmental and 

quality-control sequential and split duplicate samples analyzed at the U.S. Geological 

Survey (USGS) National Water Quality Laboratory (NWQL) and Organic 

Geochemistry Research Laboratory (ORGL) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14

8. Pharmaceutical and antibiotic recoveries in the laboratory-spiked environmental sample 

analyzed at the USGS National Water Quality Laboratory in Denver, Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16

9. Antibiotic and pharmaceutical recoveries in the laboratory-spiked environmental sample 

collected in March 2006 from Snitz Creek and analyzed at the U.S. Geological Survey 

Organic Geochemistry Research Laboratory in Lawrence, Kansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18

10. Antibiotic and pharmaceutical recoveries in the laboratory-spiked environmental sample 

collected in May 2006 from Snitz Creek and analyzed at U.S. Geological Survey Organic

Geochemistry Research Laboratory in Lawrence, Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19

11. Summary statistics for surrogate-spike recoveries by site type from samples collected 

for this study and from evaluation of long-term recoveries for U.S. Geological Survey 

National Water Quality Laboratory (NWQL) reagent spikes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20

12. Summary statistics for concentrations of selected pharmaceuticals and antibiotics 

analyzed at the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory and Organic 

Geochemistry Laboratory for stream-water sites, south-central Pennsylvania, 2006. . . . . . . . . . . . .22

13. Summary of numbers of detections for selected pharmaceuticals and antibiotics 

for stream-water sites, south-central Pennsylvania, 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26

14. Summary statistics for concentrations and numbers of detections of pharmaceuticals 

and antibiotics analyzed at the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality and 

Organic Geochemistry Research Laboratories for well-water sites, south-central 

Pennsylvania, 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29

15. Concentration ranges of compounds with detections, numbers of seasonal samples 

with detections of specific compounds, and number of compounds detected by site . . . . . . . . . . .32

16. Summary of numbers of detections by season at stream-water sites sampled, 

south-central Pennsylvania, 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38

17. Summary of numbers of detections by season at well-water sites sampled, 

south-central Pennsylvania, 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40
v

Conversion Factors

Multiply By To obtain

Length

inch (in.) 2.54 centimeter (cm)

inch (in.) 25.4 millimeter (mm)

foot (ft) 0.3048 meter (m)

mile (mi) 1.609 kilometer (km)

Flow rate

cubic foot per second (ft3/s) 0.02832 cubic meter per second (m3/s)

Temperature in degrees Celsius (°C) may be converted to degrees Fahrenheit (°F) as follows:

°F = (1.8×°C) + 32

Vertical coordinate information is referenced to the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 

(NAVD 88).

Horizontal coordinate information is referenced to the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD 83).

Altitude, as used in this report, refers to distance above the vertical datum.

Specific conductance is given in microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius (μS/cm at 

25°C).

Concentrations of Selected Pharmaceuticals and 

Antibiotics in South-Central Pennsylvania Waters, 

March 2006 through September 2006

1 By Connie A. Loper, J. Kent Crawford, Kim L. Otto, Rhonda L. Manning , Michael T. Meyer, and Edward T. Furlong

Abstract

This report presents environmental and quality-control 

data from analyses of 15 pharmaceutical and 31 antibiotic compounds in water samples from streams and wells in south-central Pennsylvania. The analyses are part of a study by the U.S. 

Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection (PADEP) to 

define concentrations of selected emerging contaminants in 

streams and well water in Pennsylvania. Sampling was conducted at 11 stream sites and at 6 wells in 9 counties of southcentral Pennsylvania. Five of the streams received municipal 

wastewater and 6 of the streams received runoff from agricultural areas dominated by animal-feeding operations. For all 

11 streams, samples were collected at locations upstream and 

downstream of the municipal effluents or animal-feeding operations. All six wells were in agricultural settings.

A total of 120 environmental samples and 21 quality-control samples were analyzed for the study. Samples were collected at each site in March/April, May, July, and September 

2006 to obtain information on changes in concentration that 

could be related to seasonal use of compounds. 

 For streams, 13 pharmaceuticals and 11 antibiotics were 

detected at least 1 time. Detections included analytical results 

that were estimated or above the minimum reporting limits. 

Seventy-eight percent of all detections were analyzed in samples collected downstream from municipal-wastewater effluents. For streams receiving wastewater effluents, the pharmaceuticals caffeine and para-xanthine (a degradation product of 

caffeine) had the greatest concentrations, 4.75 μg/L (micrograms per liter) and 0.853 μg/L, respectively. Other pharmaceuticals and their respective maximum concentrations were carbamazepine (0.516 μg/L) and ibuprofen (0.277 μg/L). For 

streams receiving wastewater effluents, the antibiotic azithromycin had the greatest concentration (1.65 μg/L), followed by 

sulfamethoxazole (1.34 μg/L), ofloxacin (0.329 μg/L), and trimethoprim (0.256 μg/L). 

For streams receiving runoff from animal-feeding operations, the only pharmaceuticals detected were acetaminophen, 

caffeine, cotinine, diphenhydramine, and carbamazepine. The 

maximum concentration for pharmaceuticals was 0.053 μg/L. 

Three streams receiving runoff from animal-feeding operations 

had detections of one or more antibiotic compounds—oxytetracycline, sulfadimethoxine, sulfamethoxazole, and tylosin. The 

maximum concentration for antibiotics was 0.157 μg/L. The 

average number of compounds (pharmaceuticals and antibiotics) detected in sites downstream from animal-feeding operations was three. The average number of compounds detected 

downstream from municipal-wastewater effluents was 13. 

For wells used to supply livestock, four compounds were 

detected–two pharmaceuticals (cotinine and diphenhydramine) 

and two antibiotics (tylosin and sulfamethoxazole). There were 

five detections in all the well samples. The maximum concentration detected in well water was for cotinine, estimated to be 

0.024 μg/L. 

Seasonal occurrence of pharmaceutical and antibiotic 

compounds in stream water varied by compound and site type. 

At four stream sites, the same compounds were detected in all 

four seasonal samples. At other sites, pharmaceutical or antibiotic compounds were detected only one time in seasonal samples. Winter samples collected in streams receiving municipalwastewater effluent had the greatest number of compounds 

detected (21). 

Research analytical methods were used to determine concentrations for pharmaceuticals and antibiotics. To assist in 

evaluating the quality of the analyses, detailed information is 

presented on laboratory methodology and results from qualitycontrol samples. Quality-control data include results for nine 

blanks, nine duplicate environmental sample pairs, and three 

laboratory-spiked environmental samples as well as the recoveries of compounds in laboratory surrogates and laboratory 

reagent spikes.

Introduction

In 2005, over $133 billion worth of pharmaceutical and 

antibiotic compounds for human and animal needs were 

1

Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection, Bureau of Water 

Standards and Facility Regulation.
2 Concentrations of Selected Pharmaceuticals and Antibiotics in South-Central Pennsylvania, March Through September 2006

shipped by pharmaceutical manufacturers in the United States 

(U.S. Census Bureau, 2006). Most of these compounds or their 

metabolites are excreted or discarded into waste systems and 

eventually are released into the environment through point 

sources, such as wastewater-treatment plants, and nonpoint 

sources, such as on-site septic systems, sewage sludge, and animal manure.

Reconnaissance studies have measured pharmaceutical, 

antibiotic, and other compounds at low concentrations in surface waters across the United States and in Europe, particularly 

in waters receiving effluent from wastewater treatment plants 

(Kolpin and others, 2002; Sando and others, 2005; Buser and 

others, 1999; Fono and others, 2006). These compounds, 

termed “emerging contaminants,” include antibiotics, prescription and nonprescription drugs, animal and plant steroids, 

reproductive hormones, personal-care products, detergent 

metabolites, flame retardants, products of oil use and combustion, and other chemicals (Kolpin and others, 2002; Stackleberg 

and others, 2004; Colker and Day, 2006). Streams receiving 

agricultural, municipal, and industrial wastewaters appear to be 

the most affected (Kolpin and others, 2002). The occurrence 

and concentrations of the compounds reflect their physicochemical behavior (Halling-Sorensen and others, 1998). Some 

compounds are lipophilic (fat loving); they are able to pass 

through membranes and are persistent. Therefore, these chemicals “have many of the necessary properties to bioaccumulate 

and provoke effects in the aquatic or terrestrial ecosystems” 

(Halling-Sorensen and others, 1998). 

These emerging contaminants include endocrinologically 

active compounds termed “endocrine disruptors,” pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) or drug residuals, and, more 

recently, personal care products (PCPs). Pharmaceutically 

active compounds are consumed by humans or animals. These 

compounds, “after having an internal curing effect somewhere 

in the human body, ... will be excreted through urine or feces as 

a mixture of metabolites, as unchanged substances, or conjugated with an inactivating substituent ... ” (Rang and Dale, 

1991). “The fate of these substances may be divided into three 

principle possible fates; i) the substance is ultimately mineralized to carbon dioxide and water, ... ii) the substance is lipophilic and not readily degradable so part of the substance will be 

retained in the sludge, or iii) the substance is metabolized to a 

more hydrophilic form of the parent lipophilic substance but 

still persistent and therefore it will pass the wastewater treatment plant and end up in the receiving waters and therefore 

affect the aquatic organisms if the metabolites are biologically 

active” (Halling-Sorensen and others, 1998).

These compounds commonly are found in natural waters 

at low concentrations, suggesting minimal environmental 

impact. But aquatic organisms are subjected to chronic exposure and exposure to mixtures of compounds with potential 

additive effects. 

Many of these compounds are not removed by conventional drinking-water treatment such as slow sand, diatomaceous, or direct filtration technologies. Therefore, these chemicals may be present in the drinking water supplied to some 

communities. Some studies (Stackleberg and others, 2004; 

Loraine and Pettigrove, 2006) have demonstrated that a subset 

of these chemicals present in source waters survives drinkingwater processes and remains present in the finished water that is 

delivered to the customer. 

Further, many rural residents use ground water as their 

drinking-water source. Typically, these waters receive no treatment. But, ground water may be susceptible to emerging contaminants from on-lot sewage disposal, from agricultural land 

use, and from spray irrigation.

The environmental impacts of these commonly used 

chemicals are largely unknown. Research provides compelling 

evidence that endocrine systems of certain fish and wildlife 

have been affected by chemical contaminants, resulting in 

development and reproductive problems. For example, feminization of fish has been documented (Iguchi and others, 2001), 

and intersex fish have been found in the Potomac River Basin 

and elsewhere (Blazer and others, 2007; Hinck and others, 

2006; Woodling and others, 2006). A study by Goni-Urriza and 

others (2000) demonstrated that natural populations of bacteria 

are capable of developing resistance to antibiotics. Because of 

the potential for environmental disruption and perhaps human 

health effects, a better understanding of emerging contaminants 

and their fate is needed.

Need for the Study

Few studies have been done in Pennsylvania waters to document the occurrence and distribution of emerging-contaminant 

compounds. During 1999-2000, the U.S. Geological Survey 

(USGS) collected samples from five streams in south-central 

Pennsylvania that were analyzed for antibiotics, prescription 

drugs, nonprescription drugs, and other wastewater-related 

compounds. Results from these analyses were used as part of 

the data set for the first nationwide reconnaissance of emerging 

contaminants in streams (Kolpin and others, 2002). 

In 2005, a pilot study to evaluate the effects of on-site disposal of wastewater was conducted by the USGS in the Broad 

Run watershed of Chester County, Pa. (Senior and Cinotto, 

2007). The study included an evaluation of wastewater compounds in ground water and stream base flow. Thirty different 

wastewater compounds out of a suite of 62 compounds analyzed were detected at reporting levels ranging from less than 

0.5 μg/L to less than 5 μg/L. 

Senior and Cinotto (2007) also reported results from samples collected in 2000 and 2002 in wells in Chester County, Pa. 

Twelve wells were sampled during the study period, and samples were analyzed for a suite of compounds that included 

selected antibiotics, human drugs, hormones, and wastewater 

compounds. Several of the target compounds were detected at 

low concentrations. The 2002 samples were part of a national 

reconnaissance for contaminants in ground water (Barnes and 

others, 2005). 

Additional studies are needed to determine if emergingcontaminant compounds are present in streams and wells in 
Methods 3

Pennsylvania and to determine if there is a seasonal pattern of 

occurrence with specific compounds. In 2006, the USGS partnered with the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection (PADEP) to conduct a survey of pharmaceutical and 

antibiotic compounds in ground water and stream water of 

south-central Pennsylvania. The analytical results of this study 

are presented in this report. The study included three primary 

objectives: 1) use current (research) analytical methodology to 

screen for pharmaceutical and antibiotic compounds present in 

streams and ground waters of south-central Pennsylvania and 

determine their concentrations, 2) determine seasonal variations 

in pharmaceutical and antibiotic concentrations, and 3) suggest 

source(s) of the pharmaceutical and antibiotic compounds. The 

study did not include examination of biological communities to 

determine if the detected compounds were impacting the ecology. Further, no correlation with human-health data was proposed to examine relations between human health and the pharmaceutical and antibiotic compounds analyzed for the study.

The data from this study will expand the current database 

of emerging contaminants in stream and well water and will 

identify potential target locations for further research. 

Purpose of the Report 

This report presents the results of analyses without interpretation for pharmaceuticals, antibiotics, and general waterquality indicators from stream-water and well-water samples 

collected for the south-central Pennsylvania emerging-contaminant survey. Results are presented by site type, site, and season. 

Because analytical methods used for the pharmaceuticals and 

antibiotics currently (2007) are considered by the USGS as 

research methods, information on the analytical methods and 

the results of quality-control samples collected during the 

course of the study are presented and discussed in detail. 

Scope of the Report 

Samples were collected at each site in March/April, May, 

July, and September 2006. Samples were collected at 11 stream 

sites and 6 wells in 9 counties of south-central Pennsylvania 

(fig.1 and table 1). Five of the streams sampled received municipal-wastewater effluent and 6 of the streams sampled received 

runoff from agricultural areas dominated by animal-feeding 

operations. For these 11 streams, samples were collected at 

locations upstream and downstream from the wastewater effluents or animal-feeding operations. Data from an additional 

stream, Conoy Creek (sites 9 and 10 on figure 1), were originally in the project design as a stream receiving municipal 

wastewater, but it was learned during the project that this stream 

does not actually receive municipal wastewater. The six wells 

were in agricultural land-use settings.

The data reported for each site include measurements of 

field characteristics and analytical results for 15 pharmaceuticals and 31 antibiotics. Laboratory analyses were completed at 

the USGS National Water Quality Laboratory (NWQL) in Denver, Colo., and the Organic Geochemistry Research Laboratory 

(OGRL) in Lawrence, Kans. Analyses were completed on 

120 environmental samples and 21 quality-control samples 

(9 blanks, 9 duplicates, 3 laboratory-spiked environmental samples). Of the 120 environmental samples, 24 samples were collected from wells in agricultural areas used to supply water for 

livestock, and 96 samples were collected from stream-water 

locations (48 from stream-water locations adjacent to municipal-wastewater effluents and 48 from stream-water locations 

adjacent to animal-feeding operations). 

Methods

Methods used for site selection, streamflow measurements, field water-chemistry measurements, water-quality sampling and processing, laboratory analyses, and quality assurance 

and quality control are described in this section. Added detail is 

included for the method description used at the OGRL because 

there is no citable reference at this time. 

Site Selection and Sampling Locations

Three site types were sampled for this study: 1) streams 

receiving municipal-wastewater effluent, 2) streams receiving 

runoff from animal-feeding operations, and 3) wells in agricultural areas used to supply water for livestock. Sites selected for 

this study are summarized in figure 1 and table 1. 

PADEP and the USGS worked cooperatively to select 

sampling locations for streams receiving municipal wastewater. 

Early in the study, PADEP provided the USGS with locations 

of municipal-wastewater-treatment plants. The following siteselection criteria were established by the USGS: 

1. Streams had to receive wastewater effluent from one of 

the municipal-wastewater-plant locations provided by 

PADEP, 

2. Stream locations would be in the south-central 

Pennsylvania study area, 

3. Small streams were targeted so there would potentially be 

large impacts from the wastewater input, and 

4. Permission could be obtained to access the stream 

upstream and downstream of the wastewater-discharge 

pipe. 

Wastewater sites selected on Spring Creek, Middle Spring 

Creek, Mountain Creek, Killinger Creek, and Lititz Run met 

these criteria. A sixth stream, Conoy Creek, was originally in 

the project design as a stream receiving municipal wastewater, 

but it was learned during the project that effluent from the 

municipal treatment plant is piped to the Susquehanna River 

and not discharged to Conoy Creek. Therefore, for the purposes 

of presenting concentrations of compounds in streams receiving 

municipal wastewater, this site was not included. But, the data 
4 Concentrations of Selected Pharmaceuticals and Antibiotics in South-Central Pennsylvania, March Through September 2006

YORK

CENTRE

BERKS

BEDFORD

CLINTON LUZERNE CLEARFIELD

BLAIR

PERRY

LANCASTER

FRANKLIN

ADAMS

HUNTINGDON

SCHUYLKILL

DAUPHIN

FULTON

MIFFLIN

UNION

JUNIATA

COLUMBIA

SNYDER

CUMBERLAND

LEBANON

NORTHUMBERLAND

MONTOUR

7

8

9 6

5

4

3

2

1

30

29 28

27

26

25

24

23

12

22 11

21

20 10

19

18

17

16

15

14

13

0 4 20 0 MILES

0 4 20 0 KILOMETERS

4

30

EXPLANATION

STREAM-WATER SITE AND IDENTIFIER IN TABLE 1

WELL-WATER SITE AND IDENTIFIER IN TABLE 1

PENNSYLVANIA COUNTY BOUNDARY

78° 77° 76°

41°

40°

County boundary data: U.S. Geological Survey, 100,000 scale, 1980 Map projection: Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM), Zone 18, NAD 1983

PENNSYLVANIA

Figure 1. Locations of sampling sites for the study, south-central Pennsylvania. 
Table 1. Sampling sites for this study, including site types, U.S. Geological Survey station identification numbers and names, latitude and longitude, and [na, not applicable]

U.S. Geological 

Survey station 

identification 

number

01470857

Map 

identification 

number 

(fig. 1)1

1

Site or well name

Stream sites upstream and d

Spring Creek near Wernersville, Pa.

County Location

ownstream of municipal-wastewater effluents

Berks Upstream

Latitude

40° 20’ 58"

Longitude

076° 05’ 03"

01470858 2 Spring Creek near Brownsville, Pa. Berks Downstream 40° 21’ 09" 076° 05’ 03" 

015693155 3 Middle Spring Creek at College at Shippensburg, Pa. Cumberland/Franklin Upstream 40° 03’ 23" 077° 31’ 43" 

015693158 4 Middle Spring Creek above Burd Run below Shippensburg, Pa. Cumberland/Franklin Downstream 40° 03’ 42" 077° 31’ 58" 01571193 5 Mountain Creek at Mill Street at Mt. Holly Springs, Pa. Cumberland Upstream 40° 07’ 16" 077° 11’ 21" 

01571195 6 Mountain Creek at Mt. Zion at Mt. Holly Springs, Pa. Cumberland Downstream 40° 07’ 54" 077° 11’ 06" 

01573151 7 Killinger Creek Upstream of Treatment Plant near Annville, Pa. Lebanon Upstream 40° 19’ 27" 076° 33’ 22" 01573153 8 Killinger Creek Downstream of Treatment Plant near Annville, Pa. Lebanon Downstream 40° 19’ 31" 076° 33’ 19" 

01576420 11 Lititz Run at Lititz, Pa. Lancaster Upstream 40° 09’ 12" 076° 17’ 10" 

0157642201569346

1213

Lititz Run at Rothsville, Pa. Lancaster Downstream

Stream sites upstream and downstream of animal-feeding operations

Three Square Hollow Run above Turnpike near Newburg, Pa. Cumberland Upstream

40° 08’ 51"

40° 11’ 46"

076° 16’ 13"

077° 32’ 50"

01569349 14 Three Square Hollow Run below Turnpike near Newburg, Pa. Cumberland Downstream 40° 09’ 55" 077° 30’ 53" 

01572146 15 Trout Run near Ft. Indiantown Gap, Pa. Lebanon Upstream 40° 28’ 03" 076° 35’ 24" 

01572148 16 Trout Run at Scout Camp near Green Point, Pa. Lebanon Downstream 40° 28’ 30" 076° 34’ 22" 

401704076293101 17 Bachman Run at Fontana, Pa. Lebanon Upstream 40° 17’ 04" 076° 29’ 31" 

01573095 18 Bachman Run at Annville, Pa. Lebanon Downstream 40° 18’ 58" 076° 30’ 58" 

01574050 19 Snitz Creek near Falmouth, Pa. Lancaster Upstream 40° 08’ 02" 076° 39’ 17" 

01574055 20 Snitz Creek near Bainbridge, Pa. Lancaster Downstream 40° 07’ 28" 076° 39’ 52" 

01575771 21 Little Chickies Creek at Camp Road near Mastersonville, Pa. Lancaster Upstream 40° 13’ 12" 076° 27’ 56" 

015757724 22 Little Chickies Creek at Elizabethtown Road near Milton Grove, Pa. Lancaster Downstream 40° 11’ 07" 076° 30’ 58" 

01578349 23 Muddy Run at Cochranville near Parkesburg, Pa. Chester Upstream 39° 52’ 36" 075° 55’ 50" 

015783492 24 Muddy Run at Glennville near Parkes

Wells in 

burg, Pa.

agricultural areas used to 

Chester Downstream

supply water for livestock

Livestock 

39° 52’ 39" 075° 57’ 14" 

394643077043101 25 AD 653

supplied

Adams Horses 39° 46’ 45" 077° 04’ 31" 

400610076282501 26 LN 2114 Lancaster Chickens 40° 06’ 09" 076° 28’ 25" 

401712076235101 27 LB 1248 Lebanon Dairy cows 40° 17’ 12" 076° 23’ 51" 

401920078130101 28 HU 426 Huntingdon Dairy cows 40° 19’ 19" 078° 13’ 00" 

402052076160101 29 LB 1249 Lebanon Swine 40° 20’ 52" 076° 16’ 01" 

405931076555601 30 UN 205 Union

1A sixth stream, Conoy Creek, was originally in the project design as a stream receiving municipal wastewater, but it 

fluent from the municipal treatment plant is piped to the Susquehanna River and is not discharged to Conoy Creek. Mapidentification number 01574310, Conoy Creek near Elizabethtown, Pa.) and “10” (downstream, station identification nu

Dairy cows 40° 59’ 31" 076° 55’ 55" 

was learned that this stream does not actually receive mu

 identification numbers for Conoy Creek sampling locati

mber 01574314, Conoy Creek near Stacktown, Pa.)
6 Concentrations of Selected Pharmaceuticals and Antibiotics in South-Central Pennsylvania, March Through September 2006

from samples collected at the upstream and downstream sites at 

Conoy Creek are included in the report and discussed as a background site.

The Killinger Creek sites met the site-selection criteria, but 

following the sampling period, it was learned that the wastewater plant on Killinger Creek was, at times, cleaned before or during sample collection. Upon further discussions with staff from 

the plant, the cleaning process takes place weekly on the same 

day, and three of the four samples at the downstream location 

(May, July, and September samples) were collected on the day 

of cleaning. Concentrations of compounds reported for this site 

may, therefore, reflect atypical concentrations of pharmaceuticals and antibiotics.

For the streams selected in agricultural areas, the USGS 

worked in cooperation with County Conservation District personnel to determine the locations of animal-feeding operations 

that had streams in near proximity. The following site-selection 

criteria were established by the USGS:

1. Streams had to have inputs from agricultural areas 

dominated by animal-feeding operations, 

2. Stream locations would be in the south-central 

Pennsylvania study area, 

3. Small streams were targeted, and 

4. Permission could be obtained to access the stream 

upstream and downstream of animal-feeding operations. 

For the well-water sampling, wells were selected in agricultural areas. The following well-selection criteria were established by the USGS: 

Wells would be 

1. Located in the south-central Pennsylvania study area, 

2. Currently used to supply water for livestock on a farm, 

3. Used on a daily basis, 

4. Representative of the aquifer, 

5. Shallow [less than or equal to 300 ft] total depth, 

6. Completed in a limestone aquifer, and 

7. Of known completion with written records on file with 

the homeowner or Pennsylvania Geological Survey that 

would provide confirmation of the well depth and 

aquifer lithology (appendix1). 

There also would need to be a raw (untreated) water sampling 

point where water-treatment systems could be by-passed during 

well sampling. 

Streamflow Measurement

Streamflow measurements using a Sontek Flowtracker 

were made concurrently with the collection of water-quality 

samples. Computation of area (using stream width and depth) 

and procedures for making streamflow measurements followed 

documented USGS procedures (Rantz and others, 1982). 

Field Water Chemistry 

Field measurements of pH, specific conductance, 

dissolved oxygen, dissolved-oxygen saturation, and water 

temperature were made with a calibrated multi-parameter 

water-quality meter manufactured by the YSI Corporation. 

Calibration followed procedures documented by USGS 

(variously dated). Field measurements with equipment types 

and accuracies are shown in table 2. Stream depth was 

estimated to 0.10 ft using a standard USGS Hydrologic 

Instrumentation Facility (HIF) wading rod. 

Water-chemistry readings and stream depth were 

measured to determine if the stream was well-mixed from bank 

to bank and if there was variability in the cross section due to 

depth. Water-chemistry readings in the stream cross section 

were made at 1-ft or 2-ft horizontal intervals (depending on 

stream width), at quarter-points of the stream width, and in the 

vertical at six-tenths of the depth of the stream. Stream depth 

was measured at each vertical prior to water-chemistry 

readings. Barometric pressure was recorded at the majority of 

sites using a Thommen field barometer; the field barometer also 

was used to check the internal barometer of the YSI 

multiparameter meter during calibration of dissolved oxygen. 

Water-Quality Sampling and Processing

Water-quality sampling and processing for stream and 

well-water samples are described in this section. Procedures 

used for packing and shipping samples also are included.

Stream Water 

 Stream-water sampling equipment was cleaned thoroughly prior to sample collection, following the USGS protocols for organic-compound sampling (Wilde, 2004), including 

a caveat in Wilde and others (update 5.6.1.F) (2004) that identifies the need to use non-antibacterial detergents because of the 

analyses for antibiotic compounds. Special considerations 

related to personal safety and sample contamination specific to 

working in streams receiving potentially hazardous compounds 

from municipal-wastewater plants or animal-feeding operations 

also were followed (Wilde and others [update 5.6.1.F], 2004). 

Streams were sampled at low flow or during a falling stage after 

a rainfall event.

 Water-quality samples for laboratory determination of 

pharmaceuticals and antibiotics were collected with a DH-81 

hand-held sampler fitted with a Teflon nozzle holder, Teflon 

nozzle, and 1-L (liter) Teflon bottle. Typically, three separate 

1-L samples were collected, each sample containing stream 

water collected at three depth-integrated verticals located at 

25 percent, 50 percent, and 75 percent of the stream width. Each 

1-L sample was sequentially poured into a single pre-cleaned 

and stream-rinsed 3-L Teflon bottle for the final composited 

sample. All locations of the verticals were noted on the field 
Methods 7

data sheets. All samples were immediately placed on ice until 

they were returned to the laboratory for processing.

Sample-processing and shipping protocols developed for 

pharmaceutical and antibiotic compounds were followed 

(Wilde and others [update 5.6.1.F], 2004). During this step, special care was taken not to contaminate samples through laboratory-processor inputs or laboratory-area inputs. The 3-L Teflon 

bottle containing the stream sample was first shaken to mix the 

water prior to filtration. A fluid-metering pump, fitted with a 

Teflon head and hoses, was used to draw the sample from the 

3-L bottle to a pre-cleaned aluminum filter support (Geotech 

brand) with a baked, glass microfiber filter (147-mm diameter, 

0.7 μm (micrometer) pore size). The sample was then filtered 

into two 1-L amber, cleaned-and-burned (baked at 450°C to 

burn off all residual organic compounds) glass bottles for pharmaceutical analyses (one bottle was held as an archive sample) 

and three 125-mL (milliliter) cleaned-and-burned glass bottles 

for antibiotic analyses. All bottles were wiped with clean, disposable isopropyl alcohol (70 percent) pads, inserted into foam 

sleeves, and immediately placed in the refrigerator at 4°C or 

packed for shipment to the USGS NWQL or OGRL. All samples were double bagged and were shipped on ice within 2 days 

of collection via overnight delivery to the analytical laboratories. Lab benches were cleaned after sample filtration with a 

non-antibacterial soap solution and isopropyl alcohol.

Well Water

Well-water sampling equipment was cleaned thoroughly 

prior to sample collection, following the USGS protocols for 

organic-compound sampling (Wilde, 2004), including a caveat 

in Wilde and others (update 5.6.1.F) (2004) that identifies the 

need to use non-antibacterial detergents because of the analyses 

for antibiotic compounds. Collection of well-water samples followed protocols documented by Wilde and others (1999) with 

three modifications; modifications to the protocols included the 

use of brass fittings instead of Teflon to connect to water 

sources and did not include the use of a flow manifold or processing chamber. 

 At all wells sampled, submersible pumps provided sample 

water to a tap either at the base of the pressure tank or at an outside faucet. As the well was purged, pH, specific conductance, 

dissolved oxygen, and water temperature were monitored using 

a calibrated YSI 556 multiparameter meter. When readings 

became stable (variation between five or more 5-minute 

sequential field-measurement values: ± 0.05 units for pH; 

± 0.2°C for water temperature; ± 0.3 mg/L for dissolved oxygen; and ± 3 percent for specific conductivities greater than 

100 μS/cm), the well-water samples were collected. 

All well-water samples were processed at the sampling 

site. A pre-cleaned Savillex Teflon in-line filter-unit holder 

with a baked, glass microfiber filter (47-mm diameter, 0.7μm 

pore-size) was used to filter the sample directly from the tap or 

faucet into two clean 1-L amber glass bottles that were cleaned 

and baked at 450°C to burn off all residual organic compounds 

for pharmaceutical analyses. The second bottle was held as an 

archive sample. Three 125-mL cleaned-and-burned glass bottles were used to collect filtered water for antibiotic analyses. 

All bottles were wiped with clean, disposable isopropyl alcohol 

(70 percent) pads, inserted into foam sleeves, and immediately 

placed on ice until they were returned to the laboratory where 

they were either placed in the refrigerator at 4°C or packed for 

shipment to the USGS NWQL or OGRL. All samples were double bagged and were shipped on ice within 2 days of collection 

via overnight delivery to the analytical laboratories. 

Laboratory Analyses

Pharmaceutical compounds were analyzed by the USGS 

NWQL in Denver, Colo. The research analytical method used a 

solid-phase extraction followed by high performance liquid 

phase chromatography/mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS), using a 

polar reverse-phase octylsilane (C8) HPLC column following 

the procedure described in Cahill and others (2004). The comTable 2. Field measurements, units, accuracies, and equipment types used for this study.

[NWIS, National Water Information System; ft3/s, cubic feet per second; °C, degrees Celsius; YSI, Yellow Springs Instrument; μS/cm, microsiemens 

meter at 25°C; mm, millimeters; mg/L, milligrams per liter]

per centiMeasurements NWIS

code

Reporting

units

Reporting 

accuracy Equipment/sensor type

Stream discharge 00061 ft3/s ± 0.003 ft3/s Sontek Flowtracker

Temperature 00010 °C ± 0.15°C YSI Precision Thermister

pH 00400 standard units ± 0.2 Glass combination electrode, YSI

Specific conductance 00095 μS/cm at 25°C ± 0.5% of the reading or 

± 1 μS/cm; whichever is greater

4-electrode cell with auto-ranging, YSI

Dissolved oxygen 00300 mg/L ± 2% of the reading or 

0.2 mg/L; whichever is greater

Steady state polarographic, YSI

Barometric pressure 00025 mm mercury ± 0.75 to 1.5 mm mercury Thommen Classic Altimeter Plus 

Barometer
8 Concentrations of Selected Pharmaceuticals and Antibiotics in South-Central Pennsylvania, March Through September 2006

pounds analyzed at the USGS NWQL and their minimum 

reporting levels (MRLs) and method detection limits (MDLs) 

are listed in table 3. The MRL is the smallest measured concentration of a substance that can be reliably measured using a 

given analytical method. The MDL is the minimum concentration of a substance that can be measured and reported with 

99 percent confidence that the analyte concentration is greater 

than zero. The USGS NWQL has established a data reporting 

convention described in Childress and others (1999). A qualifying remark code (‘E’ = estimated) is used for semi-quantitative 

analytical results to denote less certainty in quantification than 

the majority of the analyses. E-coding is used in the USGS 

National Water Information System to denote these semi-quantitative results. For the purposes of this report, data are coded 

E(1)-E(4) to denote the reason for qualification. This convention will be noted in the data tables and the discussion of concentration of selected pharmaceuticals and antibiotics. Reported 

analytical concentrations are coded as follows:

• E(1) if concentration is below the long-term MDL 

(for information-rich methods only); 

• E(2) if the concentration is greater than or equal to the 

long-term MDL but less than the MRL 

(lowest calibration standard is less than the MRL); 

• E(3) if the median long-term recovery of the compound 

is between 30 and 60 percent or the relative standard 

deviation of long-term recoveries was greater than 

25 percent, 

• E(4) if data are reported above the MRL, but there was 

a failure in some aspect of lab quality control 

(for example, the laboratory-spike or surrogate recoveries were low and the sample could not be re-analyzed). 

In this report, a compound is reported as a “detection” for 

any E-coded value as well as values reported without qualification above the MRL. No estimated values were reported for 

samples from the OGRL; all detections quantified were above 

the MRLs.

Antibiotics and selected pharmaceuticals were analyzed at 

the USGS OGRL in Lawrence, Kans., using a research method 

modified after an online solid phase extraction (SPE) method 

from Meyer and others (2007). Water samples were analyzed 

for antibiotics using online SPE and liquid phase chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) with electrospray 

ionization (ESI) using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). 

This technique allowed quantitation of chloramphenicol, lincomycin, ormetoprim, trimethoprim, five macrolides, six sulfonamides, six quinolines, four tetracycline antibiotics, six antibiotic degradation products, and two pharmaceuticals—

carbamazepine and ibuprofen. Samples were analyzed in positive-ion mode except for chloramphenicol and ibuprofen, which 

were analyzed in negative-ion mode. Samples were extracted 

using the HLB Prospekt cartridges (Waters Corp., Milford, 

Mass.). Demeclocycline, nalidixic acid, oleandomycin, and 

13C6-Sulfamethazine were used as surrogate standards; clinafloxacin, 13C2-erythromycin, 13C2-erythromycin-H2O, meclocycline, simatone, and 13C6-sulfomethoxazole were used as 

internal standards. The detected compounds were quantitated 

using the ratio of the area of the quantifying ion of the analyte 

to the area of the quantifying ion of the internal standard. 

The compounds analyzed at the USGS OGRL and their 

MRLs are listed in table 4. The MRLs were determined 

by assessing the signal-to-noise ratio in 0.002, 0.005, and 

0.010 μg/L laboratory reagent spiked (LRS) samples. A minimum signal-to-noise ratio of five was used to establish the 

reporting levels. The MRLs ranged from 0.005 to 0.010 μg/L 

for all the compounds analyzed except for ibuprofen, sulfadiazine, chloramphenicol, and sulfathiazole; the MRL for these 

compounds was 0.050 μg/L; the MRL for sulfathiozole was 

0.020 μg/L. MDLs for the compounds analyzed at the OGRL 

will be established when the analytical method is finalized; 

however, no results will be reported below the MRLs. 

A method of standard addition (Harris, 2003) is also used 

by chemists at the OGRL if recoveries of compounds in internal 

quality-control samples (surrogates and laboratory-spiked 

environmental samples) are less than or greater than 35 percent 

of the expected concentration, providing those analytes were 

detected in the samples. Standard addition corrects for matrix 

effects and results in a more accurate quantitation of individual 

analytes. All wastewater influents and effluents are 

automatically analyzed using standard addition.

 In standard addition, an unspiked-environmental and 

spiked-environmental sample aliquot are prepared and 

analyzed. The following equation was used to calculate analyte 

concentrations by standard addition:

C = (Rus / (Rsp – Rus)) Csp (1)

where

C is concentration of the analyte in the unspiked 

sample,

Rus is the ratio of area of the quantitation-ion of the analyte to the area of the quantitation-ion of the internal standard in the unspiked sample,

Rsp is the ratio of area of the quantitation-ion of the 

analyte to the area of the quantitation-ion of the 

internal standard in the spiked sample, 

and

Csp is the concentration of the analytes in the spiked 

sample due to the spike.

Quality Assurance and Quality Control 

 Quality-assurance procedures that provide controls to 

immeasurable components of a study that substantially improve 

the quality of the results (U.S. Geological Survey, variously 

dated) were followed in the field and Pennsylvania Water Science Center (PA WSC) laboratory. A sampling schedule was 

also developed to meet study goals for collection of samples 

during targeted seasonal periods. Once established, the sam-
Methods 9

Table 3. List of target pharmaceutical and antibiotic compounds analyzed at the U.S. Geological Survey National 

Water Quality Laboratory in Denver, Colorado.

[Italicized compounds were also analyzed at the USGS Organic Geochemistry Research Laboratory in Lawrence, Kans., using on-line solid 

phase extraction (SPE) and liquid phase chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) with electrospray ionization using multiple 

reaction monitoring; NWIS, National Water Information System; footnotes generally cite references for medicinal use; --, not available]

Compound 

NWIS 

parameter

code

 Medicinal use

Minimum

reporting

level, 

in 

micrograms 

per liter

Method 

detection 

limit, 

in 

micrograms 

per liter

Human and veterinary drugs

Nonprescription pharmaceuticals

Acetaminophen 

Caffeine

2,3,4 Para-xanthine

Codeine

Cotinine

Diphenhydramine

62000

50305

62030

62003

62005

62796

1 Analgesic

Stimulant1

5 Degradation product of caffeine

1 Analgesic

1 Nicotine metabolite

 Antihistamine, antiemetic (anti- 6 nausea), sleep aid, sedative

0.024

.015

.021

.022

.028

.023

0.012

.008

.010

.011

.014

.012

Prescription pharmaceuticals 

Carbamazepine

Dehydronifedipine

7 Diltiazem

Fluoxetine

Ranitidine

Salbutamol

Thiabendazole 

Warfarin 

62793 

62004

62008

 62011

 62019 

 62020

62801

62024

Anticonvulsant and antimanic agent6

1 Antianginal metabolite

1 Antihypertensive

Antidepressant1

Antacid1

1 Antiasthmatic

3,8 Anthelmintics

(used to treat worm infections)

Anticoagulant1

.018

.022

.018

.016

.025

.014

.025

.019

.009

.011

.009

--

--

.007

.012

.009

Antibiotics

Sulfamethoxazole 

Trimethoprim 

62021

62023

1 Antibiotic

1 Antibiotic

.024

.020

.012

.010

1

U.S. Geological Survey, 2006. 

2Degradation product. 

3

Edward Furlong, U.S. Geological Survey, written commun., 2007.

4

Para-xanthine also known as 1,7 dimethylxanthine. 

5Long, 1995-2005. 

6

Couper and Logan, 2004.

7 Routinely reported as an estimated concentration, indicated by an “E” qualifier.

8

Micromedex, Inc., 2006.
10 Concentrations of Selected Pharmaceuticals and Antibiotics in South-Central Pennsylvania, March Through September 2006

Table 4. List of target antibiotic and pharmaceutical compounds analyzed at the U.S 

Geological Survey Organic Geochemistry Research Laboratory in Lawrence, Kansas.

[Italicized compounds were also analyzed at the USGS National Water Quality Laboratory in Denver, 

Colo., using high performance liquid phase chromatography/mass spectrometry methodology (HPLC-MS); 

NWIS, National Water Information System]

Compound

NWIS 

parameter 

codes

Minimum

reporting

level, 

in 

micrograms 

per liter

Macrolide antibiotics

Azithromycin

Erythromycin

Erythromycin-H2O (anhydro-erythromycin)1

Roxithromycin

Tylosin

Virginiamycin 

62792

62797

63674

62895

62896

62897

0.005

.008

.008

.005

.005

.005

Quinoline antibiotics 

Ciprofloxacin 

Enrofloxacin

Lomefloxacin

Norfloxacin

Ofloxacin

Sarafloxacin

62898

(code not yet established)

 62900

62757

62899

 62771

.005

.005 

.005

.005

.005

.005

Sulfonamide antibiotics

Sulfachloropyridazine

Sulfadiazine

Sulfadimethoxine

Sulfamethazine

Sulfamethoxazole

Sulfathiazole

 62774

 62963

 62776

 61762

62775

62778

.005

.050

.005

.005

.005

.020

Tetracycline antibiotics and degradation products

Chlorotetracycline

Epi-chlorotetracycline (4-EC-tetracycline HCl)1

Epi-iso-chlorotetracycline (Iso-epi-chlorotetracycline)1

1 Iso-chlorotetracycline

Doxycycline 

Oxytetracycline 

Epi-oxytetracycline (4-Epi-oxytetracycline) 1

Tetracycline

Epi-tetracycline (4-Epi-tetracycline HCl)1

61744

63731

64047

64175

62694

61759

63729

62781

63727

.010

.010

.010

.010

.010

.010

.010

.010

.010

Other antibiotics

Chloramphenicol

Lincomycin

Ormetoprim

Trimethoprim 

65194

 62894

 62962

62023

.050

.005

.005

.005

Pharmaceuticals

Carbamazepine

Ibuprofen

62793

62014

.005

.050

1

Degradation product. 
Methods 11

pling schedule needed few adjustments and was key to completing all the work needed to accomplish the study objectives.

The USGS NWQL’s quality-assurance process is documented in a Quality Management System (QMS) report by Maloney (2005). This QMS report is the framework for planning, 

implementing, and assessing work performed by the NWQL 

and for carrying out required quality assurance and quality control for compliance with the standards set by the National Environmental Laboratory Accreditation Conference. All personnel 

associated with the NWQL are obligated to meet the requirements described in the policies, processes, and standard operating procedures (SOPs) included or referenced in this document.

Quality Control on Field Measurements

Prior to each sampling season, thermistors for field instruments were checked against an NIST-certified thermometer. 

Multiparameter meters used for field-chemistry readings were 

calibrated on the day of sampling using certified standards and 

buffers. A sodium sulfite/cobalt chloride zero dissolved-oxygen 

solution was prepared daily and was used to check the accuracy 

of the dissolved-oxygen reading near 0.0 mg/L dissolved oxygen. Any meter that showed a reading of greater than 0.3 mg/L 

oxygen in a zero dissolved-oxygen solution was not used until 

the membrane and electrode-filling solution could be changed. 

Barometric-pressure readings were cross-checked with a second barometer during dissolved-oxygen calibration to insure no 

change in calibration of the internal barometer had occurred.

Field meter log books, which accompanied the field meters 

at all times, were prepared to record calibration, performance, 

and service information as well as track the performance of each 

instrument over the course of the study. All field-meter calibration information was copied on the site field-data sheet to insure 

the accuracy of the field-meter readings in case the log book 

would become lost or damaged.

Quality Control on Water-Quality Samples

Quality-control samples are those samples that are planned 

to provide data that can be used to estimate the magnitude of the 

bias or variability in the processes used to obtain the environmental data. Pharmaceutical and antibiotic quality-control samples submitted included blanks, duplicates, and laboratory 

spikes (into environmental water). A summary of all qualitycontrol samples submitted for this study is presented in table 5.

Blanks

 For this study, equipment blanks and field blanks were 

collected and analyzed to determine if there was any bias due to 

contamination in any of the processing steps (equipment, field, 

transport, and laboratory). Blanks made up 6.4 percent of all 

pharmaceutical and antibiotic samples submitted for analyses. 

To evaluate the cleaning processes used on both stream-water 

equipment and well-water equipment, three equipment blanks 

were collected in the PA WSC laboratory by pouring certified 

organic-free water through field equipment and processing the 

collected sample through the filter apparatuses used for environmental samples. In addition to equipment blanks, six field 

blanks were collected to evaluate contamination that might be 

introduced at the site. Three of the field blanks were collected 

at stream-water locations, and three were collected at wellwater locations. 

Duplicates

 Four stream-water and four well-water field sequential 

duplicates (table 5) were collected and processed immediately 

following each associated primary environmental sample using 

identical procedures; sequential duplicates measure variability 

introduced during collection, processing, analytical methodology, and also reflect temporal changes in environmental conditions. In addition, one stream-water split duplicate (collected at 

station 015693158 on May 10, 2006) was submitted to the 

OGRL. A split duplicate is a single sample that is subdivided 

into two other samples; split duplicates give a measure of variability (reproducibility) in analytical values produced by sample processing and analytical methodology. Duplicates made up 

6.4 percent of all samples submitted for analyses For these 

duplicates, a relative percent difference (RPD) was calculated 

between the two samples when both values had either estimated 

concentrations or concentrations above the MRL according to 

the following equation:

RPD = (d/s) X 100, (2)

where

d is the difference in concentration between the primary environmental sample and the duplicate 

sample, 

and 

s is the mean of the concentrations of the primary environmental sample and the duplicate sample.

Laboratory-Spiked Environmental Samples

A laboratory-spiked environmental sample was prepared 

by adding a standard spike solution to a split of the environmental sample water to assess the recovery efficiencies and matrix 

effects of the analytical methods. Over the course of the study, 

one stream-water quality-control sample was spiked with 

known concentrations of pharmaceuticals and antibiotics at the 

NWQL, and two stream-water quality-control samples were 

spiked with known concentrations of antibiotics and pharmaceuticals at the OGRL. For the laboratory-spiked environmental 

sample collected at station 015693158 on May 10, 2006, an 

environmental sample was collected and split in the PA WSC 

laboratory using a Teflon, decaport cone splitter to create two 

identical samples. One sample was submitted as an environmental sample, and the second was sent to be spiked at the 

NWQL and analyzed in the same batch as the environmental 

sample. The laboratory-spiked samples for this study collected 
12 Concentrations of Selected Pharmaceuticals and Antibiotics in South-Central Pennsylvania, March Through September 2006

at Snitz Creek on March 16 and May 1, 2006, were both split 

and spiked at the OGRL.

Laboratory Quality Control 

The NWQL uses four types of quality-control samples for 

antibiotic and pharmaceutical analyses–two for instrument 

quality control and two for process quality control. Instrument 

quality-control samples are either continuing-calibration samples (which ensure the acceptable calibration performance during analysis) or continuing-calibration blanks (which are used 

to monitor cross-contamination between injections). Eight standards, ranging in concentration from 0.005 to 1.0 μg/L, and a 

reagent blank are used in instrument calibration. Acceptance 

criterion for calibration is an R-squared fit value of 0.995 or better for the standard curve of each compound, although fits of 

0.998 and better are typical. The process quality-control samples are laboratory reagent blanks (LRB) and laboratory reagent 

spikes (LRS). LRBs are used to monitor for inadvertent contamination during the extraction and analysis process. A LRS is 

made by adding a known volume of a spike solution, with 

known concentrations of compounds, to a known volume of 

organic-free grade water. LRSs are used to monitor method performance in the absence of a sample matrix; they also are used 

in aggregate to monitor long-term method performance with 

multiple operators and multiple instruments. Process qualitycontrol samples are put in the batch run every 10 samples. All 

these types of quality-control samples, therefore, collectively 

monitor for contamination and method performance throughout 

the laboratory process. 

 For the analytical work done at the NWQL, carbamazepine-d10 and ethyl nicotinate-d4 were also added to each 

sample as surrogate spikes to evaluate the effect of bias and 

variability of recoveries in the environmental-sample matrix. 

Surrogates are similar in physical and chemical properties to the 

analytes of interest but usually are not found in environmental 

samples. These surrogates are used because they behave similarly in the analytical process to at least some of the analytes of 

interest but do not interfere with any analytes. Surrogates are 

added to all environmental and quality-control samples to monitor water-matrix effects and gross sample-processing errors. 

Samples reporting low surrogate recoveries usually indicate 

problematic sample matrices but may also indicate gross processing errors. Recovery of surrogates in the sample matrix 

should be reviewed in relation to recovery of surrogates in LRSs 

to evaluate possible matrix effects on recovery in environmental samples. 

Table 5. Summary of quality-control samples analyzed at the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory (NWQL) and 

Organic Geochemistry Research Laboratory (OGRL).

U.S. Geological Survey Time Type of quality-control Station name station identification Date (first time listed –NWQL sample; sample number second time listed – OGRL sample)

Equipment blanks Lemoyne Station 401435076540910 2/24/06 1430, 1431

Lemoyne Station 401435076540910 2/24/06 1445, 1446

Lemoyne Station 401435076540910 5/02/06 1530, 1531

Field blanks Spring Creek 01470857 5/08/06 1130, 1131

Middle Spring Creek 015693158 9/19/06 1120, 1121

Trout Run 01572146 7/31/06 0945, 0946

AD 653 394643077043101 3/09/06 1130, 1131

LN 2114 400610076282501 7/13/06 0940, 0945

LB 1248 401712076235101 9/20/06 1245, 1246

Duplicate samples Spring Creek 01470858 9/18/06 1125, 1126

Middle Spring Creek 015693158 5/10/06 1036 (OGRL schedule only)

Middle Spring Creek 015693158 7/06/06 1030, 1035

Killinger Creek 01573153 3/07/06 1235, 1236

Conoy Creek 01574314 5/01/06 1037, 1038

AD 653 394643077043101 5/04/06 1112, 1113

LN 2114 400610076282501 5/15/06 1317, 1318

LN 2114 400610076282501 9/07/06 1105, 1106

UN 205 405931076555601 7/11/06 1200, 1205

 Laboratory-spiked environ- Middle Spring Creek 015693158 5/10/06 1035 (NWQL schedule only)

mental samples Snitz Creek 01574050 3/16/06 1032 (OGRL schedule only)

Snitz Creek 01574055 5/01/06 1247 (OGRL schedule only)
Results for Quality-Control Samples 13

 At the OGRL, nine standard curve solutions (ranging in 

concentration from 0.002 to 1.0 μg/L), LRBs, and LRSs are prepared in Na2PO4 (pH 7) buffered, laboratory-grade water. 

Acceptance criterion for calibration is an R-squared fit value of 

0.99 or better. Every analytical sample run has a duplicate sample, a 0.2 μg/L laboratory-spiked environmental sample, and a 

LRB after every tenth environmental sample and a LRS after 

every twentieth environmental sample. Two LRBs are also 

interspersed between the environmental samples. All standard 

solutions, blanks, and laboratory-spiked environmental samples 

are treated the same as the environmental water samples.

Results for Quality-Control Samples

Results for blanks, duplicates, laboratory-spiked environmental samples, and laboratory quality-control samples are discussed in the following section. Because there was only one 

detection in a blank sample, a table showing results of all blank 

data is not included in this report. Primary environmental and 

duplicate paired data are shown in table 6 (at the end of the 

report). 

Blanks

Only one antibiotic, tylosin, was measured above the MRL 

(< 0.005 μg/L) at 0.006 μg/L in an equipment blank. It was 

unclear if the contamination was due to the equipment or introduced during the analysis (OGRL statistics show 15 percent of 

all the LRBs had detections of tylosin, and the average concentration of these detections was 0.007 μg/L). There were no other 

detections in the remaining equipment or field blanks. This indicates that sampling procedures, sample equipment and containers, cleaning procedures, and analytical processes were not contributing contamination to the samples collected for the study. 

Duplicates

Of the four ground-water duplicate-sample pairs, none had 

detections of any pharmaceuticals or antibiotics; therefore, no 

RPDs could be calculated or are shown on table 7. At streamwater sites, RPDs of individual compounds in five duplicate 

sample pairs were generally less than or equal to 30 percent 

between each of the samples with the exception of diphenhydramine (36 and 39 percent), diltiazem (40 percent), azithromycin (140 percent), ofloxacin (88 percent), and sulfamethoxazole 

(84 and 35 percent). An explanation of the high RPDs by compound is as follows: diphenhydramine (both results in the pair 

had low concentrations; NWQL surrogate recovery data indicated matrix effects for both samples, and long-term mean 

recovery was 60 percent); diltiazem (both results in the pair had 

low concentrations; NWQL surrogate recovery data indicated 

matrix effects), azithromycin (standard deviation of percent 

recoveries in laboratory-reagent spikes was 93 percent), ofloxacin (both results in the pair had low concentrations), and sulfamethoxazole (long-term mean recovery in laboratory-reagent 

spikes was 122 percent with associated standard deviation of 

percent recoveries equal to 28 percent). 

Combining results for all sequential and split duplicate 

pairs, RPDs were first calculated for 52 pairs of compounds (all 

from stream-water sites) having measurable detections in both 

samples (table 7). Median RPDs were then calculated for individual pharmaceutical compounds. Median RPDs ranged from 

2.3 percent for carbamazepine (NWQL) to 37.5 percent for 

diphenydramine. Using the same procedure, median RPDs for 

antibiotics (if only one RPD was available for a compound analyzed, that result was used as a median) ranged from 5 percent 

for sulfamethoxazole (NWQL) to 33 percent for tylosin. Using 

all individually calculated RPDs, the overall median RPD for all 

samples and all compounds was 16 percent. An overall median 

RPD of 16 percent is very acceptable considering the generally 

low concentrations of data that push the quantification capabilities of the instrumentation and the added time-component variability that is inherent in evaluating sequential-duplicate results 

(Edward Furlong, U.S. Geological Survey, oral commun., 

2007).

Laboratory-Spiked Environmental Samples

Table 8 shows calculated recoveries of pharmaceuticals 

and antibiotics from the sample collected at Middle Spring 

Creek above Burd Run below Shippensburg, Pa., on May 10, 

2006, that was spiked and analyzed at the NWQL. For the spike, 

0.1 mL of 2,500 ng/mL (nanograms per milliliter) spike solution was added to one of the two split samples. If the sample 

volume is exactly 1.0 L, the final concentration would be 

0.25 μg/L. Because the volume varies slightly, adjustments for 

the actual volume are made during instrumental analysis, and 

the recoveries are calculated using the exact expected concentration. For example, for the purposes of the percent-recovery 

calculation, the spike concentration in the sample (‘calculated 

concentration in spike’ on table 9) was first adjusted to the volume of the sample submitted (972 mL) by dividing 0.25 μg/L 

by 0.972 L. The formula for calculating recovery in percent is 

found in the heading of the table.

Calculated recoveries of pharmaceuticals in the laboratory-spiked environmental sample analyzed at the USGS 

NWQL were generally ±30 percent of the spiked concentration. 

There were exceptions. Data for spikes (table 8) show poor 

recoveries for fluoxetine (3.5 percent), thiabendazole (38 percent), diltiazem and ranitidine (both 51 percent), and diphenhydramine (60 percent). Fluoxetine, diltiazem, and ranitidine were 

reported as “highly variable compounds” during methods 

development and have mean long-term recoveries ranging from 

22 to 37 percent. In the final approved method, fluoxetine and 

ranitidine will be dropped except for custom analytical 

requests; diltiazem will be retained but will be reported as estimated data values (Edward Furlong, U.S. Geological Survey, 

oral commun., May 29, 2007). Therefore, the data reported for 
14 Concentrations of Selected Pharmaceuticals and Antibiotics in South-Central Pennsylvania, March Through September 2006

Table 7. Relative percent differences (RPD) in concentrations of primary environmental and quality-control sequential and split duplicate 

samples analyzed at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Water Quality Laboratory (NWQL) and Organic Geochemistry Research 

Laboratory (ORGL).

[Sample data is only shown if both results of the duplicate pair were above the reporting limit or one or both were reported as estimated (E) values; env., environmental; na, no relative percent difference (RPD) could be calculated because either one or both concentrations were below the reporting limit (reported as a “<” 

value); --, either or both concentrations for compound were below the reporting limit (complete results of analyses are presented in table 6); compounds in italics 

were analyzed at both laboratories; E(1), concentration is below the long-term method detection limit (for information-rich methods only); E(2), concentration is 

greater than or equal to the long-term method detection limit but less than the minimum reporting level (lowest calibration standard is less than the minimum reporting level); E(3), median long-term recovery of the compound is between 30 and 60 percent or the relative standard deviation of long-term recoveries was 

greater than 25 percent]

Spring Creek Middle Spring Creek Middle Spring Creek 

01470858 0156931358 015693158

Concentration Concentration Concentration 

(μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L)

Analyte Relative Relative Relative 9/18/2006 5/10/2006 7/6/2006 9/18/2006 5/10/2006 7/6/2006 percent percent percent 1120,1121 1031 1020,1025 1125,1126 1036 1030,1035 difference difference difference primary primary primary duplicate duplicate duplicate env. env. env. sample sample sample sample sample sample

Compounds analyzed at the USGS NWQL

Human and veterinary drugs

Nonprescription pharmaceuticals

Acetaminophen -- -- na -- -- na -- -- na

Caffeine 0.022 0.025 13 -- -- na -- -- na

1,2 Para-xanthine -- -- na -- -- na -- -- na

Codeine -- -- na -- -- na E(1) 0 .010 E(1) 0 .010 0

Cotinine -- -- na -- -- na -- -- na

Diphenhydramine -- -- na -- -- na E(2) .013 E(1) .009 36

Prescription pharmaceuticals 

Carbamazepine -- -- na -- -- na .050 .051 2.0

Dehydronifedipine -- -- na -- -- na -- -- na

Diltiazem -- -- na -- -- na E(3) .024 E(3) .018 29

Fluoxetine -- -- na -- -- na -- -- na

Ranitidine -- -- na -- -- na E(3) .007 E(3) .006 15

Salbutamol -- -- na -- -- na E(1) .004 E(1) .004 0

Antibiotics

Sulfamethoxazole -- -- na -- -- na .082 .078 5.0

Trimethoprim -- -- na -- -- na .023 .023 0

Compounds analyzed at the USGS OGRL

Macrolide antibiotics

Azithromycin .031 .035 12 1.65 1.28 25 .078 .014 140

Erythromycin -- -- na -- -- na -- -- na

Erythromycin-H2O (anhydro-erythromycin)1 -- -- na .081 .068 17 -- -- na

Tylosin -- -- na -- -- na -- -- na

Quinoline antibiotics 

Ciprofloxacin -- -- na -- -- na .007 .008 13

Ofloxacin .012 .011 8.7 .009 .023 88 .022 .022 0

Sulfonamide antibiotics

Sulfadiazine -- -- na -- -- na -- -- na

Sulfamethoxazole .148 .159 7.2 .434 .426 1.9 .110 .268 84

Other antibiotics

Trimethoprim .011 .010 10 .123 .114 7.6 .052 .058 11

Pharmaceuticals

Carbamazepine .014 .015 6.9 .152 .151 .66 .086 .090 4.5

Ibuprofen -- -- na -- -- na -- -- na

1Degradation product.

2Para-xanthine also known as 1,7 dimethylxanthine.
Results for Quality-Control Samples 15

Table 7. Relative percent differences (RPD) in concentrations of primary environmental and quality-control sequential and split duplicate 

samples analyzed at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Water Quality Laboratory (NWQL) and Organic Geochemistry Research 

Laboratory (ORGL).—Continued

[Sample data is only shown if both results of the duplicate pair were above the reporting limit or one or both were reported as estimated (E) values; env., environmental; na, no relative percent difference (RPD) could be calculated because either one or both concentrations were below the reporting limit (reported as a “<” 

value); --, either or both concentrations for compound were below the reporting limit (complete results of analyses are presented in table 6); compounds in italics 

were analyzed at both laboratories; E(1), concentration is below the long-term method detection limit (for information-rich methods only); E(2), concentration is 

greater than or equal to the long-term method detection limit but less than the minimum reporting level (lowest calibration standard is less than the minimum reporting level); E(3), median long-term recovery of the compound is between 30 and 60 percent or the relative standard deviation of long-term recoveries was 

greater than 25 percent]

Killinger Creek Conoy Creek 

01573153 01574314

Concentration Concentration 

(μg/L) (μg/L)

Analyte Relative Relative 3/7/2006 5/1/2006 3/7/2006 5/1/2006 percent percent 1230,1231 1035,1036 1235,1236 1037,1038 difference difference primary primary duplicate duplicate env. env. sample sample sample sample

Compounds analyzed at the USGS NWQL

Human and veterinary drugs

Nonprescription pharmaceuticals

Acetaminophen 0.098 0.083 17 0.029 0.030 3.4

Caffeine 4.75 6.12 25 .032 .035 9.0

1,2 Para-xanthine .853 .997 16 -- -- na

Codeine .056 .064 13 -- -- na

Cotinine .043 .055 22 E(1) .004 E(1) .005 22

Diphenhydramine .066 .098 39 -- -- na

Prescription pharmaceuticals

Carbamazepine .079 .077 2.6 -- -- na

Dehydronifedipine E(1) .006 E(1) .007 15 -- -- na

Diltiazem E(3) .026 E(3) .039 40 -- -- na

Fluoxetine -- -- na -- -- na

Ranitidine E(3) .019 E(3) .025 27 -- -- na

Salbutamol E(2) .009 E(2) .010 10 -- -- na

Antibiotics

Sulfamethoxazole -- -- na -- -- na

Trimethoprim .105 .121 14 -- -- na

Compounds analyzed at the USGS OGRL

Macrolide antibiotics

Azithromycin .239 .180 28 -- -- --

Erythromycin .015 .017 12 -- -- na

Erythromycin-H2O (anhydro-erythromycin)1 .025 .020 22 -- -- na

Tylosin -- -- na .025 .018 33

Quinoline antibiotics

Ciprofloxacin .075 .101 30 -- -- na

Ofloxacin .171 .204 18 -- -- na

Sulfonamide antibiotics

Sulfadiazine .121 .164 30 -- -- na

Sulfamethoxazole .355 .508 35 -- -- na

Other antibiotics

Trimethoprim .140 .153 8.9 -- -- na

Pharmaceuticals

Carbamazepine .164 .187 13 -- -- na

Ibuprofen .277 .366 28 -- -- na

1

Degradation product.

2Para-xanthine also known as 1,7 dimethylxanthine.
16 Concentrations of Selected Pharmaceuticals and Antibiotics in South-Central Pennsylvania, March Through September 2006

Table 8. Pharmaceutical and antibiotic recoveries in the laboratory-spiked environmental sample analyzed at the USGS National Water Quality Laboratory in Denver, Colorado.

[Less-than values were set equal to zero for calculations. E(1), concentration is below the long-term method detection limit (for information-rich methods 

only); E(3), median long-term recovery of the compound is between 30 and 60 percent or the relative standard deviation of long-term recoveries was greater 

than 25 percent; <, less than; shading indicates detection in primary environmental sample and subsequent addition to the theoretical concentration]

Concentration, in micrograms per liter

Measured

concentration Primary in laboratory- environmental spiked sample Theoretical environmental Middle Calculated concentration in Recovery, in Analyte sample, Spring Creek concentration laboratory-spiked percent Middle 015693158 in spike environmental Spring Creek 5/10/06 sample 015693158 1030 5/10/06

1035

A B (A + B) = C (D/C) X 100 D

Human and veterinary drugs

Nonprescription pharmaceuticals

Acetaminophen E(1) 0.008 0.257 0.265 0.269 100

Caffeine < .015 .257 .257 .280 110

1,2 Para-xanthine < .021 .257 .257 .243 95

Codeine .029 .257 .286 .293 100

Cotinine E(1) .004 .257 .261 .251 96

Diphenhydramine .071 .257 .328 .196 60

Prescription pharmaceuticals

Carbamazepine .108 .257 .365 .263 72

Dehydronifedipine < .022 .257 .257 .299 120

Diltiazem E(3) .032 .257 .289 E(3) .148 51

Fluoxetine < .016 .257 .257 E(3) .009 3.5

Ranitidine E(3) .051 .257 .308 E(3) .158 51

Salbutamol E(1) .005 .257 .262 .264 100

Thiabendazole < .025 .257 .257 .097 38

Warfarin < .019 .257 .257 E(3) .229 89

Antibiotics

Sulfamethoxazole .552 .257 .809 .621 77

Trimethoprim .117 .257 .374 .291 78

1

Degradation product. 

2

Para-xanthine also known as 1,7 dimethylxanthine.
Results for Quality-Control Samples 17

fluoxetine (all non-detects), ranitidine, and diltiazem in table 6 

will be qualified as estimated values. The low recovery for thiabendazole in laboratory-spiked environmental samples is 

believed to be mainly because of field-matrix effects because 

mean long-term method performance has been acceptable for 

this compound (83 percent). 

Tables 9 and 10 show calculated “apparent” recoveries or 

“matrix” effects of antibiotics and pharmaceuticals from samples analyzed at the OGRL that were collected at the upstream 

station at Snitz Creek on March 16, 2006 (table 9), and at the 

downstream station at Snitz Creek on May 1, 2006 (table 10). 

In general, laboratory-spiked environmental samples (matrix 

spikes) provide information to evaluate method sample performance in environmental matrices. The recovery data from laboratory-spiked environmental samples, in conjunction with surrogate standard recoveries, is also used by OGRL chemists to 

determine if standard addition will be run on the sample in a 

next tier of work to better quantify the results and provide a 

higher degree of certainty in the occurrence and concentration 

of the compounds. 

The recoveries of the two laboratory-spiked environmental 

samples (tables 9 and 10) were generally within ±40 percent of 

the spiked concentration. Azithromycin, chloramphenicol, ibuprofen, lincomycin, ormetoprim, tylosin, and trimethoprim 

exhibited the widest variation in “apparent” recoveries or 

“matrix” effects with variations from 18 to 220 percent of the 

spiked concentrations. Because of refinements of data prior to 

release, using standard addition, no OGRL results need to be 

qualified (Michael Meyer, U.S. Geological Survey, oral commun., May 2007). 

Laboratory Quality Control 

Summary statistics for surrogate (carbamazepine-d10 and 

ethyl nicotinate-d4) spike recoveries by site type (and upstream 

and downstream) for samples collected for this study and longterm recoveries in NWQL reagent spikes are shown in table 11. 

Surrogate recoveries from laboratory reagent spikes (LRS) 

reflect the absence of any sample matrix components, such as 

dissolved organic matter, that can affect the recovery of the surrogates and, by extension, the ambient pharmaceuticals.

 Overall, recoveries of carbamazepine-d10 and ethyl nicotinate-d4 in samples from this study were acceptable when compared to the long-term surrogates recoveries in LRS. In streamwater samples, mean and median carbamazepine-d10 recoveries decreased at sites downstream from municipal-wastewater 

effluents, which may reflect the effect of the wastewater matrix 

on carbamazepine-d10 recoveries. Also, standard deviations 

and relative standard deviations (relative standard deviation 

equal to the standard deviation divided by the mean surrogate 

recovery) of carbamazepine-d10 in samples collected upstream 

and downstream from municipal-wastewater effluents were 

within two and three standard deviations, respectively, from 

that seen in laboratory reagent spikes. 

Stream water from the Killinger Creek downstream location had the lowest consistent surrogate carbamazepine-d10 

recoveries for the study—an average of 44 percent recovery for 

the four seasonal samples—that could indicate positive or negative bias in reported concentrations in one or more compounds 

resulting from matrix effects. Carbamazepine-d10 recoveries in 

streams receiving runoff from animal-feeding operations did 

not demonstrate upstream versus downstream differences. 

Mean and median recoveries of ethyl nicotinate-d4 were relatively uniform in all stream-water samples. Recoveries of both 

surrogates were highest in well-water samples from wells in 

agricultural areas used to supply livestock and were equal to or 

better than the recoveries of the surrogate recoveries in LRS 

samples. Overall, the surrogate data for the samples in this study 

indicate that the method performed well (Edward Furlong, U.S. 

Geological Survey, oral commun., 2007). 

Long-term mean recoveries and standard deviations for 

pharmaceutical and antibiotic compounds in LRSs varied by 

compound at the NWQL and OGRL. Summary statistics have 

been compiled for recoveries of method pharmaceuticals calculated from 157 LRSs extracted and analyzed over a 1-year 

period (May 3, 2005–May 4, 2006) at the NWQL. “Long-term 

mean” recoveries for NWQL reagent spikes for pharmaceutical 

and antibiotic compounds ranged from 22 to 92 percent; the 

maximum standard deviation was 21 percent. Reported longterm mean recoveries of individual compounds analyzed at the 

USGS NWQL should be considered when interpreting results 

because there is the potential for the actual concentrations to be 

higher than reported. Although this data set does not cover the 

period of sample analyses, similar performance is expected 

because the methodology remained unchanged during sample 

analyses (Edward Furlong, U.S. Geological Survey, written 

commun., August 14, 2007). 

Long-term mean “apparent” recoveries for the 28 compounds analyzed at the USGS OGRL have been calculated for 

the period February 2006–December 2006 for 25 to 29 LRS 

samples. The long-term mean recoveries generally reflect the 

recoveries found in LRSs during sample analyses at the OGRL 

(Michael Meyer, U.S. Geological Survey, oral commun., 

August 21, 2007). The mean recoveries ranged from 82 to 

134 percent of the expected spiked concentrations. The percent 

standard deviations ranged from 17 to 37 percent for 21 of the 

compounds. The percent standard deviation ranged from 42 to 

93 percent for azithromycin, roxithromycin, tylosin, and virginiamycin (four macrolides); the percent standard deviation for 

sulfadiazine was 61 percent, which was the earliest eluting and 

lowest responding compound, and ibuprofen and chloramphenicol, the only two compounds analyzed in negative-ion 

mode, had percent standard deviations of 67 and 117 percent, 

respectively. As a research method, the analyzed compounds 

are being evaluated for 1) their environmental significance, 

2) their method performance, and 3) the performance of specific 

compounds to the internal standards used for quantitation in 

varied matrices. Although the standard deviations for some of 

the compounds are larger than 40 percent, for the 4 macrolides, 

most of the increased deviation resulted from low values from 
18 Concentrations of Selected Pharmaceuticals and Antibiotics in South-Central Pennsylvania, March Through September 2006

Table 9. Antibiotic and pharmaceutical recoveries in the laboratory-spiked environmental sample collected in March 2006 from 

Creek and analyzed at the U.S. Geological Survey Organic Geochemistry Research Laboratory in Lawrence, Kansas.

Snitz 

 [Less-than values were set equal to zero for calculations. <, less than]

Analyte

Concentration, in micrograms per liter

Primary 

Environmental 

sample 

Snitz Creek

01574050 

3/16/06 

1031

Actual 

Concentration 

in laboratoryTheoretical spiked 

Calculated concentration in environmental 

concentration laboratory- sample,

in spike spiked Snitz Creek

environmental 01574050

sample 3/16/06

1032

Recovery, in 

percent

A B (A + B) = C D (D/C) X 100

Macrolide antibiotics

Azithromycin < 0.005 0.2 0.2 0.449 220

Total Erythromycin (parent and 1 degradate) < .008 .2 .2 .152 76

Roxithromycin < .005 .2 .2 .110 55

Tylosin < .005 .2 .2 .108 54

Virginiamycin < .005 .2 .2 .315 160

Quinoline antibiotics

Ciprofloxacin < .005 .2 .2 .308 150

Enrofloxacin < .005 .2 .2 .183 92

Lomefloxacin < .005 .2 .2 .295 150

Norfloxacin < .005 .2 .2 .348 170

Ofloxacin < .005 .2 .2 .328 160

Sarafloxacin < .005 .2 .2 .237 120

Sulfonamide antibiotics

Sulfachloropyridazine < .005 .2 .2 .121 60

Sulfadiazine < .050 .2 .2 .181 90

Sulfadimethoxine < .005 .2 .2 .141 70

Sulfamethazine < .005 .2 .2 .145 72

Sulfamethoxazole < .005 .2 .2 .139 70

Sulfathiazole < .020 .2 .2 .115 58

Tetracycline antibiotics and degradation products

Total Chlorotetracycline

(parent and 3 degradates)

< .010 .2 .2 .262 130

Doxycycline < .010 .2 .2 .244 120

Oxytetracycline < .010 .2 .2 .239 120

Tetracycline < .010 .2 .2 .339 170

Other antibiotics

Chloramphenicol < .050 .2 .2 .071 36

Lincomycin < .005 .2 .2 .035 18

Ormetoprim < .005 .2 .2 .109 54

Trimethoprim < .005 .2 .2 .088 44

Pharmaceuticals

Carbamazepine < .005 .2 .2 .111 56

Ibuprofen < .050 .2 .2 .069 34
Results for Quality-Control Samples 19

Table 10. Antibiotic and pharmaceutical recoveries in the laboratory-spiked environmental sample collected in May 2006 from Snitz 

Creek and analyzed at U.S. Geological Survey Organic Geochemistry Research Laboratory in Lawrence, Kansas.

[Less-than values were set equal to zero for calculations. <, less than; shading indicates detection in primary environmental sample and subsequent addition to the 

theoretical concentration]

Analyte

Concentration, in micrograms per liter

Primary 

environmental 

sample

Snitz Creek

01574055

5/01/06

1246

Actual 

concentration 

in laboratoryTheoretical spiked 

Calculated concentration in environmental 

concentration laboratory-spiked sample, 

in spike environmental Snitz Creek

sample 01574055

5/01/06

1247

Recovery, in 

percent

A B (A + B) = C D (D/C) X 100

Macrolide antibiotics

Azithromycin < 0.005 0.2 0.2 0.106 53

Total Erythromycin (parent and 1 degradate) < .008 .2 .2 .140 70

Roxithromycin < .005 .2 .2 .170 85

Tylosin .027 .2 .227 .365 160

Virginiamycin < .005 .2 .2 .150 75

Quinoline antibiotics

Ciprofloxacin < .005 .2 .2 .219 110

Enrofloxacin < .005 .2 .2 .288 140

Lomefloxacin < .005 .2 .2 .166 83

Norfloxacin < .005 .2 .2 .151 76

Ofloxacin < .005 .2 .2 .186 93

Sarafloxacin < .005 .2 .2 .189 94

Sulfonamide antibiotics 

Sulfachloropyridazine < .005 .2 .2 .269 130

Sulfadiazine < .050 .2 .2 .266 130

Sulfadimethoxine < .005 .2 .2 .244 120

Sulfamethazine < .005 .2 .2 .334 170

Sulfamethoxazole < .005 .2 .2 .229 110

Sulfathiazole < .020 .2 .2 .277 140

Tetracycline antibiotics and degradation products

Total Chlorotetracycline

(parent and 3 degradates)

< .010 .2 .2 .254 130

Doxycycline < .010 .2 .2 .292 150

Oxytetracycline < .010 .2 .2 .202 100

Tetracycline < .010 .2 .2 .236 120

Other antibiotics

Chloramphenicol < .050 .2 .2 .155 78

Lincomycin < .005 .2 .2 .107 54

Ormetoprim < .005 .2 .2 .334 170

Trimethoprim < .005 .2 .2 .338 170

Pharmaceuticals

Carbamazepine < .005 .2 .2 .289 140

Ibuprofen < .050 .2 .2 .202 100
20 Concentrations of Selected Pharmaceuticals and Antibiotics in South-Central Pennsylvania, March Through September 2006

4 to 6 of the 25 samples. The large deviation from the expected 

concentration for ibuprofen and chloramphenicol was generally 

because of underestimated concentrations. Because of the use 

of close monitoring of the matrix spiked samples, surrogate 

standards, and the use of standard addition, the data for these six 

compounds have not been qualified.

Concentrations of Selected 

Pharmaceuticals and Antibiotics

Water samples were analyzed for 14 pharmaceuticals and 

2 antibiotics at the USGS NWQL and 2 pharmaceuticals and 

31 antibiotics (including degradation products) at the USGS 

OGRL. Data for all sites sampled are shown in table 6 at the end 

of this report. Results from respective laboratories are distinguished in the table by analyzing-agency sample codes (NWQL 

or OGRL). The USGS NWQL has established a data reporting 

convention described in Childress and others (1999). A qualifying remark code (‘E’ = estimated) is used for semi-quantitative 

analytical results to denote the following:

• E(1) if concentration is below the long-term MDL 

(for information-rich methods only); 

• E(2) if the concentration is greater than or equal to the 

long-term MDL but less than the MRL 

(lowest calibration standard is less than the MRL); 

• E(3) if the median long-term recovery of the compound 

is between 30 and 60 percent or the relative standard 

deviation of long-term recoveries was greater than 

25 percent, 

• E(4) if data are reported above the MRL, but there was 

a failure in some aspect of lab quality control 

(for example, the laboratory-spike or surrogate recoveries were low and the sample could not be re-analyzed). 

Two antibiotics, sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim, and one 

pharmaceutical, carbamazepine, were part of both laboratory 

schedules; therefore, analyses were completed for 15 unique 

pharmaceuticals and 31 unique antibiotics. For the purposes of 

counting numbers of compounds detected over the course of the 

study, the antibiotics sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim were 

counted as detected if they were detected at the OGRL regardless if they were detected at the NWQL. The detection limit for 

Table 11. Summary statistics for surrogate-spike recoveries by site type from samples collected for this study and from evaluation of 

long-term recoveries for U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory (NWQL) reagent spikes.

Streams receiving municipal Streams receiving runoff from Wells in Long-term Surrogate wastewater effluent animal-feeding operations agricultural NWQL spike Statistics areas used laboratory compounds to supply reagent spikes Upstream Downstream Upstream Downstream livestock

Recovery, in percent

Carbamazepine-d10 Maximum 120 110 120 120 95 120

Median 98 98 85 100 96 110

Mean 98 94 79 96 95 110

Minimum 80 55 34 64 66 92

Standard deviation 7.4 15 22 12 10 6.9

of recovery (percent)

Relative standard 7.6 16 28 13 10 6.5

deviation of recovery 

(percent)

Ethyl nicotinate-d4 Maximum 117 110 110 120 120 110

Median 86 85 82 89 90 100

Mean 85 87 81 89 92 100

Minimum 51 72 47 61 75 88

Standard deviation 13 7.7 15 12 10 6.6

of recovery (percent)

Relative standard 15 8.8 19 13 11 6.6

deviation of recovery 

(percent)
Concentrations of Selected Pharmaceuticals and Antibiotics 21

these compounds was lower at the OGRL than at the NWQL 

and all the other antibiotics were analyzed at the OGRL. The 

pharmaceutical carbamazepine was counted as detected if it 

was detected a the NWQL regardless if it was detected at the 

OGRL. Except for ibuprofen, all pharmaceuticals were analyzed at the NWQL. 

Water Quality in Streams 

 A statistical summary of the reported concentrations of 

compounds detected in samples from streams and a summary of 

the numbers of detections are shown in tables 12 and 13. Detections include estimated results and concentrations greater than 

the MRL. In these tables, counts of numbers of samples, numbers of detections, and statistics related to concentrations of 

analytes do not include data for Conoy Creek, because the 

downstream site did not include outflow from a wastewatertreatment plant. For each compound, there were 44 samples 

from upstream locations (20 samples from streams receiving 

municipal-wastewater effluent and 24 samples from streams 

receiving runoff from animal-feeding operations) and 44 samples from downstream locations (20 samples from streams 

receiving municipal-wastewater effluent and 24 samples from 

streams receiving runoff from animal-feeding operations). For 

the purpose of calculating medians, results reported as “less 

than” values were set equal to zero. For concentrations above 

the MRL and for estimated values, the actual concentration 

reported was used for determining the median. All assigned 

concentrations were ordered, and the median was selected. 

In stream samples, 13 pharmaceuticals and 11 antibiotics 

were detected at least 1 time during the study. For pharmaceuticals, caffeine and para-xanthine (a degradation product of caffeine) had the largest concentrations (both in the same sample)—4.75 μg/L and 0.853 μg/L, respectively—followed by 

carbamazepine (OGRL) (0.516 μg/L) and ibuprofen 

(0.277 μg/L) (table 12). All of these pharmaceuticals were 

detected as maximum concentrations downstream of wastewater effluent. Although the pharmaceuticals acetaminophen, caffeine, cotinine, diphenhydramine, and carbamazepine were 

detected in some streams receiving runoff from animal-feeding 

operations, concentrations of these compounds were low (maximum concentration equalled 0.053 μg/L). 

A summary of detections for the 88 stream-water samples 

(11 streams with samples at upstream and downstream locations over 4 seasons) is presented in table 13. The pharmaceutical carbamazepine was detected in 23 samples (6 detections 

from upstream locations and 17 detections from downstream 

locations). Caffeine was detected in 14 samples (3 detections 

from upstream locations and 11 detections from downstream 

locations). Diphenhydramine was detected in 14 samples 

(1 detection from an upstream location and 13 detections from 

downstream locations). 

Azithromycin had the highest concentration analyzed for 

antibiotic compounds—1.65 μg/L—followed by sulfamethoxazole (1.34 μg/L), ofloxacin (0.329 μg/L), and trimethoprim 

(0.256 μg/L) (table 12). In some streams receiving runoff from 

animal-feeding operations, oxytetracycline, sulfadimethoxine, 

sulfamethoxazole, and tylosin were detected, but with one 

exception (sulfamethoxazole [OGRL—0.157 μg/L]), concentrations of antibiotics were low (maximum concentration of 

E(4) 0.039 μg/L). 

The antibiotic sulfamethoxazole was detected in 21 samples (4 detections from upstream locations and 17 detections 

from downstream locations). Trimethoprim was detected in 17 

samples (1 detection from an upstream location and 16 detections from downstream locations). Ofloxacin was detected in 17 

samples (1 detection from an upstream location and 16 detections from downstream locations). Erythromycin-H2O was 

detected in 12 samples (1 detection from an upstream location 

and 11 detections from downstream locations). Azithromycin 

was detected in 11 samples (11 detections from downstream 

locations). 

Some compounds were not detected above the MRLs in 

any stream samples. The compounds not detected were two 

pharmaceuticals (fluoxetine and thiabendazole), and for the 

antibiotics, two macrolides (roxithromycin and virginiamycin), 

four quinolines (enrofloxacin, lomefloxacin, norfloxacin, and 

sarafloxacin), three sulfonamides (sulfachloropyridazine, sulfamethazine, and sulfathiazole), and all the tetracyclines and 

degradation products with the exception of oxytetracycline, 

chloramphenicol, lincomycin, and ormetoprim. 

Water Quality in Wells

A statistical summary of the reported concentrations of 

compounds detected in samples collected at well-water sites 

sampled is shown in table 14. Four compounds were detected in 

well water over the course of the project. Two wells had one 

detection of two different pharmaceuticals, cotinine and 

diphenhydramine, which were detected at estimated concentrations under the compound MRLs, E(2) 0.024 μg/L and 

E(1) 0.003 μg/L, respectively. A third well had detections of the 

antibiotics tylosin (0.017 μg/L) and sulfamethoxazole 

(0.006 μg/L), and a fourth well had one detection of tylosin 

(0.012 μg/L). Two wells had no detections of any pharmaceutical or antibiotic compounds. 

Water Quality at All Sites

Concentration maximums and minimums for compounds 

with detections, numbers of seasonal samples with detections, 

and number of compounds detected are shown in table 15 for 

individual streams and wells sampled. Seventy-eight percent of 

all detections were analyzed in samples collected downstream 

from municipal-wastewater effluents. At the downstream locations, Killinger Creek had the greatest number of pharmaceutical and antibiotic compounds detected in samples analyzed during the course of the study–20; followed by Lititz Run, 17; 

Middle Spring Creek, 14; Spring Creek, 12; and Mountain 

Creek, 6. Downstream locations with multiple maximum com-
Table 12. Summary statistics for concentrations of selected pharmaceuticals and antibiotics analyzed at the U.S. Geological Survey National Water QuaGeochemistry Laboratory for stream-water sites, south-central Pennsylvania, 2006. [Concentrations are in micrograms per liter; compounds in italics were analyzed by both laboratories; <, less than; shading indicates one or more detections (E-coded [estimated] el); E(1), concentration is below the long-term method detection limit (for information-rich methods only); E(2), concentration is greater than or equal to the long-term method detimum reporting level (lowest calibration standard is less than the minimum reporting level); E(3), the median long-term recovery of the compound is between 30 and 60 percent or long-term recoveries was greater than 25 percent; E(4), data are reported above the minimum reporting level, but there was a failure in some aspect of laboratory quality control (for surrogate recoveries were low and the sample could not be re-analyzed); --, not available; U, upstream; D, downstream] Long-term Standard Summary statis

Method Minimum Number of mean deviation of detection reporting samples Streams receiving municipal- St

recovery in percent limit, level, Loca- (surface- wastewater effluent2 

Analyte laboratory recoveries in in in tion water site reagent laboratory micrograms micrograms types spikes, reagent Minimum Median Maximum Min

per liter per liter combined)1 in percent spikes Compounds analyzed at the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory Human and veterinary drugs Nonprescription pharmaceuticals Acetaminophen 0.012 0.024 67 14 U 44 < 0.024 < 0.024 0.048 < 

.012 .024 D 44 < .024 < .024 .098 

Caffeine .008 .015 92 16 U 44 < .015 < .015 .065 

.008 .015 D 44 < .015 < .015 4.75 

3,4 Para-xanthine .010 .021 84 21 U 44 < .021 < .021 E(2) .019 

.010 .021 D 44 < .021 < .021 .853 

Codeine .011 .022 77 11 U 44 < .022 < .022 < .022 

.011 .022 D 44 < .022 < .022 .155 

Cotinine .014 .028 92 11 U 44 < .028 < .028 E(1) .010 

.014 .028 D 44 < .028 < .028 .043 

Diphenhydramine .012 .023 60 8 U 44 < .023 < .023 < .023 

.012 .023 D 44 < .023 E(2) .014 .135 

Prescription pharmaceuticals Carbamazepine .009 .018 85 10 U 44 < .018 < .018 E(2) .009 

.009 .018 D 44 < .018 .042 .276 

Dehydronifedipine .011 .022 78 12 U 44 < .022 < .022 < .022 

.011 .022 D 44 < .022 < .022 E(2) .015 

Diltiazem .009 .018 37 15 U 44 < .018 < .018 < .018 

.009 .018 D 44 < .018 < .018 E(3) .079 

Fluoxetine -- .016 22 13 U 44 < .016 < .016 < .016 

-- .016 D 44 < .016 < .016 < .016 

Ranitidine -- .025 30 12 U 44 < .025 < .025 < .025 

-- .025 D 44 < .025 < .025 E(3) .051 

Salbutamol .007 .014 70 14 U 44 < .014 < .014 < .014 

.007 .014 D 44 < .014 < .014 E(2) .012 

Thiabendazole .012 .025 83 11 U 44 < .025 < .025 < .025 

.012 .025 D 44 < .025 < .025 < .025 

Warfarin .009 .019 53 17 U 44 < .019 < .019 < .019 

.009 .019 D 44 < .019 < .019 E(3) .030 
Table 12. Summary statistics for concentrations of selected pharmaceuticals and antibiotics analyzed at the U.S. Geological Survey National Water QuaGeochemistry Laboratory for stream-water sites, south-central Pennsylvania, 2006.—Continued [Concentrations are in micrograms per el); E(1), concentration is below the lonimum reporting level (lowest calibration standard is less thanlong-term recoveries was greater than 2or surrogate recoveries were low and th

Analyte 

AntibioticsSulfamethoxazole

liter; compounds in italics were anal

g-term method detection limit (for i

 the minimum 

5 percent; E(4), data are reported ab

e sample could not be re-analyzed); 

Method Minimum 

detection reporting 

limit, level, 

in in 

micrograms micrograms 

per liter per liter 

0.012 0.024

yzed by both la

nformation-rich

reporting level); E(3), the

ove the minimu

--, not availabl

Long-term 

mean 

recovery in 

laboratory 

reagent 

spikes, 

in percent 

74

boratories; <, le

 methods only);

 medi

m reporting lev

e; U, upstream; 

Standard 

deviation of 

percent 

recoveries in 

laboratory 

reagent 

spikes

11

ss than; sh

 E(2), conc

an long-ter

el, but ther

D, downstream]

Location 

U

m recovery of

e was a failur

Number of 

samples 

(surfacewater site 

types 

combined)1

44

ading indicates one or more detections (E-coded [estimated] 

entration is greater than or equal to the long-term method det

 the compound is between 30 and 60 percent or 

e in some aspect of laboratory quality control (f

Summary statis

Streams receiving municipal- St

wastewater effluent2 

Minimum Median Maximum Min

< 0.024 < 0.024 E(2) 0.022 < 

.012 .024 D 44 < .024 .025 0.552 

Trimethoprim .010 .020 86 10 U 44 < .020 < .020 < .020 Macrolide antibioticsAzithromycin

.010 .020

Compounds analyzed 

-- .005

at the U.S. Geological Survey 

100 93

D 44 < .020

Organic Geochemistry Research 

U 44 < .005

E(2) .016 .117

Laboratory 

< .005 < .005

-- .005 D 44 < .005 .026 1.65 

Erythromycin -- .008 104 18 U 44 < .008 < .008 < .008 

-- .008 D 44 < .008 < .008 .016 

Erythromycin-H203 -- .008 115 37 U 44 < .008 < .008 .011 

-- .008 D 44 < .008 .012 .168 

Roxithromycin -- .005 95 49 U 44 < .005 < .005 < .005 

-- .005 D 44 < .005 < .005 < .005 

Tylosin -- .005 136 70 U 44 < .005 < .005 .009 

-- .005 D 44 < .005 < .005 .023 

Virginiamycin -- .005 108 42 U 44 < .005 < .005 < .005 

Quinoline antibioticsCiprofloxacin

-- .005

-- .005 94 18

D

U

44

44

< .005

< .005

< .005< .005

< .005

< .005

-- .005 D 44 < .005 < .005 .182 

Enrofloxacin -- .005 98 27 U 44 < .005 < .005 < .005 

-- .005 D 44 < .005 < .005 < .005 

Lomefloxacin -- .005 99 20 U 44 < .005 < .005 < .005 

-- .005 D 44 < .005 < .005 < .005 

Norfloxacin -- .005 94 22 U 44 < .005 < .005 < .005 

-- .005 D 44 < .005 < .005 < .005 

Ofloxacin -- .005 100 22 U 44 < .005 < .005 .006 

-- .005 D 44 < .005 .020 .329 

Sarafloxacin -- .005 96 17 U 44 < .005 < .005 < .005 

-- .005 D 44 < .005 < .005 < .005 
Table 12. Summary statistics for concentrations of selected pharmaceuticals and antibiotics analyzed at the U.S. Geological Survey National Water QuaGeochemistry Laboratory for stream-water sites, south-central Pennsylvania, 2006.—Continued [Concentrations are in micrograms per el); E(1), concentration is below the lon imum reporting level (lowest calibration standard is less than long-term recoveries was greater than 2 or surrogate recoveries were low and th Analyte Sulfonamide antibiotics Sulfachloropyridazine liter; compounds in italics were ana g-term method detection limit (for i the minimum 5 percent; E(4), data are reported ab e sample could not be re-analyzed); Method Minimum detection reporting limit, level, in in micrograms micrograms per liter per liter -- 0.005 lyzed by both la nformation-rich reporting level) ove the minimu --, not availabl Long-term mean recovery in laboratory reagent spikes, in percent 110 boratories; <, les methods only); ; E(3), the media m reporting lev e; U, upstream; Standard deviation of percent recoveries in laboratory reagent spikes 21 s than; sh E(2), conc n long-ter el, but ther D, downstream] Loca- tion U m recovery of e was a failur Number of samples (surface- water site types combined)1 44 ading indicates one or more detections (E-coded [estimated] 

entration is greater than or equal to the long-term method det

 the compound is between 30 and 60 percent or 

e in some aspect of laboratory quality control (f

Summary statis

Streams receiving municipal- St

wastewater effluent2 

Minimum Median Maximum Min

< 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 

-- .005 D 44 < .005 < .005 < .005 

Sulfadiazine -- .050 134 61 U 44 < .050 < .050 < .050 

-- .050 D 44 < .050 < .050 .121 

Sulfadimethoxine -- .005 112 25 U 44 < .005 < .005 < .005 

-- .005 D 44 < .005 < .005 < .005 

Sulfamethazine -- .005 111 30 U 44 < .005 < .005 < .005 

-- .005 D 44 < .005 < .005 < .005 

Sulfamethoxazole -- .005 122 28 U 44 < .005 < .005 .067 

-- .005 D 44 < .005 .120 1.34 

Sulfathiazole -- .020 97 27 U 44 < .020 < .020 < .020 

Tetracycline antibiotics and degradation Chlorotetracycline Epi-chlorotetracycline (4-EC- tetracycline HCl)3 -- .020 products -- .010 -- .010 -- .010 -- .010 Chlorotetra- cycline, total = 103 Chlorotetra- cycline, total = 36 DUDUD 4444444444 < .020 < .010 < .010 < .010 < .010 < .020 < .010 < .010 < .010 < .010 < .020 < .010 < .010 < .010 < .010 

Epi-iso-chlorotetracycline (Iso-epi- chlorotetracycline)3 3 Iso-chlorotetracycline -- .010 -- .010 -- .010 UDU 444444 < .010 < .010 < .010 < .010 < .010 < .010 < .010 < .010 < .010 

-- .010 D 44 < .010 < .010 < .010 

Doxycycline -- .010 104 32 U 44 < .010 < .010 < .010 

-- .010 D 44 < .010 < .010 < .010 

Oxytetracycline -- .010 85 33 U 44 < .010 < .010 .040 

-- .010 D 44 < .010 < .010 .010 

Epi-oxytetracycline (4-Epi- oxytetracycline)3 -- .010 -- .010 - - UD 4444 < .010 < .010 < .010 < .010 < .010 < .010 

Tetracyclines -- .010 89 21 U 44 < .010 < .010 < .010 

-- .010 D 44 < .010 < .010 < .010 

Epi-tetracycline (4-Epi-tetrecycline HCl)3 -- .010 -- - - UD 4444 < .010 < .010 < .010 < .010 < .010 < .010 
Table 12. Summary statistics for concentrations of selected pharmaceuticals and antibiotics analyzed at the U.S. Geological Survey National Water QuaGeochemistry Laboratory for stream-water sites, south-central Pennsylvania, 2006.—Continued [Concentrations are in micrograms per lel); E(1), concentration is below the lonimum reporting level (lowest calibration standard is less thanlong-term recoveries was greater than 2or surrogate recoveries were low and th

Analyte 

Other antibiotics

Chloramphenicol

iter; compounds in i

g-term method detec

5 percent; E(4), data

e sample could not 

Method 

detection 

limit, 

in 

micrograms 

per liter

--

talics were anal

tion limit (for i

 the minimum 

 are reported ab

be re-analyzed); 

Minimum 

reporting 

level, 

in 

micrograms 

per liter 

.050

yzed by both la

nformation-rich

reporting level); E(3), the

ove the minimu

--, not availabl

Long-term 

mean 

recovery in 

laboratory 

reagent 

spikes, 

in percent 

82

boratories; <, le

 methods only);

 medi

m reporting lev

e; U, upstream; 

Standard 

deviation of 

percent 

recoveries in 

laboratory 

reagent 

spikes

117

ss than; sh

 E(2), conc

an long-ter

el, but ther

D, downstr

Location 

U

m recovery of

e was a failur

eam]

Number of 

samples 

(surfacewater site 

types 

combined)1

44

ading indicates one or more detections (E-coded [estimated] 

entration is greater than or equal to the long-term method det

 the compound is between 30 and 60 percent or 

e in some aspect of laboratory quality control (f

Summary statis

Streams receiving municipal- St

wastewater effluent2 

Minimum Median Maximum Min

< 0.050 < 0.050 < 0.050 < 

-- .050 D 44 < .050 < .050 < .050 

Lincomycin -- .005 100 37 U 44 < .005 < .005 < .005 

-- .005 D 44 < .005 < .005 < .005 

Ormetoprim -- .005 83 34 U 44 < .005 < .005 < .005 

-- .005 D 44 < .005 < .005 < .005 

Trimethoprim -- .005 85 32 U 44 < .005 < .005 .015 PharmaceuticalsCarbamazepine

----

.005.005 98 25

D

U

44

44

< .005

< .005

.034

< .005

.256.013

-- .005 D 44 < .005 .054 .516 

Ibuprofen -- .050 87 67 U 44 < .050 < .050 < .050 

-- .050 D 44 < .050

1Count does not include samples collected at upstream and downstream locations on Conoy Creek. The downstream site at Conoy Creek 

< .050 .277 

did not receive outflow from a wastew

2Does not include results from samples collected at upstream and downstream locations on Conoy Creek. The downstream site at Conoy Creek did not receive outflow from a 3Degradation product. 4Para-xanthine also known as 1,7 dimethylxanthine. 
26 Concentrations of Selected Pharmaceuticals and Antibiotics in South-Central Pennsylvania, March Through September 2006

Table 13. Summary of numbers of detections for selected pharmaceuticals and antibiotics for stream-water sites, south-central 

Pennsylvania, 2006.

[Compounds in italics were analyzed by both laboratories; <, less than; shading indicates one or more detections (E-coded [estimated] or above minimum reporting level); U, upstream; D, downstream]

Detections 

(E-coded or above the minimum 

reporting level)

Method Minimum Number of Number of Number of detection reporting samples detections detections limit, level, (surface- from Analyte Location from in in water site Number streams 

micrograms micrograms streams types of receiving receiving per liter per liter combined)1 2 detections runoff from municipal animal- wastewater feeding effluent2

operations

Compounds analyzed at the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory

Nonprescription pharmaceuticals 

Acetaminophen 0.012 0.024 U 44 1 1 0

.012 .024 D 44 9 5 4

Caffeine .008 .015 U 44 3 1 2

.008 .015 D 44 11 7 4

3,4 Para-xanthine .010 .021 U 44 1 1 0

.010 .021 D 44 1 1 0

Codeine .011 .022 U 44 0 0 0

.011 .022 D 44 9 9 0

Cotinine .014 .028 U 44 1 1 0

.014 .028 D 44 9 7 2

Diphenhydramine .012 .023 U 44 1 0 1

.012 .023 D 44 13 13 0

Prescription pharmaceuticals 

Carbamazepine .009 .018 U 44 5 1 4

.009 .018 D 44 18 16 2

Dehydronifedipine .011 .022 U 44 0 0 0

.011 .022 D 44 4 4 0

Diltiazem .009 .018 U 44 0 0 0

.009 .018 D 44 10 10 0

Fluoxetine -- .016 U 44 0 0 0

-- .016 D 44 0 0 0

Ranitidine -- .025 U 44 0 0 0

-- .025 D 44 6 6 0

Salbutamol .007 .014 U 44 0 0 0

.007 .014 D 44 4 4 0

Thiabendazole .012 .025 U 44 0 0 0

.012 .025 D 44 0 0 0

Warfarin .009 .019 U 44 0 0 0

.009 .019 D 44 1 1 0

Antibiotics

Sulfamethoxazole .012 .024 U 44 2 1 1

.012 .024 D 44 15 13 2

Trimethoprim .010 .020 U 44 0 0 0

.010 .020 D 44 12 12 0
Concentrations of Selected Pharmaceuticals and Antibiotics 27

Table 13. Summary of numbers of detections for selected pharmaceuticals and antibiotics for stream-water sites, south-central 

Pennsylvania, 2006.—Continued

[Compounds in italics were analyzed by both laboratories; <, less than; shading indicates one or more detections (E-coded [estimated] or above minimum reporting level); U, upstream; D, downstream]

Detections 

(E-coded or above the minimum 

reporting level)

Method Minimum Number of Number of Number of detection reporting samples detections detections limit, level, (surface- from Analyte Location from in in water site Number streams 

micrograms micrograms streams types of receiving receiving per liter per liter combined)1 2 detections runoff from municipal animal- wastewater feeding effluent2

operations

Compounds analyzed at the U.S. Geological Survey Organic Geochemistry Research Laboratory

Macrolide antibiotics 

Azithromycin -- 0.005 U 44 0 0 0

-- .005 D 44 11 11 0

Erythromycin -- .008 U 44 0 0 0

-- .008 D 44 5 5 0

Erythromycin-H203 -- .008 U 44 1 1 0

-- .008 D 44 11 11 0

Roxithromycin -- .005 U 44 0 0 0

-- .005 D 44 0 0 0

Tylosin -- .005 U 44 2 1 1

-- .005 D 44 5 3 2

Virginiamycin -- .005 U 44 0 0 0

-- .005 D 44 0 0 0

Quinoline antibiotics

Ciprofloxacin -- .005 U 44 0 0 0

-- .005 D 44 7 7 0

Enrofloxacin -- .005 U 44 0 0 0

-- .005 D 44 0 0 0

Lomefloxacin -- .005 U 44 0 0 0

-- .005 D 44 0 0 0

Norfloxacin -- .005 U 44 0 0 0

-- .005 D 44 0 0 0

Ofloxacin -- .005 U 44 1 1 0

-- .005 D 44 16 16 0

Sarafloxacin -- .005 U 44 0 0 0

-- .005 D 44 0 0 0

Sulfonamide antibiotics

Sulfachloropyridazine -- .005 U 44 0 0 0

-- .005 D 44 0 0 0

Sulfadiazine -- .050 U 44 0 0 0

-- .050 D 44 1 1 0

Sulfadimethoxine -- .005 U 44 0 0 0

-- .005 D 44 2 0 2

Sulfamethazine -- .005 U 44 0 0 0

-- .005 D 44 0 0 0

Sulfamethoxazole -- .005 U 44 4 2 2

-- .005 D 44 17 16 1

Sulfathiazole -- .020 U 44 0 0 0

-- .020 D 44 0 0 0
28 Concentrations of Selected Pharmaceuticals and Antibiotics in South-Central Pennsylvania, March Through September 2006

Table 13. Summary of numbers of detections for selected pharmaceuticals and antibiotics for stream-water sites, south-central 

Pennsylvania, 2006.—Continued

[Compounds in italics were analyzed by both laboratories; <, less than; shading indicates one or more detections (E-coded [estimated] or above minimum reporting level); U, upstream; D, downstream]

Detections 

(E-coded or above the minimum 

reporting level)

Method Minimum Number of Number of Number of detection reporting samples detections detections limit, level, (surface- from Analyte Location from in in water site Number streams 

micrograms micrograms streams types of receiving receiving per liter per liter combined)1 2 detections runoff from municipal animal- wastewater feeding effluent2

operations

Tetracycline antibiotics and degradation products 

Chlorotetracycline -- 0.010 U 44 0 0 0

-- .010 D 44 0 0 0

Epi-chlorotetracycline (4-EC-tetracycline -- .010 U 44 0 0 0

HCl)3 -- .010 D 44 0 0 0

Epi-iso-chlorotetracycline (Iso-epi- -- .010 U 44 0 0 0

chlorotetracycline)3 -- .010 D 44 0 0 0 3 Iso-chlorotetracycline -- .010 U 44 0 0 0

-- .010 D 44 0 0 0

Doxycycline -- .010 U 44 0 0 0

-- .010 D 44 0 0 0

Oxytetracycline -- .010 U 44 1 1 0

-- .010 D 44 2 1 1

Epi-oxytetracycline (4-Epi-oxytetracycline)3 -- .010 U 44 0 0 0

-- .010 D 44 0 0 0

Tetracyclines -- .010 U 44 0 0 0

-- .010 D 44 0 0 0

Epi-tetracycline (4-Epi-tetracycline HCl)3 -- .010 U 44 0 0 0

-- .010 D 44 0 0 0

Other antibiotics

Chloramphenicol -- .050 U 44 0 0 0

-- .050 D 44 0 0 0

Lincomycin -- .005 U 44 0 0 0

-- .005 D 44 0 0 0

Ormetoprim -- .005 U 44 0 0 0

-- .005 D 44 0 0 0

Trimethoprim -- .005 U 44 1 1 0

-- .005 D 44 16 16 0

Pharmaceuticals

Carbamazepine -- .005 U 44 6 3 3

-- .005 D 44 17 16 1

Ibuprofen -- .050 U 44 0 0 0

-- .050 D 44 1 1 0

1Count does not include samples collected at upstream and downstream locations on Conoy Creek. The downstream site at Conoy Creek did not receive outflow from a wastewater-treatment plant.

2Does not include results from samples collected at upstream and downstream locations on Conoy Creek. The downstream site at Conoy Creek did not receive outflow from a wastewater-treatment plant.

3

Degradation product. 

4Para-xanthine also known as 1,7 dimethylxanthine. 
Concentrations of Selected Pharmaceuticals and Antibiotics 29

Table 14. Summary statistics for concentrations and numbers of detections of pharmaceuticals and antibiotics analyzed at the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality and Organic Geochemistry Research Laboratories for well-water sites, south-central Pennsylvania, 2006.

[Compounds in italics were analyzed by both laboratories; <, less than; shading indicates one or more detections (E-coded [estimated] or above minimum reporting level); E(1), concentration is below the long-term method detection limit (for information-rich methods only); E(2), concentration is greater than or equal to 

the long-term method detection limit but less than the minimum reporting level (lowest calibration standard is less than the minimum reporting level); --, not available]

Analyte

Number 

of 

samples 

Method 

detection 

limit, 

in 

micrograms 

per liter

Minimum 

reporting 

level, 

in 

micrograms 

per liter 

Number of 

detections

Long-term 

mean 

recovery in 

laboratory 

reagent 

spikes, in 

percent 

Standard 

deviation of 

percent 

recoveries 

in 

laboratory 

reagent 

spikes

Concentrations, in micrograms per 

liter

Wells in agricultural areas used to 

supply livestock

Minimum Median Maximum

Compounds analyzed at the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory

Human and veterinary drugs 

Nonprescription pharmaceuticals

Acetaminophen

Caffeine

1,2 Para-xanthine

Codeine

Cotinine

Diphenhydramine

24

24

24

24

24

24

0.012

.008

.010

.011

.014

.012

0.024

.015

.021

.022

.028

.023

0

0

0

0

1

1

67

92

84

77

92

60

14

16

21

11

11

8

< 0.024

< .015

< .021

< .022

< .028

< .023

< 0.024

< .015

< .021

< .022

< .028

< .023

< 0.024

< .015

< .021

< .022

E(2) .024

E(1) .003

Prescription pharmaceuticals 

Carbamazepine 

Dehydronifedipine

Diltiazem

Fluoxetine

Ranitidine

Salbutamol

Thiabendazole

Warfarin

24

24

24

24

24

24

24

24

.009

.011

.009

--

--

.007

.012

.009

.018

.022

.018

.016

.025

.014

.025

.019

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

85

78

37

22

30

70

83

53

10

12

15

13

12

14

11

17

< .018

< .022

< .018

< .016

< .025

< .014

< .025

< .019

< 

< 

< 

< 

< 

< 

< 

< 

.018

.022

.018

.016

.025

.014

.025

.019

< .018

< .022

< .018

< .016

< .025

< .014

< .025

< .019

Antibiotics

Sulfamethoxazole

Trimethoprim

24

24

.012

.010

.024

.020

0

0

74

86

11

10

< .024

< .020

< 

< 

.024

.020

< .024

< .020

Compounds analyzed at the U.S. Geological Survey Organic Geochemistry Research Laboratory

Macrolide antibiotics 

Azithromycin

Erythromycin

Erythromycin-H201

Roxithromycin

Tylosin

Virginiamycin

24

24

24

24

24

24

--

--

--

--

--

--

.005

.008

.008

.005

.005

.005

0

0

0

0

2

0

100

104

115

95

136

108

93

18

37

49

70

42

< .005

< .008

< .008

< .005

< .005

< .005

< 

< 

< 

< 

< 

< 

.005

.008

.008

.005

.005

.005

< .005

< .008

< .008

< .005

.017

< .005

Quinoline antibiotics 

Ciprofloxacin

Enrofloxacin

Lomefloxacin

Norfloxacin

Ofloxacin

Sarafloxacin

24

24

24

24

24

24

--

--

--

--

--

--

.005

.005

.005

.005

.005

.005

0

0

0

0

0

0

94

98

99

94

100

96

18

27

20

22

22

17

< .005

< .005

< .005

< .005

< .005

< .005

< 

< 

< 

< 

< 

< 

.005

.005

.005

.005

.005

.005

< .005

< .005

< .005

< .005

< .005

< .005

Sulfonamide antibiotics 

Sulfachloropyridazine

Sulfadiazine

Sulfadimethoxine

Sulfamethazine

Sulfamethoxazole 

Sulfathiazole

24

24

24

24

24

24

-- .005

-- .050

-- .005

-- .005

-- .005

-- .020

0

0

0

0

1

0

110

134

112

111

122

97

21

61

25

30

28

27

< .005

< .050

< .005

< .005

< .005

< .020

< 

< 

< 

< 

< 

< 

.005

.050

.005

.005

.005

.020

< .005

< .050

< .005

< .005

.006

< .020
30 Concentrations of Selected Pharmaceuticals and Antibiotics in South-Central Pennsylvania, March Through September 2006

Table 14. Summary statistics for concentrations and numbers of detections of pharmaceuticals and antibiotics analyzed at the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality and Organic Geochemistry Research Laboratories for well-water sites, south-central Pennsylvania, 2006.

[Compounds in italics were analyzed by both laboratories; <, less than; shading indicates one or more detections (E-coded [estimated] or above minimum reporting level); E(1), concentration is below the long-term method detection limit (for information-rich methods only); E(2), concentration is greater than or equal to 

the long-term method detection limit but less than the minimum reporting level (lowest calibration standard is less than the minimum reporting level); --, not available]

Analyte

Number 

of 

samples 

Method 

detection 

limit, 

in 

micrograms 

per liter

Minimum 

reporting 

level, 

in 

micrograms 

per liter 

Number of 

detections

Long-term 

mean 

recovery in 

laboratory 

reagent 

spikes, in 

percent 

Standard 

deviation of 

percent 

recoveries 

in 

laboratory 

reagent 

spikes

Concentrations, in micrograms per 

liter

Wells in agricultural areas used to 

supply livestock

Minimum Median Maximum

Tetracycline antibiotics and degradation products 

Chlorotetracycline

Epi-chlorotetracycline 

(4-EC-tetracycline HCl)1

Epi-iso-chlorotetracycline 

(Iso-epichlorotetracycline)1

1 Iso-chlorotetracycline

Doxycycline

Oxytetracycline

Epi-oxytetracycline 

(4-Epi-oxytetracycline)1

Tetracyclines 

Epi-tetracycline 

(4-Epi-tetracycline HCl)1

24

24

24

24

24

24

24

24

24

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

0.010

.010

.010

.010

.010

.010

.010

.010

.010

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Chlorotetracycline, 

total = 103

104

85

-

89

-

Chlorotetracycline, 

total = 36

32

33

21

-

< 0.010

< .010

< .010

< .010

< .010

< .010

< .010

< .010

< .010

< 0.010

< .010

< .010

< .010

< .010

< .010

< .010

< .010

< .010

< 0.010

< .010

< .010

< .010

< .010

< .010

< .010

< .010

< .010

Other antibiotics

Chloramphenicol

Lincomycin

Ormetoprim

Trimethoprim

24

24

24

24

--

--

--

--

.050

.005

.005

.005

0

0

0

0

82

100

83

85

117

37

34

32

< .050

< .005

< .005

< .005

< 

< 

< 

< 

.050

.005

.005

.005

< .050

< .005

< .005

< .005

Pharmaceuticals

Carbamazepine 

Ibuprofen

24

24

--

--

.005

.050

0

0

98

87

25

67

< .005

< .050

< 

< 

.005

.050

< .005

< .050

1

Degradation product.

2

Para-xanthine also known as 1.7 dimethylxanthine.
Numbers of Detections of Compounds by Season 31

pound concentrations for the study were Killinger Creek–16 

compounds, Middle Spring Creek–4 compounds, and Lititz 

Run–2 compounds. For sites downstream from animal-feeding 

operations, Snitz Creek had the greatest number of compounds 

detected in samples analyzed, 8; followed by Little Chickies 

Creek, 4; and Muddy Run, 3. Three Square Hollow Run, Trout 

Run, and Bachman Run had one detection each. 

Stream-water sites upstream from municipal-wastewater 

effluent outfalls had either no compounds detected (Spring and 

Middle Spring Creeks) or fewer compounds detected than at 

downstream locations. Oxytetracycline, however, had the maximum concentration for the study (0.038 μg/L) in a sample collected from the upstream site at Lititz Run. 

Even though Conoy Creek did not receive municipal 

wastewater effluent, three pharmaceuticals (acetaminophen, 

caffeine, cotinine) and one antibiotic (tylosin) were detected in 

50 to 100 percent of the samples collected at both upstream and 

downstream locations. The maximum concentrations for the 

project for acetaminophen (0.35 μg/L) and tylosin (0.030 μg/L) 

were analyzed in samples collected at the upstream location on 

Conoy Creek. Determination of the source(s) of these contaminants is not within the scope of this report. 

Numbers of Detections of Compounds by 

Season

Over the course of the study, four samples were collected 

at each site to assess changes in concentration resulting from 

seasonal use of human or veterinary pharmaceuticals and antibiotics. Samples were collected in March/April (considered 

winter sample), May (spring sample), July (summer sample), 

and September (fall sample). At four streams, at least one compound was detected in all four seasonal samples (table 15). The 

Middle Spring Creek downstream location had nine compounds 

(four antibiotics, five pharmaceuticals) that were detected in 

every sample. The Killinger Creek downstream location had six 

compounds (five antibiotics, one pharmaceutical) that were 

detected in every sample. The Lititz Run downstream location 

had four compounds (three antibiotics, one pharmaceutical) that 

were detected in every sample. Other compounds were detected 

at these sites, but not in every seasonal sample. At other 

streams, like the Trout Run and Three Square Hollow downstream locations, pharmaceutical or antibiotic compounds were 

only detected in one of the seasonal samples.

The number of detections and total numbers of compounds 

detected in seasonal samples collected for streams receiving 

municipal wastewater effluent and streams receiving runoff 

from animal-feeding operations are shown in table 16; results 

for Conoy Creek are not included in this table. For total number 

of compounds detected, carbamazepine was counted only if 

detected at the NWQL; sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim 

were counted only if detected at the OGRL.

Seasonal occurrence of pharmaceutical and antibiotic 

compounds in stream water varied by compound and streamwater site type (table 16). Erythromycin-H20 was the only antibiotic degradation product detected for the study; it was 

detected twice as often as the parent compound in most of the 

seasonal samples collected from streams receiving municipalwastewater effluent. Samples collected during the winter period 

from streams receiving municipal-wastewater effluent had the 

greatest number of compounds detected (21). 

For well-water samples, seasonal distributions for the 

number of detections and the number of compounds detected 

are shown in table 17. The total number of detections in well 

water was very low; tylosin was detected two times in winter 

samples, cotinine and sulfamethoxazole were each detected one 

time in fall samples, and diphenhydramine was detected one 

time in summer samples. 
Table 15. Concentration ranges of compounds with detections, numbers of seasonal samples with detections of specific compounds, and number of c[Statistic: Max, maximum concentration; min, minimum concentration; Numb, number of seasonal samples having detections of the compound (for example, "4" indicates the cseasonal samples). --, no detections; <, less than; bolding indicates maximum concentration for project; shading indicates one or more detections (above minimum reporting leveE(1), concentration is below the long-term method detection limit (for information-rich methods only); E(2), the concentration is greater than or equal to the long-term method dminimum reporting level (lowest calibration standard is less than the minimum reporting level); E(3), the median long-term recovery of the compound is between 30 and 60 perction of long-term recoveries was greater than 25 percent; E(4), data are reported above the minimum reporting level, but there was a failure in some aspect of laboratory quality cry-spike or surrogate recoveries were low and the sample could not be re-analyzed)] Concentration, in micrograms per liter U.S. Geological Survey station Stream or Loca- Statis- identification well name tion tic number 

Number of compounds 

detected March-September

Stream sites upstream and downstream from municipal-wastewater effluents

01470857 Spring Creek U 0 Max -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

Min -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Numb -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

01470858 D 12 Max E(1) 0.007 0.016 0.031 0.022 0.026 0.019 -- E(1) 0.007 E(1) 0.004 -- E(3) 0.0

Acetaminophen

Min < .024 < .008 < .005 < .015 < .005 < .018 -- < .022 < .028 -- < .0

Numb 1 1 1 3 3 3 -- 2 2 -- 

015693155 Middle Spring U 0 Max -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

Min -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

Anhydro-erythromycin 

Creek

Numb -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

(erythromycin-H

20)

015693158 D 14 Max E(1) .008 .081 1.65 -- .152 .13 .021 .031 E(1) .004 -- E(3) .0

Min < .024 < .008 .078 -- .086 .05 < .005 E(1) .010 < .028 -- E(3) .0Numb 1 3 4 -- 4 4 2 4 1 -- 

Azithromycin

01571193 Mountain U 1 Max -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

Creek Min -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

Numb -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

Caffeine

01571195 D 6 Max -- -- -- .015 .005 E(2) .009 -- -- - -- -- 

Min -- -- -- < .015 < .005 < .018 -- -- - -- -- Numb -- -- -- 1 1 1 -- -- - -- -- 

01573151 Killinger Creek U 6 Max .048 -- -- .065 .011 E(2) .009 -- -- E(1) .010 -- -- 

Carbamazepine (OGRL)

Min < .024 -- -- < .015 < .005 < .018 -- -- < .028 -- -- 

Numb 1 -- -- 1 2 1 -- -- 1 -- -- 

01573153 D 20 Max .098 .168 .686 4.75 .516 .276 .182 .155 .043 E(2) 0.015 E(3) .0

Carbamazepine (NWQL)

Min < .024 .008 .021 < .015 .045 .030 < .005 < .022 < .028 < .022 < .0Numb 2 4 4 3 4 4 3 2 2 3 

01574310 Conoy Creek1 U 4 Max .35 -- -- .060 -- -- -- -- E(1) .005 -- -- 

Min < .024 -- -- .019 -- -- -- -- < .028 -- -- 

Ciprofloxacin

Numb 3 -- -- 4 -- -- -- -- 2 -- -- 

01574314 D 4 Max .029 -- -- .363 -- -- -- -- E(2) .017 -- -- 

Min E(1) .005 -- -- .015 -- -- -- -- < .028 -- -- Numb 4 -- -- 4 -- -- -- -- 2 -- -- 

Codeine

01576420 Lititz Run U 6 Max -- .011 -- -- .013 -- -- -- -- -- -- 

Min -- < .008 -- -- < .005 -- -- -- -- -- -- Numb -- 1 -- -- 1 -- -- -- -- -- -- 

01576422 D 17 Max E(1) .009 .152 .44 -- .142 .139 .015 .040 E(1) .008 E(1) .005 E(3) .0

Min < .024 < .008 < .005 -- .054 .040 < .005 < .022 < .028 < .022 < .0

Cotinine

Numb 1 3 2 -- 4 4 2 1 2 1 

1The downstream site at Conoy Creek did not receive outflow from a wastewater-treatment plant.

Dehydronifedipine

Diltiazem
Table 15. Concentration ranges of compounds with detections, numbers of seasonal samples with detections of specific compounds, and number of site.—Continued[Statistic: Max, maximum concentration; min, minimum concentration; Numb, number of seasonal samples having detections of the compound (for example, "4" indicates the cseasonal samples). --, no detections; <, less than; bolding indicates maximum concentration for project; shading indicates one or more detections (above minimum reporting leveE(1), concentration is below the long-term method detection limit (for information-rich methods only); E(2), the concentration is greater than or equal to the long-term method dminimum reporting level (lowest calibration standard is less than the minimum reporting level); E(3), the median long-term recovery of the compound is between 30 and 60 perction of long-term recoveries was greater than 25 percent; E(4), data are reported above the minimum reporting level, but there was a failure in some aspect of laboratory quality cry-spike or surrogate recoveries were low and the sample could not be re-analyzed)]

Concentration, in micrograms per liter

U.S. Geological 

Survey station Stream or Loca- Statisidentification well name tion

Number of compounds tic number 

detected March-September

Stream sites upstream and downstream from animal-feeding operations

01569346 Three Square U 0 Max -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

Min -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

Acetaminophen

Hollow Run

Numb -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

01569349 D 1 Max -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

Min -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

Anhydro-erythromycin 

Numb -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

(erythromycin-H

20)

01572146 Trout Run U 1 Max -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

Min -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Numb -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

Azithromycin

01572148 D 1 Max E(2) 0.018 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

Min < .024 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Numb 1 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

0.019 0.009 E(2) 0.010

Caffeine

401704076293101 Bachman Run U 2 Max -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

Min -- -- -- < .015 < .005 < .018 -- -- -- -- -- 

Numb -- -- -- 1 1 2 -- -- -- -- -- 

01573095 D 1 Max -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

Carbamazepine (OGRL)

Min -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Numb -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

01574050 Snitz Creek U 4 Max -- -- -- .016 .021 E(4) .025 -- -- -- -- -- 

Min -- -- -- < .015 < .005 < .018 -- -- -- -- -- 

Carbamazepine (NWQL)

Numb -- -- -- 1 2 2 -- -- -- -- -- 

01574055 D 8 Max E(1) .003 -- -- .053 -- E(1) .005 -- -- E(1) 0.007 -- -- 

Min < .024 -- -- < .015 -- < .018 -- -- < .028 -- -- Numb 1 -- -- 3 -- 1 -- -- 1 -- -- 

Ciprofloxacin

01575771 Little Chickies U 0 Max -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

Creek Min -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

Numb -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

015757724 D 4 Max E(1) .004 -- -- .018 -- E(1) .005 -- -- -- -- -- 

Codeine

Min < .024 -- -- < .015 -- < .018 -- -- -- -- -- 

Numb 1 -- -- 1 -- 1 -- -- -- -- -- 

01578349 Muddy Run U 0 Max -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

Min -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

Cotinine

Numb -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

015783492 D 3 Max E(1) .009 -- -- -- .005 -- -- -- E(1) .007 -- -- 

Min < .024 -- -- -- < .005 -- -- -- < .028 -- -- Numb 1 -- -- -- 1 -- -- -- 1 -- -- 

Dehydronifedipine

Diltiazem
Table 15. Concentration ranges of compounds with detections, numbers of seasonal samples with detections of specific compounds, and number of site.—Continued [Statistic: Max, maximum concentration; min, minimum concentration; Numb, number of seasonal samples having detections of the compound (for example, "4" indicates the cseasonal samples). --, no detections; <, less than; bolding indicates maximum concentration for project; shading indicates one or more detections (above minimum reporting leveE(1), concentration is below the long-term method detection limit (for information-rich methods only); E(2), the concentration is greater than or equal to the long-term method dminimum reporting level (lowest calibration standard is less than the minimum reporting level); E(3), the median long-term recovery of the compound is between 30 and 60 perction of long-term recoveries was greater than 25 percent; E(4), data are reported above the minimum reporting level, but there was a failure in some aspect of laboratory quality cry-spike or surrogate recoveries were low and the sample could not be re-analyzed)] Concentration, in micrograms per liter U.S. Geological Survey station Stream or Loca- Statis- identification well name tion tic number 

Number of compounds 

detected March-September

Wells in agricultural areas used to supply water to livestock

394643077043101 AD 653 - 0 Max -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

Min -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Numb -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

Acetaminophen

400610076282501 LN 2114 - 1 Max -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

Min -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Numb -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

Anhydro-erythromycin 

401712076235101 LB 1248 - 2 Max -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

Min -- --

(erythromycin-H

20)

-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

Numb -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

401920078130101 HU 426 - 1 Max -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

Azithromycin

Min -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

Numb -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

402052076160101 LB 1249 - 1 Max -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- E(2) 0.024 -- -- 

Min -- -- -- --

Caffeine

-- -- -- -- < .028 -- -- 

Numb -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 1 -- -- 

405931076555601 UN 205 - 0 Max -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

Min -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

Carbamazepine (OGRL)

-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

Carbamazepine (NWQL)

Ciprofloxacin

Codeine

Cotinine

Dehydronifedipine

Diltiazem
Table 15. Concentration ranges of compounds with detections, numbers of seasonal samples with detections of specific compounds, and number of site.—Continued[Statistic: Max, maximum concentration; min, minimum concentration; Numb, number of seasonal samples having detections of the compound (for example, "4" indicates the cseasonal samples). --, no detections; <, less than; bolding indicates maximum concentration for project; shading indicates one or more detections (above minimum reporting leveE(1), concentration is below the long-term method detection limit (for information-rich methods only); E(2), the concentration is greater than or equal to the long-term method dminimum reporting level (lowest calibration standard is less than the minimum reporting level); E(3), the median long-term recovery of the compound is between 30 and 60 perction of long-term recoveries was greater than 25 percent; E(4), data are reported above the minimum reporting level, but there was a failure in some aspect of laboratory quality cry-spike or surrogate recoveries were low and the sample could not be re-analyzed)]

Concentration, in micrograms per liter

U.S. Geological 

Survey station Stream or Loca- Statisidentification well name tion

Number of compounds tic number 

detected March-September

Stream sites upstream and downstream from municipal-wastewater effluents

01470857 Spring Creek U 0 Max -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

Min -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

Ofloxacin

Numb -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

01470858 D 12 Max 0.012 -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.212 0.148 E(2) 0.019 

Min < .005 -- -- -- -- -- -- < .024 < .005 < .020 

Oxytetracycline

Numb 3 -- -- -- -- -- -- 3 3 3 

015693155 Middle Spring U 0 Max -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

Creek Min -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

Numb -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

015693158 D 14 Max .032 -- -- E(3) 0.051 E(1) 0.005 -- -- .552 .766 .117 

P-Xanthine

Min .009 -- -- E(3) .007 < .014 -- -- < .027 .110 .023 

Numb 4 -- -- 4 2 -- -- 3 4 4 

01571193 Mountain U 1 Max -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

Creek Min -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

Ranitidine

Numb -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

01571195 D 6 Max .005 -- -- -- -- -- -- E(1) .006 .023 -- 

Min < .005 -- -- -- -- -- -- < .024 < .005 -- Numb 1 -- -- -- -- -- -- 1 1 -- 

01573151 Killinger Creek U 6 Max -- -- E(2) 0.019 -- -- -- -- E(2) .022 .013 -- 

Salbutamol

Min -- -- < .021 -- -- -- -- < .024 < .005 -- 

Numb -- -- 1 -- -- -- -- 1 1 -- 

01573153 D 20 Max .329 -- .853 E(3) .040 E(2) .012 .121 -- E(4) .218 1.34 .106 

Min .062 -- < .021 < .025 < .014 < .050 -- < .024 .042 < .020 

Sulfadiazine

Numb 4 -- 1 2 2 1 -- 2 4 2 

01574310 Conoy Creek1 U 4 Max -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

Min -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Numb -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

Sulfadimethoxine

01574314 D 4 Max -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

Min -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Numb -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

Sulfamethoxazole 

01576420 Lititz Run U 6 Max .006 0.038 -- -- -- -- -- -- .067 -- 

< .005 < .010 < .005 

(NWQL)

Min -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

Numb 1 1 -- -- -- -- -- -- 1 -- 

01576422 D 17 Max .069 .015 -- -- -- -- -- .262 .142 .060 

Sulfamethoxazole

Min .023 < .010 -- -- -- -- -- E(4) .030 .108 < .020 

4 1 4 4 3 

(OGRL)

Numb -- -- -- -- --

1The downstream site at Conoy Creek did not receive outflow from a wastewater-treatment plant.

Trimethoprim 

(NWQL)
Table 15. Concentration ranges of compounds with detections, numbers of seasonal samples with detections of specific compounds, and number of site.—Continued [Statistic: Max, maximum concentration; min, minimum concentration; Numb, number of seasonal samples having detections of the compound (for example, "4" indicates the cseasonal samples). --, no detections; <, less than; bolding indicates maximum concentration for project; shading indicates one or more detections (above minimum reporting leveE(1), concentration is below the long-term method detection limit (for information-rich methods only); E(2), the concentration is greater than or equal to the long-term method dminimum reporting level (lowest calibration standard is less than the minimum reporting level); E(3), the median long-term recovery of the compound is between 30 and 60 perction of long-term recoveries was greater than 25 percent; E(4), data are reported above the minimum reporting level, but there was a failure in some aspect of laboratory quality cry-spike or surrogate recoveries were low and the sample could not be re-analyzed)] Concentration, in micrograms per liter U.S. Geological Survey station Stream or Loca- Statis- identification well name tion tic number 

Number of compounds 

detected March-September

Stream sites upstream and downstream from animal-feeding operations

01569346 Three Square U 0 Max -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

Hollow Run Min -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

Numb -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

Ofloxacin

01569349 D 1 Max -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

Min -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Numb -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

01572146 Trout Run U 1 Max -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

Oxytetracycline

Min -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Numb -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

01572148 D 1 Max -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

Min -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

P-Xanthine

Numb -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

401704076293101 Bachman Run U 2 Max -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

Min -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Numb -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

Ranitidine

01573095 D 1 Max -- -- -- -- -- -- -- E(1) 0.008 -- -- 

Min -- -- -- -- -- -- -- < .024 -- -- Numb -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 1 -- -- 

01574050 Snitz Creek U 4 Max -- -- -- -- -- -- -- E(4) .039 0.157 -- 

Salbutamol

Min -- -- -- -- -- -- -- < .024 < .005 -- 

Numb -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 1 2 -- 

01574055 D 8 Max -- 0.019 -- -- -- -- 0.005 E(1) .006 .019 -- 

Min -- < 0.010 -- -- -- -- < .005 < .024 < .005 -- 

Sulfadiazine

Numb -- 1 -- -- -- -- 1 1 1 -- 

01575771 Little Chickies U 0 Max -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

Creek Min -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

Numb -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

Sulfadimethoxine

015757724 D 4 Max -- -- -- -- -- -- .026 -- -- -- 

Min -- -- -- -- -- -- < .005 -- -- -- Numb -- -- -- -- -- -- 1 -- -- -- 

01578349 Muddy Run U 0 Max -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

Sulfamethoxazole 

Min -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

(NWQL)

Numb -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

015783492 D 3 Max -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

Min -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

Sulfamethoxazole

Numb -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

(OGRL)

Trimethoprim 

(NWQL)

Tihi
Table 15. Concentration ranges of compounds with detections, numbers of seasonal samples with detections of specific compounds, and number of site.—Continued[Statistic: Max, maximum concentration; min, minimum concentration; Numb, number of seasonal samples having detections of the compound (for example, "4" indicates the cseasonal samples). --, no detections; <, less than; bolding indicates maximum concentration for project; shading indicates one or more detections (above minimum reporting leveE(1), concentration is below the long-term method detection limit (for information-rich methods only); E(2), the concentration is greater than or equal to the long-term method dminimum reporting level (lowest calibration standard is less than the minimum reporting level); E(3), the median long-term recovery of the compound is between 30 and 60 perction of long-term recoveries was greater than 25 percent; E(4), data are reported above the minimum reporting level, but there was a failure in some aspect of laboratory quality cry-spike or surrogate recoveries were low and the sample could not be re-analyzed)]

Concentration, in micrograms per liter

U.S. Geological 

Survey station Stream or Loca- Statisidentification well name tion

Number of compounds tic number 

detected March-September

Wells in agricultural areas used to supply water to livestock

394643077043101 AD 653 - 0 Max -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

Min --

Ofloxacin

-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

Numb -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

400610076282501 LN 2114 - 1 Max -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

Min -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Numb -- --

Oxytetracycline

-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

401712076235101 LB 1248 - 2 Max -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.006 -- 

Min -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- < .005 -- Numb -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 1 -- 

401920078130101 HU 426 - 1 Max -- -- --

P-Xanthine

-- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

Min -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Numb -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

402052076160101 LB 1249 - 1 Max -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

Min -- -- -- --

Ranitidine

-- -- -- -- -- -- 

Numb -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

405931076555601 UN 205 - 0 Max -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

Min -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Numb -- -- -- -- --

Salbutamol

-- -- -- -- -- 

Sulfadiazine

Sulfadimethoxine

Sulfamethoxazole 

(NWQL)

Sulfamethoxazole

(OGRL)

Trimethoprim 

(NWQL)

Tihi
38 Concentrations of Selected Pharmaceuticals and Antibiotics in South-Central Pennsylvania, March Through September 2006

Table 16. Summary of numbers of detections by season at stream-water sites sampled, south-central Pennsylvania, 2006.

[Compounds in italics were analyzed by both laboratories; shading indicates one or more detections (E-coded [estimated] or above minimum reporting level); E-coded 

values are greater than the method detection limit but less than the minimum reporting level and are coded as estimated because of lower precision; --, not available]

Method Minimum Number of detections

Analyte Number of 

1,2 samples

detection 

limit, 

in 

micrograms 

per liter

reporting 

level, 

in 

micrograms 

per liter

Streams receiving municipalwastewater effluent2

Streams receiving runoff from 

animal-feeding operations

Winter Spring Summer Fall Winter Spring Summer Fall

Compounds analyzed at the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory

Human and veterinary drugs 

Nonprescription pharmaceuticals

Acetaminophen 88 0.012 0.024 3 3 0 0 3 1 0 0

Caffeine 88 .008 .015 3 2 0 3 0 3 2 1

3,4 Para-xanthine 88 .010 .021 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Codeine 88 .011 .022 3 4 1 1 0 0 0 0

Cotinine 88 .014 .028 4 4 0 0 1 1 0 0

Diphenhydramine 88 .012 .023 4 4 3 2 0 0 1 0

Prescription pharmaceuticals 

Carbamazepine 88 .009 .018 4 4 4 5 0 2 1 3

Dehydronifedipine 88 .011 .022 1 1 0 2 0 0 0 0

Diltiazem 88 .009 .018 2 3 4 1 0 0 0 0

Fluoxetine 88 -- .016 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Ranitidine 88 -- .025 2 2 1 1 0 0 0 0

Salbutamol 88 .007 .014 1 2 1 0 0 0 0 0

Thiabendazole 88 .012 .025 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Warfarin 88 .009 .019 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0

Antibiotics

Sulfamethoxazole 88 .012 .024 2 3 4 5 0 0 0 3

Trimethoprim 88 .010 .020 4 4 3 1 0

oratory

0 0 0

Compounds analyzed at the U.S. Geological Survey Organic Geochemistry Research Lab

Macrolide antibiotics 

Azithromycin 88 -- .005 2 3 3 3 0 0 0 0

Erythromycin 88 -- .008 2 2 0 1 0 0 0 0

Erythromycin-H203 88 -- .008 4 4 2 2 0 0 0 0

Roxithromycin 88 -- .005 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Tylosin 88 -- .005 3 1 0 0 1 2 0 0

Virginiamycin 88 -- .005 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Quinoline antibiotics 

Ciprofloxacin 88 -- .005 2 1 1 3 0 0 0 0

Enrofloxacin 88 -- .005 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Lomefloxacin 88 -- .005 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Norfloxacin 88 -- .005 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Ofloxacin 88 -- .005 4 4 5 4 0 0 0 0

Sarafloxacin 88 -- .005 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Sulfonamide antibiotics 

Sulfachloropyridazine 88 -- .005 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Sulfadiazine 88 -- .050 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Sulfadimethoxine 88 -- .005 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1

Sulfamethazine 88 -- .005 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Sulfamethoxazole 88 -- .005 4 4 5 5 0 0 1 2

Sulfathiazole 88 -- .020 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Numbers of Detections of Compounds by Season 39

Table 16. Summary of numbers of detections by season at stream-water sites sampled, south-central Pennsylvania, 2006.—Continued

[Compounds in italics were analyzed by both laboratories; shading indicates one or more detections (E-coded [estimated] or above minimum reporting level); E-coded 

values are greater than the method detection limit but less than the minimum reporting level and are coded as estimated because of lower precision; --, not available]

Method Minimum Number of detections

detection reporting Streams receiving municipal- Streams receiving runoff from Number of limit, level, Analyte 1,2 wastewater effluent2 animal-feeding operations samples in in 

micrograms micrograms Winter Spring Summer Fall Winter Spring Summer Fall per liter per liter

Tetracycline antibiotics and degradation products 

Chlorotetracycline 88 -- 0.010 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Epi-chlorotetracycline (4-EC- 88 -- .010 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

tetracycline HCl)3

Epi-iso-chlorotetracycline (Iso-epi- 88 -- .010 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

chlorotetracycline)3

3 Iso-chlorotetracycline 88 -- .010 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Doxycycline 88 -- .010 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Oxytetracycline 88 -- .010 0 0 0 2 1 0 00

Epi-oxytetracycline (4-Epi- 88 -- .010 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

oxytetracycline)3

Tetracyclines 88 -- .010 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Epi-tetracycline (4-Epi-tetracycline 88 -- .010 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

HCl)3

Other antibiotics

Chloramphenicol 88 -- .050 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Lincomycin 88 -- .005 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Ormetoprim 88 -- .005 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Trimethoprim 88 -- .005 5 4 4 4 0 0 00

Pharmaceuticals

Carbamazepine 88 -- .005 4 5 4 6 0 1 2 1

Ibuprofen 88 -- .050 1 0 00 0 0 00

Number of pharmaceutical compounds detected 12 10 6 8 2 4 3 2

Number of antibiotic compounds detected 9 8 6 8 2 1 2 2

Total number of compounds detected 21 18 12 16 4 5 5 4

1

Twenty-two sites were sampled four times per year. 

2

Count does not include samples collected at upstream and downstream locations on Conoy Creek. The downstream site at Conoy Creek did not receive outflow from a 

wastewater-treatment plant.

3Degradation product. 

4

Para-xanthine also known as 1,7 dimethylxanthine.
40 Concentrations of Selected Pharmaceuticals and Antibiotics in South-Central Pennsylvania, March Through September 2006

Table 17. Summary of numbers of detections by season at well-water sites sampled, south-central Pennsylvania, 2006.

[Compounds in italics were analyzed by both laboratories; shading indicates one or more detections (E-coded [estimated] or above minimum reporting level); Ecoded values are greater than the method detection limit but less than the minimum reporting level and are coded as estimated because of lower precision; --, not 

available]

Analyte Number of 

samples 

Method 

detection limit, 

in micrograms 

per liter

Minimum 

reporting 

level, 

in micrograms 

per liter 

Number of detections

Winter Spring Summer Fall

Compounds analyzed at the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory

Human and veterinary drugs 

Nonprescription pharmaceuticals

Acetaminophen

Caffeine 1,2 Para-xanthine

Codeine

Cotinine

Diphenhydramine

24

24

24

24

24

24

0.012

.008

.010

.011

.014

.012

0.024

.015

.021

.022

.028

.023

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

1

0

0

0

0

1

0

Prescription pharmaceuticals 

Carbamazepine

Dehydronifedipine

Diltiazem

Fluoxetine

Ranitidine

Salbutamol

Thiabendazole

Warfarin

 24

24

24

24

24

24

24

24

.009

.011

.009

--

--

.007

.012

.009

.018

.022

.018

.016

.025

.014

.025

.019

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Antibiotics

Sulfamethoxazole

Trimethoprim

 24

24

.012

.010

.024

.020

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Compounds analyzed at the U.S. Geological Survey Organic Geochemistry Research Laboratory

Macrolide antibiotics 

Azithromycin

Erythromycin

Erythromycin-H201

Roxithromycin

Tylosin

Virginiamycin

24 -

24 -

24 -

24 -

24 -

24 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

.005

.008

.008

.005

.005

.005

0

0

0

0

2

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Quinoline antibiotics 

Ciprofloxacin

Enrofloxacin

Lomefloxacin

Norfloxacin

Ofloxacin

Sarafloxacin

24 -

24 -

24 -

24 -

24 -

24 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

.005

.005

.005

.005

.005

.005

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Sulfonamide antibiotics 

Sulfachloropyridazine

Sulfadiazine

Sulfadimethoxine

Sulfamethazine

Sulfamethoxazole

Sulfathiazole

24 -

24 -

24 -

24 -

 24 -

24 -

- .005

- .050

- .005

- .005

- .005

- .020

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

1

0
Numbers of Detections of Compounds by Season 41

Table 17. Summary of numbers of detections by season at well-water sites sampled, south-central Pennsylvania, 2006.—Continued

[Compounds in italics were analyzed by both laboratories; shading indicates one or more detections (E-coded [estimated] or above minimum reporting level); Ecoded values are greater than the method detection limit but less than the minimum reporting level and are coded as estimated because of lower precision; --, not 

available]

Analyte Number of 

samples 

Method 

detection limit, 

in micrograms 

per liter

Minimum 

reporting 

level, 

in micrograms 

per liter 

Number of detections

Winter Spring Summer Fall

Tetracycline antibiotics and degradation products 

Chlorotetracycline

Epi-chlorotetracycline (4-EC-tetracycline 

HCl)1

Epi-iso-chlorotetracycline (Iso-epichlorotetracycline)1

1 Iso-chlorotetracycline

Doxycycline

Oxytetracycline

Epi-oxytetracycline (4-Epi-oxytetracycline)1

Tetracyclines

Epi-tetracycline (4-Epi-tetracycline HCl)1

24

24

24

24

24

24

24

 24

24

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

0.010

.010

.010

.010

.010

.010

.010

.010

.010

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Other antibiotics

Chloramphenicol

Lincomycin

Ormetoprim

Trimethoprim

24

24

24

24

--

--

--

--

.050

.005

.005

.005

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Pharmaceuticals

Carbamazepine

Ibuprofen

Total number of pharmaceutical compounds detected

Total number of antibiotic compounds detected

Total number of compounds detected 

 24

24

--

--

.005

.050

0

0

0

1

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

1

0

1

0

0

1

1

2

1Degradation product. 

2Para-xanthine also known as 1,7 dimethylxanthine.
42 Concentrations of Selected Pharmaceuticals and Antibiotics in South-Central Pennsylvania, March Through September 2006

Summary

Data are presented for pharmaceuticals and antibiotics 

from 11 stream sites and 6 wells in 9 counties of south-central 

Pennsylvania. Five of the streams received municipal wastewater and 6 of the streams received runoff from agricultural areas 

containing animal-feeding operations. For all 11 streams, samples were collected at locations upstream and downstream of 

the wastewater effluents or animal-feeding operations. A sixth 

stream, Conoy Creek, was originally in the project design as a 

stream receiving municipal wastewater, but it was learned during the project that effluent from the municipal treatment plant 

is piped to the Susquehanna River and not discharged to Conoy 

Creek. For this reason, Conoy Creek data are presented only as 

a background site.

There were 120 environmental samples and 21 qualitycontrol samples analyzed for the study. Samples were collected 

one time at each site in March/April, May, July, and September 

2006. Samples were analyzed for 15 pharmaceutical and 31

antibiotic compounds. 

 In stream samples, 13 pharmaceuticals and 11 antibiotics 

were detected at least 1 time. Considering all detections as the 

assessment levels, carbamazepine was the most frequently 

detected pharmaceutical in streams receiving municipal-wastewater effluent and streams receiving runoff from animal-feeding operations, followed by caffeine and diphenhydramine. 

Caffeine and para-xanthine (a degradation product of caffeine) 

had the greatest concentrations of pharmaceutical compounds 

analyzed for the study, 4.75 μg/L and 0.853 μg/L, respectively. 

Sulfamethoxazole was the most frequently detected antibiotic 

followed by trimethoprim, ofloxacin, erythromycin-H20, and 

azithromycin. Azithromycin and sulfamethoxazole had the 

largest concentrations for antibiotic compounds, 1.65 μg/L and 

1.34 μg/L, respectively.

 Seventy-eight percent of all detections were analyzed in 

samples collected downstream from municipal-wastewater 

effluents. Detections of compounds collected at sites downstream, and in some cases upstream, from agricultural areas 

with animal-feeding operations were few. 

Four compounds were detected in wells used to supply 

livestock–two pharmaceuticals (cotinine and diphenhydramine) 

and two antibiotics (tylosin and sulfamethoxazole). There were 

five detections in all well samples–three wells had one detection, and one well had detections of two different compounds. 

The maximum concentration detected in well water was 

E(2) 0.024 μg/L for cotinine. 

Seasonal occurrence of pharmaceutical and antibiotic 

compounds in stream water varied by compound and site type. 

At five stream sites, several compounds were detected in all 

four seasonal samples. The Middle Spring Creek downstream 

location had the most compounds that were detected in every 

sample–nine compounds (four antibiotics, five pharmaceuticals). At other sites, pharmaceutical or antibiotic compounds 

were detected only one time in seasonal samples. Winter samples collected in streams receiving municipal-wastewater effluent had the greatest number (21) of compounds detected. 

Research analytical methods were used to determine concentrations for pharmaceuticals and antibiotics. To assist in 

evaluating the quality of the analyses, detailed information is 

presented on laboratory methodology and results from qualitycontrol samples. Quality-control data include results for nine 

blanks, nine duplicate-environmental sample pairs, and three 

laboratory-spiked environmental samples as well as recoveries 

of compounds in laboratory surrogates and laboratory reagent 

spikes. Quality-control data indicate that several issues should 

be considered when evaluating the reported data. 

1. Mean recoveries for the surrogate carbamazepine d-10 

decreased at sites downstream from municipalwastewater effluents, which may indicate matrix effects 

that could result in positive or negative bias in reported 

concentrations in one or more compounds. 

2. Results for fluoxetine (all non-detects), ranitidine, 

warfarin, and diltiazem are qualified because of low 

long-term mean recoveries in laboratory reagent spikes. 

3. Reported long-term mean recoveries of individual 

compounds analyzed at the USGS NWQL should be 

considered if interpreting results because there is the 

potential for the actual concentrations to be higher than 

reported. 

4. Because of close monitoring of laboratory-spiked 

environmental samples, surrogate standards, and the use 

of standard addition, none of the data from samples 

analyzed at the USGS OGRL will be qualified.

Acknowledgments

The cooperation of Robert Titler, and Arianne Proctor of 

the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection is 

gratefully acknowledged. Julie Dietze is acknowledged for 

graciously responding to inquiries throughout the course of the 

study. Jeffrey Bender, Heather Eggleston, David O’Brien, Mark 

Roland, Joanne Irvin, Dennis Low, John Nantz, and Linda Zarr 

of the USGS assisted with streamflow measurements, sample 

processing, or data management. Scott Hoffman of the USGS 

provided the Geographic Information System support. USGS 

reviewers Kevin Breen, Cherie Miller, Andrew Reif, Mark 

Burkhardt, and Stephen Werner offered valuable suggestions 

for improving the report. Finally, the authors wish to extend 

thanks to the landowners and wastewater treatment plant 

managers who graciously allowed access to the wells or 

streams.
References Cited 43

References Cited

Barnes, K.K., Kolpin, D.W., Furlong, E.T., Zaugg, S.D., 

Meyer, M.T., Barber, L.B., and Focazio, M.J., 2005, Studies 

examine contaminants—Pharmaceuticals, hormones, and 

other organic wastewater contaminants in ground water 

resources: National Driller Magazine, v. 26, no. 3, March 

2005, p. 38-39.

Blazer, V.S., Iwanowicz, L., and Iwanowicz, D., 2007, Endocrine disruption and fish health issues in the Chesapeake Bay 

Drainage: Presented at Society of Women Environmental 

Professionals conference, “Making Environmental Connections,” March 1, 2007, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania.

Buser, H.R., Poiger, T., and Muller, M.D., 1999, Occurrence 

and environmental behavior of the chiral pharmaceutical 

drug ibuprofen in surface waters and in wastewater:

Environmental Science and Technology, v. 33, p. 2529-2535.

Cahill, J.D., Furlong, E.T., Burkhardt, M.R., Kolpin, D.W., and 

Anderson, L.G., 2004, Determination of pharmaceutical 

compounds in surface- and well-water samples by solidphase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry: Journal of 

Chromatography A, v. 1041, p 171-180.

Childress, C.J.O., Foreman, W.T., Connor, B.F., and Maloney, 

T.J., 1999, New reporting procedures based on long-term 

method detection levels and some considerations for interpretations of water-quality data provided by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-193, 19 p.

Colker, R.M., and Day, R.D., 2006, Environmental impacts of 

emerging contaminants, executive summary: Renewable 

Resources Journal, v. 24, no. 1, p. 6-10.

Couper, F.J., and Logan, B.K., 2004, Drugs and human performance fact sheets - Diphenhydramine Fact Sheet: National 

Highway Traffic Safety Administration, accessed March 13, 

2007, at http://www.nhtsa.dot.gov/PEOPLE/injury/research/

job185drugs/diphenhydramine.htm.

Fono, L.J., Kolodziej, E.P., and Sedlak, D.L., 2006, Attenuation 

of wastewater-derived contaminants in an effluent-dominated river: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 36, 

no. 6, p. 7257-7262.

Goni-Urriza, M., Capdepuy, M., Arpin, C., Raymond, N., Caumette, P., and Quentin, C., 2000, Impact of an urban effluent 

on antibiotic resistance of riverine Enterobacteriaceae and 

Aeromonas spp.: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 

v. 66, p. 125-132.

Halling-Sorensen, B., Nors Nielsen, S., Lansky, P.F., Ingerslev, 

F., Holten Lutzhoft, H.C., and Jorgensen, S.E., 1998, Occurrence, fate, and effects of pharmaceutical substances in the 

environment—A review: Chemosphere, v. 36, no. 2, 

p. 357-393.

Harris, D.C., 2003, Quantitative chemical analysis (6th ed.):

New York, W.H. Freeman, 928 p.

Hinck, J.E., Blazer, V.S., Denslow, N.D., Gross, T.S., Echols, 

K.R., Davis, A.P., May, T.W., Orazio, C.E., Coyle, J.J., and 

Tillet, D.E., 2006, Biomonitoring of environmental status 

and trends program—Environmental contaminants, health 

indicators, and reproductive biomarkers in fish from the Colorado River Basin: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5163, 119 p.

Iguchi, T., Watanabe, H., and Katsu, Y., 2001, Developmental 

effects of estrogenic agents on mice, fish and frogs—A mini 

review: Hormonal Behavior, v. 40, p. 248-251. 

Kolpin, D.W., Furlong, E.T., Meyer, M.T., Thurman, E.M., 

Zaugg, S.D., Barber, L.B., and Buxton, H.T., 2002, Pharmaceuticals, hormones, and other organic wastewater contaminants in US streams, 1999-2000—A national reconnaissance: 

Environmental Science and Technology, v. 36, p. 1202-1211.

Long, P.W., 1995-2005, Drug monograph—Carbamazepine: 

Internet Mental Health, accessed March 13, 2007, at 

http://www.mentalhealth.com/drug/p30-t01.html.

Loraine, G.A., and Pettigrove, M.E., 2006, Seasonal variations 

in concentrations of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in drinking water and reclaimed wastewater in Southern 

California: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 40, 

no. 3, p. 687-695.

Maloney, T.J., 2005, Quality management system, U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality laboratory: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1263, version 1.3, 

November 9, 2005, chapters and appendixes variously paged, 

accessed June 21, 2007, at http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/

1263/.

Meyer, M.T., Lee, E.A., Ferrell, G.M., Bumgarner, J.E., and 

Varns, J., 2007, Evaluation of offline tandem and online 

solid-phase extraction with liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry for analysis of antibiotics in ambient water and comparison to an independent 

method: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations 

Report 2007-5021, 28 p.

Micromedex, Inc., 2006, Drugs & supplements, thiabendazole: 

accessed March 13, 2007, at http://www.mayoclinic.com/

health/drug-information/DR202559.

Rang, H.P., and Dale, M.M., 1991, Pharmacology (2nd ed.): 

London, Churchill Livingstone, 955 p.

Rantz, S.E., and others, 1982, Measurement and computation of 

streamflow: Volume 1: Measurement of stage and discharge. 

Volume 2: Computation of discharge: U.S. Geological 

Survey Water-Supply Paper 2175, 631 p.

Sando, S.K., Furlong, E.T., Meyer, M.T., and Bartholomay, 

R.C., 2005, Occurrence of organic wastewater compounds in 

wastewater effluent and the Big Souix River in the Upper Big 

Souix River Basin, South Dakota, 2003-2004: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5249, 

108 p.

Senior, L.A., and Cinotto, P.J., 2007, Effect of on-site wastewater disposal on quality of ground water and base flow—A 

pilot study in Chester County, southeastern Pennsylvania, 

2005: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1253, 

50 p.
44 Concentrations of Selected Pharmaceuticals and Antibiotics in South-Central Pennsylvania, March Through September 2006

Stackleberg, P.E., Furlong, E.T., Meyer, M.T., Zaugg, S.D., 

Henderson, A.K., and Reissman, D.B., 2004, Persistence of 

pharmaceutical compounds and other organic wastewater 

contaminants in a conventional drinking-water treatment 

plant: Science of the Total Environment, v. 329, p. 99-113.

U.S. Census Bureau, 2006, Statistics for industry groups and 

industries: 2005 Annual survey of manufactures: Economics 

and Statistics Administration, November 2006, 202 p. plus 

appendices A – F.

U.S. Geological Survey, variously dated, National field manual 

for the collection of water quality data: U.S. Geological 

Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations, book 

9, chaps. A1-A9, available online at 

http://pubs.water.usgs.gov/twri9A.

U.S. Geological Survey, 2006, Target compounds for national 

reconnaissance of emerging contaminants in US Streams: 

accessed March 13, 2007, at http://toxics.usgs.gov/regional/

contaminants.html .

Wilde, F.D., ed., April 2004, Cleaning of equipment for water 

sampling (ver. 2.0): U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of 

Water-Resources Investigations, book 9, chap. A3, accessed 

August 9, 2007, at http://pubs.water.usgs.gov/twri9A3/.

Wilde, F.D., Radtke, D.B., Gibs, Jacob, and Iwatsubo, R.T., 

eds., September 1999, Collection of water samples: U.S. 

Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations, book 9, chap. A4, accessed August 7, 2007, at 

http://pubs.water.usgs.gov/twri9A4/.

Wilde, F.D., Radtke, D.B., Gibs, Jacob, and Iwatsubo, R.T., 

eds., April 2004, Processing of water samples (version 2.1): 

U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources 

Investigations, book 9, chap. A5, accessed March 15, 2007, 

at http://pubs.water.usgs.gov/twri9A5/ (Separate updates for 

5.6.1.F, “Wastewater, pharmaceutical, and antibiotic compounds” are provided on the Web page.)

Woodling, J.D., Lopez, E.M., Maldonado, T.A., Norris, D.O., 

and Vajda, A.M., 2006, Intersex and other reproductive disruption of fish in wastewater effluent dominated Colorado 

streams: Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part C, 

v. 144, p. 10-15.
Table 6 45

Table 6. Field chemistry and conditions, pharmaceutical, and antibiotic data, March to September 2006. 

[Compounds are listed alphabetically; shading indicates duplicate samples, duplicate samples are paired with bolded samples collected on the same day and sent 

to the same laboratory; time offset of one minute used to separate NWQL data from OGRL data for environmental samples collected at the same site on the same 

day; ft3

/s, cubic feet per second; mm Hg, millimeters of mercury; mg/L, milligrams per liter; NWQL, National Water Quality Laboratory; OGRL, Organic 

Geochemistry Research Laboratory; μS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius; °C, degrees Celsius; μg/L, micrograms per liter; fltrd, filtered; 

<, less than; E(1), concentration is below the long-term method detection limit (for information-rich methods only); E(2), concentration is greater than or equal to 

the long-term method detection limit but less than the minimum reporting level (lowest calibration standard is less than the minimum reporting level); E(3), the 

median long-term recovery of the compound is between 30 and 60 percent or the relative standard deviation of long-term recoveries was greater than 25 percent; 

E(4), if data are reported above the minimum reporting level, but there was a failure in some aspect of lab quality control (for example, the laboratory-spike or surrogate recoveries were low and the sample could not be re-analyzed)]
46 Concentrations of Selected Pharmaceuticals and Antibiotics in South-Central Pennsylvania, March Through September 2006

Station 

number

Station 

name Date Time

Agency

analyzing 

sample

Instantaneous 

discharge 

(ft3

/s) 

(P00061)

Barometric 

pressure 

(mm HG) 

(00025)

Dissolved 

oxygen 

(mg/L)

(00300)

01470857 Spring Creek near Wernersville, Pa. 20060306 1130 NWQL 29 755 14.6

01470857 Spring Creek near Wernersville, Pa. 20060306 1131 OGRL 29 755 14.6

01470857 Spring Creek near Wernersville, Pa. 20060508 1215 NWQL 20 758 11.5

01470857 Spring Creek near Wernersville, Pa. 20060508 1216 OGRL 20 758 11.5

01470857 Spring Creek near Wernersville, Pa. 20060720 1130 NWQL 31 — 9.2

01470857 Spring Creek near Wernersville, Pa. 20060720 1131 OGRL 31 — 9.2

01470857 Spring Creek near Wernersville, Pa. 20060918 1235 NWQL 30 754 9.5

01470857 Spring Creek near Wernersville, Pa. 20060918 1236 OGRL 30 754 9.5

01470858 Spring Creek near Brownsville, Pa. 20060306 1300 NWQL 25 754 15.0

01470858 Spring Creek near Brownsville, Pa. 20060306 1301 OGRL 25 754 15.0

01470858 Spring Creek near Brownsville, Pa. 20060508 1100 NWQL 25 — 11.3

01470858 Spring Creek near Brownsville, Pa. 20060508 1101 OGRL 25 — 11.3

01470858 Spring Creek near Brownsville, Pa. 20060720 1030 NWQL 33 — 9.0

01470858 Spring Creek near Brownsville, Pa. 20060720 1031 OGRL 33 — 9.0

01470858 Spring Creek near Brownsville, Pa. 20060918 1120 NWQL 31 758 9.5

01470858 Spring Creek near Brownsville, Pa. 20060918 1121 OGRL 31 758 9.5

01470858 Spring Creek near Brownsville, Pa. 20060918 1125 NWQL — — —

01470858 Spring Creek near Brownsville, Pa. 20060918 1126 OGRL — — —

015693155 Middle Spring Creek at College at Shippensburg, Pa. 20060313 1100 NWQL 12 — 13.1

015693155 Middle Spring Creek at College at Shippensburg, Pa. 20060313 1101 OGRL 12 — 13.1

015693155 Middle Spring Creek at College at Shippensburg, Pa. 20060510 1145 NWQL 8.3 745 11.7

015693155 Middle Spring Creek at College at Shippensburg, Pa. 20060510 1146 OGRL 8.3 745 11.7

015693155 Middle Spring Creek at College at Shippensburg, Pa. 20060706 1130 NWQL 25 747 10.7

015693155 Middle Spring Creek at College at Shippensburg, Pa. 20060706 1135 OGRL 25 747 10.7

015693155 Middle Spring Creek at College at Shippensburg, Pa. 20060919 1020 NWQL 8.0 743 9.1

015693155 Middle Spring Creek at College at Shippensburg, Pa. 20060919 1021 OGRL 8.0 743 9.1

015693158 Middle Spring Cr ab Burd Run bl Shippensburg, Pa. 20060313 1300 NWQL 14 740 14.3

015693158 Middle Spring Cr ab Burd Run bl Shippensburg, Pa. 20060313 1301 OGRL 14 740 14.3

015693158 Middle Spring Cr ab Burd Run bl Shippensburg, Pa. 20060510 1030 NWQL 11 744 11.3

015693158 Middle Spring Cr ab Burd Run bl Shippensburg, Pa. 20060510 1031 OGRL 11 744 11.3

015693158 Middle Spring Cr ab Burd Run bl Shippensburg, Pa. 20060510 1036 OGRL — — —

015693158 Middle Spring Cr ab Burd Run bl Shippensburg, Pa. 20060706 1020 NWQL 30 746 10.3

015693158 Middle Spring Cr ab Burd Run bl Shippensburg, Pa. 20060706 1025 OGRL 30 746 10.3

015693158 Middle Spring Cr ab Burd Run bl Shippensburg, Pa. 20060706 1030 NWQL — — —

015693158 Middle Spring Cr ab Burd Run bl Shippensburg, Pa. 20060706 1035 OGRL — — —

015693158 Middle Spring Cr ab Burd Run bl Shippensburg, Pa. 20060919 1200 NWQL 11 743 8.9

015693158 Middle Spring Cr ab Burd Run bl Shippensburg, Pa. 20060919 1201 OGRL 11 743 8.9

01571193 Mountain Creek at Mill Street at Mt Holly Springs, Pa. 20060405 1600 NWQL 37 — 13.8

01571193 Mountain Creek at Mill Street at Mt Holly Springs, Pa. 20060405 1601 OGRL 37 — 13.8

01571193 Mountain Creek at Mill Street at Mt Holly Springs, Pa. 20060516 1210 NWQL 132 740 10.7

01571193 Mountain Creek at Mill Street at Mt Holly Springs, Pa. 20060516 1211 OGRL 132 740 10.7

01571193 Mountain Creek at Mill Street at Mt Holly Springs, Pa. 20060726 1500 NWQL 33 748 8.6

01571193 Mountain Creek at Mill Street at Mt Holly Springs, Pa. 20060726 1501 OGRL 33 748 8.6
Table 6 47

Station 

number

Station 

name Date Time

Agency

analyzing 

sample

Instantaneous 

discharge 

(ft3

/s) 

(P00061)

Barometric 

pressure 

(mm HG) 

(00025)

Dissolved 

oxygen 

(mg/L)

(00300)

01571193 Mountain Creek at Mill Street at Mt Holly Springs, Pa. 20060905 1105 NWQL 24 754 9.5

01571193 Mountain Creek at Mill Street at Mt Holly Springs, Pa. 20060905 1106 OGRL 24 754 9.5

01571195 Mountain Creek at Mt Zion at Mt Holly Springs, Pa. 20060405 1800 NWQL 40 — 13.2

01571195 Mountain Creek at Mt Zion at Mt Holly Springs, Pa. 20060405 1801 OGRL 40 — 13.2

01571195 Mountain Creek at Mt Zion at Mt Holly Springs, Pa. 20060516 1050 NWQL 147 741 10.8

01571195 Mountain Creek at Mt Zion at Mt Holly Springs, Pa. 20060516 1051 OGRL 147 741 10.8

01571195 Mountain Creek at Mt Zion at Mt Holly Springs, Pa. 20060726 1600 NWQL 32 748 8.8

01571195 Mountain Creek at Mt Zion at Mt Holly Springs, Pa. 20060726 1601 OGRL 32 748 8.8

01571195 Mountain Creek at Mt Zion at Mt Holly Springs, Pa. 20060905 0950 NWQL 24 754 9.3

01571195 Mountain Creek at Mt Zion at Mt Holly Springs, Pa. 20060905 0951 OGRL 24 754 9.3

01573151 Killinger Creek US Treatment Plant nr Annville, Pa. 20060307 1415 NWQL 5.1 757 17.1

01573151 Killinger Creek US Treatment Plant nr Annville, Pa. 20060307 1416 OGRL 5.1 757 17.1

01573151 Killinger Creek US Treatment Plant nr Annville, Pa. 20060503 1040 NWQL .73 751 9.9

01573151 Killinger Creek US Treatment Plant nr Annville, Pa. 20060503 1041 OGRL .73 751 9.9

01573151 Killinger Creek US Treatment Plant nr Annville, Pa. 20060719 1110 NWQL 21 757 9.7

01573151 Killinger Creek US Treatment Plant nr Annville, Pa. 20060719 1111 OGRL 21 757 9.7

01573151 Killinger Creek US Treatment Plant nr Annville, Pa. 20060913 1100 NWQL .39 758 10.7

01573151

01573153

01573153

Killinger Creek US Treatment Plant nr Annville, Pa.

Killinger Creek DS Treatment Plant nr Annville, Pa.

Killinger Creek DS Treatment Plant nr Annville, Pa.

20060913

20060307

20060307

1101

1230

1231

OGRL

NWQL

OGRL

.39

6.1

6.1

758

759

759

10.7

14.7

14.7

01573153 Killinger Creek DS Treatment Plant nr Annville, Pa. 20060307 1235 NWQL — — —

01573153 Killinger Creek DS Treatment Plant nr Annville, Pa. 20060307 1236 OGRL — — —

01573153 Killinger Creek DS Treatment Plant nr Annville, Pa. 20060503 0940 NWQL 2.3 751 6.5

01573153 Killinger Creek DS Treatment Plant nr Annville, Pa. 20060503 0941 OGRL 2.3 751 6.5

01573153 Killinger Creek DS Treatment Plant nr Annville, Pa. 20060719 1010 NWQL 31 758 8.8

01573153 Killinger Creek DS Treatment Plant nr Annville, Pa. 20060719 1011 OGRL 31 758 8.8

01573153 Killinger Creek DS Treatment Plant nr Annville, Pa. 20060913 0950 NWQL 1.6 758 7.0

01573153 Killinger Creek DS Treatment Plant nr Annville, Pa. 20060913 0951 OGRL 1.6 758 7.0

01574310 Conoy Creek near Elizabethtown, Pa. 20060301 1600 NWQL 4.7 — 17.4

01574310 Conoy Creek near Elizabethtown, Pa. 20060301 1601 OGRL 4.7 — 17.4

01574310 Conoy Creek near Elizabethtown, Pa. 20060501 0940 NWQL 4.0 761 10.4

01574310 Conoy Creek near Elizabethtown, Pa. 20060501 0941 OGRL 4.0 761 10.4

01574310 Conoy Creek near Elizabethtown, Pa. 20060705 1420 NWQL 14 748 7.9

01574310 Conoy Creek near Elizabethtown, Pa. 20060705 1425 OGRL 14 748 7.9

01574310 Conoy Creek near Elizabethtown, Pa. 20060906 1200 NWQL 2.5 757 9.0

01574310 Conoy Creek near Elizabethtown, Pa. 20060906 1201 OGRL 2.5 757 9.0

01574314 Conoy Creek near Stacktown, Pa. 20060301 1500 NWQL 6.6 — 16.4

01574314

01574314

01574314

Conoy Creek near Stacktown, Pa.

Conoy Creek near Stacktown, Pa.

Conoy Creek near Stacktown, Pa.

20060301

20060501

20060501

1501

1035

1036

OGRL

NWQL

OGRL

6.6

4.5

4.5

—

762

762

16.4

12.5

12.5

01574314 Conoy Creek near Stacktown, Pa. 20060501 1037 NWQL — — —

01574314 Conoy Creek near Stacktown, Pa. 20060501 1038 OGRL — — —

01574314 Conoy Creek near Stacktown, Pa. 20060705 1310 NWQL 22 749 8.1

01574314 Conoy Creek near Stacktown, Pa. 20060705 1315 OGRL 22 749 8.1

01574314 Conoy Creek near Stacktown, Pa. 20060906 1300 NWQL 2.6 757 9.6

01574314 Conoy Creek near Stacktown, Pa. 20060906 1301 OGRL 2.6 757 9.6
48 Concentrations of Selected Pharmaceuticals and Antibiotics in South-Central Pennsylvania, March Through September 2006

Station 

number

Station 

name Date Time

Agency

analyzing 

sample

Instantaneous 

discharge 

(ft3

/s) 

(P00061)

Barometric 

pressure 

(mm HG) 

(00025)

Dissolved 

oxygen 

(mg/L)

(00300)

01576420 Lititz Run at Lititz, Pa. 20060306 1600 NWQL 16 753 11

01576420 Lititz Run at Lititz, Pa. 20060306 1601 OGRL 16 753 11.0

01576420 Lititz Run at Lititz, Pa. 20060522 1150 NWQL 7.8 753 10.8

01576420 Lititz Run at Lititz, Pa. 20060522 1151 OGRL 7.8 753 10.8

01576420 Lititz Run at Lititz, Pa. 20060717 1150 NWQL 27 754 9.7

01576420 Lititz Run at Lititz, Pa. 20060717 1151 OGRL 27 754 9.7

01576420 Lititz Run at Lititz, Pa. 20060911 1100 NWQL 7.6 766 9.1

01576420 Lititz Run at Lititz, Pa. 20060911 1101 OGRL 7.6 766 9.1

01576422 Lititz Run at Rothsville, Pa. 20060306 1730 NWQL 26 753 —

01576422 Lititz Run at Rothsville, Pa. 20060306 1731 OGRL 26 753 —

01576422 Lititz Run at Rothsville, Pa. 20060522 1025 NWQL 17 754 11.6

01576422 Lititz Run at Rothsville, Pa. 20060522 1026 OGRL 17 754 11.6

01576422 Lititz Run at Rothsville, Pa. 20060717 1030 NWQL 35 755 9.7

01576422 Lititz Run at Rothsville, Pa. 20060717 1031 OGRL 35 755 9.7

01576422 Lititz Run at Rothsville, Pa. 20060911 1205 NWQL 14 767 9.5

01576422 Lititz Run at Rothsville, Pa. 20060911 1206 OGRL 14 767 9.5

01569346 Three Square Hollow Run ab Turnpike nr Newburg, Pa. 20060405 1300 NWQL 1.0 — 10.9

01569346 Three Square Hollow Run ab Turnpike nr Newburg, Pa. 20060405 1301 OGRL 1.0 — 10.9

01569346 Three Square Hollow Run ab Turnpike nr Newburg, Pa. 20060523 1115 NWQL 2.2 745 11.4

01569346 Three Square Hollow Run ab Turnpike nr Newburg, Pa. 20060523 1116 OGRL 2.2 745 11.4

01569346 Three Square Hollow Run ab Turnpike nr Newburg, Pa. 20060726 1045 NWQL 1.2 743 8.1

01569346 Three Square Hollow Run ab Turnpike nr Newburg, Pa. 20060726 1046 OGRL 1.2 743 8.1

01569346 Three Square Hollow Run ab Turnpike nr Newburg, Pa. 20060927 0955 NWQL .38 743 9.6

01569346 Three Square Hollow Run ab Turnpike nr Newburg, Pa. 20060927 0956 OGRL .38 743 9.6

01569349 Three Square Hollow Run bl Turnpike nr Newburg, Pa. 20060405 1130 NWQL 5.5 — 12.5

01569349 Three Square Hollow Run bl Turnpike nr Newburg, Pa. 20060405 1131 OGRL 5.5 — 12.5

01569349 Three Square Hollow Run bl Turnpike nr Newburg, Pa. 20060523 1000 NWQL 7.9 753 12.0

01569349 Three Square Hollow Run bl Turnpike nr Newburg, Pa. 20060523 1001 OGRL 7.9 753 12.0

01569349 Three Square Hollow Run bl Turnpike nr Newburg, Pa. 20060726 1245 NWQL 3.3 749 8.8

01569349 Three Square Hollow Run bl Turnpike nr Newburg, Pa. 20060726 1246 OGRL 3.3 749 8.8

01569349 Three Square Hollow Run bl Turnpike nr Newburg, Pa. 20060927 1100 NWQL .53 750 10.6

01569349 Three Square Hollow Run bl Turnpike nr Newburg, Pa. 20060927 1101 OGRL .53 750 10.6

01572146 Trout Run near Ft. Indiantown Gap, Pa. 20060320 1200 NWQL 1.2 748 15.0

01572146 Trout Run near Ft. Indiantown Gap, Pa. 20060320 1201 OGRL 1.2 748 15.0

01572146 Trout Run near Ft. Indiantown Gap, Pa. 20060518 1145 NWQL 2.3 734 10.6

01572146 Trout Run near Ft. Indiantown Gap, Pa. 20060518 1146 OGRL 2.3 734 10.6

01572146 Trout Run near Ft. Indiantown Gap, Pa. 20060731 1015 NWQL .8 745 8.4

01572146 Trout Run near Ft. Indiantown Gap, Pa. 20060731 1016 OGRL .8 745 8.4

01572146 Trout Run near Ft. Indiantown Gap, Pa. 20060926 0945 NWQL .3 748 10.3

01572146 Trout Run near Ft. Indiantown Gap, Pa. 20060926 0946 OGRL .3 748 10.3

01572148 Trout Run at Scout Camp near Green Point, Pa. 20060320 1445 NWQL 3.3 750 14.9

01572148 Trout Run at Scout Camp near Green Point, Pa. 20060320 1446 OGRL 3.3 750 14.9

01572148 Trout Run at Scout Camp near Green Point, Pa. 20060518 1030 NWQL 6.2 736 10.5

01572148 Trout Run at Scout Camp near Green Point, Pa. 20060518 1031 OGRL 6.2 736 10.5

01572148 Trout Run at Scout Camp near Green Point, Pa. 20060731 1110 NWQL 3.2 — 7.4

01572148 Trout Run at Scout Camp near Green Point, Pa. 20060731 1111 OGRL 3.2 — 7.4
Table 6 49

Station 

number

Station 

name Date Time

Agency

analyzing 

sample

Instantaneous 

discharge 

(ft3

/s) 

(P00061)

Barometric 

pressure 

(mm HG) 

(00025)

Dissolved 

oxygen 

(mg/L)

(00300)

01572148 Trout Run at Scout Camp near Green Point, Pa. 20060926 1055 NWQL 1.5 750 9.2

01572148 Trout Run at Scout Camp near Green Point, Pa. 20060926 1056 OGRL 1.5 750 9.2

401704076293101 Bachman Run at Fontana, Pa. 20060315 1145 NWQL 4.4 748 14.1

401704076293101 Bachman Run at Fontana, Pa. 20060315 1146 OGRL 4.4 748 14.1

401704076293101 Bachman Run at Fontana, Pa. 20060503 1345 NWQL 3.6 748 8.0

401704076293101 Bachman Run at Fontana, Pa. 20060503 1346 OGRL 3.6 748 8.0

401704076293101 Bachman Run at Fontana, Pa. 20060719 1430 NWQL 5.9 754 9.5

401704076293101 Bachman Run at Fontana, Pa. 20060719 1431 OGRL 5.9 754 9.5

401704076293101 Bachman Run at Fontana, Pa. 20060913 1400 NWQL 3.4 755 9.4

401704076293101 Bachman Run at Fontana, Pa. 20060913 1401 OGRL 3.4 755 9.4

01573095 Bachman Run at Annville, Pa. 20060315 1030 NWQL 11 750 13.1

01573095 Bachman Run at Annville, Pa. 20060315 1031 OGRL 11 750 13.1

01573095 Bachman Run at Annville, Pa. 20060503 1245 NWQL 9.5 750 9.4

01573095 Bachman Run at Annville, Pa. 20060503 1246 OGRL 9.5 750 9.4

01573095 Bachman Run at Annville, Pa. 20060719 1330 NWQL 20 756 12.0

01573095 Bachman Run at Annville, Pa. 20060719 1331 OGRL 20 756 12.0

01573095 Bachman Run at Annville, Pa. 20060913 1305 NWQL 7.1 757 9.7

01573095 Bachman Run at Annville, Pa. 20060913 1306 OGRL 7.1 757 9.7

01574050 Snitz Creek near Falmouth, Pa. 20060316 1030 NWQL .57 753 14.5

01574050 Snitz Creek near Falmouth, Pa. 20060316 1031 OGRL .57 753 14.5

01574050 Snitz Creek near Falmouth, Pa. 20060501 1350 NWQL .28 759 12.3

01574050 Snitz Creek near Falmouth, Pa. 20060501 1351 OGRL .28 759 12.3

01574050 Snitz Creek near Falmouth, Pa. 20060705 1045 NWQL .85 747 7.1

01574050 Snitz Creek near Falmouth, Pa. 20060705 1050 OGRL .85 747 7.1

01574050 Snitz Creek near Falmouth, Pa. 20060906 1030 NWQL .22 756 7.7

01574050 Snitz Creek near Falmouth, Pa. 20060906 1031 OGRL .22 756 7.7

01574055 Snitz Creek near Bainbridge, Pa. 20060316 1130 NWQL 1.3 — 16.4

01574055 Snitz Creek near Bainbridge, Pa. 20060316 1131 OGRL 1.3 — 16.4

01574055 Snitz Creek near Bainbridge, Pa. 20060501 1245 NWQL .86 761 11.2

01574055 Snitz Creek near Bainbridge, Pa. 20060501 1246 OGRL .86 761 11.2

01574055 Snitz Creek near Bainbridge, Pa. 20060705 1145 NWQL 1.8 749 8.5

01574055 Snitz Creek near Bainbridge, Pa. 20060705 1150 OGRL 1.8 749 8.5

01574055 Snitz Creek near Bainbridge, Pa. 20060906 0925 NWQL .43 756 8.2

01574055 Snitz Creek near Bainbridge, Pa. 20060906 0926 OGRL .43 756 8.2

01575771 L Chickies Cr at Camp Road nr Mastersonville, Pa. 20060322 1000 NWQL .40 747 15.5

01575771 L Chickies Cr at Camp Road nr Mastersonville, Pa. 20060322 1001 OGRL .40 747 15.5

01575771 L Chickies Cr at Camp Road nr Mastersonville, Pa. 20060515 1055 NWQL .67 746 9.8

01575771 L Chickies Cr at Camp Road nr Mastersonville, Pa. 20060515 1056 OGRL .67 746 9.8

01575771 L Chickies Cr at Camp Road nr Mastersonville, Pa. 20060717 1410 NWQL .42 750 7.6

01575771 L Chickies Cr at Camp Road nr Mastersonville, Pa. 20060717 1411 OGRL .42 750 7.6

01575771 L Chickies Cr at Camp Road nr Mastersonville, Pa. 20060911 1450 NWQL .09 — 9.1

01575771 L Chickies Cr at Camp Road nr Mastersonville, Pa. 20060911 1451 OGRL .09 — 9.1

015757724 Little Chickies Cr at E-town road nr Milton Grove, Pa. 20060322 1100 NWQL 5.0 752 19.6

015757724 Little Chickies Cr at E-town road nr Milton Grove, Pa. 20060322 1101 OGRL 5.0 752 19.6

015757724 Little Chickies Cr at E-town road nr Milton Grove, Pa. 20060515 0915 NWQL 4.5 749 9.5

015757724 Little Chickies Cr at E-town road nr Milton Grove, Pa. 20060515 0916 OGRL 4.5 749 9.5
50 Concentrations of Selected Pharmaceuticals and Antibiotics in South-Central Pennsylvania, March Through September 2006

Station 

number

Station 

name Date Time

Agency

analyzing 

sample

Instantaneous 

discharge 

(ft3

/s) 

(P00061)

Barometric 

pressure 

(mm HG) 

(00025)

Dissolved 

oxygen 

(mg/L)

(00300)

015757724 Little Chickies Cr at E-town road nr Milton Grove, Pa. 20060717 1310 NWQL 7.1 751 11.0

015757724 Little Chickies Cr at E-town road nr Milton Grove, Pa. 20060717 1311 OGRL 7.1 751 11.0

015757724 Little Chickies Cr at E-town road nr Milton Grove, Pa. 20060911 1550 NWQL 1.7 764 11.4

015757724 Little Chickies Cr at E-town road nr Milton Grove, Pa. 20060911 1551 OGRL 1.7 764 11.4

01578349

01578349

01578349

01578349

01578349

01578349

01578349

01578349

015783492

015783492

015783492

015783492

015783492

015783492

015783492

015783492

394643077043101

Muddy Run at Cochranville near Parkesburg, Pa.

Muddy Run at Cochranville near Parkesburg, Pa.

Muddy Run at Cochranville near Parkesburg, Pa.

Muddy Run at Cochranville near Parkesburg, Pa.

Muddy Run at Cochranville near Parkesburg, Pa.

Muddy Run at Cochranville near Parkesburg, Pa.

Muddy Run at Cochranville near Parkesburg, Pa.

Muddy Run at Cochranville near Parkesburg, Pa.

Muddy Run at Glennville near Parkesburg, Pa.

Muddy Run at Glennville near Parkesburg, Pa.

Muddy Run at Glennville near Parkesburg, Pa.

Muddy Run at Glennville near Parkesburg, Pa.

Muddy Run at Glennville near Parkesburg, Pa.

Muddy Run at Glennville near Parkesburg, Pa.

Muddy Run at Glennville near Parkesburg, Pa.

Muddy Run at Glennville near Parkesburg, Pa.

AD 653

20060314

20060314

20060511

20060511

20060718

20060718

20060912

20060912

20060314

20060314

20060511

20060511

20060718

20060718

20060912

20060912

20060309

1145

1146

1110

1111

1250

1251

1215

1216

1400

1401

1010

1011

1115

1116

1115

1116

1230

NWQL

OGRL

NWQL

OGRL

NWQL

OGRL

NWQL

OGRL

NWQL

OGRL

NWQL

OGRL

NWQL

OGRL

NWQL

OGRL

NWQL

.39

.39

.19

.19

.35

.35

.11

.11

2.7

2.7

1.6

1.6

5.2

5.2

1.3

1.3

—

—

—

744

744

748

748

758

758

742

742

746

746

750

750

762

762

742

10.9

10.9

9.5

9.5

8.4

8.4

8.8

8.8

9.8

9.8

8.1

8.1

6.4

6.4

7.7

7.7

6.5

394643077043101 AD 653 20060309 1231 OGRL — 742 6.5

394643077043101

394643077043101

AD 653

AD 653

20060504

20060504

1110

1111

NWQL

OGRL

—

—

746

746

6.2

6.2

394643077043101 AD 653 20060504 1112 NWQL — — —

394643077043101 AD 653 20060504 1113 OGRL — — —

394643077043101 AD 653 20060710 1125 NWQL — 748 6.2

394643077043101 AD 653 20060710 1130 OGRL — 748 6.2

394643077043101 AD 653 20060925 1055 NWQL — 745 6.6

394643077043101 AD 653 20060925 1056 OGRL — 745 6.6

400610076282501 LN 2114 20060406 1030 NWQL — 752 8.3

400610076282501 LN 2114 20060406 1031 OGRL — 752 8.3

400610076282501

400610076282501

LN 2114

LN 2114

20060515

20060515

1315

1316

NWQL

OGRL

—

—

751

751

7.9

7.9

400610076282501 LN 2114 20060515 1317 NWQL — — —

400610076282501 LN 2114 20060515 1318 OGRL — — —

400610076282501 LN 2114 20060713 1100 NWQL — 751 8.9

400610076282501 LN 2114 20060713 1101 OGRL — 751 8.9

400610076282501

400610076282501

LN 2114

LN 2114

20060907

20060907

1100

1101

NWQL

OGRL

—

—

760

760

8.1

8.1

400610076282501 LN 2114 20060907 1105 NWQL — — —

400610076282501 LN 2114 20060907 1106 OGRL — — —

401712076235101 LB 1248 20060403 1415 NWQL — — 4.3

401712076235101 LB 1248 20060403 1416 OGRL — — 4.3

401712076235101 LB 1248 20060517 1410 NWQL — 737 4.0

401712076235101 LB 1248 20060517 1411 OGRL — 737 4.0
Table 6 51

Station 

number

Station 

name Date Time

Agency

analyzing 

sample

Instantaneous 

discharge 

(ft3

/s) 

(P00061)

Barometric 

pressure 

(mm HG) 

(00025)

Dissolved 

oxygen 

(mg/L)

(00300)

401712076235101 LB 1248 20060712 1355 NWQL — 748 3.6

401712076235101 LB 1248 20060712 1400 OGRL — 748 3.6

401712076235101 LB 1248 20060920 1400 NWQL — 743 4.1

401712076235101 LB 1248 20060920 1401 OGRL — 743 4.1

401920078130101 HU 426 20060329 1300 NWQL — 744 .1

401920078130101 HU 426 20060329 1301 OGRL — 744 .1

401920078130101 HU 426 20060509 1400 NWQL — 738 .1

401920078130101 HU 426 20060509 1401 OGRL — 738 .1

401920078130101 HU 426 20060725 1250 NWQL — 740 .1

401920078130101 HU 426 20060725 1251 OGRL — 740 .1

401920078130101 HU 426 20060914 1230 NWQL — 739 .2

401920078130101 HU 426 20060914 1231 OGRL — 739 .2

402052076160101 LB 1249 20060403 1130 NWQL — — 8.8

402052076160101 LB 1249 20060403 1131 OGRL — — 8.8

402052076160101 LB 1249 20060517 1135 NWQL — 741 8.9

402052076160101 LB 1249 20060517 1136 OGRL — 741 8.9

402052076160101 LB 1249 20060712 1140 NWQL — 752 8.9

402052076160101 LB 1249 20060712 1145 OGRL — 752 8.9

402052076160101 LB 1249 20060920 1050 NWQL — 745 8.4

402052076160101 LB 1249 20060920 1051 OGRL — 745 8.4

405931076555601 UN 205 20060323 1140 NWQL — — 1.4

405931076555601 UN 205 20060323 1141 OGRL — — 1.4

405931076555601 UN 205 20060502 1140 NWQL — 750 1.4

405931076555601 UN 205 20060502 1141 OGRL — 750 1.4

405931076555601 UN 205 20060711 1150 NWQL — 751 1.0

405931076555601 UN 205 20060711 1155 OGRL — 751 1.0

405931076555601 UN 205 20060711 1200 NWQL — — —

405931076555601 UN 205 20060711 1205 OGRL — — —

405931076555601 UN 205 20060921 1215 NWQL — 752 .7

405931076555601 UN 205 20060921 1216 OGRL — 752 .7
52 Concentrations of Selected Pharmaceuticals and Antibiotics in South-Central Pennsylvania, March Through September 2006

Station 

number Date Time

Dissolved 

oxygen

(percent

saturation) 

(00301)

pH, 

water, 

unfiltered, 

field

(standard 

units) 

(00400)

Specific 

conductance, 

water, 

unfiltered 

(μS/cm °C)

(00095)

Temperature, 

air

(°C)

(00020)

Temperature, 

water

(°C)

(00010)

4-Epichlortetracycline 

hydrochloride, 

water, 

fltrd 

(μg/L) 

(63731)

4-Epioxytetracycline 

water, 

fltrd 

(μg/L) 

(63729)

4-Epitetracycline 

hydrochloride, 

water, fltrd 

(μg/L)

(63727)

01470857 20060306 1130 118 8.2 352 — 6.0 — — —

01470857 20060306 1131 118 8.2 352 — 6.0 < 0.010 < 0.010 < 0.010

01470857 20060508 1215 110 8.1 345 19.0 13.5 — — —

01470857 20060508 1216 110 8.1 345 19.0 13.5 < .010 < .010 < .010

01470857 20060720 1130 97 7.9 359 — 17.9 — — —

01470857 20060720 1131 97 7.9 359 — 17.9 < .010 < .010 < .010

01470857 20060918 1235 97 8.0 368 22.5 16.2 — — —

01470857 20060918 1236 97 8.0 368 22.5 16.2 < .010 < .010 < .010

01470858 20060306 1300 125 8.3 363 — 7.6 — — —

01470858 20060306 1301 125 8.3 363 — 7.6 < .010 < .010 < .010

01470858 20060508 1100 108 7.7 365 — 12.8 — — —

01470858 20060508 1101 108 7.7 365 — 12.8 < .010 < .010 < .010

01470858 20060720 1030 94 7.8 378 — 17.9 — — —

01470858 20060720 1031 94 7.8 378 — 17.9 < .010 < .010 < .010

01470858 20060918 1120 96 7.9 385 22.0 15.8 — — —

01470858 20060918 1121 96 7.9 385 22.0 15.8 < .010 < .010 < .010

01470858 20060918 1125 — — — — — — — —

01470858 20060918 1126 — — — — — < .010 < .010 < .010

015693155 20060313 1100 123 8.2 433 — 12.4 — — —

015693155 20060313 1101 123 8.2 433 — 12.4 < .010 < .010 < .010

015693155 20060510 1145 114 8.1 424 31.5 13.4 — — —

015693155 20060510 1146 114 8.1 424 31.5 13.4 < .010 < .010 < .010

015693155 20060706 1130 107 7.7 336 25.0 15.5 — — —

015693155 20060706 1135 107 7.7 336 25.0 15.5 < .010 < .010 < .010

015693155 20060919 1020 88 8.2 444 21.0 13.9 — — —

015693155 20060919 1021 88 8.2 444 21.0 13.9 < .010 < .010 < .010

015693158 20060313 1300 141 8.3 521 — 14.6 — — —

015693158 20060313 1301 141 8.3 521 — 14.6 < .010 < .010 < .010

015693158 20060510 1030 108 7.8 633 26.0 13.4 — — —

015693158 20060510 1031 108 7.8 633 26.0 13.4 < .010 < .010 < .010

015693158 20060510 1036 — — — — — < .010 < .010 < .010

015693158 20060706 1020 105 7.3 434 22.0 15.9 — — —

015693158 20060706 1025 105 7.3 434 22.0 15.9 < .010 < .010 < .010

015693158 20060706 1030 — — — — — — — —

015693158 20060706 1035 — — — — — < .010 < .010 < .010

015693158 20060919 1200 91 8.2 582 20.5 16.1 — — —

015693158 20060919 1201 91 8.2 582 20.5 16.1 < .010 < .010 < .010

01571193 20060405 1600 126 8.6 96 — 11.4 — — —

01571193 20060405 1601 126 8.6 96 — 11.4 < .010 < .010 < .010

01571193 20060516 1210 100 6.8 57 15.0 12.6 — — —

01571193 20060516 1211 100 6.8 57 15.0 12.6 < .010 < .010 < .010

01571193 20060726 1500 96 8.0 97 28.5 20.9 — — —

01571193 20060726 1501 96 8.0 97 28.5 20.9 < .010 < .010 < .010
Table 6 53

Station 

number Date Time

Dissolved 

oxygen

(percent

saturation) 

(00301)

pH, 

water, 

unfiltered, 

field

(standard 

units) 

(00400)

Specific 

conductance, 

water, 

unfiltered 

(μS/cm °C)

(00095)

Temperature, 

air

(°C)

(00020)

Temperature, 

water

(°C)

(00010)

4-Epichlortetracycline 

hydrochloride, 

water, 

fltrd 

(μg/L) 

(63731)

4-Epioxytetracycline 

water, 

fltrd 

(μg/L) 

(63729)

4-Epitetracycline 

hydrochloride, 

water, fltrd 

(μg/L)

(63727)

01571193 20060905 1105 96 7.8 113 17.0 16.0 — — —

01571193 20060905 1106 96 7.8 113 17.0 16.0 < 0.010 < 0.010 < 0.010

01571195 20060405 1800 121 8.6 103 — 11.2 — — —

01571195 20060405 1801 121 8.6 103 — 11.2 < .010 < .010 < .010

01571195 20060516 1050 101 6.7 57 15.5 12.2 — — —

01571195 20060516 1051 101 6.7 57 15.5 12.2 < .010 < .010 < .010

01571195 20060726 1600 100 8.3 107 28.0 21.4 — — —

01571195 20060726 1601 100 8.3 107 28.0 21.4 < .010 < .010 < .010

01571195 20060905 0950 94 7.8 120 17.0 16.2 — — —

01571195 20060905 0951 94 7.8 120 17.0 16.2 < .010 < .010 < .010

01573151 20060307 1415 160 8.8 482 — 12.3 — — —

01573151 20060307 1416 160 8.8 482 — 12.3 < .010 < .010 < .010

01573151 20060503 1040 96 8.5 505 19.0 13.6 — — —

01573151 20060503 1041 96 8.5 505 19.0 13.6 < .010 < .010 < .010

01573151 20060719 1110 106 7.8 410 25.0 19.3 — — —

01573151 20060719 1111 106 7.8 410 25.0 19.3 < .010 < .010 < .010

01573151 20060913 1100 102 8.2 532 15.0 13.6 — — —

01573151

01573153

01573153

20060913

20060307

20060307

1101

1230

1231

102

135

135

8.2

8.2

8.2

532

693

693

15.0

—

—

13.6

11.4

11.4

< .010

—

< .010

< .010

—

< .010

< .010

—

< .010

01573153 20060307 1235 — — — — — — — —

01573153 20060307 1236 — — — — — < .010 < .010 < .010

01573153 20060503 0940 69 7.7 895 18.0 17.3 — — —

01573153 20060503 0941 69 7.7 895 18.0 17.3 < .010 < .010 < .010

01573153 20060719 1010 96 7.7 438 23.5 19.3 — — —

01573153 20060719 1011 96 7.7 438 23.5 19.3 < .010 < .010 < .010

01573153

01573153

01574310

20060913

20060913

20060301

0950

0951

1600

82

82

140

7.4

7.4

9.0

1,020

1,020

389

16.0

16.0

—

22.8

22.8

6.4

—

< .010

—

—

< .010

—

—

< .010

—

01574310 20060301 1601 140 9.0 389 — 6.4 < .010 < .010 < .010

01574310 20060501 0940 96 7.7 389 15.0 11.8 — — —

01574310 20060501 0941 96 7.7 389 15.0 11.8 < .010 < .010 < .010

01574310 20060705 1420 90 7.7 275 25.5 22.3 — — —

01574310 20060705 1425 90 7.7 275 25.5 22.3 < .010 < .010 < .010

01574310 20060906 1200 97 8.3 387 — 18.9 — — —

01574310 20060906 1201 97 8.3 387 — 18.9 < .010 < .010 < .010

01574314 20060301 1500 141 8.9 391 — 8.5 — — —

01574314

01574314

01574314

20060301

20060501

20060501

1501

1035

1036

141

120

120

8.9

8.0

8.0

391

392

392

—

16.0

16.0

8.5

13.9

13.9

< .010

—

< .010

< .010

—

< .010

< .010

—

< .010

01574314 20060501 1037 — — — — — — — —

01574314 20060501 1038 — — — — — < .010 < .010 < .010

01574314 20060705 1310 94 7.7 222 24.5 22.7 — — —

01574314 20060705 1315 94 7.7 222 24.5 22.7 < .010 < .010 < .010

01574314 20060906 1300 108 8.5 392 25.0 21.3 — — —

01574314 20060906 1301 108 8.5 392 25.0 21.3 < .010 < .010 < .010
54 Concentrations of Selected Pharmaceuticals and Antibiotics in South-Central Pennsylvania, March Through September 2006

pH, Specific 4-Epichlor- 4-Epioxy- 4-EpitetraDissolved water, conduc- Temper- Temper- tetracycline tetra- cycline 

Station 

number Date Time

oxygen

(percent

saturation) 

unfiltered, 

field

(standard 

tance, 

water, 

unfiltered 

ature, 

air

(°C)

ature, 

water

(°C)

hydrochloride, 

water, 

fltrd 

cycline 

water, 

fltrd 

hydrochloride, 

water, fltrd 

(00301) units) (μS/cm °C) (00020) (00010) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L)

(00400) (00095) (63731) (63729) (63727)

01576420 20060306 1600 104 7.7 696 — 12.5 — — —

01576420 20060306 1601 104 7.7 696 — 12.5 < 0.010 < 0.010 < 0.010

01576420 20060522 1150 104 7.6 700 16.0 13.6 — — —

01576420 20060522 1151 104 7.6 700 16.0 13.6 < .010 < .010 < .010

01576420 20060717 1150 98 7.5 677 30.0 16.0 — — —

01576420 20060717 1151 98 7.5 677 30.0 16.0 < .010 < .010 < .010

01576420 20060911 1100 88 7.4 740 16.0 14.1 — — —

01576420 20060911 1101 88 7.4 740 16.0 14.1 < .010 < .010 < .010

01576422 20060306 1730 — 7.7 840 — 11.7 — — —

01576422 20060306 1731 — 7.7 840 — 11.7 < .010 < .010 < .010

01576422 20060522 1025 111 7.5 1,110 14.5 13.5 — — —

01576422 20060522 1026 111 7.5 1,110 14.5 13.5 < .010 < .010 < .010

01576422 20060717 1030 99 7.3 859 29.0 16.5 — — —

01576422 20060717 1031 99 7.3 859 29.0 16.5 < .010 < .010 < .010

01576422 20060911 1205 98 7.7 1,150 18.5 16.8 — — —

01576422 20060911 1206 98 7.7 1,150 18.5 16.8 < .010 < .010 < .010

01569346 20060405 1300 94 7.5 41 — 8.6 — — —

01569346 20060405 1301 94 7.5 41 — 8.6 < .010 < .010 < .010

01569346 20060523 1115 98 6.5 35 14.0 9.6 — — —

01569346 20060523 1116 98 6.5 35 14.0 9.6 < .010 < .010 < .010

01569346 20060726 1045 87 7.5 38 21.5 18.7 — — —

01569346 20060726 1046 87 7.5 38 21.5 18.7 < .010 < .010 < .010

01569346 20060927 0955 92 5.3 38 16.0 13.9 — — —

01569346 20060927 0956 92 5.3 38 16.0 13.9 < .010 < .010 < .010

01569349 20060405 1130 104 8.0 90 — 7.4 — — —

01569349 20060405 1131 104 8.0 90 — 7.4 < .010 < .010 < .010

01569349 20060523 1000 107 7.4 66 13.0 10.2 — — —

01569349 20060523 1001 107 7.4 66 13.0 10.2 < .010 < .010 < .010

01569349 20060726 1245 104 8.0 84 28.5 23.4 — — —

01569349 20060726 1246 104 8.0 84 28.5 23.4 < .010 < .010 < .010

01569349 20060927 1100 100 7.2 109 17.0 12.5 — — —

01569349 20060927 1101 100 7.2 109 17.0 12.5 < .010 < .010 < .010

01572146 20060320 1200 114 8.4 29 — 3.7 — — —

01572146 20060320 1201 114 8.4 29 — 3.7 .010 < .010 < .010

01572146 20060518 1145 96 6.6 28 17.0 10.9 — — —

01572146 20060518 1146 96 6.6 28 17.0 10.9 .010 < .010 < .010

01572146 20060731 1015 89 — 36 — 18.0 — — —

01572146 20060731 1016 89 — 36 — 18.0 .010 < .010 < .010

01572146 20060926 0945 96 4.8 36 15.0 12.2 — — —

01572146 20060926 0946 96 4.8 36 15.0 12.2 .010 < .010 < .010

01572148 20060320 1445 120 7.6 40 — 6.3 — — —

01572148 20060320 1446 120 7.6 40 — 6.3 .010 < .010 < .010

01572148 20060518 1030 98 6.6 38 18.0 12.3 — — —

01572148 20060518 1031 98 6.6 38 18.0 12.3 .010 < .010 < .010

01572148 20060731 1110 85 — 52 — 22.8 — — —

01572148 20060731 1111 85 — 52 — 22.8 .010 < .010 < .010
Table 6 55

pH, Specific 4-Epichlor- 4-Epioxy- 4-EpitetraDissolved water, conduc- Temper- Temper- tetracycline tetra- cycline 

Station 

number Date Time

oxygen

(percent

saturation) 

unfiltered, 

field

(standard 

tance, 

water, 

unfiltered 

ature, 

air

(°C)

ature, 

water

(°C)

hydrochloride, 

water, 

fltrd 

cycline 

water, 

fltrd 

hydrochloride, 

water, fltrd 

(00301) units) (μS/cm °C) (00020) (00010) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L)

(00400) (00095) (63731) (63729) (63727)

01572148 20060926 1055 91 7.1 52 16.5 15.0 — — —

01572148 20060926 1056 91 7.1 52 16.5 15.0 0.010 < 0.010 < 0.010

401704076293101 20060315 1145 122 8.1 534 — 8.9 — — —

401704076293101 20060315 1146 122 8.1 534 — 8.9 < .010 < .010 < .010

401704076293101 20060503 1345 80 8.0 514 25.5 15.6 — — —

401704076293101 20060503 1346 80 8.0 514 25.5 15.6 < .010 < .010 < .010

401704076293101 20060719 1430 98 7.8 502 29.5 16.7 — — —

401704076293101 20060719 1431 98 7.8 502 29.5 16.7 < .010 < .010 < .010

401704076293101 20060913 1400 89 7.8 574 15.0 12.8 — — —

401704076293101 20060913 1401 89 7.8 574 15.0 12.8 < .010 < .010 < .010

01573095 20060315 1030 113 7.9 607 — 8.3 — — —

01573095 20060315 1031 113 7.9 607 — 8.3 < .010 < .010 < .010

01573095 20060503 1245 93 8.2 587 26.5 15.1 — — —

01573095 20060503 1246 93 8.2 587 26.5 15.1 < .010 < .010 < .010

01573095 20060719 1330 123 7.8 588 26.5 16.7 — — —

01573095 20060719 1331 123 7.8 588 26.5 16.7 < .010 < .010 < .010

01573095 20060913 1305 91 7.8 614 14.0 12.4 — — —

01573095 20060913 1306 91 7.8 614 14.0 12.4 < .010 < .010 < .010

01574050 20060316 1030 115 6.5 308 — 5.6 — — —

01574050 20060316 1031 115 6.5 308 — 5.6 < .010 < .010 < .010

01574050 20060501 1350 118 8.2 313 24.0 13.5 — — —

01574050 20060501 1351 118 8.2 313 24.0 13.5 < .010 < .010 < .010

01574050 20060705 1045 80 7.5 344 21.5 20.0 — — —

01574050 20060705 1050 80 7.5 344 21.5 20.0 < .010 < .010 < .010

01574050 20060906 1030 80 8.1 402 18.0 17.0 — — —

01574050 20060906 1031 80 8.1 402 18.0 17.0 < .010 < .010 < .010

01574055 20060316 1130 130 8.1 312 — 5.7 — — —

01574055 20060316 1131 130 8.1 312 — 5.7 < .010 < .010 < .010

01574055 20060501 1245 106 7.7 323 30.0 13.0 — — —

01574055 20060501 1246 106 7.7 323 30.0 13.0 < .010 < .010 < .010

01574055 20060705 1145 91 7.3 342 22.0 18.6 — — —

01574055 20060705 1150 91 7.3 342 22.0 18.6 < .010 < .010 < .010

01574055 20060906 0925 85 8.0 367 18.0 — — — —

01574055 20060906 0926 85 8.0 367 18.0 16.6 < .010 < .010 < .010

01575771 20060322 1000 121 7.7 248 — 5.0 — — —

01575771 20060322 1001 121 7.7 248 — 5.0 < .010 < .010 < .010

01575771 20060515 1055 90 7.3 247 10.0 11.8 — — —

01575771 20060515 1056 90 7.3 247 10.0 11.8 < .010 < .010 < .010

01575771 20060717 1410 86 7.4 238 31.0 21.3 — — —

01575771 20060717 1411 86 7.4 238 31.0 21.3 < .010 < .010 < .010

01575771 20060911 1450 93 7.6 242 — 16.2 — — —

01575771 20060911 1451 93 7.6 242 — 16.2 < .010 < .010 < .010

015757724 20060322 1100 150 8.8 279 — 4.2 — — —

015757724 20060322 1101 150 8.8 279 — 4.2 < .010 < .010 < .010

015757724 20060515 0915 90 7.0 280 10.0 12.9 — — —

015757724 20060515 0916 90 7.0 280 10.0 12.9 < .010 < .010 < .010
56 Concentrations of Selected Pharmaceuticals and Antibiotics in South-Central Pennsylvania, March Through September 2006

Station 

number Date Time

Dissolved 

oxygen

(percent

saturation) 

(00301)

pH, 

water, 

unfiltered, 

field

(standard 

units) 

(00400)

Specific 

conductance, 

water, 

unfiltered 

(μS/cm °C)

(00095)

Temperature, 

air

(°C)

(00020)

Temperature, 

water

(°C)

(00010)

4-Epichlortetracycline 

hydrochloride, 

water, 

fltrd 

(μg/L) 

(63731)

4-Epioxytetracycline 

water, 

fltrd 

(μg/L) 

(63729)

4-Epitetracycline 

hydrochloride, 

water, fltrd 

(μg/L)

(63727)

015757724 20060717 1310 136 8.8 292 34.0 — — — —

015757724 20060717 1311 136 8.8 292 34.0 26.0 < 0.010 < 0.010 < 0.010

015757724 20060911 1550 124 8.7 306 19.5 19.1 — — —

015757724 20060911 1551 124 8.7 306 19.5 19.1 < .010 < .010 < .010

01578349 20060314 1145 100 6.7 205 — 11.5 — — —

01578349 20060314 1146 100 6.7 205 — 11.5 < .010 < .010 < .010

01578349 20060511 1110 88 6.7 196 22.0 12.4 — — —

01578349 20060511 1111 88 6.7 196 22.0 12.4 < .010 < .010 < .010

01578349 20060718 1250 88 6.5 200 30.0 17.6 — — —

01578349 20060718 1251 88 6.5 200 30.0 17.6 < .010 < .010 < .010

01578349 20060912 1215 85 6.9 197 22.0 14.0 — — —

01578349 20060912 1216 85 6.9 197 22.0 14.0 < .010 < .010 < .010

015783492 20060314 1400 98 7.4 262 — 15.4 — — —

015783492 20060314 1401 98 7.4 262 — 15.4 < .010 < .010 < .010

015783492 20060511 1010 86 7.6 239 23.0 18.4 — — —

015783492 20060511 1011 86 7.6 239 23.0 18.4 < .010 < .010 < .010

015783492 20060718 1115 83 7.4 246 33.0 28.6 — — —

015783492 20060718 1116 83 7.4 246 33.0 28.6 < .010 < .010 < .010

015783492 20060912 1115 83 7.6 250 19.5 19.1 — — —

015783492 20060912 1116 83 7.6 250 19.5 19.1 < .010 < .010 < .010

394643077043101 20060309 1230 61 7.2 542 — 11.9 — — —

394643077043101

394643077043101

394643077043101

20060309

20060504

20060504

1231

1110

1111

61

59

59

7.2

7.3

7.3

542

496

496

—

22.0

22.0

11.9

12.8

12.8

< .010

—

< .010

< .010

—

< .010

< .010

—

< .010

394643077043101 20060504 1112 — — — — — — — —

394643077043101 20060504 1113 — — — — — < .010 < .010 < .010

394643077043101 20060710 1125 60 7.0 526 28.0 12.9 — — —

394643077043101 20060710 1130 60 7.0 526 28.0 12.9 < .010 < .010 < .010

394643077043101 20060925 1055 67 7.4 514 17.0 12.7 — — —

394643077043101 20060925 1056 67 7.4 514 17.0 12.7 < .010 < .010 < .010

400610076282501 20060406 1030 77 7.2 544 — 12.5 — — —

400610076282501

400610076282501

400610076282501

20060406

20060515

20060515

1031

1315

1316

77

75

75

7.2

7.2

7.2

544

553

553

—

13.0

13.0

12.5

12.8

12.8

< .010

—

< .010

< .010

—

< .010

< .010

—

< .010

400610076282501 20060515 1317 — — — — — — — —

400610076282501 20060515 1318 — — — — — < .010 < .010 < .010

400610076282501 20060713 1100 86 6.6 546 26.5 13.2 — — —

400610076282501

400610076282501

400610076282501

20060713

20060907

20060907

1101

1100

1101

86

78

78

6.6

7.8

7.8

546

552

552

26.5

23.5

23.5

13.2

13.3

13.3

< .010

—

< .010

< .010

—

< .010

< .010

—

< .010

400610076282501 20060907 1105 — — — — — — — —

400610076282501 20060907 1106 — — — — — < .010 < .010 < .010

401712076235101 20060403 1415 — 7.2 695 — 11.8 — — —

401712076235101 20060403 1416 — 7.2 695 — 11.8 < .010 < .010 < .010

401712076235101 20060517 1410 38 7.3 673 19.5 11.8 — — —

401712076235101 20060517 1411 38 7.3 673 19.5 11.8 < .010 < .010 < .010
Table 6 57

pH, Specific 4-Epichlor- 4-Epioxy- 4-EpitetraDissolved water, conduc- Temper- Temper- tetracycline tetra- cycline 

Station 

number Date Time

oxygen

(percent

saturation) 

unfiltered, 

field

(standard 

tance, 

water, 

unfiltered 

ature, 

air

(°C)

ature, 

water

(°C)

hydrochloride, 

water, 

fltrd 

cycline 

water, 

fltrd 

hydrochloride, 

water, fltrd 

(00301) units) (μS/cm °C) (00020) (00010) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L)

(00400) (00095) (63731) (63729) (63727)

401712076235101 20060712 1355 34 7.0 704 32.0 12.1 — — —

401712076235101 20060712 1400 34 7.0 704 32.0 12.1 < 0.010 < 0.010 < 0.010

401712076235101 20060920 1400 38 7.3 713 18.5 11.8 — — —

401712076235101 20060920 1401 38 7.3 713 18.5 11.8 < .010 < .010 < .010

401920078130101 20060329 1300 1 7.5 464 — 11.8 — — —

401920078130101 20060329 1301 1 7.5 464 — 11.8 < .010 < .010 < .010

401920078130101 20060509 1400 1 7.5 440 19.5 11.9 — — —

401920078130101 20060509 1401 1 7.5 440 19.5 11.9 < .010 < .010 < .010

401920078130101 20060725 1250 1 — 503 28.5 12.0 — — —

401920078130101 20060725 1251 1 — 503 28.5 12.0 < .010 < .010 < .010

401920078130101 20060914 1230 2 7.5 507 20.7 12.0 — — —

401920078130101 20060914 1231 2 7.5 507 20.7 12.0 < .010 < .010 < .010

402052076160101 20060403 1130 — 7.2 616 — 11.3 — — —

402052076160101 20060403 1131 — 7.2 616 — 11.3 < .010 < .010 < .010

402052076160101 20060517 1135 82 7.1 616 — 11.6 — — —

402052076160101 20060517 1136 82 7.1 616 — 11.6 < .010 < .010 < .010

402052076160101 20060712 1140 84 6.9 650 30.0 12.1 — — —

402052076160101 20060712 1145 84 6.9 650 30.0 12.1 < .010 < .010 < .010

402052076160101 20060920 1050 80 7.3 649 17.0 11.7 — — —

402052076160101 20060920 1051 80 7.3 649 17.0 11.7 < .010 < .010 < .010

405931076555601 20060323 1140 — 7.0 791 — 12.1 — — —

405931076555601 20060323 1141 — 7.0 791 — 12.1 < .010 < .010 < .010

405931076555601 20060502 1140 14 6.9 665 18.0 13.1 — — —

405931076555601 20060502 1141 14 6.9 665 18.0 13.1 < .010 < .010 < .010

405931076555601 20060711 1150 10 6.9 815 30.0 14.3 — — —

405931076555601 20060711 1155 10 6.9 815 30.0 14.3 < .010 < .010 < .010

405931076555601 20060711 1200 — — — — — — — —

405931076555601 20060711 1205 — — — — — < .010 < .010 < .010

405931076555601 20060921 1215 7 7.2 864 19.5 13.2 — — —

405931076555601 20060921 1216 7 7.2 864 19.5 13.2 < .010 < .010 < .010
58 Concentrations of Selected Pharmaceuticals and Antibiotics in South-Central Pennsylvania, March Through September 2006

Station 

number Date Time

Acetaminophen, 

water, 

fltrd 

(μg/L) 

(62000)

Anhydroerthromycin, 

water,

fltrd

(μg/L)

(63674)

Azithromycin, 

water,

fltrd

(μg/L) 

(62792)

Caffeine, 

water,

fltrd 

(μg/L) 

(50305)

Carbamazepine, 

water, 

fltrd

(μg/L) 

(62793)

Carbamazepine-d10, 

surrogate, 

pharmaceutical 

method, water, 

fltrd, percent 

recovery 

(90797)1

Chloramphenicol, 

water, 

fltrd 

(μg/L)

(65194)

Chlorotetracycline, 

water,

fltrd 

(μg/L)

(61744)

01470857 20060306 1130 < 0.024 — — < 0.015 < 0.018 99.4 — —

01470857 20060306 1131 — < 0.008 < 0.005 — < .005 — < 0.050 < 0.010

01470857 20060508 1215 < .024 — — < .015 < .018 111 — —

01470857 20060508 1216 — < .008 < .005 — < .005 — < .050 < .010

01470857 20060720 1130 < .024 — — < .015 < .018 77.3 — —

01470857 20060720 1131 — < .008 < .005 — < .005 — < .050 < .010

01470857 20060918 1235 < .024 — — < .015 < .018 105 — —

01470857 20060918 1236 — < .008 < .005 — < .005 — < .050 < .010

01470858

01470858

20060306

20060306

1300

1301

E(1) .007

—

—

< .008

—

< .005

.018

—

E(2) .013

< .005

93.8

—

—

< .050

—

< .010

01470858 20060508 1100 < .024 — — .021 .019 105 — —

01470858 20060508 1101 — .016 < .005 — .026 — < .050 < .010

01470858

01470858

20060720

20060720

1030

1031

< .024

—

—

< .008

—

< .005

< .015

—

E(1) .008

.011

89.1

—

—

< .050

—

< .010

01470858 20060918 1120 < .024 — — .022 < .018 116 — —

01470858 20060918 1121 — < .008 .031 — .014 — < .050 < .010

01470858 20060918 1125 < .024 — — .025 E .019 132 — —

01470858 20060918 1126 — < .008 .035 — .015 — < .050 < .010

015693155 20060313 1100 < .024 — — < .015 < .018 106 — —

015693155 20060313 1101 — < .008 < .005 — < .005 — < .050 < .010

015693155 20060510 1145 < .024 — — < .015 < .018 109 — —

015693155 20060510 1146 — < .008 < .005 — < .005 — < .050 < .010

015693155 20060706 1130 < .024 — — < .015 < .018 86 — —

015693155 20060706 1135 — < .008 < .005 — < .005 — < .050 < .010

015693155 20060919 1020 < .024 — — < .015 < .018 106 — —

015693155 20060919 1021 — < .008 < .005 — < .005 — < .050 < .010

015693158 20060313 1300 < .024 — — < .015 .116 87.1 — —

015693158 20060313 1301 — .061 1.510 — .112 — < .050 < .010

015693158

015693158

20060510

20060510

1030

1031

E(1) .008

—

—

.081

—

1.650

< .025

—

.108

.152

68.6

—

—

< .050

—

< .010

015693158 20060510 1036 — .068 1.280 — .151 — < .050 < .010

015693158 20060706 1020 < .024 — — < .015 .050 68.3 — —

015693158 20060706 1025 — < .008 .078 — .086 — < .050 < .010

015693158 20060706 1030 < .024 — — < .015 .051 71.6 — —

015693158 20060706 1035 — < .008 .014 — .090 — < .050 < .010

015693158 20060919 1200 < .024 — — < .015 .130 79.2 — —

015693158 20060919 1201 — .027 .315 — .138 — < .050 < .010

01571193 20060405 1600 < .024 — — < .015 < .018 E 104 — —

01571193 20060405 1601 — < .008 < .005 — < .005 — < .050 < .010

01571193 20060516 1210 < .024 — — < .015 < .018 83.7 — —

01571193 20060516 1211 — < .008 < .005 — < .005 — < .050 < .010

01571193 20060726 1500 < .024 — — < .015 < .018 93.4 — —

01571193 20060726 1501 — < .008 < .005 — < .005 — < .050 < .010

1

For recoveries of surrogate compounds, an “E” designation indicates either (1) there was 

continuing calibration verification sample values fell outside the limits of compliance. 

a potential interference with recovery, or (2) one or both of the two 
Table 6 59

Station 

number Date Time

Acetaminophen, 

water, 

fltrd 

(μg/L) 

(62000)

Anhydroerthromycin, 

water,

fltrd

(μg/L)

(63674)

Azithromycin, 

water,

fltrd

(μg/L) 

(62792)

Caffeine, 

water,

fltrd 

(μg/L) 

(50305)

Carbamazepine, 

water, 

fltrd

(μg/L) 

(62793)

Carbamazepine-d10, 

surrogate, 

pharmaceutical 

method, water, 

fltrd, percent 

recovery 

(90797)1

Chloramphenicol, 

water, 

fltrd 

(μg/L)

(65194)

Chlorotetracycline, 

water,

fltrd 

(μg/L)

(61744)

01571193 20060905 1105 < 0.024 — — < 0.015 < 0.018 E 105 — —

01571193 20060905 1106 — < 0.008 < 0.005 — < .005 — < 0.050 < 0.010

01571195 20060405 1800 < .024 — — < .015 < .018 E 105 — —

01571195 20060405 1801 — < .008 < .005 — < .005 — < .050 < .010

01571195 20060516 1050 < .024 — — < .015 < .018 86.5 — —

01571195 20060516 1051 — < .008 < .005 — < .005 — < .050 < .010

01571195 20060726 1600 < .024 — — < .015 < .018 96.8 — —

01571195 20060726 1601 — < .008 < .005 — < .005 — < .050 < .010

01571195

01571195

20060905

20060905

0950

0951

< .024

—

—

< .008

—

< .005

.015

—

E(2) .009

.005

E 106

—

—

< .050

—

< .010

01573151 20060307 1415 .048 — — .065 < .018 95 — —

01573151 20060307 1416 — < .008 < .005 — < .005 — < .050 < .010

01573151 20060503 1040 < .024 — — < .015 < .018 98.4 — —

01573151 20060503 1041 — < .008 < .005 — .011 — < .050 < .010

01573151 20060719 1110 < .024 — — < .015 < .018 67.4 — —

01573151 20060719 1111 — < .008 < .005 — < .005 — < .050 < .010

01573151

01573151

01573153

01573153

20060913

20060913

20060307

20060307

1100

1101

1230

1231

< .024

—

.098

—

—

< .008

—

.025

—

< .005

—

.239

< .015

—

4.750

—

E(2) .009

.005

.079

.164

113

—

48.3

—

—

< .050

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

01573153 20060307 1235 .083 — — 6.120 .077 46.8 — —

01573153 20060307 1236 — .020 .180 — .187 — < .050 < .010

01573153

01573153

20060503

20060503

0940

0941

E(4) .032

—

—

.168

—

.686

.043

—

.167

.516

33.5

—

—

< .050

—

< .010

01573153 20060719 1010 < .024 — — < .015 .030 58 — —

01573153 20060719 1011 — .017 .021 — .045 — < .050 < .010

01573153 20060913 0950 < .024 — — .085 .276 E 34.8 — —

01573153 20060913 0951 — .008 .280 — .406 — < .050 < .010

01574310

01574310

20060301

20060301

1600

1601

E(1) .005

—

—

< .008

—

< .005

.019

—

< .018

< .005

79.9

—

—

< .050

—

< .010

01574310 20060501 0940 .350 — — .047 < .018 89.3 — —

01574310 20060501 0941 — < .008 < .005 — < .005 — < .050 < .010

01574310 20060705 1420 < .024 — — .060 < .018 55.4 — —

01574310 20060705 1425 — < .008 < .005 — < .005 — < .050 < .010

01574310

01574310

20060906

20060906

1200

1201

E(2) .014

—

—

< .008

—

< .005

.032

—

< .018

< .005

E 80.5

—

—

< .050

—

< .010

01574314

01574314

01574314

01574314

20060301

20060301

20060501

20060501

1500

1501

1035

1036

E(1) .007

—

.029

—

—

< .008

—

< .008

—

< .005

—

< .005

.015

—

.032

—

< .018

< .005

< .018

< .005

84.3

—

85.9

—

—

< .050

—

< .050

—

< .010

—

< .010

01574314 20060501 1037 .030 — — .035 < .018 84 — —

01574314 20060501 1038 — < .008 < .005 — < .005 — < .050 < .010

01574314

01574314

20060705

20060705

1310

1315

E(1) .005

—

—

< .008

—

< .005

.363

—

< .018

< .005

46.7

—

—

< .050

—

< .010

01574314

01574314

20060906

20060906

1300

1301

E(1) .010

—

—

< .008

—

< .005

.074

—

< .018

< .005

E 79.3

—

—

< .050

—

< .010

1

For recoveries of surrogate compounds, an “E” designation indicates either (1) there was 

continuing calibration verification sample values fell outside the limits of compliance. 

a potential interference with recovery, or (2) one or both of the two 
60 Concentrations of Selected Pharmaceuticals and Antibiotics in South-Central Pennsylvania, March Through September 2006

Station 

number Date Time

Acetaminophen, 

water, 

fltrd 

(μg/L) 

(62000)

Anhydroerthromycin, 

water,

fltrd

(μg/L)

(63674)

Azithromycin, 

water,

fltrd

(μg/L) 

(62792)

Caffeine, 

water,

fltrd 

(μg/L) 

(50305)

Carbamazepine, 

water, 

fltrd

(μg/L) 

(62793)

Carbamazepine-d10, 

surrogate, 

pharmaceutical 

method, water, 

fltrd, percent 

recovery 

(90797)1

Chloramphenicol, 

water, 

fltrd 

(μg/L)

(65194)

Chlorotetracycline, 

water,

fltrd 

(μg/L)

(61744)

01576420

01576420

01576420

01576420

01576420

01576420

01576420

01576420

01576422

01576422

01576422

01576422

01576422

01576422

01576422

01576422

01569346

01569346

01569346

01569346

01569346

01569346

01569346

01569346

01569349

01569349

01569349

01569349

01569349

01569349

01569349

01569349

01572146

01572146

01572146

01572146

01572146

01572146

01572146

01572146

01572148

01572148

01572148

01572148

01572148

01572148

20060306

20060306

20060522

20060522

20060717

20060717

20060911

20060911

20060306

20060306

20060522

20060522

20060717

20060717

20060911

20060911

20060405

20060405

20060523

20060523

20060726

20060726

20060927

20060927

20060405

20060405

20060523

20060523

20060726

20060726

20060927

20060927

20060320

20060320

20060518

20060518

20060731

20060731

20060926

20060926

20060320

20060320

20060518

20060518

20060731

20060731

1600

1601

1150

1151

1150

1151

1100

1101

1730

1731

1025

1026

1030

1031

1205

1206

1300

1301

1115

1116

1045

1046

0955

0956

1130

1131

1000

1001

1245

1246

1100

1101

1200

1201

1145

1146

1015

1016

0945

0946

1445

1446

1030

1031

1110

1111

< 0.024

—

< .024

—

< .024

—

< .024

—

< .024

—

E(1) .009

—

< .024

—

< .024

—

< .024

—

< .024

—

< .024

—

< .024

—

< .024

—

< .024

—

< .024

—

< .024

—

< .024

—

< .024

—

< .024

—

< .024

—

E(2) .018

—

< .024

—

< .024

—

—

0.011

—

< .008

—

< .008

—

< .008

—

.028

—

.152

—

.036

—

< .008

—

< .008

—

< .008

—

< .008

—

< .008

—

< .008

—

< .008

—

< .008

—

< .008

—

< .008

—

< .008

—

< .008

—

< .008

—

< .008

—

< .008

—

< .008

—

< 0.005

—

< .005

—

< .005

—

< .005

—

< .005

—

.440

—

.076

—

< .005

—

< .005

—

< .005

—

< .005

—

< .005

—

< .005

—

< .005

—

< .005

—

< .005

—

< .005

—

< .005

—

< .005

—

< .005

—

< .005

—

< .005

—

< .005

< 0.015

—

< .015

—

< .015

—

< .015

—

< .015

—

< .015

—

< .015

—

< .015

—

< .015

—

< .015

—

< .015

—

< .015

—

< .015

—

< .015

—

.015

—

.015

—

< .015

—

< .015

—

< .015

—

< .015

—

< .015

—

< .015

—

< .015

—

< 0.018

.013

< .018

< .005

< .018

< .005

< .018

< .005

.040

.055

.083

.142

E(4) .043

.054

.139

.103

< .018

< .005

< .018

< .005

< .018

< .005

< .018

< .005

< .018

< .005

< .018

< .005

< .018

< .005

< .018

< .005

< .018

< .005

< .018

< .005

< .018

< .005

< .018

< .005

< .018

< .005

< .018

< .005

< .018

< .005

97.3

—

106

—

E 82.1

—

98.4

—

85.5

—

63.4

—

E 92.3

—

73.5

—

E 106

—

94.8

—

96.9

—

99.9

—

E 96.4

—

94.2

—

85.6

—

104

—

95.2

—

100

—

101

—

112

—

95.8

—

98.3

—

94.7

—

—

< 0.050

—

< .050

—

< .050

—

< .050

—

< .050

—

< .050

—

< .050

—

< .050

—

< .050

—

< .050

—

< .050

—

< .050

—

< .050

—

< .050

—

< .050

—

< .050

—

< .050

—

< .050

—

< .050

—

< .050

—

< .050

—

< .050

—

< .050

—

< 0.0010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

1

For recoveries of surrogate compounds, an “E” designation indicates either (1) there was 

continuing calibration verification sample values fell outside the limits of compliance. 

a potential interference with recovery, or (2) one or both of the two 
Table 6 61

Station 

number Date Time

Acetaminophen, 

water, 

fltrd 

(μg/L) 

(62000)

Anhydroerthromycin, 

water,

fltrd

(μg/L)

(63674)

Azithromycin, 

water,

fltrd

(μg/L) 

(62792)

Caffeine, 

water,

fltrd 

(μg/L) 

(50305)

Carbamazepine, 

water, 

fltrd

(μg/L) 

(62793)

Carbamazepine-d10, 

surrogate, 

pharmaceutical 

method, water, 

fltrd, percent 

recovery 

(90797)1

Chloramphenicol, 

water, 

fltrd 

(μg/L)

(65194)

Chlorotetracycline, 

water,

fltrd 

(μg/L)

(61744)

01572148

01572148

401704076293101

401704076293101

401704076293101

401704076293101

401704076293101

401704076293101

401704076293101

401704076293101

01573095

01573095

01573095

01573095

01573095

01573095

01573095

01573095

01574050

01574050

01574050

01574050

01574050

01574050

01574050

01574050

01574055

01574055

01574055

01574055

01574055

01574055

01574055

01574055

01575771

01575771

01575771

01575771

01575771

01575771

01575771

01575771

015757724

015757724

015757724

015757724

20060926

20060926

20060315

20060315

20060503

20060503

20060719

20060719

20060913

20060913

20060315

20060315

20060503

20060503

20060719

20060719

20060913

20060913

20060316

20060316

20060501

20060501

20060705

20060705

20060906

20060906

20060316

20060316

20060501

20060501

20060705

20060705

20060906

20060906

20060322

20060322

20060515

20060515

20060717

20060717

20060911

20060911

20060322

20060322

20060515

20060515

1055

1056

1145

1146

1345

1346

1430

1431

1400

1401

1030

1031

1245

1246

1330

1331

1305

1306

1030

1031

1350

1351

1045

1050

1030

1031

1130

1131

1245

1246

1145

1150

0925

0926

1000

1001

1055

1056

1410

1411

1450

1451

1100

1101

0915

0916

< 0.024

—

< .024

—

< .024

—

< .024

—

< .024

—

< .024

—

< .024

—

< .024

—

< .024

—

< .024

—

< .024

—

< .024

—

< .024

—

E(1) .003

—

< .024

—

< .024

—

< .024

—

< .024

—

< .024

—

< .024

—

< .024

—

< .024

—

E(1) .004

—

—

< 0.008

—

< .008

—

< .008

—

< .008

—

< .008

—

< .008

—

< .008

—

< .008

—

< .008

—

< .008

—

< .008

—

< .008

—

< .008

—

< .008

—

< .008

—

< .008

—

< .008

—

< .008

—

< .008

—

< .008

—

< .008

—

< .008

—

< .008

—

< 0.005

—

< .005

—

< .005

—

< .005

—

< .005

—

< .005

—

< .005

—

< .005

—

< .005

—

< .005

—

< .005

—

< .005

—

< .005

—

< .005

—

< .005

—

< .005

—

< .005

—

< .005

—

< .005

—

< .005

—

< .005

—

< .005

—

< .005

< 0.015

—

< .015

—

.019

—

< .015

—

< .015

—

< .015

—

< .015

—

< .015

—

< .015

—

< .015

—

< .017

—

.016

—

< .015

—

< .017

—

.040

—

.030

—

.053

—

< .015

—

< .015

—

< .015

—

< .015

—

< .015

—

.018

—

< 0.018

< .005

< .018

< .005

E(2) .010

.009

< .018

< .005

E(1) .005

< .005

< .018

< .005

< .018

< .005

< .018

< .005

< .018

< .005

< .018

< .005

< .018

< .005

E(1) .006

.007

E(4) .025

.021

< .018

< .005

< .018

< .005

< .018

< .005

E .005

< .005

< .018

< .005

< .018

< .005

< .018

< .005

< .018

< .005

< .018

< .005

E(1) .005

< .005

100

—

99.4

—

103

—

79.8

—

E 104

—

99.3

—

101

—

95.4

—

E 110

—

85.4

—

92.4

—

76.3

—

E 88.3

—

91.3

—

90.4

—

80.3

—

E 105

—

105

—

82.6

—

E 64.3

—

118

—

107

—

84.1

—

—

< 0.050

—

< .050

—

< .050

—

< .050

—

< .050

—

< .050

—

< .050

—

< .050

—

< .050

—

< .050

—

< .050

—

< .050

—

< .050

—

< .050

—

< .050

—

< .050

—

< .050

—

< .050

—

< .050

—

< .050

—

< .050

—

< .050

—

< .050

—

< 0.010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

1

For recoveries of surrogate compounds, an “E” designation indicates either (1) there was 

continuing calibration verification sample values fell outside the limits of compliance. 

a potential interference with recovery, or (2) one or both of the two 
62 Concentrations of Selected Pharmaceuticals and Antibiotics in South-Central Pennsylvania, March Through September 2006

Station 

number Date Time

Acetaminophen, 

water, 

fltrd 

(μg/L) 

(62000)

Anhydroerthromycin, 

water,

fltrd

(μg/L)

(63674)

Azithromycin, 

water,

fltrd

(μg/L) 

(62792)

Caffeine, 

water,

fltrd 

(μg/L) 

(50305)

Carbamazepine, 

water, 

fltrd

(μg/L) 

(62793)

Carbamazepine-d10, 

surrogate, 

pharmaceutical 

method, water, 

fltrd, percent 

recovery 

(90797)1

Chloramphenicol, 

water, 

fltrd 

(μg/L)

(65194)

Chlorotetracycline, 

water,

fltrd 

(μg/L)

(61744)

015757724 20060717 1310 < 0.024 — — < 0.015 < 0.018 E 97.2 — —

015757724 20060717 1311 — < 0.008 < 0.005 — < .005 — < 0.050 < 0.010

015757724 20060911 1550 < .024 — — < .015 < .018 103 — —

015757724 20060911 1551 — < .008 < .005 — < .005 — < .050 < .010

01578349 20060314 1145 < .024 — — < .015 < .018 106 — —

01578349 20060314 1146 — < .008 < .005 — < .005 — < .050 < .010

01578349 20060511 1110 < .024 — — < .015 < .018 107 — —

01578349 20060511 1111 — < .008 < .005 — < .005 — < .050 < .010

01578349 20060718 1250 < .024 — — < .015 < .018 E 90 — —

01578349 20060718 1251 — < .008 < .005 — < .005 — < .050 < .010

01578349 20060912 1215 < .024 — — < .015 < .018 102 — —

01578349 20060912 1216 — < .008 < .005 — < .005 — < .050 < .010

015783492

015783492

20060314

20060314

1400

1401

E(1) .009

—

—

< .008

—

< .005

< .015

—

< .018

< .005

87.5

—

—

< .050

—

< .010

015783492 20060511 1010 < .024 — — < .015 < .018 91.3 — —

015783492 20060511 1011 — < .008 < .005 — < .005 — < .050 < .010

015783492 20060718 1115 < .024 — — < .015 < .018 E 65.7 — —

015783492 20060718 1116 — < .008 < .005 — .005 — < .050 < .010

015783492 20060912 1115 < .024 — — < .015 < .018 102 — —

015783492 20060912 1116 — < .008 < .005 — < .005 — < .050 < .010

394643077043101 20060309 1230 < .024 — — < .026 < .018 108 — —

394643077043101

394643077043101

394643077043101

20060309

20060504

20060504

1231

1110

1111

—

< .024

—

< .008

—

< .008

< .005

—

< .005

—

< .015

—

< .005

< .018

< .005

—

111

—

< .050

—

< .050

< .010

—

< .010

394643077043101 20060504 1112 < .024 — — < .015 < .018 108 — —

394643077043101 20060504 1113 — < .008 < .005 — < .005 — < .050 < .010

394643077043101 20060710 1125 < .024 — — < .015 < .018 109 — —

394643077043101 20060710 1130 — < .008 < .005 — < .005 — < .050 < .010

394643077043101 20060925 1055 < .024 — — < .015 < .018 97.7 — —

394643077043101 20060925 1056 — < .008 < .005 — < .005 — < .050 < .010

400610076282501 20060406 1030 < .024 — — < .015 < .018 E 109 — —

400610076282501

400610076282501

400610076282501

20060406

20060515

20060515

1031

1315

1316

—

< .024

—

< .008

—

< .008

< .005

—

< .005

—

< .015

—

< .005

< .018

< .005

—

102

—

< .050

—

< .050

< .010

—

< .010

400610076282501 20060515 1317 < .024 — — < .015 < .018 100 — —

400610076282501 20060515 1318 — < .008 < .005 — < .005 — < .050 < .010

400610076282501 20060713 1100 < .024 — — < .015 < .018 110 — —

400610076282501

400610076282501

400610076282501

20060713

20060907

20060907

1101

1100

1101

—

< .024

—

< .008

—

< .008

< .005

—

< .005

—

< .015

—

< .005

< .018

< .005

—

E 113

—

< .050

—

< .050

< .010

—

< .010

400610076282501 20060907 1105 < .024 — — < .015 < .018 E 110 — —

400610076282501 20060907 1106 — < .008 < .005 — < .005 — < .050 < .010

401712076235101 20060403 1415 < .024 — — < .015 < .018 101 — —

401712076235101 20060403 1416 — < .008 < .005 — < .005 — < .050 < .010

401712076235101 20060517 1410 < .024 — — < .015 < .018 100 — —

401712076235101 20060517 1411 — < .008 < .005 — < .005 — < .050 < .010

1

For recoveries of surrogate compounds, an “E” designation indicates either (1) there was 

continuing calibration verification sample values fell outside the limits of compliance. 

a potential interference with recovery, or (2) one or both of the two 
Table 6 63

Station 

number Date Time

Acetaminophen, 

water, 

fltrd 

(μg/L) 

(62000)

Anhydroerthromycin, 

water,

fltrd

(μg/L)

(63674)

Azithromycin, 

water,

fltrd

(μg/L) 

(62792)

Caffeine, 

water,

fltrd 

(μg/L) 

(50305)

Carbamazepine, 

water, 

fltrd

(μg/L) 

(62793)

Carbamazepine-d10, 

surrogate, 

pharmaceutical 

method, water, 

fltrd, percent 

recovery 

(90797)1

Chloramphenicol, 

water, 

fltrd 

(μg/L)

(65194)

Chlorotetracycline, 

water,

fltrd 

(μg/L)

(61744)

401712076235101

401712076235101

401712076235101

401712076235101

401920078130101

401920078130101

401920078130101

401920078130101

401920078130101

401920078130101

401920078130101

401920078130101

402052076160101

402052076160101

402052076160101

402052076160101

402052076160101

402052076160101

402052076160101

402052076160101

405931076555601

405931076555601

405931076555601

405931076555601

405931076555601

405931076555601

405931076555601

405931076555601

405931076555601

405931076555601

20060712

20060712

20060920

20060920

20060329

20060329

20060509

20060509

20060725

20060725

20060914

20060914

20060403

20060403

20060517

20060517

20060712

20060712

20060920

20060920

20060323

20060323

20060502

20060502

20060711

20060711

20060711

20060711

20060921

20060921

1355

1400

1400

1401

1300

1301

1400

1401

1250

1251

1230

1231

1130

1131

1135

1136

1140

1145

1050

1051

1140

1141

1140

1141

1150

1155

1200

1205

1215

1216

< 0.024

—

< .024

—

< .024

—

< .024

—

< .024

—

< .024

—

< .024

—

< .024

—

< .024

—

< .024

—

< .024

—

< .024

—

< .024

—

< .024

—

< .024

—

—

< 0.008

—

< .008

—

< .008

—

< .008

—

< .008

—

< .008

—

< .008

—

< .008

—

< .008

—

< .008

—

< .008

—

< .008

—

< .008

—

< .008

—

< .008

—

< 0.005

—

< .005

—

< .005

—

< .005

—

< .005

—

< .005

—

< .005

—

< .005

—

< .005

—

< .005

—

< .005

—

< .005

—

< .005

—

< .005

—

< .005

< 0.015

—

< .015

—

< .015

—

< .015

—

< .015

—

< .015

—

< .015

—

< .015

—

< .015

—

< .015

—

< .015

—

< .015

—

< .015

—

< .015

—

< .015

—

< 0.018

< .005

< .018

< .005

< .018

< .005

< .018

< .005

< .018

< .005

< .018

< .005

< .018

< .005

< .018

< .005

< .018

< .005

< .018

< .005

< .018

< .005

< .018

< .005

< .018

< .005

< .018

< .005

< .018

< .005

109

—

104

—

104

—

111

—

92.1

—

100

—

100

—

104

—

113

—

96.9

—

113

—

122

—

112

—

108

—

99.1

—

—

< 0.050

—

< .050

—

< .050

—

< .050

—

< .050

—

< .050

—

< .050

—

< .050

—

< .050

—

< .050

—

< .050

—

< .050

—

< .050

—

< .050

—

< .050

—

< 0.010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

1For recoveries of surrogate compounds, an “E” designation indicates either (1) there was 

continuing calibration verification sample values fell outside the limits of compliance. 

a potential interference with recovery, or (2) one or both of the two 
64 Concentrations of Selected Pharmaceuticals and Antibiotics in South-Central Pennsylvania, March Through September 2006

Cipro- Dehydro- Diphen- Codeine, Cotinine, Diltiazem, Doxycycline, floxacin, nifedipine, hydramine, Enrofloxacin, water, water, water, water, Station water water, water, water, Date Time fltrd fltrd fltrd fltrd number fltrd fltrd fltrd fltrd (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (62003) (62005) (62008)2 (62694) (62898) (62004) (62796)

01470857 20060306 1130 — < 0.022 < 0.028 < 0.022 < 0.018 < 0.023 — —

01470857 20060306 1131 < 0.005 — — — — — < 0.010 < 0.005

01470857 20060508 1215 — < .022 < .028 < .022 < .018 < .023 — —

01470857 20060508 1216 < .005 — — — — — < .010 < .005

01470857 20060720 1130 — < .022 < .028 < .022 < .018 < .023 — —

01470857 20060720 1131 < .005 — — — — — < .010 < .005

01470857 20060918 1235 — < .022 < .028 < .022 < .018 < .023 — —

01470857 20060918 1236 < .005 — — — — — < .010 < .005

01470858 20060306 1300 — E(1) .005 E(1) .004 < .022 < .018 .024 — —

01470858 20060306 1301 < .005 — — — — — < .010 < .005

01470858 20060508 1100 — E(1) .007 E(1) .003 < .022 < .018 E(2) .015 — —

01470858 20060508 1101 < .005 — — — — — < .010 < .005

01470858 20060720 1030 — < .022 < .028 < .022 E(3) .005 < .023 — —

01470858 20060720 1031 < .005 — — — — — < .010 < .005

01470858 20060918 1120 — < .022 < .028 < .022 < .018 E(1) .011 — —

01470858 20060918 1121 < .005 — — — — — < .010 < .005

01470858 20060918 1125 — < .022 E(1) .008 < .022 E(3) .017 < .023 — —

01470858 20060918 1126 < .005 — — — — — < .010 < .005

015693155 20060313 1100 — < .022 < .028 < .022 < .018 < .023 — —

015693155 20060313 1101 < .005 — — — — — < .010 < .005

015693155 20060510 1145 — < .022 < .028 < .022 < .018 < .023 — —

015693155 20060510 1146 < .005 — — — — — < .010 < .005

015693155 20060706 1130 — < .022 < .028 < .022 < .018 < .023 — —

015693155 20060706 1135 < .005 — — — — — < .010 < .005

015693155 20060919 1020 — < .022 < .028 < .022 < .018 < .023 — —

015693155 20060919 1021 < .005 — — — — — < .010 < .005

015693158 20060313 1300 — .031 < .028 < .022 E(3) .023 .026 — —

015693158 20060313 1301 < .005 — — — — — < .010 < .005

015693158 20060510 1030 — .029 E(1) .004 < .022 E(3) .032 .071 — —

015693158 20060510 1031 < .005 — — — — — < .010 < .005

015693158 20060510 1036 .010 — — — — — < .010 < .005

015693158 20060706 1020 — E(1) .010 < .028 < .022 E(3) .024 E(2) .013 — —

015693158 20060706 1025 .007 — — — — — < .010 < .005

015693158 20060706 1030 — E(1) .010 < .028 < .022 E(3) .018 E(1) .009 — —

015693158 20060706 1035 .008 — — — — — < .010 < .005

015693158 20060919 1200 — E(2) .011 < .028 < .022 E(3) .065 E(2) .019 — —

015693158 20060919 1201 .021 — — — — — < .010 < .005

01571193 20060405 1600 — < .022 < .028 < .022 < .018 < .023 — —

01571193 20060405 1601 < .005 — — — — — < .010 < .005

01571193 20060516 1210 — < .022 < .028 < .022 < .018 < .023 — —

01571193 20060516 1211 < .005 — — — — — < .010 < .005

01571193 20060726 1500 — < .022 < .028 < .022 < .018 < .023 — —

01571193 20060726 1501 < .005 — — — — — < .010 < .005

2

Because of low long-term recoveries, this compound will be qualified. 
Table 6 65

Cipro- Dehydro- Diphen- Codeine, Cotinine, Diltiazem, Doxycycline, floxacin, nifedipine, hydramine, Enrofloxacin, water, water, water, water, Station water water, water, water, Date Time fltrd fltrd fltrd fltrd number fltrd fltrd fltrd fltrd (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (62003) (62005) (62008)2 (62694) (62898) (62004) (62796)

01571193 20060905 1105 — < 0.022 < 0.028 < 0.022 < 0.018 < 0.023 — —

01571193 20060905 1106 < 0.005 — — — — — < 0.010 < 0.005

01571195 20060405 1800 — < .022 < .028 < .022 < .018 < .023 — —

01571195 20060405 1801 < .005 — — — — — < .010 < .005

01571195 20060516 1050 — < .022 < .028 < .022 < .018 < .023 — —

01571195 20060516 1051 < .005 — — — — — < .010 < .005

01571195 20060726 1600 — < .022 < .028 < .022 < .018 < .023 — —

01571195 20060726 1601 < .005 — — — — — < .010 < .005

01571195 20060905 0950 — < .022 < .028 < .022 < .018 < .023 — —

01571195 20060905 0951 < .005 — — — — — < .010 < .005

01573151 20060307 1415 — < .022 E(1) .010 < .022 < .018 < .023 — —

01573151 20060307 1416 < .005 — — — — — < .010 < .005

01573151 20060503 1040 — < .022 < .028 < .022 < .018 < .023 — —

01573151 20060503 1041 < .005 — — — — — < .010 < .005

01573151 20060719 1110 — < .022 < .028 < .022 < .018 < .023 — —

01573151 20060719 1111 < .005 — — — — — < .010 < .005

01573151 20060913 1100 — < .022 < .028 < .022 < .018 < .023 — —

01573151 20060913 1101 < .005 — — — — — < .010 < .005

01573153 20060307 1230 — .056 .043 E(1) .006 E(3) .026 .066 — —

01573153 20060307 1231 .075 — — — — — < .010 < .005

01573153 20060307 1235 — .064 .055 E(1) .007 E(3) .039 .098 — —

01573153 20060307 1236 .101 — — — — — < .010 < .005

01573153 20060503 0940 — .155 E(2) .017 E(2) .011 E(3) .079 .135 — —

01573153 20060503 0941 .182 — — — — — < .010 < .005

01573153 20060719 1010 — < .022 < .028 < .022 E(3) .032 E(2) .015 — —

01573153 20060719 1011 < .005 — — — — — < .010 < .005

01573153 20060913 0950 — < .046 < .028 E(2) .015 < .018 < .023 — —

01573153 20060913 0951 .068 — — — — — < .010 < .005

01574310 20060301 1600 — < .022 < .028 < .022 < .018 < .023 — —

01574310 20060301 1601 < .005 — — — — — < .010 < .005

01574310 20060501 0940 — < .022 E(1) .005 < .022 < .018 < .023 — —

01574310 20060501 0941 < .005 — — — — — < .010 < .005

01574310 20060705 1420 — < .022 E(1) .004 < .022 < .018 < .023 — —

01574310 20060705 1425 < .005 — — — — — < .010 < .005

01574310 20060906 1200 — < .022 < .028 < .022 < .018 < .023 — —

01574310 20060906 1201 < .005 — — — — — < .010 < .005

01574314 20060301 1500 — < .022 < .028 < .022 < .018 < .023 — —

01574314 20060301 1501 < .005 — — — — — < .010 < .005

01574314 20060501 1035 — < .022 E(1) .004 < .022 < .018 < .023 — —

01574314 20060501 1036 < .005 — — — — — < .010 < .005

01574314 20060501 1037 — < .022 E(1) .005 < .022 < .018 < .023 — —

01574314 20060501 1038 < .005 — — — — — < .010 < .005

01574314 20060705 1310 — < .022 E(2) .017 < .022 < .018 < .023 — —

01574314 20060705 1315 < .005 — — — — — < .010 < .005

01574314 20060906 1300 — < .022 < .028 < .022 < .018 < .023 — —

01574314 20060906 1301 < .005 — — — — — < .010 < .005

2

Because of low long-term recoveries, this compound will be qualified. 
66 Concentrations of Selected Pharmaceuticals and Antibiotics in South-Central Pennsylvania, March Through September 2006

Cipro- Dehydro- Diphen- Codeine, Cotinine, Diltiazem, Doxycycline, floxacin, nifedipine, hydramine, Enrofloxacin, water, water, water, water, Station water water, water, water, Date Time fltrd fltrd fltrd fltrd number fltrd fltrd fltrd fltrd (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (62003) (62005) (62008)2 (62694) (62898) (62004) (62796)

01576420 20060306 1600 — < 0.022 < 0.028 < 0.022 < 0.018 < 0.023 — —

01576420 20060306 1601 < 0.005 — — — — — < 0.010 < 0.005

01576420 20060522 1150 — < .022 < .028 < .022 < .018 < .023 — —

01576420 20060522 1151 < .005 — — — — — < .010 < .005

01576420 20060717 1150 — < .022 < .028 < .022 < .018 < .023 — —

01576420 20060717 1151 < .005 — — — — — < .010 < .005

01576420 20060911 1100 — < .022 < .028 < .022 < .018 < .023 — —

01576420 20060911 1101 < .005 — — — — — < .010 < .005

01576422 20060306 1730 — < .028 E(1) .007 < .022 < .018 .036 — —

01576422 20060306 1731 .010 — — — — — < .010 < .005

01576422 20060522 1025 — .040 E(1) .008 < .022 E(3) .023 .031 — —

01576422 20060522 1026 < .005 — — — — — < .010 < .005

01576422 20060717 1030 — < .022 < .028 < .022 E(3) .043 E(1) .007 — —

01576422 20060717 1031 < .005 — — — — — < .010 < .005

01576422 20060911 1205 — < .022 < .028 E(1) .005 < .018 < .023 — —

01576422 20060911 1206 .015 — — — — — < .010 < .005

01569346 20060405 1300 — < .022 < .028 < .022 < .018 < .023 — —

01569346 20060405 1301 < .005 — — — — — < .010 < .005

01569346 20060523 1115 — < .022 < .028 < .022 < .018 < .023 — —

01569346 20060523 1116 < .005 — — — — — < .010 < .005

01569346 20060726 1045 — < .022 < .028 < .022 < .018 < .023 — —

01569346 20060726 1046 < .005 — — — — — < .010 < .005

01569346 20060927 0955 — < .022 < .028 < .022 < .018 < .023 — —

01569346 20060927 0956 < .005 — — — — — < .010 < .005

01569349 20060405 1130 — < .022 < .028 < .022 < .018 < .023 — —

01569349 20060405 1131 < .005 — — — — — < .010 < .005

01569349 20060523 1000 — < .022 < .028 < .022 < .018 < .023 — —

01569349 20060523 1001 < .005 — — — — — < .010 < .005

01569349 20060726 1245 — < .022 < .028 < .022 < .018 < .023 — —

01569349 20060726 1246 < .005 — — — — — < .010 < .005

01569349 20060927 1100 — < .022 < .028 < .022 < .018 < .023 — —

01569349 20060927 1101 < .005 — — — — — < .010 < .005

01572146 20060320 1200 — < .022 < .028 < .022 < .018 < .023 — —

01572146 20060320 1201 < .005 — — — — — < .010 < .005

01572146 20060518 1145 — < .022 < .028 < .022 < .018 < .023 — —

01572146 20060518 1146 < .005 — — — — — < .010 < .005

01572146 20060731 1015 — < .022 < .028 < .022 < .018 E(1) .010 — —

01572146 20060731 1016 < .005 — — — — — < .010 < .005

01572146 20060926 0945 — < .022 < .028 < .022 < .018 < .023 — —

01572146 20060926 0946 < .005 — — — — — < .010 < .005

01572148 20060320 1445 — < .022 < .028 < .022 < .018 < .023 — —

01572148 20060320 1446 < .005 — — — — — < .010 < .005

01572148 20060518 1030 — < .022 < .028 < .022 < .018 < .023 — —

01572148 20060518 1031 < .005 — — — — — < .010 < .005

01572148 20060731 1110 — < .022 < .028 < .022 < .018 < .023 — —

01572148 20060731 1111 < .005 — — — — — < .010 < .005

2

Because of low long-term recoveries, this compound will be qualified. 
Table 6 67

Cipro- Dehydro- Diphen- Codeine, Cotinine, Diltiazem, Doxycycline, floxacin, nifedipine, hydramine, Enrofloxacin, water, water, water, water, Station water water, water, water, Date Time fltrd fltrd fltrd fltrd number fltrd fltrd fltrd fltrd (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (62003) (62005) (62008)2 (62694) (62898) (62004) (62796)

01572148 20060926 1055 — < 0.022 < 0.028 < 0.022 < 0.018 < 0.023 — —

01572148 20060926 1056 < 0.005 — — — — — < 0.010 < 0.005

401704076293101 20060315 1145 — < .022 < .028 < .022 < .018 < .023 — —

401704076293101 20060315 1146 < .005 — — — — — < .010 < .005

401704076293101 20060503 1345 — < .022 < .028 < .022 < .018 < .023 — —

401704076293101 20060503 1346 < .005 — — — — — < .010 < .005

401704076293101 20060719 1430 — < .022 < .028 < .022 < .018 < .023 — —

401704076293101 20060719 1431 < .005 — — — — — < .010 < .005

401704076293101 20060913 1400 — < .022 < .028 < .022 < .018 < .023 — —

401704076293101 20060913 1401 < .005 — — — — — < .010 < .005

01573095 20060315 1030 — < .022 < .028 < .022 < .018 < .023 — —

01573095 20060315 1031 < .005 — — — — — < .010 < .005

01573095 20060503 1245 — < .022 < .028 < .022 < .018 < .023 — —

01573095 20060503 1246 < .005 — — — — — < .010 < .005

01573095 20060719 1330 — < .022 < .028 < .022 < .018 < .023 — —

01573095 20060719 1331 < .005 — — — — — < .010 < .005

01573095 20060913 1305 — < .022 < .028 < .022 < .018 < .023 — —

01573095 20060913 1306 < .005 — — — — — < .010 < .005

01574050 20060316 1030 — < .022 < .028 < .022 < .018 < .023 — —

01574050 20060316 1031 < .005 — — — — — < .010 < .005

01574050 20060501 1350 — < .022 < .028 < .022 < .018 < .023 — —

01574050 20060501 1351 < .005 — — — — — < .010 < .005

01574050 20060705 1045 — < .022 < .028 < .022 < .018 < .023 — —

01574050 20060705 1050 < .005 — — — — — < .010 < .005

01574050 20060906 1030 — < .022 < .028 < .022 < .018 < .023 — —

01574050 20060906 1031 < .005 — — — — — < .010 < .005

01574055 20060316 1130 — < .022 < .028 < .022 < .018 < .023 — —

01574055 20060316 1131 < .005 — — — — — < .010 < .005

01574055 20060501 1245 — < .022 E(1) .007 < .022 < .018 < .023 — —

01574055 20060501 1246 < .005 — — — — — < .010 < .005

01574055 20060705 1145 — < .022 < .028 < .022 < .018 < .023 — —

01574055 20060705 1150 < .005 — — — — — < .010 < .005

01574055 20060906 0925 — < .022 < .028 < .022 < .018 < .023 — —

01574055 20060906 0926 < .005 — — — — — < .010 < .005

01575771 20060322 1000 — < .022 < .028 < .022 < .018 < .023 — —

01575771 20060322 1001 < .005 — — — — — < .010 < .005

01575771 20060515 1055 — < .022 < .028 < .022 < .018 < .023 — —

01575771 20060515 1056 < .005 — — — — — < .010 < .005

01575771 20060717 1410 — < .022 < .028 < .022 < .018 < .023 — —

01575771 20060717 1411 < .005 — — — — — < .010 < .005

01575771 20060911 1450 — < .022 < .028 < .022 < .018 < .023 — —

01575771 20060911 1451 < .005 — — — — — < .010 < .005

015757724 20060322 1100 — < .022 < .028 < .022 < .018 < .023 — —

015757724 20060322 1101 < .005 — — — — — < .010 < .005

015757724 20060515 0915 — < .022 < .028 < .022 < .018 < .023 — —

015757724 20060515 0916 < .005 — — — — — < .010 < .005

2

Because of low long-term recoveries, this compound will be qualified. 
68 Concentrations of Selected Pharmaceuticals and Antibiotics in South-Central Pennsylvania, March Through September 2006

Cipro- Dehydro- Diphen- Codeine, Cotinine, Diltiazem, Doxycycline, floxacin, nifedipine, hydramine, Enrofloxacin, water, water, water, water, Station water water, water, water, Date Time fltrd fltrd fltrd fltrd number fltrd fltrd fltrd fltrd (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (62003) (62005) (62008)2 (62694) (62898) (62004) (62796)

015757724 20060717 1310 — < 0.022 < 0.028 < 0.022 < 0.018 < 0.023 — —

015757724 20060717 1311 < 0.005 — — — — — < 0.010 < 0.005

015757724 20060911 1550 — < .022 < .028 < .022 < .018 < .023 — —

015757724 20060911 1551 < .005 — — — — — < .010 < .005

01578349 20060314 1145 — < .022 < .028 < .022 < .018 < .023 — —

01578349 20060314 1146 < .005 — — — — — < .010 < .005

01578349 20060511 1110 — < .022 < .028 < .022 < .018 < .023 — —

01578349 20060511 1111 < .005 — — — — — < .010 < .005

01578349 20060718 1250 — < .022 < .028 < .022 < .018 < .023 — —

01578349 20060718 1251 < .005 — — — — — < .010 < .005

01578349 20060912 1215 — < .022 < .028 < .022 < .018 < .023 — —

01578349 20060912 1216 < .005 — — — — — < .010 < .005

015783492 20060314 1400 — < .022 E(1) .007 < .022 < .018 < .023 — —

015783492 20060314 1401 < .005 — — — — — < .010 < .005

015783492 20060511 1010 — < .022 < .028 < .022 < .018 < .023 — —

015783492 20060511 1011 < .005 — — — — — < .010 < .005

015783492 20060718 1115 — < .022 < .028 < .022 < .018 < .023 — —

015783492 20060718 1116 < .005 — — — — — < .010 < .005

015783492 20060912 1115 — < .022 < .028 < .022 < .018 < .023 — —

015783492 20060912 1116 < .005 — — — — — < .010 < .005

394643077043101 20060309 1230 — < .022 < .028 < .022 < .018 < .023 — —

394643077043101 20060309 1231 < .005 — — — — — < .010 < .005

394643077043101 20060504 1110 — < .022 < .028 < .022 < .018 < .023 — —

394643077043101 20060504 1111 < .005 — — — — — < .010 < .005

394643077043101 20060504 1112 — < .022 < .028 < .022 < .018 < .023 — —

394643077043101 20060504 1113 < .005 — — — — — < .010 < .005

394643077043101 20060710 1125 — < .022 < .028 < .022 < .018 < .023 — —

394643077043101 20060710 1130 < .005 — — — — — < .010 < .005

394643077043101 20060925 1055 — < .022 < .028 < .022 < .018 < .023 — —

394643077043101 20060925 1056 < .005 — — — — — < .010 < .005

400610076282501 20060406 1030 — < .022 < .028 < .022 < .018 < .023 — —

400610076282501 20060406 1031 < .005 — — — — — < .010 < .005

400610076282501 20060515 1315 — < .022 < .028 < .022 < .018 < .023 — —

400610076282501 20060515 1316 < .005 — — — — — < .010 < .005

400610076282501 20060515 1317 — < .022 < .028 < .022 < .018 < .023 — —

400610076282501 20060515 1318 < .005 — — — — — < .010 < .005

400610076282501 20060713 1100 — < .022 < .028 < .022 < .018 < .023 — —

400610076282501 20060713 1101 < .005 — — — — — < .010 < .005

400610076282501 20060907 1100 — < .022 < .028 < .022 < .018 < .023 — —

400610076282501 20060907 1101 < .005 — — — — — < .010 < .005

400610076282501 20060907 1105 — < .022 < .028 < .022 < .018 < .023 — —

400610076282501 20060907 1106 < .005 — — — — — < .010 < .005

401712076235101 20060403 1415 — < .022 < .028 < .022 < .018 < .023 — —

401712076235101 20060403 1416 < .005 — — — — — < .010 < .005

401712076235101 20060517 1410 — < .022 < .028 < .022 < .018 < .023 — —

401712076235101 20060517 1411 < .005 — — — — — < .010 < .005

2

Because of low long-term recoveries, this compound will be qualified. 
Table 6 69

Cipro- Dehydro- Diphen- Codeine, Cotinine, Diltiazem, Doxycycline, floxacin, nifedipine, hydramine, Enrofloxacin, water, water, water, water, Station water water, water, water, Date Time fltrd fltrd fltrd fltrd number fltrd fltrd fltrd fltrd (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (62003) (62005) (62008)2 (62694) (62898) (62004) (62796)

401712076235101 20060712 1355 — < 0.022 < 0.028 < 0.022 < 0.018 < 0.023 — —

401712076235101 20060712 1400 < 0.005 — — — — — < 0.010 < 0.005

401712076235101 20060920 1400 — < .022 < .028 < .022 < .018 < .023 — —

401712076235101 20060920 1401 < .005 — — — — — < .010 < .005

401920078130101 20060329 1300 — < .022 < .028 < .022 < .018 < .023 — —

401920078130101 20060329 1301 < .005 — — — — — < .010 < .005

401920078130101 20060509 1400 — < .022 < .028 < .022 < .018 < .023 — —

401920078130101 20060509 1401 < .005 — — — — — < .010 < .005

401920078130101 20060725 1250 — < .022 < .028 < .022 < .018 E(1) .003 — —

401920078130101 20060725 1251 < .005 — — — — — < .010 < .005

401920078130101 20060914 1230 — < .022 < .028 < .022 < .018 < .023 — —

401920078130101 20060914 1231 < .005 — — — — — < .010 < .005

402052076160101 20060403 1130 — < .022 < .028 < .022 < .018 < .023 — —

402052076160101 20060403 1131 < .005 — — — — — < .010 < .005

402052076160101 20060517 1135 — < .022 < .028 < .022 < .018 < .023 — —

402052076160101 20060517 1136 < .005 — — — — — < .010 < .005

402052076160101 20060712 1140 — < .022 < .028 < .022 < .018 < .023 — —

402052076160101 20060712 1145 < .005 — — — — — < .010 < .005

402052076160101 20060920 1050 — < .022 E(2) .024 < .022 < .018 < .023 — —

402052076160101 20060920 1051 < .005 — — — — — < .010 < .005

405931076555601 20060323 1140 — < .022 < .028 < .022 < .018 < .023 — —

405931076555601 20060323 1141 < .005 — — — — — < .010 < .005

405931076555601 20060502 1140 — < .022 < .028 < .022 < .018 < .023 — —

405931076555601 20060502 1141 < .005 — — — — — < .010 < .005

405931076555601 20060711 1150 — < .022 < .028 < .022 < .018 < .023 — —

405931076555601 20060711 1155 < .005 — — — — — < .010 < .005

405931076555601 20060711 1200 — < .022 < .028 < .022 < .018 < .023 — —

405931076555601 20060711 1205 < .005 — — — — — < .010 < .005

405931076555601 20060921 1215 — < .022 < .028 < .022 < .018 < .023 — —

405931076555601 20060921 1216 < .005 — — — — — < .010 < .005

2Because of low long-term recoveries, this compound will be qualified. 
70 Concentrations of Selected Pharmaceuticals and Antibiotics in South-Central Pennsylvania, March Through September 2006

Station number Date Time

Erythromycin, 

water,

fltrd 

(μg/L) 

(62797)

Ethyl 

nicotinate-d4, 

surrogate, 

water, fltrd, 

percent 

recovery 

(99571)1

Fluoxetine, 

water, 

fltrd 

(μg/L) 

(62011)2

Ibuprofen, 

water, 

fltrd

(μg/L) 

(62014)

Isochlorotetracycline, 

water, 

fltrd

(μg/L) 

(64175)

Isoepichlorotetracycline, 

water,

fltrd 

(μg/L)

(64047)

Lincomycin, 

water, 

fltrd 

(μg/L)

(62894)

01470857 20060306 1130 — 81.6 < 0.016 — — — —

01470857 20060306 1131 < 0.008 — — < 0.050 < 0.010 < 0.010 < 0.005

01470857 20060508 1215 — 98.8 < .016 — — — —

01470857 20060508 1216 < .008 — — < .050 < .010 < .010 < .005

01470857 20060720 1130 — E 72.2 < .016 — — — —

01470857 20060720 1131 < .008 — — < .050 < .010 < .010 < .005

01470857 20060918 1235 — 83.5 < .016 — — — —

01470857 20060918 1236 < .008 — — < .050 < .010 < .010 < .005

01470858 20060306 1300 — 80.2 < .016 — — — —

01470858 20060306 1301 < .008 — — < .050 < .010 < .010 < .005

01470858 20060508 1100 — 91.7 < .016 — — — —

01470858 20060508 1101 < .008 — — < .050 < .010 < .010 < .005

01470858 20060720 1030 — E 97 < .016 — — — —

01470858 20060720 1031 < .008 — — < .050 < .010 < .010 < .005

01470858 20060918 1120 — 87.2 < .016 — — — —

01470858 20060918 1121 < .008 — — < .050 < .010 < .010 < .005

01470858 20060918 1125 — 89.8 < .016 — — — —

01470858 20060918 1126 < .008 — — < .050 < .010 < .010 < .005

015693155 20060313 1100 — 88 < .016 — — — —

015693155 20060313 1101 < .008 — — < .050 < .010 < .010 < .005

015693155 20060510 1145 — 97.5 < .016 — — — —

015693155 20060510 1146 < .008 — — < .050 < .010 < .010 < .005

015693155 20060706 1130 — 94.7 < .016 — — — —

015693155 20060706 1135 < .008 — — < .050 < .010 < .010 < .005

015693155 20060919 1020 — 88.7 < .016 — — — —

015693155 20060919 1021 < .008 — — < .050 < .010 < .010 < .005

015693158 20060313 1300 — 77.3 < .016 — — — —

015693158 20060313 1301 < .008 — — < .050 < .010 < .010 < .005

015693158 20060510 1030 — 76.3 < .016 — — — —

015693158 20060510 1031 < .008 — — < .050 < .010 < .010 < .005

015693158 20060510 1036 < .008 — — < .050 < .010 < .010 < .005

015693158 20060706 1020 — 81.7 < .016 — — — —

015693158 20060706 1025 < .008 — — < .050 < .010 < .010 < .005

015693158 20060706 1030 — 82.4 < .016 — — — —

015693158 20060706 1035 < .008 — — < .050 < .010 < .010 < .005

015693158 20060919 1200 — 55.3 < .016 — — — —

015693158 20060919 1201 < .008 — — < .050 < .010 < .010 < .005

01571193 20060405 1600 — 95.4 < .016 — — — —

01571193 20060405 1601 < .008 — — < .050 < .010 < .010 < .005

01571193 20060516 1210 — 83.1 < .016 — — — —

01571193 20060516 1211 < .008 — — < .050 < .010 < .010 < .005

01571193 20060726 1500 — 106 < .016 — — — —

01571193 20060726 1501 < .008 — — < .050 < .010 < .010 < .005

1

For recoveries of surrogate compounds, an “E” designation indicates either (1) there was 

two continuing calibration verification sample values fell outside the limits of compliance. 

2

Because of low long-term recoveries, this compound will be qualified. 

a potential interference with recovery or (2) one or both of the 
Table 6 71

Station number Date Time

Erythromycin, 

water,

fltrd 

(μg/L) 

(62797)

Ethyl 

nicotinate-d4, 

surrogate, 

water, fltrd, 

percent 

recovery 

(99571)1

Fluoxetine, 

water, 

fltrd 

(μg/L) 

(62011)2

Ibuprofen, 

water, 

fltrd

(μg/L) 

(62014)

Isochlorotetracycline, 

water, 

fltrd

(μg/L) 

(64175)

Isoepichlorotetracycline, 

water,

fltrd 

(μg/L)

(64047)

Lincomycin, 

water, 

fltrd 

(μg/L)

(62894)

01571193 20060905 1105 — 84.1 < 0.016 — — — —

01571193 20060905 1106 < 0.008 — — < 0.050 < 0.010 < 0.010 < 0.005

01571195 20060405 1800 — 96.2 < .016 — — — —

01571195 20060405 1801 < .008 — — < .050 < .010 < .010 < .005

01571195 20060516 1050 — 87.5 < .016 — — — —

01571195 20060516 1051 < .008 — — < .050 < .010 < .010 < .005

01571195 20060726 1600 — 110 < .016 — — — —

01571195 20060726 1601 < .008 — — < .050 < .010 < .010 < .005

01571195 20060905 0950 — 82.7 < .016 — — — —

01571195 20060905 0951 < .008 — — < .050 < .010 < .010 < .005

01573151 20060307 1415 — 82.1 < .016 — — — —

01573151 20060307 1416 < .008 — — < .050 < .010 < .010 < .005

01573151 20060503 1040 — 83.7 < .016 — — — —

01573151 20060503 1041 < .008 — — < .050 < .010 < .010 < .005

01573151 20060719 1110 — E 85.1 < .016 — — — —

01573151 20060719 1111 < .008 — — < .050 < .010 < .010 < .005

01573151 20060913 1100 — 82.2 < .016 — — — —

01573151 20060913 1101 < .008 — — < .050 < .010 < .010 < .005

01573153 20060307 1230 — 66.2 < .016 — — — —

01573153 20060307 1231 .015 — — .277 < .010 < .010 < .005

01573153 20060307 1235 — 61.6 < .016 — — — —

01573153 20060307 1236 .017 — — .366 < .010 < .010 < .005

01573153 20060503 0940 — 47.1 < .016

01573153 20060503 0941 .011 — — < .050 < .010 < .010 < .005

01573153 20060719 1010 — E 89.1 < .016 — — — —

01573153 20060719 1011 < .008 — — < .050 < .010 < .010 < .005

01573153 20060913 0950 — 54.8 < .016 — — — —

01573153 20060913 0951 .008 — — < .050 < .010 < .010 < .005

01574310 20060301 1600 — 83.8 < .016 — — — —

01574310 20060301 1601 < .008 — — < .050 < .010 < .010 < .005

01574310 20060501 0940 — 90.8 < .016 — — — —

01574310 20060501 0941 < .008 — — < .050 < .010 < .010 < .005

01574310 20060705 1420 — 83.8 < .016 — — — —

01574310 20060705 1425 < .008 — — < .050 < .010 < .010 < .005

01574310 20060906 1200 — 80.2 < .016 — — — —

01574310 20060906 1201 < .008 — — < .050 < .010 < .010 < .005

01574314 20060301 1500 — 90.2 < .016 — — — —

01574314 20060301 1501 < .008 — — < .050 < .010 < .010 < .005

01574314 20060501 1035 — 87.6 < .016 — — — —

01574314 20060501 1036 < .008 — — < .050 < .010 < .010 < .005

01574314 20060501 1037 — 88.2 < .016 — — — —

01574314 20060501 1038 < .008 — — < .050 < .010 < .010 < .005

01574314 20060705 1310 — 83.5 < .016 — — — —

01574314 20060705 1315 < .008 — — < .050 < .010 < .010 < .005

01574314 20060906 1300 — 82 < .016 — — — —

01574314 20060906 1301 < .008 — — < .050 < .010 < .010 < .005

1

For recoveries of surrogate compounds, an “E” designation indicates either (1) there was 

two continuing calibration verification sample values fell outside the limits of compliance. 

2

Because of low long-term recoveries, this compound will be qualified. 

a potential interference with recovery or (2) one or both of the 
72 Concentrations of Selected Pharmaceuticals and Antibiotics in South-Central Pennsylvania, March Through September 2006

Station number Date Time

Erythromycin, 

water,

fltrd 

(μg/L) 

(62797)

Ethyl 

nicotinate-d4, 

surrogate, 

water, fltrd, 

percent 

recovery 

(99571)1

Fluoxetine, 

water, 

fltrd 

(μg/L) 

(62011)2

Ibuprofen, 

water, 

fltrd

(μg/L) 

(62014)

Isochlorotetracycline, 

water, 

fltrd

(μg/L) 

(64175)

Isoepichlorotetracycline, 

water,

fltrd 

(μg/L)

(64047)

Lincomycin, 

water, 

fltrd 

(μg/L)

(62894)

01576420

01576420

01576420

01576420

01576420

01576420

01576420

01576420

01576422

01576422

01576422

01576422

01576422

01576422

01576422

01576422

01569346

01569346

01569346

01569346

01569346

01569346

01569346

01569346

01569349

01569349

01569349

01569349

01569349

01569349

01569349

01569349

01572146

01572146

01572146

01572146

01572146

01572146

01572146

01572146

01572148

01572148

01572148

01572148

01572148

01572148

20060306

20060306

20060522

20060522

20060717

20060717

20060911

20060911

20060306

20060306

20060522

20060522

20060717

20060717

20060911

20060911

20060405

20060405

20060523

20060523

20060726

20060726

20060927

20060927

20060405

20060405

20060523

20060523

20060726

20060726

20060927

20060927

20060320

20060320

20060518

20060518

20060731

20060731

20060926

20060926

20060320

20060320

20060518

20060518

20060731

20060731

1600

1601

1150

1151

1150

1151

1100

1101

1730

1731

1025

1026

1030

1031

1205

1206

1300

1301

1115

1116

1045

1046

0955

0956

1130

1131

1000

1001

1245

1246

1100

1101

1200

1201

1145

1146

1015

1016

0945

0946

1445

1446

1030

1031

1110

1111

—

< 0.008

—

< .008

—

< .008

—

< .008

—

.016

—

.011

—

< .008

—

< .008

—

< .008

—

< .008

—

< .008

—

< .008

—

< .008

—

< .008

—

< .008

—

< .008

—

< .008

—

< .008

—

< .008

—

< .008

—

< .008

—

< .008

—

< .008

87.4

—

93.8

—

E 75.4

—

91.1

—

78.2

—

75.5

—

E 106

—

71.2

—

98.4

—

90.2

—

111

—

85.7

—

97.6

—

91.4

—

104

—

86

—

89.2

—

92.3

—

123

—

86.9

—

91.9

—

89.5

—

110

—

< 0.016

—

< .016

—

< .016

—

< .016

—

< .016

—

< .016

—

< .016

—

< .016

—

< .016

—

< .016

—

< .016

—

< .016

—

< .016

—

< .016

—

< .016

—

< .016

—

< .016

—

< .016

—

< .016

—

< .016

—

< .016

—

< .016

—

< .016

—

—

< 0.050

—

< .050

—

< .050

< .050

—

< .050

—

< .050

—

< .050

—

< .050

—

< .050

—

< .050

—

< .050

—

< .050

—

< .050

—

< .050

—

< .050

—

< .050

—

< .050

—

< .050

—

< .050

—

< .050

—

< .050

—

< .050

—

< .050

—

< 0.010

—

< .010

—

< .010

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< 0.010

—

< .010

—

< .010

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< 0.005

—

< .005

—

< .005

< .005

—

< .005

—

< .005

—

< .005

—

< .005

—

< .005

—

< .005

—

< .005

—

< .005

—

< .005

—

< .005

—

< .005

—

< .005

—

< .005

—

< .005

—

< .005

—

< .005

—

< .005

—

< .005

—

< .005

1

For recoveries of surrogate compounds, an “E” designation indicates either (1) there was 

two continuing calibration verification sample values fell outside the limits of compliance. 

2

Because of low long-term recoveries, this compound will be qualified. 

a potential interference with recovery or (2) one or both of the 
Table 6 73

Station number Date Time

Erythromycin, 

water,

fltrd 

(μg/L) 

(62797)

Ethyl 

nicotinate-d4, 

surrogate, 

water, fltrd, 

percent 

recovery 

(99571)1

Fluoxetine, 

water, 

fltrd 

(μg/L) 

(62011)2

Ibuprofen, 

water, 

fltrd

(μg/L) 

(62014)

Isochlorotetracycline, 

water, 

fltrd

(μg/L) 

(64175)

Isoepichlorotetracycline, 

water,

fltrd 

(μg/L)

(64047)

Lincomycin, 

water, 

fltrd 

(μg/L)

(62894)

01572148

01572148

401704076293101

401704076293101

401704076293101

401704076293101

401704076293101

401704076293101

401704076293101

401704076293101

01573095

01573095

01573095

01573095

01573095

01573095

01573095

01573095

01574050

01574050

01574050

01574050

01574050

01574050

01574050

01574050

01574055

01574055

01574055

01574055

01574055

01574055

01574055

01574055

01575771

01575771

01575771

01575771

01575771

01575771

01575771

01575771

015757724

015757724

015757724

015757724

20060926

20060926

20060315

20060315

20060503

20060503

20060719

20060719

20060913

20060913

20060315

20060315

20060503

20060503

20060719

20060719

20060913

20060913

20060316

20060316

20060501

20060501

20060705

20060705

20060906

20060906

20060316

20060316

20060501

20060501

20060705

20060705

20060906

20060906

20060322

20060322

20060515

20060515

20060717

20060717

20060911

20060911

20060322

20060322

20060515

20060515

1055

1056

1145

1146

1345

1346

1430

1431

1400

1401

1030

1031

1245

1246

1330

1331

1305

1306

1030

1031

1350

1351

1045

1050

1030

1031

1130

1131

1245

1246

1145

1150

0925

0926

1000

1001

1055

1056

1410

1411

1450

1451

1100

1101

0915

0916

—

< 0.008

—

< .008

—

< .008

—

< .008

—

< .008

—

< .008

—

< .008

—

< .008

—

< .008

—

< .008

—

< .008

—

< .008

—

< .008

—

< .008

—

< .008

—

< .008

—

< .008

—

< .008

—

< .008

—

< .008

—

< .008

—

< .008

—

< .008

84.9

—

85.7

—

92

—

E 75.2

—

88.5

—

90.3

—

91.7

—

E 102

—

91

—

85.2

—

88.6

—

89.7

—

74.9

—

82.5

—

88.1

—

94.9

—

85.2

—

100

—

81.6

—

E 61.4

—

97.8

—

103

—

82.5

—

< 0.016

—

< .016

—

< .016

—

< .016

—

< .016

—

< .016

—

< .016

—

< .016

—

< .016

—

< .016

—

< .016

—

< .016

—

< .016

—

< .016

—

< .016

—

< .016

—

< .016

—

< .016

—

< .016

—

< .016

—

< .016

—

< .016

—

< .016

—

—

< 0.050

—

< .050

—

< .050

—

< .050

—

< .050

—

< .050

—

< .050

—

< .050

—

< .050

—

< .050

—

< .050

—

< .050

—

< .050

—

< .050

—

< .050

—

< .050

—

< .050

—

< .050

—

< .050

—

< .050

—

< .050

—

< .050

—

< .050

—

< 0.010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< 0.010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< 0.005

—

< .005

—

< .005

—

< .005

—

< .005

—

< .005

—

< .005

—

< .005

—

< .005

—

< .005

—

< .005

—

< .005

—

< .005

—

< .005

—

< .005

—

< .005

—

< .005

—

< .005

—

< .005

—

< .005

—

< .005

—

< .005

—

< .005

1

For recoveries of surrogate compounds, an “E” designation indicates either (1) there was 

two continuing calibration verification sample values fell outside the limits of compliance. 

2

Because of low long-term recoveries, this compound will be qualified. 

a potential interference with recovery or (2) one or both of the 
74 Concentrations of Selected Pharmaceuticals and Antibiotics in South-Central Pennsylvania, March Through September 2006

Ethyl Isochloro- Isoepichloro- Erythromycin, nicotinate-d4, Fluoxetine, Ibuprofen, Lincomycin, tetracycline, tetracycline, water, surrogate, water, water, water, water, water, Station number Date Time fltrd water, fltrd, fltrd fltrd fltrd fltrd fltrd (μg/L) percent (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (62797) recovery (62011)2 (62014) (62894) (64175) (64047) (99571)1

015757724 20060717 1310— E 121 < 0.016— — — —

015757724 20060717 1311 < 0.008 — — < 0.050 < 0.010 < 0.010 < 0.005

015757724 20060911 1550— 86.7 < .016— — — —

015757724 20060911 1551 < .008 — — < .050 < .010 < .010 < .005

01578349 20060314 1145— 89 < .016— — — —

01578349 20060314 1146 < .008 — — < .050 < .010 < .010 < .005

01578349 20060511 1110— 90.1 < .016— — — —

01578349 20060511 1111 < .008 — — < .050 < .010 < .010 < .005

01578349 20060718 1250— E 78.8 < .016— — — —

01578349 20060718 1251 < .008 — — < .050 < .010 < .010 < .005

01578349 20060912 1215— 85.8 < .016— — — —

01578349 20060912 1216 < .008 — — < .050 < .010 < .010 < .005

015783492 20060314 1400— 81.6 < .016— — — —

015783492 20060314 1401 < .008 — — < .050 < .010 < .010 < .005

015783492 20060511 1010— 84 < .016— — — —

015783492 20060511 1011 < .008 — — < .050 < .010 < .010 < .005

015783492 20060718 1115— E 75.1 < .016— — — —

015783492 20060718 1116 < .008 — — < .050 < .010 < .010 < .005

015783492 20060912 1115— 87.8 < .016— — — —

015783492 20060912 1116 < .008 — — < .050 < .010 < .010 < .005

394643077043101 20060309 1230 — 99.5 < .016 ————

394643077043101 20060309 1231 < .008 — — < .050 < .010 < .010 < .005

394643077043101 20060504 1110 — 101 < .016 ————

394643077043101 20060504 1111 < .008 — — < .050 < .010 < .010 < .005

394643077043101 20060504 1112 — 98.2 < .016 — — — —

394643077043101 20060504 1113 < .008 — — < .050 < .010 < .010 < .005

394643077043101 20060710 1125 — 105 < .016 ————

394643077043101 20060710 1130 < .008 — — < .050 < .010 < .010 < .005

394643077043101 20060925 1055 — 88.8 < .016 ————

394643077043101 20060925 1056 < .008 — — < .050 < .010 < .010 < .005

400610076282501 20060406 1030 — 100.3 < .016 ————

400610076282501 20060406 1031 < .008 — — < .050 < .010 < .010 < .005

400610076282501 20060515 1315 — 95.1 < .016 ————

400610076282501 20060515 1316 < .008 — — < .050 < .010 < .010 < .005

400610076282501 20060515 1317 — 97.1 < .016 — — — —

400610076282501 20060515 1318 < .008 — — < .050 < .010 < .010 < .005

400610076282501 20060713 1100 — 106 < .016 ————

400610076282501 20060713 1101 < .008 — — < .050 < .010 < .010 < .005

400610076282501 20060907 1100 — 96.6 < .016 ————

400610076282501 20060907 1101 < .008 — — < .050 < .010 < .010 < .005

400610076282501 20060907 1105 — 96.4 < .016 — — — —

400610076282501 20060907 1106 < .008 — — < .050 < .010 < .010 < .005

401712076235101 20060403 1415 — 101 < .016 ————

401712076235101 20060403 1416 < .008 — — < .050 < .010 < .010 < .005

401712076235101 20060517 1410 — 93 < .016 ————

401712076235101 20060517 1411 < .008 — — < .050 < .010 < .010 < .005

1

For recoveries of surrogate compounds, an “E” designation indicates either (1) there was a potential interference with recovery or (2) one or both of the 

two continuing calibration verification sample values fell outside the limits of compliance. 

2

Because of low long-term recoveries, this compound will be qualified. 
Table 6 75

Station number Date Time

Erythromycin, 

water,

fltrd 

(μg/L) 

(62797)

Ethyl 

nicotinate-d4, 

surrogate, 

water, fltrd, 

percent 

recovery 

(99571)1

Fluoxetine, 

water, 

fltrd 

(μg/L) 

(62011)2

Ibuprofen, 

water, 

fltrd

(μg/L) 

(62014)

Isochlorotetracycline, 

water, 

fltrd

(μg/L) 

(64175)

Isoepichlorotetracycline, 

water,

fltrd 

(μg/L)

(64047)

Lincomycin, 

water, 

fltrd 

(μg/L)

(62894)

401712076235101

401712076235101

401712076235101

401712076235101

401920078130101

401920078130101

401920078130101

401920078130101

401920078130101

401920078130101

401920078130101

401920078130101

402052076160101

402052076160101

402052076160101

402052076160101

402052076160101

402052076160101

402052076160101

402052076160101

405931076555601

405931076555601

405931076555601

405931076555601

405931076555601

405931076555601

405931076555601

405931076555601

405931076555601

405931076555601

20060712

20060712

20060920

20060920

20060329

20060329

20060509

20060509

20060725

20060725

20060914

20060914

20060403

20060403

20060517

20060517

20060712

20060712

20060920

20060920

20060323

20060323

20060502

20060502

20060711

20060711

20060711

20060711

20060921

20060921

1355

1400

1400

1401

1300

1301

1400

1401

1250

1251

1230

1231

1130

1131

1135

1136

1140

1145

1050

1051

1140

1141

1140

1141

1150

1155

1200

1205

1215

1216

—

< 0.008

—

< .008

—

< .008

—

< .008

—

< .008

—

< .008

—

< .008

—

< .008

—

< .008

—

< .008

—

< .008

—

< .008

—

< .008

—

< .008

—

< .008

95.7

—

93.8

—

111

—

106

—

114

—

92.6

—

104

—

97.1

—

104

—

94.8

—

105

—

99.5

—

105

—

100

—

87.9

—

< 0.016

—

< .016

—

< .016

—

< .016

—

< .016

—

< .016

—

< .016

—

< .016

—

< .016

—

< .016

—

< .016

—

< .016

—

< .016

—

< .016

—

< .016

—

—

< 0.050

—

< .050

—

< .050

—

< .050

—

< .050

—

< .050

—

< .050

—

< .050

—

< .050

—

< .050

—

< .050

—

< .050

—

< .050

—

< .050

—

< .050

—

< 0.010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< 0.010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .010

—

< 0.005

—

< .005

—

< .005

—

< .005

—

< .005

—

< .005

—

< .005

—

< .005

—

< .005

—

< .005

—

< .005

—

< .005

—

< .005

—

< .005

—

< .005

1

For recoveries of surrogate compounds, an “E” designation indicates either (1) there was 

two continuing calibration verification sample values fell outside the limits of compliance. 

2

Because of low long-term recoveries, this compound will be qualified. 

a potential interference with recovery or (2) one or both of the 
76 Concentrations of Selected Pharmaceuticals and Antibiotics in South-Central Pennsylvania, March Through September 2006

Lome- Oxytetra- Norfloxacin, Ofloxacin, Ormetoprim, p-Xanthine, Ranitidine, Roxithromycin, floxacin, cycline, water, water, water, water, water, water, water, water, Station number Date Time fltrd fltrd fltrd fltrd fltrd fltrd fltrd fltrd (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (62757) (62899) (62962) (62030) (62019)2 (62895) (62900) (61759)

01470857 20060306 1130 — — — — — < 0.021 < 0.025 —

01470857 20060306 1131 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.010 — — < 0.005

01470857 20060508 1215 — — — — — < .021 < .025 —

01470857 20060508 1216 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .010 — — < .005

01470857 20060720 1130 — — — — — < .021 < .025 —

01470857 20060720 1131 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .010 — — < .005

01470857 20060918 1235 — — — — — < .021 < .025 —

01470857 20060918 1236 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .010 — — < .005

01470858 20060306 1300 — — — — — < .021 < .025 —

01470858 20060306 1301 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .010 — — < .005

01470858 20060508 1100 — — — — — < .021 < .025 —

01470858 20060508 1101 < .005 < .005 .008 < .005 < .010 — — < .005

01470858 20060720 1030 — — — — — < .021 < .025 —

01470858 20060720 1031 < .005 < .005 .009 < .005 < .010 — — < .005

01470858 20060918 1120 — — — — — < .021 < .025 —

01470858 20060918 1121 < .005 < .005 .012 < .005 < .010 — — < .005

01470858 20060918 1125 — — — — — < .021 < .025 —

01470858 20060918 1126 < .005 < .005 .011 < .005 < .010 — — < .005

015693155 20060313 1100 — — — — — < .021 < .025 —

015693155 20060313 1101 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .010 — — < .005

015693155 20060510 1145 — — — — — < .021 < .025 —

015693155 20060510 1146 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .010 — — < .005

015693155 20060706 1130 — — — — — < .021 < .025 —

015693155 20060706 1135 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .010 — — < .005

015693155 20060919 1020 — — — — — < .021 < .025 —

015693155 20060919 1021 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .010 — — < .005

015693158 20060313 1300 — — — — — < .021 E(3) .015 —

015693158 20060313 1301 < .005 < .005 .032 < .005 < .010 — — < .005

015693158 20060510 1030 — — — — — < .021 E(3) .051 —

015693158 20060510 1031 < .005 < .005 .009 < .005 < .010 — — < .005

015693158 20060510 1036 < .005 < .005 .023 < .005 < .010 — — < .005

015693158 20060706 1020 — — — — — < .021 E(3) .007 —

015693158 20060706 1025 < .005 < .005 .022 < .005 < .010 — — < .005

015693158 20060706 1030 — — — — — < .021 E(3) .006 —

015693158 20060706 1035 < .005 < .005 .022 < .005 < .010 — — < .005

015693158 20060919 1200 — — — — — < .021 E(3) .018 —

015693158 20060919 1201 < .005 < .005 .017 < .005 < .010 — — < .005

01571193 20060405 1600 — — — — — < .021 < .025 —

01571193 20060405 1601 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .010 — — < .005

01571193 20060516 1210 — — — — — < .021 < .025 —

01571193 20060516 1211 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .010 — — < .005

01571193 20060726 1500 — — — — — < .021 < .025 —

01571193 20060726 1501 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .010 — — < .005

2

Because of low long-term recoveries, this compound will be qualified. 
Table 6 77

Lome- Oxytetra- Norfloxacin, Ofloxacin, Ormetoprim, p-Xanthine, Ranitidine, Roxithromycin, floxacin, cycline, water, water, water, water, water, water, water, water, Station number Date Time fltrd fltrd fltrd fltrd fltrd fltrd fltrd fltrd (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (62757) (62899) (62962) (62030) (62019)2 (62895) (62900) (61759)

01571193 20060905 1105 — — — — — < 0.021 < 0.025 —

01571193 20060905 1106 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.010 — — < 0.005

01571195 20060405 1800 — — — — — < .021 < .025 —

01571195 20060405 1801 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .010 — — < .005

01571195 20060516 1050 — — — — — < .021 < .025 —

01571195 20060516 1051 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .010 — — < .005

01571195 20060726 1600 — — — — — < .021 < .025 —

01571195 20060726 1601 < .005 < .005 .005 < .005 < .010 — — < .005

01571195 20060905 0950 — — — — — < .021 < .025 —

01571195 20060905 0951 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .010 — — < .005

01573151 20060307 1415 — — — — — E(2) .019 < .025 —

01573151 20060307 1416 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .010 — — < .005

01573151 20060503 1040 — — — — — < .021 < .025 —

01573151 20060503 1041 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .010 — — < .005

01573151 20060719 1110 — — — — — < .021 < .025 —

01573151 20060719 1111 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .010 — — < .005

01573151 20060913 1100 — — — — — < .021 < .025 —

01573151 20060913 1101 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .010 — — < .005

01573153 20060307 1230 — — — — — .853 E(3) .019 —

01573153 20060307 1231 < .005 < .005 .171 < .005 < .010 — — < .005

01573153 20060307 1235 — — — — — .997 E(3) .025 —

01573153 20060307 1236 < .005 < .005 .204 < .005 < .010 — — < .005

01573153 20060503 0940 — — — — — < .021 E(3) .040 —

01573153 20060503 0941 < .005 < .005 .267 < .005 < .010 — — < .005

01573153 20060719 1010 — — — — — < .021 < .025 —

01573153 20060719 1011 < .005 < .005 .062 < .005 < .010 — — < .005

01573153 20060913 0950 — — — — — < .021 < .025 —

01573153 20060913 0951 < .005 < .005 .329 < .005 < .010 — — < .005

01574310 20060301 1600 — — — — — < .021 < .025 —

01574310 20060301 1601 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .010 — — < .005

01574310 20060501 0940 — — — — — < .021 < .025 —

01574310 20060501 0941 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .010 — — < .005

01574310 20060705 1420 — — — — — < .021 < .025 —

01574310 20060705 1425 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .010 — — < .005

01574310 20060906 1200 — — — — — < .021 < .025 —

01574310 20060906 1201 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .010 — — < .005

01574314 20060301 1500 — — — — — < .021 < .025 —

01574314 20060301 1501 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .010 — — < .005

01574314 20060501 1035 — — — — — < .021 < .025 —

01574314 20060501 1036 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .010 — — < .005

01574314 20060501 1037 — — — — — < .021 < .025 —

01574314 20060501 1038 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .010 — — < .005

01574314 20060705 1310 — — — — — < .021 < .025 —

01574314 20060705 1315 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .010 — — < .005

01574314 20060906 1300 — — — — — < .021 < .025 —

01574314 20060906 1301 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .010 — — < .005

2Because of low long-term recoveries, this compound will be qualified. 
78 Concentrations of Selected Pharmaceuticals and Antibiotics in South-Central Pennsylvania, March Through September 2006

Lome- Oxytetra- Norfloxacin, Ofloxacin, Ormetoprim, p-Xanthine, Ranitidine, Roxithromycin, floxacin, cycline, water, water, water, water, water, water, water, water, Station number Date Time fltrd fltrd fltrd fltrd fltrd fltrd fltrd fltrd (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (62757) (62899) (62962) (62030) (62019)2 (62895) (62900) (61759)

01576420 20060306 1600 — — — — — < 0.021 < 0.025 —

01576420 20060306 1601 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.006 < 0.005 < 0.010 — — < 0.005

01576420 20060522 1150 — — — — — < .021 < .025 —

01576420 20060522 1151 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .010 — — < .005

01576420 20060717 1150 — — — — — < .021 < .025 —

01576420 20060717 1151 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .010 — — < .005

01576420 20060911 1100 — — — — — < .021 < .025 —

01576420 20060911 1101 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .005 .038 — — < .005

01576422 20060306 1730 — — — — — < .021 < .025 —

01576422 20060306 1731 < .005 < .005 .056 < .005 < .010 — — < .005

01576422 20060522 1025 — — — — — < .021 < .025 —

01576422 20060522 1026 < .005 < .005 .023 < .005 < .010 — — < .005

01576422 20060717 1030 — — — — — < .021 < .025 —

01576422 20060717 1031 < .005 < .005 .036 < .005 < .010 — — < .005

01576422 20060911 1205 — — — — — < .021 < .025 —

01576422 20060911 1206 < .005 < .005 .069 < .005 .015 — — < .005

01569346 20060405 1300 — — — — — < .021 < .025 —

01569346 20060405 1301 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .010 — — < .005

01569346 20060523 1115 — — — — — < .021 < .025 —

01569346 20060523 1116 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .010 — — < .005

01569346 20060726 1045 — — — — — < .021 < .025 —

01569346 20060726 1046 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .010 — — < .005

01569346 20060927 0955 — — — — — < .021 < .025 —

01569346 20060927 0956 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .010 — — < .005

01569349 20060405 1130 — — — — — < .021 < .025 —

01569349 20060405 1131 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .010 — — < .005

01569349 20060523 1000 — — — — — < .021 < .025 —

01569349 20060523 1001 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .010 — — < .005

01569349 20060726 1245 — — — — — < .021 < .025 —

01569349 20060726 1246 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .010 — — < .005

01569349 20060927 1100 — — — — — < .021 < .025 —

01569349 20060927 1101 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .010 — — < .005

01572146 20060320 1200 — — — — — < .021 < .025 —

01572146 20060320 1201 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .010 — — < .005

01572146 20060518 1145 — — — — — < .021 < .025 —

01572146 20060518 1146 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .010 — — < .005

01572146 20060731 1015 — — — — — < .021 < .025 —

01572146 20060731 1016 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .010 — — < .005

01572146 20060926 0945 — — — — — < .021 < .025 —

01572146 20060926 0946 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .010 — — < .005

01572148 20060320 1445 — — — — — < .021 < .025 —

01572148 20060320 1446 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .010 — — < .005

01572148 20060518 1030 — — — — — < .021 < .025 —

01572148 20060518 1031 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .010 — — < .005

01572148 20060731 1110 — — — — — < .021 < .025 —

01572148 20060731 1111 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .010 — — < .005

2

Because of low long-term recoveries, this compound will be qualified. 
Table 6 79

Lome- Oxytetra- Norfloxacin, Ofloxacin, Ormetoprim, p-Xanthine, Ranitidine, Roxithromycin, floxacin, cycline, water, water, water, water, water, water, water, water, Station number Date Time fltrd fltrd fltrd fltrd fltrd fltrd fltrd fltrd (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (62757) (62899) (62962) (62030) (62019)2 (62895) (62900) (61759)

01572148 20060926 1055 — — — — — < 0.021 < 0.025 —

01572148 20060926 1056 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.010 — — < 0.005

401704076293101 20060315 1145 — — — — — < .021 < .025 —

401704076293101 20060315 1146 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .010 — — < .005

401704076293101 20060503 1345 — — — — — < .021 < .025 —

401704076293101 20060503 1346 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .010 — — < .005

401704076293101 20060719 1430 — — — — — < .021 < .025 —

401704076293101 20060719 1431 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .010 — — < .005

401704076293101 20060913 1400 — — — — — < .021 < .025 —

401704076293101 20060913 1401 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .010 — — < .005

01573095 20060315 1030 — — — — — < .021 < .025 —

01573095 20060315 1031 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .010 — — < .005

01573095 20060503 1245 — — — — — < .021 < .025 —

01573095 20060503 1246 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .010 — — < .005

01573095 20060719 1330 — — — — — < .021 < .025 —

01573095 20060719 1331 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .010 — — < .005

01573095 20060913 1305 — — — — — < .021 < .025 —

01573095 20060913 1306 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .010 — — < .005

01574050 20060316 1030 — — — — — < .021 < .025 —

01574050 20060316 1031 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .010 — — < .005

01574050 20060501 1350 — — — — — < .021 < .025 —

01574050 20060501 1351 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .010 — — < .005

01574050 20060705 1045 — — — — — < .021 < .025 —

01574050 20060705 1050 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .010 — — < .005

01574050 20060906 1030 — — — — — < .021 < .025 —

01574050 20060906 1031 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .010 — — < .005

01574055 20060316 1130 — — — — — < .021 < .025 —

01574055 20060316 1131 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .005 .019 — — < .005

01574055 20060501 1245 — — — — — < .021 < .025 —

01574055 20060501 1246 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .010 — — < .005

01574055 20060705 1145 — — — — — < .021 < .025 —

01574055 20060705 1150 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .010 — — < .005

01574055 20060906 0925 — — — — — < .021 < .025 —

01574055 20060906 0926 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .010 — — < .005

01575771 20060322 1000 — — — — — < .021 < .025 —

01575771 20060322 1001 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .010 — — < .005

01575771 20060515 1055 — — — — — < .021 < .025 —

01575771 20060515 1056 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .010 — — < .005

01575771 20060717 1410 — — — — — < .021 < .025 —

01575771 20060717 1411 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .010 — — < .005

01575771 20060911 1450 — — — — — < .021 < .025 —

01575771 20060911 1451 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .010 — — < .005

015757724 20060322 1100 — — — — — < .021 < .025 —

015757724 20060322 1101 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .010 — — < .005

015757724 20060515 0915 — — — — — < .021 < .025 —

015757724 20060515 0916 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .010 — — < .005

2Because of low long-term recoveries, this compound will be qualified. 
80 Concentrations of Selected Pharmaceuticals and Antibiotics in South-Central Pennsylvania, March Through September 2006

Lome- Oxytetra- Norfloxacin, Ofloxacin, Ormetoprim, p-Xanthine, Ranitidine, Roxithromycin, floxacin, cycline, water, water, water, water, water, water, water, water, Station number Date Time fltrd fltrd fltrd fltrd fltrd fltrd fltrd fltrd (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (62757) (62899) (62962) (62030) (62019)2 (62895) (62900) (61759)

015757724 20060717 1310 — — — — — < 0.021 < 0.025 —

015757724 20060717 1311 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.010 — — < 0.005

015757724 20060911 1550 — — — — — < .021 < .025 —

015757724 20060911 1551 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .010 — — < .005

01578349 20060314 1145 — — — — — < .021 < .025 —

01578349 20060314 1146 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .010 — — < .005

01578349 20060511 1110 — — — — — < .021 < .025 —

01578349 20060511 1111 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .010 — — < .005

01578349 20060718 1250 — — — — — < .021 < .025 —

01578349 20060718 1251 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .010 — — < .005

01578349 20060912 1215 — — — — — < .021 < .025 —

01578349 20060912 1216 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .010 — — < .005

015783492 20060314 1400 — — — — — < .021 < .025 —

015783492 20060314 1401 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .010 — — < .005

015783492 20060511 1010 — — — — — < .021 < .025 —

015783492 20060511 1011 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .010 — — < .005

015783492 20060718 1115 — — — — — < .021 < .025 —

015783492 20060718 1116 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .010 — — < .005

015783492 20060912 1115 — — — — — < .021 < .025 —

015783492 20060912 1116 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .010 — — < .005

394643077043101 20060309 1230 — — — — — < .021 < .025 —

394643077043101 20060309 1231 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .010 — — < .005

394643077043101 20060504 1110 — — — — — < .021 < .025 —

394643077043101 20060504 1111 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .010 — — < .005

394643077043101 20060504 1112 — — — — — < .021 < .025 —

394643077043101 20060504 1113 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .010 — — < .005

394643077043101 20060710 1125 — — — — — < .021 < .025 —

394643077043101 20060710 1130 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .010 — — < .005

394643077043101 20060925 1055 — — ——— < .021 < .025 —

394643077043101 20060925 1056 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .010 — — < .005

400610076282501 20060406 1030 — — ——— < .021 < .025 —

400610076282501 20060406 1031 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .010 — — < .005

400610076282501 20060515 1315 — — — — — < .021 < .025 —

400610076282501 20060515 1316 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .010 — — < .005

400610076282501 20060515 1317 — — — — — < .021 < .025 —

400610076282501 20060515 1318 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .010 — — < .005

400610076282501 20060713 1100 — — ——— < .021 < .025 —

400610076282501 20060713 1101 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .010 — — < .005

400610076282501 20060907 1100 — — — — — < .021 < .025 —

400610076282501 20060907 1101 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .010 — — < .005

400610076282501 20060907 1105 — — — — — < .021 < .025 —

400610076282501 20060907 1106 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .010 — — < .005

401712076235101 20060403 1415 — — ——— < .021 < .025 —

401712076235101 20060403 1416 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .010 — — < .005

401712076235101 20060517 1410 — — ——— < .021 < .025 —

401712076235101 20060517 1411 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .010 — — < .005

2

Because of low long-term recoveries, this compound will be qualified. 
Table 6 81

Lome- Oxytetra- Norfloxacin, Ofloxacin, Ormetoprim, p-Xanthine, Ranitidine, Roxithromycin, floxacin, cycline, water, water, water, water, water, water, water, water, Station number Date Time fltrd fltrd fltrd fltrd fltrd fltrd fltrd fltrd (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (62757) (62899) (62962) (62030) (62019)2 (62895) (62900) (61759)

401712076235101 20060712 1355 — — ——— < 0.021 < 0.025 —

401712076235101 20060712 1400 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.010 — — < 0.005

401712076235101 20060920 1400 — — ——— < .021 < .025 —

401712076235101 20060920 1401 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .010 — — < .005

401920078130101 20060329 1300 — — ——— < .021 < .025 —

401920078130101 20060329 1301 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .010 — — < .005

401920078130101 20060509 1400 — — ——— < .021 < .025 —

401920078130101 20060509 1401 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .010 — — < .005

401920078130101 20060725 1250 — — ——— < .021 < .025 —

401920078130101 20060725 1251 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .010 — — < .005

401920078130101 20060914 1230 — — ——— < .021 < .025 —

401920078130101 20060914 1231 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .010 — — < .005

402052076160101 20060403 1130 — — ——— < .021 < .025 —

402052076160101 20060403 1131 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .010 — — < .005

402052076160101 20060517 1135 — — ——— < .021 < .025 —

402052076160101 20060517 1136 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .010 — — < .005

402052076160101 20060712 1140 — — ——— < .021 < .025 —

402052076160101 20060712 1145 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .010 — — < .005

402052076160101 20060920 1050 — — ——— < .021 < .025 —

402052076160101 20060920 1051 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .010 — — < .005

405931076555601 20060323 1140 — — ——— < .021 < .025 —

405931076555601 20060323 1141 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .010 — — < .005

405931076555601 20060502 1140 — — ——— < .021 < .025 —

405931076555601 20060502 1141 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .010 — — < .005

405931076555601 20060711 1150 — — — — — < .021 < .025 —

405931076555601 20060711 1155 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .010 — — < .005

405931076555601 20060711 1200 — — — — — < .021 < .025 —

405931076555601 20060711 1205 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .010 — — < .005

405931076555601 20060921 1215 — — ——— < .021 < .025 —

405931076555601 20060921 1216 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .005 < .010 — — < .005

2Because of low long-term recoveries, this compound will be qualified. 
82 Concentrations of Selected Pharmaceuticals and Antibiotics in South-Central Pennsylvania, March Through September 2006

Station number Date Time

Salbutamol, 

water, 

fltrd

(μg/L)

(62020)

Sarafloxacin, 

water, 

fltrd 

(μg/L) 

(62771)

Sulfachloropyridazine, 

water, 

fltrd 

(μg/L)

(62774)

Sulfadiazine, 

water,

fltrd 

(μg/L)

(62963)

Sulfadimethozine, 

water, 

fltrd 

(μg/L) 

(62776)

Sulfamethazine, 

water, 

fltrd 

(μg/L)

(61762)

Sulfamethoxazole, 

water, 

fltrd

(μg/L)

NWQL

(62021)

Sulfamethoxazole, 

water, 

fltrd

(μg/L)

OGRL

(62775)

01470857 20060306 1130 < 0.014 — — — — — < 0.024 —

01470857 20060306 1131 — < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.050 < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005

01470857 20060508 1215 < .014 — — — — — < .024 —

01470857 20060508 1216 — < .005 < .005 < .050 < .005 < .005 — < .005

01470857 20060720 1130 < .014 — — — — — < .024 —

01470857 20060720 1131 — < .005 < .005 < .050 < .005 < .005 — < .005

01470857 20060918 1235 < .014 — — — — — < .024 —

01470857 20060918 1236 — < .005 < .005 < .050 < .005 < .005 — < .005

01470858 20060306 1300 < .014 — — — — — E(4) .042 —

01470858 20060306 1301 — < .005 < .005 < .050 < .005 < .005 — —

01470858 20060508 1100 < .014 — — — — — .212 —

01470858 20060508 1101 — < .005 < .005 < .050 < .005 < .005 — .123

01470858 20060720 1030 < .014 — — — — — E(2) .020 —

01470858 20060720 1031 — < .005 < .005 < .050 < .005 < .005 — .082

01470858 20060918 1120 < .014 — — — — — < .024 —

01470858 20060918 1121 — < .005 < .005 < .050 < .005 < .005 — .148

01470858 20060918 1125 < .014 — — — — — E(4) .072 —

01470858 20060918 1126 — < .005 < .005 < .050 < .005 < .005 — .159

015693155 20060313 1100 < .014 — — — — — < .024 —

015693155 20060313 1101 — < .005 < .005 < .050 < .005 < .005 — < .005

015693155 20060510 1145 < .014 — — — — — < .024 —

015693155 20060510 1146 — < .005 < .005 < .050 < .005 < .005 — < .005

015693155 20060706 1130 < .014 — — — — — < .024 —

015693155 20060706 1135 — < .005 < .005 < .050 < .005 < .005 — < .005

015693155 20060919 1020 < .014 — — — — — < .024 —

015693155 20060919 1021 — < .005 < .005 < .050 < .005 < .005 — < .005

015693158 20060313 1300 < .014 — — — — — < .027 —

015693158 20060313 1301 — < .005 < .005 < .050 < .005 < .005 — .150

015693158

015693158

20060510

20060510

1030

1031

E(1) .005

—

—

< .005

—

< .005

—

< .050

—

< .005

—

< .005

.552

—

—

.434

015693158 20060510 1036 — < .005 < .005 < .050 < .005 < .005 — .426

015693158

015693158

20060706

20060706

1020

1025

E(1) .004

—

—

< .005

—

< .005

—

< .050

—

< .005

—

< .005

.082

—

—

.110

015693158 20060706 1030 E(1) .004 — — — — — .078 —

015693158 20060706 1035 — < .005 < .005 < .050 < .005 < .005 — .268

015693158 20060919 1200 < .014 — — — — — .243 —

015693158 20060919 1201 — < .005 < .005 < .050 < .005 < .005 — .766

01571193 20060405 1600 < .014 — — — — — < .024 —

01571193 20060405 1601 — < .005 < .005 < .050 < .005 < .005 — < .005

01571193 20060516 1210 < .014 — — — — — < .024 —

01571193 20060516 1211 — < .005 < .005 < .050 < .005 < .005 — < .005

01571193 20060726 1500 < .014 — — — — — < .024 —

01571193 20060726 1501 — < .005 < .005 < .050 < .005 < .005 — < .005
Table 6 83

Station number Date Time

Salbutamol, 

water, 

fltrd

(μg/L)

(62020)

Sarafloxacin, 

water, 

fltrd 

(μg/L) 

(62771)

Sulfachloropyridazine, 

water, 

fltrd 

(μg/L)

(62774)

Sulfadiazine, 

water,

fltrd 

(μg/L)

(62963)

Sulfadimethozine, 

water, 

fltrd 

(μg/L) 

(62776)

Sulfamethazine, 

water, 

fltrd 

(μg/L)

(61762)

Sulfamethoxazole, 

water, 

fltrd

(μg/L)

NWQL

(62021)

Sulfamethoxazole, 

water, 

fltrd

(μg/L)

OGRL

(62775)

01571193 20060905 1105 < 0.014 — — — — — < 0.024 —

01571193 20060905 1106 — < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.050 < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005

01571195 20060405 1800 < .014 — — — — — < .024 —

01571195 20060405 1801 — < .005 < .005 < .050 < .005 < .005 — < .005

01571195 20060516 1050 < .014 — — — — — < .024 —

01571195 20060516 1051 — < .005 < .005 < .050 < .005 < .005 — < .005

01571195 20060726 1600 < .014 — — — — — < .024 —

01571195 20060726 1601 — < .005 < .005 < .050 < .005 < .005 — .023

01571195 20060905 0950 < .014 — — — — — E(1) .006 —

01571195 20060905 0951 — < .005 < .005 < .050 < .005 < .005 — < .005

01573151 20060307 1415 < .014 — — — — — < .024 —

01573151 20060307 1416 — < .005 < .005 < .050 < .005 < .005 — < .005

01573151 20060503 1040 < .014 — — — — — < .024 —

01573151 20060503 1041 — < .005 < .005 < .050 < .005 < .005 — < .005

01573151 20060719 1110 < .014 — — — — — < .024 —

01573151 20060719 1111 — < .005 < .005 < .050 < .005 < .005 — < .005

01573151 20060913 1100 < .014 — — — — — E(2) .022 —

01573151 20060913 1101 — < .005 < .005 < .050 < .005 < .005 — .013

01573153

01573153

20060307

20060307

1230

1231

E(2) .009

—

—

< .005

—

< .005

—

.121

—

< .005

—

< .005

< .186

—

—

.355

01573153 20060307 1235 E(2) .010 — — — — — < .185 —

01573153 20060307 1236 — < .005 < .005 .164 < .005 < .005 — .508

01573153 20060503 0940 E(2) .012 — — — — — < .024 —

01573153 20060503 0941 — < .005 < .005 < .050 < .005 < .005 — .042

01573153 20060719 1010 < .014 — — — — — E(2) .020 —

01573153 20060719 1011 — < .005 < .005 < .050 < .005 < .005 — .149

01573153 20060913 0950 < .014 — — — — — E(4) .218 —

01573153 20060913 0951 — < .005 < .005 < .050 < .005 < .005 — 1.340

01574310 20060301 1600 < .014 — — — — — < .024 —

01574310 20060301 1601 — < .005 < .005 < .050 < .005 < .005 — < .005

01574310 20060501 0940 < .014 — — — — — < .024 —

01574310 20060501 0941 — < .005 < .005 < .050 < .005 < .005 — < .005

01574310 20060705 1420 < .014 — — — — — < .024 —

01574310 20060705 1425 — < .005 < .005 < .050 < .005 < .005 — < .005

01574310 20060906 1200 < .014 — — — — — < .024 —

01574310 20060906 1201 — < .005 < .005 < .050 < .005 < .005 — < .005

01574314 20060301 1500 < .014 — — — — — < .024 —

01574314 20060301 1501 — < .005 < .005 < .050 < .005 < .005 — < .005

01574314 20060501 1035 < .014 — — — — — < .024 —

01574314 20060501 1036 — < .005 < .005 < .050 < .005 < .005 — < .005

01574314 20060501 1037 < .014 — — — — — < .024 —

01574314 20060501 1038 — < .005 < .005 < .050 < .005 < .005 — < .055

01574314 20060705 1310 < .014 — — — — — < .024 —

01574314 20060705 1315 — < .005 < .005 < .050 < .005 < .005 — < .005

01574314 20060906 1300 < .014 — — — — — < .024 —

01574314 20060906 1301 — < .005 < .005 < .050 < .005 < .005 — < .005
84 Concentrations of Selected Pharmaceuticals and Antibiotics in South-Central Pennsylvania, March Through September 2006

Station number Date Time

Salbutamol, 

water, 

fltrd

(μg/L)

(62020)

Sarafloxacin, 

water, 

fltrd 

(μg/L) 

(62771)

Sulfachloropyridazine, 

water, 

fltrd 

(μg/L)

(62774)

Sulfadiazine, 

water,

fltrd 

(μg/L)

(62963)

Sulfadimethozine, 

water, 

fltrd 

(μg/L) 

(62776)

Sulfamethazine, 

water, 

fltrd 

(μg/L)

(61762)

Sulfamethoxazole, 

water, 

fltrd

(μg/L)

NWQL

(62021)

Sulfamethoxazole, 

water, 

fltrd

(μg/L)

OGRL

(62775)

01576420 20060306 1600 < 0.014 — — — — — < 0.024 —

01576420 20060306 1601 — < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.050 < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.067

01576420 20060522 1150 < .014 — — — — — < .024 —

01576420 20060522 1151 — < .005 < .005 < .050 < .005 < .005 — < .005

01576420 20060717 1150 < .014 — — — — — < .024 —

01576420 20060717 1151 — < .005 < .005 < .050 < .005 < .005 — < .005

01576420 20060911 1100 < .014 — — — — — < .024 —

01576420 20060911 1101 — < .005 < .005 < .050 < .005 < .005 — < .005

01576422 20060306 1730 < .014 — — — — — E(4) .091 —

01576422 20060306 1731 — < .005 < .005 < .050 < .005 < .005 — .142

01576422 20060522 1025 < .014 — — — — — .262 —

01576422 20060522 1026 — < .005 < .005 < .050 < .005 < .005 — .136

01576422 20060717 1030 < .014 — — — — — E(4) .030 —

01576422 20060717 1031 — < .005 < .005 < .050 < .005 < .005 — .117

01576422 20060911 1205 < .014 — — — — — E(4) .064 —

01576422 20060911 1206 — < .005 < .005 < .050 < .005 < .005 — .108

01569346 20060405 1300 < .014 — — — — — < .024 —

01569346 20060405 1301 — < .005 < .005 < .050 < .005 < .005 — < .005

01569346 20060523 1115 < .014 — — — — — < .024 —

01569346 20060523 1116 — < .005 < .005 < .050 < .005 < .005 — < .005

01569346 20060726 1045 < .014 — — — — — < .024 —

01569346 20060726 1046 — < .005 < .005 < .050 < .005 < .005 — < .005

01569346 20060927 0955 < .014 — — — — — < .024 —

01569346 20060927 0956 — < .005 < .005 < .050 < .005 < .005 — < .005

01569349 20060405 1130 < .014 — — — — — < .024 —

01569349 20060405 1131 — < .005 < .005 < .050 < .005 < .005 — < .005

01569349 20060523 1000 < .014 — — — — — < .024 —

01569349 20060523 1001 — < .005 < .005 < .050 < .005 < .005 — < .005

01569349 20060726 1245 < .014 — — — — — < .024 —

01569349 20060726 1246 — < .005 < .005 < .050 < .005 < .005 — < .005

01569349 20060927 1100 < .014 — — — — — < .024 —

01569349 20060927 1101 — < .005 < .005 < .050 < .005 < .005 — < .005

01572146 20060320 1200 < .014 — — — — — < .024 —

01572146 20060320 1201 — < .005 < .005 < .050 < .005 < .005 — < .005

01572146 20060518 1145 < .014 — — — — — < .024 —

01572146 20060518 1146 — < .005 < .005 < .050 < .005 < .005 — < .005

01572146 20060731 1015 < .014 — — — — — < .024 —

01572146 20060731 1016 — < .005 < .005 < .050 < .005 < .005 — < .005

01572146 20060926 0945 < .014 — — — — — < .024 —

01572146 20060926 0946 — < .005 < .005 < .050 < .005 < .005 — < .005

01572148 20060320 1445 < .014 — — — — — < .024 —

01572148 20060320 1446 — < .005 < .005 < .050 < .005 < .005 — < .005

01572148 20060518 1030 < .014 — — — — — < .024 —

01572148 20060518 1031 — < .005 < .005 < .050 < .005 < .005 — < .005

01572148 20060731 1110 < .014 — — — — — < .024 —

01572148 20060731 1111 — < .005 < .005 < .050 < .005 < .005 — < .005
Table 6 85

Station number Date Time

Salbutamol, 

water, 

fltrd

(μg/L)

(62020)

Sarafloxacin, 

water, 

fltrd 

(μg/L) 

(62771)

Sulfachloropyridazine, 

water, 

fltrd 

(μg/L)

(62774)

Sulfadiazine, 

water,

fltrd 

(μg/L)

(62963)

Sulfadimethozine, 

water, 

fltrd 

(μg/L) 

(62776)

Sulfamethazine, 

water, 

fltrd 

(μg/L)

(61762)

Sulfamethoxazole, 

water, 

fltrd

(μg/L)

NWQL

(62021)

Sulfamethoxazole, 

water, 

fltrd

(μg/L)

OGRL

(62775)

01572148 20060926 1055 < 0.014 — — — — — < 0.024 —

01572148 20060926 1056 — < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.050 < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005

401704076293101 20060315 1145 < .014 — — — — — < .024 —

401704076293101 20060315 1146 — < .005 < .005 < .050 < .005 < .005 — < .005

401704076293101 20060503 1345 < .014 — — — — — < .024 —

401704076293101 20060503 1346 — < .005 < .005 < .050 < .005 < .005 — < .005

401704076293101 20060719 1430 < .014 — — — — — < .024 —

401704076293101 20060719 1431 — < .005 < .005 < .050 < .005 < .005 — < .005

401704076293101 20060913 1400 < .014 — — — — — < .024 —

401704076293101 20060913 1401 — < .005 < .005 < .050 < .005 < .005 — < .005

01573095 20060315 1030 < .014 — — — — — < .024 —

01573095 20060315 1031 — < .005 < .005 < .050 < .005 < .005 — < .005

01573095 20060503 1245 < .014 — — — — — < .024 —

01573095 20060503 1246 — < .005 < .005 < .050 < .005 < .005 — < .005

01573095 20060719 1330 < .014 — — — — — < .024 —

01573095 20060719 1331 — < .005 < .005 < .050 < .005 < .005 — < .005

01573095 20060913 1305 < .014 — — — — — E .008 —

01573095 20060913 1306 — < .005 < .005 < .050 < .005 < .005 — < .005

01574050 20060316 1030 < .014 — — — — — < .024 —

01574050 20060316 1031 — < .005 < .005 < .050 < .005 < .005 — < .005

01574050 20060501 1350 < .014 — — — — — < .024 —

01574050 20060501 1351 — < .005 < .005 < .050 < .005 < .005 — < .005

01574050 20060705 1045 < .014 — — — — — < .024 —

01574050 20060705 1050 — < .005 < .005 < .050 < .005 < .005 — .019

01574050 20060906 1030 < .014 — — — — — E(4) .039 —

01574050 20060906 1031 — < .005 < .005 < .050 < .005 < .005 — .157

01574055 20060316 1130 < .014 — — — — — < .024 —

01574055 20060316 1131 — < .005 < .005 < .050 < .005 < .005 — < .005

01574055 20060501 1245 < .014 — — — — — < .024 —

01574055 20060501 1246 — < .005 < .005 < .050 < .005 < .005 — < .005

01574055 20060705 1145 < .014 — — — — — < .024 —

01574055 20060705 1150 — < .005 < .005 < .050 .005 < .005 — < .005

01574055 20060906 9250 < .014 — — — — — E(1) .006 —

01574055 20060906 0926 — < .005 < .005 < .050 < .005 < .005 — .019

01575771 20060322 1000 < .014 — — — — — < .024 —

01575771 20060322 1001 — < .005 < .005 < .050 < .005 < .005 — < .005

01575771 20060515 1055 < .014 — — — — — < .024 —

01575771 20060515 1056 — < .005 < .005 < .050 < .005 < .005 — < .005

01575771 20060717 1410 < .014 — — — — — < .024 —

01575771 20060717 1411 — < .005 < .005 < .050 < .005 < .005 — < .005

01575771 20060911 1450 < .014 — — — — — < .024 —

01575771 20060911 1451 — < .005 < .005 < .050 < .005 < .005 — < .005

015757724 20060322 1100 < .014 — — — — — < .024 —

015757724 20060322 1101 — < .005 < .005 < .050 < .005 < .005 — < .005

015757724 20060515 0915 < .014 — — — — — < .024 —

015757724 20060515 0916 — < .005 < .005 < .050 < .005 < .005 — < .005
86 Concentrations of Selected Pharmaceuticals and Antibiotics in South-Central Pennsylvania, March Through September 2006

Station number Date Time

Salbutamol, 

water, 

fltrd

(μg/L)

(62020)

Sarafloxacin, 

water, 

fltrd 

(μg/L) 

(62771)

Sulfachloropyridazine, 

water, 

fltrd 

(μg/L)

(62774)

Sulfadiazine, 

water,

fltrd 

(μg/L)

(62963)

Sulfadimethozine, 

water, 

fltrd 

(μg/L) 

(62776)

Sulfamethazine, 

water, 

fltrd 

(μg/L)

(61762)

Sulfamethoxazole, 

water, 

fltrd

(μg/L)

NWQL

(62021)

Sulfamethoxazole, 

water, 

fltrd

(μg/L)

OGRL

(62775)

015757724 20060717 1310 < 0.014 — — — — — < 0.024 —

015757724 20060717 1311 — < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.050 < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005

015757724 20060911 1550 < .014 — — — — — < .024 —

015757724 20060911 1551 — < .005 < .005 < .050 .026 < .005 — < .005

01578349 20060314 1145 < .014 — — — — — < .024 —

01578349 20060314 1146 — < .005 < .005 < .050 < .005 < .005 — < .005

01578349 20060511 1110 < .014 — — — — — < .024 —

01578349 20060511 1111 — < .005 < .005 < .050 < .005 < .005 — < .005

01578349 20060718 1250 < .014 — — — — — < .024 —

01578349 20060718 1251 — < .005 < .005 < .050 < .005 < .005 — < .005

01578349 20060912 1215 < .014 — — — — — < .024 —

01578349 20060912 1216 — < .005 < .005 < .050 < .005 < .005 — < .005

015783492 20060314 1400 < .014 — — — — — < .024 —

015783492 20060314 1401 — < .005 < .005 < .050 < .005 < .005 — < .005

015783492 20060511 1010 < .014 — — — — — < .024 —

015783492 20060511 1011 — < .005 < .005 < .050 < .005 < .005 < .005

015783492 20060718 1115 < .014 — — — — — < .024 —

015783492 20060718 1116 — < .005 < .005 < .050 < .005 < .005 — < .005

015783492 20060912 1115 < .014 — — — — — < .024 —

015783492 20060912 1116 — < .005 < .005 < .050 < .005 < .005 — < .005

394643077043101 20060309 1230 < .014 — — — — — < .024 —

394643077043101

394643077043101

394643077043101

20060309

20060504

20060504

1231

1110

1111

—

< .014

—

< .005

—

< .005

< .005

—

< .005

< .050

—

< .050

< .005

—

< .005

< .005

—

< .005

—

< .024

—

< .005

—

< .005

394643077043101 20060504 1112 < .014 — — — — — < .024 —

394643077043101 20060504 1113 — < .005 < .005 < .050 < .005 < .005 — < .005

394643077043101 20060710 1125 < .014 — — — — — < .024 —

394643077043101 20060710 1130 — < .005 < .005 < .050 < .005 < .005 — < .005

394643077043101 20060925 1055 < .014 — — — — — < .024 —

394643077043101 20060925 1056 — < .005 < .005 < .050 < .005 < .005 — < .005

400610076282501 20060406 1030 < .014 — — — — — < .024 —

400610076282501

400610076282501

400610076282501

20060406

20060515

20060515

1031

1315

1316

—

< .014

—

< .005

—

< .005

< .005

—

< .005

< .050

—

< .050

< .005

—

< .005

< .005

—

< .005

—

< .024

—

< .005

—

< .005

400610076282501 20060515 1317 < .014 — — — — — < .024 —

400610076282501 20060515 1318 — < .005 < .005 < .050 < .005 < .005 — < .005

400610076282501 20060713 1100 < .014 — — — — — < .024 —

400610076282501

400610076282501

400610076282501

20060713

20060907

20060907

1101

1100

1101

—

< .014

—

< .005

—

< .005

< .005

—

< .005

< .050

—

< .050

< .005

—

< .005

< .005

—

< .005

—

< .024

—

< .005

—

< .005

400610076282501 20060907 1105 < .014 — — — — — < .024 —

400610076282501 20060907 1106 — < .005 < .005 < .050 < .005 < .005 — < .005

401712076235101 20060403 1415 < .014 — — — — — < .024 —

401712076235101 20060403 1416 — < .005 < .005 < .050 < .005 < .005 — < .005

401712076235101 20060517 1410 < .014 — — — — — < .024 —

401712076235101 20060517 1411 — < .005 < .005 < .050 < .005 < .005 — < .005
Table 6 87

Station number Date Time

Salbutamol, 

water, 

fltrd

(μg/L)

(62020)

Sarafloxacin, 

water, 

fltrd 

(μg/L) 

(62771)

Sulfachloropyridazine, 

water, 

fltrd 

(μg/L)

(62774)

Sulfadiazine, 

water,

fltrd 

(μg/L)

(62963)

Sulfadimethozine, 

water, 

fltrd 

(μg/L) 

(62776)

Sulfamethazine, 

water, 

fltrd 

(μg/L)

(61762)

Sulfamethoxazole, 

water, 

fltrd

(μg/L)

NWQL

(62021)

Sulfamethoxazole, 

water, 

fltrd

(μg/L)

OGRL

(62775)

401712076235101 20060712 1355 < 0.014 — — — — — < 0.024 —

401712076235101 20060712 1400 — < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.050 < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005

401712076235101 20060920 1400 < .014 — — — — — < .024 —

401712076235101 20060920 1401 — < .005 < .005 < .050 < .005 < .005 — .006

401920078130101 20060329 1300 < .014 — — — — — < .024 —

401920078130101 20060329 1301 — < .005 < .005 < .050 < .005 < .005 — < .005

401920078130101 20060509 1400 < .014 — — — — — < .024 —

401920078130101 20060509 1401 — < .005 < .005 < .050 < .005 < .005 — < .005

401920078130101 20060725 1250 < .014 — — — — — < .024 —

401920078130101 20060725 1251 — < .005 < .005 < .050 < .005 < .005 — < .005

401920078130101 20060914 1230 < .014 — — — — — < .024 —

401920078130101 20060914 1231 — < .005 < .005 < .050 < .005 < .005 — < .005

402052076160101 20060403 1130 < .014 — — — — — < .024 —

402052076160101 20060403 1131 — < .005 < .005 < .050 < .005 < .005 — < .005

402052076160101 20060517 1135 < .014 — — — — — < .024 —

402052076160101 20060517 1136 — < .005 < .005 < .050 < .005 < .005 — < .005

402052076160101 20060712 1140 < .014 — — — — — < .024 —

402052076160101 20060712 1145 — < .005 < .005 < .050 < .005 < .005 — < .005

402052076160101 20060920 1050 < .014 — — — — — < .024 —

402052076160101 20060920 1051 — < .005 < .005 < .050 < .005 < .005 — < .005

405931076555601 20060323 1140 < .014 — — — — — < .024 —

405931076555601 20060323 1141 — < .005 < .005 < .050 < .005 < .005 — < .005

405931076555601 20060502 1140 < .014 — — — — — < .024 —

405931076555601 20060502 1141 — < .005 < .005 < .050 < .005 < .005 — < .005

405931076555601 20060711 1150 < .014 — — — — — < .024 —

405931076555601 20060711 1155 — < .005 < .005 < .050 < .005 < .005 — < .005

405931076555601 20060711 1200 < .014 — — — — — < .024 —

405931076555601 20060711 1205 — < .005 < .005 < .050 < .005 < .005 — < .005

405931076555601 20060921 1215 < .014 — — — — — < .024 —

405931076555601 20060921 1216 — < .005 < .005 < .050 < .005 < .005 — < .005
88 Concentrations of Selected Pharmaceuticals and Antibiotics in South-Central Pennsylvania, March Through September 2006

Station 

number Date Time

Sulfathiazole, 

water, 

fltrd 

(μg/L)

(62778)

Tetracycline, 

water,

fltrd

(μg/L) 

(62781)

Thiabendazole, 

water,

fltrd 

(μg/L) 

(62801)

Trimethoprim, 

water,

fltrd

(μg/L)

NWQL

(62023)

Trimethoprim, 

water,

fltrd

(μg/L)

OGRL

(62023)

Tylosin, 

water, 

fltrd 

(μg/L) 

(62896)

01470857 20060306 1130 — — < 0.025 < 0.020 — —

01470857 20060306 1131 < 0.020 < 0.010 — — < 0.005 < 0.005

01470857 20060508 1215 — — < .025 < .020 — —

01470857 20060508 1216 < .020 < .010 — — < .005 < .005

01470857 20060720 1130 — — < .025 < .020 — —

01470857 20060720 1131 < .020 < .010 — — < .005 < .005

01470857 20060918 1235 — — < .025 < .020 — —

01470857 20060918 1236 < .020 < .010 — — < .005 < .005

01470858 20060306 1300 — — < .025 E(2) .014 — —

01470858 20060306 1301 < .020 < .010 — — < .005 < .005

01470858 20060508 1100 — — < .025 E(2) .019 — —

01470858 20060508 1101 < .020 < .010 — — .022 < .005

01470858 20060720 1030 — — < .025 E(1) .004 — —

01470858 20060720 1031 < .020 < .010 — — .014 < .005

01470858 20060918 1120 — — < .025 < .020 — —

01470858 20060918 1121 < .020 < .010 — — .011 < .005

01470858 20060918 1125 — — < .025 E(2) .010 — —

01470858 20060918 1126 < .020 < .010 — — .010 < .005

015693155 20060313 1100 — — < .025 < .020 — —

015693155 20060313 1101 < .020 < .010 — — < .005 < .005

015693155 20060510 1145 — — < .025 < .020 — —

015693155 20060510 1146 < .020 < .010 — — < .005 < .005

015693155 20060706 1130 — — < .025 < .020 — —

015693155 20060706 1135 < .020 < .010 — — < .005 < .005

015693155 20060919 1020 — — < .025 < .020 — —

015693155 20060919 1021 < .020 < .010 — — < .005 < .005

015693158 20060313 1300 — — < .025 .033 — —

015693158 20060313 1301 < .020 < .010 — — .030 < .005

015693158 20060510 1030 — — < .025 .117 — —

015693158 20060510 1031 < .020 < .010 — — .123 < .005

015693158 20060510 1036 < .020 < .010 — — .114 < .005

015693158 20060706 1020 — — < .025 .023 — —

015693158 20060706 1025 < .020 < .010 — — .052 < .005

015693158 20060706 1030 — — < .025 .023 — —

015693158 20060706 1035 < .020 < .010 — — .058 < .005

015693158 20060919 1200 — — < .025 .037 — —

015693158 20060919 1201 < .020 < .010 — — .080 < .005

01571193 20060405 1600 — — < .025 < .020 — —

01571193 20060405 1601 < .020 < .010 — — < .005 .009

01571193 20060516 1210 — — < .025 < .020 — —

01571193 20060516 1211 < .020 < .010 — — < .005 < .005

01571193 20060726 1500 — — < .025 < .020 — —

01571193 20060726 1501 < .020 < .010 — — < .005 < .005
Table 6 89

Station 

number Date Time

Sulfathiazole, 

water, 

fltrd 

(μg/L)

(62778)

Tetracycline, 

water,

fltrd

(μg/L) 

(62781)

Thiabendazole, 

water,

fltrd 

(μg/L) 

(62801)

Trimethoprim, 

water,

fltrd

(μg/L)

NWQL

(62023)

Trimethoprim, 

water,

fltrd

(μg/L)

OGRL

(62023)

Tylosin, 

water, 

fltrd 

(μg/L) 

(62896)

01571193 20060905 1105 — — < 0.025 < 0.020 — —

01571193 20060905 1106 < 0.020 < 0.010 — — < 0.005 < 0.005

01571195 20060405 1800 — — < .025 < .020 — —

01571195 20060405 1801 < .020 < .010 — — .009 .023

01571195 20060516 1050 — — < .025 < .020 — —

01571195 20060516 1051 < .020 < .010 — — < .005 < .005

01571195 20060726 1600 — — < .025 < .020 — —

01571195 20060726 1601 < .020 < .010 — — < .005 < .005

01571195 20060905 0950 — — < .025 < .020 — —

01571195 20060905 0951 < .020 < .010 — — < .005 < .005

01573151 20060307 1415 — — < .025 < .020 — —

01573151 20060307 1416 < .020 < .010 — — < .005 < .005

01573151 20060503 1040 — — < .025 < .020 — —

01573151 20060503 1041 < .020 < .010 — — < .005 < .005

01573151 20060719 1110 — — < .025 < .020 — —

01573151 20060719 1111 < .020 < .010 — — < .005 < .005

01573151 20060913 1100 — — < .025 < .020 — —

01573151

01573153

01573153

20060913

20060307

20060307

1101

1230

1231

< .020

—

< .020

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .025

—

—

.105

—

< .005

—

.140

< .005

—

< .005

01573153 20060307 1235 — — < .025 .121 — —

01573153 20060307 1236 < .020 < .010 — — .153 .006

01573153 20060503 0940 — — < .025 .106 — —

01573153 20060503 0941 < .020 < .010 — — .256 < .005

01573153 20060719 1010 — — < .025 < .020 — —

01573153 20060719 1011 < .020 < .010 — — .040 < .005

01573153 20060913 0950 — — < .025 < .020 — —

01573153 20060913 0951 < .020 < .010 — — .033 < .005

01574310 20060301 1600 — — < .025 < .020 — —

01574310 20060301 1601 < .020 < .010 — — < .005 .005

01574310 20060501 0940 — — < .025 < .020 — —

01574310 20060501 0941 < .020 < .010 — — < .005 .030

01574310 20060705 1420 — — < .025 < .020 — —

01574310 20060705 1425 < .020 < .010 — — < .005 .010

01574310 20060906 1200 — — < .025 < .020 — —

01574310 20060906 1201 < .020 < .010 — — < .005 < .005

01574314 20060301 1500 — — < .025 < .020 — —

01574314

01574314

01574314

20060301

20060501

20060501

1501

1035

1036

< .020

—

< .020

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .025

—

—

< .020

—

< .005

—

< .005

.007

—

.025

01574314 20060501 1037 — — < .025 < .020 — —

01574314 20060501 1038 < .020 < .010 — — < .005 .018

01574314 20060705 1310 — — < .025 < .020 — —

01574314 20060705 1315 < .020 < .010 — — < .005 .012

01574314 20060906 1300 — — < .025 < .020 — —

01574314 20060906 1301 < .020 < .010 — — < .005 < .005
90 Concentrations of Selected Pharmaceuticals and Antibiotics in South-Central Pennsylvania, March Through September 2006

Station 

number Date Time

Sulfathiazole, 

water, 

fltrd 

(μg/L)

(62778)

Tetracycline, 

water,

fltrd

(μg/L) 

(62781)

Thiabendazole, 

water,

fltrd 

(μg/L) 

(62801)

Trimethoprim, 

water,

fltrd

(μg/L)

NWQL

(62023)

Trimethoprim, 

water,

fltrd

(μg/L)

OGRL

(62023)

Tylosin, 

water, 

fltrd 

(μg/L) 

(62896)

01576420 20060306 1600 — — < 0.025 < 0.020 — —

01576420 20060306 1601 < 0.020 < 0.010 — — 0.015 < 0.005

01576420 20060522 1150 — — < .025 < .020 — —

01576420 20060522 1151 < .020 < .010 — — < .005 < .005

01576420 20060717 1150 — — < .025 < .020 — —

01576420 20060717 1151 < .020 < .010 — — < .005 < .005

01576420 20060911 1100 — — < .025 < .020 — —

01576420 20060911 1101 < .020 < .010 — — < .005 < .005

01576422 20060306 1730 — — < .025 .030 — —

01576422 20060306 1731 < .020 < .010 — — .034 .005

01576422 20060522 1025 — — < .025 .060 — —

01576422 20060522 1026 < .020 < .010 — — .106 .007

01576422 20060717 1030 — — < .025 E(4) .022 — —

01576422 20060717 1031 < .020 < .010 — — .054 < .005

01576422 20060911 1205 — — < .025 < .020 — —

01576422 20060911 1206 < .020 < .010 — — .069 < .005

01569346 20060405 1300 — — < .025 < .020 — —

01569346 20060405 1301 < .020 < .010 — — < .005 < .005

01569346 20060523 1115 — — < .025 < .020 — —

01569346 20060523 1116 < .020 < .010 — — < .005 < .005

01569346 20060726 1045 — — < .025 < .020 — —

01569346 20060726 1046 < .020 < .010 — — < .005 < .005

01569346 20060927 0955 — — < .025 < .020 — —

01569346 20060927 0956 < .020 < .010 — — < .005 < .005

01569349 20060405 1130 — — < .025 < .020 — —

01569349 20060405 1131 < .020 < .010 — — < .005 .007

01569349 20060523 1000 — — < .025 < .020 — —

01569349 20060523 1001 < .020 < .010 — — < .005 < .005

01569349 20060726 1245 — — < .025 < .020 — —

01569349 20060726 1246 < .020 < .010 — — < .005 < .005

01569349 20060927 1100 — — < .025 < .020 — —

01569349 20060927 1101 < .020 < .010 — — < .005 < .005

01572146 20060320 1200 — — < .025 < .020 — —

01572146 20060320 1201 < .020 < .010 — — < .005 < .005

01572146 20060518 1145 — — < .025 < .020 — —

01572146 20060518 1146 < .020 < .010 — — < .005 < .005

01572146 20060731 1015 — — < .025 < .020 — —

01572146 20060731 1016 < .020 < .010 — — < .005 < .005

01572146 20060926 0945 — — < .025 < .020 — —

01572146 20060926 0946 < .020 < .010 — — < .005 < .005

01572148 20060320 1445 — — < .025 < .020 — —

01572148 20060320 1446 < .020 < .010 — — < .005 < .005

01572148 20060518 1030 — — < .025 < .020 — —

01572148 20060518 1031 < .020 < .010 — — < .005 < .005

01572148 20060731 1110 — — < .025 < .020 — —

01572148 20060731 1111 < .020 < .010 — — < .005 < .005
Table 6 91

Station 

number Date Time

Sulfathiazole, 

water, 

fltrd 

(μg/L)

(62778)

Tetracycline, 

water,

fltrd

(μg/L) 

(62781)

Thiabendazole, 

water,

fltrd 

(μg/L) 

(62801)

Trimethoprim, 

water,

fltrd

(μg/L)

NWQL

(62023)

Trimethoprim, 

water,

fltrd

(μg/L)

OGRL

(62023)

Tylosin, 

water, 

fltrd 

(μg/L) 

(62896)

01572148 20060926 1055 — — < 0.025 < 0.020 — —

01572148 20060926 1056 < 0.020 < 0.010 — — < 0.005 < 0.005

401704076293101 20060315 1145 — — < .025 < .020 — —

401704076293101 20060315 1146 < .020 < .010 — — < .005 < .005

401704076293101 20060503 1345 — — < .025 < .020 — —

401704076293101 20060503 1346 < .020 < .010 — — < .005 < .005

401704076293101 20060719 1430 — — < .025 < .020 — —

401704076293101 20060719 1431 < .020 < .010 — — < .005 < .005

401704076293101 20060913 1400 — — < .025 < .020 — —

401704076293101 20060913 1401 < .020 < .010 — — < .005 < .005

01573095 20060315 1030 — — < .025 < .020 — —

01573095 20060315 1031 < .020 < .010 — — < .005 < .005

01573095 20060503 1245 — — < .025 < .020 — —

01573095 20060503 1246 < .020 < .010 — — < .005 < .005

01573095 20060719 1330 — — < .025 < .020 — —

01573095 20060719 1331 < .020 < .010 — — < .005 < .005

01573095 20060913 1305 — — < .025 < .020 — —

01573095 20060913 1306 < .020 < .010 — — < .005 < .005

01574050 20060316 1030 — — < .025 < .020 — —

01574050 20060316 1031 < .020 < .010 — — < .005 < .005

01574050 20060501 1350 — — < .025 < .020 — —

01574050 20060501 1351 < .020 < .010 — — < .005 .017

01574050 20060705 1045 — — < .025 < .020 — —

01574050 20060705 1050 < .020 < .010 — — < .005 < .005

01574050 20060906 1030 — — < .025 < .020 — —

01574050 20060906 1031 < .020 < .010 — — < .005 < .005

01574055 20060316 1130 — — < .025 < .020 — —

01574055 20060316 1131 < .020 < .010 — — < .005 < .005

01574055 20060501 1245 — — < .025 < .020 — —

01574055 20060501 1246 < .020 < .010 — — < .005 .027

01574055 20060705 1145 — — < .025 < .020 — —

01574055 20060705 1150 < .020 < .010 — — < .005 < .005

01574055 20060906 0925 — — < .025 < .020 — —

01574055 20060906 0926 < .020 < .010 — — < .005 < .005

01575771 20060322 1000 — — < .025 < .020 — —

01575771 20060322 1001 < .020 < .010 — — < .005 < .005

01575771 20060515 1055 — — < .025 < .020 — —

01575771 20060515 1056 < .020 < .010 — — < .005 < .005

01575771 20060717 1410 — — < .025 < .020 — —

01575771 20060717 1411 < .020 < .010 — — < .005 < .005

01575771 20060911 1450 — — < .025 < .020 — —

01575771 20060911 1451 < .020 < .010 — — < .005 < .005

015757724 20060322 1100 — — < .025 < .020 — —

015757724 20060322 1101 < .020 < .010 — — < .005 < .005

015757724 20060515 0915 — — < .025 < .020 — —

015757724 20060515 0916 < .020 < .010 — — < .005 < .005
92 Concentrations of Selected Pharmaceuticals and Antibiotics in South-Central Pennsylvania, March Through September 2006

Station 

number Date Time

Sulfathiazole, 

water, 

fltrd 

(μg/L)

(62778)

Tetracycline, 

water,

fltrd

(μg/L) 

(62781)

Thiabendazole, 

water,

fltrd 

(μg/L) 

(62801)

Trimethoprim, 

water,

fltrd

(μg/L)

NWQL

(62023)

Trimethoprim, 

water,

fltrd

(μg/L)

OGRL

(62023)

Tylosin, 

water, 

fltrd 

(μg/L) 

(62896)

015757724 20060717 1310 — — < 0.025 < 0.020 — —

015757724 20060717 1311 < 0.020 < 0.010 — — < 0.005 < 0.005

015757724 20060911 1550 — — < .025 < .020 — —

015757724 20060911 1551 < .020 < .010 — — < .005 < .005

01578349 20060314 1145 — — < .025 < .020 — —

01578349 20060314 1146 < .020 < .010 — — < .005 < .005

01578349 20060511 1110 — — < .025 < .020 — —

01578349 20060511 1111 < .020 < .010 — — < .005 < .005

01578349 20060718 1250 — — < .025 < .020 — —

01578349 20060718 1251 < .020 < .010 — — < .005 < .005

01578349 20060912 1215 — — < .025 < .020 — —

01578349 20060912 1216 < .020 < .010 — — < .005 < .005

015783492 20060314 1400 — — < .025 < .020 — —

015783492 20060314 1401 < .020 < .010 — — < .005 < .005

015783492 20060511 1010 — — < .025 < .020 — —

015783492 20060511 1011 < .020 < .010 — — < .005 < .005

015783492 20060718 1115 — — < .025 < .020 — —

015783492 20060718 1116 < .020 < .010 — — < .005 < .005

015783492 20060912 1115 — — < .025 < .020 — —

015783492 20060912 1116 < .020 < .010 — — < .005 < .005

394643077043101 20060309 1230 — — < .025 < .020 — —

394643077043101

394643077043101

394643077043101

20060309

20060504

20060504

1231

1110

1111

< .020

—

< .020

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .025

—

—

< .020

—

< .005

—

< .005

< .005

—

< .005

394643077043101 20060504 1112 — — < .025 < .020 — —

394643077043101 20060504 1113 < .020 < .010 — — < .005 < .005

394643077043101 20060710 1125 — — < .025 < .020 — —

394643077043101 20060710 1130 < .020 < .010 — — < .005 < .005

394643077043101 20060925 1055 — — < .025 < .020 — —

394643077043101 20060925 1056 < .020 < .010 — — < .005 < .005

400610076282501 20060406 1030 — — < .025 < .020 — —

400610076282501

400610076282501

400610076282501

20060406

20060515

20060515

1031

1315

1316

< .020

—

< .020

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .025

—

—

< .020

—

< .005

—

< .005

.012

—

< .005

400610076282501 20060515 1317 — — < .025 < .020 — —

400610076282501 20060515 1318 < .020 < .010 — — < .005 < .005

400610076282501 20060713 1100 — — < .025 < .020 — —

400610076282501

400610076282501

400610076282501

20060713

20060907

20060907

1101

1100

1101

< .020

—

< .020

< .010

—

< .010

—

< .025

—

—

< .020

—

< .005

—

< .005

< .005

—

< .005

400610076282501 20060907 1105 — — < .025 < .020 — —

400610076282501 20060907 1106 < .020 < .010 — — < .005 < .005

401712076235101 20060403 1415 — — < .025 < .020 — —

401712076235101 20060403 1416 < .020 < .010 — — < .005 .017

401712076235101 20060517 1410 — — < .025 < .020 — —

401712076235101 20060517 1411 < .020 < .010 — — < .005 < .005
Table 6 93

Station 

number Date Time

Sulfathiazole, 

water, 

fltrd 

(μg/L)

(62778)

Tetracycline, 

water,

fltrd

(μg/L) 

(62781)

Thiabendazole, 

water,

fltrd 

(μg/L) 

(62801)

Trimethoprim, 

water,

fltrd

(μg/L)

NWQL

(62023)

Trimethoprim, 

water,

fltrd

(μg/L)

OGRL

(62023)

Tylosin, 

water, 

fltrd 

(μg/L) 

(62896)

401712076235101 20060712 1355 — — < 0.025 < 0.020 — —

401712076235101 20060712 1400 < 0.020 < 0.010 — — < 0.005 < 0.005

401712076235101 20060920 1400 — — < .025 < .020 — —

401712076235101 20060920 1401 < .020 < .010 — — < .005 < .005

401920078130101 20060329 1300 — — < .025 < .020 — —

401920078130101 20060329 1301 < .020 < .010 — — < .005 < .005

401920078130101 20060509 1400 — — < .025 < .020 — —

401920078130101 20060509 1401 < .020 < .010 — — < .005 < .005

401920078130101 20060725 1250 — — < .025 < .020 — —

401920078130101 20060725 1251 < .020 < .010 — — < .005 < .005

401920078130101 20060914 1230 — — < .025 < .020 — —

401920078130101 20060914 1231 < .020 < .010 — — < .005 < .005

402052076160101 20060403 1130 — — < .025 < .020 — —

402052076160101 20060403 1131 < .020 < .010 — — < .005 < .005

402052076160101 20060517 1135 — — < .025 < .020 — —

402052076160101 20060517 1136 < .020 < .010 — — < .005 < .005

402052076160101 20060712 1140 — — < .025 < .020 — —

402052076160101 20060712 1145 < .020 < .010 — — < .005 < .005

402052076160101 20060920 1050 — — < .025 < .020 — —

402052076160101 20060920 1051 < .020 < .010 — — < .005 < .005

405931076555601 20060323 1140 — — < .025 < .020 — —

405931076555601 20060323 1141 < .020 < .010 — — < .005 < .005

405931076555601 20060502 1140 — — < .025 < .020 — —

405931076555601 20060502 1141 < .020 < .010 — — < .005 < .005

405931076555601 20060711 1150 — — < .025 < .020 — —

405931076555601 20060711 1155 < .020 < .010 — — < .005 < .005

405931076555601 20060711 1200 — — < .025 < .020 — —

405931076555601 20060711 1205 < .020 < .010 — — < .005 < .005

405931076555601 20060921 1215 — — < .025 < .020 — —

405931076555601 20060921 1216 < .020 < .010 — — < .005 < .005
94 Concentrations of Selected Pharmaceuticals and Antibiotics in South-Central Pennsylvania, March Through September 2006

Station 

number Date Time

Virginiamycin, 

water, 

fltrd 

(μg/L) 

(62897)

Warfarin, 

water, 

fltrd

(μg/L) 

(62024)

Type of qualityassurance 

data

associated 

with sample, 

code

(99111)

Type of 

replicate, 

code 

(99105)

01470857 20060306 1130 — < 0.019 — —

01470857 20060306 1131 < 0.005 — — —

01470857 20060508 1215 — < .019 blank —

01470857 20060508 1216 < .005 — blank —

01470857 20060720 1130 — < .019 — —

01470857 20060720 1131 < .005 — — —

01470857 20060918 1235 — < .019 — —

01470857 20060918 1236 < .005 — — —

01470858 20060306 1300 — < .019 — —

01470858 20060306 1301 < .005 — — —

01470858 20060508 1100 — < .019 — —

01470858 20060508 1101 < .005 — — —

01470858 20060720 1030 — < .019 — —

01470858 20060720 1031 < .005 — — —

01470858 20060918 1120 — < .019 replicate sequential

01470858 20060918 1121 < .005 — replicate sequential

01470858 20060918 1125 — < .019 — sequential

01470858 20060918 1126 < .005 — — sequential

015693155 20060313 1100 — < .019 — —

015693155 20060313 1101 < .005 — — —

015693155 20060510 1145 — < .019 — —

015693155 20060510 1146 < .005 — — —

015693155 20060706 1130 — < .019 — —

015693155 20060706 1135 < .005 — — —

015693155 20060919 1020 — < .019 — —

015693155 20060919 1021 < .005 — — —

015693158 20060313 1300 — < .019 — —

015693158 20060313 1301 < .005 — — —

015693158 20060510 1030 — < .019 spike —

015693158 20060510 1031 < .005 — replicate split

015693158 20060510 1036 < .005 — — split

015693158 20060706 1020 — < .019 replicate sequential

015693158 20060706 1025 < .005 — replicate sequential

015693158 20060706 1030 — < .019 — sequential

015693158 20060706 1035 < .005 — — sequential

015693158 20060919 1200 — < .019 blank —

015693158 20060919 1201 < .005 — blank —

01571193 20060405 1600 — < .019 — —

01571193 20060405 1601 < .005 — — —

01571193 20060516 1210 — < .019 — —

01571193 20060516 1211 < .005 — — —

01571193 20060726 1500 — < .019 — —

01571193 20060726 1501 < .005 — — —
Table 6 95

Station 

number Date Time

Virginiamycin, 

water, 

fltrd 

(μg/L) 

(62897)

Warfarin, 

water, 

fltrd

(μg/L) 

(62024)

Type of qualityassurance 

data

associated 

with sample, 

code

(99111)

Type of 

replicate, 

code 

(99105)

01571193 20060905 1105 — < 0.019 — —

01571193 20060905 1106 < 0.005 — — —

01571195 20060405 1800 — < .019 — —

01571195 20060405 1801 < .005 — — —

01571195 20060516 1050 — < .019 — —

01571195 20060516 1051 < .005 — — —

01571195 20060726 1600 — < .019 — —

01571195 20060726 1601 < .005 — — —

01571195 20060905 0950 — < .019 — —

01571195 20060905 0951 < .005 — — —

01573151 20060307 1415 — < .019 — —

01573151 20060307 1416 < .005 — — —

01573151 20060503 1040 — < .019 — —

01573151 20060503 1041 < .005 — — —

01573151 20060719 1110 — < .019 — —

01573151 20060719 1111 < .005 — — —

01573151 20060913 1100 — < .019 — —

01573151 20060913 1101 < .005 — — —

01573153

01573153

20060307

20060307

1230

1231

—

< .005

< .019

—

replicate

replicate

sequential

sequential

01573153 20060307 1235 — < .019 — sequential

01573153 20060307 1236 < .005 — — sequential

01573153 20060503 0940 — < .019 — —

01573153 20060503 0941 < .005 — — —

01573153 20060719 1010 — < .019 — —

01573153 20060719 1011 < .005 — — —

01573153 20060913 0950 — < .019 — —

01573153 20060913 0951 < .005 — — —

01574310 20060301 1600 — < .019 — —

01574310 20060301 1601 < .005 — — —

01574310 20060501 0940 — < .019 — —

01574310 20060501 0941 < .005 — — —

01574310 20060705 1420 — < .019 — —

01574310 20060705 1425 < .005 — — —

01574310 20060906 1200 — < .019 — —

01574310 20060906 1201 < .005 — — —

01574314 20060301 1500 — < .019 — —

01574314 20060301 1501 < .005 — — —

01574314

01574314

20060501

20060501

1035

1036

—

< .005

< .019

—

replicate

replicate

sequential

sequential

01574314 20060501 1037 — < .019 — sequential

01574314 20060501 1038 < .005 — — sequential

01574314 20060705 1310 — < .019 — —

01574314 20060705 1315 < .005 — — —

01574314 20060906 1300 — < .019 — —

01574314 20060906 1301 < .005 — — —
96 Concentrations of Selected Pharmaceuticals and Antibiotics in South-Central Pennsylvania, March Through September 2006

Station 

number Date Time

Virginiamycin, 

water, 

fltrd 

(μg/L) 

(62897)

Warfarin, 

water, 

fltrd

(μg/L) 

(62024)

Type of qualityassurance 

data

associated 

with sample, 

code

(99111)

Type of 

replicate, 

code 

(99105)

01576420 20060306 1600 — < 0.019 — —

01576420 20060306 1601 < 0.005 — — —

01576420 20060522 1150 — < .019 — —

01576420 20060522 1151 < .005 — — —

01576420 20060717 1150 — < .019 — —

01576420 20060717 1151 < .005 — — —

01576420 20060911 1100 — < .019 — —

01576420 20060911 1101 < .005 — — —

01576422 20060306 1730 — < .019 — —

01576422 20060306 1731 < .005 — — —

01576422 20060522 1025 — < .019 — —

01576422 20060522 1026 < .005 — — —

01576422 20060717 1030 — < .019 — —

01576422 20060717 1031 < .005 — — —

01576422 20060911 1205 — E(3) .030 — —

01576422 20060911 1206 < .005 — — —

01569346 20060405 1300 — < .019 — —

01569346 20060405 1301 < .005 — — —

01569346 20060523 1115 — < .019 — —

01569346 20060523 1116 < .005 — — —

01569346 20060726 1045 — < .019 — —

01569346 20060726 1046 < .005 — — —

01569346 20060927 0955 — < .019 — —

01569346 20060927 0956 < .005 — — —

01569349 20060405 1130 — < .019 — —

01569349 20060405 1131 < .005 — — —

01569349 20060523 1000 — < .019 — —

01569349 20060523 1001 < .005 — — —

01569349 20060726 1245 — < .019 — —

01569349 20060726 1246 < .005 — — —

01569349 20060927 1100 — < .019 — —

01569349 20060927 1101 < .005 — — —

01572146 20060320 1200 — < .019 — —

01572146 20060320 1201 < .005 — — —

01572146 20060518 1145 — < .019 — —

01572146 20060518 1146 < .005 — — —

01572146 20060731 1015 — < .019 blank —

01572146 20060731 1016 < .005 — blank —

01572146 20060926 0945 — < .019 — —

01572146 20060926 0946 < .005 — — —

01572148 20060320 1445 — < .019 — —

01572148 20060320 1446 < .005 — — —

01572148 20060518 1030 — < .019 — —

01572148 20060518 1031 < .005 — — —

01572148 20060731 1110 — < .019 — —

01572148 20060731 1111 < .005 — — —
Table 6 97

Station 

number Date Time

Virginiamycin, 

water, 

fltrd 

(μg/L) 

(62897)

Warfarin, 

water, 

fltrd

(μg/L) 

(62024)

Type of qualityassurance 

data

associated 

with sample, 

code

(99111)

Type of 

replicate, 

code 

(99105)

01572148 20060926 1055 — < 0.019 — —

01572148 20060926 1056 < 0.005 — — —

401704076293101 20060315 1145 — < .019 — —

401704076293101 20060315 1146 < .005 — — —

401704076293101 20060503 1345 — < .019 — —

401704076293101 20060503 1346 < .005 — — —

401704076293101 20060719 1430 — < .019 — —

401704076293101 20060719 1431 < .005 — — —

401704076293101 20060913 1400 — < .019 — —

401704076293101 20060913 1401 < .005 — — —

01573095 20060315 1030 — < .019 — —

01573095 20060315 1031 < .005 — — —

01573095 20060503 1245 — < .019 — —

01573095 20060503 1246 < .005 — — —

01573095 20060719 1330 — < .019 — —

01573095 20060719 1331 < .005 — — —

01573095 20060913 1305 — < .019 — —

01573095 20060913 1306 < .005 — — —

01574050 20060316 1030 — < .019 — —

01574050 20060316 1031 < .005 — spike —

01574050 20060501 1350 — < .019 — —

01574050 20060501 1351 < .005 — — —

01574050 20060705 1045 — < .019 — —

01574050 20060705 1050 < .005 — — —

01574050 20060906 1030 — < .019 — —

01574050 20060906 1031 < .005 — — —

01574055 20060316 1130 — < .019 — —

01574055 20060316 1131 < .005 — — —

01574055 20060501 1245 — < .019 — —

01574055 20060501 1246 < .005 — spike —

01574055 20060705 1145 — < .019 — —

01574055 20060705 1150 < .005 — — —

01574055 20060906 0925 — < .019 — —

01574055 20060906 0926 < .005 — — —

01575771 20060322 1000 — < .019 — —

01575771 20060322 1001 < .005 — — —

01575771 20060515 1055 — < .019 — —

01575771 20060515 1056 < .005 — — —

01575771 20060717 1410 — < .019 — —

01575771 20060717 1411 < .005 — — —

01575771 20060911 1450 — < .019 — —

01575771 20060911 1451 < .005 — — —

015757724 20060322 1100 — < .019 — —

015757724 20060322 1101 < .005 — — —

015757724 20060515 0915 — < .019 — —

015757724 20060515 0916 < .005 — — —
98 Concentrations of Selected Pharmaceuticals and Antibiotics in South-Central Pennsylvania, March Through September 2006

Station 

number Date Time

Virginiamycin, 

water, 

fltrd 

(μg/L) 

(62897)

Warfarin, 

water, 

fltrd

(μg/L) 

(62024)

Type of qualityassurance 

data

associated 

with sample, 

code

(99111)

Type of 

replicate, 

code 

(99105)

015757724 20060717 1310 — < 0.019 — —

015757724 20060717 1311 < 0.005 — — —

015757724 20060911 1550 — < .019 — —

015757724 20060911 1551 < .005 — — —

01578349 20060314 1145 — < .019 — —

01578349 20060314 1146 < .005 — — —

01578349 20060511 1110 — < .019 — —

01578349 20060511 1111 < .005 — — —

01578349 20060718 1250 — < .019 — —

01578349 20060718 1251 < .005 — — —

01578349 20060912 1215 — < .019 — —

01578349 20060912 1216 < .005 — — —

015783492 20060314 1400 — < .019 — —

015783492 20060314 1401 < .005 — — —

015783492 20060511 1010 — < .019 — —

015783492 20060511 1011 < .005 — — —

015783492 20060718 1115 — < .019 — —

015783492 20060718 1116 < .005 — — —

015783492 20060912 1115 — < .019 — —

015783492 20060912 1116 < .005 — — —

394643077043101 20060309 1230 — < .019 blank —

394643077043101 20060309 1231 < .005 — blank —

394643077043101

394643077043101

20060504

20060504

1110

1111

—

< .005

< .019

—

replicate

replicate

sequential

sequential

394643077043101 20060504 1112 — < .019 — sequential

394643077043101 20060504 1113 < .005 — — sequential

394643077043101 20060710 1125 — < .019 — —

394643077043101 20060710 1130 < .005 — — —

394643077043101 20060925 1055 — < .019 — —

394643077043101 20060925 1056 < .005 — — —

400610076282501 20060406 1030 — < .019 — —

400610076282501 20060406 1031 < .005 — — —

400610076282501

400610076282501

20060515

20060515

1315

1316

—

< .005

< .019

—

replicate

replicate

sequential

sequential

400610076282501 20060515 1317 — < .019 — sequential

400610076282501 20060515 1318 < .005 — — sequential

400610076282501 20060713 1100 — < .019 blank —

400610076282501 20060713 1101 < .005 — blank —

400610076282501

400610076282501

20060907

20060907

1100

1101

—

< .005

< .019

—

replicate

replicate

sequential

sequential

400610076282501 20060907 1105 — < .019 sequential

400610076282501 20060907 1106 < .005 — — sequential

401712076235101 20060403 1415 — < .019 — —

401712076235101 20060403 1416 < .005 — — —

401712076235101 20060517 1410 — < .019 — —

401712076235101 20060517 1411 < .005 — — —
Table 6 99

Station 

number Date Time

Virginiamycin, 

water, 

fltrd 

(μg/L) 

(62897)

Warfarin, 

water, 

fltrd

(μg/L) 

(62024)

Type of qualityassurance 

data

associated 

with sample, 

code

(99111)

Type of 

replicate, 

code 

(99105)

401712076235101 20060712 1355 — < 0.019 — —

401712076235101 20060712 1400 < 0.005 — — —

401712076235101 20060920 1400 — < .019 blank —

401712076235101 20060920 1401 < .005 — blank —

401920078130101 20060329 1300 — < .019 — —

401920078130101 20060329 1301 < .005 — — —

401920078130101 20060509 1400 — < .019 — —

401920078130101 20060509 1401 < .005 — — —

401920078130101 20060725 1250 — < .019 — —

401920078130101 20060725 1251 < .005 — — —

401920078130101 20060914 1230 — < .019 — —

401920078130101 20060914 1231 < .005 — — —

402052076160101 20060403 1130 — < .019 — —

402052076160101 20060403 1131 < .005 — — —

402052076160101 20060517 1135 — < .019 — —

402052076160101 20060517 1136 < .005 — — —

402052076160101 20060712 1140 — < .019 — —

402052076160101 20060712 1145 < .005 — — —

402052076160101 20060920 1050 — < .019 — —

402052076160101 20060920 1051 < .005 — — —

405931076555601 20060323 1140 — < .019 — —

405931076555601 20060323 1141 < .005 — — —

405931076555601 20060502 1140 — < .019 — —

405931076555601 20060502 1141 < .005 —

405931076555601 20060711 1150 — < .019 replicate sequential

405931076555601 20060711 1155 < .005 — replicate sequential

405931076555601 20060711 1200 — < .019 — sequential

405931076555601 20060711 1205 < .005 — — sequential

405931076555601 20060921 1215 — < .019 — —

405931076555601 20060921 1216 < .005 — — —

Appendix 1. Records of wells sampled in Adams, Lancaster, Lebanon, Huntingdon, and Union Counties in 2006.[gal/min, gallons per minute; Y, yes; N, no; aquifer code, abbreviation of carbonate-rock geologic unit where well is completed: 377LDGR, Ledger Formation (Lower CambrianFormations, Undifferentiated (Lower Devonian); 374BSPG, Buffalo Springs Formation (Middle Cambrian); 367EPLR, Epler Formation (Lower Ordovician); 367SNNG, Stonehcian); --, not available]

Local Depth Casing Date Well yield at Aquifer Casing Grouted Water 

well Latitude Longitude of well length well construction code material (Y/N) da

number (feet) (feet) construction (gal/min) 

AD 653 39° 46’ 45" 077° 04’ 31" 377LDGR 150 42.5 Steel Y 06/82 45 03/09

05/0407/1009/25

HU 426 40° 19’ 19" 078° 13’ 00" 347KRTL 247 21 Steel N 10/22/99 30 03/29

05/0907/2509/14

LB 1248 40° 17’ 12" 076° 23’ 51" 374BSPG 300 102 Steel N 11/11/03 40 04/03

05/1707/1209/20

LB 1249 40° 20’ 52" 076° 16’ 01" 367EPLR 240 121 Steel N 05/25/04 60+ 

04/0305/1707/1209/20

LN 2114 40° 06’ 09" 076° 28’ 25" 367SNNG 175 61 Steel N 07/16/87 100+ 

04/0605/1507/1309/07

UN 205 40° 59’ 31" 076° 55’ 55" 347KRTL 147 42 Steel N 01/91 20 03/23

05/0207/109/2