# Regulatory Landscape for TCE in

**Federal Air Programs** Margaret Sheppard Stratospheric Protection Division Office of Air and Radiation July 29, 2014 1 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

# Overview
• Major federal regulations under the Clean Air Act affecting TCE and its alternatives • How air regulatory requirements affect cleaner selection • Classes of available alternatives • EPA’s Significant New Alternatives Policy (SNAP) program • SNAP review of alternatives • Recent solvent reviews 8/4/2014 2 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

# Three Air Programs Affect Solvent

Choice Heavily SNAP , ozone layer protection Hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) Ground - level ozone and volatile organic compounds (VOC) 8/4/2014 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 3

# Impact of Air Regulations on Cleaners • Is the cleaner an ozone-depleting substance (ODS) to be phased out of production? • Is the cleaning method or chemical on SNAP’s lists of acceptable alternatives?

– URL: http://www.epa.gov/ozone/snap/solvents/index.htm

– SNAP must review before entry into U.S. market 

### • Is chemical one of 187 HAPs under CAA?

– HAPs are regulated by industrial category 

### • Is chemical a VOC under 40 CFR 51.100(s)?

– Regulated VOC may be subject to state limits

– Some chemicals are exempted because of negligible impacts on ground - level ozone—less regulated July 29, 2014 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 4

# Impact of Air Regulations on TCE • TCE is not an ODS • SNAP lists TCE as acceptable for degreasing and aerosols

– SNAP categories do not directly address manual cleaning 

## • TCE is a listed HAP

– Use in degreasers subject to Halogenated Solvent Cleaning National Emission Standard for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP) 

## • TCE is a VOC under 40 CFR 51.100(s) July 29, 2014 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 5

# Classes of Solvent Alternatives

**TCE PER**  **C me**  **th yl**  **ene chl**  **or id**  **e is**  **opr opyl**  **al cohol**  **acet one**  **me th**  **yl et**  **hy l**  **ket one** 

n- propy l b ro mi de ? **HFC- 4310m**  **ee HFE-**  **7100 hexane**  **hept ane**  **mi ner** **al**

**spi rits**  **d -lim**  **onene**

**cycl ohexane**  **tra ns-**  **di chl**  **or oet**  **hyl ene** 
**M e th**  **yl chlo rof** **or m**  **C F C -**  **113 H C**  **FC s**  **C h lo**  **ro br**  **om om**  **et hane** 
**H F C s**  **& H F**  **Es A q**  **ueous cle**  **aning**
**O x yge**  **nat ed**  **so lve**  **nt s**  **H y dr**  **oc ar**  **bons ,**  **T e rp**  **en es**  **Br om**  **in at**  **ed so**  **lve nt**  **s "N**  **o-c le**  **an" te**  **ch nol**  **og y**  **Se m i**  **** **aque ou**  **s cle**  **aning C h**  **lo ri**  **nat ed**  **so lve**  **nt s** 

# SNAP Program
• The SNAP Program is part of U.S. response to Montreal Protocol on Ozone-Depleting Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer • Section 612 of Clean Air Act directs EPA to evaluate and list substitutes for ozone depleting substances (ODS) that reduce overall risk to human health and the environment • Covers 8 industrial sectors that used ODS historically

– Includes cleaning solvents and aerosols • Substitutes include:

– Alternative chemicals (e.g., trans-dichloroethylene)

– Alternative technologies (e.g., aqueous cleaners)

– Product replacement (e.g., no-clean) July 29, 2014 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 7

# SNAP Reviews of Alternatives

8 

### Criteria: • Ozone Depletion Potential • Global Warming Potential • Local Air Quality • Ecosystem Effects • Flammability • Toxicity • Occupational & Consumer Health/Safety Framework: • Relative risk compared to other available or potentially available options • Sector-focused • Not necessary to be risk-free • Rely on menu of options

– Promotes certainty and stability

– Encourages continuing innovation 

### • Consider existing rules, standards

# Recent SNAP Solvent Reviews • Listed as acceptable:

– Trans- 1 -chloro- 3,3,3 - trifluoroprop- 1 -ene (cleaning, aerosols)

– Perfluoro- n - butyl iodide (cleaning)

– HFE - 347pcf2 (cleaning, aerosols) 

## • Solvents under review

– HFO

– CFO

– HFC 

## • New chemicals also reviewed by New Chemicals Program July 29, 2014 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 9