FILED

February 1, 1999

Cecil W. Crowson

Appellate Court Clerk

RANDALL CRAIG COBB, )

)

Plaintiff/Appellant, ) Appeal No.

) 01-A-01-9803-CV-00127

v. )

) Davidson Circuit

SHARON RUBEN COBB, ) No. 94D-4394

)

Defendant/Appellee. )

COURT OF APPEALS OF TENNESSEE

APPEAL FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT FOR DAVIDSON COUNTY

AT NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE

THE HONORABLE MURIEL ROBINSON, JUDGE

THOMAS F. BLOOM

500 Church Street, 5th floor

Nashville, Tennessee 37219

ATTORNEY FOR PLAINTIFF/APPELLANT

JEANAN MILLS STUART

501 Union Street, Suite 503

Nashville, Tennessee 37219

ATTORNEY FOR DEFENDANT/APPELLEE

AFFIRMED AS MODIFIED,

AND REMANDED

WILLIAM B. CAIN, JUDGE
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OPINION

In this case Appellant challenges the action of the trial court in denying

his application for relief under Rule 60.02 of the Tennessee Rules of Civil

Procedure, holding him to be in criminal contempt of court and denying his

application for modification of alimony.

On December 22, 1994, Randall Craig Cobb sued Sharon Ruben Cobb

for divorce on grounds of irreconcilable differences, cruel and inhuman

treatment, and adultery. These parties were married in May, 1986 and separated

September 27, 1994. They had no children.

On January 23, 1995, Sharon Cobb answered and counter-claimed

charging inappropriate marital conduct, adultery, and abandonment.

Mr. Cobb was a professional boxer and a professional actor holding

membership in the Screen Actors Guild through which he was paid for

professional acting. The parties arranged for his payments through Screen

Actors Guild to be paid to Heavy Weight Titles, Inc., a corporation controlled by

Mrs. Cobb.

A pendente lite hearing occurred February 23, 1995, at which husband

failed to appear. This hearing resulted in an order commanding that all monies

received from Screen Actors Guild since September 23, 1994, be paid to counsel

for the plaintiff and held in escrow until use of such funds to prohibit or forestall

foreclosure on the marital residence. In this order husband was required to

appear on March 2, 1995, to show cause why this order should not be enforced.

Once again husband failed to appear, and on April 19, 1995, his

attorney, Honorable Hugh Green, moved to withdraw.

On April 21, 1995, wife filed a petition to hold husband in contempt for

failure to comply with orders of the court.
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A show cause order was issued on April 27, 1995, ordering husband to

appear before the court on May 25.

On May 15, Honorable Hugh Green was allowed to withdraw as

counsel for husband.

On June 23, 1995, wife filed a motion to have the contempt petition set

for hearing. Husband neither responded nor appeared to answer the petition. At

the hearing on June 30, 1995, and by order entered July 7, 1995, the trial court

rescheduled a hearing on the show cause order for July 27, 1995. Again,

husband failed to appear for the hearing. After the July 27, 1995 hearing, an

attachment of the body was issued for husband. On November 6, 1996, wife

filed a motion for a default judgment and to set the case for hearing.

On November 15, 1996, husband finally filed an answer to the wife's

counter-complaint admitting that he was able-bodied and capable of earning

monies to support himself. Husband also filed on November 15, 1996, a

response to the motion for attachment. 

On January 17, 1997, Honorable L. R. DeMarco filed a motion to be

allowed to withdraw as counsel for husband. Hearing was set on January 24, and

DeMarco was allowed to withdraw with final hearing being set for February 12,

1997.

On February 12, 1997, husband failed to appear for the final hearing,

either in person or by counsel.

At the hearing on February 12 wife was granted a divorce on her crosscomplaint based upon a finding of inappropriate marital conduct, adultery, and

abandonment. In this final divorce order dated March 4, 1997, the trial court:

a. awarded the wife one-half of the proceeds of any settlement or

damage award arising from the Sports Illustrated suit;

b. awarded the wife all the publishing and 40% of the writer's royalties

for the song "She Don't Hold Me Down, She Holds Me Up;"
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c. awarded the wife all residuals payable through the Screen Actors

Guild to Heavy Weight Titles, Inc.

d. awarded the wife all residuals for a certain movie entitled "Liar,

Liar;"

e. awarded the wife alimony for her direct support in an amount of

$1,000.00 per month until her death or remarriage;

f. ordered the husband to pay certain delineated credit card debts, and

to pay fees to the wife's attorney in the amount of $9,072.10;

g. ordered the husband to maintain and pay the premiums for the

wife's health insurance policy under COBRA through the Screen Actors Guild;

h. awarded the wife 1⁄2 of the husband's vested pension with the Screen

Actors Guild;

i. ordered the wife to be held harmless for all income taxes incurred

in the course of the marriage and in particular a 1988 federal tax lien; and,

j. reserved ruling on a pending contempt petition and an attachment,

but directed the clerk to enter this order as a final judgment pursuant to

Tennessee Rules of Civil Procedure 54.02.

On February 27, 1997, husband filed a motion to vacate the contempt

and attachment orders and the final decree of divorce.

After a hearing on March 21, 1997, all of husband's motions were

overruled, and on April 3, 1997, a notice of appeal was filed by the husband.

On May 2, 1997, husband filed a motion to reconsider the denial of his

motion to vacate the final decree of divorce.

On July 11, 1997, the husband filed a motion to set aside the final

judgment pursuant to Rule 60.02 of the Tennessee Rules of Civil Procedure.

On July 22, 1997, the trial court entered an order at the request of the

husband dismissing his appeal of April 3, 1997.

On July 29, 1997, wife filed a petition to hold husband in criminal
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contempt.

On July 30, 1997, the trial court dismissed husband's motion to set

aside the final judgment but no order was entered on same until September 4,

1997.

On September 5, 1997, husband answered the petition for criminal

contempt and same was set for hearing October 30, 1997.

Following the October 30 hearing the court entered an order on

December 11, 1997, finding the husband to be in willful criminal contempt of

court and sentencing him to eight consecutive ten day-terms in the Davidson

County Jail. On December 19, 1997, husband filed a notice of appeal.

In the post-divorce proceedings husband was represented by Nicholas

A. Clemente of the Pennsylvania bar and his present counsel of record,

Honorable Thomas F. Bloom, of the Nashville Bar.

The record on appeal consists of two volumes of pleadings, motions

and orders of the trial court, and three volumes of testimonial transcript,

reflecting hearings on May 2, 1997, July 30, 1997, and October 30, 1997. All of

this testimonial record occurs well after the final decree of divorce dated March

4, 1997, and entered after the February 12 hearing. We are favored with neither

a testimonial transcript nor a Tennessee Rules of Civil Procedure 24(c) statement

of the evidence, reflecting any proceedings prior to May 2, 1997.

[1] When a trial court decides a case without a jury, it's

findings of fact are presumed to be correct unless the

evidence in the record preponderates against them.

Tenn.R.App.P. 13(d). This court cannot review the facts de

novo without an appellate record containing the facts, and

therefore, we must assume that the record, had it been

preserved, would have contained sufficient evidence to

support the trial court's factual findings. McDonald v. Onoh,

772 S.W.2d 913, 914 (Tenn.Ct.App.1989); Irvin v. City of

Clarksville, 767 S.W.2d 649, 653 (Tenn.Ct.App.1987);

Gotten v. Gotten, 748 S.W.2d 430, 432 (Tenn.Ct.App.1988).
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Sherrod v. Wix, 849 S.W.2d 780, 783 (Tenn.App.1992).

The first issue on appeal asserted by the appellant is that the trial court

erred in failing to set aside the default judgment and final decree pursuant to

Rule 60 of the Tennessee Rules of Civil Procedure.

Though Mr. Cobb was present to testify in support of his Rule 60

motion, the trial court held the motion to be defective because it was not

accompanied by an affidavit. 

The Rule 60 motion does not necessarily have to be accompanied by

an affidavit. Hopkins v. Hopkins, 572 S.W.2d 639 (Tenn.1978). The motion

itself may explain mistake, inadvertence, surprise or excusable neglect. The

difficulty with the position of the appellant is that the only excuse he asserts in

the motion is personal poverty prohibiting him from attending previous hearings,

a condition apparently alleviated at the time he presented his Rule 60 motion.

He makes no assertion by motion, petition, affidavit or otherwise that he has any

meritorious defense to the counter-claim.

The Tennessee Supreme Court has held:

"On motion and upon such terms as are just, the

court may relieve a party or his legal representative

from a final judgment, order or proceeding for the

following reasons:

(1) Mistake, inadvertence, surprise or excusable

neglect;...."

[6,7] When relief is sought under these provisions of

the rules, the defendant is invoking equitable principles.

Although it is not expressly stipulated in the rules, it is

universally recognized that, as a condition to obtaining relief,

the defendant, in addition to showing that his default was

brought about by mistake, inadvertence or excusable neglect,

must also demonstrate that he has a meritorious defense to

the plaintiff's claim, except in the case in which the judgment

is void. Seay & Shepherd v. Hughes, 37 Tenn. 155 (1857);

Hunter v. Sheppard, 187 Tenn. 99, 213 S.W.2d 19 (1948);

Whitson v. Johnson, 22 Tenn.App. 427, 123 S.W.2d 1104

(1939); Aetna Life & Cas. Co. v. Lyon, Tex.Civ.App., 576

S.W.2d 114 (1978).

[8-10] We approve the statement of the rule found in
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35B C.J.S. Federal Civil Procedure § 1131 (1960) as

follows:

"As a general rule, a default or a default judgment

will not be set aside at the insistence of the defendant

unless he makes a showing of a meritorious defense.

The existence of a meritorious defense is an

important consideration in determiningwhether or not

a default or a default judgment entered against

defendant should be set aside. As a general rule, a

default or a default judgment will not be set aside at

the insistence of defendant unless he makes a

showing of a meritorious defense. Indeed, setting

aside a default judgment without such showing will

generally be regarded as an abuse of discretion.

However, no showing of a meritorious defense is

necessary to support a motion to vacate a void

judgment by default.

Where a showing of a meritorious defense is made,

the court will ordinarily vacate a default judgment

unlessthere are other circumstances present militating

against such action."

The default judgment sought to be set aside in the instant

case was not a void judgment; hence, it was incumbent upon

the defendant to assert a meritorious defense to the plaintiff's

claim as a condition to having the default judgment set aside

and permitting a trial on the merits.

Patterson v. Rockwell Intern., 665 S.W.2d 96, 100-101 (Tenn.1984).

In this case the appellant started the divorce proceedings in December,

1994, and ran through at least three lawyers in the course of simply abandoning

the proceedings until well after a final decree had been entered. The trial court

did not abuse its discretion in denying the Rule 60.02 motion. Turner v. Turner,

776 S.W.2d 88 (Tenn.App.1988).

Next, appellant urges that the trial court erred in holding appellant in

contempt for failure to discharge certain obligations set forth in the final decree.

The primary basis for this assertion is that $39,017.25 of money received by the

wife from Screen Actors Guild should have been used to discharge the

indebtedness forming the basis of the alleged contempt. If these sums of money

were not division of marital property, position of the appellant might be

meritorious. This court cannot review the facts upon which the trial court based
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its final decree in order to determine how these funds were classified by the trial

judge. There is no record of the evidence preserved for review. The following

occurred at the October 30, 1997 hearing.

MR. BLOOM: Butin paragraph 4 ofthis final

decree is when they say all residuals will continue to go to

Sharon Cobb. That is not property division. You dealt with

property division in paragraph 2 and paragraph 3. I think the

problem is not here; they've had a bad history of being here.

That's my proposition. and the Court was going to maker

[sic] sure that she was going to get what she was entitled to

in some way.

The Court: No, sir, I have to beg to differ

with you. Those residuals were to her. He never came in

here and did anything about his lawsuit, and this is a final

decree. Those are separate. And in addition, he's to pay a

$1,000 a month alimony.

I was here; they were here; he wasn't. I know

what I did. so he's -- whatever they're doing, they're going to

continue to pay. He owes her $8,000 in alimony as of today.

I will hear his petition as to why this alimony should be

modified, but that other is a done deal. It's property division

and that is it.

Okay. Let me hear the proof. Another shutting

the barn door after the horse is out.

Without a testimonial record of the proceedings at the time of the final

decree or a Tennessee Rules of Appellate Procedure 24(c) statement of the

evidence reflecting such proceedings, we cannot review this post-trial assertion

of the trial judge to determine correctness of her statement, but must presume the

evidence supported the divorce decree. Sherrod v. Wix, supra.

The issue is without merit.

Appellant next complained that the proof did not establish beyond a

reasonable doubt that his conduct constituted criminal contempt of the trial

court's orders.

After hearing the proof the trial court stated:

The court finds that he is underemployed; that he has on

purpose sought underemployment to avoid payment of the

obligations of the final decree. He's never complied with the

order. He says that he has income from friends. He pays rent
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when he has it. He has an automobile at his disposal. He has

food where people feed him. He gets gas. He does

everything he wants with the exception of paying his

obligations imposed by the court. He's represented by

sufficient counsel and always has been since he has elected

to participate in the lawsuits.

The Court finds that he designs his own poverty; that he's

underemployed by design ...

The above statements on the record resonate within the four corners of

the court's December 11 order. 

In criminal contempt proceedings the defendant is presumed innocent

and his guilt must be established beyond a reasonable doubt. Black v. Blount,

938 S.W.2d 394, 398 (Tenn.1996).

Appellant does not assail the procedural aspects of the criminal

contempt proceeding but insists that the evidence is not sufficient to remove all

reasonable doubt. Tenn.R.App.P. 13(e). After reviewing all of the evidence this

court concludes that reasonable doubt exists as to whether or not the defendant

has rendered himself unable to comply with the orders of the court by deliberate

underemployment and poverty by design.

The finding of criminal contempt will therefore be set aside.

Whether the conduct of Mr. Cobb would constitute civil contempt

justifying incarceration to compel obedience to a trial court order, under which

the condemner "carries the keys to the jail in his or her own pocket", Crabtree

v. Crabtree, 716 S.W.2d 923, 925 (Tenn.App.1986), is not a question that is

before this court for review. 

The last issue for review is the action of the trial court in denying

husband's application for a reduction in the $1,000.00 per month alimony

provision.

There is no question about the need of Mrs. Cobb for the money. The
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sole remaining question is the ability of the obligor spouse to pay. Loyd v. Loyd,

860 S.W.2d 409 (Tenn.App.1993). 

The petition for reduction in alimony has been addressed by the trial

court only in the context of the criminal contempt proceeding which has been set

aside. The merits or demerits of the petition to modify will be remanded to the

trial court for further consideration along with any other proceedings the trial

court deems necessary consistent with this opinion.

Costs are assessed against Randall Craig Cobb.

________________________________

WILLIAM B. CAIN, JUDGE

CONCUR:

____________________________________

BEN H. CANTRELL, PRES. JUDGE, M.S.

____________________________________

WILLIAM C. KOCH, JR., JUDGE