DA 12-0537

IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF MONTANA

2013 MT 98N

IN THE PARENTING OF O.M.C.,

 A Minor Child.

WHITNEY GRANT,

 Petitioner and Appellant,

 v.

CHRIS CARNAHAN,

 Respondent and Appellee.

APPEAL FROM: District Court of the Seventeenth Judicial District,

In and For the County of Phillips, Cause No. DR 12-01

Honorable John C. McKeon, Presiding Judge

April 15 2013
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COUNSEL OF RECORD:

For Appellant:

Lindsay Lorang; Lorang Law, PC; Havre, Montana

For Appellee:

Peter L. Helland; Helland Law Firm; Glasgow, Montana

Submitted on Briefs: April 3, 2013

 Decided: April 15, 2013

Filed:

__________________________________________

Clerk
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Justice Beth Baker delivered the Opinion of the Court. 

¶1 Pursuant to Section I, Paragraph 3(c), Montana Supreme Court Internal Operating Rules, this 

case is decided by noncitable opinion and does not serve as precedent. It shall be filed as a public 

document with the Clerk of the Supreme Court and its case title, Supreme Court cause number and 

disposition shall be included in this Court’s quarterly list of noncitable cases published in the Pacific 

Reporter and Montana Reports. 

¶2 The Seventeenth Judicial District Court entered a decree in August of 2012 establishing a 

parenting plan with respect to O.M.C., the minor child of Whitney Grant and Chris Carnahan. Whitney 

appeals, arguing that the final parenting plan was not supported by substantial evidence and is not in 

the best interests of O.M.C. We affirm. 

¶3 The parties lived together in Malta, Montana, for about four years and, in May of 2007, Whitney 

gave birth to their son, O.M.C. The parties separated in February of 2011, after which they initially 

shared residential parenting equally. In June of 2011, they agreed that Chris’s residential parenting 

through September would be approximately every other weekend, so that he could participate in the 

summer drag racing circuit. After that time, they did not go back to the previous schedule.

¶4 In January 2012, Whitney petitioned the District Court to establish a parenting plan. She asked 

to be designated as O.M.C.’s primary residential parent and notified the court of her intent to move to 

Idaho with O.M.C. to live with her boyfriend. Chris responded with a proposed parenting plan under 

which he would be O.M.C.’s primary residential parent “whether Whitney moves to Idaho or remains in 

Malta.”
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¶5 After a hearing, the District Court determined that each parent has a good relationship with 

O.M.C. The court found that moving to Idaho for the school term would not be in O.M.C.’s best 

interests. It adopted the plan proposed by Chris, with modifications. Under the modified plan, O.M.C. 

will live with Chris during the school year and during the first week following the end of the school year 

and the last week of summer vacation from school. O.M.C. will live with Whitney during the summer. 

Whitney also shall have O.M.C. every other week during the school year from Wednesday at 6 p.m. until 

Sunday at 6 p.m., which shall occur in the Malta area if she moves to Idaho. Holidays will be alternated. 

The court stated that plan was in O.M.C.’s best interests and that it “provides the opportunity for equal 

residential parenting should [Whitney] decide to stay in the Malta area.” 

¶6 After the District Court issued its order adopting the final parenting plan, Whitney advised the 

court that she no longer intended to move to Idaho. On appeal, she contends the District Court erred by 

ordering a parenting plan which substantially changed the residential schedule of the interim parenting 

plan, by failing to make specific findings for forming a change in the custodial schedule, and by failing to 

make findings as to why it was not in O.M.C.’s best interest to remain in her primary care if she 

remained in Malta.

¶7 The issues raised in this appeal are governed by review standards that call for great deference to 

a trial court’s determinations. A district court has “broad discretion when considering the parenting of a 

child. ‘Child custody cases often present the court with difficult decisions. We must presume that the 

court carefully considered the evidence and made the correct decision.’” In re Marriage of Tummarello, 

2012 MT 18, ¶ 34, 363 Mont. 387, 270 P.3d 28 (quoting In re Parenting of N.S., 2011 MT 98, ¶ 18, 360 

Mont. 288, 253 P.3d 863). 

¶8 The standard of review for a parenting plan is whether the district court abused its discretion in 
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reaching the conclusions it did. Tummarello, ¶ 21. Furthermore, judgments regarding the credibility of 

witnesses and the weight to be given their testimony are within the province of the District Court, and 

we will not substitute our judgment for its determinations. Tummarello, ¶ 34. 

¶9 As is often the case in decisions regarding parenting plans, the parties presented conflicting 

evidence at the hearing before the District Court. Given the deference that we appropriately give to 

district courts in cases such as this, we find no basis on which to reverse the decision here. It is not the 

appellate court’s prerogative to determine in the first instance what is an appropriate parenting plan for 

the parties’ child. Having observed and listened to the parties and heard the evidence, Judge McKeon

was in the best position to judge O.M.C.’s best interests. His findings are supported by substantial 

evidence in the record. Though Whitney expresses concern that a period of ten days between visits 

between a mother and her young child is too long, the parenting plan allows the parties to agree to 

additional visitation, and they should do so when it is in the child’s best interests. Especially in light of 

the court’s encouragement of the parties to agree to equal residential parenting if Whitney stays in 

Malta, the parenting plan is consistent with the statutory preference for “frequent and continuing 

contact with both parents.” Section 40-4-212(1)(l), MCA. 

¶10 We have determined to decide this case pursuant to Section I, Paragraph 3(c) of our Internal 

Operating Rules, which provides for noncitable opinions. This appeal presents no constitutional issues 

or issues of first impression. It does not establish new precedent or modify existing precedent. In our 

opinion, it would not be of future guidance for citation purposes to the citizens of Montana, the bench, 

or the bar. The District Court did not abuse its discretion in adopting the parenting plan. The District 

Court’s order for final parenting plan filed August 9, 2012, is affirmed.
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/S/ BETH BAKER

We concur: 

/S/ MIKE McGRATH

/S/ PATRICIA COTTER

/S/ MICHAEL E WHEAT

/S/ LAURIE McKINNON