UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY WA SHIN GT O N , D .C. 20460 

## fEB 0 2 20\5

OFFICE OF CHEMICAL SAFETY AND POLLUTION PREVENTION 

### MEMORANDUM
SUBJECT: BEAD Chemical Profile (BCP) for Registration Review: Cyazofamid (085651) 

### FROM :

THRU :

TO : Carl Chen, Biologist 

## C-t. · vJ.-**~** Biological Analysis Branch ()

### -~. /:) Rafael A. Prieto, Environmental Protection Specialist

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# &t · f (\}!'-{
- Science Information and Analysis Branch f 

# 1 "\.../'J
. Stephen Smearrnan, Economist 

## 1**~. ""~1}111** **~..L-4.A~** Economic Analysis Branch

### ~-¥-"~ Biological and Economic Analysis Division (7503P) Arnet Jones, Chief Biological Analysis Branch Diann Sims,

# Chief~ Science Information and Analysis Branch Timothy Kiely, Chief 

# Q1

1 

## All ( Economic Analysis Branch VV \., Biological and Economic Analysis Di sion (7503P) Jose Gayoso, Chemical Review Manager Risk Management and Implementation Branch 2 Pesticide Re-evaluation Division (7508P)
Peer Review Panel date : November 26 , 2014



### 1SUMMARY Cyazofamid was first registered in the United States 

### in 2004 (USEPA, 2004). This fungicide belongs to the cyano-imidiazole family offungicides and it is applied by ground or aerial spray to control early and la te blight downy mildew on the agricultural and non-agricultural use sites described below. The 2014 Screening-level Usage Analysis (SLUA) reports usage on the crops with the highest pounds a.i. applied. It shows that carrots and cucumbers, both with 3,000 pounds a.i. applied , are the crops with highest usage for this chemical. In terms of average percent crop treated, the top crops are again, carrots and cucumbers, with an average of 15% crop treated each. Per the SLUA, the remaining crops with usage are cantaloupes, peppers , potatoes, pumpkins, squash, tomatoes, and watermelons.
INTRODUCTION The Biological and Economic Analysis Division (BEAD) Chemical Profile (BCP) provides an overview ofthe pest management roles and quantitative usage information for cyazofamid. The BCP includes summaries ofprevious BEAD products and available public and/or private use and usage data for cyazofamid to describe the role ofthis chemical in pest management. Additional informa tion on use is availa ble in the cyazofamid Label Data Report. Information provided in this BEAD Chemical Profile (BCP) may be used by stakeholders (e.g., users and registrants), OPP risk assessors, and OPP risk managers , and the general public during the Registration Review process ofthis pesticide. USE SITES Agricultural uses Cyazofamid is registered for the following agricultural uses: crop group 5 Brassica (cole) leafy vegetables, potatoes, hops, spinach, turnip greens, and basil. Non

-agricultural uses Cyazofamid is registered for the fo ll owing non-agr icultural uses: turf (golf courses) and ornamentals.
FORMULATIONS AND APPLICATION METHODS Cyazofamid is formulated as an emulsifiable concentrate.

2HISTORY OF CYAZOFAMID AND BEAD PRODUCTS Cyazofamid was first registered in the United States as an herbicide in 2004 (USEPA, 2004). A Screening Level Usage Analysis (SLUA) was prepared by BEAD for this chemical in 2014 that provides the percent crop treated for nine crops (cantaloupes , carrots, cucumbers , peppers, potatoes, pumpkins , squash, tomatoes , watermelons). For cyazofamid, according to the 2014 SLUA, the crops with the highest pounds a.i
. applied are carrots and cucumbers, both with 3,000 pounds a.i. applied. In terms of average percent crop treated the top crops are again, carrots and cucumbers , with 15% average percent crop treated each
. Per the SLUA, the remaining crops with usage are cantaloupes, peppers, potatoes, pumpkins, squash, tomatoes, and watermelons. A search of BEAD's Official Records found two emergency exemption requests for cyazofamid in the last 10 years. One was for use in greenhouse grown basil in Alabama to control basil downy mildew (12AL OI). Basil downy mildew was considered a new pest in 2008 and in 20 12 was found in Alabama. The request was for the use of 0.14 pounds ai per acre on a total of 11.4 acres. B EAD concluded that the situation met the conditions to be considered urgent and nonroutine for greenhouse basil. The second was for the use of cyazofamid in Illinois on basil to control downy mildew disease (10

-IL-02). The request was for trea ting up to 500 acres with a combination ofmandipropamid and cyazofamid with two sequential sprays (maximum of 6 sprays per growing season)
. BEAD concluded that the situation met the conditions to be considered urgent and non-routine with up to a 50% yield loss offield grown basil. Subsequently, on September 4, 2013 the label was amended to add**b~sil** as well as other crops . Emergency exemptions may indicate that there is a need for a particular chemical that is not registered for use on a part icular site. An emergency exemption request may yield information about a particular chemical's importance or value that is not found in other EPA records. However, a lack ofemergency exemption assessments by BEAD does not specifically indicate the relative importance ofthe chemical. There is no LUIS Report for this chemical.
USAGE Usage Trends For the years 2006-2012, cyazofarnid annual usage averaged 6 ,000 pounds of active ingredient (A. I.) treating an annual average of 82,000 acres, and an overall average application rate of 0.073 pounds A. I. per acre. As shown in F igures 1 and 2, use, both pounds A. I. and total area treated (TAT), peaked in 2011. (Proprietary Data, 2006

-2012)



### 3

### FIGURE 1. 

### Cyazofamid Total Area Treated in 

### Acres (2006

-2012) 250,000

Vl Q)

.... u <( .!: -o Q) 

# - ., Q)
.... 1- 

### ., Q)
.... <( 

### ., 

# - 0 1-

2006 2007

Source: Proprietary Data, 2006-2012 2008 2009 Year 2010



### FIGURE 2. Cyazofamid Pounds Applied (2006

-2012)

<( 

### "' -o c ::;) 0 c.. 20,000

0 2011

2006 2007 2008 2009 Year 2010 2011

Source: Proprietary Data , 2006-2012 2012

2012

4As seen on Table 1 below, cucumbers and carrots are the top crops for cyazofamid, with California and Florida being the top states where this chemical is used. 

### Table 1. Crops w 

### ith Highest Use of Cyazofamid -Percent ofTotal Lbs. A_I)J plied (2006-2012) 

### Crop %Lbs Cucumbers 40 Carrots 28 Potatoes 

### 11 Pumpkins 

### 9 Source: Proprietary Data, 2006-2012 

### Table 2. States 

### w· h H' h U f C It 

### igl est se o ;yazo ami 

# - f 'd 

### p ercent o ota s. 

### •P f T I 

### Lb A plied (2006-2012) 

### Crop 0 /o California 32

Florida 20 Georgia 13 Michigan 7 Source: Proprietary Data, 2006-2012 Application Rates 

### T bl 3 C f 'd 

# u

a e . ;yazo am• se on 

### T C op 'thA rops WI 

### verage AIR t 2006 2012 

# . . a e, 

# - Crop Pounds Applied Total Acres A vg. AI Rate (lbs Treated* a.i./acres) Cucumbers 17,000 270,000 0.063

Carrots 12,000 81,000 0.148 Potatoes 4,700 64,000 0.073 Pumpkins 4,900 58,000 0.084 *Total Acres Treated sums all acres treated for a crop, mcludmg those acres that receive multiple treatments. Source: Proprietary Data , 2006

-2012 Non

-agricultural Usage Non

-agricultural usage data for cyazofamid are limited. The only available estimate ofuse is 8,000 pounds on golf courses, and 1,100 pounds on nursery/greenhouse. (Proprietary Data, 2012).


### CHEMICAL AND USE CHARACTERISTICS Cyazofamid belongs to the chemical group of cyano-imidazole. It is a Qii (quinone inside inhibitor) fungicide classified by the Fungicide Resistance Action Committee (FRAC) as a FRAC Group 21 fungicide. Resistance risk of the Group 21 fungicides is unknown but is assumed to be medium to high, and resistance management is required (FRAC, 2014). Cyazofamid has a limited or local systemic activity and is typically used as a protectant fungicide to prevent infection from Oomycete diseases. The pre-harvest interval (PHI) is 0 days

### 5for use on many crops including cucurbits, fruiting vegetables, Brassica leafy vegetables, and leafy greens. Carrots and potatoes have a higher PHI, 14 and 7 days, respectively. Cyazofamid is a reduced risk fungicide, granted by the Agency for cucurbit vegetables , potato, and tomato 

### in 2004, and Brassica leafy vegetables , hops, spinach, and turnip (greens) in 2010. ROLE OF CYAZOFAMID IN PEST MANAGEMENT Cyazofamid is registered for control ofmany important diseases including downy mildew on cucurbits, basil, spinach, hops, and grapes, Phytophthora blight on cucurbits and tomatoes, club root on Brassica leafy vegetables (an alternative to PCNB), late blight on potatoes, tomatoes, and peppers, and Pythium diseases such as cavity spot on carrots. The major agricultural use of cyazofamid is on cucurbits and carrots. On cucumber, approximately 30 percent of cucumber acreage was recently treated by cyazofamid, the fifth most-applied fungicide on cucumber in the period of2011-2012 (Proprietary Data, 2011-2012). The total area treated by all fungicides on cucumber increased approximately 200,000 acres each year from 2008 to 2011 and leveled off in 2012 (Proprietary Data 2008-2012). In California, the most-applied fungicides, in term of cumulative acres treated in 2012, were sulfur, mefenoxam, pyraclostrobin, and cyazofamid (CDPR, 2012). Cyazofamid is a relatively new fungicide for control of cavity spot on carrots, a major soilborne disease, and has been often used in rotation with mefenoxam (CDPR, 2012). Proprietary Data (2011-2012) indicate that the uses on cucumber and carrots are the main drivers for a spike in 2011 and a drop offin 2012 depicted in Figure 1. Cyazofamid may also have potential of controlling or suppressing diseases that are not listed on the label. A FIFRA Section 2(ee) recommendation for Ranman® 400SC, a single active ingredient product of cyazofamid, has been issued for use on potatoes to suppress Pythium ultimum in approximately 20 states including California, Michigan, New Jersey, and Washington (CDMS, 2014). DATA NEEDS The Agency currently does not have complete information on cyazofamid. Obtaining the following information may improve future assessments conducted by the Agency related to the use and importance of cyazofamid. 1. Site/crop specific information on the target pests, damage, economic thresholds, best time to treat, as well as alternatives to cyazofamid. 2. Site/crop specific information on the formulation, application method, application rates, frequency of application, and timing of applications. 3. Site/crop specific information on barriers of adopting chemical and non-chemical alternatives to cyazofamid (e.g. price, efficacy, application methods, use restrictions, etc.).

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### REFERENCES
BEAD, 2010. BEAD Review of Illinois Emergency Exemption Request for Mandipropamid (10- Il-01, DP # 375687) and Cyazofamid (10-11

-02 , DP # 376369) Use on Basil to Control Downy Mildew Disease.pdf BEAD, 2012. Review of a Request for an Emergency Exemption for Cyazofamid (12-AL-01; DP 

### # 400207) and Mandipropamid (12-AL-02; 

### # DP 400208) to Manage Downy Mildew on Basil in Greenhouses in Alabama.pdf BEAD, 2014. Screening Level Usage Analysis (SLUA) for cyazofamid. CDMS
. 2014. Crop Data Management Systems. http: // premier.cdms.net/webapls
. Accessed August 2014. CDPR. 2012. Summary ofpesticide use data

- Indexed by Chemicals. California Department of Pesticide Registration (CDPR). http ://www.cdpr.ca. govIdocs/pur /pur12rep / 12sum.htm Accessed August 2014. FRAC
. 2014. Fungicide Resistance Action Committee. http :// wvvw .frac
.info/frac/index.htm Accessed August 2014. Proprietary Data, 1998-2012. US EPA. Office ofPesticide Programs. Petition for Cyazofamid. April2014
. http 

### :1 /www2 .epa.gov /sites/production/files/20 14

-04/ documents /cyazofamid-petition-sep4 .pdf Accessed November 20,2014.

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