Exhibit 4.5


 


VOYAGER THERAPEUTICS, INC.


 


and


 





 



 


Trustee


 


INDENTURE


 


Dated as of _______________


 


SUBORDINATED DEBT SECURITIES


 






     


     


    

 


CROSS-REFERENCE TABLE (1)





 


	Section of Trust Indenture Act

of 1939, as amended	 	Section of

Indenture
	310(a)	 	6.09
	310(b)	 	6.08

6.10
	310(c)	 	Inapplicable
	311(a)	 	6.13
	311(b)	 	6.13
	311(c)	 	Inapplicable
	312(a)	 	4.01

4.04
	312(b)	 	4.04(c)
	312(c)	 	4.04(c)
	313(a)	 	4.03
	313(b)	 	4.03
	313(c)	 	4.03
	313(d)	 	4.03
	314(a)	 	4.02
	314(b)	 	Inapplicable
	314(c)	 	2.04

8.04

9.01(c)

10.01(b)

11.05
	314(d)	 	Inapplicable
	314(e)	 	11.05
	314(f)	 	Inapplicable
	315(a)	 	6.01

6.02
	315(b)	 	5.11
	315(c)	 	6.01
	315(d)	 	6.01

6.02
	315(e)	 	5.12
	316(a)	 	5.09

5.10

7.04
	316(b)	 	5.06

5.10
	316(c)	 	7.02
	317(a)	 	5.04
	317(b)	 	3.04
	318(a)	 	11.07





 





 






(1) This Cross-Reference Table does not constitute part of the
Indenture and shall not have any bearing on the interpretation of any of its terms or provisions.


 






     


     


    

 


TABLE OF CONTENTS





 


	 	 	Page
	ARTICLE 1 DEFINITIONS	1
	Section 1.01	Certain Terms Defined	1
	ARTICLE 2 SECURITIES	6
	Section 2.01	Forms Generally	6
	Section 2.02	Form of Trustee’s Certificate of Authentication	6
	Section 2.03	Amount Unlimited; Issuable in Series	6
	Section 2.04	Authentication and Delivery of Securities	8
	Section 2.05	Execution of Securities	9
	Section 2.06	Certificate of Authentication	9
	Section 2.07	Denomination and Date of Securities; Payments of Interest	9
	Section 2.08	Registration, Transfer and Exchange	10
	Section 2.09	Mutilated, Defaced, Destroyed, Lost and Stolen Securities	11
	Section 2.10	Cancellation of Securities; Destruction Thereof	12
	Section 2.11	Temporary Securities	12
	Section 2.12	CUSIP Numbers	12
	ARTICLE 3 COVENANTS OF THE ISSUER	13
	Section 3.01	Payment of Principal and Interest	13
	Section 3.02	Offices for Payments, Etc.	13
	Section 3.03	Appointment to Fill a Vacancy in Office of Trustee	13
	Section 3.04	Paying Agents	13
	Section 3.05	Written Statement to Trustee	14
	ARTICLE 4 SECURITYHOLDERS LISTS AND REPORTS BY THE ISSUER AND THE TRUSTEE	14
	Section 4.01	Issuer to Furnish Trustee Information as to Names and Addresses of Securityholders	14
	Section 4.02	Reports by the Issuer	14
	Section 4.03	Reports by the Trustee	14
	Section 4.04	Preservation of Information; Communication with Securityholders	15
	ARTICLE 5 REMEDIES OF THE TRUSTEE AND SECURITYHOLDERS ON EVENT OF DEFAULT	15
	Section 5.01	Event of Default Defined; Acceleration of Maturity; Waiver of Default	15
	Section 5.02	Collection of Debt by Trustee; Trustee May Prove Debt	16
	Section 5.03	Application of Proceeds	18
	Section 5.04	Suits for Enforcement	18
	Section 5.05	Restoration of Rights on Abandonment of Proceedings	18
	Section 5.06	Limitations on Suits by Securityholders	19
	Section 5.07	Unconditional Right of Securityholders to Institute Certain Suits	19
	Section 5.08	Powers and Remedies Cumulative; Delay or Omission Not Waiver of Default	19
	Section 5.09	Control by Holders of Securities	19
	Section 5.10	Waiver of Past Defaults	20
	Section 5.11	Trustee to Give Notice of Default	20
	Section 5.12	Right of Court to Require Filing of Undertaking to Pay Costs	20
	ARTICLE 6 CONCERNING THE TRUSTEE	20
	Section 6.01	Duties and Responsibilities of the Trustee; During Default; Prior to Default	20
	Section 6.02	Certain Rights of the Trustee	21
	Section 6.03	Trustee Not Responsible for Recitals, Disposition of Securities or Application of Proceeds Thereof	22
	Section 6.04	Trustee and Agents May Hold Securities; Collections, Etc.	22
	Section 6.05	Moneys Held by Trustee	22
	Section 6.06	Compensation and Indemnification of Trustee and Its Prior Claim	22
	Section 6.07	Right of Trustee to Rely on Officer’s Certificate, Etc.	22



 






     


     


    

 


	Section 6.08	Disqualification; Conflicting Interests	23
	Section 6.09	Persons Eligible for Appointment as Trustee	23
	Section 6.10	Resignation and Removal; Appointment of Successor Trustee	23
	Section 6.11	Acceptance of Appointment by Successor Trustee	24
	Section 6.12	Merger, Conversion, Consolidation or Succession to Business of Trustee	24
	Section 6.13	Preferential Collection of Claims Against the Issuer	25
	ARTICLE 7 CONCERNING THE SECURITYHOLDERS	25
	Section 7.01	Evidence of Action Taken by Securityholders	25
	Section 7.02	Proof of Execution of Instruments and of Holding of Securities	25
	Section 7.03	Holders to Be Treated as Owners	25
	Section 7.04	Securities Owned by Issuer Deemed Not Outstanding	25
	Section 7.05	Right of Revocation of Action Taken	26
	ARTICLE 8 SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES	26
	Section 8.01	Supplemental Indentures Without Consent of Securityholders	26
	Section 8.02	Supplemental Indentures With Consent of Securityholders	27
	Section 8.03	Effect of Supplemental Indenture	28
	Section 8.04	Documents to Be Given to Trustee	28
	Section 8.05	Notation on Securities in Respect of Supplemental Indentures	28
	ARTICLE 9 CONSOLIDATION, MERGER, SALE OR CONVEYANCE	29
	Section 9.01	Issuer May Consolidate, Etc., on Certain Terms	29
	Section 9.02	Successor Issuer Substituted	29
	ARTICLE 10 SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE OF INDENTURE; DEFEASANCE; UNCLAIMED MONEYS	29
	Section 10.01	Satisfaction and Discharge of Indenture; Defeasance	29
	Section 10.02	Application by Trustee of Funds Deposited for Payment of Securities	32
	Section 10.03	Repayment of Moneys Held by Paying Agent	32
	Section 10.04	Return of Moneys Held by Trustee and Paying Agent Unclaimed for Two Years	32
	Section 10.05	Indemnity for U.S. Government Obligations and Foreign Government Obligations	32
	ARTICLE 11 MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS	33
	Section 11.01	No Recourse	33
	Section 11.02	Provisions of Indenture for the Sole Benefit of Parties and Holders of Securities	33
	Section 11.03	Successors and Assigns of Issuer Bound by Indenture	33
	Section 11.04	Notices and Demands on Issuer, Trustee and Holders of Securities	33
	Section 11.05	Officer’s Certificates and Opinions of Counsel; Statements to Be Contained Therein	34
	Section 11.06	Payments Due on Saturdays, Sundays and Holidays	34
	Section 11.07	Conflict of Any Provision of Indenture With Trust Indenture Act of 1939	34
	Section 11.08	New York Law to Govern	35
	Section 11.09	Counterparts	35



 






     


     


    

 


	Section 11.10	Effect of Headings	35
	Section 11.11	Actions by Successor	35
	Section 11.12	Severability	35
	ARTICLE 12 REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES AND SINKING FUNDS	35
	Section 12.01	Applicability of Article	35
	Section 12.02	Notice of Redemption; Partial Redemptions	35
	Section 12.03	Payment of Securities Called for Redemption	36
	Section 12.04	Exclusion of Certain Securities from Eligibility for Selection for Redemption	36
	Section 12.05	Mandatory and Optional Sinking Funds	37
	ARTICLE 13 SUBORDINATION OF SECURITIES	38
	Section 13.01	Agreement of Subordination	38
	Section 13.02	Payments to Securityholders	38
	Section 13.03	Subrogation of Securities	39
	Section 13.04	Authorization by Securityholders	40
	Section 13.05	Notice to Trustee	40
	Section 13.06	Trustee’s Relation to Senior Indebtedness	41
	Section 13.07	No Impairment of Subordination	41
	Section 13.08	Rights of Trustee	41


 






     


     


    




 


THIS INDENTURE, dated as of _________, between
Voyager Therapeutics, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Issuer”), and _________, a _________ (the “Trustee”),





 


W I T N E S S E T H:


 


WHEREAS, the Issuer may from time to time duly
authorize the issue of its unsecured subordinated debentures, notes or other evidences of indebtedness to be issued in one or more series
(the “Securities”) up to such principal amount or amounts as may from time to time be authorized in accordance with
the terms of this Indenture;


 


WHEREAS, the Issuer has duly authorized the execution
and delivery of this Indenture to provide, among other things, for the authentication, delivery and administration of the Securities;
and


 


WHEREAS, all things necessary to make this Indenture
a valid indenture and agreement according to its terms have been done;


 


NOW, THEREFORE:


 


In consideration of the premises and the purchases
of the Securities by the holders thereof, the Issuer and the Trustee mutually covenant and agree for the equal and proportionate benefit
of the respective holders from time to time of the Securities as follows:


 


ARTICLE 1

DEFINITIONS


 


Section 1.01 Certain Terms Defined. The
following terms (except as otherwise expressly provided or unless the context otherwise clearly requires) for all purposes of this Indenture
and of any indenture supplemental hereto shall have the respective meanings specified in this Section. All other terms used in this Indenture
that are defined in the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 or the definitions of which in the Securities Act of 1933, as amended are referred
to in the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, including terms defined therein by reference to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (except
as herein otherwise expressly provided or unless the context otherwise clearly requires), shall have the meanings assigned to such terms
in said Trust Indenture Act of 1939 and in said Securities Act of 1933 as in force at the date of this Indenture. All accounting terms
used herein and not expressly defined shall have the meanings assigned to such terms in accordance with generally accepted accounting
principles, and the term “generally accepted accounting principles” means such accounting principles as are generally
accepted in the United States at the time of any computation. The words “herein”, “hereof” and “hereunder”
and other words of similar import refer to this Indenture as a whole and not to any particular Article, Section or other subdivision.
The terms defined in this Article have the meanings assigned to them in this Article and include the plural as well as the singular.


 


“Additional Amounts” means any
additional amounts that are required by this Indenture or by any Security, under circumstances specified herein or therein, to be paid
by the Issuer in respect of certain taxes, assessments or other governmental charges imposed on Holders specified therein and which are
owing to such Holders.


 


“Applicable Procedures” means,
with respect to a Depositary, as to any matter at any time, the policies and procedures of such Depositary, if any, that are applicable
to such matter at such time.


 


“Board of Directors” means either
the Board of Directors of the Issuer or any committee of such Board duly authorized to act on its behalf.


 


“Board Resolution” means a copy
of one or more resolutions, certified by the secretary or an assistant secretary of the Issuer to have been duly adopted by the Board
of Directors and to be in full force and effect, and delivered to the Trustee.


 






    1


     


    

 


“Business Day” means, with respect
to any Security, a day that in the city (or in any of the cities, if more than one) in which amounts are payable, as specified in the
form of such Security, is not a day on which banking institutions are authorized or required by law or regulation to close.


 





 


“Capital Stock” means (a) in
the case of a corporation, corporate stock; (b) in the case of an association or business entity, any and all shares, interests,
participations, rights or other equivalents (however designated) of corporate stock; (c) in the case of a partnership or limited
liability company, partnership interests (whether general or limited) or membership interests; and (d) any other interest or participation
that confers on a Person the right to receive a share of the profits and losses of, or distributions of assets of, the issuing Person,
but excluding from all of the foregoing any Debt securities convertible into Capital Stock, whether or not such Debt securities include
any right of participation with Capital Stock.


 


“Commission” means the Securities
and Exchange Commission, as from time to time constituted, created under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, or if at any time after
the execution and delivery of this Indenture such Commission is not existing and performing the duties now assigned to it under the Trust
Indenture Act of 1939, then the body performing such duties on such date.


 


“Common Stock” means shares
of common stock, par value $0.001 per share, of the Issuer as the same exists at the date of execution and delivery of this Indenture
or as such stock may be reconstituted from time to time.


 


“Corporate Trust Office” means
the office of the Trustee at which the corporate trust business of the Trustee shall, at any particular time, be principally administered,
which office is, at the date as of which this Indenture is dated, located at _________.


 


“Debt” of any Person means any
debt for money borrowed which is created, assumed, incurred or guaranteed in any manner by such Person or for which such Person is otherwise
responsible or liable, and shall expressly include any such guaranty thereof by such Person. For the purpose of computing the amount of
the Debt of any Person there shall be excluded all Debt of such Person for the payment or redemption or satisfaction of which money or
securities (or evidences of such Debt, if permitted under the terms of the instrument creating such Debt) in the necessary amount shall
have been deposited in trust with the proper depositary, whether upon or prior to the maturity or the date fixed for redemption of such
Debt; and, in any instance where Debt is so excluded, for the purpose of computing the assets of such Person there shall be excluded the
money, securities or evidences of Debt deposited by such Person in trust for the purpose of paying or satisfying such Debt.


 


“Depositary” means, with respect
to the Securities of any series issuable or issued in the form of one or more Global Securities, the Person designated as Depositary by
the Issuer pursuant to Section 2.04 until a successor Depositary shall have become such pursuant to the applicable provisions of
this Indenture, and thereafter “Depositary” shall mean or include each Person who is then a Depositary hereunder, and
if at any time there is more than one such Person, “Depositary” as used with respect to the Securities of any such
series shall mean the Depositary with respect to the Global Securities of that series.


 


“Dollar” means the currency
of the United States of America as at the time of payment is legal tender for the payment of public and private debts.


 


“Event of Default” means any
event or condition specified as such in Section 5.01.


 


“Foreign Currency” means a currency
issued by the government of a country other than the United States.


 


“Foreign Government Obligation”
means (a) a direct obligation of the government of a country other than the United States of America, backed by the full faith and
credit of such government, (b) an obligation of a Person controlled or supervised by and acting as an agency or instrumentality of
such government, the payment of which is unconditionally guaranteed as a full faith and credit obligation by such government or (c) any
depositary receipt issued by a bank (as defined in Section 3(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933) as custodian with respect
to any Foreign Government Obligation which is specified in clause (a) and held by such bank for the account of the holder of such
depositary receipt, or with respect to any specific payment of principal of or interest on any such Foreign Government Obligation which
is so specified and held, provided that (except as required by law) such custodian is not authorized to make any deduction from the amount
payable to the holder of such depositary receipt from any amount received by the custodian in respect of the Foreign Government Obligation
or the specific payment of principal or interest evidenced by such depositary receipt.


 






    2


     


    




 


“Global Security” means a Security
evidencing all or a part of a series of Securities, issued to the Depositary for such series in accordance with Section 2.04, and
bearing the legend prescribed in Section 2.04.


 


“Holder”, “holder”,
 “holder of Securities”, “Securityholder” or other similar terms mean the Person in whose name such
Security is registered in the Security register kept by the Issuer for that purpose in accordance with the terms hereof.


 


“Indenture” means this instrument
as originally executed and delivered or, if amended or supplemented as herein provided, as so amended or supplemented or both, and shall
include the forms and terms of particular series of Securities established as contemplated hereunder.


 


“interest”, unless the context
otherwise requires, refers to interest, and when used with respect to non-interest bearing Securities, refers to interest payable after
maturity, if any.


 


“Interest Payment Date”, with
respect to any Security, means the Stated Maturity of an installment of interest on such Security.


 


“Issuer” means Voyager Therapeutics, Inc.,
a Delaware corporation, and, subject to Article 9, its successors and assigns.


 


“Issuer Order” means a written
statement, request or order of the Issuer signed in its name by the chairman of the Board of Directors, the president or any vice president
of the Issuer.


 


“Notice of Default” shall have
the meaning set forth in Section 5.01(c).


 


“Officer’s Certificate”
means a certificate signed by the chairman of the Board of Directors, the president, any vice president, the treasurer, the secretary
or any assistant secretary of the Issuer and delivered to the Trustee. Each such certificate shall comply with Section 314 of the
Trust Indenture Act of 1939 and, except to the extent provided herein, shall include the statements provided for in Section 11.05.


 


“Opinion of Counsel” means an
opinion in writing signed by the general corporate counsel or such other legal counsel who may be an employee of or counsel to the Issuer
and who shall be satisfactory to the Trustee. Each such opinion shall comply with Section 314 of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939
and shall include the statements provided for in Section 11.05, if and to the extent required hereby.


 


“original issue date” of any
Security (or portion thereof) means the earlier of (a) the date of such Security or (b) the date of any Security (or portion
thereof) for which such Security was issued (directly or indirectly) on registration of transfer, exchange or substitution.


 


“Original Issue Discount Security”
means any Security that provides for an amount less than the principal amount thereof to be due and payable upon a declaration of acceleration
of the maturity thereof pursuant to Section 5.01.


 


“Outstanding”, when used with
reference to Securities, shall, subject to the provisions of Section 7.04, mean, as of any particular time, all Securities authenticated
and delivered by the Trustee under this Indenture, except


 


(a) Securities theretofore cancelled by the
Trustee or delivered to the Trustee for cancellation;


 






    3


     


    

 


(b) Securities, or portions thereof, for the
payment or redemption of which cash, U.S. Government Obligations or Foreign Government Obligations (as provided for in Section 10.01(a) and
Section 10.01(b)) in the necessary amount shall have been deposited in trust with the Trustee or with any paying agent (other than
the Issuer) or shall have been set aside, segregated and held in trust by the Issuer for the Holders of such Securities (if the Issuer
shall act as its own paying agent); provided, that if such Securities, or portions thereof, are to be redeemed prior to the maturity
thereof, notice of such redemption shall have been given as herein provided, or provision satisfactory to the Trustee shall have been
made for giving such notice;





 


(c) Securities as to which Legal Defeasance
shall have been effected pursuant to Section 10.01(b);


 


(d) Securities in substitution for which other
Securities shall have been authenticated and delivered, or which shall have been paid, pursuant to the terms of Section 2.09 (except
with respect to any such Security as to which proof satisfactory to the Trustee is presented that such Security is held by a Person in
whose hands such Security is a legal, valid and binding obligation of the Issuer), Securities converted into Common Stock pursuant hereto
and Securities not deemed outstanding pursuant to Section 12.02; and


 


(e) Securities as to which any property deliverable
upon conversion thereof has been delivered (or such delivery has been made available), or as to which any other particular conditions
have been satisfied, in each case as may be provided for such Securities as contemplated in Section 2.03.


 


In determining whether the Holders of the requisite
principal amount of Outstanding Securities of any or all series have given any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent
or waiver hereunder, (A) the principal amount of an Original Issue Discount Security that shall be deemed to be Outstanding for such
purposes shall be the amount of the principal thereof that would be due and payable as of the date of such determination upon a declaration
of acceleration of the maturity thereof pursuant to Section 5.01, (B) if, as of such date, the principal amount payable at the
Stated Maturity of a Security is not determinable, the principal amount of such Security which shall be deemed to be Outstanding shall
be the amount as specified or determined as contemplated by Section 2.03, and (C) the principal amount of a Security denominated
in one or more foreign currencies, composite currencies or currency units which shall be deemed to be Outstanding shall be the U.S. dollar
equivalent, determined as of such date in the manner provided as contemplated by Section 2.03, of the principal amount of such Security
(or, in the case of a Security described in clause (A) or (B) above, of the amount determined as provided in such clause).


 


“Person” means any individual,
corporation, partnership, limited partnership, limited liability company, joint venture, association, joint stock company, trust, unincorporated
organization or government or any agency or political subdivision thereof.


 


“principal” whenever used with
reference to the Securities or any Security or any portion thereof, shall be deemed to include “and premium, if any”.


 


“record date” shall have the
meaning set forth in Section 2.07.


 


“Responsible Officer”, when
used with respect to the Trustee, means the chairman of the board of directors, any vice chairman of the board of directors, the chairman
of the trust committee, the chairman of the executive committee, any vice chairman of the executive committee, the president, any vice
president, the cashier, the secretary, the treasurer, any trust officer, any assistant trust officer, any assistant vice president, any
assistant cashier, any assistant secretary, any assistant treasurer, or any other officer or assistant officer of the Trustee customarily
performing functions similar to those performed by the persons who at the time shall be such officers, respectively, or to whom any corporate
trust matter is referred because of his or her knowledge of and familiarity with the particular subject.


 


“Security” or “Securities”
has the meaning stated in the first recital of this Indenture, or, as the case may be, Securities that have been authenticated and delivered
under this Indenture.


 


“Security Registrar” shall have
the meaning set forth in Section 4.01(b).


 






    4


     


    

 


“Senior Indebtedness” of a Person
means the principal of, premium, if any, interest on, and any other payment due pursuant to any of the following, whether outstanding
at the date hereof or hereafter incurred or created:





 


(a) all of the indebtedness of that Person for
money borrowed;


 


(b) all of the indebtedness of that Person evidenced
by notes, debentures, bonds or other securities sold by that Person for money;


 


(c) all of the lease obligations which are capitalized
on the books of that Person in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;


 


(d) all indebtedness of others of the kinds
described in either of the preceding clauses (a) or (b) above and all lease obligations of others of the kind described in the
preceding clause (c) above that the Person, in any manner, assumes or guarantees or that the Person in effect guarantees through
an agreement to purchase, whether that agreement is contingent or otherwise; and


 


(e) all renewals, extensions or refundings of
indebtedness of the kinds described in any of the preceding clauses (a), (b) and (d) and all renewals or extensions of leases
of the kinds described in either of the preceding clauses (c) or (d) above;


 


unless, in the case of any particular indebtedness, lease, renewal,
extension or refunding, the instrument or lease creating or evidencing it or the assumption or guarantee relating to it expressly provides
that such indebtedness, lease, renewal, extension or refunding is not superior in right of payment to the Securities.


 


“Stated Maturity”, with respect
to any Security or any installment of principal thereof or interest thereon or any Additional Amounts with respect thereto, means the
date established by or pursuant to this Indenture or such Security as the fixed date on which the principal of such Security or such installment
of principal or interest is, or such Additional Amounts are, due and payable.


 


“Subsidiary” means any corporation
or other entity (including, without limitation, partnerships, limited liability companies, joint ventures and associations) of which at
least a majority of the outstanding Capital Stock having by the terms thereof (without regard to the occurrence or any contingency) ordinary
voting power for the election of directors (or persons performing similar functions) of such corporation or other entity (irrespective
of whether or not at the time the Capital Stock of any other class or classes of such corporation or other entity shall have or might
have voting power by reason of the occurrence of any such contingency) is at the time directly or indirectly owned by the Issuer, or by
one or more Subsidiaries of the Issuer, or by the Issuer and one or more other Subsidiaries of the Issuer.


 


“Trust Indenture Act of 1939”
(except as otherwise provided in Sections 8.01 and 8.02) means the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 as in force at the date as of which this
Indenture was originally executed.


 


“Trustee” means the Person identified
as “Trustee” in the first paragraph hereof and, subject to the provisions of Article 6, shall also include any
successor trustee. “Trustee” shall also mean or include each Person who is then a trustee hereunder and if at any time
there is more than one such Person, “Trustee” as used with respect to the Securities of any series shall mean the trustee
with respect to the Securities of such series.


 


“U.S. Government Obligation”
means (a) a direct obligation of the United States of America, backed by its full faith and credit, or (b) an obligation of
a Person controlled or supervised by and acting as an agency or instrumentality of the United States of America, the payment of which
is unconditionally guaranteed as a full faith and credit obligation by the United States of America.


 


“vice president”, when used
with respect to the Issuer or the Trustee, means any vice president, whether or not designated by a number or a word or words added before
or after the title of “vice president”.


 






    5


     


    

 


“Yield to Maturity” means the
yield to maturity on a series of securities, calculated at the time of issuance of such series, or, if applicable, at the most recent
redetermination of interest on such series, and calculated in accordance with accepted financial practice.


 





ARTICLE 2

SECURITIES


 


Section 2.01 Forms Generally. The Securities
of each series shall be substantially in such form (not inconsistent with this Indenture) as shall be established by or pursuant to one
or more Board Resolutions (as set forth in a Board Resolution or, to the extent established pursuant to (rather than set forth in) a Board
Resolution, an Officer’s Certificate detailing such establishment) or in one or more indentures supplemental hereto, in each case
with such appropriate insertions, omissions, substitutions and other variations as are required or permitted by this Indenture and may
have imprinted or otherwise reproduced thereon such legend or legends or endorsements, not inconsistent with the provisions of this Indenture,
as may be required to comply with any law or with any rules or regulations pursuant thereto, or with any rules of any securities
exchange or to conform to general usage, all as may be determined by the officers executing such Securities as evidenced by their execution
of such Securities.


 


The definitive Securities shall be printed, lithographed
or engraved on steel engraved borders or may be produced in any other manner, all as determined by the officers executing such Securities
as evidenced by their execution of such Securities.


 


Section 2.02 Form of Trustee’s
Certificate of Authentication. The Trustee’s certificate of authentication on all Securities shall be in substantially the following
form:


 


This is one of the Securities of the series designated
herein and referred to in the within-mentioned Indenture.


 


	 	 
	 	as Trustee
	 	 	 
	 	By:	 
	 	 	Authorized Officer


 


Section 2.03 Amount Unlimited; Issuable
in Series. The aggregate principal amount of Securities which may be authenticated and delivered under this Indenture is unlimited.


 


The Securities may be issued in one or more series.
The terms of a series of Securities shall be established prior to the initial issuance thereof in or pursuant to one or more Board Resolutions,
or, to the extent established pursuant to (rather than set forth in) a Board Resolution, in an Officer’s Certificate detailing such
establishment and/or established in one or more indentures supplemental hereto. The terms of such series reflected in such Board Resolution,
Officer’s Certificate, or supplemental indenture may include the following or any additional or different terms:


 


(a) the designation of the Securities of the
series (which may be part of a series of Securities previously issued);


 


(b) any limit upon the aggregate principal amount
of the Securities of the series that may be authenticated and delivered under this Indenture (except for Securities authenticated and
delivered upon registration of transfer of, or in exchange for, or in lieu of, other Securities of the series pursuant to Section 2.08,
2.09, 2.11, 8.05 or 12.03);


 


(c) the date or dates on which the principal
of the Securities of the series is payable or the method used to determine those dates and the right, if any, to extend such date or dates;


 






    6


     


    

 


(d) the rate or rates at which the Securities
of the series shall bear interest, if any or the method by which such rate or rates shall be determined; the record date or dates for
the determination of holders to whom interest is payable; the date or dates from which such interest shall accrue and on which such interest
shall be payable , or the method by which such date or dates shall be determined; the right, if any, to extend the interest payment periods
and the duration of that extension; and the basis upon which interest shall be calculated if other than that of a 360-day year of twelve
30-day months;





 


(e) the place or places where the principal
of and any interest on Securities of the series shall be payable (if other than as provided in Section 3.02);


 


(f) the obligation or the right, if any, of
the Issuer to redeem, purchase or repay Securities of the series pursuant to any mandatory redemption, sinking fund or analogous provisions
or at the option of a Holder thereof and the price or prices at which and the period or periods within which and any terms and conditions
upon which Securities of the series shall be redeemed, purchased or repaid, in whole or in part, pursuant to such obligation or right;


 


(g) if other than denominations of $2,000 and
any integral multiple of $1,000 in excess thereof, the denominations in which Securities of the series shall be issuable;


 


(h) if other than the principal amount thereof,
the portion of the principal amount of Securities of the series which shall be payable upon declaration of acceleration of the maturity
thereof;


 


(i) if other than Dollars, the currency, currencies
or currency units in which the Securities of the series are denominated;


 


(j) if other than the currency in which the
Securities of the series are denominated, the currency in which payment of the principal of or interest on the Securities of such series
shall be payable;


 


(k) if the principal of or interest on the Securities
of the series is to be payable, at the election of the Issuer or a Holder thereof, in a currency other than that in which the Securities
are denominated, the period or periods within which, and the terms and conditions upon which, such election may be made;


 


(l) if the amount of payments of principal of
and interest on the Securities of the series may be determined by reference to an index based on a currency other than that in which the
Securities of the series are denominated, or by reference to one or more currency exchange rates, securities or baskets of securities,
commodity prices or indices, the manner in which such amounts shall be determined;


 


(m) the terms and conditions, if applicable,
upon which conversion or exchange of the Securities into Common Stock will be effected, including the initial conversion or exchange price
or rate and any adjustments thereto, the conversion or exchange period and other provisions in addition to or in lieu of those described
herein;


 


(n) if the Securities of the series may be issued
in exchange for surrendered Securities of another series, or for other securities of the Issuer, pursuant to the terms of such Securities
or securities or of any agreement entered into by the Issuer, the ratio of the principal amount of the Securities of the series to be
issued to the principal amount of the Securities or securities to be surrendered in exchange, and any other material terms of the exchange;


 


(o) if Sections 10.01(b) or 10.01(c) are
inapplicable to Securities of such series;


 


(p) whether and under what circumstances the
Issuer will pay Additional Amounts on the Securities and, if so, whether the Issuer will have the option to redeem such Securities rather
than pay such additional amounts;


 


(q) if the Securities of such series are to
be issuable in definitive form (whether upon original issue or upon exchange of a temporary Security of such series) only upon receipt
of certain certificates or other documents or satisfaction of other conditions, then the form and terms of such certificates, documents
or conditions;


 






    7


     


    

 


(r) any trustees, authenticating
or paying agents, transfer agents or registrars or any other agents with respect to the Securities of such series;








 


(s) any other events of default
or covenants with respect to the Securities of such series in addition to or in lieu of those contained in this Indenture;


 


(t) the extent to which payments
on the Securities will be subordinated to the payment of Senior Indebtedness of the Issuer; and


 


(u) any other terms of the series.


 


The Issuer may from time to time, without notice
to or the consent of the holders of any series of Securities, create and issue further Securities of any such series ranking equally with
the Securities of such series in all respects (or in all respects other than (1) the payment of interest accruing prior to the issue
date of such further Securities or (2) the first payment of interest following the issue date of such further Securities). Such further
Securities may be consolidated and form a single series with the Securities of such series and have the same terms as to status, redemption
or otherwise as the Securities of such series.


 


Section 2.04 Authentication and Delivery
of Securities. The Issuer may deliver Securities of any series executed by the Issuer to the Trustee for authentication together with
the applicable documents referred to below in this Section, and the Trustee shall thereupon authenticate and deliver such Securities to
or upon the order of the Issuer (contained in the Issuer Order referred to below in this Section) or pursuant to such procedures acceptable
to the Trustee and to such recipients as may be specified from time to time by an Issuer Order. The maturity date, original issue date,
interest rate and any other terms of the Securities of such series shall be determined by or pursuant to such Issuer Order and procedures.
If provided for in such procedures, such Issuer Order may authorize authentication and delivery pursuant to oral instructions from the
Issuer or its duly authorized agent, which instructions shall be promptly confirmed in writing. In authenticating such Securities and
accepting the additional responsibilities under this Indenture in relation to such Securities, the Trustee shall be entitled to receive,
and (subject to Section 6.01) shall be fully protected in relying upon:


 


(a) an Issuer Order requesting such authentication
and setting forth delivery instructions if the Securities are not to be delivered to the Issuer;


 


(b) any Board Resolution, Officer’s Certificate
and/or executed supplemental indenture referred to in Sections 2.01 and 2.03 by or pursuant to which the forms and terms of the Securities
were established;


 


(c) an Officer’s Certificate setting forth
the form or forms and terms of the Securities stating that the form or forms and terms of the Securities have been established pursuant
to Sections 2.01 and 2.03 and comply with this Indenture, and covering such other matters as the Trustee may reasonably request; and


 


(d) an Opinion of Counsel to the effect that:


 


(i) the form or forms and terms of
such Securities have been established pursuant to Sections 2.01 and 2.03 and comply with this Indenture,


 


(ii) the authentication and delivery
of such Securities by the Trustee are authorized under the provisions of this Indenture, and


 


(iii) such Securities when authenticated
and delivered by the Trustee and issued by the Issuer in the manner and subject to any conditions specified in such Opinion of Counsel,
will constitute valid and binding obligations of the Issuer,


 


and covering such other matters as the Trustee may reasonably request.


 






    8


     


    

 


The Trustee shall have the right to decline to
authenticate and deliver any Securities under this Section if the Trustee, being advised by counsel, determines that such action
may not lawfully be taken by the Issuer or if the Trustee in good faith by its board of directors or board of trustees, executive committee,
or a trust committee of directors or trustees or Responsible Officers shall determine that such action would expose the Trustee to personal
liability to existing Holders or would affect the Trustee’s own rights, duties or immunities under the Securities, this Indenture
or otherwise.








 


The Issuer shall execute and the Trustee shall,
in accordance with this Section with respect to the Securities of a series, authenticate and deliver one or more Global Securities
that (i) shall represent and shall be denominated in an amount equal to the aggregate principal amount of all of the Securities of
such series issued and not yet cancelled, (ii) shall be registered in the name of the Depositary for such Global Security or Securities
or the nominee of such Depositary, (iii) shall be delivered by the Trustee to such Depositary or pursuant to such Depositary’s
instructions and (iv) shall bear a legend substantially to the following effect:


 


“UNLESS AND UNTIL IT IS EXCHANGED IN WHOLE
OR IN PART FOR SECURITIES IN DEFINITIVE REGISTERED FORM, THIS SECURITY MAY NOT BE TRANSFERRED EXCEPT AS A WHOLE BY THE DEPOSITARY
TO A NOMINEE OF THE DEPOSITARY OR BY A NOMINEE OF THE DEPOSITARY TO THE DEPOSITARY OR ANOTHER NOMINEE OF THE DEPOSITARY OR BY THE DEPOSITARY
OR ANY SUCH NOMINEE TO A SUCCESSOR DEPOSITARY OR A NOMINEE OF SUCH SUCCESSOR DEPOSITARY.”


 


Each Depositary designated pursuant to this Section must,
at the time of its designation and at all times while it serves as Depositary, be a clearing agency registered under the Securities Exchange
Act of 1934, as amended and any other applicable statute or regulation.


 


Section 2.05 Execution of Securities.
The Securities shall be signed on behalf of the Issuer by the chairman of its Board of Directors, any vice chairman of its Board of Directors,
its chief executive officer, its principal financial officer, its president, any vice president or its treasurer. Such signatures may
be the manual or facsimile signatures of the present or any future such officers. Typographical and other minor errors or defects in any
such reproduction of any such signature shall not affect the validity or enforceability of any Security that has been duly authenticated
and delivered by the Trustee.


 


In case any officer of the Issuer who shall have
signed any of the Securities shall cease to be such officer before the Security so signed shall be authenticated and delivered by the
Trustee or disposed of by the Issuer, such Security nevertheless may be authenticated and delivered or disposed of as though the person
who signed such Security had not ceased to be such officer of the Issuer; and any Security may be signed on behalf of the Issuer by such
persons as, at the actual date of the execution of such Security, shall be the proper officers of the Issuer, although at the date of
the execution and delivery of this Indenture any such person was not such an officer.


 


Section 2.06 Certificate of Authentication.
Only such Securities as shall bear thereon a certificate of authentication substantially in the form hereinbefore recited, executed by
the Trustee by the manual signature of one of its authorized officers, shall be entitled to the benefits of this Indenture or be valid
or obligatory for any purpose. The execution of such certificate by the Trustee upon any Security executed by the Issuer shall be conclusive
evidence that the Security so authenticated has been duly authenticated and delivered hereunder and that the Holder is entitled to the
benefits of this Indenture.


 


Section 2.07 Denomination and Date of Securities;
Payments of Interest. The Securities of each series shall be issuable in denominations established as contemplated by Section 2.03
or, if not so established, in denominations of $2,000 and any integral multiple of $1,000 thereof. The Securities of each series shall
be numbered, lettered or otherwise distinguished in such manner or in accordance with such plan as the officers of the Issuer executing
the same may determine with the approval of the Trustee, as evidenced by the execution and authentication thereof. Unless otherwise indicated
in a Board Resolution, Officer’s Certificate or supplemental indenture for a particular series, interest will be calculated on the
basis of a 360-day year of twelve 30-day months.


 


Each Security shall be dated the date of its authentication.
The Securities of each series shall bear interest, if any, from the date, and such interest shall be payable on the dates, established
as contemplated by Section 2.03.


 






    9


     


    

 


The Person in whose name any Security of any series
is registered at the close of business on any record date applicable to a particular series with respect to any Interest Payment Date
for such series shall be entitled to receive the interest, if any, payable on such Interest Payment Date notwithstanding any transfer,
exchange or conversion of such Security subsequent to the record date and prior to such Interest Payment Date, except if and to the extent
the Issuer shall default in the payment of the interest due on such Interest Payment Date for such series, in which case such defaulted
interest shall be paid to the Persons in whose names Outstanding Securities for such series are registered at the close of business on
a subsequent record date (which shall be not less than five Business Days prior to the date of payment of such defaulted interest) established
by notice given by or on behalf of the Issuer to the Holders of Securities not less than 15 days preceding such subsequent record date.
The term “record date” as used with respect to any Interest Payment Date (except a date for payment of defaulted interest)
for the Securities of any series shall mean the date specified as such in the terms of the Securities of such series established as contemplated
by Section 2.03, or, if no such date is so specified, if such Interest Payment Date is the first day of a calendar month, the 15th
day of the immediately preceding calendar month or, if such Interest Payment Date is the 15th day of a calendar month, the first day of
such calendar month, whether or not such record date is a Business Day.





 


Section 2.08 Registration, Transfer and
Exchange. The Issuer will keep at each office or agency to be maintained for the purpose as provided in Section 3.02 for each
series of Securities a register or registers in which, subject to such reasonable regulations as it may prescribe, it will provide for
the registration of Securities of such series and the registration of transfer of Securities of such series. Such register shall be in
written form in the English language or in any other form capable of being converted into such form within a reasonable time. At all reasonable
times such register or registers shall be open for inspection by the Trustee.


 


Upon due presentation for registration of transfer
of any Security of any series at any such office or agency to be maintained for the purpose as provided in Section 3.02, the Issuer
shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver in the name of the transferee or transferees a new Security or Securities
of the same series, maturity date, interest rate and original issue date in authorized denominations for a like aggregate principal amount.


 


At the option of the Holder thereof, Securities
of any series (except a Global Security) may be exchanged for a Security or Securities of such series having authorized denominations
and an equal aggregate principal amount, upon surrender of such Securities to be exchanged at the agency of the Issuer that shall be maintained
for such purpose in accordance with Section 3.02 and upon payment, if the Issuer shall so require, of the charges hereinafter provided.
Whenever any Securities are so surrendered for exchange, the Issuer shall execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, the
Securities which the Holder making the exchange is entitled to receive. All Securities surrendered upon any exchange or transfer provided
for in this Indenture shall be promptly cancelled and disposed of by the Trustee and the Trustee will deliver a certificate of disposition
thereof to the Issuer.


 


All Securities presented for registration of transfer,
exchange, redemption or payment shall (if so required by the Issuer or the Trustee) be duly endorsed by, or be accompanied by a written
instrument or instruments of transfer in form satisfactory to the Issuer and the Trustee duly executed by, the Holder or his or her attorney
duly authorized in writing.


 


The Issuer may require payment of a sum sufficient
to cover any stamp or other tax or other governmental charge that may be imposed in connection with any exchange or registration of transfer
of Securities. No service charge shall be made for any such transaction.


 


The Issuer shall not be required to exchange or
register a transfer of (a) any Securities of any series for a period of 15 days immediately preceding the first delivery of notice
of redemption of Securities of such series to be redeemed or (b) any Securities selected, called or being called for redemption,
in whole or in part, except, in the case of any Security to be redeemed in part, the portion thereof not so to be redeemed.


 


Notwithstanding any other provision of this Section 2.08,
unless and until it is exchanged in whole or in part for Securities in definitive registered form, a Global Security representing all
or a portion of the Securities of a series may not be transferred except as a whole by the Depositary for such series to a nominee of
such Depositary or by a nominee of such Depositary to such Depositary or another nominee of such Depositary or by such Depositary or any
such nominee to a successor Depositary for such series or a nominee of such successor Depositary.


 






    10


     


    

 


If at any time the Depositary for the Securities
of a series notifies the Issuer that it is unwilling or unable to continue as Depositary for the Securities of such series or if at any
time the Depositary for the Securities of a series shall no longer be eligible under Section 2.04, the Issuer shall appoint a successor
Depositary with respect to the Securities of such series. If a successor Depositary for the Securities of such series is not appointed
by the Issuer within 90 days after the Issuer receives such notice or becomes aware of such ineligibility, the Issuer’s determination
pursuant to Section 2.03 that the Securities of such series be represented by a Global Security shall no longer be effective and
the Issuer will execute, and the Trustee, upon receipt of an Officer’s Certificate for the authentication and delivery of definitive
Securities of such series, will authenticate and deliver, Securities of such series in definitive registered form, in any authorized denominations,
in an aggregate principal amount equal to the principal amount of the Global Security or Securities representing the Securities of such
series, in exchange for such Global Security or Securities.





 


The Issuer may at any time and in its sole discretion
determine that the Securities of any series issued in the form of one or more Global Securities shall no longer be represented by a Global
Security or Securities. In such event the Issuer will execute, and the Trustee, upon receipt of an Officer’s Certificate for the
authentication and delivery of definitive Securities of such series, will authenticate and deliver, Securities of such series in definitive
registered form, in any authorized denominations, in an aggregate principal amount equal to the principal amount of the Global Security
or Securities representing such series, in exchange for such Global Security or Securities.


 


The Depositary for such Global Security may surrender
such Global Security in exchange in whole or in part for Securities of the same series in definitive registered form in accordance with
the two preceding paragraphs or on such other terms as are acceptable to the Issuer and such Depositary. Thereupon, the Issuer shall execute,
and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, without service charge,


 


(i) to the Person specified by such
Depositary a new Security or Securities of the same series, of any authorized denominations as requested by such Person, in an aggregate
principal amount equal to and in exchange for such Person’s beneficial interest in the Global Security; and


 


(ii) to such Depositary a new Global
Security in a denomination equal to the difference, if any, between the principal amount of the surrendered Global Security and the aggregate
principal amount of Securities authenticated and delivered pursuant to clause (i) above.


 


Upon the exchange of a Global Security for Securities
in definitive registered form, in authorized denominations, such Global Security shall be cancelled by the Trustee. Securities in definitive
registered form issued in exchange for a Global Security pursuant to this Section 2.08 shall be registered in such names and in such
authorized denominations as the Depositary for such Global Security, pursuant to instructions from its direct or indirect participants
or otherwise, shall instruct the Trustee. The Trustee shall deliver such Securities to or as directed by the Persons in whose names such
Securities are so registered.


 


All Securities issued upon any transfer or exchange
of Securities shall be valid obligations of the Issuer, evidencing the same debt, and entitled to the same benefits under this Indenture,
as the Securities surrendered upon such transfer or exchange.


 


Section 2.09 Mutilated, Defaced, Destroyed,
Lost and Stolen Securities. In case any temporary or definitive Security shall become mutilated or defaced or be destroyed, lost or
stolen, the Issuer in its discretion may execute, and upon the written request of any officer of the Issuer, the Trustee shall authenticate
and deliver a new Security of the same series, maturity date, interest rate and original issue date, bearing a number or other distinguishing
symbol not contemporaneously outstanding, in exchange and substitution for the mutilated or defaced Security, or in lieu of and substitution
for the Security so destroyed, lost or stolen. In every case the applicant for a substitute Security shall furnish to the Issuer and to
the Trustee and any agent of the Issuer or the Trustee such security or indemnity as may be required by them to indemnify and defend and
to save each of them harmless and, in every case of destruction, loss or theft, evidence to their satisfaction of the destruction, loss
or theft of such Security and of the ownership thereof and in the case of mutilation or defacement shall surrender the Security to the
Trustee.


 






    11


     


    

 


Upon the issuance of any substitute Security, the
Issuer may require the payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge that may be imposed in relation thereto
and any other expenses (including the fees and expenses of the Trustee) connected therewith. In case any Security which has matured or
is about to mature or has been called for redemption in full, or is being surrendered for conversion in full, shall become mutilated or
defaced or be destroyed, lost or stolen, the Issuer may, instead of issuing a substitute Security (with the Holder’s consent, in
the case of convertible Securities), pay or authorize the payment of the same or convert, or authorize conversion of the same (without
surrender thereof except in the case of a mutilated or defaced Security), if the applicant for such payment shall furnish to the Issuer
and to the Trustee and any agent of the Issuer or the Trustee such security or indemnity as any of them may require to save each of them
harmless, and, in every case of destruction, loss or theft, the applicant shall also furnish to the Issuer and the Trustee and any agent
of the Issuer or the Trustee evidence to their satisfaction of the destruction, loss or theft of such Security and of the ownership thereof.








 


Every substitute Security of any series issued
pursuant to the provisions of this Section by virtue of the fact that any such Security is destroyed, lost or stolen shall constitute
an additional contractual obligation of the Issuer, whether or not the destroyed, lost or stolen Security shall be at any time enforceable
by anyone and shall be entitled to all the benefits of (but shall be subject to all the limitations of rights set forth in) this Indenture
equally and proportionately with any and all other Securities of such series duly authenticated and delivered hereunder. All Securities
shall be held and owned upon the express condition that, to the extent permitted by law, the foregoing provisions are exclusive with respect
to the replacement or payment or conversion of mutilated, defaced or destroyed, lost or stolen Securities and shall preclude any and all
other rights or remedies notwithstanding any law or statute existing or hereafter enacted to the contrary with respect to the replacement
or payment of negotiable instruments or other securities without their surrender.


 


Section 2.10 Cancellation of Securities;
Destruction Thereof. All Securities surrendered for exchange for Securities of the same series or for payment, redemption, registration
of transfer or conversion or for credit against any payment in respect of a sinking or analogous fund, if surrendered to the Issuer or
any agent of the Issuer or the Trustee, shall be delivered to the Trustee for cancellation or, if surrendered to the Trustee, shall be
cancelled by it; and no Securities shall be issued in lieu thereof except as expressly permitted by any of the provisions of this Indenture.
The Trustee shall dispose of cancelled Securities held by it and deliver a certificate of disposition to the Issuer. If the Issuer shall
acquire any of the Securities, such acquisition shall not operate as a redemption or satisfaction of the Debt represented by such Securities
unless and until the same are delivered to the Trustee for cancellation.


 


Section 2.11 Temporary Securities. Pending
the preparation of definitive Securities for any series, the Issuer may execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver temporary
Securities for such series (printed, lithographed, typewritten or otherwise reproduced, in each case in form satisfactory to the Trustee).
Temporary Securities of any series shall be issuable in any authorized denomination, and substantially in the form of the definitive Securities
of such series but with such omissions, insertions and variations as may be appropriate for temporary Securities, all as may be determined
by the Issuer with the concurrence of the Trustee as evidenced by the execution and authentication thereof. Temporary Securities may contain
such reference to any provisions of this Indenture as may be appropriate. Every temporary Security shall be executed by the Issuer and
be authenticated by the Trustee upon the same conditions and in substantially the same manner, and with like effect, as the definitive
Securities. Without unreasonable delay the Issuer shall execute and shall furnish definitive Securities of such series and thereupon temporary
Securities of such series may be surrendered in exchange therefor without charge at each office or agency to be maintained by the Issuer
for that purpose pursuant to Section 3.02 and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver in exchange for such temporary Securities
of such series an equal aggregate principal amount of definitive Securities of the same series having authorized denominations. Until
so exchanged, the temporary Securities of any series shall be entitled to the same benefits under this Indenture as definitive Securities
of such series, unless the benefits of the temporary Securities are limited pursuant to Section 2.03.


 


Section 2.12 CUSIP Numbers. The Issuer
in issuing the Securities may use “CUSIP” numbers if then generally in use and, if so, the Trustee may use “CUSIP”
numbers in notices of redemption as a convenience to Holders. Any such notice may state that no representation is made as to the correctness
of such numbers either as printed on the Securities or as contained in any notice of a redemption and that reliance may be placed only
on the other identification numbers printed on the Securities. No such redemption shall be affected by any defect in or omission of such
numbers.


 






    12


     


    




 


ARTICLE 3

COVENANTS OF THE ISSUER


 


Section 3.01 Payment of Principal and Interest.
The Issuer covenants and agrees for the benefit of each series of Securities that it will duly and punctually pay or cause to be paid
the principal of, and interest on, each of the Securities of such series (together with any additional amounts payable pursuant to the
terms of such Securities) at the place or places, at the respective times and in the manner provided in such Securities and in this Indenture.
The interest on Securities (together with any additional amounts payable pursuant to the terms of such Securities) shall be payable only
to or upon the written order of the Holders thereof and at the option of the Issuer may be paid by mailing checks for such interest payable
to or upon the written order of such Holders at their last addresses as they appear on the Security register of the Issuer.


 


Section 3.02 Offices for Payments, Etc.
The Issuer will maintain (i) in _________, an agency where the Securities of each series may be presented for payment, an agency
where the Securities of each series may be presented for exchange and conversion, if applicable, as provided in this Indenture and an
agency where the Securities of each series may be presented for registration of transfer as in this Indenture provided and (ii) such
further agencies in such places as may be determined for the Securities of such series pursuant to Section 2.03.


 


The Issuer will maintain in _________, an agency
where notices and demands to or upon the Issuer in respect of the Securities of any series or this Indenture may be served.


 


The Issuer will give to the Trustee written notice
of the location of each such agency and of any change of location thereof. In case the Issuer shall fail to maintain any agency required
by this Section to be located in _________, or shall fail to give such notice of the location or of any change in the location of
any of the above agencies, presentations and demands may be made and notices may be served at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee.


 


The Issuer may from time to time designate one
or more additional agencies where the Securities of a series may be presented for payment, where the Securities of that series may be
presented for exchange or conversion, if applicable, as provided in this Indenture and pursuant to Section 2.03 and where the Securities
of that series may be presented for registration of transfer as in this Indenture provided, and the Issuer may from time to time rescind
any such designation, as the Issuer may deem desirable or expedient; provided, however, that no such designation or rescission
shall in any manner relieve the Issuer of its obligation to maintain the agencies provided for in this Section. The Issuer will give to
the Trustee prompt written notice of any such designation or rescission thereof.


 


Section 3.03 Appointment to Fill a Vacancy
in Office of Trustee. The Issuer, whenever necessary to avoid or fill a vacancy in the office of Trustee, will appoint, in the manner
provided in Section 6.10, a Trustee, so that there shall at all times be a Trustee with respect to each series of Securities hereunder.


 


Section 3.04 Paying Agents. Whenever
the Issuer shall appoint a paying agent other than the Trustee with respect to the Securities of any series, it will cause such paying
agent to execute and deliver to the Trustee an instrument in which such agent shall agree with the Trustee, subject to the provisions
of this Section,


 


(a) that it will hold all sums received by it
as such agent for the payment of the principal of or interest on the Securities of such series (whether such sums have been paid to it
by the Issuer or by any other obligor on the Securities of such series) in trust for the benefit of the Holders of the Securities of such
series or of the Trustee,


 


(b) that it will give the Trustee notice of
any failure by the Issuer (or by any other obligor on the Securities of such series) to make any payment of the principal of or interest
on the Securities of such series when the same shall be due and payable, and


 






    13


     


    

 


(c) that at any time during the continuance
of any such failure, upon the written request of the Trustee, it will forthwith pay to the Trustee all sums so held in trust by such paying
agent.





 


The Issuer will, on or prior to each due date of
the principal of or interest on the Securities of such series, deposit with the paying agent a sum sufficient to pay such principal or
interest so becoming due, and (unless such paying agent is the Trustee) the Issuer will promptly notify the Trustee of any failure to
take such action.


 


If the Issuer shall act as its own paying agent
with respect to the Securities of any series, it will, on or before each due date of the principal of or interest on the Securities of
such series, set aside, segregate and hold in trust for the benefit of the Holders of the Securities of such series a sum sufficient to
pay such principal or interest so becoming due. The Issuer will promptly notify the Trustee of any failure to take such action.


 


Anything in this Section to the contrary notwithstanding,
but subject to Section 10.01, the Issuer may at any time, for the purpose of obtaining a satisfaction and discharge with respect
to one or more or all series of Securities hereunder, or for any other reason, pay or cause to be paid to the Trustee all sums held in
trust for any such series by the Issuer or any paying agent hereunder, as required by this Section, such sums to be held by the Trustee
upon the trusts herein contained.


 


Anything in this Section to the contrary notwithstanding,
the agreement to hold sums in trust as provided in this Section is subject to the provisions of Sections 10.03 and 10.04.


 


Section 3.05 Written Statement to Trustee.
So long as any Securities are Outstanding hereunder, the Issuer will deliver to the Trustee, within 120 days after the end of each
fiscal year of the Issuer ending after the date hereof, a written certificate covering the previous fiscal year, (which need not comply
with Section 11.05), signed by its principal executive officer, principal financial officer or principal accounting officer, stating
whether or not, to the best knowledge of such officer, the Issuer is in default in the performance and observance of any of the terms,
provisions and conditions of this Indenture (without regard to any period of grace or requirement of notice provided hereunder) and, if
the Issuer shall be in default, specifying all such defaults and the nature and status thereof of which they may have knowledge.


 


ARTICLE 4

SECURITYHOLDERS LISTS AND REPORTS BY THE ISSUER AND THE TRUSTEE


 


Section 4.01 Issuer to Furnish Trustee
Information as to Names and Addresses of Securityholders. The Issuer covenants and agrees that it will furnish or cause to be furnished
to the Trustee a list in such form as the Trustee may reasonably require of the names and addresses of the Holders of the Securities of
each series pursuant to Section 312 of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939:


 


(a) semiannually and not more than 15 days after
each record date for the payment of interest on such Securities, as hereinabove specified, as of such record date and on dates to be determined
pursuant to Section 2.03 for non-interest bearing Securities in each year, and


 


(b) at such other times as the Trustee may request
in writing, within 30 days after receipt by the Issuer of any such request as of a date not more than 15 days prior to the time such information
is furnished, provided, that, if and so long as the Trustee shall be the Security registrar (the “Security Registrar”)
for such series, such list shall not be required to be furnished.


 


Section 4.02 Reports by the Issuer. The
Issuer covenants to comply with Section 314(a) of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 insofar as it relates to information, documentation
and other reports which the Issuer may be required to file with the Commission pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of
the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.


 


Section 4.03 Reports by the Trustee. Any
Trustee’s report required under Section 313(a) of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 shall be transmitted on or before ______
in each year following the date hereof, so long as any Securities are Outstanding hereunder, and shall be dated as of a date convenient
to the Trustee but no more than 60 nor less than 45 days prior thereto. The Trustee shall comply with Sections 313(b), 313(c) and
313(d) of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939.


 






    14


     


    




 


Section 4.04 Preservation of Information;
Communication with Securityholders. (a) The Trustee shall preserve, in as current a form as is reasonably practicable, all information
as to the names and addresses of the Holders of Securities contained in the most recent list furnished to it as provided in Section 4.01
and as to the names and addresses of holders of Securities received by the Trustee in its capacity as Security Registrar (if acting in
such capacity).


 


(b) The Trustee may destroy any
list furnished to it as provided in Section 4.01 upon receipt of a new list so furnished.


 


(c) Securityholders may communicate
as provided in Section 312(b) of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 with other Securityholders with respect to their rights under
this Indenture or under the Securities. The Issuer, the Trustee, the Security Registrar and any other Person shall have the protection
of Section 312(c) of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939.


 


ARTICLE 5

REMEDIES OF THE TRUSTEE AND SECURITYHOLDERS ON EVENT OF DEFAULT


 


Section 5.01 Event of Default Defined;
Acceleration of Maturity; Waiver of Default. “Event of Default”, with respect to Securities of any series wherever
used herein, means any one of the following events which shall have occurred and be continuing (whatever the reason for such Event of
Default and whether it shall be voluntary or involuntary or be effected by operation of law or pursuant to any judgment, decree or order
of any court or any order, rule or regulation of any administrative or governmental body):


 


(a) default in the payment of any installment
of interest upon any of the Securities of such series as and when the same shall become due and payable, and continuance of such default
for a period of 30 days (or such other period as may be established for the Securities of such series as contemplated by Section 2.03);
or


 


(b) default in the payment of all or any part
of the principal on any of the Securities of such series as and when the same shall become due and payable either at maturity, upon redemption,
by declaration or otherwise (and, if established for the Securities of such series as contemplated by Section 2.03, the continuance
of such default for a specified period); or


 


(c) default in the performance, or breach, of
any covenant or agreement of the Issuer in respect of the Securities of such series (other than a covenant or agreement in respect of
the Securities of such series a default in the performance or breach of which is elsewhere in this Section specifically dealt with),
and continuance of such default or breach for a period of 90 days after there has been given, by registered or certified mail, to the
Issuer by the Trustee or to the Issuer and the Trustee by the Holders of at least 25% in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities
of such series, a written notice specifying such default or breach and requiring it to be remedied and stating that such notice is a “Notice
of Default” hereunder; or


 


(d) a court having jurisdiction in the premises
shall enter a decree or order for relief in respect of the Issuer in an involuntary case under any applicable bankruptcy, insolvency or
other similar law now or hereafter in effect, or appointing a receiver, liquidator, assignee, custodian, trustee or sequestrator (or similar
official) of the Issuer or for all or substantially all of its property and assets or ordering the winding up or liquidation of its affairs,
and such decree or order shall remain unstayed and in effect for a period of 90 consecutive days; or


 


(e) the Issuer shall commence a voluntary case
under any applicable bankruptcy, insolvency or other similar law now or hereafter in effect, or consent to the entry of an order for relief
in an involuntary case under any such law, or consent to the appointment of or taking possession by a receiver, liquidator, assignee,
custodian, trustee or sequestrator (or similar official) of the Issuer or for any substantial part of its property and assets, or make
any general assignment for the benefit of creditors; or


 






    15


     


    

 


(f) any other Event of Default provided for
in such series of Securities.


 





If an Event of Default described in clauses (a),
(b), (c) or (f) occurs and is continuing, then, and in each and every such case, unless the principal of all of the Securities
of such series shall have already become due and payable, either the Trustee or the Holders of not less than 25% in aggregate principal
amount of the Securities of such series then Outstanding hereunder (each such series voting as a separate class) by notice in writing
to the Issuer (and also to the Trustee if given by Securityholders), may declare the entire principal (or, if the Securities of such series
are Original Issue Discount Securities, such portion of the principal amount as may be specified in the terms of such series) of all Securities
of such series and the interest accrued thereon, if any, to be due and payable immediately, and upon any such declaration the same shall
become immediately due and payable. If an Event of Default described in clauses (d) or (e) occurs and is continuing, then and
in each and every such case, the entire principal (or, if any Securities are Original Issue Discount Securities, such portion of the principal
as may be specified in the terms thereof) of all the Securities then Outstanding and interest accrued thereon, if any, shall automatically
become immediately due and payable.


 


The foregoing provisions, however, are subject
to the condition that if, at any time after the principal of the Securities of any series shall have been so declared due and payable,
and before any judgment or decree for the payment of the moneys due shall have been obtained or entered as hereinafter provided, the Issuer
shall pay or shall deposit with the Trustee a sum sufficient to pay all matured installments of interest upon all the Securities of such
series and the principal of any and all Securities of such series which shall have become due otherwise than by acceleration (with interest
upon such principal and, to the extent that payment of such interest is enforceable under applicable law, on overdue installments of interest,
at the same rate as the rate of interest specified in the Securities of such series to the date of such payment or deposit) and such amount
as shall be sufficient to cover reasonable compensation to the Trustee, its agents, attorneys and counsel, and all other expenses and
liabilities incurred, and all advances made, by the Trustee except as a result of negligence or bad faith, and if any and all Events of
Default under the Indenture with respect to such series, other than the non-payment of the principal of Securities of such series which
shall have become due solely by such acceleration, shall have been cured, waived or otherwise remedied as provided herein, then and in
every such case the Holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of all the Securities of such series then Outstanding, by written
notice to the Issuer and to the Trustee, may waive all defaults with respect to such series and rescind and annul such declaration and
its consequences, but no such waiver or rescission and annulment shall extend to or shall affect any subsequent default or shall impair
any right consequent thereon.


 


Unless otherwise indicated in the Board Resolution,
Officer’s Certificate or supplemental indenture for a series of Original Issue Discount Securities, for all purposes under this
Indenture, if a portion of the principal of any Original Issue Discount Securities shall have been accelerated and declared due and payable
pursuant to the provisions hereof, then, from and after such declaration, unless such declaration has been rescinded and annulled, the
principal amount of such Original Issue Discount Securities shall be deemed, for all purposes hereunder, to be such portion of the principal
thereof as shall be due and payable as a result of such acceleration, and payment of such portion of the principal thereof as shall be
due and payable as a result of such acceleration, together with interest, if any, thereon and all other amounts owing thereunder, shall
constitute payment in full of such Original Issue Discount Securities.


 


Section 5.02 Collection of Debt by Trustee;
Trustee May Prove Debt. The Issuer covenants that (a) in case default shall be made in the payment of any installment of
interest on any of the Securities of any series when such interest shall have become due and payable, and such default shall have continued
for a period of 30 days or (b) in case default shall be made in the payment of all or any part of the principal of any of the Securities
of any series when the same shall have become due and payable, whether upon maturity of the Securities of such series or upon any redemption
or by declaration or otherwise, then, upon demand of the Trustee, the Issuer will pay to the Trustee for the benefit of the Holders of
the Securities of such series the whole amount that then shall have become due and payable on all Securities of such series for principal
or interest, as the case may be (with interest to the date of such payment upon the overdue principal and, to the extent that payment
of such interest is enforceable under applicable law, on overdue installments of interest at the same rate as the rate of interest or
Yield to Maturity (in the case of Original Issue Discount Securities) specified in the Securities of such series); and, in addition thereto,
such further amount as shall be sufficient to cover the costs and expenses of collection, including reasonable compensation to the Trustee
and each predecessor trustee, their respective agents, attorneys and counsel, and any expenses and liabilities incurred, and all advances
made, by the Trustee and each predecessor trustee except as a result of its negligence or bad faith.


 






    16


     


    




 


In case the Issuer shall fail forthwith to pay
such amounts upon such demand, the Trustee, in its own name and as trustee of an express trust, shall be entitled and empowered to institute
any action or proceedings at law or in equity for the collection of the sums so due and unpaid, and may prosecute any such action or proceedings
to judgment or final decree, and may enforce any such judgment or final decree against the Issuer or other obligor upon such Securities
and collect in the manner provided by law out of the property of the Issuer or other obligor upon such Securities, wherever situated,
the moneys adjudged or decreed to be payable.


 


In case there shall be pending proceedings relative
to the Issuer or any other obligor upon the Securities under Title 11 of the United States Code or any other applicable Federal or state
bankruptcy, insolvency or other similar law, or in case a receiver, assignee or trustee in bankruptcy or reorganization, liquidator, sequestrator
or similar official shall have been appointed for or taken possession of the Issuer or its property or such other obligor or its property,
or in case of any other comparable judicial proceedings relative to the Issuer or other obligor upon the Securities of any series, or
to the creditors or property of the Issuer or such other obligor, the Trustee, irrespective of whether the principal of any Securities
shall then be due and payable as therein expressed or by declaration or otherwise and irrespective of whether the Trustee shall have made
any demand pursuant to the provisions of this Section, shall be entitled and empowered, by intervention in such proceedings or otherwise:


 


(i) to file and prove a claim or claims
for the whole amount of principal and interest (or, if the Securities of any series are Original Issue Discount Securities, such portion
of the principal amount as may be specified in the terms of such series) owing and unpaid in respect of the Securities of any series,
and to file such other papers or documents as may be necessary or advisable in order to have the claims of the Trustee (including any
claim for reasonable compensation to the Trustee and each predecessor trustee, and their respective agents, attorneys and counsel, and
for reimbursement of all expenses and liabilities incurred, and all advances made, by the Trustee and each predecessor trustee, except
as a result of negligence or bad faith) and of the Securityholders allowed in any judicial proceedings relative to the Issuer or other
obligor upon the Securities of any series, or to the creditors or property of the Issuer or such other obligor,


 


(ii) unless prohibited by applicable
law and regulations, to vote on behalf of the Holders of the Securities of any series in any election of a trustee or a standby trustee
in arrangement, reorganization, liquidation or other bankruptcy or insolvency proceedings or person performing similar functions in comparable
proceedings, and


 


(iii) to collect and receive any moneys
or other property payable or deliverable on any such claims, and to distribute all amounts received with respect to the claims of the
Securityholders and of the Trustee on their behalf; and any trustee, receiver or liquidator, custodian or other similar official is hereby
authorized by each of the Securityholders to make payments to the Trustee, and, in the event that the Trustee shall consent to the making
of payments directly to the Securityholders, to pay to the Trustee such amounts as shall be sufficient to cover reasonable compensation
to the Trustee, each predecessor trustee and their respective agents, attorneys and counsel, and all other expenses and liabilities incurred,
and all advances made, by the Trustee and each predecessor trustee except as a result of negligence or bad faith and all other amounts
due to the Trustee or any predecessor trustee pursuant to Section 6.06.


 


Nothing herein contained shall be deemed to authorize
the Trustee to authorize or consent to or vote for or accept or adopt on behalf of any Securityholder any plan of reorganization, arrangement,
adjustment or composition affecting the Securities of any series or the rights of any Holder thereof, or to authorize the Trustee to vote
in respect of the claim of any Securityholder in any such proceeding except, as aforesaid, to vote for the election of a trustee in bankruptcy
or similar person.


 


All rights of action and of asserting claims under
this Indenture, or under any of the Securities of any series, may be enforced by the Trustee without the possession of any of the Securities
of such series or the production thereof on any trial or other proceedings relative thereto, and any such action or proceedings instituted
by the Trustee shall be brought in its own name as trustee of an express trust, and any recovery of judgment, subject to the payment of
the expenses, disbursements and compensation of the Trustee, each predecessor trustee and their respective agents and attorneys, shall
be for the ratable benefit of the Holders of the Securities in respect of which such action was taken.


 






    17


     


    




 


In any proceedings brought by the Trustee (and
also any proceedings involving the interpretation of any provision of this Indenture to which the Trustee shall be a party), the Trustee
shall be held to represent all the Holders of the Securities in respect to which such action was taken, and it shall not be necessary
to make any Holders of such Securities parties to any such proceedings.


 


Section 5.03 Application of Proceeds. Any
moneys collected by the Trustee pursuant to this Article in respect of any series shall be applied in the following order at the
date or dates fixed by the Trustee and, in case of the distribution of such moneys on account of principal or interest, upon presentation
of the several Securities in respect of which monies have been collected and stamping (or otherwise noting) thereon the payment, or issuing
Securities of such series in reduced principal amounts in exchange for the presented Securities of like series if only partially paid,
or upon surrender thereof if fully paid:


 


FIRST: To the payment of all amounts due to the Trustee
or any predecessor trustee pursuant to Section 6.06;


 


SECOND: In case the principal of the Securities of
such series in respect of which moneys have been collected shall not have become and be then due and payable, to the payment of interest
on the Securities of such series in default in the order of the maturity of the installments of such interest, with interest (to the extent
that such interest has been collected by the Trustee) upon the overdue installments of interest, to the extent permitted by applicable
law, at the same rate as the rate of interest or Yield to Maturity (in the case of Original Issue Discount Securities) specified in such
Securities, such payments to be made ratably to the Persons entitled thereto, without discrimination or preference;


 


THIRD: In case the principal of the Securities of
such series in respect of which moneys have been collected shall have become and shall be then due and payable, to the payment of the
whole amount then owing and unpaid upon all the Securities of such series for principal and interest, with interest upon the overdue principal,
and (to the extent that such interest has been collected by the Trustee) upon overdue installments of interest, to the extent permitted
by applicable law, at the same rate as the rate of interest or Yield to Maturity (in the case of Original Issue Discount Securities) specified
in the Securities of such series; and in case such moneys shall be insufficient to pay in full the whole amount so due and unpaid upon
the Securities of such series, then to the payment of such principal and interest, without preference or priority of principal over interest,
or of interest over principal, or of any installment of interest over any other installment of interest, or of any Security of such series
over any other Security of such series, ratably to the aggregate of such principal and accrued and unpaid interest; and


 


FOURTH: To the payment of the remainder, if any,
to the Issuer or any other Person lawfully entitled thereto.


 


Section 5.04 Suits for Enforcement.
In case an Event of Default has occurred, has not been waived and is continuing, the Trustee may in its discretion proceed to protect
and enforce the rights vested in it by this Indenture by such appropriate judicial proceedings as the Trustee shall deem most effectual
to protect and enforce any such rights, either at law or in equity or in bankruptcy or otherwise, whether for the specific enforcement
of any covenant or agreement contained in this Indenture or in aid of the exercise of any power granted in this Indenture or to enforce
any other legal or equitable right vested in the Trustee by this Indenture or by law.


 


Section 5.05 Restoration of Rights on Abandonment
of Proceedings. In case the Trustee shall have proceeded to enforce any right under this Indenture and such proceedings shall have
been discontinued or abandoned for any reason, or shall have been determined adversely to the Trustee, then and in every such case (subject
to any determination in such proceeding) the Issuer and the Trustee shall be restored respectively to their former positions and rights
hereunder, and all rights, remedies and powers of the Issuer, the Trustee and the Securityholders shall continue as though no such proceedings
had been taken.


 






    18


     


    

 


Section 5.06 Limitations on Suits by Securityholders.
No Holder of any Security of any series shall have any right by virtue, or by availing itself, of any provision of this Indenture to institute
any action or proceeding at law or in equity or in bankruptcy or otherwise upon or under or with respect to this Indenture, or for the
appointment of a trustee, receiver, liquidator, custodian or other similar official or for any other remedy hereunder, unless such Holder
previously shall have given to the Trustee written notice of default and of the continuance thereof, as hereinbefore provided, and unless
also the Holders of not less than 25% in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of such series then Outstanding shall have made
written request upon the Trustee to institute such action or proceedings in its own name as trustee hereunder and shall have offered to
the Trustee such reasonable indemnity as it may require against the costs, expenses and liabilities to be incurred therein or thereby
and the Trustee for 60 days after its receipt of such notice, request and offer of indemnity shall have failed to institute any such action
or proceeding and no direction inconsistent with such written request shall have been given to the Trustee pursuant to Section 5.09;
it being understood and intended, and being expressly covenanted by the Holder of every Security of a particular series with every other
Holder of Securities of such series and the Trustee, that no one or more Holders of Securities of any series shall have any right in any
manner whatever by virtue or by availing of any provision of this Indenture to affect, disturb or prejudice the rights of any other such
Holder of Securities of such series, or to obtain or seek to obtain priority over or preference to any other such Holder of such series
or to enforce any right under this Indenture, except in the manner herein provided and for the equal, ratable and common benefit of all
Holders of Securities of the applicable series. For the protection and enforcement of the provisions of this Section, each and every Securityholder
and the Trustee shall be entitled to such relief as can be given either at law or in equity.





 


Section 5.07 Unconditional Right of Securityholders
to Institute Certain Suits. Notwithstanding any other provision in this Indenture and any provision of any Security, the right of
any Holder of any Security to receive payment of the principal of and interest on such Security on or after the respective due dates expressed
in such Security in accordance with the terms hereof and thereof, or to institute suit for the enforcement of any such payment on or after
such respective dates, shall not be impaired or affected without the consent of such Holder; it being understood and intended, and being
expressly covenanted by the Holder of every Security of a particular series with every other Holder of Securities of such Series and
the Trustee, that no one or more Holders of Securities of any series shall have any right in any manner whatever by virtue or by availing
of any provision of this Indenture to affect, disturb or prejudice the rights of any other such Holder of Securities of such series, or
to obtain or seek to obtain priority over or preference to any other such Holder of Securities of such series or to enforce any right
under this Indenture, except in the manner herein provided and for the equal, ratable and common benefit of all Holders of Securities
of the applicable series. For the protection and enforcement of the provisions of this Section, each and every Securityholder and the
Trustee shall be entitled to such relief as can be given either at law or in equity.


 


Section 5.08 Powers and Remedies Cumulative;
Delay or Omission Not Waiver of Default. Except as provided in Section 5.06, no right or remedy herein conferred upon or reserved
to the Trustee or to the Holders of Securities is intended to be exclusive of any other right or remedy, and every right and remedy shall,
to the extent permitted by law, be cumulative and in addition to every other right and remedy given hereunder or now or hereafter existing
at law or in equity or otherwise. The assertion or employment of any right or remedy hereunder, or otherwise, shall not prevent the concurrent
assertion or employment of any other appropriate right or remedy.


 


No delay or omission of the Trustee or of any Holder
of Securities to exercise any right or power accruing upon any Event of Default occurring and continuing as aforesaid shall impair any
such right or power or shall be construed to be a waiver of any such Event of Default or an acquiescence therein; and, subject to Section 5.06,
every power and remedy given by this Indenture or by law to the Trustee or to the Holders of Securities may be exercised from time to
time, and as often as shall be deemed expedient, by the Trustee or by the Holders of Securities.


 


Section 5.09 Control by Holders of Securities.
The Holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of each series affected (with each series voting as a separate
class) at the time Outstanding shall have the right to direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available
to the Trustee, or exercising any trust or power conferred on the Trustee with respect to the Securities of such series by this Indenture;
provided, that such direction shall not be otherwise than in accordance with law and the provisions of this Indenture and provided,
further, that (subject to the provisions of Section 6.01) the Trustee shall have the right to decline to follow any such direction
if the Trustee, being advised by counsel, shall determine that the action or proceeding so directed may not lawfully be taken or if the
Trustee in good faith by its board of directors, the executive committee, or a trust committee of directors or Responsible Officers of
the Trustee shall determine that the action or proceedings so directed would involve the Trustee in personal liability or if the Trustee
in good faith shall so determine that the actions or forbearances specified in or pursuant to such direction would be unduly prejudicial
to the interests of Holders of the Securities of all series so affected not joining in the giving of said direction, it being understood
that (subject to Section 6.01) the Trustee shall have no duty to ascertain whether or not such actions or forbearances are unduly
prejudicial to such Holders.


 






    19


     


    




 


Nothing in this Indenture shall impair the right
of the Trustee in its discretion to take any action deemed proper by the Trustee and which is not inconsistent with such direction or
directions by Securityholders.


 


Section 5.10 Waiver of Past Defaults.
The Holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of any series at the time Outstanding, by notice to the Trustee,
may on behalf of the Holders of all the Securities of such series waive any existing default in the performance of any of the covenants
contained herein or established pursuant to Section 2.03 with respect to such series and its consequences, except an uncured default
in the payment of the principal of, or interest on, any of the Securities of that series as and when the same shall become due by the
terms of such Securities; and may rescind an acceleration and its consequences, including any related payment default that resulted from
such acceleration. In the case of any such waiver, the Issuer, the Trustee and the Holders of the Securities of such series shall be restored
to their former positions and rights hereunder, respectively, such default shall cease to exist and be deemed to have been cured and not
to have occurred, and any Event of Default arising therefrom shall be deemed to have been cured, and not to have occurred for every purpose
of this Indenture; but no such waiver shall extend to any subsequent or other default or Event of Default or impair any right consequent
thereon.


 


Section 5.11 Trustee to Give Notice of
Default. The Trustee shall, within 90 days after the occurrence of a default with respect to the Securities of any series, give notice
of all defaults with respect to that series known to the Trustee to all Holders of Securities of such series in the manner and to the
extent provided in Sections 4.03 and 11.04, unless in each case such defaults shall have been cured before the giving of such notice (the
term “defaults” for the purpose of this Section being hereby defined to mean any event or condition which is,
or with notice or lapse of time or both would become, an Event of Default); provided, that, except in the case of default in the
payment of the principal of or interest on any of the Securities of such series, or in the payment of any sinking fund installment on
such series, the Trustee shall be protected in withholding such notice if and so long as the board of directors, the executive committee,
or a trust committee of directors or trustees and/or Responsible Officers of the Trustee in good faith determines that the withholding
of such notice is in the interests of the Securityholders of such series.


 


Section 5.12 Right of Court to Require
Filing of Undertaking to Pay Costs. All parties to this Indenture agree, and each Holder of any Security by his or her acceptance
thereof shall be deemed to have agreed, that any court may in its discretion require, in any suit for the enforcement of any right or
remedy under this Indenture or in any suit against the Trustee for any action taken, suffered or omitted by it as Trustee, the filing
by any party litigant in such suit of an undertaking to pay the costs of such suit, and that such court may in its discretion assess reasonable
costs, including reasonable attorneys’ fees, against any party litigant in such suit, having due regard to the merits and good faith
of the claims or defenses made by such party litigant; but the provisions of this Section shall not apply to any suit instituted
by the Trustee, to any suit instituted by any Securityholder or group of Securityholders of any series holding in the aggregate more than
10% in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of such series, or to any suit instituted by any Securityholder for the enforcement
of the payment of the principal of or interest on any Security of such series, on or after the respective due dates expressed in such
Security or established pursuant to this Indenture.


 


ARTICLE 6

CONCERNING THE TRUSTEE


 


Section 6.01 Duties and Responsibilities
of the Trustee; During Default; Prior to Default. With respect to the Holders of any series of Securities issued hereunder, the Trustee,
prior to the occurrence of an Event of Default with respect to the Securities of a particular series and after the curing or waiving of
all Events of Default which may have occurred with respect to such series, undertakes to perform such duties and only such duties as are
specifically set forth in this Indenture. In case an Event of Default with respect to the Securities of a series has occurred (and has
not been cured or waived), the Trustee shall exercise such of the rights and powers vested in it by this Indenture, and use the same degree
of care and skill in their exercise, as a prudent person would exercise or use under the circumstances in the conduct of his or her own
affairs.


 






    20


     


    




 


No provision of this Indenture shall be construed
to relieve the Trustee from liability for its own negligent action, its own negligent failure to act or its own willful misconduct.


 


Section 6.02 Certain Rights of the Trustee.
In furtherance of and subject to the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 and subject to Section 6.01:


 


(a) in the absence of bad faith on the part
of the Trustee, the Trustee may conclusively rely, as to the truth of the statements and the correctness of the opinions expressed therein,
upon any statements, certificates or opinions furnished to the Trustee and conforming to the requirements of this Indenture; but, in the
case of any such statements, certificates or opinions which by any provision hereof are specifically required to be furnished to the Trustee,
the Trustee shall be under a duty to examine the same to determine whether or not they conform to the requirements of this Indenture;


 


(b) the Trustee shall not be liable for any
error of judgment made in good faith by a Responsible Officer or Responsible Officers of the Trustee, unless it shall be proved that the
Trustee was negligent in ascertaining the pertinent facts;


 


(c) the Trustee shall not be liable with respect
to any action taken or omitted to be taken by it in good faith in accordance with the direction of the Holders pursuant to Section 5.09
relating to the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee, or exercising any trust or
power conferred upon the Trustee, under this Indenture;


 


(d) none of the provisions contained in this
Indenture shall require the Trustee to expend or risk its own funds or otherwise incur personal financial liability in the performance
of any of its duties or in the exercise of any of its rights or powers if there shall be reasonable ground for believing that the repayment
of such funds or adequate indemnity against such liability is not reasonably assured to it;


 


(e) the Trustee may rely and shall be protected
in acting or refraining from acting upon any resolution, Officer’s Certificate or any other certificate, statement, instrument,
opinion, report, notice, request, consent, order, bond, debenture, note, security or other paper or document believed by it to be genuine
and to have been signed or presented by the proper party or parties;


 


(f) any request, direction, order or demand
of the Issuer mentioned herein shall be sufficiently evidenced by an Officer’s Certificate (unless other evidence in respect thereof
be herein specifically prescribed); and any resolution of the Board of Directors may be evidenced to the Trustee by a copy thereof certified
by the secretary or an assistant secretary of the Issuer;


 


(g) the Trustee may consult with counsel and
any advice or Opinion of Counsel shall be full and complete authorization and protection in respect of any action taken, suffered or omitted
to be taken by it hereunder in good faith and in accordance with such advice or Opinion of Counsel;


 


(h) the Trustee shall be under no obligation
to exercise any of the trusts or powers vested in it by this Indenture at the request, order or direction of any of the Securityholders
pursuant to the provisions of this Indenture, unless such Securityholders shall have offered to the Trustee reasonable security or indemnity
against the costs, expenses and liabilities that might be incurred therein or thereby;


 


(i) the Trustee shall not be liable for any
action taken or omitted by it in good faith and believed by it to be authorized or within the discretion, rights or powers conferred upon
it by this Indenture;


 






    21


     


    

 


(j) prior to the occurrence of an Event of Default
hereunder and after the curing or waiving of all Events of Default, the Trustee shall not be bound to make any investigation into the
facts or matters stated in any resolution, certificate, statement, instrument, opinion, report, notice, request, consent, order, approval,
appraisal, bond, debenture, note, security, or other paper or document unless requested in writing so to do by the Holders of not less
than a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of all series affected then Outstanding; provided, that, if the
payment within a reasonable time to the Trustee of the costs, expenses or liabilities likely to be incurred by it in the making of such
investigation is, in the opinion of the Trustee, not reasonably assured to the Trustee by the security afforded to it by the terms of
this Indenture, the Trustee may require reasonable indemnity against such expenses or liabilities as a condition to proceeding; the reasonable
expenses of every such investigation shall be paid by the Issuer or, if paid by the Trustee or any predecessor trustee, shall be repaid
by the Issuer upon demand; and





 


(k) the Trustee may execute any of the trusts
or powers hereunder or perform any duties hereunder either directly or by or through agents or attorneys not regularly in its employ and
the Trustee shall not be responsible for any misconduct or negligence on the part of any such agent or attorney appointed with due care
by it hereunder.


 


Section 6.03 Trustee Not Responsible for
Recitals, Disposition of Securities or Application of Proceeds Thereof. The recitals contained herein and in the Securities, except
the Trustee’s certificates of authentication, shall be taken as the statements of the Issuer, and the Trustee assumes no responsibility
for the correctness of the same. The Trustee makes no representation as to the validity or sufficiency of this Indenture or of the Securities.
The Trustee shall not be accountable for the use or application by the Issuer of any of the Securities or of the proceeds thereof.


 


Section 6.04 Trustee and Agents May Hold
Securities; Collections, Etc. The Trustee or any agent of the Issuer or the Trustee, in its individual or any other capacity, may
become the owner or pledgee of Securities with the same rights it would have if it were not the Trustee or such agent and may otherwise
deal with the Issuer and receive, collect, hold and retain collections from the Issuer with the same rights it would have if it were not
the Trustee or such agent.


 


Section 6.05 Moneys Held by Trustee. Subject
to the provisions of Section 10.04 hereof, all moneys received by the Trustee shall, until used or applied as herein provided, be
held in trust for the purposes for which they were received, but need not be segregated from other funds except to the extent required
by mandatory provisions of law. Neither the Trustee nor any agent of the Issuer or the Trustee shall be under any liability for interest
on any moneys received by it hereunder.


 


Section 6.06 Compensation and Indemnification
of Trustee and Its Prior Claim. The Issuer covenants and agrees to pay to the Trustee from time to time, and the Trustee shall be
entitled to, such reasonable compensation (which shall not be limited by any provision of law in regard to the compensation of a trustee
of an express trust) as the Issuer and the Trustee may from time to time agree in writing and, except as otherwise expressly provided
herein, the Issuer covenants and agrees to pay or reimburse the Trustee and each predecessor trustee upon its request for all reasonable
expenses, disbursements and advances incurred or made by or on behalf of it in accordance with any of the provisions of this Indenture
(including the reasonable compensation and the expenses and disbursements of its counsel and of all agents and other persons not regularly
in its employ) except any such expense, disbursement or advance as may arise from its negligence or bad faith. The Issuer also covenants
to indemnify the Trustee and each predecessor trustee for, and to hold it harmless against, any loss, liability or expense incurred without
negligence or bad faith on its part, arising out of or in connection with the acceptance or administration of this Indenture or the trusts
hereunder and its duties hereunder, including the costs and expenses of defending itself against or investigating any claim of liability
in the premises. The obligations of the Issuer under this Section to compensate and indemnify the Trustee and each predecessor trustee
and to pay or reimburse the Trustee and each predecessor trustee for expenses, disbursements and advances shall constitute additional
indebtedness hereunder and shall survive the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture. Such additional indebtedness shall be a senior
claim to that of the Securities upon all property and funds held or collected by the Trustee as such, except funds held in trust for the
benefit of the Holders of particular Securities, and the Securities are hereby subordinated to such senior claim.


 


Section 6.07 Right of Trustee to Rely on
Officer’s Certificate, Etc. Subject to Sections 6.01 and 6.02, whenever in the administration of the trusts of this Indenture
the Trustee shall deem it necessary or desirable that a matter be proved or established prior to taking or suffering or omitting any action
hereunder, such matter (unless other evidence in respect thereof be herein specifically prescribed) may, in the absence of negligence
or bad faith on the part of the Trustee, be deemed to be conclusively proved and established by an Officer’s Certificate delivered
to the Trustee, and such certificate, in the absence of negligence or bad faith on the part of the Trustee, shall be full warrant to the
Trustee for any action taken, suffered or omitted by it under the provisions of this Indenture upon the faith thereof.


 






    22


     


    




 


Section 6.08 Disqualification; Conflicting
Interests. If the Trustee has or shall acquire any “conflicting interest” within the meaning of Section 310(b) of
the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, the Trustee and the Issuer shall in all respects comply with the provisions of Section 310(b) of
the Trust Indenture Act of 1939.


 


Section 6.09 Persons Eligible for Appointment
as Trustee. The Trustee for each series of Securities hereunder shall at all times be a corporation having a combined capital and
surplus of at least $50,000,000 and shall be eligible in accordance with the provisions of Section 310(a) of the Trust Indenture
Act of 1939. If such corporation publishes reports of condition at least annually, pursuant to law or to the requirements of a Federal,
State or District of Columbia supervising or examining authority, then, for the purposes of this Section, the combined capital and surplus
of such corporation shall be deemed to be its combined capital and surplus as set forth in its most recent report of condition so published.


 


Section 6.10 Resignation and Removal; Appointment
of Successor Trustee.


 


(a) The Trustee, or any trustee or trustees
hereafter appointed, may at any time resign with respect to one or more or all series of Securities by giving written notice of resignation
to the Issuer and by delivering notice of such resignation to the Holders of then Outstanding Securities of each series affected at their
addresses as they shall appear on the Security register. Upon receiving such notice of resignation, the Issuer shall promptly appoint
a successor trustee or trustees with respect to the applicable series by written instrument in duplicate, executed by authority of the
Board of Directors, one copy of which instrument shall be delivered to the resigning Trustee and one copy to the successor trustee or
trustees. If no successor trustee shall have been so appointed with respect to any series and have accepted appointment within 30 days
after the delivery of such notice of resignation, the resigning trustee may petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment
of a successor trustee, or any Securityholder who has been a bona fide Holder of a Security or Securities of the applicable series for
at least six months may, on behalf of himself or herself and all others similarly situated, petition any such court for the appointment
of a successor trustee. Such court may thereupon, after such notice, if any, as it may deem proper and prescribe, appoint a successor
trustee.


 


(b) In case at any time any of the following
shall occur:


 


(i) the Trustee shall fail to comply
with the provisions of Section 310(b) of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 with respect to any series of Securities after written
request therefor by the Issuer or by any Securityholder who has been a bona fide Holder of a Security or Securities of such series for
at least six months; or


 


(ii) the Trustee shall cease to be
eligible in accordance with the provisions of Section 310(a) of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 and shall fail to resign after
written request therefor by the Issuer or by any Securityholder; or


 


(iii) the Trustee shall become incapable
of acting with respect to any series of Securities, or shall be adjudged bankrupt or insolvent, or a receiver or liquidator of the Trustee
or of its property shall be appointed, or any public officer shall take charge or control of the Trustee or of its property or affairs
for the purpose of rehabilitation, conservation or liquidation;


 


then, in any such case, (A) the Issuer may remove the Trustee
with respect to the applicable series of Securities and appoint a successor trustee for such series by written instrument, in duplicate,
executed by order of the Board of Directors, one copy of which instrument shall be delivered to the Trustee so removed and one copy to
the successor trustee, or, (B) subject to Section 315(e) of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, any Securityholder who has
been a bona fide Holder of a Security or Securities of such series for at least six months may on behalf of itself and all others similarly
situated, petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the removal of the Trustee and the appointment of a successor trustee with
respect to such series. Such court may thereupon, after such notice, if any, as it may deem proper and prescribe, remove the Trustee and
appoint a successor trustee.


 






    23


     


    




 


(c) The Holders of a majority in aggregate principal
amount of the Securities of each series at the time Outstanding may at any time remove the Trustee with respect to Securities of such
series and, with the consent of the Issuer, appoint a successor trustee with respect to the Securities of such series by delivering to
the Trustee so removed, to the successor trustee so appointed and to the Issuer the evidence provided for in Section 7.01 of the
action in that regard taken by the Securityholders.


 


(d) Any resignation or removal of the Trustee
with respect to any series and any appointment of a successor trustee with respect to such series pursuant to any of the provisions of
this Section 6.10 shall become effective upon acceptance of appointment by the successor trustee as provided in Section 6.11.


 


Section 6.11 Acceptance of Appointment
by Successor Trustee. Any successor trustee appointed as provided in Section 6.10 shall execute and deliver to the Issuer and
to its predecessor trustee an instrument accepting such appointment hereunder, and thereupon the resignation or removal of the predecessor
trustee with respect to all or any applicable series shall become effective and such successor trustee, without any further act, deed
or conveyance, shall become vested with all rights, powers, duties and obligations with respect to such series of its predecessor hereunder,
with like effect as if originally named as trustee for such series hereunder; but, nevertheless, on the written request of the Issuer
or of the successor trustee, upon payment of its charges then unpaid, the trustee ceasing to act shall, subject to Section 10.04,
pay over to the successor trustee all moneys at the time held by it hereunder and shall execute and deliver an instrument transferring
to such successor trustee all such rights, powers, duties and obligations. Upon request of any such successor trustee, the Issuer shall
execute any and all instruments in writing for more fully and certainly vesting in and confirming to such successor trustee all such rights
and powers. Any trustee ceasing to act shall, nevertheless, retain a prior claim upon all property or funds held or collected by such
trustee to secure any amounts then due it pursuant to the provisions of Section 6.06.


 


If a successor trustee is appointed with respect
to the Securities of one or more (but not all) series, the Issuer, the predecessor trustee and each successor trustee with respect to
the Securities of any applicable series shall execute and deliver an indenture supplemental hereto which shall contain such provisions
as shall be deemed necessary or desirable to confirm that all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the predecessor trustee with respect
to the Securities of any series as to which the predecessor trustee is not retiring shall continue to be vested in the predecessor trustee,
and shall add to or change any of the provisions of this Indenture as shall be necessary to provide for or facilitate the administration
of the trusts hereunder by more than one trustee, it being understood that nothing herein or in such supplemental indenture shall constitute
such trustees co-trustees of the same trust and that each such trustee shall be trustee of a trust or trusts under separate indentures.


 


No successor trustee with respect to any series
of Securities shall accept appointment as provided in this Section 6.11 unless at the time of such acceptance such successor trustee
shall be qualified under the provisions of Section 310(b) of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 and eligible under the provisions
of Section 310(a) of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939.


 


Upon acceptance of appointment by any successor
trustee as provided in this Section 6.11, the Issuer shall deliver notice thereof to the Holders of Securities of each series affected,
by delivering such notice to such Holders at their addresses as they shall appear on the Security register. If the acceptance of appointment
is substantially contemporaneous with the resignation, then the notice called for by the preceding sentence may be combined with the notice
called for by Section 6.10. If the Issuer fails to deliver such notice within ten days after acceptance of appointment by the successor
trustee, the successor trustee shall cause such notice to be given at the expense of the Issuer.


 


Section 6.12 Merger, Conversion, Consolidation
or Succession to Business of Trustee. Any corporation into which the Trustee may be merged or converted or with which it may be consolidated,
or any corporation resulting from any merger, conversion or consolidation to which the Trustee shall be a party, or any corporation succeeding
to the corporate trust business of the Trustee, shall be the successor of the Trustee hereunder; provided, that such corporation
shall be qualified under the provisions of Section 310(b) of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 and eligible under the provisions
of Section 310(a) of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, without the execution or filing of any paper or any further act on the
part of any of the parties hereto, anything herein to the contrary notwithstanding.


 






    24


     


    




 


In case, at the time such successor to the Trustee
shall succeed to the trusts created by this Indenture, any of the Securities of any series shall have been authenticated but not delivered,
any such successor to the Trustee may adopt the certificate of authentication of any predecessor trustee and deliver such Securities so
authenticated; and, in case at that time any of the Securities of any series shall not have been authenticated, any successor to the Trustee
may authenticate such Securities either in the name of any predecessor hereunder or in the name of the successor trustee; and in all such
cases such certificate shall have the full force which it is anywhere in the Securities of such series or in this Indenture provided that
the certificate of the Trustee shall have; provided, that the right to adopt the certificate of authentication of any predecessor
trustee or to authenticate Securities of any series in the name of any predecessor trustee shall apply only to its successor or successors
by merger, conversion or consolidation.


 


Section 6.13 Preferential Collection of
Claims Against the Issuer. The Trustee shall comply with Section 311(a) of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, excluding any
creditor relationship described in Section 311(b) of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939. A Trustee who has resigned or been removed
shall be subject to Section 311(a) of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 to the extent included therein.


 


ARTICLE 7

CONCERNING THE SECURITYHOLDERS


 


Section 7.01 Evidence of Action Taken by
Securityholders. Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action provided by this Indenture
to be given or taken by a specified percentage in principal amount of the Securityholders of any or all series may be embodied in and
evidenced by one or more instruments of substantially similar tenor signed by such specified percentage of Securityholders in person or
by agent duly appointed in writing; and, except as herein otherwise expressly provided, such action shall become effective when such instrument
or instruments are delivered to the Trustee. Proof of execution of any instrument or of a writing appointing any such agent shall be sufficient
for any purpose of this Indenture and (subject to Sections 6.01 and 6.02) conclusive in favor of the Trustee and the Issuer, if made in
the manner provided in this Article.


 


Section 7.02 Proof of Execution of Instruments
and of Holding of Securities. Subject to Sections 6.01 and 6.02, the execution of any instrument by a Holder or his agent or proxy
may be proved in accordance with such reasonable rules and regulations as may be prescribed by the Trustee or in such manner as shall
be satisfactory to the Trustee. The holding of Securities shall be proved by the Security register or by a certificate of the registrar
thereof. The Issuer may set a record date for purposes of determining the identity of Holders of any series entitled to vote or consent
to any action referred to in Section 7.01, which record date may be set at any time or from time to time by notice to the Trustee,
for any date or dates (in the case of any adjournment or reconsideration) not more than 60 days nor less than five days prior to the proposed
date of such vote or consent, and thereafter, notwithstanding any other provisions hereof, only Holders of such series of record on such
record date shall be entitled to so vote or give such consent or revoke such vote or consent. Notice of such record date may be given
before or after any request for any action referred to in Section 7.01 is made by the Issuer.


 


Section 7.03 Holders to Be Treated as Owners.
The Issuer, the Trustee and any agent of the Issuer or of the Trustee may deem and treat the Person in whose name any Security shall
be registered upon the Security register for such series as the absolute owner of such Security (whether or not such Security shall be
overdue and notwithstanding any notation of ownership or other writing thereon) for the purpose of receiving payment of or on account
of the principal of, and, subject to the provisions of this Indenture, interest on, such Security and for all other purposes; and neither
the Issuer nor the Trustee nor any agent of the Issuer or the Trustee shall be affected by any notice to the contrary. All such payments
so made to any such Person, or upon his or her order, shall be valid, and, to the extent of the sum or sums so paid, effectual to satisfy
and discharge the liability for moneys payable.


 


Section 7.04 Securities Owned by Issuer
Deemed Not Outstanding. In determining whether the Holders of the requisite aggregate principal amount of Outstanding Securities of
any or all series have concurred in any direction, consent or waiver under this Indenture, Securities that are owned by the Issuer or
any other obligor on the Securities with respect to which such determination is being made or by any Person directly or indirectly controlling
or controlled by or under direct or indirect common control with the Issuer or any other obligor on the Securities with respect to which
such determination is being made shall be disregarded and deemed not to be Outstanding for the purpose of any such determination, except
that, for the purpose of determining whether the Trustee shall be protected in relying on any such direction, consent or waiver, only
Securities which the Trustee knows are so owned shall be so disregarded. Securities so owned which have been pledged in good faith may
be regarded as Outstanding if the pledgee establishes to the satisfaction of the Trustee the pledgee’s right so to act with respect
to such Securities and that the pledgee is not the Issuer or any other obligor upon the Securities or any Person directly or indirectly
controlling or controlled by or under direct or indirect common control with the Issuer or any other obligor on the Securities. In case
of a dispute as to such right, the advice of counsel shall be full protection in respect of any decision made by the Trustee in accordance
with such advice.


 






    25


     


    




 


Section 7.05 Right of Revocation of Action
Taken. At any time prior to (but not after) the evidencing to the Trustee, as provided in Section 7.01, of the taking of any
action by the Holders of the percentage in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of any or all series, as the case may be, specified
in this Indenture in connection with such action, any Holder of a Security the serial number of which is shown by the evidence to be included
among the serial numbers of the Securities the Holders of which have consented to such action may, by filing written notice at the Corporate
Trust Office and upon proof of holding as provided in this Article, revoke such action so far as concerns such Security. Except as aforesaid,
any such action taken by the Holder of any Security shall be conclusive and binding upon such Holder and upon all future Holders and owners
of such Security and of any Securities issued in exchange or substitution therefor or on registration of transfer thereof, irrespective
of whether or not any notation in regard thereto is made upon any such Security. Any action taken by the Holders of the percentage in
aggregate principal amount of the Securities of any or all series, as the case may be, specified in this Indenture in connection with
such action shall be conclusively binding upon the Issuer, the Trustee and the Holders of all the Securities affected by such action.


 


ARTICLE 8

SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES


 


Section 8.01 Supplemental Indentures Without
Consent of Securityholders. The Issuer, when authorized by a resolution of its Board of Directors, and the Trustee may from time to
time and at any time, without the consent of any of the Securityholders, enter into an indenture or indentures supplemental hereto in
form satisfactory to the Trustee for one or more of the following purposes:


 


(a) to convey, transfer, assign, mortgage or
pledge to the Trustee as security for the Securities of one or more series any property or assets;


 


(b) to evidence the succession of another Person
to the Issuer, or successive successions, and the assumption by such successor of the covenants, agreements and obligations of the Issuer
pursuant to, or to otherwise comply with, Article 9;


 


(c) to comply with the requirements of the Commission
in order to effect or maintain the qualification of this Indenture under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended;


 


(d) to add to the covenants of the Issuer such
further covenants, restrictions, conditions or provisions as its Board of Directors and the Trustee shall consider to be for the protection
of the Holders of Securities, and to make the occurrence, or the occurrence and continuance, of a default in any such additional covenants,
restrictions, conditions or provisions an Event of Default permitting the enforcement of all or any of the several remedies provided in
this Indenture as herein set forth; provided, that in respect of any such additional covenant, restriction, condition or provision
such supplemental indenture may provide for a particular period of grace after default (which period may be shorter or longer than that
allowed in the case of other defaults) or may provide for an immediate enforcement upon such an Event of Default or may limit the remedies
available to the Trustee upon such an Event of Default or may limit the right of the Holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount
of the Securities of such series to waive such an Event of Default;


 


(e) to cure any ambiguity, defect or inconsistency,
or to conform this Indenture or any supplemental indenture to the description of the Securities set forth in any prospectus, prospectus
supplement or offering memorandum related to such series of Securities;


 






    26


     


    

 


(f) to provide for or add guarantors for the
Securities of one or more series;








 


(g) to establish the form or terms of Securities
of any series as permitted by Sections 2.01 and 2.03;


 


(h) to evidence and provide for the acceptance
of appointment hereunder by a successor trustee with respect to the Securities of one or more series and to add to or change any of the
provisions of this Indenture as shall be necessary to provide for or facilitate the administration of the trusts hereunder by more than
one trustee, pursuant to the requirements of Section 6.11;


 


(i) to add to, change or eliminate any of the
provisions of this Indenture in respect of one or more series of Securities; provided that any such addition, change or elimination shall
(A) not (i) apply to any Security of any series created prior to the execution of such supplemental indenture and entitled to
the benefit of such provision nor (ii) modify the rights of the Holder of any such Security with respect to such provision or (B) shall
become effective only when there is no Security described in clause (A)(i) Outstanding;


 


(j) to make any change to the Securities of
any series so long as no Securities of such series are Outstanding; and


 


(k) to make any other change that does not adversely
affect the interests of the Holders of the Securities in any material respect.


 


The Trustee shall join with the Issuer in the execution
of any such supplemental indenture, to make any further appropriate agreements and stipulations which may be therein contained and to
accept the conveyance, transfer, assignment, mortgage or pledge of any property thereunder, but the Trustee shall not be obligated to
enter into any such supplemental indenture which affects the Trustee’s own rights, duties or immunities under this Indenture or
otherwise.


 


Any supplemental indenture authorized by the provisions
of this Section may be executed without the consent of the Holders of any of the Securities at the time Outstanding, notwithstanding
any of the provisions of Section 8.02.


 


Section 8.02 Supplemental Indentures With
Consent of Securityholders. With the consent (evidenced as provided in Article 7) of the Holders of not less than a majority
in aggregate principal amount of the Securities at the time Outstanding of one or more series affected by such supplemental indenture
(voting as separate series), the Issuer, when authorized by a resolution of the Board of Directors, and the Trustee may, from time to
time and at any time, enter into an indenture or indentures supplemental hereto for the purpose of adding any provisions to or changing
in any manner or eliminating any of the provisions of this Indenture or of any supplemental indenture or of modifying in any manner the
rights of the Holders of the Securities of each such consenting series; provided, that no such supplemental indenture shall, without
the consent of the Holder of each Security so affected, (a) extend the final maturity of any Security, or reduce the principal amount
thereof, or reduce the rate or extend the time of payment of interest thereon, or reduce any amount payable on redemption thereof, or
make the principal thereof (including any amount in respect of original issue discount) or interest thereon payable in any currency other
than that provided in the Securities or in accordance with the terms thereof, or reduce the amount of the principal of an Original Issue
Discount Security that would be due and payable upon an acceleration of the maturity thereof pursuant to Section 5.01 or the amount
thereof provable in bankruptcy pursuant to Section 5.02, or (b) waive a continuing default in the payment of principal of any
Security or interest thereon, other than any such default in payment that resulted solely from such acceleration, or change a provision
related to the waiver of past defaults or impair the right of any Securityholder to institute suit for the enforcement of any such payment
on or after the Stated Maturity or the date of redemption or conversion of any Security or, if the Securities provide therefor, any right
of repayment at the option of the Securityholder, or (c) modify any of the provisions of this section except to increase any required
percentage or to provide that certain other provisions cannot be modified or waived without the consent of the Holder of each Security
so affected, or (d) make any change that adversely affects the right to convert or exchange any Security into or for Common Stock
or other securities, cash or other property in accordance with the terms of such Security or (e) reduce the aforesaid percentage
of Securities of any series, the consent of the Holders of which is required for any such supplemental indenture or the consent of Holders
of which is required for any modification, amendment or waiver of compliance with certain provisions of this Indenture or certain defaults
hereunder and their consequences provided for in this Indenture.


 






    27


     


    




 


A supplemental indenture which changes or eliminates
any covenant, Event of Default or other provision of this Indenture (1) that has been expressly included solely for the benefit of
one or more particular series of Securities, if any, or (2) which modifies the rights of Holders of Securities of one or more series
with respect to any covenant, Event of Default or provision, shall be deemed not to affect the rights under this Indenture of the Holders
of Securities of any other series with respect to which such covenant, Event of Default or other provision has not been included or so
modified.


 


Upon the request of the Issuer, accompanied by
a Board Resolution authorizing the execution of any such supplemental indenture, and upon the filing with the Trustee of evidence of the
consent of Securityholders as aforesaid and other documents, if any, required by Section 7.01, the Trustee shall join with the Issuer
in the execution of such supplemental indenture unless such supplemental indenture affects the Trustee’s own rights, duties or immunities
under this Indenture or otherwise, in which case the Trustee may in its discretion, but shall not be obligated to, enter into such supplemental
indenture.


 


It shall not be necessary for the consent of the
Securityholders under this Section to approve the particular form of any proposed supplemental indenture, but it shall be sufficient
if such consent shall approve the substance thereof.


 


Promptly after the execution by the Issuer and
the Trustee of any supplemental indenture pursuant to the provisions of this Section, the Trustee shall give a notice thereof to the Holders
of then Outstanding Securities of each series affected thereby, by delivering a notice thereof, and in each case such notice shall set
forth in general terms the substance of such supplemental indenture. Any failure of the Trustee to deliver such notice, or any defect
therein, shall not, however, in any way impair or affect the validity of any such supplemental indenture.


 


Section 8.03 Effect of Supplemental Indenture.
Upon the execution of any supplemental indenture pursuant to the provisions hereof, this Indenture shall be and be deemed to be modified
and amended in accordance therewith and the respective rights, limitations of rights, obligations, duties and immunities under this Indenture
of the Trustee, the Issuer and the Holders of Securities of each series affected thereby shall thereafter be determined, exercised and
enforced hereunder subject in all respects to such modifications and amendments, and all the terms and conditions of any such supplemental
indenture shall be and be deemed to be part of the terms and conditions of this Indenture for any and all purposes.


 


Section 8.04 Documents to Be Given to Trustee.
The Trustee, subject to the provisions of Sections 6.01 and 6.02, may receive an Officer’s Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel
as conclusive evidence that any supplemental indenture executed pursuant to this Article 8 complies with the applicable provisions
of this Indenture.


 


Section 8.05 Notation on Securities in
Respect of Supplemental Indentures. Securities of any series authenticated and delivered after the execution of any supplemental indenture
pursuant to the provisions of this Article may bear a notation in form approved by the Trustee for such series as to any matter provided
for by such supplemental indenture or as to any action taken by Securityholders. If the Issuer or the Trustee shall so determine, new
Securities of any series so modified as to conform, in the opinion of the Trustee and the Board of Directors, to any modification of this
Indenture contained in any such supplemental indenture may be prepared by the Issuer, authenticated by the Trustee and delivered in exchange
for the Securities of such series then Outstanding.


 






    28


     


    

 


ARTICLE 9

CONSOLIDATION, MERGER, SALE OR CONVEYANCE


 


Section 9.01 Issuer May Consolidate,
Etc., on Certain Terms. The Issuer shall not consolidate with or merge into any other Person (in a transaction in which the Issuer
is not the surviving corporation) or convey, transfer or lease its properties and assets substantially as an entirety to any Person, unless
(a) the Person formed by such consolidation or into which the Issuer is merged or the Person which acquires by conveyance or transfer,
or which leases, the properties and assets of the Issuer substantially as an entirety (i) shall be a corporation, limited liability
company, partnership or trust, (ii) shall be organized and validly existing under the laws of the United States of America, any State
thereof or the District of Columbia and (iii) shall expressly assume, by an indenture supplemental hereto, executed and delivered
to the Trustee, in form satisfactory to the Trustee, the due and punctual payment of the principal, interest on and any Additional Amounts
with respect to all the Securities and the performance or observance of every covenant of this Indenture on the part of the Issuer to
be performed, by supplemental indenture satisfactory in form to the Trustee, executed and delivered to the Trustee, by the Person formed
by such consolidation or into which the Issuer shall have been merged or by the Person which shall have acquired the Issuer’s assets;
(b) immediately after giving effect to such transaction, no Event of Default, and no event which, after notice or lapse of time or
both, would become an Event of Default, shall have happened and be continuing; and (c) the Issuer has delivered to the Trustee an
Officer’s Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that such consolidation, merger, conveyance, transfer or lease and,
if a supplemental indenture is required in connection with such transaction, such supplemental indenture comply with this Article and
that all conditions precedent herein provided for relating to such transaction have been complied with.





 


The restrictions in this Section 9.01 shall
not apply to (i) the merger or consolidation of the Issuer with one of its affiliates, if the Board of Directors determines in good
faith that the purpose of such transaction is principally to change the Issuer’s State of incorporation or convert the Issuer’s
form of organization to another form, or (ii) the merger of the Issuer with or into a single direct or indirect wholly owned Subsidiary.


 


Section 9.02 Successor Issuer Substituted.
Upon any consolidation of the Issuer with, or merger of the Issuer into, any other Person or any conveyance, transfer or lease of
the properties and assets of the Issuer substantially as an entirety in accordance with Section 9.01, the successor Person formed
by such consolidation or into which the Issuer is merged or to which such conveyance, transfer or lease is made shall succeed to, and
be substituted for, and may exercise every right and power of, the Issuer under this Indenture with the same effect as if such successor
Person had been named as the Issuer herein, and thereafter, except in the case of a lease, the predecessor Person shall be relieved of
all obligations and covenants under this Indenture and the Securities.


 


In case of any such consolidation, merger, sale,
lease or conveyance, such changes in phraseology and form (but not in substance) may be made in the Securities thereafter to be issued
as may be appropriate.


 


ARTICLE 10

SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE OF INDENTURE; DEFEASANCE;

UNCLAIMED MONEYS


 


Section 10.01 Satisfaction and Discharge
of Indenture; Defeasance.


 


(a) If at any time


 


(i) the Issuer shall have paid or
caused to be paid the principal of and interest on and any Additional Amounts with respect to all the Securities of any series Outstanding
hereunder (other than Securities of such series which have been destroyed, lost or stolen and which have been replaced or paid as provided
in Section 2.09) as and when the same shall have become due and payable, or


 


(ii) the Issuer shall have delivered
to the Trustee for cancellation all Securities of any series theretofore authenticated (other than any Securities of such series which
shall have been destroyed, lost or stolen and which shall have been replaced or paid as provided in Section 2.09); or


 


(iii) in the case of any series of
Securities the exact amount (including the currency of payment) of principal of and interest and Additional Amounts due on which on the
dates referred to in clause (B) below can be determined at the time of making the deposit referred to in such clause,


 






    29


     


    

 


(A) all the Securities of such series
not theretofore delivered to the Trustee for cancellation shall have become due and payable, or are by their terms to become due and payable
within one year or are to be called for redemption within one year in accordance with their terms under arrangements satisfactory to the
Trustee for the giving of notice of redemption, and





 


(B) the Issuer shall have irrevocably
deposited or caused to be deposited with the Trustee as trust funds the entire amount (i) in the case of any series of Securities
the payments on which may only be made in Dollars, in Dollars (other than moneys repaid by the Trustee or any paying agent to the Issuer
in accordance with Section 10.04) and/or U.S. Government Obligations maturing as to principal and interest in such amounts and at
such times as will insure the availability of cash in such currency, or (ii) in the case of any series of Securities the payments
on which may only be made in a Foreign Currency, in such Foreign Currency (other than moneys repaid by the Trustee or any paying agent
to the Issuer in accordance with Section 10.04) and/or Foreign Government Obligations maturing as to principal and interest in such
amounts and at such times as will insure the availability of cash in such currency, in each case sufficient to pay on any subsequent Interest
Payment Date all interest due on such Interest Payment Date on the Securities of such series and to pay at maturity or upon redemption
all Securities of such series (in each case other than any Securities of such series which shall have been destroyed, lost or stolen and
which shall have been replaced or paid as provided in Section 2.09) not theretofore delivered to the Trustee for cancellation, including
principal, interest and Additional Amounts due or to become due to such date of maturity, as the case may be,


 


and if, in a case described in Section 10.01(a)(iii)(B), the Issuer
shall also pay or cause to be paid all other sums payable hereunder by the Issuer, including amounts due the Trustee pursuant to Section 6.06,
with respect to Securities of such series, then this Indenture shall cease to be of further effect with respect to Securities of such
series (except as to (1) rights of registration of transfer, conversion and exchange of Securities of such series and the Issuer’s
right of optional redemption, (2) substitution of mutilated, defaced, destroyed, lost or stolen Securities, (3) rights of Holders
of Securities to receive, solely from the trust fund described in Section 10.01(a)(iii)(B), payments of principal thereof and interest
thereon, upon the original stated due dates therefor (but not upon acceleration) and remaining rights of the Holders to receive, solely
from the trust fund described in Section 10.01(a)(iii)(B), sinking fund payments, if any, (4) the rights (including the Trustee’s
rights under Section 10.05) and immunities of the Trustee hereunder and the Trustee’s obligations under Sections 10.02 and
10.04 and (5) the obligations of the Issuer under Section 3.02), and the Trustee, on demand of the Issuer accompanied by an
Officer’s Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel which complies with Section 11.05 and at the cost and expense of the Issuer,
shall execute proper instruments acknowledging such satisfaction of and discharging this Indenture with respect to such series. The Issuer
agrees to reimburse the Trustee for any costs or expenses thereafter reasonably and properly incurred and to compensate the Trustee for
any services thereafter reasonably and properly rendered by the Trustee in connection with this Indenture or the Securities of such series.


 


(b) The following subsection shall apply to
the Securities of each series unless specifically otherwise provided in a Board Resolution, Officer’s Certificate or indenture supplemental
hereto pursuant to Section 2.03. In addition to the right to discharge of the Indenture pursuant to subsection (a) above, the
Issuer, at its option and at any time, by written notice by an officer delivered to the Trustee, may elect to have all of its obligations
with respect to all Outstanding Securities of a series discharged (“Legal Defeasance”), such discharge to be effective
on the date that the conditions set forth in clauses (i) through (iv) and (vi) of Section 10.01(d) are satisfied,
and thereafter the Issuer shall be deemed to have paid and discharged the entire Debt on all the Securities of such series, and satisfied
all its other obligations under such Securities and this Indenture insofar as such Securities are concerned and this Indenture shall cease
to be of further effect with respect to Securities of such series (except as to (1) rights of registration of transfer, conversion
and exchange of Securities of such series, (2) substitution of apparently mutilated, defaced, destroyed, lost or stolen Securities,
(3) rights of Holders of Securities to receive, solely from the trust fund described in Section 10.01(d)(i), payments of principal
thereof, interest thereon and any Additional Amounts, upon the original Stated Maturities therefor (but not upon acceleration) and remaining
rights of the Holders to receive, solely from the trust fund described in Section 10.01(d)(i), sinking fund payments, if any, (4) the
rights (including the Trustee’s rights under Section 10.05) and immunities of the Trustee hereunder and the Trustee’s
obligations with respect to the Securities of such series under Sections 10.02 and 10.04 and (5) the obligations of the Issuer under
Section 3.02).


 






    30


     


    







 


(c) The following subsection shall apply to
the Securities of each series unless specifically otherwise provided in a Board Resolution, Officer’s Certificate or indenture supplemental
hereto provided pursuant to Section 2.03. In addition to the right to discharge of the Indenture pursuant to subsection (a) and
to Legal Defeasance pursuant to subsection (b), above, the Issuer, at its option and at any time, by written notice executed by an officer
delivered to the Trustee, may elect to have its obligations under any covenant contained in this Indenture or in the Board Resolution
or supplemental indenture relating to such series pursuant to Section 2.03 discharged with respect to all Outstanding Securities
of a series, this Indenture and any indentures supplemental to this Indenture with respect to such series (“Covenant Defeasance”),
such discharge to be effective on the date the conditions set forth in clauses (i) through (iii) and (v) through (vi) of
Section 10.01(d) are satisfied, and such Securities shall thereafter be deemed to be not “Outstanding” for the purposes
of any direction, waiver, consent or declaration of Securityholders (and any consequences thereof) in connection with such covenants,
but shall continue to be “Outstanding” for all other purposes under this Indenture. For this purpose, such Covenant Defeasance
means that, with respect to the Outstanding Securities of a series, the Issuer may omit to comply with and shall have no liability in
respect of any term, condition or limitation set forth in any such covenant, whether directly or indirectly, by reason of any reference
elsewhere herein to any such covenant or by reason of reference in any such covenant to any other provision herein or in any other document
and such omission to comply shall not constitute an Event of Default under Section 5.01(c) or otherwise, but except as specified
in this Section 10.01(c), the remainder of the Issuer’s obligations under the Securities of such series, this Indenture, and
any indentures supplemental to this Indenture with respect to such series shall be unaffected thereby.


 


(d) The following shall be the conditions to
the application of Legal Defeasance (to the extent set forth in subsection (b)), or Covenant Defeasance (to the extent set forth in subsection
(c)) to the Securities of the applicable series:


 


(i) the Issuer irrevocably deposits
or causes to be deposited in trust with the Trustee or, at the option of the Trustee, with a trustee satisfactory to the Trustee and the
Company under the terms of an irrevocable trust agreement in form and substance satisfactory to the Trustee, (i) in the case of any
series of Securities the payments on which may only be made in Dollars, Dollars (other than moneys repaid by the Trustee or any paying
agent to the Issuer in accordance with Section 10.04) and/or U.S. Government Obligations maturing as to principal and interest in
such amounts and at such times as will insure the availability of cash in such currency, or (ii) in the case of any series of Securities
the payments on which may only be made in a Foreign Currency, such Foreign Currency (other than moneys repaid by the Trustee or any paying
agent to the Issuer in accordance with Section 10.04) and/or Foreign Government Obligations maturing as to principal and interest
in such amounts and at such times as will insure the availability of cash in such currency, in each case sufficient to pay on any subsequent
Interest Payment Date all interest due on such Interest Payment Date on the Securities of such series and to pay at maturity or upon redemption
all Securities of such series (in each case other than any Securities of such series which shall have been destroyed, lost or stolen and
which shall have been replaced or paid as provided in Section 2.09) not theretofore delivered to the Trustee for cancellation, including
principal, interest and Additional Amounts due or to become due to such date of maturity, as the case may be;


 


(ii) the Issuer delivers to the Trustee
an Officer’s Certificate stating that all conditions precedent specified herein relating to Legal Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance,
as the case may be, have been complied with, and an Opinion of Counsel to the same effect;


 


(iii) no Event of Default under subsection
(a), (b), (d) or (e) of Section 5.01 shall have occurred and be continuing, and no event which with notice or lapse of
time or both would become such an Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing, on the date of such deposit;


 






    31


     


    

 


(iv) in the event of an election for
Legal Defeasance under subsection (b), the Issuer shall have delivered to the Trustee an Opinion of Counsel stating that (A) the
Issuer has received from, or there has been published by, the Internal Revenue Service a ruling or (B) since the date of this instrument,
there has been a change in the applicable Federal income tax law, in either case (A) or (B) to the effect that, and based thereon
such opinion shall confirm that, the Holders of such Securities will not recognize gain or loss for Federal income tax purposes as a result
of the deposit, defeasance and discharge to be effected with respect to such Securities and will be subject to Federal income tax on the
same amounts, in the same manner and at the same times as would be the case if such deposit, defeasance and discharge were not to occur;





 


(v) in the event of an election for
Covenant Defeasance under subsection (c), the Issuer shall have delivered to the Trustee an Opinion of Counsel to the effect that the
Holders of such Securities will not recognize gain or loss for Federal income tax purposes as a result of the deposit and Covenant Defeasance
to be effected with respect to such Securities and will be subject to Federal income tax on the same amount, in the same manner and at
the same times as would be the case if such deposit and Covenant Defeasance were not to occur; and


 


(vi) notwithstanding any other provisions
of this subsection (d), such defeasance shall be effected in compliance with any additional or substitute terms, conditions or limitations
that may be imposed on the Issuer pursuant to Section 2.03.


 


After such irrevocable deposit made pursuant to this Section 10.01(d) and
satisfaction of the other applicable conditions set forth in this subsection (d), the Trustee upon request shall execute proper instruments
acknowledging the discharge of the Issuer’s obligations pursuant to this Section 10.01.


 


Section 10.02 Application by Trustee of
Funds Deposited for Payment of Securities. Subject to Section 10.04, all moneys deposited with the Trustee (or other trustee)
pursuant to Section 10.01 shall be held in trust and applied by it to the payment, either directly or through any paying agent (including
the Issuer acting as its own paying agent), to the Holders of the particular Securities of such series for the payment or redemption of
which such moneys have been deposited with the Trustee, of all sums due and to become due thereon for principal and interest; but such
money need not be segregated from other funds except to the extent required by law.


 


Section 10.03 Repayment of Moneys Held
by Paying Agent. In connection with the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture with respect to Securities of any series, all
moneys then held by any paying agent under the provisions of this Indenture with respect to such series of Securities shall, upon demand
of the Issuer, be repaid to it or paid to the Trustee and thereupon such paying agent shall be released from all further liability with
respect to such moneys.


 


Section 10.04 Return of Moneys Held by
Trustee and Paying Agent Unclaimed for Two Years. Any moneys deposited with or paid to the Trustee or any paying agent for the payment
of the principal of, interest on or additional amounts in respect of any Security of any series and not applied but remaining unclaimed
for two years after the date upon which such principal, interest or additional amount shall have become due and payable, shall be repaid
to the Issuer by the Trustee for such series or such paying agent, and the Holder of the Securities of such series shall thereafter look
only to the Issuer for any payment which such Holder may be entitled to collect, and all liability of the Trustee or any paying agent
with respect to such moneys shall thereupon cease.


 


Section 10.05 Indemnity for U.S. Government
Obligations and Foreign Government Obligations. The Issuer shall pay and indemnify the Trustee against any tax, fee or other charge
imposed on or assessed against the U.S. Government Obligations or Foreign Government Obligations deposited pursuant to Section 10.01
or the principal or interest received in respect of such obligations.


 






    32


     


    

 


ARTICLE 11

MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS


 


Section 11.01 No Recourse. No recourse
under or upon any obligation, covenant or agreement of this Indenture, or of any Security, or for any claim based thereon or otherwise
in respect thereof, shall be had against any incorporator, stockholder, officer or director, past, present or future as such, of the Issuer
or of any predecessor or successor corporation, either directly or through the Issuer or any such predecessor or successor corporation,
whether by virtue of any constitution, statute or rule of law, or by the enforcement of any assessment or penalty or otherwise; it
being expressly understood that this Indenture and the obligations issued hereunder are solely corporate obligations, and that no such
personal liability whatever shall attach to, or is or shall be incurred by, the incorporators, stockholders, officers or directors as
such, of the Issuer or of any predecessor or successor corporation, or any of them, because of the creation of the indebtedness hereby
authorized, or under or by reason of the obligations, covenants or agreements contained in this Indenture or in any of the Securities
or implied therefrom; and that any and all such personal liability of every name and nature, either at common law or in equity or by constitution
or statute, of, and any and all such rights and claims against, every such incorporator, stockholder, officer or director as such, because
of the creation of the indebtedness hereby authorized, or under or by reason of the obligations, covenants or agreements contained in
this Indenture or in any of the Securities or implied therefrom, are hereby expressly waived and released as a condition of, and as a
consideration for, the execution of this Indenture and the issuance of such Securities.





 


Section 11.02 Provisions of Indenture for
the Sole Benefit of Parties and Holders of Securities. Nothing in this Indenture or in the Securities, expressed or implied, shall
give or be construed to give to any person, firm or corporation, other than the parties hereto and their successors and the Holders of
the Securities any legal or equitable right, remedy or claim under this Indenture or under any covenant or provision herein contained,
all such covenants and provisions being for the sole benefit of the parties hereto and their successors and of the Holders of the Securities.


 


Section 11.03 Successors and Assigns of
Issuer Bound by Indenture. All the covenants, stipulations, promises and agreements contained in this Indenture by or on behalf of
the Issuer shall bind its successors and assigns, whether so expressed or not.


 


Section 11.04 Notices and Demands on Issuer,
Trustee and Holders of Securities. Any notice or demand which by any provision of this Indenture is required or permitted to be given
or served by the Trustee or by the Holders of Securities to or on the Issuer may be delivered, given or served by being deposited postage
prepaid, first-class mail (except as otherwise specifically provided herein) addressed (until another address of the Issuer is filed by
the Issuer with the Trustee) to Voyager Therapeutics, Inc., 64 Sidney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, Attn: Chief Financial
Officer. Any notice, direction, request or demand by the Issuer or any Holder of Securities to or upon the Trustee shall be deemed to
have been sufficiently given or made, for all purposes, if given or made at ______, ______, Attn: ______.


 


Where this Indenture provides for notice to Holders
of Securities, such notice shall be sufficiently given (unless otherwise herein expressly provided) if in writing and mailed, first-class
postage prepaid, to each Holder entitled thereto, at his, her or its last address as it appears in the Security register. In case, by
reason of the suspension of or irregularities in regular mail service, it shall be impracticable to mail notice of any event to Holders
of Securities when said notice is required to be given pursuant to any provision of this Indenture or of the Securities, then any manner
of giving such notice as shall be satisfactory to the Trustee shall be deemed to be a sufficient giving of such notice.


 


In case, by reason of the suspension of or irregularities
in regular mail service, it shall be impracticable to mail notice to the Issuer when such notice is required to be given pursuant to any
provision of this Indenture, then any manner of giving such notice as shall be satisfactory to the Trustee shall be deemed to be a sufficient
giving of such notice.


 


Where this Indenture provides for notice of any
event to a Holder of a Global Security, such notice shall be sufficiently given if given to the Depositary for such Security (or its designee),
pursuant to the Applicable Procedures of the Depositary, not later than the latest date, if any, and not earlier than the earliest date,
if any, prescribed for the giving of such notice.


 






    33


     


    

 


Neither the failure to give notice, nor any defect
in any notice so given, to any particular Holder of a Security shall affect the sufficiency of such notice with respect to other Holders
of Securities given as provided above.





 


Where this Indenture provides for notice in any
manner, such notice may be waived in writing by the Person entitled to receive such notice either before or after the event, and such
waiver shall be the equivalent of such notice. Waivers of notice by Holders shall be filed with the Trustee, but such filing shall not
be a condition precedent to the validity of any action taken in reliance upon such waiver.


 


Section 11.05 Officer’s Certificates
and Opinions of Counsel; Statements to Be Contained Therein. Upon any application or demand by the Issuer to the Trustee to take any
action under any of the provisions of this Indenture, the Issuer shall furnish to the Trustee an Officer’s Certificate stating that
all conditions precedent provided for in this Indenture relating to the proposed action have been complied with and an Opinion of Counsel
stating that in the opinion of such counsel all such conditions precedent have been complied with, except that in the case of any such
application or demand as to which the furnishing of such documents is specifically required by any provision of this Indenture relating
to such particular application or demand, no additional certificate or opinion need be furnished.


 


Each certificate or opinion provided for in this
Indenture and delivered to the Trustee with respect to compliance with a condition or covenant provided for in this Indenture shall include
(a) a statement that the person making such certificate or opinion has read such covenant or condition, (b) a brief statement
as to the nature and scope of the examination or investigation upon which the statements or opinions contained in such certificate or
opinion are based, (c) a statement that, in the opinion of such person, he or she has made such examination or investigation as is
necessary to enable him or her to express an informed opinion as to whether or not such covenant or condition has been complied with and
(d) a statement as to whether or not, in the opinion of such person, such condition or covenant has been complied with.


 


Any certificate, statement or opinion of an officer
of the Issuer may be based, insofar as it relates to legal matters, upon a certificate or opinion of or representations by counsel, unless
such officer knows that the certificate or opinion or representations with respect to the matters upon which his or her certificate, statement
or opinion may be based as aforesaid are erroneous, or in the exercise of reasonable care should know that the same are erroneous. Any
certificate, statement or opinion of counsel may be based, insofar as it relates to factual matters, information with respect to which
is in the possession of the Issuer, upon the certificate, statement or opinion of or representations by an officer or officers of the
Issuer, unless such counsel knows that the certificate, statement or opinion or representations with respect to the matters upon which
his or her certificate, statement or opinion may be based as aforesaid are erroneous, or in the exercise of reasonable care should know
that the same are erroneous.


 


Any certificate, statement or opinion of an officer
of the Issuer or of counsel may be based, insofar as it relates to accounting matters, upon a certificate or opinion of or representations
by an accountant or firm of accountants in the employ of the Issuer, unless such officer or counsel, as the case may be, knows that the
certificate or opinion or representations with respect to the accounting matters upon which his or her certificate, statement or opinion
may be based as aforesaid are erroneous, or in the exercise of reasonable care should know that the same are erroneous.


 


Any certificate or opinion of any independent firm
of public accountants filed with and directed to the Trustee shall contain a statement that such firm is independent.


 


Section 11.06 Payments Due on Saturdays,
Sundays and Holidays. If the date of maturity of interest on or principal of the Securities of any series or the date fixed for redemption
or repayment of any such Security, or the last day on which a Holder has the right to convert any Security, shall not be a Business Day,
then payment of interest or principal, or any conversion, need not be made on such date, but may be made on the next succeeding Business
Day with the same force and effect as if made on the date of maturity or the date fixed for redemption or on such last day for conversion,
and no interest shall accrue for the period after such date.


 


Section 11.07 Conflict of Any Provision
of Indenture With Trust Indenture Act of 1939. If and to the extent that any provision of this Indenture limits, qualifies or conflicts
with another provision included in this Indenture by operation of Sections 310 to 317, inclusive, of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939,
such incorporated provision shall control.


 






    34


     


    




 


Section 11.08 New York Law to Govern. This
Indenture and each Security shall be deemed to be a contract under the laws of the State of New York, and for all purposes shall be governed
by and construed in accordance with the laws of such State without regard to any principle of conflict of laws that would require or permit
the application of the laws of any other jurisdiction, except as may otherwise be required by mandatory provisions of law.


 


Section 11.09 Counterparts. This Indenture
may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of which shall be an original; but such counterparts shall together constitute but
one and the same instrument.


 


Section 11.10 Effect of Headings. The
Article and Section headings herein and the Table of Contents are for convenience only and shall not affect the construction
hereof.


 


Section 11.11 Actions by Successor.
Any act or proceeding by any provision of this Indenture authorized or required to be done or performed by any board of directors or its
equivalent, committee or officer of the Issuer shall and may be done and performed with like force and effect by the corresponding board,
committee or officer of any corporation that shall at the time be the lawful successor of the Issuer.


 


Section 11.12 Severability. In case
any one or more of the provisions contained in this Indenture or in the Securities of any series shall for any reason be held to be invalid,
illegal or unenforceable in any respect, such invalidity, illegality or unenforceability shall not affect any other provisions of this
Indenture or of such Securities, but this Indenture and such Securities shall be construed as if such invalid or illegal or unenforceable
provision had never been contained herein or therein.


 


ARTICLE 12

REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES AND SINKING FUNDS


 


Section 12.01 Applicability of Article.
The provisions of this Article shall be applicable to the Securities of any series which are redeemable before their maturity
or to any sinking fund for the retirement of Securities of a series, except as otherwise specified, as contemplated by Section 2.03
for Securities of such series.


 


Section 12.02 Notice of Redemption; Partial
Redemptions. Notice of redemption to the Holders of Securities of any series to be redeemed as a whole or in part at the option of
the Issuer shall be given by providing notice of such redemption at least 10 days and not more than 60 days prior to the date fixed for
redemption to such Holders of Securities of such series at their last addresses as they shall appear upon the Security register. Any notice
which is given in the manner herein provided shall be conclusively presumed to have been duly given, whether or not the Holder receives
the notice. Failure to give notice or any defect in the notice to the Holder of any Security of a series designated for redemption as
a whole or in part shall not affect the validity of the proceedings for the redemption of any other Security of such series.


 


The notice of redemption to each such Holder shall
specify the principal amount of each Security of such series held by such Holder to be redeemed, the date fixed for redemption, the redemption
price, the place or places of payment, that payment will be made upon presentation and surrender of such Securities, that such redemption
is pursuant to the mandatory or optional sinking fund, or both, if such be the case, that interest accrued to the date fixed for redemption
will be paid as specified in such notice and that on and after said date interest thereon or on the portions thereof to be redeemed will
cease to accrue and shall also specify, if applicable, the conversion price then in effect and the date on which the right to convert
such Securities or the portions thereof to be redeemed will expire. In case any Security of a series is to be redeemed in part only, the
notice of redemption shall state the portion of the principal amount thereof to be redeemed and shall state that on and after the date
fixed for redemption, upon surrender of such Security, a new Security or Securities of such series in principal amount equal to the unredeemed
portion thereof will be issued.


 


The notice of redemption of Securities of any series
to be redeemed at the option of the Issuer shall be given by the Issuer or, at the Issuer’s request, by the Trustee in the name
and at the expense of the Issuer.


 






    35


     


    

 


On or before the redemption date specified in the
notice of redemption given as provided in this Section, the Issuer will deposit with the Trustee or with one or more paying agents (or,
if the Issuer is acting as its own paying agent, set aside, segregate and hold in trust as provided in Section 3.04) an amount of
money sufficient to redeem on the redemption date all the Securities of such series so called for redemption (other than those Securities
theretofore surrendered for conversion into Common Stock in accordance with their terms) at the appropriate redemption price, together
with accrued interest to the date fixed for redemption. If any Security called for redemption is converted pursuant hereto and in accordance
with the terms thereof, any money deposited with the Trustee or any paying agent or so segregated and held in trust for the redemption
of such Security shall be paid to the Issuer upon the Issuer’s request, or, if then held by the Issuer, shall be discharged from
such trust. The Issuer will deliver to the Trustee at least 10 days prior to the date the notice required to be delivered to the Holders
is to be sent (unless a shorter time period shall be acceptable to the Trustee) an Officer’s Certificate (which need not comply
with Section 11.05) stating the aggregate principal amount of Securities to be redeemed. In case of a redemption at the election
of the Issuer prior to the expiration of any restriction on such redemption, the Issuer shall deliver to the Trustee, prior to the giving
of any notice of redemption to Holders pursuant to this Section, an Officer’s Certificate stating that such restriction has been
complied with.





 


If less than all the Securities of a series are
to be redeemed, the Trustee shall select, in such manner as it shall deem appropriate and fair, Securities of such series to be redeemed
in whole or in part. Securities may be redeemed in part in multiples equal to the minimum authorized denomination for Securities of such
series or any multiple thereof. The Trustee shall promptly notify the Issuer in writing of the Securities of such series selected for
redemption and, in the case of any Securities of such series selected for partial redemption, the principal amount thereof to be redeemed.
For all purposes of this Indenture, unless the context otherwise requires, all provisions relating to the redemption of Securities of
any series shall relate, in the case of any Security redeemed or to be redeemed only in part, to the portion of the principal amount of
such Security which has been or is to be redeemed. If any Security selected for partial redemption is surrendered for conversion after
such selection, the converted portion of such Security shall be deemed (so far as may be possible) to be the portion selected for redemption.


 


Section 12.03 Payment of Securities Called
for Redemption. If notice of redemption has been given as above provided, the Securities or portions of Securities specified in such
notice shall become due and payable on the date and at the place stated in such notice at the applicable redemption price, together with
interest accrued to the date fixed for redemption, and on and after said date (unless the Issuer shall default in the payment of such
Securities at the redemption price, together with interest accrued to said date) interest on the Securities or portions of Securities
so called for redemption shall cease to accrue, and such Securities shall cease from and after the date fixed for redemption to be convertible
into Common Stock (to the extent otherwise convertible in accordance with their terms), if applicable, and cease to be entitled to any
benefit or security under this Indenture, and except as provided in the paragraph below, the Holders thereof shall have no right in respect
of such Securities except the right to receive the redemption price thereof and unpaid interest to the date fixed for redemption. On presentation
and surrender of such Securities at a place of payment specified in said notice, said Securities or the specified portions thereof shall
be paid and redeemed by the Issuer at the applicable redemption price, together with interest accrued thereon to the date fixed for redemption;
provided, that payment of interest becoming due on or prior to the date fixed for redemption shall be payable to the Holders of
such Securities registered as such on the relevant record date subject to the terms and provisions of Sections 2.03 and 2.07 hereof.


 


If any Security called for redemption shall not
be so paid upon surrender thereof for redemption, the principal shall, until paid or duly provided for, bear interest from the date fixed
for redemption at the rate of interest or Yield to Maturity (in the case of an Original Issue Discount Security) borne by such Security
and, if applicable, such Security shall remain convertible into Common Stock until the principal of such Security shall have been paid
or duly provided for.


 


Upon presentation of any Security redeemed in part
only, the Issuer shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver to or on the order of the Holder thereof, at the expense
of the Issuer, a new Security or Securities of such series, of authorized denominations, in principal amount equal to the unredeemed portion
of the Security so presented.


 


Section 12.04 Exclusion of Certain Securities
from Eligibility for Selection for Redemption. Securities shall be excluded from eligibility for selection for redemption if they
are identified by registration and certificate number in an Officer’s Certificate delivered to the Trustee at least 40 days prior
to the last date on which notice of redemption may be given as being owned of record and beneficially by, and not pledged or hypothecated
by either (a) the Issuer or (b) an entity specifically identified in such written statement as directly or indirectly controlling
or controlled by or under direct or indirect common control with the Issuer.


 






    36


     


    




 


Section 12.05 Mandatory and Optional Sinking
Funds. The minimum amount of any sinking fund payment provided for by the terms of the Securities of any series is herein referred
to as a “mandatory sinking fund payment”, and any payment in excess of such minimum amount provided for by the terms
of the Securities of any series is herein referred to as an “optional sinking fund payment”. The date on which a sinking
fund payment is to be made is herein referred to as the “sinking fund payment date”.


 


In lieu of making all or any part of any mandatory
sinking fund payment with respect to any series of Securities in cash, the Issuer may at its option (a) deliver to the Trustee Securities
of such series theretofore purchased or otherwise acquired (except upon redemption pursuant to the mandatory sinking fund) by the Issuer
or receive credit for Securities of such series (not previously so credited) theretofore purchased or otherwise acquired (except as aforesaid)
by the Issuer and delivered to the Trustee for cancellation pursuant to Section 2.10 and, if applicable, receive credit for Securities
(not previously so credited) converted into Common Stock and so delivered to the Trustee for cancellation, (b) receive credit for
optional sinking fund payments (not previously so credited) made pursuant to this Section, or (c) receive credit for Securities of
such series (not previously so credited) redeemed by the Issuer through any optional redemption provision contained in the terms of such
series. Securities so delivered or credited shall be received or credited by the Trustee at the sinking fund redemption price specified
in such Securities.


 


On or before the 60th day next preceding each sinking
fund payment date for any series, the Issuer will deliver to the Trustee an Officer’s Certificate (which need not contain the statements
required by Section 11.05) (a) specifying the portion of the mandatory sinking fund payment to be satisfied by payment of cash
and the portion to be satisfied by credit of Securities of such series and the basis for such credit, (b) stating that none of the
Securities of such series for which credit will be taken has theretofore been so credited, (c) stating that no defaults in the payment
of interest or Events of Default with respect to such series have occurred (which have not been waived or cured) and are continuing and
(d) stating whether or not the Issuer intends to exercise its right to make an optional sinking fund payment with respect to such
series and, if so, specifying the amount of such optional sinking fund payment which the Issuer intends to pay on or before the next succeeding
sinking fund payment date. Any Securities of such series to be credited and required to be delivered to the Trustee in order for the Issuer
to be entitled to credit therefor as aforesaid which have not theretofore been delivered to the Trustee shall be delivered for cancellation
pursuant to Section 2.10 to the Trustee with such Officer’s Certificate (or reasonably promptly thereafter if acceptable to
the Trustee). Such Officer’s Certificate shall be irrevocable and upon its receipt by the Trustee the Issuer shall become unconditionally
obligated to make all the cash payments or payments therein referred to, if any, on or before the next succeeding sinking fund payment
date. Failure of the Issuer, on or before any such 60th day, to deliver such Officer’s Certificate and Securities specified in this
paragraph, if any, shall not constitute a default but shall constitute, on and as of such date, the irrevocable election of the Issuer
that the mandatory sinking fund payment for such series due on the next succeeding sinking fund payment date shall be paid entirely in
cash without the option to deliver or credit Securities of such series in respect thereof.


 






    37


     


    

 


If the sinking fund payment or payments (mandatory
or optional or both) to be made in cash on the next succeeding sinking fund payment date plus any unused balance of any preceding sinking
fund payments made in cash shall exceed $50,000 (or the equivalent thereof in any Foreign Currency or a lesser sum in Dollars or in any
Foreign Currency if the Issuer shall so request) with respect to the Securities of any particular series, such cash shall be applied on
the next succeeding sinking fund payment date to the redemption of Securities of such series at the sinking fund redemption price together
with accrued interest to the date fixed for redemption. If such amount shall be $50,000 (or the equivalent thereof in any Foreign Currency)
or less and the Issuer makes no such request then it shall be carried over until a sum in excess of $50,000 (or the equivalent thereof
in any Foreign Currency) is available, which delay in accordance with this paragraph shall not be a default or breach of the obligation
to make such payment. The Trustee shall select, in the manner provided in Section 12.02, for redemption on such sinking fund payment
date a sufficient principal amount of Securities of such series to which such cash may be applied, as nearly as may be, and shall (if
requested in writing by the Issuer) inform the Issuer of the serial numbers of the Securities of such series (or portions thereof) so
selected. The Trustee, in the name and at the expense of the Issuer (or the Issuer, if it shall so request the Trustee in writing), shall
cause notice of redemption of the Securities of such series to be given in substantially the manner provided in Section 12.02 (and
with the effect provided in Section 12.03) for the redemption of Securities of such series in part at the option of the Issuer. The
amount of any sinking fund payments not so applied or allocated to the redemption of Securities of such series shall be added to the next
cash sinking fund payment for such series and, together with such payment, shall be applied in accordance with the provisions of this
Section. Any and all sinking fund moneys held on the stated maturity date of the Securities of any particular series (or earlier, if such
maturity is accelerated), which are not held for the payment or redemption of particular Securities of such series, shall be applied,
together with other moneys, if necessary, sufficient for the purpose, to the payment of the principal of, and interest on, the Securities
of such series at maturity. The Issuer’s obligation to make a mandatory or optional sinking fund payment shall automatically be
reduced by an amount equal to the sinking fund redemption price allocable to any Securities or portions thereof called for redemption
pursuant to the preceding paragraph on any sinking fund payment date and converted into Common Stock in accordance with the terms of such
Securities; provided that, if the Trustee is not the conversion agent for the Securities, the Issuer or such conversion agent shall
give the Trustee written notice on or prior to the date fixed for redemption of the principal amount of Securities or portions thereof
so converted.





 


On or before each sinking fund payment date, the
Issuer shall pay to the Trustee in cash or shall otherwise provide for the payment of all interest accrued to the date fixed for redemption
on Securities to be redeemed on such sinking fund payment date.


 


The Trustee shall not redeem or cause to be redeemed
any Securities of a series with sinking fund moneys or give any notice of redemption of Securities for such series by operation of the
sinking fund during the continuance of a default in payment of interest on such Securities or of any Event of Default except that, where
providing notice of redemption of any Securities shall theretofore have been made, the Trustee shall redeem or cause to be redeemed such
Securities, provided that it shall have received from the Issuer a sum sufficient for such redemption. Except as aforesaid, any moneys
in the sinking fund for such series at the time when any such default or Event of Default shall occur, and any moneys thereafter paid
into the sinking fund, shall, during the continuance of such default or Event of Default, be deemed to have been collected under Article 5
and held for the payment of all such Securities. In case such Event of Default shall have been waived as provided in Section 5.10,
or the default cured on or before the 60th day preceding the sinking fund payment date in any year, such moneys shall thereafter be applied
on such sinking fund payment date in accordance with this Section to the redemption of such Securities.


 


ARTICLE 13


SUBORDINATION OF SECURITIES


 


Section 13.01 Agreement of Subordination.
The Issuer covenants and agrees, and each holder of Securities issued hereunder by its acceptance thereof likewise covenants and agrees,
that all Securities shall be issued subject to the provisions of this Article 13; and each Securityholder, whether upon original
issue or upon transfer or assignment thereof, accepts and agrees to be bound by such provisions.


 


The payment of the principal of and interest on
all Securities issued hereunder shall, to the extent and in the manner hereinafter set forth, be subordinated and subject in right of
payment to the prior payment in full of all Senior Indebtedness of the Issuer, whether outstanding at the date of this Indenture or thereafter
incurred.


 


The provisions of this Article 13 define the
subordination of the Securities, as obligations of the Issuer, with respect to Senior Indebtedness of the Issuer.


 


No provision of this Article 13 shall prevent
the occurrence of any default or Event of Default hereunder.


 


Section 13.02 Payments to Securityholders.
In the event and during the continuation of any default in the payment of principal, premium, interest or any other payment due on
any Senior Indebtedness of the Issuer continuing beyond the period of grace, if any, specified in the instrument or lease evidencing such
Senior Indebtedness of the Issuer, then, unless and until such default shall have been cured or waived or shall have ceased to exist,
no payment shall be made by the Issuer with respect to the principal of or interest on the Securities, except sinking fund obligations
satisfied by credit of acquired Securities under Section 12.05 prior to the happening of such default and payments made pursuant
to Article 10 hereof from monies deposited with the Trustee pursuant thereto prior to the happening of such default.


 






    38


     


    




 


Upon any payment by the Issuer, or distribution
of assets of the Issuer of any kind or character, whether in cash, property or securities, to creditors upon any dissolution or winding-up
or liquidation or reorganization of the Issuer, whether voluntary or involuntary or in bankruptcy, insolvency, receivership or other proceedings,
all amounts due or to become due upon all Senior Indebtedness of the Issuer shall first be paid in full, or payment thereof provided for
in money in accordance with its terms, before any payment is made on account of the principal or interest on the Securities (except payments
made pursuant to Article 10 hereof from monies deposited with the Trustee pursuant thereto prior to the happening of such dissolution,
winding-up, liquidation or reorganization); and upon any such dissolution or winding-up or liquidation or reorganization any payment by
the Issuer, or distribution of assets of the Issuer of any kind or character, whether in cash, property or securities, to which the holders
of the Securities or the Trustee would be entitled, except for the provisions of this Article 13, shall (except as aforesaid) be
paid by the Issuer or by any receiver, trustee in bankruptcy, liquidating trustee, agent or other Person making such payment or distribution,
or by the holders of the Securities or by the Trustee under this Indenture if received by them or it, directly to the holders of Senior
Indebtedness of the Issuer (pro rata to such holders on the basis of the respective amounts of Senior Indebtedness of the Issuer held
by such holders, as calculated by the Issuer) or their representative or representatives, or to the trustee or trustees under any indenture
pursuant to which any instruments evidencing any Senior Indebtedness of the Issuer may have been issued, as their respective interests
may appear, to the extent necessary to pay all Senior Indebtedness of the Issuer in full, in money or money’s worth, after giving
effect to any concurrent payment or distribution to or for the holders of Senior Indebtedness of the Issuer, before any payment or distribution
is made to the holders of the Securities or to the Trustee.


 


In the event that, notwithstanding the foregoing,
any payment or distribution of assets of the Issuer of any kind or character, whether in cash, property or securities, prohibited by the
foregoing, shall be received by the Trustee or the holders of the Securities before all Senior Indebtedness of the Issuer is paid in full,
or provision is made for such payment in money in accordance with its terms, such payment or distribution shall be held in trust for the
benefit of and shall be paid over or delivered to the holders of Senior Indebtedness of the Issuer or their representative or representatives,
or to the trustee or trustees under any indenture pursuant to which any instruments evidencing any Senior Indebtedness of the Issuer may
have been issued, as their respective interests may appear, as calculated by the Issuer, for application to the payment of all Senior
Indebtedness of the Issuer remaining unpaid to the extent necessary to pay all Senior Indebtedness of the Issuer in full in money in accordance
with its terms, after giving effect to any concurrent payment or distribution to or for the holders of such Senior Indebtedness.


 


For purposes of this Article 13, the words,
 “cash, property or securities” shall not be deemed to include shares of stock of the Issuer as reorganized or readjusted,
or securities of the Issuer or any other corporation provided for by a plan of reorganization or readjustment, the payment of which is
subordinated at least to the extent provided in this Article 13 with respect to the Securities to the payment of all Senior Indebtedness
of the Issuer which may at the time be outstanding; provided that (i) the Senior Indebtedness of the Issuer is assumed by the new
corporation, if any, resulting from any such reorganization or readjustment, and (ii) the rights of the holders of the Senior Indebtedness
of the Issuer (other than leases) and of leases which are assumed are not, without the consent of such holders, altered by such reorganization
or readjustment.


 


The consolidation of the Issuer with, or the merger
of the Issuer into, another Person or the liquidation or dissolution of the Issuer following the conveyance or transfer of its property
as an entirety, or substantially as an entirety, to another Person upon the terms and conditions provided for in Article 9 hereof
shall not be deemed a dissolution, winding-up, liquidation or reorganization for the purposes of this Section 13.02 if such other
Person shall, as a part of such consolidation, merger, conveyance or transfer, comply with the conditions stated in Article 9 hereof.


 


Section 13.03 Subrogation of Securities.
Subject to the payment in full of all Senior Indebtedness of the Issuer, the rights of the holders of the Securities shall be subrogated
to the rights of the holders of Senior Indebtedness of the Issuer to receive payments or distributions of cash, property or securities
of the Issuer applicable to the Senior Indebtedness of the Issuer until the principal of and interest on the Securities shall be paid
in full; and, for the purposes of such subrogation, no payments or distributions to or for the benefit of the holders of the Senior Indebtedness
of the Issuer or the Trustee of any cash, property or securities to which the holders of the Securities or the Trustee would be entitled
except for the provisions of this Article 13, shall, as between the Issuer, its creditors other than holders of Senior Indebtedness
of the Issuer, and the holders of the Securities, be deemed to be a payment by the Issuer to or on account of the Senior Indebtedness
of the Issuer. It is understood that the provisions of this Article 13 are and are intended solely for the purpose of defining the
relative rights of the holders of the Securities, on the one hand, and the holders of the Senior Indebtedness of the Issuer, on the other
hand.


 






    39


     


    




 


Nothing contained in this Article 13 or elsewhere
in this Indenture or in the Securities is intended to or shall impair, as between the Issuer, its creditors other than the holders of
its Senior Indebtedness, and the holders of the Securities, the obligation of the Issuer, which is absolute and unconditional, to pay
to the holders of the Securities the principal of and interest on the Securities as and when the same shall become due and payable in
accordance with their terms, or is intended to or shall affect the relative rights of the holders of the Securities and creditors of the
Issuer other than the holders of its Senior Indebtedness, nor shall anything herein or therein prevent the Trustee or the holder of any
Security from exercising all remedies otherwise permitted by applicable law upon default under this Indenture, subject to the rights,
if any, under this Article 13 of the holders of Senior Indebtedness of the Issuer in respect of cash, property or securities of the
Issuer received upon the exercise of any such remedy.


 


Upon any payment or distribution of assets of the
Issuer referred to in this Article 13, the Trustee, subject to the provisions of Section 6.01, and the holders of the Securities
shall be entitled to rely upon any order or decree made by any court of competent jurisdiction in which such dissolution, winding-up,
liquidation or reorganization proceedings are pending, or a certificate of the receiver, trustee in bankruptcy, liquidating trustee, agent
or other Person making such payment or distribution, delivered to the Trustee or to the holders of the Securities, for the purpose of
ascertaining the Persons entitled to participate in such distribution, the holders of the Senior Indebtedness and other indebtedness of
the Issuer, the amount thereof or payable thereon, the amount or amounts paid or distributed thereon and all other facts pertinent thereto
or to this Article 13.


 


Section 13.04 Authorization by Securityholders.
Each holder of a Security by its acceptance thereof authorizes and directs the Trustee on its behalf to take such action as may be
necessary or appropriate to effectuate the subordination provided in this Article 13 appoints the Trustee its attorney-in-fact for
any and all such purposes.


 


Section 13.05 Notice to Trustee. The
Issuer shall give prompt written notice to a Responsible Officer of the Trustee of any fact known to the Issuer which would prohibit the
making of any payment of monies to or by the Trustee in respect of the Securities pursuant to the provisions of this Article 13.
Notwithstanding the provisions of this Article 13 or any other provision of this Indenture, the Trustee shall not be charged with
knowledge of the existence of any facts which would prohibit the making of any payment of monies to or by the Trustee in respect of the
Securities pursuant to the provisions of this Article 13, unless and until a Responsible Officer of the Trustee shall have received
written notice thereof at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee from the Issuer or a holder or holders of Senior Indebtedness of the
Issuer or from any trustee therefor; and before the receipt of any such written notice, the Trustee, subject to the provisions of Section 6.01,
shall be entitled in all respects to assume that no such facts exist; provided that if on a date not fewer than three Business
Days prior to the date upon which by the terms hereof any such monies may become payable for any purpose (including, without limitation,
the payment of the principal of or interest on any Security) the Trustee shall not have received, with respect to such monies, the notice
provided for in this Section 13.05, then, anything herein contained to the contrary notwithstanding, the Trustee shall have full
power and authority to receive such monies and to apply the same to the purpose for which they were received, and shall not be affected
by any notice to the contrary which may be received by it on or after such prior date.


 


The Trustee conclusively shall be entitled to rely
on the delivery to it of a written notice by a Person representing himself to be a holder of Senior Indebtedness of the Issuer (or a trustee
on behalf of such holder) to establish that such notice has been given by a holder of Senior Indebtedness of the Issuer or a trustee on
behalf of any such holder or holders. In the event that the Trustee determines in good faith that further evidence is required with respect
to the right of any Person as a holder of Senior Indebtedness of the Issuer to participate in any payment or distribution pursuant to
this Article 13, the Trustee may request such Person to furnish evidence to the reasonable satisfaction of the Trustee as to the
amount of Senior Indebtedness of the Issuer held by such Person, the extent to which such Person is entitled to participate in such payment
or distribution and any other facts pertinent to the rights of such Person under this Article 13, and if such evidence is not furnished
the Trustee may defer any payment to such Person pending judicial determination as to the right of such Person to receive such payment.


 






    40


     


    




 


Section 13.06 Trustee’s Relation
to Senior Indebtedness. The Trustee in its individual capacity shall be entitled to all the rights set forth in this Article 13
in respect of any Senior Indebtedness of the Issuer at any time held by it, to the same extent as any other holder of Senior Indebtedness
of the Issuer and nothing elsewhere in this Indenture shall deprive the Trustee of any of its rights as such holder.


 


With respect to the holders of Senior Indebtedness
of the Issuer, the Trustee undertakes to perform or to observe only such of its covenants and obligations as are specifically set forth
in this Article 13, and no implied covenants or obligations with respect to the holders of Senior Indebtedness of the Issuer shall
be read into this Indenture against the Trustee. The Trustee shall not be deemed to owe any fiduciary duty to the holders of Senior Indebtedness
of the Issuer and the Trustee shall not be liable to any holder of Senior Indebtedness of the Issuer if it shall pay over or deliver to
holders of Securities, the Issuer or any other Person money or assets to which any holder of Senior Indebtedness of the Issuer shall be
entitled by virtue of this Article 13 or otherwise.


 


Section 13.07 No Impairment of Subordination.
No right of any present or future holder of any Senior Indebtedness of the Issuer to enforce subordination as herein provided shall
at any time in any way be prejudiced or impaired by any act or failure to act on the part of the Issuer or by any act or failure to act,
in good faith, by any such holder, or by any noncompliance by the Issuer with the terms, provisions and covenants of this Indenture, regardless
of any knowledge thereof which any such holder may have or otherwise be charged with.


 


Section 13.08 Rights of Trustee. Nothing
in this Article 13 shall apply to claims of or payments to, the Trustee pursuant to Section 6.06.


 


[Signature pages follow]


 






    41


     


    

 


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Indenture to
be duly executed as of ______.


 


 








	 	

    VOYAGER THERAPEUTICS, INC.

	 	 
	 	 
	 	By:	 
	 	 	Name:
	 	 	Title:
	 	 
	 	 

    Attest:

	 	 
	 	 
	 	By:	 
	 	 	Name:
	 	 	Title:
	 	 
	 	 
	 	

    _____________, Trustee

	 	 
	 	 
	 	By:	 
	 	 	Name:
	 	 	Title: