Version 4.1

DEVELOPMENT REPORT

May 2006

Prepared for:

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards

Research Triangle Park, NC 27711

Prepared by:

E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc.

5528-B Hempstead Way

Springfield, VA 22151

Pechan Report No. 06.05.002/9011.002
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Although under development for many years, AirControlNET Version 4.1 was completed for the

Innovative Strategies and Economics Group (ISEG) under EPA contract number 68-D-00-283 by

E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc. Larry Sorrels was the EPA project manager. Special thanks to

ISEG staff for providing review and comments as well as to Frank Divita, Jim Wilson, Brian

Eisemann, and Tejas Shah of E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc. for their efforts in the development

of this tool and this user manual.
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CONTENTS

Page

ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ........................................... v

CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION ................................................. 1

A. DEVELOPMENT HISTORY ........................................... 1

B. OVERVIEW OF AirControlNET ........................................ 3

C. HOW THIS REPORT IS ORGANIZED .................................. 4

CHAPTER II.AirControlNET DATABASE DEVELOPMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

A. INPUT DATABASES: EMISSIONS INVENTORY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

B. INPUT DATABASES: CONTROL MEASURE FILES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

C. OVERVIEW OF MEAS_ALL FILE DEVELOPMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

D. NEW DATABASE DESIGN REASONING .............................. 11

E. OVERVIEW OF CONVERTING MEAS_ALL INTO AirControlNET INPUT

FILES ............................................................ 11

F. CALCULATION EXAMPLE ......................................... 16

CHAPTER III. AirControlNET CONTROL MEASURE CONTENT SUMMARIES . . . . . . . 23

CHAPTER IV. REFERENCES ................................................. 43

APPENDIX A: DATA STRUCTURE TABLES .................................. A-1

APPENDIX B: CONTROL MEASURE SUMMARY LIST BY POLLUTANT . . . . . . . . . . B-1

APPENDIX C: ONROAD MOBILE CONTROL MEASURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-1

APPENDIX D: NONROAD MOBILE CONTROL MEASURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-1

APPENDIX E: EXPORTED MEASURES COLUMN DESCRIPTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-1

APPENDIX F: EXTERNAL TOOLS USED TO CREATE AIRCONTROLNET MAPPING

AND GRAPHING CAPABILITIES ............................................. F-1

TABLES AND FIGURES

Table I-1 Number of Control Measures in AirControlNET by Sector and Pollutant . . . . 1

Table II-1 Filenames and Description of the AirControlNET Input Data Files . . . . . . . . 13

Table II-2 Cost Equations Inputs for Each Example Control Measures . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Table II-3 1999 Nationwide Emissions by Pollutant and Sector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Table III-1 Control Measures Currently in AirControlNET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Figure II-1a Modules for Development of Non-EGU Point, EGU, and Area Source Files . 9

Figure II-1b Final Merge of Source Files ...................................... 10

Figure II-2 Overview of Core AirControlNET Database Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
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Figure II-3 Data Relationships of the Tables listed in Table II-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Figure II-4 Example Incremental Calculation for Least Cost Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
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ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

ABS acrylonitrile-butadiene styrene

AF air-to-fuel

AIM architectural and industrial maintenance

BAAQMD Bay Area Air Quality Management District

BARCT best available retrofit control technology

CAA Clean Air Act

CARB California Air Resources Board

CENSARA Central States Air Resource Agencies

CO carbon monoxide

EFIG Emission Factor and Inventory Group

EGU electricity generating units

EPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

ERCAM-VOC Emission Reduction and Cost Analysis Model for Volatile Organic

Compounds

ESP electrostatic precipitator

ETS/CEM Emission Tracking System / Continuous Emissions Monitoring

FBC fluidized bed combustion

FGD flue gas desulfurization

FGR flue gas reburning

FHWA Federal Highway Administration

FIP Federal Implementation Plan

FIPS Federal Information Processing Standard

HAPs hazardous air pollutants

Hg mercury

I/M inspection and maintenance

IC internal combustion

ICI industrial, commercial, and institutional

IR ignition retard

ISEG Innovative Strategies and Economics Group

L-E low-emission

LADCO Lake Michigan Air Directors Consortium

LEA low excess air

LNB xlow-NO burner

LPG liquefied petroleum gas

MACT maximum achievable control technology

MARAMA Mid-Atlantic Regional Air Management Association

MSAs metropolitan statistical areas

MW megawatts

NAAQS National Ambient Air Quality Standards

NAICS North American Industry Classification System

NEI National Emission Inventory
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ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS (continued)

NESCAUM Northeast States for Coordinated Air Use Management

NET National Emission Trends

NGR natural gas reburning

NH3 ammonia

NOx oxides of nitrogen

NSCR non-selective catalytic reduction

NSPS New Source Performance Standards

O&M operating and maintenance

OAQPS Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards

OT oxygen trim

OTC Ozone Transport Commission

Pechan E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc.

PM particulate matter

PM10 particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 10 microns or less

PM2.5 particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 microns or less

RACT reasonably available control technology

REMSAD Regulatory Modeling System for Aerosols and Deposition

SAMI Southern Appalachian Mountains Initiative

SCAQMD South Coast Air Quality Management District

SCC Source Classification Code

SCR selective catalytic reduction

SESARM Southeastern States Air Resource Managers, Inc.

SNCR selective non-catalytic reduction

SO2sulfur dioxide

tpy tons per year

ULNB ultra-low NOx burner

VOCs volatile organic compounds

WESTAR Western States Air Resources Council

WI water injection

WRAP Western Regional Air Partnership
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CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

AirControlNET is a control strategy and costing analysis tool developed by E.H. Pechan &

Associates, Inc. (Pechan) for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to be used in

conducting regulatory impact analyses of air pollution regulations and policies. AirControlNET

is a relational database system in which control technologies are linked to sources within

emissions inventories. It contains a database of control measures and cost information for

x 2 reducing the emissions of criteria pollutants (e.g., oxides of nitrogen [NO ], sulfur dioxide [SO ],

volatile organic compounds [VOCs], particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 10

mic 10 rons or less [PM ], particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 microns or less

2.5 3

[PM ], ammonia [NH ]) as well as carbon monoxide (CO) and mercury (Hg) from point (utility

and non-utility), area, nonroad, and onroad mobile sources as provided in EPA's National

Emission Inventory (NEI). As such, AirControlNET is linked to and dependent upon EPA

emission inventories as a source of emissions data. The control measure data files in

AirControlNET include the control efficiency to calculate emission reductions for that source

and cost data (annual and capital) needed to calculate the total annualized costs of applying the

control measure.

Table I-1 summarizes the number of control measures within AirControlNET for each sector and

pollutant.

Table I-1. Number of Control Measures in AirControlNET by Sector and Pollutant

Major Pollutant Utility

NonUtility Area Onroad Nonroad Total

NH3 0 0 3 0 0 3

NOx 26 411 15 15 8 475

PM 24 152 13 13 0 202

SO2 6 34 1 0 0 41

VOC 0 8 65 5 12 90

Hg 5 0 0 0 0 5

A. DEVELOPMENT HISTORY

Pechan first developed control measure databases for EPA that focused on individual pollutants. 

In the late 1980s, Pechan developed the Emission Reduction and Cost Analysis Model for

Volatile Organic Compounds (ERCAM-VOC) to provide control measures for VOCs. A

companion model wa x x s developed in 1994 (ERCAM-NO ) to provide similar information for NO

control measures. These models were capable of projecting 1990 emissions and costs for all

x

sectors of VOC and NO emitters based upon databases of unique growth and control strategy

applications. They were used together in a wide range of analyses including examining the

national cost and emission reductions associated with the Title I General Preamble, assessing the

impact of control measures beyond Clean Air Act (CAA) requirements in support of ozone and

particulate matter (PM) National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) revisions, and
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analyses of the progress of individual non-attainment areas towards meeting reasonable further

progress requirements.

In the late 1990s, EPA asked Pechan to use ERCAM-like equations and methodologies to develop

databases of emission sources and potential control measures to support the development and

2.5 implementation of the PM and 8-hour Ozone NAAQS, Section 812 Prospective Analysis of the

CAA, and other policies. These databases were used to assist EPA in analyzing the effects of

different standards and/or control strategies. This evaluation forced a movement away from

separate single pollutant databases to a single database containing multiple pollutants, with the

associated control measures, costs, and effectiveness.

By 2001 – after several revisions and updates – the database became known as

AirControlNET–the control measure database for the National Emission Trends (NET)

inventory. However, at that time, AirControlNET consisted of more than a dozen programs. A

significant effort was undertaken to modify these programs into a relational database system. 

Revisions were necessary because: 1) the programs were not user friendly when it came to

updating or adding new control measures, 2) the program logic was difficult to follow since

many of the cost equations were hard-wired into the source code, 3) it was very difficult to

calculate costs and reductions for any new emission inventories, and 4) too many steps were

necessary to process new data.

Today, AirControlNET has evolved into a more user friendly platform and offers new functions

for analyzing different types of cost scenarios. An interface was developed that provides

increased functionality. Pechan also made important program design changes to improve upon

the database input, operations, flexibility, and output generation. These include, but are not

limited, to the following:

1. Facilitate addition or revision of control measure information. This was achieved

by adding all control measure information to data tables used by the program. The

previous version had numerous numeric equations for specific control measure

scenarios hard-wired into the code. These multiple equations were replaced with a

single equation that uses variables related to the control measure databases and

emissions inventory. With this format, control measures can be added or revised

without program changes. Revisions are accomplished by changing input data files.

2. Add flexibility in using different emissions input files. Previous versions of the

AirControlNET programs could only apply control measures to the 1996 NET

inventory. Revised programs now have the ability to use different base emission

input files in order to apply control measures to other years and/or inventories. This

is an important advancement to the system, since it is anticipated that comprehensive

control measure databases will need to be developed for future year inventories.

3. Codified and automated the development of the AirControlNET input database. This

greatly reduces the time needed to process new data or emission estimates. New

versions of the AirControlNET database can now be prepared in a more timely

fashion.
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4. Generate multiple output files to meet specific user needs. AirControlNET can

generate files to meet the individual needs of users ranging from cost inputs for

economic impact modeling or emission reductions for air quality modeling, to

summary files with more general characterization of selected control measures.

These improvements are expected to make this tool better able to meet the needs of policy

analysts and others in conducting control strategy and costing analysis of environmental

regulations or policies.

B. OVERVIEW OF AirControlNET

The core of AirControlNET is a relational database system developed in Visual FoxPro version

7.0 in which control measures are linked to emission sources provided in EPA emissions

inventories. The system contains a database of control measure applicability, efficiency, and cost

x 2 10 2.5 information for reducing the emissions of criteria pollutants (e.g., NO , SO , VOC, PM , PM

with organic carbon and elementa 3, l carbon components) as well as NH CO, and Hg from point

(utility and non-utility), area/nonroad, and onroad mobile sources. The control measure data file

in AirControlNET includes not only the control efficiency and calculated emission reductions as

applied for a particular source, but also estimates the annual and capital costs for application of

the control measure to that specific source.

AirControlNET relies on the control efficiency, throughput, fuel use, and emission factor data

provided in the EPA NEI format to perform cost-related analysis. The control measure

information was obtained by examining the technical and cost data from EPA reports and other

literature sources. As indicated in Table I-1, AirControlNET currently contains information on

several hundred different control measure/source combinations. The control data is accessed

through a Cost POD, which is linked to sources by Source Classification Code (SCC), as

described in Appendix A of the AirControlNET Documentation Report (Pechan, 2006).

AirControlNET was developed as a Visual FoxPro Application. The user, however, does not

need Visual FoxPro to run this tool, as all supporting data files are transferred to the user's

computer during installation. The minimum system requirements for installation and operation

of AirControlNET include: 1) Windows 98, Windows 2000, or Windows XP; 2) CPU Speed =

233 MHZ,; 3) RAM = 64 MB; 4) Hard Drive Free Space = 650 MB; and 5) Display - Mode

VGA/Colors = 256/Resolution = 800 x 600. A CD-ROM drive is required to install the software

from an installation CD-ROM. The minimum requirements stated above include those required

for the version 4.1 tool and the 1999 control measure dataset distributed with the tool. They do

not include additional hard drive free space that would be needed if additional control measure

datasets were loaded into the tool. Typical national datasets require between 200-300 MB of

additional hard drive space per dataset.

In addition to Visual FoxPro, the AirControlNET application uses two supplementary software

products to create the mapping and graphing capabilities within the tool. The first is Graphics

Server (www.graphicsserver.com) which is used to automate the creation of customizable plots

within the least cost module. The second is Scalable Vector Graphic (SVG)
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(www.adobe.com/svg/main.html) is used to provide the mapping capabilities within

AirControlNET.

C. HOW THIS REPORT IS ORGANIZED

The remainder of this report contains the following two chapters and four appendices:

Chapter II. AirControlNET Database Development: This chapter details the development

of the relational database that serves as the core of this tool, i.e., merged database matching

of appropriate control measures to emission sources within an EPA inventory.

Chapter III. AirControlNET Control Measure Content Summaries: This chapter provides a

listing of the control measures currently in AirControlNET.

Appendix A. Database Structures for control measure data sets: This appendix provides

tables with the database structures of these key databases.

Appendix B. Control Measure Summary List By Pollutant: This appendix provides a

listing of control measures sorted by pollutant that includes details such as other affected

pollutants, control efficiency, and cost-effectiveness.

Appendix C. Onroad Mobile Control Measure Development: This appendix documents

the onroad mobile source control measures in AirControlNET.

Appendix D. Non-road Control Measure Development: This appendix documents the

nonroad mobile source control measures in AirControlNET.

Appendix E. Database Structures for the control measure exports with column descriptions

This appendix provides tables with the database structures of these key databases.

Appendix F. External Software Tools: This appendix describes the 3 party software

rd

products used within the AirControlNET application to create the AirControlNET mapping

and graphing capabilities.
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CHAPTER II

AirControlNET DATABASE DEVELOPMENT

This chapter provides information on the development of the control measure databases that

serve as the core of AirControlNET. It includes information on the database inputs (emission

inventories and control measures), file development procedures, and data conversion routines.

A. INPUT DATABASES: EMISSIONS INVENTORY

AirControlNET provides control measure data applied to several EPA emission databases. This

section provides an overview of these emissions inventories.

EPA’ s Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards (OAQPS) prepares a national database of

air emissions information called the NEI with input from numerous State and local air agencies,

Tribes, and industry. The NEI contains information on pollutant emissions from stationary and

mobile sources for criteria air pollutants and their precursors, as well as hazardous air pollutants

(HAPs). The NEI includes annual emission estimates for all sources of air pollutants across all

50 States and the District of Columbia. Emission estimates for individual point sources

(facilities), as well as county-level estimates for area, nonroad, and onroad mobile and other

sources are included.

The main focus of AirControlNET is criteria air pollutants for which EPA has set ambient

health-based standards (http://www.epa.gov/air/urbanair/6poll.html). Four of the six criteria

po x 2 llutants are included in the NEI database. These are CO, NO , SO , and primary particulate

matter (PM10 2.5 3 and PM ). In addition, the NEI includes emissions of VOCs and NH . Ozone,

which is one of the x six criteria air pollutants, is created by a chemical reaction between NO and

VOC in the presence of heat and sunlight. 

Three general classifications of air pollution sources are contained in the NEI. These are point

sources, area sources, and mobile sources.

• Point sources are stationary sources of emissions, such as an electric power plant,

that can be identified by name and location. A point source emits a threshold amount

(or more) of at least one criteria pollutant, and must be inventoried and reported by

the States. Applicability limits for States reporting a facility as a point source at the

time the NEI databases were prepared were for any point source with actual

emissions greater than or equal to any one of the following levels: 100 tons per year

x 10

(tpy) for sulfur oxides, NO , VOC, and PM ; 1,000 tpy for CO; and 5 tpy for lead

(FR, 2002). Many States also inventory and report data to EPA for stationary sources

that emit amounts below the thresholds for each pollutant. Point sources are often

broken up into two categories, Electricity Generating Units (EGU) or utilities and

Non-Electricity Generating Units (non-EGU). For EGUs, emissions data are based

on EPA's Emission Tracking System / Continuous Emissions Monitoring Data

(ETS/CEM). For non-EGUs, emissions data are based on reported State data or

older inventories in instances where no recent State data was submitted. 
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• Area sources are small point sources, such as gas stations or dry cleaners, or

distributed stationary sources, such as wildfires or agricultural tilling. These sources

do not individually produce sufficient emissions to qualify as a point source. For

example, a single dry cleaner within a county will typically not qualify as a point

source, but collectively the emissions from all of the dry cleaning facilities in a

county may be significant, and therefore are included in aggregate at the county level

within the emissions inventory. For these sources, emissions data are most often

based on reported State data and supplemented by EPA estimates for some sources,

and older inventories where no State is available.

• Mobile sources are any vehicle or equipment with a gasoline or diesel engine. These

include both onroad vehicles (cars and trucks) and nonroad (tractors, lawn mowers,

airplanes, and ships) vehicles and equipment. Mobile source emissions are usually

estimated at the county level. For onroad mobile sources, emissions data are based

on the Federal Highway Administration's (FHWA) estimate of vehicle miles traveled

and emission factors from EPA's MOBILE Model (EPA, 2002a). For non-road mn

mobile sources, emissions data are based on EPA's NONROAD Model (EPA, 2003).

Please refer to http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/net/index.html for background and additional

information on national emissions inventories including current and future NEI data. Also note

that many of the quality assurance checks done on the emissions inventories are completed by the

Emission Factor and Inventory Group (EFIG) within EPA’s OAQPS. EFIG staff check to ensure

that identifiers, such as Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) and SCC, are correct and

that inventory data are within acceptable ranges.

AirControlNET 4.1 offers flexibility of loading the baseline and user modified emissions data for

emission reduction and cost evaluation of control strategies. These data sets have to be in

specific defined input format to be loaded into AirControlNET.

As currently configured, AirControlNET can not accept emissions inventory files directly and it

is not currently possible for someone to configure an emissions inventory for direct use in

AirControlNET. However, if an AirControlNET user is able to provide their emissions data to

EPA in the correct flat file format, it is relatively easy for EPA to run the pre-processing software

to create a new control measure dataset which can be subsequently imported into the Tool. As

described below, the required format by AirControlNET's pre-processing programs is a flat file

format.

EPA' s Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards prepares a national database of air

emissions information called the National Emissions Inventory (NEI) with input from numerous

State and local air agencies, Tribes, and industry. The NEI database is in a defined format called

NEI Format version 3 (i.e. NIF3). The detail of this format is provided at

http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/nif/nif3.html. The data files found at this link provide the field

naming convention and data expectations of AirControlNET.

As the required format of AirControlNET's pre-processing program is loosely based on the NIF3

format, the first step to performing this process is to convert the from the EPA's NIF3 emissions
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data format into a flat file format used by the AirControlNET pre-processor. The conversion to

the flat file can be done using database query commands. The required data structures will be

provided by EPA upon request.

As currently configured, control measure dataset for Onroad sources are created offline using

EPA's Mobile 6.2 emissions model. Onroad control measure dataset are available for the entire

country for 1996, 1999, 2001, 2007, 2010, and 2015.

B. INPUT DATABASES: CONTROL MEASURE FILES

AirControlNET includes control measure and applicability information that are organized and

linked by Cost POD. A Cost POD is a group of source types, as defined by SCCs, which have

similar emission characteristics, control techniques, and control costs. A Cost POD may have

one or several control strategies (which consist of control options, efficiency, and cost

information). All of the emission reduction and control cost calculations are performed at the

Cost POD level as the Cost POD is the data key used to link the control applicability information

through the POD/SCC Crosswalk. The source applicability calculations are performed in a preprocessing program that is external to AirControlNET and the details of these calculations are

not included there. The control measure data sets used with the AirControlNET tool have this

applicability built in to them, by design. The source applicability information (i.e., connection

between Cost POD and SCC) for each control measure is defined in the documentation of each

control measure. The details can be found in Pechan, 2006.

Information for each control measure has been carefully collected and reported to the EPA

through separate reports for various sectors (i.e., area/nonroad, utility and non-utility point,

onroad mobile). Important aspects of each control measure, such as application, functionality,

cost and control efficiencies were reported at the time of analysis. In addition to the various

reports, all the control measure information is outlined in a 2005 report called the

AirControlNET Volume III: AirControlNET, Version 4.1, Control Measure Documentation

Report (Pechan, 2006). Many of the costs for the controls were derived using information from

the EPA Control Cost Manual (EPA, 2002b).

AirControlNET calculates costs by three different methods: using a dollar per ton of pollutant

emission reduced, using an equation, or both. Most of the control cost information within this

tool has been developed as cost per ton inputs. This can be attributed to the data requirements

for estimation based on equations and the fact that parameters used in other costing methods may

not be readily available or broadly representative across sources within the inventory. The

costing equations used in AirControlNET require either plant capacity or stack flow to determine

annual, capital and/or O&M costs. Capital costs are converted to annual costs, in dollars per ton,

using the capital recovery factor. The capital recovery factor incorporates the interest rate and

equipment life (in years) of the control equipment. Control measure costs identified as "both"

use equations unless plant capacity or stack flow data is incomplete in the EPA emission

inventories. In that case, a default dollar per ton of pollutant reduced value is applied. Detailed

documentation for all costing methods is provided in AirControlNET Volume III: Control

Measures Documentation (Pechan, 2006) along with descriptions of control measures and

emission reductions.
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AirControlNET 4.1 allows users to modify some parameters of control measures to perform

sensitivity analysis. To prevent ambiguous results, quality assurance of modified parameters is 

done by allowing user to modify parameters only within certain ranges. Error messages are

reported to users and control measures with errors cannot be saved by the user. Sensitivity

analysis results can be seen on-the-fly, as well as, permanent emissions datafile with modified

controls can be made with AirControlNET 4.1.

AirControlNET 4.1 also allows users to add mobile controls through that Mobile Measures Tool. 

This tool does not allow users to add duplicate controls to AirControlNET and allows creation of

new data sets with new Mobile controls. These data set can be used by Control Scenario Module

(CSM), Least Cost Module (LCM) and reporting module. 

C. OVERVIEW OF MEAS_ALL FILE DEVELOPMENT

Figure II-1 provides an overview of the two-step automated process that creates the control

measure data file required by AirControlNET. Each of the modules requires two inputs: 1) an

emissions inventory, 2) control measure information, and applicability information as described

above. 

The first step, as shown in Figure II-1a, involves the main program “make_meas_all.prg” that

runs three separate module for each of the three major sectors: non-utility point sources, utility

sources, and area sources. Each of the three modules uses a flat file format of the NEI inventory

as the starting point for the process. The three modules contain the coding necessary to link the

control measure data as described above (i.e., control measure, control efficiency, costs, and

applicability) into the EPA emission inventories. The Cost POD data field serves as the linkage

between the emissions inventory and the control measure information. As noted above, this link

is performed external to AirControlNET. Control measure reductions and costs are estimated

within each module using control efficiency, capital cost, operating and maintance costs. Please

note that the on-road mobile and nonroad sources are processed independently as detailed in

Appendix C and D, respectively.

In the second step of the MEAS_ALL file development process, as shown in Figure II-1b, the

output files from each of the three module are merged with each other and the two mobile source

data files thereby creating the control measure data file named meas_all.dbf. A detailed

description of the structure and contents of meas_all.dbf is provided in Appendix A.

As part of this development process, Pechan conducts several quality assurance/quality control

checks for each of the major sector pollutant modules used to develop the AirControlNET

database. Most of these checks determine whether the emissions inventory data are in acceptable

ranges. Examples of fields that are checked for valid ranges include control efficiencies of

current controls, stack flow rates, and capacities. Rule effectiveness, rule penetration and control

efficiency are checked to ensure that they are in percentage format (e.g., 95 instead of 0.95). 

Rule effectiveness is set to a default value of 100 percent for values listed as 0 percent. Boiler

design capacity and stackflow are checked to ensure the proper units (megawatts [MW] and

cubic feet per minute, respectively). The pollutant modules also check for unreasonable control 
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Figure II-1a. Modules for Development of Non-EGU Point, EGU, and Area Source Files
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Figure II-1b. Final Merge of Source Files
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efficiency values and reset them to appropriate values. The maximum control efficiencies are 95

percent for NOx 2 , 99 percent for VOC, 99.99 percent for SO , 99.5 percent for PM and secondary

organic aerosol control efficiency values must be equal to VOC control efficiencies.

D. NEW DATABASE DESIGN REASONING

The previous release of AirControlNET contains more than 1.5 GB of data. In 2004 Pechan was

tasked with adding three years to AirControlNET which would have doubled the size of the

current data set. Redesigning the database structure significantly cut the size of the files and

allows for improved AirControlNET functionality.

When AirControlNET was first designed, the data set was small compared to the present. 

Because of this, a database design that required one flat file to be implemented was selected

which sacrificed disk space for the fastest return of results. As time progressed, more data was

added to the initial data set.

Pechan therefore implemented a new design that reduces the size of repeated information but

retains a familiar structure so that frequently used data is quickly accessed. Implementing the

new database design required application wide changes to the code, but drastically improved the

space consumption of the AirControlNET files as well as eliminate current ambiguities in the

code.

E. OVERVIEW OF CONVERTING MEAS_ALL INTO AirControlNET

INPUT FILES

With the advent of the new database design, AirControlNET input files are grouped into data sets

that represent a base or modified emission year. Each data set consists of 14 table files and two

index files which can be joined together to produce identical output as previous versions of

AirControlNET.

Figure II-2 provides the process by which the meas_all_<year> database (e.g.,

meas_all_1996.dbf) is converted into an AirControlNET data set. As shown, this process

involves two separate programs (i.e., acn_CalculateIncrementalData.prg and

acn_CreateDSFromMeasall.prg) that serve to reformat data and add information in order to

develop the data set files for AirControlNET. Table II-1 lists the file names of the

AirControlNET input data tables. Figure II-3 shows the data relationships of the tables listed in

Table II-1. The primary data keys are labeled as PK in Figure II-3.

The program acn_CalculateIncrementalData.prg:

• takes the unmodified meas_all_<year>.dbf as an input.
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Figure II-2. Overview of Core AirControlNET Database Development
PECHAN May 2006

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Table II-1. Filenames and Description of the AirControlNET Input Data Files

FILE NAME Description

tacn_Keys_<data set name>.DBF Main key table. Links to all data set tables.

tacn_Keys_<data set name>.CDX Key index file.

tacn_Emissions_<data set name>.DBF Emission and cost table.

tacn_Emissions_<data set name>.CDX Emission and cost index file.

tacn_Effectiveness_<data set name>.DBF Control Efficiency and Rule Effectiveness table.

tacn_Keys_IgnorePollutant_<data set name>.DBF Indicates which keys should be ignored.

tacn_Keys_MaxtPollutant_<data set name>.DBF Indicates which keys are Maxt rows.

tacn_Keys_RemsadTotals_<data set name>.DBF REMSAD Totals for each key.

tlacn_geographic_<data set name>.DBF Geographic lookup table. Contains State, county,

and msa information.

tlacn_meas_<data set name>.DBF Measure lookup table.

tlacn_SCCSector_<data set name>.DBF SCC and Sector lookup table.

tlacn_sic2_<data set name>.DBF Sic2 lookup table.

tlacn_sic4naics3_<data set name>.DBF Sic4 and Naics3 lookup table.

tlacn_plant_<data set name>.DBF Plant lookup table.

tlacn_point_<data set name>.DBF Point lookup table.

tlacn_stack_<data set name>.DBF Stack lookup table.

tlacn_segment_<data set name>.DBF Segment lookup table.
PECHAN May 2006

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Figure II-3. Data Relationships of the Tables listed in Table II-1
PECHAN May 2006

 The REMSAD sector key and key are required for the development of a Control Factor File which serves as the required input to the

1

REMSAD-ST air quality model. The REMSAD sector key indicates either an Area (A) or Point (P) source. The REMSAD key is a character

identifier containing FIPS State, FIPS County, 5 characters of Plant ID (for point sources), and SCC. Please refer to the AirControlNET User

Manual for more details on the development of input scripts for use in REMSAD-ST.

Document No. 06.05.002/9011.002 15 Report

• adds four fields for each pollutant:

• incremental pollutant

• percent reduction pollutant

• delete pollutant flag

• maximum pollutant flag.

(NOTE: The values of these additional fields are also determined within this program. The delete pollutant flag indicates

whether or not the controls make sense in terms of cost-effectiveness criteria (i.e., it flags control/source records if they cost more

than other controls which give higher emissions reductions.)

• calculates the maximum control values, percent emissions reductions, incremental costs

and emissions reductions.

The program acn_CreateDSFromMeasall.prg: 

• takes the modified version of meas_all_<year> database that results from the first step as

an input.

• removes records with total emissions of less than 0.1 tons (over all the pollutants)

• reformats certain fields

• optimizes the flat file by splitting it into the 16 data set files.

• the pollutant value fields are changed to contain three characters instead of one (e.g., NOX

instead of N)

• the following data fields are added:

• measure name

• measure description

• source name

• North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) code

• NAICS description

• regional flag fields

• Regulatory Modeling System for Aerosols and Deposition (REMSAD) sector key

• REMSAD key.1

The regional flag fields include the following:

MSA - This field lists the Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs). The MSA field includes

metropolitan and consolidated areas. Further information on MSA definitions can be

obtained from the U.S. Census Bureau website at

http://www.census.gov/population/www/estimates/metroarea.html.
PECHAN May 2006

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WRAP - Western Regional Air Partnership (http://www.wrapair.org)

WESTAR - Western States Air Resources Council (http://www.westar.org)

LADCO - Lake Michigan Air Directors Consortium (http://www.ladco.org)

NESCAUM - Northeast States for Coordinated Air Use Management

(http://www.nescaum.org)

MARAMA - Mid-Atlantic Regional Air Management Association

(http://www.marama.org)

OTC - Ozone Transport Commission (http://www.otcair.org)

CENSARA - Central States Air Resource Agencies (http://www.censara.org)

SESARM - Southeastern States Air Resource Managers, Inc.

(http://www.metro4-sesarm.org/sesarm.asp)

SAMI - Southern Appalachian Mountains Initiative (http://www.tva.gov/sami/)

NERC - North American Electric Reliability Council (http://www.nerc.com)

F. CALCULATION EXAMPLE

The core of AirControlNET is a relational database system developed in Visual FoxPro version

7.0 in which control measures are linked to emission sources provided in EPA emissions

inventories. The system also contains a database of control measure applicability, efficiency, and

cos x 2 t information for reducing the emissions of criteria pollutants (e.g., NO , SO , VOC, PM, PM

with organic carbon and elementa 3l carbon components) as well as NH , CO, and Hg from point

(utility and non-utility), area/nonroad, and onroad mobile sources.

The control measure information was obtained by examining the technical and cost data from

EPA reports and other literature sources. In addition to the various reports, all the control

measure information is outlined in a 2005 report called the AirControlNET Volume III:

AirControlNET, Version 4.1, Control Measure Documentation Report (Pechan, 2006). Many of

the costs for the controls were derived using information from the EPA Control Cost Manual

(EPA, 2002b).

These controls are assigned to specific sources (i.e., plant/point/segment) using SCC as the key. 

In AirControlNET, control measure applicability information are organized and linked by Cost

POD. A Cost POD is a group of source types, as defined by SCCs, which have similar emission

characteristics, control techniques, and control costs. A Cost POD may have one or several

control strategies (which consist of control options, efficiency, and cost information). All of the

emission reduction and control cost calculations are performed at the Cost POD level. The Cost

POD is used to link the control applicability information through the POD/SCC Crosswalk.
PECHAN May 2006

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The control measure data file in AirControlNET includes not only the control efficiency and

calculated emission reductions as applied for a particular source, but also estimates the annual

and capital costs for application of the control measure to that specific source.

AirControlNET relies on the control efficiency, throughput, fuel use, and emission factor data

provided in the EPA NEI format to perform cost-related analysis. The control data is accessed

through a Cost POD, which is linked to sources by SCC, as described in Appendix A of the

AirControlNET Documentation Report (Pechan, 2006).

In the least-cost module, when multiple controls are applied to the same source (i.e., plant/point/

segment), incremental calculations are performed as described below.

The first step for least cost calculation is to sort all applicable controls in increasing order of

$/ton number. They are sorted on an incremental cost $ per incremental reduction basis.

Consider following filtering criteria for least cost module query:

Inventory year: 1999

Cost Year: 1999

Pollutant: NOx

% Reduction: 100 

State: North Caroline (37)

County: Chatham Co. (37037)

Sector: All utility & nonutility points

Consider following boiler as an example: 

Plant: CP&L CAPE FEAR PLANT

Plantid: 0063

Pointid: 6

Annual emissions from the boiler are 3086.3 tons

Applicable controls for the boiler are as follows:

1. Combustion Optimization (CE = 20%) (In Figure II-4, Record No: 2)

2. LNC1 (CE = 33.1%) (In Figure II-4, Record No: 3)

3. LNC3 (CE = 53.1%) (In Figure II-4, Record No: 4)

4. SCR (CE = 90%) (In Figure II-4, Record No: 9)

Incremental reduction for Combustion Optimization (CE = 20%) is calculated as follows:

Incremental reduction for Combustion Optimization = 3086.3 x 0.2 = 617.3 tons

Total Reduction = 617.3 tons

Incremental reduction for LNC1 (CE = 33.1%) is calculated as follows: 

Incremental reduction for LNC1 = 3086.3 x 0.331- 617.3 = 404.3 tons
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Total reduction = 1021.6 tons

Incremental reduction for LNC3 (CE - 53.1%) is calculated as follows:

Incremental reduction from LNC3 = 3086.3 x 0.531 - 1021.6 = 617.3 tons

Total reduction = 1638.9 tons

Incremental reduction for SCR (CE - 90%) is calculated as follows:

Incremental reduction from SCR = 3086.3 x 0.9 - 1638.9 = 1138.8 tons

Total reduction = 2777.7 tons

Figure II-4. Example Incremental Calculation for Least Cost Module

So if SCR control is required to reach to target reduction, the incremental reduction (1138.8 tons)

from SCR is added to cumulative reduction and total reduction for SCR is 2777.7 tons and

selected control will be SCR.

The most stringent control applied to a source is the actual control for the source. The output

results of Least Cost Module give maximum applicable controls for a source required to reach to

specified reduction target on least cost basis. In the Least Cost Module database grid, maximum

controls for the source are highlighted. 
PECHAN May 2006

Document No. 06.05.002/9011.002 19 Report

In the least cost module, cost calculation is done in similar way as reduction. As the control gets

selected by the Least Cost Module, its incremental cost is added to the cumulative cost and total

cumulative cost to calculate the cost of controls to achieve the desired reductions. An average

cost per ton is the ratio of total cost and total reduction.

In the above example, cost of Combustion Optimization control measure was calculated using

cost information of $50 / ton of pollutant reduced. Cost of LNC1, LNC3 and SCR control

measures was calculated using cost equations as described in Pechan, 2006. These cost

equations and input variables are listed below. Table II-2 provides the input parameters used in

the cost equations. These can be found for each control measure can also be found in At-AGlance tables for the Source Category: Utility Boiler - Coal/Tangential in Pechan’s 2006 report

called the AirControlNET Volume III: AirControlNET Control Measure Documentation Report

(see Pechan, 2006).

Cost Equations Inputs:

Nameplate Capacity: netdc in MW

Total Capital Cost: TCC in $ per KW

Scaling Factor Numerator: sfn in MW

Scaling Factor Exponential: sfe 

Scaling Factor (SF) = (sfn / netdc)^sfe 

Capital Cost:

Capital Cost (CC) (For netdc < Threshold Capacity in MW) = TCC * netdc * 1000 * SF

Capital Cost (CC) (For netdc > Threshold Capacity in MW) = TCC * netdc * 1000

Operating & Maintenance (O&M):

Fixed O&M: omf in $ per KW per year

Variable O&M: omv in $ mills per KW-hr

Capacity Factor: capfac

O&M = (omf * netdc * 1000) + ( omv * netdc * 1000 * capfac * 8760 / 1000) 

Equipment Life: Equiplife in years

interest rate: I in %

Capital Recovery Factor: CRF = [i * (1 +i) ^Equiplife] / [((1 + i)^Equiplife) - 1] 

Total Cost = (CRF * CC) + O&M
PECHAN May 2006

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Table II-2 Cost Equations Inputs for Each Example Control Measures

Parameter LNC1 LNC3 SCR

omf ($ per KW per year) 0.14 0.22 0.66

omv (mills per KW -hr) 0 0.02 0.6

sfn 300 300 243

sfe 0.359 0.359 0.270

capfac 0.85 0.85 0.65

Equipment Life (years) 15 15 20

TCC 9.1 14.5 100

Threshold Capacity 500 500 600

For Combustion Optimization: 

Total Annualized Cost = Tons Reduced * Cost per ton = 617.3 tons * $50 / ton = $30,863

Netdc of the example boiler = 182.298 MW

Interest Rate = 7%

For SCR:

Total Capital Cost = $ 100 /KW

Scaling Factor: SF = (243 / 182.298 ) ^0.27 = 1.081

Capital Cost (for netdc < 600 MW )

CC = TCC * netdc * 1000 * SF 

 = 100 * 182.298 * 1000 * 1.081

 = $19,700,828 

Operating & Maintenance (O&M) Cost: 

O&M Cost = (omf * netdc * 1000) + (omv * netdc * 1000 * capfac * 8760 / 1000)

 = (0.66 * 182.298 * 1000) + (0.6 * 182.298 * 1000 * 0.65 * 8760 / 1000)

 = $ 743,119

Capital Recovery Factor: 

 CRF = [i * (1 + i)^Equiplife] / [((1 + i)^Equiplife) - 1]

 = [0.07 * (1 + 0.07)^20] / [((1 + 0.07)^20) - 1]

 = 0.094393

Total Annual Cost:

 = (CRF * CC) + O&M

 = (0.09439 * 19,700,828) + 743,119

 = $2,602,738 
PECHAN May 2006

Document No. 06.05.002/9011.002 21 Report

Similarly for LNC1 & LNC3:

LNC1:

Scaling Factor: SF = (300 / 182.298 ) ^0.359 = 1.1958

Capital Cost: CC = 9.1 * 182.298 * 1000 * 1.1958 = $1,983,760

O&M Cost: O&M = 0.14 * 182.298 * 1000 + (0 * 182.298 * 1000 * 0.85 * 8760 / 1000)

 = $25,522

Capital Recovery Factor: CRF = [0.07 * (1 + 0.07)^15] / [((1 + 0.07)^15) - 1] = 0.10979

 Total Annual Cost: TC = $1,983,760 * 0.10979 + $25,522 = $ 243,319

LNC3:

Scaling Factor: SF = (300 / 182.298 ) ^0.359 = 1.1958

Capital Cost: CC = 14.5 * 182.298 * 1000 * 1.1958 = $3,160,883

O&M Cost: O&M = 0.22 * 182.298 * 1000 + (0.02 * 182.298 * 1000 * 0.85 * 8760 / 1000)

 = $67,253

Capital Recovery Factor: CRF = [0.07 * (1 + 0.07)^15] / [((1 + 0.07)^15) - 1] = 0.10979

Total Annual Cost: TC = $3,160,883 * 0.10979 + $67,253 = $ 414,307

The control measure data file in AirControlNET includes not only the control efficiency and

calculated emission reductions as applied for a particular source, but also estimates the annual

and capital costs for application of the control measure to that specific source.

AirControlNET relies on the control efficiency, throughput, fuel use, and emission factor data

provided in the EPA NEI format to perform cost-related analysis. As indicated in Table III-1,

AirControlNET currently contains information on several hundred different control

measure/source combinations. The control data is accessed as described in Appendix A of the

AirControlNET Documentation Report (Pechan, 2006).

Total Controllable Tons:

In Least Cost Module, total controllable tons are defined as the sum of emissions from sources

(i.e., plant/point/segment) that have been controlled within AirControlNET and selected for the

specified query criteria.

For 1999 emissions inventory, nationwide total controllable tons for each pollutant by sector are

listed in Table II-3.

Table II-3. 1999 Nationwide Emissions by Pollutant and Sector

Area Onroad Point

Pollutant

Uncontrolled

Emissions

Controlled

Emissions

Uncontrolled

Emissions

Controlled

Emissions

Uncontrolled

Emissions

Controlled

Emissions

VOC 10,812,750 5,459,791 5,564,026 5,564,026 2,061,167 99,820

NOx 7,767,324 4,425,712 8,470,270 8,470,270 9,037,572 6,579,473

SO2 2,226,341 192,671 322,189 322,189 16,297,280 1,668,378

PM 5,869,957 4,557,568 188,328 188,328 673,288 310,873

NH3 4,507,679 3,518,580 265,533 265,533 195,345 0
PECHAN May 2006

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Consider following filtering criteria as an example for Least Cost Module query:

State: North Carolina (37)

County: Chatham Co. (37037)

Pollutant: NOx

Cost per ton: All

Target Reductions: 100%

Sector: All Point sources (i.e., EGUs and NEGUs)

Cost Year: 1999

Inventory year: 1999

Following control summary results are obtained for the query.

Total Controllable Tons = 5,420 tons

Tons Reduced = 4,870 tons

When Percentage Reduction target is defined to say 50 percent, target reduction is calculated to

50 percent of total available reductions (i.e., 4,870 tons). So reduction target in absolute tons

would be 2,436 tons. Due to the discrete nature of control reductions, tons reduced would be

equal to or greater than 2,436 tons. Actual reductions achieved for 50 percent target reduction

are 2,847 tons.

The most stringent control applied to a source is the actual control for the source. The output

results of Least Cost Module give maximum applicable controls for a source required to reach to

specified reduction target on least cost basis. Most stringent controls for the sources selected by

least cost query are highlighted in the database grid. Only maximum control applied to the

source (i.e., plant/point/segment) is exported to the output file.
PECHAN May 2006

Document No. 06.05.002/9011.002 23 Report

CHAPTER III

AirControlNET CONTROL MEASURE CONTENT SUMMARIES

Since 1997, information for each control measure has been collected and reported to EPA

through separate reports. Important aspects of each control measure, such as application,

functionality, cost and control efficiencies were reported at the time of analysis. In addition to

the various reports, detailed control measure information is provided in a 2006 report called the

AirControlNET Volume III: AirControlNET Control Measure Documentation Report (Pechan,

2006). 

A list of the control measures, by major pollutant and source category, currently in

AirControlNET is provided in Table III-1. Further details of the control measures are provided

in Appendix B, including other affected pollutants, control efficiency and cost effectiveness.
PECHAN May 2006

Document No. 06.05.002/9011.002 24 Report

Table III-1. Control Measures Currently in AirControlNET

Source Category

Major

Pollutant Control Measure Other Pollutant

AREA VOC OTC Consumer Products Rule

AREA VOC OTC MER Rule

AREA VOC OTC Solvent Cleaning Rule

Adhesives - Industrial VOC SCAQMD Rule 1168

Agricultural Burning NOX Seasonal Ban (Ozone Season Daily)

Agricultural Burning PM Bale Stack/Propane Burning OC, EC, PM25

Agricultural Tilling PM Soil Conservation Plans OC, EC, PM25, PM10

Aircraft Surface Coating VOC MACT

Ammonia - Natural Gas - Fired Reformers - Small

Sources

NOX LNB

Ammonia - Natural Gas - Fired Reformers - Small

Sources

NOX LNB + FGR

Ammonia - Natural Gas - Fired Reformers - Small

Sources

NOX OT + WI

Ammonia - Natural Gas - Fired Reformers - Small

Sources

NOX SCR NH3

Ammonia - Natural Gas - Fired Reformers - Small

Sources

NOX SNCR NH3

Ammonia Products; Feedstock Desulfurization - Small

Sources

NOX LNB + FGR

Architectural Coatings VOC AIM Coating Federal Rule

Architectural Coatings VOC OTC AIM Coating Rule

Architectural Coatings VOC South Coast Phase I

Architectural Coatings VOC South Coast Phase II

Architectural Coatings VOC South Coast Phase III

Asphalt Manufacture PM CEM Upgrade and Increased Monitoring Frequency of

Asphalt Manufacture PM Fabric Filter (Mech. Shaker Type) OC, EC, PM25

Asphalt Manufacture PM Fabric Filter (Pulse Jet Type) OC, EC, PM25

Asphalt Manufacture PM Fabric Filter (Reverse-Air Cleaned Type) OC, EC, PM25

Asphalt Manufacture PM Increased Monitoring Frequency (IMF) of PM Control OC, EC

Asphalt Manufacture PM Paper/Nonwoven Filters - Cartridge Collector Type OC, EC, PM25

Asphaltic Conc; Rotary Dryer; Conv Plant - Small

Sources

NOX LNB

Automobile Refinishing VOC CARB BARCT Limits
Table III-1 (continued)

PECHAN May 2006

Source Category

Major

Pollutant Control Measure Other Pollutant

Document No. 06.05.002/9011.002 25 Report

Automobile Refinishing VOC FIP Rule (VOC content & TE)

Automobile Refinishing VOC Federal Rule

Bakery Products VOC Incineration >100,000 lbs bread

Beef Cattle Feedlots PM Watering OC, EC, PM25

Bituminous/Subbituminous Coal (Industrial Boilers) SO2 IDIS

Bituminous/Subbituminous Coal (Industrial Boilers) SO2 SDA

Bituminous/Subbituminous Coal (Industrial Boilers) SO2 Wet FGD

Bituminous/Subbituminous Coal SO2 FGD

By-Product Coke Manufacturing; Oven Underfiring NOX SNCR NH3

By-Product Coke Manufacturing SO2 Vacuum Carbonate Plus Sulfur Recovery Plant

Cattle Feedlots NH3 Chemical Additives to Waste

Cement Kilns NOX Biosolid Injection

Cement Manufacturing - Dry NOX LNB

Cement Manufacturing - Dry NOX Mid-Kiln Firing

Cement Manufacturing - Dry NOX SCR NH3

Cement Manufacturing - Dry NOX SNCR - NH3 Based NH3

Cement Manufacturing - Dry NOX SNCR - Urea Based NH3

Cement Manufacturing - Wet - Large Sources NOX SCR NH3

Cement Manufacturing - Wet - Small Sources NOX SCR NH3

Cement Manufacturing - Wet NOX LNB

Cement Manufacturing - Wet NOX Mid-Kiln Firing

Ceramic Clay Manufacturing; Drying - Small Sources NOX LNB

Chemical Manufacture PM CEM Upgrade and Increased Monitoring Frequency of

Chemical Manufacture PM Increased Monitoring Frequency (IMF) of PM Control OC, EC

Chemical Manufacture PM Wet ESP - Wire Plate Type OC, EC, PM25

Coal Cleaning-Thrml Dryer; Fluidized Bed - Small

Sources

NOX LNB

Coal-fired Plants with Production Capacities>100MW NOX Combustion Optimization

Combustion Turbines - Jet Fuel - Small Sources NOX SCR + Water Injection

Combustion Turbines - Jet Fuel - Small Sources NOX Water Injection

Combustion Turbines - Natural Gas - Large Sources NOX LNB

Combustion Turbines - Natural Gas - Small Sources NOX LNB

Combustion Turbines - Natural Gas - Small Sources NOX SCR + LNB NH3
Table III-1 (continued)

PECHAN May 2006

Source Category

Major

Pollutant Control Measure Other Pollutant

Document No. 06.05.002/9011.002 26 Report

Combustion Turbines - Natural Gas - Small Sources NOX SCR + Steam Injection NH3

Combustion Turbines - Natural Gas - Small Sources NOX SCR + Water Injection

Combustion Turbines - Natural Gas - Small Sources NOX Steam Injection

Combustion Turbines - Natural Gas - Small Sources NOX Water Injection

Combustion Turbines - Oil - Small Sources NOX SCR + Water Injection

Combustion Turbines - Oil - Small Sources NOX Water Injection

Commercial Adhesives VOC CARB Long-Term Limits

Commercial Adhesives VOC CARB Mid-Term Limits

Commercial Adhesives VOC Federal Consumer Solvents Rule

Commercial Institutional Boilers - Coal PM CEM Upgrade and Increased Monitoring Frequency of

Commercial Institutional Boilers - Coal PM Dry ESP-Wire Plate Type OC, EC, PM25

Commercial Institutional Boilers - Coal PM Fabric Filter (Pulse Jet Type) OC, EC, PM25

Commercial Institutional Boilers - Coal PM Fabric Filter (Reverse-Air Cleaned Type) OC, EC, PM25

Commercial Institutional Boilers - Coal PM Increased Monitoring Frequency (IMF) of PM Control OC, EC

Commercial Institutional Boilers - Natural Gas PM Increased Monitoring Frequency (IMF) of PM Control OC, EC

Commercial Institutional Boilers - Oil PM CEM Upgrade and Increased Monitoring Frequency of

Commercial Institutional Boilers - Oil PM Dry ESP-Wire Plate Type OC, EC, PM25

Commercial Institutional Boilers - Oil PM Increased Monitoring Frequency (IMF) of PM Control OC, EC

Commercial Institutional Boilers - Solid Waste PM CEM Upgrade and Increased Monitoring Frequency of

Commercial Institutional Boilers - Solid Waste PM Increased Monitoring Frequency (IMF) of PM Control OC, EC

Commercial Institutional Boilers - Wood/Bark PM Dry ESP-Wire Plate Type OC, EC, PM25

Commercial Institutional Boilers - Wood/Bark PM Fabric Filter (Pulse Jet Type) OC, EC, PM25

Commercial Institutional Boilers - Wood/Bark PM Fabric Filter (Reverse-Air Cleaned Type) OC, EC, PM25

Commercial Institutional Boilers - Wood PM CEM Upgrade and Increased Monitoring Frequency of

Commercial Institutional Boilers - Wood PM Increased Monitoring Frequency (IMF) of PM Control OC, EC

Commercial/Institutional - Natural Gas NOX Water Heater + LNB Space Heaters

Commercial/Institutional - Natural Gas NOX Water Heater Replacement

Commercial/Institutional Incinerators NOX SNCR NH3

Construction Activities PM Dust Control Plan OC, EC, PM25

Consumer Solvents VOC CARB Long-Term Limits

Consumer Solvents VOC CARB Mid-Term Limits

Consumer Solvents VOC Federal Consumer Solvents Rule
Table III-1 (continued)

PECHAN May 2006

Source Category

Major

Pollutant Control Measure Other Pollutant

Document No. 06.05.002/9011.002 27 Report

Conv Coating of Prod; Acid Cleaning Bath - Small

Sources

NOX LNB

Conveyorized Charbroilers PM Catalytic Oxidizer VOC, OC, EC

Conveyorized Charbroilers PM ESP for Commercial Cooking OC, EC

Cutback Asphalt VOC Switch to Emulsified Asphalts

Diesel Locomotives NOX SCR

Electric Generation - Coke PM CEM Upgrade and Increased Monitoring Frequency of

Electric Generation - Coke PM Increased Monitoring Frequency (IMF) of PM Control OC, EC

Electric Generation - Bagasse PM CEM Upgrade and Increased Monitoring Frequency of

Electric Generation - Bagasse PM Increased Monitoring Frequency (IMF) of PM Control OC, EC

Electric Generation - Coal PM CEM Upgrade and Increased Monitoring Frequency of

Electric Generation - Coal PM Increased Monitoring Frequency (IMF) of PM Control OC, EC

Electric Generation - Coal PM Indigo Agglomerator OC, EC, PM10

Electric Generation - Coal PM One plate ESP upgrade OC, EC, PM10

Electric Generation - Coal PM Two plate ESP upgrade OC, EC, PM10

Electric Generation - LPG PM CEM Upgrade and Increased Monitoring Frequency of

Electric Generation - LPG PM Increased Monitoring Frequency (IMF) of PM Control OC, EC

Electric Generation - Liquid Waste PM CEM Upgrade and Increased Monitoring Frequency of

Electric Generation - Liquid Waste PM Increased Monitoring Frequency (IMF) of PM Control OC, EC

Electric Generation - Natural Gas PM CEM Upgrade and Increased Monitoring Frequency of

Electric Generation - Natural Gas PM Increased Monitoring Frequency (IMF) of PM Control OC, EC

Electric Generation - Oil PM CEM Upgrade and Increased Monitoring Frequency of

Electric Generation - Oil PM Increased Monitoring Frequency (IMF) of PM Control OC, EC

Electric Generation - Solid Waste PM CEM Upgrade and Increased Monitoring Frequency of

Electric Generation - Solid Waste PM Increased Monitoring Frequency (IMF) of PM Control OC, EC

Electric Generation - Wood PM CEM Upgrade and Increased Monitoring Frequency of

Electric Generation - Wood PM Increased Monitoring Frequency (IMF) of PM Control OC, EC

Electrical/Electronic Coating VOC MACT

Electrical/Electronic Coating VOC SCAQMD Rule

Fabric Printing, Coating and Dyeing VOC Permanent Total Enclosure (PTE)

Fabricated Metal Products - Abrasive Blasting PM Paper/Nonwoven Filters - Cartridge Collector Type OC, EC, PM25

Fabricated Metal Products - Welding PM Paper/Nonwoven Filters - Cartridge Collector Type OC, EC, PM25

Ferrous Metals Processing - Coke PM CEM Upgrade and Increased Monitoring Frequency of
Table III-1 (continued)

PECHAN May 2006

Source Category

Major

Pollutant Control Measure Other Pollutant

Document No. 06.05.002/9011.002 28 Report

Ferrous Metals Processing - Coke PM Fabric Filter (Mech. Shaker Type) OC, EC, PM25

Ferrous Metals Processing - Coke PM Fabric Filter (Reverse-Air Cleaned Type) OC, EC, PM25

Ferrous Metals Processing - Coke PM Increased Monitoring Frequency (IMF) of PM Control OC, EC

Ferrous Metals Processing - Coke PM Venturi Scrubber OC, EC, PM25

Ferrous Metals Processing - Ferroalloy Production PM CEM Upgrade and Increased Monitoring Frequency of

Ferrous Metals Processing - Ferroalloy Production PM Dry ESP-Wire Plate Type OC, EC, PM25

Ferrous Metals Processing - Ferroalloy Production PM Fabric Filter (Mech. Shaker Type) OC, EC, PM25

Ferrous Metals Processing - Ferroalloy Production PM Fabric Filter (Reverse-Air Cleaned Type) OC, EC, PM25

Ferrous Metals Processing - Ferroalloy Production PM Increased Monitoring Frequency (IMF) of PM Control OC, EC

Ferrous Metals Processing - Gray Iron Foundries PM CEM Upgrade and Increased Monitoring Frequency of

Ferrous Metals Processing - Gray Iron Foundries PM Fabric Filter (Mech. Shaker Type) OC, EC, PM25

Ferrous Metals Processing - Gray Iron Foundries PM Fabric Filter (Reverse-Air Cleaned Type) OC, EC, PM25

Ferrous Metals Processing - Gray Iron Foundries PM Impingement-Plate Scrubber OC, EC, PM25

Ferrous Metals Processing - Gray Iron Foundries PM Increased Monitoring Frequency (IMF) of PM Control OC, EC

Ferrous Metals Processing - Gray Iron Foundries PM Venturi Scrubber OC, EC, PM25

Ferrous Metals Processing - Iron & Steel Production PM CEM Upgrade and Increased Monitoring Frequency of

Ferrous Metals Processing - Iron & Steel Production PM Increased Monitoring Frequency (IMF) of PM Control OC, EC

Ferrous Metals Processing - Iron and Steel Production PM Capture Hood Vented to a Baghouse OC, EC, PM10

Ferrous Metals Processing - Iron and Steel Production PM Dry ESP-Wire Plate Type OC, EC, PM25

Ferrous Metals Processing - Iron and Steel Production PM Fabric Filter (Mech. Shaker Type) OC, EC, PM25

Ferrous Metals Processing - Iron and Steel Production PM Fabric Filter (Pulse Jet Type) OC, EC, PM25

Ferrous Metals Processing - Iron and Steel Production PM Fabric Filter (Reverse-Air Cleaned Type) OC, EC, PM25

Ferrous Metals Processing - Iron and Steel Production PM Secondary Capture and Control System OC, EC, PM10

Ferrous Metals Processing - Iron and Steel Production PM Sinter Cooler OC, EC, PM10

Ferrous Metals Processing - Iron and Steel Production PM Venturi Scrubber OC, EC, PM25

Ferrous Metals Processing - Iron and Steel Production PM Wet ESP - Wire Plate Type OC, EC, PM25

Ferrous Metals Processing - Other PM CEM Upgrade and Increased Monitoring Frequency of

Ferrous Metals Processing - Other PM Increased Monitoring Frequency (IMF) of PM Control OC, EC

Ferrous Metals Processing - Steel Foundries PM CEM Upgrade and Increased Monitoring Frequency of

Ferrous Metals Processing - Steel Foundries PM Fabric Filter (Mech. Shaker Type) OC, EC, PM25

Ferrous Metals Processing - Steel Foundries PM Fabric Filter (Pulse Jet Type) OC, EC, PM25

Ferrous Metals Processing - Steel Foundries PM Fabric Filter (Reverse-Air Cleaned Type) OC, EC, PM25

Ferrous Metals Processing - Steel Foundries PM Increased Monitoring Frequency (IMF) of PM Control OC, EC
Table III-1 (continued)

PECHAN May 2006

Source Category

Major

Pollutant Control Measure Other Pollutant

Document No. 06.05.002/9011.002 29 Report

Ferrous Metals Processing - Steel Foundries PM Venturi Scrubber OC, EC, PM25

Fiberglass Manufacture; Textile-Type; Recuperative

Furnaces

NOX LNB

Flexographic Printing VOC Permanent Total Enclosure (PTE)

Fluid Catalytic Cracking Units - Small Sources NOX LNB + FGR

Fuel Fired Equipment - Process Heaters NOX LNB + FGR

Fuel Fired Equipment; Furnaces; Natural Gas NOX LNB

Glass Manufacturing - Containers NOX Cullet Preheat

Glass Manufacturing - Containers NOX Electric Boost

Glass Manufacturing - Containers NOX LNB

Glass Manufacturing - Containers NOX OXY-Firing

Glass Manufacturing - Containers NOX SCR NH3

Glass Manufacturing - Containers NOX SNCR NH3

Glass Manufacturing - Flat - Large Sources NOX SCR NH3

Glass Manufacturing - Flat - Large Sources NOX SNCR NH3

Glass Manufacturing - Flat - Small Sources NOX SCR NH3

Glass Manufacturing - Flat - Small Sources NOX SNCR NH3

Glass Manufacturing - Flat NOX Electric Boost

Glass Manufacturing - Flat NOX LNB

Glass Manufacturing - Flat NOX OXY-Firing

Glass Manufacturing - Pressed NOX Cullet Preheat

Glass Manufacturing - Pressed NOX Electric Boost

Glass Manufacturing - Pressed NOX LNB

Glass Manufacturing - Pressed NOX OXY-Firing

Glass Manufacturing - Pressed NOX SCR NH3

Glass Manufacturing - Pressed NOX SNCR NH3

Grain Milling PM Fabric Filter (Pulse Jet Type) OC, EC, PM25

Grain Milling PM Fabric Filter (Reverse-Air Cleaned Type) OC, EC, PM25

Grain Milling PM Paper/Nonwoven Filters - Cartridge Collector Type OC, EC, PM25

Graphic Arts VOC Use of Low or No VOC Materials

Highway Vehicles - Gasoline Engine NOX Transportation Control Package CO, NOX

Highway Vehicles - Gasoline Engine PM HDDV Retrofit Program CO, NOX

Highway Vehicles - Gasoline Engine VOC Federal Reformulated Gasoline CO, NOX
Table III-1 (continued)

PECHAN May 2006

Source Category

Major

Pollutant Control Measure Other Pollutant

Document No. 06.05.002/9011.002 30 Report

Highway Vehicles - Heavy Duty Diesel Engines NOX CO, SO2, VOC, PM25, PM10

Highway Vehicles - Heavy Duty Diesel Engines PM CO, SO2, VOC, PM25

Highway Vehicles - Heavy Duty and Diesel-Fueled

Vehicles

NOX CO, SO2, VOC, PM25, PM10

Highway Vehicles - Light Duty Gasoline Engines NOX Enhanced I/M CO, VOC

Highway Vehicles - Light Duty Gasoline Engines VOC Basic I&M CO, NH3, SO2, NOX, PM25,

PM10

Highway Vehicles - Light Duty and Gasoline-Fueled

Vehicles

NOX CO, SO2, VOC, PM25, PM10

Hog Operations NH3 Chemical Additives to Waste

IC Engines - Gas - Small Sources NOX SCR

IC Engines - Gas, Diesel, LPG - Small Sources NOX IR

IC Engines - Gas, Diesel, LPG - Small Sources NOX SCR

IC Engines - Gas NOX L-E (Low Speed)

ICI Boilers - Coal/Cyclone - Large Sources NOX Coal Reburn

ICI Boilers - Coal/Cyclone - Small Sources NOX Coal Reburn

ICI Boilers - Coal/Cyclone - Small Sources NOX NGR

ICI Boilers - Coal/Cyclone - Small Sources NOX SCR

ICI Boilers - Coal/Cyclone - Small Sources NOX SNCR NH3

ICI Boilers - Coal/FBC - Large Sources NOX SNCR - Urea Based NH3

ICI Boilers - Coal/FBC - Small Sources NOX SNCR - Urea Based NH3

ICI Boilers - Coal/Stoker - Small Sources NOX SNCR NH3

ICI Boilers - Coal/Wall - Large Sources NOX LNB

ICI Boilers - Coal/Wall - Large Sources NOX SCR NH3

ICI Boilers - Coal/Wall - Large Sources NOX SNCR NH3

ICI Boilers - Coal/Wall - Small Sources NOX LNB

ICI Boilers - Coal/Wall - Small Sources NOX SCR

ICI Boilers - Coal/Wall - Small Sources NOX SNCR NH3

ICI Boilers - Coke - Small Sources NOX LNB

ICI Boilers - Coke - Small Sources NOX SCR NH3

ICI Boilers - Coke - Small Sources NOX SNCR NH3

ICI Boilers - Distillate Oil - Large Sources NOX SNCR NH3

ICI Boilers - Distillate Oil - Small Sources NOX LNB

ICI Boilers - Distillate Oil - Small Sources NOX LNB + FGR
Table III-1 (continued)

PECHAN May 2006

Source Category

Major

Pollutant Control Measure Other Pollutant

Document No. 06.05.002/9011.002 31 Report

ICI Boilers - Distillate Oil - Small Sources NOX SCR NH3

ICI Boilers - Distillate Oil - Small Sources NOX SNCR NH3

ICI Boilers - LPG - Small Sources NOX LNB

ICI Boilers - LPG - Small Sources NOX LNB + FGR

ICI Boilers - LPG - Small Sources NOX SCR NH3

ICI Boilers - LPG - Small Sources NOX SNCR NH3

ICI Boilers - Liquid Waste - Small Sources NOX LNB

ICI Boilers - Liquid Waste - Small Sources NOX LNB + FGR

ICI Boilers - Liquid Waste - Small Sources NOX SNCR NH3

ICI Boilers - Liquid Waste NOX SCR NH3

ICI Boilers - MSW/Stoker - Small Sources NOX SNCR - Urea NH3

ICI Boilers - Natural Gas - Large Sources NOX SNCR NH3

ICI Boilers - Natural Gas - Small Sources NOX LNB

ICI Boilers - Natural Gas - Small Sources NOX LNB + FGR

ICI Boilers - Natural Gas - Small Sources NOX OT + WI

ICI Boilers - Natural Gas - Small Sources NOX SCR NH3

ICI Boilers - Natural Gas - Small Sources NOX SNCR NH3

ICI Boilers - Process Gas - Small Sources NOX LNB

ICI Boilers - Process Gas - Small Sources NOX LNB + FGR

ICI Boilers - Process Gas - Small Sources NOX OT + WI

ICI Boilers - Process Gas - Small Sources NOX SCR NH3

ICI Boilers - Residual Oil - Large Sources NOX SNCR NH3

ICI Boilers - Residual Oil - Small Sources NOX LNB

ICI Boilers - Residual Oil - Small Sources NOX LNB + FGR

ICI Boilers - Residual Oil - Small Sources NOX SCR NH3

ICI Boilers - Residual Oil - Small Sources NOX SNCR NH3

ICI Boilers - Wood/Bark/Stoker - Large Sources NOX SNCR - Urea Based NH3

ICI Boilers - Wood/Bark/Stoker - Small Sources NOX SNCR - Urea NH3

In-Proc; Process Gas; Coke Oven/Blast Ovens NOX LNB + FGR

In-Process Fuel Use - Bituminous Coal - Small

Sources

NOX SNCR NH3

In-Process Fuel Use; Natural Gas - Small Sources NOX LNB

In-Process Fuel Use; Residual Oil - Small Sources NOX LNB
Table III-1 (continued)

PECHAN May 2006

Source Category

Major

Pollutant Control Measure Other Pollutant

Document No. 06.05.002/9011.002 32 Report

In-Process; Bituminous Coal; Cement Kilns NOX SNCR - Urea Based NH3

In-Process; Bituminous Coal; Lime Kilns NOX SNCR - Urea Based NH3

In-Process; Process Gas; Coke Oven Gas NOX LNB

In-process Fuel Use - Bituminous Coal SO2 FGD

Industrial Boilers - Coal PM CEM Upgrade and Increased Monitoring Frequency of

Industrial Boilers - Coal PM Dry ESP-Wire Plate Type OC, EC, PM25

Industrial Boilers - Coal PM Fabric Filter (Pulse Jet Type) OC, EC, PM25

Industrial Boilers - Coal PM Fabric Filter (Reverse-Air Cleaned Type) OC, EC, PM25

Industrial Boilers - Coal PM Increased Monitoring Frequency (IMF) of PM Control OC, EC

Industrial Boilers - Coal PM Venturi Scrubber OC, EC, PM25

Industrial Boilers - Coke PM CEM Upgrade and Increased Monitoring Frequency of

Industrial Boilers - Coke PM Increased Monitoring Frequency (IMF) of PM Control OC, EC

Industrial Boilers - Liquid Waste PM Dry ESP-Wire Plate Type OC, EC, PM25

Industrial Boilers - Oil PM CEM Upgrade and Increased Monitoring Frequency of

Industrial Boilers - Oil PM Dry ESP-Wire Plate Type OC, EC, PM25

Industrial Boilers - Oil PM Increased Monitoring Frequency (IMF) of PM Control OC, EC

Industrial Boilers - Oil PM Venturi Scrubber OC, EC, PM25

Industrial Boilers - Solid Waste PM CEM Upgrade and Increased Monitoring Frequency of

Industrial Boilers - Solid Waste PM Increased Monitoring Frequency (IMF) of PM Control OC, EC

Industrial Boilers - Wood PM CEM Upgrade and Increased Monitoring Frequency of

Industrial Boilers - Wood PM Dry ESP-Wire Plate Type OC, EC, PM25

Industrial Boilers - Wood PM Fabric Filter (Pulse Jet Type) OC, EC, PM25

Industrial Boilers - Wood PM Fabric Filter (Reverse-Air Cleaned Type) OC, EC, PM25

Industrial Boilers - Wood PM Increased Monitoring Frequency (IMF) of PM Control OC, EC

Industrial Boilers - Wood PM Venturi Scrubber OC, EC, PM25

Industrial Coal Combustion NOX RACT to 25 tpy (LNB)

Industrial Coal Combustion NOX RACT to 50 tpy (LNB)

Industrial Incinerators NOX SNCR NH3

Industrial Maintenance Coating VOC AIM Coating Federal Rule

Industrial Maintenance Coating VOC South Coast Phase I

Industrial Maintenance Coating VOC South Coast Phase II

Industrial Maintenance Coating VOC South Coast Phase III

Industrial Natural Gas Combustion NOX RACT to 25 tpy (LNB)
Table III-1 (continued)

PECHAN May 2006

Source Category

Major

Pollutant Control Measure Other Pollutant

Document No. 06.05.002/9011.002 33 Report

Industrial Natural Gas Combustion NOX RACT to 50 tpy (LNB)

Industrial Oil Combustion NOX RACT to 25 tpy (LNB)

Industrial Oil Combustion NOX RACT to 50 tpy (LNB)

Inorganic Chemical Manufacture Operations SO2 FGD

Internal Combustion Engines - Gas - Large Sources NOX AF + IR

Internal Combustion Engines - Gas - Large Sources NOX AF RATIO

Internal Combustion Engines - Gas - Large Sources NOX IR

Internal Combustion Engines - Gas - Small Sources NOX AF + IR

Internal Combustion Engines - Gas - Small Sources NOX AF RATIO

Internal Combustion Engines - Gas - Small Sources NOX IR

Internal Combustion Engines - Gas NOX L-E (Medium Speed)

Internal Combustion Engines - Oil - Small Sources NOX IR

Internal Combustion Engines - Oil - Small Sources NOX SCR NH3

Iron & Steel Mills - Annealing - Small Sources NOX LNB + SCR NH3

Iron & Steel Mills - Annealing - Small Sources NOX SCR NH3

Iron & Steel Mills - Annealing NOX LNB NH3

Iron & Steel Mills - Annealing NOX LNB + FGR

Iron & Steel Mills - Annealing NOX LNB + SNCR NH3

Iron & Steel Mills - Annealing NOX SNCR NH3

Iron & Steel Mills - Galvanizing NOX LNB

Iron & Steel Mills - Galvanizing NOX LNB + FGR

Iron & Steel Mills - Reheating NOX LEA

Iron & Steel Mills - Reheating NOX LNB

Iron & Steel Mills - Reheating NOX LNB + FGR

Iron Production; Blast Furnaces; Blast Heating Stoves NOX LNB + FGR

Lignite (Industrial Boiler) SO2 IDIS

Lignite (Industrial Boiler) SO2 SDA

Lignite (Industrial Boiler) SO2 Wet FGD

Lignite (Industrial Boilers) SO2 FGD

Lime Kilns NOX LNB

Lime Kilns NOX Mid-Kiln Firing

Machinery, Equipment, and Railroad Coating VOC SCAQMD Limits

Marine Surface Coating (Shipbuilding) VOC Add-On Controls
Table III-1 (continued)

PECHAN May 2006

Source Category

Major

Pollutant Control Measure Other Pollutant

Document No. 06.05.002/9011.002 34 Report

Marine Surface Coating (Shipbuilding) VOC MACT

Medical Waste Incinerators NOX SNCR NH3

Metal Can Surface Coating Operations VOC Permanent Total Enclosure (PTE)

Metal Coil & Can Coating VOC BAAQMD Rule 11 Amended

Metal Coil & Can Coating VOC Incineration

Metal Coil & Can Coating VOC MACT

Metal Furniture Surface Coating Operations VOC Permanent Total Enclosure (PTE)

Metal Furniture, Appliances, Parts VOC MACT

Metal Furniture, Appliances, Parts VOC SCAQMD Limits

Mineral Products - Cement Manufacture PM CEM Upgrade and Increased Monitoring Frequency of

Mineral Products - Cement Manufacture PM Dry ESP-Wire Plate Type OC, EC, PM25

Mineral Products - Cement Manufacture PM Fabric Filter (Mech. Shaker Type) OC, EC, PM25

Mineral Products - Cement Manufacture PM Fabric Filter (Pulse Jet Type) OC, EC, PM25

Mineral Products - Cement Manufacture PM Fabric Filter (Reverse-Air Cleaned Type) OC, EC, PM25

Mineral Products - Cement Manufacture PM Increased Monitoring Frequency (IMF) of PM Control OC, EC

Mineral Products - Cement Manufacture PM Paper/Nonwoven Filters - Cartridge Collector Type OC, EC, PM25

Mineral Products - Coal Cleaning PM CEM Upgrade and Increased Monitoring Frequency of

Mineral Products - Coal Cleaning PM Fabric Filter (Mech. Shaker Type) OC, EC, PM25

Mineral Products - Coal Cleaning PM Fabric Filter (Pulse Jet Type) OC, EC, PM25

Mineral Products - Coal Cleaning PM Fabric Filter (Reverse-Air Cleaned Type) OC, EC, PM25

Mineral Products - Coal Cleaning PM Increased Monitoring Frequency (IMF) of PM Control OC, EC

Mineral Products - Coal Cleaning PM Paper/Nonwoven Filters - Cartridge Collector Type OC, EC, PM25

Mineral Products - Coal Cleaning PM Venturi Scrubber OC, EC, PM25

Mineral Products - Other PM CEM Upgrade and Increased Monitoring Frequency of

Mineral Products - Other PM Dry ESP-Wire Plate Type OC, EC, PM25

Mineral Products - Other PM Fabric Filter (Mech. Shaker Type) OC, EC, PM25

Mineral Products - Other PM Fabric Filter (Pulse Jet Type) OC, EC, PM25

Mineral Products - Other PM Fabric Filter (Reverse-Air Cleaned Type) OC, EC, PM25

Mineral Products - Other PM Increased Monitoring Frequency (IMF) of PM Control OC, EC

Mineral Products - Other PM Paper/Nonwoven Filters - Cartridge Collector Type OC, EC, PM25

Mineral Products - Other PM Wet ESP - Wire Plate Type OC, EC, PM25

Mineral Products - Stone Quarrying & Processing PM CEM Upgrade and Increased Monitoring Frequency of

Mineral Products - Stone Quarrying & Processing PM Increased Monitoring Frequency (IMF) of PM Control OC, EC
Table III-1 (continued)

PECHAN May 2006

Source Category

Major

Pollutant Control Measure Other Pollutant

Document No. 06.05.002/9011.002 35 Report

Mineral Products - Stone Quarrying and Processing PM Dry ESP-Wire Plate Type OC, EC, PM25

Mineral Products - Stone Quarrying and Processing PM Fabric Filter (Mech. Shaker Type) OC, EC, PM25

Mineral Products - Stone Quarrying and Processing PM Fabric Filter (Pulse Jet Type) OC, EC, PM25

Mineral Products - Stone Quarrying and Processing PM Fabric Filter (Reverse-Air Cleaned Type) OC, EC, PM25

Mineral Products - Stone Quarrying and Processing PM Paper/Nonwoven Filters - Cartridge Collector Type OC, EC, PM25

Mineral Products - Stone Quarrying and Processing PM Venturi Scrubber OC, EC, PM25

Mineral Products - Stone Quarrying and Processing PM Wet ESP - Wire Plate Type OC, EC, PM25

Mineral Products Industry SO2 FGD

Miscellaneous Metal Products Coatings VOC MACT

Motor Vehicle Coating VOC Incineration

Motor Vehicle Coating VOC MACT

Municipal Solid Waste Landfill VOC Gas Collection (SCAQMD/BAAQMD)

Municipal Waste Combustors NOX SNCR NH3

Municipal Waste Incineration PM Dry ESP-Wire Plate Type EC, PM25

Natural Gas Production; Compressors - Small

Sources

NOX SCR NH3

Nitric Acid Manufacturing - Small Sources NOX Extended Absorption

Nitric Acid Manufacturing - Small Sources NOX NSCR NH3

Nitric Acid Manufacturing - Small Sources NOX SCR NH3

Non-Ferrous Metals Processing - Aluminum PM CEM Upgrade and Increased Monitoring Frequency of

Non-Ferrous Metals Processing - Aluminum PM Dry ESP-Wire Plate Type OC, EC, PM25

Non-Ferrous Metals Processing - Aluminum PM Fabric Filter (Mech. Shaker Type) OC, EC, PM25

Non-Ferrous Metals Processing - Aluminum PM Fabric Filter (Reverse-Air Cleaned Type) OC, EC, PM25

Non-Ferrous Metals Processing - Aluminum PM Increased Monitoring Frequency (IMF) of PM Control OC, EC

Non-Ferrous Metals Processing - Aluminum PM Wet ESP - Wire Plate Type OC, EC, PM25

Non-Ferrous Metals Processing - Copper PM CEM Upgrade and Increased Monitoring Frequency of

Non-Ferrous Metals Processing - Copper PM Dry ESP-Wire Plate Type OC, EC, PM25

Non-Ferrous Metals Processing - Copper PM Fabric Filter (Mech. Shaker Type) OC, EC, PM25

Non-Ferrous Metals Processing - Copper PM Fabric Filter (Reverse-Air Cleaned Type) OC, EC, PM25

Non-Ferrous Metals Processing - Copper PM Increased Monitoring Frequency (IMF) of PM Control OC, EC

Non-Ferrous Metals Processing - Copper PM Wet ESP - Wire Plate Type OC, EC, PM25

Non-Ferrous Metals Processing - Lead PM CEM Upgrade and Increased Monitoring Frequency of

Non-Ferrous Metals Processing - Lead PM Dry ESP-Wire Plate Type OC, EC, PM25
Table III-1 (continued)

PECHAN May 2006

Source Category

Major

Pollutant Control Measure Other Pollutant

Document No. 06.05.002/9011.002 36 Report

Non-Ferrous Metals Processing - Lead PM Fabric Filter (Mech. Shaker Type) OC, EC, PM25

Non-Ferrous Metals Processing - Lead PM Fabric Filter (Reverse-Air Cleaned Type) OC, EC, PM25

Non-Ferrous Metals Processing - Lead PM Increased Monitoring Frequency (IMF) of PM Control OC, EC

Non-Ferrous Metals Processing - Lead PM Wet ESP - Wire Plate Type OC, EC, PM25

Non-Ferrous Metals Processing - Other PM CEM Upgrade and Increased Monitoring Frequency of

Non-Ferrous Metals Processing - Other PM Dry ESP-Wire Plate Type OC, EC, PM25

Non-Ferrous Metals Processing - Other PM Fabric Filter (Mech. Shaker Type) OC, EC, PM25

Non-Ferrous Metals Processing - Other PM Fabric Filter (Reverse-Air Cleaned Type) OC, EC, PM25

Non-Ferrous Metals Processing - Other PM Increased Monitoring Frequency (IMF) of PM Control OC, EC

Non-Ferrous Metals Processing - Other PM Wet ESP - Wire Plate Type OC, EC, PM25

Non-Ferrous Metals Processing - Zinc PM CEM Upgrade and Increased Monitoring Frequency of

Non-Ferrous Metals Processing - Zinc PM Dry ESP-Wire Plate Type OC, EC, PM25

Non-Ferrous Metals Processing - Zinc PM Fabric Filter (Mech. Shaker Type) OC, EC, PM25

Non-Ferrous Metals Processing - Zinc PM Fabric Filter (Reverse-Air Cleaned Type) OC, EC, PM25

Non-Ferrous Metals Processing - Zinc PM Increased Monitoring Frequency (IMF) of PM Control OC, EC

Non-Ferrous Metals Processing - Zinc PM Wet ESP - Wire Plate Type OC, EC, PM25

Nonroad Diesel Engines PM Heavy Duty Retrofit Program OC, EC, PM25

Nonroad Gasoline Engines VOC Federal Reformulated Gasoline

Off-Highway Diesel Vehicles NOX C-I Engine Standards CO, VOC, PM25, PM10

Off-Highway Gasoline Vehicles NOX Large S-I Engine Standards CO, VOC, PM25, PM10

Off-Highway Vehicles: All Terrain Vehicles (ATVs) VOC Recreational Gasoline ATV Standards CO, NOX, PM25, PM10

Off-Highway Vehicles: Motorcycles VOC Off-Highway Motorcycle Standards CO, NOX, PM25, PM10

Off-Highway Vehicles: Snowmobiles VOC Recreational Gasoline Snowmobile Standards CO, NOX, PM25, PM10

Oil and Natural Gas Production - Fugitive Emissions VOC SCAQMD Proposed Rule 1148.1

Oil and Natural Gas Production VOC Equipment and Maintenance

Open Burning NOX Episodic Ban (Daily Only)

Open Top Degreasing VOC Airtight Degreasing System

Open Top Degreasing VOC MACT

Open Top Degreasing VOC SCAQMD 1122 (VOC content limit)

Paper Surface Coating VOC Incineration

Paper and other Web Coating Operations VOC Permanent Total Enclosure (PTE)

Paved Roads PM Vacuum Sweeping OC, EC, PM25

Pesticide Application VOC Reformulation - FIP Rule
Table III-1 (continued)

PECHAN May 2006

Source Category

Major

Pollutant Control Measure Other Pollutant

Document No. 06.05.002/9011.002 37 Report

Petroleum Industry SO2 FGD

Plastics Prod-Specific; (ABS) - Small Sources NOX LNB + FGR

Portable Gasoline Containers VOC OTC Portable Gas Container Rule

Poultry Operations NH3 Chemical Additives to Waste

Prescribed Burning PM Increase Fuel Moisture OC, EC, PM25

Primary Lead Smelters - Sintering SO2 Dual Absorption

Primary Metals Industry SO2 FGD

Primary Zinc Smelters - Sintering SO2 Dual Absorption

Process Heaters (Oil and Gas Production) SO2 FGD

Process Heaters - Distillate Oil - Small Sources NOX LNB NH3

Process Heaters - Distillate Oil - Small Sources NOX LNB + FGR

Process Heaters - Distillate Oil - Small Sources NOX LNB + SCR NH3

Process Heaters - Distillate Oil - Small Sources NOX LNB + SNCR NH3

Process Heaters - Distillate Oil - Small Sources NOX SCR NH3

Process Heaters - Distillate Oil - Small Sources NOX SNCR NH3

Process Heaters - Distillate Oil - Small Sources NOX ULNB

Process Heaters - LPG - Small Sources NOX LNB NH3

Process Heaters - LPG - Small Sources NOX LNB + FGR

Process Heaters - LPG - Small Sources NOX LNB + SCR NH3

Process Heaters - LPG - Small Sources NOX LNB + SNCR NH3

Process Heaters - LPG - Small Sources NOX SCR NH3

Process Heaters - LPG - Small Sources NOX SNCR NH3

Process Heaters - LPG - Small Sources NOX ULNB

Process Heaters - Natural Gas - Small Sources NOX LNB NH3

Process Heaters - Natural Gas - Small Sources NOX LNB + FGR

Process Heaters - Natural Gas - Small Sources NOX LNB + SCR NH3

Process Heaters - Natural Gas - Small Sources NOX LNB + SNCR NH3

Process Heaters - Natural Gas - Small Sources NOX SCR NH3

Process Heaters - Natural Gas - Small Sources NOX SNCR NH3

Process Heaters - Natural Gas - Small Sources NOX ULNB

Process Heaters - Other Fuel - Small Sources NOX LNB NH3

Process Heaters - Other Fuel - Small Sources NOX LNB + FGR

Process Heaters - Other Fuel - Small Sources NOX LNB + SCR NH3
Table III-1 (continued)

PECHAN May 2006

Source Category

Major

Pollutant Control Measure Other Pollutant

Document No. 06.05.002/9011.002 38 Report

Process Heaters - Other Fuel - Small Sources NOX LNB + SNCR NH3

Process Heaters - Other Fuel - Small Sources NOX SCR NH3

Process Heaters - Other Fuel - Small Sources NOX SNCR NH3

Process Heaters - Other Fuel - Small Sources NOX ULNB

Process Heaters - Process Gas - Small Sources NOX LNB NH3

Process Heaters - Process Gas - Small Sources NOX LNB + FGR

Process Heaters - Process Gas - Small Sources NOX LNB + SCR NH3

Process Heaters - Process Gas - Small Sources NOX LNB + SNCR NH3

Process Heaters - Process Gas - Small Sources NOX SCR NH3

Process Heaters - Process Gas - Small Sources NOX SNCR NH3

Process Heaters - Process Gas - Small Sources NOX ULNB

Process Heaters - Residual Oil - Small Sources NOX LNB NH3

Process Heaters - Residual Oil - Small Sources NOX LNB + FGR

Process Heaters - Residual Oil - Small Sources NOX LNB + SCR NH3

Process Heaters - Residual Oil - Small Sources NOX LNB + SNCR NH3

Process Heaters - Residual Oil - Small Sources NOX SCR NH3

Process Heaters - Residual Oil - Small Sources NOX SNCR NH3

Process Heaters - Residual Oil - Small Sources NOX ULNB

Product and Packaging Rotogravure and Screen

Printing

VOC Permanent Total Enclosure (PTE)

Publication Rotogravure Printing VOC Permanent Total Enclosure (PTE)

Pulp and Paper Industry (Sulfate Pulping) SO2 FGD

Residential Home Heating PM Switch to Low Sutfur Fuel SO2, NOX

Residential Natural Gas NOX Water Heater + LNB Space Heaters

Residential Natural Gas NOX Water Heater Replacement

Residential Wood Combustion PM Education and Advisory Program OC, EC, PM25

Residential Wood Stoves PM NSPS compliant Wood Stoves

Residual Oil (Commercial/Institutional Boilers) SO2 FGD

Residual Oil (Commercial/Institutional Boilers) SO2 Wet FGD

Residual Oil (Industrial Boilers SO2 FGD

Rich-Burn Stationary Reciprocating Internal

Combustion Engines (RICE)

NOX NSCR CO, VOC

Rich-Burn Stationary Reciprocating Internal

Combustion Engines

NOX NSCR
Table III-1 (continued)

PECHAN May 2006

Source Category

Major

Pollutant Control Measure Other Pollutant

Document No. 06.05.002/9011.002 39 Report

Rubber and Plastics Manufacturing VOC SCAQMD - Low VOC

Sand/Gravel; Dryer - Small Sources NOX LNB + FGR

Secondary Aluminum Production; Smelting Furnaces NOX LNB

Secondary Metal Production SO2 FGD

Solid Waste Disposal; Government; Other NOX SNCR NH3

Space Heaters - Distillate Oil - Small Sources NOX LNB

Space Heaters - Distillate Oil - Small Sources NOX LNB + FGR

Space Heaters - Distillate Oil - Small Sources NOX SCR NH3

Space Heaters - Distillate Oil - Small Sources NOX SNCR NH3

Space Heaters - Natural Gas - Small Sources NOX LNB

Space Heaters - Natural Gas - Small Sources NOX LNB + FGR

Space Heaters - Natural Gas - Small Sources NOX OT + WI

Space Heaters - Natural Gas - Small Sources NOX SCR NH3

Space Heaters - Natural Gas - Small Sources NOX SNCR NH3

Stage II Service Stations - Underground Tanks VOC Low Pressure/Vacuum Relief Valve

Stage II Service Stations VOC Low Pressure/Vacuum Relief Valve

Starch Manufacturing; Combined Operation - Small

Sources

NOX LNB + FGR

Steam Generating Unit-Coal/Oil SO2 FGD

Steel Foundries; Heat Treating NOX LNB

Steel Production; Soaking Pits NOX LNB + FGR

Sulfate Pulping - Recovery Furnaces - Small Sources NOX LNB

Sulfate Pulping - Recovery Furnaces - Small Sources NOX LNB + FGR

Sulfate Pulping - Recovery Furnaces - Small Sources NOX OT + WI

Sulfate Pulping - Recovery Furnaces - Small Sources NOX SCR NH3

Sulfate Pulping - Recovery Furnaces - Small Sources NOX SNCR NH3

Sulfur Recovery Plants - Elemental Sulfur SO2 Amine Scrubbing

Sulfur Recovery Plants - Elemental Sulfur SO2 Amine Scrubbing + FGD

Sulfuric Acid Plants - Contact Absorbers SO2 FGD

Sulfuric Acid Plants - Contact Absorbers SO2 Incr. Absorption Eff. to NSPS Level (99.7%)

Sulfuric Acid Plants - Contact Absorbers SO2 Incr. Absorption Eff. to NSPS Level (99.7%) + FGD

Surface Coat Oper; Coating Oven Htr; Nat Gas - Small

Sources

NOX LNB NH3

Traffic Markings VOC AIM Coating Federal Rule
Table III-1 (continued)

PECHAN May 2006

Source Category

Major

Pollutant Control Measure Other Pollutant

Document No. 06.05.002/9011.002 40 Report

Traffic Markings VOC South Coast Phase I

Traffic Markings VOC South Coast Phase II

Traffic Markings VOC South Coast Phase III

Unpaved Roads PM Chemical Stabilization EC, PM25

Unpaved Roads PM Hot Asphalt Paving OC, EC, PM25

Utility Boiler - Coal/Tangential NOX NGR

Utility Boiler - Coal/Tangential NOX SCR Hg, NH3

Utility Boiler - Coal/Tangential NOX SNCR NH3

Utility Boiler - Coal/Tangential NOX LNC1

Utility Boiler - Coal/Tangential NOX LNC2

Utility Boiler - Coal/Tangential NOX LNC3

Utility Boiler - Coal/Wall NOX NGR

Utility Boiler - Coal/Wall NOX SCR NH3

Utility Boiler - Coal/Wall NOX SNCR NH3

Utility Boiler - Coal/Wall NOX LNB

Utility Boiler - Coal/Wall NOX LNBO

Utility Boiler - Cyclone NOX NGR

Utility Boiler - Cyclone NOX SCR NH3

Utility Boiler - Cyclone NOX SNCR NH3

Utility Boiler - Oil-Gas/Tangential NOX NGR

Utility Boiler - Oil-Gas/Tangential NOX SCR NH3

Utility Boiler - Oil-Gas/Tangential NOX SNCR NH3

Utility Boiler - Oil-Gas/Wall NOX NGR

Utility Boiler - Oil-Gas/Wall NOX SCR NH3

Utility Boiler - Oil-Gas/Wall NOX SNCR NH3

Utility Boilers - Coal-Fired SO2 Coal Washing Hg, PM25, PM10

Utility Boilers - Coal-Fired SO2 Fuel Switching PM25, PM10

Utility Boilers - Coal-Fired SO2 Repowering Hg, NOX

Utility Boilers - Coal PM Dry ESP-Wire Plate Type Hg, OC, EC, PM25

Utility Boilers - Coal PM Fabric Filter Hg, OC, EC, PM25

Utility Boilers - Coal PM Fabric Filter (Mech. Shaker Type) Hg, OC, EC, PM25

Utility Boilers - Coal PM Fabric Filter (Pulse Jet Type) Hg, OC, EC, PM25

Utility Boilers - Coal PM Fabric Filter (Reverse-Air Cleaned Type) Hg, OC, EC, PM25
Table III-1 (continued)

PECHAN May 2006

Source Category

Major

Pollutant Control Measure Other Pollutant

Document No. 06.05.002/9011.002 41 Report

Utility Boilers - Gas/Oil PM Fabric Filter Hg, OC, EC, PM25

Utility Boilers - High Sulfur Content SO2 FGD Wet Scrubber Hg

Utility Boilers - Medium Sulfur Content SO2 FGD Wet Scrubber Hg

Utility Boilers - Very High Sulfur Content SO2 FGD Wet Scrubber Hg

Wood Furniture Surface Coating VOC Add-On Controls

Wood Furniture Surface Coating VOC MACT

Wood Furniture Surface Coating VOC New CTG

Wood Product Surface Coating VOC Incineration

Wood Product Surface Coating VOC MACT

Wood Product Surface Coating VOC SCAQMD Rule 1104

Wood Pulp & Paper PM Dry ESP-Wire Plate Type OC, EC, PM25

Wood Pulp & Paper PM Wet ESP - Wire Plate Type OC, EC, PM25
PECHAN May 2006

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PECHAN May 2006

Document No. 06.05.002/9011.002 43 Report

CHAPTER IV

REFERENCES

EPA, 2002a: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, “User’s Guide to MOBILE6.1 and

MOBILE6.2: Mobile Source Emission Factor Model,” EPA-420-R-02-028, Office of

Transportation and Air Quality, Ann Arbor, MI, October 2002.

EPA, 2002b: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and

Standards, "EPA Air Pollution Control Cost Manual," 6th ed., EPA/452/B-02-001,

Research Triangle Park, NC, January 2002. 

EPA, 2003: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, NONROAD2002b Model [Computer

Software], Ann Arbor, MI, April 23, 2003.

67 FR 39602, 2002: Federal Register, “Consolidated Emissions Reporting,” Vol. 67, No. 111,

June 10, 2002.

Pechan, 2006: E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc., "AirControlNET, Version 4.1 Control Measure

Documentation Report," Draft Report, prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection

Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, Pechan Report No. 06.05.003/9011.002, May 2006.

Pechan and ENVIRON, 2001: E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc. and ENVIRON International

Corporation, "Development of a REMSAD-Based Modeling Tool for Use in Particulate

Regulatory Impact Analyses," prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office

of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Research Triangle Park, NC, September 2001.

Pechan and ENVIRON, 2002: E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc. and ENVIRON International

Corporation, "Updates to REMSAD-ST: A Modeling Tool for Use in Particulate

Regulatory Impact Analyses," prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office

of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Research Triangle Park, NC, September 2002.
PECHAN May 2006

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PECHAN May 2006

Document No. 06.05.002/9011.002 Report

APPENDIX A: DATA STRUCTURE TABLES
PECHAN May 2006

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Document No. 06.05.002/9011.002 A-1 Report

Table A-1. Data Structure of meas_all_<year>.dbf

Field Name Description Type Width Decimals

MEASREC Unique Measure Number C 7

SECTOR Sector C 5

POLLUTANT Pollutant C 1

MEAS Measure Code C 6

FIPSST FIPS State C 2

FIPSCNTY FIPS County C 3

PLANTID Plant ID C 15

POINTID Point ID C 15

STACKID Stack ID C 12

ORISID ORIS ID C 6

BLRID Boiler ID C 6

SEGMENT Segment C 2

SCC Source Classification Code C 10

PLANT Plant Name C 40

SIC Standard Industrial Classification C 4

INCVOC VOC Reduced by Measure (tpy) N 8 3

x

INCNOX NO Reduced by Measure (tpy) N 8 3

2

INCSO2 SO Reduced by Measure (tpy) N 8 3

10 INCPM10 PM Reduced by Measure (tpy) N 8 3

2.5 INCPM25 PM Reduced by Measure (tpy) N 8 3

3

INCNH3 NH Reduced by Measure (tpy) N 8 3

INCCO CO Reduced by Measure (tpy) N 8 3

INCOC OC Reduced by Measure (tpy) N 8 3

INCEC EC Reduced by Measure (tpy) N 8 3

INCHG HG Reduced by Measure (tpy) N 8 3

TCOST Total Cost (1997$) N 12

CPTON Cost per Ton Reduced (1997$) N 10

CAPCOST Capital Cost (1997$) N 12

OMCOST O&M Cost (1997$) N 12

VOC_CE Current VOC Control Efficiency N 7 2

VOC_RE Current VOC Rule Effectiveness N 3

VOC_RP Current VOC Rule Penetration N 3

VOC_ANN Current VOC Annual Emissions (tpy) N 13 4

V_MEAS_CE Measure VOC Control Efficiency N 7 2

V_MEAS_RE Measure VOC Rule Effectiveness N 3

V_MEAS_RP Measure VOC Rule Penetration N 3

NOX_CE Cur xrent NO Control Efficiency N 7 2

NOX_RE Cur xrent NO Rule Effectiveness N 3

NOX_RP Cur xrent NO Rule Penetration N 3

NOX_ANN Cur xrent NO Annual Emissions (tpy) N 13 4

N_MEAS_CE Measure NOx Control Efficiency N 7 2

N_MEAS_RE Measure NOx Rule Effectiveness N 3
Table A-1 (continued)

PECHAN May 2006

Field Name Description Type Width Decimals

Document No. 06.05.002/9011.002 A-2 Report

N_MEAS_RP Measure NOx Rule Penetration N 3

PM10_CE Cur 10 rent PM Control Efficiency N 7 2

PM25_CE Cur 2.5 rent PM Control Efficiency N 7 2

PM10_RE Cur 10 rent PM Rule Effectiveness N 3

PM25_RE Cur 2.5 rent PM Rule Effectiveness N 3

PM10_RP Cur 10 rent PM Rule Penetration N 3

PM25_RP Cur 2.5 rent PM Rule Penetration N 3

PM10_ANN Cur 10 rent PM Annual Emissions (tpy) N 13 4

PM25_ANN Cur 2.5 rent PM Annual Emissions (tpy) N 13 4

P1_MEAS_CE Measure PM10 Control Efficiency N 7 2

P2_MEAS_CE Measure PM2.5 Control Efficiency N 7 2

P1_MEAS_RE Measure PM10 Rule Effectiveness N 3

P2_MEAS_RE Measure PM2.5 Rule Effectiveness N 3

P1_MEAS_RP Measure PM10 Rule Penetration N 3

P2_MEAS_RP Measure PM2.5 Rule Penetration N 3

SO2_CE Cur 2rent SO Control Efficiency N 7 2

SO2_RE Cur 2rent SO Rule Effectiveness N 3

SO2_RP Cur 2rent SO Rule Penetration N 3

SO2_ANN Cur 2rent SO Annual Emissions (tpy) N 13 4

S_MEAS_CE Measure SO2 Control Efficiency N 7 2

S_MEAS_RE Measure SO2 Rule Effectiveness N 3

S_MEAS_RP Measure SO2 Rule Penetration N 3

NH3_CE Cur 3rent NH Control Efficiency N 7 2

NH3_RE Cur 3rent NH Rule Effectiveness N 3

NH3_RP Cur 3rent NH Rule Penetration N 3

NH3_ANN Cur 3rent NH Annual Emissions (tpy) N 13 4

A_MEAS_CE Measure NH3 Control Efficiency N 7 2

A_MEAS_RE Measure NH3 Rule Effectiveness N 3

A_MEAS_RP Measure NH3 Rule Penetration N 3

CO_CE Current CO Control Efficiency N 7 2

CO_RE Current CO Rule Effectiveness N 3

CO_RP Current CO Rule Penetration N 3

CO_ANN Current CO Annual Emissions (tpy) N 13 4

C_MEAS_CE Measure CO Control Efficiency N 7 2

C_MEAS_RE Measure CO Rule Effectiveness N 3

C_MEAS_RP Measure CO Rule Penetration N 3

OC_CE Current OC Control Efficiency N 7 2

OC_RE Current OC Rule Effectiveness N 3

OC_RP Current OC Rule Penetration N 3

O_MEAS_CE Measure OC Control Efficiency N 7 2

O_MEAS_RE Measure OC Rule Effectiveness N 3

O_MEAS_RP Measure OC Rule Penetration N 3
Table A-1 (continued)

PECHAN May 2006

Field Name Description Type Width Decimals

Document No. 06.05.002/9011.002 A-3 Report

EC_CE Current EC Control Efficiency N 7 2

EC_RE Current EC Rule Effectiveness N 3

EC_RP Current EC Rule Penetration N 3

E_MEAS_CE Measure EC Control Efficiency N 7 2

E_MEAS_RE Measure EC Rule Effectiveness N 3

E_MEAS_RP Measure EC Rule Penetration N 3

HG_CE Current Hg Control Efficiency N 7 2

HG_RE Current Hg Rule Effectiveness N 3

HG_RP Current Hg Rule Penetration N 3

H_MEAS_CE Measure Hg Control Efficiency N 7 2

H_MEAS_RE Measure Hg Rule Effectiveness N 3

H_MEAS_RP Measure Hg Rule Penetration N 3

COSTYEAR Dollar Year that Costs are expressed in C 4

EXPER Experimental Flag (Y= Yes, blank = No) C 1
PECHAN May 2006

Document No. 06.05.002/9011.002 A-4 Report

Table A-2. Data Structure of tacn_keys_<data set name>.dbf

Field Name Description Type Width Decimals

KEYID Used to join with all tables N 6 0

MEASID Unique Measure Number N 3 0

GEOID Select Field N 4 0

SCCSECTID Pollutant N 5 0

PLANTID Control N 5 0

POINTID Source N 4 0

S xICNAICSID Emission Reduction NO N 5 0

STACKID Emission Reduction VOC N 3 0

SEGMENT 2ID Emission Reduction SO N 3 0
PECHAN May 2006

Document No. 06.05.002/9011.002 A-5 Report

Table A-3. Data Structure of tacn_emissions_<data set name>.dbf

Field Name Description Type Width Decimals

KEYID Used to join with Key table N 6 0

TOTALCOST Unique Measure Number N 10 0

OMCOST Select Field N 10 0

CAPCOST Pollutant N 10 0

COSTPERTON Control N 10 0

INCRE_COST Source N 10 0

x

INCNOX Emission Reduction NO N 7 3

INCVOC Emission Reduction VOC N 7 3

2

INCSO2 Emission Reduction SO N 7 3

10 INCPM10 Emission Reduction PM N 7 3

2.5 INCPM25 Emission Reduction PM N 7 3

3

INCNH3 Emission Reduction NH N 7 3

INCOC Emission Reduction OC N 7 3

INCEC Emission Reduction EC N 7 3

INCCO Emission Reduction CO N 8 2

INCHG Emission Reduction Hg N 7 5

NOX_ANN Cu xrrent NO Annual Emissions (tpy) N 7 3

VOC_ANN Current VOC Annual Emissions (tpy) N 7 3

SO2_ANN Cu 2rrent SO Annual Emissions (tpy) N 7 3

PM10_ANN Cu 10 rrent PM Annual Emissions (tpy) N 7 3

PM25_ANN Cu 2.5 rrent PM Annual Emissions (tpy) N 7 3

NH3_ANN Cu 3rrent NH Annual Emissions (tpy) N 7 3

OC_ANN Current OC Annual Emissions (tpy) N 7 3

EC_ANN Current EC Annual Emissions (tpy) N 7 3

CO_ANN Current CO Annual Emissions (tpy) N 8 2

HG_ANN Current Hg Annual Emissions (tpy) N 7 5

x

INCRE_NOX Incremental Control Reductions: NO N 7 3

INCRE_VOC Incremental Control Reductions: VOC N 7 3

2

INCRE_SO2 Incremental Control Reductions: SO N 7 3

10 INCRE_PM10 Incremental Control Reductions: PM N 7 3

2.5 INCRE_PM25 Incremental Control Reductions: PM N 7 3

3

INCRE_NH3 Incremental Control Reductions: NH N 7 3

INCRE_OC Incremental Control Reductions: OC N 7 3

INCRE_EC Incremental Control Reductions: EC N 7 3

INCRE_CO Incremental Control Reductions CO N 8 2

INCRE_HG Incremental Control Reductions: Hg N 7 5
PECHAN May 2006

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Table A-4. Data Structure of tacn_keys_maxtpollutant_<data set name>.dbf

Field Name Description Type Width Decimals

KEYID Used to join with all tables N 6

MAXTPOLL Pollutant name used in conjunction with keyid to

indicate which pollutant for keyid's row is the

maximum reduction

C 4

Table A-5. Data Structure of tlacn_segment_<data set name>.dbf

Field Name Description Type Width Decimals

SEGMENTID Segment ID N 3

SEGMENT Segment C 4

Table A-6. Data Structure of tacn_keys_ignorepollutant_<data set name>.dbf

Field Name Description Type Width Decimals

KEYID Used to join with all tables N 6

DELETEPOLL Pollutant name used in conjunction with keyid to

indicate which pollutant for keyid's row should

be ignored

C 4

Table A-7. Data Structure of tlacn_sccsector_<data set name>.dbf

Field Name Description Type Width Decimals

SCCSECTID SCC Sector ID N 5

SCC Source Classification Code C 10

SECTOR Sector C 5

SCC12 SCC Tiers 1-2 C 2

SCC34 SCC Tiers 3-4 C 2

SCC67 SCC Tiers 6-7 C 3

SCC810 SCC Tiers 8-10 C 3

DESC12 Description of SCC Tiers 1-2 C 54

DESC34 Description of SCC Tiers 3-4 C 54

DESC67 Description of SCC Tiers 6-7 C 70

DESC810 Description of SCC Tiers 8-10 C 70
PECHAN May 2006

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Table A-8. Data Structure of tacn_remsadtotals_<data set name>.dbf

Field Name Description Type Width Decimals

REMSADSECT Regulatory Modeling System for Aerosols and

Deposition Sector

C 1

REMSADKEY Regulatory Modeling System for Aerosols and

Deposition Key

C 23

NOX_TOT Total NOx emissions for NEI N 13 4

VOC_TOT Total VOC emissions for NEI N 13 4

PM10_TOT Total 10 PM emissions for NEI N 13 4

PM25_TOT Total 2.5 PM emissions for NEI N 13 4

SO2_TOT Total 2 SO emissions for NEI N 13 4

NH3_TOT Total 3 NH emissions for NEI N 13 4

SOA_TOT Total N 13 4

CO_TOT Total CO emissions for NEI N 13 4

HG_TOT Total Hg emissions for NEI N 13 4

Table A-9. Data Structure of tlacn_geographic_<data set name>.dbf

Field Name Description Type Width Decimals

GEOID Unique geographic identifier N 4

FIPSST FIPS State C 2

FIPSCNTY FIPS County C 3

STATENM State Name C 15

STATEABR State Abbreviation C 2

COUNTYNM County Name C 25

CBSA Census Bureau Statistical Area C 5

CBSATYPE CBSA type C 6

CBSANAME CBSA name C 80

Table A-10. Data Structure of tlacn_point_<data set name>.dbf

Field Name Description Type Width Decimals

POINTID Unique Point Identifier (determined by us) N 4

POINTID2 Text Point Identifier (determined by EPA, the

States, someone else?)

C 15
PECHAN May 2006

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Table A-11. Data Structure of tacn_effectiveness_<data set name>.dbf

Field Name Description Type Width Decimals

KEYID Used to join with all tables N 6

NOX_CE Cur xrent NO Control Efficiency N 7 2

VOC_CE Current VOC Control Efficiency N 7 2

SO2_CE Cur 2rent SO Control Efficiency N 7 2

NH3_CE Cur 3rent NH Control Efficiency N 7 2

PM10_CE Cur 10 rent PM Control Efficiency N 7 2

PM25_CE Cur 2.5 rent PM Control Efficiency N 7 2

OC_CE Current OC Control Efficiency N 7 2

EC_CE Current EC Control Efficiency N 7 2

CO_CE Current CO Control Efficiency N 7 2

HG_CE Current Hg Control Efficiency N 7 2

NOX_RE Cur xrent NO Rule Effectiveness N 3

VOC_RE Current VOC Rule Effectiveness N 3

SO2_RE Cur 2rent SO Rule Effectiveness N 3

NH3_RE Cur 3rent NH Rule Effectiveness N 3

PM10_RE Cur 10 rent PM Rule Effectiveness N 3

PM25_RE Cur 2.5 rent PM Rule Effectiveness N 3

OC_RE Current OC Rule Effectiveness N 3

EC_RE Current EC Rule Effectiveness N 3

CO_RE Current CO Rule Effectiveness N 3

HG_RE Current Hg Rule Effectiveness N 3

Table A-12. Data Structure of tlacn_plant_<data set name>.dbf

Field Name Description Type Width Decimals

PLANTID Unique Plant Identifier (determined by us) N 5

PLANTID2 Text Plant Identifier (determined by EPA, the

States, someone else?)

C 15

PLANTNAME Plant Name C 40
PECHAN May 2006

Document No. 06.05.002/9011.002 A-9 Report

Table A-13. Data Structure of tlacn_sic4naics3_<data set name>.dbf

Field Name Description Type Width Decimals

SICNAICSID Unique SIC/NAICS Identifier N 3

SIC4 Standard Industrial Classification Code C 4

NAICS3 North American Industry Classification System Code C 3

N3LABEL NAICS3 description C 123

Table A-14. Data Structure of tlacn_meas_<data set name>.dbf

Field Name Description Type Width Decimals

MEASID Unique Measure Identifier N 3

MEAS Measure Code C 6

MEASNAME Measure Name C 50

LMEASNAME Long Measure Name / Description C 95

SOURCE Source C 88

CPOLLUTANT Criteria Pollutant C 3

SECTOR Sector C 6

COST_YEAR Cost Year C 4

EDITABLE Indicates whether the current measure is editable L 1

I Interest Rate N 8 4

CE Control Efficiency N 6 3

ELEC_RT Electricity Rate ($ per kW h) N 8 4

NG_RT Natural Gas Rate ($ per cf) N 6 3

OPLBR_RT Operating Labor Rate ($ per hour) N 6 3

MNTLBR_RT Maintenance Labor Rate ($ per hour) N 6 3

EQP_LIFE Equipment Life (years) N 3

OPLBR_PCT Operating Labor (% of OM COST) N 8 4

MNTLBR_PCT Maintenance Labor (% of OM COST) N 8 4

SPVLBR_PCT Supervisory Labor (% of OM COST) N 8 4

MNTMTL_PCT Maintenance Materials (% of OM COST) N 8 4

RPLMTL_PCT Replacement Materials (% of OM COST) N 8 4

ELEC_PCT Electricity (% of OM COST) N 8 4

STEAM_PCT Steam (% of OM COST) N 8 4

FUEL_PCT Fuel (% of OM COST) N 8 4

W STDSP_PCT W aste Disposal (% of OM COST) N 8 4

CHEM_PCT Chemicals (% of OM COST) N 8 4

OMATL_PCT Other Materials (% of OM COST) N 8 4

OTHR_PCT Other (% of OM COST) N 8 4

UTIL_PCT Other Utility Percentage of O&M Costs (% of OM COST) N 8 4

TDIR_PCT Total Direct Costs (% of OM COST) N 8 4

OVRHD_PCT Overhead (% of OM COST) N 8 4

ADMIN_PCT Administrative (% of OM COST) N 8 4

PROPTX_PCT Property Tax (% of OM COST) N 8 4

INSRNC_PCT Insurance (% of OM COST) N 8 4

TINDIR_PCT Total Indirect Costs (% of OM COST) N 8 4
PECHAN May 2006

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Table A-15. Data Structure of tlacn_sic2_<data set name>.dbf

Field Name Description Type Width Decimals

SIC2 Standard Industrial Classification Code C 2

BOXLABEL SIC2 Description C 45

Table A-16. Data Structure of TLACN_STACK_<data set name>.dbf

Field Name Description Type Width Decimals

STACKID Stack ID N 4

STACK Stack Name C 12
PECHAN May 2006

Document No. 06.05.002/9011.002 Report

APPENDIX B: CONTROL MEASURE SUMMARY LIST BY

POLLUTANT
PECHAN May 2006

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Appendix B Control Measure Summary List by Source Category (1999 Baseline) - Sorted alphabetically by Pol

Source Category Control Measure Name

Pollutant(s) Affected

Low Typical H

Control 

Efficienc

y

√ = pollutant reductio, X = pollutant increase, * = major pollutant

PM2.5 PM10 EC OC NOx VOC SO2 NH3 CO Hg

(% from baseline)

Cattle Feedlots Chemical Additives to Waste 50% √* Hog Operations Chemical Additives to Waste 50% √* Poultry Operations Chemical Additives to Waste 75% √* Agricultural Burning Seasonal Ban (Ozone Season Daily) 100% √* Ammonia - Natural Gas - Fired Reformers - Small Sources

Oxygen Trim + Water Injection 65% √* 

Ammonia - Natural Gas - Fired Reformers - Small Sources

Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction (SNCR)

50% 

√* X 

Ammonia - Natural Gas - Fired Reformers - Small Sources

Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) 80% 

√* X 

Ammonia - Natural Gas - Fired Reformers - Small Sources

Low NOx Burner 50% √* 

Ammonia - Natural Gas - Fired Reformers - Small Sources

Low NOx Burner (LNB) + Flue Gas Recirculation (FGR)

60% 

√* 

Ammonia Products; Feedstock Desulfurization - Small Sources

Low NOx Burner + Flue Gas Recirculation

60% 

√* 

Asphaltic Conc; Rotary Dryer; Conv Plant - Small Sources

Low NOx Burner 50% √* 

B-1
Source Category Control Measure Name

Pollutant(s) Affected

Low Typical H

Control 

Efficiency

√ = pollutant reductio, X = pollutant increase, * = major pollutant

PM2.5 PM10 EC OC NOx VOC SO2 NH3 CO Hg

(% from baseline)

By-Product Coke Manufacturing; Oven Underfiring

Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction (SNCR)

60% √* X 

Cement Kilns Biosolid Injection 23% √* Cement Manufacturing - Dry Mid-Kiln Firing 25% 

√* 

Cement Manufacturing - Dry Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction 

(SNCR) Urea Based

50% √* X 

Cement Manufacturing - Dry Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) 80% √* X Cement Manufacturing - Dry Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction 

(SNCR) Ammonia Based

50% √* X 

Cement Manufacturing - Dry Low NOx Burner 25% 

√* 

Cement Manufacturing - Wet Mid-Kiln Firing 25% 

√* 

Cement Manufacturing - Wet Low NOx Burner 25% 

√* 

Cement Manufacturing - Wet - Large Sources

Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) 80% √* X 

Cement Manufacturing - Wet - Small Sources

Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) 80% √* X 

B-2
Source Category Control Measure Name

Pollutant(s) Affected

Low Typical H

Control 

Efficiency

√ = pollutant reductio, X = pollutant increase, * = major pollutant

PM2.5 PM10 EC OC NOx VOC SO2 NH3 CO Hg

(% from baseline)

Ceramic Clay Manufacturing; Drying - Small Sources

Low NOx Burner 50% √* 

Coal Cleaning-Thrml Dryer; Fluidized Bed - Small Sources

Low NOx Burner 50% √* 

Coal-fired Plants with Production Capacities>100MW

Combustion Optimization 20% √* 

Combustion Turbines - Jet Fuel - Small Sources

Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) + Water Injection

90% √* 

Combustion Turbines - Jet Fuel - Small Sources

Water Injection 68% √* 

Combustion Turbines - Natural Gas - Large Sources

Dry Low NOx Combustors 50% 

√* 

Combustion Turbines - Natural Gas - Small Sources

Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) + Water Injection

95% √* 

Combustion Turbines - Natural Gas - Small Sources

Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) + Steam Injection

95% 

√* X 

Combustion Turbines - Natural Gas - Small Sources

Steam Injection 80% √* 

Combustion Turbines - Natural Gas - Small Sources

Water Injection 76% √* 

Combustion Turbines - Natural Gas - Small Sources

Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) + Low NOx Burner (LNB)

94% 

√* X 

B-3
Source Category Control Measure Name

Pollutant(s) Affected

Low Typical H

Control 

Efficiency

√ = pollutant reductio, X = pollutant increase, * = major pollutant

PM2.5 PM10 EC OC NOx VOC SO2 NH3 CO Hg

(% from baseline)

Combustion Turbines - Natural Gas - Small Sources

Dry Low NOx Combustors 84% 

√* 

Combustion Turbines - Oil - Small Sources

Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) + Water Injection

90% √* 

Combustion Turbines - Oil - Small Sources

Water Injection 68% √* 

Commercial/Institutional - Natural Gas

Water Heater Replacement 7% √* 

Commercial/Institutional - Natural Gas

Water Heaters + LNB Space Heaters 7% √* 

Commercial/Institutional Incinerators

Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction (SNCR)

45% √* X 

Conv Coating of Prod; Acid Cleaning Bath - Small Sources

Low NOx Burner 50% √* 

Diesel Locomotives Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) 72% √* Fiberglass Manufacture; TextileType; Recuperative Furnaces Low NOx Burner 40% √* Fluid Catalytic Cracking Units - Small Sources

Low NOx Burner + Flue Gas Recirculation

55% 

√* 

Fuel Fired Equipment - Process Heaters

Low NOx Burner + Flue Gas Recirculation

50% √* 

B-4
Source Category Control Measure Name

Pollutant(s) Affected

Low Typical H

Control 

Efficiency

√ = pollutant reductio, X = pollutant increase, * = major pollutant

PM2.5 PM10 EC OC NOx VOC SO2 NH3 CO Hg

(% from baseline)

Fuel Fired Equipment; Furnaces; Natural Gas

Low NOx Burner 50% √* 

Glass Manufacturing - Containers

OXY-Firing 85% √* 

Glass Manufacturing - Containers

Electric Boost 10% √* 

Glass Manufacturing - Containers

Cullet Preheat 25% √* 

Glass Manufacturing - Containers

Low NOx Burner 40% √* 

Glass Manufacturing - Containers

Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction (SNCR)

40% √* X 

Glass Manufacturing - Containers

Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) 75% √* X 

Glass Manufacturing - Flat OXY-Firing 85% √* Glass Manufacturing - Flat Low NOx Burner 40% √* Glass Manufacturing - Flat Electric Boost 10% √* Glass Manufacturing - Flat - Large Sources

Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) 75% √* X 

B-5
Source Category Control Measure Name

Pollutant(s) Affected

Low Typical H

Control 

Efficiency

√ = pollutant reductio, X = pollutant increase, * = major pollutant

PM2.5 PM10 EC OC NOx VOC SO2 NH3 CO Hg

(% from baseline)

Glass Manufacturing - Flat - Large Sources

Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction (SNCR)

40% √* X 

Glass Manufacturing - Flat - Small Sources

Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) 75% √* X 

Glass Manufacturing - Flat - Small Sources

Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction (SNCR)

40% √* X 

Glass Manufacturing - Pressed Cullet Preheat 25% √* Glass Manufacturing - Pressed Low NOx Burner 40% √* Glass Manufacturing - Pressed Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction 

(SNCR)

40% √* X 

Glass Manufacturing - Pressed Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) 75% √* X Glass Manufacturing - Pressed OXY-Firing 85% √* Glass Manufacturing - Pressed Electric Boost 10% √* Highway Vehicles - Gasoline Engine

Low Reid Vapor Pressure (RVP) Limit in Ozone Season

0.1% 5.5% 11

√ √* √ 

Highway Vehicles - Heavy Duty and Diesel-Fueled Vehicles

Heavy Duty Engine and Vehicle Standards and Highway Diesel Fuel Sulfur Controls

76% √ √ √* √√ √ 

B-6
Source Category Control Measure Name

Pollutant(s) Affected

Low Typical H

Control 

Efficiency

√ = pollutant reductio, X = pollutant increase, * = major pollutant

PM2.5 PM10 EC OC NOx VOC SO2 NH3 CO Hg

(% from baseline)

Highway Vehicles - Heavy Duty and Diesel-Fueled Vehicles

Heavy Duty Engine and Vehicle Standards and Highway Diesel Fuel Sulfur Controls

44% √ √ √* √√ √ 

Highway Vehicles - Heavy Duty and Diesel-Fueled Vehicles

Heavy Duty Engine and Vehicle Standards and Highway Diesel Fuel Sulfur Controls

61% √ √ √* √√ √ 

Highway Vehicles - Heavy Duty and Diesel-Fueled Vehicles

Heavy Duty Engine and Vehicle Standards and Highway Diesel Fuel Sulfur Controls

19% √ √ √* √√ √ 

Highway Vehicles - Heavy Duty Diesel Engines

Voluntary Diesel Retrofit Program: Selective Catalytic Reduction

19.26% √ √ √* √√ √ 

Highway Vehicles - Light Duty and Gasoline-Fueled Vehicles

Tier 2 Motor Vehicle Emissions and Gasoline Sulfur Controls

74% 83% 9

√ √ √* √√ √ 

Highway Vehicles - Light Duty and Gasoline-Fueled Vehicles

Tier 2 Motor Vehicle Emissions and Gasoline Sulfur Controls

43% 54.5% 6

√ √ √* √√ √ 

Highway Vehicles - Light Duty and Gasoline-Fueled Vehicles

Tier 2 Motor Vehicle Emissions and Gasoline Sulfur Controls

52% 64.5% 7

√ √ √* √√ √ 

Highway Vehicles - Light Duty and Gasoline-Fueled Vehicles

Tier 2 Motor Vehicle Emissions and Gasoline Sulfur Controls

28% 34% 4

√ √ √* √√ √ 

Highway Vehicles - Light Duty Gasoline Engines

High Enhanced Inspection and Maintenance (I/M) Program

0.4% 6.5% 13

√* √ √ 

IC Engines - Gas L-E (Low Speed) 87% √* 

IC Engines - Gas - Small Sources

Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) 90% √* 

B-7
Source Category Control Measure Name

Pollutant(s) Affected

Low Typical H

Control 

Efficiency

√ = pollutant reductio, X = pollutant increase, * = major pollutant

PM2.5 PM10 EC OC NOx VOC SO2 NH3 CO Hg

(% from baseline)

IC Engines - Gas, Diesel, LPG - Small Sources

Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) 80% √* 

IC Engines - Gas, Diesel, LPG - Small Sources

Ignition Retard 25% √* 

ICI Boilers - Coal/Cyclone - Large Sources

Coal Reburn 50% √* 

ICI Boilers - Coal/Cyclone - Small Sources

Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) 80% √* 

ICI Boilers - Coal/Cyclone - Small Sources

Natural Gas Reburn (NGR) 55% √* 

ICI Boilers - Coal/Cyclone - Small Sources

Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction (SNCR)

35% √* X 

ICI Boilers - Coal/Cyclone - Small Sources

Coal Reburn 50% √* 

ICI Boilers - Coal/FBC - Large Sources

Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction (SNCR) Urea Based

40% √* X 

ICI Boilers - Coal/FBC - Small Sources

Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction (SNCR) Urea Based

75% √* X 

ICI Boilers - Coal/Stoker - Small Sources

Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction (SNCR)

40% 

√* X 

ICI Boilers - Coal/Stoker - Small Sources

Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction (SNCR)

40% √* X 

B-8
Source Category Control Measure Name

Pollutant(s) Affected

Low Typical H

Control 

Efficiency

√ = pollutant reductio, X = pollutant increase, * = major pollutant

PM2.5 PM10 EC OC NOx VOC SO2 NH3 CO Hg

(% from baseline)

ICI Boilers - Coal/Wall - Large Sources

Low NOx Burner 50% √* 

ICI Boilers - Coal/Wall - Large Sources

Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) 70% √* X 

ICI Boilers - Coal/Wall - Large Sources

Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction (SNCR)

40% √* X 

ICI Boilers - Coal/Wall - Small Sources

Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) 70% √* 

ICI Boilers - Coal/Wall - Small Sources

Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction (SNCR)

40% 

√* X 

ICI Boilers - Coal/Wall - Small Sources

Low NOx Burner 50% √* 

ICI Boilers - Coke - Small Sources

Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction (SNCR)

40% 

√* X 

ICI Boilers - Coke - Small Sources

Low NOx Burner 50% √* 

ICI Boilers - Coke - Small Sources

Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) 70% √* X 

ICI Boilers - Distillate Oil - Large Sources

Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction (SNCR)

50% √* X 

ICI Boilers - Distillate Oil - Small Sources

Low NOx Burner 50% √* 

B-9
Source Category Control Measure Name

Pollutant(s) Affected

Low Typical H

Control 

Efficiency

√ = pollutant reductio, X = pollutant increase, * = major pollutant

PM2.5 PM10 EC OC NOx VOC SO2 NH3 CO Hg

(% from baseline)

ICI Boilers - Distillate Oil - Small Sources

Low NOx Burner + Flue Gas Recirculation

60% 

√* 

ICI Boilers - Distillate Oil - Small Sources

Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) 80% 

√* X 

ICI Boilers - Distillate Oil - Small Sources

Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction (SNCR)

50% 

√* X 

ICI Boilers - Liquid Waste Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) 80% 

√* X 

ICI Boilers - Liquid Waste - Small Sources

Low NOx Burner 50% √* 

ICI Boilers - Liquid Waste - Small Sources

Low NOx Burner + Flue Gas Recirculation

60% 

√* 

ICI Boilers - Liquid Waste - Small Sources

Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction (SNCR)

50% 

√* X 

ICI Boilers - LPG - Small Sources

Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) 80% 

√* X 

ICI Boilers - LPG - Small Sources

Low NOx Burner + Flue Gas Recirculation

60% 

√* 

ICI Boilers - LPG - Small Sources

Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction (SNCR)

50% 

√* X 

ICI Boilers - LPG - Small Sources

Low NOx Burner 50% √* 

B-10
Source Category Control Measure Name

Pollutant(s) Affected

Low Typical H

Control 

Efficiency

√ = pollutant reductio, X = pollutant increase, * = major pollutant

PM2.5 PM10 EC OC NOx VOC SO2 NH3 CO Hg

(% from baseline)

ICI Boilers - MSW/Stoker - Small Sources

Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction (SNCR) Urea Based

55% √* X 

ICI Boilers - Natural Gas - Large Sources

Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction (SNCR)

50% √* X 

ICI Boilers - Natural Gas - Small Sources

Low NOx Burner + Flue Gas Recirculation

60% 

√* 

ICI Boilers - Natural Gas - Small Sources

Oxygen Trim + Water Injection 65% √* 

ICI Boilers - Natural Gas - Small Sources

Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) 80% 

√* X 

ICI Boilers - Natural Gas - Small Sources

Low NOx Burner 50% √* 

ICI Boilers - Natural Gas - Small Sources

Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction (SNCR)

50% 

√* X 

ICI Boilers - Process Gas - Small Sources

Oxygen Trim + Water Injection 65% √* 

ICI Boilers - Process Gas - Small Sources

Low NOx Burner 50% √* 

ICI Boilers - Process Gas - Small Sources

Low NOx Burner + Flue Gas Recirculation

60% 

√* 

ICI Boilers - Process Gas - Small Sources

Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) 80% 

√* X 

B-11
Source Category Control Measure Name

Pollutant(s) Affected

Low Typical H

Control 

Efficiency

√ = pollutant reductio, X = pollutant increase, * = major pollutant

PM2.5 PM10 EC OC NOx VOC SO2 NH3 CO Hg

(% from baseline)

ICI Boilers - Residual Oil - Large Sources

Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction (SNCR)

50% √* X 

ICI Boilers - Residual Oil - Small Sources

Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) 80% 

√* X 

ICI Boilers - Residual Oil - Small Sources

Low NOx Burner 50% √* 

ICI Boilers - Residual Oil - Small Sources

Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction (SNCR)

50% 

√* X 

ICI Boilers - Residual Oil - Small Sources

Low NOx Burner + Flue Gas Recirculation

60% 

√* 

ICI Boilers - Wood/Bark/Stoker - Large Sources

Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction (SNCR) Urea Based

55% √* X 

ICI Boilers - Wood/Bark/Stoker - Small Sources

Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction (SNCR) Urea Based

55% √* X 

Industrial Coal Combustion RACT to 25 tpy (LNB) 21% √* Industrial Coal Combustion RACT to 50 tpy (LNB) 21% √* Industrial Incinerators Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction 

(SNCR)

45% √* X 

Industrial Natural Gas Combustion

RACT to 50 tpy (LNB) 31% √* 

B-12
Source Category Control Measure Name

Pollutant(s) Affected

Low Typical H

Control 

Efficiency

√ = pollutant reductio, X = pollutant increase, * = major pollutant

PM2.5 PM10 EC OC NOx VOC SO2 NH3 CO Hg

(% from baseline)

Industrial Natural Gas Combustion

RACT to 25 tpy (LNB) 31% √* 

Industrial Oil Combustion RACT to 50 tpy (LNB) 36% √* Industrial Oil Combustion RACT to 25 tpy (LNB) 36% √* In-Proc; Process Gas; Coke Oven/Blast Ovens

Low NOx Burner + Flue Gas Recirculation

55% 

√* 

In-Process Fuel Use - Bituminous Coal - Small Sources

Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction (SNCR)

40% √* X 

In-Process Fuel Use; Natural Gas - Small Sources

Low NOx Burner 50% √* 

In-Process Fuel Use; Residual Oil - Small Sources

Low NOx Burner 37% √* 

In-Process; Bituminous Coal; Cement Kilns

Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction (SNCR) Urea Based

50% √* X 

In-Process; Bituminous Coal; Lime Kilns

Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction (SNCR) Urea Based

50% √* X 

In-Process; Process Gas; Coke Oven Gas

Low NOx Burner 50% √* 

Internal Combustion Engines - Gas

L-E (Medium Speed) 87% √* 

B-13
Source Category Control Measure Name

Pollutant(s) Affected

Low Typical H

Control 

Efficiency

√ = pollutant reductio, X = pollutant increase, * = major pollutant

PM2.5 PM10 EC OC NOx VOC SO2 NH3 CO Hg

(% from baseline)

Internal Combustion Engines - Gas - Large Sources

Ignition Retard 20% √* 

Internal Combustion Engines - Gas - Large Sources

Air/Fuel + Ignition Retard 30% 

√* 

Internal Combustion Engines - Gas - Large Sources

Air/Fuel Ratio Adjustment 20% √* 

Internal Combustion Engines - Gas - Small Sources

Air/Fuel + Ignition Retard 30% 

√* 

Internal Combustion Engines - Gas - Small Sources

Air/Fuel Ratio Adjustment 20% √* 

Internal Combustion Engines - Gas - Small Sources

Ignition Retard 20% √* 

Internal Combustion Engines - Oil - Small Sources

Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) 80% √* X 

Internal Combustion Engines - Oil - Small Sources

Ignition Retard 25% √* 

Iron & Steel Mills - Annealing Low NOx Burner (LNB) + SCR 80% 

√* X 

Iron & Steel Mills - Annealing Low NOx Burner + Flue Gas 

Recirculation

60% 

√* 

Iron & Steel Mills - Annealing Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction 

(SNCR)

60% √* X 

B-14
Source Category Control Measure Name

Pollutant(s) Affected

Low Typical H

Control 

Efficiency

√ = pollutant reductio, X = pollutant increase, * = major pollutant

PM2.5 PM10 EC OC NOx VOC SO2 NH3 CO Hg

(% from baseline)

Iron & Steel Mills - Annealing Low NOx Burner 50% √* Iron & Steel Mills - Annealing - Small Sources

Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) 85% √* X 

Iron & Steel Mills - Annealing - Small Sources

Low NOx Burner (LNB) + Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR)

90% 

√* X 

Iron & Steel Mills - Galvanizing Low NOx Burner + Flue Gas 

Recirculation

60% 

√* 

Iron & Steel Mills - Galvanizing Low NOx Burner 50% √* 

Iron & Steel Mills - Reheating Low NOx Burner + Flue Gas 

Recirculation

77% 

√* 

Iron & Steel Mills - Reheating Low NOx Burner 66% √* 

Iron & Steel Mills - Reheating Low Excess Air (LEA) 13% √* Iron Production; Blast Furnaces; Blast Heating Stoves

Low NOx Burner + Flue Gas Recirculation

77% √* 

Lime Kilns Low NOx Burner 30% √* Lime Kilns Mid-Kiln Firing 30% √* 

B-15
Source Category Control Measure Name

Pollutant(s) Affected

Low Typical H

Control 

Efficiency

√ = pollutant reductio, X = pollutant increase, * = major pollutant

PM2.5 PM10 EC OC NOx VOC SO2 NH3 CO Hg

(% from baseline)

Medical Waste Incinerators Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction 

(SNCR)

45% √* X 

Municipal Waste Combustors Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction 

(SNCR)

45% √* X 

Natural Gas Production; Compressors - Small Sources

Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) 20% √* X 

Nitric Acid Manufacturing - Small Sources

Extended Absorption 95% √* 

Nitric Acid Manufacturing - Small Sources

Non-Selective Catalytic Reduction (NSCR)

98% 

√* X 

Nitric Acid Manufacturing - Small Sources

Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) 97% √* X 

Off-Highway Diesel Vehicles Final Compression-Ignition (C-I) 

Engine Standards

65% 72% 7

√ √ √* √ √ 

Off-Highway Diesel Vehicles Final Compression-Ignition (C-I) 

Engine Standards

49% 62% 7

√ √ √* √ √ 

Off-Highway Diesel Vehicles Final Compression-Ignition (C-I) 

Engine Standards

34% 45.5% 5

√ √ √* √ √ 

Off-Highway Diesel Vehicles Final Compression-Ignition (C-I) 

Engine Standards

21% 30% 5

√ √ √* √ √ 

Off-Highway Gasoline Vehicles Large Spark-Ignition (S-I) Engine 

Standards

-32% 33.5% 9

√ √ √* √ √ 

B-16
Source Category Control Measure Name

Pollutant(s) Affected

Low Typical H

Control 

Efficiency

√ = pollutant reductio, X = pollutant increase, * = major pollutant

PM2.5 PM10 EC OC NOx VOC SO2 NH3 CO Hg

(% from baseline)

Off-Highway Gasoline Vehicles Large Spark-Ignition (S-I) Engine 

Standards

-26% 33.5% 9

√ √ √* √ √ 

Off-Highway Gasoline Vehicles Large Spark-Ignition (S-I) Engine 

Standards

-31% 29% 9

√ √ √* √ √ 

Off-Highway Gasoline Vehicles Large Spark-Ignition (S-I) Engine 

Standards

-26% 35.5% 7

√ √ √* √ √ 

Open Burning Episodic Ban (Daily Only) 100% √* Plastics Prod-Specific; (ABS) - Small Sources

Low NOx Burner + Flue Gas Recirculation

55% 

√* 

Process Heaters - Distillate Oil - Small Sources

Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) 75% √* X 

Process Heaters - Distillate Oil - Small Sources

Low NOx Burner - Selective NonCatalytic Reduction (SNCR) 78% 

√* X 

Process Heaters - Distillate Oil - Small Sources

Ultra Low NOx Burner 74% √* 

Process Heaters - Distillate Oil - Small Sources

Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction (SNCR)

60% √* X 

Process Heaters - Distillate Oil - Small Sources

Low NOx Burner + Flue Gas Recirculation

48% 

√* 

Process Heaters - Distillate Oil - Small Sources

Low NOx Burner 45% √* 

B-17
Source Category Control Measure Name

Pollutant(s) Affected

Low Typical H

Control 

Efficiency

√ = pollutant reductio, X = pollutant increase, * = major pollutant

PM2.5 PM10 EC OC NOx VOC SO2 NH3 CO Hg

(% from baseline)

Process Heaters - Distillate Oil - Small Sources

Low NOx Burner (LNB) + Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR)

92% 

√* X 

Process Heaters - LPG - Small Sources

Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction (SNCR)

60% √* X 

Process Heaters - LPG - Small Sources

Low NOx Burner (LNB) + Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR)

92% 

√* X 

Process Heaters - LPG - Small Sources

Low NOx Burner (LNB) + SNCR 78% 

√* X 

Process Heaters - LPG - Small Sources

Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) 75% √* X 

Process Heaters - LPG - Small Sources

Ultra Low NOx Burner 74% √* 

Process Heaters - LPG - Small Sources

Low NOx Burner 45% √* 

Process Heaters - LPG - Small Sources

Low NOx Burner + Flue Gas Recirculation

48% 

√* 

Process Heaters - Natural Gas - Small Sources

Ultra Low NOx Burner 75% √* 

Process Heaters - Natural Gas - Small Sources

Low NOx Burner 50% √* 

Process Heaters - Natural Gas - Small Sources

Low NOx Burner + Flue Gas Recirculation

55% 

√* 

B-18
Source Category Control Measure Name

Pollutant(s) Affected

Low Typical H

Control 

Efficiency

√ = pollutant reductio, X = pollutant increase, * = major pollutant

PM2.5 PM10 EC OC NOx VOC SO2 NH3 CO Hg

(% from baseline)

Process Heaters - Natural Gas - Small Sources

Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction (SNCR)

60% √* X 

Process Heaters - Natural Gas - Small Sources

Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) 75% √* X 

Process Heaters - Natural Gas - Small Sources

Low NOx Burner (LNB) + Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR)

88% 

√* X 

Process Heaters - Natural Gas - Small Sources

Low NOx Burner (LNB) + SNCR 80% 

√* X 

Process Heaters - Other Fuel - Small Sources

Low NOx Burner (LNB) + SNCR 75% 

√* X 

Process Heaters - Other Fuel - Small Sources

Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) 75% √* X 

Process Heaters - Other Fuel - Small Sources

Ultra Low NOx Burner 73% √* 

Process Heaters - Other Fuel - Small Sources

Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction (SNCR)

60% √* X 

Process Heaters - Other Fuel - Small Sources

Low NOx Burner 37% √* 

Process Heaters - Other Fuel - Small Sources

Low NOx Burner + Flue Gas Recirculation

34% √* 

Process Heaters - Other Fuel - Small Sources

Low NOx Burner (LNB) + Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR)

91% 

√* X 

B-19
Source Category Control Measure Name

Pollutant(s) Affected

Low Typical H

Control 

Efficiency

√ = pollutant reductio, X = pollutant increase, * = major pollutant

PM2.5 PM10 EC OC NOx VOC SO2 NH3 CO Hg

(% from baseline)

Process Heaters - Process Gas - Small Sources

Low NOx Burner (LNB) + Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR)

88% 

√* X 

Process Heaters - Process Gas - Small Sources

Low NOx Burner + Flue Gas Recirculation

55% 

√* 

Process Heaters - Process Gas - Small Sources

Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction (SNCR)

60% √* X 

Process Heaters - Process Gas - Small Sources

Ultra Low NOx Burner 75% √* 

Process Heaters - Process Gas - Small Sources

Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) 75% √* X 

Process Heaters - Process Gas - Small Sources

Low NOx Burner (LNB) +Selective Reduction SNCR

80% 

√* X 

Process Heaters - Process Gas - Small Sources

Low NOx Burner 50% √* 

Process Heaters - Residual Oil - Small Sources

Low NOx Burner (LNB) + Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR)

91% 

√* X 

Process Heaters - Residual Oil - Small Sources

Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) 75% √* X 

Process Heaters - Residual Oil - Small Sources

Low NOx Burner (LNB) + SCR 75% 

√* X 

Process Heaters - Residual Oil - Small Sources

Ultra Low NOx Burner 73% √* 

B-20
Source Category Control Measure Name

Pollutant(s) Affected

Low Typical H

Control 

Efficiency

√ = pollutant reductio, X = pollutant increase, * = major pollutant

PM2.5 PM10 EC OC NOx VOC SO2 NH3 CO Hg

(% from baseline)

Process Heaters - Residual Oil - Small Sources

Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction (SNCR)

60% √* X 

Process Heaters - Residual Oil - Small Sources

Low NOx Burner 37% √* 

Process Heaters - Residual Oil - Small Sources

Low NOx Burner + Flue Gas Recirculation

34% √* 

Residential Natural Gas Water Heater Replacement 7% √* Residential Natural Gas Water Heater + LNB Space Heaters 7% √* Rich-Burn Stationary Reciprocating Internal Combustion Engines

Non-selective catalytic reduction 90% √* 

Rich-Burn Stationary Reciprocating Internal Combustion Engines

Non-selective catalytic reduction 90% √* 

Rich-Burn Stationary Reciprocating Internal Combustion Engines (RICE)

Non-selective catalytic reduction (NSCR)

90% √* √ √ 

Sand/Gravel; Dryer - Small Sources

Low NOx Burner + Flue Gas Recirculation

55% 

√* 

Secondary Aluminum Production; Smelting Furnaces

Low NOx Burner 50% √* 

Solid Waste Disposal; Government; Other

Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction (SNCR)

45% √* X 

B-21
Source Category Control Measure Name

Pollutant(s) Affected

Low Typical H

Control 

Efficiency

√ = pollutant reductio, X = pollutant increase, * = major pollutant

PM2.5 PM10 EC OC NOx VOC SO2 NH3 CO Hg

(% from baseline)

Space Heaters - Distillate Oil - Small Sources

Low NOx Burner 50% √* 

Space Heaters - Distillate Oil - Small Sources

Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction (SNCR)

50% 

√* X 

Space Heaters - Distillate Oil - Small Sources

Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) 80% 

√* X 

Space Heaters - Distillate Oil - Small Sources

Low NOx Burner + Flue Gas Recirculation

60% 

√* 

Space Heaters - Natural Gas - Small Sources

Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction (SNCR)

50% 

√* X 

Space Heaters - Natural Gas - Small Sources

Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) 80% 

√* X 

Space Heaters - Natural Gas - Small Sources

Oxygen Trim + Water Injection 65% √* 

Space Heaters - Natural Gas - Small Sources

Low NOx Burner + Flue Gas Recirculation

60% 

√* 

Space Heaters - Natural Gas - Small Sources

Low NOx Burner 50% √* 

Starch Manufacturing; Combined Operation - Small Sources

Low NOx Burner + Flue Gas Recirculation

55% 

√* 

Steel Foundries; Heat Treating Low NOx Burner 50% √* 

B-22
Source Category Control Measure Name

Pollutant(s) Affected

Low Typical H

Control 

Efficiency

√ = pollutant reductio, X = pollutant increase, * = major pollutant

PM2.5 PM10 EC OC NOx VOC SO2 NH3 CO Hg

(% from baseline)

Steel Production; Soaking Pits Low NOx Burner + Flue Gas 

Recirculation

60% 

√* 

Sulfate Pulping - Recovery Furnaces - Small Sources

Low NOx Burner + Flue Gas Recirculation

60% 

√* 

Sulfate Pulping - Recovery Furnaces - Small Sources

Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) 80% 

√* X 

Sulfate Pulping - Recovery Furnaces - Small Sources

Low NOx Burner 50% √* 

Sulfate Pulping - Recovery Furnaces - Small Sources

Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction (SNCR)

50% 

√* X 

Sulfate Pulping - Recovery Furnaces - Small Sources

Oxygen Trim + Water Injection 65% √* 

Surface Coat Oper; Coating Oven Htr; Nat Gas - Small Sources

Low NOx Burner 50% √* X 

Utility Boiler - Coal/Tangential Low NOx Coal-and-Air Nozzles with 

Close-Coupled and Separated Overfire Air (LNC3)

58% √* 

Utility Boiler - Coal/Tangential Low NOx Coal-and-Air Nozzles with 

cross-Coupled Overfire Air (LNC1)

43% √* 

Utility Boiler - Coal/Tangential Low NOx Coal-and-Air Nozzles with 

separated Overfire Air (LNC2)

48% √* 

Utility Boiler - Coal/Tangential Low NOx Coal-and-Air Nozzles with 

Close-Coupled and Separated Overfire Air (LNC3)

53% √* 

B-23
Source Category Control Measure Name

Pollutant(s) Affected

Low Typical H

Control 

Efficiency

√ = pollutant reductio, X = pollutant increase, * = major pollutant

PM2.5 PM10 EC OC NOx VOC SO2 NH3 CO Hg

(% from baseline)

Utility Boiler - Coal/Tangential Low NOx Coal-and-Air Nozzles with 

separated Overfire Air (LNC2)

38% √* 

Utility Boiler - Coal/Tangential Low NOx Coal-and-Air Nozzles with 

cross-Coupled Overfire Air (LNC1)

33% √* 

Utility Boiler - Coal/Tangential Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) 90%

(Hg 95%) √* X √ 

Utility Boiler - Coal/Tangential Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction 

(SNCR)

35% √* X 

Utility Boiler - Coal/Tangential Natural Gas Reburn (NGR) 50% √* Utility Boiler - Coal/Wall Low NOx Burner with Overfire Air 56% √* Utility Boiler - Coal/Wall Low NOx Burner with Overfire Air 55% √* Utility Boiler - Coal/Wall Low NOx Burner without Overfire Air 40% √* Utility Boiler - Coal/Wall Low NOx Burner without Overfire Air 41 √* Utility Boiler - Coal/Wall Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction 

(SNCR)

35% √* X 

Utility Boiler - Coal/Wall Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) 90% √* X 

B-24
Source Category Control Measure Name

Pollutant(s) Affected

Low Typical H

Control 

Efficiency

√ = pollutant reductio, X = pollutant increase, * = major pollutant

PM2.5 PM10 EC OC NOx VOC SO2 NH3 CO Hg

(% from baseline)

Utility Boiler - Coal/Wall Natural Gas Reburn (NGR) 50% √* Utility Boiler - Cyclone Natural Gas Reburn (NGR) 50% √* Utility Boiler - Cyclone Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction 

(SNCR)

35% √* X 

Utility Boiler - Cyclone Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) 80% √* X Utility Boiler - OilGas/Tangential Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction (SNCR) 50% √* X Utility Boiler - OilGas/Tangential Natural Gas Reburn (NGR) 50% √* Utility Boiler - OilGas/Tangential Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) 80% √* X Utility Boiler - Oil-Gas/Wall Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction 

(SNCR)

50% √* X 

Utility Boiler - Oil-Gas/Wall Natural Gas Reburn (NGR) 50% √* Utility Boiler - Oil-Gas/Wall Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) 80% √* X Agricultural Burning Bale Stack/Propane Burning 49% 63% 6

√ √* √ √ 

B-25
Source Category Control Measure Name

Pollutant(s) Affected

Low Typical H

Control 

Efficiency

√ = pollutant reductio, X = pollutant increase, * = major pollutant

PM2.5 PM10 EC OC NOx VOC SO2 NH3 CO Hg

(% from baseline)

Agricultural Tilling Soil Conservation Plans 11.7% √ √ √√ Asphalt Manufacture CEM Upgrade and Increased 

Monitoring Frequency of PM Controls

7.7% √* √* 

Asphalt Manufacture Increased Monitoring Frequency 

(IMF) of PM Controls

6.5% √* √* √ √ 

Asphalt Manufacture Paper/Nonwoven Filters - Cartridge 

Collector Type

99% 

√ √* √ √ 

Asphalt Manufacture Fabric Filter (Mech. Shaker Type) 99% 

√ √* √ √ 

Asphalt Manufacture Fabric Filter (Reverse-Air Cleaned 

Type)

99% 

√ √* √ √ 

Asphalt Manufacture Fabric Filter (Pulse Jet Type) 99% 

√ √* √ √ 

Beef Cattle Feedlots Watering 50% √ √* √ √ 

Chemical Manufacture Increased Monitoring Frequency 

(IMF) of PM Controls

6.5% √* √* √ √ 

Chemical Manufacture CEM Upgrade and Increased 

Monitoring Frequency of PM Controls

7.7% √* √* 

Chemical Manufacture Wet ESP - Wire Plate Type 99% 

√ √* √ √ 

B-26
Source Category Control Measure Name

Pollutant(s) Affected

Low Typical H

Control 

Efficiency

√ = pollutant reductio, X = pollutant increase, * = major pollutant

PM2.5 PM10 EC OC NOx VOC SO2 NH3 CO Hg

(% from baseline)

Commercial Institutional Boilers - Coal

CEM Upgrade and Increased Monitoring Frequency of PM Controls

7.7% √* √* 

Commercial Institutional Boilers - Coal

Increased Monitoring Frequency (IMF) of PM Controls

6.5% √* √* √ √ 

Commercial Institutional Boilers - Coal

Fabric Filter (Pulse Jet Type) 99% 

√ √* √ √ 

Commercial Institutional Boilers - Coal

Fabric Filter (Reverse-Air Cleaned Type)

99% 

√ √* √ √ 

Commercial Institutional Boilers - Coal

Dry ESP-Wire Plate Type 98% 

√ √* √ √ 

Commercial Institutional Boilers - Natural Gas

Increased Monitoring Frequency (IMF) of PM Controls

6.5% √* √* √ √ 

Commercial Institutional Boilers - Oil

Increased Monitoring Frequency (IMF) of PM Controls

6.5% √* √* √ √ 

Commercial Institutional Boilers - Oil

CEM Upgrade and Increased Monitoring Frequency of PM Controls

7.7% √* √* 

Commercial Institutional Boilers - Oil

Dry ESP-Wire Plate Type 98% 

√ √* √ √ 

Commercial Institutional Boilers - Solid Waste

Increased Monitoring Frequency (IMF) of PM Controls

6.5% √* √* √ √ 

Commercial Institutional Boilers - Solid Waste

CEM Upgrade and Increased Monitoring Frequency of PM Controls

7.7% √* √* 

B-27
Source Category Control Measure Name

Pollutant(s) Affected

Low Typical H

Control 

Efficiency

√ = pollutant reductio, X = pollutant increase, * = major pollutant

PM2.5 PM10 EC OC NOx VOC SO2 NH3 CO Hg

(% from baseline)

Commercial Institutional Boilers - Wood

CEM Upgrade and Increased Monitoring Frequency of PM Controls

7.7% √* √* 

Commercial Institutional Boilers - Wood

Increased Monitoring Frequency (IMF) of PM Controls

6.5% √* √* √ √ 

Commercial Institutional Boilers - Wood/Bark

Dry ESP-Wire Plate Type 90% 

√ √* √ √ 

Commercial Institutional Boilers - Wood/Bark

Fabric Filter (Reverse-Air Cleaned Type)

80% 

√ √* √ √ 

Commercial Institutional Boilers - Wood/Bark

Fabric Filter (Pulse Jet Type) 80% 

√ √* √ √ 

Construction Activities Dust Control Plan 62.5% √ √* √ √ 

Conveyorized Charbroilers Catalytic Oxidizer 80% 83% 9

√* √* √√ √ 

Conveyorized Charbroilers ESP for Commercial Cooking 99% 99% 9

√* √* √ √ 

Electric Generation - Coke Increased Monitoring Frequency 

(IMF) of PM Controls

6.5% √* √* √ √ 

Electric Generation - Coke CEM Upgrade and Increased 

Monitoring Frequency of PM Controls

7.7% √* √* 

Electric Generation - Bagasse Increased Monitoring Frequency 

(IMF) of PM Controls

6.5% √* √* √ √ 

B-28
Source Category Control Measure Name

Pollutant(s) Affected

Low Typical H

Control 

Efficiency

√ = pollutant reductio, X = pollutant increase, * = major pollutant

PM2.5 PM10 EC OC NOx VOC SO2 NH3 CO Hg

(% from baseline)

Electric Generation - Bagasse CEM Upgrade and Increased 

Monitoring Frequency of PM Controls

7.7% √* √* 

Electric Generation - Coal CEM Upgrade and Increased 

Monitoring Frequency of PM Controls

7.7% √* √* 

Electric Generation - Coal Increased Monitoring Frequency 

(IMF) of PM Controls

6.5% √* √* √ √ 

Electric Generation - Coal Two plate ESP upgrade 67% √* √ √√ Electric Generation - Coal Indigo Agglomerator 40% √* √ √√ Electric Generation - Coal One plate ESP upgrade 44% √* √ √√ Electric Generation - Liquid Waste

CEM Upgrade and Increased Monitoring Frequency of PM Controls

7.7% √* √* 

Electric Generation - Liquid Waste

Increased Monitoring Frequency (IMF) of PM Controls

6.5% √* √* √ √ 

Electric Generation - LPG CEM Upgrade and Increased 

Monitoring Frequency of PM Controls

7.7% √* √* 

Electric Generation - LPG Increased Monitoring Frequency 

(IMF) of PM Controls

6.5% √* √* √ √ 

Electric Generation - Natural Gas

Increased Monitoring Frequency (IMF) of PM Controls

6.5% √* √* √ √ 

B-29
Source Category Control Measure Name

Pollutant(s) Affected

Low Typical H

Control 

Efficiency

√ = pollutant reductio, X = pollutant increase, * = major pollutant

PM2.5 PM10 EC OC NOx VOC SO2 NH3 CO Hg

(% from baseline)

Electric Generation - Natural Gas

CEM Upgrade and Increased Monitoring Frequency of PM Controls

7.7% √* √* 

Electric Generation - Oil Increased Monitoring Frequency 

(IMF) of PM Controls

6.5% √* √* √ √ 

Electric Generation - Oil CEM Upgrade and Increased 

Monitoring Frequency of PM Controls

7.7% √* √* 

Electric Generation - Solid Waste

Increased Monitoring Frequency (IMF) of PM Controls

6.5% √* √* √ √ 

Electric Generation - Solid Waste

CEM Upgrade and Increased Monitoring Frequency of PM Controls

7.7% √* √* 

Electric Generation - Wood Increased Monitoring Frequency 

(IMF) of PM Controls

6.5% √* √* √ √ 

Electric Generation - Wood CEM Upgrade and Increased 

Monitoring Frequency of PM Controls

7.7% √* √* 

Fabricated Metal Products - Abrasive Blasting

Paper/Nonwoven Filters - Cartridge Collector Type

99% 

√ √* √ √ 

Fabricated Metal Products - Welding

Paper/Nonwoven Filters - Cartridge Collector Type

99% 

√ √* √ √ 

Ferrous Metals Processing - Coke

Increased Monitoring Frequency (IMF) of PM Controls

6.5% √* √* √ √ 

Ferrous Metals Processing - Coke

CEM Upgrade and Increased Monitoring Frequency of PM Controls

7.7% √* √* 

B-30
Source Category Control Measure Name

Pollutant(s) Affected

Low Typical H

Control 

Efficiency

√ = pollutant reductio, X = pollutant increase, * = major pollutant

PM2.5 PM10 EC OC NOx VOC SO2 NH3 CO Hg

(% from baseline)

Ferrous Metals Processing - Coke

Venturi Scrubber 93% 

√ √* √ √ 

Ferrous Metals Processing - Coke

Fabric Filter (Reverse-Air Cleaned Type)

99% 

√ √* √ √ 

Ferrous Metals Processing - Coke

Fabric Filter (Mech. Shaker Type) 99% 

√ √* √ √ 

Ferrous Metals Processing - Ferroalloy Production

Increased Monitoring Frequency (IMF) of PM Controls

6.5% √* √* √ √ 

Ferrous Metals Processing - Ferroalloy Production

CEM Upgrade and Increased Monitoring Frequency of PM Controls

7.7% √* √* 

Ferrous Metals Processing - Ferroalloy Production

Dry ESP-Wire Plate Type 98% 

√ √* √ √ 

Ferrous Metals Processing - Ferroalloy Production

Fabric Filter (Mech. Shaker Type) 99% 

√ √* √ √ 

Ferrous Metals Processing - Ferroalloy Production

Fabric Filter (Reverse-Air Cleaned Type)

99% 

√ √* √ √ 

Ferrous Metals Processing - Gray Iron Foundries

Fabric Filter (Mech. Shaker Type) 99% 

√ √* √ √ 

Ferrous Metals Processing - Gray Iron Foundries

Increased Monitoring Frequency (IMF) of PM Controls

6.5% √* √* √ √ 

Ferrous Metals Processing - Gray Iron Foundries

CEM Upgrade and Increased Monitoring Frequency of PM Controls

7.7% √* √* 

B-31
Source Category Control Measure Name

Pollutant(s) Affected

Low Typical H

Control 

Efficiency

√ = pollutant reductio, X = pollutant increase, * = major pollutant

PM2.5 PM10 EC OC NOx VOC SO2 NH3 CO Hg

(% from baseline)

Ferrous Metals Processing - Gray Iron Foundries

Impingement-Plate Scrubber 64% 

√ √* √ √ 

Ferrous Metals Processing - Gray Iron Foundries

Venturi Scrubber 94% 

√ √* √ √ 

Ferrous Metals Processing - Gray Iron Foundries

Fabric Filter (Reverse-Air Cleaned Type)

99% 

√ √* √ √ 

Ferrous Metals Processing - Iron & Steel Production

CEM Upgrade and Increased Monitoring Frequency of PM Controls

7.7% √* √* 

Ferrous Metals Processing - Iron & Steel Production

Increased Monitoring Frequency (IMF) of PM Controls

6.5% √* √* √ √ 

Ferrous Metals Processing - Iron and Steel Production

Sinter Cooler 99% √* √ √√ 

Ferrous Metals Processing - Iron and Steel Production

Capture Hood Vented to a Baghouse 85% √* √ √√ 

Ferrous Metals Processing - Iron and Steel Production

Secondary Capture and Control System

85% √* √ √√ 

Ferrous Metals Processing - Iron and Steel Production

Fabric Filter (Mech. Shaker Type) 99% 

√ √* √ √ 

Ferrous Metals Processing - Iron and Steel Production

Fabric Filter (Pulse Jet Type) 99% 

√ √* √ √ 

Ferrous Metals Processing - Iron and Steel Production

Wet ESP - Wire Plate Type 99% 

√ √* √ √ 

B-32
Source Category Control Measure Name

Pollutant(s) Affected

Low Typical H

Control 

Efficiency

√ = pollutant reductio, X = pollutant increase, * = major pollutant

PM2.5 PM10 EC OC NOx VOC SO2 NH3 CO Hg

(% from baseline)

Ferrous Metals Processing - Iron and Steel Production

Dry ESP-Wire Plate Type 98% 

√ √* √ √ 

Ferrous Metals Processing - Iron and Steel Production

Venturi Scrubber 73% 

√ √* √ √ 

Ferrous Metals Processing - Iron and Steel Production

Fabric Filter (Reverse-Air Cleaned Type)

99% 

√ √* √ √ 

Ferrous Metals Processing - Other

Increased Monitoring Frequency (IMF) of PM Controls

6.5% √* √* √ √ 

Ferrous Metals Processing - Other

CEM Upgrade and Increased Monitoring Frequency of PM Controls

7.7% √* √* 

Ferrous Metals Processing - Steel Foundries

CEM Upgrade and Increased Monitoring Frequency of PM Controls

7.7% √* √* 

Ferrous Metals Processing - Steel Foundries

Increased Monitoring Frequency (IMF) of PM Controls

6.5% √* √* √ √ 

Ferrous Metals Processing - Steel Foundries

Venturi Scrubber 73% 

√ √* √ √ 

Ferrous Metals Processing - Steel Foundries

Fabric Filter (Reverse-Air Cleaned Type)

99% 

√ √* √ √ 

Ferrous Metals Processing - Steel Foundries

Fabric Filter (Pulse Jet Type) 99% 

√ √* √ √ 

Ferrous Metals Processing - Steel Foundries

Fabric Filter (Mech. Shaker Type) 99% 

√ √* √ √ 

B-33
Source Category Control Measure Name

Pollutant(s) Affected

Low Typical H

Control 

Efficiency

√ = pollutant reductio, X = pollutant increase, * = major pollutant

PM2.5 PM10 EC OC NOx VOC SO2 NH3 CO Hg

(% from baseline)

Grain Milling Fabric Filter (Pulse Jet Type) 99% 

√ √* √ √ 

Grain Milling Paper/Nonwoven Filters - Cartridge 

Collector Type

99% 

√ √* √ √ 

Grain Milling Fabric Filter (Reverse-Air Cleaned 

Type)

99% 

√ √* √ √ 

Highway Vehicles - Gasoline Engine

RFG and High Enhanced I/M Program

-9.1% 11.4% 31

√ √* √ 

Highway Vehicles - Heavy Duty Diesel Engines

Voluntary Diesel Retrofit Program: Diesel Particulate Filter

61.99% √ √* √√ √ 

Highway Vehicles - Heavy Duty Diesel Engines

Voluntary Diesel Retrofit Program: Diesel Oxidation Catalyst

24.01% √ √* √√ √ 

Highway Vehicles - Heavy Duty Diesel Engines

Voluntary Diesel Retrofit Program: Biodiesel Fuel

7% √ √* √ √ 

Industrial Boilers - Coal CEM Upgrade and Increased 

Monitoring Frequency of PM Controls

7.7% √* √* 

Industrial Boilers - Coal Increased Monitoring Frequency 

(IMF) of PM Controls

6.5% √* √* √ √ 

Industrial Boilers - Coal Venturi Scrubber 82% 

√ √* √ √ 

Industrial Boilers - Coal Fabric Filter (Reverse-Air Cleaned 

Type)

99% 

√ √* √ √ 

B-34
Source Category Control Measure Name

Pollutant(s) Affected

Low Typical H

Control 

Efficiency

√ = pollutant reductio, X = pollutant increase, * = major pollutant

PM2.5 PM10 EC OC NOx VOC SO2 NH3 CO Hg

(% from baseline)

Industrial Boilers - Coal Dry ESP-Wire Plate Type 98% 

√ √* √ √ 

Industrial Boilers - Coal Fabric Filter (Pulse Jet Type) 99% 

√ √* √ √ 

Industrial Boilers - Coke Increased Monitoring Frequency 

(IMF) of PM Controls

6.5% √* √* √ √ 

Industrial Boilers - Coke CEM Upgrade and Increased 

Monitoring Frequency of PM Controls

7.7% √* √* 

Industrial Boilers - Liquid Waste Dry ESP-Wire Plate Type 98% 

√ √* √ √ 

Industrial Boilers - Oil CEM Upgrade and Increased 

Monitoring Frequency of PM Controls

7.7% √* √* 

Industrial Boilers - Oil Increased Monitoring Frequency 

(IMF) of PM Controls

6.5% √* √* √ √ 

Industrial Boilers - Oil Dry ESP-Wire Plate Type 98% 

√ √* √ √ 

Industrial Boilers - Oil Venturi Scrubber 92% 

√ √* √ √ 

Industrial Boilers - Solid Waste Increased Monitoring Frequency 

(IMF) of PM Controls

6.5% √* √* √ √ 

Industrial Boilers - Solid Waste CEM Upgrade and Increased 

Monitoring Frequency of PM Controls

7.7% √* √* 

B-35
Source Category Control Measure Name

Pollutant(s) Affected

Low Typical H

Control 

Efficiency

√ = pollutant reductio, X = pollutant increase, * = major pollutant

PM2.5 PM10 EC OC NOx VOC SO2 NH3 CO Hg

(% from baseline)

Industrial Boilers - Wood CEM Upgrade and Increased 

Monitoring Frequency of PM Controls

7.7% √* √* 

Industrial Boilers - Wood Increased Monitoring Frequency 

(IMF) of PM Controls

6.5% √* √* √ √ 

Industrial Boilers - Wood Venturi Scrubber 93% 

√ √* √ √ 

Industrial Boilers - Wood Fabric Filter (Reverse-Air Cleaned 

Type)

99% 

√ √* √ √ 

Industrial Boilers - Wood Dry ESP-Wire Plate Type 98% 

√ √* √ √ 

Industrial Boilers - Wood Fabric Filter (Pulse Jet Type) 99% 

√ √* √ √ 

Mineral Products - Cement Manufacture

Increased Monitoring Frequency (IMF) of PM Controls

6.5% √* √* √ √ 

Mineral Products - Cement Manufacture

CEM Upgrade and Increased Monitoring Frequency of PM Controls

7.7% √* √* 

Mineral Products - Cement Manufacture

Fabric Filter (Mech. Shaker Type) 99% 

√ √* √ √ 

Mineral Products - Cement Manufacture

Fabric Filter (Pulse Jet Type) 99% 

√ √* √ √ 

Mineral Products - Cement Manufacture

Dry ESP-Wire Plate Type 98% 

√ √* √ √ 

B-36
Source Category Control Measure Name

Pollutant(s) Affected

Low Typical H

Control 

Efficiency

√ = pollutant reductio, X = pollutant increase, * = major pollutant

PM2.5 PM10 EC OC NOx VOC SO2 NH3 CO Hg

(% from baseline)

Mineral Products - Cement Manufacture

Paper/Nonwoven Filters - Cartridge Collector Type

99% 

√ √* √ √ 

Mineral Products - Cement Manufacture

Fabric Filter (Reverse-Air Cleaned Type)

99% 

√ √* √ √ 

Mineral Products - Coal Cleaning

Increased Monitoring Frequency (IMF) of PM Controls

6.5% √* √* √ √ 

Mineral Products - Coal Cleaning

CEM Upgrade and Increased Monitoring Frequency of PM Controls

7.7% √* √* 

Mineral Products - Coal Cleaning

Venturi Scrubber 99% 

√ √* √ √ 

Mineral Products - Coal Cleaning

Paper/Nonwoven Filters - Cartridge Collector Type

99% 

√ √* √ √ 

Mineral Products - Coal Cleaning

Fabric Filter (Reverse-Air Cleaned Type)

99% 

√ √* √ √ 

Mineral Products - Coal Cleaning

Fabric Filter (Pulse Jet Type) 99% 

√ √* √ √ 

Mineral Products - Coal Cleaning

Fabric Filter (Mech. Shaker Type) 99% 

√ √* √ √ 

Mineral Products - Other Increased Monitoring Frequency 

(IMF) of PM Controls

6.5% √* √* √ √ 

Mineral Products - Other CEM Upgrade and Increased 

Monitoring Frequency of PM Controls

7.7% √* √* 

B-37
Source Category Control Measure Name

Pollutant(s) Affected

Low Typical H

Control 

Efficiency

√ = pollutant reductio, X = pollutant increase, * = major pollutant

PM2.5 PM10 EC OC NOx VOC SO2 NH3 CO Hg

(% from baseline)

Mineral Products - Other Fabric Filter (Pulse Jet Type) 99% 

√ √* √ √ 

Mineral Products - Other Wet ESP - Wire Plate Type 99% 

√ √* √ √ 

Mineral Products - Other Paper/Nonwoven Filters - Cartridge 

Collector Type

99% 

√ √* √ √ 

Mineral Products - Other Fabric Filter (Mech. Shaker Type) 99% 

√ √* √ √ 

Mineral Products - Other Fabric Filter (Reverse-Air Cleaned 

Type)

99% 

√ √* √ √ 

Mineral Products - Other Dry ESP-Wire Plate Type 98% 

√ √* √ √ 

Mineral Products - Stone Quarrying & Processing

CEM Upgrade and Increased Monitoring Frequency of PM Controls

7.7% √* √* 

Mineral Products - Stone Quarrying & Processing

Increased Monitoring Frequency (IMF) of PM Controls

6.5% √* √* √ √ 

Mineral Products - Stone Quarrying and Processing

Dry ESP-Wire Plate Type 98% 

√ √* √ √ 

Mineral Products - Stone Quarrying and Processing

Fabric Filter (Mech. Shaker Type) 99% 

√ √* √ √ 

Mineral Products - Stone Quarrying and Processing

Fabric Filter (Reverse-Air Cleaned Type)

99% 

√ √* √ √ 

B-38
Source Category Control Measure Name

Pollutant(s) Affected

Low Typical H

Control 

Efficiency

√ = pollutant reductio, X = pollutant increase, * = major pollutant

PM2.5 PM10 EC OC NOx VOC SO2 NH3 CO Hg

(% from baseline)

Mineral Products - Stone Quarrying and Processing

Paper/Nonwoven Filters - Cartridge Collector Type

99% 

√ √* √ √ 

Mineral Products - Stone Quarrying and Processing

Wet ESP - Wire Plate Type 99% 

√ √* √ √ 

Mineral Products - Stone Quarrying and Processing

Venturi Scrubber 95% 

√ √* √ √ 

Mineral Products - Stone Quarrying and Processing

Fabric Filter (Pulse Jet Type) 99% 

√ √* √ √ 

Municipal Waste Incineration Dry ESP-Wire Plate Type 98% 

√ √* √ 

Non-Ferrous Metals Processing - Aluminum

Increased Monitoring Frequency (IMF) of PM Controls

6.5% √* √* √ √ 

Non-Ferrous Metals Processing - Aluminum

CEM Upgrade and Increased Monitoring Frequency of PM Controls

7.7% √* √* 

Non-Ferrous Metals Processing - Aluminum

Fabric Filter (Reverse-Air Cleaned Type)

99% 

√ √* √ √ 

Non-Ferrous Metals Processing - Aluminum

Fabric Filter (Mech. Shaker Type) 99% 

√ √* √ √ 

Non-Ferrous Metals Processing - Aluminum

Wet ESP - Wire Plate Type 99% 

√ √* √ √ 

Non-Ferrous Metals Processing - Aluminum

Dry ESP-Wire Plate Type 98% 

√ √* √ √ 

B-39
Source Category Control Measure Name

Pollutant(s) Affected

Low Typical H

Control 

Efficiency

√ = pollutant reductio, X = pollutant increase, * = major pollutant

PM2.5 PM10 EC OC NOx VOC SO2 NH3 CO Hg

(% from baseline)

Non-Ferrous Metals Processing - Copper

Increased Monitoring Frequency (IMF) of PM Controls

6.5% √* √* √ √ 

Non-Ferrous Metals Processing - Copper

CEM Upgrade and Increased Monitoring Frequency of PM Controls

7.7% √* √* 

Non-Ferrous Metals Processing - Copper

Fabric Filter (Reverse-Air Cleaned Type)

99% 

√ √* √ √ 

Non-Ferrous Metals Processing - Copper

Wet ESP - Wire Plate Type 99% 

√ √* √ √ 

Non-Ferrous Metals Processing - Copper

Fabric Filter (Mech. Shaker Type) 99% 

√ √* √ √ 

Non-Ferrous Metals Processing - Copper

Dry ESP-Wire Plate Type 98% 

√ √* √ √ 

Non-Ferrous Metals Processing - Lead

CEM Upgrade and Increased Monitoring Frequency of PM Controls

7.7% √* √* 

Non-Ferrous Metals Processing - Lead

Increased Monitoring Frequency (IMF) of PM Controls

6.5% √* √* √ √ 

Non-Ferrous Metals Processing - Lead

Fabric Filter (Reverse-Air Cleaned Type)

99% 

√ √* √ √ 

Non-Ferrous Metals Processing - Lead

Wet ESP - Wire Plate Type 99% 

√ √* √ √ 

Non-Ferrous Metals Processing - Lead

Dry ESP-Wire Plate Type 98% 

√ √* √ √ 

B-40
Source Category Control Measure Name

Pollutant(s) Affected

Low Typical H

Control 

Efficiency

√ = pollutant reductio, X = pollutant increase, * = major pollutant

PM2.5 PM10 EC OC NOx VOC SO2 NH3 CO Hg

(% from baseline)

Non-Ferrous Metals Processing - Lead

Fabric Filter (Mech. Shaker Type) 99% 

√ √* √ √ 

Non-Ferrous Metals Processing - Other

Increased Monitoring Frequency (IMF) of PM Controls

6.5% √* √* √ √ 

Non-Ferrous Metals Processing - Other

CEM Upgrade and Increased Monitoring Frequency of PM Controls

7.7% √* √* 

Non-Ferrous Metals Processing - Other

Fabric Filter (Mech. Shaker Type) 99% 

√ √* √ √ 

Non-Ferrous Metals Processing - Other

Fabric Filter (Reverse-Air Cleaned Type)

99% 

√ √* √ √ 

Non-Ferrous Metals Processing - Other

Wet ESP - Wire Plate Type 99% 

√ √* √ √ 

Non-Ferrous Metals Processing - Other

Dry ESP-Wire Plate Type 98% 

√ √* √ √ 

Non-Ferrous Metals Processing - Zinc

CEM Upgrade and Increased Monitoring Frequency of PM Controls

7.7% √* √* 

Non-Ferrous Metals Processing - Zinc

Increased Monitoring Frequency (IMF) of PM Controls

6.5% √* √* √ √ 

Non-Ferrous Metals Processing - Zinc

Fabric Filter (Mech. Shaker Type) 99% 

√ √* √ √ 

Non-Ferrous Metals Processing - Zinc

Dry ESP-Wire Plate Type 98% 

√ √* √ √ 

B-41
Source Category Control Measure Name

Pollutant(s) Affected

Low Typical H

Control 

Efficiency

√ = pollutant reductio, X = pollutant increase, * = major pollutant

PM2.5 PM10 EC OC NOx VOC SO2 NH3 CO Hg

(% from baseline)

Non-Ferrous Metals Processing - Zinc

Fabric Filter (Reverse-Air Cleaned Type)

99% 

√ √* √ √ 

Non-Ferrous Metals Processing - Zinc

Wet ESP - Wire Plate Type 99% 

√ √* √ √ 

Nonroad Diesel Engines Heavy Duty Retrofit Program 1% √ √* √ √ 

Paved Roads Vacuum Sweeping 50.5% √ √* √ √ Prescribed Burning Increase Fuel Moisture 50% √ √* √ √ Residential Home Heating Switch to Low Sulfur Fuel 75% √* √* √ √ Residential Wood Combustion Education and Advisory Program 50% √ √* √ √ Residential Wood Stoves NSPS compliant Wood Stoves 98% √* √* Unpaved Roads Hot Asphalt Paving 67.5% √ √* √ √ Unpaved Roads Chemical Stabilization 37.5% √ √* √ Utility Boilers - Coal Dry ESP-Wire Plate Type

(Hg 3%)

98%

(Hg 20%) (Hg 

√ √* √√ √ 

B-42
Source Category Control Measure Name

Pollutant(s) Affected

Low Typical H

Control 

Efficiency

√ = pollutant reductio, X = pollutant increase, * = major pollutant

PM2.5 PM10 EC OC NOx VOC SO2 NH3 CO Hg

(% from baseline)

Utility Boilers - Coal Fabric Filter (Mech. Shaker Type) 99.5% 

√ √* √√ √ 

Utility Boilers - Coal Fabric Filter (Pulse Jet Type) 99% 

√ √* √√ √ 

Utility Boilers - Coal Fabric Filter 95%

(Hg 80%) √ √* √√ √ 

Utility Boilers - Coal Fabric Filter (Reverse-Air Cleaned 

Type)

99% 

√ √* √√ √ 

Utility Boilers - Gas/Oil Fabric Filter 95% √ √* √√ √ 

Wood Pulp & Paper Wet ESP - Wire Plate Type 99% 

√ √* √ √ 

Wood Pulp & Paper Dry ESP-Wire Plate Type 98% 

√ √* √ √ 

Bituminous/Subbituminous Coal Flue Gas Desulfurization 90% √* 

Bituminous/Subbituminous Coal Flue Gas Desulfurization 90% √* Bituminous/Subbituminous Coal (Industrial Boilers)

Spray Dryer Absorber 90% 

√* 

Bituminous/Subbituminous Coal (Industrial Boilers)

In-duct Dry Sorbent Injection 40% 

√* 

B-43
Source Category Control Measure Name

Pollutant(s) Affected

Low Typical H

Control 

Efficiency

√ = pollutant reductio, X = pollutant increase, * = major pollutant

PM2.5 PM10 EC OC NOx VOC SO2 NH3 CO Hg

(% from baseline)

Bituminous/Subbituminous Coal (Industrial Boilers)

Wet Flue Gas Desulfurization 90% 

√* 

By-Product Coke Manufacturing Vacuum Carbonate Plus Sulfur 

Recovery Plant

90% √* 

Inorganic Chemical Manufacture Operations

Flue Gas Desulfurization 90% √* 

In-process Fuel Use - Bituminous Coal

Flue Gas Desulfurization 90% √* 

Lignite (Industrial Boiler) In-duct Dry Sorbent Injection 40% 

√* 

Lignite (Industrial Boiler) Spray Dryer Absorber 90% 

√* 

Lignite (Industrial Boiler) Wet Flue Gas Desulfurization 90% 

√* 

Lignite (Industrial Boilers) Flue Gas Desulfurization 90% √* 

Mineral Products Industry Flue Gas Desulfurization 90% √* Petroleum Industry Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD) 90% √* Primary Lead Smelters - Sintering

Dual Absorption 99% √* 

B-44
Source Category Control Measure Name

Pollutant(s) Affected

Low Typical H

Control 

Efficiency

√ = pollutant reductio, X = pollutant increase, * = major pollutant

PM2.5 PM10 EC OC NOx VOC SO2 NH3 CO Hg

(% from baseline)

Primary Metals Industry Flue Gas Desulfurization 90% √* Primary Zinc Smelters - Sintering

Dual Absorption 99% √* 

Process Heaters (Oil and Gas Production)

Flue Gas Desulfurization 90% √* 

Pulp and Paper Industry (Sulfate Pulping)

Flue Gas Desulfurization 90% √* 

Residual Oil (Commercial/Institutional Boilers)

Wet Flue Gas Desulfurization 90% 

√* 

Residual Oil (Commercial/Institutional Boilers)

Flue Gas Desulfurization 90% √* 

Residual Oil (Industrial Boilers Flue Gas Desulfurization 90% √* Secondary Metal Production Flue Gas Desulfurization 90% √* Steam Generating Unit-Coal/Oil Flue Gas Desulfurization 90% √* Sulfur Recovery Plants - Elemental Sulfur

Amine Scrubbing + Flue Gas Desulfurization

99.8% √* 

Sulfur Recovery Plants - Elemental Sulfur

Amine Scrubbing + Flue Gas Desulfurization

99.7% √* 

B-45
Source Category Control Measure Name

Pollutant(s) Affected

Low Typical H

Control 

Efficiency

√ = pollutant reductio, X = pollutant increase, * = major pollutant

PM2.5 PM10 EC OC NOx VOC SO2 NH3 CO Hg

(% from baseline)

Sulfur Recovery Plants - Elemental Sulfur

Amine Scrubbing 98.4% √* 

Sulfur Recovery Plants - Elemental Sulfur

Amine Scrubbing 97.8% √* 

Sulfur Recovery Plants - Elemental Sulfur

Amine Scrubbing + Flue Gas Desulfurization

99.8% √* 

Sulfur Recovery Plants - Elemental Sulfur

Amine Scrubbing 97.1% √* 

Sulfuric Acid Plants - Contact Absorbers

Increase Absorption Efficiency from Existing to NSPS Level (99.7%) + Flue Gas Desulfurization

75% √* 

Sulfuric Acid Plants - Contact Absorbers

Increase Absorption Efficiency from Existing to NSPS Level (99.7%)

95% √* 

Sulfuric Acid Plants - Contact Absorbers

Increase Absorption Efficiency from Existing to NSPS Level (99.7%) + Flue Gas Desulfurization

90% √* 

Sulfuric Acid Plants - Contact Absorbers

Increase Absorption Efficiency from Existing to NSPS Level (99.7%)

90% √* 

Sulfuric Acid Plants - Contact Absorbers

Increase Absorption Efficiency from Existing to NSPS Level (99.7%)

85% √* 

Sulfuric Acid Plants - Contact Absorbers

Increase Absorption Efficiency from Existing to NSPS Level (99.7%) + Flue Gas Desulfurization

95% √* 

Sulfuric Acid Plants - Contact Absorbers

Increase Absorption Efficiency from Existing to NSPS Level (99.7%)

75% √* 

B-46
Source Category Control Measure Name

Pollutant(s) Affected

Low Typical H

Control 

Efficiency

√ = pollutant reductio, X = pollutant increase, * = major pollutant

PM2.5 PM10 EC OC NOx VOC SO2 NH3 CO Hg

(% from baseline)

Sulfuric Acid Plants - Contact Absorbers

Flue Gas Desulfurization 90% √* 

Sulfuric Acid Plants - Contact Absorbers

Increase Absorption Efficiency from Existing to NSPS Level (99.7%) + Flue Gas Desulfurization

85% √* 

Utility Boilers - Coal-Fired Repowering to IGCC 99% √ √* √ Utility Boilers - Coal-Fired Coal Washing 40% 

√ √ √* √ 

Utility Boilers - Coal-Fired Fuel Switching - High-Sulfur Coal to 

Low-Sulfur Coal

60% 

√ √ √* 

Utility Boilers - High Sulfur Content

Flue Gas Desulfurization (Wet Scrubber Type) (Hg 29%)

90%

(Hg 64%) (Hg 

√* √ 

Utility Boilers - Medium Sulfur Content

Flue Gas Desulfurization (Wet Scrubber Type) (Hg 29%)

90%

(Hg 64%) (Hg 

√* √ 

Utility Boilers - Very High Sulfur Content

Flue Gas Desulfurization (Wet Scrubber Type)

90% √* √ 

Adhesives - Industrial SCAQMD Rule 1168 73% √* Aircraft Surface Coating MACT Standard 60% √* Architectural Coatings OTC AIM Coating Rule 55% √* 

B-47
Source Category Control Measure Name

Pollutant(s) Affected

Low Typical H

Control 

Efficiency

√ = pollutant reductio, X = pollutant increase, * = major pollutant

PM2.5 PM10 EC OC NOx VOC SO2 NH3 CO Hg

(% from baseline)

Architectural Coatings AIM Coating Federal Rule 20% √* Architectural Coatings South Coast Phase I 34% 

√* 

Architectural Coatings South Coast Phase III 73% √* 

Architectural Coatings South Coast Phase II 47% √* AREA OTC Mobile Equipment Repair and 

Refinishing Rule

61% √* 

AREA OTC Mobile Equipment Repair and 

Refinishing Rule

61% √* 

AREA OTC Solvent Cleaning Rule 66% √* AREA OTC Consumer Products Rule 39.2% √* AREA OTC Mobile Equipment Repair and 

Refinishing Rule

61% √* 

AREA OTC Mobile Equipment Repair and 

Refinishing Rule

61% √* 

AREA OTC Consumer Products Rule 39.2% √* 

B-48
Source Category Control Measure Name

Pollutant(s) Affected

Low Typical H

Control 

Efficiency

√ = pollutant reductio, X = pollutant increase, * = major pollutant

PM2.5 PM10 EC OC NOx VOC SO2 NH3 CO Hg

(% from baseline)

Automobile Refinishing California FIP Rule (VOC content & 

TE)

89% √* 

Automobile Refinishing CARB BARCT Limits 47% √* Automobile Refinishing Federal Rule 37% √* Bakery Products Incineration >100,000 lbs bread 39.9% √* Commercial Adhesives Federal Consumer Solvents Rule 25% √* Commercial Adhesives CARB Long-Term Limits 85% √* Commercial Adhesives CARB Mid-Term Limits 55% √* Consumer Solvents CARB Mid-Term Limits 55% √* Consumer Solvents Federal Consumer Solvents Rule 25% √* Consumer Solvents CARB Long-Term Limits 85% √* Cutback Asphalt Switch to Emulsified Asphalts 100% √* 

B-49
Source Category Control Measure Name

Pollutant(s) Affected

Low Typical H

Control 

Efficiency

√ = pollutant reductio, X = pollutant increase, * = major pollutant

PM2.5 PM10 EC OC NOx VOC SO2 NH3 CO Hg

(% from baseline)

Electrical/Electronic Coating SCAQMD Rule 70% √* Electrical/Electronic Coating MACT Standard 36% √* Fabric Printing, Coating and Dyeing

Permanent Total Enclosure (PTE) 97% √* 

Flexographic Printing Permanent Total Enclosure (PTE) 95 √* Graphic Arts Use of Low or No VOC Materials 65% 

√* 

Highway Vehicles - Gasoline Engine

Federal Reformulated Gasoline (RFG)

0% 7.65% 15

X √* √ 

Highway Vehicles - Light Duty Gasoline Engines

Basic Inspection and Maintenance Program

NA √ √ √√* √√√ 

Industrial Maintenance Coating South Coast Phase III 73% √* Industrial Maintenance Coating AIM Coating Federal Rule 20% √* Industrial Maintenance Coating South Coast Phase I 34% 

√* 

Industrial Maintenance Coating South Coast Phase II 47% √* 

B-50
Source Category Control Measure Name

Pollutant(s) Affected

Low Typical H

Control 

Efficiency

√ = pollutant reductio, X = pollutant increase, * = major pollutant

PM2.5 PM10 EC OC NOx VOC SO2 NH3 CO Hg

(% from baseline)

Machinery, Equipment, and Railroad Coating

SCAQMD Limits 55.2% √* 

Marine Surface Coating (Shipbuilding)

Add-On Controls 90% √* 

Marine Surface Coating (Shipbuilding)

MACT Standard 24% √* 

Metal Can Surface Coating Operations

Permanent Total Enclosure (PTE) 95 √* 

Metal Coil & Can Coating MACT Standard 36% √* Metal Coil & Can Coating Incineration 90% √* Metal Coil & Can Coating BAAQMD Rule 11 Amended 42% √* Metal Furniture Surface Coating Operations

Permanent Total Enclosure (PTE) 95 √* 

Metal Furniture, Appliances, Parts

SCAQMD Limits 55.2% √* 

Metal Furniture, Appliances, Parts

MACT Standard 36% √* 

Miscellaneous Metal Products Coatings

MACT Standard 36% √* 

B-51
Source Category Control Measure Name

Pollutant(s) Affected

Low Typical H

Control 

Efficiency

√ = pollutant reductio, X = pollutant increase, * = major pollutant

PM2.5 PM10 EC OC NOx VOC SO2 NH3 CO Hg

(% from baseline)

Motor Vehicle Coating Incineration 90% √* Motor Vehicle Coating MACT Standard 36% √* Municipal Solid Waste Landfill Gas Collection (SCAQMD/BAAQMD) 70% √* Nonroad Gasoline Engines Federal Reformulated Gasoline 1.4% 

√* 

Off-Highway Vehicles: All Terrain Vehicles (ATVs)

Recreational Gasoline ATV Standards

33% 64% 9

√ √ √√* √ 

Off-Highway Vehicles: All Terrain Vehicles (ATVs)

Recreational Gasoline ATV Standards

27% 40% 7

√ √ √√* √ 

Off-Highway Vehicles: All Terrain Vehicles (ATVs)

Recreational Gasoline ATV Standards

14% 24% 3

√ √ √√* √ 

Off-Highway Vehicles: All Terrain Vehicles (ATVs)

Recreational Gasoline ATV Standards

33% 65% 9

√ √ √√* √ 

Off-Highway Vehicles: Motorcycles

Recreational Gasoline Off-Highway Motorcycle Standards

12% 32% 5

√ √ √√* √ 

Off-Highway Vehicles: Motorcycles

Recreational Gasoline Off-Highway Motorcycle Standards

5% 12.5% 2

√ √ √√* √ 

Off-Highway Vehicles: Motorcycles

Recreational Gasoline Off-Highway Motorcycle Standards

10% 25% 4

√ √ √√* √ 

B-52
Source Category Control Measure Name

Pollutant(s) Affected

Low Typical H

Control 

Efficiency

√ = pollutant reductio, X = pollutant increase, * = major pollutant

PM2.5 PM10 EC OC NOx VOC SO2 NH3 CO Hg

(% from baseline)

Off-Highway Vehicles: Motorcycles

Recreational Gasoline Off-Highway Motorcycle Standards

12% 31% 5

√ √ √√* √ 

Off-Highway Vehicles: Snowmobiles

Recreational Gasoline Snowmobile Standards

62% √ √ X √* √ 

Off-Highway Vehicles: Snowmobiles

Recreational Gasoline Snowmobile Standards

20% √ √ X √* √ 

Off-Highway Vehicles: Snowmobiles

Recreational Gasoline Snowmobile Standards

69% √ √ X √* √ 

Off-Highway Vehicles: Snowmobiles

Recreational Gasoline Snowmobile Standards

45% √ √ X √* √ 

Oil and Natural Gas Production Equipment and Maintenance 37% √* Oil and Natural Gas Production - Fugitive Emissions

SCAQMD Proposed Rule 1148.1 - Fugitive Emissions

14% √* 

Open Top Degreasing SCAQMD 1122 (VOC content limit) 76% √* Open Top Degreasing Title III MACT Standard 31% √* Open Top Degreasing Airtight Degreasing System 98% √* Paper and other Web Coating Operations

Permanent Total Enclosure (PTE) 95 √* 

B-53
Source Category Control Measure Name

Pollutant(s) Affected

Low Typical H

Control 

Efficiency

√ = pollutant reductio, X = pollutant increase, * = major pollutant

PM2.5 PM10 EC OC NOx VOC SO2 NH3 CO Hg

(% from baseline)

Paper Surface Coating Incineration 78% √* Pesticide Application Reformulation - FIP Rule 20% √* Portable Gasoline Containers OTC Portable Gas Container Rule 33% √* Product and Packaging Rotogravure and Screen Printing

Permanent Total Enclosure (PTE) 95 √* 

Publication Rotogravure Printing

Permanent Total Enclosure (PTE) 95 √* 

Rubber and Plastics Manufacturing

SCAQMD - Low VOC 60% √* 

Stage II Service Stations Low Pressure/Vacuum Relief Valve 91.6% 

√* 

Stage II Service Stations - Underground Tanks

Low Pressure/Vacuum Relief Valve 73% 

√* 

Traffic Markings South Coast Phase III 73% √* 

Traffic Markings AIM Coating Federal Rule 20% √* Traffic Markings South Coast Phase I 34% 

√* 

B-54
Source Category Control Measure Name

Pollutant(s) Affected

Low Typical H

Control 

Efficiency

√ = pollutant reductio, X = pollutant increase, * = major pollutant

PM2.5 PM10 EC OC NOx VOC SO2 NH3 CO Hg

(% from baseline)

Traffic Markings South Coast Phase II 47% √* Wood Furniture Surface Coating

New CTG 47% 

√* 

Wood Furniture Surface Coating

Add-On Controls 67% 75% 9

√* 

Wood Furniture Surface Coating

MACT Standard 30% √* 

Wood Product Surface Coating Incineration 86% √* Wood Product Surface Coating SCAQMD Rule 1104 53% √* Wood Product Surface Coating MACT Standard 30% √* 

B-55
PECHAN May 2006

Document No. 06.05.002/9011.002 Report

APPENDIX C: ONROAD MOBILE CONTROL MEASURES
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Document No. 06.05.002/9011.002 Report

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Document No. 06.05.002/9011.002 C-1 Report

INTRODUCTION

The focus of AirControlNET has primarily been to evaluate control measures for stationary

sources (i.e., EGUs, nonEGUs, and area sources) and estimate emissions reduction and the

associated costs. However, in order to gain a more complete picture of available control

measures for policy consideration and for conducting “what if” scenarios we found it necessary

to include control measures available for onroad and nonroad mobile sources. Thus, the purpose

of this appendix is to document the development and implementation of a capability within

AirControlNET to evaluate onroad mobile source control measures, i.e., estimate emission

reductions and costs from a baseline emissions inventory. For onroad mobile sources, we

conducted model simulations of MOBILE 6.2 to develop control measure data for inclusion into

AirControlNET. This initial effort focused on including only data associated with the

implementation of the following three programs for the years 2010, 2020, and 2030:

1) Tier 2/Gasoline Sulfur Final Rulemaking (Provide Federal Register citation from 2/10/2000

and place in references)

2) Heavy Duty Diesel Engine and Fuel Standards (provide Federal Register citation from

1/18/2001 and place in references)

3) Voluntary Diesel Retrofit programs(i.e., particulate filters, oxidation catalyst, SCR, and

biodiesel fuel)

In order to develop additional mobile source inputs using the methods described below, the

MOBILE 6.2 model would need to be run to estimate the emissions reductions. EPA is currently

developing the National Mobile Inventory Model (NMIM) which is a consolidated emissions

modeling system for mobile and nonroad emissions inventory development. It is expected that at

some time in the future, NMIM will replace these models. However, as currently configured,

AirControlNET is not connected to NMIM..

This appendix begins with a detailed example for the Tier 2 program to illustrate the data and

methods used in developing the emission reductions and costs associated with the control

strategy. This example is followed by an overview of the steps and assumptions made for

estimating these data for the Tier 2 Rulemaking, HD Engine/Fuel Standards, and Voluntary

Diesel retrofit programs. Future efforts are expected to incorporate additional federal programs

as well as other control options that are technically feasible to achieve criteria air pollutant

reductions from onroad mobile sources now and in the future.

TIER 2 EXAMPLE

This example is included in order to illustrate the steps followed in developing emissions

reductions and costs for each of the onroad control measures. The necessary steps are as follows: 

1) Pick a representative scenario condition (e.g., temperature, RVP, speed, etc.).
PECHAN May 2006

Document No. 06.05.002/9011.002 C-2 Report

2) Calculate MOBILE6.2 emission factors for the base year (1999) by model year and vehicle

type at the conditions selected in Step 1. Using the default fleet information from MOBILE6.2,

calculate a weighted average emission factor for each vehicle type.

3) Calculate MOBILE6.2 emission factors by applying a given emission standard or control

measure for each model year and vehicle type for all vehicle types that might be affected by the

selected control measure at the conditions selected in Step 1. This must be modeled carefully so

that each of the 25 model years included in the MOBILE6.2 output are modeled with full

implementation of the selected control measure.

4) Determine the degree of implementation of the new control measure (e.g., 25 percent of

vehicles, simulate 2020 phase-in, etc.).

5) Combine emission factors by model year from Steps 2 and 3 such that the appropriate model

years or vehicle ages receive the selected control measures. Using the default fleet information

from MOBILE6.2, calculate the weighted average emission factor for each affected vehicle type.

6) Calculate the percent difference between the Step 5 weighted average emission factor and the

Step 2 weighted average emission factor for each vehicle type.

7) Apply the percent difference estimated in Step 6 to the baseline AirControlNET emissions at

the county/vehicle type level of detail.

For this example, in Step 1, the representative conditions selected were those typical of a summer

day. A minimum daily temperature of 70 F and a maximum daily temperature of 90 F were o o

chosen. The RVP was set to 8.7 psi. This is the typical summertime RVP level, based on the

Phase II RVP regulations, for a majority of the country in 1999. Southern nonattainment areas,

reformulated gasoline areas, and other areas implementing low RVP programs would have lower

RVP levels. An average speed of 35 mph on arterial roadways was modeled. 

Under Step 2, a MOBILE6.2 input file was developed for 1999 at the conditions described above. 

This input file is shown in Figure C-1.

After running MOBILE6.2 with the input file shown in Figure C-1, the emission factors were

obtained in the database output format. For each of the 25 model years included in the database

output file, two emission factors were obtained–one representing the exhaust running emission

factor and one representing the exhaust engine start emission factor. Both emission factors are

expressed in g xrams per mile and can be added for a given model year to obtain the total NO

emission factor for that model year. These emission factors were totaled by model year, with the

results shown in Table C-1. In Table C-1, the columns labeled model year, vehicle age, miles

traveled per day, registration distribution fraction, and fuel economy are obtained directly from

x

the MOBILE6.2 database output. The LDGV NO emission factor column was obtained by

adding the MOBILE6.2 emission factors for exhaust running and engine start emissions within a

model year x. The column labeled weighted NO emission factor was calculated by multiplying

x

the LDGV NO emission factor by the miles traveled per day and the registration distribution

fraction within the given model year. The column labeled weighted miles per day was calculated
PECHAN May 2006

Document No. 06.05.002/9011.002 C-3 Report

as the product of the miles traveled per day and the registration distribution fraction. To obtain

x x the composite 1999 base case LDGV NO emission factor, the sum of the weighted NO

emission factors was divided by the sum of weighted miles per day. As shown in Table C-1, the

1999 base case LDGV NOx emission factor under the conditions described above is 1.3075

grams per mile.

Figure C-1. 1999 Base Case MOBILE6.2 Input File

To follow Step 3, a second MOBILE6.2 input file was prepared. This input file is similar to that

shown in Figure C-1. The only difference is that six scenarios were included, each modeling a

different calendar year. The calendar years modeled were 2007, 2010, 2020, 2030, 2040, and

2050. The MOBILE6.2 output for each of these scenarios was processed in the same way as the

base case f xile to obtain the total NO emission factors by model year for each of these calendar

years. These emission factors are shown in Table C-2. The 2050 emission factors are the same

as the 2040 emission factors by age, so they are not shown in this table. Model years from 2004

through 2008, shown in dark shading in Table C-2, represent the years that the Tier 2 standard is

being phased in. Model years 2009 and later are shown in light shading in Table C-2. These are

the model years where the Tier 2 standard has been completely phased in. Emission factors for

the years that are not shaded on this table will not be used. To capture the low sulfur gasoline

effects of the Tier 2 program on the model years not being replaced in 1999, a third MOBILE6.2

input file was developed. This input file simulated calendar year 1999 emission factors, using a

30 ppm sulfur gasoline. The input file is identical to that shown in Figure C-1, with the

following additional command line added in the scenario section: 

SULFUR CONTENT : 30.0

MOBILE6 INPUT FILE : 

DAILY OUTPUT : 

DATABASE OUTPUT :

W ITH FIELDNAMES :

DATABASE VEHICLES : 21111 11111111 1 111 11111111 111

DATABASE FACILITIES: ARTERIAL none

POLLUTANTS : NOX

RUN DATA :

EXPRESS HC AS VOC :

NO REFUELING : 

>SCENARIO: 1, AirControlNET BASE CASE

SCENARIO RECORD : SUMMER 99 BASE

CALENDAR YEAR : 1999

EVALUATION MONTH : 7

AVERAGE SPEED : 35 Arterial

MIN/MAX TEMP : 70. 90.

FUEL RVP : 8.7

END OF RUN :
PECHAN May 2006

Document No. 06.05.002/9011.002 C-4 Report

Tab xle C-1. 1999 Base Case NO LDBF Emission Factors by Model Year

Model

Year

Vehicle

Age

LDGV NOx

Emission

Factor

(g/mi)

Miles

Traveled per

Day (miles)

Registration

Distribution

Fraction

Fuel

Economy

(mpg)

We xighted NO

Emission

Factor (grams)

Weighted

Miles per

Day

(miles)

1975 24 7.213 12.2868 0.0102 16.8 0.904 0.1253

1976 23 7.7188 12.9232 0.0036 16.8 0.3591 0.0465

1977 22 8.5972 13.5945 0.0045 16.8 0.5259 0.0612

1978 21 8.0843 14.3001 0.0057 16.8 0.659 0.0815

1979 20 7.7857 15.0433 0.007 17.1 0.8199 0.1053

1980 19 6.1404 15.8235 0.0087 19.8 0.8453 0.1377

1981 18 2.898 16.6448 0.0106 21.2 0.5113 0.1764

1982 17 2.8338 17.5086 0.0137 22 0.6797 0.2399

1983 16 2.6799 18.4183 0.0177 21.9 0.8737 0.326

1984 15 2.6203 19.3732 0.0225 22.2 1.1422 0.4359

1985 14 2.5342 20.3781 0.0286 22.9 1.477 0.5828

1986 13 2.3167 21.4357 0.0363 23.7 1.8027 0.7781

1987 12 2.2502 22.5488 0.0459 23.8 2.3289 1.035

1988 11 1.8635 23.7195 0.0541 24.3 2.3913 1.2832

1989 10 1.7515 24.9498 0.059 23.9 2.5783 1.472

1990 9 1.64 26.2458 0.0629 23.9 2.7074 1.6509

1991 8 1.5373 27.6082 0.0657 23.9 2.7884 1.8139

1992 7 1.4175 29.0406 0.0678 23.9 2.791 1.969

1993 6 1.3131 30.5476 0.0692 23.9 2.7758 2.1139

1994 5 1.0542 32.1327 0.0701 23.9 2.3746 2.2525

1995 4 0.8123 33.8006 0.0705 23.9 1.9357 2.3829

1996 3 0.6353 35.5549 0.0707 23.9 1.597 2.5137

1997 2 0.5157 37.4003 0.0708 23.9 1.3655 2.6479

1998 1 0.4238 39.3409 0.0708 23.9 1.1804 2.7853

1999 0 0.3465 40.8534 0.0532 23.9 0.7531 2.1734

Total 0.9998 38.167 29.1903

Weigh xted NO Emission Factor (g/mi): 1.3075
PECHAN May 2006

Document No. 06.05.002/9011.002 C-5 Report

Emission factors resulting from this MOBILE6.2 run are also shown in Table C-2 in the column

labeled 1999. The medium shading in this column indicates the model years affected in 1999 by

the low sulfur gasoline. As shown in this table, only model years 1981 and newer are assumed to

be affected by lower sulfur gasoline in MOBILE6.2.

Once the implementation year is selected in Step 4, Step 5 involves appropriately combining

emission factors from Tables C-1 and C-2. This must be done so that the model years from the

selected year of implementation subject to Tier 2 replace the emission factors of the vehicles of

corresponding ages in Table C-1. For example, to simulate the Tier 2 2020 implementation

x

schedule in 1999, start with the LDGV NO emission factors in Table C-1. Replace the emission

factors for vehicles of age 16 and newer with the corresponding 2020 emission factors from

Table C-2 for vehicles of the same age. These are the vehicles that would have been subject to

Tier 2 emission standards in 2020 (e.g., model years 2004 and later). The remaining model

years, aged 17 years and older, would be meeting the same emission standards that they would

have met in the 1999 base case. However, vehicles aged 17 and 18 years, or from the 1981 and

1982 model years, would be affected by Tier 2 low sulfur gasoline in 1999. Thus, these emission

factors receive the medium shading in Table C-3. Vehicles of age 12 through 16 represent the

vehicles from model years 2004 through 2008 that represent phase-in Tier 2 emission standards. 

The vehicles 11 years and newer meet the full Tier 2 emission standards. Vehicles older than 18

years are not affected at all by the Tier 2 program in 1999. Thus, vehicles of 19 years of age and

older receive their natural 1999 base case emission factors and are unaffected by the Tier 2

control.

Next, the emission factors shown in Table C-3 need to be combined with the daily VMT data and

the registration distribution data shown in Table C-1. The same procedure applied to the

emission factors in Table C-1 to obtain the weighted 1999 base x case NO LDGV emission factor

needs to be applied to the Table C-3 emission factors representing various degrees of Tier 2

implementation in 1999. As in Table C-1, each emission factor is first multiplied by the miles

traveled per day and the registration distribution fraction shown in Table C-1 for vehicles of the

same age. These products are summed for all 25 years of vehicles and divided by the sum of the

25 products of the miles traveled per day multiplied by the registration distribution fraction for

each vehicle age. Table C-4 shows the resulting weighted emission factors for each of the years

shown in Table C-3.

Under x Step 6, the percent reduction from the 1999 base case NO emission factors to the

weighted emission factors representing the various degrees of Tier 2 implementation in 1999 are

calculated. These percent reductions are shown in Table C-4. The reductions shown for 1999

represent only the reductions that would be achieved by replacing conventional gasoline with 30

ppm sulfur gasoline with the current 1999 fleet of vehicles. By 2033, the full Tier 2 emission

reduction potential would be reached, and all years thereafter would achieve the benefits shown

in Table C-4 for 2040.

The final step involves applying the reduction percentages from Table C-4 to the 1999 base case

AirControlNET emissions.
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Table C-2. LDGV NOx Emission Factors with Tier 2 in Various Calendar Years
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Tab xle C-3. 1999 Base Year LDGV NO Emission Factors Under 

Various Tier 2 Implementation Years by Vehicle Age
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Tab xle C-4. Weighted LDGV NO Emission Factors in 1999

with Varying Degrees of Tier 2 Implementation

Year of Tier 2

Implementation

Weighted 1999 LDGV

NOx Emission Factor

(g/mi)

Percent Reduction

from 1999 Base Case

Emission Factor (%)

1999 Base Case 1.3075

1999* 1.2101 7.4

2007 1.1082 15.2

2010 0.9296 28.9

2020 0.3787 71.0

2030 0.2151 83.5

2040 0.2146 83.6

*1999 represents only gasoline sulfur effects of Tier 2 program.
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The x example shown here illustrated only reductions obtained from NO for LDGVs. These same

steps would be applied to all of the other pollutants included in AirControlNET. The only

difference for other pollutants would be under Steps 2 and 3. In processing the MOBILE6.2

output file for NOx, emission factors for two emission types were added together for each model

year. In this case, the emission types were exhaust running emissions and exhaust engine start

emissions. These same two components would be processed for CO, SO2 3 , and NH . However,

the processing of the VOC output must also include the evaporative emission types: hot soak,

diu 10 2.5 rnal, resting loss, running loss, and crankcase emission factors. Both the PM and PM

processing must also include the brake wear and tire wear emission types in addition to the

exhaust emission types. The procedures would not change for any of the other vehicle types. 

However, diesel vehicles do not have any evaporative emission components and heavy duty

vehicles do not include a separate exhaust engine start component.

An advantage to this procedure is the ease with which it can be adapted to additional base years,

beyond 1999. For a different base year, Step 2 would need to be recalculated using a different

base year MOBILE6.2 input file. However, the emission factors calculated for the projection

years, as shown in Table C-2, would not need to be changed. The combination of emission

factors from the base year and projection years would need to change. For example, if 2010 were

the new base year, and a 2020 year of Tier 2 implementation in 2010 were desired, the Table C-2

emission factors for 2010 from vehicles of age 17 and older would be combined with the 2020

emission factors for vehicles of age 16 and newer. 

The steps laid out in this example are applicable for any control measure that could be modeled

in MOBILE6.2. This includes both fuel and emission standard control measures, as well as

vehicle inspection programs. In addition, the model year-specific emission factors obtained from

MOBILE6.2 can be adjusted to account for other control measures that cannot be explicitly

modeled in MOBILE6.2. This would include measures like retrofitting HDDVs with particulate

traps, replacing a portion of the fleet with hybrid or electric vehicles, or scrapping a portion of

the older model year vehicles or trucks. Control measures that involve changes in activity

(VMT) to specific vehicle types, but that are not specific to model year, would be modeled in

AirControlNET by reducing emissions in direct proportion to the reduction in VMT. However,

if an activity-based control measure is more specific to particular model years of vehicles, the

emission factors would first be adjusted for the necessary model years.

Tier 2

Representative scenario conditions were chosen based on their influence on emissions with Tier2

control measures in place. The conditions that were determined to significantly influence Tier2

emissions as a result of this sensitivity testing are temperature, speed, and presence or absence of

enhanced inspection/maintenance (I/M) and anti-tampering programs. Input files were prepared

that modeled the base case and Tier 2 effects under each of these conditions, both with and

without low sulfur gasoline fuel. Emission factors were combined by model year and vehicle

type such that the appropriate model years and vehicle types received the appropriate control

measures. Specifically, the Tier 2 engine and vehicle control measure is applicable to all light

duty vehicles beginning with the 2004 model year; the Tier 2 low sulfur gasoline control measure
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is applicable to all gasoline vehicles beginning with the 1981 model year. Heavy duty diesel

vehicles and motorcycles are not affected by this control.

A percent difference was calculated based on the difference in the weighted average emission

factor between the control and base cases for each vehicle type. In this case, because there were

multiple control cases (temperature and speed), the percent reductions were combined in order to

get a single control efficiency for each vehicle type in each model year for counties with and

without I/M programs. The percent reductions from the various temperature runs (summer and

winter) were combined by weighting the two values equally (for base speed, low speed and high

speed). Then, the adjusted percent reductions for each speed were combined in the following

way to get a single percent reduction for those with and without I/M programs: 50.46% for base

speed, 39.87% for low speed, and 9.67% for high speed, based on the fraction of VMT expected

to occur under these conditions in the 1999 base emissions. These percent reductions were then

applied directly to the 1999 base case emissions based on whether or not an I/M program was

active in that county. Please note that there is a separate percent reduction for each vehicle type,

model year (2010, 2015, 2020, 2030), pollutant, and I/M status.

The costs of the Tier 2 program were summarized as per vehicle and per gallon costs from the

Regulatory Impact Analysis prepared by the EPA (EPA, 1999). In order to summarize these

costs, the degree of implementation among each vehicle type was determined. An estimate of the

number of vehicles affected by the control was calculated by dividing the VMT by the average

annual mileage accumulation rate for each affected vehicle type and model year. This fraction of

vehicles was then applied to the number of vehicles reported in the 1999 base case data, and

multiplied by the cost per vehicle. The cost per vehicle was summarized from the cost reported

in the EPA report to the vehicle type level that is reported in AirControlNET. This was done by

weighting each vehicle type by the relevant VMT fraction, and then summing to a new vehicle

type summary level. These per vehicle and per gallon costs were then applied to all relevant

vehicle types for each model year. The cost per ton was estimated by identifying the major

pollutant controlled by x this measure as NO and dividing the cost of the measure by the tons of

NOx emissions controlled.

Heavy Duty Diesel

In the case of the heavy duty diesel control measure, Pechan made the assumption that varying

the modeling conditions would have little effect on the emissions reductions achieved by this

measure. In other words, other factors such as temperature, speed and the presence or absence of

enhanced I/M and ATP programs were not taken into account. Therefore, input files that

represented the base case and diesel control measures were prepared, including those with and

without low sulfur diesel fuel. Emission factors were combined by model year and vehicle type

such that the appropriate model years and vehicle types received the appropriate control

measures. The heavy duty diesel engine and vehicle control measures are applicable to all heavy

duty diesel vehicles beginning with the 2007 model year, and all heavy duty gasoline vehicles

beginning with the 2008 model year. Light duty diesel vehicles also felt the effects of the low

sulfur diesel fuel standard. Light duty gasoline vehicles and motorcycles are not affected by this

control.
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A percent difference was calculated based on the difference in the weighted average emission

factor between the control and base cases for each vehicle type. These percent reductions were

then applied directly to the 1999 base case emissions. Please note that there is a separate percent

reduction for each vehicle type, model year (2010, 2015, 2020, 2030), and pollutant. This

modeling effort is simpler than the Tier 2 scenario because there are fewer conditions that have

to be taken into account as having an effect on the emissions reductions received by the control

measure.

The costs of the heavy duty diesel program were summarized as per vehicle and per gallon costs

from the Regulatory Impact Analysis prepared by the EPA (EPA, 2000). In order to summarize

these costs, the degree of implementation among each vehicle type was determined. An estimate

of the number of vehicles affected by the control was calculated by dividing the VMT by the

average annual mileage accumulation rate for each affected vehicle type and model year. This

fraction of vehicles was then applied to the number of vehicles reported in the 1999 base case

data, and multiplied by the cost per vehicle. The cost per vehicle was summarized from the cost

reported in the EPA report to the vehicle type level that is reported in AirControlNET. This was

done by weighting each vehicle type by the relevant VMT fraction, and then summing to a new

vehicle type summary level. These per vehicle and per gallon costs were then applied to all

relevant vehicle types for each model year. The cost per ton was estimated by identifying the

major pollutant controlled by x this measure as NO and dividing the cost of the measure by the

x

tons of NO emissions controlled.

Voluntary Diesel Retrofit

The voluntary diesel retrofit program was approached differently than the other two control

measures. The main reason for this is that the emission factors cannot be modeled using

MOBILE6.2, as the conditions in the model do not allow for this control. Therefore, Pechan

conducted extensive research on the various retrofit techniques available to those interested in

participating in the program. Control efficiencies and costs were collected for a variety of

controls. In the end, Pechan chose four retrofit controls to estimate the costs of benefits of for

this program: 1) diesel particulate filter; 2) diesel oxidation catalyst; 3) selective catalytic

reduction; and 4) biodiesel fuel. These four controls represent the variety of retrofit controls in

terms of type, function, and cost. More detailed information on the methodology of including the

retrofit controls in this analysis can be found in the Pechan memo prepared for US EPA’s Tyler

Fox in July 2003 (Pechan, 2003).

The range of control efficiencies researched for each retrofit technology was averaged, and a

single percent reduction was applied to the 1999 base emissions for each vehicle type. Due to the

fact that there are four controls for this measure, multiple years were not modeled here. A

similar methodology was employed for the costs: the range of researched costs was averaged and

applied to all relevant vehicles (i.e., all heavy duty diesel vehicles). Please note that the first

three retrofit technologies require the use of low sulfur diesel fuel, so the percent reductions and

costs of this fuel are included in these analyses. In order to determine the percent reductions

achieved from the fuel alone, MOBILE6.2 input files were prepared with base high sulfur diesel

fuel and base low sulfur diesel fuel. The percent reductions were calculated and this control
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efficiency was incorporated into the control efficiency for the retrofit technology alone to achieve

a combined control efficiency.

REFERENCES

EPA, 1999: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, “Regulatory Impact Analysis - Control of

Air Pollution from New Motor Vehicles: Tier 2 Motor Vehicle Emissions Standards and

Gasoline Sulfur Control Requirements,” EPA420-R-99-023, December 1999.

EPA, 2000: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, “Regulatory Impact Analysis: Control of

Emissions of Air Pollution from Highway Heavy-Duty Engines,” EPA420-R-00-010, July

2000.

Pechan, 2003: E.H. Pechan & Associates, “Methodology to Implement Voluntary Diesel Retrofit

Program in AirControlNET,” memo prepared for Tyler Fox of the U.S. Environmental

Protection Agency, July 2003.
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APPENDIX D: NONROAD MOBILE CONTROL MEASURES
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INTRODUCTION

The focus of AirControlNET has primarily been to evaluate control measures for stationary

sources (i.e., EGUs, nonEGUs, and area sources) and estimate emissions reduction and the

associated costs. However, in order to gain a more complete picture of available control

measures for policy consideration and for conducting “what if” scenarios we found it necessary

to include control measures available for onroad and nonroad mobile sources. Thus, the purpose

of this appendix is to document the development and implementation of a capability within

AirControlNET to evaluate nonroad source control measures, i.e., estimate emission reductions

and costs from a baseline emissions inventory. For nonroad sources, we conducted model

simulations of EPA's NONROAD model to develop control measure data for inclusion into

AirControlNET (provide cite for this model). This initial effort focused on including such

data associated with the implementation of the following engine standards for the years 2010,

2015, 2020, and 2030:

1) Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3 emission standards for nonroad C-I engines at or above 50 hp, not

including recreational marine (63 FR 56968, 1998).

2) Final emission standards for nonroad large S-I engines and land-based recreational engines

(67 FR 68242, 2002).

For each of these standards, a database of year-specific control efficiencies and costs per engine

by category (i.e., 7- or 10-digit SCC) was developed for application to a 1999 base year inventory

(i.e., NEI v2.0). This appendix provides the steps taken to estimate the emission reductions,

applicability, and costs associated with each of the above control programs for inclusion

into AirControlNET.

In order to develop additional mobile source inputs using the methods described below, the

NONROAD model would need to be run to estimate the emissions reductions. EPA is currently

developing the National Mobile Inventory Model (NMIM) which is a consolidated emissions

modeling system for mobile and nonroad emissions inventory development. It is expected that at

some time in the future, NMIM will replace these models. However, as currently configured,

AirControlNET is not connected to NMIM..

Table D-1 shows a summary of the federal emission standards affecting NONROAD model

category engines as well as the corresponding source classification codes (SCCs), engine size or

horsepower (hp), and pollutants. As shown, the NONROAD model category controls include the

following spark-ignition (S-I) (i.e., gasoline) and compression-ignition (C-I) (i.e., diesel) engine

emission standards:

• Phase I and Phase II emission standards for new nonroad S-I engines at or below

25 horsepower (hp). Promulgated July 1995 (Phase I), March 30, 1999 (Phase II Nonhandheld), and April 2000 (Phase II Handheld).

• Emission standards for new gasoline S-I marine engines (61 FR 52088, 1996).
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• Tier 1 and Tier 2 emission standards for nonroad C-I engines below 50 hp, including

recreational marine (61 FR 58101, 1996).

• Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3 emission standards for nonroad C-I engines at or above 50 hp,

not including recreational marine (63 FR 56968, 1998).

Additional final and proposed controls not reflected in EPA’s NONROAD model include:

• Final emission standards for nonroad large S-I engines, and marine and land-based

recreational engines (67 FR 68242, 2002).

• Proposed emission standards for evaporative emissions from gasoline-fueled recreational

boats (67 FR 53050, 2002).

• Proposed Tier 4 emission standards and low sulfur diesel fuel requirements (68 FR

28328, 2003).

Future efforts are expected to incorporate those federal programs not accounted for in the current

version of AirControlNET as well as other control options that are technically feasible to achieve

criteria air pollutant reductions from nonroad sources now and in the future.

EMISSION REDUCTIONS

Pechan ran the NONROAD2002b version of the model at the national level for 1999, 2010,

2015, 2020, and 2030. Pechan used model default values for temperature, and Reid vapor

pressure (RVP). For the diesel fuel sulfur, EPA’s Office of Transportation and Air Quality

(OTAQ) recommended using a default national average diesel fuel sulfur content of 2,318 parts

per million (ppm) for 1999, and a value of 2,217 ppm for all future year runs. Revised model

input files to reflect the above-mentioned large S-I and recreational standards were also provided

by OTAQ, since the NONROAD2002b version does not include the effects of these standards.

NONROAD outputs emissions and accounts for changes in the distribution of engine technology

types as new, cleaner engines are phased in. We estimated emission reductions (i.e., control

efficiencies) associated with a specific standard and year of implementation in 1999 by

comparing changes in pollutant emissions between a base year of 1999 and each future year,

while holding growth in equipment populations constant (i.e., growth factor of 1). This was

accomplished by revising the growth input file (nation.grw) to reflect a constant level of growth. 

In the case of SCCs affected by the large S-I standards, there may be overlap between the large SI and small S-I standards, if an SCC includes engines that are both above and below 25

horsepower. To determine the actual reduction associated with only the large S-I standards, we

adjusted the technology file to remove all technology fractions associated with the small S-I

standards. In this manner, a control factor is calculated that already accounts for the rule

penetration that should be applied to SCC-level emissions, given that emissions for all engines

within the SCC may not be subject to the large S-I standard. Because the C-I standards and
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recreational gasoline standards apply to all horsepower ranges within an SCC, this adjustment

was not needed for standards other than large S-I.

Tables D-2a through D-2d present the year-specific control efficiencies by equipment category

(i.e., 7-digit SCC) or by equipment application (10-digit SCC). These values were calculated by

taking the difference between the pollutant emissions for 2010 (or alternate implementation year)

and pollutant emissions for 1999, dividing by pollutant emissions for 1999, and multiplying by

100. Pechan estimated emission reductions for a given year at the equipment category, or 7-digit

SCC level, for most categories, with some exceptions. Therefore, most base year SCC emissions

for NONROAD model engines will be aggregated to the 7 digit SCC-level of detail (i.e., with 7-

digit specificity, followed by three zeroes). This approach simplifies calculations without losing

needed resolution and decreases the storage needed to house a county-level nonroad inventory for

the nation, which typically comprises over 200 SCCs. 

NUMBER OF AFFECTED ENGINES

This section discusses how Pechan estimated the number of affected engines by technology type

(i.e., by Phase or Tier) for each implementation year, using results from the NONROAD runs

described in Section II, and scrappage rate data from the model. Since we are modeling future

year reductions in 1999, we do not want to reflect growth in engines, and therefore set the growth

to 1. The output data used from the model are equipment populations by SCC and technology

type. These steps are described by presenting an example of these calculations for commercial

C-I engines less than 50 hp for the year 2010, relative to 1999.

Table D-3 presents the total number of commercial sector C-I engines of less than 50 hp in each

tier category for years 1999 and 2010. Because the effect of growth has been removed, the

number of engines turned over to a higher Tier category can be obtained from these results. The

total number of engines is the same for 1999 and 2010 (449,154), but the distribution of engines

among tiers differs and indicates the number of engines that have turned over to that Tier, with

the exception of Tier 1 engines. Since Tier 1 engines are present in the 1999 base year, an

adjustment is needed, as described below. 

The table shows a count of 178,062 engines affected by Tier 2. This estimate represents engines

that are turned over from Base emission levels to Tier 2 levels and engines that are turned over

from Tier 1 levels to Tier 2 levels. (To simplify the calculations, we estimated control costs for

all Tier 2 engines by multiplying the total number of Tier 2 engines that have been turned over

from higher-emitting levels by the incremental cost of achieving Tier 2 emission standards from

Base emission levels.) There are also 165,530 engines emitting at Base levels in 2010 from the

442,464 engines emitting at that level in 1999.

Since Tier 1 engines are present in the 1999 base year, it is necessary to calculate the number of

Tier 1 engines that are still operating in 2010. This step is accomplished by multiplying the 1999

count of engines (6,690) by one minus the scrappage rate (1 - 0.849). The resulting engine count

(1,010) is then subtracted from the number of Tier 1 engines in 2010 (105,563). These steps

leave an estimate of 104,552 engines that have turned over from Base emission levels to Tier 1

levels by 2010. To represent the 2010 year implementation of the C-I engine standards, the per
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engine costs associated with each Tier level are multiplied by the number of engines that have

turned over to each standard between 1999 and 2010, which is 178,062 Tier 2 engines and

104,552 Tier 1 engines.

Table D-4 presents the C-I scrappage rates by equipment category, hp range and implementation

year for adjusting the number of Tier 1 C-I engines. The scrappage rates were derived by first

calculating the average annual hours of use, the average load factor, and the average median life

for each equipment category, based on the NONROAD model data for these variables. For a

given implementation year, the average annual hours of use was multiplied by the number of

years between the base year 1999 and the future year of interest to calculate the percent of

median life used. These values were then correlated to the default scrappage curve shown in

Table D-5, also obtained from the NONROAD model (EPA, 2002a). For large S-I engines and

recreational equipment, the number of engines can be obtained directly from the model results,

since there are no standard-based technology types in the base year (i.e., none of the standards

come into affect by 1999).

COSTS PER ENGINE

This section discusses the per engine costs applied to the number of affected engines. All costs

represent the production and compliance costs for an engine to meet the standard, and do not

include costs associated with fuel savings. As mentioned in Section III, all costs applied are

incremental to the base case. For example, Tier 2 costs that are incremental to Tier 1 costs are

added to the reported Tier 1 costs to estimate the cost involved in converting an engine from

Base level to Tier 2.

Table D-6 provides the combined engine and equipment costs from the Regulatory Impact

Analysis (RIA) for the Federal Tier 1, 2, and 3 nonroad diesel standards (EPA, 1998). Costs

represent first-year costs, and differ by engine horsepower ranges. Long-term costs are also

available, but first-year, or near-term costs will be used for modeling future reductions occurring

in a base year of 1999. EPA developed a cost estimate for a single engine near the middle of the

ranges presented, so these are approximations, and the costs will be higher for engines on the

high end of the power range, and vice versa.

Tier 1 costs for engines greater than 50 hp are presented in the Regulatory Support Document

(RSD) for the 1994 rulemaking (EPA, 1994). These annualized costs are presented in Table 3-07

of the RSD on a present value per engine basis, expressed in 1992 dollars. Unlike the costs for

the 1998 rulemaking, which are presented by hp range, per engine costs are based on a weighted

average variable cost methodology, and are not broken out by hp range. Therefore the costs to

comply with Tier 1 standards for all engines greater than 50 hp are assumed to be the same

($229) for all sized engines. 

Tables D-7 and D-8 provide the near-term incremental engine costs obtained from the final RSD

for the Large S-I and Recreational Equipment Standards (EPA, 2002b). First year costs for

meeting Phase 1 (2004) and Phase 2 (2007) standards for large gasoline and compressed natural

gas (CNG)/liquefied petroleum gasoline (LPG) S-I engines were obtained from Table 5.2.2-6 of

the RSD. Since CNG and LPG engines use comparable technologies, a single set of costs is
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presented for application to both fuels. In addition, costs associated with permeation control are

subtracted from the costs per engine since NONROAD does not model the effect of the large S-I

gasoline evaporative standards in reducing future year evaporative hydrocarbon emissions. Note

that a limitation of the costs for large S-I engines for application to SCC-level emissions in the

inventory is that costs for large 2-stroke engines to meet the standards are not available. The near

term cost will, therefore, underestimate costs for 2-stroke engines, since it does not account for

the cost of 4-stroke conversion. However, the population of large 2-stroke gasoline engines is

considerably less compared to the population of large 4-stroke engines.

First year costs for meeting Phase 1 (2006) standards for all-terrain vehicle (ATV) and offhighway motorcycle engines were obtained from Table 5.2.2-23 and 5.2.2-24 of the RSD,

respectively. Costs for 2-stroke to 4-stroke conversion were available for the recreational vehicle

categories, so these costs will be applied to 2-stroke engine SCCs. Costs for this engine

conversion, as well as pulse air/recalibration technology, are weighted by sales within a

displacement class. Also, costs associated with permeation control are subtracted from the costs

per engine since NONROAD does not model the effect of the recreational gasoline evaporative

standards.

Unlike other technology types included in the NONROAD model that typically represent a mix

of several technologies to meet a specified Tier or Phase standards, the technology types for

snowmobiles represent distinct technologies (Carlson, 2003). These same technologies are used

by the affected engines in varying proportions to meet each of the three Phases of the rule (Phase

1 in 2006, Phase 2 in 2010, and Phase 3 in 2012). First year costs for meeting the Phase 1

through Phase 3 standards for snowmobile engines were obtained from data in Tables 5.2.2-20

through 5.2.2-22. Table D-8 shows costs weighted by sales within a displacement class, and

describes the basis of the costs. In addition, costs associated with permeation control are

subtracted from the costs per engine since NONROAD does not model the effect of snowmobile

evaporative standards.

For the final step, costs per county associated with the emission reductions were estimated. 

Since the NONROAD model runs were done on a national basis, the number of affected engines

were available at the national level only. Per engine costs were applied to the number of engines

to estimate total costs by equipment category. These costs were then allocated to the county level

based on the total number of engines per county, developed previously for the 1999 NEI,

Version 2.0.

REFERENCES

61 FR 52088, 1996: Federal Register, “Final Rule for New Gasoline Spark-Ignition Marine

Engines; Exemptions for New Nonroad Compression-Ignition Engines at or Above 37

kW and New Nonroad Spark-Ignition Engines at or Below 19 kW,” Vol. 61, No. 194,

October 4, 1996. 

61 FR 58101, 1996: Federal Register, “Determination of Significance for Nonroad Sources and

Emission Standards for New Nonroad Compression Ignition Engines at or above 37

Kilowatts (kW),” Vol. 61, No. 219, November 12, 1996.
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63 FR 56968, 1998: Federal Register, “Control of Emissions from Nonroad Diesel Engines,”

Vol. 63, No. 205, October 23, 1998.

67 FR 53050, 2002: Federal Register, “Control of Emissions from Spark-Ignition Marine

Vessels and Highway Motorcycles; Proposed Rule,” Vol. 67, No. 157, August 14, 2002. 

67 FR 68242, 2002: Federal Register, “Final Rule for Control of Emissions From Nonroad

Large Spark-Ignition Engines, and Recreational Engines (Marine and Land-Based),” Vol.

67, No. 217, November 8, 2002.

68 FR 28328, 2003: Federal Register, “Control of Emissions and Air Pollution From Nonroad

Diesel Engines and Fuel,” Vol. 68, No. 100, May 23, 2003.

EPA, 1994: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, “Regulatory Impact Analysis and

Regulatory Support Document, Control of Air Pollution; Determination of Significance

for Nonroad Sources and Emission Standards for New Nonroad Compression-Ignition

Engines at or Above 37 Kilowatts (50 Horsepower),” FINAL, Office of Mobile Sources,

Certification Division, Ann Arbor, MI, May 27, 1994.

EPA, 1998: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, “Final Regulatory Impact Analysis: 

Control of Emissions from Nonroad Diesel Engines,” EPA420-R-98-016, Office of Air

and Radiation, Office of Mobile Sources, Engine Programs and Compliance Division. 

August 1998.

EPA, 2002a: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, “Calculation of Age Distributions in the

NONROAD Model: Growth and Scrappage,” EPA420-P-02-017, OAR, OTAQ, June

2002.

EPA, 2002b: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, “Final Regulatory Support Document:

Control of Emissions from Unregulated Nonroad Engines,” EPA420-R-02-022, Office of

Air and Radiation, Office of Transportation and Air Quality, September 2002.

Carlson, 2003: Philip Carlson, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Assessment and

Standards Division, Office of Transportation and Air Quality, personal communication

with K. Thesing, E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc., August 18, 2003.

Pechan, 2003: E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc., “Proposed Approach for Modeling Nonroad

Controls in ControlNET (Revised),” Draft Reports, prepared for Innovative Strategies

and Economics Group, OAQPS, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, April 1 and May

27, 2003.
PECHAN May 2006

Document No. 06.05.002/9011.002 D-7 Report

Table D-1. Summary of NONROAD Model Category Control Programs

SCC Description Standard

Applicable

HP Pollutants

Specific applications

of 2260*

Gasoline Class III, IV, and

V engines1

Phase I/II Small SparkIgnition Handheld Engines<25 x hp HC, NO

Specific

applications of

2265*

Gasoline Class I and II

engines1

Phase I/II Small SparkIgnition Non-handheld

Engines

<25 x hp HC, NO

2260xxxxxx

2265xxxxxx

2267xxxxxx

2268xxxxxx

2-stroke gasoline

4-stroke gasoline 

Liquefied petroleum

gasoline (LPG)

Compressed natural

gasoline (CNG)

Tier 1/Tier 2 Large SparkIgnition

>=25 x hp HC, NO , CO

2260001010 Gasoline Off-highway

Motorcycles

Re xcreational Vehicles All hp HC, NO , CO

2260001020 Gasoline Snowmobiles Recreational Vehicles All hp HC, CO

2260001030 Ga xsoline ATVs Recreational Vehicles All hp HC, NO , CO

2282005xxx

2282010xxx

Gasoline Pleasure Craft -

Outboard, Personal

W atercraft, and Inboard

Recreational Marine

Exhaust Emission Standards

All hp Exhaust HC

2282005xxx

2282010xxx

Gasoline Pleasure Craft -

Outboard, Personal

W atercraft, and Inboard

Evaporative Emission

Standards (Proposed)

All hp Evaporative

HC

2270xxxxxx Diesel Equipment

Diesel Pleasure Craft

Tier 1⁄2/3 CompressionIgnition

Tier 1⁄2 Compression-Ignition

All hp

<50 hp

HC x, NO , PM

2282020 xxxx Diesel Pleasure Craft Diesel Recreational Marine >50 hp HC, NO , CO,

PM

EPA established technology classes based on use (hand-held versus non-handheld and displacement) 1

that are predominantly 2-stroke (Class III, IV, and V), or 4-stroke (Class I and II) engines.
PECHAN May 2006

Document No. 06.05.002/9011.002 D-8 Report

Table D-2a. Control Factors by Nonroad Equipment Category for 2010

SCC Description

Federal

Measure

Control Factor (%) 1

VOC PM10 PM2.5 CO NOx

2260001010 Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke; Recreational

Equipment; Motorcycles: Off-road

Motorcycle 20% 20% 20% 9% -27%

2260001020 Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke; Recreational

Equipment; Snowmobiles

Snowmobile 20% 10% 10% 17% -66%

2260001030 Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke; Recreational

Equipment; All Terrain Vehicles;

ATVs 34% 34% 34% 6% -27%

2260001060 Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke; Recreational

Equipment; Specialty Vehicles/Carts 

Large S-I 13% 0% 0% 4% -23%

2260006000 Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke; Commercial

Equipment

Large S-I 1% 0% 0% 1% -1%

2265001010 Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke; Recreational

Equipment; Motorcycles: Off-road

Motorcycle 5% 0% 0% 14% 7%

2265001030 Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke; Recreational

Equipment; All Terrain Vehicles;

ATVs 14% 0% 0% 5% 16%

2265001060 Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke; Recreational

Equipment; Specialty Vehicles/Carts 

Large S-I 17% 7% 7% 6% -26%

2265002000 Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke; Construction and

Mining Equipment

Large S-I 9% 5% 5% 5% 17%

2265004000 Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke; Lawn and Garden

Equipment

Large S-I 10% 6% 6% 1% 1%

2265005000 Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke; Agricultural

Equipment

Large S-I 19% 1% 1% 12% 28%

2265006000 Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke; Commercial

Equipment

Large S-I 5% -4% -4% 3% -2%

2265008000 Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke; Airport Ground

Support Equipment

Large S-I 30% 0% 0% 31% 59%

2267001060 Off-highway LPG; Recreational Equipment; Specialty

Vehicles/Carts 

Large S-I 21% 0% 0% 14% 23%

2267002000 Off-highway LPG; Construction and Mining Equipment Large S-I 58% 0% 0% 44% 61%

2267003000 Off-highway LPG; Industrial Equipment Large S-I 69% 6% 6% 52% 73%

2267004000 Off-highway LPG; Lawn and Garden Equipment Large S-I 72% 0% 0% 54% 76%

2267005000 Off-highway LPG; Agricultural Equipment Large S-I 51% 0% 0% 38% 55%

2267006000 Off-highway LPG; Commercial Equipment Large S-I 42% 0% 0% 28% 44%

2267008000 Off-highway LPG; Airport Ground Support Equipment Large S-I 73% 0% 0% 54% 77%

2268002000 Off-highway CNG; Construction and Mining Equipment Large S-I 34% 0% 0% 23% 37%

2268005000 Off-highway CNG; Agricultural Equipment Large S-I 54% 0% 0% 36% 60%

2268006000 Off-highway CNG; Commercial Equipment Large S-I 78% 0% 0% 75% 73%

2270001000 Off-highway Vehicle Diesel; Recreational Equipment C-I 26% 22% 22% 23% 14%

2270002000 Off-highway Vehicle Diesel; Construction and Mining

Equipment

C-I 53% 42% 42% 47% 41%

2270003000 Off-highway Vehicle Diesel; Industrial Equipment C-I 60% 42% 42% 37% 40%

2270004000 Off-highway Vehicle Diesel; Lawn and Garden Equipment C-I 60% 48% 48% 46% 33%

2270005000 Off-highway Vehicle Diesel; Agricultural Equipment C-I 56% 50% 50% 49% 36%

2270006000 Off-highway Vehicle Diesel; Commercial Equipment C-I 42% 33% 33% 33% 23%

2270007000 Off-highway Vehicle Diesel; Logging Equipment C-I 55% 40% 40% 53% 49%

2270008000 Off-highway Vehicle Diesel; Airport Ground Support

Equipment

C-I 59% 50% 50% 52% 46%

2285002015 Railroad Equipment; Diesel; Railway Maintenance C-I 40% 41% 41% 40% 30%

2285004015 Railroad Equipment; Gasoline, 4-Stroke; Railway

Maintenance

Large S-I 4% 0% 0% 2% 0%

2285006015 Railroad Equipment; LPG; Railway Maintenance Large S-I 43% 0% 0% 30% 47%

 The control factor incorporates values for both control efficiency and rule penetration. 1
PECHAN May 2006

Document No. 06.05.002/9011.002 D-9 Report

Table D-2b. Control Factors by Nonroad Equipment Category for 2015

SCC Description

Federal

Measure

Control Factor (%) 1

VOC PM10 PM2.5 CO NOx

2260001010 Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke; Recreational

Equipment; Motorcycles: Off-road

Motorcycle 40% 41% 41% 18% -54%

2260001020 Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke; Recreational

Equipment; Snowmobiles

Snowmobile 45% 31% 31% 38% -180%

2260001030 Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke; Recreational

Equipment; All Terrain Vehicles;

ATVs 73% 73% 73% 14% -57%

2260001060 Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke; Recreational

Equipment; Specialty Vehicles/Carts 

Large S-I 14% 0% 0% 4% -23%

2260006000 Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke; Commercial

Equipment

Large S-I 1% 0% 0% 1% 0%

2265001010 Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke; Recreational

Equipment; Motorcycles: Off-road

Motorcycle 10% 0% 0% 29% 14%

2265001030 Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke; Recreational

Equipment; All Terrain Vehicles;

ATVs 27% 0% 0% 9% 30%

2265001060 Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke; Recreational

Equipment; Specialty Vehicles/Carts 

Large S-I 22% 7% 7% 8% -32%

2265002000 Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke; Construction

and Mining Equipment

Large S-I 10% 5% 5% 6% 24%

2265004000 Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke; Lawn and

Garden Equipment

Large S-I 10% 6% 6% 1% 2%

2265005000 Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke; Agricultural

Equipment

Large S-I 24% 0% 0% 16% 38%

2265006000 Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke; Commercial

Equipment

Large S-I 6% -4% -4% 4% 1%

2265008000 Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke; Airport Ground

Support Equipment

Large S-I 40% 0% 0% 43% 77%

2267001060 Off-highway LPG; Recreational Equipment; Specialty

Vehicles/Carts 

Large S-I 38% 0% 0% 31% 41%

2267002000 Off-highway LPG; Construction and Mining Equipment Large S-I 81% 0% 0% 73% 81%

2267003000 Off-highway LPG; Industrial Equipment Large S-I 92% 6% 6% 86% 91%

2267004000 Off-highway LPG; Lawn and Garden Equipment Large S-I 92% 0% 0% 86% 91%

2267005000 Off-highway LPG; Agricultural Equipment Large S-I 74% 0% 0% 66% 75%

2267006000 Off-highway LPG; Commercial Equipment Large S-I 67% 0% 0% 55% 67%

2267008000 Off-highway LPG; Airport Ground Support Equipment Large S-I 93% 0% 0% 87% 91%

2268002000 Off-highway CNG; Construction and Mining Equipment Large S-I 60% 0% 0% 49% 63%

2268005000 Off-highway CNG; Agricultural Equipment Large S-I 88% 0% 0% 80% 88%

2268006000 Off-highway CNG; Commercial Equipment Large S-I 83% 0% 0% 79% 79%

2270001000 Off-highway Vehicle Diesel; Recreational Equipment C-I 38% 33% 33% 34% 21%

2270002000 Off-highway Vehicle Diesel; Construction and Mining

Equipment

C-I 65% 46% 46% 52% 53%

2270003000 Off-highway Vehicle Diesel; Industrial Equipment C-I 70% 40% 40% 37% 50%

2270004000 Off-highway Vehicle Diesel; Lawn and Garden

Equipment

C-I 71% 55% 55% 52% 41%

2270005000 Off-highway Vehicle Diesel; Agricultural Equipment C-I 68% 59% 59% 57% 48%

2270006000 Off-highway Vehicle Diesel; Commercial Equipment C-I 57% 44% 44% 43% 33%

2270007000 Off-highway Vehicle Diesel; Logging Equipment C-I 64% 37% 37% 53% 59%

2270008000 Off-highway Vehicle Diesel; Airport Ground Support

Equipment

C-I 69% 52% 52% 56% 59%

2285002015 Railroad Equipment; Diesel; Railway Maintenance C-I 54% 50% 50% 52% 43%

2285004015 Railroad Equipment; Gasoline, 4-Stroke; Railway

Maintenance

Large S-I 5% 0% 0% 2% 3%

2285006015 Railroad Equipment; LPG; Railway Maintenance Large S-I 74% 0% 0% 62% 77%

 The control factor incorporates values for both control efficiency and rule penetration. 1
PECHAN May 2006

Document No. 06.05.002/9011.002 D-10 Report

Table D-2c. Control Factors by Nonroad Equipment Category for 2020

SCC Description

Federal

Measure

Control Factor (%) 1

VOC PM10 PM2.5 CO NOx

2260001010 Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke; Recreational

Equipment; Motorcycles: Off-road

Motorcycle 50% 51% 51% 22% -66%

2260001020 Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke; Recreational

Equipment; Snowmobiles

Snowmobile 62% 49% 49% 51% -264%

2260001030 Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke; Recreational

Equipment; All Terrain Vehicles;

ATVs 95% 95% 95% 19% -72%

2260001060 Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke; Recreational

Equipment; Specialty Vehicles/Carts 

Large S-I 14% 0% 0% 4% -23%

2260006000 Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke; Commercial

Equipment

Large S-I 1% 0% 0% 1% 0%

2265001010 Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke; Recreational

Equipment; Motorcycles: Off-road

Motorcycle 12% 0% 0% 36% 17%

2265001030 Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke; Recreational

Equipment; All Terrain Vehicles;

ATVs 33% 0% 0% 11% 36%

2265001060 Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke; Recreational

Equipment; Specialty Vehicles/Carts 

Large S-I 25% 6% 6% 10% -31%

2265002000 Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke; Construction

and Mining Equipment

Large S-I 11% 5% 5% 7% 27%

2265004000 Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke; Lawn and

Garden Equipment

Large S-I 10% 6% 6% 1% 2%

2265005000 Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke; Agricultural

Equipment

Large S-I 28% -2% -2% 19% 44%

2265006000 Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke; Commercial

Equipment

Large S-I 6% -4% -4% 4% 3%

2265008000 Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke; Airport

Ground Support Equipment

Large S-I 42% 0% 0% 46% 81%

2267001060 Off-highway LPG; Recreational Equipment; Specialty

Vehicles/Carts 

Large S-I 55% 0% 0% 47% 58%

2267002000 Off-highway LPG; Construction and Mining

Equipment

Large S-I 90% 0% 0% 84% 89%

2267003000 Off-highway LPG; Industrial Equipment Large S-I 95% 6% 6% 90% 93%

2267004000 Off-highway LPG; Lawn and Garden Equipment Large S-I 95% 0% 0% 90% 92%

2267005000 Off-highway LPG; Agricultural Equipment Large S-I 83% 0% 0% 77% 82%

2267006000 Off-highway LPG; Commercial Equipment Large S-I 80% 0% 0% 70% 79%

2267008000 Off-highway LPG; Airport Ground Support Equipment Large S-I 95% 0% 0% 90% 92%

2268002000 Off-highway CNG; Construction and Mining

Equipment

Large S-I 82% 0% 0% 73% 83%

2268005000 Off-highway CNG; Agricultural Equipment Large S-I 93% 0% 0% 90% 92%

2268006000 Off-highway CNG; Commercial Equipment Large S-I 87% 0% 0% 82% 84%

2270001000 Off-highway Vehicle Diesel; Recreational Equipment C-I 49% 43% 43% 44% 28%

2270002000 Off-highway Vehicle Diesel; Construction and Mining

Equipment

C-I 70% 48% 48% 54% 57%

2270003000 Off-highway Vehicle Diesel; Industrial Equipment C-I 72% 40% 40% 37% 52%

2270004000 Off-highway Vehicle Diesel; Lawn and Garden

Equipment

C-I 75% 58% 58% 55% 45%

2270005000 Off-highway Vehicle Diesel; Agricultural Equipment C-I 75% 63% 63% 61% 56%

2270006000 Off-highway Vehicle Diesel; Commercial Equipment C-I 67% 50% 50% 49% 41%

2270007000 Off-highway Vehicle Diesel; Logging Equipment C-I 65% 37% 37% 53% 61%

2270008000 Off-highway Vehicle Diesel; Airport Ground Support

Equipment

C-I 72% 51% 51% 57% 64%

2285002015 Railroad Equipment; Diesel; Railway Maintenance C-I 65% 57% 57% 61% 53%

2285004015 Railroad Equipment; Gasoline, 4-Stroke; Railway

Maintenance

Large S-I 5% 0% 0% 3% 4%

2285006015 Railroad Equipment; LPG; Railway Maintenance Large S-I 89% 0% 0% 84% 88%

 The control factor incorporates values for both control efficiency and rule penetration. 1
PECHAN May 2006

Document No. 06.05.002/9011.002 D-11 Report

Table D-2d. Control Factors by Nonroad Equipment Category for 2030

SCC Description

Federal

Measure

Control Factor (%) 1

VOC PM10 PM2.5 CO NOx

2260001010 Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke; Recreational

Equipment; Motorcycles: Off-road

Motorcycle 52% 52% 52% 23% -68%

2260001020 Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke; Recreational

Equipment; Snowmobiles

Snowmobile 69% 58% 58% 56% -305%

2260001030 Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke; Recreational

Equipment; All Terrain Vehicles;

ATVs 97% 97% 97% 20% -73%

2260001060 Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke; Recreational

Equipment; Specialty Vehicles/Carts 

Large S-I 16% 0% 0% 4% -23%

2260006000 Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke; Commercial

Equipment

Large S-I 1% 0% 0% 1% 0%

2265001010 Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke; Recreational

Equipment; Motorcycles: Off-road

Motorcycle 12% 0% 0% 37% 17%

2265001030 Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke; Recreational

Equipment; All Terrain Vehicles;

ATVs 33% 0% 0% 12% 37%

2265001060 Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke; Recreational

Equipment; Specialty Vehicles/Carts 

Large S-I 27% 6% 6% 11% -26%

2265002000 Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke; Construction

and Mining Equipment

Large S-I 12% 5% 5% 8% 29%

2265004000 Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke; Lawn and

Garden Equipment

Large S-I 10% 6% 6% 0% 2%

2265005000 Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke; Agricultural

Equipment

Large S-I 32% 3% 3% 23% 53%

2265006000 Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke; Commercial

Equipment

Large S-I 6% 4% 4% 4% 3%

2265008000 Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke; Airport

Ground Support Equipment

Large S-I 42% 0% 0% 46% 81%

2267001060 Off-highway LPG; Recreational Equipment; Specialty

Vehicles/Carts 

Large S-I 83% 0% 0% 77% 83%

2267002000 Off-highway LPG; Construction and Mining

Equipment

Large S-I 94% 0% 0% 90% 92%

2267003000 Off-highway LPG; Industrial Equipment Large S-I 95% 6% 6% 91% 93%

2267004000 Off-highway LPG; Lawn and Garden Equipment Large S-I 95% 0% 0% 90% 92%

2267005000 Off-highway LPG; Agricultural Equipment Large S-I 92% 0% 0% 87% 90%

2267006000 Off-highway LPG; Commercial Equipment Large S-I 91% 0% 0% 84% 91%

2267008000 Off-highway LPG; Airport Ground Support Equipment Large S-I 95% 0% 0% 90% 92%

2268002000 Off-highway CNG; Construction and Mining

Equipment

Large S-I 93% 0% 0% 88% 91%

2268005000 Off-highway CNG; Agricultural Equipment Large S-I 94% 0% 0% 90% 92%

2268006000 Off-highway CNG; Commercial Equipment Large S-I 92% 0% 0% 88% 90%

2270001000 Off-highway Vehicle Diesel; Recreational Equipment C-I 67% 60% 60% 61% 41%

2270002000 Off-highway Vehicle Diesel; Construction and Mining

Equipment

C-I 74% 49% 49% 55% 59%

2270003000 Off-highway Vehicle Diesel; Industrial Equipment C-I 74% 41% 41% 38% 53%

2270004000 Off-highway Vehicle Diesel; Lawn and Garden

Equipment

C-I 78% 60% 60% 57% 49%

2270005000 Off-highway Vehicle Diesel; Agricultural Equipment C-I 79% 66% 66% 64% 63%

2270006000 Off-highway Vehicle Diesel; Commercial Equipment C-I 76% 57% 57% 55% 49%

2270007000 Off-highway Vehicle Diesel; Logging Equipment C-I 65% 37% 37% 53% 61%

2270008000 Off-highway Vehicle Diesel; Airport Ground Support

Equipment

C-I 73% 51% 51% 58% 66%

2285002015 Railroad Equipment; Diesel; Railway Maintenance C-I 75% 61% 61% 66% 64%

2285004015 Railroad Equipment; Gasoline, 4-Stroke; Railway

Maintenance

Large S-I 5% 0% 0% 3% 4%

2285006015 Railroad Equipment; LPG; Railway Maintenance Large S-I 94% 0% 0% 90% 92%

 The control factor incorporates values for both control efficiency and rule penetration. 1
PECHAN May 2006

Document No. 06.05.002/9011.002 D-12 Report

Table D-3. Commercial Sector Compression Ignition Engines < 50 HP

Tier Category 1999 2010

2010

Adjusted1

Tier 2 178062 178062

Tier 1 6690 105563 104552

Base 442464 165530

Total 449154 449154

Tier 1 engines adjusted to reflect the fraction of 1999 engines that 1

are still operating in 2010, since some percentage will be scrapped. 

These are the number of engines to which costs are applied.
PECHAN May 2006

Document No. 06.05.002/9011.002 D-13 Report

Table D-4. Percentage of Engines Scrapped by Equipment Category, Horsepower

Range and Implementation Year For Adjusting Turnover Rates for Tier 1 C-I

Engines

SCC Equipment Description HP Range

2010 %

Scrapped

2015 %

Scrapped

2020 %

Scrapped

2030 %

Scrapped

2270001000 Recreational Equipment < 50 hp 7.9 12.7 19.3 75.5

2270001000 Recreational Equipment >=100 <175 hp 3.9 5.9 8.1 13.4

2270001000 Recreational Equipment >=175 <600 hp 3.9 5.9 8.1 13.4

2270001000 Recreational Equipment >=50 <100 hp 7.9 12.7 19.3 75.5

2270001000 Recreational Equipment >=600 <750 hp 2.5 3.8 5.1 8

2270001000 Recreational Equipment >=750 hp 2.5 3.8 5.1 8

2270002000 Construction and Mining Equipment < 50 hp 88.2 100 100 100

2270002000 Construction and Mining Equipment >=100 <175 hp 24.8 82.2 93.6 100

2270002000 Construction and Mining Equipment >=175 <600 hp 34.3 87.1 97.3 100

2270002000 Construction and Mining Equipment >=50 <100 hp 92.0 100 100 100

2270002000 Construction and Mining Equipment >=600 <750 hp 16.6 63.3 84.8 99.6

2270002000 Construction and Mining Equipment >=750 hp 21.0 77.6 90.6 100

2270003000 Industrial Equipment < 50 hp 93.6 100 100 100

2270003000 Industrial Equipment >=100 <175 hp 55.2 88.5 98.5 100

2270003000 Industrial Equipment >=175 <600 hp 67.1 90.0 99.8 100

2270003000 Industrial Equipment >=50 <100 hp 97.7 100 100 100

2270003000 Industrial Equipment >=600 <750 hp 19.0 73.7 88.4 100

2270003000 Industrial Equipment >=750 hp 19.1 73.9 88.5 100

2270004000 Lawn and Garden Equipment < 50 hp 70.9 91.2 100 100

2270004000 Lawn and Garden Equipment >=100 <175 hp 11.0 19.1 57.1 89.2

2270004000 Lawn and Garden Equipment >=175 <600 hp 12.0 21.5 70.4 91.6

2270004000 Lawn and Garden Equipment >=50 <100 hp 36.6 87.6 97.8 100

2270004000 Lawn and Garden Equipment >=600 <750 hp 8.7 14.2 22.4 80.5

2270004000 Lawn and Garden Equipment >=750 hp 5.9 9.2 13.2 25.8

2270005000 Agricultural Equipment < 50 hp 81.4 96.7 100 100

2270005000 Agricultural Equipment >=100 <175 hp 9.4 15.7 25.9 83.8

2270005000 Agricultural Equipment >=175 <600 hp 9.4 15.7 25.9 83.8

2270005000 Agricultural Equipment >=50 <100 hp 62.4 89.1 99.0 100

2270005000 Agricultural Equipment >=600 <750 hp 6.5 10.3 14.9 34.0

2270005000 Agricultural Equipment >=750 hp 9.8 16.5 28.2 85.3

2270006000 Commercial Equipment < 50 hp 84.9 99.1 100 100

2270006000 Commercial Equipment >=100 <175 hp 93.8 100 100 100

2270006000 Commercial Equipment >=175 <600 hp 8.6 14.0 21.8 79.7

2270006000 Commercial Equipment >=50 <100 hp 100 100 100 100

2270006000 Commercial Equipment >=600 <750 hp 74.4 92.7 100 100

2270006000 Commercial Equipment >=750 hp 4.8 7.4 10.4 18.1

2270007000 Logging Equipment < 50 hp 100 100 100 100

2270007000 Logging Equipment >=100 <175 hp 95.9 100 100 100

2270007000 Logging Equipment >=175 <600 hp 95.9 100 100 100

2270007000 Logging Equipment >=50 <100 hp 96.6 100 100 100

2270007000 Logging Equipment >=600 <750 hp 78.4 94.8 100 100

2270007000 Logging Equipment >=750 hp 78.4 94.8 100 100

2270008000 Airport Equipment < 50 hp 98.3 100 100 100

2270008000 Airport Equipment >=100 <175 hp 63.1 89.2 99.0 100

2270008000 Airport Equipment >=175 <600 hp 63.1 89.2 99.0 100

2270008000 Airport Equipment >=50 <100 hp 98.3 100 100 100

2270008000 Airport Equipment >=600 <750 hp 15.8 38.4 83.3 98.5

2270008000 Airport Equipment >=750 hp 15.8 38.4 83.3 98.5

2285002015 Railroad Equipment < 50 hp 24.8 82.2 93.6 100

2285002015 Railroad Equipment >=100 <175 hp 9.5 15.8 26.2 84.0

2285002015 Railroad Equipment >=175 <600 hp 9.5 15.8 26.2 84.0

2285002015 Railroad Equipment >=50 <100 hp 24.8 82.2 93.6 100

2285002015 Railroad Equipment >=600 <750 hp 5.9 9.1 13.0 25.1

2285002015 Railroad Equipment >=750 hp 5.9 9.1 13.0 25.1
PECHAN May 2006

Document No. 06.05.002/9011.002 D-14 Report

Table D-5. NONROAD Model Default Scrappage Curve

Frac Median Life Used Percent Scrapped

0.0588 1

0.1694 3

0.271 5

0.3639 7

0.4486 9

0.5254 11

0.5948 13

0.657 15

0.7125 17

0.7617 19

0.8049 21

0.8425 23

0.875 25

0.9027 27

0.9259 29

0.9451 31

0.9607 33

0.973 35

0.9824 37

0.9894 39

0.9942 41

0.9973 43

0.999 45

1 50

1.001 55

1.0027 57

1.0058 59

1.0106 61

1.0176 63

1.027 65

1.0393 67

1.0549 69

1.0741 71

1.0973 73

1.125 75

1.1575 77

1.1951 79

1.2383 81

1.2875 83

1.343 85

1.4052 87

1.4746 89

1.5514 91

1.6361 93

1.729 95

1.8306 97

1.9412 99

2 100
PECHAN May 2006

Document No. 06.05.002/9011.002 D-15 Report

Table D-6. Near-term Costs for Compression-Ignition Engines

Engine HP Range Costs per Engine, $ 1998*

Tier 1 Tier 2 Tier 3

< 50 hp 56 136 NA

> or = 50 and < 100 hp 229 478 760

> or = 100 and < 175 229 1,095 1,753

> or = 175 and < 600 hp 229 1,033 1,905

> or = 600 and < 750 hp 229 2,899 5,195

> or = 750 hp 229 1,316 NA

*Costs apply to all C-I engine categories/applications, and are

incremental to the base technology type.

Table D-7. Near-term Costs for Large Spark-Ignition Engines

SCC Tech Type* Costs per Engine, $ 2001**

2260000000 G4GT251 800

2260000000 G4GT252 847

2265000000 G4GT251 800

2265000000 G4GT252 847

2285004015 G4GT251 800

2285004015 G4GT252 847

2267000000 LGT251 550

2267000000 LGT252 577

2268000000 NGT251 550

2268000000 NGT252 577

2285006015 LGT251 550

2285006015 LGT252 577

*Technology types ending in "1" correspond to Phase I of the

standards, with an implementation year of 2004, while technology types

ending in "2" correspond to Phase II of the standards, with an

implementation year of 2007.

**Costs are incremental to the base technology type.
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Table D-8. Near-term Costs for Land-Based Recreational Engines

SCC

Tech

Type

Cost per

engine,

2001 $* Cost Basis

2260001010 2-Stroke Gasoline OffHighway MotorcyclesR14S1 296 Sum of 2-stroke to 4-stroke conversion,

pulse air/recalibration, and compliance

costs

2265001010 4-Stroke Gasoline OffHighway MotorcyclesR14S1 46 Sum of pulse air/recalibration and

compliance costs

2260001020 2-Stroke Gasoline

Snowmobiles

R12S1 57 Sum of engine modifications, modified

carburetor, and compliance costs

2260001020 2-Stroke Gasoline

Snowmobiles

R14S 823 Sum of 2-stroke to 4-stroke conversion,

electronic fuel injection, and compliance

costs

2260001020 2-Stroke Gasoline

Snowmobiles

R12S2 317 Sum of direct fuel injection costs and

compliance costs

2260001030 2-Stroke Gasoline ATVs R14S1 378 Sum of 2-stroke to 4-stroke conversion,

pulse air, and compliance costs

2265001030 4-Stroke Gasoline ATVs R14S1 47 Sum of pulse air and compliance costs

*All costs are weighted by sales in displacement categories, and are incremental to the base technology

type
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APPENDIX E: EXPORTED MEASURES COLUMN

DESCRIPTIONS
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CSM Export

Column Name Description

capcost Capital Cost

cpton Cost Per Ton

msa MSA

fipsst State FIPS

fipscnty County FIPS

sic SIC

naics NAICS

sector sector

scc SCC

plantid Plant ID

plantname Plant Name

pointid Point ID

boilcap Boiler Capacity

capunits Capacity Unit

oplbr Operating Labor Costs

mntlbr Maintenance Labor Costs

spvlbr Supervisor Labor Costs 

mntmtl Maintenance Material Costs

rplmtl Replacement Material Costs

elec Electricity Costs

steam Steam Costs

fuel Fuel Costs

wstdsp W aste Disposal Costs

chem Chemical Costs

omatl Other Raw Material Costs

util Other Utility Costs

tdir Total Direct Annual Costs

ovrhd Overhead Costs

admin Administrative Costs

proptx Property Tax Costs

insrnc Insurance Costs

tindir Total Indirect Annual Costs

The grey columns are only exported if the OM Cost checkbox is selected.
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LCM Export

Column Name Description

rec_number Record Number

cntl_meas Control Measure

source ACN Source Category

emis_tpy Annual Baseline Emissions(Tons)

reduction Current Control Reduction 

inc_redn Incremental Control Reduction

final_emis Emissions After Control

prct_CE Control Efficiency (%)

tcost Total Annualized Cost

incre_cost Incremental Annualized Cost

cpton Cost Per Ton

MSA MSA

fipsst State FIPS

fipscnty County FIPS

sic SIC

naics NAICS

sector sector

scc SCC

plantid Plant ID

plantname Plant Name

pointid Point ID

stack Stack

segment Segment

c_emis Cumulative Emissions

c_redn Cumulative Reduction

c_inc_redn Cumulative Incremental Reduction

c_final_em Cumulative Final Emissions

c_tcost Cumulative Annual Cost

c_inc_cost Cumulative Incremental Annual Cost

c_cpton Cumulative Annual Cost Per ton
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Report Export

Column Name Description

cntl_meas Control Measure

source ACN Source Category

emis_tpy Annual Baseline Emissions(Tons)

reduction Current Control Reduction 

final_emis Emissions After Control

prct_CE Control Efficiency (%)

tcost Total Annualized Cost

cpton Cost Per Ton

c_emis Cumulative Emissions

c_redn Cumulative Reduction

c_final_em Cumulative Final Emissions

c_tcost Cumulative Annual Cost

c_cpton Cumulative Annual Cost Per ton
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APPENDIX F: EXTERNAL TOOLS USED TO CREATE

AIRCONTROLNET MAPPING AND GRAPHING

CAPABILITIES

In addition to Microsoft Visual FoxPro, the AirControlNET application uses two supplementary

software products to create the mapping and graphing capabilities within the tool. The first is

Graphics Server (www.graphicsserver.com) which is used to automate the creation of

customizable plots within the least cost module. The second is Scalable Vector Graphic (SVG)

(www.adobe.com/svg/main.html) is used to provide the mapping capabilities within

AirControlNET.

Graphics Server and AirControlNET Graphs

AirControlNET can create two types of graphs from LCM query – “Annualized Total Cost vs.

Total Reductions (in tons)” and “$ / ton vs. Total Reductions (in tons)”. The two graphs

available for display and export from the LCM are created using a third-party module named

“Graphics Server”. Graphic Server is a graphing tool used by Windows developers to automate

the creation of numeric graphs. It is used for adding graphs and charts to Windows and Web

applications in Visual Studio, Visual Basic, C , Delphi, FoxPro and other languages. This ++

robust graphing module can display a wide variety of graphs and provides a runtime property

page for dynamically altering settings, and export several image formats.

For Annualized Total Cost vs. Total Reductions graph, cumulative incremental cost and

cumulative incremental reductions data are used as dependent and independent data of the graphs

respectively. For $ / ton vs. Total Reductions (in tons) graph, Cost per ton and total reductions

(in tons) are used as dependent and independent data of graphs respectively. Cumulative

calculation for incremental cost and incremental reduction are performed in Least Cost Module.

AirControlNET only displays graphs for the Least Cost Module. Since graph calculation uses

cumulative incremental data, graphs can only be created from data query in Least Cost Module.

When AirControlNET is instructed to display a graph, the specified data is extracted from the

currently displayed grid in the LCM and is inserted into the graphs data arrays. Due to a

limitation in Graphics Server, all graphs are capped at having 32,000 entries. This means that all

graphs will display up to the first 32,000 rows in any LCM grid. Once the data has been inserted

into the graph, ACN sets default labels and displays the graph window. The AirControlNET

graph window contains an instance of the Graph ActiveX control, a edit box used for listing the

query criteria, a properties button, and an export button. The graph properties can be altered by

clicking the properties button which launches the graphics server property pages. Exporting is

also handled by a graph function and is initiated by clicking the Export button.

Scalable Vector Graphic and AirControlNET Mapping Capabilities

Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) is used to create real-time mapping capabilities within

AirControlNET. SVG is a text-based graphics language that describes images with vector

shapes, text, and embedded raster graphics. SVG files are compact and provide high-quality
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graphics on the Web, in print, and on resource-limited handheld devices. In addition, SVG

supports scripting and animation, so is ideal for interactive, data-driven, personalized graphics. 

SVG is a royalty-free vendor-neutral open standard developed under the W3C (World Wide Web

Consortium) Process.

When controls are selected in the Control Scenarios Module or displayed in the Least Cost

Module grid, the AirControlNET mapping module becomes available. The map setup window

that is displayed allows the user to set various map options. When the View Map or Save Map

button is clicked, a SVG map file is created containing the specified data from either the CSM or

LCM.

AirControlNET maps are composed by concatenating intermediate SVG files developed by

Pechan. Before runtime map creation can happen, these intermediate SVG files, which will be

dubbed “the base map” from here on, need to be created. The first step in creating the base map

is accomplished using ESRI’s ArcView, a GIS application, to extract all necessary geographic

objects.

First, ArcView is used to create a map containing states, counties, MSAs, and all of the optional

map layers (Tribal areas, National Parks, Class1 Tribes, Class1 NPS, Class1 Forest Service,

Class1 Fish and Wildlife Services, Interstates, Railroads, Rivers, and Lakes). Then, an extraction

script is used to export every layer to an initial SVG file. The extraction script, using the

ArcView API, creates a SVG text file, determines the map’s coordinate system, and then exports

all shapes layers by layer by executing the following steps:

Obtain and iterate through the layer list

1. For the current layer, obtain and iterate through the shape list (e.g. a list of the counties in

the county layer)

2. If the current shape is a collection of points, create a SVG point object, otherwise create a

SVG path object

3. For the current shape, obtain, iterate through, and write out all vertices in the vertex list

The second step in creating the base SVG map is to separating each of the exported layers into

their own files. Currently, this is a manual process accomplished using any text editor. Now, the

initial map is ready to be developed.

AirControlNET maps are composed of a title bar and a tab controlled view which has two

modes: map (default) and notes. The notes view is filled at runtime and during development is a

blank page. The map view is split into two areas: the control panel and the map canvas. The

control panel contains the map thumbnail, pollutant combo box, legend, and layer check boxes. 

The map thumbnail is used to zoom and pan the viewable area of the map canvas. The pollutant

combo box allows the user to switch the pollutant the map is shaded by. When a new pollutant is

selected, the legend is also updated. The legend consists of eight entries each consisting of a

color indicator and a value. All features (states, counties, or MSAs) with data less than the

specified legend value and greater than the previous value use the specified color. At runtime,

the user has an option to specify the number of ranges, or legend entries, to use which is always

between there and eight. The layer check boxes are used to show and hide the map layers. Every
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map has a state layer, which is always on, county layer, and a MSA layer. The optional layers,

also selected at run time, can be turned on an off if they are loaded into the map.

Once the initial SVG and script code is written, the map is split into intermediate SVG files (i.e.

the “base map”). These files are split around two main sections of the initial map: the script

section and optional layers section. When creating a map, AirControlNET concatenates the first

intermediate file with the map data which is represented as arrays at the beginning of the script

section. The resulting text and the next intermediate file are appended. This process is repeated

with the optional SVG layers and the final intermediate file. When complete, the new

AirControlNET map is displayed.
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