Volume 5, Number 2

Summer 2004

Contents

Comanche

Termination 1

Director’s Corner 2

Comanche

Knowledge Capture 6

in the news 8

WSTIACCourses: 

Directed Energy 11 

Sensors/Seekers 12

Weaponeering 13

Precision Weapons 14

Calendar of Events 15

WSTIAC is a DoD Information Analysis

Center Sponsored by the Defense

Technical Information Center 

WST

WEAPON SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY INFORMAT ION ANALYSIS CENTE R

IAC

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE

C o m a n c h e

Termination

Interview with the Outgoing

Project Manager

In February 2004 the Comanche

program was terminated. The

Army made this tough decision

as a necessity to improve the balance of the Army Aviation fleet.

Colonel Michael Cantor was the

Comanche Project Manager for

just over a year when the decision was made by the Army to terminate the program. The Comanche program had a history of restructures and changes, but was executing as planned when the change in

Army priorities resulted in the early end of the program. 

Colonel Cantor saluted the Army decision and executed the termination

process with the same dedication he put into keeping the program on

track. We, at WSTIAC, are pleased that Colonel Cantor agreed to discuss the termination process and answer these tough questions at such a

difficult time.

1. What will the taxpayers get for the over $6 billion dollars spent on

Comanche and where will the money from Comanche go?

The simple answer to what did we get for $6 billion dollars is "technology"; the

Comanche program has always been one of the technology leaders within DoD

and much of that technology has already been integrated into other defense programs. As part of the termination planning, several Comanche technologies will

be continued and integrated into ongoing aviation programs. The exact answer

to where the Comanche money will go is still evolving. The program goals are

to rapidly redistribute personnel, dollars, technology and value to other Army

efforts. LTG Yakovac, the Military Deputy to the Assistant Secretary of the Army

for Acquisition, Logistics and Technology (ASA(ALT)), directed that resources be

returned to the Army for: (Continued on page 3)

Col Michael Cantor

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Ladies and Gentlemen:

I would like to extend a personal thanks to the Comanche folks and especially Colonel Michael Cantor's insights on

the Comanche program. I hope you find this edition focused on the Comanche useful from both a historical and future

perspective. As many of you know, there are several on-going efforts to leverage the Comanche program's technologies

for potential future integration into other war fighting systems.

What you may not know is that WSTIAC, in conjunction with the Redstone Scientific Information Center, is currently

supporting Comanche with a data collection effort, which will include a physical and virtual infrastructure to allow timely, accurate, categorized and user-tailored access to the vast array of Comanche knowledge. 

As a related note, I thought it important to point out that WSTIAC provides free inquiry service (initially four hours) for

all DoD customers into all weapon systems information. Commercial entities may be charged a nominal fee. This

applies to all inquires not only those we expect to get for Comanche.

On another front, in support of a steadily increasing request for technical and acquisition related analysis, WSTIAC

has recently brought on board several well-respected senior Department of Defense experts to allow us to better serve

you. Their names and former positions are as follows:

They include:

Dr. Spiros Pallas, Principal Deputy Director, Defense Systems (Office of Under Secretary of Defense/Acquisition

Technology &Logistics/Defense Systems) (OUSD(AT&L)/DS), for air warfare, systems engineering and related technologies

Mr. Andrus Viilu, Deputy Director for Land Warfare (OUSD/AT&L)/DS), for land warfare and related technologies

Mr. Anthony Grieco, Deputy Director for Electronic Warfare (Office of Director, Strategic and Tactical Systems

(OUSD/AT&L)/S&TS), for electronic warfare and related technologies.

Mr. John Buchheister, Office of Assistant Secretary of Defense (Command, Control, and Communications)

(OASD(C3I), for Command, Control, Communications, Computers, and Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance

(C4ISR) and weapon systems requirements, technology, and integration for net-centric operations and joint integrated

architectures

Along with the above Department of Defense experts, we also have Dr. Tadeusz Drzewiecki, President and CEO,

Defense Research Technologies (DRT), Inc. for Infrared sensors and related technologies 

In closing, I hope you enjoy this newsletter and take the time to provide us any suggestions for future editions. A brief

survey can be found at http://wstiac.alionscience.com to provide your feedback. If you have specific subjects or subject

matter experts that should be part of WSTIAC, please let me know.

Thanks,

Gary

Director’s

Corner

by Mr. Gary J. Gray

The WSTIAC Newsletter is the current awareness publication of the Weapon Systems Technology Information Analysis Center (WST

IAC). WSTIAC, a Department of Defense (DoD) Information Analysis Center (IAC), is administratively managed by the Defense

Technical Information Center (DTIC) under the DoD IAC Program.

WSTIAC Director: Mr Gary J Gray Database Inquiries: Vakare Valaitis

703.933.3317, Email: gjgray@alionscience.com 703.933.3362 Email: vvalaitis@alionscience.com

Internet: http://iac.dtic.mil/wstiac/

All data and information herein reported are believed to be reliable; however, no warrant, expressed or implied, is to be construed as to the accuracy or the completeness

of the information presented. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this publication are those of the author(s) and should not be construed as an official Agency

position, policy, or decision, unless so designated by other official documentation.
3

Comanche Termination...(Continued from page 1)

a. Accelerated aircrew protection and Aircraft Survivability Equipment (ASE) fielding initiatives

b. The recapitalization of 1400 aircraft to extend aviation capabilities beyond 2020

c. 796 new aircraft (thru FY 11) to meet Army requirements

d. An accelerated Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) program to extend battlefield awareness and strengthen

manned-unmanned teaming

e. Transformation of Reserve and Guard aviation by replacing 870 aging aircraft (422 UH1s and 458 OH58s) with

303 Light Utility aircraft

f. Leveraging the technology base and knowledge gained through the Comanche program as appropriate and

invest in Joint aviation programs for the future

g. Fund a new Aviation munitions strategy

h. Allow the Army to integrate Common Avionics Architecture System (CAAS) cockpits and fly by wire technology

into our UH-60 and CH-47

i. Implementation of Multi-Functional Aviation brigades

j. Implementation of the 2 level maintenance concept

2. What are the breakthrough and enabling technologies that have been developed and matured within

the Comanche program that have been identified for use by current and future systems?

The ASA(SALT) approved the transfer of the following technologies to Other Agencies.

Image Intensifier TV (I2TV)

iTen I2TV cameras currently on contract to support Engineering

Manufacturing and Development (EMD). Complete two I2TV cameras

to support Apache Arrowhead development.

i$3.0M estimated to complete development and manufacture of

two I2TV cameras by 30 Sept 2004. i$1.5M required in FY 05

for productionization and integration into Apache Arrowhead Program

and to carry work to 28 FEB 05 transition point.

Radar Electronics Unit (REU)

iREU transfer plan coordinated with Boeing / Sikorsky Joint

Venture, Boeing Apache, and Apache Project Management Office

(PMO). Apache PMO will assume REU development responsibilities in

FY 05.

iFY 04 effort continues development of REU, exciter, software, modes, and algorithms.

iEstimated remaining cost to fund until FY 05 transition: $10.9M.

iProvide $76M from FY 05 through 07 to account for loss of Comanche joint REU development funding.

Fly-by-Wire

iContinued Comanche commitment of $18M through FY 04 to continue software testing

and systems integration work.

iFollow-on funding of $103M through FY 07 to develop, qualify, and flight test

production Fly-By-Wire solutions on both UH-60M and AH-64D aircraft.

iEffort transitions to UH-60M in FEB 05.

Aircraft Survivability Equipment /Radar Warning Receiver ASE/RWR

iRFI accuracy is achieved with fixed ASE antennas without Longbow Radar.

iDelivery includes 11 ship sets of RWR and Laser Warning Receiver (LWR) components and antennas.

iFirm Fixed Price Contract estimated cost of work through FEB 04: $11M. $2M is required to fund remainder of

effort in FY 05. ITT is adding an additional $13M of management reserve to complete FFP contract. 4

WSTIAC Newsletter Summer 2004
4

iArmed Reconnaissance Helicopter (ARH), Light Utility Helicopter (LUH), AH-64, UH-60, CH-47, and Intra Theater

Fixed Wing (ITFW) total $61 M over FY 05 and FY 06 (Nonrecurring Engineering; Notice of Revised Estimate (NRE), integration, and qualification).

iPeriod of Performance is through FY 06.

T802 Engine

iTransition plan is to modify current contract to a Firm Fixed Price (FFP), proceed with Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Certification only, and deliver 5

engines for Unmanned Combat Armed Rotorcraft (UCAR) flight test support, 2

engines for FAA Certification effort, and 3 for use on other platforms.

iUCAR has chosen to use the T802 engine. LUH and HH-65 are potential

applications.

RAH-66 Comanche Termination Plan

DRAFT -- as of 6/1/2004

iCost to complete transition plan: $19.1M.

iPeriod of Performance is until 31 Mar 05. FY 04 $ used for activity.

Integrated Communications, Navigation and Identification Avionics (ICNIA)

i7 ship sets currently available and operational in the lab. Basic hardware infrastructure completed. Continued

effort is software development.

iCurrent potential plan is to transfer ICNIA management to Government as soon as possible. Continue ICNIA

development through end of FY 05 to provide risk reduction for Army aviation and Joint Tactical Radio System (JTRS)

cluster 1 Program, as well as a hardware test bed (An SCA compliant Basic ICNIA hardware suite) to the JTRS Joint

Program Office (JPO) JTeL to certify JTRS waveforms.

iCost to continue development through Sep 05 with Comanche FY 04 dollars: $60M Communications, Navigation

and Identification (CNI) Antennas

iPotential technology transfer and use of CNI antenna technology on the Unmanned Combat Armed Rotorcraft

(UCAR) Program has been initiated. Conformal Lower Identification, Friend-or-Foe (IFF) antennas have application to

larger aviation fleet to replace blade designs prone to ground strike. iPlan is for the FY 04 effort to continue through

Jul 04 for qualification and first article inspection of the Satellite Communications (SATCOM) Transmit, SATCOM Receive,

Left UHF, Right UHF, Upper VHF, and 5-inch Lower IFF antennas.

iEstimated total cost to complete the qualifications and inspections is $1.65M.

iEffort ends prior to 30 SEP 04

3. What is the plan that will allow for the orderly curtailment of activities?

Comanche developed a Termination Plan that addresses all significant actions to bring the program to an orderly close

in order to support Army objectives. The termination plan includes:

1) Government personnel distribution

2) Assimilation, transfer, and destruction of project data

3) Property disposition

4) Termination of the contract with the prime development contractor and all its subcontractors

5) Transition of Comanche technologies and knowledge to the Future Combat System (FCS) and other programs as

appropriate

6) Program lessons learned

The termination plan describes the management objectives, outlines responsibilities, and determines specific actions and

the associated schedules needed to successfully accomplish the effort described in items (1) through (3) above in a timely manner. Efforts described in (4) through (6) above are evolving and being handled on a case by case basis by the technology transition and contracting teams. The Termination Plan is a "living document" and will continue to be updated as

required until the program termination efforts are completed. The termination team is working in conjunction with the

Defense Acquisition University (DAU) to document the termination process and provide lessons learned that can be used

by future programs in similar circumstances. 4
5

4. Is there a process in place to capture Comanche data and knowledge from the Prime and Sub contractors? 

As mentioned earlier, one of the values derived from the Comanche program is the technology developed that can be

integrated into other defense programs. The majority of the Comanche program data is digital and will be retained in

that format at several locations to expand the potential access to the data. The Comanche Knowledge Capture will be

executed in increments. The first increment is to capture basic program data retained by Boeing and Sikorsky and data

developed by the government in support of the program. This data will be stored at the Redstone Scientific Information

Center (RSIC) and the Weapon Systems Technology Information Analysis Center (WSTIAC). After an initial assessment of

the data, we will determine if additional information or data should be obtained. As appropriate, contractors will be contacted and additional data collected. All efforts will focus on retaining the most complete and accurate set of data possible while minimizing the cost associated with collection. Increment two will also include the lessons learned from the

termination process that should be applicable to other on-going programs.

5. What types and form do the data and information take? What is the scale and magnitude of this

data and information?

The data was created in various forms with many different types of software. The plan is to collect the data in its current

form and transfer it to common databases that will enhance the search capability. Comanche data will include

Engineering files, Contract Data Requirements Lists (CDRL), Subcontract Data Requirements List (SDRL); all deliverables

from contractors that are typical of defense programs. The magnitude of the data is still being determined because the

data is currently being reviewed to eliminate duplications and earlier versions of final files. It will be extensive because

it covers over 20 years of program data.

6. When the National Aerospace Plane (NASP) program closed down, a skeleton office was maintained. Will the same or similar approach be utilized to transition Comanche knowledge? 

The Comanche termination team will be in existence for most of FY05 to ensure the termination effort and the transition

of technical data is completed. After the termination effort is completed, the plan is to have both WSTIAC and RSIC

offices maintain and act as access control to Comanche knowledge. Both agencies are coordinating consistent policies

for access. The Army Research Laboratory (ARL) will be the Access Authority for all Low Observable Data (LO).

7. How do you see existing and future programs benefiting from the investments made through the

Comanche Program? 

Boeing is presently testing Long Bow Block II version. The program is significantly different in scope now. Since

Comanche, they have moved the idea of giving it a full digital 'fly by wire' capability, something that was not planned

until later. Some of the Comanche technology in 'fly by wire' is going into that effort, but the main system will come from

the company's Machine Intelligence Research and Application Centre for Learning Excellence (MIRACLE) work. The

Comanche work is being used, but in the form of the type of control interfaces - with Boeing and Sikorsky working together on it. Boeing developed the Comanche system originally: Sikorsky is looking at it for use in future designs of its own

- perhaps a Black Hawk version.8. Is there anything else you would like to include as you leave the

Comanche program to take on new challenges?

I would like to thank all the industry and government folks for all their time and dedication to this program. While the

Comanche program may be drawing to a close, the technology and lessons learned from the program will live on and

provide great benefits to the Army.

COL Mike Cantor was the Program Manager (PM) for Comanche from June 12, 2003 to July 28, 2004. His current

assignment is as the Chief of Staff for The Ground Missile Defense Program.♦

WSTIAC Newsletter Summer 2004
6

W S T IAC t o C a p t u r e C o m a n c h e K n o w l e d g e

by Mr. Gary J. Gray

WSTIAC Director

As many of you know, the Comanche program was terminated in late February 2004. This termination was the result of

the Army's realization that there were many other near-term aviation funding shortfalls that needed to be addressed.

Comanche was the only viable source of funds to pay those bills.

Posed with this decision, a tough question arises in the minds of the average American citizen. What did, or do, we get

from the Army's investment of over $6 billion during the last two decades?

There are three answers to this question. The first really addresses where the future Comanche funds will go. Comanche

termination creates additional resources for aviation bills, and additional capability to address the warfighting capability

of existing aircraft. The second answer partially addresses the return on investment (ROI) of Comanche technology by

describing the technology transferred to other ongoing programs. Harder to define is what is the ROI from capturing

Comanche knowledge for the future benefit of the Army, Department of Defense, or other government programs. This

last answer is in capturing the technology developed by Comanche and that is where I believe WSTIAC can help. I will

address each answer specifically and try to spend more time on the more difficult steps we are collectively taking to evaluate potential future benefit.

The Army's Funding Reallocation Initiatives are as follows:

a. Accelerated aircrew protection and Aircraft Survivability Equipment (ASE) fielding

b. The recapitalization of 1400 aircraft to extend aviation capabilities beyond 2020

c. 796 new aircraft (thru FY 11) to meet Army requirements

d. An accelerated UAV (Unmanned Arial Vehicle) program to extend battlefield awareness and strengthen mannedunmanned teaming

e. Transformation of Reserve and Guard aviation by replacing 870 aging aircraft (422 UH-1s and 458 OH-58s)

with 303 Light Utility Aircraft

f. Leveraging the technology base and knowledge gained through the Comanche program as appropriate and

invest in Joint aviation programs for the future

g. Fund a new Aviation munitions strategy

h. Allow the Army to integrate Common Avionics Architecture System (CAAS ) cockpits and fly-by-wire technology

into our UH-60 and CH-47

i. Implementation of Multi-Functional Aviation brigades

j. Implementation of the 2-level maintenance concept

Clearly, where future funds will go are the areas in black above and include acceleration of support equipment and UAVs

programs, recapitization of 1400 aircraft and 796 new aircraft for the active Army and replacement of aircraft with 303

Light Utility aircraft. In bold are the technology transfer efforts of the Common Cockpit and fly-by-wire technology transfer to other platforms. What we are trying to wrestle with are the items in italics to leverage the technology for future Joint

aviation programs and implement a multi-functional brigade and 2-level maintenance concept for future programs.

Comanche was definitely leading the way in the multi-functional aviation brigades with its key role in the Unit of Action.

Its mission was based on its broad Command, Control, Communications, Computers, Intelligence, Surveillance, and

Reconnaissance capabilities, and specifically control of UAVs capability. Certainly, the rest of the Army, and to some

extent others in DoD, can benefit from lessons learned in these arenas. 

Comanche was also well down the road in 2-level maintenance concepts since it was designed from the ground up to

require a low level of support. Although these concepts may be useful to existing platforms and some may be transferable, new platform designs will likely learn the most from Comanche technology. 

4
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WSTIAC Newsletter Summer 2004

Comanche Knowledge Capture. (cont)

The Comanche Helicopter program had foresight to invest in technologies that were beyond the current state of the art

when the program began. Not only were these investments needed to satisfy increasing requirements, but were also

important to keep the weight of the aircraft minimized. For example, the program advanced fly-by-wire technology not

only saved considerable weight for the helicopter, but also provided increased performance, safety and reliability over

conventional flight controls. Fly-by-wire is one technology that will be transferred to other programs.

For the Integrated Communications Navigation Identification Avionics (ICNIA), the Comanche helicopter program developed lighter weight components while providing for future functional growth (bandwidth, power, speed, etc.) more than

equaling that of the Joint Tactical Radio System (JTRS) Cluster 1. The ICNIA technology and the advanced conformal

antennas that were designed to accompany it will be transferred to other developmental programs to augment or improve

their systems. 

Formal transition plans are also in place for the Image Intensified TV Camera that was one of the two sensors in the night

pilotage system and the Radar-Warning Receiver (RWR). The I2TV augments the FLIR sensor in the night vision pilotage

system by providing imaging capability under a wider range of ambient conditions. The RWR incorporated digital processing and addresses more threats than the fielded radar warning systems.

The program made several advances in materials for the Comanche airframe as well as improved manufacturing processes. This has been the only aircraft system to date to utilize a significant amount of composite materials. Certainly, weight

savings was a driver; but also a key aspect of the Comanche was that it had to have a low radar cross section (RCS) and

metal was not the answer. The materials themselves were not the most advanced; however, integration of the materials

into a low observable (LO) helicopter was a definite first. The program also took advantage of new processes such as Ebeam curing of composite non-structural components to save weight and cost. Other subsystems were designed with

lighter materials, such as titanium for a heat exchanger. The entire aircraft manufacturing process was highly advanced

utilizing the latest in automated fabrication and assembly techniques. Several Kaizen events were held using the

Shingijutsu group as consultants. These events assisted the development and manufacturing team in streamlining the

manufacturing process. The composite manufacturing knowledge base has benefited significantly from the Comanche

experience. 4
8

Comanche Knowledge Capture. (cont)

Designing a LO helicopter had never been attempted before. The Comanche program developed design methodologies that will be a significant contribution to future programs of this type. The two prototype aircraft also provided flight

data to update aerodynamic codes and other design methods to develop this system.

While it is not an area that is easy to capture on paper or in a component, the systems engineering aspects of integrating many technologies into a system is a very important contribution that was developed for the program and can be

used as a template for future programs.

Now let's address the hard question. What is the future potential return on investment (ROI) for Comanche Knowledge

Capture? It begs even more questions such as, how much do you invest in the first place, and "what exactly should be

captured."

Fortunately, Colonel Michael Cantor realized this potential and asked how WSTIAC could help. Working with his remaining staff, the Boeing/Sikorsky team, Army Research Laboratory and the Redstone Scientific Information Center, we developed a top-level approach for what we can collectively accomplish, the potential benefits to the taxpayer and an initial

estimate for the type of data to be collected, how it would be collected and how it would be protected and disseminated. 

We are working to refine a detailed plan and, by the time of this reading, should have an agreement on the scope of the

plan and be fully engaged in data capture. Some of the tools we are evaluating include advanced searching capability

of the data and interactive three-dimensional rending of the drawings. The cost and benefits of these features will be

evaluated as part of the approval process. 

If you have an interest in the Comanche technology or are a subcontractor that wants to make your capabilities known,

please let me know. If we are not capturing something you want in the data capture stage, it may be lost forever. We

have a small window for available resources and data storage on proprietary operating systems to store the data. In

addition, there will only be a limited amount of resources dedicated to this effort. Of course, any data that we do capture will be available through our normal 4-hour consulting service, subject to security and proprietary restrictions.

I am not a stranger to Comanche, having worked in an oversight role in the Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for

Acquisition, Technology and Logistics since the early 1990s. I have been the Director of WSTIAC since June 2003. With

those two experiences, I have a passion for this effort and making it a success. I know all the hard work that went into

making Comanche a success. As WSTIAC Director, I understand our role is to improve the efficiency, effectiveness and

application of technology for the benefit of the warfighter by capturing, analyzing, and disseminating critical technical

information. As a taxpayer, I would like substantiated answers to the tough questions and believe the collective

Comanche Knowledge Capture team can support a substantial ROI.

I will do my best to make this project a success. I will do this by collecting as much relevant data as possible, promoting its availability and use in the future, and track and promote benefits received to substantiate the effort.

I solicit your help in leveraging Comanche knowledge.

Sincerely,

Gary J. Gray ♦

Planning a Conference or Seminar?

WSTIAC can assist with technical support:

· Call for papers · Announcements

· Local arrangements · Author kits/paper selection

· Registration · Security, meals, transport

· Exhibits, receptions · Proceedings
9

WSTIAC Newsletter Summer 2004

i n t h e n ews . . .

Arrow Missile Test Completed

The Arrow anti-ballistic missile system was used today in a

joint Israel/United States test exercise as part of the ongoing Arrow System Improvement Program (ASIP). The test

was the second in a series conducted at the Point Mugu

Sea Range in California. It was the thirteenth Arrow intercept test and the eighth test of the complete weapon system. The Arrow interceptor was launched toward the target

but no intercept was achieved. Many of the test objectives

were successfully completed, and the test data is being

analyzed by test engineers to determine why an intercept

did not occur. 

Ofice of Public Affairs, Missile Defense Agency

Contact: Rick Lehner, Missile Defense Agency – 703-697-

8997 

THAAD System Completes Important Test

On July 15, 2004 the Terminal High Altitude Area Defense

(THAAD) team successfully completed a System Flight

Certification test of the THAAD Divert & Attitude Control

System (DACS). The DACS is designed and built by Boeing

Rocketdyne for the Lockheed Martin-led missile team.

Conducted at the Air Force Research Laboratory, Edwards

Air Force Base, CA, this was the second Development

Phase hot-fire test of a flight representative DACS. In this

case, the test was conducted at altitude (vacuum) and

ambient temperature conditions as a next step towards

testing at temperature extremes. Primary objectives were to

demonstrate (1) overall system performance and functionality, (2) pulse mode dynamics with single and multiple

divert and attitude control thruster firings, and (3) a typical

mission duty cycle representative of THAAD missile operation. Preliminary assessment of the data indicates that all

the test objectives were achieved. The terminal countdown

demonstrated helium pressurization to full flight pressure,

laser initiated ordnance operation, and integrated valve

driver assembly/simulated missile interface communication. A total of 33 firing sequences were conducted,

including the mission duty cycle, with over 90 divert pulses and nearly 2000 attitude control pulses. Total thruster

operating time was over 25 seconding during the 80-second test. Successful completion of this test is another major

contributor to risk reduction on the path to flight testing.

Photo Caption: The THAAD Divert & Attitude Control

System (DACS) is shown during its recent "hot-fire" ground

test at the Air Force Research Laboratory, Edwards Air

Force Base, CA. 

Office of Public Affairs, Missile Defense Agency

Contact: Chris Taylor – 703-697-8001

Environmental Assessment for HEL Tests at

Kirtland AFB Completed

A recently completed environmental assessment has

cleared the way for Air Force Research Laboratory tests that

involve Sandia Crest this fall, officials announced today.

The planned tests for an optical sensor system, conducted

by the locally-based Laboratory’s Directed Energy

Directorate and Kestrel Corporation, will use an infrared

light spot that will serve as an optical target for the sensor

being tested. Testing will be carried out in September or

October of this year. The new optical sensor technology is

for passively sensing a remote high-energy laser and target

interaction.

In order to simulate an interaction to test the optical sensor

at Kestrel Laboratories at 3815 Osuna NE, a test setup will

be placed at a lookout point on the west rim of the Crest

where a small, enclosed, low-powered (one watt) laser will

be used to create an approximately 20-inch diffuse light

spot on a board surface a few feet away. The board, covered with a reflective material will reduce and diffuse the

laser’s power and light. In order to assess the new technology, the optical sensor system, located about 10 miles

away at the Kestrel facilities, will be focused on the board,

collecting and analyzing the light.

The testing will be conducted during pre-dawn hours and

all equipment used for the experiment will be set up and

removed when finished each day. Two Kestrel engineers will

be monitoring the equipment at the site during each test.

The demonstrations are scheduled to run one or two times

per week over a two week period.

According to Michelle Hedrick, a laboratory safety officer,

“The test set-up has been determined to have no significant

impact on the test environment or workers. The laser used

is enclosed in a protective cover, the machine noise is minimal, the impact on the Sandia Crest native flora and

fauna is negligible, and there are no hazardous materials

used in the testing. “

As an added measure, the test series will be coordinated

with the Forest Service to ensure minimal disruption of the

local environment.

Office of Public Affairs, Air Force Research Lab

Contact: Eva D. Hendren - (505) 846-6315

Eva.Hendren@kirtland.af.mil 4
10

Optical and Radio Frequency Combined

Link Experiment Program

The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA)

is developing a new and exciting communications capability through the Optical and Radio Frequency (RF)

Combined Link Experiment (ORCLE) program. This program will develop and demonstrate a prototype system that

combines free space optical and RF communications into a

single networked system to provide compact, robust, highbandwidth, mobile communications to military forces.

ORCLE is a revolutionary approach to communications

that will combine the high-data rate capability of laser

communications, the high reliability of RF communications,

and clever network management to ensure high quality,

reliable networked communications, even if some of the

links are affected by atmospheric or physical obstructions.

The main effort in phase I of the program is to develop a

prototype system and conduct flight demonstrations or

hybrid Free Space Optical (FSO)/RF air-to-air-to-surface

links that combine the best attributes of both technologies.

The technical focus will be innovative hybrid networking

and link technologies that exploit FSO/RF channel diversity and synergy to yield higher performance than either FSO

or RF alone. Larger networks using ORCLE technologies

will be simulated to assess protocols, scalability and performance of the hybrid FSO/RF concept.

Additionally, high-data rate modulating retro-reflector

(MRR) technology will be incorporated into the flight

demonstrations to show the possibility of expanding optical

network connectivity to smaller, less capable platforms.

Lockheed Martin, Akron, Ohio, is the ORCLE system integration program prime contractor, leading a team that

includes ITT Industries, L3 Communications Corp., BAE

Systems, Adaptive Optics Associates, Accipiter Systems,

EMS Technologies, Dayton

Office of Public Affairs, DARPA

Spectrum issues and garage door openers...

Government and industry experts gathered at Eglin AFB,

this August to discuss solutions to why garage door openers in nearby communities were malfunctioning and using

systems with government-owned frequencies. The need for

the meeting dates back to May when Eglin experts began

installing a new land mobile radio system to comply with a

congressional mandate requiring Defense Department

agencies to narrow their large LMR system band frequency.

Although the DOD holds the license for the mandated frequencies, several garage door manufacturers were also 

n ews . . . ( c o n t)

using the same frequencies, infringing on the government’s

licensing agreement. That caused openers to be locked

out.

Some 90 percent of the nation’s garage door opener manufacturers were represented to discuss problems that may

affect other areas as additional Department of Defense

installations come on board.

“It’s very important to us, from a community relations

standpoint, to share our data about the spectrum and our

LMR system to help you solve the problems and come up

with a solution for your customers,” said Col. Anthony

Faughn, group commander, in his welcome to industry.

The system is a Smart Zone LMR system that operates similar to a cell phone system. Experts said one control link

transmitter operates 24 hours a day, seven days a week, at

each of the base’s five sites.

The system will provide Eglin with state-of-the-art technology for person-to-person communications, the colonel

said. It will be the primary communication tool for first

responders and people working on the flightline.

“The new LMR system will not only benefit Eglin but also

benefit the local community as the base often helps

respond to situations in the local area,” he said. “It’s a

benchmark system that may be used throughout the continental United States on all military installations.”

“The goal is to provide industry an insight into the problems experienced by the community surrounding Eglin,”

said Joe Giangrosso, communications group frequency

manager. “We also provided a spectral overview of the

LMR system to assist industry in understanding the spectrum

usage and provide answers to their questions.”

Mr. Giangrosso said that bringing the manufacturers in to

talk to base experts and to see how the system operates in

the radio frequency spectrum was necessary. Now, company experts can have some idea what they’re up against in

trying to come up with a fix to allow the garage door openers to work in the community.

“This is the first (system) and it’s going to be a major system in our country which will affect a lot of garage door

openers,” Mr. Giangrosso said.

Joe Hetzel, technical director for the Door and Access

Systems Manufacturers Association, said the data collection is critical to make informed choices because the message he’s also getting is that this system could be nationwide. As a result, there are 40 million garage door opener users who could be affected.

“We need to be sensitive to those users,” Mr. Hetzel said.

Federal Communication Commission officials said they will

contact Door and Access Systems Manufacturers

Association to initiate a joint resolution and open communications. 

96th Air Base Wing Public Affairs,

AFMC News Service ♦
11

Directed Energy Weapons Course

Instructor: Dr. Edward Scannell, WSTIAC

Course Description: 

This one day classified short course provides an introduction to the basic principles and techniques of Directed

Energy Weapons (DEWs). The technologies behind each

type of DEW will be examined, and the critical path components will be identified and explored with respect to their

effect on future DEW development. In addition, advantages that can be achieved by employing DEWs will be

discussed, as well as the status of U.S. and foreign DE

developments and deployments. The key DEW programs

in High Energy Lasers and RF-DEWs or High Power

Microwaves will be fully described.

This short course will be of great benefit to people who

need to understand the basic concepts, technologies,

design requirements and practical applications of DEWs,

including program and business managers, political decision makers, engineers, scientific researchers and military

personnel. An undergraduate technical degree is recommended. Mathematics is kept to a minimum, but important formulas are introduced. 

Training at Your Location:

WSTIAC can conduct this course at your location to reduce

your travel time and cost. Please call Mrs. Kelly Hopkins

to discuss.

Fee:

$700.00 for government personnel; $800.00 for government contractors.

Location: Huntsville, Alabama

6 April, 27 July, 30 November 2004

Notice: WSTIAC reserves the right to cancel and/or

change the course schedule and/or instructor for any reason. In the event of a schedule change or cancellation,

registered participants will be individually informed.

WSTIAC Newsletter Summer 2004

Questions to be examined include:

iWhat is Directed Energy and what are the different

types of Directed Energy Weapons?

iWhat are the advantages and disadvantages of

each type of DEW and what are their target effects and tactical and strategic capabilities?

iHow do DEWs work and what are the critical technologies that must be developed for their eventual use in

practical systems?

iHow may threat DEW effects be countered and how

can we protect our own systems?

iWhat are the major U.S. and international DEW

programs that are being pursued?

iWhat is the prognosis for future DEW development?

About the Instructor: 

Dr. Edward Scannell is the Senior Program Manager of

the Engineering & Technical Division, Chief Scientist for

WSTIAC, and formerly Chief of the Directed Energy and

Power Generation Division of the U.S. Army Research

Laboratory. He has 30 years of experience in technical

areas related to DEWs, including: plasma physics; conventional and alternative energy sources, electromagnetic

(EM) guns, particle beam, laser, high power microwave

(HPM), and pulse power physics. 

Security Classification:

The information presented is kept at the unclassified level,

but is designated FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY (FOUO) and

is export controlled. The security classification of this

course is SECRET (U.S. citizens only) to facilitate discussions.

Handout Material:

Each student will receive a comprehensive set of course

notes covering the material presented. 

For additional information, contact: 

Mrs. Kelly Hopkins, Seminar Administrator, 

at (256) 382-4747, or by e-mail 

khopkins@alionscience.com
12

Introduction to Sensors and Seekers for Smart Munitions

and Weapons Course

Instructor: Mr Paul Kisatsky, WSTIAC

Location: Huntsville, Alabama

2-4 March, 25-27 May, 17-19 August, 28-30 September 2004

Course Description: 

This 3-day short course provides an introduction to the

most commonly used sensors and seekers employed in

smart munitions and weapons (projectiles, missiles and

wide area mines). It is oriented to managers, engineers,

and scientists who are engaged in smart weapons program development and who desire to obtain a deeper

understanding of the sensors they must deal with, but who

do not need to personally design or analyze them in depth.

An undergraduate technical degree is recommended.

Mathematics is kept to a minimum, but important formulas are introduced. This course also provides an excellent

foundation for those scientists and engineers who desire to

pursue this discipline to intermediate and advanced levels. 

The course covers:

iClassification of seekers and sensors

iFundamentals of waves and propagation

iFundamentals of noise and clutter

iFundamentals of search footprints

iIntroduction to infrared

iIntroduction to radar

iIntroduction to ladar

iIntroduction to visionics

iIntroduction to acoustics

iFuture projections and interactive brainstorming

Noise and clutter, the predominant obstacles to success in

autonomous seekers, are given emphasis. The major sensor types are classified and each is discussed. In particular, infrared, radar, optical laser radar (ladar), imaging

and non-imaging, and acoustic sensors are individually

covered. Of special interest is the discussion on human

visionics versus machine recognition, since this concept is

of central importance to understanding autonomous versus man-in-the-loop sensing systems. The implications of

"artificial intelligence", "data fusion", and "multi-mode" 

sensors are also briefly discussed. System constraints,

which force tradeoffs in sensor design and in ultimate performance, are also covered. Time permitting, a projection

of future trends in the role of sensors for smart munitions will

be presented, followed by a "brain-storming" session to

solicit student views.

About the Instructor: 

Mr. Paul Kisatsky is a Senior Physical Scientist. He is a

nationally recognized expert on sensors and seekers for

smart munitions and weapons and has more than 30 years

of hands-on experience developing sensors and seekers

fielded in modern smart munitions and weapons.

Security Classification:

This course is unclassified.

Training at Your Location:

WSTIAC can conduct this course at your location to reduce

your travel time and cost. Please call Mrs. Kelly Hopkins

to discuss.

Fee:

The registration fee for this 3-day course is $950 for U.S.

government personnel and $1150 for government contractors. Contractor teams of 3 or more, registered at the

same time, are charged $950 per person.

Handout Material:

Each student will receive a comprehensive set of course

notes covering the material presented. 

For additional information, contact: 

Mrs. Kelly Hopkins, Seminar Administrator, 

at (256) 382-4747, or by e-mail 

khopkins@alionscience.com

Notice: WSTIAC reserves the right to cancel and/or

change the course schedule and/or instructor for any reason. In the event of a schedule change or cancellation,

registered participants will be individually informed.
13

Weaponeering Course 

Instructor: Professor Morris Driels, US Naval Postgraduate School

Course Description: 

This 21⁄2-day short course is based on a very successful

graduate-level weaponeering course developed by

Professor Driels and taught at the Naval Postgraduate

School(NPS), Monterey, CA. The course will provide an

overview of the fundamentals of the weaponeering

process and its application to air-to-surface and surfaceto-surface engagements. The course explains the analytical basis of current weaponeering tools known as the Joint

Munitions Effectiveness Manuals (JMEMs) produced by the

Joint Technical Coordinating Group for Munitions

Effectiveness (JTCG/ME). The JMEMs are used by all

Services to plan offensive missions and allow the planners

to predict the effectiveness of selected weapon systems

against a variety of targets. 

Training at Your Location:

WSTIAC can conduct this course at your location to reduce

your travel time and cost. Please call Mrs. Kelly Hopkins

to discuss.

Fee:

The registration fee for this 21⁄2-day course is $950 for U.S.

government personnel and $1150 for government contractors. Contractor teams of 3 or more, registered at the

same time, are charged $950 per person.

Notice: WSTIAC reserves the right to cancel and/or

change the course schedule for any reason. In the event of

a schedule change or cancellation, registered participants

will be individually informed.

WSTIAC Newsletter Summer 2004

The short course is divided into three parts. 

Part I covers the basic tools and methods used in 

weaponeering:

iThe weaponeering process

iElementary statistical methods

iWeapon trajectory

iDelivery accuracy of guided and unguided 

munitions

iTarget vulnerability assessment

Part II covers the weaponeering process for air-launched

weapons against ground targets:

iSingle weapons directed against point and 

area targets

iStick deliveries (point and area targets)

iProjectiles (guns and rockets)

iCluster munitions

iWeaponeering for specific targets: bridges,

buildings, etc.)

iCollateral damage modeling

About the Instructor: 

Professor Driels is a Professor of Mechanical Engineering

at the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey,

California. He has worked with the JTCG/ME on a variety

of topics in support of the JMEMs for a number of years.

He has taught a quarter-long weaponeering course at NPS

for three years and is preparing a text book on the subject.

Security Classification:

The security classification of this course is SECRET (U.S.

citizens only) to facilitate discussions.

Handout Material:

Each student will receive a comprehensive set of course

notes covering the material presented. 

For additional information, contact: 

Mrs. Kelly Hopkins, Seminar Administrator, 

at (256) 382-4747, or by e-mail 

khopkins@alionscience.com

Part III covers the weaponeering process for ground

engagements:

iIndirect fire systems - artillery and mortars.

iDirect fire systems - infantry and armored vehicles.

iMines - land and sea.

Location: Huntsville, Alabama

20-22 April, 31 August-2 September, 7-9 December 2004
14

Training at Your Location:

WSTIAC can conduct this course at your location to

reduce your travel time and cost. Please call Mrs. Kelly

Hopkins to discuss.

Notice: WSTIAC reserves the right to cancel and/or

change the course schedule and/or instructor for any

reason. In the event of a schedule change or cancellation, registered participants will be individually

informed.

Handout Material:

Each student will receive a comprehensive set of course

notes covering the material presented. 

For additional information, contact: 

Mrs. Kelly Hopkins, Seminar Administrator, 

at (256) 382-4747, or by e-mail 

khopkins@alionscience.com

Smart/Precision Weapons Course

Instructors: Mr. Hunter Chockley and Mr. Mark Scott, WSTIAC

Location: Huntsville, Alabama

17-19 February, 30 March-1 April, 11-13 May, 13-15 July, 26-28 October, 

16-18 November 2004

Course Description: 

This 21⁄2-day short course provides a comprehensive

understanding of smart weapons and related technologies. This course is aimed at providing general knowledge about smart weapons technology

and a source of current information on selected U.S.

and foreign smart weapons, to include system

description, concept of employment, performance

characteristics, effectiveness and program status.

A variety of ground, sea and air smart/precision

weapon systems are discussed, to include fielded

and/or developmental U.S. systems such as Joint

Direct Attack Munition (JDAM), Joint Air-to-Surface

Standoff Missile (JASSM), Small Diameter Bomb,

Javelin, Line-of-Sight Anti-Tank (LOSAT), XM982

Excaliber, Extended Range Guided Munition

(ERGM), Common Missile, Tomahawk, Standoff

Land Attack Missile - Expanded Response (SLAMER), Cluster Bomb Munitions and Airborne Laser,

among others, as well as representative foreign

smart/precision weapons.

The objective of this course is to inform materiel and

combat developers, systems analysts, scientists,

engineers, managers and business developers

about smart/precision weapons, to include:

iState-of-the-art of representative U.S. and 

foreign smart weapons systems;

iEmployment concepts

iSmart weapons related systems, subsystems,

and technologies; and

iTechnology trends.

Fee:

The registration fee for this 21⁄2-day course is $950 for

U.S. government personnel and $1150 for government

contractors. Contractor teams of 3 or more, registered

at the same time, are charged $950 per person.

Security Classification:

The information presented is kept at the unclassified

level, but is designated FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY

(FOUO) and is export controlled. The security classification of this course is SECRET (U.S. citizens only) to

facilitate discussions.

About the Instructors: 

Mr. Mark Scott and Mr. Hunter Chockley are Science

Advisors. Each instructor has more than 25 years of

experience with weapons technology and/or

smart/precision weapons.
15

C a l e n d a r o f E v e n t s

Upcoming Conferences and Courses

WSTIAC Newsletter Summer 2004

October 2004 ober 2004

12-14 October 2004

Precision Strike Technology Symposium

"Accelerating Joint & Coalition Technology Advances

for Precision Strike"

Laurel, MD

For additional information:

Email: info@precisionstrike.org 

http://register.ndia.org/interview/register.ndia?PID=Brochure

&SID=_1C50Q0DJD&MID=5PST

13-15 October 2004

2004 TACOM APBI

"Government and Industry Unite to Support our Forces"

Dearborn, MI

For additional information:

Email: adekleine@ndia.org

http://register.ndia.org/interview/register.ndia?PID=Brochure

&SID=_1C50Q0DJD&MID=5520

20-23 September 2004

AIAA 1st Intelligent Systems Technical Conference

Chicago, ILL

For additional information:

http://www.aiaa.org/calendar/index.hfm?cal=5&luMeetingid

=1007

17-20 October 2004

41st Annual AOC International Symposium

"Global IO/EW Engagement of Terrorist and

Asymmetric Threats"

San Diego, CA

For additional information:

http://www.crows.org/EVENTS/2004/CONV/AOC2004.htm

18-21 October 2004

9th Annual Expeditionary Warfare Conference

"Government and Industry Unite to Support our Forces"

Panama City, FL

For additional information:

Email: sbaldwin@ndia.org 

http://register.ndia.org/interview/register.ndia?PID=Brochure

&SID=_1C50Q0DJD&MID=5700

20-21 October 2004

Interoperability 2004

"Integrating process, organization, systems"

Washington, DC

For additional information:

http://www.idga.org/cgibin/templates/singlecell.html?topic=222&event=5259

25-28 October 2004

7th Annual Systems Engineering Conference

"Government and Industry Unite to Support our Forces"

Dallas, TX

For additional information:

Email: vallen@ndia.org

http://register.ndia.org/interview/register.ndia?PID=Brochure

&SID=_1C50Q0DJD&MID=5870

November 2004 vember 2004

1-5 November 2004

CANEUS 2004--Conference on Micro-NanoTechnologies

Monterey, CA

For additional information:

http://www.aiaa.org/content.cfm?pageid=230&lumeetingid=

1085

3-4 November 2004

MANPADS Conference

"MANPADS: The Worldwide Threat to Aviation"

Huntsville, AL

For additional information:

http://www.crows.org/EVENTS/2004/110304_Manpads/man

pads04.htm

9-10 November 2004

Helicon 2004

Washington, DC

For additional information:

http://www.idga.org/cgibin/templates/singlecell.html?topic=222&event=5476

16-18 November 2004

2004 AIAA Missile Sciences Conference

Monterey, CA

For additional information:

http://www.aiaa.org/content.cfm?pageid=230&lumeetingid=

1083

14-17 November 2004

Insensitive Munitions & Energetic Materials Symposium

San Francisco, CA

For additional information:

Email: cbuck@ndia.org

http://register.ndia.org/interview/register.ndia?PID=Brochure

&SID=_1C50Q0DJD&MID=5550

16-17 November 2004

Advanced Countermine Technology

Arlington, VA

For additional information:

http://www.idga.org/cgibin/templates/singlecell.html?topic=222&event=571825-

16-18 November 2004

42nd Annual NDIA Targets, UAVs & Range Operations

North Charleston, SC

For additional information:

Email: sbaldwin@ndia.org

http://register.ndia.org/interview/register.ndia?PID=Brochure

&SID=_1C50Q0DJD&MID=5410

28 November 1 December 2004

Power and Energy Systems - PES 2004

"Distributed Energy and Demand Response"

Clearwater Beach, FL

For additional information:

Email: calgary@iasted.org

http://www.iasted.org/conferences/2004/florida/pes.htm
16

Inside this issue

Comanche Termination1

Director’s Corner

Comanche Knowledge Capture

in the news

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