Southwestern Willow Flycatcher Breeding Site and Territory 

Summary – 2006 

Scott L. Durst1, Mark K. Sogge1, Shay D. Stump2, Sartor O. Williams3, Barbara E. Kus4, and Susan J. 

Sferra5. 

Open File Report 2007-1391 

U.S. Department of the Interior 

U.S. Geological Survey 

 Photo by S. Sferra 

1

U.S. Geological Survey, Southwest Biological Science Center, Colorado Plateau Research Station, Flagstaff, AZ 

2

Arizona Game and Fish Department - Research Branch, Phoenix, AZ 

3

New Mexico Department of Game and Fish, Santa Fe, NM 

4

U.S. Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, San Diego Field Station, San Diego, CA 

5

U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, Phoenix Area Office, Phoenix, AZ
U.S. Department of the Interior 

DIRK KEMPTHORNE, Secretary 

U.S. Geological Survey 

Mark D. Myers, Director 

U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia 2007 

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2007, Southwestern Willow Flycatcher Breeding Site and Territory Summary – 2006: USGS Open 


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Cover photo by S. Sferra. 

Contents 

Introduction ....................................................................................... 1 

Changes in number of known territories over time .................................... 4 

Number of sites over time: surveyed vs estimated.......................................... 5 

Number of territories over time: surveyed vs estimated.................................. 6 

Recency of survey data ...................................................................... 7 

Distribution of breeding sites by number of territories .................................... 8 

Distribution of territories by state ........................................................... 10 

Distribution of territories by drainage ...................................................... 11 

Distribution of territories by Recovery and Management Unit ........................... 12 

Elevation range of breeding territories .................................................... 13 

Use of native and exotic habitats ........................................................... 14 

Dominant tree species at breeding sites .................................................. 15 

Administration/management of sites and territories ................................... 16 

Summary .......................................................................................... 17 

Acknowledgements............................................................................. 18 

Literature cited ................................................................ .................. 18 

Appendix 1 ........................................................................................ 20 

Appendix 2 ........................................................................................ 23 
 

 

2006 Southwestern Willow Flycatcher Rangewide Summary 

Southwestern Willow Flycatcher Breeding Site and 

Territory Summary - 2006 

By Scott L. Durst, Mark K. Sogge, Shay D. Stump, Sartor O. Williams, Barbara E. Kus, and Susan 

J. Sferra. 

U.S. Geological Survey Open File Report 2007-1391 

Introduction 

The Southwestern Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii extimus) is an endangered bird 

that breeds only in dense riparian habitats in six southwestern states (southern 

California, extreme southern Nevada, southern Utah, southwestern Colorado, Arizona, 

and New Mexico). Since 1993, hundreds of Southwestern Willow Flycatcher surveys 

have been conducted each year, and many new flycatcher breeding sites located. This 

document synthesizes information on all known Southwestern Willow Flycatcher 

breeding sites. 

This rangewide data synthesis was designed to meet these objectives: 

1 – identify all known Southwestern Willow Flycatcher breeding sites, and 

2 – assemble data on population size, location, habitat, and other information for 

all breeding sites, for as many years as possible, from 1993 through 2006. 

This report provides data summaries in terms of the number of flycatcher sites and the 

number of territories. When interpreting and using this information, the following must 

be kept in mind: 

A site is a location where one or more Willow Flycatchers establishes a territory. 

 Sites with unpaired territorial males are considered breeding sites even if no nesting 

attempts were documented. A site is often a discrete patch of habitat; however, there is 

no standardized definition for site and its use varies among states. For example, five 

occupied habitat patches along a 10 km stretch of river might be considered five 

different sites in one state, but only a single site in another state. This lack of 

standardization makes comparisons based on “site” problematic. For this report, we 

deferred to statewide summary documents or to local managers and researchers when 

delineating a site for inclusion in the database. Due to differences in site definitions, 

one should not evaluate the relative importance of a geographic region (drainage, 

watershed, state, etc.) based simply on the number of flycatcher sites. 

1
 
2006 Southwestern Willow Flycatcher Rangewide Summary 

A territory is an exclusive defended area within a breeding site. Although 

detailed monitoring studies have identified unpaired territorial males and/or polygynous 

males at some flycatcher breeding sites, for the purposes of this report a territory is 

roughly equivalent to a pair of flycatchers. In general the concept of territory is more 

similar among states and different investigators than is the term “site”, thus it is a more 

robust unit to use for summaries and comparisons. However, keep in mind that the 

definition of a polygynous territory is not consistent among states; a male polygynously 

paired with two females would be considered one territory in some states and two 

territories in other states. 

For each breeding site, we referred to reports or spoke directly with researchers and 

managers to gather information such as management entity/agency, location (state, 

drainage, elevation), gross habitat type (native, exotic, or mixed; dominant tree 

species), and number of flycatcher territories. 

Synthesizing the information on more than 200 breeding sites is challenging because 

annual survey reporting requirements are not standardized rangewide, and the nature 

and degree of readily available information varied widely from state to state. 

This is particularly true for areas such as California, where there are many flycatcher 

sites but surveyors are not required to submit standardized flycatcher survey forms. 

The lack of consistent reporting makes it difficult to determine precise survey locations, 

compare locations between years, standardize site names, and evaluate site-specific 

characteristics. It also introduces long delays in access to basic site and population 

information. However, California has instituted a state-wide database (coordinated by 

the USGS San Diego Field Station) that compiles data from an array of investigators; 

this database has greatly aided the compilation of data at the rangewide level. While 

Arizona, California, and New Mexico all compile state-wide survey summaries, 

Colorado, Nevada, and Utah do not have coordinated state-wide survey efforts and data 

for these state is compiled at the rangewide level. 

This report includes all known flycatcher breeding sites reported between 1993 and 

2006. The statistics included herein are based on survey data from the most recent 

year during which surveys were conducted, whether flycatchers were detected or not. 

Therefore, data from 158 sites that were not surveyed in 2006 are still included in the 

site and territory tallies if they had territorial flycatchers during one or more years since 

1993. This report does not include data from sites where only migrant Willow 

Flycatchers were detected. 

This report also includes sites that at some time since 1993 had territorial Southwestern 

Willow Flycatchers, but as of the most recent survey have zero territories. We 

considered these sites “extirpated” based on this definition but continue to include them 

in data summaries based on the most recent surveys conducted at these sites. Sites 

considered extirpated in one year may be recolonized by territorial flycatchers in 

subsequent years and we do not imply any regulatory or permanent designation in 

calling a site “extirpated”. 

2
 
2006 Southwestern Willow Flycatcher Rangewide Summary 

Additional Considerations in Using and Interpreting the Data in this Report: We used 

data from a wide variety of sources, and the amount of information and level of detail 

varied greatly among sites. Because survey methodology and effort varied among sites 

and/or between years, these summary data should be interpreted and used keeping this 

variation in mind. Following is a discussion of cautions to consider when using these 

data. 

Subspecies status of each site: The sites entered into this database all fall 

within the geographic range of the southwestern subspecies (E.t. extimus), as 

defined by Unitt (1987), Browning (1993), Sogge et al. (1997), and USFWS 

(2002). Recent studies of flycatcher genetics (e.g., Paxton 2000) and song 

patterns (e.g., Sedgwick 2001) support a more southern range boundary for E.t. 

extimus than was used for the 1999 summary (Sogge et al. 2000). Future 

research may provide more insight into subspecies range boundaries; therefore, 

additional sites may eventually be removed from management as E.t. extimus, 

and/or new geographic areas and sites could be added. This should be 

considered when producing updates in future years, and when making 

rangewide comparisons among years. 

Population estimates: Population estimates are just that – estimates. Their 

accuracy and precision vary with survey effort, survey intent, surveyor 

experience, habitat density, flycatcher behavior, and even background noise 

levels. The population estimates reported for a site are generally the minimum 

number of flycatchers that are likely present based on the overall survey results; 

i.e., if surveyors suspected 12 to 14 flycatchers, the lower (more conservative) 

number was used. Therefore, although estimates may be very accurate for some 

intensively surveyed sites, the overall statistics presented in this report should be 

recognized as approximate. 

We sincerely thank the many people who generously provided information from the 

sites they were surveying and monitoring (see following sections listing data sources 

and contacts and acknowledgements). Every effort was made to locate and include all 

survey information for every known Southwestern Willow Flycatcher breeding site; 

however, due to delays in reporting for some sites, some 2006-season survey 

information may not be available until after this report is produced (November 2007). 

New 2006 survey information that is not included herein will be incorporated in future 

rangewide reports. 

3
 
2006 Southwestern Willow Flycatcher Rangewide Summary 

DATA SUMMARIES 

Changes in the number of known territories over time 

Since 1993, extensive survey effort in Arizona, California, Colorado, Nevada, New 

Mexico, and Utah has greatly increased the number of known breeding sites and 

territories. From a 1993 estimate of 40 sites and 140 territories, we now have data for 

284 sites and 1262 territories (Figure 1). This increase should NOT be interpreted 

entirely as a Southwestern Willow Flycatcher population increase. Rather, it is to a 

great extent a function of increased survey effort over time. Although population 

increases and decreases undoubtedly occur at some sites, movements of birds among 

sites and lack of standardized survey effort/reporting make it difficult to separate 

population trends from variances in survey effort. Determination of trends (positive or 

negative) can be made in only a few cases, and original data sources (e.g., reports, 

survey data sheets, etc.) must be consulted when trying to elucidate population trends. 

FIGURE 1. 

Estimated number of known breeding sites and territories, as of 2006. Numbers of sites and 

territories prior to 2006 have been updated as new information has become available and may be 

different from past reports. 

1400 300 

1200 

1000 

ries # Territo

800 

600 

400 

200 

0 

Territories 

Sites 

250 

200 

150 

# Sites 

100 

50 

0 

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 

Year 

4
 
2006 Southwestern Willow Flycatcher Rangewide Summary 

Numbers of sites over time: surveyed vs estimated 

Not all of the 284 sites where Southwestern Willow Flycatcher territories have been 

discovered over the last 14 years are surveyed every year. However, our compilation 

includes all sites where flycatcher territories have been detected since 1993, including 

sites that were not surveyed in 2006. Therefore the total estimated number of sites 

(n=284) includes 126 that were surveyed in 2006, plus 158 that were last surveyed in 

2005 or earlier. The number of sites actually surveyed each year increased from 1993 

to 2001, but has been declining since then. This results in an increasing gap between 

the total number of estimated flycatcher sites and the number actually surveyed in the 

most recent year. See the section on Recency of Survey Data (below) and Appendix 1 

for additional details. 

FIGURE 2. 

Number of estimated and surveyed breeding sites, as of 2006. Numbers of sites and territories 

prior to 2006 have been updated as new information has become available and may be different 

from past reports. 

5
 

# Sites 

300 

250 

200 

150 

100 

50 

0 

Sites Surveyed 

Sites Estimated 

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
 

Year 
2006 Southwestern Willow Flycatcher Rangewide Summary 

Numbers of territories over time: surveyed vs estimated 

As previously noted, not all known Southwestern Willow Flycatcher breeding sites are 

surveyed every year. For sites that were not surveyed in 2006, we used the numbers 

reported in the most recent pre-2006 survey as an estimate of the number of territories 

currently at that site. Thus, for sites that were not surveyed in 2006, we continue to 

report the number of territories from the most recent survey year. In 2006, our 

estimated total number of territories (1262) includes 831 detected in 2006-season 

surveys, plus 431 territories from sites that were last surveyed in 2005 or before (Figure 

3). As with site estimates, the trend over the last several years is for an increasing gap 

between the number of territories known via recent surveys and the total number 

estimated. See the section on Recency of Survey Data (below) and Appendix 1 for 

additional details. 

FIGURE 3. 

Number of estimated and surveyed territories, as of 2006. Numbers of sites and territories prior to 

2006 have been updated as new information has become available and may be different from past 

reports. 

# Territories 

1400 

1200 

1000 

800 

600 

400 

200 

0 

Surveyed Territories 

Estimated Territories 

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
 

Year 

6
 
 

2006 Southwestern Willow Flycatcher Rangewide Summary 

Recency of survey data 

As previously indicated, the information used in this report is based on the most recent 

available survey data for each site. However, not all sites are surveyed every year. Of 

the 284 sites where Southwestern Willow Flycatchers have occurred since 1993, only 

126 sites were surveyed in 2006. Although our estimates for some sites are based on 

older survey data, over 68% of known sites have been surveyed since 2004, and sites 

surveyed since 2004 account for almost 90% of the rangewide estimated number of 

flycatcher territories. Thus, the information used for most of the statistics reported 

herein is quite recent. All data presented in this report are based on the most recent 

survey available for a given site. For 126 sites. the data are from surveys conducted in 

2006; however, for 158 sites the most recent data were collected prior to 2006. 

Table 1. Most recent year of survey data for sites and territories included in this report, as of 2006. 

Year # Sites % Total Sites 

(n = 284) 

# Territories % Total Territories 

(n = 1262) 

1993 1 0.4 2 0.2 

1994 1 0.4 0 0.0 

1995 1 0.4 1 0.1 

1996 2 0.7 5 0.4 

1997 4 1.4 5 0.4 

1998 4 1.4 6 0.5 

1999 6 2.1 6 0.5 

2000 4 1.4 9 0.7 

2001 30 10.6 63 5.0 

2002 22 7.7 27 2.1 

2003 15 5.3 5 0.4 

2004 28 9.9 73 5.8 

2005 40 14.1 229 18.1 

2006 126 44.4 831 65.8 

7
 
Distribution of breeding sites by number of territories 

Most Southwestern Willow Flycatcher breeding sites are small, both in terms of the 

number of territories (hosting five or fewer territories: Figure 4) and habitat patch size. 

Willow Flycatcher territories have disappeared from 135 of the 284 sites tracked since 

1993 and as of the most recent survey do not have any territories (See Appendix 2 for a 

list of extirpated sites). All but two of these sites where flycatcher territories are no 

longer detected were composed of five or fewer territories. The two exceptions – 

Colorado River inflow to Lake Mead, and PZ Ranch on the San Pedro River – were 

larger sites where habitat was destroyed by flooding and fire, respectively. Additionally 

there have been incidences of fire and flooding that did not result in the total loss of 

flycatcher breeding habitats. There were fires during the 2004 and 2005 breeding 

seasons in Arizona at the Gila River Kearney Sewage Ponds and San Pedro River 

Dudleyville Crossing sites, respectively, that may have reduced the amount of suitable 

breeding habitat for flycatchers at these sites. The inundation of Roosevelt Lake and 

Horseshoe Reservoir in Arizona prior to the 2005 breeding season dramatically reduced 

the available riparian habitat at some sites. The long-term impact of fire and flooding at 

these breeding sites is unknown and should be examined through continued survey 

efforts. 

Figure 4. 

Number of territories at Willow Flycatcher Breeding Sites, as of 2006.
 

140 48% 

120 

37% 

100 

80 

60 

40 

20 6% 6%

2% 1% 1% 0% 

0 

# Territories per Site 

0 1-5 6-10 11-20 21-50 51-100 101-150 >151 

2006 Southwestern Willow Flycatcher Rangewide Summary 

8
 
2006 Southwestern Willow Flycatcher Rangewide Summary 

Not all birds at the sites where flycatcher territories are no longer detected necessarily 

died – some of these birds moved to other sites where they attempted to establish 

breeding territories. We know this is the case for banded flycatchers that moved from 

the Verde River Tuzigoot Bridge and PZ Ranch to other sites (Paxton and Sogge 1996, 

Paxton et al. 1997, Netter et al. 1998), plus numerous movements following the 

inundation of Roosevelt Lake (Causey et al. 2005). Some of these sites may eventually 

cycle back into occupancy by breeding flycatchers due to a change in habitat quality, an 

increase in number of nearby territories, or other unknown or undetected factors. There 

have been 45 sites that have been recolonized after at least one year of zero territorial 

flycatchers detections indicating that currently extirpated sites may develop suitable 

habitat in the future. Some of these sites have repeatedly cycled between occupied and 

unoccupied status and some currently have territories while others do not. 

If we look again at the size distribution of breeding sites and exclude the sites where 

territories are no longer detected, the picture remains much the same - the vast majority 

of sites (104 of 149; 70%) have five or fewer territories. Because most of the 135 sites 

where birds are no longer detected had very small populations (usually only one or two 

territories), their loss does not greatly affect the overall rangewide territory estimates, 

nor many of the territory statistics that we have reported herein. 

9
 
2006 Southwestern Willow Flycatcher Rangewide Summary 

Distribution of territories by state 

Arizona, New Mexico, and California account for the greatest number of known 

Southwestern Willow Flycatcher sites and territories (Table 2). Nevada, Colorado, and 

Utah account for about 12% of territories, primarily because these states have few 

known Willow Flycatcher breeding sites occurring far enough south to fall within the 

range of E.t. extimus. Texas is absent from this table because there were no survey 

data or other records to shed light on current status and distribution within the state. 

For a revised version of Table 2 that includes updated estimated and surveyed numbers 

of sites and territories by year and state see Appendix 1. 

Table 2. Number of Southwestern Willow Flycatcher breeding sites and territories by state, as of 

2006. 

State # Sites % of Total Sites # Territories % of Total Territories 

AZ 123 43.3 482 38.2 

CA 96 33.8 190 15.1 

CO 11 3.9 58 4.6 

NM 38 13.4 443 35.1 

NV 13 4.6 82 6.5 

UT 3 1.1 7 0.6 

TOTAL 284 1262 

10
 
 

2006 Southwestern Willow Flycatcher Rangewide Summary 

Distribution of territories by drainage 

In general we have designated a drainage name to serve as a functional unit, rather 

than a defined hydrological unit, as a means to summarize site and territory information. 

More flycatcher territories are found along the Gila River than any other major drainage 

(Table 3); one of the largest known populations (in the Cliff-Gila Valley, NM) contributes 

many of the territories within this drainage. Elsewhere in New Mexico, and in southwest 

Colorado, most territories are along the Rio Grande. The primary flycatcher drainages 

in California are the Kern, Owen’s, San Luis Rey, Santa Ana, and Santa Margarita 

rivers. In Arizona, most flycatchers are found along the Gila, San Pedro, and Salt River 

drainages. The Virgin River drainage supports the majority of flycatchers in Utah. The 

Virgin River and the Pahranagat River support most of the flycatchers in Nevada. Sites 

along the Colorado River are in Arizona, California, and Utah. The scale of all 

drainages in the rangewide summary is not equivalent and the drainage naming 

convention is specific to a particular watershed. 

Table 3. The number of Southwestern Willow Flycatcher breeding sites and territories by major 

river drainage (drainages with >1% of total flycatcher territories), as of the 2006 breeding season. 

Drainage # Sites % of Total Sites # Territories % of Total Territories 

Big Sandy River 2 0.7 27 2.1 

Bill Williams River 6 2.1 14 1.1 

Canadian River 6 2.1 15 1.2 

Colorado River 41 14.4 27 2.1 

Gila River 49 17.3 326 25.8 

Kern River 2 0.7 16 1.3 

Owen's River 5 1.8 28 2.2 

Pahranagat River 4 1.4 36 2.9 

Rio Grande 25 8.8 263 20.8 

Salt River 6 2.1 56 4.4 

San Luis Rey River 9 3.2 59 4.7 

San Pedro River 19 6.7 157 12.4 

Santa Ana River 30 10.6 33 2.6 

Santa Margarita River 3 1.1 22 1.7 

Tonto Creek 1 0.4 61 4.8 

Verde River 6 2.1 18 1.4 

Virgin River 8 2.8 51 4.0 

All others* 62 21.8 53 4.2 

Total 284 1262 

*All others includes drainages that had <1% of total territories: Agua Fria River, Agua Hedionda, 

Amargosa River, Chama River, Hassayampa River, Las Flores Creek, Little Colorado River, Meadow 

Valley Wash, Mimbres River, Mojave River, San Diego Creek, San Diego River, San Dieguito River, San 

Felipe Creek, San Francisco River, San Gabriel River, San Juan Creek, San Juan River, San Mateo 

Creek, Santa Clara River, Santa Cruz River, Santa Maria River, Santa Ynez River, Sulphur Creek, 

Sweetwater River, Temecula Creek 

11 
2006 Southwestern Willow Flycatcher Rangewide Summary 

Distribution of territories by Recovery and Management Unit 

We tallied the number of breeding sites and territories by Recovery Unit and 

Management Unit (Table 4), as defined in the Southwestern Willow Flycatcher 

Recovery Plan (USFWS 2002). Note that in some Management Units, the number of 

territories is less than the number of sites; this occurs where Management Units 

include primarily small sites, one or more of which no longer contains territorial 

flycatchers as of the most recent survey (i.e., “extirpated” sites; see Appendix 2). 

Table 4. The currently known number of flycatcher breeding sites, territories (as of 2006 data) and 

number of territories necessary for recovery criteria, by Recovery Unit and Management Unit. 

Recovery Unit Management Unit # of Sites # of Territories Recovery Criteria 

Basin and Mojave Owens 5 28 50 

Kern 2 16 75 

Amargosa 2 2 25 

Mojave 7 4 25 

Salton 1 4 25 

TOTAL 17 54 200 

Coastal California Santa Ynez 4 7 75 

Santa Clara 12 8 25 

Santa Ana 33 33 50 

San Diego 24 88 125 

TOTAL 73 136 275 

Gila Verde 6 18 50 

Hassayampa - Agua Fria 2 3 25 

Roosevelt 7 117 50 

San Francisco 2 3 25 

Upper Gila 21 287 325 

Gila – San Pedro 46 196 150 

Santa Cruz 1 0 25 

TOTAL 85 624 625 

Lower Colorado Pahranagat 6 44 50 

Virgin 7 43 100 

Little Colorado 5 9 50 

Middle Colorado 20 9 25 

Hoover - Parker 6 14 50 

Bill Williams 9 41 100 

Parker – Southern. Intl Boundary 16 4 150 

TOTAL 70 164 525 

Rio Grande San Luis Valley 7 54 50 

Upper Rio Grande 16 34 75 

Middle Rio Grande 8 185 100 

Lower Rio Grande 3 7 25 

TOTAL 34 280 250 

Upper Colorado 

River 

San Juan 

Powell 

5 

0 

4 

0 

25 

25 

TOTAL 5 4 50 

GRAND TOTAL 284 1262 1950 

12
 
Elevation range of breeding territories 

The Southwestern Willow Flycatcher is distributed over a wide elevation range. The 

majority of sites occur between 0 and 1000 m elevation (Figure 5a). Most territories are 

found between 0 and 1600 m (Figure 5b), with “spikes” at 601-800 m (the Gila/San 

Pedro River confluence and Roosevelt Lake in AZ) and 1401-1600 m (the Cliff-Gila 

Valley in NM). Although relatively few territories are known to occur above 2000 m 

elevation, Willow Flycatchers breed at three sites that are above 2500 m. 

Figure 5. 

Figure 5a. The percentage of flycatcher breeding sites located 

at different elevations, as of 2006 (200 = 0 - 200 m, 400 = 201 - 400 m, etc.).
 

2006 Southwestern Willow Flycatcher Rangewide Summary 

25 

20 

200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400 2600 

% Sites 15 

10 

5 

0 

Elevation (meters) 

Figure 5b. The percentage of flycatcher territories occurring at differing 

elevations, as of 2006 (200 = 0 - 200 m, 400 = 201 - 400 m, etc.). 

30 

25 

200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400 2600 

% Territories 20 

15 

10 

5 

0 

Elevation (meters) 

13
 
2006 Southwestern Willow Flycatcher Rangewide Summary 

Use of native and exotic habitats 

Most flycatcher breeding sites are comprised of spatially complex habitat mosaics, often 

including both exotic and native vegetation. Within a site territories are frequently 

clumped and/or distributed near the patch edge. Thus, the vegetative composition of 

individual territories may differ from the overall composition of the patch. However, 

depending on the time in the breeding season and the breeding status of an individual, 

flycatchers may move extensively within a patch, travel between patches, or exploit 

resources outside of a breeding patch (Cardinal et al. 2005, 2006). Therefore an area 

much larger than a territory and possibly much larger than a patch may be important to 

flycatcher breeding success and persistence at a particular site. This concept is 

supported by recent habitat modeling (Hatten and Paradick 2003, Paxton et al. 2007). 

Detailed territory-based habitat measurements are lacking for the majority of 

Southwestern Willow Flycatcher breeding sites, yet we attempted to broadly 

characterize the use of native and exotic habitats. To do so, we classified the habitat at 

each site into one of four broad categories, based on the overall species composition of 

the tree/shrub layer(s) of the site. The categories were: 

Native (>90% native vegetation) 

Mixed – >50% Native (50-90% native vegetation) 

Mixed – >50% Exotic (50-90% exotic vegetation) 

Exotic (>90% exotic vegetation) 

Habitat patches comprised of native vegetation account for less than half (43%) of the 

known flycatcher territories (Figure 6). Although only 6% of territories occur at exotic 

sites, another 50% are located within sites where the habitat includes native/exotic 

mixtures. In many of these cases, exotics are contributing significantly to the habitat 

structure by providing the dense lower-strata vegetation that flycatchers prefer. 

14
 

 

Figure 6. 

Percentage of flycatcher territories occurring within breeding sites of 

differing compositions of native and exotic vegetation, as of the 2006 breeding season.
 

Not
 

Reported
 > 90% Exotic 

43% 

22% 

6% 

2% 

> 90% Native 

Mixed: > 50% Exotic 

28% 

Mixed: > 50% Native 
Dominant tree species at breeding sites 

Similar to classifying breeding territory habitat based on patch-level characteristics, the 

dominant tree species may differ between a patch and an individual territory within that 

patch. Generally, detailed territory-based habitat measurements are lacking for the 

majority of Southwestern Willow Flycatcher breeding sites. Despite this limitation, it is 

useful to characterize the dominant tree species within known flycatcher breeding sites. 

To characterize the degree to which flycatchers breed in habitats dominated by 

particular tree species, we tallied the number of territories occurring in breeding sites 

dominated by particular tree species. Over half (55%) of territories are found at sites 

where willow (Salix spp) is the dominant tree species (Figure 7). Saltcedar (Tamarix 

spp.) predominates at sites that account for 27% of territories and 12% are in patches 

where boxelder (Acer negundo) is the most common habitat component. Taken 

together, sites dominated by all other tree species account for only about 5% of 

territories. 

The large percentage of territories located in boxelder dominated habitats might suggest 

that boxelder sites are widely used across the Southwestern Willow Flycatcher’s range. 

 However, boxelder dominated breeding habitats occur only in the Cliff-Gila Valley, New 

Mexico (Stoleson and Finch 2003). 

 

Figure 7. 

Percentage of flycatcher territories occurring within breeding sites 

dominated by particular tree species, as of the 2006 breeding season. 

All Others (5%) Not Reported (2%) 

Willow 

(Salix) (55%) 

Saltcedar 

(Tamarix) (27%) 

Boxelder 

(Acer) (12%) 

2006 Southwestern Willow Flycatcher Rangewide Summary 

15
 
Administration/management of sites and territories 

One factor important in conservation and recovery planning is the nature of ownership 

or administration of a site – e.g., whether management of the site is the responsibility of 

private landowners, the government, or some other entity. We examined this in two 

ways – first by site, then by territory. 

By Site (Figure 8a): Forty-four percent of known breeding sites are under federal 

government administration, 28% are on privately owned lands, state/local/municipal 

governments account for another 13% of sites, and 5% are administered by Native 

American tribes. 

By Territory (Figure 8b): Federal lands account for 53% of flycatcher territories, and 

private for 36%. This underscores the importance of working with private landowners 

as flycatcher conservation and recovery efforts proceed. Roughly a third (32%) of the 

flycatcher territories found on privately owned lands are in the Cliff-Gila Valley, New 

Mexico. 

Figure 8 

Figure 8a. Percentage of flycatcher breeding Figure 8b. Percentage of flycatcher 

sites found under different land ownership, territories found under different land 

as of the 2006 breeding season. ownership, as of the 2006 breeding season. 

Not Reported 

Not Reported (2%) 

(10%) 

rivate (28%) 

Federal (53%) 

Federal (44%) 

Private (36%) 

Tribal (5%) Tribal (2%) 

State, Local, or State, Local, or
 Municipal (13%) Municipal (7%)
 

2006 Southwestern Willow Flycatcher Rangewide Summary 

P

16
 
2006 Southwestern Willow Flycatcher Rangewide Summary 

SUMMARY: 2006 

•	 We have learned of many new breeding sites and territories since the early 1990s as 

a result of extensive survey efforts throughout the Southwest. In 1993, there were 

only 140 known territories distributed among 40 breeding sites. The current 

estimate (as of 2006) is 1262 territories located among 284 sites (but remember the 

earlier caution about lack of standard definition for “site”). 

•	 Not all of the 284 known sites are surveyed every year. The total estimated number 

of known territories (1262) is based on the most recent survey at all sites and does 

not reflect sites that were actually surveyed in a given year. At 126 sites surveyed in 

2006, there were 831 territories detected. 

•	 Most territories are found within small breeding sites (those sites with five or fewer 

territories). There are only six sites with 50 or more territories, though this 

comparison is confounded by lack of a standard definition of site. 

•	 We know of 135 sites that at one time had flycatcher since 1993, but as of 2006 do 

not contain flycatcher territories - almost all were small sites (five or fewer 

territories). Because these were primarily small sites, these territory losses account 

for only a small percentage of known territories; however, they underscore the 

vulnerability of small sites. 

•	 The states of California, Arizona, and New Mexico account for 88% of known 

flycatcher territories. Nevada, Colorado, and Utah collectively have 12% of the 

known territories. We have received no reporting from standardized Southwestern 

Willow Flycatcher surveys in Texas, and hence know nothing of the current status of 

the flycatcher there. 

•	 Southwestern Willow Flycatchers are distributed over a wide elevation range, with 

most from sea level to 1600 m, but a few sites (n=3) are located as high as 2500 m 

in elevation. 

•	 Fewer than half (43%) of territories are in native habitat and 28% are in habitats 

having a 50% or greater exotic component. A large percentage of the territories in 

native habitat occur at one site – the Cliff-Gila Valley in New Mexico. Over 90% of 

territories are in habitats where willow, saltcedar, or boxelder are the dominant tree 

species; flycatchers breed in boxelder-dominated habitats only in the Cliff-Gila 

Valley, New Mexico. 

•	 Fewer than half (44%) of sites are on federally-controlled lands and 28% are on 

private lands; these privately owned sites account for 36% of known territories. 

Approximately one-third (32%) of territories on privately owned sites are found in the 

Cliff-Gila Valley, New Mexico. 

17
 
Acknowledgements 

This synthesis of data from so many sites over such a broad geographic range was only 

made possible by the efforts of numerous cooperators. Originally, these data were 

gathered by hundreds of agency and non-governmental biologists surveying for 

thousands of hours, often in very difficult field conditions. Their dedication and efforts 

are greatly appreciated. Further, the ability to report specific information for each site 

was aided by agencies and people that provided detailed summary information; our 

sincere thanks go to the individuals listed below. 

For Arizona: Lisa Ellis, Heather English, Alex Smith, Oliva Munzer and April Tudor (all 

of the Arizona Game and Fish Department); Greg Beatty (USFWS); and Kerry 

Christensen (Hualapai Tribe). For California: Kerry Kenwood and Jay Rourke (USGS); 

Peter Bloom, Mary Anne McLeod, and Tom Koronkiewicz (SWCA, Inc.); Pete Famolaro 

(Sweetwater Authority); Jim Greaves; William Haas (Varanus Biological Services); 

Loren Hays (USFWS); Mark Holmgren; David Pereksta (USFWS); and Mary Whitfield 

(Kern River Research Center). For Colorado: Mike Fitzgerald, and Lynn Alterman 

(Ecosphere); Kelli Stone and Terry Ireland (USFWS); Jill Lucero (BLM); and Mike Stake 

(Hawks Aloft). For Nevada: Jeri Krueger (USFWS); Robert McKernan (SBCM); Cris 

Tomlinson and Christina Klinger (Nevada Division of Wildlife); Mary Anne McLeod and 

Tom Koronkiewicz (SWCA, Inc.) For New Mexico: Rob Doster, Darrel Ahlers, and 

Francoise Leonard (US Bureau of Reclamation); and Nancy Baczek (USFWS). For 

Utah: Keith Day (BLM) and Frank Howe (Utah Division of Wildlife Resources). 

This project was sponsored in part using federal funds from the U.S. Geological Survey 

and the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation (Phoenix Area Office). 

Literature Cited 

Browning, M.R. 1993. Comments on the taxonomy of Empidonax traillii (Willow 

Flycatcher). Western Birds 19:25-33. 

Cardinal, S.N. and E.H. Paxton. 2005. Home range, movement, and habitat use of the 

Southwestern Willow Flycatcher, Roosevelt Lake, AZ – 2004. U.S. Geological 

Survey report to the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, Phoenix. 

Cardinal, S.N., E.H. Paxton, and S.L. Durst. 2006. Home range, movement, and 

habitat use of the Southwestern Willow Flycatcher, Roosevelt Lake, AZ – 2005. 

U.S. Geological Survey report to the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, Phoenix. 

Causey, C.F., S.L. Durst, P.J. Newell, M.G. Pollock, E.H. Paxton, and M.K. Sogge. 

2005. Survivorship and movements of Southwestern Willow Flycatchers at 

Roosevelt Lake, Arizona – 2005. U.S. Geological Survey report to the U.S 

Bureau of Reclamation, Phoneix. 

2006 Southwestern Willow Flycatcher Rangewide Summary 

18
 
2006 Southwestern Willow Flycatcher Rangewide Summary 

Hatten, J.R., and C.E. Paradzick. 2003. A multiscaled model of southwestern willow 

flycatcher breeding habitat. Journal of Wildlife Management 67: 774-788. 

Netter, M.R., E.H. Paxton and M.K. Sogge. 1998. Banding and movements of the 

Southwestern Willow Flycatcher at Roosevelt Lake and San Pedro River/Gila 

River confluence, Arizona – 1998. USGS Colorado Plateau Field Station Report. 

Paxton, E.H. 2000. Molecular genetic structuring and demographic history of the 

Willow Flycatcher. Masters Thesis. Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ. 

Paxton, E. and M.K. Sogge. 1996. Banding and population genetics of Southwestern 

Willow Flycatchers in Arizona – 1996 Summary Report. USGS Colorado Plateau 

Field Station Report. 

Paxton, E.H, S. Langridge, and M.K. Sogge. 1997. Banding and population genetics of 

Southwestern Willow Flycatchers in Arizona – 1997 Summary Report. USGS 

Colorado Plateau Field Station Report. 

Paxton, E.H., M.K. Sogge, T.C. Theimer, and J. Hatten. 2007. The Ecology of the 

Southwestern Willow Flycatcher in Central Arizona: A 10-year Synthesis Report. 

USGS Open File Report 2007-1381 http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1381. 

Sedgwick, J.A. 2001. Geographic variation in the song of Willow Flycatchers: 

differentiation between Empidonax traillii adastus and E.t. extimus. Auk 118:366-

379. 

Sogge, M.K., R.M. Marshall, S.J. Sferra and T.J. Tibbitts. 1997. A Southwestern 

Willow Flycatcher natural history summary and survey protocol. National Park 

Service Technical Report NPS/NAUCPRS/NRTR-97/12. 

Sogge, M. K., S. J. Sferra, T. D. McCarthey, S. O. Williams, and B. E. Kus. 2000. 

Southwestern Willow Flycatcher breeding site and territory summary - 1999. 

U.S. Geological Survey, Flagstaff, AZ. 

Stoleson, S.H. and D.M. Finch. 2003. Microhabitat use by breeding Southwestern 

Willow Flycatchers on the Gila River, New Mexico. Studies in Avian Biology 

26:91-95. 

Unitt, P. 1987. Empidonax traillii extimus: an endangered subspecies. Western Birds 

18:137-162. 

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2002. Final Southwestern Willow Flycatcher Recovery 

Plan. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Albuquerque, NM. 

19
 
 

 

 

 

 

 

2006 Southwestern Willow Flycatcher Rangewide Summary 

Appendix 1. Distribution of sites and territories by year and state based on both 

estimated and surveyed values. Data for years prior to 2006 reflect the actual surveys 

conducted in the year and estimates based on the most recent surveys prior to that 

year. These updated numbers may differ from past reports. 

Year 

Estimated Sites and Territories Surveyed Sites and Territories 

State # Sites 

% of 

Total 

Sites 

by 

Year 

# Terr. 

% of 

Total 

Terr. 

by 

Year 

# Sites 

% of 

Total 

Sites 

by 

Year 

# Terr. 

% of 

Total 

Terr. 

by 

Year 

AZ 123 43.3 482 38.2 78 61.9 349 42.0 

CA 96 33.8 190 15.1 14 11.1 44 5.3 

CO 11 3.9 58 4.6 1 0.8 0 0.0 

2006 NM 38 13.4 443 35.1 21 16.7 361 43.4 

NV 13 4.6 82 6.5 10 7.9 70 8.4 

UT 3 1.1 7 0.6 2 1.6 7 0.8 

TOTAL 284 1262 126 831 

AZ 113 42.3 492 40.9 88 59.1 481 48.1 

CA 93 34.8 192 16.0 21 14.1 47 4.7 

CO 10 3.7 58 4.8 3 2.0 48 4.8 

2005 NM 37 13.9 389 32.4 25 16.8 365 36.5 

NV 11 4.1 67 5.6 9 6.0 55 5.5 

UT 3 1.1 4 0.3 3 2.0 4 0.4 

TOTAL 267 1202 149 1000 

AZ 105 42.0 516 44.3 86 53.8 508 49.1 

CA 90 36.0 197 16.9 33 20.6 109 10.5 

CO 10 4.0 51 4.4 7 4.4 47 4.5 

2004 NM 31 12.4 325 27.9 22 13.8 308 29.8 

NV 11 4.4 68 5.8 9 5.6 56 5.4 

UT 3 1.2 7 0.6 3 1.9 7 0.7 

TOTAL 250 1164 160 1035 

AZ 104 42.6 420 39.1 91 53.8 412 43.4 

CA 86 35.2 196 18.3 38 22.5 113 11.9 

CO 9 3.7 79 7.4 6 3.6 75 7.9 

2003 NM 31 12.7 306 28.5 22 13.0 289 30.5 

NV 11 4.5 64 6.0 9 5.3 52 5.5 

UT 3 1.2 8 0.7 3 1.8 8 0.8 

TOTAL 244 1073 169 949 

20
 
 

 

 

 

 

 

2006 Southwestern Willow Flycatcher Rangewide Summary 

Year 

Estimated Sites and Territories Surveyed Sites and Territories 

State # Sites 

% of 

Total 

Sites 

by 

Year 

# Terr. 

% of 

Total 

Terr. 

by 

Year 

# Sites 

% of 

Total 

Sites 

by 

Year 

# Terr. 

% of 

Total 

Terr. 

by 

Year 

AZ 95 42.2 456 42.3 86 50.0 450 45.9 

CA 74 32.9 195 18.1 38 22.1 130 13.3 

CO 10 4.4 60 5.6 9 5.2 59 6.0 

2002 NM 32 14.2 312 29.0 27 15.7 299 30.5 

NV 11 4.9 49 4.5 9 5.2 37 3.8 

UT 3 1.3 5 0.5 3 1.7 5 0.5 

TOTAL 225 1077 172 980 

AZ 92 42.6 351 40.7 84 43.5 345 41.6 

CA 83 38.4 220 25.5 73 37.8 206 24.8 

CO 1 0.5 1 0.1 0 0.0 0 0.0 

2001 NM 25 11.6 215 24.9 21 10.9 202 24.4 

NV 12 5.6 73 8.5 12 6.2 73 8.8 

UT 3 1.4 3 0.3 3 1.6 3 0.4 

TOTAL 216 863 193 829 

AZ 87 42.0 337 39.8 80 42.6 331 40.3 

CA 74 35.7 185 21.9 65 34.6 171 20.8 

CO 1 0.5 1 0.1 1 0.5 1 0.1 

2000 NM 31 15.0 257 30.4 28 14.9 252 30.7 

NV 11 5.3 56 6.6 11 5.9 56 6.8 

UT 3 1.4 10 1.2 3 1.6 10 1.2 

TOTAL 207 846 188 821 

AZ 92 49.5 295 36.4 87 50.3 290 36.7 

CA 66 35.5 193 23.8 60 34.7 184 23.3 

CO 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 

1999 NM 22 11.8 300 37.0 20 11.6 295 37.3 

NV 5 2.7 17 2.1 5 2.9 17 2.1 

UT 1 0.5 5 0.6 1 0.6 5 0.6 

TOTAL 186 810 173 791 

AZ 97 57.1 223 33.1 94 58.4 221 33.4 

CA 41 24.1 137 20.3 37 23.0 131 19.8 

CO 1 0.6 1 0.1 1 0.6 1 0.2 

1998 NM 21 12.4 262 38.9 19 11.8 257 38.9 

NV 8 4.7 30 4.5 8 5.0 30 4.5 

UT 2 1.2 21 3.1 2 1.2 21 3.2 

TOTAL 170 674 161 661 

21
 
 

 

 

 

 

 

2006 Southwestern Willow Flycatcher Rangewide Summary 

Year 

Estimated Sites and Territories Surveyed Sites and Territories 

State # Sites 

% of 

Total 

Sites 

by 

Year 

# Terr. 

% of 

Total 

Terr. 

by 

Year 

# Sites 

% of 

Total 

Sites 

by 

Year 

# Terr. 

% of 

Total 

Terr. 

by 

Year 

AZ 67 50.0 188 30.7 66 51.2 188 31.1 

CA 38 28.4 118 19.2 36 27.9 115 19.0 

CO 3 2.2 35 5.7 3 2.3 35 5.8 

1997 NM 20 14.9 243 39.6 18 14.0 238 39.3 

NV 5 3.7 18 2.9 5 3.9 18 3.0 

UT 1 0.7 11 1.8 1 0.8 11 1.8 

TOTAL 134 613 129 605 

AZ 45 45.0 145 30.5 44 45.4 145 30.7 

CA 27 27.0 118 24.8 26 26.8 117 24.7 

CO 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 

1996 NM 25 25.0 208 43.7 24 24.7 206 43.6 

NV 2 2.0 3 0.6 2 2.1 3 0.6 

UT 1 1.0 2 0.4 1 1.0 2 0.4 

TOTAL 100 476 97 473 

AZ 25 39.7 84 24.1 24 39.3 84 24.3 

CA 18 28.6 89 25.6 18 29.5 89 25.7 

CO 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 

1995 NM 18 28.6 172 49.4 17 27.9 170 49.1 

NV 1 1.6 1 0.3 1 1.6 1 0.3 

UT 1 1.6 2 0.6 1 1.6 2 0.6 

TOTAL 63 348 61 346 

AZ 25 47.2 111 30.7 25 48.1 111 30.9 

CA 10 18.9 84 23.3 10 19.2 84 23.4 

CO 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 

1994 NM 18 34.0 166 46.0 17 32.7 164 45.7 

NV 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 

UT 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 

TOTAL 53 361 52 359 

AZ 17 42.5 33 23.6 17 42.5 33 23.6 

CA 7 17.5 75 53.6 7 17.5 75 53.6 

CO 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 

1993 NM 16 40.0 32 22.9 16 40.0 32 22.9 

NV 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 

UT 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 

TOTAL 40 140 40 140 

22
 
2006 Southwestern Willow Flycatcher Rangewide Summary 

Appendix 2. List of the 135 sites that at one time had Southwestern Willow Flycatcher 

territories, but were unoccupied as of the most recent survey (zero territories for one or 

more years). The most recent survey year is indicated. 

We term these “extirpated” sites, though it is important to recognize that a particular site 

could become occupied again in the future. If flycatchers are detected at any site in 

subsequent years, that site will no longer be considered “extirpated” and would be 

removed sites from this list. In past years there have been 45 sites that were 

unoccupied for one or more years but were subsequently reoccupied by flycatchers. 

Site Name Site Code Year State Reference 

Agua Hedionda -

Macario Canyon AHMACA 2001 CA W. Haas per Kus 2002 table 

Ash Meadows NWR -

Carson Slough AMAMCS 2006 NV Klinger and Furtek 2007 

Amargosa River - Oasis 

Valley - Springdale AMOVSP 2006 NV Klinger and Furtek 2007 

Bill Williams Buckskin BWBUCK 2006 AZ Graber et al. 2007 

Bill Williams - Cave 

Wash BWCAVE 2006 AZ Graber et al. 2007 

Bill Williams Delta 

Marsh Edge BWDEMA 2006 AZ Graber et al. 2007 

Bill Williams Gemini BWGEMI 2006 AZ Graber et al. 2007 

Parkview Fish Hatch CHPARK 2001 NM Williams 2002 

Colorado River - Grand 

Cyn RM 246 L CO246L 2006 AZ Graber et al. 2007 

Colorado River - Miles 

257.5 to 257.0 R CO257R 2005 AZ English et al. 2006 

Colorado River - Grand 

Cyn RM 259.5 L CO259L 2005 AZ English et al. 2006 

Colorado River - Grand 

Cyn RM 259 R CO259R 2006 AZ Graber et al. 2007 

Colorado River - Grand 

Cyn RM 263-262 L CO263L 2004 AZ Munzer et al. 2005 

Colorado River - Grand 

Cyn RM 265-263 L CO265L 2003 AZ Smith et al. 2004 

Colorado River - Grand 

Cyn RM 268-265 L CO268L 2003 AZ Smith et al. 2004 

Colorado River - Grand 

Cyn RM 268-264 R CO268R 2004 AZ Munzer et al. 2005 

Colorado River - Grand 

Cyn RM 270-268 L CO270L 2003 AZ Smith et al. 2004 

Colorado River - Grand 

Cyn RM 272-268 R CO272R 2004 AZ Munzer et al. 2005 

Colorado River - Grand 

Cyn RM 273-270 L CO273L 2002 AZ Smith et al. 2003 

Colorado River - Grand 

Cyn RM 277-273 L CO277L 2006 AZ Graber et al. 2007 

23
 
2006 Southwestern Willow Flycatcher Rangewide Summary 

Site Name Site Code Year State Reference 

Colorado River - Adobe 

Lake COADOB 2006 AZ Graber et al. 2007 

Colorado River - Big 

Hole Slough COBHSL 2005 CA Koronkiewicz et al. 2006 

Colorado River 

Blankenship COBLAN 2006 AZ Graber et al. 2007 

Colorado River - Cibola 

SW Landing Strip COCIBO 2006 AZ Graber et al. 2007 

Colorado River - Draper 

Lake CODRAP 2001 CA Smith et al. 2002 

Colorado River -

Ferguson Lake COFERG 2005 AZ Koronkiewicz et al. 2006 

Colorado River - Grand 

Canyon RM 28-29 COGC29 2005 AZ English et al. 2006 

Colorado River - Grand 

Canyon RM 50-51 L COGC50 2005 AZ English et al. 2006 

Colorado River - Grand 

Canyon RM 65.3 L COGC65 2004 AZ Munzer et al. 2005 

Colorado River - Grand 

Canyon RM 71 L COGC71 2005 AZ English et al. 2006 

Colorado River - Gila 

Confluence 1 COGILA 2006 AZ Graber et al. 2007 

Lake Havasu - Neptune COHAVA 2006 AZ Graber et al. 2007 

Colorado River - Hoge COHOGE 2006 AZ Graber et al. 2007 

Kanab Creek - Town of 

Kanab COKANB 2005 UT Day 2005 

Colorado River - Mittry 

Lake COMITT 2006 AZ Graber et al. 2007 

Colorado River -

Picacho East COPICA 2005 CA Koronkiewicz et al. 2006 

Colorado River - Taylor 

Lake COTAYL 2005 CA Kenwood May 2007 file 

Colorado River -

Trampas Wash COTRAM 2005 CA Kenwood file May 2007 

Colorado River -

Waterwheel Cove COWACO 2006 AZ Graber et al. 2007 

Colorado River - Walker 

Lake COWALK 2005 CA Kennwood file May 2007 

Gila River - Dysart Road GIDYSA 2003 AZ Smith et al. 2004 

Gila River - Earven Flat GIEAFL 2005 AZ English et al. 2005 

Gila River - Fortuna 

Wash GIFOWA 2006 AZ Graber et al. 2007 

Gila River - Fort 

Thomas Bridge GIFTBR 1994 AZ Paradzick et al. 2001 

Gila River - GRSN031 GIGI31 2006 AZ Graber et al. 2007 

Gila River GRN010 GIGN10 2006 AZ Graber et al. 2007 

Gila River GRN011 GIGN11 2000 AZ Paradzick et al. 2001 

24
 
2006 Southwestern Willow Flycatcher Rangewide Summary 

Site Name Site Code Year State Reference 

Gila River GRN015 GIGN15 2002 AZ Smith et al. 2003 

Gila River - GRN 033 GIGN33 2006 AZ Graber et al. 2007 

Gila River - GRS011 GIGS11 2006 AZ Graber et al. 2007 

Gila River GRS012 GIGS12 2006 AZ Graber et al. 2007 

Gila River GRS013 GIGS13 2003 AZ Smith et al. 2004 

Gila River GRS015 GIGS15 2002 AZ Smith et al. 2003 

Gila River - Guthrie GIGUTH 2006 AZ Graber et al. 2007 

Gila River - San Jose GISAJO 2001 AZ Smith et al. 2002 

Gila River - Smithville 

Canal GISMIT 1997 AZ McCarthey et al. 1998 

Gila River - Solomon 

NW GISONW 2006 AZ Graber et al. 2007 

Gila River - Whitlow 

Dam GIWHDA 2006 AZ Graber et al. 2007 

Canebreak Preserve KECANE 2003 CA 

Jones and Stokes from Kus 

2003 

Nelson Reservoir LCNERE 2006 AZ Graber et al 2007 

Las Flores Creek LFLAFL 2006 CA Kenwood file May 2007 

Holcomb Creek - Little 

Bear Springs MOLBRS 2004 CA K. Kenwood file Sept 2005 

Mojave River - Oro 

Grande MOORGR 2004 CA K. Kenwood file Sept 2005 

Mojave River, Upper 

Narrows MOUPNA 2006 CA Kenwood file May 2007 

Mojave River, Victorville 

I-15 MOVICT 2004 CA K. Kenwood file Sept 2005 

Meadow Valley Wash -

Site 1 MVMV01 2006 NV Klinger and Furtek 2007 

Pahranagat River -

Crystal Springs PACRSP 2005 NV Furtek and Tomlinson 2006 

Sulphur Creek PHSUCR 2003 CA 

J. Berkeley - Kus/Kenwood 

table 

Bluewater Creek RIBLUE 2006 NM Baczek email 3/07 

Rio Grande Velarde-El 

Guique RIELGU 2002 NM Williams email 3/03 

Rio Grande VelardeGarcia Acequia RIGARC 2006 NM Baczek email 3/07 

Rio Grande - Hot Creek 

SWA RIHTSW 2004 CO Ecosphere 2006 

Rio Grande Velarde-La 

Canova RILACA 2006 NM Baczek email 3/07 

Rio Grande Velarde-La 

Rinconada RILARI 2006 NM Baczek email 3/07 

Rio Grande Orilla Verde RIORIL 2006 NM Baczek email 3/07 

Rio Grande - Casa 

Colorado RIRGCC 2006 NM Baczek email 3/07 

25
 
2006 Southwestern Willow Flycatcher Rangewide Summary 

Site Name Site Code Year State Reference 

Rio Grande Taos 

Junction Bridg RITAOS 2006 NM Baczek email 3/07 

Santa Ana River - SR 

38 Bridge Crossing SA38BC 2005 CA Kenwood file May 2007 

Santa Ana River - Bear 

Creek SABEAR 2004 CA K. Kenwood file Sept 2005 

Santa Ana River - City 

Creek SACICR 2002 CA K. Kenwood file Sept 2005 

Santa Ana River - Deer 

Creek SADEER 2004 CA K. Kenwood file Sept 2005 

Santa Ana River - East 

Etiwanda Creek SAEECR 2001 CA K. Kenwood file May 2006 

Santa Ana River -

Featherly Regional Park SAFEAT 2001 CA Kenwood Table 04/2005 

Santa Ana River - La 

Cadena to Waterman SALACA 2004 CA K. Kenwood file Sept 2005 

Santa Ana River -

Metcalf Creek SAMECR 2004 CA K. Kenwood file May 2006 

Santa Ana River - Mtn 

Home Village SAMTNH 2004 CA K. Kenwood file May 2006 

Santa Ana River -

Rattlesnake Creek SARTSN 2004 CA K. Kenwood file Sept 2005 

Santa Ana River - San 

Timoteo Creek SASNTI 2006 CA Kenwood file May 2007 

Santa Ana River -

Strawberry Creek SASTCR 2000 CA 

D. Guthrie pers comm from 

B.Kus 

Santa Ana River - Van 

Dusen Canyon SAVDCA 2002 CA 

K. Kenwood data file Sept 

2005 

Santa Ana River -

Waterman Creek SAWACR 2001 CA SBCM per Kus 2002 table 

San Gabrial River SBSAGA 2005 CA K. Kenwood file May 2006 

San Dieguito River SDSADI 2004 CA K. Kenwood file Sept 2005 

Santa Ysabel Creek -

Tim's Canyon SDTICA 2002 CA K. Kenwood file Sept 2005 

San Diego Creek -

Laguna Lakes SGLALA 2004 CA K. Kenwood file Sept 2004 

Los Pinos River - Bear 

Dance to 151 SJLPBD 2006 CO T. Ireland email July 2007 

San Juan River -

Shiprock SJSHIP 1999 NM Fitzgerald unpub data 

San Luis Rey River -

Agua Caliente Creek SLACCR 2001 CA W. Haas per Kus 2002 table 

San Luis Rey River, 

Couser Cyn SLCOUS 2003 CA K. Kenwood file Sept 2005 

San Luis Rey River -

Guajome Lake SLGUAJ 2006 CA Kenwood file may 2007 

26
 
2006 Southwestern Willow Flycatcher Rangewide Summary 

Site Name Site Code Year State Reference 

San Luis Rey River -

Pilgrim Creek SLPILG 2006 CA Kenwood file May 2007 

De Luz Creek - Camp 

Pendleton SMDELU 2006 CA Kenwood file May 2007 

Santa Maria River, 

Lower SNSMLO 2005 AZ English et al. 2006 

San Mateo Creek SOSMCR 2006 CA Kenwood file May 2007 

San Pedro River -

Apache Powder Rd SPAPPO 2004 AZ Munzer et al. 2005 

San Pedro River -

Bingham Cienega SPBICI 2005 AZ English et al. 2006 

San Pedro River -

Capgage Wash SPCAWA 2005 AZ English et al. 2006 

San Pedro River -

Hereford Bridge SPHEBR 2006 AZ Graber et al. 2007 

San Pedro River -

Indian Hills SPINHI 2005 AZ English et al. 2006 

San Pedro River -

Malpais Hill SPMAHI 2005 AZ English et al. 2006 

San Pedro River - Soza 

Wash SPSOWA 2003 AZ Smith et al. 2004 

San Pedro River, SR 90 SPSR90 2006 AZ Graber et al. 2007 

Salt River Inflow - Roos 

Lk: Lakeshore SRLAKE 2006 AZ Graber et al. 2007 

Salt River - School 

House Point N SRSCHN 2006 AZ Graber et al. 2007 

Salt River - School 

House Point S SRSCHS 2006 AZ Graber et al. 2007 

Santa Clara River -

Arco/Four Corners STARCO 2005 CA K. Kenwood file May 2006 

Santa Clara River -

Fillmore Fish Hatch STFILL 2002 CA K. Kenwood file Sept 2005 

Santa Clara River -

Saticoy STSATI 2003 CA K. Kenwood file Sept 2005 

Santa Clara River - San 

Francisquito Creek STSFCR 2001 CA K. Kenwood file May 2006 

Santa Clara River -

Soledad Canyon STSOCA 2004 CA K. Kenwood file Sept 2005 

Santa Clara River -

Upper Piru Creek STUPPI 2006 CA Kenwood file May 2007 

San Juan Creek -

Canada Gobernadora SUCAGO 2004 CA K. Kenwood file Sept 2005 

San Juan Creek - La 

Novia Bridge SUNOBR 2005 CA K. Kenwood file May 2006 

Sweetwater Reservoir SWSWRE 2006 CA Kenwood file May 2007 

Santa Ynez River -

Gibralter SYGIBR 2002 CA K. Kenwood file Sept 2005 

27
 
2006 Southwestern Willow Flycatcher Rangewide Summary 

Site Name Site Code Year State Reference 

Santa Ynez River -

Lompoc SYLOMP 2003 CA Kenwood Table 04/2005 

Santa Cruz River -

Cienega Creek SZCICR 2006 AZ Graber et al. 2007 

Temecula Creek -

Aguanga TEAGUA 2001 CA K. Kenwood file Sept 2005 

Verde River - Camp 

Verde VECAVE 2005 AZ English et al. 2006 

Verde River - Davenport VEDAWA 2006 AZ Graber et al. 2007 

Verde River, Ister Flat VEISTE 2006 AZ Graber et al. 2007 

Verde River - Tavasci 

Marsh VETAVA 1999 AZ Paradzick et al. 2000 

Verde River - Tuzigoot 

Bridge VETUZI 2006 AZ Graber et al. 2007 

Virgin River - Littlefield VILITT 2006 AZ Graber et al. 2007 

Muddy River - Moapa 

Valley VIMUMV 2006 NV Klinger and Furtek 2007 

28