Appendix 7 

Acute Impacts Refined Analysis Figures 
Refined Acute Modeling Approach 

 Initial acute screening risk calculations were performed with the HEM-3 model. 

HEM-3 estimates acute (1-hour) impacts at both polar and census block receptors. It is 

assumed for this short period of time that an exposed individual could be located at any 

off-site location. The lack of readily available detailed property boundary information 

for many of the facilities evaluated made it difficult to determine whether receptors were 

on- or off-site. In the absence of such information, the first ring of polar receptors was 

placed 100 meters from the plant center for many facilities. However, these polar rings 

often transected on-site locations, restricting public access to exposures at these levels 

and thereby overestimating exposures. 

 The screening approach used by HEM-3 to estimate maximum 1-hour exposures 

also likely overestimates. To estimate maximum 1-hour concentrations at each receptor, 

HEM-3 sums the maximum concentrations attributed to each source, regardless of 

whether those maximum concentrations occurred during the same hour. In other words, 

HEM-3 assumes that the maximum impact from each source at each receptor occurs at 

the same time. In actuality, maximum impacts from different sources may occur at 

different times. 

 This appendix includes the results of refined acute assessments performed for 

facilities that exceeded short-term health benchmarks using the HEM-3 approach. The 

refinements can address both areas of conservatism described above. The simplest 

refinement is to plot the HEM-3 polar grid results on aerial photographs of the facilities; 

This allows the assessment of off-site locations that may be accessible to the public (e.g.,

roadways and public buildings.). In cases where this refinement results in lower acute 

risks no further refinement was conducted. However, if acute risk still remain at or near 

levels of concern a further refinement is conducted. This second refinement includes 

remodeling with the AERMOD model directly (instead of using HEM) to estimate 

maximum 1-hour concentrations at each receptor by pairing individual source impacts in 

time and space. The AERMOD results are then plotted on aerial photographs as noted 

above to determine off-site impacts. Modeling with AERMOD also allows the 

estimation of the frequency of higher impacts at or above the health levels of concern. 

The attached figures present the estimated hazard quotient values (the modeled 1-hour 

concentration of a pollutant divided by its short-term health benchmark) at the polar 

receptors near the facilities. Each set of figures is prefaced with a description of the 

maximum off-site hazard quotient value and where that value occurs. Refer to below for 

a brief summary; 
• NEI1863; Acute Risk Screening HQ was equal to 11 for propyl cellosolve, initial 

screening value was based upon an on-site receptor, a review of the plotted 

values with site imagery indicated the off-site HQ was equal to or less than 10. 

• NEI31329; Acute Risk Screening HQ was equal to 14 for formaldehyde, initial 

screening value was based upon an on-site receptor, a review of the plotted 

values with site imagery indicated the off-site HQ was equal to or less than 7. 

• NEI11076; Acute Risk Screening HQ was equal to 12 for formaldehyde, initial 

screening value was based upon an on-site receptor, a review of the plotted 

values with site imagery indicated the off-site HQ was equal to or less than 6. 

• NEI8889; Acute Risk Screening HQ was equal to 6 for formaldehyde, initial 

screening value was based upon an off-site receptor, a review of the plotted 

values with site imagery validated the screening model run. 

• NEICA0732693 Acute Risk Screening HQ was equal to 16 for propyl cellosolve, 

initial screening value was based upon an on-site receptor, a review of the plotted 

values with site imagery indicated the off-site HQ was equal to or less than 5. 

• NEICA0732848 Acute Risk Screening HQ was equal to 16 for propyl cellosolve, 

initial screening value was based upon an on-site receptor, a review of the plotted 

values with site imagery indicated the off-site HQ was equal to or less than 5. 

• NEI34094; Acute Risk Screening HQ was equal to 6 for formaldehyde, initial 

screening value was based upon wrong lat/long coordinates for polar grid, a 

review of the plotted values with site imagery indicated the off-site HQ was equal 

to 2 or less than 4. 

• NEI21266; Acute Risk Screening HQ was equal to 10 for propyl cellosolve, 

initial screening value was based upon an on-site receptor, a review of the plotted 

values with site imagery indicated the off-site HQ was equal to or less than 3. 

• NEI54347; Acute Risk Screening HQ was equal to 3 for propyl cellosolve, initial 

screening value was based upon wrong lat/long coordinates for polar grid, a 

review of the plotted values with site imagery indicated the off-site HQ was equal 

to 3 or less. 

• NEI11081; Acute Risk Screening HQ was equal to 3 for propyl cellosolve, initial 

screening value was based upon an off-site receptor, a review of the plotted 

values with site imagery validated the screening model run. 

• NEICA0732631; Acute Risk Screening HQ was equal to 3 for propyl cellosolve, 

initial screening value was based upon an on-site receptor, a review of the plotted 

values with site imagery indicated the off-site HQ was equal to or less than 3. 

• NEIIN0370005; Acute Risk Screening HQ was equal to 3 for formaldehyde, 

initial screening value was based upon wrong lat/long coordinates for polar grid, a 

review of the plotted values with site imagery indicated the off-site HQ was less 

than or equal 2. 

• NEIAL0270004; Acute Risk Screening HQ was equal to 3 for formaldehyde, 

initial screening value was based upon wrong lat/long coordinates for polar grid, a 

review of the plotted values with site imagery indicated the off-site HQ was less 

than or equal to 2. 

• NEI12341; Acute Risk Screening HQ was equal to 2 for propyl cellosolve, initial 

screening value was based upon wrong lat/long coordinates for polar grid, a 
review of the plotted values with site imagery indicated the off-site HQ was less 

than or equal 2 . 

• NEI46017; Acute Risk Screening HQ was equal to 2 for formaldehyde, initial 

screening value was based upon wrong lat/long coordinates for polar grid, a 

review of the plotted values with site imagery indicated the off-site HQ was less 

than or equal 2 . 

• NEIAL1210030; Acute Risk Screening HQ was equal to 2 for formaldehyde, 

initial screening value was based upon an off-site receptor, a review of the 

plotted values with site imagery validated the screening model run. 

• NEI11131; Acute Risk Screening HQ was equal to 2 for formaldehyde, initial 

screening value was based upon an off-site receptor, a review of the plotted 

values with site imagery validated the screening model run. 

• NEIIN0530003; Acute Risk Screening HQ was equal to 2 for toluene, initial 

screening value was based upon wrong lat/long coordinates for polar grid, a 

review of the plotted values with site imagery indicated the off-site HQ was less 

than or equal 2 . 

• NEI21375; Acute Risk Screening HQ was equal to 2 for propyl cellosolve, initial 

screening value was based upon an on-site receptor, a review of the plotted 

values with site imagery indicated the off-site HQ was equal to or less than 1. 

• NEI8557; MIR site with acute Risk Screening HQ equal to 25 for formaldehyde, 

initial screening value was based upon wrong lat/long coordinates for polar grid, a 

review of the plotted values with site imagery indicated the off-site HQ was less 

than or equal 1 . 

• NEI47004; Acute Risk Screening HQ was equal to 6 for formaldehyde, initial 

screening value was based upon an on-site receptor, a review of the plotted 

values with site imagery indicated the off-site HQ was equal to or less than 2. 

• NEI21266; Acute Risk Screening HQ was equal to 4 for formaldehyde, initial 

screening value was based upon an on-site receptor, a review of the plotted 

values with site imagery indicated the off-site HQ was equal to or less than 1. 

• NEI32147; Acute Risk Screening HQ equal to 3 for formaldehyde, initial 

screening value was based upon wrong lat/long coordinates for polar grid, a 

review of the plotted values with site imagery indicated the off-site HQ was less 

than or equal 1 . 

• NEI21689; Acute Risk Screening HQ equal to 2 for propyl cellosolve, initial 

screening value was based upon wrong lat/long coordinates for polar grid, a 

review of the plotted values with site imagery indicated the off-site HQ was less 

than or equal 1 . 

• NEI870; Acute Risk Screening HQ equal to 2 for propyl cellosolve, initial 

screening value was based upon wrong lat/long coordinates for polar grid, a 

review of the plotted values with site imagery indicated the off-site HQ was less 

than or equal 1 . 
Wood Furniture Manufacture 

(Refined Acute Risk Asses

• Figure 1 – NEI1863; maximum offsit

HQ(REL) for propyl cellosolve of 10; w

• Figure 2 – NEI31329 formaldehyde a

less than or equal to 7, south of the 

• Figure 3 – NEI11076; maximum offs

HQ(REL) for formaldehyde of 6 to the 

• Figure 4 – NEI8889; maximum offsit

HQ(REL) for formaldehyde of 6 to the 
Wood Furniture Manufacture 

(Refined Acute Risk Asses

• Figure 5 – NEICA0732693; maximum 

acute HQ(REL) for propyl cellosolve o

north of facility

• Figure 6 – NEICA0732848; maximum 

acute HQ(REL) for propyl cellosolve le

equal to 5, north of the facility

• Figure 7– NEI34094; maximum offsi

HQ(REL) for formaldehyde of 2 to 4; n

• Figure 8 – NEI21266; maximum offs

HQ(REL) for propyl cellosolve of 3 to tfacility
Wood Furniture Manufacture 

(Refined Acute Risk Asses

• Figure 9 – NEI54347; maximum offsite acute 

cellosolve less than or equal to 3, south of th

• Figure 10– NEI11081; maximum offsite acute 

propyl cellosolve of 3 to the north of the facil

• Figure 11– NEICA0732631; maximum offsite 

for propyl cellosolve of 3; northeast of facility

• Figure 12– NEIIN0370005; maximum offsite 

for formaldehyde of 2 to the east of facility

• Figure 13 – NEIAL0270004; maximum offsite 

for formaldehyde of 2 to the east of facility
Wood Furniture Manufacture 

(Refined Acute Risk Asses

• Figure 14 – NEI12341; maximum offsi

propyl cellosolve acute less than or eqsouth of the facility

• Figure 15– NEI46017; maximum offsit

HQ(REL) for formaldehyde of 2 to the w

facility

• Figure 16– NEIAL1210030; maximum 

HQ(REL) for formaldehyde of 2; north of 

• Figure 17 – NEI11131; maximum offsi

HQ(REL) for formaldehyde of 2 to the so

• Figure 18 – NEIIN0530003; maximum 

HQ(REL) for toluene of 2 to the south of 
Wood Furniture Manufacture 

(Refined Acute Risk Asses

• Figure 19 – NEI21375; maximum offsi

HQ(REL) propyl cellosolve less than or e

south of the facility

• Figure 20 – MIR site, NEI8557; maxim

acute HQ(REL) for formaldehyde of 1 to 

the facility

• Figure 21– NEI47004; maximum offsit

HQ(REL) for formaldehyde of 2 to the no

• Figure 22 – NEI21266; maximum offsi

HQ(REL) for formaldehyde of 1 to the so
Wood Furniture Manufacture 

(Refined Acute Risk Asses

• Figure 23 – NEI21689; maximum 

HQ(REL) propyl cellosolve less than 

• Figure 24 – NEI870; maximum off

propyl cellosolve less than equal t

• Figure 25 – NEI32147; maximum 

HQ(REL) formaldehyde less than eq
Figure 1 – NEI1863 Acute Propyl Cellosolve HQ 
Figure 2 – NEI31329 Acute Formaldehyde H
Figure 3 – NEI11076 Acute Formaldehyde HQ (R
Figure 4 – NEI8889 Acute Formaldehyde HQ (R
Figure 5– NEICA0732693 Acute Propyl Celloso
Figure 6 – NEICA0732848 Acute Propyl Cellos
Figure 7 – NEI34094 Acute Formaldehyde HQ 

Note: Screen modeling done with wrong lat/long; 260m adj(red) shows new HQ of 2 (North of facility) utilizing screen m
Figure 8 – NEI21266 Acute Propyl Cellosolve H
Figure 9 – NEI54347 Acute Propyl Cellosolve H

Note: Screen modeling done with wrong lat/long; 160m adj(red) shows new HQ of 2 to 3 (Southwest of facility) utilizing 
Figure 10 – NEI11081 Acute Propyl Cellosolve 
Figure 11 – NEICA0732631 Acute Propyl Cello
Figure 12 – NEIIN0370005 Acute Formaldehyd

Note: Screen modeling done with wrong lat/long; 160m adj(red) shows new HQ of 2 (North of facility) utilizing screen m
Figure 13 – NEIIAL0270004 Acute Formaldehy

Note: Screen modeling done with wrong lat/long; 160m adj(red) shows new HQ of 2 (North of facility) utilizing screen m
Figure 14 – NEI12341 Acute Propyl Cellosolve 

Note: Screen modeling done with wrong lat/long; 160m adj(red) shows new HQ of 2 (South of facility) utilizing screen 
Figure 15 – NEI46017 Acute Formaldehyde HQ 

Note: Screen modeling done with wrong lat/long; 100m adj(red) shows new HQ of 2 (West of facility) utilizing screen m
Figure 16 – NEIAL1210030 Acute Formaldehyd
Figure 17 – NEI11131 Acute Formaldehyde HQ 
Figure 18 – NEIIN0530003 Acute Toluene HQ (

Note: Screen modeling done with wrong lat/long; 100m adj(red) shows new HQ of 2 (South of facility) utilizing screen 
Figure 19 – NEI21375 Acute Propyl Cellosolve 

Note: Screen modeling done with wrong lat/long; 100m adj(white) shows HQ 

≤ 1 utilizing screen model run
Figure 20 – NEI8557 Acute Formaldehyde HQ 
Figure 20 – NEI8557 Acute Formaldehyde HQ 

Note: Screen modeling done with wrong lat/long; 680m adj(red) shows a HQ 

≤ 1 outside the ring utilizing screen mode
Figure 21 – NEI47004 Acute Formaldehyde HQ 
Figure 22 – NEI21266 Acute Formaldehyde HQ 
Figure 23 – NEI32147 Acute Formaldehyde HQ 

Note: Screen modeling done with wrong lat/long; 100m adj(red) shows HQ 

≤

1
Figure 24 – NEI21689 Acute Propyl Cellosolve 

Lat/long corrected to midpoint of plant with this adjusted po

(red circle) at 100m
Figure 25 – NEI870 Acute Propyl Cellosolve HQ 

Lat/long corrected to midpoint of plant with adjusted polar g(red circle) at 100m