Water-Quality and 

Lake-Stage Data

for Wisconsin Lakes,

Water Year 2006

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

Open-File Report 2007–1173

Prepared in cooperation with the

State of Wisconsin and local agencies
Water-Quality and Lake-Stage 

Data for Wisconsin Lakes,

Water Year 2006

Open-File Report 2007–1173

A report by the Wisconsin Water Science Center Lake-Studies Team–

W.J. Rose (team leader), H.S. Garn, G.L. Goddard, S.B. Marsh, D.L. Olson, and D.M. Robertson

U.S. Department of the Interior 

U.S. Geological Survey 

Prepared in cooperation with the 

State of Wisconsin and with other agencies 

Middleton, Wisconsin

2007
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 

DIRK KEMPTHORNE, Secretary 

U.S. Geological Survey 

Mark D. Myers, Director 

For additional information write to: Copies of this report can be purchased from: 

Center Director U.S. Geological Survey 

U.S. Geological Survey Earth Science Information Center 

8505 Research Way Open-File Reports Section 

Middleton, WI 53562 Box 25286, MS 517 

 Denver Federal Center 

 Denver, CO 80225 

iii 
CONTENTS 

Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................ 1 

Methods of data collection ......................................................................................................................................... 4 

Explanation of physical and chemical characteristics of lakes ................................................................................ 12 

Water temperature and thermal stratification.............................................................................................. 12 

Specific conductance .................................................................................................................................. 13 

Water clarity ................................................................................................................................................ 13 

pH .............................................................................................................................................................. 13 

Dissolved oxygen........................................................................................................................................ 14 

Phosphorus ................................................................................................................................................. 15 

Nitrogen....................................................................................................................................................... 16 

Chlorophyll a ............................................................................................................................................... 16 

Classification of lakes............................................................................................................................................... 17 

References cited ...................................................................................................................................................... 19 

Lake data.................................................................................................................................................................. 21 

Big Cedar 

 North Site, near West Bend, 432409088151600.................................................................................. 22 

 South Site, near West Bend, 432224088154900................................................................................. 25

Delavan 

 near Delavan, 423706088363400 ........................................................................................................ 30 

 at Center near Delavan Lake, 423556088365001 ............................................................................... 33 

 at North End near Lake Lawn, 423659088354401............................................................................... 41 

 at SW End near Delavan Lake, 423526088380101............................................................................. 41 

Devils near Baraboo, 05404500 ................................................................................................................. 42 

Geneva 

 at Lake Geneva, 423525088260400.................................................................................................... 44 

 West End, near Williams Bay, 423329088323300............................................................................... 46 

Green 

 at County Trunk Highway A near Green Lake (East End), 434928088553601 ................................... 54 

 Deep Hole, 434756089020500............................................................................................................. 55 

 East End, 434928088570000............................................................................................................... 61 

Kawaguesaga near Minocqua, 455208089435800 .................................................................................... 65 

Kegonsa, 425715089164700...................................................................................................................... 69 

Koshkonong near Newville, 05427235 ....................................................................................................... 70 

Little Cedar 

 North Site, near West Bend, 432255088134700.................................................................................. 71 

 South Site, near West Bend, 432249088134500................................................................................. 74

Mendota at Madison, 05428000 ................................................................................................................. 78 

Middle Genesee 

 at Genesee Lake Road, near Oconomowoc, 430251088284700........................................................ 79 

 near Oconomowoc, 430309088284800 ............................................................................................... 80 

Minocqua 

 Deep Hole, at Minocqua....................................................................................................................... 85 

 North Bay, at Minocqua........................................................................................................................ 89 

Monona at Madison, 05429000 .................................................................................................................. 91 

Muskego (Big Muskego) near Wind Lake, 425109088075000................................................................... 93 

Oconomowoc 

 No. 1 (Center) at Oconomowoc, 430551088273500 ........................................................................... 95 

 No. 2 (off Hewitt Point) at Oconomowoc, 430609088262200............................................................ 100 

Okauchee 

 at Okauchee, 430723088252100 ....................................................................................................... 103 

 No. 1, near Okauchee, 430759088244200 ........................................................................................ 108 

 No. 2, at Okauchee, 430645088264500 ............................................................................................ 110 

 No. 3, at Okauchee, 430642088252400 ............................................................................................ 112 

iv 
 No. 4, at Okauchee, 430757088261700 ............................................................................................ 114 

Pine at Chenequa, 430707088230500 ..................................................................................................... 116 

Potter near Mukwonago, 424905088204000............................................................................................ 121 

Powers at Powers Lake, 423246088175800 ............................................................................................ 127 

Puckaway 

 West Basin, near Marquette, 434515089124000............................................................................... 131 

 East Basin, near Marquette, 434542089073000................................................................................ 134

 River Site, near Marquette, 434824089083200 ................................................................................. 137 

Silver 

 near Cumberland, 453420091551600................................................................................................ 140 

 Deep Hole, near Cumberland, 453502091551700............................................................................. 142 

 At Beach, 453424091551600............................................................................................................. 147 

 NE Bay, 453535091550800 ............................................................................................................... 148 

 Southeast wetland, 453441091545300.............................................................................................. 149 

Waubesa, 05429485................................................................................................................................. 150 

Whitefish 

 near Gordon, 461231091524900 ....................................................................................................... 151 

 North Basin, 461321091520900......................................................................................................... 153 

 South Basin (Deep Hole), 461212091523200.................................................................................... 156 

Wind, at Outlet at Wind Lake, 424848088083100.................................................................................... 161 

 at Wind Lake, 424915088083900 ...................................................................................................... 163 

Winnebago 

 at Oshkosh, 04082500 ....................................................................................................................... 168 

 near Stockbridge, 04084255 .............................................................................................................. 170 

Wisconsin Water Science Center publications pertaining to lakes........................................................................ 171 

Appendix - Quality-Assurance/Quality-Control Plan .............................................................................................. 181 

FIGURE

Figure 1. Map showing location of lake water-quality and lake-stage stations in Wisconsin .................................. 2

TABLES

 Table 1. Discontinued lake stations ....................................................................................................................... 5

 2. Parameter identification numbers and laboratory reporting levels (LRL) for chemical

 parameters commonly measured in lakes, and analyzed at the National Water-Quality 

 Laboratory (NWQL) or the Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene (WSLH)........................................ 11

v 
CONVERSION FACTORS, VERTICAL DATUM, AND ABBREVIATED WATER-QUALITY UNITS 

Multiply By To Obtain 

mile (mi) 1.609 kilometer

pound (lb) 453.6 gram

acre 0.4048 hectare

foot (ft) 0.3048 meter

meter (m) 3.281 foot 

gallon (gal) 3.785 liter

square mile (mi2

) 2.590 square kilometer

Temperature, in degrees Celsius (°C) can be converted to degrees Fahrenheit (°F) by use of the following 

equation

°F = 1.8(°C) + 32

Sea level: In this report “sea level” refers to the National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD of 

1929)–a geodetic datum derived from a general adjustment of the first-order level nets of both the United 

States and Canada, formerly called Sea Level Datum of 1929. 

Abbreviated water-quality units: Chemical concentrations and water temperature are given in metric 

units. Chemical concentration is given in milligrams per liter (mg/L) or micrograms per liter (mg/L). 

Milligrams per liter is a unit expressing the concentration of chemical constituents in solution as weight 

(milligrams) of solute per unit volume (liter) of water. One thousand micrograms per liter is equivalent to 

one milligram per liter. For water with dissolved-solids concentrations less than 7,000 mg/L, the numerical 

values for concentrations expressed as mg/L and mg/L are the same as for concentrations in parts per 

million and parts per billion, respectively. 

Specific conductance of water is expressed in microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius 

(mS/cm). This unit is equivalent to micromhos per centimeter (mmho/cm) at 25 degrees Celsius, formerly 

used by the U.S. Geological Survey. 

vi 
WATER-QUALITY AND LAKE-STAGE DATA 

FOR WISCONSIN LAKES, WATER YEAR 2006 

By Wisconsin Water Science Center 

Lake-Studies Team 

INTRODUCTION 

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with local and other agencies, 

collects data at selected lakes throughout Wisconsin. These data, accumulated over many 

years, provide a data base for developing an improved understanding of the water quality of 

lakes. To make these data available to interested parties outside the USGS, the data are 

published annually in this report series. The locations of water-quality and lake-stage stations in 

Wisconsin for water year 2006 are shown in figure 1. A water year is the 12-month period from 

October 1 through September 30. It is designated by the calendar year in which it ends. Thus, 

the period October 1, 2005 through September 30, 2006 is called “water year 2006.” 

The purpose of this report is to provide information about the chemical and physical 

characteristics of Wisconsin lakes. Data that have been collected at specific lakes, and 

information to aid in the interpretation of those data, are included in this report. Data collected 

include measurements of in-lake water quality and lake stage. Time series of Secchi depths, 

surface total phosphorus and chlorophyll a concentrations collected during non-frozen periods 

are included for all lakes. Graphs of vertical profiles of temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, and 

specific conductance are included for sites where these parameters were measured. Descriptive 

information for each lake includes: location of the lake, area of the lake’s watershed, period for 

which data are available, revisions to previously published records, and pertinent remarks. 

Additional data, such as streamflow and water quality in tributary and outlet streams of some of 

the lakes, are published in another volume: “Water Resources Data-Wisconsin, 2006." 

Water-resources data, including stage and discharge data at most streamflow-gaging 

stations, are available through the World Wide Web on the Internet. The Wisconsin Water 

Science Center’s home page is at http://wi.water.usgs.gov/. Information on the Wisconsin 

Water Science Center’s Lakes Program is found at wi.water.usgs.gov/lake/index.html and 

wi.water.usgs.gov/projects/index.html.

1 
WINNE - CALUMET

BAGO

JUNEAU

ADAMS

WAUSHAR A

MONROE LA CROSSE GREEN

LAKE

MARQUETTE

FOND DU LAC SHEBOYGAN

VERNON

COLUMBI A

SAUK

DODGE

OZAUKEE

WASHIN G

-TON

RICHLAND

CRAWFORD

DANE

GRANT

MILWAUKEE

IOWA

WAUKESHA JEFFERSON

RACINE

GREEN LAFAYETT E ROCK WALWORTH

KENOSH A

BROWN

DOUGLA S

VILAS

BURNETT

WASHBURN

SAWYER

FOREST

FLORENC E

PRICE ONEIDA

MARINETT E

POLK

BARRON RUSK

LINCOLN

LANGLAD E

OCON TO

TAYLO R

DOOR

CHIPPE WA ST. CROI X

DUNN

MENOMINEE

MAR ATHO N

CLARK

SHAWANO PIERCE EAUCLAIRE

KEWAUNEE

PEPIN

PO RTAGE WAUPACA BUFFALO WOOD

TREMPEA

-LEAU

JACKSON

OUTAGAMIE

MANITOWOC

BAYFIEL D

ASHLAND

IRON

LittleCedar

Delavan

Green

Minocqua,

Kawaguesaga

Puckaway

Wind

Potter

Middle Genesee

Pine

Oconomowoc

Okauchee

EXPLANATION

Lake name

Lake-stage station

Lake water-quality

and stage station

Note: at some lakes more than one

site may be monitored.

Green

Geneva

Winnebago

Silver

Whitefish

Devils

Fish

Mendota

Monona

Koshkonong

0

0 20 40 60 KILOMETERS

20 40 60 MILES

44°

45°

43°

46°

92°

91°

90°

89°

88°

87°

Big Muskego

Powers

Figure 1. Location of lake water-quality and lake-stage stations in Wisconsin.

Big Cedar

2 
The USGS has done cooperative lake monitoring with local and other agencies since 

1983. Cooperators in 2006 included: 

Barron County Soil and Water Conservation Department 

Big Cedar Lake Protection and Rehabilitation District 

City of Chenequa 

City of Delafield 

City of Muskego 

Dane County 

Delavan Lake Sanitary District 

Geneva Lake Environmental Agency 

Green Lake Sanitary District 

Lake Puckaway Protection and Rehabilitation District 

Lauderdale Lakes Lake District 

Little Cedar Lake Protection and Rehabilitation District 

Middle Genesee Lake District 

Okauchee Lake Management District 

Potters Lake Protection and Rehabilitation District 

Powers Lake District 

Rock County Public Works Department 

Town of Minocqua (Minocqua/Kawaguesaga Lake Protection Association) 

Town of Wascott (Whitefish Lake Conservation Organization) 

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers 

Village of Oconomowoc Lake 

Wind Lake Management District 

Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources 

3 
Lake data-collection sites are identified by a unique identification number. Lake waterquality sites are identified by a 15-digit number that is a concatenation of the site’s latitude, 

longitude, and a two-digit sequence number. The sequence number is used to distinguish 

between sites located at the same latitude-longitude designation. The site identification number 

is permanently assigned to the site; actual latitude and longitude of the site are subject to 

update and are stored separately. For some lakes, which have historical records of lake stage, 

an eight-to-ten digit number is assigned according to downstream order. Gaps are left in the 

numerical series to allow for new stations; hence, the numbers are not consecutive. The first 

two digits of the complete eight-to-ten digit number, such as 04087000 or 054310157, designate 

the major river basin. For example, “04” designates the St. Lawrence River Basin and “05” 

designates the Upper Mississippi River Basin. 

The water-quality lake stations that were discontinued prior to water year 2006 are listed 

in table 1. Discontinued lake-stage stations are not included in this table. 

This report is the culmination of a concerted effort by a number of people who collected, 

compiled, analyzed, verified, and organized the data, and who typed, edited, and assembled the 

report. The authors had primary responsibility for assuring that the information contained herein 

is accurate, complete, and adheres to USGS policy and established guidelines. Technicians in 

charge of the field offices are: T.J. Popowski (Rice Lake and Merrill), and S.A. March 

(Middleton). The data were collected and processed by C.J. Bloom, G.L. Goddard, D.E. 

Housner, S.B. Marsh, B.W. Olson, D.L. Olson, P.C. Reneau, J.G. Schuler, and B.J. Siebers. 

S.B. Marsh assembled, edited, and formatted the report. Additional assistance in preparation of 

the report was provided by J.L. Bruce, M.M. Greenwood, and D.L. Olson. 

METHODS OF DATA COLLECTION 

Depth profiles of water temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, and specific conductance 

were collected using multi-parameter meters. Prior to measurements, the meters were 

calibrated using standards for pH and conductance, and dissolved oxygen was calibrated using 

the air calibration method. Generally, field measurements in profiles were made at 0.5-m 

intervals if the maximum depth of the lake was 5 m or less and at 1.0-m intervals if the 

maximum depth was greater than 5 m. 

4 
Table 1. Discontinued lake stations 

Station name Site identification number Period of record 

Alma Lake near St. Germain 455426089254700 Oct. 1984–Sept. 1990, 

May 1992–Sept.1996 

Balsam Lake, off Cedar Island, at Balsam Lake 452755092264600 Feb. 1991–Aug. 1994 

 off Little Narrows, near Balsam Lake 452858092265300 May 1991–Aug. 1994 

 off Rock Island, near Balsam Lake 452754092234300 May 1991–Aug. 1994 

Balsam Lake near Birchwood 453907091345800 Mar. 1993–Aug. 1994, 

Mar. 1996–Aug. 1997, 

Mar.–Sept. 2001 

Bass Lake near Shawano 445215088300300 Feb. 1990–Aug. 1992 

Bear Lake at Deep Hole near Haugen 

 

453754091490900 Mar. 1992–Aug. 1993 

Beaver Dam Lake, South end, at Beaver Dam

 

432814088515000 June–Oct. 1991 

 North end, near Beaver Dam 433122088545700 June–Oct. 1991 

Benedict Lake near Powers Lake 423201088180800 May 1998–Aug. 2000 

Big Blacksmith Lake near Keshena 445401088334500 Feb. 1990–Aug. 1992 

Big Hills (Hills) Lake near Wild Rose 

 

440912089092000 June 1983–Aug. 1984, 

Feb.–Aug. 1987, 

Feb.–Aug. 1990, 

Feb.–Aug. 1993, 

Feb.–Aug. 1996, 

Feb.–Aug. 1999 

Big Muskego Lake, at North Site, near Muskego

 

425301088061300 Feb.–Aug. 1988 

 Research Base, near Muskego 

 

425235088075300 May–June 1994 

Big Round Lake near Milltown 453142092180100 Feb.–Sept. 2001 

Big St. Germain Lake, near St. Germain 

 

455557089311000 Feb. 1992–Aug. 1996 

 near Lake Tomahawk 05390750 1991–2001 

Big Sand Lake, Deep Hole, near Hertel 

 

454910092134000 Feb.–Sept. 2001 

 East Site, near Hertel 454921092124300 Feb.–Sept. 2001 

Big Sissabagama Lake, near Stone Lake 454724091303600 Apr. 1986–Sept. 1996, 

Oct. 1997–Sept. 2002 

 North Site, near Stone Lake 454800091312900 Mar. 1998–Sept. 2001 

Booth Lake near East Troy 424800088254800 Feb. 1992–Aug. 1994, 

Feb. 2001–Aug. 2003 

Buffalo Lake, Center Site, at Packwaukee 

 

434558089260600 May 1998–Sept. 2001 

 East End, at Montello 434720089201600 May 1998–Sept. 2001 

 West End, near Endeavor 434414089282400 May 1998–Sept. 2001 

5 
Table 1. Discontinued lake stations--continued 

Station name Site identification number Period of record 

Butternut Lake, near Park Falls 455854090310300 Oct. 2002–Oct. 2004 

 Deep Hole, near Park Falls 455803090310800 Mar. 2003–Sept. 2004 

 North Site, near Butternut 455904090303400 Mar. 2003–Sept. 2004 

 Far South Site, near Park Falls 455651090312700 Mar. 2003–Sept. 2004 

Denoon Lake at Wind Lake 425044088100300 Feb. 1991–Aug. 1996 

Druid Lake near Hartford 431643088243300 Feb. 1991–Sept. 1996 

Eagle Lake near Kansasville 05544500 1936–64, 1975–77, 

1979, 

Feb. 1993–Sept. 1996 

Eagle Lake, at Deep Hole, near Kansasville 

 

424207088072400 Feb. 1993–Aug. 1996 

Eagle Spring Lake at Eagleville 425103088261500 Apr. 1991–Sept. 2001 

Elizabeth Lake near Twin Lakes 423051088155300 Feb. 1995–Sept. 1997 

Fish Lake near Sauk City 05406050 Nov. 1966–Sept. 1981, 

Apr. 1985–May 1987, 

May 1988, Apr. 1989–

Oct. 1990, Oct. 1990–

Nov. 1996, Nov. 1996–

Sept. 2004 

Forest Lake near Dundee 433632088100200 Mar. 1994–Aug. 1996, 

May–Aug. 2004, Feb. –

Aug. 2005 

Fowler Lake, Center, at Oconomowoc 

 

430653088294601 Jan.–Dec. 1984, 

Oct. 1986–Sept. 1996

Fox Lake Deep Hole at Fox Lake 433458088560600 June 1991–Mar. 1993

Geneva Lake, Geneva Bay, at Lake Geneva 

 

423455088263800 Apr. 1997–Feb. 1999

 Williams Bay, at Williams Bay 423420088320500 Apr. 1997–Feb. 1999

 Center, near Lake Geneva 423402088301400 Apr. 1997–Mar. 1999

 East End, near Lake Geneva 423421088272300 Apr. 1997–May 2000

Hemlock Lake near Mikana 453421091333700 Mar. 1993–Aug. 1994, 

Mar. 1996–Aug. 1997, 

Mar.–Sept. 2001

Hooker Lake at Salem 423335088060300 Feb. 1992–Aug. 1993

Kawaguesaga, South Site, near Minocqua 

 

455145089442600 May–Sept. 2003

Kirby Lake near Cumberland 453554092042101 Nov. 1995–Oct. 1996

 (Site 1) near Cumberland 453608092035801 Nov. 1995–Nov. 1996

 (Site 2) near Cumberland 453601092035301 Nov. 1995–Nov. 1996

6 
Table 1. Discontinued lake stations--continued 

Station name Site identification number Period of record 

 (Site 3) near Cumberland 453612092034901 Nov. 1995–Nov. 1996

 (Site 4) near Cumberland 453603092035701 Nov. 1995–Nov. 1996

 (Site 5) near Cumberland 453608092041201 Nov. 1995–Nov. 1996

 (Site 6) near Cumberland 453555092040901 Nov. 1995–Nov. 1996

Lac La Belle at Oconomowoc 430733088305900 Feb. 1984–Aug. 1985, 

Apr. –Aug. 1991, 

Feb. 2001–Aug. 2003

 NW, at Oconomowoc 430809088313900 Feb. 1984–Aug. 1985

 SE, at Oconomowoc 430707088301400 Feb. 1984–Aug. 1985

Lake Blass at Lake Delton 433545089482400 Mar. 1989–Aug. 1990

Lake Desair near Rice Lake 453446091465100 Aug. 2004

Lake Keesus, East Bay, near Merton 

 

430957088183400 Apr. 1991–Aug. 1995

North Bay, near Merton 431006088191000 Apr. 1991–Aug. 1995

Lake Morris at Mount Morris 440654089120500 Jun. 1983–Sept. 1989

Lake Nebagamon, Northeast Bay, at Lake 

Nebagamon 

463050091412300 May 1992–Aug. 1995

 Southeast Bay, at Lake Nebagamon 462928091413500 Mar. 1992–Sept. 1995

 West Bay, at Lake Nebagamon 463034091425300 May 1992–Aug. 1995

Lake Noquebay near Crivitz 451511087550900 Feb. 1987–Aug. 1988, 

Apr. 1991–Aug. 1994

 East End, near Crivitz 451540087525700 Apr. 1991–Aug. 1994

Lamotte Lake near Shawano 445305088361200 Feb. 1990–Aug. 1992

Lauderdale Lakes at Lauderdale 424554088332700 Oct. 1993–Oct. 1994

Green, Auxiliary, Number 1, near Lauderdale 424640088341900 June 1999–Sept. 2000

Green, near Lauderdale 424652088341500 Nov. 1993–Nov. 1994, 

Aug. 2002 

Middle Lake at Lauderdale 424621088335500 Nov. 1993–Nov. 1994, 

Feb. 1999–Sept. 2005 

Mill, at Lauderdale 424555088335700 Nov. 1993–Nov. 1994, 

Aug. 2002

Legend Lake (site 1) near Shawano 445342088312700 Feb. 1990–Feb. 1992

Little Arbor Vitae near Woodruff 455446089370300 Feb. 1991–Sept. 2002

Little Green Lake, at Center, near Markesan 

 

434412088590700 Feb. 1991–Aug. 2003

Little Muskego Lake at Muskego 425425088083500 Oct. 1986–Aug. 2002

Little Rock Lake near Woodruff 455946089415702 Oct. 1983–Sept. 1996

Little St. Germain Lake, near Eagle River 05390700 (a)

 Upper East Bay, at St. Germain 

 

455532089253900 Dec. 1996–Mar. 97, 

Mar. 1999, 

Mar. 2000–Aug. 2003

7 
Table 1. Discontinued lake stations--continued 

Station name Site identification number Period of record 

 Northeast Bay, near St. Germain 455545089262500 Apr. 1991–Aug. 1994, 

Aug. 1996–Aug. 1997, 

Mar. 1999–Aug. 2003

 South Bay, near St. Germain 455437089270800 Apr. 1991–Aug. 1994, 

Aug. 1996–Aug. 1997, 

Mar. 1999–Aug. 2003

 West Bay, at St. Germain 455428089282400 Apr. 1991–Aug. 1994, 

Aug. 1996–Aug. 1997, 

Mar. 1999–Aug. 2003

Little Sand Lake - Site No. 2 - near Mole Lake

 

452826088544101 May1996–Sept. 2003

Long (Kee Nong Go-Mong) Lake at Wind Lake

 

424937088103400 Feb. 1988–Aug. 1989, 

Feb. 1991–Aug. 1996

Loon Lake near Shawano 445009088303700 Feb. 1991–Aug. 1993

Lost Lake near Beaver Dam 432640088580500 June–Oct. 1991

McKenzie Lakes 

 McKenzie (Big McKenzie) 

 Deep Hole, near Spooner 455507092013500 Feb. 1987–Aug. 1998 

 Northern Site, near Spooner 455540092022000 June 1997–Aug. 1998 

 South Site, near Spooner 455437092022300 June 1997–Aug. 1998 

 Lower McKenzie, near Webb Lake 

 

455902092011900 June 1997–Aug. 1998 

 Middle McKenzie, near Spooner 455635092021800 June 1997–Aug. 1998 

Mary (Marie) Lake at Twin Lakes 423128088151200 Feb. 1995–Aug. 1997 

Max Lake near Woodruff 460128089423501 Mar. 1988–Dec. 1996 

Mead Lake, East Bay near Willard 444720090445000 Apr. 1991–Aug. 1995 

 West Bay near Willard 444733090460100 Feb. 1991–Sept. 1995 

Minocqua, South Bay, at Minocqua 455206089425200 May–Sept. 2003 

Montello Lake at Montello 434748089195800 Feb. 1995–Aug. 1998 

Moon Lake near St. Germain 455504089260500 Feb. 1992–Aug. 1996 

Morgan Lake near Fence 454622088324801 Oct. 1987–Sept. 1998. 

Moshawquit Lake near Shawano 445352088295800 Feb. 1990–Aug. 1992 

Muskego (Big Muskego) 

 Auxiliary Number 1, near Muskego 

 

425329088054000 June 1996–Aug. 2000 

 Bass Bay, near Muskego 425344008807010 Feb. 1988–Aug. 2002 

8 
Table 1. Discontinued lake stations--continued 

Station name Site identification number Period of record 

 near Wind Lake 425109088075000 Oct. 1987–Sept. 1989, 

Jan. 1991–Sept. 2002 

 South Site, near Muskego 425212088072800 Feb. 1988–Aug. 2002 

Muskellunge Lake near Eagle River 455700089224900 June 2000–Aug. 2001 

Muskellunge Lake, near Lake Outlet near Eagle 

River 

455706089232400 Nov. 2000–Oct. 2001 

Nagawicka Lake, at Deep Hole, at Delafield 

 

430417088230300 Feb. 2003–Sept. 2004 

Namekagon Lakes 

 Garden, near Cable 461224091033200 Mar. 1998–Aug. 1999 

 Jackson, near Cable 461457091065900 Mar. 1998–Aug. 1999 

 Namekagon 

 Deep Hole, near Cable 461308091065100 Mar. 1998–Aug. 1999 

 East Basin, near Cable 461228091044300 Mar. 1998–Aug. 1999 

 Northeast Basin, near Cable 461410091050700 Mar. 1998–Aug. 1999 

Park Lake (site 1) at Pardeeville 433239089175800 Feb. 1986–Aug. 1987, 

May–Nov. 1993 

 (site 2) at Pardeeville 433226089175500 May–Nov. 1993 

 (site 3) at Pardeeville 433245089173000 May–Nov. 1993 

 (site 4) at Pardeeville 433257089165100 May–Nov. 1993 

Pike Lake near Hartford 431916088200501 Dec. 1998–Dec. 2000 

Pike Lake-QW Site-near Hartford 431835088200600 Feb.–Aug. 2000 

Pretty Lake, at Deep Hole, near Dousman 

 

425722088295000 Feb. 1993–Aug. 1997 

Red Cedar Lake, at Mikana 453522091360600 Mar. 1993–Aug. 1994, 

Mar. 1996–Aug. 1997, 

Oct. 2000–Sept. 2001 

 Deep Hole, near Mikana 453725091345100 Mar. 1993–Aug. 1994, 

Mar. 1996–Aug. 1997, 

Mar. –Sept. 2001 

 South End, at Mikana 453519091352500 Mar. 1993–Aug. 1994, 

Mar. 1996–Aug. 1997, 

Mar. –Sept. 2001 

Rice Lake at Deep Hole near Whitewater 

 

424629088415700 Apr.–Nov. 1991 

Round Lake near Shawano 445328088335000 Feb. 1990–Aug. 1992 

Sand Lake (Deep Hole) near Keshena 

 

445321088323101 June–Aug. 1992 

Shell Lake at Shell Lake 05334000 Aug. 1936–Sept. 1999 

Silver Lake near Oconomowoc 430436088293300 Apr. 1992–Aug. 1996 

Silver Lake near West Bend 432322088125000 Feb. 1996–Aug. 1997 

Sinissippi Lake, off Anthony Is., at Hustisford 

 

432113088361100 Feb. 1991–Aug. 1993 

9 
Table 1. Discontinued lake stations--continued 

Station name Site identification number Period of record 

 off Butternut Is., near Hustisford 

 

432240088363900 Apr. 1991–Aug. 1993 

 off Sam Point, near Hustisford 

 

432300088374200 Apr. 1991–Aug. 1993 

Spirit Lake near Keshena 445400088320100 Apr.–Aug. 1992 

Spooner Lake, Deep Hole, near Spooner 

 

455034091493300 June 2002–Aug. 2004 

 Southeast Site, near Spooner 454945091483900 June 2002–Aug. 2004 

Stewart Lake at Mt. Horeb 430117089442701 May 1992–Sept. 1993 

Tichigan Lake near Waterford 424854088123300 Mar. 1994–Aug. 1996, 

Apr. 2003–Aug. 2004 

Tombeau Lake near Powers Lake 423153088184800 May 1998–Aug. 2000 

Twin Lake, East Twin, near Westfield 435430089350700 June 2002–Aug. 2004 

Upper Nemahbin, Center, near Delafield 430400088254900 June 1993–Oct. 1995, 

Feb. –Sept. 2005 

West Twin, near Westfield 435438089352300 June 2002–Aug. 2004 

(a) Wisconsin Valley Improvement Co. currently collects stage data for this site. 

 

In most lakes, water samples were collected at two depths - near the surface and near 

the bottom. Chemical analyses of water samples were performed using standard analytical 

methods by either the USGS National Water Quality Laboratory (Wershaw and others, 1987; 

Fishman and Friedman, 1989; Fishman, 1993) or the Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene 

(Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, 1993). Analyses for dissolved constituents were 

performed on samples that were filtered in the field through a 0.45-mm (micrometer) pore-size 

filter. Total or total recoverable constituents were determined by analyzing unfiltered water 

samples. Preservation and shipment of samples followed standard protocols established by the 

laboratories. Water-quality data were archived in the Water Quality Data Base (QWDATA) of 

the National Water Information System (NWIS). Additional descriptive information about waterquality data is available in the data report: "Water Resources Data – Wisconsin, 2006". NWIS 

parameter codes and minimum laboratory reporting levels for chemical constituents are given in 

table 2.

Records of lake stage are considered complete when one or more manual or automatic 

measurements were obtained per day. Partial records of lake stage result when measurements 

were less frequent than daily. A complete description of manual or automatic measurements of 

lake stage is described by Rantz and others (1982). 

10 
Table 2. Parameter identification numbers and laboratory reporting levels (LRL) for chemical parameters commonly 

measured in lakes, and analyzed at the National Water Quality Laboratory (NWQL) or the Wisconsin State Laboratory 

of Hygiene (WSLH) 

(NWQL) (WSLH) 

Standard 

Analysis 

Low-Level 

Analysis 

Parameter Name Units 

CAS 

Number1

 

Parameter 

Code2 LRL 

Lab 

Code 

LRL 

Lab 

Code 

LRL 

Test 

Code 

Calcium, diss. (Ca) mg/L 7440-70-2 00915 0.020 659 0.002 1895 0.02 I230IUD 

Magnesium, diss. (Mg) mg/L 7439-95-4 00925 0.004 663 0.001 1897 0.02 I390IUD 

Sodium, diss. (Na) mg/L 7440-23-5 00930 0.09 675 0.025 1898 0.09 I80IUD 

Potassium, diss. (K) mg/L 7440-09-7 00935 0.24 54 0.01 833 0.3 I540IUD 

Sulfate, diss. (SO4) mg/L 14808-79-8 00945 0.31 1572 0.01 1263 1.0 I600DLD 

Chloride, diss. (Cl) mg/L 16887-00-6 00940 0.29 1571 0.01 1259 0.1 I240ELD 

Fluoride, diss. (F) mg/L 16984-48-8 00950 0.100 31 0.01 1260 0.03 I330FLD 

Iron, diss. (Fe) (μg/L) 7439-89-6 01046 10 645 3 1896 10 I370IUD 

Manganese, diss. (Mn) (μg/L) 7439-96-5 01056 2.2 648 1 1793 0.4 I400IUD 

Silica, diss. (SiO2) mg/L 7631-86-9 00955 0.1 56 0.02 1899 0.008 I560LLD 

Nitrogen, NO2+NO3, 

diss. mg/L -- 00631 0.05 1975 0.005 1979 0.01 I460MLD 

Nitrogen, ammonia, 

diss. mg/L 7664-41-7 00608 0.02 1976 0.002 1980 0.013 I440NLD 

Nitrogen, amm.+org., 

total4 mg/L 17778-88-0 00625 0.100 1985 -- -- 0.2 I470BLT 

Nitrogen, 

amm.+org.,diss. mg/L -- 00623 -- -- -- -- -- I470DLD 

Nitrogen, total5 mg/L -- 00600 -- -- -- -- -- -- 

Nitrogen, dissolved mg/L -- 00602 -- -- -- -- -- -- 

Phosphorus, total mg/L 7723-14-0 00665 0.05 1984 0.004 2333 0.005 I520PLT 

Phosphorus, ortho, diss. mg/L 14265-44-2 00671 0.01 1262 0.002 1978 0.002 I530CLD 

Chlorophyll a, 

phytoplankton (μg/L) 479-61-8 70953 0.1 586 -- -- -- -- 

Chlorophyll a, 

phytoplankton (μg/L) 479-61-8 32210 -- -- -- -- 0.26 I250UNF 

 

1: CAS (Chemical Abstracting Services) number = unique identification for each constituent 

2: Parameter Code - unique number for storage of data in database 

3: Calculated as difference between total ammonia + organic nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen 

4: Also known as Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN) 

5: Calculated as sum of TKN + Nitrogen as (NO2+NO3) 

 

11 
EXPLANATION OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF LAKES 

Following are brief, generalized explanations of some of the common measurements of 

water quality and some of the physical processes occurring in lakes that influence these 

measures of water quality. More detailed explanations of water-quality data and lake processes 

are given by Wetzel (1983), Hem (1985), and Shaw and others (1993). 

Water Temperature and Thermal Stratification

Water temperature in lakes is important because of its role in stratification and because 

of the temperature dependence of many chemical reactions and life processes of aquatic 

organisms. The extent of thermal stratification in lakes depends on the interaction between the 

lake’s shape, water clarity, solar heating, and wind-driven mixing. Complete mixing of the lake is 

usually inhibited by thermal stratification in summer and by ice cover in winter. Thermal 

stratification affects water quality and the distribution of organisms in the lake. Summer thermal 

stratification can occur in any lake, but in Wisconsin it commonly occurs in lakes deeper than 

about 6 m (Shaw and others, 1993). 

 

 

The density of water increases with decreasing temperature down to a temperature of 

4°C, then decreases with decreasing temperature between 4°C and the freezing point of water 

(0°C). For a brief period in the spring after the ice is out, water temperature is usually uniform 

through the entire water column and wind action causes the lake to mix completely. This 

process is known as “spring turnover.” As the lake absorbs the sun’s energy, the surface water 

becomes warmer and its density decreases, making it more resistant to complete mixing. The 

difference in density caused by different water temperatures can prevent warm and cold water 

from mixing. In most lakes, therefore, a density “barrier” forms between the warmer surface 

water (epilimnion) and the underlying colder water (hypolimnion). This barrier is often marked by 

a sharp temperature gradient known as the “thermocline (metalimnion).” During the stratified 

summer period, these three distinct layers of lake water are often present. As the temperature 

difference between surface and deep water increases, this “stratified” condition stabilizes and 

can persist until surface temperatures decrease in the fall, which decreases the stability of the 

stratification. The mixing of the lake water in the fall is known as “fall turnover.” 

12 
Thermal stratification may also occur under ice cover in the winter. In the winter, the 

coldest water (near 0°C) under the ice at the surface of the lake is less dense than water deeper 

in the lake with warmer temperatures. 

Specific Conductance

Specific conductance is a measure of the ability of water to conduct an electrical current 

and is an indicator of the concentration of dissolved solids in the water. Because conductance is 

temperature related, reported values are normalized at 25°C and are termed specific 

conductance. As the concentration of dissolved minerals increases, specific conductance 

increases. During winter and summer thermal stratification, concentrations of dissolved 

constituents near the lake bottom increase due to the decomposition of materials settling from 

the epilimnion, or release of dissolved materials (such as iron, manganese, and phosphorus) 

from the bottom sediments during anoxic periods. Therefore, differences in specific 

conductance with depth indicate differences in concentrations of dissolved solids. 

Water Clarity

Water clarity, or transparency, is commonly measured using a Secchi disc. The range of 

depths within which photosynthetic activity occurs depends largely on depth of light penetration, 

which is influenced by water clarity. A Secchi disc, most commonly an 20-cm.-diameter disc with 

alternating black-and-white quadrants, is lowered to a depth at which it is no longer visible. This 

depth is referred to as the Secchi depth. Clarity can be reduced by algae, zooplankton, water 

color, and suspended sediment. Algae are often the most dominant influence on clarity in lakes 

and, therefore, Secchi depth is usually correlated with the algal abundance. Secchi depths are 

generally the least during summer when algal populations are largest. 

pH

The pH is a measure of the acidity of the water. It is defined as the negative logarithm of 

hydrogen-ion concentration and varies over a 14-unit log scale, with a pH of 7 being neutral. 

Values less than 7 indicate acidic conditions; the lower the value, the stronger the acidity. 

Values greater than 7 indicate alkaline conditions. The pH of water is influenced in part by 

photosynthesis and respiration of planktonic algae and aquatic plants. It is important because it 

affects the solubility of many chemical constituents, and because aquatic organisms have 

13 
limited pH tolerances. Planktonic algae and aquatic plants produce oxygen and consume 

carbon dioxide as they photosynthesize during daytime; they consume oxygen and produce 

carbon dioxide when they respire at night. Carbon dioxide combines with the water molecule to 

form carbonic acid; therefore respiration causes a decrease in pH at night and photosynthesis 

during the day causes an increase in pH. The result is a daily cycle in pH. Because 

phytoplankton are usually concentrated in the near-surface water, changes in pH in the 

epilimnion are more extreme than in the hypolimnion, where less photosynthesis usually occurs. 

Lakes having good fish populations and productivity generally have a pH between 6.7 

and 8.2. Values of pH greater than 8.5 have been shown to cause the release of phosphorus 

from lake sediments (James and Barko, 1991). 

Dissolved Oxygen

Dissolved oxygen is one of the most critical factors affecting a lake ecosystem because 

it is essential to most aquatic organisms, and it is involved in many chemical reactions. Very 

low dissolved oxygen concentrations can control some types of chemical reactions. The 

solubility of oxygen in water is inversely related to temperature–that is, oxygen solubility 

decreases as water temperature increases. This relation is important because at warmer 

temperatures the metabolic rate of organisms increases but less oxygen is available for 

respiration. The primary sources of dissolved oxygen are from the air and from photosynthesis. 

The minimum dissolved oxygen concentration specified in national water-quality criteria for early 

life stages of warmwater aquatic life is 5.0 mg/L (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1986). 

In early summer, if thermal stratification develops, the metalimnion restricts the surface 

supply of dissolved oxygen to the hypolimnion. The hypolimnion can become isolated from the 

atmosphere. Thus, as summer progresses, the dissolved oxygen concentration can decrease in 

response to decomposition of dead algae that settle from the epilimnion and in response to the 

biological and chemical oxygen demand of the sediments. The oxygen demand from these 

processes may completely deplete the oxygen (anoxia) in the water near the lake bottom. The 

oxygen depletion then progresses upward but usually is confined to the hypolimnion. 

Anoxia in the hypolimnion is common in stratified eutrophic (nutrient-rich) lakes in 

Wisconsin. Complete anoxia, however, is often not detected because of meter constraints. 

During anoxic conditions, many aquatic organisms cannot survive, but many other species 

14 
(primarily bacteria) actually function only in such conditions. Therefore, a shift from oxic to 

anoxic conditions produces a rapid and dramatic change in the biological community and 

chemical environment. Anoxia also can cause release of phosphorus from the bottom 

sediments. This phosphorus then mixes throughout the water column during spring and fall 

turnover. 

Phosphorus

Phosphorus is one of the essential nutrients for plant growth. High phosphorus 

concentrations can cause dense algal populations (blooms) and can therefore be a major cause 

of eutrophication in lakes. When phosphorus concentrations exceed 0.025 mg/L at the time of 

spring overturn in lakes and reservoirs, these water bodies may occasionally experience excess 

or nuisance growth of algae or other aquatic plants (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 

1986). In many regions of the country, including the upper Midwest, other nutrients, particularly 

nitrogen, tend to be in abundant supply. Phosphorus is often the nutrient in shortest supply, 

therefore limiting or controlling plant growth. About 90 percent of the lakes in Wisconsin are 

limited by phosphorus (Shaw and others, 1993). In water, dissolved orthophosphate is that part 

of total phosphorus that is most readily available for use by algae. 

Internal phosphorus recycling occurs in many lakes. Phosphorus used by algae, aquatic 

plants, fish, and zooplankton is stored within these organisms. As these organisms die and 

decompose, this phosphorus is returned to the lake water and sediments. Anoxia in the 

hypolimnion makes phosphorus more soluble, adding further to the release of phosphorus from 

the falling particles and the lake sediments. During spring and fall turnover the phosphorus, 

which was released from the bottom sediments into the hypolimnion during anoxia, is mixed 

throughout the lake. The phosphorus is then available for algal growth. These phenomena are 

part of the internal-recycling processes of lakes. 

15 
Nitrogen

Nitrogen, like phosphorus, is an essential nutrient for plant and algal growth. Usually in 

Wisconsin lakes, nitrogen is in abundant supply from the atmosphere and other sources. If 

phosphorus is abundant relative to algal needs, nitrogen can become the limiting nutrient. In 

that case, algal blooms are more likely to be triggered by increases in nitrogen than by 

increases in phosphorus. Some bluegreen algal species can fix nitrogen from the atmosphere 

(Wetzel, 1983). Therefore, in situations where other types of algae are excluded because of a 

shortage of nitrogen, the nitrogen-fixing bluegreen algae have a competitive advantage and may 

be present in abundance. 

Lakes with a nitrogen to phosphorus ratio larger than 15 to 1 near the surface may 

generally be considered phosphorus limited; a ratio from 10 to 1 to 15 to 1 indicates a transition 

situation; and a ratio smaller than 10 to 1 generally indicates nitrogen limitation. Total nitrogen is 

the sum of ammonia, organic nitrogen, and nitrate-plus-nitrite nitrogen. The near-surface 

concentration is commonly used to compute the total nitrogen to phosphorus ratio because 

most algal species grow near the lake surface. 

Chlorophyll a

Chlorophyll a is a photosynthetic pigment found in algae (Wetzel, 1983) and other green 

plants. Its concentration, therefore, is commonly used as a measure of the density of the algal 

population in a lake. Chlorophyll a concentrations are generally highest during summer when 

algal populations are highest. Moderate populations of desirable algae are important in the food 

chain; however, excessive populations or algal blooms are undesirable. Algal blooms can cause 

taste and odor problems, and limit light penetration needed to support growth of submerged 

aquatic plants. Certain species of bluegreen algae can produce toxins (Rapavich and others, 

1987). 

16 
CLASSIFICATION OF LAKES 

Two methods are commonly used to classify and evaluate Wisconsin lakes according to 

their water quality or trophic state: Lillie and Mason’s (1983) water-quality index and Carlson’s 

(1977) trophic state index (TSI). In previous USGS data reports, a modification of Carlson’s 

trophic state index for Wisconsin lakes by Lillie and others (1993) had been used; however, this 

approach did not properly classify oligotrophic and highly euthrophic lakes and, therefore, was 

discontinued. 

Lillie and Mason’s (1983) water quality indices for Wisconsin lakes were developed 

based on summer measurements of total phosphorus and chlorophyll a concentrations, and 

Secchi depth from a random set of lakes in Wisconsin. These data were used to classify the 

lakes’s water quality as shown below: 

Water-quality index Total phosphorus 

range (mg/L) 

Chlorophyll a range 

(μg/L) 

Water clarity range 

(Secchi depth, in 

meters) 

“Excellent” <0.001 <1.0 >6.0 

“Very good” .001-.009 1.0-4.9 3.0-6.0 

“Good” .010-.029 5.0-9.9 2.0-2.9 

“Fair” .030-.049 10.0-14.9 1.5-1.9 

“Poor” .050-.149 15.0-30.0 1.0-1.4 

“Very poor” >.150 >30.0 <1.0 

Carlson’s (1977) TSI approach to lake classification assigns numerical ranges to the 

three trophic conditions generally used to describe the wide range of lake water-quality 

conditions. Oligotrophic lakes are typically clear, algal populations and phosphorus 

concentrations are low, and the deepest water is likely to contain oxygen throughout the year. 

Mesotrophic lakes typically have a moderate supply of nutrients, experience moderate algal 

blooms, and have occasional oxygen depletions at depth. Eutrophic lakes are nutrient rich with 

relatively severe water-quality problems, such as frequent seasonal algal blooms, oxygen 

depletion in lower parts of the lakes, and poor clarity. When eutrophic conditions are very 

severe, the lake is considered hypereutrophic. 

17 
Carlson’s (1977) TSI values are also based on near-surface total phosphorus and 

chlorophyll a concentrations, and Secchi depths. The indices were developed to place these 

three characteristics on similar scales to allow comparison of different lakes. TSI values based 

on phosphorus concentrations (TSIP), Secchi depths (TSISD), and chlorophyll a concentrations 

(TSIC) typically are computed only for measurements collected during the open-water period. 

TSI values for a lake can be calculated using the following equations (Carlson, 1977): 

TSIP = 4.15 + 14.42 x (ln [total phosphorus concentration x 1,000]) 

TSISD = 60.0 – 14.41 x (ln Secchi depth) 

TSIC = 30.6 + 9.81 x (ln chlorophyll a concentration) 

where: total phosphorus is in milligrams per liter, 

Secchi depth is in meters, and 

 chlorophyll a is in micrograms per liter. 

The three main trophic conditions are defined with the following boundaries for total 

phosphorus, Secchi disc, and chlorophyll a: 

Trophic level Trophic State 

Index 

Total phosphorus 

(mg/L) Secchi depth (m) Chlorophyll a

(μg/L) 

Eutrophic 

----------------------- ---------50---------- -------0.024-------- ---------2.0--------- ---------7.2--------- 

Mesotrophic 

----------------------- ---------40---------- -------0.012-------- ---------4.0--------- ---------2.6--------- 

Oligotrophic 

18 
REFERENCES CITED 

Carlson, R.E., 1977, A trophic state index for lakes: Limnology and Oceanography, March, v. 

22, no. 2, p. 361-369. 

Fishman, M.J., ed., 1993, Methods of analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water 

Quality Laboratory–Determination of inorganic and organic constituents in water and 

 fluvial sediments: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-125, 217 p. 

Fishman, M.J., and Friedman, L.C., eds., 1989, Methods for determination of inorganic 

substances in water and fluvial sediments (3rd ed.): U.S. Geological Survey Techniques 

 of Water-Resources Investigations, book 5, chap. A1, 545 p. 

Hem, J.D., 1985, Study and interpretation of the chemical characteristics of natural water (3rd

ed.): U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2254, 263 p. 

James, W.F., and Barko, J.W., 1991, Littoral-pelagic phosphorus dynamics during nighttime 

convective circulation: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 36, no. 5, p. 946-960. 

Lillie, R.A., Graham, S., and Rasmussen, P., 1993, Trophic-State Index equations and regional 

predictive equations for Wisconsin lakes: Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources 

 Research Management Findings No. 35, 4 p. 

Lillie, R.A., and Mason, J.W., 1983, Limnological characteristics of Wisconsin lakes: Wisconsin 

Department of Natural Resources Technical Bulletin No. 138, 116 p. 

Rantz, S.E., and others, 1982, Measurement and computation of streamflow: U.S. Geological 

Survey Water-Supply Paper 2175, 631 p. 

Rapavich, W.M., Sonzogni, W.C., Standridge, J.H., Vennie J.G., and Wedepohl, R.E., 1987, 

Incidence of algal toxins in Wisconsin water experiencing blue-green algae blooms: 

Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene and Wisconsin Department of Natural 

Resources, Informational Paper, 8 p. 

19 
Shaw, B., Mechenich, C., and Klessig, L., 1993, Understanding Lake Data: University of 

Wisconsin Extension, G3582: Madison, Wis., 19 p. 

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1986, Quality Criteria for Water 1986: U.S. 

Environmental Protection Agency publication, EPA 440/5-86-001 [variously paged]. 

Wershaw, R.L., Fishman, M.J., Grabbe, R.R., and Lowe, L.E., eds., 1987, Methods for the 

determination of organic substances in water and fluvial sediments: U.S. Geological 

Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations, book 5, chap. A3, 80 p. 

Wetzel, R.G., 1983, Limnology (2nd ed.): New York, W.B. Saunders, 767 p. 

Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, 1992, Wisconsin water quality assessment– 

Report to Congress, 1992: Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources Publ-WR254- 

92-REV, 220 p. 

Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, Environmental Sciences Section, 1993, Manual of 

analytical methods, inorganic chemistry unit: Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, 

revised November 1993 [variously paged]. 

20 
21 

LAKE DATA 

Remarks codes and symbols used in the following tables: 

[<, less than; M, present but not quantified; --, not available; E, estimated] 
432409088151600 BIG CEDAR LAKE, NORTH SITE, NEAR WEST BEND, WI 

LOCATION.--Lat 43°24'09", long 88°15'16", in NE 1⁄4 SW 1⁄4 sec.20, T.11 N., R.19 E., Washington County, 

04040003, near West Bend. 

PERIOD OF RECORD.--February 2000 to current year. REMARKS.--Lake sampled on north side at a depth of 12 m. Water-quality analyses by Wisconsin State L

Hygiene. 

WATER-QUALITY DATA, APRIL 13 TO SEPTEMBER 28, 2006 

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated) 

 Chloro-  Date Time  Specif. pH, phyll a  Trans- conduc- water, wat unf Phos-  parency Sam- Temper- tance, unfltrd Dis- trichr. phorus, Sam-  Gage Secchi pling ature, wat unf field, solved method, water, pling 

height, disc, depth, water, uS/cm std oxygen, uncorr, unfltrd method, 

 feet meters meters deg C 25 degC units mg/L ug/L mg/L code  (00065) (00078) (00098) (00010) (00095) (00400) (00300) (32210) (00665) (82398)  APR 2006  13... 0940 -- -- .50 10.8 521 8.0 11.0 1.92 .015 50 

 13... 0951 -- -- 11.0 8.6 522 7.9 10.7 -- .012 50 

 13... 0955 10.24 2.40 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 JUN  14... 1040 -- -- .50 21.3 545 8.2 8.9 3.42 .017 50 

 14... 1052 -- -- 11.5 12.4 560 7.5 .2 -- .030 50 

 14... 1055 10.20 2.45 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 JUL  26... 1400 -- -- .50 26.1 526 8.4 8.3 15.8 .032 50 

 26... 1409 -- -- 11.5 12.9 564 7.3 .1 -- .037 50 

 26... 1410 10.23 1.40 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 AUG  30... 1430 -- -- .50 23.5 520 8.4 8.1 10.2 .023 50 

 30... 1439 -- -- 11.5 13.4 628 7.2 .1 -- .038 50 

 30... 1440 10.14 1.20 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 SEP  28... 1420 -- -- .50 15.9 523 8.5 8.1 5.63 .017 50 

 28... 1428 -- -- 11.5 15.2 526 8.3 7.3 -- .016 50 

 28... 1430 10.26 2.35 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

22 
432409088151600 BIG CEDAR LAKE, NORTH SITE, NEAR WEST BEND, WI

LAKE-DEPTH PROFILES, APRIL 13 TO SEPTEMBER 28, 2006 

0 10 20 30

1210

86420

0 10 20

0 10 20 30

1210

86420

0 10 20

SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELSIUS

4-13-06 6-14-06

0 10 20 

1210

86420

0 10 

0 10 20 30

1210

86420

0 10 20

7-26-06

DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

0 10 20 30

1210

86420

0 10 20

8-30-06 9-28-06

500 550 600 650 700 750

1210

86420

6 7 8 9 10

500 550 600 650 700 750

1210

86420

6 7 8 9 10

WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELSIUS

500 550 600 650 700 750

1210

86420

6 7 8 9 10

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS

500 550 600 650 700 750

1210

86420

6 7 8 9 10

500 550 600 650 

1210

86420

6 7 8 

W.T.

D.O.

S.C.

pH

DEPTH, IN METERS DEPTH, IN METERS

23 
24 

 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 20

30

40

50

60

70

Total Phosphorus

Chlorophyll a

Secchi depth

Eutrophic

 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 12

10

8

6

4

2

0

 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 0

5

10

15

20

25

 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 0.00

CHLOROPHYLL a CONCENTRATION, IN MICROGRAMS PER LITER SECCHI DEPTH, IN METERS TROPHIC STATE INDEX

Mesotrophic

TO

Oligotrophic

TAL P

 IN 

0.01

 Surface total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths,

and TSI data for Big Cedar Lake, North Site, near West Bend, Wisconsin.

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.07

HOSPHORUS CONCENTRATION,

MILLIGRAMS PER LITER
432224088154900 BIG CEDAR LAKE, SOUTH SITE, NEAR WEST BEND, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 43°22'24", long 88°15'49", in NE 1⁄4 SE 1⁄4 sec.31, T.11 N., R.19 E., Washington Coun

04040003, near West Bend. 

PERIOD OF RECORD.--February 2000 to current year. REMARKS.--Lake sampled on south side at deep hole. Water-quality analyses by Wisconsin State Laborat

WATER-QUALITY DATA, APRIL 13 TO SEPTEMBER 28, 2006 

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated) 

 Chloro- Ortho-  Specif. pH, phyll a phos-  Trans- conduc- water, wat unf Phos- phate,  parency Sam- Temper- tance, unfltrd Dis- trichr. phorus, water,  Gage Secchi pling ature, wat unf field, solved method, water, fltrd,  Date Time height, disc, depth, water, uS/cm std oxygen, uncorr, unfltrd mg/L  feet meters meters deg C 25 degC units mg/L ug/L mg/L as P  (00065) (00078) (00098) (00010) (00095) (00400) (00300) (32210) (00665) (00671)  APR 2006  13... 1020 -- -- .50 6.3 520 8.0 12.3 1.73 .008 .006  13... 1036 -- -- 30.0 4.6 520 8.0 12.0 -- .009 --  13... 1040 10.24 6.70 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  JUN  14... 0930 -- -- .50 20.5 538 8.1 8.7 2.18 .019 --  14... 0947 -- -- 30.0 5.1 558 7.5 1.1 -- .020 --  14... 0950 10.20 4.25 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  JUL  26... 1300 -- -- .50 25.5 513 8.4 8.7 8.33 .027 .002  26... 1319 -- -- 30.0 5.0 549 7.4 .4 -- .034 --  26... 1320 10.23 2.65 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  AUG  30... 1315 -- -- .50 23.4 507 8.4 9.3 8.20 .032 --  30... 1333 -- -- 30.0 5.0 584 7.4 .1 -- .034 --  30... 1335 10.14 2.05 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  SEP  28... 1320 -- -- .50 16.5 507 8.5 8.9 4.60 .016 --  28... 1338 -- -- 30.0 5.1 581 7.5 .1 -- .054 --  28... 1340 10.26 3.50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

25 
432224088154900 BIG CEDAR LAKE, SOUTH SITE, NEAR WEST BEND, WI

WATER-QUALITY DATA, APRIL 13 TO SEPTEMBER 28, 2006--CONTINUED 

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated) 

 Ammonia Ammonia Nitrite Appar-  + + + ent  Ammonia org-N, org-N, nitrate color, Hard- Magnes-  Sam- water, water, water, water water, ness, Calcium ium, Sodium,  pling fltrd, fltrd, unfltrd fltrd, Tur- unfltrd water, water, water, water,  Date depth, mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L bidity, Pt-Co mg/L as fltrd, fltrd, fltrd,  meters as N as N as N as N NTU units CaCO3 mg/L mg/L mg/L  (00098) (00608) (00623) (00625) (00631) (00076) (00081) (00900) (00915) (00925) (00930)  APR 2006  13... .50 .043 -- .44 .254 <1.0 5 220 34.9 33.0 21.3  13... 30.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  13... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  JUN  14... .50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  14... 30.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  14... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  JUL  26... .50 .022 .49 -- <.019 -- -- -- -- -- --  26... 30.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  26... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  AUG  30... .50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  30... 30.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  30... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  SEP  28... .50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  28... 30.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  28... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

26 
432224088154900 BIG CEDAR LAKE, SOUTH SITE, NEAR WEST BEND, WI

WATER-QUALITY DATA, APRIL 13 TO SEPTEMBER 28, 2006--CONTINUED 

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated) 

 ANC, Residue  wat unf on  fixed Chlor- Mangan- evap.  Sam- end pt, ide, Sulfate Silica, Iron, ese, at Sam-  pling lab, water, water, water, water, water, 180degC pling  Date depth, mg/L as fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, wat flt method,  meters CaCO3 mg/L mg/L mg/L ug/L ug/L mg/L code  (00098) (00417) (00940) (00945) (00955) (01046) (01056) (70300) (82398)  APR 2006  13... .50 189 46.5 22.5 1.63 <100 <.5 290 50  13... 30.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50  13... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  JUN  14... .50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50  14... 30.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50  14... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  JUL  26... .50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50  26... 30.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50  26... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  AUG  30... .50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50  30... 30.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50  30... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  SEP  28... .50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50  28... 30.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50  28... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

27 
0 10 20 30

3025201510

50

0 10 20

8-30-06 9-28-06

0 10 20 30

3025201510

50

0 10 20

SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELSIUS

04-13-06 6-14-06

0 10 20 30

3025201510

50

0 10 20

0 10 20 

3025201510

50

0 10 

0 10 20 30

3025201510

50

0 10 20

7-26-06

DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

500 525 550 575 600

3025201510

50

6 7 8 9 10

500 525 550 575 600

3025201510

50

6 7 8 9 10

WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELSIUS

500 525 550 575 600

3025201510

50

6 7 8 9 10

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS

500 525 550 575 600

3025201510

50

6 7 8 9 10

500 525 550 

3025201510

50

6 7 8 

W.T.

D.O.

S.C.

pH

DEPTH, IN METERS DEPTH, IN METERS

432224088154900 BIG CEDAR LAKE, SOUTH SITE, NEAR WEST BEND, WI

LAKE-DEPTH PROFILES, APRIL 13 TO SEPTEMBER 28, 2006 

28 
 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 20

30

40

50

60

70

Total Phosphorus

Chlorophyll a

Secchi depth

Eutrophic

 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 12

10

8

6

4

2

0

 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 0

5

10

15

20

25

 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 0.00

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.07

CHLOROPHYLL a CONCENTRATION, IN MICROGRAMS PER LITER SECCHI DEPTH, IN METERS TROPHIC STATE INDEX

Surface total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths, 

and TSI data for Big Cedar Lake, South Site, near West Bend, Wisconsin.

Mesotrophic

TOTAL PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATION, IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

Oligotrophic

29 
30 

423706088363400 DELAVAN LAKE NEAR DELAVAN, WI 

LOCATION.--Lat 42°36′27′′, long 88°36′19′′ referenced to North American Datum of 1927, 

in SW 1⁄4 NE 1⁄4 sec.28, T.2 N., R.16 E., Walworth County, WI, Hydrologic Unit 07090001, 

at Delavan Lake Sanitary District Lift Station No. 2 at Delavan Lake Yacht Club, 1.0 

mi southeast of outlet, and 2.7 mi southeast of Delavan. 

DRAINAGE AREA.--41.4 mi2 of which 2.30 mi2 probably is noncontributing. 

PERIOD OF RECORD.--October 1983 to current year. October 1983 to September 1985 data 

published in Water Resources Investigation series report "Water Quality and 

Hydrology of Delavan Lake in Southeastern Wisconsin" by Stephen J. Field and Marvin 

D. Duerk. 

GAGE.--Water-stage recorder. Datum of gage is 922.92 ft above NGVD of 1929. Prior to 

Sept. 5, 1989, staff gage at bridge on North Shore Drive at same datum. 

REMARKS.--Lake was ice covered from Dec. 7 to Mar. 28. Lake levels controlled by 

Delavan Lake Sanitary District. 

EXTREMES FOR PERIOD OF RECORD.--Maximum gage height observed, 6.19 ft, Feb. 21, 1994; 

minimum daily, -4.44 ft, Nov. 6, 1989 (lake drawn down for lake rehabilitation 

program). 

EXTREMES FOR CURRENT YEAR.--Maximum gage height, 5.71 ft, Mar. 13; minimum, 4.34 ft, 

Nov. 5. 
31 

GAGE HEIGHT, FEET 

WATER YEAR OCTOBER 2005 TO SEPTEMBER 2006 

DAILY MEAN VALUES 

Day Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep 

1 4.60 4.39 4.64 4.79 5.17 4.97 5.09 5.09 5.15 4.97 4.91 4.90 

2 4.59 4.38 4.64 4.89 5.12 4.97 5.10 5.11 5.13 4.97 4.90 4.89 

3 4.60 4.37 4.63 5.09 5.07 4.97 5.24 5.11 5.11 4.98 4.89 4.89 

4 4.60 4.37 4.65 5.19 5.04 4.96 5.22 5.11 5.09 4.98 4.88 4.98 

5 4.60 4.37 4.65 5.22 5.01 4.97 5.10 5.07 5.07 4.97 4.86 5.00 

6 4.59 4.49 4.64 5.21 4.97 4.99 4.99 5.04 5.03 4.95 4.85 5.01 

7 4.56 4.50 4.63 5.20 4.97 4.99 4.99 5.02 5.01 4.93 4.86 5.01 

8 4.54 4.50 4.64 5.19 4.97 4.99 5.01 5.01 5.00 4.92 4.84 5.01 

9 4.52 4.50 4.67 5.17 4.97 5.10 5.00 5.00 4.98 4.91 4.82 4.99 

10 4.52 4.49 4.67 5.15 4.98 5.13 4.98 5.01 5.01 4.90 4.81 5.00 

11 4.51 4.48 4.68 5.14 4.98 5.10 5.00 5.04 5.00 4.90 4.79 5.03 

12 4.51 4.48 4.68 5.13 4.98 5.08 5.02 5.12 4.98 4.89 4.77 5.07 

13 4.51 4.49 4.68 5.12 4.97 5.57 5.04 5.15 4.97 4.88 4.75 5.12 

14 4.51 4.49 4.69 5.11 4.97 5.60 5.05 5.15 4.98 4.92 4.73 5.14 

15 4.50 4.53 4.70 5.08 4.96 5.40 5.05 5.11 5.00 4.93 4.71 5.12 

16 4.48 4.55 4.72 5.06 5.00 5.25 5.07 5.07 5.00 4.93 4.70 5.09 

17 4.48 4.55 4.72 5.04 5.01 5.14 5.09 5.05 4.99 4.92 4.69 5.06 

18 4.47 4.54 4.72 5.02 5.00 5.06 5.08 5.03 5.07 4.93 4.68 5.04 

19 4.45 4.53 4.73 4.99 5.00 5.01 5.07 4.99 5.08 4.91 4.69 5.01 

20 4.44 4.52 4.73 5.01 4.99 5.03 5.07 4.98 5.00 4.95 4.68 4.99 

21 4.43 4.52 4.73 5.03 4.98 5.05 5.07 4.99 5.00 4.96 4.66 4.99 

22 4.43 4.53 4.73 5.04 4.99 5.06 5.06 5.00 4.99 4.96 4.65 5.01 

23 4.43 4.55 4.73 5.05 4.99 5.08 5.05 4.99 5.00 4.95 4.65 5.01 

24 4.43 4.54 4.73 5.05 4.99 5.08 5.04 4.99 4.99 4.94 4.80 5.02 

25 4.42 4.53 4.73 5.05 4.98 5.08 5.02 5.07 5.00 4.93 4.89 5.01 

26 4.41 4.53 4.74 5.05 4.98 5.07 5.00 5.13 5.10 4.93 4.93 5.00 

27 4.41 4.53 4.74 5.03 4.97 5.07 5.00 5.13 5.09 4.94 5.00 5.00 

28 4.41 4.60 4.75 5.01 4.97 5.08 4.99 5.14 5.04 4.94 5.01 4.99 

29 4.40 4.63 4.75 5.14 --- 5.07 4.98 5.13 4.99 4.94 4.94 4.98 

30 4.39 4.63 4.77 5.21 --- 5.07 5.05 5.14 4.97 4.93 4.92 4.98 

31 4.39 --- 4.79 5.20 --- 5.09 --- 5.17 --- 4.92 4.91 --- 

Mean 4.49 4.50 4.70 5.09 5.00 5.10 5.05 5.07 5.03 4.93 4.81 5.01 

Max 4.60 4.63 4.79 5.22 5.17 5.60 5.24 5.17 5.15 4.98 5.01 5.14 

Min 4.39 4.37 4.63 4.79 4.96 4.96 4.98 4.98 4.97 4.88 4.65 4.89 
 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2

 

-6-4-2

02468

GAGE HEIGHT, IN FEET

 Stage hydrograph for Delavan Lake, 1983 – 2006. 

32 
33 

423556088365001 DELAVAN LAKE AT CENTER NEAR DELAVAN LAKE, WI 

LOCATION.--Lat 42°35'56", long 88°36'50", in SE 1⁄4 SW 1⁄4 sec.28, T.2 N., R.16 E., Walworth Coun

07090001, 2.6 mi southeast of Delavan. 

DRAINAGE AREA.--41.4 mi2, of which 2.3 mi2 is non-contributing. Area of Delavan Lake, 2,072 acres. 

PERIOD OF RECORD.--October 1983 to current year. REMARKS.--Lake ice-covered during February measurements. Water-quality analyses done by the U.S

National Water Quality Laboratory. Samples for determination of chlorophyll a concentration are top 0.5 m of the lake and analyzed by the Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene. 

WATER-QUALITY DATA, OCTOBER 5, 2005 TO MAY 25, 2006 

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated) 

 Chloro- Ortho-  Specif. pH, phyll a phos-  Trans- conduc- water, wat unf Phos- phate,  parency Sam- Temper- tance, unfltrd Dis- trichr. phorus, water,  Gage Secchi pling ature, wat unf field, solved method, water, fltrd,  Date Time height, disc, depth, water, uS/cm std oxygen, uncorr, unfltrd mg/L  feet meters meters deg C 25 degC units mg/L ug/L mg/L as P  (00065) (00078) (00098) (00010) (00095) (00400) (00300) (32210) (00665) (00671)  OCT 2005  05... 0815 4.60 2.10 .50 19.0 -- -- -- -- .061 --  13... 1335 4.51 2.70 .50 16.5 -- -- -- -- .077 --  18... 1340 4.47 3.40 .50 17.0 -- -- -- -- .088 --  26... 1110 4.41 3.20 .50 13.0 -- -- -- -- .106 --  NOV  01... 1130 4.39 3.40 .50 10.0 -- -- -- -- .098 --  14... 1330 4.49 2.90 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  14... 1335 -- -- .50 10.0 540 8.2 9.5 5.49 .089 .058  14... 1351 -- -- 16.0 10.0 540 8.2 9.1 -- .090 .059  MAR 2006  20... 1030 5.03 1.20 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  20... 1035 -- -- .50 3.1 531 8.4 13.7 15.9 .069 .021  20... 1051 -- -- 16.0 3.0 531 8.4 13.3 -- .07 .018  APR  17... 1330 5.09 2.80 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  17... 1335 -- -- .50 9.9 535 8.3 11.4 6.39 .025 .009  17... 1351 -- -- 16.0 8.2 536 8.2 10.5 -- .043 .014  26... 1350 5.00 2.40 .50 12.0 -- -- -- -- .035 --  MAY  02... 1040 5.11 4.30 .50 12.5 -- -- -- -- .034 --  10... 1030 5.01 6.40 .50 14.5 -- -- -- -- .060 --  17... 1200 5.05 5.60 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  17... 1205 -- -- .50 13.6 548 8.3 9.3 2.39 .036 .015  17... 1213 -- -- 8.0 13.2 548 8.2 9.0 -- .033 .015  17... 1217 -- -- 12.0 11.7 554 7.9 5.6 -- .037 .017  17... 1221 -- -- 16.0 10.8 562 7.5 1.0 -- .078 .085  25... 1130 5.07 4.60 .50 15.5 -- -- -- -- .035 -- 
34 

423556088365001 DELAVAN LAKE AT CENTER NEAR DELAVAN LAKE, WI 

WATER-QUALITY DATA, OCTOBER 5, 2005 TO MAY 25, 2006--CONTINUED 

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated) 

 Ammonia Nitrite Turbdty  + + white  Ammonia org-N, nitrate light, Color, Hard- Magnes- Potas-  Sam- water, water, water det ang water, ness, Calcium ium, Sodium, sium,  pling fltrd, unfltrd fltrd, 90+/-30 fltrd, water, water, water, water, water,  Date depth, mg/L mg/L mg/L corrctd Pt-Co mg/L as fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, fltrd,  meters as N as N as N NTRU units CaCO3 mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L  (00098) (00608) (00625) (00631) (63676) (00080) (00900) (00915) (00925) (00930) (00935)  OCT 2005  05... .50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  13... .50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  18... .50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  26... .50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  NOV  01... .50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  14... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  14... .50 .093 .66 .086 -- -- -- -- -- -- --  14... 16.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  MAR 2006  20... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  20... .50 .012 .76 .198 -- -- -- -- -- -- --  20... 16.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  APR  17... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  17... .50 E.008 .65 .301 <2.0 12 220 35.4 31.8 27.7 2.83  17... 16.0 .028 .65 .299 <2.0 10 220 35.5 31.9 27.8 2.81  26... .50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  MAY  02... .50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  10... .50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  17... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  17... .50 .082 .68 .106 -- -- -- -- -- -- --  17... 8.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  17... 12.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  17... 16.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  25... .50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 
35 

423556088365001 DELAVAN LAKE AT CENTER NEAR DELAVAN LAKE, WI 

WATER-QUALITY DATA, OCTOBER 5, 2005 TO MAY 25, 2006--CONTINUED 

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated) 

 Residue  on  Chlor- Fluor- Mangan- evap.  Sam- ide, Sulfate ide, Silica, Iron, ese, at Sam-  pling water, water, water, water, water, water, 180degC pling  Date depth, fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, wat flt method,  meters mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L ug/L ug/L mg/L code  (00098) (00940) (00945) (00950) (00955) (01046) (01056) (70300) (82398)  OCT 2005  05... .50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50  13... .50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50  18... .50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50  26... .50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50  NOV  01... .50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50  14... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  14... .50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50  14... 16.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50  MAR 2006  20... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  20... .50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50  20... 16.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50  APR  17... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  17... .50 60.7 25.4 .22 .3 <6 .7 304 50  17... 16.0 60.4 25.3 .23 .5 <6 .6 299 50  26... .50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50  MAY  02... .50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50  10... .50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50  17... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  17... .50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50  17... 8.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50  17... 12.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50  17... 16.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50  25... .50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50 
423556088365001 DELAVAN LAKE AT CENTER NEAR DELAVAN LAKE, WI 

WATER-QUALITY DATA, JUNE 1 TO SEPTEMBER 26, 2006 

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated) 

 Chloro- Ortho-  Specif. pH, phyll a phos-  Trans- conduc- water, wat unf Phos- phate,  parency Sam- Temper- tance, unfltrd Dis- trichr. phorus, water,  Gage Secchi pling ature, wat unf field, solved method, water, fltrd,  Date Time height, disc, depth, water, uS/cm std oxygen, uncorr, unfltrd mg/L  feet meters meters deg C 25 degC units mg/L ug/L mg/L as P  (00065) (00078) (00098) (00010) (00095) (00400) (00300) (32210) (00665) (00671) JUN  01... 1045 5.15 3.70 .50 22.0 -- -- -- -- .029 --  08... 1045 5.00 3.40 .50 22.5 -- -- -- -- .035 --  13... 1250 4.97 2.40 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  13... 1255 -- -- .50 21.8 554 8.4 10.4 15.6 .045 <.006  13... 1301 -- -- 6.0 19.8 556 8.2 8.0 -- .038 E.003  13... 1306 -- -- 11.0 13.1 558 7.5 2.6 -- .082 .037  13... 1311 -- -- 16.0 12.4 564 7.3 .1 -- .193 .162  22... 1110 4.99 2.30 .50 21.5 -- -- -- -- .056 --  29... 1015 4.99 3.00 .50 22.0 -- -- -- -- .069 --  JUL  06... 1345 4.95 3.70 .50 24.0 -- -- -- -- .032 --  13... 1020 4.88 2.60 .50 24.0 -- -- -- -- .050 --  20... 1350 4.95 1.80 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  20... 1355 -- -- .50 26.0 548 8.6 8.8 15.0 .039 E.004  20... 1401 -- -- 6.0 25.7 550 8.5 7.9 -- .036 E.004  20... 1408 -- -- 13.0 13.1 573 7.3 .1 -- .30 .232  20... 1411 -- -- 16.0 12.6 579 7.2 .0 -- .41 .331  28... 1045 4.94 2.00 .50 26.5 -- -- -- -- .039 --  AUG  15... 1355 4.71 1.30 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  15... 1400 -- -- .50 25.8 534 8.5 8.5 12.4 .026 E.004  15... 1404 -- -- 4.0 25.0 535 8.4 7.6 -- .038 --  15... 1407 -- -- 7.0 24.8 536 8.3 6.7 -- .019 E.004  15... 1409 -- -- 9.0 20.7 560 7.4 .1 -- .092 --  15... 1411 -- -- 11.0 15.6 566 7.2 .1 -- .27 --  15... 1413 -- -- 13.0 13.7 573 7.2 .1 -- .37 .344  15... 1415 -- -- 15.0 13.1 578 7.2 .1 -- .42 --  15... 1416 -- -- 16.0 12.8 591 7.1 .1 -- .53 .479  23... 1015 4.65 1.70 .50 24.8 -- -- -- -- .040 --  31... 0830 4.91 2.10 .50 22.8 -- -- -- -- .044 --  SEP  06... 1430 5.01 1.80 .50 24.8 -- -- -- -- .040 --  14... 1030 5.14 2.60 .50 19.5 -- -- -- -- .051 --  19... 1225 5.01 1.70 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  19... 1225 -- 1.70 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  19... 1230 -- -- .50 19.4 540 8.5 8.8 19.0 .076 .016  19... 1241 -- -- 11.0 19.3 540 8.4 8.2 -- .071 .008  19... 1244 -- -- 14.0 13.4 600 7.3 .1 -- .45 .430  19... 1246 -- -- 15.5 12.9 616 7.1 .0 -- .55 .524  26... 0940 5.00 2.10 .50 17.0 -- -- -- -- .078 -- 

36 
423556088365001 DELAVAN LAKE AT CENTER NEAR DELAVAN LAKE, WI 

WATER-QUALITY DATA, JUNE 1 TO SEPTEMBER 26, 2006--CONTINUED 

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated) 

 Ammonia Nitrite  + +  Ammonia org-N, nitrate  Sam- water, water, water Sam-  pling fltrd, unfltrd fltrd, pling  Date depth, mg/L mg/L mg/L method,  meters as N as N as N code 

(98) (00608) (00625) (00631) (82398) 

JUN  01... .50 -- -- -- 50  08... .50 -- -- -- 50  13... -- -- -- -- --  13... .50 .025 .90 E.010 50  13... 6.0 -- -- -- 50  13... 11.0 -- -- -- 50  13... 16.0 -- -- -- 50  22... .50 -- -- -- 50  29... .50 -- -- -- 50 JUL 2006  06... .50 -- -- -- 50  13... .50 -- -- -- 50  20... -- -- -- -- --  20... .50 .022 .77 <.016 50  20... 6.0 -- -- -- 50  20... 13.0 -- -- -- 50  20... 16.0 -- -- -- 50  28... .50 -- -- -- 50  AUG  15... -- -- -- -- --  15... .50 .018 .76 <.016 50  15... 4.0 -- -- -- 50  15... 7.0 -- -- -- 50  15... 9.0 -- -- -- 50  15... 11.0 -- -- -- 50  15... 13.0 -- -- -- 50  15... 15.0 -- -- -- 50  15... 16.0 -- -- -- 50  23... .50 -- -- -- 50  31... .50 -- -- -- 50  SEP  06... .50 -- -- -- 50  14... .50 -- -- -- 50  19... -- -- -- -- --  19... -- -- -- -- --  19... .50 .015 .69 .019 50  19... 11.0 -- -- -- 50  19... 14.0 -- -- -- 50  19... 15.5 -- -- -- 50  26... .50 -- -- -- 50 

37 
423556088365001 DELAVAN LAKE AT CENTER NEAR DELAVAN LAKE, WI 

LAKE-DEPTH PROFILES, NOVEMBER 14, 2005 TO MAY 17, 2006 

0 10 20 30

16141210

86420

0 10 20

SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELSIUS

11-14-05 03-20-06 04-17-06

0 10 20 30

16141210

86420

0 10 20

DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

0 10 20 

16141210

86420

0 10 

05-17-06

0 10 20 30

16141210

86420

0 10 20

525 575 625 675

16141210

86420

6 7 8 9 10

525 575 625 

16141210

86420

6 7 8 9 

525 575 625 675

16141210

86420

6 7 8 9 10

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS

W.T. D.O.

S.C.

pH

525 575 625 675

16141210

86420

6 7 8 9 10

WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELSIUS

DEPTH, IN METERS DEPTH, IN METERS

38 
0 10 20 30

16141210

86420

0 10 20

SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELSIUS

06-13-06 07-20-06 08-15-06

0 10 20 30

16141210

86420

0 10 20

DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

0 10 20 

16141210

86420

0 10 

09-19-06

0 10 20 30

16141210

86420

0 10 20

525 575 625 675

16141210

86420

6 7 8 9 10

525 575 625 

16141210

86420

6 7 8 9 

525 575 625 675

16141210

86420

6 7 8 9 10

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS

W.T.

D.O.

S.C.

pH

525 575 625 675

16141210

86420

6 7 8 9 10

WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELSIUS

DEPTH, IN METERS DEPTH, IN METERS

423556088365001 DELAVAN LAKE AT CENTER NEAR DELAVAN LAKE, WI 

LAKE-DEPTH PROFILES, JUNE 13 TO SEPTEMBER 19, 2006 

39 
 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

Total Phosphorus

Chlorophyll a

Secchi depth

Eutrophic

 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 0

20

40

60

80

100

120

329

 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

CHLOROPHYLL a CONCENTRATION, IN MICROGRAMS PER LITER SECCHI DEPTH, IN METERS TROPHIC STATE INDEX

Surface total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths,

 and TSI data for Delavan Lake, at Center, near Delavan, Wisconsin.

Mesotrophic

TOTAL PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATION, IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

Oligotrophic

40 
41 

423659088354401 DELAVAN LAKE, AT NORTH END, NEAR LAKE LAWN, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 42°36'59", long 88°35'44", in NW 1⁄4 SW 1⁄4 sec.22, T.2 N., R.16 E., 

Walworth County, Hydrologic Unit 07090001, 2.6 mi southeast of Delavan. 

DRAINAGE AREA.--41.4 mi2

, of which 2.3 mi2 is non-contributing. 

PERIOD OF RECORD.--October 1983 to current year. 

 

 Trans- 

 parency 

 Secchi 

 Date Time disc, 

 meters 

 (00078) 

 

 APR 2006 

 17... 1430 2.80 

 MAY 

 17... 1835 6.20 

 JUN 

 13... 1410 3.70 

 JUL 

 20... 1510 1.80 

 AUG 

 15... 1540 1.30 

423526088380101 DELAVAN LAKE, AT SW END, NEAR DELAVAN LAKE, WI 

LOCATION.--Lat 42°35'26", long 88°38'01", in SE 1⁄4 NW 1⁄4 sec.32, T.2 N., R.16 E., 

Walworth County, Hydrologic Unit 07090001, 2.6 mi southeast of Delavan. 

DRAINAGE AREA.--41.4 mi2

, of which 2.3 mi2 is non-contributing. 

PERIOD OF RECORD.--October 1983 to current year. 

 

 Trans- 

 parency 

 Secchi 

 Date Time disc, 

 meters 

 (00078) 

 

 APR 2006 

 17... 1415 2.90 

 JUN 

 13... 1345 2.00 

 JUL 

 20... 1445 1.90 

 AUG 

 15... 1510 1.50 
42 

05404500 DEVILS LAKE NEAR BARABOO, WI 

LOCATION.--Lat 43°25′35′′, long 89°43′40′′ referenced to North American Datum of 1927, in SW 1⁄4 SE 1⁄4 

sec.13, T.11 N., R.6 E., Sauk County, WI, Hydrologic Unit 07070004, in Devils Lake State Park, 

3.5 mi south of Baraboo. 

DRAINAGE AREA.--4.79 mi2, Area of Devils Lake, 361 acres. 

PERIOD OF RECORD.--June 1922 to August 1930, June to August 1932, June 1934 to September 1981 

(fragmentary). October 1981 to September 1984, data unpublished in district files. October 1984 

to current year. 

REVISED RECORDS.--WDR WI-78-1: Drainage area. 

GAGE.--Water-stage recorder installed July 17, 1991. Datum of gage is 955.00 ft, above NGVD of 

1929. 

REMARKS.--Lake has no surface outlet. Water removed from lake by siphon October 1-16 and September 

6-22, 24-30. Water was diverted into lake (during runoff events) during the year. 

EXTREMES FOR PERIOD OF RECORD.--Maximum gage height observed, 14.13 ft, July 18, 1993; minimum 

observed, 1.49 ft Feb. 8, 1965. 

EXTREMES FOR CURRENT YEAR.--Maximum recorded gage height, 9.31 ft, June 1-3; minimum recorded, 6.40 

ft, Nov. 5. 

GAGE HEIGHT, FEET 

WATER YEAR OCTOBER 2005 TO SEPTEMBER 2006 

DAILY MEAN VALUES 

Day Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep 

1 6.99 6.48 6.50 6.46 6.55 6.48 6.79 7.84 9.30 8.70 8.19 7.95 

2 6.98 6.47 6.49 6.52 6.54 6.47 6.81 7.90 9.30 8.70 8.17 7.93 

3 6.97 6.45 6.49 6.56 6.54 6.47 6.90 7.95 9.30 8.67 8.15 7.92 

4 6.96 6.44 6.50 6.56 6.54 6.47 6.93 7.98 9.28 8.64 8.12 7.95 

5 6.95 6.45 6.49 6.56 6.54 6.48 6.95 8.00 9.26 8.61 8.09 7.94 

6 6.93 6.52 6.48 6.56 6.53 6.50 6.96 8.01 9.24 8.59 8.10 7.92 

7 6.88 6.52 6.47 6.55 6.53 6.50 7.19 8.01 9.21 8.56 8.10 7.89 

8 6.84 6.51 6.47 6.55 6.52 6.51 7.33 8.01 9.19 8.53 8.07 7.85 

9 6.81 6.49 6.48 6.55 6.52 6.52 7.37 8.03 9.15 8.50 8.05 7.80 

10 6.79 6.48 6.47 6.54 6.52 6.53 7.40 8.06 9.16 8.48 8.04 7.77 

11 6.76 6.47 6.47 6.54 6.51 6.54 7.42 8.07 9.12 8.48 8.01 7.80 

12 6.75 6.46 6.47 6.54 6.51 6.56 7.45 8.17 9.09 8.48 7.99 7.94 

13 6.73 6.47 6.47 6.53 6.50 6.67 7.47 8.22 9.06 8.47 7.96 8.02 

14 6.71 6.45 6.48 6.53 6.50 6.70 7.49 8.30 9.04 8.46 7.93 8.01 

15 6.68 6.47 6.49 6.53 6.49 6.71 7.50 8.38 9.02 8.45 7.90 7.98 

16 6.67 6.53 6.49 6.52 6.52 6.73 7.53 8.48 8.99 8.43 7.88 7.96 

17 6.66 6.51 6.49 6.51 6.53 6.75 7.58 8.57 8.97 8.40 7.86 7.93 

18 6.65 6.50 6.48 6.51 6.53 6.75 7.59 8.62 8.97 8.37 7.85 7.90 

19 6.63 6.49 6.48 6.50 6.53 6.75 7.61 8.65 8.95 8.34 7.86 7.86 

20 6.61 6.49 6.48 6.50 6.52 6.75 7.63 8.66 8.92 8.41 7.84 7.81 

21 6.60 6.47 6.47 6.51 6.51 6.75 7.63 8.66 8.91 8.40 7.82 7.78 

22 6.59 6.47 6.47 6.51 6.51 6.75 7.63 8.66 8.90 8.37 7.80 7.77 

23 6.58 6.46 6.47 6.50 6.51 6.75 7.63 8.66 8.87 8.35 7.78 7.77 

24 6.57 6.44 6.47 6.49 6.50 6.75 7.63 8.67 8.84 8.32 7.97 7.77 

25 6.55 6.43 6.47 6.49 6.49 6.75 7.66 8.78 8.82 8.30 8.06 7.75 

26 6.54 6.43 6.46 6.48 6.49 6.75 7.66 8.90 8.81 8.28 8.07 7.71 

27 6.53 6.46 6.46 6.47 6.48 6.75 7.65 8.93 8.80 8.28 8.05 7.68 

28 6.52 6.50 6.46 6.49 6.48 6.75 7.65 8.95 8.77 8.27 8.03 7.65 

29 6.51 6.50 6.46 6.54 --- 6.75 7.64 8.95 8.74 8.25 8.02 7.61 

30 6.49 6.49 6.46 6.55 --- 6.76 7.76 9.08 8.72 8.24 8.00 7.58 

31 6.49 --- 6.46 6.55 --- 6.79 --- 9.26 --- 8.22 7.98 --- 

Mean 6.71 6.48 6.48 6.52 6.52 6.65 7.41 8.43 9.02 8.44 7.99 7.84 

Max 6.99 6.53 6.50 6.56 6.55 6.79 7.76 9.26 9.30 8.70 8.19 8.02 

Min 6.49 6.43 6.46 6.46 6.48 6.47 6.79 7.84 8.72 8.22 7.78 7.58 
1935 1940 1945 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 

05

1015

GAGE HEIGHT, IN FEET 

 Annual minimum and maximum water levels for Devils Lake, 1936-2006.

43 
44 

423525088260400 GENEVA LAKE AT LAKE GENEVA, WI 

LOCATION.--Lat 42°35′25′′, long 88°26′04′′ referenced to North American Datum of 1927, in SE 1⁄4 NW 1⁄4 

sec.36, T.2 N., R.17 E., Walworth County, WI, Hydrologic Unit 07120006, at Geneva Lake dam at 

Center Street at Lake Geneva. 

DRAINAGE AREA.--28.7 mi2. 

PERIOD OF RECORD.--October 1997 to August 2002, December 2002 to current year. 

GAGE.--Water-stage recorder. Datum of gage is 862.08 ft above NGVD of 1929. Intermittent staff-gage 

readings January to March. 

REMARKS.--Gage-height telemeter at station. 

EXTREMES FOR PERIOD OF RECORD.--Maximum gage height, 3.29 ft, June 13, 2000; minimum gage height, 

1.44 ft, Nov. 5, 2005 (affected by wind). 

EXTREMES FOR CURRENT YEAR.--Maximum gage height observed, 2.96 ft, Mar. 13 (affected by wind); 

minimum gage height, 1.44 ft, Nov. 5 (affected by wind). 

 

GAGE HEIGHT, FEET 

WATER YEAR OCTOBER 2005 TO SEPTEMBER 2006 

DAILY MEAN VALUES 

[e, estimated] 

Day Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep 

1 1.89 1.64 e1.66 --- 2.14 --- 2.53 2.58 2.65 2.59 2.42 2.30 

2 1.89 1.64 --- --- 2.14 --- 2.54 2.60 2.63 2.57 2.41 2.29 

3 1.91 1.62 --- --- 2.15 --- 2.67 2.61 2.61 2.56 2.38 2.30 

4 1.91 1.61 --- e1.83 2.16 --- 2.69 2.60 2.59 2.55 2.37 2.40 

5 1.92 1.60 --- --- 2.14 --- 2.68 2.59 2.58 2.53 2.35 2.41 

6 1.90 1.70 --- --- --- --- 2.66 2.57 2.58 2.51 2.35 2.41 

7 1.85 1.70 --- --- --- --- 2.69 2.56 2.55 2.50 2.34 2.41 

8 1.82 1.68 --- --- --- --- 2.70 2.55 2.53 2.50 2.32 2.40 

9 1.80 1.70 --- --- --- --- 2.69 2.54 2.50 2.49 2.31 2.37 

10 1.79 1.67 --- --- --- e2.40 2.67 2.55 2.51 2.45 2.29 2.36 

11 1.78 1.66 --- --- --- 2.39 2.66 2.61 2.50 2.44 2.26 2.39 

12 1.78 1.67 --- --- --- 2.43 2.67 2.65 2.49 2.43 2.25 2.44 

13 1.78 1.74 --- --- --- 2.62 2.66 2.65 2.48 2.43 2.24 2.49 

14 1.78 1.66 --- --- --- 2.60 2.66 2.65 2.48 2.46 2.22 2.48 

15 1.77 1.70 --- --- --- 2.58 2.63 2.64 2.49 2.47 2.20 2.47 

16 1.75 1.76 --- --- --- 2.57 2.62 2.64 2.50 2.47 2.18 2.47 

17 1.75 1.69 --- --- --- 2.58 2.63 2.66 2.50 2.47 2.17 2.47 

18 1.74 1.66 --- --- --- 2.57 2.61 2.68 2.55 2.45 2.16 2.48 

19 1.73 1.67 --- --- --- 2.56 2.61 2.66 2.58 2.44 2.17 2.44 

20 1.71 1.67 --- e1.96 --- 2.54 2.61 2.65 2.54 2.48 2.15 2.40 

21 1.70 1.66 --- --- --- 2.53 2.60 2.63 2.57 2.47 2.15 2.38 

22 1.70 1.64 --- --- e2.26 2.53 2.58 2.61 2.57 2.46 2.14 2.40 

23 1.70 1.65 --- --- e2.22 2.52 2.56 2.60 2.53 2.45 2.12 2.42 

24 1.69 1.63 --- --- --- 2.52 2.55 2.60 2.52 2.46 2.28 2.42 

25 1.67 --- --- --- --- 2.51 2.53 2.65 2.52 2.44 2.34 2.41 

26 1.66 --- --- --- --- 2.50 2.54 2.65 2.61 2.43 2.36 2.39 

27 1.66 --- --- --- --- 2.50 2.52 2.64 2.62 2.43 2.35 2.38 

28 1.65 1.68 --- --- --- 2.50 2.50 2.64 2.61 2.43 2.34 2.36 

29 1.65 1.73 --- e2.12 --- 2.51 2.49 2.65 2.60 2.43 2.35 2.36 

30 1.65 1.68 --- 2.13 --- 2.50 2.55 2.66 2.58 2.42 2.33 2.35 

31 1.63 --- --- 2.13 --- 2.56 --- 2.66 --- 2.42 2.31 --- 

Mean 1.76 --- --- --- --- --- 2.61 2.62 2.55 2.47 2.28 2.40 

Max 1.92 --- --- --- --- --- 2.70 2.68 2.65 2.59 2.42 2.49 

Min 1.63 --- --- --- --- --- 2.49 2.54 2.48 2.42 2.12 2.29 
 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 

1.52.02.53.03.5

GAGE HEIGHT, IN FEET

STAFF GAGE READING

Stage hydrograph for Geneva Lake, 1997-2006.

45 
46 

423329088323300 GENEVA LAKE AT WEST END NEAR WILLIAMS BAY, WI 

LOCATION.--Lat 42°33'29", long 88°32'33", in NE 1⁄4 SE 1⁄4 sec.12, T.1 N., R.16 E., Walworth County, Hyd 07120006, 1.3 mi south of Williams Bay. DRAINAGE AREA.--28.7 mi2. 

PERIOD OF RECORD.--April 1997 to current year. REMARKS.--Lake sampled at deep hole at a depth of about 43 m. Water-quality analyses done by Wiscons of Hygiene. Samples for determination of chlorophyll a concentration are collected from the top 0

WATER-QUALITY DATA, NOVEMBER 14, 2005 TO JUNE 13, 2006 

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated) 

 Chloro- Ortho-  Specif. pH, phyll a phos-  Trans- conduc- water, wat unf Phos- phate,  parency Sam- Temper- tance, unfltrd Dis- trichr. phorus, water,  Gage Secchi pling ature, wat unf field, solved method, water, fltrd,  Date Time height, disc, depth, water, uS/cm std oxygen, uncorr, unfltrd mg/L  feet meters meters deg C 25 degC units mg/L ug/L mg/L as P  (00065) (00078) (00098) (00010) (00095) (00400) (00300) (32210) (00665) (00671)  NOV 2005  14... 0940 1.66 5.60 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  14... 0945 -- -- .50 10.8 503 8.1 8.1 2.78 .057 .006  14... 1016 -- -- 31.0 10.2 506 7.8 6.2 -- .025 --  14... 1020 -- -- 35.0 9.1 508 7.6 2.3 -- .091 --  14... 1027 -- -- 42.0 8.9 508 7.5 1.0 -- .104 --  APR 2006  17... 1100 2.63 5.60 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  17... 1105 -- -- .50 6.1 491 8.2 13.2 2.58 .008 .002  17... 1147 -- -- 42.0 5.2 491 8.3 13.0 -- .009 .003  JUN  13... 1025 2.48 8.80 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  13... 1030 -- -- .50 20.0 510 8.4 9.3 .440 .010 .003  13... 1038 -- -- 8.0 19.3 510 8.3 9.4 -- .005 --  13... 1051 -- -- 21.0 8.0 504 8.1 10.0 -- .007 --  13... 1104 -- -- 34.0 6.9 506 7.9 8.8 -- .005 --  13... 1110 -- -- 40.0 6.8 506 7.8 8.2 -- .007 --  13... 1113 -- -- 43.0 6.6 508 7.7 6.7 -- .012 -- 
47 

423329088323300 GENEVA LAKE AT WEST END NEAR WILLIAMS BAY, WI 

WATER-QUALITY DATA, NOVEMBER 14, 2005 TO JUNE 13, 2006--CONTINUED 

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated) 

 Ammonia Nitrite Appar-  + + ent  Ammonia org-N, nitrate color, Hard- Magnes- Potas-  Sam- water, water, water water, ness, Calcium ium, Sodium, sium,  pling fltrd, unfltrd fltrd, Tur- unfltrd water, water, water, water, water,  Date depth, mg/L mg/L mg/L bidity, Pt-Co mg/L as fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, fltrd,  meters as N as N as N NTU units CaCO3 mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L  (00098) (00608) (00625) (00631) (00076) (00081) (00900) (00915) (00925) (00930) (00935)  NOV 2005  14... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  14... .50 <.015 .47 <.019 -- -- -- -- -- -- --  14... 31.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  14... 35.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  14... 42.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  APR 2006  17... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  17... .50 <.015 .30 <.019 <1.0 5 220 33.8 34.1 18.6 2.00  17... 42.0 <.015 .37 <.019 <1.0 5 230 34.0 34.5 19.0 2.00  JUN  13... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  13... .50 .019 .31 <.019 -- -- -- -- -- -- --  13... 8.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  13... 21.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  13... 34.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  13... 40.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  13... 43.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 
48 

423329088323300 GENEVA LAKE AT WEST END NEAR WILLIAMS BAY, WI 

WATER-QUALITY DATA, NOVEMBER 14, 2005 TO JUNE 13, 2006--CONTINUED 

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated) 

 ANC, Residue  wat unf on  fixed Chlor- Mangan- evap.  Sam- end pt, ide, Sulfate Silica, Iron, ese, at Sam-  pling lab, water, water, water, water, water, 180degC pling  Date depth, mg/L as fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, wat flt method,  meters CaCO3 mg/L mg/L mg/L ug/L ug/L mg/L code  (00098) (00417) (00940) (00945) (00955) (01046) (01056) (70300) (82398)  NOV 2005  14... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  14... .50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50  14... 31.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50  14... 35.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50  14... 42.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50  APR 2006  17... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  17... .50 184 39.0 31.3 1.79 <100 <.5 294 50  17... 42.0 183 38.8 31.2 1.84 <100 <.5 294 50  JUN  13... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  13... .50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50  13... 8.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50  13... 21.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50  13... 34.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50  13... 40.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50  13... 43.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50 
49 

423329088323300 GENEVA LAKE AT WEST END NEAR WILLIAMS BAY, WI 

WATER-QUALITY DATA, JULY 20 TO SEPTEMBER 21, 2006 (Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated) 

 Chloro- Ortho-  Specif. pH, phyll a phos-  Trans- conduc- water, wat unf Phos- phate,  parency Sam- Temper- tance, unfltrd Dis- trichr. phorus, water,  Gage Secchi pling ature, wat unf field, solved method, water, fltrd,  Date Time height, disc, depth, water, uS/cm std oxygen, uncorr, unfltrd mg/L  feet meters meters deg C 25 degC units mg/L ug/L mg/L as P  (00065) (00078) (00098) (00010) (00095) (00400) (00300) (32210) (00665) (00671)  JUL 2006  20... 1130 2.48 5.90 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  20... 1135 -- -- .50 25.0 515 8.3 8.3 2.72 .011 <.002  20... 1142 -- -- 7.0 24.9 515 8.3 8.3 -- .018 --  20... 1155 -- -- 20.0 8.8 508 8.0 8.8 -- .015 --  20... 1209 -- -- 34.0 7.0 509 7.8 6.7 -- .015 --  20... 1214 -- -- 39.0 6.9 511 7.7 4.5 -- .025 --  20... 1218 -- -- 43.0 6.8 514 7.6 3.3 -- .034 --  AUG  15... 1055 2.20 6.40 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  15... 1100 -- -- .50 25.1 515 8.3 7.6 1.15 .013 <.002  15... 1109 -- -- 9.0 24.8 515 8.3 7.5 -- .012 --  15... 1119 -- -- 19.0 9.1 504 7.9 6.8 -- .012 --  15... 1133 -- -- 33.0 7.2 506 7.8 5.1 -- .017 --  15... 1138 -- -- 38.0 6.9 506 7.7 3.8 -- .024 --  15... 1142 -- -- 42.0 6.8 510 7.5 1.3 -- .065 --  SEP  21... 1405 2.38 5.90 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  21... 1410 -- -- .50 18.9 510 8.3 8.5 4.44 .014 .002  21... 1421 -- -- 11.0 18.7 509 8.3 8.2 -- .011 <.002  21... 1427 -- -- 17.0 10.0 510 7.9 5.7 -- .012 .003  21... 1435 -- -- 25.0 8.2 509 7.9 5.5 -- .009 .004  21... 1443 -- -- 33.0 7.3 510 7.6 3.3 -- .027 .019  21... 1453 -- -- 43.0 6.9 516 7.6 .0 -- .099 .082 
50 

423329088323300 GENEVA LAKE AT WEST END NEAR WILLIAMS BAY, WI 

WATER-QUALITY DATA, JULY 20 TO SEPTEMBER 21, 2006--CONTINUED 

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated) 

 Ammonia Nitrite  + +  Ammonia org-N, nitrate  Sam- water, water, water Sam-  pling fltrd, unfltrd fltrd, pling  Date depth, mg/L mg/L mg/L method,  meters as N as N as N code  (00098) (00608) (00625) (00631) (82398)  JUL 2006  20... -- -- -- -- --  20... .50 .018 .41 <.019 50  20... 7.0 -- -- -- 50  20... 20.0 -- -- -- 50  20... 34.0 -- -- -- 50  20... 39.0 -- -- -- 50  20... 43.0 -- -- -- 50  AUG  15... -- -- -- -- --  15... .50 <.015 .50 <.019 50  15... 9.0 -- -- -- 50  15... 19.0 -- -- -- 50  15... 33.0 -- -- -- 50  15... 38.0 -- -- -- 50  15... 42.0 -- -- -- 50  SEP  21... -- -- -- -- --  21... .50 <.015 .53 <.019 50  21... 11.0 <.015 .45 <.019 50  21... 17.0 <.015 .43 <.019 50  21... 25.0 <.015 .44 .032 50  21... 33.0 <.015 .50 .201 50  21... 43.0 .228 .85 <.019 50 
423329088323300 GENEVA LAKE AT WEST END NEAR WILLIAMS BAY, WI 

LAKE-DEPTH PROFILES, NOVEMBER 14, 2005 TO JUNE 13, 2006 

0 10 20 30

4540353025201510

50

0 10 20

SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELSIUS

11-14-05

0 10 20 

4540353025201510

50

0 10 

06-13-06

475 485 495 505 515 525

4540353025201510

50

6 7 8 9 10

475 485 495 505 

4540353025201510

50

6 7 8 

475 485 495 505 515 525

4540353025201510

50

6 7 8 9 10

WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELSIUS

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS

W.T. D.O.

S.C.

pH

0 10 20 30

4540353025201510

50

0 10 20

DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

04-17-06

DEPTH, IN METERS DEPTH, IN METERS

51 
0 10 20 30

4540353025201510

50

0 10 20

SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELSIUS

07-20-06

0 10 20 30

4540353025201510

50

0 10 20

DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

0 10 20 

4540353025201510

50

0 10 

09-21-06

475 485 495 505 515 525

4540353025201510

50

6 7 8 9 10

475 485 495 505 

4540353025201510

50

6 7 8 

475 485 495 505 515 525

4540353025201510

50

6 7 8 9 10

WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELSIUS

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS

W.T.

D.O.

S.C. pH

08-15-06

DEPTH, IN METERS DEPTH, IN METERS

423329088323300 GENEVA LAKE AT WEST END NEAR WILLIAMS BAY, WI 

LAKE-DEPTH PROFILES, JULY 20 TO SEPTEMBER 21, 2006 

52 
 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 10

20

30

40

50

60

Total Phosphorus

Chlorophyll a

Secchi depth

 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 0

5

10

15

 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 0.00

0.01

0.02

CHLOROPHYLL a CONCENTRATION, IN MICROGRAMS PER LITER SECCHI DEPTH, IN METERS TROPHIC STATE INDEX

 Surface total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths,

and TSI data for Geneva Lake, West End, near Williams Bay, Wisconsin.

(Open circles on the first two plots indicate laboratory detection limit for selected analyses.

 Actual concentrations for these particular analyses are less than the plotted circles.)

Eutrophic

Mesotrophic

TOTAL PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATION, IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

Oligotrophic

53 
54 

434928088553601 GREEN LAKE AT COUNTY TRUNK HIGHWAY A NEAR GREEN LAKE, WI 

LOCATION.--Lat 43°49′28′′, long 88°55′36′′ referenced to North American Datum of 1927, 

in NE 1⁄4 SE 1⁄4 SE 1⁄4 sec.27, T.16 N., R.13 E., Green Lake County, WI, Hydrologic Unit 

04030201, on left bank at downstream side of County Trunk Highway A, 2.3 mi 

southeast of Green Lake. 

DRAINAGE AREA.--103 mi2. 

PERIOD OF RECORD.--October 1993 to current year. 

GAGE.--Water-stage recorder. Datum of gage is 790.00 ft above sea level. 

REMARKS.--Lake level regulated by dam at outlet at Green Lake. Gage-height telemeter 

at station. 

EXTREMES FOR PERIOD OF RECORD.--Maximum recorded gage height, 7.64 ft, Jun 17, 2004; 

minimum recorded, 5.27 ft, Nov. 5, 2005. 

EXTREMES FOR CURRENT YEAR.--Maximum recorded gage height, 7.11 ft, May 16, 17; minimum 

recorded gage height, 5.27 ft, Nov. 5. 

GAGE HEIGHT, FEET 

WATER YEAR OCTOBER 2005 TO SEPTEMBER 2006 

DAILY MEAN VALUES 

Day Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep 

1 5.57 5.35 5.54 5.52 5.79 5.80 6.30 6.84 6.86 6.46 6.32 6.04 

2 5.57 5.33 5.54 5.57 5.78 5.83 6.31 6.87 6.83 6.47 6.32 6.03 

3 5.57 5.32 5.53 5.60 5.80 5.83 6.37 6.88 6.79 6.45 6.32 6.03 

4 5.58 5.32 5.55 5.62 5.82 5.83 6.39 6.88 6.78 6.42 6.30 6.02 

5 5.59 5.31 5.54 5.64 5.83 5.84 6.38 6.87 6.76 6.40 6.27 6.01 

6 5.60 5.45 5.52 5.64 5.83 5.86 6.39 6.85 6.73 6.39 6.31 6.00 

7 5.54 5.45 5.51 5.65 5.81 5.86 6.48 6.85 6.74 6.38 6.31 6.00 

8 5.51 5.44 5.51 5.64 5.80 5.87 6.53 6.84 6.72 6.37 6.29 6.00 

9 5.50 5.51 5.52 5.65 5.80 5.89 6.55 6.84 6.67 6.35 6.27 5.97 

10 5.49 5.43 5.51 5.65 5.80 5.90 6.57 6.87 6.63 6.31 6.24 5.95 

11 5.48 5.42 5.50 5.65 5.81 5.93 6.59 6.94 6.62 6.30 6.22 5.97 

12 5.48 5.42 5.49 5.65 5.81 5.98 6.63 7.05 6.59 6.31 6.20 6.02 

13 5.48 5.53 5.49 5.66 5.80 6.08 6.64 7.07 6.57 6.31 6.19 6.04 

14 5.49 5.42 5.49 5.65 5.80 6.11 6.65 7.09 6.53 6.32 6.20 6.04 

15 5.48 5.43 5.52 5.65 5.80 6.12 6.66 7.10 6.51 6.33 6.17 6.04 

16 5.45 5.56 5.54 5.65 5.83 6.14 6.66 7.11 6.51 6.32 6.14 6.03 

17 5.46 5.49 5.53 5.67 5.85 6.15 6.67 7.10 6.50 6.32 6.13 6.04 

18 5.45 5.48 5.52 5.67 5.85 6.16 6.67 7.09 6.50 6.30 6.12 6.06 

19 5.43 5.48 5.51 5.65 5.84 6.17 6.68 7.06 6.49 6.28 6.11 6.02 

20 5.42 5.49 5.49 5.65 5.83 6.17 6.69 7.05 6.46 6.29 6.10 5.99 

21 5.40 5.48 5.49 5.66 5.83 6.17 6.70 7.01 6.47 6.28 6.10 5.96 

22 5.41 5.46 5.49 5.66 5.82 6.18 6.73 6.99 6.49 6.28 6.07 5.95 

23 5.39 5.48 5.49 5.67 5.82 6.19 6.74 6.95 6.46 6.30 6.05 5.97 

24 5.38 5.49 5.50 5.68 5.81 6.19 6.74 6.92 6.45 6.31 6.06 5.99 

25 5.37 5.45 5.50 5.65 5.82 6.20 6.76 6.92 6.43 6.30 6.11 5.98 

26 5.37 5.44 5.50 5.65 5.81 6.21 6.77 6.92 6.52 6.32 6.12 5.97 

27 5.36 5.47 5.50 5.65 5.81 6.22 6.77 6.89 6.51 6.31 6.11 5.97 

28 5.36 5.52 5.51 5.65 5.81 6.23 6.76 6.93 6.50 6.31 6.10 5.95 

29 5.35 5.56 5.51 5.74 --- 6.24 6.76 6.92 6.49 6.30 6.10 5.94 

30 5.35 5.54 5.50 5.77 --- 6.24 6.80 6.91 6.47 6.31 6.07 5.94 

31 5.36 --- 5.52 5.77 --- 6.29 --- 6.88 --- 6.32 6.06 --- 

Mean 5.46 5.45 5.51 5.65 5.81 6.06 6.61 6.95 6.59 6.34 6.18 6.00 

Max 5.60 5.56 5.55 5.77 5.85 6.29 6.80 7.11 6.86 6.47 6.32 6.06 

Min 5.35 5.31 5.49 5.52 5.78 5.80 6.30 6.84 6.43 6.28 6.05 5.94 
434756089020500 GREEN LAKE AT DEEP HOLE NEAR GREEN LAKE, WI 

LOCATION.--Lat 43°47'56", long 89°02'05", in NW 1⁄4 SE 1⁄4 sec.2, T.15 N., R.12 E., Green Lake Co

04030201, about 5 miles southwest of the City of Green Lake. 

PERIOD OF RECORD.--May 2004 to current year. Lake sampled by Wisconsin Department of Natural ResourcREMARKS.--Water-quality analyses done by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene. A “*” indicates da

by Mary Jane Bumby, Self-Help Volunteer. 

WATER-QUALITY DATA, OCTOBER 1, 2005 TO SEPTEMBER 28, 2006 

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated) 

 Chloro- Ortho-  Specif. pH, phyll a phos-  Trans- conduc- water, wat unf Phos- phate,  parency Sam- Temper- tance, unfltrd Dis- trichr. phorus, water,  Gage Secchi pling ature, wat unf field, solved method, water, fltrd,  Date Time height, disc, depth, water, uS/cm std oxygen, uncorr, unfltrd mg/L  feet meters meters deg C 25 degC units mg/L ug/L mg/L as P  (00065) (00078) (00098) (00010) (00095) (00400) (00300) (32210) (00665) (00671)  OCT 2005  *01... 1200 5.57 6.10 .10 18.9 -- -- -- -- -- --  *18... 1200 5.45 6.70 .10 16.7 -- -- -- -- -- --  MAY 2006  03... 0935 6.88 1.90 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  03... 0940 -- -- .50 8.2 485 8.5 14.8 16.7 .040 .004  03... 1048 -- -- 68.0 4.3 489 8.1 12.8 -- .037 --  *22... 1200 6.99 1.10 .10 13.9 -- -- -- -- -- --  JUN  *01... ---- -- 1.70 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  12... 1010 6.59 9.00 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  12... 1015 -- -- .50 19.8 487 8.6 9.1 1.00 .013 --  12... 1123 -- -- 68.0 4.4 575 6.8 .0 -- .118 --  *20... 1005 6.46 10.7 .10 21.1 -- -- -- -- -- --  *27... 1050 6.51 7.90 .10 21.1 -- -- -- -- -- --  JUL  *02... 1200 6.47 6.70 .10 22.2 -- -- -- -- -- --  *06... 1200 6.39 5.80 .10 23.9 -- -- -- -- -- --  *15... 1200 6.33 3.50 .10 26.7 -- -- -- -- -- --  18... 1000 6.30 4.10 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  18... 1005 -- -- .50 25.1 483 8.5 9.0 2.03 .015 --  18... 1112 -- -- 67.0 4.5 506 7.4 .8 -- .215 --  *23... 1200 6.30 4.30 .10 25.6 -- -- -- -- -- -- 

55 
56 

434756089020500 GREEN LAKE AT DEEP HOLE NEAR GREEN LAKE, WI 

WATER-QUALITY DATA, OCTOBER 1, 2005 TO SEPTEMBER 28, 2006--CONTINUED 

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated) 

 Chloro- Ortho-  Specif. pH, phyll a phos-  Trans- conduc- water, wat unf Phos- phate,  parency Sam- Temper- tance, unfltrd Dis- trichr. phorus, water,  Gage Secchi pling ature, wat unf field, solved method, water, fltrd,  Date Time height, disc, depth, water, uS/cm std oxygen, uncorr, unfltrd mg/L  feet meters meters deg C 25 degC units mg/L ug/L mg/L as P  (00065) (00078) (00098) (00010) (00095) (00400) (00300) (32210) (00665) (00671) AUG 2006  *03... ---- -- 3.20 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  *12... 1200 6.20 3.70 .10 25.6 -- -- -- -- -- --  16... 1045 6.14 3.90 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  16... 1050 -- -- .50 24.7 471 8.5 8.5 1.42 .011 .003  16... 1110 -- -- 20.0 6.6 493 8.1 8.5 -- .009 --  16... 1158 -- -- 68.0 4.5 509 7.3 .0 -- .279 --  16... 1200 -- 4.30 .10 25.6 -- -- -- -- -- --  20... 1200 6.10 4.10 .10 24.7 -- -- -- -- -- --  SEP  *01... 1200 6.04 4.30 .10 22.2 -- -- -- -- -- --  *06... ---- -- 5.00 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  *14... 1335 6.04 4.30 .10 20.0 -- -- -- -- -- --  20... 1300 5.99 5.00 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  20... 1305 -- -- .50 17.5 478 8.6 9.0 7.21 .014 --  20... 1322 -- -- 17.0 8.1 499 8.0 5.5 -- .012 --  20... 1411 -- -- 66.0 4.6 517 7.5 .1 -- .311 --  *28... 1310 5.95 5.20 .10 14.4 -- -- -- -- -- -- 
57 

434756089020500 GREEN LAKE AT DEEP HOLE NEAR GREEN LAKE, WI 

WATER-QUALITY DATA, OCTOBER 1, 2005 TO SEPTEMBER 28, 2006--CONTINUED 

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated) 

 Ammonia Nitrite Appar-  + + ent  Ammonia org-N, nitrate color, Hard- Magnes- Potas-  Sam- water, water, water water, ness, Calcium ium, Sodium, sium,  pling fltrd, unfltrd fltrd, Tur- unfltrd water, water, water, water, water,  Date depth, mg/L mg/L mg/L bidity, Pt-Co mg/L as fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, fltrd,  meters as N as N as N NTU units CaCO3 mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L  (00098) (00608) (00625) (00631) (00076) (00081) (00900) (00915) (00925) (00930) (00935)  OCT 2005  01... .10 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  18... .10 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  MAY 2006  03... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  03... .50 <.015 .51 .101 <1.0 5 230 35.1 34.9 18.5 3.00  03... 68.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  22... .10 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  JUN  12... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  12... .50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  12... 68.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  20... .10 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  27... .10 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  JUL  02... .10 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  06... .10 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  15... .10 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  18... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  18... .50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  18... 67.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  23... .10 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  AUG  12... .10 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  16... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  16... .50 <.015 .49 <.019 -- -- -- -- -- -- --  16... 20.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  16... 68.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  16... .10 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  20... .10 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  SEP  01... .10 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  14... .10 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  20... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  20... .50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  20... 17.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  20... 66.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  28... .10 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 
434756089020500 GREEN LAKE AT DEEP HOLE NEAR GREEN LAKE, WI 

WATER-QUALITY DATA, OCTOBER 1, 2005 TO SEPTEMBER 28, 2006--CONTINUED 

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated) 

 ANC,  wat unf 

Residue 

on 

 Date  fixed Chlor- Mangan- evap.  Sam- end pt, ide, Sulfate Silica, Iron, ese, at Sam-  pling lab, water, water, water, water, water, 180degC pling 

depth, mg/L as fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, wat flt method, 

 meters CaCO3 mg/L mg/L mg/L ug/L ug/L mg/L code  (00098) (00417) (00940) (00945) (00955) (01046) (01056) (70300) (82398)  OCT 2005  01... .10 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 18... .10 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 MAY 2006  03... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 03... .50 183 35.3 29.8 <.022 <100 <.5 282 50 

 03... 68.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50 

 22... .10 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 JUN  12... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 12... .50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50 

 12... 68.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50 

 20... .10 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 27... .10 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 JUL  02... .10 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 06... .10 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 15... .10 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 18... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 18... .50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50 

 18... 67.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50 

 23... .10 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 AUG  12... .10 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 16... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 16... .50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50 

 16... 20.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50 

 16... 68.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50 

 16... .10 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 20... .10 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 SEP  01... .10 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 14... .10 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 20... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 20... .50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50 

 20... 17.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50 

 20... 66.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50 

 28... .10 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

58 
434756089020500 GREEN LAKE AT DEEP HOLE NEAR GREEN LAKE, WI 

LAKE-DEPTH PROFILES, MAY 3 TO SEPTEMBER 20, 2006 

0 10 20 30

70605040302010

0

0 10 20

07-18-06

DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

0 10 20 30

70605040302010

0

0 10 20

SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELSIUS

05-03-06 06-12-06

0 10 20 

70605040302010

0

0 10

0 10 20 30

70605040302010

0

0 10 20

08-16-06 09-20-06

0 10 20 30

70605040302010

0

0 10 20

400 450 500 550 600

70605040302010

0

6 7 8 9 10

400 450 500 550 600

70605040302010

0

6 7 8 9 10

WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELSIUS

400 450 500 550 600

70605040302010

0

6 7 8 9 10

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS

400 450 500 550 600

70605040302010

0

6 7 8 9 10

400 450 500 5

70605040302010

0

6 7 8 

W.T.

D.O.

S.C.

pH

DEPTH, IN METERS DEPTH, IN METERS

59 
60 

 2004 2005 2006 20

30

40

50

60

70

Total Phosphorus

Chlorophyll a

Secchi depth

Eutrophic

 2004 2005 2006 8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

USGS

SELF HELP

 2004 2005 2006 0

10

20

30

40

50

60

CHLOROPHYLL a CONCENTRATION, IN MICROGRAMS PER LITER SECCHI DEPTH, IN METERS TROPHIC STATE INDEX

Surface total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths,

and TSI data for Green Lake, Deep Hole, near Green Lake, Wisconsin.

Mesotrophic

Oligotrophic

0.00

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

 2004 2005 2006

TOTAL PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATION, IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER
61 

434928088570000 GREEN LAKE AT EAST END NEAR GREEN LAKE, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 43°49'28", long 88°57'00", in SE 1⁄4 SE 1⁄4 sec.28, T.16 N., R.13 E., Green Lake Coun

04030201, about one mile southeast of the City of Green Lake. 

PERIOD OF RECORD.--May 2004 current year. Lake sampled by Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources REMARKS.--Water-quality analyses done by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene. A “*” indicates data 

by Mary Jane Bumby, Self-Help Volunteer.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, OCTOBER 1, 2005 TO SEPTEMBER 20, 2006 

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated) 

 Chloro-  Specif. pH, phyll a  Trans- conduc- water, wat unf Phos-  parency Sam- Temper- tance, unfltrd Dis- trichr. phorus, Sam-  Gage Secchi pling ature, wat unf field, solved method, water, pling  Date Time height, disc, depth, water, uS/cm std oxygen, uncorr, unfltrd method,  feet meters meters deg C 25 degC units mg/L ug/L mg/L code  (00065) (00078) (00098) (00010) (00095) (00400) (00300) (32210) (00665) (82398)  OCT 2005  *01... 1200 5.57 4.90 .10 18.9 -- -- -- -- -- --  *18... 1200 5.45 6.10 .10 16.7 -- -- -- -- -- --  MAY 2006  03... 1250 6.88 1.80 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  03... 1255 -- -- .50 7.5 486 8.4 14.5 15.5 .043 50  03... 1328 -- -- 33.0 5.5 488 8.3 13.3 -- .034 50  *22... 1200 6.99 .80 .10 15.6 -- -- -- -- -- --  JUN  12... 1210 6.59 6.70 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  12... 1215 -- -- .50 18.8 488 8.6 9.3 1.56 .013 50  12... 1247 -- -- 32.0 5.2 492 8.1 10.0 -- .059 50  20... 1040 6.46 10.1 .10 22.2 -- -- -- -- -- --  27... 1125 6.51 7.90 .10 21.7 -- -- -- -- -- --  JUL  *02... 1200 6.47 4.60 .10 23.3 -- -- -- -- -- --  *06... 1200 6.39 4.30 .10 25.0 -- -- -- -- -- --  *15... 1200 6.33 3.50 .10 26.7 -- -- -- -- -- --  18... 1200 6.30 3.40 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  18... 1205 -- -- .50 26.9 484 8.5 8.8 2.08 .017 50  18... 1238 -- -- 33.0 5.6 497 7.9 8.8 -- .069 50  *23... 1200 6.30 4.40 .10 25.6 -- -- -- -- -- --  AUG  *12... 1200 6.20 3.70 .10 25.0 -- -- -- -- -- --  *16... 1200 6.14 4.00 .10 25.6 -- -- -- -- -- --  16... 1240 -- 3.00 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  16... 1245 -- -- .50 25.2 474 8.5 8.5 1.65 .012 50  16... 1305 -- -- 20.0 6.9 496 7.9 7.3 -- .010 50  16... 1318 -- -- 33.0 5.5 496 7.9 7.7 -- .058 50  *20... 1200 6.10 3.70 .10 24.4 -- -- -- -- -- -- 
62 

434928088570000 GREEN LAKE AT EAST END NEAR GREEN LAKE, WI

WATER-QUALITY DATA, OCTOBER 1, 2005 TO SEPTEMBER 20, 2006--CONTINUED 

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated) 

 Chloro-  Specif. pH, phyll a  Trans- conduc- water, wat unf Phos-  parency Sam- Temper- tance, unfltrd Dis- trichr. phorus, Sam-  Gage Secchi pling ature, wat unf field, solved method, water, pling  Date Time height, disc, depth, water, uS/cm std oxygen, uncorr, unfltrd method,  feet meters meters deg C 25 degC units mg/L ug/L mg/L code  (00065) (00078) (00098) (00010) (00095) (00400) (00300) (32210) (00665) (82398) SEP  *01... 1200 6.04 3.70 .10 21.7 -- -- -- -- -- --  *14... 1402 6.04 4.90 .10 20.0 -- -- -- -- -- --  20... 1510 5.99 3.60 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  20... 1515 -- -- .50 17.8 478 8.6 9.2 8.96 .020 50  20... 1532 -- -- 17.0 7.7 501 7.7 4.9 -- .014 50  20... 1548 -- -- 33.0 5.6 500 7.8 6.7 -- .060 50 
0 10 20 30

353025201510

50

0 10 20

08-16-06 0

0 10 20 30

353025201510

50

0 10 20

0 10 20 30

353025201510

50

0 10 20

SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELSIUS

05-03-06 06-12-06

0 10 20 30

353025201510

50

0 10 20

07-18-06

DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

0 

353025201510

50

0 

400 450 500 550 600

353025201510

50

6 7 8 9 10

400 450 500 550 600

353025201510

50

6 7 8 9 10

WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELSIUS

400 450 500 550 600

353025201510

50

6 7 8 9 10

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS

400 450 500 550 600

353025201510

50

6 7 8 9 10

400 45

353025201510

50

6 7 

W.T.

D.O.

S.C.

pH

DEPTH, IN METERS DEPTH, IN METERS

434928088570000 GREEN LAKE AT EAST END NEAR GREEN LAKE, WI

LAKE-DEPTH PROFILES, MAY 30 TO SEPTEMBER 20, 2006 

63 
 2004 2005 2006 20

30

40

50

60

70

Total Phosphorus

Chlorophyll a

Secchi depth

Eutrophic

 2004 2005 2006 9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

USGS

SELF HELP

 2004 2005 2006 0

10

20

30

40

50

60

 2004 2005 2006 0.00

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

CHLOROPHYLL a CONCENTRATION, IN MICROGRAMS PER LITER SECCHI DEPTH, IN METERS TROPHIC STATE INDEX

Surface total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths,

 and TSI data for Green Lake, East End, near Green Lake, Wisconsin.

Mesotrophic

TO

Oligotrophic

TAL PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATION,

 IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

64 
65 

455208089435800 KAWAGUESAGA LAKE, DEEP HOLE, NEAR MINOCQUA, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 45°52'08", long 89°43'58", in NE 1⁄4 NW 1⁄4 SW 1⁄4 sec.15, T.39 N., R.6 E., Oneida Coun

07070001, at Minocqua. 

PERIOD OF RECORD.—April to September 2006. REMARKS.--Water-quality analyses done by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, APRIL 25 TO SEPTEMBER 14, 2006 

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated) 

 Chloro-  Specif. pH, phyll a  Trans- conduc- water, wat unf Phos-  parency Sam- Temper- tance, unfltrd Dis- trichr. phorus, Sam-  Gage Secchi pling ature, wat unf field, solved method, water, pling  Date Time height, disc, depth, water, uS/cm std oxygen, uncorr, unfltrd method,  feet meters meters deg C 25 degC units mg/L ug/L mg/L code  (00065) (00078) (00098) (00010) (00095) (00400) (00300) (32210) (00665) (82398)  APR 2006  25... 1020 -- -- .50 9.4 121 8.1 11.5 21.1 .022 50  25... 1040 -- -- 10.0 6.9 129 7.0 3.9 -- .039 50  25... 1050 1583.92 2.00 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  MAY  16... 1000 -- -- .50 10.8 13 7.7 10.5 11.5 .023 50  16... 1010 -- -- 10.0 10.1 129 7.4 7.2 -- .029 50  16... 1020 1583.86 2.60 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  JUN  16... 0925 -- -- .50 21.0 123 8.1 8.9 2.09 .011 50  16... 0937 -- -- 10.0 11.3 138 7.5 .1 -- .028 50  16... 1000 1583.93 4.90 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  JUL  18... 1130 1583.85 3.20 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  18... 1140 -- -- .50 26.1 117 8.5 9.2 2.13 .015 50  18... 1154 -- -- 10.0 11.2 210 7.2 .2 -- .207 50  AUG  23... 1340 -- -- .50 24.1 138 8.2 10.1 15.5 .018 50  23... 1349 -- -- 7.5 16.9 153 7.1 .2 -- .046 50  23... 1354 -- -- 10.0 11.8 250 7.2 .1 -- .186 50  23... 1415 1584.00 1.50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  SEP  14... 1006 1583.81 1.70 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  14... 1013 -- -- .50 18.1 126 7.7 7.5 11.8 .020 50  14... 1036 -- -- 9.0 13.9 192 7.1 .2 -- .077 50  14... 1040 -- -- 10.0 11.9 258 7.3 .2 -- .231 50 
455208089435800 KAWAGUESAGA LAKE, DEEP HOLE, NEAR MINOCQUA, WI

LAKE-DEPTH PROFILES, APRIL 25 TO JUNE 16, 2006 

0 10 20 30

1210

86420

0 10 20

SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELS

4-25-06

60 110 160 210 260

1210

86420

6 7 8 9 10

60 11

1210

86420

6 7 

60 110 160 210 260

1210

86420

6 7 8 9 10

WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELSIUS

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS

0 

1210

86420

0 

W.T.

D.O.

S.C.

pH

0 10 20 30

1210

86420

0 10 20

DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

5-16-06

DEPTH, IN METERS DEPTH, IN METERS

66 
0 10 20 30

1210

86420

0 10 20

SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELS

7-18-06

60 110 160 210 260

1210

86420

6 7 8 9 10

60 11

1210

86420

6 7 

60 110 160 210 260

1210

86420

6 7 8 9 10

WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELSIUS

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS

0 

1210

86420

0 

W.T.

D.O.

S.C.

pH

0 10 20 30

1210

86420

0 10 20

DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

8-23-06

DEPTH, IN METERS DEPTH, IN METERS

455208089435800 KAWAGUESAGA LAKE, DEEP HOLE, NEAR MINOCQUA, WI

LAKE-DEPTH PROFILES, JULY 18 TO SEPTEMBER 14, 2006 

67 
 2003 2004 2005 2006 20

30

40

50

60

70

Total Phosphorus

Chlorophyll a

Secchi depth

Eutrophic

Oligotrophic

 2003 2004 2005 2006 5

4

3

2

1

0

 2003 2004 2005 2006 0

10

20

30

40

50

 2003 2004 2005 2006 0.00

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.07

0.08

0.09

0.10

CHLOROPHYLL a CONCENTRATION, IN MICROGRAMS PER LITER SECCHI DEPTH, IN METERS TROPHIC STATE INDEX

 Surface total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths,

and TSI data for Kawaguesaga Lake, Deep Hole, Near Minocqua, Wisconsin.

Mesotrophic

TOTAL PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATION, IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

68 
425715089164700 LAKE KEGONSA AT BARBER DRIVE NEAR STOUGHTON, WI 

LOCATION.--Lat 42°57′15′′, long 89°16′47′′ referenced to North American Datum of 1927, in SW 1⁄4 NE 1⁄4 

NE 1⁄4 sec.26, T.6 N., R.10 E., Dane County, WI, Hydrologic Unit 07090001, on downstream side of 

bridge on Barber Drive, 3.5 mi northwest of Stoughton. 

DRAINAGE AREA.--386 mi2. 

PERIOD OF RECORD.--October 2003 to current year. 

GAGE.--Water-stage recorder. Datum of gage is 840.00 ft above sea level (levels from Wisconsin 

Department of Transportation benchmark). 

EXTREMES FOR PERIOD OF RECORD.--Maximum gage height observed, 4.71 ft, May 23, 2004; minimum 

observed, 2.07 ft, Jan.27, 2006. 

EXTREMES FOR CURRENT YEAR.--Maximum gage height observed, 4.11 ft, July 27; minimum observed, 2.07 

ft, Jan 27. 

 GAGE HEIGHT, FEET 

WATER YEAR OCTOBER 2005 TO SEPTEMBER 2006 

DAILY MEAN VALUES 

Day Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep 

1 2.82 2.87 2.72 2.40 2.25 2.30 2.93 3.59 3.50 3.54 3.53 3.42 

2 2.83 2.86 2.67 2.42 2.26 2.30 2.96 3.62 3.48 3.52 3.47 3.40 

3 2.84 2.86 2.67 2.44 2.28 2.30 3.08 3.61 3.47 3.49 3.43 3.38 

4 2.85 2.87 2.67 2.44 2.29 2.29 3.12 3.60 3.45 3.47 3.37 3.40 

5 2.87 2.91 2.66 2.44 2.27 2.30 3.14 3.57 3.42 3.45 3.31 3.40 

6 2.88 3.01 2.65 2.42 2.27 2.32 3.14 3.54 3.40 3.42 3.29 3.39 

7 2.88 3.03 2.64 2.41 2.27 2.32 3.25 3.50 3.39 3.40 3.27 3.38 

8 2.89 3.06 2.64 2.39 2.27 2.35 3.28 3.45 3.39 3.40 3.23 3.37 

9 2.90 3.05 2.65 2.37 2.27 2.45 3.30 3.42 3.39 3.42 3.18 3.37 

10 2.91 3.04 2.66 2.35 2.27 2.50 3.31 3.41 3.43 3.44 3.15 3.36 

11 2.92 3.05 2.66 2.32 2.27 2.56 3.30 3.36 3.43 3.62 3.11 3.38 

12 2.92 3.06 2.66 2.29 2.26 2.63 3.31 3.39 3.42 3.84 3.07 3.50 

13 2.91 3.03 2.66 2.27 2.25 2.74 3.32 3.38 3.44 3.89 3.03 3.62 

14 2.91 3.06 2.67 2.24 2.24 2.78 3.35 3.36 3.45 3.94 3.00 3.65 

15 2.91 3.10 2.69 2.22 2.25 2.81 3.37 3.32 3.47 3.96 3.02 3.65 

16 2.90 3.10 2.69 2.20 2.32 2.85 3.44 3.29 3.48 3.95 3.04 3.63 

17 2.90 3.09 2.68 2.18 2.33 2.85 3.51 3.26 3.49 3.94 3.07 3.61 

18 2.90 3.04 2.67 2.15 2.34 2.84 3.53 3.23 3.53 3.91 3.10 3.58 

19 2.90 2.99 2.66 2.14 2.34 2.83 3.55 3.21 3.55 3.78 3.13 3.53 

20 2.89 2.95 2.65 2.14 2.34 2.86 3.56 3.18 3.56 3.75 3.14 3.49 

21 2.88 2.90 2.63 2.15 2.33 2.83 3.57 3.15 3.57 3.71 3.14 3.46 

22 2.88 2.86 2.61 2.14 2.33 2.78 3.58 3.13 3.58 3.67 3.15 3.44 

23 2.89 2.82 2.59 2.13 2.32 2.79 3.58 3.11 3.58 3.62 3.16 3.41 

24 2.90 2.76 2.56 2.11 2.33 2.80 3.58 3.12 3.56 3.55 3.38 3.39 

25 2.89 2.72 2.55 2.10 2.32 2.81 3.59 3.25 3.59 3.49 3.51 3.36 

26 2.88 2.73 2.53 2.09 2.31 2.81 3.55 3.32 3.66 3.45 3.57 3.33 

27 2.88 2.73 2.51 2.09 2.31 2.82 3.54 3.37 3.65 3.59 3.60 3.31 

28 2.87 2.77 2.50 2.09 2.31 2.84 3.53 3.40 3.64 3.74 3.63 3.29 

29 2.87 2.75 2.47 2.18 --- 2.85 3.52 3.42 3.61 3.70 3.63 3.26 

30 2.86 2.74 2.45 2.21 --- 2.86 3.57 3.48 3.58 3.65 3.53 3.24 

31 2.87 --- 2.43 2.23 --- 2.89 --- 3.52 --- 3.59 3.44 --- 

Mean 2.88 2.93 2.62 2.25 2.29 2.65 3.38 3.37 3.51 3.64 3.28 3.43 

Max 2.92 3.10 2.72 2.44 2.34 2.89 3.59 3.62 3.66 3.96 3.63 3.65 

Min 2.82 2.72 2.43 2.09 2.24 2.29 2.93 3.11 3.39 3.40 3.00 3.24 

69 
70 

05427235 LAKE KOSHKONONG NEAR NEWVILLE, WI 

LOCATION.--Lat 42°51′27′′, long 88°56′27′′ referenced to North American Datum of 1927, in NW 1⁄4 NE 1⁄4 

sec.34, T.5 N., R.13 E., Jefferson County, WI, Hydrologic Unit 07090001, 80 ft east of 

Pottawatomi Trail Bridge at Bingham Point Estates, and 4.5 mi northeast of Newville. 

DRAINAGE AREA.--2,560 mi2. 

PERIOD OF RECORD.--July 1987 to current year. 

GAGE.--Water-stage recorder. Datum of gage is 770.00 ft above NGVD of 1929 (Wisconsin Department of 

Transportation bench mark). 

REMARKS.--Lake level regulated by dam at Indianford. Gage-height telemeter at station. 

EXTREMES FOR PERIOD OF RECORD.--Maximum recorded gage height, 12.23 ft, Apr. 25, 1993; minimum 

recorded, 5.10 ft, Dec. 28, 29, 1999. 

EXTREMES FOR CURRENT YEAR.--Maximum recorded gage height, 8.17 ft, Apr. 16; minimum recorded gage 

height, 5.40 ft, Jan. 27. 

GAGE HEIGHT, FEET 

WATER YEAR OCTOBER 2005 TO SEPTEMBER 2006 

DAILY MEAN VALUES 

Day Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep 

1 6.20 5.77 5.73 5.75 6.00 5.52 7.15 6.78 7.71 6.35 6.23 6.28 

2 6.21 5.75 5.73 5.83 6.09 5.51 7.08 6.79 7.68 6.31 6.22 6.30 

3 6.23 5.75 5.74 5.95 6.15 5.49 7.20 6.76 7.65 6.30 6.20 6.31 

4 6.24 5.75 5.76 6.06 6.18 5.48 7.20 6.76 7.60 6.33 6.17 6.35 

5 6.24 5.79 5.75 6.13 6.20 5.47 7.23 6.74 7.51 6.25 6.12 6.32 

6 6.27 6.03 5.74 6.14 6.18 5.47 7.28 6.69 7.42 6.17 6.13 6.20 

7 6.23 6.03 5.72 6.17 6.13 5.47 7.41 6.63 7.35 6.20 6.14 6.19 

8 6.20 6.05 5.71 6.17 6.09 5.49 7.55 6.56 7.23 6.21 6.11 6.20 

9 6.18 6.13 5.70 6.20 6.04 5.62 7.70 6.51 7.09 6.22 6.09 6.19 

10 6.17 6.02 5.68 6.30 5.99 5.82 7.84 6.49 6.94 6.20 6.09 6.18 

11 6.16 5.97 5.66 6.40 5.95 6.06 7.92 6.62 6.80 6.19 6.09 6.20 

12 6.16 5.92 5.64 6.47 5.89 6.31 8.04 6.65 6.67 6.23 6.11 6.32 

13 6.16 5.99 5.62 6.51 5.81 6.70 8.07 6.70 6.52 6.27 6.07 6.64 

14 6.17 5.90 5.64 6.53 5.74 7.05 8.09 6.83 6.40 6.36 6.08 6.84 

15 6.18 5.91 5.66 6.53 5.71 7.26 8.08 7.00 6.30 6.40 6.09 6.95 

16 6.13 5.97 5.67 6.53 5.71 7.47 8.05 7.19 6.23 6.32 6.09 7.01 

17 6.10 5.87 5.68 6.52 5.66 7.62 8.03 7.35 6.18 6.23 6.11 7.08 

18 6.07 5.78 5.68 6.51 5.64 7.70 7.96 7.51 6.28 6.14 6.13 7.11 

19 6.04 5.77 5.68 6.46 5.62 7.74 7.90 7.59 6.38 6.13 6.16 7.10 

20 5.97 5.78 5.68 6.33 5.60 7.74 7.85 7.67 6.27 6.20 6.10 7.04 

21 5.93 5.80 5.67 6.19 5.57 7.72 7.78 7.72 6.31 6.22 6.06 6.96 

22 5.91 5.76 5.66 6.04 5.56 7.70 7.73 7.71 6.33 6.24 6.07 6.88 

23 5.89 5.75 5.66 5.89 5.54 7.66 7.64 7.69 6.25 6.24 6.08 6.81 

24 5.87 5.81 5.65 5.75 5.56 7.63 7.54 7.67 6.26 6.25 6.30 6.75 

25 5.82 5.62 5.65 5.61 5.56 7.58 7.41 7.78 6.29 6.25 6.29 6.65 

26 5.78 5.60 5.65 5.49 5.56 7.51 7.27 7.81 6.36 6.27 6.25 6.54 

27 5.77 5.59 5.65 5.43 5.55 7.43 7.15 7.79 6.29 6.29 6.28 6.46 

28 5.76 5.63 5.66 5.43 5.54 7.38 7.02 7.78 6.31 6.30 6.32 6.35 

29 5.75 5.68 5.68 5.55 --- 7.29 6.87 7.75 6.39 6.26 6.35 6.23 

30 5.75 5.71 5.69 5.69 --- 7.20 6.81 7.74 6.38 6.25 6.29 6.18 

31 5.77 --- 5.72 5.86 --- 7.19 --- 7.74 --- 6.25 6.28 --- 

Mean 6.04 5.83 5.68 6.08 5.82 6.75 7.56 7.19 6.71 6.25 6.16 6.55 

Max 6.27 6.13 5.76 6.53 6.20 7.74 8.09 7.81 7.71 6.40 6.35 7.11 

Min 5.75 5.59 5.62 5.43 5.54 5.47 6.81 6.49 6.18 6.13 6.06 6.18 
71 

432255088134700 LITTLE CEDAR LAKE, NORTH SITE, NEAR WEST BEND, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 43°22'55", long 88°13'47", in NW 1⁄4 NE 1⁄4 sec.33, T.11 N., R.19 E., Washington County, 

04040003, 2.6 mi southwest of West Bend. 

PERIOD OF RECORD.--February 1997 to August 1999, February 2003 to current year. REMARKS.--Lake sampled at center of northern basin at deep hole. Lake ice-covered during February s

quality analyses done by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, FEBRUARY 23 TO AUGUST 30, 2006 

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated) 

 Chloro-  Specif. pH, phyll a  Trans- conduc- water, wat unf Phos-  parency Sam- Temper- tance, unfltrd Dis- trichr. phorus, Sam-  Secchi pling ature, wat unf field, solved method, water, pling  Date Time disc, depth, water, uS/cm std oxygen, uncorr, unfltrd method,  meters meters deg C 25 degC units mg/L ug/L mg/L code  (00078) (00098) (00010) (00095) (00400) (00300) (32210) (00665) (82398)  FEB 2006  23... 1035 -- .50 1.8 534 8.0 12.3 -- .013 50  23... 1042 -- 7.0 4.7 585 7.3 .0 -- .018 50  APR  13... 1305 -- .50 11.2 514 8.3 12.3 13.0 .023 50  13... 1312 -- 7.0 6.9 519 7.6 7.8 -- .030 50  13... 1315 2.20 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  JUN  14... 1245 -- .50 21.4 523 8.5 10.7 6.68 .017 50  14... 1258 -- 7.0 12.7 559 7.5 .2 -- .039 50  14... 1300 3.85 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  JUL  26... 1545 -- .50 26.4 503 8.6 7.9 16.2 .032 50  26... 1555 -- 7.5 13.7 571 7.1 .1 -- .052 50  26... 1600 1.30 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  AUG  30... 1700 -- .50 23.4 507 8.6 8.7 27.4 .030 50  30... 1710 -- 7.0 14.8 608 7.0 .0 -- .047 50  30... 1715 1.10 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 
0 10 20 30

86420

0 10 20

SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELSIUS

02-23-06 04-13-06

0 10 20 30

86420

0 10 20

0 10 20 30

86420

0 10 20

06-14-06

DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

0 10 

86420

0 

0 10 20 30

86420

0 10 20

07-26-06 08-

450 500 550 600 650

86420

6 7 8 9 10

450 500 550 600 650

86420

6 7 8 9 10

WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELSIUS

450 500 550 600 650

86420

6 7 8 9 10

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS

450 500 550 600 650

86420

6 7 8 9 10

450 500 

86420

6 7 

W.T.

D.O.

S.C.

pH

DEPTH, IN METERS DEPTH, IN METERS

432255088134700 LITTLE CEDAR LAKE, NORTH SITE, NEAR WEST BEND, WI

LAKE-DEPTH PROFILES, FEBRUARY 23 TO AUGUST 30, 2006 

72 
73 

 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 20

30

40

50

60

70

Total Phosphorus

Chlorophyll a

Secchi depth

Eutrophic

 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 0

10

20

30

40

50

60

CHLOROPHYLL a CONCENTRATION, IN MICROGRAMS PER LITER SECCHI DEPTH, IN METERS TROPHIC STATE INDEX

 Surface total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths,

and TSI data for Little Cedar Lake, North Site, near West Bend, Wisconsin.

Mesotrophic

Oligotrophic

0.00

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.07

0.08

0.09

 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

TOTAL PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATION, IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER
74 

432249088134500 LITTLE CEDAR LAKE, SOUTH SITE, NEAR WEST BEND, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 43°22'49", long 88°13'45", in NW 1⁄4 SE 1⁄4 sec.33, T.11 N., R.19 E., Washington County, 

04040003, 2.8 mi southwest of West Bend. 

PERIOD OF RECORD.--February 1997 to August 1999, February 2003 to current year. REMARKS.--Lake sampled in southern basin at deep hole. Lake ice-covered during February sampling. 

analyses done by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene. 

WATER-QUALITY DATA, FEBRUARY 23 TO AUGUST 30, 2006 

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated) 

 Chloro- Ortho-  Specif. pH, phyll a phos- Total  Trans- conduc- water, wat unf Phos- phate, nitro-  parency Sam- Temper- tance, unfltrd Dis- trichr. phorus, water, gen,  Secchi pling ature, wat unf field, solved method, water, fltrd, water,  Date Time disc, depth, water, uS/cm std oxygen, uncorr, unfltrd mg/L unfltrd  meters meters deg C 25 degC units mg/L ug/L mg/L as P mg/L  (00078) (00098) (00010) (00095) (00400) (00300) (32210) (00665) (00671) (00600)  FEB 2006  23... 1000 -- .50 2.8 518 8.2 11.3 -- .030 -- --  23... 1017 -- 16.5 4.7 670 6.9 .0 -- .355 -- --  APR  13... 1240 -- .50 10.1 509 8.1 11.9 5.39 .033 .008 .84  13... 1256 -- 16.0 6.5 509 7.8 10.1 -- .029 -- --  13... 1300 2.90 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  JUN  14... 1210 -- .50 21.3 517 8.5 10.6 8.57 .025 -- --  14... 1220 4.65 8.0 10.9 540 7.6 1.0 -- -- -- --  14... 1225 -- 16.5 7.0 565 7.4 .2 -- .238 -- --  JUL  26... 1505 -- .50 26.4 493 8.6 8.6 13.9 .029 <.002 --  26... 1516 -- 16.0 7.2 544 7.2 .1 -- .247 -- --  26... 1520 1.55 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  AUG  30... 1630 -- 16.0 7.5 564 7.3 .0 -- .183 -- --  30... 1635 1.30 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  30... 1710 -- .50 23.3 490 8.6 9.7 17.3 .020 -- -- 
75 

432249088134500 LITTLE CEDAR LAKE, SOUTH SITE, NEAR WEST BEND, WI

WATER-QUALITY DATA, FEBRUARY 23 TO AUGUST 30, 2006--CONTINUED 

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated) 

 ANC, Residue  wat unf on  fixed Chlor- Mangan- evap.  Sam- end pt, ide, Sulfate Silica, Iron, ese, at Sam-  pling lab, water, water, water, water, water, 180degC pling  Date depth, mg/L as fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, wat flt method,  meters CaCO3 mg/L mg/L mg/L ug/L ug/L mg/L code  (00098) (00417) (00940) (00945) (00955) (01046) (01056) (70300) (82398)  FEB 2006  23... .50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50  23... 16.5 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50  APR  13... .50 183 46.7 19.5 1.31 <100 M 284 50  13... 16.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50  13... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  JUN  14... .50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50  14... 8.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  14... 16.5 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50  JUL  26... .50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50  26... 16.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50  26... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  AUG  30... 16.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50  30... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  30... .50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50 
0 

181512

9630

0 

0 10 20 30

181512

9630

0 10 20

06-14-06

DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

0 10 20 30

181512

9630

0 10 20

SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CEL

02-23-06 04-13-06

0 10 20 30

181512

9630

0 10 20

07-26-06 

0 10 20 30

181512

9630

0 10 20

450 500 550 600 650

181512

9630

6 7 8 9 10

450 500 550 600 650

181512

9630

6 7 8 9 10

WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELSIUS

450 500 550 600 650

181512

9630

6 7 8 9 10

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS

450 500 550 600 650

181512

9630

6 7 8 9 10

450 

181512

9630

6 

W.T.

D.O.

S.C.

pH

DEPTH, IN METERS DEPTH, IN METERS

432249088134500 LITTLE CEDAR LAKE, SOUTH SITE, NEAR WEST BEND, WI

LAKE-DEPTH PROFILES, FEBRUARY 23 TO AUGUST 30, 2006 

76 
 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 20

30

40

50

60

70

Total Phosphorus

Chlorophyll a

Secchi depth Eutrophic

 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 0

10

20

30

40

50

60

 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 0.00

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.07

0.08

0.09

CHLOROPHYLL a CONCENTRATION, IN MICROGRAMS PER LITER SECCHI DEPTH, IN METERS TROPHIC STATE INDEX

 Surface total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths,

and TSI data for Little Cedar Lake, South Site, near West Bend, Wisconsin.

Mesotrophic

TOTAL PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATION, IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

Oligotrophic

77 
78 

05428000 LAKE MENDOTA AT MADISON, WI 

LOCATION.--Lat 43°05′42′′, long 89°22′12′′ referenced to North American Datum of 1927, in NW 1⁄4 SE 1⁄4 

sec.12, T.7 N., R.9 E., Dane County, WI, Hydrologic Unit 07090001, in county boat house at dam at 

outlet, in Madison. 

DRAINAGE AREA.--233 mi2 of which 36.6 mi2 probably is noncontributing, Area of Lake Mendota, 15.2 

mi2. 

PERIOD OF RECORD.--January 1916 to January 1985 (incomplete), February 1985 to current year. 

REVISED RECORDS.--WDR WI-73-1: Drainage area. 

GAGE.--Water-stage recorder. Datum of gage is 840.00 ft above NGVD of 1929, or 5.60 ft below City 

of Madison datum. Prior to Oct. 1, 1979, at datum 7.82 ft higher; prior to Nov. 15, 1971, 

nonrecording gage at same site at the higher datum. 

REMARKS.--Lake level regulated by concrete dam with two 12-foot gates and 20-foot lock at outlet. 

Gage-height telemeter at station. 

EXTREMES FOR PERIOD OF RECORD.--Maximum gage height observed, 12.75 ft, June 5, 2000; minimum 

observed, 8.02 ft, Feb. 24 to Mar. 10, 1920, current datum. 

EXTREMES FOR CURRENT YEAR.--Maximum recorded gage height, 10.52 ft, Sept. 17; minimum recorded, 

8.43 ft, Dec. 26. 

 GAGE HEIGHT, FEET 

 WATER YEAR OCTOBER 2005 TO SEPTEMBER 2006 

 DAILY MEAN VALUES 

Day Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep 

1 9.64 9.58 8.98 8.50 8.87 9.03 9.52 9.92 10.28 9.92 9.93 10.12 

2 9.65 9.54 8.94 8.55 8.88 9.03 9.54 9.99 10.26 9.90 9.93 10.11 

3 9.65 9.50 8.90 8.60 8.89 9.04 9.69 10.01 10.22 9.89 9.91 10.10 

4 9.66 9.47 8.89 8.62 8.91 9.04 9.70 10.02 10.20 9.88 9.87 10.15 

5 9.67 9.45 8.81 8.64 8.91 9.06 9.71 10.02 10.16 9.85 9.84 10.16 

6 9.69 9.54 8.75 8.64 8.91 9.09 9.72 10.0 10.14 9.83 9.86 10.16 

7 9.64 9.50 8.73 8.65 8.90 9.09 9.83 9.99 10.14 9.81 9.88 10.15 

8 9.62 9.47 8.72 8.66 8.91 9.12 9.87 9.98 10.11 9.78 9.86 10.14 

9 9.61 9.48 8.70 8.66 8.90 9.20 9.89 9.98 10.06 9.77 9.84 10.12 

10 9.61 9.39 8.67 8.66 8.91 9.23 9.90 10.02 10.06 9.73 9.84 10.09 

11 9.61 9.36 8.63 8.66 8.92 9.26 9.89 10.07 10.03 9.79 9.81 10.14 

12 9.62 9.32 8.60 8.66 8.92 9.30 9.93 10.09 10.01 9.89 9.78 10.29 

13 9.63 9.34 8.56 8.67 8.91 9.38 9.92 10.09 9.99 9.89 9.74 10.41 

14 9.63 9.26 8.54 8.66 8.92 9.40 9.92 10.11 9.98 9.89 9.74 10.45 

15 9.63 9.27 8.56 8.66 8.93 9.40 9.91 10.12 9.97 9.88 9.70 10.47 

16 9.62 9.32 8.56 8.67 8.99 9.43 9.93 10.14 9.95 9.86 9.68 10.46 

17 9.62 9.25 8.54 8.67 9.00 9.44 9.98 10.17 9.92 9.85 9.66 10.47 

18 9.62 9.21 8.53 8.67 9.00 9.44 9.96 10.20 9.92 9.82 9.67 10.46 

19 9.62 9.18 8.51 8.68 9.00 9.44 9.96 10.18 9.92 9.79 9.67 10.44 

20 9.61 9.17 8.50 8.69 9.00 9.44 9.94 10.17 9.88 9.86 9.65 10.40 

21 9.60 9.14 8.49 8.70 9.00 9.45 9.92 10.15 9.86 9.86 9.63 10.38 

22 9.61 9.10 8.48 8.70 9.01 9.43 9.92 10.13 9.85 9.85 9.63 10.38 

23 9.60 9.10 8.47 8.71 9.01 9.43 9.89 10.11 9.83 9.85 9.62 10.40 

24 9.59 9.12 8.47 8.71 9.01 9.44 9.87 10.12 9.80 9.83 9.78 10.42 

25 9.58 9.00 8.48 8.72 9.01 9.44 9.84 10.27 9.80 9.81 9.97 10.40 

26 9.58 8.97 8.47 8.71 9.01 9.44 9.81 10.31 9.90 9.81 10.12 10.38 

27 9.58 8.96 8.48 8.71 9.02 9.44 9.78 10.31 9.95 9.87 10.14 10.39 

28 9.57 8.99 8.48 8.73 9.02 9.45 9.76 10.30 9.96 9.97 10.15 10.37 

29 9.58 9.00 8.48 8.81 --- 9.45 9.75 10.28 9.95 9.97 10.16 10.34 

30 9.58 8.97 8.49 8.85 --- 9.45 9.85 10.28 9.93 9.96 10.16 10.34 

31 9.59 --- 8.49 8.86 --- 9.50 --- 10.29 --- 9.95 10.14 --- 

Mean 9.62 9.27 8.61 8.68 8.95 9.32 9.84 10.12 10.00 9.86 9.85 10.30 

Max 9.69 9.58 8.98 8.86 9.02 9.50 9.98 10.31 10.28 9.97 10.16 10.47 

Min 9.57 8.96 8.47 8.50 8.87 9.03 9.52 9.92 9.80 9.73 9.62 10.09 
79 

 

430251088284700 MIDDLE GENESEE LAKE, AT GENESEE LAKE ROAD, NEAR OCONOMOWOC, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 43°02'51", long 88°28'47", in SW 1⁄4 SW 1⁄4 SW 1⁄4 sec.22, T. 7 N., R.17 E., Waukesha 

County, Hydrologic Unit 07090001, at the southwest side of the lake about 2 miles south of 

Oconomowoc. 

DRAINAGE AREA.--Unknown. Area of Middle Genesee Lake is 0.17 mi2

. 

PERIOD OF RECORD.--April 1996 to current year. 

GAGE.--Staff gage. Local observer, Tom Schubring provided most readings of gage. Datum of gage is 

about 0.0 ft above NGVD of 1929. 

EXTREMES FOR THE PERIOD OF RECORD.--Maximum observed gage height, 867.18 ft, June 13, 2001; minimum 

observed, 863.88 ft, Oct. 31, 2005. 

EXTREMES FOR CURRENT YEAR.--Maximum observed gage height, 866.65 ft, June 30; minimum observed, 

863.89 ft, Oct. 31. 

GAGE HEIGHT, FEET 

WATER YEAR OCTOBER 2005 TO SEPTEMBER 2006

Date Gage Height, ft Date Gage Height, ft 

October 4 864.27 June 13 866.43 

12 864.23 13 866.45 

18 864.05 19 866.55 

21 864.01 21 866.61 

26 863.99 30 866.65 

31 863.88 July 5 866.61 

November 10 864.05 8 866.53 

17 864.07 14 866.47 

30 864.01 19 866.41 

April 13 865.37 26 866.33 

14 865.39 28 866.45 

21 865.49 August 3 866.33 

May 7 865.73 9 866.27 

14 865.97 15 866.13 

20 866.09 22 865.99 

25 866.21 26 866.17 

31 866.49 September 20 866.09 

June 1 866.49 29 865.97 
80 

430309088284800 MIDDLE GENESEE LAKE NEAR OCONOMOWOC, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 43°03'09", long 88°28'48", in NW 1⁄4 SW 1⁄4 sec.22, T.7 N., R.17 E., Waukesha County, Hyd

07090001, 1.8 mi south of Oconomowoc. 

PERIOD OF RECORD.--February 1996 to September 2006 (discontinued). REMARKS.--Lake sampled near center at the deep hole. Lake ice-covered during February sampling. Wa

done by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene. 

WATER-QUALITY DATA, FEBRUARY 22 TO AUGUST 23, 2006 

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated) 

 Chloro- Ortho-  Specif. pH, phyll a phos-  Trans- conduc- water, wat unf Phos- phate,  parency Sam- Temper- tance, unfltrd Dis- trichr. phorus, water,  Gage Secchi pling ature, wat unf field, solved method, water, fltrd,  Date Time height, disc, depth, water, uS/cm std oxygen, uncorr, unfltrd mg/L  feet meters meters deg C 25 degC units mg/L ug/L mg/L as P  (00065) (00078) (00098) (00010) (00095) (00400) (00300) (32210) (00665) (00671)  FEB 2006  22... 1335 -- -- .50 4.4 428 8.2 14.0 -- .014 --  22... 1346 -- -- 11.0 5.4 518 7.2 .0 -- .021 --  APR  12... 1305 -- -- .50 10.2 424 8.1 11.3 1.87 .012 .006  12... 1317 -- -- 11.5 7.5 423 8.1 11.2 -- .016 --  12... 1320 865.34 5.30 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  JUN  12... 1915 -- -- .50 21.7 440 8.2 9.7 1.54 .015 --  12... 1927 -- -- 12.0 13.7 471 7.6 .6 -- .034 --  12... 1928 -- 4.55 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  JUL  13... 1600 -- -- .50 27.6 424 8.5 8.8 3.29 .034 --  13... 1612 -- -- 11.5 13.8 474 7.4 .1 -- .048 --  13... 1615 -- 3.25 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  AUG  23... 1700 -- -- .50 25.6 409 8.7 10.1 3.23 .018 --  23... 1714 -- -- 11.5 14.0 529 7.3 .1 -- .049 --  23... 1715 -- 2.50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 
81 

430309088284800 MIDDLE GENESEE LAKE NEAR OCONOMOWOC, WI

WATER-QUALITY DATA, FEBRUARY 22 TO AUGUST 23, 2006--CONTINUED 

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated) 

 Ammonia Nitrite Appar-  + + ent  Ammonia org-N, nitrate color, Hard- Magnes- Potas-  Sam- water, water, water water, ness, Calcium ium, Sodium, sium,  pling fltrd, unfltrd fltrd, Tur- unfltrd water, water, water, water, water,  Date depth, mg/L mg/L mg/L bidity, Pt-Co mg/L as fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, fltrd,  meters as N as N as N NTU units CaCO3 mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L  (00098) (00608) (00625) (00631) (00076) (00081) (00900) (00915) (00925) (00930) (00935)  FEB 2006  22... .50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  22... 11.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  APR  12... .50 .209 .83 .055 <1.0 5 190 30.0 27.1 13.8 2.00  12... 11.5 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  12... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  JUN  12... .50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  12... 12.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  12... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  JUL  13... .50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  13... 11.5 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  13... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  AUG  23... .50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  23... 11.5 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  23... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 
82 

430309088284800 MIDDLE GENESEE LAKE NEAR OCONOMOWOC, WI

WATER-QUALITY DATA, FEBRUARY 22 TO AUGUST 23, 2006--CONTINUED 

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated) 

 ANC, Residue  wat unf on  fixed Chlor- Mangan- evap.  Sam- end pt, ide, Sulfate Silica, Iron, ese, at Sam-  pling lab, water, water, water, water, water, 180degC pling  Date depth, mg/L as fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, wat flt method,  meters CaCO3 mg/L mg/L mg/L ug/L ug/L mg/L code  (00098) (00417) (00940) (00945) (00955) (01046) (01056) (70300) (82398)  FEB 2006  22... .50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50  22... 11.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50  APR  12... .50 161 31.0 15.6 3.63 <100 <.5 226 50  12... 11.5 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50  12... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  JUN  12... .50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50  12... 12.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50  12... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  JUL  13... .50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50  13... 11.5 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50  13... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  AUG  23... .50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50  23... 11.5 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50  23... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 
0 10 

1210

86420

0 10 

0 10 20 30

1210

86420

0 10 20

0 10 20 30

1210

86420

0 10 20

SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELSIUS

2-22-06 4-12-06

0 10 20 30

1210

86420

0 10 20

6-12-06

DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

0 10 20 30

1210

86420

0 10 20

7-13-06 8-23-0

400 450 500 550

1210

86420

6 7 8 9 10

400 450 500 550

1210

86420

6 7 8 9 10

WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELSIUS

400 450 500 550

1210

86420

6 7 8 9 10

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS

400 450 500 550

1210

86420

6 7 8 9 10

400 450 

1210

86420

6 7 8 

W.T.

D.O.

S.C. pH

DEPTH, IN METERS DEPTH, IN METERS

430309088284800 MIDDLE GENESEE LAKE NEAR OCONOMOWOC, WI

LAKE-DEPTH PROFILES, FEBRUARY 22 TO AUGUST 23, 2006 

83 
84 

 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 10

20

30

40

50

60

Total Phosphorus

Chlorophyll a

Secchi depth

 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

CHLOROPHYLL a CONCENTRATION, IN MICROGRAMS PER LITER SECCHI DEPTH, IN METERS TROPHIC STATE INDEX

Surface total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths,

and TSI data for Middle Genesee Lake, near Oconomowoc, Wisconsin.

(Open circles on the first two plots indicate laboratory detection limit for selected analyses.

 Actual concentrations for these particular analyses are less than the plotted circles.)

Eutrophic

Mesotrophic

Oligotrophic

 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 0.00

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

TOTAL PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATION, IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER
85 

455214089412800 MINOCQUA LAKE, DEEP HOLE, AT MINOCQUA, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 45°52'14", long 89°41'28", in SE 1⁄4 SW 1⁄4 NW 1⁄4 sec.13, T.39 N., R.6 E., Oneida County, 

07070001, at Minocqua. 

PERIOD OF RECORD.—May to September 2003, April to September 2006. REMARKS.--Lake sampled near center at the deep hole. Water-quality analyses done by Wisconsin State 

Hygiene. 

WATER-QUALITY DATA, APRIL 25 TO SEPTEMBER 14, 2006 

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated) 

 Chloro-  Specif. pH, phyll a  Trans- conduc- water, wat unf Phos-  parency Sam- Temper- tance, unfltrd Dis- trichr. phorus, Sam-  Gage Secchi pling ature, wat unf field, solved method, water, pling  Date Time height, disc, depth, water, uS/cm std oxygen, uncorr, unfltrd method,  feet meters meters deg C 25 degC units mg/L ug/L mg/L code  (00065) (00078) (00098) (00010) (00095) (00400) (00300) (32210) (00665) (82398)  APR 2006  25... 1315 -- -- .50 8.4 126 7.8 11.3 9.80 .020 50  25... 1335 -- -- 14.5 7.2 126 7.4 8.6 -- .019 50  25... 1340 1583.92 2.60 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  MAY  16... 1145 -- -- .50 10.3 132 8.0 10.6 9.41 .020 50  16... 1210 -- -- 13.5 9.3 132 7.6 8.6 -- .026 50  16... 1215 1583.86 2.50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  JUN  16... 1230 -- -- .50 21.5 124 8.4 9.3 4.08 .014 50  16... 1244 -- -- 14.0 10.1 130 7.3 .2 -- .086 50  16... 1300 1583.93 3.30 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  JUL  18... 1000 1583.85 3.25 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  18... 1004 -- -- .50 25.4 118 8.5 9.1 2.56 .016 50  18... 1022 -- -- 14.5 9.9 143 7.1 .1 -- .109 50  AUG  23... 1625 -- -- .50 23.1 129 8.2 9.6 5.36 .017 50  23... 1645 1584.00 2.90 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  23... 1651 -- -- 8.0 14.1 129 7.1 .2 -- .022 50  23... 1715 -- -- 15.0 9.5 197 7.2 .1 -- .378 50  SEP  14... 1148 -- -- .50 18.6 121 8.0 8.6 6.91 .016 50  14... 1212 -- -- 10.5 11.0 130 7.0 .1 -- .028 50  14... 1225 -- -- 14.0 9.7 168 7.1 .1 -- .289 50  14... 1245 1583.81 2.10 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 
455214089412800 MINOCQUA LAKE, DEEP HOLE, AT MINOCQUA, WI

LAKE-DEPTH PROFILES, APRIL 25 TO JUNE 16, 2006 

0 10 20 30

1510

50

0 10 20

SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELS

4-25-06

60 94 128 162 196 230

1510

50

6 7 8 9 10

60 94 

1510

50

6 7 

60 94 128 162 196 230

1510

50

6 7 8 9 10

WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELSIUS

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS

0 

1510

50

0 

W.T.

D.O.

S.C.

pH

0 10 20 30

1510

50

0 10 20

DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

5-16-06

DEPTH, IN METERS DEPTH, IN METERS

86 
87 

455214089412800 MINOCQUA LAKE, DEEP HOLE, AT MINOCQUA, WI

LAKE-DEPTH PROFILES, JULY 18 TO SEPTEMBER 14, 2006 

0 10 20 30

1510

50

0 10 20

SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELS

7-18-06

60 94 128 162 196 230

1510

50

6 7 8 9 10

60 94 

1510

50

6 7 

60 94 128 162 196 230

1510

50

6 7 8 9 10

WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELSIUS

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS

0 

1510

50

0 

W.T.

D.O.

S.C. pH

0 10 20 30

1510

50

0 10 20

DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

8-23-06

DEPTH, IN METERS DEPTH, IN METERS
TOTAL PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATION,

 IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

 2003 2004 2005 2006 20

30

40

50

60

70

Total Phosphorus

Chlorophyll a

Secchi depth

Eutrophic

Oligotrophic

 2003 2004 2005 2006 5

4

3

2

1

0

 2003 2004 2005 2006 0

10

20

30

40

50

CHLOROPHYLL a CONCENTRATION, IN MICROGRAMS PER LITER SECCHI DEPTH, IN METERS TROPHIC STATE INDEX

 Surface total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths,

and TSI data for Minocqua Lake, Deep Hole, at Minocqua, Wisconsin.

Mesotrophic

0.00

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.07

0.08

0.09

0.10

 2003 2004 2005 2006

88 
89 

455232089424100 MINOCQUA LAKE, NORTH BAY, AT MINOCQUA, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 45°52'32", long 89°42'41", in NE 1⁄4 NW 1⁄4 NW 1⁄4 sec.14, T.39 N., R.6 E., Oneida County, 

07070001, at Minocqua. 

PERIOD OF RECORD.—May to September 2003, April to September 2006. REMARKS.--Lake sampled in the north bay. Water-quality analyses done by Wisconsin State Laboratory 

WATER-QUALITY DATA, APRIL 25 TO SEPTEMBER 14, 2006 

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated) 

 Chloro-  Specif. pH, phyll a  Trans- conduc- water, wat unf Phos-  parency Sam- Temper- tance, unfltrd Dis- trichr. phorus, Sam-  Gage Secchi pling ature, wat unf field, solved method, water, pling  Date Time height, disc, depth, water, uS/cm std oxygen, uncorr, unfltrd method,  feet meters meters deg C 25 degC units mg/L ug/L mg/L code  (00065) (00078) (00098) (00010) (00095) (00400) (00300) (32210) (00665) (82398)  APR 2006  25... 1100 -- -- .50 9.3 144 8.0 11.1 13.1 .028 50  25... 1115 -- -- 8.5 6.5 162 7.0 1.4 -- .039 50  25... 1120 1583.92 2.00 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  MAY  16... 1055 -- -- .50 10.8 149 7.9 9.7 2.81 .026 50  16... 1110 -- -- 8.0 9.9 143 7.7 9.1 -- .039 50  16... 1115 1583.86 3.50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  JUN  16... 1115 -- -- .50 21.2 137 8.2 9.4 2.25 .016 50  16... 1126 -- -- 7.5 12.9 149 7.7 .6 -- .034 50  16... 1145 1583.93 4.10 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  JUL  18... 0840 1583.85 3.00 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  18... 0846 -- -- .50 25.5 133 8.5 9.0 3.83 .022 50  18... 0858 -- -- 8.5 12.9 179 7.2 .2 -- .055 50  AUG  23... 1440 -- -- .50 23.5 145 8.8 10.6 22.5 .020 50  23... 1455 -- -- 8.5 14.1 245 7.3 .1 -- .202 50  23... 1510 1584.00 1.50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  SEP  14... 1105 -- -- .50 18.2 138 7.8 7.2 18.3 .027 50  14... 1126 -- -- 8.0 15.5 237 7.3 .3 -- .107 50  14... 1130 1583.81 1.60 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 
 2003 2004 2005 2006 20

30

40

50

60

70

Total Phosphorus

Chlorophyll a

Secchi depth

Eutrophic

Oligotrophic

 2003 2004 2005 2006 5

4

3

2

1

0

 2003 2004 2005 2006 0

10

20

30

40

50

 2003 2004 2005 2006 0.00

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.07

0.08

0.09

0.10

CHLOROPHYLL a CONCENTRATION, IN MICROGRAMS PER LITER SECCHI DEPTH, IN METERS TROPHIC STATE INDEX

 Surface total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths,

and TSI data for Minocqua Lake, North Bay, at Minocqua, Wisconsin.

Mesotrophic

TOTAL PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATION, IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

90 
05429000 LAKE MONONA AT MADISON, WI 

LOCATION.--Lat 43°03′48′′, long 89°23′49′′ referenced to North American Datum of 1927, in SE 1⁄4 SW 1⁄4 

sec.23, T.7 N., R.9 E., Dane County, WI, Hydrologic Unit 07090001, in Brittingham Park, in 

Madison. 

DRAINAGE AREA.--279 mi2 of which 36.6 mi2 probably is noncontributing, Area of Lake Monona, 5.3 

mi2. 

PERIOD OF RECORD.--September 1915 to current year (fragmentary) in reports of the Geological 

Survey. For 1856 to March 1917 in reports of Wisconsin Railroad Commission, volume 19. 

REVISED RECORDS.--WSP 1338: Lake area. WDR WI-73-1: Drainage area. 

GAGE.--Water-stage recorder. Datum of gage is 840.00 ft above NGVD of 1929, or 5.60 ft below City 

of Madison datum. Prior to Oct. 1, 1979, datum 3.61 ft higher; prior to Nov. 15, 1971, 

nonrecording gage at same site at the higher datum. 

REMARKS.--Lake level regulated by concrete dam with four 12-foot stop-log sections and 12-foot lock 

at outlet of Lake Waubesa. Gage-height telemeter at station. 

EXTREMES FOR PERIOD OF RECORD.--Maximum gage height observed, 7.48 ft, June 14, 15, 2000; minimum 

observed, 3.22 ft, Jan. 20, 1965, current datum. 

EXTREMES FOR CURRENT YEAR.--Maximum recorded gage height, 5.92 ft, Sept. 14-15; minimum recorded, 

3.68 ft, Mar. 3-5. 

91 
GAGE HEIGHT, FEET 

WATER YEAR OCTOBER 2005 TO SEPTEMBER 2006 

DAILY MEAN VALUES 

Day Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep 

1 4.73 4.46 4.61 3.99 3.81 3.69 4.19 5.26 5.17 5.19 5.42 5.82 

2 4.72 4.53 4.56 4.02 3.81 3.69 4.23 5.26 5.15 5.16 5.38 5.79 

3 4.73 4.59 4.57 4.05 3.80 3.69 4.34 5.23 5.14 5.15 5.36 5.76 

4 4.72 4.63 4.59 4.04 3.79 3.69 4.37 5.17 5.12 5.13 5.32 5.79 

5 4.71 4.68 4.58 4.03 3.77 3.69 4.40 5.11 5.10 5.10 5.30 5.77 

6 4.70 4.79 4.58 4.01 3.75 3.71 4.44 5.07 5.09 5.07 5.32 5.74 

7 4.67 4.85 4.59 4.00 3.74 3.71 4.61 5.03 5.08 5.04 5.34 5.72 

8 4.64 4.89 4.59 3.98 3.73 3.74 4.64 5.00 5.08 5.02 5.32 5.68 

9 4.62 4.89 4.61 3.96 3.73 3.86 4.66 4.97 5.07 5.00 5.30 5.65 

10 4.60 4.87 4.62 3.95 3.72 3.90 4.68 4.96 5.11 5.00 5.30 5.62 

11 4.59 4.87 4.62 3.94 3.72 3.93 4.71 4.90 5.11 5.11 5.29 5.65 

12 4.58 4.87 4.62 3.93 3.72 3.96 4.77 4.93 5.10 5.31 5.26 5.78 

13 4.58 4.83 4.61 3.92 3.71 4.02 4.84 4.94 5.09 5.35 5.24 5.89 

14 4.58 4.84 4.62 3.90 3.70 4.02 4.90 4.94 5.09 5.37 5.22 5.91 

15 4.56 4.85 4.59 3.90 3.69 4.04 4.93 4.91 5.10 5.36 5.17 5.91 

16 4.55 4.85 4.54 3.90 3.73 4.09 5.04 4.91 5.09 5.35 5.14 5.90 

17 4.55 4.83 4.47 3.87 3.74 4.09 5.16 4.91 5.10 5.34 5.12 5.88 

18 4.55 4.81 4.43 3.83 3.74 4.09 5.20 4.92 5.11 5.33 5.13 5.82 

19 4.54 4.79 4.40 3.81 3.74 4.09 5.23 4.90 5.11 5.31 5.12 5.76 

20 4.53 4.76 4.37 3.80 3.74 4.11 5.22 4.88 5.12 5.37 5.10 5.71 

21 4.52 4.71 4.33 3.79 3.73 4.10 5.21 4.86 5.12 5.37 5.08 5.68 

22 4.51 4.68 4.30 3.78 3.73 4.08 5.21 4.85 5.12 5.34 5.07 5.67 

23 4.50 4.65 4.27 3.77 3.72 4.09 5.19 4.84 5.11 5.34 5.07 5.63 

24 4.49 4.57 4.23 3.75 3.72 4.11 5.19 4.89 5.11 5.29 5.36 5.60 

25 4.48 4.54 4.20 3.73 3.71 4.11 5.18 5.12 5.13 5.27 5.66 5.55 

26 4.48 4.55 4.17 3.72 3.70 4.12 5.15 5.16 5.25 5.25 5.82 5.52 

27 4.47 4.56 4.15 3.71 3.70 4.14 5.14 5.18 5.26 5.39 5.84 5.48 

28 4.47 4.63 4.11 3.72 3.70 4.15 5.10 5.18 5.25 5.52 5.85 5.43 

29 4.47 4.64 4.09 3.80 --- 4.15 5.09 5.18 5.23 5.49 5.85 5.40 

30 4.47 4.62 4.07 3.82 --- 4.17 5.24 5.19 5.22 5.47 5.87 5.36 

31 4.47 --- 4.04 3.82 --- 4.20 --- 5.19 --- 5.45 5.86 --- 

Mean 4.57 4.72 4.42 3.88 3.74 3.98 4.88 5.03 5.13 5.27 5.37 5.70 

Max 4.73 4.89 4.62 4.05 3.81 4.20 5.24 5.26 5.26 5.52 5.87 5.91 

Min 4.47 4.46 4.04 3.71 3.69 3.69 4.19 4.84 5.07 5.00 5.07 5.36 

92 
425109088075000 MUSKEGO (BIG MUSKEGO) LAKE NEAR WIND LAKE, WI 

LOCATION.--Lat 42°51′09′′, long 88°07′50′′ referenced to North American Datum of 1927, in SE 1⁄4 NE 1⁄4 

sec.33, T.5 N., R.20 E., Waukesha County, WI, Hydrologic Unit 07120006, on right bank at dam 

outlet of Muskego Lake, 700 ft north of Muskego Dam Drive, 2 mi northeast of Wind Lake. 

DRAINAGE AREA.--33.9 mi2. 

PERIOD OF RECORD.--October 1987 to September 1989, January 1991 to September 2006 (discontinued). 

Prior to October 1993, published as Muskego Lake Outlet near Wind Lake, WI. October 1993 to 

September 2000, published as "Big Muskego Lake". 

REVISED RECORDS.---OFR 02-135: Drainage area. 

GAGE.--Water-stage recorder. Datum of gage is 760.00 ft above National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 

1929. October to December 1987 and January 1991 to September 1995, nonrecording gage at the same 

datum. December 1987 through September 1989, data collected using water-stage recorder at the 

same datum. 

REMARKS.--Lake levels regulated by concrete dam with one 5-ft lift gate. 

EXTREMES FOR PERIOD OF RECORD.--Maximum observed gage height, 12.60 ft, Oct. 7, 1991 and Aug. 8, 

1994; minimum instantaneous, less than 8.72 ft, July 12, 1996 to Feb. 18, 1997, due to drawdown 

of lake. 

EXTREMES FOR CURRENT YEAR.--Maximum observed gage-height, 12.43 ft, Apr. 7; minimum observed, 10.24 

ft, Nov. 13. 

93 
94 

 HEADWATER GAGE HEIGHT, FEET 

WATER YEAR OCTOBER 2005 TO SEPTEMBER 2006 

DAILY MEAN VALUES 

Day Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep 

1 10.46 10.60 11.03 11.27 11.84 11.71 11.78 11.77 11.86 11.64 11.69 11.64 

2 10.46 10.54 11.03 11.33 11.86 11.71 11.78 11.80 11.84 11.67 11.67 11.61 

3 10.44 10.57 11.03 11.35 11.87 11.70 12.00 11.77 11.82 11.66 11.74 11.59 

4 10.46 10.59 11.05 11.35 11.90 11.70 12.07 11.79 11.77 11.68 11.71 11.61 

5 10.43 10.71 11.07 11.35 11.87 11.70 12.13 11.78 11.74 11.65 11.68 11.64 

6 10.44 10.77 11.07 11.35 11.84 11.72 12.14 11.76 11.69 11.63 11.68 11.65 

7 10.54 10.71 11.07 11.35 11.84 11.72 12.31 11.73 11.72 11.61 11.70 11.65 

8 10.52 10.77 11.07 11.34 11.83 11.73 12.22 11.71 11.71 11.57 11.69 11.63 

9 10.48 10.72 11.07 11.34 11.81 11.85 12.16 11.71 11.74 11.57 11.66 11.69 

10 10.47 10.75 11.07 11.34 11.80 11.92 12.13 11.74 11.71 11.67 11.71 11.65 

11 10.46 10.74 11.07 11.34 11.80 11.95 12.06 11.80 11.67 11.66 11.69 11.66 

12 10.44 10.67 11.07 11.34 11.79 12.00 12.06 11.91 11.65 11.65 11.64 11.76 

13 10.43 10.45 11.07 11.41 11.78 12.15 12.04 11.97 11.62 11.62 11.61 11.89 

14 10.41 10.79 11.07 11.59 11.77 12.29 12.01 12.01 11.61 11.66 11.60 11.89 

15 10.42 10.84 11.07 11.62 11.77 12.30 12.00 12.04 11.59 11.67 11.59 11.89 

16 10.42 10.71 11.07 11.62 11.82 12.30 12.00 12.01 11.55 11.64 11.57 11.87 

17 10.38 10.86 11.07 11.62 11.81 12.25 11.97 12.00 11.52 11.61 11.56 11.86 

18 10.40 10.86 11.07 11.62 11.80 12.18 11.90 12.01 11.63 11.66 11.58 11.84 

19 10.46 10.87 11.07 11.61 11.80 12.11 11.85 11.98 11.70 11.60 11.57 11.84 

20 10.47 10.87 11.07 11.62 11.79 12.13 11.84 11.94 11.71 11.62 11.56 11.84 

21 10.51 10.88 11.07 11.64 11.77 12.05 11.81 11.95 11.71 11.65 11.52 11.82 

22 10.51 10.90 11.07 11.64 11.75 11.93 11.81 11.92 11.75 11.63 11.51 11.83 

23 10.59 10.89 11.07 11.64 11.75 11.89 11.81 11.88 11.78 11.62 11.51 11.83 

24 10.64 11.03 11.08 11.64 11.74 11.86 11.80 11.86 11.73 11.55 11.58 11.84 

25 10.64 11.04 11.11 11.64 11.73 11.84 11.86 11.91 11.73 11.56 11.63 11.80 

26 10.60 11.03 11.16 11.64 11.72 11.80 11.71 11.95 11.75 11.55 11.65 11.80 

27 10.59 10.98 11.18 11.64 11.72 11.78 11.74 11.91 11.73 11.64 11.66 11.79 

28 10.58 10.94 11.19 11.65 11.71 11.79 11.70 11.86 11.73 11.73 11.66 11.79 

29 10.56 10.88 11.20 11.77 --- 11.75 11.69 11.84 11.72 11.74 11.66 11.75 

30 10.54 11.01 11.22 11.82 --- 11.74 11.73 11.86 11.71 11.73 11.67 11.75 

31 10.60 --- 11.25 11.84 --- 11.63 --- 11.90 --- 11.71 11.65 --- 

Mean 10.50 10.80 11.09 11.53 11.80 11.91 11.94 11.87 11.71 11.64 11.63 11.76 

Max 10.64 11.04 11.25 11.84 11.90 12.30 12.31 12.04 11.86 11.74 11.74 11.89 

Min 10.38 10.45 11.03 11.27 11.71 11.63 11.69 11.71 11.52 11.55 11.51 11.59 
95 

430551088273500 OCONOMOWOC LAKE NO. 1 (CENTER) AT OCONOMOWOC, WI 

LOCATION.--Lat 43°05'51", long 88°27'35", in NW 1⁄4 SE 1⁄4 sec.2, T.7 N., R.17 E., Waukesha Coun

07090001, at Oconomowoc. 

PERIOD OF RECORD.--March 1986 to current year. REMARKS.--Lake sampled near center at the deep hole. Water-quality analyses done by Wisconsin 

Hygiene. 

WATER-QUALITY DATA, APRIL 10 TO AUGUST 29, 2006 

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated) 

 Chloro- Ortho-  Specif. pH, phyll a phos-  Trans- conduc- water, wat unf Phos- phate,  parency Sam- Temper- tance, unfltrd Dis- trichr. phorus, water,  Gage Secchi pling ature, wat unf field, solved method, water, fltrd,  Date Time height, disc, depth, water, uS/cm std oxygen, uncorr, unfltrd mg/L  feet meters meters deg C 25 degC units mg/L ug/L mg/L as P  (00065) (00078) (00098) (00010) (00095) (00400) (00300) (32210) (00665) (00671)  APR 2006  10... 1315 -- -- .50 6.6 550 8.2 11.8 .910 .009 <.002  10... 1333 -- -- 17.5 5.7 551 8.0 11.4 -- .008 --  10... 1340 8.06 6.80 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  JUN  13... 1500 -- -- .50 21.9 538 8.3 9.7 1.67 .018 --  13... 1518 -- -- 18.0 9.0 578 7.7 3.9 -- .023 --  13... 1520 8.22 6.45 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  JUL  25... 1330 -- -- .50 25.6 528 8.3 8.8 3.10 .027 --  25... 1344 -- -- 18.0 8.7 572 7.4 M -- .029 --  25... 1345 -- 2.30 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  AUG  29... 1745 -- -- .50 23.4 528 8.4 8.6 2.67 .016 --  29... 1759 -- -- 18.5 8.8 596 7.4 M -- .032 --  29... 1800 8.26 3.65 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  OCT  05... 1615 -- -- .50 16.4 534 8.4 9.5 2.76 .011 --  05... 1630 -- -- 18.5 9.2 584 7.4 .1 -- .030 --  05... 1635 -- 5.80 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 
96 

430551088273500 OCONOMOWOC LAKE NO. 1 (CENTER) AT OCONOMOWOC, WI 

WATER-QUALITY DATA, APRIL 10 TO AUGUST 29, 2006--CONTINUED 

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated) 

 Ammonia Nitrite Appar-  + + ent  Ammonia org-N, nitrate color, Hard- Magnes- Potas-  Sam- water, water, water water, ness, Calcium ium, Sodium, sium,  pling fltrd, unfltrd fltrd, Tur- unfltrd water, water, water, water, water,  Date depth, mg/L mg/L mg/L bidity, Pt-Co mg/L as fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, fltrd,  meters as N as N as N NTU units CaCO3 mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L  (00098) (00608) (00625) (00631) (00076) (00081) (00900) (00915) (00925) (00930) (00935)  APR 2006  10... .50 .036 .49 .180 <1.0 10 250 42.4 34.0 20.5 2.00  10... 17.5 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  10... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  JUN  13... .50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  13... 18.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  13... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  JUL  25... .50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  25... 18.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  25... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  AUG  29... .50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  29... 18.5 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  29... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  OCT  05... .50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  05... 18.5 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  05... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 
97 

430551088273500 OCONOMOWOC LAKE NO. 1 (CENTER) AT OCONOMOWOC, WI 

WATER-QUALITY DATA, APRIL 10 TO AUGUST 29, 2006--CONTINUED 

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated) 

 ANC, Residue  wat unf on  fixed Chlor- Mangan- evap.  Sam- end pt, ide, Sulfate Silica, Iron, ese, at Sam-  pling lab, water, water, water, water, water, 180degC pling  Date depth, mg/L as fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, wat flt method,  meters CaCO3 mg/L mg/L mg/L ug/L ug/L mg/L code  (00098) (00417) (00940) (00945) (00955) (01046) (01056) (70300) (82398)  APR 2006  10... .50 199 46.2 28.4 6.70 <100 M 350 50  10... 17.5 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50  10... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  JUN  13... .50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50  13... 18.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50  13... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  JUL  25... .50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50  25... 18.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50  25... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  AUG  29... .50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50  29... 18.5 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50  29... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 
0 10 20 30

201612

840

0 10 20

SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELSIUS

04-10-06 06-13-06

0 10 20 30

201612

840

0 10 20

0 10 20 30

201612

840

0 10 20

07-25-06

DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

0 10 20 

201612

840

0 10 

0 10 20 30

201612

840

0 10 20

08-29-06 10-05-0

500 550 600 650 700

201612

840

6 7 8 9 10

500 550 600 650 700

201612

840

6 7 8 9 10

WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELSIUS

500 550 600 650 700

201612

840

6 7 8 9 10

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS

500 550 600 650 700

201612

840

6 7 8 9 10

500 550 600 6

201612

840

6 7 8 

W.T.

D.O.

S.C.

pH

DEPTH, IN METERS DEPTH, IN METERS

430551088273500 OCONOMOWOC LAKE NO. 1 (CENTER) AT OCONOMOWOC, WI 

LAKE-DEPTH PROFILES, APRIL 10 TO OCTOBER 5, 2006 

98 
99 

 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 20

30

40

50

60

70

Total Phosphorus

Chlorophyll a

Secchi depth

 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

CHLOROPHYLL a CONCENTRATION, IN MICROGRAMS PER LITER SECCHI DEPTH, IN METERS TROPHIC STATE INDEX

 Surface total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths,

and TSI data for Oconomowoc Lake, Center Site, at Oconomowoc, Wisconsin.

(Open circles on the first two plots indicate laboratory detection limit for selected analyses.

 Actual concentrations for these particular analyses are less than the plotted circles.)

Eutrophic

Mesotrophic

Oligotrophic

 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 0.00

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

TOTAL PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATION, IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER
100 

430609088262200 OCONOMOWOC LAKE NO. 2 (OFF HEWITT POINT) AT OCONOMOWOC, W

LOCATION.--Lat 43°06'09", long 88°26'22", in NW 1⁄4 NW 1⁄4 sec.1, T.7 N., R.17 E., Waukesha Coun

07090001, at Oconomowoc. 

PERIOD OF RECORD.--March 1986 to current year. REMARKS.--Lake sampled at the deepest point in northeast bay near Hewitt Point. Lake ice-cove

sampling. Water-quality analyses done by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene. 

WATER-QUALITY DATA, APRIL 10 TO AUGUST 29, 2006 

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated) 

 Chloro-  Specif. pH, phyll a  Trans- conduc- water, wat unf Phos-  parency Sam- Temper- tance, unfltrd Dis- trichr. phorus, Sam-  Gage Secchi pling ature, wat unf field, solved method, water, pling  Date Time height, disc, depth, water, uS/cm std oxygen, uncorr, unfltrd method,  feet meters meters deg C 25 degC units mg/L ug/L mg/L code  (00065) (00078) (00098) (00010) (00095) (00400) (00300) (32210) (00665) (82398)  APR 2006  10... 1350 -- -- .50 7.6 610 8.0 11.6 2.95 .010 50  10... 1405 -- -- 14.5 6.5 614 7.9 10.7 -- .011 50  10... 1410 8.06 3.20 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  JUN  13... 1530 -- -- .50 21.7 590 8.2 9.4 .880 .008 50  13... 1545 -- -- .50 8.9 640 7.7 3.8 -- .041 50  13... 1550 8.22 >10.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  JUL  25... 1430 -- -- .50 26.1 580 8.2 8.8 3.37 .024 50  25... 1444 -- -- 14.0 9.6 629 7.5 .1 -- .032 50  25... 1445 -- 2.70 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  AUG  29... 1830 -- -- .50 23.6 589 8.3 8.7 2.41 .012 50  29... 1842 -- -- 14.5 9.6 664 7.4 .1 -- .042 50  29... 1845 8.26 4.20 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  OCT  05... 1700 -- -- .50 16.5 586 8.3 9.6 2.13 .011 50  05... 1712 -- -- 14.5 10.4 657 7.3 .1 -- .038 50  05... 1715 -- 4.75 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 
430609088262200 OCONOMOWOC LAKE NO. 2 (OFF HEWITT POINT) AT OCONOMOWOC, W

LAKE-DEPTH PROFILES, APRIL 10 TO OCTOBER 5, 2006 

0 10 20 30

1612

840

0 10 20

SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELSIUS

04-10-06 06-13-06

0 10 20 

1612

840

0 10 

0 10 20 30

1612

840

0 10 20

08-29-06 10-05-0

0 10 20 30

1612

840

0 10 20

0 10 20 30

1612

840

0 10 20

07-25-06

DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

500 550 600 650 700

1612

840

6 7 8 9 10

500 550 600 650 700

1612

840

6 7 8 9 10

WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELSIUS

500 550 600 650 700

1612

840

6 7 8 9 10

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS

500 550 600 650 700

1612

840

6 7 8 9 10

500 550 600 6

1612

840

6 7 8 

W.T.

D.O.

S.C.

pH

DEPTH, IN METERS DEPTH, IN METERS

101 
102 

 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 20

30

40

50

60

70

Total Phosphorus

Chlorophyll a

Secchi depth

 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

CHLOROPHYLL a CONCENTRATION, IN MICROGRAMS PER LITER SECCHI DEPTH, IN METERS TROPHIC STATE INDEX

 Surface total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths,

and TSI data for Oconomowoc Lake, Hewitt Point, at Oconomowoc, Wisconsin.

(Open circles on the first two plots indicate laboratory detection limit for selected analyses.

 Actual concentrations for these particular analyses are less than the plotted circles.)

Eutrophic

Mesotrophic

Oligotrophic

 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 0.00

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

TOTAL PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATION, IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER
103 

430723088252100 OKAUCHEE LAKE AT OKAUCHEE, WI 

LOCATION.--Lat 43°07'23", long 88°25'21", in SE 1⁄4 SE 1⁄4 sec.25, T.8 N., R.17 E., Waukesha Coun

07090001, at Okauchee. 

DRAINAGE AREA.--80.7 mi2. 

PERIOD OF RECORD.--February 1984 to September 2006 (discontinued). LAKE-STAGE GAGE.--Datum of gage is 869.00 ft above NGVD of 1929. REMARKS.--Lake sampled near center at the deep hole. Lake ice-covered during February sampling. Wa

done by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene. 

WATER-QUALITY DATA, APRIL 10 TO AUGUST 29, 2006 

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated) 

 Chloro- Ortho-  Specif. pH, phyll a phos-  Trans- conduc- water, wat unf Phos- phate,  parency Sam- Temper- tance, unfltrd Dis- trichr. phorus, water,  Gage Secchi pling ature, wat unf field, solved method, water, fltrd,  Date Time height, disc, depth, water, uS/cm std oxygen, uncorr, unfltrd mg/L  feet meters meters deg C 25 degC units mg/L ug/L mg/L as P  (00065) (00078) (00098) (00010) (00095) (00400) (00300) (32210) (00665) (00671)  APR 2006  10... 0935 -- -- .50 6.2 549 8.1 12.0 4.55 .020 .003  10... 0951 -- -- 28.5 5.3 549 8.0 11.2 -- .014 --  10... 0955 4.89 4.90 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  JUN  13... 1230 -- -- .50 21.4 548 8.2 9.0 2.05 .014 --  13... 1245 -- -- 27.5 6.0 575 7.5 .4 -- .082 --  13... 1246 4.76 6.85 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  JUL  25... 1720 -- -- .50 25.9 528 8.4 8.9 9.35 .035 --  25... 1737 -- -- 27.5 5.9 562 7.5 .1 -- .023 --  25... 1740 4.86 1.70 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  AUG  29... 1425 -- -- .50 23.6 528 8.3 7.9 4.82 .019 <.002  29... 1446 -- -- 27.5 6.0 572 7.5 0.0 -- .037 --  29... 1450 4.91 3.25 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 
430723088252100 OKAUCHEE LAKE AT OKAUCHEE, WI 

WATER-QUALITY DATA, APRIL 10 TO AUGUST 29, 2006--CONTINUED 

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated) 

 Date  APR 2006  10...  10...  10...  JUN  13...  13...  13...  JUL  25...  25...  25...  AUG  29...  29...  29...  Sam-  pling 

depth, 

 meters  (00098) 

.50 

28.5 

-- .50 

27.5 

-- .50 

27.5 

-- .50 

27.5 

-- 

 Ammonia 

water, fltrd, 

mg/L as N 

(00608) 

<.015 

-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

.041 

-- -- 

 Ammonia  + 

org-N, water, fltrd, 

mg/L as N 

(00623) 

-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- .85 -- -- 

Ammonia 

+ 

org-N, water, 

unfltrd 

mg/L as N 

(00625) 

.54 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

Nitrite 

+ 

nitrate 

water fltrd, 

mg/L as N 

(00631) 

.299 

-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

<.019 

-- -- 

Turbidity, NTU 

(00076

<1.0 

-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

Apparent color, water, 

unfltrd 

Pt-Co units 

) (00081) 

10 

-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

Hardness, water, 

mg/L as 

CaCO3 

(00900) 

260 

-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

Calcium 

water, fltrd, 

mg/L 

(00915) 

47.4 

-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

Magnesium, 

water, fltrd, 

mg/L 

(00925) 

34.0 

-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

Sodium, 

water, fltrd, 

mg/L 

(00930) 

16.7 

-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

104 
430723088252100 OKAUCHEE LAKE AT OKAUCHEE, WI 

WATER-QUALITY DATA, APRIL 10 TO AUGUST 29, 2006--CONTINUED 

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated) 

 ANC,  wat unf 

Residue 

on 

 Date  fixed Chlor- Mangan- evap.  Sam- end pt, ide, Sulfate Silica, Iron, ese, at Sam-  pling lab, water, water, water, water, water, 180degC pling 

depth, mg/L as fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, wat flt method, 

 meters CaCO3 mg/L mg/L mg/L ug/L ug/L mg/L code  (00098) (00417) (00940) (00945) (00955) (01046) (01056) (70300) (82398)  APR 2006  10... .50 208 39.4 29.8 5.04 <100 <.5 352 50 

 10... 28.5 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50 

 10... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 JUN  13... .50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50 

 13... 27.5 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50 

 13... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 JUL  25... .50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50 

 25... 27.5 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50 

 25... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 AUG  29... .50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50 

 29... 27.5 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50 

 29... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

105 
0 10 20 30

3025201510

50

0 10 20

SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELSIUS

04-10-06 06-13-06

0 10 20 30

3025201510

50

0 10 20

DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

0 10 20 

3025201510

50

0 10 

07-25-06 08-29-06

0 10 20 30

3025201510

50

0 10 20

450 500 550 600

3025201510

50

6 7 8 9 10

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS

450 500 550 600

3025201510

50

6 7 8 9 10

WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELSIUS

450 500 550 600

3025201510

50

6 7 8 9 10

450 500 550 

3025201510

50

6 7 8 9 

W.T. D.O.

S.C.

pH

DEPTH, IN METERS DEPTH, IN METERS

430723088252100 OKAUCHEE LAKE AT OKAUCHEE, WI 

LAKE-DEPTH PROFILES, APRIL 10 TO AUGUST 29, 2006 

106 
107 

 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Total Phosphorus

Chlorophyll a

Secchi depth

 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 0

5

10

15

20

25

30

CHLOROPHYLL a CONCENTRATION, IN MICROGRAMS PER LITER SECCHI DEPTH, IN METERS TROPHIC STATE INDEX

Surface total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths, 

 and TSI data for Okauchee Lake, near Okauchee, Wisconsin.

(Open circles on the first two plots indicate laboratory detection limit for selected analyses.

 Actual concentrations for these particular analyses are less than the plotted circles.)

Eutrophic

Mesotrophic

Oligotrophic

 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 0.00

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

TOTAL PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATION, IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER
108 

430759088244200 OKAUCHEE LAKE, NO. 1, NEAR OKAUCHEE, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 43°07'59", long 88°24'42", in NE 1⁄4 NW 1⁄4 sec.30, T.8 N., R.18 E., Waukesha Coun

07090001, near Okauchee. 

PERIOD OF RECORD.--April 1986 to September 2006 (discontinued). LAKE-STAGE GAGE.--Datum of gage is 869.00 ft above NGVD of 1929. REMARKS.--Lake sampled in Crane’s Nest Bay, in the northeast part of the lake, at an approximate de

quality analyses done by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene. 

WATER-QUALITY DATA, APRIL 10 TO AUGUST 29, 2006 

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated) 

 Chloro-  Specif. pH, phyll a  Trans- conduc- water, wat unf Phos-  parency Sam- Temper- tance, unfltrd Dis- trichr. phorus, Sam-  Gage Secchi pling ature, wat unf field, solved method, water, pling  Date Time height, disc, depth, water, uS/cm std oxygen, uncorr, unfltrd method,  feet meters meters deg C 25 degC units mg/L ug/L mg/L code  (00065) (00078) (00098) (00010) (00095) (00400) (00300) (32210) (00665) (82398)  APR 2006  10... 1020 -- -- .50 6.6 552 8.1 12.4 3.56 .015 50  10... 1021 4.76 >2.80 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  JUN  13... 1310 -- -- .50 22.2 556 8.3 10.8 2.62 .019 50  JUL  25... 1820 -- -- .50 26.7 -- 8.4 9.1 16.8 .035 50  25... 1825 4.86 1.65 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  AUG  29... 1530 -- -- .50 23.4 567 8.2 8.6 5.74 .024 50  29... 1535 4.91 >2.20 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 
109 

 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 20

30

40

50

60

70

Total Phosphorus

Chlorophyll a

Secchi depth

 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 5

4

3

2

1

0

 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 0

10

20

30

40

CHLOROPHYLL a CONCENTRATION, IN MICROGRAMS PER LITER SECCHI DEPTH, IN METERS TROPHIC STATE INDEX

Surface total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths,

 and TSI data for Okauchee Lake, No. 1, near Okauchee, Wisconsin.

Oligotrophic

Eutrophic

Mesotrophic

 (Triangles in Secchi plot indicate maximum depth at sampling site.

Actual Secchi depth on these days was greater than the plotted triangles.)

 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 0.00

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

0.12

TOTAL PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATION, IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER
110 

430645088264500 OKAUCHEE LAKE, NO. 2, AT OKAUCHEE, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 43°06'45", long 88°26'45", in SE 1⁄4 NE 1⁄4 sec.35, T.8 N., R.17 E., Waukesha Coun

07090001, at Okauchee. 

PERIOD OF RECORD.--April 1986 to September 2006 (discontinued). LAKE-STAGE GAGE.--Datum of gage is 869.00 ft above NGVD 0f 1929. REMARKS.--Lake sampled in Lower Okauchee Lake, at an approximate depth of 5 m. Water-quality analys

State Laboratory of Hygiene. 

WATER-QUALITY DATA, APRIL 10 TO AUGUST 29, 2006 

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated) 

 Chloro-  Specif. pH, phyll a  Trans- conduc- water, wat unf Phos-  parency Sam- Temper- tance, unfltrd Dis- trichr. phorus, Sam-  Gage Secchi pling ature, wat unf field, solved method, water, pling  Date Time height, disc, depth, water, uS/cm std oxygen, uncorr, unfltrd method,  feet meters meters deg C 25 degC units mg/L ug/L mg/L code  (00065) (00078) (00098) (00010) (00095) (00400) (00300) (32210) (00665) (82398)  APR 2006  10... 1140 -- -- .50 8.1 544 8.2 12.7 2.38 .012 50  10... 1141 4.89 >2.20 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  JUN  13... 1145 -- -- .50 21.6 523 8.2 10.7 1.24 .009 50  13... 1150 4.76 >3.60 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  JUL  25... 1605 -- -- .50 27.7 495 8.5 9.3 6.25 .033 50  25... 1610 4.86 2.20 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  AUG  29... 1320 -- -- .50 23.7 504 8.2 6.8 5.27 .024 50  29... 1325 4.91 >2.50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 
111 

 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 20

30

40

50

60

70

Total Phosphorus

Chlorophyll a

Secchi depth

 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 0

5

10

15

CHLOROPHYLL a CONCENTRATION, IN MICROGRAMS PER LITER SECCHI DEPTH, IN METERS TROPHIC STATE INDEX

Surface total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths,

 and TSI data for Okauchee Lake, No. 2, near Okauchee, Wisconsin.

(Open circles on the first two plots indicate laboratory detection limit for selected analyses.

 Actual concentrations for these particular analyses are less than the plotted circles.)

 (Triangles in Secchi plot indicate maximum depth at sampling site.

Actual Secchi depth on these days was greater than the plotted triangles.)

Oligotrophic

Eutrophic

Mesotrophic

 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 0.00

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

0.12

TOTAL PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATION, IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 5

4

3

2

1

0
112 

430642088252400 OKAUCHEE LAKE, NO. 3, AT OKAUCHEE, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 43°06'42", long 88°25'24", in NE 1⁄4 SE 1⁄4 sec.36, T.8 N., R.17 E., Waukesha Coun

07090001, at Okauchee. 

PERIOD OF RECORD.--April 1986 to September 2006 (discontinued). LAKE-STAGE GAGE.--Datum of gage is 869.00 ft above NGVD 0f 1929. REMARKS.--Lake sampled in Ice House Bay, in the southern part of the lake, at an approximate dep

quality analyses done by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, APRIL 10 TO AUGUST 29, 2006 

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated) 

 Chloro-  Specif. pH, phyll a  Trans- conduc- water, wat unf Phos-  parency Sam- Temper- tance, unfltrd Dis- trichr. phorus, Sam-  Gage Secchi pling ature, wat unf field, solved method, water, pling  Date Time height, disc, depth, water, uS/cm std oxygen, uncorr, unfltrd method,  feet meters meters deg C 25 degC units mg/L ug/L mg/L code  (00065) (00078) (00098) (00010) (00095) (00400) (00300) (32210) (00665) (82398)  APR 2006  10... 1110 -- -- .50 7.7 540 8.2 12.3 1.57 .012 50  10... 1115 4.89 >2.50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  JUN  13... 1220 -- -- .50 22.3 496 8.4 10.9 .540 .012 50  13... 1225 4.76 >4.70 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  JUL  25... 1650 -- -- .50 26.9 509 8.5 9.6 8.09 .033 50  25... 1655 4.86 2.15 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  AUG  29... 1355 -- -- .50 24.0 504 8.3 7.6 7.81 .030 50  29... 1400 4.91 3.15 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 
113 

 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 20

30

40

50

60

70

Total Phosphorus

Chlorophyll a

Secchi depth

 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 5

4

3

2

1

0

 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 0

5

10

15

CHLOROPHYLL a CONCENTRATION, IN MICROGRAMS PER LITER SECCHI DEPTH, IN METERS TROPHIC STATE INDEX

Surface total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths,

and TSI data for Okauchee Lake, No. 3, near Okauchee, Wisconsin.

Oligotrophic

Eutrophic

Mesotrophic

 (Triangles in Secchi plot indicate maximum depth at sampling site.

Actual Secchi depth on these days was greater than the plotted triangles.)

 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 0.00

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

TOTAL PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATION, IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER
114 

430757088261700 OKAUCHEE LAKE, NO. 4, AT OKAUCHEE, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 43°07'57", long 88°26'17", in NW 1⁄4 NW 1⁄4 sec.25, T.8 N., R.17 E., Waukesha Coun

07090001, at Okauchee. 

PERIOD OF RECORD.--June 1986 to September 2006 (discontinued). LAKE-STAGE GAGE.--Datum of gage is 869.00 ft above NGVD of 1929. REMARKS.--Lake sampled near McDowell (Crazyman’s) Island, in the northwest bay of the lake, at an ap 2 m. Water-quality analyses done by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, APRIL 10 TO AUGUST 29, 2006 

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated) 

 Chloro-  Specif. pH, phyll a  Trans- conduc- water, wat unf Phos-  parency Sam- Temper- tance, unfltrd Dis- trichr. phorus, Sam-  Gage Secchi pling ature, wat unf field, solved method, water, pling  Date Time height, disc, depth, water, uS/cm std oxygen, uncorr, unfltrd method,  feet meters meters deg C 25 degC units mg/L ug/L mg/L code  (00065) (00078) (00098) (00010) (00095) (00400) (00300) (32210) (00665) (82398)  APR 2006  10... 1045 -- -- .50 7.8 544 8.1 12.1 2.39 .015 50  10... 1050 4.89 >2.00 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  JUN  13... 1330 -- -- .50 21.8 532 8.2 8.6 1.46 .014 50  13... 1335 4.76 >1.70 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  JUL  25... 1850 -- -- .50 26.8 515 8.5 10.3 5.83 .027 50  25... 1855 4.86 1.70 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  AUG  29... 1600 -- -- .50 23.7 516 8.4 8.5 3.80 .021 50  29... 1605 4.91 1.70 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 
115 

 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 20

30

40

50

60

70

Total Phosphorus

Chlorophyll a

Secchi depth

 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 5

4

3

2

1

0

 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 0

5

10

15

CHLOROPHYLL a CONCENTRATION, IN MICROGRAMS PER LITER SECCHI DEPTH, IN METERS TROPHIC STATE INDEX

Surface total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths,

 and TSI data for Okauchee Lake, No. 4, near Okauchee, Wisconsin.

(Open circles on the first two plots indicate laboratory detection limit for selected analyses.

 Actual concentrations for these particular analyses are less than the plotted circles.)

 (Triangles in Secchi plot indicate maximum depth at sampling site.

Actual Secchi depth on these days was greater than the plotted triangles.)

Oligotrophic

Eutrophic

Mesotrophic

 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 0.00

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

TOTAL PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATION, IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER
116 

430707088230500 PINE LAKE AT CHENEQUA, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 43°07'14", long 88°22'50", in SE 1⁄4 NE 1⁄4 NE 1⁄4 sec.32, T.8 N., R.18 E., Waukesha County 07090001, at Chenequa. PERIOD OF RECORD.—-April 2005 to September 2006 (discontinued). REMARKS.—-Lake sampled at deep hole at a depth of 29 m. Water-quality analyses done by Wisconsin Sta

Hygiene. 

WATER-QUALITY DATA, APRIL 12 TO OCTOBER 4, 2006 

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated) 

 Chloro- Ortho-  Specif. pH, phyll a phos-  Trans- conduc- water, wat unf Phos- phate,  parency Sam- Temper- tance, unfltrd Dis- trichr. phorus, water,  Secchi pling ature, wat unf field, solved method, water, fltrd,  Date Time disc, depth, water, uS/cm std oxygen, uncorr, unfltrd mg/L  meters meters deg C 25 degC units mg/L ug/L mg/L as P  (00078) (00098) (00010) (00095) (00400) (00300) (32210) (00665) (00671)  APR 2006  12... 0920 -- .50 6.0 399 8.1 12.3 5.37 .024 .011  12... 0935 -- 27.5 5.3 399 8.0 11.7 -- .025 --  12... 0940 4.00 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  JUN  13... 1750 -- .50 21.9 396 8.5 9.9 2.15 .024 --  13... 1806 -- 26.5 5.8 424 7.4 2.0 -- .094 --  13... 1810 4.75 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  JUL  26... 1750 -- .50 26.2 386 8.5 8.5 1.89 .020 --  26... 1808 -- 27.0 5.5 434 7.2 .1 -- .281 --  26... 1810 4.50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  AUG  24... 1050 -- .50 24.6 384 8.5 8.7 2.29 .029 --  24... 1108 -- 27.0 5.8 466 7.3 .2 -- .297 --  24... 1110 2.95 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  OCT  04... 1540 -- .50 16.9 383 8.5 9.0 2.41 .026 --  04... 1557 -- 27.0 5.7 435 7.3 .0 -- .234 --  04... 1600 4.70 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 
117 

430707088230500 PINE LAKE AT CHENEQUA, WI

WATER-QUALITY DATA, APRIL 12 TO OCTOBER 4, 2006--CONTINUED 

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated) 

 Ammonia Nitrite Appar-  + + ent  Ammonia org-N, nitrate color, Hard- Magnes- Potas-  Sam- water, water, water water, ness, Calcium ium, Sodium, sium,  pling fltrd, unfltrd fltrd, Tur- unfltrd water, water, water, water, water,  Date depth, mg/L mg/L mg/L bidity, Pt-Co mg/L as fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, fltrd,  meters as N as N as N NTU units CaCO3 mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L  (00098) (00608) (00625) (00631) (00076) (00081) (00900) (00915) (00925) (00930) (00935)  APR 2006  12... .50 .035 .59 <.019 <1.0 5 170 29.0 24.3 13.0 2.00  12... 27.5 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  12... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  JUN  13... .50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  13... 26.5 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  13... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  JUL  26... .50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  26... 27.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  26... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  AUG  24... .50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  24... 27.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  24... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  OCT  04... .50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  04... 27.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  04... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 
118 

430707088230500 PINE LAKE AT CHENEQUA, WI

WATER-QUALITY DATA, APRIL 12 TO OCTOBER 4, 2006--CONTINUED 

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated) 

 ANC, Residue  wat unf on  fixed Chlor- Mangan- evap.  Sam- end pt, ide, Sulfate Silica, Iron, ese, at Sam-  pling lab, water, water, water, water, water, 180degC pling  Date depth, mg/L as fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, wat flt method,  meters CaCO3 mg/L mg/L mg/L ug/L ug/L mg/L code  (00098) (00417) (00940) (00945) (00955) (01046) (01056) (70300) (82398)  APR 2006  12... .50 148 27.8 21.1 <.022 <100 <.5 220 50  12... 27.5 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50  12... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  JUN  13... .50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50  13... 26.5 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50  13... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  JUL  26... .50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50  26... 27.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50  26... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  AUG  24... .50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50  24... 27.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50  24... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  OCT  04... .50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50  04... 27.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50  04... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 
0 10 20 

3025201510

50

0 10 

0 10 20 30

3025201510

50

0 10 20

0 10 20 30

3025201510

50

0 10 20

SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELSIUS

4-12-06 6-13-06

0 10 20 30

3025201510

50

0 10 20

7-26-06

DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

0 10 20 30

3025201510

50

0 10 20

8-24-06 10-04-0

350 375 400 425 450

3025201510

50

6 7 8 9 10

350 375 400 425 450

3025201510

50

6 7 8 9 10

WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELSIUS

350 375 400 425 450

3025201510

50

6 7 8 9 10

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS

350 375 400 425 450

3025201510

50

6 7 8 9 10

350 375 400 4

3025201510

50

6 7 8 

W.T.

D.O.

S.C. pH

DEPTH, IN METERS DEPTH, IN METERS

LAKE-DEPTH PROFILES, APRIL 12 TO OCTOBER 4, 2006 

430707088230500 PINE LAKE AT CHENEQUA, WI

119 
120 

 2005 2006 20

30

40

50

60

70

Total Phosphorus

Chlorophyll a

Secchi depth

Eutrophic

 2005 2006 6

5

4

3

2

1

0

 2005 2006 0

5

10

15

20

CHLOROPHYLL a CONCENTRATION, IN MICROGRAMS PER LITER SECCHI DEPTH, IN METERS TROPHIC STATE INDEX

 Surface total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths,

 and TSI data for Pine Lake at Chenequa, Wisconsin.

Mesotrophic

Oligotrophic

0.00

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

 2005 2006

TOTAL PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATION, IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER
424905088204000 POTTER LAKE NEAR MUKWONAGO, WI 

LOCATION.--Lat 42°49'05", long 88°20'40", in NW 1⁄4 SW 1⁄4 sec.11, T.4 N., R.18 E., Walworth Coun

07120006, 3.3 mi south of Mukwonago. 

PERIOD OF RECORD.--February 1993 to current year. REMARKS.--Lake sampled at the deep hole. Lake ice-covered during February sampling. Water-quali

Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene. 

WATER-QUALITY DATA, FEBRUARY 22 TO SEPTEMBER 27, 2006 

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated) 

 Chloro- Ortho-  Date Time  Specif. pH, phyll a phos- 

 Trans- conduc- water, wat unf Phos- phate, 

 parency Sam- Temper- tance, unfltrd Dis- trichr. phorus, water,  Gage Secchi pling ature, wat unf field, solved method, water, fltrd, 

height, disc, depth, water, uS/cm std oxygen, uncorr, unfltrd mg/L 

 feet meters meters deg C 25 degC units mg/L ug/L mg/L as P  (00065) (00078) (00098) (00010) (00095) (00400) (00300) (32210) (00665) (00671)  FEB 2006  22... 1110 -- -- .50 3.9 484 8.3 16.2 -- .027 -- 

 22... 1123 -- -- 7.0 5.3 559 7.2 .0 -- .032 -- 

 APR  05... 1140 8.44 .80 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 05... 1145 -- -- .50 9.0 426 8.4 11.7 19.3 .045 .007 

 05... 1152 -- -- 7.0 7.9 425 7.9 11.2 -- .045 -- 

 JUN  12... 1515 -- -- .50 21.9 455 8.5 10.3 8.11 .047 -- 

 12... 1528 -- -- 7.0 14.4 490 7.2 .2 -- .126 -- 

 12... 1530 8.15 1.25 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 JUL  12... 1550 -- -- .50 26.2 423 8.3 8.4 7.88 .092 .010 

 12... 1603 -- -- 7.0 14.4 553 6.8 0.0 -- .127 --  12... 1605 8.02 1.05 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 27... 1945 7.92 .90 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 27... 1950 -- -- .50 27.4 428 8.7 9.0 10.4 .042 -- 

 27... 2001 -- -- 7.0 15.4 592 6.7 0.0 -- .474 -- 

 AUG  08... 1345 -- -- .50 27.6 432 8.4 8.6 10.6 .056 -- 

 08... 1356 -- -- 7.0 16.1 622 6.6 .1 -- .623 -- 

 08... 1400 7.78 .85 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 31... 1230 -- -- .50 23.2 429 8.3 8.9 16.8 .049 -- 

 31... 1239 -- -- 7.0 17.4 684 6.4 0.0 -- .209 -- 

 31... 1240 7.76 .75 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 SEP  27... 1445 -- .75 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 27... 1450 -- -- .50 17.0 427 8.7 9.6 17.6 .046 -- 

 27... 1457 -- -- 6.5 16.3 431 8.4 7.9 -- .052 -- 

121 
424905088204000 POTTER LAKE NEAR MUKWONAGO, WI 

WATER-QUALITY DATA, FEBRUARY 22 TO SEPTEMBER 27, 2006—CONTINUED 

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated) 

 Ammonia  + 

Ammonia 

+ 

Nitrite 

+ 

Apparent 

 Date  Ammonia org-N, org-N, nitrate color, Hard- Magnes- 

 Sam- water, water, water, water water, ness, Calcium ium, Sodium,  pling fltrd, fltrd, unfltrd fltrd, Tur- unfltrd water, water, water, water, 

depth, mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L bidity, Pt-Co mg/L as fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, 

 meters as N as N as N as N NTU units CaCO3 mg/L mg/L mg/L  (00098) (00608) (00623) (00625) (00631) (00076) (00081) (00900) (00915) (00925) (00930)  FEB 2006  22... .50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 22... 7.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 APR  05... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 05... .50 <.015 -- 1.0 <.019 2.0 10 180 38.4 19.6 22.2 

 05... 7.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 JUN  12... .50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 12... 7.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 12... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 JUL  12... .50 .024 .99 -- <.019 -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 12... 7.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 12... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 27... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 27... .50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 27... 7.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 AUG  08... .50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 08... 7.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 08... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 31... .50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 31... 7.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 31... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 SEP  27... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 27... .50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

 27... 6.5 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

122 
123 

424905088204000 POTTER LAKE NEAR MUKWONAGO, WI 

WATER-QUALITY DATA, FEBRUARY 22 TO SEPTEMBER 27, 2006--CONTINUED 

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated) 

 ANC, Residue  wat unf on  fixed Chlor- Mangan- evap.  Sam- end pt, ide, Sulfate Silica, Iron, ese, at Sam-  pling lab, water, water, water, water, water, 180degC pling  Date depth, mg/L as fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, wat flt method,  meters CaCO3 mg/L mg/L mg/L ug/L ug/L mg/L code  (00098) (00417) (00940) (00945) (00955) (01046) (01056) (70300) (82398)  FEB 2006  22... .50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50  22... 7.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50  APR  05... .50 146 46.0 6.9 7.81 <100 M 260 50  05... 7.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50  JUN  12... .50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50  12... 7.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50  JUL  12... .50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50  12... 7.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50  27... .50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50  27... 7.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50  AUG  08... .50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50  08... 7.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50  31... .50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50  31... 7.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50  SEP  27... .50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50  27... 6.5 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50 
424905088204000 POTTER LAKE NEAR MUKWONAGO, WI 

LAKE-DEPTH PROFILES, FEBRUARY 22 TO JULY 12, 2006 

0 10 20 30

86420

0 10 20

SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELSIUS

02-22-06 04-05-06

0 10 20 30

86420

0 10 20

0 10 20 30

86420

0 10 20

DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

400 450 500 550 600

86420

6 7 8 9 10

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS

400 450 500 55

86420

6 7 8 9 

400 450 500 550 600

86420

6 7 8 9 10

0 10 20 

86420

0 10 

06-12-06 07-12-06

400 450 500 550 600

86420

6 7 8 9 10

WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELSIUS

W.T.

D.O.

S.C. pH

DEPTH, IN METERS DEPTH, IN METERS

124 
0 10 20 30

86420

0 10 20

0 10 20 30

86420

0 10 20

SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELSIUS

07-27-06 08-08-06

400 450 500 55

86420

6 7 8 9 

0 10 20 30

86420

0 10 20

DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

400 450 500 550 600

86420

6 7 8 9 10

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS

400 450 500 550 600

86420

6 7 8 9 10

0 10 20 

86420

0 10 

08-31-06 09-27-06

400 450 500 550 600

86420

6 7 8 9 10

WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELSIUS

W.T.

D.O.

S.C.

pH

DEPTH, IN METERS DEPTH, IN METERS

424905088204000 POTTER LAKE NEAR MUKWONAGO, WI 

LAKE-DEPTH PROFILES, JULY 27 TO SEPTEMBER 27, 2006 

125 
126 

 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 20

30

40

50

60

70

Total Phosphorus

Chlorophyll a

Secchi depth

Eutrophic

 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 5

4

3

2

1

0

 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 0

5

10

15

20

25

30

CHLOROPHYLL a CONCENTRATION, IN MICROGRAMS PER LITER SECCHI DEPTH, IN METERS TROPHIC STATE INDEX

 Surface total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths,

 and TSI data for Potter Lake, near Mukwonago, Wisconsin.

Mesotrophic

Oligotrophic

0.00

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

TOTAL PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATION, IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER
127 

423246088175800 POWERS LAKE AT POWERS LAKE, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 42°32'46", long 88°17'58", in NW 1⁄4 SE 1⁄4 sec.13, T.1 N., R.18 E., Walworth Coun

07120006, at Powers Lake. 

DRAINAGE AREA.--3.42 mi2. 

PERIOD OF RECORD.--March 1986 to August 1996, and April 1998 to current year. REMARKS.--Lake sampled near center at the deep hole. Water-quality analyses done by Wisconsin 

Hygiene. 

WATER-QUALITY DATA, JUNE 12 TO AUGUST 23, 2006 

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated) 

 Chloro- Ortho-  Specif. pH, phyll a phos-  Trans- conduc- water, wat unf Phos- phate,  parency Sam- Temper- tance, unfltrd Dis- trichr. phorus, water,  Gage Secchi pling ature, wat unf field, solved method, water, fltrd,  Date Time height, disc, depth, water, uS/cm std oxygen, uncorr, unfltrd mg/L  feet meters meters deg C 25 degC units mg/L ug/L mg/L as P  (00065) (00078) (00098) (00010) (00095) (00400) (00300) (32210) (00665) (00671)  JUN 2006  12... 1300 -- -- .50 21.2 516 8.3 10.4 4.17 .019 --  12... 1310 -- -- 9.5 15.0 543 7.6 2.2 -- .012 --  12... 1315 9.89 3.30 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  JUL  12... 1330 -- -- .50 25.4 500 8.4 8.8 3.58 .072 <.002  12... 1340 -- -- 9.5 14.9 540 7.3 0.0 -- .042 --  12... 1345 9.64 2.70 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  AUG  23... 1150 -- -- .50 25.3 500 8.6 9.7 3.49 .027 --  23... 1202 -- -- 9.5 16.7 560 7.3 .2 -- .022 --  23... 1205 9.26 3.55 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 
128 

423246088175800 POWERS LAKE AT POWERS LAKE, WI 

WATER-QUALITY DATA, JUNE 12 TO AUGUST 23, 2006--CONTINUED 

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated) 

 Ammonia Nitrite  + +  Ammonia org-N, nitrate  Sam- water, water, water Sam-  pling fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, pling  Date depth, mg/L mg/L mg/L method,  meters as N as N as N code  (00098) (00608) (00623) (00631) (82398)  JUN 2006  12... .50 -- -- -- 50  12... 9.5 -- -- -- 50  12... -- -- -- -- --  JUL  12... .50 .034 .81 <.019 50  12... 9.5 -- -- -- 50  12... -- -- -- -- --  AUG  23... .50 -- -- -- 50  23... 9.5 -- -- -- 50  23... -- -- -- -- -- 
0 10 20 30

10

86420

0 10 20

SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELSIUS

06-12-06

450 500 550 600

10

86420

6 7 8 9 10

450 500 55

10

86420

6 7 8 

450 500 550 600

10

86420

6 7 8 9 10

WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELSIUS

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS

0 10 20 

10

86420

0 10 

08-23-06

W.T.

D.O.

S.C.

pH

0 10 20 30

10

86420

0 10 20

DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

07-12-06

DEPTH, IN METERS DEPTH, IN METERS

423246088175800 POWERS LAKE AT POWERS LAKE, WI 

LAKE-DEPTH PROFILES, JUNE 12 TO AUGUST 23, 2006 

129 
130 

 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 20

30

40

50

60

70

Total Phosphorus

Chlorophyll a

Secchi depth

 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 0

5

10

15

CHLOROPHYLL a CONCENTRATION, IN MICROGRAMS PER LITER SECCHI DEPTH, IN METERS TROPHIC STATE INDEX

Surface total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths,

 and TSI data for Powers Lake, at Powers Lake, Wisconsin.

(Open circles on the first two plots indicate laboratory detection limit for selected analyses.

 Actual concentrations for these particular analyses are less than the plotted circles.)

Eutrophic Mesotrophic

Oligotrophic

0.00

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.07

 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

TOTAL PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATION, IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER
131 

434515089124000 PUCKAWAY LAKE, WEST BASIN, NEAR MARQUETTE, WI 

LOCATION.--Lat 43°45'15", long 89°12'40", in SE 1⁄4 SW 1⁄4 NE 1⁄4 sec.31, T.15 N., R.11 E., Green Lake Cou

04030201, near Marquette. 

DRAINAGE AREA.—948 mi2. 

PERIOD OF RECORD.—-April 2005 to current year. REMARKS.--Lake sampled in West Basin. Water-quality analyses done by Wisconsin State Laboratory of 

WATER-QUALITY DATA, APRIL 18 TO SEPTEMBER 7, 2006 (Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated) 

 Chloro-  Specif. pH, phyll a  Trans- conduc- water, wat unf Phos-  parency Sam- Temper- tance, unfltrd Dis- trichr. phorus, Sam-  Gage Secchi pling ature, wat unf field, solved method, water, pling  Date Time height, disc, depth, water, uS/cm std oxygen, uncorr, unfltrd method,  feet meters meters deg C 25 degC units mg/L ug/L mg/L code  (00065) (00078) (00098) (00010) (00095) (00400) (00300) (32210) (00665) (82398)  APR 2006  18... 1321 -- -- .50 13.8 368 8.6 11.3 65.1 .101 50  18... 1330 -- .55 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  JUN  29... 1325 4.26 1.05 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  29... 1331 -- -- .50 23.3 358 8.7 12.2 25.9 .074 50  JUL  27... 1446 -- -- .50 28.5 357 8.9 12.2 39.2 .093 50  27... 1450 4.08 .65 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  SEP  07... 1501 -- -- .50 23.1 367 8.4 10.1 30.3 .081 50  07... 1505 4.22 .65 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 
0 10 20 30

1.51.00.50.0

0 10 20

SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELS

06-29-06

300 325 350 375 400

1.51.00.50.0

6 7 8 9 10

300 32

1.51.00.50.0

6 7 

300 325 350 375 400

1.51.00.50.0

6 7 8 9 10

WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELSIUS

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS

0 

1.51.00.50.0

0 

W.T.

D.O.

S.C.

pH

0 10 20 30

1.51.00.50.0

0 10 20

DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

07-27-06

DEPTH, IN METERS DEPTH, IN METERS

132 

434515089124000 PUCKAWAY LAKE, WEST BASIN, NEAR MARQUETTE, WI 

LAKE-DEPTH PROFILES, JUNE 29 TO SEPTEMBER 7, 2006 
133 

 2005 2006 40

50

60

70

80

90

Total Phosphorus

Chlorophyll a

Secchi depth

Eutrophic

 2005 2006

1.0

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0.0

 2005 2006 0

50

100

150

200

250

300

CHLOROPHYLL a CONCENTRATION, IN MICROGRAMS PER LITER SECCHI DEPTH, IN METERS TROPHIC STATE INDEX

 Surface total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths,

and TSI data for Puckaway Lake, West Basin, Near Marquette, Wisconsin.

Mesotrophic

0.00

0.10

0.20

0.30

0.40

0.50

 2005 2006

TOTAL PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATION, IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER
134 

43454208907300 PUCKAWAY LAKE, EAST BASIN, NEAR MARQUETTE, WI 

LOCATION.--Lat 43°45'42", long 89°07'30", in NW 1⁄4 NW 1⁄4 NW 1⁄4 sec.19, T.15 N., R.12 E., Green Lake Cou

04030201, near Marquette. 

DRAINAGE AREA.—748 mi2. 

PERIOD OF RECORD.—-April 2005 to current year. REMARKS.--Lake sampled in the east basin. Water-quality analyses done by Wisconsin State Laboratory 

WATER-QUALITY DATA, APRIL 18 TO SEPTEMBER 7, 2006 (Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated) 

 Chloro-  Specif. pH, phyll a  Trans- conduc- water, wat unf Phos-  parency Sam- Temper- tance, unfltrd Dis- trichr. phorus, Sam-  Gage Secchi pling ature, wat unf field, solved method, water, pling  Date Time height, disc, depth, water, uS/cm std oxygen, uncorr, unfltrd method,  feet meters meters deg C 25 degC units mg/L ug/L mg/L code  (00065) (00078) (00098) (00010) (00095) (00400) (00300) (32210) (00665) (82398)  APR 2006  18... 1421 -- -- .50 13.8 367 8.7 11.3 78.6 .117 50  18... 1425 -- .45 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  JUN  29... 1415 4.26 .85 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  29... 1421 -- -- .50 23.9 364 8.6 9.7 14.1 .056 50  JUL  27... 1531 -- -- .50 28.8 353 8.9 10.3 38.4 .097 50  27... 1535 4.08 .55 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  SEP  07... 1541 -- -- .50 24.1 355 8.5 10.6 29.5 .081 50  07... 1545 4.22 .45 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 
0 10 20 30

1.00.80.60.40.20.0

0 10 20

SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELSIU

04-18-06 06-29-06

0 10 

1.00.80.60.40.20.0

0 

07-27-06 0

0 10 20 30

1.00.80.60.40.20.0

0 10 20

DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

300 325 350 375 400

1.00.80.60.40.20.0

6 7 8 9 10

WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELSIUS

0 10 20 30

1.00.80.60.40.20.0

0 10 20

300 325 350 375 400

1.00.80.60.40.20.0

6 7 8 9 10

300 325 

1.00.80.60.40.20.0

6 7 

300 325 350 375 400

1.00.80.60.40.20.0

6 7 8 9 10

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS

W.T. D.O.

S.C.

pH

DEPTH, IN METERS DEPTH, IN METERS

43454208907300 PUCKAWAY LAKE, EAST BASIN, NEAR MARQUETTE, WI 

LAKE-DEPTH PROFILES, APRIL 18 TO SEPTEMBER 7, 2006 

135 
136 

 2005 2006 40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Total Phosphorus

Chlorophyll a

Secchi depth

Eutrophic

 2005 2006

1.0

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0.0

 2005 2006 0

50

100

150

200

250

300

CHLOROPHYLL a CONCENTRATION, IN MICROGRAMS PER LITER SECCHI DEPTH, IN METERS TROPHIC STATE INDEX

 Surface total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths,

and TSI data for Puckaway Lake, East Basin, Near Marquette, Wisconsin.

Mesotrophic

0.00

0.10

0.20

0.30

0.40

0.50

 2005 2006

TOTAL PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATION, IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER
137 

434824089083200 PUCKAWAY LAKE, RIVER SITE, NEAR MARQUETTE, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 43°48'24", long 89°08'32", in NW 1⁄4 SE 1⁄4 SW 1⁄4 sec.1, T.15 N., R.11 E., Green Lake Coun

04030201, near Marquette. 

DRAINAGE AREA.—748 mi2. 

PERIOD OF RECORD.—-April 2005 to current year. REMARKS.-- Water-quality analyses done by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene. 

WATER-QUALITY DATA, APRIL 18 TO SEPTEMBER 7, 2006 (Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated) 

 Chloro-  Specif. pH, phyll a  Trans- conduc- water, wat unf Phos-  parency Sam- Temper- tance, unfltrd Dis- trichr. phorus, Sam-  Gage Secchi pling ature, wat unf field, solved method, water, pling  Date Time height, disc, depth, water, uS/cm std oxygen, uncorr, unfltrd method,  feet meters meters deg C 25 degC units mg/L ug/L mg/L code  (00065) (00078) (00098) (00010) (00095) (00400) (00300) (32210) (00665) (82398)  APR 2006  18... 1531 -- -- .50 14.3 359 8.7 12.2 49.4 .088 50  18... 1537 -- -- 2.0 13.8 362 8.8 12.3 -- .062 50  18... 1540 -- .65 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  JUN  29... 1450 4.26 .85 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  29... 1456 -- -- .50 24.3 369 8.6 9.6 17.2 .085 50  29... 1501 -- -- 1.8 22.0 370 8.6 8.6 -- .058 50  JUL  27... 1601 -- -- .50 29.1 358 8.7 9.4 45.0 .120 50  27... 1607 -- -- 2.0 27.8 363 8.5 5.9 -- .128 50  27... 1610 4.08 .45 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  SEP  07... 1616 -- -- .50 23.9 354 8.4 9.6 39.2 .104 50  07... 1622 -- -- 2.0 22.5 357 8.4 7.4 -- .097 50  07... 1625 4.22 .55 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 
0 10 20 30

2.52.01.51.00.50.0

0 10 20

DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

0 10 20 30

2.52.01.51.00.50.0

0 10 20

SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELSIU

04-18-06 06-29-06

0 10 

2.52.01.51.00.50.0

0 

07-27-06 0

0 10 20 30

2.52.01.51.00.50.0

0 10 20

300 325 350 375 400

2.52.01.51.00.50.0

6 7 8 9 10

300 325 

2.52.01.51.00.50.0

6 7 

300 325 350 375 400

2.52.01.51.00.50.0

6 7 8 9 10

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS

W.T.

D.O.

S.C.

pH

300 325 350 375 400

2.52.01.51.00.50.0

6 7 8 9 10

WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELSIUS

DEPTH, IN METERS DEPTH, IN METERS

434824089083200 PUCKAWAY LAKE, RIVER SITE, NEAR MARQUETTE, WI

LAKE-DEPTH PROFILES, APRIL 18 TO SEPTEMBER 7, 2006 

138 
 2005 2006 40

50

60

70

80

90

Total Phosphorus

Chlorophyll a

Secchi depth

Eutrophic

 2005 2006

1.0

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0.0

 2005 2006 0

50

100

150

200

250

300

 2005 2006 0.00

0.10

0.20

0.30

0.40

0.50

CHLOROPHYLL a CONCENTRATION, IN MICROGRAMS PER LITER SECCHI DEPTH, IN METERS TROPHIC STATE INDEX

 Surface total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths,

and TSI data for Puckaway Lake, River Site, Near Marquette, Wisconsin.

Mesotrophic

TOTAL PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATION, IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

139 
140 

453420091551600 SILVER LAKE NEAR CUMBERLAND, WI 

LOCATION.—Lat 45o34’20”, long 91o55’16”, in SE 1⁄4 NE 1⁄4 SW 1⁄4 sec. 25, T.36 N., R 13 W., Barron 

 County, Hydrologic Unit 07050007, at the south end of the lake about 300 feet south of the boat 

 landing in Grant Park off County Highway B and about 5 miles northeast of Cumberland. 

DRAINAGE AREA.—Unknown. Area of Silver Lake is 0.53 mi.2 (July 1967). 

PERIOD OF RECORD.—October 2004 to September 2006 (discontinued). 

GAGE.—Water-stage recorder. Datum of gage is 1165.31 ft above NGVD 0f 1929. 

EXTREMES FOR THE CURRENT YEAR.—Maximum observed gage height, 86.49 ft, Oct. 6; minimum 

 recorded, 84.37 ft, Sept. 29-30, 2006. 

GAGE HEIGHT, FEET 

 WATER YEAR OCTOBER 2005 TO SEPTEMBER 2006 

 DAILY MEAN VALUES 

 

 DAY OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP 

 

 1 85.90 86.16 86.01 85.89 85.81 85.63 85.86 86.28 86.20 85.63 85.27 84.82 

 2 85.88 86.15 86.00 85.89 85.81 85.62 85.97 86.29 86.18 85.62 85.33 84.80 

 3 85.87 86.13 85.99 85.88 85.80 85.62 86.09 86.28 86.16 85.60 85.31 84.79 

 4 86.04 86.12 85.99 85.88 85.80 85.61 86.17 86.27 86.13 85.58 85.29 84.77 

 5 86.47 86.11 85.98 85.87 85.79 85.61 86.23 86.25 86.11 85.55 85.26 84.74 

 

 6 86.49 86.10 85.97 85.86 85.79 85.62 86.27 86.23 86.11 85.53 85.24 84.72 

 7 86.48 86.09 85.96 85.86 85.78 85.62 86.31 86.22 86.09 85.50 85.21 84.70 

 8 86.46 86.08 85.96 85.85 85.77 85.63 86.32 86.22 86.07 85.48 85.18 84.69 

 9 86.45 86.05 85.95 85.84 85.77 85.62 86.34 86.34 86.04 85.47 85.16 84.65 

 10 86.44 86.04 85.94 85.84 85.77 85.62 86.34 86.37 86.03 85.44 85.14 84.63 

 

 11 86.42 86.01 85.94 85.83 85.77 85.61 86.35 86.37 86.00 85.42 85.13 84.60 

 12 86.41 86.00 85.93 85.82 85.76 85.61 86.35 86.38 85.97 85.40 85.10 84.58 

 13 86.41 86.03 85.92 85.81 85.75 85.71 86.35 86.42 85.95 85.38 85.08 84.57 

 14 86.40 86.02 85.94 85.81 85.75 85.76 86.34 86.42 85.94 85.36 85.06 84.55 

 15 86.38 86.02 85.95 85.80 85.74 85.75 86.33 86.42 85.92 85.33 85.04 84.53 

 

 16 86.36 86.03 85.94 85.79 85.73 85.74 86.33 86.42 85.90 85.30 85.01 84.52 

 17 86.37 86.02 85.94 85.81 85.73 85.73 86.31 86.40 85.89 85.29 84.99 84.52 

 18 86.36 86.01 85.93 85.80 85.70 85.72 86.30 86.38 85.88 85.25 84.97 84.51 

 19 86.34 86.00 85.92 85.80 85.71 85.72 86.30 86.37 85.86 85.23 85.01 84.49 

 20 86.33 85.98 85.91 85.80 85.70 85.71 86.29 86.35 85.83 85.21 85.00 84.45 

 

 21 86.31 85.97 85.91 85.79 85.69 85.70 86.30 86.34 85.81 85.19 84.98 84.42 

 22 86.30 85.96 85.90 85.78 85.69 85.69 86.31 86.32 85.80 85.17 84.96 84.43 

 23 86.28 85.95 85.90 85.78 85.68 85.68 86.30 86.30 85.77 85.14 84.96 84.43 

 24 86.26 85.93 85.89 85.76 85.67 85.67 86.29 86.28 85.75 85.12 84.95 84.44 

 25 86.25 85.91 85.89 85.76 85.66 85.67 86.28 86.30 85.76 85.11 84.95 84.43 

 

 26 86.23 85.90 85.88 85.75 85.66 85.66 86.26 86.29 85.73 85.15 84.94 84.42 

 27 86.22 85.91 85.88 85.75 85.65 85.65 86.25 86.27 85.72 85.13 84.92 84.41 

 28 86.21 85.96 85.87 85.75 85.64 85.65 86.23 86.26 85.69 85.11 84.90 84.39 

 29 86.19 86.00 85.87 85.78 --- 85.65 86.23 86.25 85.67 85.10 84.88 84.37 

 30 86.18 86.00 85.89 85.79 --- 85.68 86.26 86.25 85.65 85.16 84.86 84.37 

 31 86.18 --- 85.90 85.78 --- 85.77 --- 86.23 --- 85.16 84.85 --- 

MEAN 86.29 86.02 85.93 85.81 85.73 85.67 86.26 86.32 85.92 85.33 85.06 84.56 

 MAX 86.49 86.16 86.01 85.89 85.81 85.77 86.35 86.42 86.20 85.63 85.33 84.82 

 MIN 85.87 85.90 85.87 85.75 85.64 85.61 85.86 86.22 85.65 85.10 84.85 84.37 
 1967 1969 1971 1973 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1

80818283848586878889909192

GAGE HEIGHT, IN FEET

 Stage hydrograph for Silver Lake, 1967-2006.

141 
142 

453502091551700 SILVER LAKE, DEEP HOLE, NEAR CUMBERLAND, WI 

LOCATION.—Lat 45o35’02”, long. 91o55’17”, in NE 1⁄4 SE 1⁄4 SW 1⁄4 sec. 24, T.36 N., R 13 W., Barron County,  07050007, near Cumberland. DRAINAGE AREA.—Unknown. Area of Silver Lake is 0.53 mi.2 (July 1967). 

PERIOD OF RECORD.—October 2004 to September 2006 (discontinued). REMARKS.—Water-quality analyses done by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene. 

WATER-QUALITY DATA, APRIL 19 TO SEPTEMBER 11, 2006 

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated) 

 Chloro- Ortho-  Specif. pH, phyll a phos-  Trans- conduc- water, wat unf Phos- phate,  parency Sam- Temper- tance, unfltrd Dis- trichr. phorus, water,  Gage Secchi pling ature, wat unf field, solved method, water, fltrd,  Date Time height, disc, depth, water, uS/cm std oxygen, uncorr, unfltrd mg/L  feet meters meters deg C 25 degC units mg/L ug/L mg/L as P  (00065) (00078) (00098) (00010) (00095) (00400) (00300) (32210) (00665) (00671)  APR 2006  19... 1110 -- -- .50 7.9 25 8.6 11.0 5.03 .016 .006  19... 1131 -- -- 22.0 5.3 25 7.8 9.2 -- .013 --  19... 1145 86.30 2.80 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  JUN  06... 0900 -- -- .50 22.0 25 7.5 7.6 2.34 .010 --  06... 0917 -- -- 24.0 6.7 25 7.4 4.7 -- .025 --  06... 0935 86.11 3.20 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  JUL  06... 1035 -- -- .50 24.0 53 7.8 6.4 1.55 .008 --  06... 1055 -- -- 23.0 7.0 61 6.2 .6 -- .037 --  06... 1115 85.53 4.20 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  AUG  02... 1055 -- -- .50 26.1 26 8.2 7.6 7.35 .011 --  02... 1115 -- -- 21.5 7.1 27 6.1 .3 -- .027 --  02... 1125 85.33 2.90 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  SEP  11... 1040 -- -- .50 19.8 27 8.3 8.6 10.8 .013 --  11... 1049 -- -- 9.0 12.8 27 6.5 3.6 -- .014 --  11... 1057 -- -- 21.0 7.1 36 6.2 .2 -- .055 --  11... 1120 84.60 2.50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 
143 

453502091551700 SILVER LAKE, DEEP HOLE, NEAR CUMBERLAND, WI 

WATER-QUALITY DATA, APRIL 19 TO SEPTEMBER 11, 2006--CONTINUED 

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated) 

 Ammonia Nitrite Appar-  + + ent  Ammonia org-N, nitrate color, Hard- Magnes- Potas-  Sam- water, water, water water, ness, Calcium ium, Sodium, sium,  pling fltrd, unfltrd fltrd, Tur- unfltrd water, water, water, water, water,  Date depth, mg/L mg/L mg/L bidity, Pt-Co mg/L as fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, fltrd,  meters as N as N as N NTU units CaCO3 mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L  (00098) (00608) (00625) (00631) (00076) (00081) (00900) (00915) (00925) (00930) (00935)  APR 2006  19... .50 <.015 .47 .086 <1.0 5 9 2.10 .90 .70 2.00  19... 22.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  19... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  JUN  06... .50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  06... 24.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  06... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  JUL  06... .50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  06... 23.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  06... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  AUG  02... .50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  02... 21.5 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  02... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  SEP  11... .50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  11... 9.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  11... 21.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  11... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 
453502091551700 SILVER LAKE, DEEP HOLE, NEAR CUMBERLAND, WI 

WATER-QUALITY DATA, APRIL 19 TO SEPTEMBER 11, 2006--CONTINUED 

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated) 

 Date  APR 2006  19...  19...  19...  JUN  06...  06...  06...  JUL  06...  06...  06...  AUG  02...  02...  02...  SEP  11...  11...  11...  11...  Sam-  pling 

depth, 

 meters  (00098) 

.50 

22.0 

-- .50 

24.0 

-- .50 

23.0 

-- .50 

21.5 

-- .50 

9.0 

21.0 

-- 

 ANC,  wat unf  fixed 

end pt, 

lab, 

mg/L as 

CaCO3 

(00417) 

8 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

Chloride, water, fltrd, 

mg/L 

(00940) 

1.2 

-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

Sulfate 

water, fltrd, 

mg/L 

(00945) 

<4.5 

-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

Silica, 

water, fltrd, 

mg/L 

(00955) 

.228 

-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

Iron, water, fltrd, 

ug/L 

(01046

<100 

-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

Manganese, 

water, fltrd, 

ug/L 

) (01056) 

0.0 

-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

Residue 

on 

evap. 

at 

180degC wat flt 

mg/L 

(70300) 

<50 

-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

Sampling 

method, 

code 

(82398) 

50 50 

-- 

50 50 

-- 

50 50 

-- 

50 50 

-- 

50 50 50 

-- 

144 
453502091551700 SILVER LAKE, DEEP HOLE, NEAR CUMBERLAND, WI 

LAKE-DEPTH PROFILES, APRIL 19 TO SEPTEMBER 11, 2006 

0 10 20 30

25201510

50

0 10 20

SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CEL

04-19-06 06-06-06

0 

25201510

50

0 

0 10 20 30

25201510

50

0 10 20

0 10 20 30

25201510

50

0 10 20

07-06-06

DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

0 10 20 30

25201510

50

0 10 20

08-02-06 0

10 20 30 40

25201510

50

56789

10 20 30 40

25201510

50

56789

WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELSIUS

10 20 30 40

25201510

50

56789

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS

10 20 30 40

25201510

50

56789

10 

25201510

50

56

W.T.

D.O.

S.C.

pH

DEPTH, IN METERS DEPTH, IN METERS

145 
146 

 2005 2006 20

30

40

50

60

70

Total Phosphorus

Chlorophyll a

Secchi depth

Eutrophic

 2005 2006 6

5

4

3

2

1

0

 2005 2006 0

2

4

6

8

10

12

CHLOROPHYLL a CONCENTRATION, IN MICROGRAMS PER LITER SECCHI DEPTH, IN METERS TROPHIC STATE INDEX

 Surface total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths,

 and TSI data for Silver Lake near Cumberland, Wisconsin.

Mesotrophic

Oligotrophic

0.00

0.01

0.02

0.03

 2005 2006

TOTAL PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATION, IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER
453424091551600 SILVER LAKE AT BEACH NEAR CUMBERLAND, WI 

LOCATION.—Lat 45o34’24”, long 91o55’16”, in NE 1⁄4 NE 1⁄4 SW 1⁄4 sec. 25, T.36 N., R 13 W., Barron County, Hydrol

 07050007, at the south end of the lake about 50 feet north of the boat landing in Grant Park off County  and about 5 miles northeast of Cumberland. DRAINAGE AREA.—Unknown. Area of Silver Lake is 0.53 mi.2 (July 1967). 

PERIOD OF RECORD.—October 2004 to September 2006 (discontinued). REMARKS.——Water-quality analyses done by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene. 

WATER-QUALITY DATA, JUNE 6 TO SEPTEMBER 5, 2006 

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated) 

 Entero- E coli,  cocci, Defined  Defined Substr.  Substr. Tech.,  Tech., water,  Date Time water, MPN/  MPN 100 mL  (99601) (50468)  JUN 2006  06... 0955 <1 4  JUL  06... 1135 4 25  AUG  22... 0900 <1 <1  22... 0901 <1 11  22... 0915 1 2  22... 0916 2 2  22... 0930 1 2  22... 0931 3 3  27... 2000 1 <1  SEP  05... 1830 9 2 

147 
453535091550800 SILVER LAKE, NORTHEAST BAY, NEAR CUMBERLAND, WI 

LOCATION.—Lat 45o35’35”, long 91o55’08”, in SE 1⁄4 NE 1⁄4 NW 1⁄4 sec. 24, T.36 N., R 13 W., Barron County, Hydrol

 07050007, about 5 miles northeast of Cumberland. DRAINAGE AREA.—Unknown. Area of Silver Lake is 0.53 mi.2 (July 1967). 

PERIOD OF RECORD.—October 2004 to September 2006 (discontinued). REMARKS.—Water-quality analyses done by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene. 

WATER-QUALITY DATA, JUNE 6 TO SEPTEMBER 5, 2006 

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated) 

 Entero- E coli,  cocci, Defined  Defined Substr.  Substr. Tech.,  Tech., water,  Date Time water, MPN/  MPN 100 mL  (99601) (50468)  JUN 2006  06... 0945 1 6  JUL  06... 1125 <1 <1  SEP  05... 1830 <1 <1 

148 
149 

453441091545300 SILVER LAKE NEAR SOUTHEAST WETLAND NEAR CUMBERLAND, WI 

LOCATION.—Lat 45o34’41”, long 91o54’53”, in NE 1⁄4 SW 1⁄4 NE 1⁄4 sec. 25, T.36 N., R 13 W., Barron County, Hydrol

 07050007, about 5 miles northeast of Cumberland. DRAINAGE AREA.—Unknown. Area of Silver Lake is 0.53 mi.2 (July 1967). 

PERIOD OF RECORD.—October 2004 to September 2006 (discontinued). REMARKS.—Water-quality analyses done by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene. 

WATER-QUALITY DATA, JUNE 6 TO SEPTEMBER 5, 2006 

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated) 

 Entero- E coli,  cocci, Defined  Defined Substr.  Substr. Tech.,  Tech., water,  Date Time water, MPN/  MPN 100 mL  (99601) (50468)  JUN 2006  06... 0950 10 1  JUL  06... 1130 16 3  SEP  05... 1830 <1 3 
150 

05429485 LAKE WAUBESA AT MCFARLAND, WI 

LOCATION.--Lat 43°00′32′′, long 89°18′19′′ referenced to North American Datum of 1927, in SW 1⁄4 SW 1⁄4 

sec.3, T.6 N., R.10 E., Dane County, WI, Hydrologic Unit 07090001, on left bank just upstream 

from bridge on U.S. Highway 51, downstream of dam at outlet of Lake Waubesa and 1.0 mi southwest 

of McFarland. 

DRAINAGE AREA.--327 mi2 of which 36.6 mi2 probably is noncontributing. 

PERIOD OF RECORD.--October 2003 to current year. 

REVISED RECORDS.--WSP 805, WDR WI-73-1: Drainage area. 

GAGE.--Water-stage recorder. Datum of gage is 840.00 ft above NGVD of 1929 (levels by Wisconsin 

Department of Natural Resources). 

REMARKS.--Lake level regulated by dams at outlets of Lake Mendota and Lake Waubesa. Gage-height 

telemeter at station. 

EXTREMES FOR PERIOD OF RECORD.--Maximum gage height observed, 6.30 ft, June 12, 2004; minimum 

observed, 3.50 ft, Feb.14, 2006, current datum. 

EXTREMES FOR CURRENT YEAR.--Maximum recorded gage height, 5.74 ft, Aug. 28-29; Sept. 13-14; minimum 

recorded, 3.50 ft, Feb.14. 

GAGE HEIGHT, FEET 

WATER YEAR OCTOBER 2005 TO SEPTEMBER 2006 

DAILY MEAN VALUES 

Day Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep 

1 4.70 4.46 4.33 3.85 3.70 3.62 4.15 5.04 4.96 5.03 5.24 5.65 

2 4.69 4.46 4.30 3.88 3.69 3.62 4.14 5.09 4.94 5.02 5.21 5.61 

3 4.68 4.46 4.30 3.92 3.69 3.62 4.34 5.06 4.94 5.00 5.20 5.59 

4 4.66 4.50 4.30 3.92 3.69 3.62 4.38 5.02 4.93 4.99 5.17 5.63 

5 4.65 4.54 4.29 3.91 3.69 3.62 4.37 4.98 4.91 4.96 5.14 5.62 

6 4.69 4.68 4.28 3.89 3.69 3.65 4.36 4.91 4.90 4.93 5.16 5.59 

7 4.65 4.70 4.27 3.87 3.67 3.65 4.49 4.85 4.92 4.91 5.18 5.56 

8 4.61 4.73 4.27 3.85 3.65 3.66 4.59 4.80 4.92 4.91 5.17 5.52 

9 4.58 4.75 4.29 3.83 3.62 3.78 4.60 4.78 4.90 4.91 5.15 5.48 

10 4.56 4.68 4.29 3.82 3.56 3.82 4.60 4.79 4.94 4.92 5.14 5.44 

11 4.57 4.63 4.30 3.80 3.56 3.84 4.62 4.81 4.94 5.05 5.12 5.45 

12 4.57 4.60 4.30 3.79 3.56 3.88 4.72 4.85 4.95 5.24 5.10 5.58 

13 4.57 4.62 4.29 3.79 3.57 3.96 4.78 4.80 4.95 5.25 5.08 5.73 

14 4.57 4.59 4.30 3.78 3.56 4.01 4.83 4.77 4.95 5.26 5.08 5.73 

15 4.57 4.60 4.30 3.76 3.62 3.99 4.86 4.74 4.95 5.26 5.06 5.71 

16 4.55 4.66 4.28 3.73 3.68 3.99 4.92 4.73 4.95 5.24 5.03 5.67 

17 4.53 4.61 4.24 3.73 3.69 4.01 5.05 4.72 4.94 5.23 5.02 5.64 

18 4.53 4.54 4.20 3.73 3.68 4.01 5.03 4.74 4.98 5.21 5.03 5.62 

19 4.53 4.48 4.16 3.70 3.66 4.01 5.04 4.73 5.01 5.18 5.02 5.58 

20 4.51 4.46 4.13 3.69 3.65 4.01 5.06 4.72 5.00 5.18 5.01 5.53 

21 4.50 4.43 4.11 3.69 3.65 4.03 5.06 4.70 5.00 5.20 5.00 5.48 

22 4.51 4.41 4.08 3.68 3.65 4.05 5.07 4.69 5.01 5.18 5.00 5.43 

23 4.51 4.39 4.06 3.67 3.65 4.04 5.06 4.69 5.01 5.16 4.99 5.41 

24 4.52 4.39 4.04 3.65 3.64 4.05 5.05 4.70 5.00 5.13 5.22 5.40 

25 4.49 4.36 4.02 3.64 3.64 4.07 5.04 4.87 5.05 5.10 5.49 5.36 

26 4.47 4.32 3.99 3.62 3.64 4.06 5.02 4.96 5.18 5.09 5.65 5.31 

27 4.47 4.30 3.96 3.59 3.63 4.04 5.00 4.98 5.15 5.15 5.72 5.28 

28 4.46 4.32 3.94 3.58 3.62 4.06 4.95 4.98 5.12 5.30 5.73 5.23 

29 4.44 4.32 3.92 3.64 --- 4.08 4.91 4.99 5.09 5.31 5.74 5.18 

30 4.43 4.32 3.89 3.69 --- 4.07 4.97 5.00 5.06 5.28 5.72 5.14 

31 4.46 --- 3.87 3.70 --- 4.11 --- 4.99 --- 5.26 5.69 --- 

Mean 4.56 4.51 4.17 3.75 3.64 3.90 4.77 4.85 4.99 5.12 5.23 5.50 

Max 4.70 4.75 4.33 3.92 3.70 4.11 5.07 5.09 5.18 5.31 5.74 5.73 

Min 4.43 4.30 3.87 3.58 3.56 3.62 4.14 4.69 4.90 4.91 4.99 5.14 
151 

461231091524900 WHITEFISH (BARDON) LAKE NEAR GORDON, WI 

LOCATION.—Lat. 46o 12’ 31”, long. 91o 52’ 49”, in SW 1⁄4 SW 1⁄4 NW 1⁄4 sec. 16, T.43 N., R 12 W., Douglas 

County, Hydrologic Unit 07030002, on a peninsula on west side of lake at 15376 South Rediger Road, 

and about 5 miles southwest of Gordon, WI. 

DRAINAGE AREA.—Unknown. Area of Whitefish Lake is 1.30 mi.2 (September 1967). 

PERIOD OF RECORD.—October 2004 to September 2006 (discontinued). 

GAGE.—Water-stage recorder. Datum of gage is 1029.35 ft above sea level. 

EXTREMES FOR THE CURRENT YEAR.—Maximum recorded gage height, 4.45 ft, April 3-4; minimum recorded, 

3.34 ft, September 29-30. 

 GAGE HEIGHT, FEET 

 WATER YEAR OCTOBER 2005 TO SEPTEMBER 2006 

 DAILY MEAN VALUES 

 

 DAY OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP 

 

 1 4.12 4.25 4.26 4.30 4.34 4.28 4.41 4.41 4.37 4.04 3.91 3.65 

 2 4.11 4.24 4.25 4.30 4.33 4.31 4.44 4.42 4.35 4.02 3.90 3.64 

 3 4.11 4.23 4.25 4.29 4.33 4.31 4.45 4.42 4.34 4.01 3.88 3.62 

 4 4.17 4.23 4.25 4.30 4.33 4.30 4.45 4.41 4.32 4.00 3.86 3.61 

 5 4.39 4.22 4.25 4.29 4.33 4.31 4.44 4.39 4.30 3.98 3.85 3.60 

 

 6 4.41 4.22 4.24 4.29 4.33 4.33 4.44 4.38 4.34 3.96 3.82 3.59 

 7 4.39 4.21 4.24 4.29 4.33 4.33 4.44 4.37 4.35 3.94 3.80 3.58 

 8 4.37 4.21 4.24 4.29 4.32 4.35 4.43 4.37 4.33 3.93 3.78 3.58 

 9 4.36 4.20 4.24 4.29 4.32 4.35 4.43 4.40 4.31 3.92 3.76 3.55 

 10 4.35 4.18 4.24 4.29 4.33 4.34 4.43 4.42 4.28 3.89 3.76 3.52 

 

 11 4.34 4.17 4.23 4.28 4.33 4.34 4.43 4.42 4.25 3.87 3.72 3.50 

 12 4.34 4.17 4.23 4.28 4.32 4.34 4.43 4.42 4.23 3.86 3.71 3.49 

 13 4.34 4.21 4.23 4.28 4.32 4.38 4.43 4.43 4.22 3.86 3.70 3.48 

 14 4.34 4.21 4.24 4.28 4.32 4.39 4.43 4.44 4.21 3.84 3.69 3.46 

 15 4.32 4.21 4.25 4.27 4.32 4.38 4.43 4.44 4.20 3.82 3.67 3.45 

 

 16 4.31 4.22 4.25 4.27 4.31 4.38 4.43 4.43 4.19 3.80 3.65 3.44 

 17 4.33 4.22 4.26 4.29 4.31 4.38 4.41 4.43 4.21 3.79 3.63 3.44 

 18 4.33 4.21 4.26 4.29 4.31 4.37 4.41 4.41 4.22 3.77 3.62 3.42 

 19 4.32 4.20 4.25 4.30 4.31 4.37 4.41 4.40 4.20 3.75 3.76 3.40 

 20 4.31 4.19 4.25 4.31 4.30 4.37 4.41 4.40 4.18 3.73 3.75 3.38 

 

 21 4.30 4.19 4.25 4.30 4.30 4.36 4.42 4.39 4.17 3.71 3.74 3.37 

 22 4.29 4.18 4.25 4.30 4.30 4.36 4.44 4.37 4.15 3.69 3.72 3.39 

 23 4.29 4.19 4.26 4.30 4.30 4.35 4.43 4.37 4.13 3.67 3.73 3.41 

 24 4.27 4.17 4.26 4.30 4.30 4.35 4.43 4.36 4.12 3.66 3.73 3.39 

 25 4.26 4.16 4.26 4.29 4.30 4.35 4.41 4.36 4.11 3.64 3.74 3.38 

 

 26 4.26 4.15 4.26 4.29 4.29 4.35 4.40 4.36 4.09 3.63 3.73 3.37 

 27 4.25 4.15 4.26 4.29 4.29 4.34 4.40 4.35 4.09 3.62 3.72 3.36 

 28 4.24 4.20 4.26 4.29 4.29 4.34 4.38 4.35 4.07 3.61 3.71 3.35 

 29 4.23 4.26 4.26 4.32 --- 4.34 4.39 4.35 4.06 3.82 3.70 3.34 

 30 4.25 4.26 4.29 4.32 --- 4.36 4.41 4.39 4.05 3.86 3.68 3.34 

 31 4.25 --- 4.30 4.32 --- 4.40 --- 4.37 --- 3.86 3.66 --- 

 

 MEAN 4.29 4.20 4.25 4.29 4.31 4.35 4.42 4.39 4.21 3.82 3.74 3.47 

 MAX 4.41 4.26 4.30 4.32 4.34 4.40 4.45 4.44 4.37 4.04 3.91 3.65 

 MIN 4.11 4.15 4.23 4.27 4.29 4.28 4.38 4.35 4.05 3.61 3.62 3.34
 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 

3456

GAGE HEIGHT, IN FEET

 Stage hydrograph for Whitefish (Bardon) Lake, 1998-2006.

152 
 461321091520900 WHITEFISH (BARDON) LAKE, NORTH BASIN, NEAR GORDON, WI 

LOCATION.—-Lat 46o13’21” long 91o52’09”, in NW 1⁄4 SE 1⁄4 sec. 9, T.43 N., R 12 W., Douglas County, Hydro 07030002, about 5 miles southwest of Gordon, WI. DRAINAGE AREA.—Unknown. Area of Whitefish Lake is 1.30 mi.2 (September 1967). 

PERIOD OF RECORD.—March 1998 to August 2001, October 2004 to September 2006 (discontinued). REMARKS.—Water-quality analyses done by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene. 

WATER-QUALITY DATA, APRIL 25 TO SEPTEMBER 7, 2006 (Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated) 

 Chloro-  Specif. pH, phyll a  Trans- conduc- water, wat unf Phos-  parency Sam- Temper- tance, unfltrd Dis- trichr. phorus, Sam-  Gage Secchi pling ature, wat unf field, solved method, water, pling  Date Time height, disc, depth, water, uS/cm std oxygen, uncorr, unfltrd method,  feet meters meters deg C 25 degC units mg/L ug/L mg/L code  (00065) (00078) (00098) (00010) (00095) (00400) (00300) (32210) (00665) (82398)  APR 2006  25... 1320 -- -- .50 10.1 37 7.4 12.0 4.85 .006 50  25... 1331 -- -- 15.0 6.7 36 7.3 9.6 -- .010 50  25... 1400 4.41 3.90 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  JUN  05... 1105 -- -- .50 21.8 39 7.2 9.3 1.48 .008 50  05... 1120 -- -- 15.0 11.1 38 7.1 4.4 -- .022 50  05... 1135 4.30 7.10 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  JUL  05... 1105 -- -- .50 23.3 55 8.1 8.4 .940 <.005 50  05... 1118 -- -- 14.0 12.5 59 6.9 2.8 -- .022 50  05... 1135 4.00 7.20 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  AUG  01... 1110 -- -- .50 26.4 40 8.3 7.5 2.12 .007 50  01... 1125 -- -- 15.0 12.8 52 6.5 .2 -- .033 50  01... 1140 3.92 5.50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  SEP  07... 1230 -- -- .50 22.2 41 7.8 8.5 1.46 .008 50  07... 1242 -- -- 13.0 14.2 44 6.3 .5 -- .017 50  07... 1243 -- -- 15.0 12.4 92 6.7 .2 -- .039 50  07... 1305 3.58 5.10 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

153 
154 

461321091520900 WHITEFISH (BARDON) LAKE, NORTH BASIN, NEAR GORDON, WI 

LAKE-DEPTH PROFILES, APRIL 25 TO SEPTEMBER 7, 2006 

1612

840

0 

0 

0 10 20 30

1612

840

0 10 20

0 10 20 30

1612

840

0 10 20

SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELSIU

04-25-06 06-05-06

0 10 20 30

1612

840

0 10 20

07-05-06

DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

0 10 20 30

1612

840

0 10 20

08-01-06 

0 25 50 75 100

1612

840

6 7 8 9 10

0 25 50 75 100

1612

840

6 7 8 9 10

WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELSIUS

0 25 50 75 100

1612

840

6 7 8 9 10

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS

0 25 50 75 100

1612

840

6 7 8 9 10

0 20 

1612

840

6 7 

W.T.

D.O.

S.C.

pH

DEPTH, IN METERS DEPTH, IN METERS
 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 10

20

30

40

50

60

Total Phosphorus

Chlorophyll a

Secchi depth

Eutrophic

 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 12

10

8

6

4

2

0

 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 0

1

2

3

4

5

TOTAL PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATION, IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

CHLOROPHYLL a CONCENTRATION, IN MICROGRAMS PER LITER SECCHI DEPTH, IN METERS TROPHIC STATE INDEX

 Surface total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths,

 and TSI data for Whitefish Lake, North Site, near Gordon, Wisconsin.

Mesotrophic

Oligotrophic

(Open circles on the first two plots indicate laboratory detection limit for selected analyses.

Actual concentrations for these particular analyses are less than the plotted circles.)

 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 0.00

0.01

0.02

155 
461212091523200 WHITEFISH (BARDON) LAKE, SOUTH BASIN, NEAR GORDON, WI 

LOCATION.—-Lat 46o12’12” long 91o52’32”, in SE 1⁄4 SW 1⁄4 sec. 16, T.43 N., R 12 W., Douglas County, Hydr 07030002, about 5 miles southwest of Gordon, WI. DRAINAGE AREA.—Unknown. Area of Whitefish Lake is 1.30 mi.2 (September 1967). 

PERIOD OF RECORD.—March 1998 to August 2001, October 2004 to September 2006 (discontinued). REMARKS.—Water-quality analyses done by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene. 

WATER-QUALITY DATA, APRIL 25 TO SEPTEMBER 7, 2006 

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated) 

 Chloro- Ortho-  Specif. pH, phyll a phos-  Trans- conduc- water, wat unf Phos- phate,  parency Sam- Temper- tance, unfltrd Dis- trichr. phorus, water,  Gage Secchi pling ature, wat unf field, solved method, water, fltrd,  Date Time height, disc, depth, water, uS/cm std oxygen, uncorr, unfltrd mg/L  feet meters meters deg C 25 degC units mg/L ug/L mg/L as P  (00065) (00078) (00098) (00010) (00095) (00400) (00300) (32210) (00665) (00671)  APR 2006  25... 1120 4.41 4.00 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  25... 1125 -- -- .50 9.7 37 7.5 12.3 5.48 .006 .002  25... 1141 -- -- 29.5 5.0 37 7.2 8.4 -- .015 --  JUN  05... 1005 4.30 7.90 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  05... 1010 -- -- .50 21.9 39 7.7 7.8 1.48 .012 --  05... 1029 -- -- 28.0 5.4 41 7.7 .8 -- .017 --  JUL  05... 1010 -- -- .50 23.0 49 8.2 9.0 .810 <.005 --  05... 1027 -- -- 25.0 5.8 54 6.7 1.8 -- .023 --  05... 1045 4.00 7.50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  AUG  01... 1000 -- -- .50 25.9 40 7.9 7.5 1.67 .007 --  01... 1022 -- -- 27.0 6.0 40 6.4 .3 -- .038 --  01... 1036 3.92 5.60 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  SEP  07... 1110 -- -- .50 22.1 42 8.3 8.7 1.29 .009 --  07... 1119 -- -- 17.0 7.7 40 6.4 1.9 -- .011 --  07... 1126 -- -- 28.0 5.9 59 6.6 .3 -- .125 --  07... 1150 3.58 5.90 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

156 
461212091523200 WHITEFISH (BARDON) LAKE, SOUTH BASIN, NEAR GORDON, WI 

WATER-QUALITY DATA, APRIL 25 TO SEPTEMBER 7, 2006--CONTINUED 

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated) 

 Ammonia Nitrite Appar-  + + ent  Ammonia org-N, nitrate color, Hard- Magnes- Potas-  Sam- water, water, water water, ness, Calcium ium, Sodium, sium,  pling fltrd, unfltrd fltrd, Tur- unfltrd water, water, water, water, water,  Date depth, mg/L mg/L mg/L bidity, Pt-Co mg/L as fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, fltrd,  meters as N as N as N NTU units CaCO3 mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L  (00098) (00608) (00625) (00631) (00076) (00081) (00900) (00915) (00925) (00930) (00935)  APR 2006  25... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  25... .50 <.015 .19 <.019 <1.0 <5 18 4.90 1.30 1.10 .50  25... 29.5 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  JUN  05... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  05... .50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  05... 28.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  JUL  05... .50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  05... 25.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  05... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  AUG  01... .50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  01... 27.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  01... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  SEP  07... .50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  07... 17.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  07... 28.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  07... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

157 
461212091523200 WHITEFISH (BARDON) LAKE, SOUTH BASIN, NEAR GORDON, WI 

WATER-QUALITY DATA, APRIL 25 TO SEPTEMBER 7, 2006--CONTINUED 

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated) 

 ANC, Residue  wat unf on  fixed Chlor- Mangan- evap.  Sam- end pt, ide, Sulfate Silica, Iron, ese, at Sam-  pling lab, water, water, water, water, water, 180degC pling  Date depth, mg/L as fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, wat flt method,  meters CaCO3 mg/L mg/L mg/L ug/L ug/L mg/L code  (00098) (00417) (00940) (00945) (00955) (01046) (01056) (70300) (82398)  APR 2006  25... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  25... .50 17 1.0 <4.5 .163 <100 <.5 <50 50  25... 29.5 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50  JUN  05... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  05... .50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50  05... 28.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50  JUL  05... .50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50  05... 25.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50  05... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  AUG  01... .50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50  01... 27.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50  01... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  SEP  07... .50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50  07... 17.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50  07... 28.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50  07... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

158 
159 

461212091523200 WHITEFISH (BARDON) LAKE, SOUTH BASIN, NEAR GORDON, WI 

LAKE-DEPTH PROFILES, APRIL 25 TO SEPTEMBER 7, 2006 

0 

3025201510

50

0 

0 10 20 30

3025201510

50

0 10 20

SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELS

04-25-06 06-05-06

0 10 20 30

3025201510

50

0 10 20

07-05-06

DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

0 10 20 30

3025201510

50

0 10 20

08-01-06 

0 10 20 30

3025201510

50

0 10 20

0 25 50 75 100

3025201510

50

6 7 8 9 10

0 25 50 75 100

3025201510

50

6 7 8 9 10

WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELSIUS

0 25 50 75 100

3025201510

50

6 7 8 9 10

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS

0 25 50 75 100

3025201510

50

6 7 8 9 10

0 25 

3025201510

50

6 7 

W.T.

D.O.

S.C.

pH

DEPTH, IN METERS DEPTH, IN METERS
 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 10

20

30

40

50

60

Total Phosphorus

Chlorophyll a

Secchi depth

Eutrophic

 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 10

8

6

4

2

0

 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 0

1

2

3

4

5

 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 0.00

0.01

0.02

CHLOROPHYLL a CONCENTRATION, IN MICROGRAMS PER LITER SECCHI DEPTH, IN METERS TROPHIC STATE INDEX

 Surface total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths,

 and TSI data for Whitefish Lake, South Site near Gordon, Wisconsin.

Mesotrophic

TOTAL PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATION, IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

Oligotrophic

(Open circles on the first two plots indicate laboratory detection limit for selected analyses.

 Actual concentrations for these particular analyses are less than the plotted circles.)

160 
161 

424848088083100 WIND LAKE AT OUTLET AT WIND LAKE, WI 

LOCATION.--Lat 42°48′48′′, long 88°08′31′′ referenced to North American Datum of 1927, in NE 1⁄4 NW 1⁄4 

sec.16, T.4 N., R.20 E., Racine County, WI, Hydrologic Unit 07120006, at Wind Lake. 

DRAINAGE AREA.--39.6 mi2. 

PERIOD OF RECORD.--March 1985 to current year. Prior to October 2000, published as "Wind Lake 

Outlet". 

REVISED RECORDS.--WDR WI-91-1: 1988(m). 

REMARKS.--Lake level regulated by dam with two 10-foot gates at outlet. Lake ice-covered Dec. 3 to 

Mar. 14. Prior to October 1987, published as Wind Lake at Wind Lake, Wis. Gage-height telemeter 

at station. 

EXTREMES FOR PERIOD OF RECORD.--Maximum gage height, 8.93 ft, June 15, 1999; minimum recorded, 5.95 

ft, Jan. 2, 1996. 

EXTREMES FOR CURRENT YEAR.--Maximum recorded gage height, 8.49 ft, Mar. 13,14; minimum recorded, 

7.17 ft, Nov. 2,3,and 13. 

GAGE HEIGHT, FEET 

WATER YEAR OCTOBER 2005 TO SEPTEMBER 2006 

DAILY MEAN VALUES 

Day Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep 

1 7.45 7.21 7.34 7.42 8.28 8.14 8.12 8.25 8.21 8.30 8.25 8.21 

2 7.45 7.20 7.33 7.48 8.28 8.16 8.07 8.24 8.30 8.30 8.24 8.20 

3 7.45 7.19 7.33 7.54 8.27 8.17 8.18 8.24 8.37 8.30 8.24 8.21 

4 7.45 7.19 7.36 7.56 8.26 8.19 8.22 8.24 8.42 8.30 8.23 8.21 

5 7.44 7.20 7.35 7.57 8.24 8.21 8.26 8.23 8.44 8.29 8.22 8.23 

6 7.43 7.31 7.35 7.58 8.21 8.23 8.28 8.24 8.41 8.27 8.22 8.24 

7 7.41 7.28 7.35 7.58 8.20 8.23 8.40 8.25 8.30 8.25 8.23 8.24 

8 7.38 7.29 7.35 7.59 8.24 8.21 8.41 8.26 8.22 8.23 8.22 8.23 

9 7.37 7.29 7.37 7.59 8.25 8.25 8.27 8.27 8.23 8.22 8.21 8.22 

10 7.36 7.27 7.37 7.60 8.24 8.23 8.20 8.29 8.23 8.24 8.23 8.21 

11 7.35 7.25 7.37 7.62 8.22 8.15 8.37 8.24 8.22 8.23 8.22 8.23 

12 7.34 7.24 7.37 7.63 8.21 8.11 8.42 8.14 8.21 8.23 8.20 8.31 

13 7.34 7.24 7.37 7.65 8.18 8.33 8.26 8.09 8.20 8.22 8.18 8.35 

14 7.33 7.26 7.38 7.67 8.16 8.32 8.25 8.11 8.20 8.32 8.17 8.27 

15 7.33 7.30 7.38 7.68 8.17 8.14 8.36 8.23 8.20 8.30 8.15 8.33 

16 7.31 7.31 7.39 7.70 8.22 8.06 8.39 8.30 8.19 8.28 8.13 8.39 

17 7.31 7.30 7.38 7.71 8.25 8.01 8.27 8.25 8.17 8.27 8.12 8.43 

18 7.30 7.28 7.38 7.72 8.23 8.00 8.17 8.20 8.31 8.26 8.13 8.41 

19 7.30 7.28 7.38 7.74 8.21 8.01 8.23 8.17 8.29 8.23 8.13 8.25 

20 7.28 7.28 7.38 7.76 8.19 8.09 8.29 8.24 8.20 8.24 8.11 8.17 

21 7.28 7.28 7.38 7.80 8.17 8.26 8.29 8.32 8.25 8.24 8.09 8.16 

22 7.27 7.28 7.38 7.82 8.15 8.29 8.26 8.36 8.26 8.22 8.08 8.23 

23 7.28 7.28 7.38 7.83 8.14 8.14 8.25 8.38 8.28 8.20 8.09 8.29 

24 7.28 7.30 7.38 7.86 8.12 8.06 8.24 8.34 8.29 8.19 8.18 8.26 

25 7.26 7.25 7.38 7.87 8.11 8.02 8.23 8.28 8.32 8.18 8.23 8.21 

26 7.25 7.26 7.38 7.87 8.10 8.05 8.19 8.23 8.33 8.17 8.23 8.24 

27 7.24 7.28 7.38 7.88 8.11 8.15 8.21 8.29 8.26 8.19 8.23 8.26 

28 7.23 7.32 7.39 7.91 8.12 8.24 8.22 8.34 8.29 8.24 8.23 8.25 

29 7.22 7.33 7.39 8.06 --- 8.29 8.24 8.35 8.33 8.25 8.24 8.26 

30 7.21 7.34 7.40 8.18 --- 8.27 8.30 8.31 8.31 8.25 8.23 8.28 

31 7.22 --- 7.42 8.26 --- 8.18 --- 8.21 --- 8.26 8.22 --- 

Mean 7.33 7.27 7.37 7.73 8.20 8.17 8.26 8.25 8.27 8.25 8.19 8.26 

Max 7.45 7.34 7.42 8.26 8.28 8.33 8.42 8.38 8.44 8.32 8.25 8.43 

Min 7.21 7.19 7.33 7.42 8.10 8.00 8.07 8.09 8.17 8.17 8.08 8.16 

 
 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 

56789

GAGE HEIGHT, IN FEET

C

DAILY AVERAMANUAL STA

 Stage hydrograph for Wind Lake, 1985-2006.

162 
424915088083900 WIND LAKE AT WIND LAKE, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 42°49'15", long 88°08'39", in NW 1⁄4 SW 1⁄4 sec.9, T.4 N., R.20 E., Racine County, Hydro

at Wind Lake. 

PERIOD OF RECORD.--February 1985 to current year. REMARKS.--Lake sampled near center at the deep hole. Water-quality analyses done by Wisconsin 

Hygiene. 

WATER-QUALITY DATA, APRIL 5 TO OCTOBER 5, 2006 

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated) 

 Chloro- Ortho-  Specif. pH, phyll a phos-  Trans- conduc- water, wat unf Phos- phate,  parency Sam- Temper- tance, unfltrd Dis- trichr. phorus, water,  Gage Secchi pling ature, wat unf field, solved method, water, fltrd,  Date Time height, disc, depth, water, uS/cm std oxygen, uncorr, unfltrd mg/L  feet meters meters deg C 25 degC units mg/L ug/L mg/L as P  (00065) (00078) (00098) (00010) (00095) (00400) (00300) (32210) (00665) (00671)  APR 2006  05... 0935 -- -- .50 7.3 694 8.1 11.6 6.89 .029 .003  05... 0950 -- -- 15.0 6.9 693 8.0 11.2 -- .034 --  05... 0955 8.26 2.00 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  JUN  12... 1640 -- -- .50 20.2 710 8.3 9.0 3.46 .028 --  12... 1656 -- -- 15.5 13.0 745 7.3 .2 -- .190 --  12... 1700 8.21 2.83 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  JUL  13... 1320 -- -- .50 26.3 700 8.4 9.0 9.54 .080 .003  13... 1332 -- -- 15.0 13.0 733 7.0 0.0 -- .273 --  13... 1335 8.22 1.65 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  AUG  23... 1400 -- -- .50 25.7 697 8.6 9.9 6.82 .028 --  23... 1406 -- -- 6.0 23.2 716 7.9 3.4 -- .017 --  23... 1410 -- -- 9.0 14.9 751 7.2 .2 -- .035 --  23... 1413 -- -- 12.0 13.6 760 7.2 .1 -- .158 --  23... 1416 -- -- 15.0 13.4 766 7.1 .1 -- .251 --  23... 1420 8.09 2.15 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  OCT  05... 1350 -- -- .50 16.0 680 8.2 9.1 7.58 .026 --  05... 1402 -- -- 15.0 15.0 682 8.0 7.4 -- .039 --  05... 1405 8.14 2.30 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

163 
424915088083900 WIND LAKE AT WIND LAKE, WI

WATER-QUALITY DATA, APRIL 5 TO OCTOBER 5, 2006--CONTINUED 

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated) 

 Ammonia Ammonia Nitrite Appar-  + + + ent  Ammonia org-N, org-N, nitrate color, Hard- Magnes-  Sam- water, water, water, water water, ness, Calcium ium, Sodium,  pling fltrd, fltrd, unfltrd fltrd, Tur- unfltrd water, water, water, water,  Date depth, mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L bidity, Pt-Co mg/L as fltrd, fltrd, fltrd,  meters as N as N as N as N NTU units CaCO3 mg/L mg/L mg/L  (00098) (00608) (00623) (00625) (00631) (00076) (00081) (00900) (00915) (00925) (00930)  APR 2006  05... .50 .049 -- 1.0 .633 1.9 30 240 48.6 29.5 53.0  05... 15.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  05... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  JUN  12... .50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  12... 15.5 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  12... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  JUL  13... .50 .033 1.4 -- <.019 -- -- -- -- -- --  13... 15.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  13... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  AUG  23... .50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  23... 6.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  23... 9.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  23... 12.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  23... 15.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  23... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  OCT  05... .50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  05... 15.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  05... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

164 
424915088083900 WIND LAKE AT WIND LAKE, WI

WATER-QUALITY DATA, APRIL 5 TO OCTOBER 5, 2006--CONTINUED 

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated) 

 ANC, Residue  wat unf on  fixed Chlor- Mangan- evap.  Sam- end pt, ide, Sulfate Silica, Iron, ese, at Sam-  pling lab, water, water, water, water, water, 180degC pling  Date depth, mg/L as fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, fltrd, wat flt method,  meters CaCO3 mg/L mg/L mg/L ug/L ug/L mg/L code  (00098) (00417) (00940) (00945) (00955) (01046) (01056) (70300) (82398)  APR 2006  05... .50 148 98.2 56.6 .415 <100 M 452 50  05... 15.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50  05... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  JUN  12... .50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50  12... 15.5 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50  12... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  JUL  13... .50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50  13... 15.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50  13... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  AUG  23... .50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50  23... 6.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50  23... 9.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50  23... 12.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50  23... 15.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50  23... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  OCT  05... .50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50  05... 15.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50  05... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

165 
0 10 20 30

1612

840

0 10 20

SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELSIUS

04-05-06 06-12-06

0 10 20 30

1612

840

0 10 20

08-23-06 10-05-06

0 10 20 30

1612

840

0 10 20

07-20-06

DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

0 10 20 

1612

840

0 10 

0 10 20 30

1612

840

0 10 20

650 700 750 800 850

1612

840

6 7 8 9 10

650 700 750 800 850

1612

840

6 7 8 9 10

WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELSIUS

650 700 750 800 850

1612

840

6 7 8 9 10

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS

650 700 750 800 850

1612

840

6 7 8 9 10

650 700 750 8

1612

840

6 7 8 

W.T.

D.O.

S.C. pH

DEPTH, IN METERS DEPTH, IN METERS

424915088083900 WIND LAKE AT WIND LAKE, WI

LAKE-DEPTH PROFILES, APRIL 5 TO OCTOBER 5, 2006 

166 
 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 30

40

50

60

70

80

Total Phosphorus

Chlorophyll a

Secchi depth Eutrophic

 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 4

3

2

1

0

 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 0

50

100

150

 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 0.00

0.03

0.06

0.09

0.12

0.15

CHLOROPHYLL a CONCENTRATION, IN MICROGRAMS PER LITER SECCHI DEPTH, IN METERS TROPHIC STATE INDEX

 Surface total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths,

 and TSI data for Wind Lake, Deep Hole, at Wind Lake, Wisconsin.

Mesotrophic

TOTAL PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATION, IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

Oligotrophic

167 
168 

04082500 LAKE WINNEBAGO AT OSHKOSH, WI 

LOCATION.--Lat 44°00′35′′, long 88°31′38′′ referenced to North American Datum of 1927, in NE 1⁄4 NE 1⁄4 

sec.25, T.18 N., R.16 E., Winnebago County, WI, Hydrologic Unit 04030203, 800 ft east of mouth of 

the upper Fox River. 

 

DRAINAGE AREA.--5,880 mi2. 

PERIOD OF RECORD.--October 1938 to current year in reports of Geological Survey. Records from July 

1882 to September 1938 in files of Geological Survey and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. A report on 

Fox River by U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, published as House Document No. 146, 67th Congress, 2nd 

session, contains semi-monthly records of inflow of Lake Winnebago for the period 1896-1917. 

REVISED RECORDS.--WDR WI-83-1: Drainage area. 

GAGE.--Water-stage recorder. Nonrecording gage read once daily October 1938 to October 1978. Datum 

of gage is 745.05 ft above mean tide at New York City (levels by U.S. Army Corps of Engineers). 

Datum of Deuchman gage is 745.00 ft above mean tide at New York City. 

REMARKS.--Lake elevations controlled by dams at Menasha and Neenah, which are operated in the 

interest of navigation. Crests of both dams are at elevation 746.73 ft. Present limits of 

regulation are from 21 1⁄4 in. above the crest of Menasha to crest during navigation season, plus 

additional 18 in. below crest during winter. Oshkosh staff gage gives true level of lake, while 

Deuchman gage readings are affected by loss of head in the channel between lake and dam. Datacollection platform and gage-height telemeter at station. 

 

EXTREMES FOR PERIOD OF RECORD.--Maximum gage height observed, 5.33 ft (Deuchman gage) Nov. 8, 1881; 

Minimum observed, -2.00 ft (Deuchman gage) Nov. 28, 1891. 

 

EXTREMES FOR CURRENT YEAR.--Maximum daily mean gage height, 2.98 ft, May 31; Minimum recorded, 1.59 

ft, March 1. 
169 

GAGE HEIGHT, FEET 

WATER YEAR OCTOBER 2005 TO SEPTEMBER 2006 

DAILY MEAN VALUES 

Day Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep 

1 2.69 2.66 2.53 2.31 2.04 1.61 2.03 2.41 2.95 2.83 2.71 2.60 

2 2.70 2.64 2.53 2.33 2.04 1.62 2.05 2.45 2.93 2.87 2.73 2.59 

3 2.71 2.65 2.56 2.35 2.05 1.61 2.05 2.50 2.91 2.88 2.72 2.57 

4 2.73 2.63 2.55 2.37 2.07 1.61 2.10 2.53 2.88 2.88 2.70 2.57 

5 2.73 2.68 2.54 2.39 2.07 1.61 2.14 2.56 2.86 2.85 2.67 2.58 

6 2.72 2.70 2.53 2.39 2.05 1.62 2.13 2.57 2.84 2.84 2.66 2.58 

7 2.79 2.73 2.52 2.37 2.03 1.62 2.22 2.56 2.91 2.80 2.71 2.55 

8 2.76 2.73 2.50 2.35 2.00 1.62 2.20 2.57 2.94 2.77 2.71 2.57 

9 2.75 2.55 2.49 2.33 1.98 1.64 2.22 2.59 2.94 2.79 2.69 2.61 

10 2.75 2.71 2.48 2.31 1.97 1.65 2.25 2.63 2.94 2.77 2.73 2.58 

11 2.76 2.65 2.47 2.29 1.95 1.67 2.26 2.65 2.90 2.75 2.71 2.59 

12 2.76 2.63 2.46 2.27 1.94 1.74 2.28 2.87 2.90 2.74 2.68 2.62 

13 2.77 2.43 2.45 2.25 1.92 1.85 2.36 2.89 2.89 2.73 2.64 2.61 

14 2.76 2.63 2.44 2.24 1.89 1.94 2.36 2.94 2.90 2.72 2.62 2.62 

15 2.74 2.61 2.45 2.20 1.87 1.96 2.42 2.94 2.88 2.73 2.64 2.62 

16 2.76 2.51 2.45 2.17 1.87 1.95 2.44 2.93 2.88 2.70 2.64 2.63 

17 2.72 2.64 2.44 2.16 1.88 1.96 2.43 2.92 2.88 2.70 2.61 2.61 

18 2.74 2.59 2.43 2.16 1.85 1.98 2.44 2.86 2.89 2.73 2.62 2.62 

19 2.72 2.57 2.42 2.12 1.82 2.00 2.43 2.84 2.89 2.68 2.63 2.62 

20 2.73 2.56 2.40 2.10 1.78 2.00 2.43 2.76 2.91 2.71 2.62 2.63 

21 2.72 2.57 2.39 2.08 1.75 1.99 2.45 2.75 2.86 2.69 2.58 2.62 

22 2.69 2.57 2.38 2.06 1.73 2.00 2.46 2.73 2.91 2.66 2.60 2.61 

23 2.76 2.52 2.36 2.04 1.72 2.02 2.49 2.72 2.89 2.65 2.59 2.60 

24 2.73 2.43 2.35 2.01 1.70 2.02 2.49 2.75 2.86 2.61 2.59 2.62 

25 2.72 2.53 2.34 2.00 1.68 2.03 2.49 2.78 2.91 2.63 2.59 2.61 

26 2.71 2.50 2.33 1.97 1.66 2.04 2.44 2.86 2.88 2.66 2.61 2.61 

27 2.70 2.51 2.32 1.95 1.64 2.03 2.47 2.87 2.87 2.69 2.61 2.61 

28 2.68 2.55 2.31 1.94 1.62 2.02 2.43 2.89 2.88 2.67 2.61 2.63 

29 2.66 2.49 2.30 2.00 --- 2.02 2.44 2.91 2.87 2.66 2.62 2.61 

30 2.64 2.55 2.30 2.04 --- 2.02 2.47 2.93 2.87 2.70 2.62 2.59 

31 2.66 --- 2.31 2.05 --- 1.98 --- 2.98 --- 2.71 2.61 --- 

Mean 2.72 2.59 2.43 2.18 1.88 1.85 2.33 2.75 2.89 2.74 2.65 2.60 

Max 2.79 2.73 2.56 2.39 2.07 2.04 2.49 2.98 2.95 2.88 2.73 2.63 

Min 2.64 2.43 2.30 1.94 1.62 1.61 2.03 2.41 2.84 2.61 2.58 2.55 

 
04084255 LAKE WINNEBAGO NEAR STOCKBRIDGE, WI 

LOCATION.--Lat 44°04′14′′, long 88°19′44′′ referenced to North American Datum of 1983, Calumet 

County, WI, Hydrologic Unit 04030203, Stockbridge Indian Reservation, on east shore of Lake 

Winnebago, 300 ft south of County Highway E and 1.6 mi west of Stockbridge. 

DRAINAGE AREA.--5,880 mi2. 

PERIOD OF RECORD.--November 1982 to current year. 

GAGE.--Water-stage recorder. Datum of gage is 745.05 ft above mean tide of New York City (levels by 

U. S. Army Corps of Engineers). 

REMARKS.--Lake elevations controlled by dams at Menasha and Neenah, which are operated in the 

interest of navigation. Crests of both dams are at elevation 746.73 ft. Present limits of 

regulation are from 21 1⁄4 in. above the crest of Menasha dam to crest during navigation season, 

plus additional 18 in. below crest during winter. Data-collection platform and gage-height 

telemeter at station. 

EXTREMES FOR PERIOD OF RECORD.--Maximum daily mean gage height, 3.85 ft, July 9, 11, 1993; minimum 

observed, 0.30 ft, Mar. 1, 1986. 

EXTREMES FOR CURRENT YEAR.--Maximum daily mean gage height, 2.92 ft, May 31, June 19; minimum 

recorded, 1.52 ft, Mar. 5.

GAGE HEIGHT, FEET 

WATER YEAR OCTOBER 2005 TO SEPTEMBER 2006 

DAILY MEAN VALUES 

Day Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep 

1 2.66 2.64 2.52 2.26 2.00 1.57 2.01 2.31 2.91 2.87 2.71 2.50 

2 2.64 2.62 2.54 2.28 2.00 1.59 1.97 2.41 2.87 2.87 2.69 2.50 

3 2.67 2.58 2.50 2.30 2.01 1.58 2.03 2.49 2.84 2.84 2.68 2.52 

4 2.68 2.60 2.51 2.32 2.05 1.58 2.15 2.56 2.83 2.82 2.67 2.53 

5 2.71 2.55 2.50 2.34 2.05 1.57 2.10 2.55 2.83 2.82 2.64 2.54 

6 2.82 2.68 2.49 2.34 2.02 1.60 2.07 2.53 2.86 2.80 2.67 2.52 

7 2.65 2.70 2.47 2.32 1.98 1.59 2.03 2.55 2.87 2.79 2.66 2.54 

8 2.64 2.66 2.45 2.29 1.96 1.59 2.13 2.54 2.87 2.79 2.63 2.54 

9 2.65 2.81 2.44 2.28 1.94 1.61 2.20 2.55 2.84 2.74 2.65 2.45 

10 2.66 2.73 2.42 2.25 1.92 1.62 2.20 2.60 2.81 2.69 2.61 2.43 

11 2.67 2.61 2.43 2.23 1.91 1.63 2.22 2.63 2.82 2.67 2.59 2.42 

12 2.70 2.61 2.42 2.22 1.89 1.71 2.28 2.79 2.82 2.68 2.61 2.48 

13 2.71 2.83 2.40 2.21 1.87 1.85 2.31 2.81 2.84 2.68 2.62 2.55 

14 2.74 2.55 2.39 2.19 1.84 1.94 2.33 2.80 2.81 2.68 2.66 2.58 

15 2.76 2.48 2.40 2.13 1.83 1.94 2.36 2.86 2.83 2.71 2.64 2.58 

16 2.70 2.79 2.40 2.11 1.84 1.93 2.28 2.90 2.87 2.71 2.59 2.58 

17 2.73 2.71 2.39 2.12 1.85 1.94 2.31 2.88 2.87 2.69 2.58 2.61 

18 2.71 2.62 2.37 2.12 1.81 1.96 2.34 2.84 2.89 2.67 2.57 2.73 

19 2.67 2.58 2.36 2.07 1.77 1.97 2.34 2.79 2.92 2.65 2.56 2.70 

20 2.66 2.58 2.35 2.05 1.73 1.97 2.39 2.74 2.85 2.65 2.56 2.62 

21 2.64 2.58 2.34 2.02 1.71 1.96 2.43 2.70 2.87 2.61 2.58 2.56 

22 2.68 2.51 2.31 1.99 1.69 1.99 2.45 2.68 2.87 2.62 2.55 2.50 

23 2.61 2.52 2.31 1.97 1.68 1.99 2.46 2.68 2.81 2.60 2.53 2.58 

24 2.62 2.58 2.30 1.97 1.66 1.99 2.43 2.70 2.81 2.62 2.48 2.61 

25 2.63 2.53 2.29 1.97 1.65 2.00 2.39 2.74 2.79 2.62 2.54 2.64 

26 2.63 2.44 2.28 1.92 1.63 2.00 2.46 2.81 2.80 2.67 2.55 2.60 

27 2.64 2.45 2.27 1.88 1.61 1.98 2.38 2.81 2.84 2.63 2.56 2.58 

28 2.64 2.48 2.26 1.89 1.59 1.98 2.34 2.84 2.83 2.65 2.55 2.57 

29 2.64 2.57 2.26 1.97 --- 1.98 2.28 2.87 2.85 2.64 2.54 2.58 

30 2.64 2.54 2.25 2.01 --- 1.96 2.23 2.89 2.84 2.66 2.51 2.59 

31 2.64 --- 2.27 2.00 --- 2.01 --- 2.92 --- 2.70 2.50 --- 

Mean 2.67 2.60 2.38 2.13 1.84 1.83 2.26 2.70 2.85 2.70 2.60 2.56 

Max 2.82 2.83 2.54 2.34 2.05 2.01 2.46 2.92 2.92 2.87 2.71 2.73 

Min 2.61 2.44 2.25 1.88 1.59 1.57 1.97 2.31 2.79 2.60 2.48 2.42 

170 
WISCONSIN WATER SCIENCE CENTER PUBLICATIONS PERTAINING TO LAKES

The reports published in a U.S. Geological Survey series are for sale by the U.S. Geological 

Survey, Box 25425, Federal Center, Denver, CO 80225. Prepayment is required. Remittance 

should be sent by check or money order payable to the U.S. Geological Survey. Prices can be 

obtained by writing to the above address or by calling (303) 236-7476. Reprints of journal 

articles may be obtained by writing directly to the author at U.S. Geological Survey, 8505 

Research Way, Middleton, WI 53562. 

2006 

Garn, H.S., Robertson, D.M., Rose, W.J., Goddard, G.L., and Horwatich, J.A., 2006, Water 

quality, hydrology, and response to changes in phosphorus loading of Nagawicka Lake, a 

calcareous lake in Waukesha County, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific 

Investigations Report 2006-5273, 41p. 

Magnuson, J.J., Benson, B.J., Lenters, J.D, and Robertson, D.M., 2006, Climate driven 

variability and change, Chapter 7, In Magnuson, J.J., Kratz, T.K, and Benson, B.J eds. Longterm dynamics of lakes in the landscape, Oxford University Press, p 123–150. 

Saad, D.A., 2005, Pesticides in surface water, bed sediment, and ground water adjacent to 

commercial cranberry bogs, Lac du Flambeau Reservation, Vilas County, Wisconsin: U.S. 

Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5262, 29 p. 

2005 

Marzolf, G.R., and Robertson, D.M., 2005, Reservoir, In Encyclopedia of Hydrological 

Sciences: Anderson, M.G., and McDonnell, J.J., eds., v. 4, part 9, John Wiley & Sons, p. 

1675-1680. 

Robertson, D.M., Rose, W.J., and Saad, D.A., 2005, Water quality, hydrology, and phosphorus 

loading to Little St. Germain Lake, Wisconsin, with special emphasis on the effects of winter 

aeration and ground-water inputs: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 

2005–5071, 36 p. 

2004 

Dupre, D.H., and Robertson, D.M., 2004, Water quality of Nippersink Creek and Wonder Lake, 

McHenry County, Illinois, 1994–2001: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations 

Report 2004–5085. 

Rose, W.J., Robertson, D.M., and Mergener, E.A., 2004, Water quality, hydrology, and the 

effects of changes in phosphorus loading to Pike Lake, Washington County, Wisconsin, with 

special emphasis on inlet-to-outlet short-circuiting: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific 

Investigations Report 2004–5141, 32 p. 

171 
2003 

Dunning, C.P., Thomas, J.C., and Lin, Y.F., 2003, Simulation of the shallow aquifer in the 

vicinity of Silver Lake, Washington County, Wisconsin, using analytic elements: U.S. 

Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 02–4204, 29 p. 

Fitzpatrick, F.A., Garrison, P.J., Fitzgerald, S.A., and Elder, J.F., 2003, Nutrient, trace-element, 

and ecological history of Musky Bay, Lac Courte Oreilles, Wisconsin, as inferred from 

sediment cores: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 02–4225, 

141 p. 

Fitzpatrick, F.A., and Peppler, M.C., 2003, Sedimentation and sediment chemistry, Neopit Mill 

Pond, Menominee Indian Reservation, Wisconsin, 2001: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File 

Report 03–23, 58 p. 

Garn, H.S., Elder, J.F., and Robertson, D.M., 2003, Why study lakes? An overview of U.S. 

Geological Survey lake studies in Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet FS–063–03, 

8 p. 

Graczyk, D.G., Hunt, R.J., Greb, S.R., Buchwald, C.A., and Krohelski, J.T., 2003, Hydrology, 

water quality, and yields, from near-shore flows to four lakes in northern Wisconsin, 1999–

2001: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 03–4144. 64 p. 

Hunt, R.J., 2003, Ground water-lake interaction modeling using the LAK3 Package for 

MODFLOW2000: Ground Water, vol. 41, no. 2, p. 114–118. 

Hunt, R.J., Haitjema, H.M., Krohelski, J.T., and Feinstein, D.T., 2003, Simulating ground waterlake interactions: approaches and insights: Ground Water, vol. 41, no. 22, p. 227–237. 

Hunt, R.J., Pint, C.D., and Anderson, M.P., 2003, Using diverse data types to calibrate a 

watershed model of the Trout Lake Basin, northern Wisconsin, In MODFLOW and More 

2003—Understanding through modeling: Proceedings of the 5th International Conference of 

the International Ground Water Modeling Center. Golden, CO: Colorado School of Mines, p. 

600–604. 

Hunt, R.J., Saad, D.A., and Chapel, D.M., 2003, Numerical simulation of ground water flow in 

La Crosse County, Wisconsin and into nearby pools of the Mississippi River: U.S. 

Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 03–4154. 36 p. 

John, R., Pint, C.D., Anderson, M.P., and Hunt, R.J., 2003, The effects of potential climate 

change on lake levels and lake capture zones, In MODFLOW and More 2003—

Understanding through modeling: Proceedings of the 5th International Conference of the 

International Ground Water Modeling Center. Golden, CO: Colorado School of Mines, p. 

212–216. 

Magnuson, J.J., Krohelski, J.T., Kunkel, K.E., and Robertson, D.M., 2003, Wisconsin's waters 

and climate—historical changes and possible futures, In Wisconsin's waters: a confluence of 

perspectives: Transactions of the Wisconsin Academy, p. 23–36. 

Pint, C.D., Hunt, R.J., and Anderson, M.P., 2003, Flow path delineation and ground water age, 

Allequash Basin, Wisconsin: Ground Water, vol. 41, no. 7, p. 895–902. 

172 
Robertson, D.M., Rose, W.J., and Garn, H.S., 2003, Water quality and the effects of changes in 

phosphorus loading, Red Cedar Lakes, Barron and Washburn Counties, Wisconsin: U.S. 

Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 03–4238, 42 p. 

Robertson, D.M., Rose, W.J., and Saad, D.A., 2003, Water quality and the effects of changes in 

phosphorus loading to Muskellunge Lake, Vilas County, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey 

Water-Resources Investigations Report 03–4011, 18 p. 

2002 

Anderson, M.P., Hunt, R.J., Krohelski, J.T., and Chung, K., 2002, Using high hydraulic 

conductivity nodes to simulate seepage lakes: Ground Water 40(2), p. 119–124. 

Garn, H. S., 2002, Effects of lawn fertilizer on nutrient concentration in runoff from lakeshore 

lawns, Lauderdale Lakes, Wisconsin: USGS Water-Resources Investigations Report 02–

4130, 6 p. 

Kelson, V.A., Hunt, R.J., and Haitjema, H.M., 2002, Improving a regional model using reduced 

complexity and parameter estimation: Ground Water, vol. 40, no. 2, p. 138–149. 

Krohelski, J.T., Lin, Y., Rose, W.J., and Hunt, R.J., 2002, Simulation of Fish, Mud and Crystal 

Lakes and the shallow ground-water system, Dane County, Wisconsin: USGS WaterResources Investigations Report 02–20. 

Krohelski, J.T., Rose, W.J., and Hunt, R.J., 2002, Hydrologic investigation of Powell Marsh and 

its relationship to Dead Pike Lake Vilas County, Wisconsin: USGS Water-Resources 

Investigations Report 02–4034. 

Madenjian, C.P., Fahenstiel, G.L., Johengen, T.H., Nalepa, T.F., Venderploeg, H.A., Fleischer, 

G.W., Schneeberger, P.J., Benjamin, D.M., Smith, E.B., Bence, J.R., Rutherford, E.S., 

Lavis, D.S., Robertson, D.M., Jude, D.J., and Ebener, M.P., 2002, Dynamics of the Lake 

Michigan food web, 1970–2000: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Vol. 

59, p. 736–753. 

Robertson, D.M., Goddard, G.L, Mergerer, E.A., Rose, W.J., and Garrison, P.J., 2002, 

Hydrology and water quality of Geneva Lake, Walworth County, Wisconsin: U.S. 

Geological Survey Water Resources Investigations Report 02–4039, 73 p. 

Robertson, D.M., and Lenz, B.N., 2002, Response of the St. Croix River Pools, Wisconsin and 

Minnesota, to various phosphorus-loading scenarios: U.S. Geological Survey WaterResources Investigations Report 02–4181, 36 p. 

2001 

Hunt, R.J., Bradbury, K.R., and Krohelski, J.T., 2001, The effects of large-scale pumping and 

diversion on the water resources in Dane County, Wisconsin: USGS Fact Sheet FS–127–01, 

4 p. 

Hunt, R.J., Haitjema, H.M., Krohelski, J.T., and Feinstein, D.T., 2001, Simulating groundwaterlake interactions with models: MODFLOW and analytic element approaches, In MODFLOW 

2001 and Other Modeling Odysseys: Proceedings of the 4th International Conference of the 

International Ground Water Modeling Center. Golden, CO: Colorado School of Mines, p. 

328–334. 

173 
Lin, Y., Krohelski, J.T., and Hunt, R.J., 2001, Simulation of lake stage in two seepage lakes in 

southcentral Wisconsin using the LAK3 package for MODFLOW, In MODFLOW 2001 and 

Other Modeling Odysseys: Proceedings of the 4th International Conference of the 

International Ground Water Modeling Center. Golden, CO: Colorado School of Mines, p. 

411–417. 

2000 

Elder, J.F., Robertson, D.M., and Garrison, P.J., 2000, Chemical composition of surficial 

deposits in Geneva Lake, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet FS–121–00. 

Elder J.F., Rybicki, N.B., Carter, V.P., and Weintraub, V., 2000, Sources and yields of dissolved 

carbon in northern Wisconsin stream catchments with differing amounts of peatland: Wetlands, vol. 20, no. 1, p.113–125. 

Hunt, R.J., Graczyk, D.J., and Rose, W.J., 2000, Water flows in the Necedah National Wildlife 

Refuge: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet FS–068–00, 4 p. 

Hunt, R.J., Lin, J., Krohelski, J.T., and Juckem, P.F., 2000, Simulation of the shallow hydrologic 

system in the vicinity of Middle Genesee Lake, Wisconsin, using analytic elements and 

parameter estimation: U.S. Geological Survey Water Resources Investigations Report 00–

4136, 16 p. 

Lathrop, R.C., Carpenter, S.R., and Robertson, D.M., 2000, Interacting factors causing 

exceptional water clarity in Lakes Mendota and Monona, Wisconsin: Proc. of the 

International Limnological Society, SIL, Dublin, Ireland, August, 1998. 

Magnuson, J.J., Robertson, D.M. Wynne, R.H., Benson, B.J., Livigstone, D.M., Arai, T., Assel, 

R.A., Barry, R.G., Card, V., Kuusisto, E., Granin, N.G., Prowse, T.D., Stewart, K.M., and 

Vuglinski, V.S., 2000, Historical trends in lake and river ice cover in the northern 

hemisphere: Science, Vol. 289, No. 5485, p. 1743–1746. 

Magnuson, J.J., Wynne, R.H., Benson, B.J., and Robertson, D.M., 2000, Lake and river ice as a 

powerful indicator of past and present climates: Proc. of the International Limnological 

Society, SIL, Dublin, Ireland, August, 1998. 

Robertson, D.M., 2000, One-dimensional simulation of stratification and dissolved oxygen in 

McCook Reservoir, Illinois: U.S. Geological Survey Water Resources Investigations Report 

00–4258, 17 p. 

Robertson, D.M., Goddard, G.L., Helsel, D.R., and MacKinnon, K.L., 2000, Rehabilitation of 

Delavan Lake, Wisconsin: Lake and Reservoir Management, vol. 20, vo. 3, p. 155–176. 

Robertson, D.M., and Rose, W.J., 2000, Hydrology, water quality, and phosphorus loading of 

Little St. Germain Lake, Vilas County, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water Resources 

Investigations Report 00–4209, 8 p. 

Robertson, D.M., Wynne, R.H., and Chang, W.Y.B., 2000, Variability in ice cover across the 

northern hemisphere during the 1900's associated with El Nino events: Proceedings of the 

International Limnological Society, SIL, Dublin, Ireland, August, 1998. 

174 
Saad, D.A., and Robertson, D.M., 2000, Water-resources-related information for the St. Croix 

Reservation and vicinity, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water Resources 

Investigations Report 00–4133, 65 p. 

Johnson, G.P., Hornewer, N.J., Robertson, D.M., and Olson, D.T., 2000, Methodology, data collection, and data analysis for determination of water-mixing patterns induced by aerators and 

mixers: U.S. Geological Survey Water Resources Investigations Report 00–4101, 72 p. 

Grannemann, N.G., Hunt, R.J., Nicholas, J.R. Reilly, T.E., and Winter, T.C., 2000, The 

importance of ground water to the Great Lakes Region: U.S. Geological Survey Water 

Resources Investigations Report 00–4008, 12 p. 

1999 

Lathrop, R.C., Carpenter, S.R., and Robertson, D.M., 1999, Summer water clarity responses to 

phosphorus, Daphnia grazing, and internal mixing in Lake Mendota: Limnology and Oceanography, vol. 44, no. 1, p. 137–146. 

Krohelski, J.T., Feinstein, D.T., and Lenz, B.N., 1999, Simulation of stage and hydrologic 

budget for Shell Lake, Washburn County, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey WaterResources Investigations Report 99–4209, 23 p. 

Panuska, J.C., and Robertson, D.M., 1999, Estimating phosphorus concentrations following alum 

treatment using apparent settling velocities: Lakes and Reservoir Management, vol. 15, no. 1, 

p. 28–38. 

1998 

Hunt, R.J, Anderson, M.P., and Kelson, V.A., 1998, Improving a complex finite-difference 

ground water flow model through the use of an analytic element screening model: Ground 

Water, vol. 36, no. 6, p. 1011–1017. 

Hunt, R.J, Anderson, M.P., and Kelson, V.A., 1998, Linking an analytic element flow code to 

MODFLOW— Implementation and benefits, In MODFLOW’98: Proceedings of the 3rd 

International Conference of the International Ground Water Center. Golden, CO: Colorado 

School of Mines, p 477–504. 

Krabbenhoft, D.P., Gilmour, C.C., Benoit, J.M., Babiarz, C.L., Andren, A.W., and Hurley, J.P., 

1998, Methyl mercury dynamics in littoral sediments of a temperate lake: Canadian Journal 

of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, vol. 55, p. 835–844. 

Robertson, D.M., Elder, J.F., Goddard, G.L., and James, W.F., 1998, Dynamics in phosphorus 

retention in wetlands upstream of Delavan Lake, Wisconsin: Lakes and Reservoir 

Management, vol. 14, no. 4, p. 466–477. 

Rose, W.J., and Robertson, D.M., 1998, Hydrology, water quality, and phosphorus loading of 

Kirby Lake, Barron County, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet FS–066–98, 4 p. 

Walker, J.F. and Krabbenhoft, D.P., 1998, Groundwater and surface-water interactions in 

riparian and lake-dominated systems, In Kendall, C. and McDonnell, J.J. eds., Isotope tracers 

in catchment hydrology, Elsevier Publishing, New York, 839 p. 

175 
1997 

Elder, J.F., Manion, B.J., and Goddard, G.L., 1997, Mesocosm experiments to assess factors affecting phosphorus retention and release in an extended Wisconsin wetland: U.S. Geological 

Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 97–4272, 14 p. 

Goddard, G.L., and Elder, J.F., 1997, Retention of sediments and nutrients in Jackson Creek 

Wetland near Delavan Lake, Wisconsin, 1993–95: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources 

Investigations Report 97–4014, 22 p. 

Hornewer, N.J., Johnson, G.P., Robertson, D.M. and Hondzo, M., 1997, Field-scale tests for 

determining mixing patterns associated with coarse-bubble air diffuser configurations, Egan 

Quarry, Illinois, In Environmental and Coastal Hydraulics: Protecting the Aquatic Habitat, 

Proceedings of the International Association of Hydraulic Research, San Francisco, CA, 

USA, p. 57–63. 

Robertson, D.M., 1997, Regionalized loads of sediment and phosphorus to Lakes Michigan and 

Superior—High flow and long-term average: Journal of Great Lakes Research, vol. 23, p. 

416–439. 

1996 

Anderson, W.L., Robertson, D.M., and Magnuson, J.J., 1996, Evidence of recent warming and El 

Nino-related variation in ice breakup of Wisconsin lakes: Limnology and Oceanography, vol. 

41, p. 815–821. 

Elder, J.F. and Goddard, G.L., 1996, Sediment and nutrient trapping efficiency of a constructed 

wetland near Delavan Lake, Wisconsin, 1993–1995: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet FS–

232–96. 

Garn, H.S., Olson, D.L., Seidel, T.L., and Rose, W.J., 1996, Hydrology and water quality of Lauderdale Lakes, Walworth County, Wisconsin, 1993–94: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96–4235, 29 p. 

Hunt, R.J. and Krohelski, J.T., 1996, The application of an analytical element model to 

investigate groundwater-lake interactions at Pretty Lake, Wisconsin: Lake and Reservoir 

Management, vol. 12, p. 487–495. 

Imberger, J., Robertson, D.M., and Boland, K., 1996, Lake Number—A quantitative indicator of 

mixing to be used in water quality management: Scientific Impeller, Solna, Sweden, no. 4, p. 

9–15. 

Kammerer, P.A., Jr., 1996, Hydrology and water quality of Park Lake, South-central Wisconsin: 

U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet FS–197–96. 

Robertson, D.M., Field, S.J, Elder, J.F., Goddard, G.L., and James, W.F., 1996, Phosphorus dynamics of Delavan Lake Inlet in southeastern Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96–4160, 18 p. 

176 
1995 

Assel, R.A. and Robertson, D.M. 1995, Changes in winter air temperatures near Lake Michigan 

during 1851–1993, as determined from regional lake-ice records: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 40, p 165–176. 

Assel, R.A., Robertson, D.M., Hoff, M.H., and Selgeby, J.H., 1995, Climatic-change 

implications from long-term (1823–1994) ice records near the Laurentian Great Lakes: 

Annals of Glaciology, vol. 21, p. 383–386. 

Krabbenhoft, D.P., and Webster, K.E., 1995, Transient hydrogeological controls on the 

chemistry of a seepage lake: Water Resources Research, vol. 31, no. 9, p. 2295–2305. 

Krohelski, J.T. and Batten, W.G., 1995, Simulation of stage and the hydrologic budget of Devils 

Lake, Sauk County, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94–348, 22 p. 

Wentz, D.A., Rose, W.J., and Webster, K.E., 1995, Long-term hydrologic and biogeochemical 

responses of a soft water seepage lake in north central Wisconsin: Water Resources 

Research, vol. 31, no. 1, p. 199–212. 

1994 

Elder, J.F., 1994, Distribution and grain-size partitioning of metals in bottom sediments of an experimentally acidified lake: Water Resources Bulletin, vol. 30, no. 2, p. 251–259. 

Goddard, G.L., and Field, S.J., 1994, Hydrology and water quality of Whitewater and Rice Lakes 

in southeastern Wisconsin, 1990–91: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources 

Investigations Report 94–4101, 36 p. 

Greb, S.R., and Wentz, D.A., 1994, Chemical budgets, In Klepinger, K.E., ed., RILWAS 1983–

86: Wisconsin Regional Integrated Lake Watershed Acidification Study, Volume 1: 

Madison, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, PUBL–RS–909–94, Chapter 7, 20 p. 

Hurley, J.P., Krabbenhoft, D.P., Babiarz, C.L., and Andren, A.W., 1994, Cycling processes of 

mercury across sediment/water interfaces in seepage lakes, In Baker, L.A. ed., 

Environmental Chemistry of Lakes and Reservoirs: Advances in Chemistry Series, American 

Chemical Society, Washington, D.C., p. 426–449. 

Krabbenhoft, D.P., Bowser, C.J., Kendall, C., and Gat, J.R., 1994, Use of oxygen-19 and deuterium to assess the hydrology of ground-water/lake systems, In Baker, L.A. ed., Environmental 

Chemistry of Lakes and Reservoirs: Advances in Chemistry Series, American Chemical 

Society, Washington, D.C., p. 67–90. 

Robertson, D.M., Anderson, W., and Magnuson, J.J., 1994, Relations between El Nino/Southern 

Oscillation events and the climate and ice cover of lakes in Wisconsin, In Greenland, D. ed., 

El Nino and Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) Sites: Publication No. 18. LTER 

Network Office: University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA., p. 48–57. 

Robertson, D.M. and Imberger, J. 1994, Lake Number, a quantitative indicator of mixing used to 

estimate changes in dissolved oxygen, Internationale Revue der gesamten Hydrobiologie, v. 

79, p. 159–176. 

177 
Watras, C.J., Bloom, N.S., Hurley, J.P., Fitzgerald, W.F., Andren, A.W., Krabbenhoft, D.P., and 

Porcella, D.B., 1994, Sources and fates of mercury and methylmercury in Wisconsin lakes, 

In Watras and Huckabee eds., Mercury as a Global Pollutant: Intergration and Synthesis, 

Lewis Pub., Chelsea, MI., p 153–177. 

Wentz, D.A., 1994, Chemistry of snowpack and ground water, In Klepinger, K.E., ed., RILWAS 

1983–86: Wisconsin regional integrated lake watershed acidification study, volume 1: Madison, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, PUBL–RS–909–94, chapter 6, 45 p. 

Wentz, D.A., Krohelski, J.T., and Rose, W.J., 1994, Hydrology, In Klepinger, K.E., ed., 

RILWAS 1983–86: Wisconsin regional integrated lake watershed acidification study, volume 

1: Madison, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, PUBL–RS–909–94, chapter 7, 74 

p. 

1993 

Field, S.J., 1993, Hydrology and water quality of Powers Lake, southeastern Wisconsin: U.S. 

Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 90–4126, 36 p. 

Field, S.J., 1993, Hydrology and water quality of Wind Lake in southeastern Wisconsin: U.S. 

Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91–4107, 61 p. 

House, L.B., 1993, Simulation of the effects of hypothetical residential development on water 

levels in Graber Pond, Middleton, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources 

Investigations Report 92–4029, 10 p. 

House, L.B., Waschbusch, R.J., and Hughes, P.E., 1993, Water quality of an urban wet detention 

pond in Madison, Wisconsin, 1987–88: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93–172, 

57 p. 

Hughes, P.E., 1993, Hydrology, water quality, trophic status, and aquatic plants of Fowler Lake, 

Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91–4076, 44 p. 

Rose, W.J., 1993, Hydrology of Little Rock Lake in Vilas County, north-central Wisconsin: U.S. 

Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93–4139, 22 p. 

Rose, W.J., 1993, Water and phosphorus budgets and trophic state, Balsam Lake, northwestern 

Wisconsin, 1987–1989: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91–

4125, 28 p. 

1992 

Elder, J.F., Krabbenhoft, D.P, and Walker, J.F., 1992, Water, energy, and biogeochemical budgets (WEBB) program: Data availability and research at the northern temperate lakes site, 

Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 92–48, 15 p. 

Krabbenhoft, D.P., and Babiarz, C.L., 1992, Role of groundwater transport in aquatic mercury 

cycling: Water Resources Research, vol. 28, no. 12, p. 3119–3128. 

Krabbenhoft, D.P., and Krohelski, J.T., 1992, Data on water quality, lake sediment, and lakelevel fluctuation, St. Croix Indian Reservation, Wisconsin, 1981–87: U.S. Geological Survey 

Open-File Report 92–26, 53 p. 

178 
Robertson, D.M., Ragotzkie, R.A., and Magnuson, J.J. 1992, Lake ice records used to detect historical and future climatic changes: Climatic Change, v. 21, p. 407–427. 

1991 

Wentz, D.A., and Rose, W.J., 1991, Hydrology of Lakes Clara and Vandercook in north-central 

Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89–4204, 24 p. 

Watras, C.J., Andre, A.W., Bloom, N.S., Fitzgerald, W.F., Hurley, J.P., Krabbenhoft, D.P., Rada, 

R.G., Wiener, J.G., 1991, Mercury in temperate lakes: a mechanistic field study: Verhandlungen Internat. Verein. Limnologie, 24, p. 2199–2202. 

Pre-1990 

Walker, J.F., Pickard, S.A., and Sonzogni, W.C., 1989 Spreadsheet watershed modeling for nonpoint-source pollution management in a Wisconsin basin: Water Resources Bulletin, vol. 25, 

no. 1, p. 139–147. 

Wentz, D.A., Garrison, P.J., and Bockheim, J.G., 1989, Section 7—Chemical input-output budgets, In Knauer, D., and Brouwer, S.A., eds., The Wisconsin regional integrated lake watershed acidification study (RILWAS)—1981–1983: Palo Alto, California, Electric Power 

Research Institute Report EA–6214, p. 7–1 to 7–30. 

Wentz, D.A., and Rose, W.J., 1989, Interrelationships among hydrologic-budget components of 

a northern Wisconsin seepage lake and implications for acid-deposition modeling: Archives 

of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, vol. 18, p. 147–155. 

Wentz, D.A., Rose, W.J., and Krohelski, J.T., 1989, Section 5—Hydrologic component, in 

Knauer, D., and Brouwer, S.A., eds., The Wisconsin regional integrated lake watershed 

acidification study (RILWAS)—1981–1983: Palo Alto, California, Electric Power Research 

Institute Report EA–6214, p. 5–1 to 5–77. 

Field, S.J., and Duerk, M.D., 1988, Hydrology and water quality of Delavan Lake in 

southeastern Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87–

4168, 61 p. 

Krug, W.R., Ostenso, N.A., and Krohelski, J.T., 1988, Prediction of the effects of mine 

dewatering on four lakes near Crandon, Wisconsin, by use of a water-budget model: U.S. 

Geological Survey Open-File Report 87–471, 63 p. 

Wentz, D.A., Krohelski, J.T., Rose, W.J., Bockheim, J.G., Garrison, P.J., Knauer, D.R., and 

Goldstein, R.A., 1987, Hydrologic and chemical budgets of Wisconsin lakes, In Perry, R., 

Harrison, R.M., Bel, J.N.B., and Lester, J.N., eds., Acid Rain: Scientific and Technical 

Advances, Selper Ltd., London, p. 309–316. 

House, L.B., 1986, Stage fluctuations of Wisconsin Lakes: Wisconsin Geological and Natural 

History Survey Information Circular No. 49, 84 p. 

House, L.B., 1984, Effects of urbanization on three ponds in Middleton, Wisconsin: U.S. 

Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84–4051, 17 p. 

179 
Krug, W.R., and House, L.B., 1984, Evaluation of alternative reservoir-management practices in 

the Rock River basin, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations 

Report 83–4186, 21 p. 

House, L.B., 1981, An assessment of streamflow, water quality, and the effects of construction 

on impoundment on Bridge Creek at Augusta, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey WaterResources Investigations Open-File Report 81–1192, 25 p. 

Krug, W.R., 1981, Hydrologic effects of proposed changes in management practices, Winnebago 

Pool, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations 80–107, 19 p. 

Batten, W.G., and Hindall, S.M., 1980, Sediment deposition in the White River Reservoir, northwestern Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2069, 30 p. 

Novitzki, R.P., and Holmstrom, B.K., 1979, Monthly and annual water budgets of Lake Wingra, 

Madison, Wisconsin, 1971–77: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations 79–

100, 31 p. 

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Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations 77–18, 35 p. 

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Dane County, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations 17–75, 31 

p. 

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U.S. Geological Survey Administrative Report, 9 p. 

180 
181 

APPENDIX 

Wisconsin Lakes Team 

Quality-Assurance Plan 

Most lake studies and monitoring programs that are conducted by the USGS Wisconsin Water Science 

Center entail water sampling and analysis to determine water quality and biological productivity. Because 

all sampling and analysis is subject to error and random variablility, a certain proportion of the sampling 

effort should include quality-assurance samples. These samples are collected and/or prepared solely for 

the purpose of assessing the magnitude of error and random variability so that the accuracy and precision 

of all data can be evaluated. The plan for this quality-assurance sampling is described below. 

Three types of QA/QC samples are collected: 

blanks 

Provide information about accuracy and errors due to treatment or reagents 

replicates 

provide information about precision (variability) 

standard additions (spikes) 

provide information about accuracy and matrix interferences 

Blank Sampling 

B1. A preservation blank is prepared for each month of lake sampling. This consists of deionized water 

or inorganic blank water, to which is added any reagents or preservatives that are normally added to 

natural water samples. The blank is not taken to the field, but is shipped to the laboratory for analysis 

along with the natural water samples. 

This blank sample is analyzed for the Nutrient Group1

 and chlorophyll-a. 

B2. At one randomly-chosen lake each month, a field blank is prepared. This consists of deionized 

water or inorganic blank water treated exactly the same as regular samples. During winter, the field blank 

is analyzed for total phosphorus (TP) only; during summer, it is analyzed for TP and chlorophyll-a, and in 

the spring it is analyzed for the Nutrient Group and chlorophyll-a. 

------------------------------------------------------------- 

1

Nutrient Group = all phosphorus and nitrogen species that are commonly determined in lakes (total 

phosphorus, nitrate + nitrite, ammonia, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, total nitrogen)
182 

Replicate Sampling 

R1. At all lakes in the program, triplicate samples are taken near water surface in summer for analysis of total 

phosphorus and chlorophyll-a. At two of these lakes, a set of triplicate samples is also taken from near-bottom water, for 

analysis of total phosphorus. 

R2. At three selected lakes in the spring (different lakes each year), triplicate samples are taken near water surface for 

analysis of Nutrient Group. 

R3. At one lake each year, 5 replicate samples are taken near water surface for analysis of total phosphorus and 

chlorophyll-a. 

Standard Addition Testing 

S1. At Delavan Lake and one other lake (to be determined each year), 5 replicate samples are taken in August for a 

standard addition (spike) test. The spike consists of addition of a prepared phosphorus solution (standard) of known 

volume and concentration, such that the expected result of analysis is the natural water TP concentration plus the known 

addition. One sample from each set will receive no spike (the mean of these gives the natural water TP concentration). 

Data and results of replicate sampling and field blank testing in water years 2001-2006 are shown in Table A1.
Table A1. Analyses of replicate samples from Wisconsin lakes in water years 2001-2006. See text for procedures used. Phosphorus

data in milligrams per liter; chlorophyll data in micrograms per liter. Symbol "<" indicates less than given detection limit (DL); mean and

stabdard deviation not calculated for datasets containing values less than DL. 

Parameter Lake Date Mean

Standard 

Deviation

Percent 

Standard 

Deviation

Buffalo 7/23/01 0.276 0.275 0.277 0.276 0.001 0.4

Delavan 7/15/01 0.027 0.027 0.031 0.028 0.002 8.2

Delavan 8/19/01 0.031 0.027 0.035 0.031 0.004 12.9

Geneva 7/15/01 0.005 <0.005 <0.005

Little Green 7/23/01 0.069 0.074 0.072 0.072 0.003 3.5

Middle 6/17/01 0.012 0.012 0.017 0.016 0.014 0.003 18.5

Muskego 4/18/01 0.039 0.044 0.047 0.043 0.004 9.3

Muskego 7/25/01 0.030 0.031 0.031 0.031 0.001 1.9

Oconomowoc 7/17/01 0.010 0.011 0.010 0.010 0.001 5.6

Oconomowoc 8/23/01 0.011 0.010 0.009 0.010 0.001 10.0

Okauchee 8/20/01 0.013 0.015 0.015 0.014 0.001 8.1

Red Cedar 7/9/01 0.021 0.022 0.022 0.001 3.3

Delavan 7/15/02 0.026 0.026 0.027 0.031 0.028 0.002 8.7

Geneva 7/16/02 0.008 0.008 0.008 0.008 0.000 0.0

Little Muskego 7/1/02 0.016 0.016 0.017 0.016 0.001 3.5

Potter 8/5/02 0.041 0.036 0.042 0.043 0.041 0.041 0.003 6.7

Little St. Germain 7/22/02 0.061 0.060 0.059 0.060 0.001 1.7

Delavan 4/14/03 0.057 0.057 0.057 0.057 0.000 0.0

Delavan 8/12/03 0.044 0.043 0.041 0.043 0.002 3.6

Lac La Belle 8/19/03 0.015 0.012 0.012 0.013 0.002 13.3

Butternut 8/13/03 0.040 0.042 0.041 0.001 3.4

Delavan 7/20/04 0.031 0.020 0.041 0.031 0.011 34.3*

Big Cedar 8/18/04 0.012 0.011 0.012 0.012 0.001 4.9

Big Cedar, South 7/19/05 0.015 0.015 0.009 0.013 0.003 26.6

Delavan 8/16/05 0.032 0.029 0.027 0.029 0.003 8.6

Middle 8/25/05 0.014 0.012 0.013 0.017 0.013 0.014 0.002 13.9

Puckaway, West 7/18/05 0.309 0.310 0.313 0.311 0.002 0.7

Upper Nemahbin 8/24/05 0.015 0.017 0.018 0.039 0.023 0.022 0.010 43.5

Big Cedar 8/30/06 0.035 0.034 0.032 0.034 0.002 4.5

Delavan 6/13/06 0.062 0.045 0.054 0.012 22.5

Delavan 8/15/06 0.030 0.028 0.029 0.026 0.028 0.002 6.0

Geneva 7/15/01 0.017 0.020 0.021 0.019 0.002 10.8

Red Cedar 7/9/01 0.187 0.228 0.262 0.226 0.038 16.6

Wind 7/8/02 0.084 0.089 0.092 0.088 0.004 4.6

Wind 8/19/03 0.194 0.192 0.165 0.184 0.016 8.8

Wind 7/11/05 0.380 0.378 0.394 0.384 0.009 2.3

Wind 7/10/06 0.380 0.378 0.394 0.384 0.009 2.3

Delavan 7/15/01 0.010 <0.002 <0.007

Geneva 4/17/01 <0.002 <0.002

Oconomowoc 8/23/01 0.002 <0.002 <0.002

Delavan 4/14/03 0.022 0.023 0.023 0.023 0.001 2.5

Replicate Data

 Total Phosphorus

Total Phosphorus, 

near bottom

 Dissolved 

Phosphorus

183 
P

Parameter Lake Date Mean Deviation

Standard 

ercent 

Standard 

Deviation

Delavan 7/15/01 0.026 0.013 0.021 0.020 0.007 32.8

Geneva 4/17/01 0.014 0.022 0.018 0.006 31.4

Muskego 4/18/01 0.086 0.083 0.084 0.084 0.002 1.8

Oconomowoc 8/23/01 0.027 0.028 0.022 0.026 0.003 12.5

Delavan 4/14/03 <0.015 <0.015 <0.015

Delavan 7/15/01 0.560 0.580 0.560 0.567 0.012 2.0

Geneva 4/17/01 0.390 0.390 0.390 0.000 0.0

Muskego 4/18/01 1.200 1.100 1.200 1.167 0.058 4.9

Oconomowoc 8/23/01 0.490 0.500 0.520 0.503 0.015 3.0

Delavan 4/14/03 0.640 0.640 0.620 0.633 0.012 1.8

Delavan 7/15/01 0.014 0.008 0.007 0.010 0.004 39.2

Geneva 4/17/01 0.113 0.115 0.114 0.001 1.2

Muskego 4/18/01 0.102 0.103 0.104 0.103 0.001 1.0

Oconomowoc 8/23/01 0.370 0.371 0.369 0.370 0.001 0.3

Delavan 4/14/04 <0.022 <0.022 <0.022

Buffalo 7/23/01 14.0 16.0 17.0 15.7 1.5 9.8

Delavan 7/15/01 4.9 4.0 4.8 4.6 0.5 10.8

Geneva 7/15/01 <1.0 <1.0 1.1

Little Green 7/23/01 23.0 24.0 24.0 23.7 0.6 2.4

Middle 6/17/01 1.6 4.7 3.2 2.2 69.6

Muskego 7/25/01 6.6 3.2 3.2 4.3 2.0 45.3

Oconomowoc 7/17/01 2.6 2.8 2.3 2.6 0.3 9.8

Okauchee 8/20/01 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 0.0 0.0

Powers 7/25/01 4.8 5.0 5.5 5.1 0.4 7.1

Red Cedar 7/9/01 5.2 3.7 4.5 1.1 23.8

Delavan 7/15/02 9.7 6.9 8.0 8.1 8.2 1.2 14.1

Geneva 7/16/02 0.74 1.00 0.96 0.9 0.1 15.6

Little Muskego 7/1/02 1.74 1.50 1.34 1.5 0.2 13.2

Potter 8/5/02 10.8 10.3 11.9 9.77 11.0 10.8 0.8 7.4

Little St. Germain 7/22/02 63.8 62.2 69.7 65.2 4.0 6.1

Lac La Belle 8/19/03 3.3 3.7 3.5 3.5 0.2 5.3

Butternut 8/13/03 44.00 46.10 45.20 45.1 1.1 2.3

Delavan 7/20/04 10.4 11.6 10.5 10.8 0.7 6.1

Big Cedar 8/18/04 8.36 8.56 8.61 8.51 0.13 1.6

Big Cedar, South 7/19/05 3.13 3.10 2.63 2.95 0.28 9.49

Middle 8/25/05 4.45 4.48 4.82 4.70 4.40 4.58 0.21 4.48

Puckaway, West 7/18/05 174.00 178.00 168.00 173.33 5.03 2.90

Big Cedar, South 8/29/06 8.02 7.56 8.20 7.93 0.33 4.16

*Algal bloom on lake.

Chlorophyll-a 

(micrograms per liter)

Dissolved Nitrate plus 

Nitrite

Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen

Dissolved Ammonia

Replicate Data

184 
Table A2. Data from tests of blanks, 2001-2006. All data in milligrams per liter, unless otherwise indicated.

< = less than given detection limit; E = estimated value.

Delavan Lake. Analyses at USGS National Water Quality Laboratory, Lakewood, CO. 

Parameter 2/19/01 4/17/01 7/15/01 2/21/02 4/17/02 2/20/03 4/16/03 4/7/06 6/13/06 8/14/06

Total P E 0.003 < 0.004 < 0.004 < 0.004 < 0.004 < 0.004 0.006 E 0.002 < 0.004 < 0.004 E 0.002 < 0.004

Dissolved orthophosphate < 0.007 < 0.007 < 0.007 < 0.007 <0.006 <0.006 E0.003

Chlorophyll a < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.0260 < 0.0260 < 0.0260

Chlorophyll b < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1

Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (as N) < 0.08 < 0.10 E 0.05 E 0.05 < 0.10

Ammonia (as N) < 0.02 0.037 0.034 < 0.015

Nitrate + Nitrite (as N) < 0.05 E 0.011 0.008 < 0.022

Big Cedar Lake, south site, near West Bend, WI. Analyses at Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, Madison, WI

Parameter 4/22/02 8/8/02

Total P < 0.005 < 0.005

Dissolved orthophosphate < 0.002

Chlorophyll a < 1.00 < 0.26

Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (as N) < 0.14

Ammonia (as N) < 0.013

Nitrate + Nitrite (as N) < 0.010

Calcium, dissolved < 0.20

Magnesium, dissolved < 0.20

Potassium, dissolved < 1.0

Sodium, dissolved < 0.10

Iron, dissolved (micrograms per < 100

< 1

Little Cedar Lake, south site, near West Bend, WI. Analyses at Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, Madison, WI

Parameter 4/29/03

Total P < 0.005

Dissolved orthophosphate < 0.002

Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (as N) < 0.14

Ammonia (as N) < 0.013

Nitrate + Nitrite (as N) 0.016

Little Cedar Lake, North site, near West Bend, WI. Analyses at Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, Madison, WI

Parameter 2/21/03

Total P < 0.005

Wind Lake at Wind Lake, WI. Analyses at Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, Madison, WI

Parameter 6/13/06

Total P < 0.005

Chlorophyll a <0.260

7/14/02

Manganese, dissolved (micrograms per 

185 
Table A3. Data from standard addition tests, 2003-2005, using stock solution containing 5.00 mg/L phosphorus.

See text for detail of procedures. All concentration data in milligrams per liter.

Lake, Date

Original 

Sample 

Concentration

Stock Solution 

Volume Added 

(milliliters)

Final 

Expected 

Concentration

Actual 

Detected 

Concentration

Percent 

Recovery

Delavan August 12, 2003 0.043 0.310 0.056 0.058 116%

0.043 1.250 0.094 0.099 108%

Delavan August 16, 2005 0.029 0.188 0.036 0.037 103%

0.029 0.75 0.059 0.063 107%

No Spike data in 2006

186