### FT AGE A U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND RENEWABLE ENERGY PUBLIC WORKSHOP ON THE REVISED LIFE CYCLE COST AND ENGINEERING ANALYSIS OF FLUORESCENT LAMP 'BALLASTS 

### PLACE OF WORKSHOP: FORRESTAL BUILDING, ROOM 1E-245 1000 INDEPENDENCE AVENUE, SW WASHINGTON, DC 20585 TELEPHONE : 2 02/5 8 6-75 74 TELEFAX: 202/586-4617 

### DATE AND TIME: WEDNESDAY, MARCH 18, 1997 9:30 A.M. - 4:30 P.M. 1. PU RPOSE OF THE WORKSHOP The purpose of this public workshop is to hear the views of interested persons and gather information concerning the revised life cycle cost analysis, engineering analysis, and interview summaries for fluorescent lamp ballasts. The Department of Energy (DOE or Department) will consider the views presented and comments submitted to guide its approach in the development of energy efficiency standards for fluorescent lamp ballasts.
II. WE LCOMING REMARKS AND INTRODUCTIONS
III. OPENING STATEMENTS The Department will present a status report on the energy efficiency standards program for fluorescent lamp ballasts, and review the objectives of today's workshop.
IV. TOPICS The Department will introduce each topic, and present any necessary background information. Participants will be invited to comment on issues pertinent to that topic. 

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### DRAFT AGENDA U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND RENEWABLE ENERGY PUBLIC WORKSHOP ON THE REVISED LIFE CYCLE COST AND ENGINEERINGANALYSIS OF FLUORESCENT LAMP BALLASTS 

# c

PLACE OF WORKSHOP: FORREST AL BUILDING, ROOM 1E-245 1000 INDEPENDENCE AVENUE, SW WASHINGTON, DC 20585 TELEPHONE: 202/586-7574
DATE AND TIME:


### I. PURPOSE OF THE WORKSHOP TELEFAX: 202/586-4617 WEDNESDAY, MARCH 18,1997 9:30 A.M.

- 4:30 P.M.

The purpose ofthis public workshop is to hear the views ofinterested persons and gather infonnation concerning the revised life cycle cost analysis, engineering analysis, and interview summaries for fluorescent lamp ballasts. The Department ofEnergy (DOE or Department) will considerthe views presented and comments submitted to guide its approach in the development ofenergy efficiency standards for fluorescent lamp ballasts.


### II. WELCOMING REMARKS AND INTRODUCTIONS
III. OPENING STATEMENTS The Department will present a status report onthe energy efficiency standards program for fluorescent lamp ballasts, and review the objectives oftoday's workshop.


### IV. TOPICS The Department will introduce each topic, and present any necessary background infonnation. Participants will be invited to comment onissues pertinent to thattopic.



### 1 Draft 

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### DRAFT AGENDA U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND RENEWABLE ENERGY PUBLIC WORKSHOP ON THE REVISED LIFE CYCLE COST AND ENGINEERINGANALYSIS OF FLUORESCENT LAMP BALLASTS
PLACE OF WORKSHOP: FORREST AL BUILDING, ROOM 1E-245 1000 INDEPENDENCE AVENUE, SW WASHINGTON, DC 20585 TELEPHONE: 202/586-7574
DATE AND TIME:


### I. PURPOSE OF THE WORKSHOP TELEFAX: 202/586-4617 WEDNESDAY, MARCH 18,1997 9:30 A.M.

- 4:30 P.M.

The purpose ofthis public workshop is to hear the views ofinterested persons and gather infonnation concerning the revised life cycle cost analysis, engineering analysis, and interview summaries for fluorescent lamp ballasts. The Department ofEnergy (DOE or Department) will considerthe views presented and comments submitted to guide its approach in the development ofenergy efficiency standards for fluorescent lamp ballasts.


### II. WELCOMING REMARKS AND INTRODUCTIONS
III. OPENING STATEMENTS The Department will present a status report onthe energy efficiency standards program for fluorescent lamp ballasts, and review the objectives oftoday's workshop.


### IV. TOPICS The Department will introduce each topic, and present any necessary background infonnation. Participants will be invited to comment onissues pertinent to thattopic.



### 1 DraftA. Life Cycle Cost Analysis

After consideration of the comments from the June 20 , 1996, fluorescent lamp ballast workshop a

and subsequent interviews with manufacturers , the Department has revised its February 1996 life cycle cost (LCC).analysis and engineering analysis. Descriptions of such revisions, and the rationale for each, are presented below.



### Ballast Life The proposed ballast life, for both magnetic and electronic ballasts ; has been changed from 33,000 hours to 45,000 hors. During the June 1996 ballast workshop , there was the indication that the proposed ballast life of 33,000 hours was too low
. At that time and during subsequent interviews, manufacturers asserted that a longer ballast life be used. The Illumina ting Engineering Society (IES) Lighting Handbook, 8th edition, lists 45,000 hours as the average life for magnetic ballasts. DOE thenperformed sensitivity analyses on ballast life ranging from a low of 33,000 hours to a high of 60.000 hours . As a result, DOE proposes to adopt 45,000 hours as the average life both for magnetic and electronic ballasts.

2. Ballast End-User Price 

### In the February 1996 LCC analysis, the Department used aggregated 1993 ballast price data from a survey performed by the Lighting Research Institute (LRI). DOE would have used data from a comparative analysis of quantity and value of shipments from the U.S. Department of Commerce , Bureau of the Census, Current Industrial`Report, MQ36C, for fluorescent lamp ballasts
. However, during subsequent interviews, fluorescent lamp ballast manufacturers, asserted that DOE use the 1993 LRI ballast price data, because the Bureau of the Census data reflected only the manufacturers ' average net selling prices, not the end

-user price. Consequently, the revised LCC analysis performed by DOE has been based on the 1993 LRI price data, and includes a sensitivity, analysis that takes into account the data from the Bureau of the Census.

Comments have asserted that use of a cathode cutout ballast could reduce fluorescent lamp life by 15 percent. DOE has used this reduction in lamp life for the revised analysis.



### Draft 

### A. Life Cycle Cost Analysis After consideration ofthe comments from the June 20, 1996, fluorescent lamp ballast workshop and subsequent interviews with manufacturers, the Department has revised its February 1996 life cycle cost (LCC) .analysis and engineering analysis. Descriptions ofsuchrevisions, and therationale for each, are presentedbelow. 

### 1. Ballast Life The proposedballast life, for both magnetic and electronic ballasts;has been changed from 33,000 hours to 45,000 hours. During the June 1996 ballast workshop, there was the indication that the proposed ballast life of33,000 hours was too low. At thattime and during subsequent interviews, manufacturers asserted that a longer ballast life·be used. The Illuminating Engineering Society (IES) Lighting Handbook, 8th edition, lists 45,000 hours as the average life for magnetic ballasts. DOE then performed sensitivity analyses onballast life ranging from a low of33,000 hours to a highof60.000 hours. As a result, DOEproposes to adopt 45,000 hours as the average life both for magnetic and electronic ballasts.


### 2. BaUast End-User Price In the February 1996 LCC analysis, the Departmentused aggregated 1993 ballast price data from a survey performed by the Lighting Research Institute (LRl). DOE wouldhave used data from a comparative analysis ofquantity and value ofshipments from the U.S. Department ofCommerce, Bureau ofthe Census, CurrentIndustrial Report, MQ36C, for fluorescent lamp ballasts. However, during subsequent interviews, fluorescent lamp ballast manufacturers'asserted that DOE use the 1993 LRI ballast price data, because the Bureau ofthe Census data reflected only the manufacturers' average net selling prices, notthe end-userprice. C0J?sequently, the revised

# tcc analysis performed by DOE has been based onthe 1993 LRIprice data, and includes a sensitivity, analysis that takes into account the data from the Bureau ofthe Census. 

### 3. 

### Lamp Life Comments have asserted that use ofa cath<?de cutout ballast could reduce fluorescent lamp life by 15 percent. DOE has used thisreduction in lamp life for the revised analysis.

2 Draft 

### A. Life Cycle Cost Analysis After consideration ofthe comments from the June 20, 1996, fluorescent lamp ballast workshop and subsequent interviews with manufacturers, the Department has revised its February 1996 life cycle cost (LCC) .analysis and engineering analysis. Descriptions ofsuchrevisions, and therationale for each, are presentedbelow. 

### 1. Ballast Life The proposedballast life, for both magnetic and electronic ballasts;has been changed from 33,000 hours to 45,000 hours. During the June 1996 ballast workshop, there was the indication that the proposed ballast life of33,000 hours was too low. At thattime and during subsequent interviews, manufacturers asserted that a longer ballast life·be used. The Illuminating Engineering Society (IES) Lighting Handbook, 8th edition, lists 45,000 hours as the average life for magnetic ballasts. DOE then performed sensitivity analyses onballast life ranging from a low of33,000 hours to a highof60.000 hours. As a result, DOEproposes to adopt 45,000 hours as the average life both for magnetic and electronic ballasts.


### 2. BaUast End-User Price In the February 1996 LCC analysis, the Departmentused aggregated 1993 ballast price data from a survey performed by the Lighting Research Institute (LRl). DOE wouldhave used data from a comparative analysis ofquantity and value ofshipments from the U.S. Department ofCommerce, Bureau ofthe Census, CurrentIndustrial Report, MQ36C, for fluorescent lamp ballasts. However, during subsequent interviews, fluorescent lamp ballast manufacturers'asserted that DOE use the 1993 LRI ballast price data, because the Bureau ofthe Census data reflected only the manufacturers' average net selling prices, notthe end-userprice. C0J?sequently, the revised

# tcc analysis performed by DOE has been based onthe 1993 LRIprice data, and includes a sensitivity, analysis that takes into account the data from the Bureau ofthe Census. 

### 3. 

### Lamp Life Comments have asserted that use ofa cath<?de cutout ballast could reduce fluorescent lamp life by 15 percent. DOE has used thisreduction in lamp life for the revised analysis.

2 Draft4. Payback Analysis The Department understands that the simple payback analysis for fluorescent lamp ballasts does not work for cathode cutout ballasts because of the shortened lamp life. Other payback analyses are being considered. B. Sensitivity Analysis Sensitivity analyses were performed on four different parameters: 1) lamp operating hours; 2) ballast life, in.hours; 3) ballast price; and 4) price of electricity. A low and high sensitivity analysis was performed on each parameter.

1. LamOperating Hours Assumed average lamp operating hours was 3600 hours per year for the commercial sector, and 5000 hours per year for the industrial sector. Low and high sensitivity analyses, both for commercial and industrial sectors, were 2500 hours per year and 8000 hours per year.
2. Ballast Life

Assumed average ballast life of 45,000 hours was used both for magnetic and electronic ballasts. Low and high sensitivity analyses, for both magnetic and electronic ballasts, were performed at 33,000 hours per year and 60,000 hours per year.

3. Ballast Price The assumed ballast prices for the average case were those used in the LCC analysis. The assumed ballast prices used in the sensitivity analyses were: Ballast System s l 1, 2 lamp F40T 12 and F40T 12/ES EEM and CC +6% -5% 

### 1, 2, 3, 4 lamp F32T8 EEM and CC +6% -5% 2 lamp F96T12, F96T12/ES, F96T12110 & F96T12HO/ES +3% -5%

EEM and CC All ERS and EIS -15% +5 % where + and - % is relative to the average retail price listed in Tables 4.1 through 4.15 in the LCC 

### 4. Payback Analysis The Department understands thatthe simple payback analysis for fluorescent lamp ballasts does not work for cathode cutout ballasts because ofthe shortened lamp life. Other payback analyses are being considered.


### B. Sensitivity Analysis Sensitivity analyses were perfonned on four different parameters: 1) lamp operating hours; 2) ballast life, inhours; 3) ballast price; and 4) price ofelectricity. A low and high sensitivity analysis was perfonned on each parameter. 

### 1. Lamp Operating Hours Assumed average lamp operating hours was 3600 hours peryear for the commercial sector, and 5000 hours peryear for the industrial sector. Low and high sensitivity analyses, both for commercial and industrial sectors, were 2500 hours peryear and 8000 hours peryear. 

### 2. Ballast Life Assumed average ballast life of45,000 hours was used both for magnetic and electronic ballasts. Low and high sensitivity analyses, for both magnetic and electronic ballasts, were perfonned at 33,000 hours per year and 60,000 hours peryear. 

### 3. Ballast Price The assumed ballast prices for the average case were those used in the LCC analysis. The assumed ballast prices used in the sensitivity analyses were: Ballast System 1, 2 lamp F40T12 and F40T12IES EEM and CC 1,2,3, 4 lamp F32T8 EEM and CC 2 lamp F96T12, F96T121ES, F96T12HO & F96T12HOIES EEMandCC All ERS and EIS 

### .S.l +6% +6% +3% -15% -5% -5%
. -5% +5% where 

### + and

- % is relative to the average retail price listed in Tables 4.1 through 4.15 inthe LeC 

### 3 Draft 

### 4. Payback Analysis The Department understands thatthe simple payback analysis for fluorescent lamp ballasts does not work for cathode cutout ballasts because ofthe shortened lamp life. Other payback analyses are being considered.


### B. Sensitivity Analysis Sensitivity analyses were perfonned on four different parameters: 1) lamp operating hours; 2) ballast life, inhours; 3) ballast price; and 4) price ofelectricity. A low and high sensitivity analysis was perfonned on each parameter. 

### 1. Lamp Operating Hours Assumed average lamp operating hours was 3600 hours peryear for the commercial sector, and 5000 hours peryear for the industrial sector. Low and high sensitivity analyses, both for commercial and industrial sectors, were 2500 hours peryear and 8000 hours peryear. 

### 2. Ballast Life Assumed average ballast life of45,000 hours was used both for magnetic and electronic ballasts. Low and high sensitivity analyses, for both magnetic and electronic ballasts, were perfonned at 33,000 hours per year and 60,000 hours peryear. 

### 3. Ballast Price The assumed ballast prices for the average case were those used in the LCC analysis. The assumed ballast prices used in the sensitivity analyses were: Ballast System 1, 2 lamp F40T12 and F40T12IES EEM and CC 1,2,3, 4 lamp F32T8 EEM and CC 2 lamp F96T12, F96T121ES, F96T12HO & F96T12HOIES EEMandCC All ERS and EIS 

### .S.l +6% +6% +3% -15% -5% -5%
. -5% +5% where 

### + and

- % is relative to the average retail price listed in Tables 4.1 through 4.15 inthe LeC 

### 3 Draft

### analysis.

Si = price difference between magnetic and electronic ballasts decreases S2 = price difference between magnetic and electronic ballasts increase

Electrici Price $/kWh. The assumed med electricity prices used for the sensitivity analysis are shown below, in LM 

### -Avgr= High Commercial 0.055 0.075 0.105 Industrial 0.03 0.048 0.065 C. Uncertainty Analysis and Life Cycle Cost Analysis The uncertainty analysis will focus on the annual operating hours (hours/year), electricity price ($/kWh), ballast lifetime (hours), and ballast consumer price ($). The analysis will be interactive to allow real time changes.
D Stakeholder Interviews The Department of Energy conducted one-on-one interviews with stakeholders, and, as a result, gathered quantitative and qualitative information. Presently, the Department is interested in receiving comments on how to incorporate the qualitative information in its development of energy. efficiency standards for fluorescent lamp ballasts. The Department also requests comments on how to improve the one-on-one interview process. The Department invites comments on the following issues that were discussed during the interviews.
Electronic B allasts May Cause Interference with Building Electronic

Systems The Department is concerned that electronic ballasts could, in certain applications, cause interference with other building electronic. systems. DOE is interested in receiving data on that portion of the U.S. building stock that is affected by such interference. How does this 

### Draft analysis. 8 I 

# = price difference between**m~gnetic** and electronic ballasts decreases 82

# = price difference between magnetic and electronic ballasts increase


### 4. Electricity Price The assumed electricity prices used for the sensitivity analysis are shown below. in $/kWh.
Commercial Industrial 0.055 0.03 Average 0.075 0.048 0.105 0.065 

### C. Uncertainty Analysis and Life Cycle Cost Analysis Theuncertainty analysis will focus onthe annual operating hours (hours/year). electricity price ($/kWh), ballast lifetime (hours), and ballast consumerprice ($). The analysis will be interactive to allow real time changes.


### D. Stakeholder Interviews The Department ofEnergy conducted one-on-one interviews with stakeholders, and, as a result, gathered quantitative and qualitative infonnation. Presently, the Department is interested inreceiving comments on howto incorporate the qualitative infonnation inits development of energy.efficiency standards for fluorescent lamp ballasts. ' The Department also requests comments onhow to improve the one-on-one interview process. The Department invites comments onthe following issues that were discussed dUring the interviews. 

### 1. Electronic Ballasts May Cause Interference with Building Electronic Systems
. The Department is concerned that electronic ballasts could, in certain applications, cause interference with otherbuilding electronic systems. DOE is interested inreceiving data on that portion ofthe U.S. building stock that is affected by such interference. How does this
4 Draft analysis. 8 I 

# = price difference between**m~gnetic** and electronic ballasts decreases 82

# = price difference between magnetic and electronic ballasts increase 

### 4. Electricity Price The assumed electricity prices used for the sensitivity analysis are shown below. in $/kWh.
Commercial Industrial 0.055 0.03 Average 0.075 0.048 0.105 0.065 

### C. Uncertainty Analysis and Life Cycle Cost Analysis Theuncertainty analysis will focus onthe annual operating hours (hours/year). electricity price ($/kWh), ballast lifetime (hours), and ballast consumerprice ($). The analysis will be interactive to allow real time changes.


### D. Stakeholder Interviews The Department ofEnergy conducted one-on-one interviews with stakeholders, and, as a result, gathered quantitative and qualitative infonnation. Presently, the Department is interested inreceiving comments on howto incorporate the qualitative infonnation inits development of energy.efficiency standards for fluorescent 

### lamp ballasts. ' The Department also requests comments onhow to improve the one-on-one interview process. The Department invites comments onthe following issues that were discussed dUring the interviews. 

### 1. Electronic Ballasts May Cause Interference with Building Electronic Systems
. The Department is concerned that electronic ballasts could, in certain applications, cause interference with otherbuilding electronic systems. DOE is interested inreceiving data on that portion ofthe U.S. building stock that is affected by such interference. How does this
4 Draftinterference effect the market?



### 2. Conversion Rates The Department is interested in receiving data on the percent of existing magnetic ballasts that are being converted to electronic ballasts.



### 3. Incorporating Voluntary Programs The current analysis assumes that utility demand side management programs will diminish after 1995. Although, the Department has considered the impacts of the EPA Green Lights program, DOE seeks information on how other voluntary energy management programs could impact the fluorescent lamp ballast market.

4. Future Ballast Sales To adequately project potential energy savings for various energy efficiency levels of fluorescent lamp ballasts, the Department is interested in receiving information and data on what the fluorescent lamp ballast market will look like in the future
. In particular, the Department is interested in receiving information and data on if and when unit sales of electronic fluorescent lamp ballasts will surpass the unit sales of magnetic ballasts. E. National Energy Impacts and the Commend Forecasting Model The Department is using the Electric Power Research Institute's Commend Forecasting Model to estimate future energy consumption of fluorescent lamp ballasts and ballast shipments on a national scale. The Commend Forecasting Model analyzes the commercial market by building types, end uses, and fuels to forecast the growth of energy efficient ballasts and the economic transition of energy efficiency levels into that building stock. The Department is interested in receiving comments and data concerning the accuracy and workability of the Commend Forecasting Model, or any other forecasting model, with respect to energy efficient fluorescent lamp ballasts.
V. NEXT STEPS
VI. ADJOURNMENT
5 Draft interference effect the market?



### 2. Conversion Rates The Department is interested

# in receiving data on the percent ofexisting magnetic ballasts that are being converted to electronic ballasts. 

### 3. Incorporating Voluntary Programs The current analysis assumes that utility demand side management programs will diminish after 1995. Although, the Department has consideredthe impacts ofthe EPA Green Lights program, DOE seeks information onhow othervoluntary energy management programs could impactthe fluorescent lamp ballast market. 

### 4. Future Banast Sales To adequately project potential energy savings for various energy efficiency levels offluorescent lamp ballasts, the Department is interested in receiving information and data on whatthe fluorescent lamp ballast market will look like inthe future. Inparticular, the Department is interested in receiving information and data onifand when unit sales ofelectronic fluorescent lamp ballasts will surpass the unit sales ofmagnetic ballasts.


### E. National Energy Impacts and the Commend Forecasting Model The Department is using the Electric PowerResearch Institute's Commend Forecasting Model to estimate future energy consumption offluorescent lamp ballasts andballast shipments on a national scale. The Commend Forecasting Model analyzes the commercialmarket by building types, end uses, and fuels to forecast the growth ofenergy efficient ballasts and the economic transition ofenergy efficiency levels into that building stock. The Department is interested in receiving comments and data concerning the accuracy and workability ofthe Commend Forecasting Model, or any other forecasting model, with respect to energy efficient fluorescent lamp ballasts.


# v. NEXT STEPS
VI. 

### ADJOURNMENT
5 Draft interference effect the market?



### 2. Conversion Rates The Department is interested

# in receiving data on the percent ofexisting magnetic ballasts that are being converted to electronic ballasts. 

### 3. Incorporating Voluntary Programs The current analysis assumes that utility demand side management programs will diminish after 1995. Although, the Department has consideredthe impacts ofthe EPA Green Lights program, DOE seeks information onhow othervoluntary energy management programs could impactthe fluorescent lamp ballast market. 

### 4. Future Banast Sales To adequately project potential energy savings for various energy efficiency levels offluorescent lamp ballasts, the Department is interested in receiving information and data on whatthe fluorescent lamp ballast market will look like inthe future. Inparticular, the Department is interested in receiving information and data onifand when unit sales ofelectronic fluorescent lamp ballasts will surpass the unit sales ofmagnetic ballasts.


### E. National Energy Impacts and the Commend Forecasting Model The Department is using the Electric PowerResearch Institute's Commend Forecasting Model to estimate future energy consumption offluorescent lamp ballasts andballast shipments on a national scale. The Commend Forecasting Model analyzes the commercialmarket by building types, end uses, and fuels to forecast the growth ofenergy efficient ballasts and the economic transition ofenergy efficiency levels into that building stock. The Department is interested in receiving comments and data concerning the accuracy and workability ofthe Commend Forecasting Model, or any other forecasting model, with respect to energy efficient fluorescent lamp ballasts.


# v. NEXT STEPS
VI. 

### ADJOURNMENT
5 Draft