Nutrition Assistance Program Report Series

The Office of Research and Analysis

Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Report No. SNAP-09-CHAR

Characteristics of Supplemental 

Nutrition Assistance Program

Households: Fiscal Year 2008

United States Food and

Department of Nutrition

Agriculture Service

September 2009

Characteristics of Supplemental 

Nutrition Assistance Program

Households: Fiscal Year 2008

Authors:

Kari Wolkwitz and Carole Trippe

Submitted by: Submitted to:

Mathematica Policy Research, Inc. Office of Research and Analysis

600 Maryland Avenue, S.W., Suite 550 USDA, Food and Nutrition Service

Washington, D.C. 20024-2512 3101 Park Center Drive, Room 503

Alexandria, VA 22302-1500

Project Director: Carole Trippe Project Officer: Jenny Genser

This study was conducted under Contract number AG-3198-D-08-0090 with the Food and Nutrition 

Service.

This report is available on the Food and Nutrition Service web site: 

http://www.fns.usda.gov/fns/research.htm.

Suggested Citation:

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutrition Service, Office of Research and Analysis, 

Characteristics of Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Households: Fiscal Year 2008, by Kari 

Wolkwitz and Carole Trippe. Project Officer, Jenny Genser. Alexandria, VA: 2009.

United States Food and

Department of Nutrition

Agriculture Service

September 2009

Food Stamp Program

Report No. SNAP-09-CHAR
The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and 

activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and where applicable, sex, 

marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual orientation, genetic information, 

political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or part of an individual’s income is derived from any 

public assistance program. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with 

disabilities who require alternative means for communications of program information (Braille, 

large point, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA’s TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice 

and TDD).

To file a complaint of discrimination, write to USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400 

Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, DC 20250-9410 or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or 

(202) 720-6382 (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer.
iii

This report was prepared by Kari Wolkwitz and Carole Trippe of Mathematica Policy 

Research, Inc., for the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Food and Nutrition Service, Office of 

Research, Nutrition, and Analysis. Many individuals made important contributions to the report. 

The authors thank Karen Cunnyngham, Andrew Gothro, Jacqueline Kauff, and Ronette Briefel

for providing guidance and reviewing the report; Daisy Ewell, Joel Smith, and Katherine Bencio 

for providing programming support; and Lisa Walls for preparing the manuscript. The authors

also thank Jenny Genser, Kathryn Law, Bob Dalrymple, Michael DePiro, and Tom O’Connell of 

the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Food and Nutrition Service for providing guidance and 

program information.

Authors: Kari Wolkwitz and Carole Trippe

MPR Project Director: Carole Trippe

MPR Project Number: 6528-109

FNS Project Officer: Jenny Genser

FNS Contract Number: AG-3198-D-08-0090 / GS-10F-0050L

September 2009

v

CONTENTS

Chapter Page

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................... xiii

1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................. 1

2 AN OVERVIEW OF THE SUPPLEMENTAL NUTRITION ASSISTANCE

PROGRAM........................................................................................................ 3

PROGRAM ELIGIBILITY REQUIREMENTS ............................................... 3

The Household............................................................................................. 3

Categorical Eligibility.................................................................................. 4

Income Eligibility Standards........................................................................ 4

Resources..................................................................................................... 6

Nonfinancial Eligibility Standards............................................................... 6

APPLICATION PROCEDURES ...................................................................... 8

BENEFIT COMPUTATION............................................................................. 8

SSI-CAP and MFIP Households........................................................................ 9

SNAP BENEFIT ISSUANCE ........................................................................... 9

PROGRAM CHANGES SINCE THE PREVIOUS FISCAL YEAR ............... 10

SNAP PARTICIPATION AND COSTS........................................................... 10

3 CHARACTERISTICS OF SNAP HOUSEHOLDS AND 

PARTICIPANTS ............................................................................................... 13

THE POVERTY STATUS OF SNAP HOUSEHOLDS ................................... 14

HOUSEHOLDS WITH SPECIAL NEEDS ...................................................... 14

Households with Children............................................................................ 16

Households with Elderly People.................................................................. 16

Households with Disabled Nonelderly People ............................................ 19

Other Households Served by SNAP ............................................................ 19

Single-Person Households........................................................................... 20
vi

CONTENTS (continued)

Chapter Page

3 (continued)

CHARACTERISTICS OF SNAP PARTICIPANTS ........................................ 20

CHANGES IN THE ECONOMIC CONDITIONS OF SNAP

HOUSEHOLDS................................................................................................. 20

ACRONYMS AND DEFINITIONS ................................................................................... 23

APPENDIX A: DETAILED TABLES OF SNAP HOUSEHOLD 

CHARACTERISTICS....................................................................... 29

APPENDIX B: DETAILED TABLES OF SNAP HOUSEHOLDS

BY STATE ........................................................................................ 61

APPENDIX C: FISCAL YEAR 2008 SNAP PARAMETERS AND 

MAXIMUM BENEFIT AMOUNTS ................................................ 79

APPENDIX D: SOURCE AND RELIABILITY OF ESTIMATES........................... 87

APPENDIX E: SAMPLING ERROR OF ESTIMATES ........................................... 95

APPENDIX F: DATA COLLECTION INSTRUMENT ......................................... 105

APPENDIX G: PREVIOUS REPORTS IN THIS SERIES..................................... .111

.
vii

TABLES

TEXT TABLES Page

2.1 Major Economic Indicators, Calendar Years 1994–2008.................................... 12

3.1 Distribution of Households and Their Benefits by Countable Income as a 

Percentage of Poverty Guideline, Fiscal Year 2008 ............................................ 15

3.2 Effect of SNAP Benefits on the Poverty Status of SNAP Households, 

Fiscal Year 2008 .................................................................................................. 15

3.3 Household Composition and Selected Characteristics of Participating 

Households, Fiscal Year 2008 ............................................................................. 17

3.4 Average Values of Selected Characteristics by Household Composition, 

Fiscal Year 2008 .................................................................................................. 18

3.5 SNAP Benefits of Participants by Selected Demographic Characteristics, 

Fiscal Year 2008 .................................................................................................. 21

3.6 Nominal and Real Values of Selected Characteristics, Fiscal Year 2007

and Fiscal Year 2008 ........................................................................................... 22

APPENDIX A TABLES

Summary Characteristics 

A-1 Distribution of Participating Households, Individuals, and Benefits by 

Household Composition, Locality, Countable Income Source, and SNAP

Benefit Amount..................................................................................................... 31

A-2 Average Gross and Net Countable Income, Total Deduction, Countable 

Resources, SNAP Benefit, Household Size, and Certification Period of 

Participating Households by Household Composition, Locality, Countable 

Income Source, and SNAP Benefit Amount......................................................... 32

Income, Poverty Status, and Resources

A-3 Distribution of Participating Households with Children, Elderly 

Individuals, and Disabled Nonelderly Individuals by Amount of Gross and 

Net Countable Income, Countable Resources, and Gross and Net 

Countable Income as a Percentage of Poverty Guideline ..................................... 33
viii

TABLES (continued)

APPENDIX A TABLES (continued) Page

A-4 Distribution of Participating Households by Household Size and Amount 

of Countable Gross and Net Income, Resources, and Gross and Net 

Income as a Percentage of Poverty Guideline ...................................................... 34

A-5 Average Gross and Net Countable Income, Average Gross and Net 

Countable Income as a Percentage of Poverty Guideline, Average 

Countable Resources, and Average Monthly Benefit of Participating 

Households by Household Composition and Size ................................................ 35

A-6 Distribution of Participating Households with Children, Elderly 

Individuals, and Disabled Nonelderly Individuals by Type of Countable 

Income................................................................................................................... 36

A-7 Average Income, Total Deduction, SNAP Benefit, and Household Size of 

Participating Households by Type of Countable Income ..................................... 37

A-8 Distribution of Participating Households with Children, Elderly 

Individuals, and Disabled Nonelderly Individuals by Countable Earned 

and Unearned Income Amounts............................................................................ 38

SNAP Deductions

A-9 Distribution of Participating Households by Type of Deduction and 

Household Composition, Countable Income Source, and SNAP Benefit 

Amount.................................................................................................................. 40

A-10 Average Values of Deductions of Participating Households by Household 

Composition, Countable Income Source, and SNAP Benefit Amount................. 41

A-11 Distribution of Participating Households by Selected Household 

Characteristics and Amount of Deduction ............................................................ 42

SNAP Benefit

A-12 Distribution of Participating Households by Selected Household 

Characteristics and SNAP Benefit Amount, SNAP Benefit as a Percentage 

of the Maximum Benefit, and Certification Period............................................... 44
ix

TABLES (continued)

APPENDIX A TABLES (continued) Page

Household Composition

A-13 Distribution of Participating Households by Type of Most Recent Action 

and Expedited Service........................................................................................... 45

A-14 Distribution of Participating Households, Individuals, and Benefits by 

Household Composition........................................................................................ 46

A-15 Average Gross and Net Countable Income, Total Deduction, Countable 

Resources, SNAP Benefit, Household Size, and Certification Period of 

Participating Households by Household Composition ......................................... 47

A-16 Distribution of Participating Households by Countable Income Type and 

Household Composition........................................................................................ 48

A-17 Distribution of Participating Households with Children, Elderly 

Individuals, and Disabled Nonelderly Individuals by Selected 

Characteristics....................................................................................................... 49

A-18 Average Values of Selected Characteristics for Participating Households 

with Children, Elderly Individuals, and Disabled Nonelderly Individuals........... 50

A-19 Distribution of Participating Households with Countable Earned and 

Unearned Income by Selected Characteristics...................................................... 51

A-20 Average Values of Selected Characteristics for Participating Households 

with Countable Earned and Unearned Income ..................................................... 52

A-21 Distribution of Participating Households with Selected Household 

Characteristics by the Race of the Household Head ............................................. 53

A-22 Distribution of Participating Households by Presence of a Household 

Member with Selected Characteristics.................................................................. 54

Participants

A-23 Gender and SNAP Benefits of Participants by Selected Demographic 

Characteristic ........................................................................................................ 55

A-24 Distribution of Participants by Thrifty Food Plan Sex-Age Groups and 

Household Size ..................................................................................................... 56

A-25 Distribution of Household Heads, All Participants, and Nonelderly Adult 

Participants by Work Registration Status and Employment Status...................... 57
x

TABLES (continued)

APPENDIX A TABLES (continued) Page

Survey Comparisons: Fiscal Years 1989 to 2008

A-26 Comparison of Participating Households with Key SNAP Household 

Characteristics for Fiscal Years 1989 to 2008 ...................................................... 58

A-27 Comparison of Average Nominal and Real Values of Key SNAP

Household Characteristics for Fiscal Years 1989 to 2008.................................... 59

A-28 Comparison of Number of SNAP Participants by Gender and Age for 

Fiscal Years 1989 to 2008....................................................................................60

APPENDIX B TABLES

B-1 Distribution of Participating Households, Individuals, and Benefits by 

State....................................................................................................................... 63

B-2 Average Values of Selected Characteristics by State ........................................... 64

B-3 Distribution of Participating Households by Poverty Status and by State............ 65

B-4 Distribution of Participating Households by Shelter-Related 

Characteristics and by State .................................................................................. 66

B-5 Distribution of Participating Households by Household Composition and 

by State.................................................................................................................. 67

B-6 Distribution of Participating Households by Selected Countable Income 

Sources and by State ............................................................................................. 68

B-7 Average Values of Selected Countable Income Sources by State ........................ 69

B-8 Distribution of Participating Households by Earnings-Related 

Characteristics and by State .................................................................................. 70

B-9 Distribution of Entrant Households with and without Expedited Service 

by State.................................................................................................................. 71

B-10 Distribution of Participating Households by Race/Ethnic Origin of 

Household Head and by State ............................................................................... 72

B-11 Distribution of Participants by Age and by State.................................................. 73

B-12 Distribution of Participants by Citizenship Status and by State ............................74
xi

TABLES (continued)

APPENDIX B TABLES (continued) Page

B-13 Distribution of Noncitizen Participants by Age and by State ................................75

B-14 Distribution of Participating Households by Use of Standard Utility 

Allowance and by State..........................................................................................76

B-15 Distribution of Participating Categorically Eligible Households by Public 

Assistance Status and by State ...............................................................................77

APPENDIX C TABLES

C-1 Fiscal Year 2007 HHS Poverty Income Guidelines.............................................. 81

C-2 SNAP Maximum Allowable Gross Monthly Income Eligibility Standards 

in Fiscal Year 2008 ............................................................................................... 82

C-3 SNAP Maximum Allowable Net Monthly Income Eligibility Standards in 

Fiscal Year 2008 ................................................................................................... 83

C-4 Value of Standard, Maximum Dependent-Care, and Excess Shelter 

Expense Deductions in the Continental United States and Outlying Areas 

in Fiscal Year 2008 ............................................................................................... 84

C-5 Value of Maximum Monthly SNAP Benefit in the Continental United 

States and Outlying Areas in Fiscal Year 2008 .................................................... 85

APPENDIX D TABLES

D-1 Number of Cases Sampled, Dropped from the Edited File, and Included in 

the Edited File, Fiscal Year 2008...........................................................................90

D-2 Unweighted Distribution of Participating Households by State ............................91

D-3 Comparison of Program Data to Edited SNAP QC Datafile, Fiscal Year 

2008........................................................................................................................92

D-4 Comparison of Calculated and Reported Values for Selected Variables of 

Participating Households, Fiscal Year 2008 ..........................................................93
xii

TABLES ( )

Page

APPENDIX E TABLES

E-1 Standard Errors of Estimated Numbers of SNAP Households, 

Fiscal Year 2008 .................................................................................................101

E-2 Square Root of Design Effects (d) for Standard Errors of 

Estimated Numbers or Percentages of SNAP Households, Fiscal 

Year 2008.............................................................................................................102

E-3 Standard Errors of Estimated Means, Fiscal Year 2008 ......................................103

E-4 Range of Standard Errors of Mean Amounts Expressed as a 

Percentage of the Mean Amount, Fiscal Year 2008 ............................................104

FIGURES

Figure Page

2.1 SNAP Participants, Unemployed Individuals, and Individuals in Poverty, 

1985–2008..............................................................................................................11
xiii

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) provides millions of Americans 

with the means to purchase food for a nutritious diet.1SNAP is the largest of the 15 domestic 

food and nutrition assistance programs administered by the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s 

Food and Nutrition Service (FNS). This report presents an overview of SNAP eligibility 

requirements and benefit levels, as well as the characteristics of SNAP households and 

participants nationwide, in fiscal year 2008 (October 2007 to September 2008). The appendices 

include detailed tabulations of household and participant characteristics for the nation and by 

State, and a brief description of the sample design and the sampling error associated with the 

estimates presented in the report. 

SNAP Participation and Costs

In an average month in fiscal year 2008, SNAP provided benefits to 28.4 million people 

living in over 12.7 million households across the United States. The total cost of the program in 

fiscal year 2008 was $37.7 billion, $34.6 billion of which was for SNAP benefits and the 

remainder for program administration. The average monthly SNAP benefit for all participants in 

fiscal year 2008 was $227 per household.

Compared with fiscal year 2007, the total number of SNAP participants increased by more 

than 7 percent, while SNAP benefits increased by about 14 percent. The continued growth in 

SNAP participation from 2007 to 2008 is likely attributable to the deterioration of the economy 

and expansions in SNAP eligibility and continued outreach efforts.

The participant counts and benefit costs discussed in this section are based on FNS 

administrative records, and thus differ slightly from estimates based on the SNAP Quality 

Control (SNAP QC) sample file (see Appendix D for an explanation of the differences). The 

remainder of this report draws on data from the SNAP QC file.

Characteristics of SNAP Households and Participants

Approximately 87 percent of all SNAP households lived in poverty, as measured by the 

federal poverty guidelines issued by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS)

(see Appendix C). SNAP benefits were concentrated among poorer households––41 percent of 

all SNAP households had gross income less than or equal to half of the poverty guideline, and 

these households received 58 percent of all benefits. If the value of SNAP benefits is included as 

income, 9 percent of all SNAP households would move above the poverty guideline as a result of 

receiving benefits, and 15 percent would move from below to above half of the poverty 

guideline.

 
xiv

Twenty-nine percent of SNAP households had earned income, 26 percent received 

Supplemental Security Income (SSI), 25 percent received Social Security income, and 11 percent 

received support from Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF). The percentage of 

households with zero gross income continued to increase in fiscal year 2008, rising to nearly 16

percent from 8 percent in fiscal year 2000.

Eighty-three percent of SNAP households included either a child or an elderly or disabled 

person, and these households received 88 percent of all benefits. Households with children 

received a relatively large average monthly SNAP benefit ($329), reflecting their larger 

household size. The average household with children had 3.3 people compared with an average 

of 1.1 people for households without children. A majority (61 percent) of SNAP households with 

children were single-adult households. Twenty-two percent of these single-adult households with 

children received cash benefits from TANF. Forty-seven percent of all SNAP households with 

children had earned income; 40 percent of single-adult households with children and 64 percent 

of married-head households with children had earned income. Five percent of all households 

with children had both TANF and earned income.

Households with an elderly member received a relatively small average monthly SNAP

benefit ($94), reflecting their smaller-than-average size (1.3 people) and higher-than-average 

incomes, compared with other SNAP participants. Eighty-one percent of SNAP households with 

an elderly member consisted of an elderly person living alone. These individuals received an 

average monthly benefit of $76 compared with an average monthly benefit of $172 for 

households with elderly people not living alone and $252 for households without any elderly 

people.

In fiscal year 2008, 42 percent of all SNAP participants were nonelderly adults, and 9 

percent were elderly people. Forty-nine percent of all participants were children, similar to the 

number of participating children in fiscal year 2007. About 66 percent of the children were 

school age, and 67 percent of nonelderly adult participants were women.

The percentage of households with zero gross income continued its upward trend, increasing 

from 14 percent in fiscal year 2007 to 16 percent in fiscal year 2008. The percentage of 

households with zero net income also increased, from 31 percent to 33 percent, while the 

percentage of households with earnings decreased slightly from 30 percent to 29 percent. The 

percentage of households with TANF income continued to fall, dropping by 1 point to 11 percent 

in fiscal year 2008.
1

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) is a central component of 

America’s nutrition assistance safety net.1The stated purpose of SNAP is ―to permit low-income 

households to obtain a more nutritious diet by increasing their purchasing power‖ (the Food and 

Nutrition Act of 2008, as amended, PL 95-113). SNAP is the largest of the 15 domestic food and 

nutrition assistance programs administered by the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Food and 

Nutrition Service (FNS). According to FNS administrative records, during fiscal year 2008, 

SNAP served approximately 28.4 million people in an average month at a total cost of $37.7

billion, $34.6 billion of which were for SNAP benefits.2

Imposing relatively few nonfinancial categorical exclusion criteria, SNAP is the only lowincome assistance program available nationwide to essentially all financially needy households.3

It provides benefits electronically, and the benefits may be redeemed for eligible food items in 

175,101 authorized stores across the nation.

Federal, State, and local governments share the costs and administration of SNAP. Congress 

authorizes the program and appropriates necessary funds. The Department of Agriculture 

establishes program regulations under the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008, as amended.

4

FNS 

administers SNAP nationally, while State and local welfare agencies operate the program locally. 

The federal government fully funds the benefits of SNAP. Administrative costs are shared by the 

cooperating agencies, with FNS paying about 50 percent of the costs.

SNAP benefits are available to most people who meet the income and resource standards set 

by Congress and thus serve a broad spectrum of the needy population. Using SNAP household 

data collected for quality control purposes, FNS sponsors this annual report describing the 

characteristics of the SNAP population (see Appendix G for a list of titles) and also uses the data 

for additional analyses. This report presents a picture of households and individuals participating 

in SNAP in fiscal year 2008. The remainder of this report draws on data for participating 

 
2

households eligible for SNAP under normal program rules and thus does not include information 

about those who received disaster assistance in fiscal year 2008.

5

In Chapter 2, we provide an overview of SNAP, including the regulations used to determine 

eligibility and benefits, and the factors that affect program participation and costs, such as trends 

in the national economy. In Chapter 3, we describe the characteristics of individuals and 

households participating in SNAP in fiscal year 2008. We present detailed national tables of 

SNAP household characteristics in Appendix A and detailed State-by-State tables of SNAP

household characteristics in Appendix B. We provide the fiscal year 2008 SNAP eligibility 

standards and maximum benefit amounts in Appendix C. In Appendix D, we provide a detailed 

explanation and evaluation of the source and reliability of the estimates contained in this report,

and in Appendix E, we present the sampling error of the estimates. The data collection 

instrument used to collect the SNAP Quality Control (SNAP QC) data, which forms the basis of 

this report, may be found in Appendix F, and a list of the reports in this series for prior years may 

be found in Appendix G.

 
3

CHAPTER 2: AN OVERVIEW OF SNAP

The characteristics of SNAP households and the level of SNAP participation change over 

time in response to legislative changes to SNAP and economic and demographic trends. In this 

chapter, we explain SNAP eligibility requirements, application procedures, benefit computation, 

and benefit issuance. We conclude the chapter with a summary of program participation and 

costs, including a discussion of how these costs were related to the economy in fiscal year 2008.

PROGRAM ELIGIBILITY REQUIREMENTS

The Food and Nutrition Act of 2008, as amended, establishes uniform national eligibility 

standards for SNAP. It defines a SNAP ―household‖; defines categories of households 

automatically eligible for benefits; and sets gross and net income limits, a resource limit, and 

various nonfinancial criteria. There are exceptions to the eligibility criteria for certain high-cost 

areas, such as Alaska and Hawaii, and for certain individuals such as people ages 60 and over 

and people with disabilities.1

The Household

Under SNAP rules, a household is defined as individuals who share a residential unit and 

purchase and prepare food together. The income and countable resources of each household 

member are aggregated to determine eligibility and benefits. Individuals who live together in a 

residential unit but do not purchase and prepare food together may apply as separate household 

units; their income and countable resources are considered separately in eligibility and benefit 

determinations. People who are elderly and disabled and cannot prepare and purchase food 

because of a substantial disability may apply as a separate household, as long as the gross 

monthly income of the remainder of their residential unit is less than 165 percent of the U.S. 

Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) poverty guidelines.2

 
4

Categorical Eligibility

Certain households are categorically eligible for SNAP and therefore not subject to income 

or resource limits. A household is categorically eligible if all of its members receive 

Supplemental Security Income (SSI), cash or in-kind Temporary Assistance to Needy Families 

(TANF), or General Assistance (GA). Benefits for these categorically-eligible households are 

determined according to the same rules used for other eligible households. 

A broader interpretation of categorical eligibility rules implemented on November 21, 2000 

requires States to confer categorical eligibility on families receiving or certified as eligible to 

receive benefits or services that are at least 50 percent funded by TANF or Maintenance of Effort 

(MOE) funds. States have the option of conferring categorical eligibility on families receiving or 

certified to receive benefits or services that are less than 50 percent funded by TANF/MOE. 

They may also confer categorical eligibility on households in which at least one member receives 

the benefit or service, but the State determines that the whole household benefits. If the purpose 

of the program conferring categorical eligibility is to prevent out-of-wedlock pregnancies or to 

foster or strengthen marriage, the household’s gross income must be under 200 percent of 

poverty. However, if the purpose of the program is to further work, this income limit does not 

apply. In some States, virtually all SNAP applicants receive a TANF/MOE-funded benefit, 

which makes them categorically eligible for SNAP benefits. In other States, only certain types of 

households may be authorized to receive the TANF/MOE-funded benefit. In 2008, almost all 

participating households were categorically eligible for SNAP in 10 States (see Table B-15).

Income Eligibility Standards

Monthly income is the most important determinant of household SNAP eligibility. 

Households that are not categorically eligible must meet two income eligibility standards: a gross 

income standard and a net income standard.3

As defined in the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008, as amended, gross income includes most 

cash income (with the exception of specific types of income such as loans) and excludes most 

noncash income, or in-kind benefits. To be eligible for SNAP, a household that is not 

categorically eligible and does not contain an elderly or disabled member must have a monthly 

gross income that is at or below 130 percent of the poverty guideline ($2,238 for a family of four 

in the contiguous United States in fiscal year 2008). Households with elderly or disabled 

members are not subject to the gross income standard. Net income is determined by subtracting 

deductions permitted under SNAP from monthly gross income. The Program deducts the 

following from a household’s gross monthly income to arrive at the net monthly income:4

 
5

Standard Deduction. Households receive a standard deduction based on location 

and household size. A household with one to three members received $134 in the 

contiguous United States in fiscal year 2008; larger households received a larger 

standard deduction. The standard deduction for outlying States and territories 

varies to reflect price differences between such areas and the contiguous United 

States (Appendix C). The standard deductions are adjusted annually for cost-ofliving increases.

Earned Income Deduction. Households with earnings receive a deduction equal 

to 20 percent of the combined earnings of household members.

Dependent Care Deduction. Households with dependents receive a deduction for 

out-of-pocket costs incurred for the care of children and other dependents while 

other household members work, seek employment, or attend school. The 

maximum dependent care deduction in fiscal year 2008 was $200 per month per 

dependent under age two and $175 per month per dependent age two or older.

Medical Deduction. A medical deduction is available only to households with 

elderly or disabled members. In most States, such households may deduct 

combined out-of-pocket medical costs exceeding $35 that are incurred on behalf 

of elderly or disabled members of the household. Five States have implemented 

medical deduction demonstration programs that use standard deduction amounts 

for households with medical expenses below a specified limit.5 Medical expenses 

reimbursed by insurance or government programs are not deductible in any State.

Child Support Payment Deduction. Households may deduct legally obligated 

child support payments made to or for a non-household member. States may 

choose to exclude child support payments from gross income rather than use the 

deduction. 

Excess Shelter Expense Deduction. A household is entitled to a deduction equal 

to shelter costs (such as rent, mortgage payments, utility bills, property taxes, and 

insurance) that exceed 50 percent of its countable income after all other potential 

deductions are subtracted from gross income. The limit on the excess shelter 

expense deduction in the contiguous United States for households without elderly 

or disabled members was $431 in fiscal year 2008. This amount is indexed to 

inflation increases. Households with elderly or disabled members are entitled to 

subtract the full value of shelter costs that exceed 50 percent of their adjusted 

income. The limit on the excess shelter expense deduction for outlying States and 

territories varies to reflect price differences between such areas and the 

contiguous United States (Appendix C). Some States also allow homeless 

households a deduction of up to $143 for shelter costs. 

To be eligible for SNAP, a household must have a net monthly income at or below 100 

percent of the poverty guideline ($1,721 for a family of four in the contiguous United States in 

 
6

fiscal year 2008). Categorically eligible households are not subject to the net income limit. The 

gross and net income eligibility standards vary by household size, as well as for residents of 

Alaska and Hawaii (see Appendix C).

Resources

The second most important determinant of SNAP eligibility is a household’s resources. 

Households are permitted up to $2,000 in countable resources or $3,000 in countable resources if 

at least one member is age 60 or older or disabled.6 Countable resources include cash, resources 

easily converted into cash (such as money in checking or savings accounts, savings certificates, 

stocks or bonds, or lump-sum payments), and some nonliquid resources, such as certain 

vehicles.7 However, some types of property are not counted, such as family homes, tools of a 

trade, or business property used to earn income. Categorically eligible households are not subject 

to resource limits.

Regulations implemented in January 2001 exclude from the resource test any vehicle with 

equity below $1,500, and exempt from the equity test one vehicle per adult in the household as 

well as any vehicles used by a teenager to drive to work or school.8For vehicles exempt from the 

equity test but not excluded entirely from the resource test, any fair market value exceeding 

$4,650 is counted toward the resource limit. For any remaining vehicles, the higher of either any 

fair market value in excess of $4,650 or any equity is counted.

In addition, the fiscal year 2001 Agricultural Appropriations Act (enacted in September 

2000 and effective July 1, 2001) allowed States to use TANF vehicle rules in place of SNAP

rules if the TANF rules were more generous. By September 2008, 30 States had adopted policies 

that excluded the value of all vehicles from the resource test.9 Other States adopted policies that 

excluded the value of one vehicle per adult or per household or increased the allowable value of 

one or more vehicles. These changes were designed to make it easier for low-income workers to 

keep a vehicle and still receive SNAP benefits.

Nonfinancial Eligibility Standards

The program has some nonfinancial eligibility standards, such as restrictions on the 

participation of students, strikers, people who are institutionalized, unauthorized immigrants, 

nonimmigrant visitors to the United States, and some lawful permanent resident noncitizens. In 

 
7

addition, nondisabled nonelderly adults living in households without children are subject to work 

registration requirements and time limits on benefit receipt.

The Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 (PRWORA) 

severely limited SNAP eligibility for legal noncitizens. While unauthorized immigrants have 

never been eligible for SNAP, the 2002 Farm Security and Rural Investment Act restored SNAP

benefits to the following groups of legal noncitizens who meet the program’s requirements:

Noncitizens who are receiving disability benefits, effective October 1, 2002

Noncitizens who have lived in the United States for more than five years, 

effective April 1, 2003

Noncitizens under age 18, regardless of date of entry, effective October 1, 2003

Those admitted as refugees and those granted asylum or a stay of deportation are eligible for 

SNAP benefits with no length-of-residency requirements.

In 2008, nondisabled nonelderly adults living in households without children could receive 

benefits only if they worked or participated in work-related activities10. With certain exceptions, 

those who did not meet these work requirements were restricted to 3 months of SNAP benefits in 

any 36-month period.11 Participants ages 18 to 49 were subject to this time limit unless they were 

in one of the following categories:

People who were disabled

People who were mentally or physically unfit for employment

Women who were pregnant

People needed in the home to care for an ill or incapacitated person

Relatives or other caretakers of dependent children

Students meeting SNAP eligibility requirements

People who worked at least 20 hours per week

People complying with work requirements under another program

People participating in a drug or alcohol rehabilitation program

People participating in a work experience program

 
8

APPLICATION PROCEDURES

To apply for SNAP benefits, individuals usually are required to appear in person at their 

local SNAP office. However, elderly and disabled people and people with transportation 

problems may be interviewed by telephone or at their home. As of September 2008, 16 States 

had statewide online applications and 3 more had online applications in part of the State. All 

States must allow individuals to apply for SNAP benefits when they apply for TANF or SSI 

benefits.

The Food and Nutrition Act of 2008, as amended, requires local offices to process 

applications for SNAP benefits within 30 days of receipt. However, applications from 

households with extremely low income or a low level of resources may be processed more 

quickly through the expedited SNAP eligibility verification procedures, allowing people to 

receive SNAP benefits within seven days after they apply. Those eligible for expedited service 

include (1) migrant or seasonal farm workers with countable resources equal to or less than $100, 

and (2) households with gross income equal to or less than $150 and countable resources equal to 

or less than $100.

SNAP participants are required to appear periodically in person at their local SNAP offices 

or participate in a telephone interview for recertification. The certification period varies 

according to the likelihood of a change in a SNAP household’s financial circumstances. The 

certification period for households with elderly members may be up to 24 months. In fiscal year 

2008, SNAP households were certified for benefits for an average of 12 months, a rate likely 

augmented by the longer certification periods for elderly households.

BENEFIT COMPUTATION

After a household is certified for SNAP, its monthly SNAP benefit is computed on the basis 

of its net monthly income, the benefit reduction rate, and the maximum SNAP benefit for its 

household size and location. The maximum benefit to which a household is entitled is based on 

the June cost of the Thrifty Food Plan (TFP) for a family of four, adjusted for household size and 

geographic areas outside the contiguous United States. The cost of the TFP is based on an 

economical and nutritious diet, adjusted for household size and composition. Maximum benefits 

are revised annually to reflect changes in the cost of the foods in the TFP. 

As specified in the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008, as amended, the maximum benefit was 

100 percent of the TFP in FY 2008. The maximum monthly benefit for a family of four in the 

contiguous United States was $542 (Appendix C).

The benefit reduction rate is the rate at which benefits are reduced for every additional dollar 

of net income. The benefit reduction rate is 30 percent, reflecting the assumption that a 

household will spend 30 percent of its net income on food and that SNAP will provide the 

difference between that amount and the maximum benefit. Thus, benefits are reduced by 30 cents 

for every additional dollar of net income.

A household’s monthly SNAP benefit is computed by subtracting 30 percent of its net 

income from the maximum benefit. If a household has zero net income, it receives the maximum 

SNAP benefit. In fiscal year 2008, all eligible one- and two-person households were guaranteed 
9

a minimum benefit of at least $10 per month, except during the initial month of participation. For 

new participants, benefits are pro-rated for the first month.

SSI-CAP and MFIP Households

Some households with SSI receive benefits that are computed differently from other SNAP

households because they are under an SSI Combined Application Project (SSI-CAP). SSI-CAP 

is a joint FNS-Social Security Administration (SSA) and State project that streamlines the SNAP

application process for single-person households eligible for SSI (which also makes them 

categorically eligible for SNAP). In fiscal year 2008, 12 States operated SSI-CAP 

demonstrations: Florida, Kentucky, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Mississippi, New York, North 

Carolina, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Texas, Virginia, and Washington. In general, SSI-CAP 

is limited to one-person elderly households receiving SSI and no earned income.12 In 9 of the 

States (Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, South 

Carolina, Texas, and Virginia), SSI-CAP households receive a standard benefit based on whether 

the State categorizes them as having ―high‖ or ―low‖ shelter expenses, as determined by the 

State. In 3 of the States (Florida, Massachusetts, and Washington), SSI-CAP households receive 

a benefit calculated by using actual income, the standard deduction, a standard utility allowance, 

and a standardized ―high‖ or ―low‖ shelter expense. SSI-CAP households do not receive any 

other deductions from their income.

Under the Minnesota Family Investment Program (MFIP), households in Minnesota that 

receive TANF have their benefit computed differently from other SNAP households. MFIP 

participants’ SNAP benefit is calculated at the same time as the cash assistance benefit by 

subtracting total income from an income threshold that is based on family size and is larger for 

families with earnings. If the difference between total income and the threshold is larger than the 

maximum benefit set by Minnesota, the family receives the full food portion of its benefit for 

food, and possibly an additional cash benefit. As a family’s income rises, the cash portion of the 

benefit is reduced before the food portion of the benefit. Families with income closer to the 

income threshold may not receive a cash benefit and will receive a smaller food benefit as well. 

MFIP participants are credited with a 39 percent earnings deduction but receive no other 

deductions from their income.

SNAP BENEFIT ISSUANCE

All 50 States, the District of Columbia, Guam, and the U.S. Virgin Islands have 

implemented Electronic Benefit Transfer (EBT) systems. In fiscal year 2008, all EBT systems 

were on-line, meaning that participants receive a ―debit‖ card, similar to a bank card, which is 

used to purchase food at authorized retail stores. The household’s monthly benefit is 

electronically transferred to an account created specifically for SNAP benefits. When a purchase 

is made, the amount of the purchase is debited from the account.

 
10

PROGRAM CHANGES SINCE THE PREVIOUS FISCAL YEAR

In fiscal year 2008, Iowa and Massachusetts implemented medical deduction demonstration 

programs. In these States, households with an elderly or disabled member who incurs medical 

expenses up to a specified limit receive a standard medical deduction. No new SSI-CAP 

demonstrations were initiated in fiscal year 2008.

The Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (P.L. 110-246), which became law June 

18, 2008 and took effect in October 2008, modifies several SNAP eligibility requirements. In 

addition, the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (P.L. 111-5), which became law 

February 17, 2009 and took effect April 2009, increases SNAP benefits. These changes take 

place after the period of this report and will be discussed in detail in the fiscal year 2009 report. 

SNAP PARTICIPATION AND COSTS

After declining slowly from 1985 through 1989, the number of SNAP participants grew 

substantially during the early 1990s. As illustrated in Figure 2.1, the number of SNAP

participants increased by 37 percent from fiscal year 1990 to fiscal year 1994. Since peaking at 

28.0 million people in March 1994, the number of eligible SNAP participants declined steadily 

through 2000 but began to rise in 2001, and increased each year through 2008. There were 17.3 

million participants in fiscal year 2001, increasing to 28.4 million participants in fiscal year 

2008.

13

Several factors account for the decline in the number of SNAP participants from 1994 to 

2000. Part of the decline is associated with the improved economy in the second half of the 

1990’s. Major economic indicators generally showed improvement from 1994 to 1998 (Table 

2.1), and the number of participants fell during this period of sustained economic growth. In 

addition, research suggests that about a third of the total decline in the number of participants 

occurred because rising income and resources lifted people above the program’s eligibility 

limits. Another eight percent of the decline reflects welfare reform’s restrictions on the eligibility 

of noncitizens and limits on the time during which nonelderly nondisabled childless unemployed 

adults may receive benefits. The remainder of the decline—just over half—occurred because 

fewer eligible people participated in the program.14

The increase in SNAP participants since 2001 coincided with expansions in SNAP 

eligibility, such as the relaxation of vehicle rules, the restoration of eligibility for many legal 

noncitizens, and the expansions in categorical eligibility, as well as the outreach efforts promoted 

by FNS. From 2001 to 2003, the increase also coincided with a rise in the unemployment rate 

and a weakening economy. From 2004 to 2006, although the economy improved, participation 

continued to grow as eligibility expanded. In particular, all legal immigrant children became 

eligible for SNAP. Also, States continued to relax vehicle rules and expand categorical 

eligibility. From 2007 to 2008, participation grew even further as the economy weakened and the 

 
11

unemployment rate began to rise again. Not only did participation increase since 2001; the 

percentage of eligible people choosing to participate in SNAP also rose since 2001, from 53.9 

percent in fiscal year 2001 to 65.8 percent in fiscal year 2007.

15

Total SNAP costs increased from $33.2 billion in fiscal year 2007 to $37.7 billion in fiscal 

year 2008. The rise in costs was caused largely by the increase in SNAP participants and the 

annual increase in the maximum allotment, which was driven by the increase in the Thrifty Food 

Plan.

a Annual Values: U.S. Census Bureau, Poverty in the United States: 2008.

b Average monthly values. Source: Food and Nutrition Service Fiscal Year 2008 Program Operations data.

c Average monthly values. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

 

0

10

20

30

40

'85 '86 '87 88 '89 '90 '91 '92 '93 '94 '95 '96 '97 '98 '99 '00 '01 '02 '03 '04 '05 '06 '07 '08

Year

FIGURE 2.1

SNAP PARTICIPANTS, UNEMPLOYED 

INDIVIDUALS, AND INDIVIDUALS IN POVERTY, 1985–2008

Individuals in Povertya

SNAP Participantsb

Unemployed Individualsc

Millions
12

Table 2.1. Major Economic Indicators, Calendar Years 1994–2008

Calendar Year

Economic Indicator 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Real GDP Increasea4.0 2.5 3.7 4.5 4.2 4.5 3.7 0.8 1.6 2.5 3.6 2.9 2.8 2.0 1.1

Productivity Increaseb1.0 0.1 3.0 1.9 2.8 3.1 2.9 2.5 4.1 3.8 2.9 1.8 0.9 1.6 2.7

Unemployment Ratec6.1 5.6 5.4 4.9 4.5 4.2 4.0 4.7 5.8 6.0 5.5 5.1 4.6 4.6 5.8

Inflation Rated2.1 2.0 1.9 1.7 1.1 1.4 2.2 2.4 1.7 2.1 2.9 3.3 3.2 2.7 2.2

Interest Ratee8.0 7.6 7.4 7.3 6.5 7.1 7.6 7.1 6.5 5.7 5.6 5.2 5.6 5.6 5.6

Individuals Below 

Poverty Line

Number in Thousands 38,059 36,425 36,529 35,574 34,476 32,791 31,581 32,907 34,570 35,861 37,040 36,950 36,460 37,276 39,829

Percentage of Total 

Population 14.5 13.8 13.7 13.3 12.7 11.9 11.3 11.7 12.1 12.5 12.7 12.6 12.3 12.5 13.2

a Percent change from preceding year. 

b Percent change from preceding year in output per hour, business sector. 

c Unemployment rate for all civilian workers. 

d Percentage change from preceding year in the implicit price deflator for Gross Domestic Product. 

e Corporate AAA bond yield.

Sources:

First line of data: Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis, National Income and Product Accounts.

Second line of data: Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics. ―Major Sector Productivity and Costs Index.‖

Third line of data: Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Fourth line of data: Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis, National Income and Product Accounts.

Fifth line of data: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System.

Sixth and seventh lines of data: U.S. Census Bureau, Poverty in the United States.
13

CHAPTER 3: CHARACTERISTICS OF SNAP

HOUSEHOLDS AND PARTICIPANTS

SNAP serves the nutritional needs of a broad spectrum of low-income Americans.1In an 

average month in fiscal year 2008, SNAP provided benefits to 27.8 million people living in 12.5

million households.2The vast majority of SNAP households (87 percent) lived in poverty,

according to the federal poverty guidelines for program eligibility in fiscal year 2008. Most 

SNAP households (83 percent) included a child (under age 18), an elderly person (age 60 and 

over), or a disabled nonelderly person. The average SNAP household received a monthly benefit 

of $222, had a gross monthly income of $701, a net monthly income of $335, countable 

resources of $126, and was entitled to a total deduction of $442 per month.3,4,5The average 

household size was 2.2 people.

In this chapter, we discuss the composition and economic status of SNAP households, the 

characteristics of SNAP participants, and the changes in the characteristics of SNAP households 

from fiscal year 2007 to fiscal year 2008. Tables 3.1 and 3.2 show the poverty status of 

participants and the effect of SNAP benefits on poverty among participating households; Tables 

3.3 and 3.4 present sources of income and average monthly income, benefit, and unit size by 

household composition; Table 3.5 shows demographic characteristics of participants; and Table 

 
14

3.6 compares the change since 2007 in average income, deductions, and benefit for participating 

households in constant 2007 dollars.

THE POVERTY STATUS OF SNAP HOUSEHOLDS6

SNAP provides benefits to households in need. In fiscal year 2008 the gross monthly income 

of 87 percent of SNAP households was less than or equal to 100 percent of the federal poverty 

guideline (Table 3.1).7The gross monthly income of 61 percent of all SNAP households was less 

than or equal to 75 percent of the poverty guideline, and the income of 41 percent of all SNAP

households was less than or equal to 50 percent of the guideline.

The Program effectively targets benefits to the neediest households; poorer households 

receive larger SNAP benefits than do households with more income. The 41 percent of all SNAP

households with a gross monthly income less than or equal to 50 percent of the poverty guideline 

in fiscal year 2008 received 58 percent of all benefits. In contrast, the 13 percent of households 

with a gross monthly income over the poverty guideline received only 6 percent of all benefits 

(Table A-1).

The impact of SNAP benefits on a household’s purchasing power is estimated by adding the 

dollar value of the benefits to household income and examining the distribution of households by 

poverty status.8 As shown in Table 3.2, the combination of cash and SNAP benefits yields a 

significantly different distribution of SNAP households by poverty status. Specifically, when 

SNAP benefits are included in gross income, the resulting increase in income of SNAP

households was enough to move 9 percent of participating households above the poverty 

guideline. SNAP benefits had an even greater impact on the poorest SNAP households, moving 

15 percent of them above 50 percent of the poverty guideline.

HOUSEHOLDS WITH SPECIAL NEEDS9

SNAP effectively serves many households that contain people with special needs—children, 

elderly, and disabled people. In fiscal year 2008, 83 percent of all SNAP households contained a 

child, an elderly person, or a disabled nonelderly person. These households received 88 percent 

of all SNAP benefits (Table A-14).

 
15

Table 3.1. Distribution of Households and Their Benefits by Countable Income as a Percentage 

of Poverty Guideline, Fiscal Year 2008

Gross Income as a Percentage of 

Poverty Guidelinea

Percentage of:

All Households All Benefits

Total .............................................. 100.0 100.0

25% or less..................................... 25.6 34.4

26–50%.......................................... 15.1 23.9

51–75%.......................................... 20.6 20.8

76–100%........................................ 25.5 15.4

101–130%...................................... 10.9 5.1

131% or more ................................ 2.3 0.5

a Defined as the fiscal year 2008 SNAP net income screen (see Appendix C).

Source: Fiscal year 2008 SNAP QC sample.

Table 3.2. Effect of SNAP Benefits on the Poverty Status of SNAP Households, Fiscal Year 2008

Gross Income as a Percentage 

of Poverty Guidelinea

Distribution of Households in

Relation to Poverty Guideline

Difference in 

Percentage 

Points

Based on Cash 

Only

Based on Cash and 

SNAP Benefitsb

Total ........................................... 100% 100% 0.0

50% or less.................................. 40.7 25.4 -15.3

51–100%..................................... 46.1 52.8 +6.7

101% or more ............................. 13.2 21.7 +8.5

a Defined as the fiscal year 2008 SNAP net income screen (see Appendix C).

b Estimates may not add to 100 percent due to rounding.

Source: Fiscal year 2008 SNAP QC sample.
16

Households with Children

In each month of fiscal year 2008, SNAP served approximately 6.3 million households with 

children, representing just over half (51 percent) of all SNAP households (Table 3.3). 

Households with children and earnings constituted 82 percent of all SNAP households with 

earnings. Twenty percent of all households with children received TANF cash benefits, and 5 

percent received a combination of TANF and earnings (Table A-6). Compared with other SNAP

households, those with children received a relatively high average SNAP benefit of $329 per 

month (Table 3.4), primarily reflecting the fact that the average household size among SNAP

households with children (3.3 people) was larger than the average household size among all 

SNAP households (2.2 people).

In fiscal year 2008, nearly two-thirds (61 percent) of all SNAP households with children 

were headed by a single adult (usually a female), representing 31 percent of all SNAP

households (Table 3.3). Approximately 8 percent of all SNAP households contained a married 

head of household and children, representing 17 percent of all SNAP households with children.

Of the 3.9 million single-adult SNAP households with children, about 840,000 (22 percent) 

received TANF, more than 1.5 million (40 percent) had earnings, and more than half a million 

(14 percent) received SSI. Of the slightly more than 1 million married-head households with 

children, 64 percent had earned income and 11 percent received TANF (Table 3.3).

The characteristics of married-head households with children varied considerably from those 

of single-adult households with children. The average monthly SNAP benefit for single-adult 

households with children was lower than that of married-head households with children ($319

versus $382) due to the smaller size of single-adult households (Table 3.4). However, the per 

capita benefit was higher for people in single-adult households with children than for people in 

married-head households with children ($106 versus $87), in part because single-adult 

households were poorer. Single-adult households with children had a substantially lower gross 

monthly income than married-head households with children ($745 versus $1,242).

Among all households with children, 19 percent received child support and 12 percent had 

no countable income (Table A-6).

Households with Elderly People

In each month of fiscal year 2008, SNAP served an average of 2.3 million households 

containing elderly people (age 60 and over), representing 19 percent of all SNAP households 

(Table 3.3). These households received an average SNAP benefit of $94 per month and had an 

average household size of 1.3 people (Table 3.4).
Table 3.3-- Household Composition and Selected Characteristics of Participating Households, Fiscal Year 2008

Households With:

All Households Households With Countable:

Number

(000)

Percent

Earned Income Social Security TANF General Assistance SSI

Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent

Total

a ........................................................... 12,465 100.0 3,640 100.0 3,064 100.0 1,321 100.0 639 100.0 3,278 100.0

Children ...................................................... 6,342 50.9 2,975 81.7 602 19.6 1,295 98.0 132 20.6 868 26.5 Single-Adult Household

b ........................... 3,876 31.1 1,547 42.5 350 11.4 844 63.9 91 14.2 542 16.5

 Male Adult .............................................. 214 1.7 72 2.0 28 0.9 44 3.3 4 0.6 26 0.8 Female Adult ........................................... 3,662 29.4 1,475 40.5 322 10.5 800 60.6 87 13.6 516 15.7 Multiple-Adult Household ......................... 1,723 13.8 1,011 27.8 237 7.7 245 18.5 30 4.7 303 9.3 Married Head Household ........................ 1,057 8.5 681 18.7 124 4.1 120 9.1 13 2.0 141 4.3 Other Multiple-Adult Household ............ 666 5.3 329 9.0 113 3.7 125 9.5 17 2.6 162 4.9 Children Only ............................................. 743 6.0 418 11.5 15 0.5 206 15.6 11 1.7 23 0.7Elderly Individuals ..................................... 2,312 18.5 102 2.8 1,574 51.4 39 2.9 121 18.9 1,226 37.4 Living Alone .............................................. 1,865 15.0 51 1.4 1,290 42.1 1 0.1 94 14.7 995 30.4 Not Living Alone ....................................... 447 3.6 51 1.4 284 9.3 38 2.9 27 4.2 231 7.0Disabled Nonelderly Individuals

c ............. 2,821 22.6 277 7.6 1,333 43.5 275 20.8 144 22.6 2,105 64.2

 Living Alone .............................................. 1,581 12.7 75 2.1 843 27.5 2 0.2 73 11.4 1,098 33.5 Not Living Alone ....................................... 1,240 9.9 202 5.6 490 16.0 273 20.6 72 11.2 1,007 30.7Other Households

d ..................................... 2,164 17.4 491 13.5 21 0.7 16 1.2 305 47.8 – –

 Single-Person Household ........................... 1,972 15.8 397 10.9 16 0.5 11 0.8 292 45.8 – – Multi-Person Household ............................ 192 1.5 94 2.6 6 0.2 5 0.4 13 2.0 – –Single-Person Households ......................... 5,671 45.5 657 18.1 2,152 70.2 79 6.0 465 72.7 2,094 63.9

a The sum of individual categories does not match the table total because a household can have more than one of the characteristics.

b Because gender is missing for some individuals in the SNAP QC sample, the sum of single-adult households headed by males plus the number headed by females may not add up to the total number of

single-adult households.

c Due to changes in the SNAP QC data, the definition of disabled changed in 2003. Beginning with the 2003 report, we are only able to identify households that contain a disabled person. In previous

reports, we had additional information that helped to identify which household member was disabled.

d Households not containing children, elderly individuals, or disabled nonelderly individuals.

– No sample households are found in this category.

 Source: Fiscal Year 2008 Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Quality Control sample.
Table 3.4-- Average Values of Selected Characteristics by Household Composition, Fiscal Year 2008

Households With:

Average Values

Gross Monthly

Countable

Income

(Dollars)

Net Monthly

Countable

Income

(Dollars)a

Monthly

SNAP Benefit

(Dollars)

Household

Size

(Persons)

Monthly

SNAP Benefit

Per Person

(Dollars)

Total ............................................................ 701 335 222 2.2 103

Children ...................................................... 839 422 329 3.3 104

 Single-Adult Household ............................. 745 364 319 3.1 106

 Male Adult .............................................. 681 328 289 2.7 109

 Female Adult ........................................... 749 366 321 3.1 106

 Multiple-Adult Household ......................... 1,166 647 387 4.4 90

 Married Head Household ........................ 1,242 701 382 4.5 87

 Other Multiple-Adult Household ............ 1,045 562 393 4.2 95

 Children Only ............................................. 573 199 247 2.1 124

Elderly Individuals ..................................... 762 375 94 1.3 75

 Living Alone .............................................. 694 314 76 1.0 76

 Not Living Alone ....................................... 1,047 610 172 2.4 70

Disabled Nonelderly Individualsb ............. 885 463 159 2.0 79

 Living Alone .............................................. 716 305 79 1.0 79

 Not Living Alone ....................................... 1,101 662 261 3.3 78

Other Householdsc..................................... 219 68 158 1.1 147

 Single-Person Household ........................... 183 51 150 1.0 150

 Multi-Person Household ............................ 592 240 247 2.1 116

Single-Person Households ......................... 507 205 105 1.0 105

a Because net income is not used in their benefit determination, 28,146 households participating in the Minnesota Family

Investment Program (MFIP) and 190,841 households participating in an SSI Combined Application Project (SSI-CAP) in Kentucky,

Louisiana, Mississippi, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvabia, South Carolina, Texas or Virginia are excluded from this column.

b Due to changes in the SNAP QC data, the definition of disabled changed in 2003. Beginning with the 2003 report, we are only

able to identify households that contain a disabled person. In previous reports, we had additional information that helped to identify

which household member was disabled.

c Households not containing children, elderly individuals, or disabled individuals.

 Source: Fiscal Year 2008 Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Quality Control sample.

18
19

Elderly people who received SNAP benefits tended to live alone and thus received relatively 

small benefit amounts. In fiscal year 2008, 81 percent of all SNAP households with elderly 

members were single-person households (Table 3.3). These households received an average 

SNAP benefit of $76 per month compared with $129 in benefits for multi-person households 

containing only elderly people and $206 in benefits for multi-person households containing both 

elderly and nonelderly people (Table A-15). In households without elderly members, the average 

SNAP benefit was $252 (Table A-2). The average size of households with elderly people not 

living alone was 2.4 people.

A majority of SNAP households that contained elderly people received SSI or Social 

Security income. In fiscal year 2008, 53 percent of all SNAP households with elderly members 

received SSI and 68 percent received Social Security (Table 3.3). Twenty-nine percent of 

households with elderly members received both SSI and Social Security income, down from 34 

percent in 2007 (Table A-6). SNAP households with elderly members represented 37 percent of 

all SNAP households with SSI and 51 percent of SNAP households with Social Security income 

(Table 3.3).

Households with Disabled Nonelderly People

In every month of fiscal year 2008, SNAP served an average of 2.8 million households 

containing disabled nonelderly people (Table 3.3).1 Households with disabled nonelderly people 

represented 23 percent of all SNAP households and received an average monthly SNAP benefit 

of $159 (Table 3.4).

About 56 percent of SNAP households with disabled nonelderly people were single-person 

households (Table 3.3). Households containing a disabled nonelderly person living alone 

received a lower average monthly SNAP benefit than did households containing disabled 

nonelderly people not living alone ($79 compared with $261) (Table 3.4). Again, the difference

in benefits between the two groups reflects differences in average household size. Disabled 

nonelderly people who did not live alone resided in households with an average of 3.3 

individuals and a per capita benefit of $78. Seventy-five percent of households with disabled 

nonelderly people received SSI and 47 percent received Social Security income (Table 3.3).

Other Households Served by SNAP

SNAP serves needy households other than those that contain children, elderly people, or 

disabled people. In fiscal year 2008, 17 percent of all SNAP households consisted solely of one 

or more nonelderly, nondisabled adults with no children (Table 3.3). These households tended to 

be single-person households (91 percent) and were the largest category (48 percent) of 

 
20

households that received GA. However, 86 percent of these households did not receive General 

Assistance. These households had a very low average monthly gross income ($219), and 53

percent had zero gross income (Table A-16). Households consisting solely of one or more 

nonelderly, nondisabled adults received an average SNAP benefit of $158 per month (Table 3.4).

Single-Person Households

Of all SNAP households in fiscal year 2008, 45 percent were single-person households 

(Table 3.3).2These households received an average monthly SNAP benefit of $105 (Table 3.4). 

A majority of these individuals (57 percent) were female, and 33 percent were elderly; another 

28 percent were nonelderly disabled individuals (Tables A-17 and A-24). Compared with all 

SNAP households, a relatively small proportion of SNAP participants living alone had earned 

income (12 percent versus 29 percent), and a relatively high proportion had zero gross income 

(21 percent versus 16 percent) (Tables 3.3 and A-4). By comparison, 44 percent of all multipleperson households had earned income, and 12 percent had zero gross income. Not surprisingly, 

given the high proportion of elderly and disabled individuals making up single-person 

households, 37 and 38 percent of these households received, respectively, SSI and Social 

Security income.

CHARACTERISTICS OF SNAP PARTICIPANTS

In fiscal year 2008, 49 percent of SNAP participants were children (younger than age 18), 

and they received 49 percent of pro-rated SNAP benefits (Table 3.5). Nearly two-thirds (66

percent) of children served by SNAP were school age (ages 5 to 17). Forty-two percent of 

participants were nonelderly adults (ages 18 to 59), and 9 percent were elderly adults. 

Sixty-seven percent of both nonelderly adults and elderly adults were female (Table A-23). 

Eight percent of participants were citizen children living with noncitizens. A little more than 6 

percent of SNAP participants were foreign-born immigrants—3 percent were naturalized 

citizens, nearly 3 percent were Legal Permanent Residents, and nearly 1 percent were refugees.

CHANGES IN THE ECONOMIC CONDITIONS OF SNAP HOUSEHOLDS

The overall economic conditions of the average SNAP household declined from fiscal year 

2007 to fiscal year 2008, likely a result of the deteriorating job market and national economy. 

The average household gross income decreased in real dollars from $718 in fiscal year 2007 to 

$701 in fiscal year 2008, while the average household net income decreased in real dollars from 

$343 to $335 during this same period (Table 3.6). While the percentage of households with zero 

gross income and zero net income each increased by 2 percentage points in fiscal year 2008 (to 

16 percent and 33 percent, respectively), the average household benefit decreased in real dollars 

from $226 to $222. The percentage of households with earnings declined slightly in fiscal year 

2008, to 29 percent, while the percentage of households with TANF income continued to fall, 

dropping by more than 1 point to 11 percent in fiscal year 2008 (Table 3.6 and Table A-26).

 
Table 3.5 -- SNAP Benefits of Participants by Selected Demographic Characteristics, Fiscal Year

2008

Participant Characteristic

Total Participants Pro-rated Benefitsa

Number

(000)

Percent Dollars

(000)

Percent

Total .............................................. 27,791 100.0 2,772,510 100.0

Citizenship

 U.S. Born Citizen ........................ 25,996 93.5 2,594,519 93.6

 Naturalized Citizen ...................... 827 3.0 79,495 2.9

 Refugee ........................................ 203 0.7 21,246 0.8

 Other Noncitizen ......................... 765 2.8 77,251 2.8

Citizen Children Living with

Noncitizensb ............................ 2,072 7.5 225,377 8.1

Nonelderly, Nondisabled,

Childless Adults ..................... 1,055 3.8 144,708 5.2

Age

Children ......................................... 13,496 48.6 1,358,361 49.0

 Preschool Age Children ............... 4,656 16.8 495,827 17.9

 0-1 ............................................. 1,945 7.0 209,643 7.6

 2-4 ............................................. 2,711 9.8 286,184 10.3

 School Age Children ................... 8,840 31.8 862,534 31.1

 5-7 ............................................. 2,508 9.0 253,320 9.1

 8-11 ........................................... 2,826 10.2 276,566 10.0

 12-15 ......................................... 2,426 8.7 232,239 8.4

 16-17 ......................................... 1,080 3.9 100,409 3.6

 Nonelderly Adults (18-59) .......... 11,775 42.4 1,227,655 44.3

 Elderly Adults (60 or more) ........ 2,519 9.1 186,291 6.7

 Unknown Age .............................. 1 0.0 202 0.0

a Pro-rated benefits equal the benefits paid to households multiplied by the ratio of participants with

selected characteristic to total household size.

b Noncitizens may be inside or outside the SNAP unit.

 Source: Fiscal Year 2008 Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Quality Control sample.

21
22 

Table 3.6. Nominal and Real Values of Selected Characteristics, Fiscal Year 2007 and Fiscal Year 

2008 

Fiscal Year 

2007

Fiscal Year 

2008

Percentage 

Change in

Nominal 

Values

Percentage 

Change in

Real

Values

Characteristic Nominal 

Value

Real 

Value

(in 2008

dollars)

Nominal 

Value

Average Gross Incomea

Per Household $691 $718 $701 +1.4 -2.4

Per Person 377 392 384 +1.9 -2.0

Average Net Incomea

Per Household 330 343 335 +1.5 -2.3

Per Person 164 170 168 +2.4 -1.2

Average Total Deductiona430 447 442 +2.8 -1.1

Average Household 

Benefitb212 226 222 +4.7 -1.8

Consumer Price Index (CPI)

All Items 207.3 215.3 +3.9

Food at Home 201.2 214.1 +6.4

a Real values are in constant fiscal year 2008 dollars. Fiscal year 2007 values were inflated by the change 

in the CPI-U for all items between fiscal year 2007 and fiscal year 2008 (3.9 percent). 

b Real values are in constant fiscal year 2008 dollars. Fiscal year 2007 values were inflated by the change 

in the CPI-U for food at home between fiscal year 2007 and fiscal year 2008 (6.4 percent). 

Source of CPI-U average values: U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics. 

Source of nominal values: Fiscal year 2007 and fiscal year 2008 SNAP QC samples. 
ACRONYMS AND DEFINITIONS

25

ACRONYMS AND DEFINITIONS

ACRONYMS

EBT = Electronic Benefit Transfer

FNS = U.S. Department of Agriculture, 

Food and Nutrition Service

SNAP = Supplemental Nutrition Assistance

Program

SNAP QC = Supplemental Nutrition Assistance

Program Quality Control

GA = General Assistance

HHS = U.S. Department of Health and 

Human Services

MFIP = Minnesota Family Investment 

Program

MOE = Maintenance of Effort

PRWORA= Personal Responsibility and Work 

Opportunity Reconciliation Act of

1996

SSI = Supplemental Security Income

SSI-CAP = SSI Combined Application Project

TANF = Temporary Assistance to Needy 

Families

TFP = Thrifty Food Plan

USDA = U.S. Department of Agriculture

DEFINITIONS

Asylees. Noncitizens granted political asylum. 

In the tables in this report, the term ―refugee‖ 

includes refugees, asylees, and deportees.

Categorically Eligible Households. 

Households in which all members receive 

TANF, SSI, or GA. Includes households 

receiving benefits or services that are at least 50 

percent funded by TANF or MOE funds. Some 

States also confer categorical eligibility based on 

benefits or services that are less than 50 percent 

funded by TANF/MOE and on households 

where at least one member receives a benefit or 

service, but the State determines that the whole 

household benefits. If the purpose of the 

program conferring categorical eligibility is to 

prevent out-of-wedlock pregnancies or foster or 

strengthen marriage, the household’s gross 

income must be under 200 percent of poverty. 

However, if the purpose of the program is to 

further work, this income limit does not apply.

Certification Period. Length of time a 

household is certified to receive SNAP benefits. 

When the certification period expires, 

households must be recertified to continue

receiving benefits.

Children. Individuals under age 18.

Child Support Payment Deduction. Deduction 

for households with legally obligated child 

support payments made to or for a nonhousehold member. States may choose to 

exclude child support payments from gross 

income rather than use the deduction. See also 

Deductions.

Countable Resources. Cash on hand and 

resources that may be converted easily to cash, 

such as money in checking or savings accounts, 

savings certificates, stocks or bonds, and lumpsum payments. Such resources also include 

some nonliquid resources, although the family 

home, certain family vehicles, and business tools 

or property are not counted. See also Resource 

Limit.

Deductions. Allowable deductions from a 

household’s gross monthly income to arrive at 

SNAP net monthly income. The deductions 

shown in the tables are those to which 

households were entitled. (MFIP and SSI-CAP 

participants are subject to different rules.) Some 

of the deductions may not have been used before 

a household reached zero net income status, 

however. Therefore, total deductions do not 

equal the difference between gross and net 

income amounts. See also Child Support 

Payment Deduction, Dependent Care 

Deduction, Earned Income Deduction, Excess 

Shelter Expense Deduction, Medical Deduction, 

Minnesota Family Investment Program, SSI-
26

Combined Application Project, Standard 

Deduction, and Total Deduction.

Deemed Income. Individual sponsors of certain 

noncitizens may be subject to sponsor-tononcitizen deeming, which counts the sponsor’s 

income and resources as part of the noncitizen’s 

own income and resources when determining 

eligibility for SNAP.

Dependent Care Deduction. Deduction 

received by SNAP households for expenses 

involved in caring for dependents while other 

household members work, seek employment, or 

attend school. See also Appendix C and 

Deductions.

Deportees. Noncitizens granted a stay of 

deportation. In the tables in this report, the term 

―refugee‖ includes refugees, asylees, and 

deportees.

Earned Income. Includes wages, salaries, and 

self-employment income.

Earned Income Deduction. Deduction received 

by households with earnings, equal to 20 percent 

of the combined earnings of household 

members. (MFIP participants are entitled to a 39

percent earned income deduction.) See also 

Deductions and Minnesota Family Investment 

Program. 

Elderly People. Adults ages 60 or older.

Electronic Benefit Transfer. Means of benefit

delivery via electronic debit card, similar to a 

bank card, used to purchase food at authorized 

retail stores.

Entrant Households. Households newly 

certified during fiscal year 2008 and in their first 

month of participation.

Excess Shelter Expense Deduction. Deduction 

received by households with shelter costs, equal 

to those shelter costs that exceed 50 percent of 

the household’s countable income after all other 

potential deductions are subtracted from gross 

income. There is a limit on the shelter deduction 

for households without elderly or disabled 

members. See also Appendix C and Deductions 

and Homeless Household Shelter Estimate.

Expedited Service Households. Households 

with gross income equal to or less than $150 and 

countable resources equal to or less than $100, 

or with migrant or seasonal farm workers with 

countable resources equal to or less than $100 

are eligible for expedited SNAP eligibility 

verification procedures. A State agency must 

review each SNAP application and conduct an 

eligibility interview within seven days of 

application submission. Eligible households 

receive SNAP benefits within this timeframe.

Gross Income. Total monthly countable income 

of a household in dollars, before applying 

deductions.

Gross Income Limit. SNAP monthly gross 

income eligibility standards, determined by 

household size; equal to 130 percent of HHS 

poverty guidelines. See also Appendix C.

Homeless Household Shelter Estimate. Some 

States allow homeless households to deduct a set 

amount for shelter expenses.

Household. Individuals who live in a residential 

unit and purchase and prepare food together.

Households with Children. Households with at 

least one member under age 18.

Households with Disabled Nonelderly People. 

Households with either nonelderly SSI 

recipients, a medical deduction and no elderly 

individuals, or nonelderly adults who do not 

appear to be working and who are receiving 

Social Security, veteran’s benefits, or workers’

compensation.

Households with Elderly People. Households 

with at least one member age 60 or older.

Initial Certification Households. Includes both 

households certified for the first time within the 

current certification period and previously 

certified households that have not received 

benefits for at least 30 days.

Lawful Permanent Residents. Noncitizens 

lawfully admitted for permanent resident status. 

Married-Head Households. Households 

containing a spouse of the household head.
27

Maximum Benefit. In 2008, was based on 100 

percent of the cost of the Thrifty Food Plan in 

the preceding June for a reference family of 

four, rounded to the lowest dollar increment. 

Maximum benefit varies from the Continental 

United States to Alaska, Hawaii, Guam, and the 

Virgin Islands. See also Appendix C.

Medical Deduction. Deduction available to 

households that contain elderly or disabled 

members, equal to all unreimbursed medical 

expenses incurred by the elderly or disabled 

person that exceed $35. See also Deductions. 

Medical Deduction Demonstrations. State 

programs that use a standard deduction amount 

for households with medical expenses below a 

specified limit. 

Metropolitan Households. Households whose 

SNAP application was processed at an agency in 

a Census Bureau–defined Metropolitan 

Statistical Area (MSA). An MSA has at least 

one urbanized area with population of 50,000 or 

more and includes adjacent territory with a high 

degree of social and economic integration with 

the core, as measured by commuting ties.

Micropolitan Households. Households whose 

SNAP application was processed at an agency in 

a Census Bureau–defined Micropolitan 

Statistical Area. A Micropolitan Statistical Area 

has at least one urban cluster of at least 10,000 

but less than 50,000 population and includes 

adjacent territory with a high degree of social 

and economic integration with the core, as 

measured by commuting ties.

Minimum Benefit. $10 for one- or two-person 

households.

Minnesota Family Investment Program 

(MFIP). Minnesota’s cash assistance program, 

which calculates SNAP benefits for participating 

households as a component separate from the 

cash assistance calculation within the same 

grant. 

Net Income. Total monthly countable income of 

household in dollars after applying deductions. 

Net income is not calculated for MFIP 

households or SSI-CAP households in 

Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, New York, 

North Carolina, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, 

Texas and Virginia.

Net Income Limit. SNAP monthly net income 

eligibility standard, determined by household 

size, equal to 100 percent of the HHS poverty 

guidelines. See also Appendix C.

Nonelderly Adults. Adults ages 18 to 59.

Nonimmigrant Visitors to the United States. 

Noncitizens who have been admitted for a 

specified period, including tourists, students, and 

foreign nationals with work permits.

Nonparticipating Household Head 

Households. Households headed by someone 

who is ineligible for SNAP, such as an ineligible 

noncitizen.

Personal Responsibility and Work 

Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 

(PRWORA). A law enacted in 1996 that made 

sweeping changes to the nation’s public 

assistance programs. It disqualified many lawful 

permanent resident noncitizens and nonelderly 

nondisabled adults from SNAP. In addition, it 

changed cash welfare from an entitlement to

temporary assistance designed to move parents 

to work. Given that many cash welfare 

recipients also participate in SNAP, changes to 

the cash welfare program significantly affect 

SNAP participants.

Poverty Guidelines. The poverty guidelines 

used by FNS are issued by the U.S. Department 

of Health and Human Services. Dividing the 

guidelines by 12 yields the monthly net income 

limits for SNAP. The Census Bureau establishes 

other poverty thresholds used primarily for 

statistical purposes. See also Appendix C.

Preschool-Age Children. Children under age 5.

Pure PA. A household is considered to be pure 

PA if every member of the household receives 

SSI income, is covered by a cash TANF benefit, 

or receives SSI or GA income.

Refugees. Noncitizens accorded refugee status. 

In the tables in this report, the term ―refugee‖ 

includes refugees, asylees, and deportees. See 

also Asylees and Deportees.
28

Resource Limit. For most non-categorically 

eligible households, the resource limit was 

$2,000 in fiscal year 2008. Households 

containing an elderly or disabled person were 

allowed up to $3,000 of countable resources. See 

also Countable Resources.

Rural. A household is considered rural if the 

county in which its local SNAP agency is 

located is not in a Metropolitan Statistical Area 

or a Micropolitan Statistical Area.

School-Age Children. Children ages 5 to 17.

Shelter Deduction. See Excess Shelter Expense 

Deduction.

Single-Adult with Children Households. 

Households with exactly one person age 18 or 

older, no spouse, and at least one person under 

age 18.

Single-Person Households. Households 

containing exactly one person.

SSI-Combined Application Project (SSICAP). Joint FNS-SSA-State partnerships with a 

goal of streamlining the procedures for 

providing SNAP benefits to single-person 

households eligible for SSI. 

Standard Deduction. Deduction received by all 

households which varies by area and household 

size to reflect price differences among areas. See 

also Appendix C and Deductions.

Student. Participant age 18 or older enrolled at 

least half-time in a recognized school, training 

program, or institution of higher education.

Thrifty Food Plan (TFP). Market basket of 

goods based on an economical and nutritious 

diet, adjusted for household size and 

composition. Used to determine maximum 

SNAP benefit amounts.

Total Deduction. Includes child support 

payment, dependent care, earned income, excess 

shelter expense, medical, and standard 

deductions to which SNAP households are

entitled. In some cases the total deduction 

exceeds the amount deducted from gross income 

because net income may not be less than zero. 

See also Deductions. 

Unearned Income. Includes TANF, GA, SSI, 

Social Security, unemployment benefits, 

veterans' benefits, workers' Compensation, other 

government benefits, contributions, deemed 

income, education loans, child support, wage 

supplementation, energy assistance, State 

diversion payments, and other unearned income.

Work Registration. Many nonelderly 

nondisabled SNAP participants are required to 

register for work with their welfare office or 

State unemployment agency and must agree to 

accept any suitable job offered to them. 

Individuals exempt from SNAP work 

registration rules include the following: 

All individuals under age 16 or over age 

60, and some individuals age 16 and 17

Individuals responsible for the care of a 

dependent child under ages 6 or the care of an 

incapacitated person

Individuals who are physically or mentally 

unfit for work

Individuals complying with work 

requirements of other assistance programs

Students enrolled at least half-time in a 

school, training program, or institution of 

higher education

Regular participants in a drug addiction or 

alcohol treatment program 

Individuals working 30 hours a week or 

earning more than an amount equal to 30 

hours times the minimum wage
APPENDIX A

DETAILED TABLES OF SNAP HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICS

Table A-1. Distribution of Participating Households, Individuals, and Benefits by Household Composition, Locality, Countable

Income Source, and SNAP Benefit Amount

Household Characteristic

SNAP Households

Participants in Households

With Household

Characteristic

Monthly SNAP Benefits

Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent Dollars

(000)

Percent

Total ................................................................................................ 12,465 100.0 27,791 100.0 2,772,510 100.0

Household Composition

 Children .......................................................................................... 6,341 50.9 20,890 75.2 2,085,762 75.2

 School Age ................................................................................... 4,776 38.3 16,932 60.9 1,646,423 59.4

 Preschool Age .............................................................................. 3,403 27.3 11,750 42.3 1,202,851 43.4

 No Children .................................................................................... 6,124 49.1 6,901 24.8 686,748 24.8

 Elderly Individuals ......................................................................... 2,312 18.5 2,939 10.6 218,455 7.9

 No Elderly Individuals ................................................................... 10,153 81.5 24,852 89.4 2,554,055 92.1

 Disabled Nonelderly Individualsa .................................................. 2,821 22.6 5,706 20.5 449,212 16.2

 No Disabled Nonelderly Individuals ............................................. 9,644 77.4 22,085 79.5 2,323,298 83.8

 Nonelderly, Nondisabled, Childless Adultsb ................................. 976 7.8 1,499 5.4 186,407 6.7

 No Nonelderly, Nondisabled, Childless Adults ............................. 11,489 92.2 26,292 94.6 2,586,103 93.3

 Noncitizens .................................................................................... 693 5.6 1,822 6.6 178,304 6.4

 No Noncitizens ............................................................................... 11,772 94.4 25,969 93.4 2,594,206 93.6

Locality

 Metropolitan ................................................................................... 9,764 78.3 21,716 78.1 2,200,939 79.4

 Micropolitanc ................................................................................. 1,561 12.5 3,522 12.7 336,635 12.1

 Rural ............................................................................................... 1,098 8.8 2,511 9.0 231,438 8.3

Countable Income Source

 Gross Income ................................................................................. 10,479 84.1 24,217 87.1 2,245,479 81.0

 No Gross Income ........................................................................... 1,986 15.9 3,574 12.9 527,031 19.0

 Net Income ..................................................................................... 8,109 65.1 19,593 70.5 1,591,189 57.4

 No Net Income ............................................................................... 4,137 33.2 7,925 28.5 1,161,093 41.9

 Not Applicabled ............................................................................. 219 1.8 273 1.0 20,228 0.7

 Earned Income ............................................................................... 3,640 29.2 11,100 39.9 960,419 34.6

 No Earned Income ......................................................................... 8,825 70.8 16,691 60.1 1,812,091 65.4

 Unearned Income ........................................................................... 8,171 65.5 17,467 62.8 1,616,921 58.3

 No Unearned Income ..................................................................... 4,294 34.5 10,324 37.2 1,155,589 41.7

 TANF Income ................................................................................ 1,321 10.6 4,106 14.8 425,301 15.3

 No TANF Income .......................................................................... 11,144 89.4 23,685 85.2 2,347,209 84.7

 GA Income ..................................................................................... 639 5.1 988 3.6 110,043 4.0

 No GA Income ............................................................................... 11,826 94.9 26,804 96.4 2,662,467 96.0

 SSI .................................................................................................. 3,278 26.3 5,890 21.2 471,252 17.0

 No SSI ............................................................................................ 9,187 73.7 21,901 78.8 2,301,258 83.0

 Social Security Income .................................................................. 3,064 24.6 4,886 17.6 348,769 12.6

 No Social Security Income ............................................................ 9,401 75.4 22,905 82.4 2,423,741 87.4

Gross Countable Income as a Percentage of Poverty Guideline

 No income ...................................................................................... 1,986 15.9 3,574 12.9 527,031 19.0

 >0-50% ........................................................................................... 3,093 24.8 8,490 30.5 1,089,236 39.3

 51-100 ............................................................................................ 5,741 46.1 11,908 42.8 1,002,517 36.2

 101+ ............................................................................................... 1,646 13.2 3,819 13.7 153,726 5.5

SNAP Benefit

 Minimum Benefit ........................................................................... 836 6.7 978 3.5 8,360 0.3

 Maximum Benefit .......................................................................... 4,146 33.3 7,944 28.6 1,163,876 42.0

a Due to changes in the SNAP QC data, the definition of disabled changed in 2003. Beginning with the 2003 report, we are only able to identify

households that contain a disabled person. In previous reports, we had additional information that helped to identify which household member was

disabled.

b These participants, age 18-49, are subject to work registration and, with some exceptions (for example, those in waiver areas or receiving state

exemptions), must meet work requirements or face time limits on benefit receipt.

c A micropolitan area has at least one urban cluster of between 10,000 and 50,000 people and includes adjacent territory with a high degree of social

and economic integration with the core as measured by commuting ties.

d Net income is not used in the benefit determination of MFIP households or SSI-CAP households in Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, New York,

North Carolina, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Texas, and Virginia.

 Source: Fiscal Year 2008 Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Quality Control sample.

31
Table A-2. Average Gross and Net Countable Income, Total Deduction, Countable Resources, SNAP Benefit, Household Size, and

Certification Period of Participating Households by Household Composition, Locality, Countable Income Source, and SNAP Benefit

Amount

Household Characteristic

Total Households Average Values

Number

(000)

Percent

Gross

Countable

Income

(Dollars)

Net

Countable

Income

(Dollars)a

Total

Deduction

(Dollars)b

Countable

Resources

(Dollars)

SNAP

Benefit

(Dollars)

Household

Size

(Individuals)

Certification

Period

(Months)

Total .............................................. 12,465 100.0 701 335 442 126 222 2.2 12.0

Household Composition

 Children ....................................... 6,341 50.9 839 422 492 108 329 3.3 8.9

 School Age ................................ 4,776 38.3 904 469 504 115 345 3.5 9.0

 Preschool Age ............................ 3,403 27.3 817 401 496 94 353 3.5 8.7

 No Children ................................. 6,124 49.1 557 242 390 144 112 1.1 15.3

 Elderly Individuals ...................... 2,312 18.5 762 375 431 238 94 1.3 19.4

 No Elderly Individuals ................ 10,153 81.5 687 326 445 100 252 2.4 10.4

 Disabled Nonelderly

Individualsc .............................. 2,821 22.6 885 463 444 135 159 2.0 15.0

 No Disabled Nonelderly

Individuals ............................... 9,644 77.4 647 297 442 123 241 2.3 11.2

 Nonelderly, Nondisabled,

Childless Adultsd ..................... 976 7.8 320 139 320 49 191 1.5 8.0

 No Nonelderly, Nondisabled,

Childless Adults ....................... 11,489 92.2 733 352 453 132 225 2.3 12.4

 Noncitizens .................................. 693 5.6 823 375 535 169 257 2.6 13.2

 No Noncitizens ............................ 11,772 94.4 694 333 437 123 220 2.2 12.0

Locality

 Metropolitan ................................ 9,764 78.3 695 320 453 121 225 2.2 12.1

 Micropolitan ................................ 1,561 12.5 720 375 419 143 216 2.3 11.3

 Rural ............................................ 1,098 8.8 732 412 381 151 211 2.3 12.1

Countable Income Source

 Gross Income ............................... 10,479 84.1 834 399 476 143 214 2.3 12.8

 No Gross Income ......................... 1,986 15.9 0 0 267 37 265 1.8 8.3

 Net Income .................................. 8,109 65.1 956 506 450 158 196 2.4 12.6

 No Net Income ............................ 4,137 33.2 206 0 429 60 281 1.9 9.9

 Not Applicablee ........................... 219 1.8 590 – 70 186 92 1.2 32.7

 Earned Income ............................. 3,640 29.2 1,109 541 603 153 264 3.0 8.8

 No Earned Income ....................... 8,825 70.8 532 248 375 114 205 1.9 13.4

 Unearned Income ......................... 8,171 65.5 779 383 435 144 198 2.1 14.0

 No Unearned Income ................... 4,294 34.5 552 246 455 92 269 2.4 8.4

 TANF Income .............................. 1,321 10.6 747 371 409 53 322 3.1 10.1

 No TANF Income ........................ 11,144 89.4 695 331 446 134 211 2.1 12.3

 GA Income .................................. 639 5.1 523 213 392 76 172 1.5 12.8

 No GA Income ............................ 11,826 94.9 710 342 445 128 225 2.3 12.0

 SSI ............................................... 3,278 26.3 807 414 421 130 144 1.8 18.5

 No SSI ......................................... 9,187 73.7 663 308 449 124 250 2.4 9.7

 Social Security Income ................ 3,064 24.6 863 451 439 227 114 1.6 16.6

 No Social Security Income .......... 9,401 75.4 648 298 443 93 258 2.4 10.6

SNAP Benefit

 Minimum Benefit ........................ 836 6.7 1,023 758 265 257 10 1.2 16.6

 Maximum Benefit ........................ 4,146 33.3 207 0 429 60 281 1.9 9.9

a Because net income is not used in their benefit determination, 28,146 MFIP households and 190,841 SSI-CAP households in Kentucky, Louisiana,

Mississippi, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Texas, and Virginia are excluded from this column. Thus, the average values are based on

fewer households than the number shown in the Total Households column.

b Because deductions are not used in their benefit determination, 190,841 SSI-CAP households in Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, New York, North

Carolina, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Texas, and Virginia are excluded from this column. Thus, the average values are based on fewer households than the

number shown in the Total Households column.

c Due to changes in the SNAP QC data, the definition of disabled changed in 2003. Beginning with the 2003 report, we are only able to identify households

that contain a disabled person. In previous reports, we had additional information that helped to identify which household member was disabled.

d These participants, age 18-49, are subject to work registration and, with some exceptions (for example, those in waiver areas or receiving state exemptions),

must meet work requirements or face time limits on benefit receipt.

e Net income is not used in the benefit determination of MFIP households or SSI-CAP households in Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, New York, North

Carolina, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Texas, and Virginia.

– Not Applicable.

 Source: Fiscal Year 2008 Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Quality Control sample.

32
Table A-3. Distribution of Participating Households With Children, Elderly Individuals, and Disabled Nonelderly Individuals by

Amount of Gross and Net Countable Income, Countable Resources, and Gross and Net Countable Income as a Percentage of

Poverty Guideline

Household Characteristic

Total Households Households With:

Number

(000)

Percent

Children Elderly Individuals Disabled Nonelderly

Individualsa

Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent

Total ................................... 12,465 100.0 6,341 100.0 2,312 100.0 2,821 100.0

Gross Countable Income

 $0 ...................................... 1,986 15.9 784 12.4 63 2.7 0 0.0

 1-199 ................................. 604 4.8 327 5.2 22 1.0 7 0.2

 200-399 ............................. 1,057 8.5 665 10.5 61 2.6 13 0.4

 400-599 ............................. 1,173 9.4 728 11.5 182 7.9 173 6.1

 600-799 ............................. 3,383 27.1 835 13.2 1,240 53.6 1,466 52.0

 800-999 ............................. 1,353 10.9 668 10.5 376 16.3 439 15.5

 1,000+ ............................... 2,908 23.3 2,332 36.8 368 15.9 724 25.7

Net Countable Income

 $0 ...................................... 4,137 33.2 1,926 30.4 340 14.7 298 10.6

 1-199 ................................. 1,897 15.2 911 14.4 354 15.3 488 17.3

 200-399 ............................. 1,975 15.8 833 13.1 522 22.6 670 23.7

 400-599 ............................. 1,697 13.6 749 11.8 495 21.4 575 20.4

 600-799 ............................. 980 7.9 586 9.2 237 10.2 293 10.4

 800-999 ............................. 634 5.1 476 7.5 118 5.1 180 6.4

 1,000+ ............................... 926 7.4 832 13.1 77 3.3 294 10.4

 Not Applicableb ................ 219 1.8 28 0.4 168 7.3 23 0.8

Countable Resources

 $0 ...................................... 9,044 72.6 4,599 72.5 1,406 60.8 1,980 70.2

 1-500 ................................. 2,429 19.5 1,304 20.6 543 23.5 591 20.9

 501-1,000 .......................... 538 4.3 244 3.9 185 8.0 139 4.9

 1,001-1,500 ....................... 245 2.0 111 1.7 90 3.9 62 2.2

 1,501-1,750 ....................... 71 0.6 33 0.5 21 0.9 16 0.6

 1,751-2,000 ....................... 56 0.5 27 0.4 21 0.9 11 0.4

 2,001-3,000 ....................... 60 0.5 12 0.2 37 1.6 18 0.6

 3,001+ ............................... 22 0.2 10 0.2 8 0.3 4 0.2

Gross Countable Income

as a Percentage of Poverty

Guideline

 No Gross Income .............. 1,986 15.9 784 12.4 63 2.7 0 0.0

 >0-25% ............................. 1,206 9.7 822 13.0 35 1.5 17 0.6

 26-50 ................................. 1,886 15.1 1,466 23.1 108 4.7 278 9.8

 51-75 ................................. 2,564 20.6 1,369 21.6 504 21.8 970 34.4

 76-100 ............................... 3,177 25.5 1,055 16.6 1,182 51.1 1,116 39.6

 101-125 ............................. 1,229 9.9 666 10.5 293 12.7 323 11.4

 126-130 ............................. 131 1.1 72 1.1 25 1.1 39 1.4

 131-150 ............................. 167 1.3 62 1.0 64 2.8 48 1.7

 151+ .................................. 119 1.0 45 0.7 39 1.7 29 1.0

Net Countable Income as

a Percentage of Poverty

Guideline

 No Net Income .................. 4,137 33.2 1,926 30.4 340 14.7 298 10.6

 >0-25% ............................. 2,806 22.5 1,677 26.5 428 18.5 687 24.3

 26-50 ................................. 2,640 21.2 1,359 21.4 622 26.9 890 31.6

 51-75 ................................. 1,834 14.7 909 14.3 524 22.7 623 22.1

 76-100 ............................... 704 5.7 400 6.3 191 8.2 255 9.0

 101-125 ............................. 85 0.7 29 0.5 27 1.2 33 1.2

 126-130 ............................. 10 0.1 4 0.1 1 0.1 4 0.1

 131-150 ............................. 17 0.1 5 0.1 8 0.3 4 0.1

 151+ .................................. 13 0.1 5 0.1 2 0.1 5 0.2

 Not Applicableb ................ 219 1.8 28 0.4 168 7.3 23 0.8

a Due to changes in the SNAP QC data, the definition of disabled changed in 2003. Beginning with the 2003 report, we are only able to identify

households that contain a disabled person. In previous reports, we had additional information that helped to identify which household member was

disabled.

b Net income is not used in the benefit determination of MFIP households or SSI-CAP households in Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, New York,

North Carolina, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Texas, and Virginia.

 Source: Fiscal Year 2008 Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Quality Control sample.

33
Table A-4. Distribution of Participating Households by Household Size and Amount of Countable Gross and Net Income, Resources, and

Gross and Net Income as a Percentage of Poverty Guideline

Household

Characteristic

Total Households Household Size

Number

(000)

Percent

1 2 3 4 5 6+

Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent

Total ............................ 12,465 100.0 5,671 100.0 2,465 100.0 1,942 100.0 1,264 100.0 684 100.0 440 100.0

Gross Countable

Income

 $0 ............................... 1,986 15.9 1,179 20.8 358 14.5 242 12.5 125 9.9 55 8.0 28 6.4

 1-199 .......................... 604 4.8 301 5.3 136 5.5 91 4.7 44 3.5 25 3.7 7 1.6

 200-399 ...................... 1,057 8.5 457 8.1 266 10.8 182 9.4 94 7.4 42 6.1 16 3.7

 400-599 ...................... 1,173 9.4 462 8.1 327 13.2 209 10.7 108 8.5 46 6.7 22 4.9

 600-799 ...................... 3,383 27.1 2,431 42.9 410 16.6 287 14.8 152 12.0 69 10.1 33 7.5

 800-999 ...................... 1,353 10.9 535 9.4 353 14.3 225 11.6 120 9.5 85 12.5 35 7.9

 1,000+ ........................ 2,908 23.3 306 5.4 614 24.9 705 36.3 622 49.2 362 53.0 299 68.0

Net Countable Income

 $0 ............................... 4,137 33.2 2,225 39.2 845 34.3 564 29.0 290 23.0 148 21.6 66 15.0

 1-199 .......................... 1,897 15.2 962 17.0 404 16.4 282 14.5 150 11.9 66 9.7 33 7.6

 200-399 ...................... 1,975 15.8 1,065 18.8 357 14.5 287 14.8 153 12.1 77 11.2 37 8.3

 400-599 ...................... 1,697 13.6 838 14.8 332 13.5 245 12.6 153 12.1 85 12.5 45 10.2

 600-799 ...................... 980 7.9 292 5.1 240 9.7 206 10.6 134 10.6 65 9.6 43 9.8

 800-999 ...................... 634 5.1 69 1.2 155 6.3 180 9.2 130 10.2 57 8.3 44 9.9

 1,000+ ........................ 926 7.4 27 0.5 121 4.9 172 8.9 251 19.8 184 26.9 171 38.9

 Not Applicablea ......... 219 1.8 193 3.4 11 0.5 7 0.4 4 0.3 2 0.3 1 0.3

Countable Resources

 $0 ............................... 9,044 72.6 4,220 74.4 1,779 72.2 1,398 72.0 877 69.4 476 69.7 293 66.6

 1-500 .......................... 2,429 19.5 983 17.3 493 20.0 405 20.9 289 22.8 154 22.5 105 24.0

 501-1,000 ................... 538 4.3 249 4.4 104 4.2 78 4.0 55 4.3 31 4.6 22 4.9

 1,001-1,500 ................ 245 2.0 108 1.9 50 2.0 35 1.8 25 2.0 14 2.0 12 2.7

 1,501-1,750 ................ 71 0.6 32 0.6 16 0.6 12 0.6 7 0.5 3 0.4 2 0.5

 1,751-2,000 ................ 56 0.5 27 0.5 9 0.4 8 0.4 6 0.5 3 0.4 2 0.6

 2,001-3,000 ................ 60 0.5 39 0.7 14 0.6 2 0.1 2 0.2 2 0.2 2 0.5

 3,001 + ....................... 22 0.2 12 0.2 1 0.0 4 0.2 3 0.2 1 0.2 1 0.3

Gross Countable

Income as a

Percentage of Poverty

Guideline

 No Gross Income ....... 1,986 15.9 1,179 20.8 358 14.5 242 12.5 125 9.9 55 8.0 28 6.4

 >0-25% ...................... 1,206 9.7 402 7.1 253 10.3 246 12.7 161 12.8 95 13.9 49 11.1

 26-50 .......................... 1,886 15.1 460 8.1 415 16.8 425 21.9 288 22.8 181 26.5 117 26.5

 51-75 .......................... 2,564 20.6 1,073 18.9 563 22.8 407 21.0 265 21.0 147 21.4 109 24.8

 76-100 ........................ 3,177 25.5 1,908 33.6 478 19.4 364 18.8 233 18.4 116 17.0 77 17.5

 101-125 ...................... 1,229 9.9 453 8.0 279 11.3 211 10.9 161 12.7 76 11.1 49 11.1

 126-130 ...................... 131 1.1 50 0.9 27 1.1 24 1.2 16 1.3 8 1.2 6 1.5

 131-150 ...................... 167 1.3 90 1.6 42 1.7 16 0.8 9 0.7 5 0.8 4 0.9

 151+ ........................... 119 1.0 57 1.0 50 2.0 5 0.3 6 0.4 0 0.0 1 0.3

Net Countable Income

as a Percentage of

Poverty Guideline

 No Net Income .......... 4,137 33.2 2,225 39.2 845 34.3 564 29.0 290 23.0 148 21.6 66 15.0

 >0-25% ...................... 2,806 22.5 1,061 18.7 566 23.0 525 27.1 340 26.9 193 28.2 122 27.7

 26-50 .......................... 2,640 21.2 1,135 20.0 501 20.3 420 21.6 299 23.7 163 23.9 121 27.5

 51-75 .......................... 1,834 14.7 766 13.5 341 13.8 306 15.8 221 17.5 116 17.0 83 18.8

 76-100 ........................ 704 5.7 231 4.1 143 5.8 119 6.1 106 8.4 60 8.8 45 10.2

 101-125 ...................... 85 0.7 40 0.7 38 1.5 – – 3 0.3 1 0.2 2 0.5

 126-130 ...................... 10 0.1 5 0.1 5 0.2 – – – – – – – –

 131-150 ...................... 17 0.1 8 0.1 9 0.4 – – – – – – – –

 151+ ........................... 13 0.1 7 0.1 7 0.3 – – – – – – – –

 Not Applicablea ......... 219 1.8 193 3.4 11 0.5 7 0.4 4 0.3 2 0.3 1 0.3

a Net income is not used in the benefit determination of MFIP households or SSI-CAP households in Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, New York, North Carolina,

Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Texas, and Virginia.

– No sample households in this category.

 Source: Fiscal Year 2008 Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Quality Control sample.

34
Table A-5. Average Gross and Net Countable Income, Average Gross and Net Countable Income as a Percentage of Poverty Guideline,

Average Countable Resources, and Average Benefit of Participating Households by Household Composition and Size

Household Characteristic

Total Households Average Values

Number

(000)

Percent

Gross

Countable

Income

(Dollars)

Net

Countable

Income

(Dollars)a

Gross

Countable

Income as a

Percentage of

Poverty

Guideline

(Percent)

Net

Countable

Income as a

Percentage of

Poverty

Guideline

(Percent)a

Countable Resources

(Dollars)

SNAP

Benefit

(Dollars)

Over All

Households

Over

Households

With

Countable

Resources

Total .............................................. 12,465 100.0 701 335 58.3 26.6 126 458 222

Household Composition

 Children ....................................... 6,341 50.9 839 422 54.6 26.5 108 395 329

 School Age ................................ 4,776 38.3 904 469 56.6 28.5 115 401 345

 Preschool Age ............................ 3,403 27.3 817 401 51.3 24.1 94 362 353

 No Children ................................. 6,124 49.1 557 242 62.1 26.7 144 524 112

 Elderly Individuals ...................... 2,312 18.5 762 375 82.0 39.3 238 607 94

 No Elderly Individuals ................ 10,153 81.5 687 326 52.9 23.9 100 404 252

 Disabled Nonelderly

Individualsb ............................. 2,821 22.6 885 463 79.6 39.3 135 452 159

 No Disabled Nonelderly

Individuals ............................... 9,644 77.4 647 297 52.1 22.8 123 460 241

Household Size

 1 ................................................... 5,671 45.5 507 205 59.5 24.1 135 528 105

 2 ................................................... 2,465 19.8 671 310 58.8 27.1 112 401 210

 3 ................................................... 1,942 15.6 793 381 55.4 26.6 107 383 313

 4 ................................................... 1,264 10.1 993 532 57.6 30.9 144 472 384

 5 ................................................... 684 5.5 1,128 626 56.1 31.1 110 364 457

 6 ................................................... 284 2.3 1,375 801 59.7 34.7 121 376 537

 7 ................................................... 95 0.8 1,535 953 59.1 36.7 196 542 575

 8+ ................................................. 61 0.5 1,666 1065 54.5 34.8 114 334 731

a Because net income is not used in their benefit determination, 28,146 MFIP households and 190,841 SSI-CAP households in Kentucky, Louisiana,

Mississippi, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Texas, and Virginia are excluded from this column. Thus, the average values are based on

fewer households than the number shown in the Total Households column.

b Due to changes in the SNAP QC data, the definition of disabled changed in 2003. Beginning with the 2003 report, we are only able to identify households

that contain a disabled person. In previous reports, we had additional information that helped to identify which household member was disabled.

 Source: Fiscal Year 2008 Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Quality Control sample.

35
Table A-6. Distribution of Participating Households With Children, Elderly Individuals, and Disabled Nonelderly Individuals by Type of

Countable Income

Type of Income

Total Households Households With:

Totala Percent

Children Elderly Individuals Disabled Nonelderly

Individualsb

Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent

Total .................................................................... 12,465 100.0 6,341 100.0 2,312 100.0 2,821 100.0

Countable Earned Income ................................ 3,640 29.2 2,975 46.9 102 4.4 277 9.8

 Wages and Salaries ........................................... 3,222 25.9 2,675 42.2 81 3.5 245 8.7

 Self-Employment .............................................. 418 3.4 307 4.8 21 0.9 30 1.1

 Other Earned Income ........................................ 67 0.5 51 0.8 2 0.1 3 0.1

Countable Unearned Income ........................... 8,171 65.5 3,711 58.5 2,215 95.8 2,820 100.0

 TANF ................................................................ 1,321 10.6 1,295 20.4 39 1.7 275 9.7

 General Assistance ............................................ 639 5.1 130 2.1 121 5.2 144 5.1

 Supplemental Security Income ......................... 3,278 26.3 868 13.7 1,226 53.0 2,105 74.6

 Social Security .................................................. 3,064 24.6 602 9.5 1,574 68.1 1,333 47.3

 Unemployment Income ..................................... 258 2.1 186 2.9 8 0.4 11 0.4

 Veterans’ Benefits ............................................. 125 1.0 26 0.4 65 2.8 33 1.2

 Workers’ Compensation ................................... 32 0.3 20 0.3 5 0.2 14 0.5

 Other Government Benefitsc ............................. 174 1.4 60 0.9 61 2.6 85 3.0

 Household Contributions .................................. 455 3.7 315 5.0 41 1.8 35 1.3

 Household Deemed Income .............................. 8 0.1 8 0.1 0 0.0 1 0.0

 Educational Loans ............................................. 2 0.0 2 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

 Child Support Enforcement Payments .............. 1,227 9.8 1,194 18.8 14 0.6 209 7.4

 State Diversion Payments ................................. 12 0.1 3 0.0 0 0.0 1 0.0

 Energy Assistance Income ................................ 2 0.0 1 0.0 1 0.0 0 0.0

 Wage Supplementation ..................................... 2 0.0 1 0.0 0 0.0 1 0.0

 Other Unearned Incomed .................................. 414 3.3 196 3.1 163 7.1 49 1.7

 TANF or GA Income ........................................ 1,947 15.6 1,412 22.3 159 6.9 410 14.5

 TANF and Earnings .......................................... 288 2.3 286 4.5 5 0.2 16 0.6

 TANF and SSI ................................................... 268 2.1 259 4.1 18 0.8 253 9.0

 TANF or SSI or GA .......................................... 4,768 38.3 1,977 31.2 1,298 56.1 2,138 75.8

 (TANF or SSI or GA) and Earnings ................. 550 4.4 457 7.2 28 1.2 226 8.0

 TANF and Child Support .................................. 94 0.8 94 1.5 4 0.2 27 1.0

 SSI and Social Security ..................................... 1,286 10.3 217 3.4 678 29.3 643 22.8

 SSI or Social Security ....................................... 5,057 40.6 1,253 19.8 2,122 91.8 2,795 99.1

 SSI and Earnings ............................................... 239 1.9 159 2.5 21 0.9 223 7.9

 GA and Earnings ............................................... 47 0.4 32 0.5 4 0.2 10 0.4

 Earnings and Child Support .............................. 515 4.1 508 8.0 1 0.1 32 1.1

No Countable Income ....................................... 1,986 15.9 784 12.4 63 2.7 0 0.0

a The sum of individual income sources does not add to the total because households can receive income from more than one source.

b Due to changes in the SNAP QC data, the definition of disabled changed in 2003. Beginning with the 2003 report, we are only able to identify households that

contain a disabled person. In previous reports, we had additional information that helped to identify which household member was disabled.

c Examples of other government benefits include Black Lung Benefits, Railroad Retirement payments, and USDA payments to farmers.

d Examples of other unearned income include alimony, foster care payments, and dividends and interest payments.

 Source: Fiscal Year 2008 Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Quality Control sample.

36
Table A-7. Average Income, Total Deduction, SNAP Benefit, and Household Size of Participating Households by Type of Countable

Income

Type of Income

Total Households Average Values

Totala Percent

Gross

Countable

Income

(Dollars)

Net

Countable

Income

(Dollars)b

Income

Source

(Dollars)c

Total

Deduction

(Dollars)d

SNAP

Benefit

(Dollars)

Household

Size

(Individuals)

Total .................................................................... 12,465 100.0 701 335 - 442 222 2.2

Countable Earned Income ................................ 3,640 29.2 1,109 541 950 603 264 3.0

 Wages and Salaries ........................................... 3,222 25.9 1,169 581 1005 615 257 3.1

 Self-Employment .............................................. 418 3.4 760 304 468 542 313 2.9

 Other Earned Income ........................................ 67 0.5 587 212 331 437 282 2.4

Countable Unearned Income ........................... 8,171 65.5 779 383 646 435 198 2.1

 TANF ................................................................ 1,321 10.6 747 371 391 409 322 3.1

 General Assistance ............................................ 639 5.1 523 213 216 392 172 1.5

 Supplemental Security Income ......................... 3,278 26.3 807 414 497 421 144 1.8

 Social Security .................................................. 3,064 24.6 863 451 672 439 114 1.6

 Unemployment Income ..................................... 258 2.1 1,030 591 799 460 246 3.0

 Veterans’ Benefits ............................................. 125 1.0 842 447 400 437 121 1.6

 Workers’ Compensation ................................... 32 0.3 992 546 710 478 213 2.6

 Other Government Benefitse ............................. 174 1.4 877 427 210 501 171 2.0

 Household Contributions .................................. 455 3.7 544 210 238 418 293 2.5

 Household Deemed Income .............................. 8 0.1 882 545 739 384 210 2.6

 Educational Loans ............................................. 2 0.0 872 581 206 362 308 3.4

 Child Support Enforcement Payments .............. 1,227 9.8 943 510 309 477 324 3.5

 State Diversion Payments ................................. 12 0.1 645 303 306 406 141 1.4

 Energy Assistance Income ................................ 2 0.0 596 176 265 510 204 1.7

 Wage Supplementation ..................................... 2 0.0 1,195 962 560 233 91 2.6

 Other Unearned Incomef................................... 414 3.3 861 429 297 471 193 2.2

 TANF or GA Income ........................................ 1,947 15.6 672 317 336 403 273 2.6

 TANF and Earnings .......................................... 288 2.3 1,088 584 1028 514 281 3.3

 TANF and SSI ................................................... 268 2.1 1,105 709 931 402 267 3.5

 TANF or SSI or GA .......................................... 4,768 38.3 734 355 479 414 190 2.0

 (TANF or SSI or GA) and Earnings ................. 550 4.4 1,218 688 1128 546 242 3.2

 TANF and Child Support .................................. 94 0.8 918 517 482 421 339 3.6

 SSI and Social Security ..................................... 1,286 10.3 796 422 738 403 110 1.5

 SSI or Social Security ....................................... 5,057 40.6 844 435 729 436 134 1.7

 SSI and Earnings ............................................... 239 1.9 1,434 876 1242 576 194 3.2

 GA and Earnings ............................................... 47 0.4 1,073 532 905 587 232 2.7

 Earnings and Child Support .............................. 515 4.1 1,372 770 1300 613 274 3.7

No Countable Income ....................................... 1,986 15.9 0 0 0 267 265 1.8

a The sum of individual income sources does not add to the total because households can receive income from more than one source.

b Because net income is not used in their benefit determination, 28,146 MFIP households and 190,841 SSI-CAP households in Kentucky, Louisiana,

Mississippi, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Texas, and Virginia are excluded from this column. Thus, the average values are based on

fewer households than the number shown in the Total Households column.

c Average value of specified source over households with income from source.

d Because deductions are not used in their benefit determination, 190,841 SSI-CAP households in Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, New York, North Carolina,

Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Texas, and Virginia are excluded from this column. Thus, the average values are based on fewer households than the number shown

in the Total Households column.

e Examples of other government benefits include Black Lung Benefits, Railroad Retirement payments, and USDA payments to farmers.

f Examples of other unearned income include alimony, foster care payments, and dividends and interest payments.

 Source: Fiscal Year 2008 Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Quality Control sample.

37
Table A-8. Distribution of Participating Households With Children, Elderly Individuals, and Disabled Nonelderly Individuals by

Countable Earned and Unearned Income Amounts

Household Characteristic

Total Households Households With:

Number

(000)

Percent

Children Elderly Individuals Disabled Nonelderly

Individualsa

Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent

Total ................................... 12,465 100.0 6,341 100.0 2,312 100.0 2,821 100.0

Countable Earned Income

 $0 ...................................... 8,825 70.8 3,365 53.1 2,210 95.6 2,544 90.2

 1-199 ................................. 352 2.8 188 3.0 23 1.0 59 2.1

 200-399 ............................. 377 3.0 258 4.1 19 0.8 42 1.5

 400-599 ............................. 407 3.3 307 4.8 13 0.6 38 1.4

 600-799 ............................. 494 4.0 383 6.0 15 0.6 38 1.3

 800-999 ............................. 444 3.6 365 5.8 10 0.4 29 1.0

 1,000+ ............................... 1,565 12.6 1,474 23.2 23 1.0 71 2.5

Countable Unearned

Income

 $0 ...................................... 4,294 34.5 2,629 41.5 97 4.2 1 0.0

 1-199 ................................. 761 6.1 544 8.6 22 0.9 11 0.4

 200-399 ............................. 1,188 9.5 852 13.4 66 2.9 20 0.7

 400-599 ............................. 1,075 8.6 688 10.8 186 8.0 213 7.6

 600-799 ............................. 3,167 25.4 671 10.6 1,245 53.9 1,586 56.2

 800-999 ............................. 934 7.5 352 5.5 368 15.9 423 15.0

 1,000+ ............................... 1,045 8.4 605 9.5 328 14.2 566 20.1

Countable TANF Income

 $0 ...................................... 11,144 89.4 5,046 79.6 2,273 98.3 2,546 90.3

 1-199 ................................. 252 2.0 244 3.8 14 0.6 91 3.2

 200-399 ............................. 496 4.0 481 7.6 18 0.8 116 4.1

 400-599 ............................. 388 3.1 385 6.1 5 0.2 55 1.9

 600-799 ............................. 136 1.1 136 2.1 2 0.1 11 0.4

 800-999 ............................. 41 0.3 41 0.6 0 0.0 1 0.0

 1,000+ ............................... 8 0.1 8 0.1 0 0.0 1 0.0

Countable GA Income

 $0 ...................................... 11,826 94.9 6,210 97.9 2,191 94.8 2,677 94.9

 1-199 ................................. 298 2.4 48 0.8 78 3.4 105 3.7

 200-399 ............................. 267 2.1 36 0.6 37 1.6 21 0.7

 400-599 ............................. 51 0.4 29 0.5 3 0.1 12 0.4

 600-799 ............................. 16 0.1 14 0.2 2 0.1 4 0.2

 800-999 ............................. 5 0.0 4 0.1 1 0.1 1 0.0

 1,000+ ............................... 3 0.0 1 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

Countable TANF or GA

Income

 $0 ...................................... 10,518 84.4 4,928 77.7 2,153 93.1 2,411 85.5

 1-199 ................................. 539 4.3 280 4.4 91 3.9 189 6.7

 200-399 ............................. 760 6.1 514 8.1 55 2.4 135 4.8

 400-599 ............................. 438 3.5 413 6.5 8 0.4 66 2.3

 600-799 ............................. 153 1.2 151 2.4 4 0.2 16 0.6

 800-999 ............................. 46 0.4 44 0.7 1 0.1 2 0.1

 1,000+ ............................... 11 0.1 9 0.1 0 0.0 2 0.1

See footnotes at end of table.

38
Table A-8. Distribution of Participating Households With Children, Elderly Individuals, and Disabled Nonelderly Individuals by

Countable Earned and Unearned Income Amounts — Continued

Household Characteristic

Total Households Households With:

Number

(000)

Percent

Children Elderly Individuals Disabled Nonelderly

Individualsa

Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent

Countable SSI

 $0 ...................................... 9,187 73.7 5,473 86.3 1,086 47.0 716 25.4

 1-199 ................................. 703 5.6 83 1.3 388 16.8 323 11.5

 200-399 ............................. 405 3.3 58 0.9 211 9.1 204 7.2

 400-599 ............................. 456 3.7 163 2.6 150 6.5 312 11.1

 600-799 ............................. 1,498 12.0 451 7.1 406 17.5 1,105 39.2

 800-999 ............................. 68 0.5 15 0.2 40 1.7 34 1.2

 1,000+ ............................... 147 1.2 97 1.5 31 1.4 128 4.5

 Maximum for 1 Personb ... 729 5.8 221 3.5 178 7.7 555 19.7

 Maximum for 2 Personsc .. 28 0.2 2 0.0 21 0.9 10 0.4

Countable Social Security

 $0 ...................................... 9,401 75.4 5,739 90.5 738 31.9 1,488 52.7

 1-199 ................................. 127 1.0 62 1.0 46 2.0 46 1.6

 200-399 ............................. 386 3.1 98 1.5 192 8.3 155 5.5

 400-599 ............................. 751 6.0 126 2.0 411 17.8 303 10.8

 600-799 ............................. 916 7.4 114 1.8 466 20.2 420 14.9

 800-999 ............................. 511 4.1 75 1.2 276 12.0 227 8.0

 1,000+ ............................... 373 3.0 126 2.0 183 7.9 182 6.4

Other Countable

Unearned Income

 $0 ...................................... 9,878 79.2 4,457 70.3 1,952 84.4 2,405 85.2

 1-199 ................................. 982 7.9 622 9.8 202 8.7 205 7.3

 200-399 ............................. 727 5.8 573 9.0 80 3.5 100 3.6

 400-599 ............................. 381 3.1 298 4.7 33 1.4 54 1.9

 600-799 ............................. 198 1.6 152 2.4 18 0.8 27 1.0

 800-999 ............................. 126 1.0 92 1.5 15 0.6 16 0.6

 1,000+ ............................... 166 1.3 141 2.2 12 0.5 13 0.5

a Due to changes in the SNAP QC data, the definition of disabled changed in 2003. Beginning with the 2003 report, we are only able to identify

households that contain a disabled person. In previous reports, we had additional information that helped to identify which household member was

disabled.

b The fiscal year 2008 maximum monthly SSI benefit for one person is $637. The number shown is the number of households where one person

receives an SSI benefit of this amount. (The household may contain more than one person.)

c The fiscal year 2008 maximum monthly SSI benefit for two persons is $956. The number shown is the number of households where two persons

receive an SSI benefit of this amount. (The household may contain more than two persons.)

 Source: Fiscal Year 2008 Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Quality Control sample.

39
Table A-9. Distribution of Participating Households by Type of Deduction and Household Composition, Countable Income Source, and

SNAP Benefit Amount

Household Characteristic

Total Households Type of Deduction

Number

(000)

Percent

Earned Income Dependent Care Excess Shelter Medical Child Support

Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent

Percent

With

Maximuma

Number

(000)

Percent

Percent

With

Maximuma

Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent

Total ....................................... 12,465 100.0 3,631 29.1 523 4.2 14.7 8,857 71.1 22.1 519 4.2 215 1.7

Household Composition

 Children ................................ 6,341 100.0 2,973 46.9 522 8.2 14.7 4,714 74.3 32.3 69 1.1 125 2.0

 School Age ......................... 4,776 100.0 2,256 47.2 360 7.5 9.9 3,599 75.4 32.0 61 1.3 98 2.1

 Preschool Age .................... 3,403 100.0 1,671 49.1 388 11.4 13.7 2,466 72.5 33.0 25 0.7 73 2.1

 No Children .......................... 6,124 100.0 658 10.7 0 0.0 – 4,143 67.7 10.6 449 7.3 90 1.5

 Elderly Individuals ............... 2,312 100.0 99 4.3 1 0.1 27.1 1,721 74.4 0.0 314 13.6 11 0.5

 No Elderly Individuals ......... 10,153 100.0 3,532 34.8 522 5.1 14.6 7,136 70.3 27.4 204 2.0 204 2.0

 Disabled Nonelderly

Individualsb ...................... 2,821 100.0 274 9.7 32 1.1 18.7 2,261 80.2 0.1 216 7.7 74 2.6

 No Disabled Nonelderly

Individuals ........................ 9,644 100.0 3,357 34.8 491 5.1 14.4 6,595 68.4 29.6 303 3.1 141 1.5

Countable Income Source

 Gross Income ........................ 10,479 100.0 3,631 34.7 514 4.9 14.7 8,127 77.6 19.3 518 4.9 210 2.0

 No Gross Income .................. 1,986 100.0 – – 9 0.5 13.5 730 36.8 53.7 1 0.0 5 0.3

 Net Income ........................... 8,109 100.0 2,970 36.6 449 5.5 14.3 6,177 76.2 14.5 458 5.6 161 2.0

 No Net Income ..................... 4,137 100.0 654 15.8 74 1.8 16.7 2,680 64.8 39.8 61 1.5 54 1.3

 Not Applicablec .................... 219 100.0 7 3.4 – – – – – – – – – –

 Earned Income ...................... 3,640 100.0 3,631 99.8 478 13.1 14.7 2,837 77.9 33.6 37 1.0 126 3.5

 No Earned Income ................ 8,825 100.0 – – 45 0.5 14.2 6,020 68.2 16.7 481 5.5 89 1.0

 Unearned Income ................. 8,171 100.0 1,323 16.2 222 2.7 12.0 6,288 77.0 14.1 515 6.3 133 1.6

 No Unearned Income ........... 4,294 100.0 2,308 53.7 301 7.0 16.6 2,569 59.8 41.7 4 0.1 83 1.9

 TANF Income ...................... 1,321 100.0 287 21.7 29 2.2 7.9 1,012 76.6 27.0 15 1.2 8 0.6

 No TANF Income ................. 11,144 100.0 3,344 30.0 494 4.4 15.1 7,845 70.4 21.5 503 4.5 207 1.9

 GA Income ........................... 639 100.0 47 7.3 1 0.1 8.1 488 76.4 21.3 8 1.3 5 0.8

 No GA Income ..................... 11,826 100.0 3,584 30.3 522 4.4 14.7 8,369 70.8 22.2 510 4.3 210 1.8

 SSI ........................................ 3,278 100.0 234 7.1 31 0.9 18.7 2,525 77.0 0.1 102 3.1 44 1.3

 No SSI .................................. 9,187 100.0 3,397 37.0 492 5.4 14.4 6,332 68.9 30.9 416 4.5 171 1.9

 Social Security Income ......... 3,064 100.0 212 6.9 12 0.4 7.7 2,387 77.9 2.4 461 15.0 70 2.3

 No Social Security Income ... 9,401 100.0 3,419 36.4 511 5.4 14.8 6,470 68.8 29.4 58 0.6 145 1.5

SNAP Benefit

 Minimum Benefit ................. 836 100.0 150 17.9 7 0.8 59.4 379 45.3 2.2 123 14.7 10 1.2

 Maximum Benefit ................ 4,146 100.0 656 15.8 76 1.8 16.4 2,690 64.9 39.7 61 1.5 54 1.3

a Percent of households with deduction that receive the maximum.

b Due to changes in the SNAP QC data, the definition of disabled changed in 2003. Beginning with the 2003 report, we are only able to identify households that

contain a disabled person. In previous reports, we had additional information that helped to identify which household member was disabled.

c Net income is not used in the benefit determination of MFIP households or SSI-CAP households in Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, New York, North Carolina,

Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Texas, and Virginia.

– No sample households in this category.

 Source: Fiscal Year 2008 Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Quality Control sample.

40
Table A-10. Average Values of Deductions of Participating Households by Household Composition, Countable Income Source, and SNAP

Benefit Amount

Household Characteristic

Total

Households

(000)

Average Amount of Deduction

(Dollars)

Earned Incomea Dependent Careb Excess Shelterc Medicalb Child Supportc

All

Households

With

Deduction

All

Households

With

Deduction

All

Households

With

Deduction

All

Households

With

Deduction

All

Households

With

Deduction

Total ................................ 12,465 57 190 7 157 231 319 6 131 4 215

Household Composition

 Children ......................... 6,341 97 208 13 157 233 312 1 117 5 243

 School Age .................. 4,776 102 215 13 165 238 315 1 116 5 245

 Preschool Age ............. 3,403 105 214 18 160 221 304 1 107 6 264

 No Children ................... 6,124 13 111 0 271 229 328 10 133 3 177

 Elderly Individuals ........ 2,312 6 136 0 224 270 336 19 129 1 166

 No Elderly Individuals .. 10,153 67 192 8 157 223 315 3 133 4 218

 Disabled Nonelderly

Individualsd ............... 2,821 14 141 2 173 274 339 10 132 5 178

 No Disabled Nonelderly

Individuals ................. 9,644 69 194 8 156 218 313 4 130 4 235

Countable Income

Source

 Gross Income ................ 10,479 68 190 8 158 250 316 7 130 4 217

 No Gross Income .......... 1,986 0 0 1 114 131 353 0 305 0 166

 Net Income .................... 8,109 80 217 9 159 211 277 7 116 4 201

 No Net Income .............. 4,137 11 69 3 146 270 417 4 239 3 259

 Not Applicablee ............. 219 70 268 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

 Earned Income .............. 3,640 190 190 21 161 238 305 2 200 8 244

 No Earned Income ........ 8,825 0 0 1 118 228 326 7 125 2 175

 Unearned Income .......... 8,171 27 164 4 157 253 320 9 130 3 204

 No Unearned Income .... 4,294 110 206 11 157 191 317 0 184 5 234

 TANF Income ............... 1,321 30 138 2 87 231 301 1 105 1 236

 No TANF Income ......... 11,144 60 195 7 161 231 322 6 131 4 215

 GA Income .................... 639 10 138 0 102 237 310 3 214 1 152

 No GA Income .............. 11,826 59 191 7 157 231 320 6 129 4 217

 SSI ................................. 3,278 12 148 2 176 265 324 3 95 3 179

 No SSI ........................... 9,187 71 193 8 156 220 318 6 139 4 225

 Social Security

Income ....................... 3,064 9 126 1 168 268 330 21 130 4 175

 No Social Security

Income ....................... 9,401 72 194 9 157 219 315 1 133 4 235

SNAP Benefit

 Minimum Benefit .......... 836 37 207 1 159 75 165 16 106 2 131

 Maximum Benefit ......... 4,146 11 69 3 147 270 417 4 239 3 259

a Because this deduction is not used in their benefit determination, 292,582 SSI-CAP households in Florida, Kentucky, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Mississippi,

New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Texas, Virginia, and Washington are excluded from this column. Thus, the average values are based on

fewer households than the number shown in the Total Households column.

b Because this deduction is not used in their benefit determination, 28,146 MFIP households and 292,582 SSI-CAP households in Florida, Kentucky, Louisiana,

Massachusetts, Mississippi, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Texas, Virginia, and Washington are excluded from this column. Thus, the

average values are based on fewer households than the number shown in the Total Households column.

c Because this deduction is not used in their benefit determination, 28,146 MFIP households and 190,841 SSI-CAP households in Kentucky, Louisiana,

Mississippi, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Texas, and Virginia are excluded from this column. Thus, the average values are based on

fewer households than the number shown in the Total Households column.

d Due to changes in the SNAP QC data, the definition of disabled changed in 2003. Beginning with the 2003 report, we are only able to identify households that

contain a disabled person. In previous reports, we had additional information that helped to identify which household member was disabled.

e Net income is not used in the benefit determination of MFIP households or SSI-CAP households in Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, New York, North

Carolina, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Texas, and Virginia.

 Source: Fiscal Year 2008 Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Quality Control sample.

41
Table A-11. Distribution of Participating Households by Selected Household Characteristics and Amount of

Deduction

Household Characteristic

Total Households Households With:

Number

(000)

Percent

Children Elderly

Individuals

Disabled

Nonelderly

Individualsa

Countable Earned

Income

Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent

Total .................................................. 12,465 100.0 6,341 100.0 2,312 100.0 2,821 100.0 3,640 100.0

Total Deduction

 $0-117 ............................................. 23 0.2 23 0.4 – – – – 2 0.0

 118-133 ........................................... 1 0.0 1 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

 134 ............................................... 2,146 17.2 653 10.3 331 14.3 319 11.3 1 0.0

 135-150 ........................................... 275 2.2 196 3.1 33 1.4 74 2.6 36 1.0

 151-200 ........................................... 642 5.2 323 5.1 127 5.5 202 7.1 96 2.6

 201-250 ........................................... 565 4.5 216 3.4 170 7.3 193 6.9 94 2.6

 251-300 ........................................... 651 5.2 259 4.1 160 6.9 205 7.3 155 4.3

 301-350 ........................................... 702 5.6 308 4.9 171 7.4 217 7.7 175 4.8

 351-400 ........................................... 710 5.7 370 5.8 144 6.2 188 6.6 215 5.9

 401-450 ........................................... 745 6.0 396 6.3 141 6.1 183 6.5 234 6.4

 451-500 ........................................... 743 6.0 385 6.1 158 6.8 212 7.5 248 6.8

 501+ ................................................ 5,071 40.7 3,210 50.6 710 30.7 1,007 35.7 2,379 65.3

 Not Applicableb .............................. 191 1.5 – – 168 7.3 23 0.8 3 0.1

Earned Income Deduction

 None ................................................ 8,541 68.5 3,367 53.1 1,996 86.3 2,472 87.6 6 0.2

 $1-50 ............................................... 456 3.7 254 4.0 28 1.2 68 2.4 456 12.5

 51-100 ............................................. 480 3.9 348 5.5 19 0.8 50 1.8 480 13.2

 101-150 ........................................... 576 4.6 441 7.0 16 0.7 47 1.7 576 15.8

 151-200 ........................................... 567 4.6 466 7.3 13 0.6 38 1.3 567 15.6

 201-250 ........................................... 517 4.1 467 7.4 6 0.3 26 0.9 517 14.2

 251-300 ........................................... 391 3.1 370 5.8 5 0.2 19 0.7 391 10.7

 301+ ................................................ 644 5.2 627 9.9 11 0.5 26 0.9 644 17.7

 Not Applicablec ............................... 293 2.3 – – 217 9.4 75 2.7 3 0.1

Dependent Care Deduction

 None ................................................ 11,621 93.2 5,790 91.3 2,093 90.5 2,714 96.2 3,151 86.6

 $1-50 ............................................... 89 0.7 89 1.4 0 0.0 6 0.2 72 2.0

 51-100 ............................................. 95 0.8 95 1.5 0 0.0 5 0.2 87 2.4

 101-150 ........................................... 88 0.7 88 1.4 – – 6 0.2 83 2.3

 151-200 ........................................... 144 1.2 143 2.3 0 0.0 8 0.3 134 3.7

 201+ ................................................ 107 0.9 107 1.7 1 0.0 7 0.3 102 2.8

 Not Applicabled .............................. 321 2.6 28 0.4 217 9.4 75 2.7 11 0.3

Medical Deduction

 None ................................................ 11,626 93.3 6,243 98.5 1,781 77.0 2,530 89.7 3,592 98.7

 $1-25 ............................................... 76 0.6 6 0.1 44 1.9 34 1.2 3 0.1

 26-50 ............................................... 41 0.3 2 0.0 26 1.1 17 0.6 1 0.0

 51-75 ............................................... 145 1.2 29 0.5 82 3.6 65 2.3 8 0.2

 76-100 ............................................. 48 0.4 8 0.1 29 1.3 20 0.7 4 0.1

 101-150 ........................................... 79 0.6 11 0.2 50 2.2 30 1.1 7 0.2

 151-200 ........................................... 43 0.3 3 0.1 32 1.4 13 0.5 2 0.0

 201-300 ........................................... 42 0.3 5 0.1 27 1.2 15 0.5 5 0.1

 301+ ................................................ 45 0.4 5 0.1 23 1.0 22 0.8 8 0.2

 Not Applicabled .............................. 321 2.6 28 0.4 217 9.4 75 2.7 11 0.3

Child Support Deduction

 None ................................................ 11,929 95.7 6,188 97.6 2,084 90.1 2,671 94.7 3,503 96.2

 $1-50 ............................................... 38 0.3 18 0.3 3 0.1 20 0.7 15 0.4

 51-100 ............................................. 32 0.3 15 0.2 2 0.1 15 0.5 14 0.4

 101-150 ........................................... 33 0.3 17 0.3 3 0.1 10 0.4 19 0.5

 151-200 ........................................... 24 0.2 13 0.2 1 0.0 6 0.2 16 0.4

 201-250 ........................................... 20 0.2 14 0.2 1 0.1 5 0.2 16 0.4

 251-300 ........................................... 16 0.1 10 0.2 – – 4 0.1 12 0.3

 301+ ................................................ 51 0.4 37 0.6 1 0.1 14 0.5 35 1.0

 Not Applicablee ............................... 321 2.6 28 0.4 217 9.4 75 2.7 11 0.3

See footnotes at end of table.

42
Table A-11. Distribution of Participating Households by Selected Household Characteristics and Amount of

Deduction — Continued

Household Characteristic

Total Households Households With:

Number

(000)

Percent

Children Elderly

Individuals

Disabled

Nonelderly

Individualsa

Countable Earned

Income

Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent

Excess Shelter Deduction

 None ................................................ 3,389 27.2 1,599 25.2 423 18.3 537 19.0 792 21.8

 $1-50 ............................................... 529 4.2 292 4.6 97 4.2 138 4.9 158 4.3

 51-100 ............................................. 637 5.1 324 5.1 155 6.7 182 6.5 204 5.6

 101-150 ........................................... 694 5.6 329 5.2 166 7.2 217 7.7 222 6.1

 151-200 ........................................... 737 5.9 350 5.5 167 7.2 206 7.3 221 6.1

 201-250 ........................................... 736 5.9 377 5.9 161 7.0 195 6.9 230 6.3

 251-300 ........................................... 766 6.1 424 6.7 131 5.7 172 6.1 252 6.9

 301-350 ........................................... 729 5.8 354 5.6 174 7.5 202 7.2 212 5.8

 351-399 ........................................... 582 4.7 293 4.6 117 5.1 187 6.6 184 5.1

 400-430 ........................................... 346 2.8 191 3.0 66 2.9 97 3.4 113 3.1

 431 ................................................... 1,954 15.7 1,517 23.9 0 0.0 3 0.1 951 26.1

 432+ ................................................ 1,145 9.2 264 4.2 487 21.0 662 23.5 90 2.5

 Not Applicablee ............................... 219 1.8 28 0.4 168 7.3 23 0.8 11 0.3

 No Deduction .................................. 3,389 27.2 1,599 25.2 423 18.3 537 19.0 792 21.8

 Deduction Less Than Capf.............. 5,762 46.2 2,935 46.3 1,235 53.4 1,597 56.6 1,797 49.4

 Deduction Equal to Cap .................. 1,958 15.7 1,520 24.0 0 0.0 3 0.1 953 26.2

 Benefit Less than Maximum

Benefit ......................................... 890 7.1 796 12.6 0 0.0 3 0.1 647 17.8

 Benefit Equal to Maximum

Benefit ......................................... 1,068 8.6 725 11.4 – – 0 0.0 306 8.4

 Deduction Greater Than Cap .......... 1,137 9.1 258 4.1 486 21.0 662 23.5 87 2.4

 Not Applicablee ............................... 219 1.8 28 0.4 168 7.3 23 0.8 11 0.3

a Due to changes in the SNAP QC data, the definition of disabled changed in 2003. Beginning with the 2003 report, we are only able

to identify households that contain a disabled person. In previous reports, we had additional information that helped to identify which

household member was disabled.

b Deductions are not used in the benefit determination of SSI-CAP households in Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, New York,

North Carolina, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Texas, and Virginia.

c This deduction is not used in the benefit determination of SSI-CAP households in Florida, Kentucky, Louisiana, Massachusetts,

Mississippi, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Texas, Virginia, and Washington.

d This deduction is not used in the benefit determination of MFIP households or SSI-CAP households in Florida, Kentucky,

Louisiana, Massachusetts, Mississippi, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Texas, Virginia, and Washington.

e This deduction is not used in the benefit determination of MFIP households or SSI-CAP households in Kentucky, Louisiana,

Mississippi, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Texas, and Virginia.

f Households without elderly or disabled members are subject to a cap on their excess shelter deduction.

– No sample households in this category.

 Source: Fiscal Year 2008 Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Quality Control sample.

43
Table A-12. Distribution of Participating Households by Selected Household Characteristics and SNAP Benefit Amount, SNAP Benefit as a Percentage of the

Maximum Benefit, and Certification Period

Total Households Households With:

Number

(000)

Percent

Children Elderly Individuals Disabled Nonelderly Individuals

a

Countable Earned

Income

Countable TANF

Income

Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent

Total .................................................................... 12,465 100.0 6,341 100.0 2,312 100.0 2,821 100.0 3,640 100.0 1,321 100.0SNAP Benefit $10 or less ......................................................... 844 6.8 92 1.5 415 17.9 323 11.5 154 4.2 18 1.3 11 - 25 ............................................................... 277 2.2 25 0.4 115 5.0 138 4.9 30 0.8 4 0.3 26 - 50 ............................................................... 606 4.9 70 1.1 302 13.1 234 8.3 83 2.3 11 0.8 51 - 75 ............................................................... 698 5.6 104 1.6 326 14.1 273 9.7 112 3.1 18 1.4 76 - 100 ............................................................. 630 5.1 149 2.3 235 10.1 257 9.1 141 3.9 25 1.9 101 - 150 ........................................................... 1,271 10.2 392 6.2 365 15.8 450 15.9 369 10.1 84 6.4 151 - 200 ........................................................... 2,984 23.9 670 10.6 391 16.9 416 14.7 658 18.1 154 11.6 201 - 300 ........................................................... 2,180 17.5 1,895 29.9 112 4.8 314 11.1 883 24.3 414 31.3 301 or more ....................................................... 2,974 23.9 2,943 46.4 52 2.2 416 14.7 1,209 33.2 596 45.1Benefit as a Percentage of the Maximum Minimum ........................................................... 836 6.7 84 1.3 413 17.9 319 11.3 150 4.1 16 1.2 < 25%b .............................................................. 970 7.8 371 5.8 332 14.4 393 13.9 300 8.2 52 4.0

 25 - 50 ............................................................... 2,012 16.1 975 15.4 595 25.8 660 23.4 778 21.4 156 11.8 51 - 75 ............................................................... 2,242 18.0 1,365 21.5 405 17.5 694 24.6 949 26.1 314 23.7 76 - 99 ............................................................... 2,258 18.1 1,614 25.5 225 9.7 455 16.1 806 22.1 491 37.2 Maximum .......................................................... 4,146 33.3 1,931 30.5 341 14.8 300 10.6 657 18.0 292 22.1Months in Certification Period Average

c ............................................................. 12 – 9 – 19 – 15 – 9 – 10 –

 1 ......................................................................... 29 0.2 11 0.2 1 0.1 2 0.1 4 0.1 1 0.1 2 ......................................................................... 29 0.2 11 0.2 1 0.1 3 0.1 6 0.2 1 0.1 3 ......................................................................... 119 1.0 41 0.6 4 0.2 7 0.3 22 0.6 8 0.6 4 ......................................................................... 102 0.8 30 0.5 1 0.1 3 0.1 20 0.5 4 0.3 5 ......................................................................... 119 1.0 89 1.4 3 0.1 20 0.7 35 1.0 19 1.4 6 ......................................................................... 4,490 36.0 3,169 50.0 196 8.5 651 23.1 1,917 52.7 441 33.4 7 ......................................................................... 97 0.8 57 0.9 6 0.2 14 0.5 32 0.9 11 0.8 8 ......................................................................... 35 0.3 22 0.3 2 0.1 5 0.2 8 0.2 5 0.4 9 ......................................................................... 28 0.2 21 0.3 1 0.0 6 0.2 7 0.2 7 0.5 10 ....................................................................... 34 0.3 23 0.4 3 0.1 5 0.2 9 0.2 11 0.9 11 ....................................................................... 124 1.0 53 0.8 28 1.2 23 0.8 20 0.6 16 1.2 12 ....................................................................... 5,220 41.9 2,650 41.8 973 42.1 1,213 43.0 1,500 41.2 746 56.5 13+ .................................................................... 2,025 16.2 157 2.5 1,090 47.2 863 30.6 57 1.6 47 3.5 Unknown ........................................................... 15 0.1 7 0.1 2 0.1 5 0.2 2 0.1 5 0.3

a Due to changes in the SNAP QC data, the definition of disabled changed in 2003. Beginning with the 2003 report, we are only able to identify households that contain a disabled person. In

previous reports, we had additional information that helped to identify which household member was disabled.

b Does not include households with the minimum benefit.

c Average number of months in certification period. Percent not applicable in this row.

– Not Applicable.

 Source: Fiscal Year 2008 Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Quality Control sample.
Table A-13. Distribution of Participating Households by Type of Most Recent Action and Expedited

Service

Most Recent Action and Expedited

Service

Total Households Entrants Other Households

Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent

Total .................................................. 12,465 100.0 621 100.0 11,844 100.0

Initial Certification ............................ 4,864 39.0 621 100.0 4,243 35.8

 Eligible For and Receiving

Expedited Service ....................... 1,274 10.2 283 45.6 991 8.4

 Eligible For But Did Not Receive

Expedited Service ....................... 329 2.6 39 6.4 290 2.4

 Not Eligible For Expedited

Service ......................................... 3,260 26.2 298 48.0 2,962 25.0

Recertification ................................... 7,601 61.0 – – 7,601 64.2

 Eligible For and Receiving

Expedited Service ....................... 99 0.8 – – 99 0.8

 Eligible For But Did Not Receive

Expedited Service ....................... 54 0.4 – – 54 0.5

 Not Eligible For Expedited

Service ......................................... 7,448 59.7 – – 7,448 62.9

– By definition these are mutually exclusive categories; therefore, no households will be found in these categories.

 Source: Fiscal Year 2008 Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Quality Control sample.

45
Table A-14. Distribution of Participating Households, Individuals, and Benefits by Household Composition

Household Composition

SNAP Households

Participants in Households

With Household

Characteristic

Monthly SNAP Benefits

Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent Dollars

(000)

Percent

Totala ............................................................................. 12,465 100.0 27,791 100.0 2,772,510 100.0

Childrenb ...................................................................... 6,342 50.9 20,893 75.2 2,086,166 75.2

 Single-Adult Householdc ............................................. 3,876 31.1 11,830 42.6 1,236,844 44.6

 Male Adult ................................................................ 214 1.7 576 2.1 61,925 2.2

 Female Adult ............................................................. 3,662 29.4 11,254 40.5 1,174,919 42.4

 Multiple-Adult Household ........................................... 1,723 13.8 7,515 27.0 666,177 24.0

 Married Head Household .......................................... 1,057 8.5 4,719 17.0 403,977 14.6

 Other Multiple-Adult Household .............................. 666 5.3 2,796 10.1 262,201 9.5

 Children Only ............................................................... 743 6.0 1,548 5.6 183,145 6.6

Elderly Individuals ....................................................... 2,312 18.5 2,939 10.6 218,455 7.9

 Living Alone ................................................................ 1,865 15.0 1,865 6.7 141,508 5.1

 Living with Only Elderly Individuals .......................... 197 1.6 394 1.4 25,487 0.9

 Living with at Least One Nonelderly Individual ......... 250 2.0 680 2.4 51,459 1.9

Disabled Nonelderly Individualsd ............................... 2,821 22.6 5,706 20.5 449,212 16.2

 Living Alone ................................................................ 1,581 12.7 1,581 5.7 124,930 4.5

 Not Living Alone ......................................................... 1,240 9.9 4,126 14.8 324,282 11.7

Other Householdse ....................................................... 2,164 17.4 2,382 8.6 342,541 12.4

 Single-Person Household ............................................. 1,972 15.8 1,972 7.1 295,199 10.6

 Multi-Person Household .............................................. 192 1.5 410 1.5 47,342 1.7

Nonelderly, Nondisabled, Childless Adultsf.............. 976 7.8 1,499 5.4 186,407 6.7

 Single-Person Household ............................................. 710 5.7 710 2.6 107,964 3.9

 Multi-Person Household .............................................. 267 2.1 789 2.8 78,443 2.8

Single-Person Households ........................................... 5,671 45.5 5,671 20.4 597,521 21.6

a The sum of individual categories does not match the table total because a household can have more than one of the characteristics in the

table.

b

Individuals with missing age were assigned child or adult status based on their relationship to the household head

c Because gender is missing for some individuals in the SNAP QC sample, the sum of single-adult households headed by males plus the

number headed by females may not add up to the total number of single-adult households.

d Due to changes in the SNAP QC data, the definition of disabled changed in 2003. Beginning with the 2003 report, we are only able to

identify households that contain a disabled person. In previous reports, we had additional information that helped to identify which household

member was disabled.

e Households not containing children, elderly individuals, or disabled individuals.

f These participants, age 18-49, are subject to work registration and, with some exceptions (for example, those in waiver areas or receiving

state exemptions), must meet work requirements or face time limits on benefit receipt.

 Source: Fiscal Year 2008 Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Quality Control sample.

46
Table A-15. Average Gross and Net Countable Income, Total Deduction, Countable Resources, SNAP Benefit, Household Size, and

Certification Period of Participating Households by Household Composition

Household Composition

Total Households Average Values

Number

(000)

Percent

Gross

Countable

Income

(Dollars)

Net

Countable

Income

(Dollars)a

Total

Deduction

(Dollars)b

Countable

Resources

(Dollars)

SNAP Benefit

(Dollars)

Household

Size

(Individuals)

Certification

Period

(Months)

Totalc ..................................... 12,465 100.0 701 335 442 126 222 2.2 12.0

Childrend ............................... 6,342 50.9 839 422 492 108 329 3.3 8.9

 Single-Adult Householde ..... 3,876 31.1 745 364 458 94 319 3.1 9.0

 Male Adult ......................... 214 1.7 681 328 471 96 289 2.7 9.4

 Female Adult ..................... 3,662 29.4 749 366 457 94 321 3.1 9.0

 Multiple-Adult Household ... 1,723 13.8 1166 647 582 158 387 4.4 8.7

 Married Head Household .. 1,057 8.5 1242 701 604 187 382 4.5 8.7

 Other Multiple-Adult

Household ......................... 666 5.3 1045 562 546 112 393 4.2 8.8

 Children Only ....................... 743 6.0 573 199 458 68 247 2.1 9.0

Elderly Individuals ............... 2,312 18.5 762 375 431 238 94 1.3 19.4

 Living Alone ........................ 1,865 15.0 694 314 421 230 76 1.0 20.7

 Living with Only Elderly

Individuals ........................ 197 1.6 1010 587 441 317 129 2.0 17.3

 Living with at Least One

Nonelderly Individual ...... 250 2.0 1077 628 490 237 206 2.7 11.5

Disabled Nonelderly

Individualsf..................... 2,821 22.6 885 463 444 135 159 2.0 15.0

 Living Alone ........................ 1,581 12.7 716 305 435 139 79 1.0 18.4

 Not Living Alone ................. 1,240 9.9 1101 662 454 129 261 3.3 10.6

Other Householdsg ............... 2,164 17.4 219 68 313 53 158 1.1 8.6

 Single-Person Household ..... 1,972 15.8 183 51 296 50 150 1.0 8.6

 Multi-Person Household ...... 192 1.5 594 242 488 86 246 2.1 8.6

Nonelderly, Nondisabled,

Childless Adultsh ............ 976 7.8 320 139 320 49 191 1.5 8.0

 Single-Person Household ..... 710 5.7 140 38 262 24 152 1.0 7.7

 Multi-Person Household ...... 267 2.1 800 407 475 115 294 3.0 9.0

Single-Person Households .... 5,671 45.5 507 205 380 135 105 1.0 15.3

a Because net income is not used in their benefit determination, 28,146 MFIP households and 190,841 SSI-CAP households in Kentucky, Louisiana,

Mississippi, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Texas, and Virginia are excluded from this column. Thus, the average values are based on

fewer households than the number shown in the Total Households column.

b Because deductions are not used in their benefit determination, 190,841 SSI-CAP households in Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, New York, North

Carolina, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Texas, and Virginia are excluded from this column. Thus, the average values are based on fewer households than the

number shown in the Total Households column.

c The sum of individual categories does not match the table total because a household can have more than one of the characteristics in the table.

d

Individuals with missing age were assigned child or adult status based on their relationship to the household head

e Because gender is missing for some individuals in the SNAP QC sample, the sum of single-adult households headed by males plus the number headed by

females may not add up to the total number of single-adult households.

f Due to changes in the SNAP QC data, the definition of disabled changed in 2003. Beginning with the 2003 report, we are only able to identify households

that contain a disabled person. In previous reports, we had additional information that helped to identify which household member was disabled.

g Households not containing children, elderly individuals, or disabled individuals.

h These participants, age 18-49, are subject to work registration and, with some exceptions (for example, those in waiver areas or receiving state exemptions),

must meet work requirements or face time limits on benefit receipt.

 Source: Fiscal Year 2008 Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Quality Control sample.

47
Table A-16. Distribution of Participating Households by Countable Income Type and Household Composition

Household Composition

Total

Households Countable Income Type

Number

(000)

Percent

Earned Income Zero Gross

Income TANF Income GA Income SSI Social SecurityIncome

Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent

Totala ......................................... 12,465 100.0 3,640 100.0 1,986 100.0 1,321 100.0 639 100.0 3,278 100.0 3,064 100.0

Childrenb .................................. 6,342 50.9 2,975 81.7 784 39.5 1,295 98.0 132 20.6 868 26.5 602 19.6

 Single-Adult Householdc ......... 3,876 31.1 1,547 42.5 565 28.4 844 63.9 91 14.2 542 16.5 350 11.4

 Male Adult ............................ 214 1.7 72 2.0 51 2.5 44 3.3 4 0.6 26 0.8 28 0.9

 Female Adult ......................... 3,662 29.4 1,475 40.5 514 25.9 800 60.6 87 13.6 516 15.7 322 10.5

 Multiple-Adult Household ....... 1,723 13.8 1,011 27.8 142 7.2 245 18.5 30 4.7 303 9.3 237 7.7

 Married Head Household ...... 1,057 8.5 681 18.7 88 4.4 120 9.1 13 2.0 141 4.3 124 4.1

 Other Multiple-Adult

Household ............................ 666 5.3 329 9.0 55 2.7 125 9.5 17 2.6 162 4.9 113 3.7

 Children Only ........................... 743 6.0 418 11.5 77 3.9 206 15.6 11 1.7 23 0.7 15 0.5

Elderly Individuals ................... 2,312 18.5 102 2.8 63 3.2 39 2.9 121 18.9 1,226 37.4 1,574 51.4

 Living Alone ............................ 1,865 15.0 51 1.4 53 2.7 1 0.1 94 14.7 995 30.4 1,290 42.1

 Living with Only Elderly

Individuals ............................ 197 1.6 6 0.2 5 0.3 0 0.0 14 2.3 118 3.6 121 3.9

 Living with at Least One

Nonelderly Individual .......... 250 2.0 44 1.2 5 0.2 38 2.9 13 2.0 112 3.4 163 5.3

Disabled Nonelderly

Individualsd ........................ 2,821 22.6 277 7.6 0 0.0 275 20.8 144 22.6 2,105 64.2 1,333 43.5

 Living Alone ............................ 1,581 12.7 75 2.1 0 0.0 2 0.2 73 11.4 1,098 33.5 843 27.5

 Not Living Alone ..................... 1,240 9.9 202 5.6 – – 273 20.6 72 11.2 1,007 30.7 490 16.0

Other Householdse ................... 2,164 17.4 491 13.5 1,142 57.5 16 1.2 305 47.8 – – 21 0.7

 Single-Person ........................... 1,972 15.8 397 10.9 1,087 54.7 11 0.8 292 45.8 – – 16 0.5

 Multi-Person ............................ 192 1.5 94 2.6 55 2.8 5 0.4 13 2.0 – – 6 0.2

Nonelderly, Nondisabled,

Childless Adultsf................ 976 7.8 253 6.9 512 25.8 22 1.7 44 6.9 69 2.1 56 1.8

 Single-Person Household ......... 710 5.7 146 4.0 472 23.8 1 0.1 34 5.3 5 0.1 3 0.1

 Multi-Person Household .......... 267 2.1 107 2.9 40 2.0 21 1.6 11 1.7 64 2.0 53 1.7

Single-Person Households ....... 5,671 45.5 657 18.1 1,179 59.3 79 6.0 465 72.7 2,094 63.9 2,152 70.2

a The sum of individual categories does not match the table total because a household can have more than one of the characteristics in the table.

b

Individuals with missing age were assigned child or adult status based on their relationship to the household head

c Because gender is missing for some individuals in the SNAP QC sample, the sum of single-adult households headed by males plus the number headed by

females may not add up to the total number of single-adult households.

d Due to changes in the SNAP QC data, the definition of disabled changed in 2003. Beginning with the 2003 report, we are only able to identify households that

contain a disabled person. In previous reports, we had additional information that helped to identify which household member was disabled.

e Households not containing children, elderly individuals, or disabled individuals.

f These participants, age 18-49, are subject to work registration and, with some exceptions (for example, those in waiver areas or receiving state exemptions),

must meet work requirements or face time limits on benefit receipt.

– No sample households in this category.

 Source: Fiscal Year 2008 Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Quality Control sample.

48
Table A-17. Distribution of Participating Households With Children, Elderly Individuals, and Disabled Nonelderly Individuals

by Selected Characteristics

Household Characteristic

Total Households Household With:

Number

(000)

Percent

Children School Age

Children

Preschool Age

Children

Elderly

Individuals

Disabled

Nonelderly

Individualsa

Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent

Total ....................................... 12,465 100.0 6,341 100.0 4,776 100.0 3,403 100.0 2,312 100.0 2,821 100.0

Household Composition

 Children ................................ 6,341 50.9 6,341 100.0 4,776 100.0 3,403 100.0 126 5.4 1,000 35.5

 School Age ......................... 4,776 38.3 4,776 75.3 4,776 100.0 1,838 54.0 116 5.0 867 30.7

 Preschool Age .................... 3,403 27.3 3,403 53.7 1,838 38.5 3,403 100.0 24 1.0 386 13.7

 Elderly Individuals ............... 2,312 18.5 126 2.0 116 2.4 24 0.7 2,312 100.0 68 2.4

 Disabled Nonelderly

Individualsa ...................... 2,821 22.6 1,000 15.8 867 18.2 386 11.3 68 2.9 2,821 100.0

Countable Income Source

and Resources

 Gross Income ........................ 10,479 84.1 5,556 87.6 4,274 89.5 2,926 86.0 2,249 97.3 2,821 100.0

 No Gross Income .................. 1,986 15.9 784 12.4 502 10.5 477 14.0 63 2.7 0 0.0

 Net Income ........................... 8,109 65.1 4,387 69.2 3,451 72.3 2,287 67.2 1,804 78.0 2,500 88.6

 No Net Income ..................... 4,137 33.2 1,926 30.4 1,305 27.3 1,101 32.4 340 14.7 298 10.6

 Not Applicableb .................... 219 1.8 28 0.4 20 0.4 15 0.4 168 7.3 23 0.8

 Earned Income ...................... 3,640 29.2 2,975 46.9 2,258 47.3 1,671 49.1 102 4.4 277 9.8

 Unearned Income ................. 8,171 65.5 3,711 58.5 2,959 62.0 1,814 53.3 2,215 95.8 2,820 100.0

 TANF Income ...................... 1,321 10.6 1,295 20.4 941 19.7 699 20.6 39 1.7 275 9.7

 GA Income ........................... 639 5.1 130 2.1 102 2.1 67 2.0 121 5.2 144 5.1

 SSI ........................................ 3,278 26.3 868 13.7 754 15.8 339 10.0 1,226 53.0 2,105 74.6

 Social Security Income ......... 3,064 24.6 602 9.5 541 11.3 187 5.5 1,574 68.1 1,333 47.3

 Countable Resources ............ 3,421 27.4 1,742 27.5 1,368 28.6 884 26.0 905 39.2 841 29.8

Deductions

 Total Deduction .................... 12,253 98.3 6,320 99.7 4,760 99.7 3,393 99.7 2,144 92.7 2,798 99.2

 Earned Income Deduction .... 3,631 29.1 2,973 46.9 2,256 47.2 1,671 49.1 99 4.3 274 9.7

 Dependent Care Deduction .. 523 4.2 522 8.2 360 7.5 388 11.4 1 0.1 32 1.1

 Excess Shelter Deduction ..... 8,857 71.1 4,714 74.3 3,599 75.4 2,466 72.5 1,721 74.4 2,261 80.2

 Medical Deduction ............... 519 4.2 69 1.1 61 1.3 25 0.7 314 13.6 216 7.7

 Child Support Deduction ...... 215 1.7 125 2.0 98 2.1 73 2.1 11 0.5 74 2.6

SNAP Benefit

 $10 or Less ........................... 844 6.8 92 1.5 68 1.4 28 0.8 415 17.9 323 11.5

 11-100 ................................... 2,211 17.7 348 5.5 265 5.5 133 3.9 978 42.3 902 32.0

 101-200 ................................. 4,255 34.1 1,062 16.8 729 15.3 510 15.0 756 32.7 866 30.7

 201-300 ................................. 2,180 17.5 1,895 29.9 1,231 25.8 961 28.2 112 4.8 314 11.1

 301 or More .......................... 2,974 23.9 2,943 46.4 2,482 52.0 1,771 52.0 52 2.2 416 14.7

 Minimum Benefit ................. 836 6.7 84 1.3 61 1.3 26 0.8 413 17.9 319 11.3

 Maximum Benefit ................ 4,146 33.3 1,931 30.5 1,309 27.4 1,102 32.4 341 14.8 300 10.6

Household Size

 1 ............................................ 5,671 45.5 258 4.1 122 2.5 136 4.0 1,865 80.7 1,581 56.0

 2 ............................................ 2,465 19.8 1,811 28.6 1,068 22.4 843 24.8 340 14.7 466 16.5

 3 ............................................ 1,942 15.6 1,890 29.8 1,429 29.9 975 28.7 65 2.8 320 11.3

 4 ............................................ 1,264 10.1 1,258 19.8 1,083 22.7 722 21.2 20 0.9 221 7.8

 5 ............................................ 684 5.5 683 10.8 642 13.4 422 12.4 13 0.6 125 4.4

 6+ .......................................... 440 3.5 440 6.9 433 9.1 304 8.9 9 0.4 108 3.8

a Due to changes in the SNAP QC data, the definition of disabled changed in 2003. Beginning with the 2003 report, we are only able to identify

households that contain a disabled person. In previous reports, we had additional information that helped to identify which household member was

disabled.

b Net income is not used in the benefit determination of MFIP households or SSI-CAP households in Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, New York,

North Carolina, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Texas, and Virginia.

 Source: Fiscal Year 2008 Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Quality Control sample.

49
Table A-18. Average Values of Selected Characteristics for Participating Households With Children, Elderly

Individuals, and Disabled Nonelderly Individuals

Household Characteristic

Average Values for Households With:

Total Children School Age

Children

Preschool Age

Children

Elderly

Individuals

Disabled

Nonelderly

Individualsa

Countable Income and Resources

 Gross Income ........................................ 701 839 904 817 762 885

 Net Incomeb .......................................... 335 422 469 401 375 463

 Earned Income ...................................... 277 487 509 525 30 69

 Unearned Income .................................. 424 352 396 292 733 817

 TANF Income ....................................... 41 81 80 83 5 29

 GA Income ............................................ 11 6 7 7 8 7

 SSI ......................................................... 131 85 99 62 220 409

 Social Security Income ......................... 165 64 78 36 459 329

 Countable Resources ............................. 126 108 115 94 238 135

Countable Income as a Percentage of

Poverty Guildeline

 Gross Income ......................................... 58.3 54.6 56.6 51.3 82.0 79.6

 Net Incomeb ........................................... 26.1 26.4 28.4 24.0 36.5 38.9

Deductions

 Total Deductionc .................................... 442 492 504 496 431 444

 Earned Income Deductiond .................... 57 97 102 105 6 14

 Over Households With Deduction ......... 190 208 215 214 136 141

 Dependent Care Deductione .................. 7 13 13 18 0 2

 Over Households With Deduction ......... 157 157 165 160 224 173

 Excess Shelter Deductionf..................... 231 233 238 221 270 274

 Over Households With Deduction ......... 319 312 315 304 336 339

 Medical Deductione ............................... 6 1 1 1 19 10

 Over Households With Deduction ......... 131 117 116 107 129 132

 Child Support Deductionf...................... 4 5 5 6 1 5

 Over Households With Deduction ......... 215 243 245 264 166 178

SNAP Benefit .............................................. 222 329 345 353 94 159

Household Size ........................................... 2.2 3.3 3.5 3.5 1.3 2.0

Certification Period ................................... 12.0 8.9 9.0 8.7 19.4 15.0

a Due to changes in the SNAP QC data, the definition of disabled changed in 2003. Beginning with the 2003 report, we are only able to

identify households that contain a disabled person. In previous reports, we had additional information that helped to identify which household

member was disabled.

b Because net income is not used in their benefit determination, 28,146 MFIP households and 190,841 SSI-CAP households in Kentucky,

Louisiana, Mississippi, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Texas, and Virginia are excluded from this category.

c Because deductions are not used in their benefit determination, 190,841 SSI-CAP households in Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, New

York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Texas, and Virginia are excluded from this category.

d Because this deduction is not used in their benefit determination, 292,582 SSI-CAP households in Florida, Kentucky, Louisiana,

Massachusetts, Mississippi, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Texas, Virginia, and Washington are excluded from

this category.

e Because this deduction is not used in their benefit determination, 28,146 MFIP households and 292,582 SSI-CAP households in Florida,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Mississippi, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Texas, Virginia, and

Washington are excluded from this category.

f Because this deduction is not used in their benefit determination, 28,146 MFIP households and 190,841 SSI-CAP households in

Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Texas, and Virginia are excluded from this

category.

 Source: Fiscal Year 2008 Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Quality Control sample.

50
Table A-19. Distribution of Participating Households With Countable Earned and Unearned Income by

Selected Characteristics

Household Characteristic

Total Households Countable Income Type

Number

(000)

Percent

 Earned Income Unearned

Income TANF Income GA Income

Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent

Total ....................................... 12,465 100.0 3,640 100.0 8,171 100.0 1,321 100.0 639 100.0

Household Composition

 Children ................................ 6,341 50.9 2,975 81.7 3,711 45.4 1,295 98.0 130 20.4

 School Age ......................... 4,776 38.3 2,258 62.0 2,959 36.2 941 71.2 102 16.0

 Preschool Age .................... 3,403 27.3 1,671 45.9 1,814 22.2 699 52.9 67 10.5

 Elderly Individuals ............... 2,312 18.5 102 2.8 2,215 27.1 39 2.9 121 18.9

 Disabled Nonelderly

Individualsa ...................... 2,821 22.6 277 7.6 2,820 34.5 275 20.8 144 22.6

Countable Income Source

and Resources

 Gross Income ........................ 10,479 84.1 3,640 100.0 8,171 100.0 1,321 100.0 639 100.0

 No Gross Incomeb ................ 1,986 15.9 – – 0 0.0 – – – –

 Net Income ........................... 8,109 65.1 2,975 81.7 6,347 77.7 1,031 78.0 360 56.3

 No Net Income ..................... 4,137 33.2 655 18.0 1,628 19.9 291 22.0 279 43.6

 Not Applicablec .................... 219 1.8 11 0.3 196 2.4 – – 0 0.0

 Earned Income ...................... 3,640 29.2 3,640 100.0 1,332 16.3 288 21.8 47 7.3

 Unearned Income ................. 8,171 65.5 1,332 36.6 8,171 100.0 1,321 100.0 639 100.0

 TANF Income ...................... 1,321 10.6 288 7.9 1,321 16.2 1,321 100.0 13 2.1

 GA Income ........................... 639 5.1 47 1.3 639 7.8 13 1.0 639 100.0

 SSI Income ........................... 3,278 26.3 239 6.6 3,278 40.1 268 20.3 198 31.1

 Social Security Income ......... 3,064 24.6 217 6.0 3,064 37.5 119 9.0 90 14.0

 Countable Resources ............ 3,421 27.4 1,220 33.5 2,418 29.6 207 15.6 83 12.9

Deductions

 Total Deduction .................... 12,253 98.3 3,637 99.9 7,976 97.6 1,321 100.0 639 100.0

 Earned Income Deduction .... 3,631 29.1 3,631 99.8 1,323 16.2 287 21.7 47 7.3

 Dependent Care Deduction .. 523 4.2 478 13.1 222 2.7 29 2.2 1 0.1

 Excess Shelter Deduction ..... 8,857 71.1 2,837 77.9 6,288 77.0 1,012 76.6 488 76.4

 Medical Deduction ............... 519 4.2 37 1.0 515 6.3 15 1.2 8 1.3

 Child Support Deduction ...... 215 1.7 126 3.5 133 1.6 8 0.6 5 0.8

SNAP Benefit

 $10 or Less ........................... 844 6.8 154 4.2 787 9.6 18 1.3 26 4.1

 11-100 ................................... 2,211 17.7 365 10.0 2,011 24.6 57 4.3 94 14.8

 101-200 ................................. 4,255 34.1 1,028 28.2 2,389 29.2 238 18.0 393 61.5

 201-300 ................................. 2,180 17.5 883 24.3 1,231 15.1 414 31.3 64 10.1

 301 or More .......................... 2,974 23.9 1,209 33.2 1,753 21.4 596 45.1 61 9.5

 Minimum Benefit ................. 836 6.7 150 4.1 781 9.6 16 1.2 26 4.1

 Maximum Benefit ................ 4,146 33.3 657 18.0 1,636 20.0 292 22.1 279 43.6

Household Size

 1 ............................................ 5,671 45.5 657 18.1 4,010 49.1 79 6.0 465 72.7

 2 ............................................ 2,465 19.8 818 22.5 1,584 19.4 451 34.1 80 12.5

 3 ............................................ 1,942 15.6 887 24.4 1,150 14.1 370 28.0 46 7.3

 4 ............................................ 1,264 10.1 654 18.0 736 9.0 215 16.3 29 4.6

 5 ............................................ 684 5.5 363 10.0 411 5.0 127 9.6 10 1.6

 6+ .......................................... 440 3.5 260 7.1 279 3.4 78 5.9 8 1.3

a Due to changes in the SNAP QC data, the definition of disabled changed in 2003. Beginning with the 2003 report, we are

only able to identify households that contain a disabled person. In previous reports, we had additional information that helped

to identify which household member was disabled.

b Some states allow child support expenses to be subtracted before gross income is calculated. As a result, it is possible to

have countable income but no gross income.

c Net income is not used in the benefit determination of MFIP households or SSI-CAP households in Kentucky, Louisiana,

Mississippi, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Texas, and Virginia.

– No sample households in this category.

 Source: Fiscal Year 2008 Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Quality Control sample.

51
Table A-20. Average Values of Selected Characteristics for Participating Households With Countable

Earned and Unearned Income

Household Characteristic

Average Values for Households With:

Total

Countable

Earned

Income

Countable

Unearned

Income

Countable

TANF Income

Countable GA

Income

Countable Income and Resources

 Gross Income ......................................... 701 1,109 779 747 523

 Net Incomea .......................................... 335 541 383 371 213

 Earned Income ....................................... 277 950 133 150 51

 Unearned Income ................................... 424 160 646 597 472

 TANF Income ........................................ 41 27 63 391 7

 GA Income ............................................. 11 3 17 1 216

 SSI .......................................................... 131 33 199 128 163

 Social Security Income .......................... 165 34 252 49 74

 Countable Resources .............................. 126 153 144 53 76

Countable Income as a Percentage of

Poverty Guideline

 Gross Income ......................................... 58.3 76.5 68.7 51.0 49.6

 Net Incomea ........................................... 26.1 35.4 31.4 24.2 18.4

Deductions

 Total Deductionb .................................... 442 603 435 409 392

 Earned Income Deductionc .................... 57 190 27 30 10

 Over Households With Deduction ......... 190 190 164 138 138

 Dependent Care Deductiond .................. 7 21 4 2 0

 Over Households With Deduction ......... 157 161 157 87 102

 Excess Shelter Deductione ..................... 231 238 253 231 237

 Over Households With Deduction ......... 319 305 320 301 310

 Medical Deductiond ............................... 6 2 9 1 3

 Over Households With Deduction ......... 131 200 130 105 214

 Child Support Deductione ...................... 4 8 3 1 1

 Over Households With Deduction ......... 215 244 204 236 152

SNAP Benefit .............................................. 222 264 198 322 172

Household Size ........................................... 2.2 3.0 2.1 3.1 1.5

Certification Period ................................... 12.0 8.8 14.0 10.1 12.8

a Because net income is not used in their benefit determination, 28,146 MFIP households and 190,841 SSI-CAP

households in Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Texas, and

Virginia are excluded from this category.

b Because deductions are not used in their benefit determination, 190,841 SSI-CAP households in Kentucky, Louisiana,

Mississippi, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Texas, and Virginia are excluded from this category.

c Because this deduction is not used in their benefit determination, 292,582 SSI-CAP households in Florida, Kentucky,

Louisiana, Massachusetts, Mississippi, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Texas, Virginia, and

Washington are excluded from this category.

d Because this deduction is not used in their benefit determination, 28,146 MFIP households and 292,582 SSI-CAP

households in Florida, Kentucky, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Mississippi, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, South

Carolina, Texas, Virginia, and Washington are excluded from this category.

e Because this deduction is not used in their benefit determination, 28,146 MFIP households and 190,841 SSI-CAP

households in Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Texas, and

Virginia are excluded from this category.

 Source: Fiscal Year 2008 Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Quality Control sample.

52
Table A-21. Distribution of Participating Households With Selected Household Characteristics by the Race of the Household Head

Characteristic

Total Households Households With:

Number

(000)

Percent

Children Elderly

Individuals

Disabled

Nonelderly

Individualsa

Countable Earned

Income

Countable TANF

Income

Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent

Total ..................................................... 12,465 100.0 6,341 100.0 2,312 100.0 2,821 100.0 3,640 100.0 1,321 100.0

Raceb of Household Head

 Whitec ................................................. 4,083 32.8 1,812 28.6 781 33.8 1,137 40.3 1,149 31.6 291 22.0

 African Americand .............................. 2,590 20.8 1,388 21.9 398 17.2 571 20.2 717 19.7 326 24.7

 Hispanice ............................................. 1,116 9.0 708 11.2 193 8.3 184 6.5 378 10.4 168 12.7

 Asianf.................................................. 291 2.3 100 1.6 135 5.9 35 1.2 71 1.9 22 1.6

 Native Americang ............................... 478 3.8 205 3.2 156 6.7 87 3.1 108 3.0 38 2.9

 Race Unknownh .................................. 3,100 24.9 1,337 21.1 642 27.8 782 27.7 759 20.8 255 19.3

Nonparticipating Household Headi... 808 6.5 792 12.5 7 0.3 26 0.9 459 12.6 221 16.7

a Due to changes in the SNAP QC data, the definition of disabled changed in 2003. Beginning with the 2003 report, we are only able to identify households

that contain a disabled person. In previous reports, we had additional information that helped to identify which household member was disabled.

b New codes to allow reporting of multiple races were implemented beginning in April 2007. We have grouped the new codes together to form general race

and ethnicity categories. Reporting of race and ethnicity is voluntary under the new format and was missing for 26 percent of participants in FY 2008. Because

of these changes, FY 2008 race and ethnicity distributions are not comparable to distributions for years prior to FY 2007.

c This category includes the following values: White; White, not of Hispanic origin.

d This category includes the following values: Black or African American; (Black or African American) and White; Black, not of Hispanic origin.

e This category includes the following values: Hispanic; (Hispanic or Latino) and (American Indian or Alaska Native); (Hispanic or Latino) and Asian;

(Hispanic or Latino) and (Black or African American); (Hispanic or Latino) and (Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander); (Hispanic or Latino) and White;

(Hispanic or Latino) and (American Indian or Alaska Native) and White; (Hispanic or Latino) and Asian and White; (Hispanic or Latino) and (Black or

African American); (Hispanic or Latino) and (American Indian or Alaska Native) and (Black or African American); (Hispanic or Latino) and Respondent

reported more than one race and does not fit into the listed values.

f This category includes the following values: Asian; Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander; Asian and White; Asian or Pacific Islander.

g This category includes the following values: American Indian or Alaska Native; (American Indian or Alaska Native) and White; (American Indian or

Alaska Native) and (Black or African American); American Indian or Alaska Native (old value).

h This category includes the following values: Respondent reported more than one race and does not fit into any previously mentioned value; Unknown;

Not recorded on the application for this individual; The application was not found during the QC review, therefore racial/ethnic data is not available.

i This category includes some households with no household head and no adult listed on the file.

 Source: Fiscal Year 2008 Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Quality Control sample.

53
Table A-22 Distribution of Participating Households By Presence of a Household Member With Selected Characteristics

Characteristic

Total Households Households With:

Number

(000)

Percent

Children Elderly

Individuals

Disabled

Nonelderly

Individualsa

Countable Earned

Income

Countable TANF

Income

Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent

Total ............................................................ 12,465 100.0 6,341 100.0 2,312 100.0 2,821 100.0 3,640 100.0 1,321 100.0

Citizenship

 U. S. Born Citizen ...................................... 11,657 93.5 6,270 98.9 1,740 75.3 2,743 97.2 3,552 97.6 1,304 98.7

 Naturalized Citizen .................................... 681 5.5 219 3.5 392 17.0 79 2.8 163 4.5 38 2.9

 Refugee ...................................................... 92 0.7 49 0.8 18 0.8 6 0.2 26 0.7 16 1.2

 Legal Permanent Resident ......................... 604 4.8 313 4.9 227 9.8 61 2.2 227 6.2 57 4.3

 Unknown .................................................... – – – – – – – – – – – –

 Citizen Children Living with Participating

 Noncitizen Adults ................................... 289 2.3 289 4.6 7 0.3 28 1.0 182 5.0 57 4.3

 Citizen Children Living with

 Nonparticipating Noncitizen Adults ....... 669 5.4 669 10.6 3 0.1 14 0.5 440 12.1 196 14.8

a Due to changes in the SNAP QC data, the definition of disabled changed in 2003. Beginning with the 2003 report, we are only able to identify households that

contain a disabled person. In previous reports, we had additional information that helped to identify which household member was disabled.

– No sample households in this category.

 Source: Fiscal Year 2008 Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Quality Control sample.

54
Table A-23. Gender and SNAP Benefits of Participants by Selected Demographic Characteristic

Participant Characteristic

Total Participants Female Participants Male Participants Pro-rated Benefitsb

Number

(000)

Percenta Number

(000)

Percenta Number

(000)

Percenta Dollars

(000)

Percent

Total ..................................................... 27,791 100.0 16,254 58.5 11,537 41.5 2,772,510 100.0

Citizenship

 U. S. Born Citizen ............................... 25,996 93.5 15,129 54.4 10,868 39.1 2,594,519 93.6

 Naturalized Citizen ............................. 827 3.0 534 1.9 293 1.1 79,495 2.9

 Refugee ............................................... 203 0.7 109 0.4 94 0.3 21,246 0.8

 Other Noncitizen ................................. 765 2.8 483 1.7 282 1.0 77,251 2.8

Citizen Children Living with

Noncitizen Adultsc ........................ 2,072 7.5 998 3.6 1,074 3.9 225,377 8.1

Nonelderly, Nondisabled, Childless

Adultsd ........................................... 1,055 3.8 490 1.8 564 2.0 144,708 5.2

Age

Child ..................................................... 13,496 48.6 6,702 24.1 6,794 24.4 1,358,361 49.0

 Preschool (4 or Less) .......................... 4,656 16.8 2,328 8.4 2,328 8.4 495,827 17.9

 School Age (5-17) ............................... 8,840 31.8 4,374 15.7 4,466 16.1 862,534 31.1

Nonelderly Adult .................................. 11,775 42.4 7,862 28.3 3,913 14.1 1,227,655 44.3

 18-35 ................................................... 6,117 22.0 4,409 15.9 1,708 6.1 645,034 23.3

 36-59 ................................................... 5,658 20.4 3,454 12.4 2,205 7.9 582,622 21.0

Elderly Individual (60 or More) ........... 2,519 9.1 1,690 6.1 829 3.0 186,291 6.7

Unknown Age ....................................... 1 0.0 – – 1 0.0 202 0.0

Racee

 Whitef................................................. 8,417 30.3 4,932 17.7 3,485 12.5 798,315 28.8

 African Americang .............................. 6,270 22.6 3,806 13.7 2,464 8.9 636,810 23.0

 Hispanich ............................................ 4,112 14.8 2,309 8.3 1,803 6.5 426,364 15.4

 Asiani.................................................. 693 2.5 377 1.4 316 1.1 76,883 2.8

 Native Americanj................................ 1,192 4.3 691 2.5 501 1.8 123,089 4.4

 Race Unknownk .................................. 7,108 25.6 4,140 14.9 2,968 10.7 711,049 25.6

a Percent of all participants.

b Pro-rated benefits equal the benefits paid to households multiplied by the ratio of participants with selected characteristic to total household size.

c Noncitizens may be inside or outside the SNAP unit.

d These participants, age 18-49, are subject to work registration and, with some exceptions (for example, those in waiver areas or receiving state

exemptions), must meet work requirements or face time limits on benefit receipt.

e New codes to allow reporting of multiple races were implemented beginning in April 2007. We have grouped the new codes together to form general

race and ethnicity categories. Reporting of race and ethnicity is voluntary under the new format and was missing for 26 percent of participants in FY 2008.

Because of these changes, FY 2008 race and ethnicity distributions are not comparable to distributions for years prior to FY 2007.

f This category includes the following values: White; White, not of Hispanic origin.

g This category includes the following values: Black or African American; (Black or African American) and White; Black, not of Hispanic origin.

h This category includes the following values: Hispanic; (Hispanic or Latino) and (American Indian or Alaska Native); (Hispanic or Latino) and Asian;

(Hispanic or Latino) and (Black or African American); (Hispanic or Latino) and (Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander); (Hispanic or Latino) and

White; (Hispanic or Latino) and (American Indian or Alaska Native) and White; (Hispanic or Latino) and Asian and White; (Hispanic or Latino) and

(Black or African American); (Hispanic or Latino) and (American Indian or Alaska Native) and (Black or African American); (Hispanic or Latino) and

Respondent reported more than one race and does not fit into the listed values.

i This category includes the following values: Asian; Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander; Asian and White; Asian or Pacific Islander.

j This category includes the following values: American Indian or Alaska Native; (American Indian or Alaska Native) and White; (American Indian or

Alaska Native) and (Black or African American); American Indian or Alaska Native (old value).

k This category includes the following values: Respondent reported more than one race and does not fit into any previously mentioned value; Unknown;

Not recorded on the application for this individual; The application was not found during the QC review, therefore racial/ethnic data is not available.

– No sample households in this category.

 Source: Fiscal Year 2008 Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Quality Control sample.

55
Table A-24. Distribution of Participants by Thrifty Food Plan Sex-Age Groups and Household Size

Participant Characteristic

Household Size

Total

(000) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8+

Total ....................................... 27,791 5,671 4,930 5,825 5,055 3,419 1,706 666 520

Children Under Age 12

0 - 2 years ........................... 2,868 101 616 788 657 391 190 72 54

3 - 5 years ........................... 2,609 51 409 710 658 436 208 82 56

6 - 8 years ........................... 2,464 35 306 612 644 462 236 91 78

9 - 11 years ......................... 2,050 22 231 462 519 434 219 91 72

Females .................................. 16,254 3,239 3,152 3,557 2,865 1,873 923 352 293

 0 - 2 years ........................... 1,437 53 299 396 317 208 99 35 30

 3 - 5 years ........................... 1,298 23 207 354 329 211 106 42 27

 6 - 8 years ........................... 1,205 14 136 315 315 216 120 47 42

 9 - 11 years ......................... 986 7 115 217 244 208 110 45 39

 12 - 14 years ....................... 915 16 113 224 221 180 92 34 35

 15 - 19 years ....................... 1,284 79 259 329 245 174 102 47 48

 20 - 50 years ....................... 6,409 1,082 1,496 1,596 1,141 648 282 93 69

 51+ years ............................ 2,721 1,964 525 127 54 28 12 9 1

Males ...................................... 11,537 2,432 1,778 2,267 2,190 1,546 783 314 227

 0 - 2 years ........................... 1,431 48 317 392 339 183 91 37 24

 3 - 5 years ........................... 1,310 28 202 356 329 225 102 39 28

 6 - 8 years ........................... 1,258 21 169 297 329 246 117 44 35

 9 - 11 years ......................... 1,064 15 116 246 275 225 109 46 32

 12 - 14 years ....................... 913 9 123 218 223 170 101 39 30

 15 - 19 years ....................... 1,118 38 191 292 238 181 92 49 37

 20 - 50 years ....................... 2,912 1,269 295 385 421 290 160 55 37

 51+ years ............................ 1,529 1,004 364 81 35 25 12 4 4

 Source: Fiscal Year 2008 Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Quality Control sample.

56
Table A-25. Distribution of Household Heads, All Participants, and Nonelderly Adult Participants by Work Registration Status and

Employment Status

Employment/Work Registration Status

Household Heads All Participants Nonelderly Adult Participants

Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent

Total ................................................................................................ 12,465 100.0 27,791 100.0 11,775 100.0

Work Registration Status

Work Registrant ............................................................................... 2,249 18.0 3,153 11.3 2,983 25.3

 Mandatory E&T Participant ........................................................... 942 7.6 1,243 4.5 1,229 10.4

 Voluntary E&T Participant ............................................................ 46 0.4 64 0.2 62 0.5

 Not E&T Participant ...................................................................... 1,262 10.1 1,846 6.6 1,692 14.4

Exempt ............................................................................................. 9,408 75.5 24,638 88.7 8,792 74.7

 For Disability ................................................................................. 4,155 33.3 5,573 20.1 3,358 28.5

 For Reason Other Than Disability ................................................. 5,253 42.1 19,065 68.6 5,434 46.2

Nonparticipating Household Heada ................................................. 808 6.5 – – – –

SNAP Employment and Training Program Status

Total Participating in SNAP E&T ................................................... 479 3.8 1,838 6.6 627 5.3

 SNAP Job Search or Job Search Training ..................................... 356 2.9 486 1.7 452 3.8

 SNAP E&T Workfare or Work Experience ................................... 71 0.6 85 0.3 82 0.7

 SNAP E&T Work Supplementation .............................................. 20 0.2 24 0.1 24 0.2

 SNAP E&T Education Leading to HS Diploma or GED .............. 4 0.0 1,203 4.3 31 0.3

 SNAP E&T Postsecondary Education Leading to Degree or

Certificate ................................................................................... 18 0.1 25 0.1 24 0.2

 SNAP E&T Remedial Education Not Leading to a Degree .......... 1 0.0 5 0.0 5 0.0

 SNAP E&T Vocational Training ................................................... 8 0.1 10 0.0 10 0.1

Total Participating in Other E&T .................................................... 1,494 12.0 2,760 9.9 1,431 12.2

 Participating in Non-SNAP E&T (Such as TANF) ....................... 1,132 9.1 1,948 7.0 989 8.4

 Other .............................................................................................. 362 2.9 813 2.9 442 3.8

Not Participating in E&T ................................................................. 9,684 77.7 23,193 83.5 9,717 82.5

Nonparticipating Household Heada ................................................. 808 6.5 – – – –

Employment Status

Total Employed ................................................................................ 2,781 22.3 3,535 12.7 3,416 29.0

 Self-Employed, Farming ................................................................ 7 0.1 12 0.0 11 0.1

 Self-Employed, Non-Farming ........................................................ 255 2.0 346 1.2 329 2.8

 Migrant Farm Labor ....................................................................... 0 0.0 3 0.0 3 0.0

 Non-Migrant Farm Labor .............................................................. 2 0.0 3 0.0 3 0.0

 Active Duty Military Service ......................................................... 1 0.0 3 0.0 3 0.0

 Employed by Other ........................................................................ 2,515 20.2 3,167 11.4 3,065 26.0

Unemployed and Looking for Work ................................................ 1,669 13.4 2,256 8.1 2,211 18.8

Not in Labor Force and Not Looking for Work ............................... 7,207 57.8 22,000 79.2 6,148 52.2

Nonparticipating Household Heada ................................................. 808 6.5 – – – –

a Household heads who are not participating with the household. Some household heads in this category are ineligible for the SNAP, or are in separate SNAP

units not included in the SNAP QC sample. This category also includes some households with no adult listed on the file.

– Not Applicable.

 Source: Fiscal Year 2008 Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Quality Control sample.

57
58

Table A-26. Comparison of Participating Households with Key SNAP Household Characteristics for Fiscal Years 1989 to 2008

a

Percentage of Households with:

Time Period

Total 

Households 

(000)

Zero 

Gross 

Income

Zero Net 

Incomeb

Minimum 

Benefit

Elderly 

People Children

Disabled 

People c

AFDC/

TANF Earnings SSI

Any 

Noncitizen

Fiscal Year 1989 7,217 7.1 18.3 7.5 19.3 60.4 9.1 41.9 19.6 20.6 9.8

Fiscal Year 1990 7,811 7.4 19.3 5.0 18.1 60.3 8.9 42.0 19.0 19.6 10.3

Fiscal Year 1991 8,863 8.3 20.5 4.1 16.5 60.4 9.0 40.5 19.8 18.6 11.8

Fiscal Year 1992 10,059 9.6 21.9 3.6 15.4 62.2 9.5 39.5 20.2 18.4 10.4

Fiscal Year 1993 10,791 9.7 23.7 4.0 15.5 62.1 10.7 39.4 20.6 19.4 11.6

Fiscal Year 1994 11,091 10.2 23.8 4.5 15.8 61.1 12.5 38.1 21.4 21.4 10.7

Fiscal Year 1995 10,883 9.7 25.0 4.3 16.0 59.7 18.9 38.3 21.4 22.6 10.7

Fiscal Year 1996 10,552 10.2 24.9 4.5 16.2 59.5 20.2 36.6 22.5 24.1 10.5

Fiscal Year 1997 9,452 9.2 22.7 6.6 17.6 58.3 22.3 34.6 24.2 26.5 8.4

Fiscal Year 1998 8,246 8.8 20.8 8.3 18.2 58.3 24.4 31.4 26.3 28.1 4.3

Fiscal Year 1999 7,670 8.5 20.6 9.7 20.1 55.7 26.4 27.3 26.8 30.2 6.0

Fiscal Year 2000 7,335 8.4 20.1 10.9 21.0 53.9 27.5 25.8 27.2 31.7 6.4

Fiscal Year 2001 7,450 9.4 22.2 11.2 20.4 53.6 27.7 23.1 27.0 31.8 5.4

Fiscal Year 2002 8,201 10.5 24.3 10.7 18.7 54.1 27.0 20.9 28.0 29.5 5.2

Fiscal Year 2003 8,971 11.7 25.8 8.4 18.0 54.7 23.3 17.0 28.2 28.1 5.5

Fiscal Year 2004 10,070 13.0 29.4 6.1 17.3 54.3 22.9 16.1 28.8 26.9 6.2

Fiscal Year 2005 10,854 13.6 29.8 5.3 17.1 53.8 23.1 14.5 29.3 26.5 6.2

Fiscal Year 2006 11,315 14.0 30.8 6.2 17.9 52.2 23.1 13.0 29.7 26.8 6.1

Fiscal Year 2007 11,563 14.4 31.0 6.7 17.9 51.3 23.9 12.1 29.8 27.7 5.7

Fiscal Year 2008 12,465 15.9 33.2 6.7 18.5 50.9 22.6 10.6 29.2 26.3 5.6

a Fiscal year analysis files were not developed for the years before 1989.

b Beginning in 2004, net income is not calculated for MFIP households or SSI-CAP households in Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, South 

Carolina, Texas, and Virginia.

c The substantial increase in 1995 and decrease in 2003 are due in part to the changes in definition of a disabled household. Prior to 1995, disabled households were defined as 

households with SSI but no members over age 59. In 1995, that definition changed to households with at least one member under age 65 who received SSI, or at least one member age 

18 to 61 who received Social Security, Veterans’ benefits, or other government benefits as a result of a disability. Due to changes in the SNAP QC data in 2003, the definition of a 

disabled household changed again to households with either SSI income or a medical expense deduction and without an elderly person, and households containing a nonelderly adult 

who does not appear to be working and who is receiving Social Security, Veterans’ benefits, or Worker’s compensation.

Note: Beginning with 2003, the weighting of the SNAP QC data reflects adjustments to FNS' Program Operations counts of households to account for receipt of benefits in error or 

for disaster assistance. Beginning with 2005, the weighting process was revised so that weighted SNAP QC data match adjusted Program Operations counts of households, 

individuals, and benefit amounts.

Source: Fiscal Year 1989 to 2008 Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Quality Control samples.
59

Table A-27. Comparison of Average Nominal and Real Values of Key SNAP Household Characteristics for Fiscal Years 1989 to 2008

Gross Income

(Dollars)

Net Income

(Dollars)a

Total Deduction 

(Dollars)b

Countable Resources 

(Dollars)

SNAP Benefit

(Dollars)

Gross Income 

as a Percentage 

of Poverty 

Guidelines

(Percent)

Household 

Size

Time Period (Persons)

Nominal 

Value

Real 

Valuec

Nominal

Value

Real

Valuec

Nominal

Value

Real

Valuec

Nominal

Value

Real

Valuec

Nominal

Value

Real

Valued

Fiscal Year 1989 442 696 247 389 216 340 79 124 132 202 60 2.6

Fiscal Year 1990 453 677 251 375 225 336 79 118 150 215 59 2.6

Fiscal Year 1991 464 665 253 363 235 337 78 112 162 226 58 2.6

Fiscal Year 1992 478 665 258 359 250 348 78 109 170 236 57 2.6

Fiscal Year 1993 490 662 258 349 262 354 77 104 170 230 56 2.6

Fiscal Year 1994 507 668 268 353 272 358 81 107 168 221 57 2.5

Fiscal Year 1995 514 659 265 340 283 363 83 106 172 219 56 2.5

Fiscal Year 1996 528 657 275 342 287 357 93 116 174 214 57 2.5

Fiscal Year 1997 558 679 299 364 291 354 92 112 169 203 58 2.4

Fiscal Year 1998 584 700 321 385 294 352 118 141 165 194 60 2.4

Fiscal Year 1999 603 707 338 396 299 351 142 166 162 187 62 2.4

Fiscal Year 2000 620 703 355 403 298 338 156 177 158 179 63 2.3

Fiscal Year 2001 624 688 353 389 311 343 148 163 163 178 62 2.3

Fiscal Year 2002 633 687 355 385 324 352 134 145 173 187 61 2.3

Fiscal Year 2003 640 679 348 369 343 364 154 163 185 196 60 2.3

Fiscal Year 2004 643 665 321 332 381 394 143 148 196 200 59 2.3

Fiscal Year 2005 648 669 319 329 390 403 137 141 209 213 58 2.3

Fiscal Year 2006 673 692 328 337 411 423 137 141 208 217 59 2.3

Fiscal Year 2007 691 718 330 343 430 447 144 150 212 226 60 2.2

Fiscal Year 2008 701 701 335 335 442 442 126 126 222 222 58 2.2

a eginning in 2004, net income is not calculated for MFIP households or SSI-CAP households in Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, South 

Carolina, Texas, and Virginia. 

b

Some of the change in average total deductions and average net income between 2003 and 2004 may be attributable to two changes in the SNAP QC datafile development process. 

First, we revised the way certain deductions are calculated to correct for inconsistencies and data entry errors. Second, given that deductions are not used in their benefit determination, 

SSI-CAP participants in Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, New York, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Texas, and Virginia are excluded from the average total deduction calculation 

beginning in 2004. 

c Real values are in constant 2007 dollars adjusted by changes in the CPI-U for all items.

d Real values are in constant 2007 dollars adjusted by changes in the CPI-U for food at home.

Note: Beginning with 2003, the weighting of the SNAP QC data reflects adjustments to FNS' Program Operations counts of households to account for receipt of benefits in error or for 

disaster assistance. Beginning with 2005, the weighting process was revised so that weighted SNAP QC data match adjusted Program Operations counts of households, 

individuals, and benefit amounts.

Source of CPI-U values: U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Source of nominal values: Fiscal Year 1989 to 2008 Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Quality Control samples.
60

Table A-28. Comparison of Number of SNAP Participants by Gender and Age for Fiscal Years 1989 to 2008

a Total participants may not equal the sum of male and female participants if there are persons whose sex was not coded on the file.

Note: Beginning with 2003, the weighting of the SNAP QC data reflects adjustments to FNS' Program Operations counts of households to account for receipt of benefits in 

error or for disaster assistance. Beginning with 2005, the weighting process was revised so that weighted SNAP QC data match adjusted Program Operations counts of 

households, individuals, and benefit amounts.

Source: Fiscal Year 1989 to 2008 Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Quality Control samples.

Total

Participants

(000)

Female Participants by Age (000) Male Participants by Age (000)

0–17 18–59 60+ Totala0–17 18–59 60+ Totala

Fiscal Year 1989 ....................

Fiscal Year 1990 ....................

Fiscal Year 1991 ....................

Fiscal Year 1992 ....................

Fiscal Year 1993 ....................

Fiscal Year 1994 ....................

Fiscal Year 1995 ....................

Fiscal Year 1996 ....................

Fiscal Year 1997 ....................

18,956

20,440

22,988

25,775

27,595

28,009

26,955

25,926

23,117

4,681

4,998

5,952

6,618

7,080

7,102

6,927

6,573

5,950

5,359

5,802

6,556

7,348

7,855

7,949

7,714

7,427

6,588

1,132

1,139

1,171

1,235

1,334

1,389

1,369

1,354

1,328

11,334

12,169

13,679

15,204

16,276

16,453

16,025

15,373

13,880

4,761

5,141

6,008

6,746

7,131

7,305

6,952

6,639

5,918

2,262

2,442

2,840

3,350

3,643

3,666

3,403

3,355

2,796

429

435

452

468

536

566

554

541

506

7,612

8,265

9,300

10,566

11,316

11,552

10,926

10,549

9,233

Fiscal Year 1998 .................... 19,969 5,258 5,505 1,197 11,967 5,258 2,236 430 7,926

Fiscal Year 1999 .................... 18,149 4,654 5,006 1,217 10,878 4,676 2,066 482 7,226

Fiscal Year 2000 .................... 17,091 4,313 4,667 1,216 10,198 4,451 1,954 485 6,891

Fiscal Year 2001 .................... 17,297 4,404 4,751 1,189 10,347 4,437 2,037 471 6,949

Fiscal Year 2002 .................... 19,041 4,821 5,260 1,187 11,269 4,891 2,375 501 7,769

Fiscal Year 2003..................... 20,934 5,269 5,813 1,243 12,327 5,359 2,700 544 8,605

Fiscal Year 2004 .................... 23,486 5,852 6,643 1,313 13,809 5,944 3,119 605 9,668

Fiscal Year 2005 .................... 24,881 6,228 7,065 1,408 14,701 6,198 3,337 639 10,174

Fiscal Year 2006..................... 25,595 6,211 7,278 1,526 15,014 6,392 3,485 703 10,580

Fiscal Year 2007..................... 25,926 6,238 7,393 1,566 15,197 6,482 3,548 700 10,730

Fiscal Year 2008..................... 27,791 6,702 7,862 1,690 16,254 6,794 3,913 829 11,537
APPENDIX B

DETAILED TABLES OF SNAP HOUSEHOLDS BY STATE

Table B-1. Distribution of Participating Households, Individuals, and Benefits by State

State 

SNAP Households Participants in Households Monthly SNAP Benefits

Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent Dollars

(000)

Percent

Totala ..................................... 12,465 100.0 27,791 100.0 2,772,510 100.0

Alabama ................................. 229 1.8 564 2.0 54,135 2.0

Alaska .................................... 21 0.2 55 0.2 7,596 0.3

Arizona ................................... 255 2.0 617 2.2 63,074 2.3

Arkansas ................................. 154 1.2 370 1.3 34,220 1.2

California ............................... 902 7.2 2,196 7.9 245,537 8.9

Colorado ................................. 108 0.9 251 0.9 26,549 1.0

Connecticut ............................ 117 0.9 216 0.8 22,732 0.8

Delaware ................................ 32 0.3 73 0.3 6,951 0.3

District of Columbia .............. 46 0.4 86 0.3 9,088 0.3

Florida .................................... 743 6.0 1,449 5.2 147,134 5.3

Georgia ................................... 413 3.3 1,009 3.6 104,949 3.8

Guam ...................................... 8 0.1 27 0.1 4,783 0.2

Hawaii .................................... 48 0.4 95 0.3 15,294 0.6

Idaho ...................................... 40 0.3 98 0.4 9,536 0.3

Illinois .................................... 588 4.7 1,283 4.6 139,502 5.0

Indiana .................................... 260 2.1 606 2.2 60,877 2.2

Iowa ........................................ 112 0.9 245 0.9 23,853 0.9

Kansas .................................... 84 0.7 182 0.7 17,103 0.6

Kentucky ................................ 278 2.2 619 2.2 59,810 2.2

Louisiana ................................ 268 2.2 643 2.3 62,703 2.3

Maine ..................................... 84 0.7 166 0.6 15,291 0.6

Maryland ................................ 164 1.3 351 1.3 34,981 1.3

Massachusetts ........................ 265 2.1 502 1.8 47,271 1.7

Michigan ................................ 581 4.7 1,235 4.4 120,050 4.3

Minnesota ............................... 137 1.1 286 1.0 26,492 1.0

Mississippi ............................. 186 1.5 444 1.6 41,088 1.5

Missouri ................................. 309 2.5 874 3.1 65,168 2.4

Montana ................................. 35 0.3 79 0.3 7,736 0.3

Nebraska ................................ 52 0.4 120 0.4 10,620 0.4

Nevada ................................... 66 0.5 142 0.5 13,825 0.5

New Hampshire ..................... 31 0.2 62 0.2 5,788 0.2

New Jersey ............................. 207 1.7 429 1.5 43,090 1.6

New Mexico ........................... 93 0.7 235 0.8 21,553 0.8

New York ............................... 1,017 8.2 1,917 6.9 208,692 7.5

North Carolina ....................... 416 3.3 940 3.4 90,460 3.3

North Dakota .......................... 21 0.2 47 0.2 4,817 0.2

Ohio ........................................ 517 4.1 1,138 4.1 119,631 4.3

Oklahoma ............................... 171 1.4 407 1.5 39,164 1.4

Oregon .................................... 241 1.9 460 1.7 43,162 1.6

Pennsylvania .......................... 554 4.4 1,173 4.2 113,099 4.1

Rhode Island .......................... 41 0.3 83 0.3 8,777 0.3

South Carolina ....................... 250 2.0 577 2.1 56,149 2.0

South Dakota .......................... 26 0.2 63 0.2 6,470 0.2

Tennessee ............................... 401 3.2 889 3.2 89,303 3.2

Texas ...................................... 977 7.8 2,481 8.9 240,315 8.7

Utah ........................................ 53 0.4 131 0.5 12,395 0.4

Vermont ................................. 27 0.2 55 0.2 4,997 0.2

Virgin Islands ......................... 5 0.0 13 0.0 1,886 0.1

Virginia .................................. 240 1.9 533 1.9 49,365 1.8

Washington ............................ 286 2.3 567 2.0 54,749 2.0

West Virginia ......................... 122 1.0 269 1.0 23,927 0.9

Wisconsin ............................... 177 1.4 413 1.5 34,592 1.2

Wyoming ................................ 9 0.1 22 0.1 2,179 0.1

a Due to rounding, the sum of individual categories may not match the table total.

 Source: Fiscal Year 2008 Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Quality Control sample.

63
Table B-2. Average Values of Selected Characteristics by State

State 

Average Values

Gross

Countable

Income

(Dollars)

Net

Countable

Income

(Dollars)a

Total

Deduction

(Dollars)b

Countable

Resources

(Dollars)

SNAP

Benefit

(Dollars)

Household

Size

(Persons)

Certification

Period

(Months)

Total ...................................... 701 335 442 126 222 2.2 12.0

Alabama ................................. 699 383 382 27 236 2.5 11.8

Alaska .................................... 863 483 542 154 358 2.6 6.8

Arizona ................................... 697 330 458 71 247 2.4 7.1

Arkansas ................................. 673 400 329 173 222 2.4 14.4

California ............................... 591 247 446 96 272 2.4 12.0

Colorado ................................. 642 285 454 144 245 2.3 11.5

Connecticut ............................ 652 268 482 114 194 1.8 12.8

Delaware ................................ 824 384 500 0 218 2.3 7.2

District of Columbia .............. 429 258 239 7 198 1.9 11.1

Florida .................................... 619 289 396 191 198 2.0 11.0

Georgia ................................... 667 308 424 71 254 2.4 7.6

Guam ...................................... 598 237 475 99 610 3.4 8.4

Hawaii .................................... 783 457 375 187 317 2.0 11.6

Idaho ...................................... 754 363 490 153 238 2.5 10.0

Illinois .................................... 598 255 422 102 237 2.2 11.5

Indiana .................................... 692 332 443 193 234 2.3 7.9

Iowa ........................................ 714 345 451 287 214 2.2 11.7

Kansas .................................... 719 365 420 171 204 2.2 13.1

Kentucky ................................ 658 355 363 185 215 2.2 12.3

Louisiana ................................ 688 358 391 76 234 2.4 14.9

Maine ..................................... 838 368 522 425 183 2.0 11.9

Maryland ................................ 672 328 424 42 213 2.1 7.8

Massachusetts ........................ 830 342 562 226 179 1.9 14.8

Michigan ................................ 780 353 515 215 206 2.1 14.1

Minnesota ............................... 626 417 307 69 193 2.1 11.8

Mississippi ............................. 672 390 350 90 221 2.4 10.8

Missouri ................................. 1015 617 428 142 211 2.8 11.8

Montana ................................. 699 344 438 221 222 2.3 15.1

Nebraska ................................ 776 428 426 199 205 2.3 8.5

Nevada ................................... 680 338 424 66 210 2.1 8.1

New Hampshire ..................... 811 360 544 180 189 2.0 7.6

New Jersey ............................. 715 310 455 24 208 2.1 8.9

New Mexico ........................... 759 422 395 73 231 2.5 9.8

New York ............................... 765 257 605 73 205 1.9 18.6

North Carolina ....................... 683 356 423 92 218 2.3 8.6

North Dakota .......................... 818 309 592 0 226 2.2 11.9

Ohio ........................................ 648 285 449 110 232 2.2 7.7

Oklahoma ............................... 672 371 379 259 229 2.4 15.2

Oregon .................................... 714 364 433 8 179 1.9 11.2

Pennsylvania .......................... 744 340 477 191 204 2.1 16.6

Rhode Island .......................... 723 272 513 22 215 2.0 12.1

South Carolina ....................... 642 358 341 0 225 2.3 11.6

South Dakota .......................... 721 312 518 231 248 2.4 14.5

Tennessee ............................... 635 327 377 123 223 2.2 8.1

Texas ...................................... 737 385 421 194 246 2.5 12.4

Utah ........................................ 729 391 419 159 235 2.5 7.2

Vermont ................................. 911 377 595 275 185 2.0 9.4

Virgin Islands ......................... 612 351 296 172 378 2.7 7.6

Virginia .................................. 686 380 365 138 206 2.2 13.4

Washington ............................ 683 330 425 2 191 2.0 13.5

West Virginia ......................... 720 411 373 199 197 2.2 13.3

Wisconsin ............................... 873 498 450 0 195 2.3 11.8

Wyoming ................................ 720 357 462 210 232 2.4 6.5

a Because net income is not used in their benefit determination, 28,146 MFIP households and 190,841 SSI-CAP households in Kentucky,

Louisiana, Mississippi, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Texas, and Virginia are excluded from this category.

b Because deductions are not used in their benefit determination, 190,841 SSI-CAP households in Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, New

York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Texas, and Virginia are excluded from this column.

 Source: Fiscal Year 2008 Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Quality Control sample.

64
Table B-3. Distribution of Participating Households by Poverty Status and by State

State Number

(000)

Gross Countable Income as a Percentage of the Poverty Guideline

50% or Less 51% - 100% 101% or More

Number

(000)

Row Percent Number

(000)

Row Percent Number

(000)

Row Percent

Totala ..................................... 12,465 5,079 40.7 5,741 46.1 1,646 13.2

Alabama ................................. 229 92 40.2 113 49.4 24 10.4

Alaska .................................... 21 11 50.7 8 36.5 3 12.8

Arizona ................................... 255 122 47.9 92 36.2 40 15.9

Arkansas ................................. 154 65 42.5 75 48.6 14 8.9

California ............................... 902 550 61.0 294 32.6 58 6.5

Colorado ................................. 108 47 43.1 49 45.6 12 11.3

Connecticut ............................ 117 48 41.1 52 44.7 17 14.2

Delaware ................................ 32 12 38.0 12 39.1 7 22.9

District of Columbia .............. 46 31 67.2 13 27.4 2 5.4

Florida .................................... 743 308 41.4 359 48.4 75 10.2

Georgia ................................... 413 182 44.1 182 44.1 49 11.8

Guam ...................................... 8 5 64.6 2 28.0 1 7.4

Hawaii .................................... 48 19 38.7 25 52.2 4 9.1

Idaho ...................................... 40 15 37.0 21 51.5 5 11.5

Illinois .................................... 588 284 48.2 238 40.5 67 11.3

Indiana .................................... 260 110 42.5 111 42.8 38 14.7

Iowa ........................................ 112 44 39.1 50 45.0 18 15.9

Kansas .................................... 84 32 37.6 41 48.7 11 13.7

Kentucky ................................ 278 107 38.4 150 54.0 21 7.6

Louisiana ................................ 268 107 40.0 131 48.8 30 11.2

Maine ..................................... 84 21 25.0 44 53.2 18 21.9

Maryland ................................ 164 73 44.5 68 41.3 23 14.3

Massachusetts ........................ 265 73 27.5 145 54.7 47 17.7

Michigan ................................ 581 219 37.7 238 40.9 124 21.4

Minnesota ............................... 137 60 43.5 61 44.3 17 12.3

Mississippi ............................. 186 77 41.3 93 50.0 16 8.6

Missouri ................................. 309 76 24.6 161 51.9 73 23.5

Montana ................................. 35 13 38.2 17 47.8 5 14.0

Nebraska ................................ 52 18 34.7 25 48.0 9 17.3

Nevada ................................... 66 26 40.0 31 46.9 9 13.1

New Hampshire ..................... 31 7 24.1 17 57.0 6 18.9

New Jersey ............................. 207 80 38.8 102 49.5 24 11.6

New Mexico ........................... 93 38 40.6 45 48.6 10 10.8

New York ............................... 1,017 300 29.4 555 54.5 163 16.1

North Carolina ....................... 416 171 41.0 197 47.4 48 11.5

North Dakota .......................... 21 7 32.6 9 42.4 5 25.0

Ohio ........................................ 517 216 41.8 242 46.9 58 11.3

Oklahoma ............................... 171 70 41.1 81 47.2 20 11.7

Oregon .................................... 241 97 40.4 94 39.1 49 20.5

Pennsylvania .......................... 554 185 33.4 294 53.1 75 13.5

Rhode Island .......................... 41 15 35.5 21 51.7 5 12.7

South Carolina ....................... 250 115 46.0 110 44.0 25 10.0

South Dakota .......................... 26 11 40.5 11 43.5 4 16.0

Tennessee ............................... 401 178 44.4 173 43.3 49 12.3

Texas ...................................... 977 400 41.0 447 45.8 129 13.2

Utah ........................................ 53 22 41.8 24 45.3 7 12.9

Vermont ................................. 27 5 20.0 14 53.2 7 26.8

Virgin Islands ......................... 5 3 65.2 1 25.2 0 9.6

Virginia .................................. 240 90 37.6 123 51.2 27 11.2

Washington ............................ 286 120 41.9 130 45.2 37 12.9

West Virginia ......................... 122 41 33.4 68 55.7 13 10.9

Wisconsin ............................... 177 58 32.6 75 42.4 44 25.0

Wyoming ................................ 9 4 38.2 5 49.5 1 12.3

a Due to rounding, the sum of individual categories may not match the table total.

 Source: Fiscal Year 2008 Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Quality Control sample.

65
Table B-4. Distribution of Participating Households by Shelter-Related Characteristics and by State

State 

Households With Shelter

Deduction

Households at the Shelter

Cap

Average

Monthly

Shelter

Expense

(Dollars)

Average

Monthly

Shelter

Expense

Among

Households

With

Expense

(Dollars)

Average

Shelter

Deductiona

(Dollars)

Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent

Totalb ..................................... 8,857 71.1 1,958 15.7 507 610 319

Alabama ................................. 155 67.7 15 6.4 393 474 237

Alaska .................................... 12 58.2 2 9.7 489 612 378

Arizona ................................... 177 69.6 48 18.8 499 631 319

Arkansas ................................. 86 56.1 8 5.0 340 453 208

California ............................... 720 79.8 268 29.7 546 633 316

Colorado ................................. 84 77.2 22 19.8 534 617 328

Connecticut ............................ 87 74.3 22 18.8 596 730 408

Delaware ................................ 23 72.3 7 20.8 572 714 344

District of Columbia .............. 16 35.7 2 4.8 213 395 233

Florida .................................... 538 72.4 84 11.2 459 571 290

Georgia ................................... 285 69.0 49 11.9 448 585 287

Guam ...................................... 4 50.6 0 2.4 186 264 168

Hawaii .................................... 24 50.2 2 3.3 332 433 234

Idaho ...................................... 32 79.2 7 18.7 545 629 308

Illinois .................................... 405 68.8 72 12.2 449 604 317

Indiana .................................... 185 71.2 46 17.9 518 630 332

Iowa ........................................ 87 77.5 21 18.9 520 599 304

Kansas .................................... 63 75.3 11 13.6 476 547 274

Kentucky ................................ 187 67.3 15 5.4 389 473 248

Louisiana ................................ 168 62.6 23 8.7 400 524 256

Maine ..................................... 70 84.2 15 18.0 672 749 368

Maryland ................................ 115 70.3 23 14.0 488 606 299

Massachusetts ........................ 234 88.4 56 21.1 769 824 417

Michigan ................................ 422 72.5 134 23.1 622 769 392

Minnesota ............................... 71 51.7 8 5.9 332 499 247

Mississippi ............................. 89 48.0 10 5.5 338 441 230

Missouri ................................. 200 64.8 23 7.4 488 547 222

Montana ................................. 25 70.5 5 15.6 487 575 319

Nebraska ................................ 38 74.3 7 12.8 483 524 269

Nevada ................................... 50 75.2 9 14.3 501 601 293

New Hampshire ..................... 26 84.4 8 25.8 742 774 408

New Jersey ............................. 157 76.0 36 17.3 555 646 349

New Mexico ........................... 61 64.9 10 10.6 416 492 257

New York ............................... 858 84.4 294 28.9 765 796 470

North Carolina ....................... 288 69.4 55 13.2 457 548 279

North Dakota .......................... 17 80.2 6 28.1 648 707 399

Ohio ........................................ 374 72.3 96 18.6 509 616 346

Oklahoma ............................... 119 69.5 18 10.7 420 508 253

Oregon .................................... 169 70.2 34 14.1 493 627 300

Pennsylvania .......................... 451 81.5 98 17.7 605 667 352

Rhode Island .......................... 31 76.5 8 19.6 675 768 439

South Carolina ....................... 138 55.4 16 6.3 337 460 226

South Dakota .......................... 19 73.1 7 28.5 607 724 395

Tennessee ............................... 256 63.8 43 10.7 410 544 276

Texas ...................................... 588 60.2 91 9.3 412 504 255

Utah ........................................ 35 67.0 8 16.0 469 565 276

Vermont ................................. 23 86.3 7 26.4 794 836 429

Virgin Islands ......................... 2 47.8 0 6.4 218 280 149

Virginia .................................. 155 64.4 24 10.2 400 484 238

Washington ............................ 222 77.3 44 15.2 508 594 299

West Virginia ......................... 86 70.4 10 8.2 428 485 244

Wisconsin ............................... 122 68.9 28 15.9 536 634 290

Wyoming ................................ 7 73.5 2 18.4 511 598 318

a Over households with a shelter deduction.

b Due to rounding, the sum of individual categories may not match the table total.

 Source: Fiscal Year 2008 Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Quality Control sample.

66
Table B-5. Distribution of Participating Households by Household Composition and by State

State 

Households With:

Children Elderly Individuals Disabled Nonelderly

Individualsa

Single Adults with

Children

Nonelderly,

Nondisabled, Childless

Adultsb

Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent

Totalc ..................................... 6,341 50.9 2,312 18.5 2,821 22.6 3,876 31.1 976 7.8

Alabama ................................. 139 60.9 29 12.6 67 29.2 107 46.5 21 9.2

Alaska .................................... 11 51.3 3 14.6 3 15.7 7 30.7 4 18.3

Arizona ................................... 153 59.9 27 10.7 41 16.2 76 30.0 21 8.2

Arkansas ................................. 82 53.3 23 15.1 38 25.0 54 35.3 40 25.8

California ............................... 667 73.9 45 5.0 13 1.5 282 31.3 77 8.6

Colorado ................................. 59 54.2 20 18.2 23 21.4 38 34.6 5 4.2

Connecticut ............................ 43 36.6 23 19.5 31 26.9 33 27.9 17 14.2

Delaware ................................ 19 58.9 4 11.0 7 21.8 14 44.0 1 4.6

District of Columbia .............. 17 36.7 7 15.3 8 17.4 13 27.9 12 26.3

Florida .................................... 296 39.9 217 29.2 154 20.7 154 20.7 72 9.7

Georgia ................................... 232 56.2 69 16.7 81 19.7 167 40.4 33 7.9

Guam ...................................... 6 79.6 1 10.8 0 3.6 3 35.7 0 0.3

Hawaii .................................... 18 37.3 12 24.4 11 23.3 11 22.3 2 4.6

Idaho ...................................... 22 56.0 5 13.1 11 26.7 12 29.7 2 5.4

Illinois .................................... 284 48.3 89 15.2 132 22.4 189 32.1 108 18.4

Indiana .................................... 138 53.2 39 15.2 71 27.3 89 34.3 20 7.8

Iowa ........................................ 54 48.4 14 12.5 27 24.1 33 30.0 1 0.7

Kansas .................................... 38 44.9 12 14.8 23 28.0 24 28.5 6 6.7

Kentucky ................................ 134 48.4 55 19.6 97 34.9 77 27.8 28 10.1

Louisiana ................................ 148 55.0 53 19.8 62 23.2 116 43.4 40 14.9

Maine ..................................... 34 41.1 18 20.9 27 32.3 20 23.5 9 10.8

Maryland ................................ 77 47.2 28 16.8 39 23.7 60 36.4 5 3.3

Massachusetts ........................ 105 39.6 65 24.7 93 35.0 76 28.7 12 4.7

Michigan ................................ 251 43.1 91 15.7 137 23.6 161 27.7 2 0.4

Minnesota ............................... 65 47.3 22 15.8 36 26.5 37 26.6 6 4.1

Mississippi ............................. 96 51.9 32 17.0 48 25.9 64 34.7 19 10.4

Missouri ................................. 193 62.5 51 16.4 86 27.8 110 35.4 21 6.8

Montana ................................. 17 48.9 6 15.8 9 26.9 10 29.0 3 9.1

Nebraska ................................ 26 51.1 9 16.9 12 23.7 17 33.4 3 5.6

Nevada ................................... 31 46.6 14 20.7 16 24.9 19 28.8 2 3.4

New Hampshire ..................... 14 45.6 6 20.7 12 37.8 10 32.0 1 2.5

New Jersey ............................. 97 46.7 51 24.5 46 22.2 61 29.3 7 3.3

New Mexico ........................... 55 59.2 14 14.5 21 22.6 34 36.0 6 6.6

New York ............................... 397 39.0 300 29.5 268 26.4 237 23.3 36 3.5

North Carolina ....................... 214 51.5 84 20.2 85 20.5 138 33.3 34 8.1

North Dakota .......................... 11 50.4 4 16.5 5 24.0 7 34.7 1 7.0

Ohio ........................................ 256 49.5 81 15.6 144 27.8 168 32.5 40 7.8

Oklahoma ............................... 88 51.3 28 16.3 48 27.8 56 32.9 7 4.0

Oregon .................................... 94 39.3 44 18.2 48 20.0 51 21.4 49 20.3

Pennsylvania .......................... 241 43.5 102 18.5 192 34.7 160 28.9 39 7.1

Rhode Island .......................... 19 45.5 8 19.6 13 32.5 14 33.2 1 3.4

South Carolina ....................... 130 52.3 49 19.8 46 18.3 91 36.4 28 11.1

South Dakota .......................... 13 50.2 5 18.0 6 21.7 8 32.0 3 10.2

Tennessee ............................... 198 49.4 82 20.4 83 20.7 121 30.1 45 11.3

Texas ...................................... 618 63.2 221 22.6 163 16.7 369 37.8 27 2.7

Utah ........................................ 30 56.5 7 13.2 10 18.7 17 32.7 3 5.0

Vermont ................................. 11 42.5 6 22.9 9 31.7 7 25.9 1 4.4

Virgin Islands ......................... 3 64.3 1 23.2 0 4.9 2 46.5 0 1.2

Virginia .................................. 123 51.4 47 19.6 62 25.7 84 35.2 14 5.9

Washington ............................ 113 39.6 49 17.1 70 24.4 67 23.3 30 10.6

West Virginia ......................... 57 46.8 20 16.2 44 35.9 32 26.0 9 7.4

Wisconsin ............................... 98 55.1 23 12.8 39 22.1 66 37.4 1 0.8

Wyoming ................................ 5 57.3 1 13.3 2 24.9 4 39.2 1 6.5

a Due to changes in the SNAP QC data, the definition of disabled changed in 2003. Beginning with the 2003 report, we are only able to identify

households that contain a disabled person. In previous reports, we had additional information that helped to identify which household member was

disabled.

b These participants, age 18-49, are subject to work registration and, with some exceptions (for example, those in waiver areas or receiving state

exemptions), must meet work requirements or face time limits on benefit receipt.

c Due to rounding, the sum of individual categories may not match the table total.

 Source: Fiscal Year 2008 Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Quality Control sample.

67
Table B-6. Distribution of Participating Households by Selected Countable Income Sources and by State

State 

Households With Countable:

TANFa GA SSI Social Security Earned Income

Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent

Totalb ..................................... 1,321 10.6 639 5.1 3,278 26.3 3,064 24.6 3,640 29.2

Alabama ................................. 18 8.0 – – 68 29.7 55 24.1 71 31.0

Alaska .................................... 3 14.6 4 20.0 3 14.2 4 18.4 7 32.7

Arizona ................................... 33 12.8 – – 38 14.8 43 16.9 104 40.9

Arkansas ................................. 6 4.0 0 0.3 39 25.7 43 28.1 45 29.5

California ............................... 368 40.8 67 7.4 – – 53 5.9 290 32.1

Colorado ................................. 1 0.9 20 18.4 24 22.3 27 24.5 33 30.5

Connecticut ............................ 14 12.1 16 13.4 34 28.9 31 26.6 23 20.1

Delaware ................................ 3 10.8 3 8.6 5 16.5 7 22.1 12 36.8

District of Columbia .............. 12 27.0 3 5.6 9 18.8 7 15.6 4 8.2

Florida .................................... 30 4.0 4 0.5 227 30.5 212 28.6 159 21.3

Georgia ................................... 20 4.8 0 0.1 92 22.4 91 22.2 143 34.7

Guam ...................................... 1 13.0 1 6.6 0 0.6 1 10.1 3 40.7

Hawaii .................................... 6 13.4 6 12.2 16 32.2 11 23.4 13 27.2

Idaho ...................................... 1 2.4 7 16.8 11 26.6 9 23.0 15 37.6

Illinois .................................... 18 3.1 31 5.3 148 25.2 117 19.9 167 28.4

Indiana .................................... 41 15.6 – – 64 24.7 71 27.2 77 29.7

Iowa ........................................ 12 11.1 0 0.2 27 23.8 28 25.1 43 38.3

Kansas .................................... 11 12.6 5 5.6 21 24.8 24 28.1 27 31.9

Kentucky ................................ 25 9.0 0 0.0 108 38.8 89 32.0 62 22.1

Louisiana ................................ 7 2.6 2 0.8 84 31.2 72 26.8 82 30.7

Maine ..................................... 13 15.2 25 29.5 23 27.6 32 38.0 23 27.4

Maryland ................................ 15 9.3 11 6.4 42 25.4 38 23.1 40 24.6

Massachusetts ........................ 42 16.0 9 3.5 119 45.1 86 32.4 47 17.8

Michigan ................................ 69 11.9 8 1.4 120 20.6 155 26.7 196 33.7

Minnesota ............................... – – 14 10.1 40 29.4 32 22.9 33 24.2

Mississippi ............................. 9 5.1 0 0.1 59 31.7 51 27.4 53 28.5

Missouri ................................. 32 10.2 1 0.2 80 25.9 84 27.2 131 42.5

Montana ................................. 3 8.0 0 0.2 9 26.3 9 27.1 11 30.5

Nebraska ................................ 6 12.2 4 7.1 12 22.3 15 29.3 18 35.4

Nevada ................................... 6 8.6 0 0.5 18 27.4 18 27.9 17 25.5

New Hampshire ..................... 4 11.4 6 19.9 9 29.2 13 41.0 7 23.1

New Jersey ............................. 34 16.7 33 16.0 64 30.8 49 23.7 42 20.4

New Mexico ........................... 14 15.5 2 1.6 22 23.2 21 22.6 36 38.3

New York ............................... 61 6.0 159 15.7 400 39.3 296 29.1 231 22.7

North Carolina ....................... 17 4.1 3 0.6 103 24.7 118 28.5 126 30.4

North Dakota .......................... 2 7.7 0 1.4 4 20.8 6 30.1 9 40.9

Ohio ........................................ 59 11.4 19 3.7 149 28.8 125 24.3 134 26.0

Oklahoma ............................... 4 2.3 46 26.9 48 28.1 47 27.5 49 28.8

Oregon .................................... 16 6.6 22 9.2 49 20.2 60 25.1 78 32.3

Pennsylvania .......................... 76 13.8 52 9.3 208 37.6 163 29.4 121 21.9

Rhode Island .......................... 10 25.4 1 2.1 15 36.0 12 29.1 7 17.2

South Carolina ....................... 17 6.8 – – 57 22.7 59 23.8 77 30.9

South Dakota .......................... 2 5.8 0 0.2 6 21.9 8 29.8 9 34.7

Tennessee ............................... 43 10.7 – – 82 20.6 113 28.2 112 27.9

Texas ...................................... 49 5.0 – – 274 28.1 229 23.4 377 38.6

Utah ........................................ 3 5.6 1 2.4 10 19.4 11 21.7 19 36.6

Vermont ................................. 5 17.0 2 8.4 8 28.0 11 41.3 8 30.9

Virgin Islands ......................... 0 6.8 1 13.3 – – 1 21.1 2 35.7

Virginia .................................. 26 10.7 3 1.2 71 29.7 66 27.5 68 28.4

Washington ............................ 33 11.6 47 16.3 82 28.6 61 21.5 67 23.4

West Virginia ......................... 8 6.6 – – 45 37.0 33 27.4 32 26.2

Wisconsin ............................... 11 6.3 2 1.3 32 17.9 41 23.2 75 42.3

Wyoming ................................ 0 2.5 0 1.1 2 24.5 3 26.7 3 35.6

a This does not include households receiving a noncash benefit or a noncountable cash benefit (e.g. households participating in Minnesota’s Family

Investment Program).)

b Due to rounding, the sum of individual categories may not match the table total.

– No sample data in this category.

 Source: Fiscal Year 2008 Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Quality Control sample.

68
Table B-7. Average Values of Selected Countable Income Sources by State

State 

Average Countable Valuesa

TANFb GA SSI Social Security Earned Income

Total ...................................... 391 216 497 672 950

Alabama ................................. 200 – 515 640 985

Alaska .................................... 627 296 494 717 1,127

Arizona ................................... 264 – 492 690 1,025

Arkansas ................................. 167 176 427 649 976

California ............................... 566 255 – 692 753

Colorado ................................. 253 202 478 710 828

Connecticut ............................ 458 222 475 678 892

Delaware ................................ 264 123 524 733 1,162

District of Columbia .............. 407 269 522 638 902

Florida .................................... 309 367 504 646 909

Georgia ................................... 205 80 460 674 926

Guam ...................................... 269 171 357 573 1,012

Hawaii .................................... 514 385 502 683 1,117

Idaho ...................................... 292 57 467 627 1,031

Illinois .................................... 270 116 558 680 870

Indiana .................................... 205 – 488 690 894

Iowa ........................................ 327 361 449 694 791

Kansas .................................... 313 156 460 667 955

Kentucky ................................ 255 900 489 633 816

Louisiana ................................ 207 277 450 605 971

Maine ..................................... 402 16 428 735 1,065

Maryland ................................ 463 186 482 680 1,096

Massachusetts ........................ 470 284 524 672 1,123

Michigan ................................ 387 225 483 751 1,003

Minnesota ............................... – 230 492 676 976

Mississippi ............................. 143 390 440 622 973

Missouri ................................. 254 385 536 752 1,309

Montana ................................. 390 281 456 646 966

Nebraska ................................ 328 131 457 691 959

Nevada ................................... 323 385 498 703 1,012

New Hampshire ..................... 460 165 451 714 973

New Jersey ............................. 330 187 552 665 1,018

New Mexico ........................... 364 264 511 676 987

New York ............................... 455 342 546 678 898

North Carolina ....................... 252 271 423 662 973

North Dakota .......................... 299 371 421 697 951

Ohio ........................................ 359 115 502 667 879

Oklahoma ............................... 231 41 440 651 961

Oregon .................................... 362 61 483 744 987

Pennsylvania .......................... 340 196 540 665 961

Rhode Island .......................... 447 172 530 681 961

South Carolina ....................... 184 – 477 654 856

South Dakota .......................... 365 404 392 669 946

Tennessee ............................... 165 – 509 707 889

Texas ...................................... 165 – 435 603 996

Utah ........................................ 347 252 423 665 1,035

Vermont ................................. 528 98 460 716 1,066

Virgin Islands ......................... 306 171 – 600 971

Virginia .................................. 289 206 442 659 934

Washington ............................ 433 205 513 636 997

West Virginia ......................... 291 – 521 663 984

Wisconsin ............................... 504 413 568 782 1,037

Wyoming ................................ 350 260 404 632 959

a Average values are over households with income source.

b This does not include households receiving a noncash benefit or a noncountable cash benefit (e.g. households participating in Minnesota’s

Family Investment Program).)

– No sample data in this category.

 Source: Fiscal Year 2008 Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Quality Control sample.

69
Table B-8. Distribution of Participating Households by Earnings-Related Characteristics and by State

State 

Households with Earnings Average Earned Income Deduction

(Dollars)

Number

(000)

Percent Average Earnings

(Dollars) All Householdsa Households with

Deduction

Total ...................................... 3,640 29.2 950 57 190

Alabama ................................. 71 31.0 985 61 197

Alaska .................................... 7 32.7 1,127 74 225

Arizona ................................... 104 40.9 1,025 84 205

Arkansas ................................. 45 29.5 976 57 195

California ............................... 290 32.1 753 48 151

Colorado ................................. 33 30.5 828 50 165

Connecticut ............................ 23 20.1 892 36 178

Delaware ................................ 12 36.8 1,162 85 232

District of Columbia .............. 4 8.2 902 15 180

Florida .................................... 159 21.3 909 42 181

Georgia ................................... 143 34.7 926 64 185

Guam ...................................... 3 40.7 1,012 82 202

Hawaii .................................... 13 27.2 1,117 61 223

Idaho ...................................... 15 37.6 1,031 77 206

Illinois .................................... 167 28.4 870 49 175

Indiana .................................... 77 29.7 894 53 179

Iowa ........................................ 43 38.3 791 60 158

Kansas .................................... 27 31.9 955 61 191

Kentucky ................................ 62 22.1 816 38 163

Louisiana ................................ 82 30.7 971 61 194

Maine ..................................... 23 27.4 1,065 58 214

Maryland ................................ 40 24.6 1,096 54 219

Massachusetts ........................ 47 17.8 1,123 41 226

Michigan ................................ 196 33.7 1,003 67 201

Minnesota ............................... 33 24.2 976 54 224

Mississippi ............................. 53 28.5 973 63 194

Missouri ................................. 131 42.5 1,309 111 261

Montana ................................. 11 30.5 966 59 195

Nebraska ................................ 18 35.4 959 68 191

Nevada ................................... 17 25.5 1,012 52 202

New Hampshire ..................... 7 23.1 973 45 194

New Jersey ............................. 42 20.4 1,018 41 203

New Mexico ........................... 36 38.3 987 75 197

New York ............................... 231 22.7 898 42 180

North Carolina ....................... 126 30.4 973 62 194

North Dakota .......................... 9 40.9 951 78 191

Ohio ........................................ 134 26.0 879 46 177

Oklahoma ............................... 49 28.8 961 55 193

Oregon .................................... 78 32.3 987 64 197

Pennsylvania .......................... 121 21.9 961 42 192

Rhode Island .......................... 7 17.2 961 33 192

South Carolina ....................... 77 30.9 856 54 171

South Dakota .......................... 9 34.7 946 66 189

Tennessee ............................... 112 27.9 889 50 177

Texas ...................................... 377 38.6 996 84 200

Utah ........................................ 19 36.6 1,035 76 207

Vermont ................................. 8 30.9 1,066 66 213

Virgin Islands ......................... 2 35.7 971 69 194

Virginia .................................. 68 28.4 934 54 186

Washington ............................ 67 23.4 997 54 199

West Virginia ......................... 32 26.2 984 52 196

Wisconsin ............................... 75 42.3 1,037 88 207

Wyoming ................................ 3 35.6 959 68 192

a Because the earnings deduction is not used in their benefit determination, 292,582 SSI-CAP households in Florida, Kentucky, Louisiana,

Massachusetts, Mississippi, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Texas, Virginia, and Washington are excluded from this

column.

 Source: Fiscal Year 2008 Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Quality Control sample.

70
Table B-9. Distribution of Entrant Households With and Without Expedited Service by State

State 

Total Entrant

Households

(000)

Entrant Households Eligible For

and Receiving Expedited Service

Entrant Households Eligible For

But Not Receiving Expedited

Service

Entrant Households Not Eligible

For Expedited Service

Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent

Totala ..................................... 621 283 45.6 39 6.4 298 48.0

Alabama ................................. 12 4 30.8 1 8.5 7 60.7

Alaska .................................... 1 1 42.0 0 4.2 1 53.9

Arizona ................................... 15 9 59.5 1 4.3 5 36.2

Arkansas ................................. 9 3 28.5 2 17.6 5 53.9

California ............................... 45 22 48.3 6 12.2 18 39.6

Colorado ................................. 4 2 49.4 0 7.2 2 43.5

Connecticut ............................ 6 3 52.8 0 5.8 2 41.4

Delaware ................................ 2 1 48.2 0 26.3 0 25.5

District of Columbia .............. 3 2 68.2 – – 1 31.8

Florida .................................... 30 15 49.3 2 7.4 13 43.4

Georgia ................................... 29 7 24.4 2 7.4 20 68.1

Guam ...................................... 0 0 30.5 0 17.6 0 52.0

Hawaii .................................... 1 1 39.2 0 11.9 1 48.9

Idaho ...................................... 2 1 56.4 0 3.3 1 40.3

Illinois .................................... 27 10 37.7 1 3.0 16 59.2

Indiana .................................... 12 6 47.7 1 10.8 5 41.5

Iowa ........................................ 8 4 51.0 0 3.0 4 46.0

Kansas .................................... 3 1 45.1 0 8.8 1 46.2

Kentucky ................................ 14 6 40.5 1 4.3 8 55.2

Louisiana ................................ 18 6 36.3 1 6.5 10 57.2

Maine ..................................... 3 2 54.1 – – 1 45.9

Maryland ................................ 12 7 60.0 0 3.5 4 36.5

Massachusetts ........................ 15 7 47.3 0 1.4 8 51.2

Michigan ................................ 21 10 46.6 4 20.7 7 32.7

Minnesota ............................... 7 3 41.4 0 4.5 4 54.1

Mississippi ............................. 4 2 45.4 1 15.9 2 38.7

Missouri ................................. 14 5 34.1 0 1.2 9 64.7

Montana ................................. 2 2 73.7 – – 1 26.3

Nebraska ................................ 4 2 42.1 0 5.6 2 52.3

Nevada ................................... 4 3 70.3 0 4.5 1 25.1

New Hampshire ..................... 2 1 50.9 0 3.8 1 45.3

New Jersey ............................. 9 4 45.6 0 5.5 4 49.0

New Mexico ........................... 8 3 43.8 0 2.1 4 54.1

New York ............................... 45 28 63.1 – – 16 36.9

North Carolina ....................... 23 13 55.1 0 1.9 10 43.0

North Dakota .......................... 1 0 55.9 0 2.9 0 41.2

Ohio ........................................ 25 13 50.7 2 8.8 10 40.5

Oklahoma ............................... 10 5 46.8 1 5.0 5 48.2

Oregon .................................... 9 4 44.0 0 2.5 5 53.5

Pennsylvania .......................... 23 13 55.8 2 7.0 9 37.2

Rhode Island .......................... 2 0 29.3 0 7.2 1 63.5

South Carolina ....................... 12 5 40.3 1 5.3 6 54.4

South Dakota .......................... 2 1 40.1 – – 1 59.9

Tennessee ............................... 19 10 52.1 2 11.9 7 35.9

Texas ...................................... 62 19 31.6 3 5.3 39 63.1

Utah ........................................ 3 3 82.2 0 5.3 0 12.6

Vermont ................................. 1 0 38.9 0 2.2 1 58.9

Virgin Islands ......................... 0 0 22.3 0 9.6 0 68.1

Virginia .................................. 10 5 49.3 1 6.7 4 44.0

Washington ............................ 16 8 49.3 1 4.3 8 46.4

West Virginia ......................... 5 1 22.8 0 3.1 4 74.2

Wisconsin ............................... 7 3 37.3 0 5.2 4 57.5

Wyoming ................................ 1 0 47.2 0 2.9 0 49.9

a Due to rounding, the sum of individual categories may not match the table total.

– No sample data in this category.

 Source: Fiscal Year 2008 Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Quality Control sample.

71
Table B-10. Distribution of Participating Households by Race/Ethnic Origin of Household Head and by State

State 

Race/Ethnic Origina of Household Head

White African-American Hispanic Otherb Missing/Unknownc

Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent

Totald ..................................... 4,083 32.8 2,590 20.8 1,116 9.0 779 6.3 3897 31.3

Alabama ................................. 41 17.8 110 47.8 1 0.5 22 9.4 56 24.5

Alaska .................................... – – 9 41.7 – – 1 5.8 11 52.5

Arizona ................................... 100 39.3 17 6.7 70 27.6 29 11.2 39 15.1

Arkansas ................................. 74 47.9 49 31.9 2 1.6 1 0.9 27 17.7

California ............................... 184 20.4 143 15.9 237 26.3 44 4.9 294 32.6

Colorado ................................. 17 15.4 4 3.6 4 3.9 2 1.6 82 75.5

Connecticut ............................ 26 22.5 21 17.6 21 18.2 16 13.4 33 28.3

Delaware ................................ 2 7.2 2 5.4 0 0.8 – – 28 86.5

District of Columbia .............. 0 0.2 – – 0 0.3 1 2.2 45 97.4

Florida .................................... – – 1 0.1 – – 235 31.6 508 68.3

Georgia ................................... 125 30.4 266 64.4 4 0.9 5 1.2 13 3.1

Guam ...................................... – – 0 0.3 – – 6 81.7 1 18.0

Hawaii .................................... 8 17.3 1 1.5 2 3.2 32 66.8 5 11.2

Idaho ...................................... 34 83.9 0 0.5 3 7.1 1 1.6 3 6.8

Illinois .................................... – – – – – – 70 12.0 518 88.0

Indiana .................................... 161 62.2 70 27.1 9 3.5 4 1.4 15 5.7

Iowa ........................................ 59 52.4 8 7.4 1 1.0 2 1.6 42 37.6

Kansas .................................... 55 65.9 15 18.0 3 3.0 3 3.6 8 9.6

Kentucky ................................ 222 79.8 42 15.3 2 0.6 2 0.6 10 3.7

Louisiana ................................ 87 32.5 162 60.4 1 0.5 3 1.0 15 5.7

Maine ..................................... 77 92.5 1 1.7 0 0.3 2 2.8 2 2.7

Maryland ................................ 5 3.0 9 5.6 1 0.5 8 4.6 142 86.3

Massachusetts ........................ 112 42.4 30 11.4 2 0.9 12 4.6 107 40.6

Michigan ................................ 149 25.7 134 23.1 8 1.4 8 1.4 282 48.5

Minnesota ............................... 74 54.2 36 26.6 4 3.2 17 12.3 5 3.8

Mississippi ............................. – – 0 0.1 – – 1 0.5 185 99.4

Missouri ................................. 206 66.6 92 29.6 1 0.5 1 0.5 9 2.9

Montana ................................. 20 58.3 2 6.3 0 0.9 6 18.4 6 16.0

Nebraska ................................ 34 66.3 9 17.5 2 4.3 3 5.7 3 6.3

Nevada ................................... 30 45.8 15 22.2 10 15.5 5 7.8 6 8.7

New Hampshire ..................... 23 76.4 1 3.7 1 3.5 1 2.9 4 13.5

New Jersey ............................. 59 28.6 69 33.4 48 23.4 8 4.0 22 10.6

New Mexico ........................... 23 24.8 2 2.5 47 49.9 13 13.5 9 9.4

New York ............................... 364 35.8 284 27.9 227 22.3 69 6.8 74 7.2

North Carolina ....................... 171 41.1 196 47.2 6 1.4 13 3.2 30 7.2

North Dakota .......................... 14 64.9 1 4.3 0 0.4 5 23.2 2 7.2

Ohio ........................................ – – 0 0.0 – – 9 1.7 508 98.3

Oklahoma ............................... 109 64.0 29 17.1 7 4.3 21 12.1 4 2.4

Oregon .................................... 177 73.4 11 4.4 2 0.8 16 6.6 36 14.8

Pennsylvania .......................... 285 51.4 161 29.1 51 9.1 13 2.3 45 8.1

Rhode Island .......................... – – – – – – 12 28.6 29 71.4

South Carolina ....................... 72 29.0 128 51.2 28 11.4 2 0.7 19 7.8

South Dakota .......................... – – 10 38.7 – – 0 1.1 16 60.2

Tennessee ............................... 199 49.6 80 19.8 2 0.4 4 0.9 117 29.2

Texas ...................................... 194 19.8 176 18.1 293 30.0 14 1.4 300 30.7

Utah ........................................ 34 64.3 2 3.7 4 7.7 4 7.7 9 16.7

Vermont ................................. 14 52.9 0 0.8 0 0.1 1 2.7 12 43.5

Virgin Islands ......................... 0 3.2 3 69.4 1 23.1 0 1.1 0 3.2

Virginia .................................. 109 45.4 113 47.1 3 1.1 7 2.9 8 3.5

Washington ............................ 114 39.8 15 5.4 4 1.3 19 6.6 134 46.9

West Virginia ......................... 111 91.4 7 6.1 0 0.1 1 0.5 2 1.9

Wisconsin ............................... 98 55.2 51 28.9 1 0.6 8 4.5 19 10.9

Wyoming ................................ 7 76.0 0 2.9 1 7.2 1 9.1 0 4.8

a New codes to allow reporting of multiple races were implemented beginning in April 2007. We have grouped the new codes together to form general race and

ethnicity categories. Reporting of race and ethnicity is voluntary under the new format and was missing for 26 percent of participants in FY 2008. Because of these

changes, FY 2008 race and ethnicity distributions are not comparable to distributions for years prior to FY 2007.

b Other includes household heads that are Asian, Native American, or who reported multiple races that do not fit into previous categories.

c Missing/Unknown includes household heads for which racial/ethnic information was not recorded on the application, is not available because the application was

not found, or is unknown, and households with no household head and no adult listed on the file.

d Due to rounding, the sum of individual categories may not match the table total.

– No sample data in this category.

 Source: Fiscal Year 2008 Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Quality Control sample.

72
Table B-11. Distribution of Participants by Age and by State

State 

Preschool

Age Child

School Age

Child

Total

Children

Nonelderly

Adult

Elderly

Adult

People in Nonelderly,

Nondisabled, Childless

Households

Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent

Totala ..................................... 4,656 16.8 8,840 31.8 13,496 48.6 11,775 42.4 2,519 9.1 2,385 8.6

Alabama ................................. 87 15.5 204 36.2 292 51.7 242 42.9 30 5.3 37 6.6

Alaska .................................... 8 15.3 18 33.4 27 48.6 25 45.3 3 6.1 7 12.0

Arizona ................................... 122 19.7 220 35.6 342 55.4 244 39.6 31 5.1 58 9.4

Arkansas ................................. 57 15.5 120 32.5 177 48.0 168 45.4 25 6.7 33 8.8

California ............................... 453 20.6 938 42.7 1,391 63.3 755 34.4 51 2.3 204 9.3

Colorado ................................. 46 18.2 84 33.6 130 51.8 99 39.7 21 8.5 18 7.2

Connecticut ............................ 29 13.3 56 25.9 85 39.2 106 49.3 25 11.5 31 14.4

Delaware ................................ 15 20.9 23 30.9 38 51.7 32 43.2 4 5.0 6 8.2

District of Columbia .............. 11 13.1 24 28.2 36 41.3 43 50.4 7 8.3 18 21.0

Florida .................................... 230 15.9 410 28.3 640 44.2 565 39.0 244 16.9 137 9.5

Georgia ................................... 169 16.7 348 34.5 517 51.2 419 41.5 74 7.3 77 7.7

Guam ...................................... 6 23.9 11 41.1 17 65.0 8 31.4 1 3.6 1 2.6

Hawaii .................................... 14 15.0 24 25.7 39 40.7 43 44.9 14 14.4 11 11.7

Idaho ...................................... 20 20.6 31 31.8 52 52.4 41 41.9 6 5.6 6 5.6

Illinois .................................... 214 16.7 391 30.5 605 47.2 580 45.2 98 7.6 153 11.9

Indiana .................................... 99 16.4 198 32.7 298 49.1 267 44.2 41 6.7 46 7.6

Iowa ........................................ 40 16.3 72 29.3 112 45.6 118 48.2 15 6.3 28 11.5

Kansas .................................... 30 16.5 55 30.2 85 46.6 84 46.2 13 7.2 17 9.5

Kentucky ................................ 83 13.4 174 28.2 258 41.6 301 48.7 60 9.7 47 7.5

Louisiana ................................ 110 17.2 213 33.1 323 50.2 264 41.0 56 8.8 45 7.0

Maine ..................................... 21 12.6 43 26.0 64 38.6 83 50.2 19 11.2 13 7.9

Maryland ................................ 59 16.7 100 28.6 159 45.3 161 45.9 31 8.8 38 10.9

Massachusetts ........................ 65 12.9 143 28.5 208 41.4 224 44.5 71 14.1 34 6.8

Michigan ................................ 171 13.9 355 28.7 526 42.6 611 49.4 98 7.9 171 13.9

Minnesota ............................... 48 16.7 92 32.1 140 48.8 123 42.9 24 8.3 24 8.4

Mississippi ............................. 73 16.4 145 32.6 218 49.0 194 43.6 33 7.3 38 8.5

Missouri ................................. 161 18.4 299 34.2 460 52.6 359 41.0 56 6.4 32 3.7

Montana ................................. 14 17.7 21 26.6 35 44.4 38 48.3 6 7.3 7 8.8

Nebraska ................................ 25 20.9 35 29.0 60 50.0 51 42.5 9 7.5 9 7.1

Nevada ................................... 26 18.4 43 30.5 69 48.9 58 40.8 15 10.3 10 7.3

New Hampshire ..................... 10 15.8 16 26.1 26 41.9 29 47.1 7 11.0 3 5.0

New Jersey ............................. 70 16.3 137 31.8 206 48.1 167 38.9 56 13.0 39 9.1

New Mexico ........................... 42 17.9 81 34.4 123 52.3 98 41.6 14 6.0 15 6.2

New York ............................... 255 13.3 524 27.3 779 40.7 798 41.6 338 17.7 169 8.8

North Carolina ....................... 163 17.3 296 31.5 459 48.9 393 41.8 88 9.4 78 8.3

North Dakota .......................... 8 17.4 14 29.2 22 46.6 21 45.2 4 8.1 4 8.1

Ohio ........................................ 181 15.9 343 30.1 524 46.0 530 46.5 85 7.5 95 8.3

Oklahoma ............................... 71 17.5 122 30.1 194 47.6 183 45.0 30 7.4 28 6.9

Oregon .................................... 64 13.9 121 26.4 185 40.3 226 49.2 48 10.5 72 15.7

Pennsylvania .......................... 170 14.5 332 28.3 502 42.8 561 47.8 110 9.4 105 9.0

Rhode Island .......................... 13 16.0 25 30.1 38 46.0 36 43.6 9 10.4 5 6.6

South Carolina ....................... 91 15.8 180 31.2 271 47.0 255 44.1 51 8.8 60 10.3

South Dakota .......................... 12 19.8 18 29.2 31 49.1 27 42.5 5 8.4 5 7.2

Tennessee ............................... 132 14.9 262 29.4 394 44.3 407 45.8 88 9.9 90 10.1

Texas ...................................... 539 21.7 873 35.2 1,412 56.9 834 33.6 235 9.5 75 3.0

Utah ........................................ 26 19.7 44 33.8 70 53.5 53 40.1 8 6.4 9 6.8

Vermont ................................. 8 15.4 13 23.5 21 38.9 27 48.9 7 12.1 4 7.0

Virgin Islands ......................... 2 16.6 5 37.5 7 54.1 5 35.8 1 10.0 1 6.4

Virginia .................................. 92 17.3 163 30.5 255 47.8 226 42.4 52 9.8 34 6.4

Washington ............................ 84 14.8 163 28.8 247 43.5 264 46.6 56 9.8 76 13.4

West Virginia ......................... 35 12.8 74 27.5 109 40.4 139 51.8 21 7.9 20 7.5

Wisconsin ............................... 73 17.7 134 32.5 208 50.2 181 43.8 24 5.9 39 9.5

Wyoming ................................ 4 20.0 7 30.7 11 50.7 10 43.5 1 5.8 1 6.5

a Due to rounding, the sum of individual categories may not match the table total.

 Source: Fiscal Year 2008 Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Quality Control sample.

73
Table B-12. Distribution of Participants by Citizenship Status and by State

State 

All Participants U. S. Born Citizen Naturalized

Citizen Refugee Other Noncitizen

Citizen Children

Living with a

Noncitizena

Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent

Total ...................................... 27,791 100.0 25,996 100.0 827 100.0 203 100.0 765 100.0 2,072 100.0

Alabama ................................. 564 2.0 561 2.2 1 0.1 1 0.4 2 0.2 7 0.3

Alaska .................................... 55 0.2 52 0.2 1 0.1 1 0.4 0 0.0 1 0.1

Arizona ................................... 617 2.2 572 2.2 10 1.3 8 4.0 26 3.5 114 5.5

Arkansas ................................. 370 1.3 367 1.4 1 0.1 0 0.1 1 0.2 7 0.4

California ............................... 2,196 7.9 1,957 7.5 82 10.0 40 19.7 117 15.2 649 31.3

Colorado ................................. 251 0.9 236 0.9 5 0.6 5 2.4 5 0.6 19 0.9

Connecticut ............................ 216 0.8 202 0.8 5 0.7 0 0.2 8 1.0 7 0.4

Delaware ................................ 73 0.3 72 0.3 1 0.1 – – 0 0.1 2 0.1

District of Columbia .............. 86 0.3 82 0.3 2 0.2 0 0.2 2 0.2 2 0.1

Florida .................................... 1,449 5.2 1,191 4.6 128 15.5 19 9.1 111 14.6 118 5.7

Georgia ................................... 1,009 3.6 986 3.8 11 1.3 3 1.7 9 1.2 34 1.6

Guam ...................................... 27 0.1 25 0.1 1 0.2 – – 1 0.1 5 0.3

Hawaii .................................... 95 0.3 83 0.3 7 0.9 0 0.1 5 0.7 6 0.3

Idaho ...................................... 98 0.4 95 0.4 1 0.1 1 0.4 1 0.2 6 0.3

Illinois .................................... 1,283 4.6 1,218 4.7 44 5.3 3 1.4 18 2.4 79 3.8

Indiana .................................... 606 2.2 593 2.3 4 0.5 6 2.9 3 0.4 16 0.8

Iowa ........................................ 245 0.9 237 0.9 3 0.3 3 1.7 2 0.3 8 0.4

Kansas .................................... 182 0.7 177 0.7 2 0.3 0 0.1 3 0.4 9 0.4

Kentucky ................................ 619 2.2 615 2.4 2 0.2 1 0.7 1 0.2 10 0.5

Louisiana ................................ 643 2.3 641 2.5 1 0.1 – – 2 0.2 7 0.3

Maine ..................................... 166 0.6 161 0.6 3 0.3 3 1.2 1 0.1 3 0.1

Maryland ................................ 351 1.3 328 1.3 13 1.5 3 1.5 7 1.0 5 0.2

Massachusetts ........................ 502 1.8 443 1.7 32 3.8 3 1.6 25 3.3 22 1.1

Michigan ................................ 1,235 4.4 1,205 4.6 18 2.1 7 3.3 6 0.7 16 0.8

Minnesota ............................... 286 1.0 238 0.9 16 1.9 24 11.6 8 1.1 11 0.5

Mississippi ............................. 444 1.6 442 1.7 2 0.2 – – 1 0.1 2 0.1

Missouri ................................. 874 3.1 868 3.3 2 0.3 4 2.1 – – 13 0.6

Montana ................................. 79 0.3 78 0.3 0 0.0 – – 0 0.1 0 0.0

Nebraska ................................ 120 0.4 116 0.4 1 0.1 1 0.6 2 0.2 5 0.3

Nevada ................................... 142 0.5 129 0.5 5 0.5 1 0.3 7 1.0 16 0.8

New Hampshire ..................... 62 0.2 59 0.2 1 0.1 1 0.5 1 0.2 2 0.1

New Jersey ............................. 429 1.5 374 1.4 25 3.1 2 0.9 28 3.6 42 2.0

New Mexico ........................... 235 0.8 224 0.9 3 0.3 1 0.3 8 1.1 21 1.0

New York ............................... 1,917 6.9 1,537 5.9 232 28.1 7 3.4 141 18.4 156 7.5

North Carolina ....................... 940 3.4 925 3.6 4 0.5 4 1.9 6 0.8 50 2.4

North Dakota .......................... 47 0.2 46 0.2 0 0.0 1 0.5 0 0.0 1 0.0

Ohio ........................................ 1,138 4.1 1,123 4.3 8 1.0 3 1.5 4 0.6 6 0.3

Oklahoma ............................... 407 1.5 402 1.5 2 0.2 0 0.2 3 0.4 10 0.5

Oregon .................................... 460 1.7 432 1.7 9 1.1 3 1.3 16 2.1 37 1.8

Pennsylvania .......................... 1,173 4.2 1,134 4.4 17 2.0 8 4.0 14 1.9 19 0.9

Rhode Island .......................... 83 0.3 72 0.3 5 0.6 1 0.6 5 0.7 8 0.4

South Carolina ....................... 577 2.1 576 2.2 1 0.1 – – 0 0.1 8 0.4

South Dakota .......................... 63 0.2 61 0.2 0 0.0 1 0.6 – – 1 0.0

Tennessee ............................... 889 3.2 878 3.4 4 0.4 3 1.4 5 0.6 23 1.1

Texas ...................................... 2,481 8.9 2,290 8.8 69 8.4 8 3.9 114 14.9 386 18.7

Utah ........................................ 131 0.5 125 0.5 2 0.2 2 0.9 3 0.4 13 0.6

Vermont ................................. 55 0.2 53 0.2 1 0.2 1 0.3 0 0.0 0 0.0

Virgin Islands ......................... 13 0.0 11 0.0 1 0.1 0 0.0 1 0.1 1 0.1

Virginia .................................. 533 1.9 508 2.0 12 1.5 5 2.3 9 1.1 15 0.7

Washington ............................ 567 2.0 507 1.9 25 3.0 12 6.0 23 3.0 52 2.5

West Virginia ......................... 269 1.0 269 1.0 1 0.1 – – 0 0.0 0 0.0

Wisconsin ............................... 413 1.5 400 1.5 3 0.4 4 1.9 6 0.8 20 0.9

Wyoming ................................ 22 0.1 22 0.1 0 0.0 – – 0 0.0 0 0.0

a Noncitizens may be inside or outside the SNAP unit.

– No sample data in this category.

 Source: Fiscal Year 2008 Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Quality Control sample.

74
Table B-13. Distribution of Noncitizen Participants by Age and by State

State Total

Children Nonelderly Adult Elderly Adult

Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent

Total ...................................... 968 189 19.6 518 53.5 261 27.0

Alabama ................................. 3 1 54.7 1 45.3 – –

Alaska .................................... 1 0 24.4 1 60.8 0 14.8

Arizona ................................... 35 7 19.7 22 63.1 6 17.1

Arkansas ................................. 2 0 11.1 1 69.2 0 19.7

California ............................... 157 31 19.9 110 70.0 16 10.2

Colorado ................................. 9 4 44.3 4 37.0 2 18.7

Connecticut ............................ 8 1 6.3 4 46.2 4 47.5

Delaware ................................ 0 0 33.5 0 38.9 0 27.6

District of Columbia .............. 2 0 21.7 1 45.3 1 32.9

Florida .................................... 130 13 9.9 60 46.0 57 44.1

Georgia ................................... 12 1 9.5 7 60.5 4 30.1

Guam ...................................... 1 0 7.7 0 57.9 0 34.4

Hawaii .................................... 5 1 15.6 2 38.1 3 46.3

Idaho ...................................... 2 1 23.0 1 52.1 1 24.9

Illinois .................................... 21 3 14.4 14 66.3 4 19.3

Indiana .................................... 9 3 30.8 5 58.7 1 10.5

Iowa ........................................ 6 3 44.4 2 37.4 1 18.2

Kansas .................................... 3 0 6.8 1 48.4 1 44.8

Kentucky ................................ 3 1 20.0 2 59.9 1 20.1

Louisiana ................................ 2 – – 1 71.3 1 28.7

Maine ..................................... 3 2 46.9 1 44.3 0 8.8

Maryland ................................ 11 3 24.2 4 41.1 4 34.7

Massachusetts ........................ 28 8 28.3 12 42.5 8 29.3

Michigan ................................ 12 2 18.0 9 69.9 2 12.2

Minnesota ............................... 32 16 51.1 12 38.8 3 10.1

Mississippi ............................. 1 0 22.7 0 77.3 – –

Missouri ................................. 4 0 3.1 4 96.9 – –

Montana ................................. 0 0 34.2 0 37.5 0 28.3

Nebraska ................................ 3 1 36.8 2 59.6 0 3.6

Nevada ................................... 8 0 5.5 4 54.0 3 40.5

New Hampshire ..................... 2 0 19.2 1 60.0 0 20.7

New Jersey ............................. 30 6 18.9 12 40.5 12 40.6

New Mexico ........................... 9 0 4.9 6 66.9 2 28.3

New York ............................... 148 27 18.0 68 46.3 53 35.7

North Carolina ....................... 10 1 8.3 8 77.5 1 14.2

North Dakota .......................... 1 0 36.4 1 53.4 0 10.2

Ohio ........................................ 7 4 47.8 3 39.3 1 12.9

Oklahoma ............................... 3 0 4.9 2 55.7 1 39.3

Oregon .................................... 18 5 25.3 11 59.1 3 15.6

Pennsylvania .......................... 23 7 31.3 12 51.8 4 16.9

Rhode Island .......................... 7 2 24.3 4 57.6 1 18.1

South Carolina ....................... 0 – – 0 100.0 – –

South Dakota .......................... 1 1 47.0 0 33.0 0 20.0

Tennessee ............................... 8 2 27.8 5 62.6 1 9.6

Texas ...................................... 122 13 10.7 68 55.8 41 33.5

Utah ........................................ 5 1 16.1 2 50.3 2 33.6

Vermont ................................. 1 0 33.3 0 34.8 0 31.9

Virgin Islands ......................... 1 0 15.8 1 69.8 0 14.4

Virginia .................................. 13 6 42.6 4 29.6 4 27.8

Washington ............................ 35 9 25.4 16 45.5 10 29.1

West Virginia ......................... 0 – – 0 100.0 – –

Wisconsin ............................... 10 4 40.1 4 43.2 2 16.7

Wyoming ................................ 0 – – 0 69.9 0 30.1

– No sample data in this category.

 Source: Fiscal Year 2008 Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Quality Control sample.

75
Table B-14: Distribution of Participating Households by Use of Standard Utility Allowance and by State

State Number

(000)

Standard Utility Allowance (SUA) - Usage and Entitlementa

Households with

Heating/Cooling SUA

Households with Another

SUA 

Households with No SUA 

 

Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent

Totalb ..................................... 12,465 7,587 60.9 1,111 8.9 3,548 28.5

Alabama ................................. 229 170 74.4 4 1.7 55 24.0

Alaska .................................... 21 8 38.9 7 31.2 6 29.9

Arizona ................................... 255 156 61.4 15 6.0 83 32.6

Arkansas ................................. 154 96 62.2 3 2.1 55 35.8

California ............................... 902 519 57.5 43 4.8 340 37.7

Colorado ................................. 108 25 22.6 11 9.8 73 67.6

Connecticut ............................ 117 66 56.4 11 9.3 40 34.3

Delaware ................................ 32 21 65.0 1 3.2 10 31.8

District of Columbia .............. 46 11 24.3 5 10.4 30 65.3

Florida .................................... 743 408 54.9 88 11.9 247 33.2

Georgia ................................... 413 278 67.3 13 3.3 122 29.5

Guam ...................................... 8 0 0.3 4 50.6 4 49.1

Hawaii .................................... 48 – – 24 49.3 24 50.7

Idaho ...................................... 40 1 1.3 0 0.9 39 97.8

Illinois .................................... 588 318 54.0 45 7.7 225 38.3

Indiana .................................... 260 145 55.8 3 1.1 112 43.1

Iowa ........................................ 112 78 70.0 9 8.2 24 21.9

Kansas .................................... 84 60 71.0 7 8.7 17 20.3

Kentucky ................................ 278 198 71.2 6 2.3 61 21.8

Louisiana ................................ 268 171 63.7 12 4.4 79 29.5

Maine ..................................... 84 57 67.8 13 15.7 14 16.5

Maryland ................................ 164 81 49.1 18 10.8 66 40.0

Massachusetts ........................ 265 175 66.2 60 22.6 30 11.2

Michigan ................................ 581 340 58.5 67 11.5 174 29.9

Minnesota ............................... 137 53 38.7 15 11.2 41 29.6

Mississippi ............................. 186 104 55.9 4 2.4 55 29.6

Missouri ................................. 309 244 78.9 11 3.5 54 17.6

Montana ................................. 35 21 60.4 3 9.6 10 30.0

Nebraska ................................ 52 36 69.4 5 9.2 11 21.4

Nevada ................................... 66 40 59.9 1 2.2 25 37.9

New Hampshire ..................... 31 21 67.7 6 21.2 3 11.2

New Jersey ............................. 207 120 58.3 19 9.3 67 32.4

New Mexico ........................... 93 60 64.6 5 5.9 28 29.5

New York ............................... 1,017 710 69.8 208 20.4 70 6.9

North Carolina ....................... 416 300 72.3 7 1.6 87 20.9

North Dakota .......................... 21 16 73.6 3 12.8 3 13.6

Ohio ........................................ 517 327 63.2 28 5.5 162 31.3

Oklahoma ............................... 171 121 70.6 8 4.6 42 24.9

Oregon .................................... 241 158 65.7 12 5.1 70 29.2

Pennsylvania .......................... 554 354 63.9 77 13.9 123 22.2

Rhode Island .......................... 41 23 55.7 2 5.5 16 38.8

South Carolina ....................... 250 143 57.2 1 0.6 98 39.4

South Dakota .......................... 26 17 66.7 2 6.3 7 27.0

Tennessee ............................... 401 237 59.1 21 5.3 143 35.7

Texas ...................................... 977 562 57.5 82 8.4 245 25.1

Utah ........................................ 53 34 64.5 4 8.4 14 27.1

Vermont ................................. 27 20 73.9 4 15.2 3 10.9

Virgin Islands ......................... 5 – – 0 2.8 5 97.2

Virginia .................................. 240 132 54.8 25 10.6 80 33.5

Washington ............................ 286 154 53.8 55 19.2 77 27.0

West Virginia ......................... 122 87 71.6 1 0.9 34 27.6

Wisconsin ............................... 177 109 61.5 28 15.6 41 22.9

Wyoming ................................ 9 6 66.6 1 7.3 2 26.1

a Because deductions are not used in their benefit determination, 28,146 MFIP households and 190,841 SSI-CAP households in

Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Texas, and Virginia are excluded from

this category.

b Due to rounding, the sum of individual categories may not match the table total.

– No sample data in this category.

 Source: Fiscal Year 2008 Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Quality Control sample.

76
Table B-15. Distribution of Participating Categorically Eligible Households by Public Assistance Status and by

State

State 

Total SNAP

Households

(000)

Categorically Eligible Households

Total Households Pure Cash PA Householdsa Other Categorically Eligible

Households

Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent

Totalb ..................................... 12,465 7,148 57.3 3,773 30.3 3,375 27.1

Alabama ................................. 229 55 24.2 50 21.7 6 2.5

Alaska .................................... 21 6 29.8 6 26.9 1 2.9

Arizona ................................... 255 255 99.9 51 20.1 203 79.8

Arkansas ................................. 154 33 21.2 28 18.5 4 2.7

California ............................... 902 506 56.1 405 44.9 101 11.2

Colorado ................................. 108 33 30.0 26 24.1 6 6.0

Connecticut ............................ 117 49 41.5 46 38.9 3 2.6

Delaware ................................ 32 32 100.0 8 25.9 24 74.1

District of Columbia .............. 46 20 42.8 18 39.2 2 3.6

Florida .................................... 743 211 28.5 204 27.5 7 0.9

Georgia ................................... 413 281 68.1 74 17.9 207 50.1

Guam ...................................... 8 1 18.9 1 15.9 0 3.0

Hawaii .................................... 48 25 51.2 23 47.0 2 4.2

Idaho ...................................... 40 9 22.4 9 22.3 0 0.1

Illinois .................................... 588 125 21.2 113 19.2 12 2.0

Indiana .................................... 260 84 32.2 76 29.4 7 2.8

Iowa ........................................ 112 32 28.2 29 25.8 3 2.4

Kansas .................................... 84 33 38.9 30 36.1 2 2.8

Kentucky ................................ 278 94 33.7 82 29.5 12 4.2

Louisiana ................................ 268 62 23.1 58 21.5 4 1.7

Maine ..................................... 84 54 64.7 30 36.0 24 28.7

Maryland ................................ 164 120 72.9 49 29.6 71 43.3

Massachusetts ........................ 265 236 89.1 137 51.9 98 37.2

Michigan ................................ 581 581 100.0 141 24.3 440 75.7

Minnesota ............................... 137 137 100.0 47 34.1 91 65.9

Mississippi ............................. 186 48 25.9 46 24.8 2 1.1

Missouri ................................. 309 100 32.3 68 22.0 32 10.2

Montana ................................. 35 10 28.9 9 25.5 1 3.4

Nebraska ................................ 52 18 34.1 15 28.6 3 5.5

Nevada ................................... 66 21 31.9 18 28.0 3 3.9

New Hampshire ..................... 31 12 38.4 11 34.7 1 3.7

New Jersey ............................. 207 111 53.8 103 50.0 8 3.8

New Mexico ........................... 93 31 33.5 29 31.1 2 2.4

New York ............................... 1,017 903 88.8 444 43.7 459 45.1

North Carolina ....................... 416 95 22.8 84 20.3 10 2.5

North Dakota .......................... 21 21 100.0 5 22.0 17 78.0

Ohio ........................................ 517 179 34.7 172 33.2 8 1.5

Oklahoma ............................... 171 43 24.9 42 24.4 1 0.5

Oregon .................................... 241 241 100.0 51 21.3 189 78.7

Pennsylvania .......................... 554 263 47.6 250 45.1 13 2.4

Rhode Island .......................... 41 22 52.6 21 51.0 1 1.6

South Carolina ....................... 250 249 99.9 47 18.6 203 81.3

South Dakota .......................... 26 8 30.3 5 19.0 3 11.3

Tennessee ............................... 401 108 26.9 90 22.4 18 4.4

Texas ...................................... 977 977 100.0 244 25.0 733 75.0

Utah ........................................ 53 18 34.3 12 22.6 6 11.7

Vermont ................................. 27 16 57.6 10 37.6 5 20.0

Virgin Islands ......................... 5 1 20.2 1 19.1 0 1.0

Virginia .................................. 240 79 32.9 75 31.3 4 1.6

Washington ............................ 286 285 99.5 117 41.0 167 58.5

West Virginia ......................... 122 39 32.0 35 28.9 4 3.1

Wisconsin ............................... 177 177 100.0 26 14.4 152 85.6

Wyoming ................................ 9 2 21.9 2 20.3 0 1.7

a Pure cash PA households are those in which every member 1) received SSI income, or 2) was covered by a cash TANF benefit, or

3) received either SSI income, GA income, or was covered by a cash TANF benefit.

b Due to rounding, the sum of individual categories may not match the table total.

 Source: Fiscal Year 2008 Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Quality Control sample.

77

APPENDIX C

FISCAL YEAR 2008 SNAP PARAMETERS AND MAXIMUM BENEFIT AMOUNTS

Table C-1. Fiscal Year 2007 HHS Poverty Income Guidelinesa

Household Size

Continental

United States,

Guam, and the

Virgin Islands Alaska Hawaii

1 $10,210 $12,770 $11,750

2 13,690 17,120 15,750

3 17,170 21,470 19,750

4 20,650 25,820 23,750

5 24,130 30,170 27,750

6 27,610 34,520 31,750

7 31,090 38,870 35,750

8 34,570 43,220 39,750

Each Additional Member +3,480 +4,350 +4,000

a These numbers, which provide the basis for the fiscal year 2008 SNAP gross and 

net monthly income eligibility standards, were issued by HHS. The Bureau of the 

Census establishes different poverty thresholds that are used primarily for statistical 

purposes.

Source: 72 Federal Register 15, January 24, 2007.
Table C-2. SNAP Maximum Allowable Gross Monthly Income Eligibility 

Standards in Fiscal Year 2008a

Household Size

Continental

United States,

Guam, and the

Virgin Islands Alaska Hawaii

1 $1,107 $1,384 $1,273

2 1,484 1,855 1,707

3 1,861 2,326 2,140

4 2,238 2,798 2,573

5 2,615 3,269 3,007

6 2,992 3,740 3,440

7 3,369 4,211 3,873

8 3,746 4,683 4,307

Each Additional Member +377 +472 +434

a The fiscal year 2008 SNAP gross monthly income limits were based on the 

2007 poverty guidelines issued by HHS (see Table C-1.) FNS derived the 

fiscal year 2008 gross income limits by multiplying the 2007 poverty 

guidelines by 130 percent, dividing the results by 12 and then rounding up to 

the nearest dollar. The 2007 poverty guidelines were developed on the basis 

of the 2006 Census poverty thresholds; therefore, the gross income limits 

applied to SNAP households in fiscal year 2008 were based on 2006 poverty 

measures. 

Source: U.S. Department of Agriculture.
Table C-3. SNAP Maximum Allowable Net Monthly Income Eligibility 

Standards in Fiscal Year 2008a

Household Size Continental

United States,

Guam, and the

Virgin Islands

Alaska Hawaii

1 $851 $1065 $980

2 1,141 1,427 1,313

3 1,431 1,790 1,646

4 1,721 2,152 1,980

5 2,011 2,515 2,313

6 2,301 2,877 2,646

7 2,591 3,240 2,980

8 2,881 3,602 3,313

Each Additional Member +290 +363 +334

a The fiscal year 2008 SNAP net monthly income limits were based on the 

2007 poverty guidelines issued by HHS (see Table C-1.) FNS derived the 

fiscal year 2008 net income limits by dividing the 2007 poverty guidelines 

by 12 and rounding up to the nearest dollar. The 2007 poverty guidelines 

were developed on the basis of the 2006 Census poverty thresholds; 

accordingly, the net income limits applied to SNAP households in fiscal 

year 2008 were based on 2006 poverty measures.

Source: U.S. Department of Agriculture.
Table C-4. Value of Standard, Maximum Dependent-Care, and Excess Shelter Expense Deductions 

in the Continental United States and Outlying Areas in Fiscal Year 2008

Deduction

Continental 

United 

States Alaska Hawaii Guam

Virgin 

Islands

Standard Deduction

1–2 people $134 $229 $189 $269 $118

3 people 134 229 189 269 119

4 people 143 229 189 286 143

5 people 167 229 192 334 167

6 or more people 191 239 220 382 191

Maximum Excess 

Shelter Expense 

Deduction

431 689 581 506 340

Source: U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Notes: The Homeless Household Shelter Estimate was $143.
Table C-5. Value of Maximum Monthly SNAP Benefit in the Continental United States and 

Outlying Areas in Fiscal Year 2008

a, b

Household

Size

Continental 

United 

States

Alaska 

Urban

Alaska 

Rural I

Alaska 

Rural II Hawaii Guam

Virgin 

Islands

1 $162 $194 $248 $301 $258 $239 $209

2 298 356 454 553 473 439 383

3 426 510 651 792 678 629 548

4 542 648 826 1,006 861 799 697

5 643 770 981 1,195 1,022 948 827

6 772 924 1,178 1,434 1,227 1,138 993

7 853 1,021 1,302 1,585 1,356 1,258 1,097

8 975 1,167 1,488 1,811 1,549 1,438 1,254

Each Additional 

Member +122 +146 +186 +226 +194 +180 +157

a The maximum benefit values were effective from October 1, 2007 to September 30, 2008 and 

were based on 100 percent of the cost of the Thrifty Food Plan in the preceding June for a reference 

family of four, rounded to the lowest dollar increment.

b Due to the unusual nature of Alaska’s terrain and climate, areas outside major urban centers are 

less accessible to food distributors. Therefore, the value of the maximum benefit was adjusted to 

account for differences in the estimated cost of the Thrifty Food Plan in various regions of the 

State. All regions of Alaska were classified as Rural I, Rural II, or Urban for this purpose. 

Source: U.S. Department of Agriculture.

APPENDIX D

SOURCE AND RELIABILITY OF ESTIMATES

SOURCE AND RELIABILITY OF ESTIMATES

The estimates in this report are derived from a sample of households selected for review as 

part of the SNAP Quality Control System (SNAP QC), an ongoing review of SNAP household 

circumstances. The system is designed to determine (1) if households are eligible to participate 

and are receiving the correct benefit amount or (2) if household participation is correctly denied 

or terminated. It is based on State samples (from the 50 States, the District of Columbia, Guam, 

and the U.S. Virgin Islands) of approximately 58,000 participating SNAP households and a 

somewhat smaller number of denials and terminations. The State samples of participating units 

are stratified by month. Annual required State samples range from a minimum of 300 to 2,400 

reviews, depending on the size of the State’s caseload. Each month, State agencies select an 

independent sample that is generally proportional to the size of the monthly participating 

caseload. 

Target Universe

The target universe of this study is all participating households (active cases) subject to 

quality control review in the 50 States, the District of Columbia, Guam, and the U.S. Virgin 

Islands.1

While almost all participating SNAP households are included in the target universe, certain 

types of households not amenable to review are excluded. Specifically, the universe includes all 

households receiving SNAP benefits during the review period except those in which participants 

(1) died or moved outside the State; (2) received benefits through a disaster certification 

authorized by FNS; (3) were under investigation for SNAP fraud (including those with pending 

fraud hearings) and/or were appealing a notice of adverse action; or (4) received restored benefits 

in accordance with the State manual, but were otherwise ineligible. The sampling unit within the 

universe each month is the active SNAP household as specified in FNS regulations.

Data Editing

The estimates presented in this report are derived from the fiscal year 2008 SNAP QC

datafile, an edited version of the raw datafile generated by the Quality Control System. The raw 

fiscal year 2008 data are made up of monthly samples from October 2007 through September 

2008. 

Households with an incomplete Quality Control review or that were found to be ineligible 

for SNAP benefits were dropped from the edited datafile. Of the 58,367 sample cases in the raw 

datafile, 2,587 were determined as not subject to review. One was deselected by the Quality 

Control System to correct for oversampling (Table D-1). Of those cases subject to review, 4,492

were not completed because the household failed to cooperate, could not be located, or all 

 
members had died or moved. An additional 929 households were found ineligible for a positive 

benefit and were dropped from the datafile because data on their characteristics are not collected. 

An additional 144 households were dropped from the file due to internal inconsistencies that 

could not be resolved, as discussed below. The final unweighted number of households in the 

final fiscal year 2008 SNAP QC file is 50,214. Table D-2 shows the distribution of these 

unweighted households by State.

Table D-1. Number of Cases Sampled, Dropped from the Edited File, 

and Included in the Edited File, Fiscal Year 2008

Fiscal Year 2008

SNAP QC

Sample

Number of cases sampled 58,367

Cases not subject to review 2,587

Cases deselected to correct for oversampling 1

Cases subject to review 55,779

Incomplete cases 4,492

Cases completed 51,287

Households not eligible for a positive benefit 929

Households eligible for a positive benefit 50,358

Households dropped due to 

inconsistencies 144

Households on the final file 50,214

Source: Fiscal Year 2008 SNAP QC sample.

Failure to complete reviews for all cases subject to review may bias the sample results if the 

characteristics of unreviewed households differ significantly from those of reviewed households. 

While there are no direct measures of such differences, the ratio of completed reviews to total 

cases subject to review provides an indication of the magnitude of any potential bias. For fiscal 

year 2008, the completion rate is 92 percent, similar to the rates in 2006 and 2007.

Consistent measures of unit size, income, and benefit level are important to any analysis of 

SNAP households. Inconsistencies may occur in the initial case record information, the 

transcription and data entry process, or the extraction of SNAP information for the selected 

months. 

To obtain the highest degree of consistency between related variables in the data, while 

maintaining the integrity of the database, the reported raw data are edited, as described in the 

Technical Documentation for the Fiscal Year 2008 SNAP QC Database and QC Minimodel. For 

instance, in most cases, a household’s net countable income should always equal the household’s 

gross countable income minus the total deductions for which the household is eligible, and the 

SNAP benefit level should always equal the household’s maximum benefit minus 30 percent of 

the household’s net countable income (except for households participating in the MFIP or SSICAP in Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, South 

Carolina, Texas, and Virginia). Households participating in MFIP or SSI-CAP are subject to 

different eligibility and benefit determination rules and have been edited accordingly.
Table D-2. Unweighted Distribution of

Participating Households by State

State 

SNAP Households

Number Percent

Total ...................................... 50,214 100.0

Alabama ................................. 1,056 2.1

Alaska .................................... 399 0.8

Arizona ................................... 1,111 2.2

Arkansas ................................. 1,182 2.4

California ............................... 1,007 2.0

Colorado ................................. 938 1.9

Connecticut ............................ 1,046 2.1

Delaware ................................ 578 1.2

District of Columbia .............. 745 1.5

Florida .................................... 1,168 2.3

Georgia ................................... 996 2.0

Guam ...................................... 299 0.6

Hawaii .................................... 863 1.7

Idaho ...................................... 714 1.4

Illinois .................................... 1,059 2.1

Indiana .................................... 1,072 2.1

Iowa ........................................ 931 1.9

Kansas .................................... 944 1.9

Kentucky ................................ 1,026 2.0

Louisiana ................................ 1,075 2.1

Maine ..................................... 902 1.8

Maryland ................................ 1,047 2.1

Massachusetts ........................ 1,096 2.2

Michigan ................................ 962 1.9

Minnesota ............................... 999 2.0

Mississippi ............................. 1,155 2.3

Missouri ................................. 1,023 2.0

Montana ................................. 574 1.1

Nebraska ................................ 796 1.6

Nevada ................................... 963 1.9

New Hampshire ..................... 508 1.0

New Jersey ............................. 980 2.0

New Mexico ........................... 1,088 2.2

New York ............................... 955 1.9

North Carolina ....................... 1,139 2.3

North Dakota .......................... 756 1.5

Ohio ........................................ 3,648 7.3

Oklahoma ............................... 1,018 2.0

Oregon .................................... 1,086 2.2

Pennsylvania .......................... 967 1.9

Rhode Island .......................... 686 1.4

South Carolina ....................... 1,095 2.2

South Dakota .......................... 507 1.0

Tennessee ............................... 1,041 2.1

Texas ...................................... 1,188 2.4

Utah ........................................ 808 1.6

Vermont ................................. 453 0.9

Virgin Islands ......................... 314 0.6

Virginia .................................. 1,017 2.0

Washington ............................ 1,019 2.0

West Virginia ......................... 935 1.9

Wisconsin ............................... 978 1.9

Wyoming ................................ 302 0.6

Source: Fiscal Year 2008 Supplemental Nutrition

Assistance Program Quality Control sample.

91
Although most inconsistencies in these basic relationships were resolved in the editing 

process, the measures could not be reconciled for 144 records in the raw datafile. These 144

records were therefore dropped from the edited datafile.

Weighting

The estimates for fiscal year 2008 in this report are based on a sample of 50,214 valid 

observations. The sample records have been weighted to match SNAP Program Operations totals 

after adjustment to remove households ineligible for benefits as well as households receiving 

benefits issued through the SNAP disaster assistance program, which are not included in the 

SNAP QC datafile. The weighting procedure matches to SNAP Program Operation totals for (1) 

the monthly number of participating households by State and stratum, (2) the monthly number of 

participants by State, and (3) the monthly total benefits issued by State. 

The weights developed for fiscal year 2008 are similar to the weights developed for the 

fiscal year 2005 through fiscal year 2007 SNAP QC datafiles. However, the fiscal year 2008

weights differ from versions of the SNAP QC datafile before fiscal year 2005, which matched to 

Program Operation totals for households only and not to individuals or benefits. The fiscal year 

2003 and fiscal year 2004 SNAP QC datafiles are weighted to match the disaster- and erroradjusted monthly numbers of SNAP households by State and stratum. SNAP QC datafiles before 

fiscal year 2003 are weighted to the monthly numbers of SNAP households by State and stratum, 

unadjusted for ineligible households or the disaster assistance program.

Comparison to Participation Data

Table D-3 compares the Quality Control System sample-based estimates to aggregate 

program participation data for fiscal year 2008.

1

Table D-4 compares the reported and calculated 

values for selected variables for fiscal year 2008.

Table D-3. Comparison of Program Data to Edited SNAP QC Datafile, Fiscal Year 2008

Average Monthly Value

Fiscal Year 2008

Program Data

Adjustments 

for Disaster 

Assistance

Adjustments 

for Ineligible 

Households

Adjusted 

Program Data

Edited SNAP QC

Datafile

Number of households 12,728,981 62,979 200,985 12,465,017 12,465,017

Number of participants 28,409,880 157,757 460,955 27,791,168 27,791,168

Value of benefits $2,883,499,843 $31,131,298 $79,858,599 $2,772,509,946 $2,772,509,946

Average household size 2.23 2.50 2.29 2.23 2.23

Average benefit per person $101.50 $197.34 $173.25 $99.76 $99.76

Sources: Fiscal Year 2008 Program Data and SNAP QC datafile.

 
Table D-4. Comparison of Calculated and Reported Values for Selected Variables of Participating 

Households, Fiscal Year 2008 

Variable

All

Households

Households with:

Earned 

Income

Elderly

Individuals Children

Disabled 

Nonelderly 

Adults

Average Gross Income (Dollars)

Calculated..........................................

Reported ............................................

701

701

1,109

1,109

762

762

839

840

885

885

Average Net Income (Dollars)a

Calculated..........................................

Reported ...........................................

335

331

541

534

375

380

422

418

463

457

Average Total Deduction (Dollars)b

Calculated..........................................

Reported ............................................

442

441

603

614

431

415

492

500

444

437

Average SNAP Benefit (Dollars)

Calculated..........................................

Reportedc...........................................

222

223

264

265

94

97

329

328

159

159

Percent with Zero Gross Income

Calculated..........................................

Reported ............................................

15.9

16.0

 0.0

 0.0

2.7

2.7

12.4

12.4

0.0

0.0

Percent with Zero Net Income

Calculated..........................................

Reported ............................................

33.2

34.3

18.0

18.9

14.7

15.1

30.4

31.6

10.6

11.7

Percent with Minimum Benefit

Calculated..........................................

Reported ............................................

6.7

5.8

 4.1

 3.6

17.9

15.4

1.3

1.2

11.3

9.8

Source: Fiscal Year 2008 SNAP QC data file. 

a Because net income is not used in their benefit determination, 28,146 households participating in the 

Minnesota Family Investment Program (MFIP) and 190,841 households participating in an SSI 

Combined Application Project (SSI-CAP) in Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, New York, North 

Carolina, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Texas, and Virginia are excluded from this comparison. 

b Because deductions are not used in their benefit determination, 190,841 SSI-CAP households in 

Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Texas, and 

Virginia are excluded from this comparison. 

c Reported benefit adjusted for reported overissuance errors, underissuance errors, and pro-rated benefits. 

APPENDIX E

SAMPLING ERROR OF ESTIMATES

97

SAMPLING ERROR OF ESTIMATES

The estimates of the characteristics of SNAP households in this report are based on a sample 

of households and, consequently, are subject to statistical sampling error. One indicator of the 

magnitude of the sampling error associated with a given estimate is its standard error. Standard 

errors measure the variation in estimated values that would be observed if multiple replications 

of the sample were drawn. The magnitude of the standard errors depends on: (1) the degree of 

variation in the variable within the population from which the sample is drawn; (2) the design of 

the sample, including such issues as stratification and sampling probabilities; and (3) the size of 

the sample on which the estimate is based. This appendix presents estimates of the standard 

errors associated with key statistics and outlines methods for estimating the standard errors of 

other statistics for which standard errors have not been directly calculated. 

Standard Errors

The standard error of an estimated proportion of households, sp, based on a simple random 

sample is:

where p is the weighted estimate of the proportion, N is the number of households in the 

population, and n is the sample size.1The standard error of an estimated number of households, 

sN, based on a simple random sample is:

p

N

 (2) N s s

These formulas for the standard errors of estimates based on a simple random sample do not 

necessarily apply to estimates derived from more complex samples, such as the stratified sample 

of the SNAP QC. In this appendix, standard errors calculated using equations (1) and (2) are 

referred to as ―naive standard errors.‖ Standard errors can be estimated more accurately using a 

bootstrap method.

 

[ (1 )( )] /[( 1) ] p (1) = p p N n n N s
98

The bootstrap method requires the computation of 500 sets of replicate household weights. 

Each set is calculated using a nonlinear programming method based on a random sample of the 

SNAP QC data file. These replicate weights are then used to calculate standard errors. The 

following discussion presents standard errors of selected estimates that were computed using the 

bootstrap method. It then presents a simple method for approximating standard errors of 

estimates for which individual standard errors have not been computed.

Standard Errors of Estimated Numbers of Households

The standard errors of selected estimates of SNAP households in Fiscal Year 2008 are 

shown in Table E-1. These standard errors can be used to compute confidence intervals for the 

estimated number of households with a particular characteristic.2For example, the estimated 

number of SNAP households that receive the minimum benefit is 836,000 (Table A-1), and the 

corresponding standard error is 17,690 (Table E-1). Therefore, the 95 percent confidence interval 

extends from 800,620 to 871,380.3

For standard errors not shown in Table E-1, the approximate standard error, SE, of an 

estimated number of households for Fiscal Year 2008 can be calculated using equation (3):

(3) SE = N x d

where SN is the naive standard error from equation (2) above, and d is the square root of the 

design effect for the population subgroup and characteristic of interest, from Table E-2. The 

design effect reflects the loss of precision due to the different sampling rates in different strata of 

the SNAP QC sample. It is the ratio of the variance computed by the bootstrap method (Table E1) to the naive variance.4 When the population subgroup (for example, households with elderly)

is listed in Table E-2, but the characteristic of interest is not, use the average square root of the 

design effect for the subgroup, from the rightmost column of Table E-2. When neither the 

subgroup nor the characteristic is listed, use the average square root of the design effect for all 

SNAP households, 1.44.

For example, to estimate the standard error of the number of households containing an 

elderly person with zero net income, the first step is to obtain the size of the estimate. As shown 

in appendix Table A-17, 340,000 elderly households have zero net income. The next step is to 

 
99

calculate the naive standard error. Using equations (1) and (2), the value is 8,686.

5 Multiplying 

8,686 by the square root of the design effect (d), 1.63, from Table E-2 yields an estimated 

standard error of 14,158.

Standard Errors of Estimated Percentages

Comparing equations (1) and (2), it is apparent that the standard error of an estimated 

percentage of households, Sp, is equal to the standard error of the corresponding count of 

households, SN, divided by the number of households in the population that forms the base of the 

percentage. That is:

(4) Sp = SN / N

For example, appendix Table A-17 shows that, of the 6,341,000 households with children, 

784,000 (12.4 percent) have no gross income. The standard error (SN) of the number of 

households with children with no gross income is 17,990 (Table E-1). To calculate S , the 

standard error of the corresponding percentage estimate, simply divide SN by the number of 

households in the population that forms the base of the percentage—in this case, 6,341,000 

households with children. The resulting standard error of the percentage estimate is 0.3 

percentage points, and the corresponding 95 percent confidence interval extends from 11.8 to 

13.0 percent around the point estimate of 12.4 percent.

Equation (4) can also be applied to standard errors that are not shown in Table E-1. First, 

calculate the adjusted naive standard error of the number of households using equation (3). Then 

divide the resulting standard error by the size of the population that forms the base of the 

percentage. Returning to an earlier example—of the 2,312,000 households with elderly 

individuals, 340,000 (14.7 percent) have zero net income. Dividing the adjusted naive standard 

error (calculated above as 14,158) by 2,312,000 yields an adjusted naive standard error of the 

percentage estimate of 0.6 percentage points.

Standard Errors of Estimated Means

The standard errors for selected estimated means for Fiscal Year 2008 are provided in Table 

E-3. For example, the standard error of the mean gross income for all SNAP households in Fiscal 

 

[(340,000/2,312,000)×(1-(340,000/2,312,000))×(2,312,000-8,853)]/[(8,853-1)×2,312,000] = 0.003757
100

Year 2008 is $2.01 (Table E-3), and the mean itself is $701 (Table A-20). Therefore, a 95 

percent confidence interval extends from approximately $697 to $705.

Generalized approximation methods such as the one used in equation (3) work well for 

standard errors of estimated numbers and percentages, because the standard errors depend only 

on the sample size, the estimated proportion, and the design effects. Generalized methods are 

less appropriate for standard errors of means because the standard error depends on the variance 

as well as the sample size and design effects. Nevertheless, a rough approximation of the 

magnitude of standard errors of means not included in Table E-3 can be obtained from Table E4. Table E-4 shows for each variable in Table E-3 the average, minimum, and maximum value of 

that variable’s standard error as a percentage of the variable’s mean value. These 3 values are 

shown for all SNAP households and for selected subgroups. The standard errors in Table E-4 

include design effects.
101

Table E-1. Standard Errors of Estimated Numbers of SNAP Households, Fiscal Year 2008a

Households (000) With:

Sample 

Size

Estimated 

Population

(000)

Zero 

Gross 

Income

Zero 

Net 

Income

Minimum 

Benefits

Earned

Income

Elderly 

Individuals Children

School 

Age

Children

Disabled 

Nonelderly 

Individuals

All SNAP Households..... 32.30 47.72 17.69 38.44 27.31 42.64 33.64 30.26 50,214 12,465

With Elderly 

Individuals............... 5.68 14.18 13.32 7.12 27.31 8.24 8.02 5.97 8,853 2,312

Without Elderly 

Individuals .............. 31.27 45.42 12.71 38.86 NA 41.71 32.98 30.36 41,361 10,153

With Children.......... 17.99 25.54 6.70 37.38 8.24 42.64 33.64 18.92 24,827 6,341

With School Age 

Children .................. 14.92 23.15 5.71 31.02 8.02 33.64 33.64 17.68 18,532 4,776

Without Children .... 25.89 37.01 17.00 16.26 26.74 NA NA 26.41 25,387 6,124

With Earnings ......... NA 17.34 7.90 38.44 7.12 37.38 30.20 10.16 14,597 3,640

With Disabled 

Nonelderly 

Individuals............... 0.05 12.88 10.90 10.16 5.97 18.92 17.68 30.26 12,238 2,821

a

Standard errors were estimated using the bootstrap method.

NA = not applicable.

Source: Fiscal Year 2008 SNAP QC sample.
102

Table E-2. Square Root of Design Effects (d) for Standard Errors of Estimated Numbers or Percentages of SNAP Households, Fiscal Year 2008a

Base of Estimated 

Number

Households With: Average 

Square 

Root of 

Design 

Effect

Zero Gross

Income

Zero Net

Income

Minimum

Benefits

Earned

Income

Elderly 

Individuals Children

School Age

Children

Disabled 

Nonelderly 

Individuals

All SNAP Households .... 1.59 1.82 1.27 1.52 1.26 1.53 1.24 1.30 1.44

With Elderly 

Individuals ................ 1.42 1.63 1.41 1.41 NA 1.48 1.50 1.44 1.47

Without Elderly 

Individuals ................ 1.60 1.88 1.27 1.63 NA 1.71 1.33 1.37 1.54

With Children ........... 1.36 1.38 1.45 1.86 1.47 NA 1.94 1.29 1.54

With School Age 

Children .................... 1.39 1.48 1.45 1.77 1.49 NA NA 1.31 1.48

Without Children ...... 1.70 2.00 1.35 1.36 1.45 NA NA 1.50 1.56

With Earnings........... NA 1.50 1.32 NA 1.43 3.21 2.12 1.27 1.81

With Disabled 

Nonelderly 

Individuals ................ 0.48 1.64 1.35 1.34 1.53 1.55 1.50 NA 1.34

a The design effect is the ratio of the variance computed by the bootstrap method to the naive variance for the specific cell of the table. The average square root 

of design effect for each row is a simple arithmetic average of the values for each cell in the row.

NA = not applicable.

Source: Fiscal Year 2008 SNAP QC sample.
103

Table E-3. Standard Errors of Estimated Means, Fiscal Year 2008a

Base of Estimated 

Mean

Households With:

Gross 

Income

Net 

Income Benefits

All 

Deductions

Total 

Resources

Household 

Size

Certification 

Period Earningsb TANFbSSIb

Shelter 

Deductionb

All SNAP Households..... 2.01 0.60 0.01 1.52 4.59 0.00 0.05 6.09 4.01 3.47 1.39

With Elderly 

Individuals................ 4.78 4.81 1.21 4.37 9.61 0.01 0.17 43.26 18.71 5.79 4.19

Without Elderly 

Individuals................ 2.42 1.06 0.47 1.67 5.36 0.00 0.05 6.25 4.07 4.13 1.53

With Children........... 3.32 2.43 1.46 2.22 6.31 0.02 0.03 7.61 4.05 6.77 1.76

With School Age 

Children.................... 4.48 3.64 1.82 2.58 8.09 0.02 0.04 9.46 4.96 7.55 2.07

Without Children...... 3.65 2.64 0.55 2.22 6.76 0.00 0.09 11.76 13.82 3.96 2.27

With Earnings........... 6.17 5.35 1.54 2.75 13.49 0.02 0.04 6.09 9.55 9.03 2.12

With Disabled 

Nonelderly 

Individuals................ 4.76 4.99 1.72 3.65 8.12 0.02 0.13 24.67 7.27 4.17 3.55

a

Standard errors were estimated using the bootstrap method.

b

For households with a nonzero amount.

Source: Fiscal Year 2008 SNAP QC sample.
104

Table E-4. Range of Standard Errors of Mean Amounts Expressed as a Percentage of 

the Mean Amount, Fiscal Year 2008a

Number of Households

in Base of Mean

(Thousands)

Standard Error as

Percent of Mean Amount

Averageb Lowestc Highestd

12,465 (All SNAP Households) 0.7 0.0 3.7

2,312 (Households With Elderly Individuals) 2.3 0.6 6.7

6,341 (Households With Children)................................................................ 1.1 ................... 0.3 5.8

3,639 (Households With Earnings) ................................................................ 1.7 .................. 0.5 8.8

2,821 (Households With Disabled Nonelderly Individuals)................................ 1.7 ............. 0.5 6.0

a

Standard errors from table E-3 and mean amounts from applicable text tables.

b Average standard error across all 11 variables in table E-3 expressed as a percentage of the mean 

amount.

c Lowest of the standard errors across all 11 variables in table E-3 expressed as a percentage of the 

mean amount.

d Highest of the standard errors across all 11 variables in table E-3 expressed as a percentage of the 

mean amount.

Source: Fiscal Year 2008 SNAP QC sample.
APPENDIX F

DATA COLLECTION INSTRUMENT

Quality Control Review Schedule U.S. Department of Agriculture – Food and Nutrition Service 

PRIVACY ACT/PAPERWORK REDUCTION ACT. According to the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995, no persons are requnless it displays a valid OMB control number. The valid OMB control number for this information collection is 0584-0299. estimated to average 1.05 hours per response, including the time to review instructions, search existing data resources, gather information collection. This report is required under provisions of 7 CFR 275.14. This information is needed for the review oeligibility. This information is used to determine State compliance, and failure to report may result in a finding of non-compli

Section 1 – Review Summary 

1. QC Review Number 2. Case Number 3. State 4. Local Agency 5. S

7. Disposition 8. Finding 9. FS Allotment Under Review 10. Error Amou

Section 2– Detailed Error Findings 

12. Element 13. Nature 14. Cause 15. Error Finding 16. Error Amount 17. Discovery 18. 

12345678FNS-380-1 (10-01-2003) Previous editions obsolete. 
Section 3 – Household Characteristics

20. Most Recent Cert. Action 22. Length of Cert. Period 23. Allotm

Month, Day, Year 

21. Type of Action

# of months

25. Number of 

Household Members

26. Receipt of 

Expedited Service

27. Authorized Representative

Used at Application

28. Categorica

Resources:

30. Liquid 31. Property 

(excluding home)

32 a. Vehicle 32 b. Status 

2nd Vehicle

33. CouVehicle 

Income:

35. Gross 36. Net

Deductions:

37. Earned Income 38. Medical 39. Dependent Care 40. Child Support 

43. Rent/Mortgage 44. Use of SUA 45. Utilities (S

a. Usage b. Proration Additional Information on 

Shelter Costs:

FNS-380-1 (10-01-2003) Previous editions obsolete. 
Section 4 – Information on Each Household Memb

46. Person 47. FSP 48. Relation 49. Age 50. Sex 51. Race 52. Citizen 53. Edu. 54. Employment 55. 

Number Participation Head of HH Status Level Status Hours Wo

You may record information on up to 16 individuals using additional pages.FNS-380-1 (10-01-2003) Previous editions obsolete. 

APPENDIX G

PREVIOUS REPORTS IN THIS SERIES

113

Characteristics of Food Stamp Households, Fiscal Year 2007. U.S. Department of Agriculture, 

Food and Nutrition Service, Office of Analysis, Nutrition and Evaluation, 2008.

Characteristics of Food Stamp Households, Fiscal Year 2006. U.S. Department of Agriculture, 

Food and Nutrition Service, Office of Analysis, Nutrition and Evaluation, 2007.

Characteristics of Food Stamp Households, Fiscal Year 2005. U.S. Department of Agriculture, 

Food and Nutrition Service, Office of Analysis, Nutrition and Evaluation, 2006.

Characteristics of Food Stamp Households, Fiscal Year 2004. U.S. Department of Agriculture, 

Food and Nutrition Service, Office of Analysis, Nutrition and Evaluation, 2005.

Characteristics of Food Stamp Households, Fiscal Year 2003. U.S. Department of Agriculture, 

Food and Nutrition Service, Office of Analysis, Nutrition and Evaluation, 2004.

Characteristics of Food Stamp Households, Fiscal Year 2002. U.S. Department of Agriculture, 

Food and Nutrition Service, Office of Analysis, Nutrition and Evaluation, 2003.

Characteristics of Food Stamp Households, Fiscal Year 2001. U.S. Department of Agriculture, 

Food and Nutrition Service, Office of Analysis, Nutrition and Evaluation, 2003.

Characteristics of Food Stamp Households, Fiscal Year 2000. U.S. Department of Agriculture, 

Food and Nutrition Service, Office of Analysis, Nutrition and Evaluation, 2001.

Characteristics of Food Stamp Households, Fiscal Year 1999. U.S. Department of Agriculture, 

Food and Nutrition Service, Office of Analysis, Nutrition and Evaluation, 2000.

Characteristics of Food Stamp Households, Fiscal Year 1998. U.S. Department of Agriculture, 

Food and Nutrition Service, Office of Analysis, Nutrition and Evaluation, 2000.

Characteristics of Food Stamp Households, Fiscal Year 1997. U.S. Department of Agriculture, 

Food and Nutrition Service, Office of Analysis and Evaluation, 1999.

Characteristics of Food Stamp Households, Fiscal Year 1996. U.S. Department of Agriculture, 

Food and Nutrition Service, Office of Analysis and Evaluation, 1998.

Characteristics of Food Stamp Households, Fiscal Year 1995. U.S. Department of Agriculture, 

Food and Consumer Service, Office of Analysis and Evaluation, 1997.

Characteristics of Food Stamp Households, Summer 1994. U.S. Department of Agriculture, 

Food and Consumer Service, Office of Analysis and Evaluation, 1996.

Characteristics of Food Stamp Households, Summer 1993. U.S. Department of Agriculture, 

Food and Nutrition Service, Office of Analysis and Evaluation, 1995.

Characteristics of Food Stamp Households, Summer 1992. U.S. Department of Agriculture, 

Food and Nutrition Service, Office of Analysis and Evaluation, 1994.
114

Characteristics of Food Stamp Households, Summer 1991. U.S. Department of Agriculture, 

Food and Nutrition Service, Office of Analysis and Evaluation, 1993.

Characteristics of Food Stamp Households, Summer 1990. U.S. Department of Agriculture, 

Food and Nutrition Service, Office of Analysis and Evaluation, 1992.

Characteristics of Food Stamp Households, Summer 1989. U.S. Department of Agriculture, 

Food and Nutrition Service, Office of Analysis and Evaluation, 1991.

Characteristics of Food Stamp Households, Summer 1988. U.S. Department of Agriculture, 

Food and Nutrition Service, Office of Analysis and Evaluation, 1990.

Characteristics of Food Stamp Households, Winter 1988. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food 

and Nutrition Service, Office of Analysis and Evaluation, 1990.

Characteristics of Food Stamp Households, Summer 1987. U.S. Department of Agriculture, 

Food and Nutrition Service, Office of Analysis and Evaluation, 1990.

Characteristics of Food Stamp Households, Summer 1986. U.S. Department of Agriculture, 

Food and Nutrition Service, Office of Analysis and Evaluation, 1988.

Characteristics of Food Stamp Households, Summer 1985. U.S. Department of Agriculture, 

Food and Nutrition Service, Office of Analysis and Evaluation, 1987.

Characteristics of Food Stamp Households, August 1984. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food 

and Nutrition Service, Office of Analysis and Evaluation.

Characteristics of Food Stamp Households, February 1983. U.S. Department of Agriculture, 

Food and Nutrition Service, Office of Analysis and Evaluation.

Characteristics of Food Stamp Households, August 1982. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food 

and Nutrition Service, Office of Analysis and Evaluation.

Characteristics of Food Stamp Households, August 1981. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food 

and Nutrition Service, Office of Analysis and Evaluation, 1984.

Characteristics of Food Stamp Households, August 1980. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food 

and Nutrition Service, Office of Policy, Planning, and Evaluation, 1981.

Characteristics of Food Stamp Households, November 1979. U.S. Department of Agriculture, 

Food and Nutrition Service, Office of Policy, Planning, and Evaluation, 1981.

Characteristics of Food Stamp Households, February 1978. U.S. Department of Agriculture, 

Food and Nutrition Service, 1980.

Characteristics of Food Stamp Households, September 1976. U.S. Department of Agriculture, 

Food and Nutrition Service, 1977.

Characteristics of Food Stamp Households, September 1975. U.S. Department of Agriculture, 

Food and Nutrition Service, 1976.
INDEX

117

INDEX

Page(s)

Able-bodied adults................................................................. (see Nonelderly nondisabled childless adults)

Age ......................................................................... 20, 21, 31, 32, 35, 40, 41, 49, 51, 55, 56, 60, 73, 75

Assets, Countable (see Resources) 

Asset limit (see Resource limit) 

Asylees .................................................................................................................................... 7, 25, 26, 27

Benefits ................................8, 9, 18-22, 31, 32, 35, 37, 40, 41, 43, 44, 46, 47, 49-52, 55, 59, 63, 64, 85

Maximum ................................................................... 8, 27, 31, 32, 40, 41, 43, 44, 49, 51, 85, 90

Minimum ..................................................................................... 8, 27, 31, 32, 40, 41, 49, 51, 58

Pro-rated ..................................................................................................................... 9, 20, 21, 55

Categorically Eligible Households ................................................................................................ 4, 25, 77

Certification period (see also Expedited service, Recertification) ................... 8, 25, 34, 44, 47, 50, 52, 64

Child support payment deduction ...............................................................................5, 25, 42- 44, 49-52

Child support income ..................................................................................................................... 16, 36, 37

Children ......................................................................................................... 21, 25, 56, 58, 60, 73, 74, 75

Households containing............................ 14, 16-19, 26, 31-33, 35, 36, 48-44, 46-51, 53, 58, 67, 93

Citizenship (see also Noncitizen) ........................................................................... 7, 20, 25, 54, 55, 74, 75

Contributions................................................................................................................................... 28, 36, 37

Countable resources (see Resources)

Deductions ......................................4, 5, 13, 22, 25, 27, 28, 32, 34, 37, 40-43, 49-52, 59, 64, 90, 93, 103

Child support payment deduction ....................................................................5, 25, 40- 43, 49-52

Dependent care deduction ..........................................................................5, 26, 40-43, 49-52, 84

Earned income deduction .......................................................................5, 9, 26, 40-43, 49-52, 70

Excess shelter expense deduction ........................................... 5, 26, 28, 40, 41, 43, 49-52, 66, 84

Medical deduction ................................................................................5, 10, 27, 40-43, 49-52, 58

Standard deduction ........................................................................................................ 5, 9, 28, 84

Deemed income .......................................................................................................................... 26, 28, 36

Dependent care deduction .....................................................................................5, 26, 40-43, 49-52, 84

Deportees ........................................................................................................................................... 7, 26

Disabled nonelderly individuals

Households containing ..............3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10, 13, 14, 17, 18, 19, 20, 26, 31, 32, 33, 35, 36, 38,

.........................................................................39-44, 46-51, 53, 54, 58, 67, 93, 101, 102, 103, 104

Earned income ...........................................5, 9, 16, 17, 20, 26, 31, 32, 36-44, 48-54, 68-70, 93, 101, 102
118

Earned income deduction ...................................................................................5, 9, 26, 40-43, 49-52, 70

Educational loans............................................................................................................................ 28, 36, 37

Elderly Individuals .................................................................. 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10, 14, 20, 21, 26, 55-57, 73, 75

Households containing ............................................................13, 16, 17, 18, 19, 26, 31-33, 35, 36, 

.................................38-44, 46-51, 53, 54, 58, 67, 93, 101-104

Electronic Benefit Transfer (EBT) ................................................................................................ 9, 25, 26

Energy assistance ......................................................................................................................... 28, 36, 37

Entrant households ...................................................................................................................... 26, 45, 71

Excess shelter expense deduction ......................................................... 5, 26, 28, 40, 41, 43, 49-52, 66, 84

Expedited service households ................................................................................................. 8, 26, 45, 71

Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 ..................................................................................... 7

Gender ............................................................................................................17, 18, 20, 46-48, 55, 56, 60

General assistance (GA) .................................................4, 17, 20, 25, 31, 32, 36-38, 40, 41, 48-52, 68, 69

Gross income ..........................................3, 4, 5, 8, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 20, 22, 26, 31- 35, 37, 40, 41, 47-52

............................................................................................................. 58, 59, 64, 65, 81, 82, 90, 93

Gross income screen ..................................................................................................................... 4, 26, 82

Homeless household shelter estimate ........................................................................................... 5, 26, 84

Household composition ................................................... 16, 17, 18, 19, 31, 32, 35, 40, 41, 46-49, 51, 67

Married head with children households .........................................................16, 17, 18, 26, 46-48

Single adult with children households ...............................................16, 17, 18, 19, 28, 46-48, 67

Household head .................................................................................................................................. 53, 72

Household size ....................................................................... 13, 16, 18, 19, 21, 42, 34, 35, 37, 47, 49-52

.........................................................56, 59, 64, 81, 82, 83, 85, 92

Households, participating ...............................................13, 17, 31-54, 57, 58, 63-72, 76, 77, 89, 91, 92, 93

Income, monthly countable.......................................................................... 15, 17-19, 31, 32, 36, 37, 68, 69

Earned ...................................................5, 9, 16, 17, 20, 26, 28, 31, 32, 36-44, 48-54, 68-70, 93

Gross .......................................3, 4, 5, 8, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 20, 22, 26, 31- 35, 37, 40, 41, 47-52

............................................................................................................ 58, 59, 64, 65, 81, 82, 90, 93,

Net ....................................................... 3, 4, 6, 8, 18, 20, 22, 27, 31-35, 37, 40, 4147, 49, 52, 58

.........................59, 64, 93

Unearned ...................................................................................................28, 31, 32, 36-41, 49-52

Child support ..................................................................................................................... 16, 36, 37

General assistance (GA) .................................4, 17, 20, 25, 31, 32, 36-38, 40, 41, 48-52, 68, 69

Social Security ...............................................17, 19, 20, 28, 31, 32, 36, 37, 39-41, 48-52, 68, 69

Supplemental Security Income (SSI) ..................................... 3, 4, 8, 9, 16, 17, 19, 20, 25, 26, 31

.............................32, 36, 37, 39-41, 49-52, 58, 68, 69
119

Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF)....... ... 4, 6, 8, 9, 16, 17, 20, 25, 31, 32, 36-38

.........................................40, 41, 44, 48-54, 57, 58, 68, 69

Initial certification households .......................................................................................................... 26, 45

Lawful permanent resident noncitizens ............................................................................................... 6, 26

Married head with children households ......................................................................16, 17, 18, 26, 46-48

Maximum benefit ..................................................................... 8, 27, 31, 32, 40, 41, 43, 44, 49, 51, 85, 90

Medical deduction .................................................................................................5, 10, 27, 40-42, 49-52

Medical deduction demonstrations ............................................................................................. 5, 10, 27

Metropolitan households ............................................................................................................. 27, 31, 32

Micropolitan households ............................................................................................................. 27, 31, 32

Minimum benefit .......................................................... 9, 27, 31, 32, 40, 41, 49, 51, 58, 93, 98, 101, 102

Minnesota Family Investment Program (MFIP)............ ..................4, 9, 13, 18, 25, 27, 76, 84, 90, 93

Net income .................................................................................. 3, 4, 6, 8, 18, 20, 22, 27, 31-35, 37, 40, 41

........................................................................47, 49, 52, 58, 59, 64, 93

Net income screen ................................................................................................................. 3, 4, 5, 27, 83

Noncitizens ....................................................................................................... 6, 7, 10, 20, 21, 55, 74, 75

Households containing................................................................................................. 31, 32, 54, 55

Asylees ....................................................................................................................... 7, 25, 26, 27

Deportees .............................................................................................................................. 7, 26

Lawful permanent resident noncitizens .................................................................................. 6, 26

Nonimmigrant visitors to the United States ............................................................................ 6, 27

Refugees ....................................................................................... 7, 20, 21, 25, 26, 27, 54, 55, 74

Nonelderly adults ...................................................................................................... 20, 21, 27, 55, 73, 75

Households containing.......................................................................................................................

Nonelderly nondisabled childless adults..................................................................................... 1, 10, 21, 55

Households containing................................................................... 19, 20, 31, 32, 46, 47, 48, 67, 73

Nonimmigrant visitors to the United States ......................................................................................... 6, 27

Nonparticipating household head households ............................................................................. 27, 53, 57

Participants ..................................... 1, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 20, 21, 23, 31, 46, 55, 56, 60, 63, 73-75, 89, 92

Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA) ........................ 7, 25, 27

Poverty, individuals in ...................................................................................................................... 4, 10, 12

Poverty guidelines .............................. 3, 4, 5, 13, 14, 15, 16, 26, 27, 31, 33-35, 50, 52, 59, 65, 81, 82, 83

Preschool-age children .......................................................................................................... 21, 27, 55, 73

Households containing................................................................................31, 32, 35, 40, 41, 49-51

Pro-rated benefit ....................................................................................................................... 9, 20, 21, 55

Race/ethnicity ............................................................................................................................. 53, 55, 72
120

Recertification ..................................................................................................................................... 8, 45

Refugees .................................................................................................... 7, 20, 21, 25, 26, 27, 54, 55, 74

Resources, Countable (Countable resources) .............................3, 6, 8, 10, 13, 25, 32-35, 47, 49-52, 59, 64

Vehicles ..................................................................................................................................... 6, 10

Resource limit................................................................................................................................. 3, 4, 6, 28

Rural ........................................................................................................................................... 28, 31, 32

School-age children ........................................................................................................ 20, 21, 28, 55, 73

Households containing................................................................................31, 32, 35, 40, 41, 49-51

Self-employment income ...................................................................................................................... 36, 37

Sex (see Gender) 

Shelter deduction (see Excess shelter expense deduction)

Single adult with children households ..................................................................16, 17, 18, 28, 46-48, 67

Single-person households ........................................................ 9, 17, 18, 19, 20, 28, 34, 35, 46-49, 51, 56

Social Security ...............................................................17, 19, 20, 28, 31, 32, 36, 37, 39-41, 48-52, 68, 69

Standard Error......................................................................................................97-104

Standard deduction .................................................................................................................... 5, 9, 28, 84

State diversion payments .................................................................................................................. 36, 37

States .......................................................................................................4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 63-77, 81-85, 91

Supplemental Security Income (SSI)................ 3, 4, 8, 9, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 25, 28, 31, 32, 36, 37, 39-41, 

................................................................................................................................49-52, 58, 68, 69

Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF) .......................... 4, 6, 8, 9, 16, 17, 20, 25, 31, 32, 36-38

........................................................................................................ 40, 41, 44, 48-54, 57, 58, 68, 69

Time limits .............................................................................................. 7, 8, 10, 31, 32, 46, 47, 48, 55, 67

Thrifty Food Plan (TFP) .......................................................................................... 8, 11, 25, 27, 28, 56, 85

Unearned income .....................................................................................................28, 31, 32, 36-41, 49-52

Unemployment compensation ....................................................................................................... 28, 36, 37

Vehicles ..................................................................................................................................... 6, 10, 13, 25

Veterans’ benefits .................................................................................................................... 26, 28, 36, 37

Wage supplementation.................................................................................................................... 28, 36, 37

Wages ..................................................................................................................................... 26, 28, 36, 37

Work registration .......................................................................................................................... 7, 28, 57

Workers’ compensation ........................................................................................................ 26, 28, 36, 37