UKIAH RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PLAN 

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 

BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT 

UKIAH FIELD OFFICE 

September 2006 
Table of Contents 

Page 

1.0 INTRODUCTION 

1.1 Location and Background 1 

1.2 Ukiah Field office Vision Statement 2 

2.0 MANAGEMENT COMMON TO ALL AREAS 

2.1 Visual Resources Management 3 

2.2 Wildlife and Fish 4 

2.3 Vegetation Management 7 

2.4 Riparian and Wetland Resources 8 

2.5 Cultural and Historic Resources 9 

2.6 Lands and Realty 11 

2.7 Special Designations 13 

2.8 Forest Management 15 

2.9 Livestock Grazing Management 15 

2.10 Fire Management 16 

2.11 Energy and Minerals 19 

2.12 Wind Energy 20 

2.13 Travel Management and Route Designation 21 

2.14 Recreation 23 

2.15 Interpretation and Education 37 

2.16 Soil Resources 38 

2.17 Water Resources 39 

2.18 Air Quality 41 

3.0 MANAGEMENT AREA DECISIONS 

3.1 Cow Mountain 42 

3.2 Knoxville 47 

3.3 Indian Valley 51 

3.4 Cache Creek 55 

3.5 Cedar Roughs 61 

3.6 Berryessa 65 

3.7 Stornetta 69 

3.8 The Geysers 75 

3.9 Scattered Tracts 78 
Figures 

Figure 1. Ukiah Planning Area 

Figure 2. Cow Mountain Management Area 

Figure 3. Knoxville Management Area 

Figure 4. Indian Valley Management Area 

Figure 5a. Cache Creek Management Area 

Figure 5b. Cache Creek ACECs 

Figure 6. Cedar Roughs Management Area 

Figure 7. Berryessa Management Area 

Figure 8. Stornetta Management Area 

Figure 9. Geysers Management Area 

Figure 10. Scattered Tracts 

Figures 11 thru 18. Potential Disposal by County 

Appendices 

Appendix A: Designated Route Network 

Appendix B: Existing Mineral Withdrawals – Solid and Fluid Minerals 

Appendix C: Management of Lands with Wilderness Characteristics 

Appendix D: Reasonable Foreseeable Development Scenario – Geothermal Resources 

Appendix E: Reasonable Foreseeable Development Scenario – Solid Minerals 

Appendix F: Reasonable Foreseeable Development Scenario – Oil and Gas Resources 

Appendix G: Reasonable Foreseeable Development Scenario – Wind Energy 

Appendix H: Wind Energy Potential Maps 

Appendix I: Wind Energy Best Management Practices 

Appendix J: Recommended Off-Highway-Vehicle Management Guidelines 

Appendix K: Visitor Fee Information 

Appendix L: Special Recreation Permits for Events 

Appendix M: Soil Impact Mitigation Methods 

Appendix N: Cache Creek CRMP Decisions 

Appendix O: Wet Weather Closure Implementation (South Cow Mountain) 
UKIAH RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PLAN 

1.0 INTRODUCTION 

This document serves to concisely present the decisions and vision for each of the nine management 

areas in the Ukiah Field Office. Please refer to the Proposed RMP and Final EIS (July 2006) for 

additional information such as detailed descriptions of setting, impacts, and alternatives considered. 

1.1 LOCATION AND BACKGROUND 

The Ukiah Field Office includes approximately 270,000 acres of BLM-managed surface acres and 

214,000 additional subsurface acres (mineral estate) in northern California (see Figure 1). The geographic 

area includes all BLM-managed public lands within the counties of Marin, Solano, Sonoma, Mendocino 

(south of the City of Willits), Lake, Napa, Yolo, Colusa, and Glenn. Approximately 1.5 million people 

live within this region. Most of the population resides in the southern half of the Ukiah Field Office area, 

where BLM manages the least amount of public lands. The large metropolitan San Francisco Bay and the 

Sacramento Regions influence public lands administered by the field office, particularly as many of 

Ukiah’s public land visitors come from these areas. 

The Ukiah Field Office area of responsibility is not a continuous geographic area of public land. It is 

spread across nine counties, bounded by the Pacific Ocean on the west, San Francisco Bay on the south, 

the Sacramento River on the east, and Humboldt County on the north. The planning area is separated 

into nine management areas (see Figure 1) as follows: 

• Cow Mountain 

• Knoxville 

• Indian Valley 

• Cache Creek 

• Cedar Roughs 

• Berryessa 

• Stornetta 

• The Geysers 

• Scattered Tracts 

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UKIAH RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PLAN 

1.2 UKIAH FIELD OFFICE VISION STATEMENT 

The following vision and mission statement was developed based on the direction, intent and spirit of the 

legislation and policies establishing management of the area, and input from the public during the 

scoping process for the plan: 

“The BLM Ukiah Field Office will manage the public lands and split-estate mineral resources in 

ways that sustain their health, diversity, and productivity for the enjoyment of present and future 

generations.” 

Our vision for the Ukiah Field Office is to balance recreational opportunities and environmentally 

responsible commercial activities with the conservation of natural and cultural resources. To achieve that 

vision, the Ukiah Field Office will: 

• Manage public lands as “keepers of the public trust,” providing a variety of resource

opportunities and open spaces for the benefit and enjoyment of everyone. 

• Maintain and improve the health of our diverse landscapes and ecosystems. 

• Protect the public lands from abuse. 

• Respect community values and seek opportunities for local involvement in area conservation and 

use. 

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UKIAH RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PLAN 

2.0 MANAGEMENT COMMON TO ALL AREAS 

2.1 VISUAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT 

2.1.1 Introduction 

The visual quality of the California coastal range and its open space are critical to maintaining the natural 

character of the lands managed by the Ukiah Field Office. Lands within the planning area are categorized 

according to the BLM’s Visual Resource Management (VRM) classification system. The VRM system is 

used to ensure that any development or changes in the landscape of the decision area achieve the overall 

scenic goals and objectives of the assigned VRM class. 

VRM Classes were developed in coordination with the BLM’s Recreation Opportunity Spectrum (ROS). 

Although the ROS system was developed to inventory and manage recreational resources, it is a 

management tool that considers a number of factors and different resources. The ROS system 

inventories physical and social conditions and is also based on visitor experience, including visual 

experiences. For the RMP, VRM classes were, to a large degree, assigned to various ROS settings that 

were similar in how they related to the visual environment. The Recreation section contains a description 

of the ROS settings, including how the landscape in each setting is to appear. For example, the 

description of the Primitive Zone identifies the zone as having “an undisturbed landscape with no 

developed facilities” and that maintains “naturally appearing ROS settings.” The VRM Classes that 

correspond to the ROS settings vary by area and are described in tables in the description of each area. 

VRM Class I is only considered for wilderness areas, WSAs, ACECs, and other areas where preservation 

of the natural landscape is a primary management objective. 

In addition to coordinating VRM classes with ROS settings, a second step was undertaken to further 

refine VRM classes in some areas of the planning area. BLM lands that can be seen from Key Travel 

Routes (KTRs) or Key Observation Points (KOPs) often require additional protection than areas near 

them that are not visible from KTRs and KOPs. 

Goals: 

• Protect and enhance the scenic quality and visual integrity of the characteristic landscapes 

managed by Ukiah Field Office. 

• Manage public lands in a manner that would protect the quality of the visual resources while 

allowing management activities to occur. 

Management Actions: 

• Seldom seen areas are areas that are not seen from identified viewing areas that are selected to 

represent sensitive viewing areas. Seldom seen areas will be identified and mapped at the activity 

plan and project level, and may have a management class that is less restrictive than the 

surrounding VRM management class. There will be no seldom seen areas within VRM 

Management Class I. 

• Projects and their area of impact may have a short term impact management class one level less 

restrictive than the surrounding VRM management class, including that defined for seldom seen 

areas when within seldom seen areas. The short term impact management class may be in effect 

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UKIAH RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PLAN 

for no greater than a two-year period. Short term impact provisions apply to areas within VRM 

Management Class I. 

• Areas within the seen area of key travel routes (KTRs) or key observation points (KOPs) may be 

managed to one VRM Class more protective than the surrounding area. KTRs and KOPs can 

be located either on or outside of BLM lands. 

• Wilderness Areas and Wilderness Study Areas will be managed as VRM Class I. 

2.2 WILDLIFE AND FISH 

2.2.1 Introduction 

Wildlife and fisheries program guidance throughout the Ukiah Field Office lands will provide the 

framework to manage habitat and forage to maintain or enhance populations of special status species 

(including species listed under the Endangered Species Act), native species, and to support the goals and 

management strategies in California Department of Fish and Game (CDFG) cooperative management 

plans. 

Goals: 

• Ensure that native wildlife and fish species are provided habitat of sufficient quantity and quality 

to enhance biological diversity and sustain their ecological, economic, and social values. The aim 

is to have a full spectrum of biological communities, habitats, and their ecological processes 

throughout the Ukiah Field Office lands with populations of native species well-distributed 

across the landscape. 

• Improve public awareness, understanding, and support for resolving issues surrounding wildlife 

and fish species conservation, management, and ecology. 

Objective: Improve habitats to support increased population levels. 

Management Actions: 

The management approach discussed will be accomplished in cooperation with CDFG and the U.S. Fish 

and Wildlife Service (USFWS) to achieve stated goals and objectives. Management will include a range of 

specific actions for special status species with habitat occurring throughout the Ukiah Field Office lands, 

as well as other issues involving management and monitoring of wildlife and fish populations and their 

habitats. 

2.2.1.1 Special Status Species 

Threatened and Endangered Species 

Objective: Through partnerships with local, state, and federal entities, minimize or eliminate the need for 

additional listing of species under the Endangered Species Act and contribute to the recovery of already 

listed species. 

Management Actions: 

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Implement measures to promote the recovery and conservation of all threatened and endangered species 

on lands managed by the Ukiah Field Office. This will occur in accordance with applicable Endangered 

Species Act of 1973 regulations (50 CFR 402) and BLM policy (6840 Manual, IM UT No. 97-66). If any 

additional listed species or their habitats beyond the list considered in this planning process are found to 

be present on BLM lands in the future, the BLM will abide by the provisions of the ESA and manage 

these species and their habitats to promote recovery. Specific actions would include monitoring of listed 

species and their habitats on a regularly-scheduled basis. If any impacts are documented, immediate steps 

would be taken to prevent or mitigate these impacts, as applicable. If any projects are proposed by BLM 

or any other proponent where a listed species may be affected, the BLM will initiate consultation with the 

USFWS and/or National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) to ascertain that such 

projects do not jeopardize the continued existence of a listed species or adversely modify designated 

critical habitat. 

If any listed threatened and endangered (T&E) species are documented in the management area, begin 

regular monitoring to identify any important habitats. This would be accomplished in coordination with 

CDFG, USFWS, and NOAA. 

Inventory for elderberry and the valley elderberry longhorn beetle (VELB) will be conducted consistent 

with the draft elderberry recovery plan, to identify and implement management actions needed for the 

expansion and recovery of the VELB. Other species specific actions are described in the management 

area decisions (Section 3). 

2.2.1.2 Migratory Birds 

Guidelines for the management of migratory birds are in the Executive Order (13186) for Conservation of 

Migratory Birds (January 11, 2001). Of the approximately 900 migratory birds occurring in the United 

States, 131 are included on the most recent list (2002) and were selected as species of management 

concern at the national level, known by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) as Birds of 

Conservation Concern (BCC). Migratory bird species on this list documented within the Ukiah Field 

Office lands include peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus), prairie falcon (Falco mexicanus), burrowing owl 

(Athene cunicularia), long-billed curlew (Numenius americanus), rufous hummingbird (Selasphorus rufus), 

Lewis’s woodpecker (Melanerpes lewis), olive-sided flycatcher (Contopus borealis) and Lawrence’s goldfinch 

(Carduelis lawrencei). The management goals for these species will generally be achieved by habitat 

protection and enhancement as described in the Vegetation section, as well as specific management 

actions described in the management area decisions (Section 3). 

Management of migratory birds specifically at Cow Mountain and Cache Creek would be guided by 

recommendations included in several bird conservation plans prepared by the California Partners in 

Flight program. These plans include the Oak Woodlands, Riparian, and Coastal Scrub & Chaparral Plans 

and were written for land managers’ use in improving habitat for landbirds. The plans are dynamic 

documents that follow a continuous process of developing and updating conservation recommendations 

for California’s habitats based on the latest scientific monitoring and research data and helps provide the 

foundation for adaptive conservation management in California’s habitats. 

Focal species occurring at Cow Mountain and Cache Creek that are included within the Cal-PIF Oak 

Woodlands Conservation Plan include acorn woodpecker (Melanerpes formicivorus), blue-gray gnatcatcher 

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(Polioptila caerulea), lark sparrow (Chondestes grammacus), Nuttall’s woodpecker (Picoides nuttalli), oak titmouse 

(Baeolophus inornatus), western bluebird (Sialia mexicana), western scrub jay (Aphelocoma californica), and 

yellow-billed magpie (Pica nuttalli) (Cache Creek only). 

Focal species occurring at Cow Mountain and Cache Creek that are included within the Cal-PIF Riparian 

Conservation Plan include black-headed grosbeak (Pheucticus melanocephalus), common yellowthroat 

(Geothlypis trichas), song sparrow (Melospiza melodia), Swainson’s thrush (Catharus ustulatus), tree swallow 

(Tachycineta bicolor), warbling vireo (Vireo gilvus), Wilson’s warbler (Wilsonia pusilla) (Cow Mountain only), 

yellow-breasted chat (Icteria virens), and yellow warbler (Dendroica petechia). 

Focal species occurring at Cow Mountain and Cache Creek that are included within the Cal-PIF Coastal 

Scrub/ Chaparral Conservation Plan include black-chinned sparrow (Spizella atrogularis) (Cache Creek 

only), greater roadrunner (Geococcyx californianus), rufous-crowned sparrow (Aimophila ruficeps), sage 

sparrow (Amphispiza belli), and wrentit (Chamaea fasciata). 

• Avoid and minimize adverse impacts on migratory bird resources when conducting any project 

work, including habitat restoration activities. Ensure that energy development has adequate 

measures to protect migratory bird habitat and flight routes. Best management practices to 

protect migratory birds from adverse impacts of energy development will be required (see 

Appendix I for wind energy related BMPs). 

• Restore and enhance habitat for migratory birds in riparian and native oak habitats. 

• Design a monitoring plan to provide long term data regarding bird populations and their 

habitats. Components of this plan will include the use of bird point counts or area searches with 

the intent of gathering statistically valid samples to assess the long-term effectiveness of 

management activities. Collaboration with other entities such as Partners in Flight (PIF), 

Audubon Society, or graduate students will be encouraged for this monitoring effort. There will 

be priority placed on any species found that are included in the PIF Species of Continental 

Importance for the U.S. and Canada. Appropriate management will be implemented to protect 

these species from habitat loss and impacts to the population. 

2.2.1.3 Game Species 

The two key game species on lands managed by the Ukiah Field Office for which the majority of habitat 

development projects are initiated include blacktail deer and tule elk. 

Objective: Provide a mix of habitats necessary to support diverse and appropriate population levels of 

wildlife and fish game species. These habitats are intended to host a natural complement of species at 

population levels consistent with CDFG regulations. 

2.2.1.4 Reintroductions and Augmentations 

Objective: Maintain, restore, or enhance historic levels of wildlife species native to lands managed by the 

Ukiah Field Office. 

Management Actions: Per BLM policy, native species will be used in reintroductions and 

augmentations unless it is determined that: 

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UKIAH RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PLAN 

• Suitable native species are not available; 

• The natural biological diversity of the proposed management area would not be diminished; 

• Exotic and naturalized species can be confined within the proposed management area; 

• Analysis of ecological site inventory information indicates that a site would not support 

reestablishment of a species that historically was part of the natural environment; and 

• Resource management objectives cannot be met with native species. 

Examples of introductions of a nonnative species could be the use of approved biocontrol agents for 

noxious weed control or stocking of wildlife ponds with game fish such as bluegill and bass. 

2.2.1.5 Predator Control/Animal Damage Control 

Currently, no animal damage control (ADC) plan exists for the Ukiah Field Office. As mentioned in 

Livestock Grazing Management, the BLM grazing allotments are relatively small and ADC activities are 

easily carried out on the adjoining private lands if necessary. However, with more recreationists visiting 

the larger blocks of public land, such as Cow Mountain, Cache Creek Natural Area, and Stornetta, 

emergency control measures may be warranted for human safety if an animal (e.g. mountain lion or black 

bear) attack occurs. 

Management Actions: 

• ADC activities will be compatible with resource objectives identified in land use and/or activity 

plans for the area. 

• If an animal attack occurs or humans have been stalked by an animal, the appropriate ADC 

agency will conduct necessary control operations, in consultation with BLM, using permitted 

methods. 

• To address protection of human health, safety, forest and range resources, other wildlife, 

agricultural crops, and livestock, the plan will be jointly prepared (if necessary) by the BLM and 

U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS). 

2.3 VEGETATION MANAGEMENT 

2.3.1 Introduction 

Vegetation management includes different levels of prescribed burning and various methods for 

eradicating or reducing exotic or noxious weeds. Vegetation management could also include changing a 

vegetative community to a lower seral stage that provides more benefits (i.e., forage, cover) for wildlife 

populations. Methods of vegetation management considered include prescribed burning (see Fire 

Management); mechanical methods such as mowing, plowing, and mastication; livestock grazing; and the 

use of pesticides. 

BLM Sensitive species are generally afforded the same protections under BLM policy as species listed as 

threatened or endangered through the Endangered Species Act. 

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Goals: 

• Produce and/or maintain a mosaic of compositionally and structurally diverse habitat types and 

plant communities. 

• Prevent the spread on noxious weeds. 

Management Actions: 

• All visitors, permittees, and operators are required to use California certified noxious weed seedfree hay, straw, or mulch when visiting or conducting activities on public lands covered by this 

plan. This requirement affects visitors who use hay, straw, or mulch on BLM-administered 

lands, such as: recreationists using pack and saddle stock, ranchers with grazing permits, 

outfitters, and contractors and operators who use straw or other mulch for erosion control or 

reclamation purposes. Individuals or groups are required to use California certified weed seedfree forage and mulch products, or use other approved products, such as processed grains and 

pellets, while on BLM-administered lands. Public land users are required to have a certificate 

that the product is weed free. 

• To reduce the threat of sudden oak death (Phytopthera ramorum) to the oak woodlands and 

forested habitats, BLM will work cooperatively with the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) 

and Mendocino County Agricultural Commission in addition to other applicable agencies to 

remain informed of current research related to the spread of this pathogen. 

• Complete prescribed burning and non-fire fuels treatments as outlined in Fire Management 

• Follow management prescriptions as described in the recovery plans for listed species known to 

occur in the planning area. 

2.4 RIPARIAN AND WETLAND RESOURCES 

2.4.1 Introduction 

Riparian and wetland areas are functioning properly when adequate vegetation, landform, or large woody 

debris is present (For more on properly functioning condition, see U.S. Department of the Interior 

(USDI), Bureau of Land Management manual TR 1737-9 1993. Riparian Area Management, Process for 

Assessing Proper Functioning Condition). Approximately 91 percent (248 miles) of riparian areas are in 

Properly Functioning Condition (PFC). 

Goal: Rehabilitate, restore, and maintain riparian and wetland areas. 

Objectives: 

• Achieve PFC in all riparian and wetland areas. 

• Maintain native riparian communities and eradicate exotics on approximately 272 miles of 

streams. 

Management Actions: Due to limitations on access, management activities for the Scattered Tracts unit 

may not be possible. 

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• Assess riparian areas that are not in PFC. Become familiar with riparian/wetland areas and their 

unique characterizations and interactions with vegetation, soils, and hydrology. 

• Develop and implement projects or change impacting uses to achieve or maintain PFC. 

• Continue to collaborate with watershed groups, educational institutions, resource conservation 

districts, and other interested parties in management activities. 

2.5 CULTURAL AND HISTORIC RESOURCES 

2.5.1 Introduction 

The Ukiah Field Office manages a substantial amount of cultural resources, both archaeological and 

traditional cultural. Management efforts generally aim to prevent, and when necessary, reduce or 

eliminate damage from other uses. Management goals and objectives also prioritize increased user 

awareness of cultural resource values through public education and outreach. 

Goals: 

• Identify, preserve, and protect significant cultural resources and ensure that they are available for 

appropriate uses by present and future generations (FLPMA, Sec. 103 (c), 201 (a), 202 (c); 

National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) Sec. 110 (a); Archaeological Resources Protection 

Act (ARPA), Sec. 14 (a)). 

• Seek to reduce imminent threats and resolve potential conflicts from natural or human-caused 

deterioration, or potential conflict with other resource uses (FLPMA Section 103 (c), NHPA 

106, 110 (a) (2)) by ensuring that all authorizations for land and resource use would comply with 

the NHPA. 

Objectives: All cultural properties within the RMP area, whether already identified or projected to occur 

on the basis of existing data-synthesis, will be allocated to the uses in Table 2-1. These uses pertain 

specifically to cultural resources, and not to areas of land. 

Table 2-1: Cultural Use Allocations and Desired Outcomes 

USE ALLOCATION 1 DESIRED OUTCOMES 

(a) Scientific use Preserved until research potential is realized 

(b) Conservation for future use Preserved until conditions for use are met 

(c) Traditional use Long-term preservation 

(d) Public use Long-term preservation, on-site interpretation 

(e) Experimental use Protected until used 

(f) Discharged from management No use after recordation; not preserved 

1 The majority of the cultural properties will fall into categories (a) and (f). The less-common properties in categories (b)–(e) are 

likely to be associated with particular settings. Properties in categories (b)–(d) will require the most attention to balance their 

proactive uses with other land and resource uses. 

Management Actions: 

• Conduct field evaluations and establish use allocations consistent with those found in Table 2-1. 

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• Prioritize archaeological inventory and site documentation for newly acquired public lands within 

Cache Creek and Stornetta, as well as uninventoried portions of Cow Mountain and Knoxville. 

• Minimize and prevent human-caused damage to cultural resources and places, such as casual 

surface collection of artifacts and intentional vandalism, through educational and interpretive 

outreach programs. Utilize various interpretive mediums, signs, and public education programs 

to inform the public of cultural resource values where opportunities exist, and no harm would 

come to cultural resources as a result of undue attention. 

• Minimize and prevent damage to cultural resources from streambank erosion and natural 

wearing down of land surfaces through scientific research and active site monitoring. 

• Minimize and prevent impacts to traditional cultural resources and places by: 

⎯ Restricting pesticide and herbicide use in traditionally used plant communities; 

⎯ Controlling commercial collection of natural resources to prevent over-collection; and 

⎯ Preventing environmental degradation caused by cattle grazing and other modern activities 

through regular and timely consultation with tribes and active site monitoring. 

• Continue consultation with Tribes on cultural resources uses and places. 

• Where feasible, BLM will implement a site stewardship program with cooperating Tribes to 

protect and monitor significant cultural resource areas. 

• Build upon existing historic and prehistoric overviews for the North Coast Range geographic 

province through continued scientific research contributions. 

• The Ukiah Field Office will operate within a framework that fosters and follows: 

⎯ The development and maintenance of strong working relationships with tribal entities and 

Native American individuals through increased coordination and consultation, as well as 

ensuring that Native American resources, sites, places, and/or social values are given proper 

consideration in land use planning. 

⎯ The continuation of cooperative relationships with educational institutions, students and 

other scientific researchers, tribes and volunteer organizations for the study and protection 

of cultural resources. 

• All undertakings proposed within the Ukiah Field Office will be preceded by project specific 

archaeological inventories and tribal consultation to ensure proper consideration of all resource 

values. All authorizations for land and resource use will comply with Section 106 of the NHPA, 

consistent with and subject to the objectives established in the Plan for proactive use of cultural 

resources in the public interest (NHPA Sec. 106, 101(d)(6), 110(a)(2)(E); National BLM-ACHPNCSHPO Programmatic Agreement of March 1997; California BLM-SHPO Protocol 

Agreement of 1998). 

• Current practices for cultural resources management will continue to utilize the BLM 8100 

Manual Series, existing laws, regulations, policies, and the BLM California Programmatic 

Agreement (PA) with the SHPO. The PA prescribes the manner in which the BLM and the 

SHPO would cooperatively implement legal mandates, and is intended to ensure that the State 

organizes its programs to operate efficiently and effectively in accordance with the intent and 

requirements of the National Historic Preservation Act and other laws, regulations, and policies 

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UKIAH RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PLAN 

requiring consideration of cultural resource values (FLPMA Sec. 103(c), 201(a), 202(c); NHPA 

Sec. 110(a); ARPA Sec. 14(a)). 

• The BLM will continue to consult with Native American Tribes and individuals to ensure 

compliance with federal laws, regulations and policies. Site monitoring activities, law 

enforcement patrols, and coordination and collaboration with Native Americans will continue, as 

will research and public education efforts. 

• Take a proactive approach to archaeological surveys, site documentation and evaluations/NRHP 

nominations for newly acquired lands in Cache Creek and Stornetta. 

• Develop Regional Overviews for Cow Mountain, Knoxville, and Stornetta. 

• Identify at-risk sites throughout all lands managed by the Ukiah Field Office and develop 

protection and stabilization projects as needed. 

2.6 LANDS AND REALTY 

2.6.1 Introduction 

The lands and realty program addresses the tenure, or ownership, of lands and interest in lands managed 

by the BLM. Additionally, the lands and realty program addresses land use authorizations, which include 

rights-of-way (ROWs), leases, and permits. Authorization of wind energy development and activities is 

addressed separately in the Wind Energy section. Lands may be identified as avoidance or exclusion 

areas for land use authorizations, defined as follows: 

Avoidance area: An area only available for land use authorizations if there are no other reasonable alternatives 

for the authorization. 

Exclusion area: An area that is not available for land use authorizations. 

Existing withdrawals are described in Appendix B. Many of the existing withdrawals are currently being 

considered for revocation by the Department of the Interior. Proposed withdrawals are addressed in the 

Energy and Minerals section. BLM does not have authority to establish or revoke withdrawals; BLM 

makes recommendations to the Secretary of the Interior. 

Goal: 

In coordination with federal agencies, tribes, state and local governments, and private landowners, manage 

public land ownership to improve management efficiency and facilitate multiple uses and the public’s 

enjoyment of these lands. 

Objectives: 

Land Tenure 

• Retain public lands that enhance multiple uses and protect significant resource values. 

• Dispose of lands and interest in lands to support local community and development needs 

and/or to improve efficiency in BLM management of lands and resources. 

• Acquire lands to complement existing resource values and/or meet public needs. 

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Land Use Authorizations 

• Meet public needs for land use authorizations (right-of-way, leases, and permits) while meeting 

plan goals and minimizing impacts to resource values. 

Management Actions: 

Land Tenure 

1. Retain all lands, except where lands could be exchanged for lands that have greater management 

efficiency, to gain public values, or to serve important public purposes. This does not apply to 

lands identified below in #2 and #3. 

2. Retain lands designated as Wilderness Areas, Wilderness Study Areas, Stornetta public lands, 

Cache Creek, and ACECs. Retain acquired lands and acquired interests in lands. 

• Identify parcels depicted on Figures 11 through 18 for potential disposal (approximately 10,365 

acres), subject to site specific assessment. These lands are identified as meeting the criteria for 

potential disposal by sale outlined in the Federal Land Policy and Management Act, Section 203. 

Prior to any disposal, a site-specific analysis must determine that the lands considered: 

• contain no significant wildlife, recreation, or other resource values the loss of which 

cannot be mitigated; 

• have no overriding public values; 

• are not within or adjacent to a special designation area; and 

• represent no substantial public investments. 

• Analyze all proposed land ownership adjustment actions on a project-by-project basis and in 

project specific environmental reviews. 

• Manage lands acquired within designated special management areas (including areas of critical 

environmental concern (ACECs), wilderness study areas (WSAs), wilderness areas, Special 

Recreation Management Areas (SRMAs), research natural areas, etc.) in the same manner as the 

surrounding special management area. 

• Manage lands acquired outside of designated special management areas in the same manner as 

comparable surrounding public lands. 

• Consider disposal of federal minerals underlying non-federal surface lands in federal ownership 

on a case-by-case basis if found to be in the public interest. 

• Continue to acquire private inholdings adjacent to or within the eight management units (not 

including Scattered Tracts), from willing parties as opportunities arise. 

• Continue to obtain legal public access or administrative access from willing landowners on a 

case-by-case basis as the need or opportunity arises. 

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Land Use Authorizations 

• Wilderness study areas (WSAs) will be managed under the Interim Management Policy for Lands 

under Wilderness Review (H-8550-1); WSAs and designated wilderness areas are exclusion areas 

except as otherwise provided for by law. 

• New land use authorizations will be located within or adjacent to existing land use 

authorizations, to the extent practical. In particular, new communication site users will be 

required to go into existing facilities that have available space or into existing multi-user facilities 

on peaks where they exist. Site plans will be completed prior to authorizing communications 

sites in new areas. 

• Owners of non-federal land surrounded by public land managed under FLPMA will be allowed a 

degree of access across public land, which will provide for the reasonable use and enjoyment of 

the non-federal land. 

• Applications for land use authorizations outside of exclusion areas will be analyzed and 

mitigation measures will be applied on a case-by-case basis. 

• In accordance with current policy, land use authorizations will not be issued for uses that would 

involve the disposal or storage of materials which could contaminate the land (i.e., hazardous 

waste disposal sites, landfills, rifle ranges, etc.). 

• Rights-of-way, leases, permits, or easements will not be required for those activities that are 

considered casual use of public lands. 

• Suggested Practices for Raptor Protection on Power Lines (APLIC 1996), or subsequent versions of this 

guidance, will be implemented in the construction and operation of authorized facilities. 

2.7 SPECIAL DESIGNATIONS 

2.7.1 Introduction 

Wilderness 

The Ukiah Field Office currently manages two wilderness study areas (WSAs), which were designated as 

a part of BLM’s original wilderness inventory (see Figure 2-1). Management of lands having wilderness 

characteristics is a part of BLM’s multiple-use mandate, and is recognized within the spectrum of 

resource values and uses. Wilderness characteristics are associated with lands with the following traits: 

• Affected primarily by the forces of nature, with the imprint of man’s work substantially 

unnoticeable.

• Outstanding opportunities for solitude or a primitive and unconfined type of recreation. 

• At least five thousand acres of land or of sufficient size as to make practicable its preservation 

and use in unimpaired condition. 

• Potentially containing ecological, geological, or other features of scientific, educational, scenic, or 

historical value. 

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UKIAH RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PLAN 

These lands may be managed to protect these wilderness values. They may also be managed for the use 

and enjoyment of the public, and may be devoted to the public purposes of recreation, scenic, scientific, 

educational, conservation, and historical uses. In addition, they could augment multiple-use management 

of adjacent and nearby lands through the protection of watersheds and water yield, wildlife habitat, 

natural plant communities, and similar natural values. 

Certain lands within the Cache Creek and Berryessa management areas were assessed for their wilderness 

characteristics as part of this RMP process. Lands assessed were either new acquisitions since 1979, or 

other BLM lands existing in 1979 that were not originally designated WSA, but for which the situation 

has significantly changed, such that the lands may now have wilderness characteristics. The area was 

divided into identifiable subunits. Most of the assessment areas abut the existing Cache Creek WSA. 

Other land acquisitions, including Black Forest (247 acres), Stornetta Ranch (1,132 acres), and American 

Land Conservancy parcels on Walker Ridge (480 acres), were too small and therefore lacked wilderness 

characteristics. 

Wild and Scenic Rivers 

In accordance with the Wild and Scenic Rivers Act (16 USC 1271-1287) and as part of the RMP process, 

BLM first conducted a review to assess and evaluate all river segments in the BLM Ukiah Field Office for 

eligibility for inclusion in the National Wild and Scenic River (NWSRS) System. Following an assessment 

of eligibility, BLM makes recommendations as to the suitability of eligible river segments for inclusion in 

the Wild and Scenic River System through the land use planning process. 

Areas of Critical Environmental Concern (ACECs) 

ACECs are areas of public land where special management attention is required to protect relevant and 

important natural and/or cultural resource values. The ACEC designation indicates that the BLM 

recognizes these significant values and has established special management measures to protect them. 

Management Actions: 

Wilderness 

• Manage any future lands acquired within WSA boundaries to protect their wilderness 

characteristics.

Wild and Scenic Rivers 

The following Protective Management will apply to river segments found to be suitable for inclusion in 

the NWSRS: 

• Free-flowing Values: The free-flowing characteristics of river segments cannot be modified to 

allow stream impoundments, diversions, channelization, and/or rip-rapping to the extent the 

BLM is authorized under the law. 

• River-related Values: Each segment shall be managed to protect identified outstandingly 

remarkable values (subject to valid existing rights) and, to the extent practicable such values shall 

be enhanced. 

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UKIAH RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PLAN 

• Classification Impacts: Management and development of the river and its corridor cannot be 

modified, subject to valid existing rights, to the degree that its eligibility or suitability 

classification would be affected. 

ACECs 

• Lands acquired adjacent to or sharing attributes of ACECs will be incorporated into that ACEC 

provided they have the same relevant and important values. 

2.8 FOREST MANAGEMENT 

2.8.1 Introduction 

Commercial forest lands (capable of producing merchantable species of timber, as well as a variety of 

non-timber benefits) exist on public lands only in the Cow Mountain area, in the Scattered Tracts Area 

west of Highway 101, and the Black Forest. 

Goal: Manage forested lands to protect and/or enhance recreational and biological resources. 

Management Actions: No commercial timber harvest is allowed in any management area. 

2.9 LIVESTOCK GRAZING MANAGEMENT 

2.9.1 Common to All Management Areas 

Objective: Livestock grazing will meet and follow the Northwestern California Standards and 

Guidelines for Livestock Grazing and will be manageable. 

Management Actions: 

• Livestock grazing will be modified or eliminated in allotments not meeting the Northwestern 

California Standards for Livestock Grazing where livestock is the cause for not meeting the 

standards. 

• Determinations of whether an area is manageable for livestock grazing is be based on the 

following: 

⎯ 20 AUMs or less of livestock forage, the area is not considered manageable due to the 

administrative costs involved. 

⎯ Between 20 and 100 AUMs, the area is not likely to be manageable due to the administrative 

costs involved. 

⎯ Over 100 AUMs of forage, the area is manageable for livestock grazing. 

• Livestock will be excluded from areas burned by wildfire until monitoring results, documented in 

writing, show emergency stabilization and rehabilitation objectives have been met. Objectives 

must be clearly defined in the Emergency Stabilization and/or Rehabilitation Plan. 

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UKIAH RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PLAN 

• Areas available for livestock grazing will be rested from grazing for two growing seasons after 

seeding projects. 

• Public lands that are available for grazing may also be available for disposal (see Lands and Realty 

section). 

• With the exception of Stornetta, areas outside the existing allotments are available for livestock 

use as a tool for weed control and/or hazardous fuels reduction. 

2.10 FIRE MANAGEMENT 

Management Actions: Develop and maintain a Fire Management Plan (FMP). A FMP is a strategic 

document that identifies and integrates all wildland fire management guidance, direction, and activities. It 

reflects and integrates fire management direction from the RMP, subsequent amendments to the RMP, 

and other applicable Special Management and/or Activity Plans. 

Wildfire Suppression 

Goal: Provide an appropriate management response on all wildland fires, emphasizing firefighter and 

public safety. 

Management Actions: 

• Prioritize fires based on values to be protected commensurate with cost. 

• ACECs, SRMAs, Wilderness areas, WSAs, Wild and Scenic River Corridors (suitable and 

designated), and certain other public lands require modified suppression techniques to protect 

the known values. Modified suppression techniques will be identified in subsequent activity 

plans for these critical areas. 

• Identify high priority wildfire risk areas (e.g., Wildland Urban Interface, critical habitats and 

cultural areas) in the FMP. 

• The FMP will list Values At-risk and the Communities At-risk within each Fire Management 

Unit (FMU). These lists may change as communities are removed or added each year. 

• Limit the intensity of fire suppression efforts to the most economical response consistent with 

human and resource values at risk. 

• Prohibit the use of bulldozers and other heavy equipment in WSAs, riparian areas, cultural sites, 

and ACECs. This restriction may be lifted by the Field Manager to protect human life, private 

property, structures, visitor safety or sensitive or valuable resources. 

• Protect sensitive cultural resource sites from damage by fire and/or fire suppression actions. 

• When determining the most appropriate fire management response, compare the potential 

effects that could occur from the fire itself, versus potential impacts from proposed suppression 

activities. Choose suppression tactics that would be the least impacting on sensitive resources, 

recognizing that in some cases this could result in more acres burned. 

16 
UKIAH RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PLAN 

• Limit the use of fire retardant drops to prevent damage to vernal pools and associated aquatic 

species. Retardant should be kept away from waterways. 

• Coordinate with tribes if known Traditional Cultural Properties (TCP) are involved in wildland 

fires based on resource specialist information. 

Fuels Management 

Goal: 

• Manage fuels to mimic the natural role of fire while enhancing resource values. 

• Reduce fire risk to the wildland urban interface (WUI) communities. 

• Promote greater diversity within plant communities with the use of fire. 

• Protect riparian and wetland areas. 

Management Actions: 

• Monitor fire/fuels treatment effects and adjust plans as needed. 

• Work collaboratively with managing partners, Joint Fire Science Program and academic 

institutions to design and implement monitoring and/or research studies to evaluate the post 

treatment effects of prescribed burning, mechanical, biological and/or chemical treatments. 

• Develop prescribed burn units within the Cache Creek, Cow Mountain, and Indian Valley 

management units that will be treated on a rotational basis. 

• Develop and maintain fuel breaks along the wildland urban interface using prescribed fire, 

mechanical, hand, biological and/or chemical treatments. 

• Work with local fire safe councils in the planning, devleopment and implementation of risk 

assessment and community protection plans. The risk assessment and community protection 

plans will set forth and prioritize hazard reduction projects. 

• Protect the primitive nature of public lands within WSAs from any action affecting the overall 

“naturalness” of the area. Restrict the use of heavy mechanical equipment within WSAs. 

• Maintain necessary width along riparian reserves in matrix lands to meet Aquatic Conservation 

Strategy objectives of the NFP. 

Fuels Management – Prescribed Burning 

Goal: Improve ecological conditions and reduce the risk of catastrophic wildfire through the use of 

prescribed burning. 

Management Actions: 

• Use fire as a natural land management tool for the control and eradication of noxious weeds (see 

Vegetation Management section). 

• In setting the average annual acreage to be burned through prescription, the intent is to burn on 

a rotational basis within approximately three of the eight management areas annually. Prescribed 

UKIAH FIELD OFFICE 17 
UKIAH RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PLAN 

burning will not be conducted in all of the management units each year. Constraints in obtaining 

the desired prescribed burn prescription include smoke management, air quality management, 

and personnel and resource availability. 

• Utilize prescribed burning to manage the chaparral community for fuel hazard reduction, wildlife 

habitat improvement, and increased local water yield and watershed enhancement. 

• Work collaboratively with managing partners to design and implement prescribed fire and fuels 

management projects across agency boundaries, where this interaction will improve the overall 

success of the project. 

• Prescribed burn plans for hazard reduction and vegetation management activities will occur 

during project level implementation and include appropriate environmental analysis. 

• Smoke management plans are required for all prescribed burn projects. 

• Establish a fire effects monitoring system that inventories pre-burn species composition and 

resulting post fire response, over time. 

• Targets for prescribed burning are outlined in the management area decions (Section 3) 

Fuel Management – Mechanical Treatments 

Goal: Improve ecological conditions and reduce the risk of catastrophic wildfire through mechanical 

treatments. 

Management Actions: 

• In setting decadal acres to be mechanically treated, the intent is to rotate within approximately 

three to four of the eight management areas annually. Funding and staffing constraints can limit 

the number of projects that can be completed annually. 

• Treated acres include mechanical treatments for fuels hazard reduction as well as mechanical 

treatments for fire science research and pre-treatment and/or line construction for prescribed 

burn projects. 

• Work collaboratively with local managing agencies and cooperator to design and implement fuels 

hazard reduction projects across agency boundaries, where this interaction will improve the 

overall success of the project. 

• Project level plans will include appropriate environmental analysis. 

• Targets for mechanical treatments are outlined in the management area decisions (Section 3). 

The acre targets only relate to acres for the initial entry. The acres displayed may relate to a 

single project within the ten year period or may be separated into several projects. There may be 

follow-up/maintenance entries into project areas for a portion or the whole area for each year or 

every other year for up to ten years. The FMP will be updated annually to display the estimated 

number of acres needed for follow-up/maintenance entries for implemented and planned 

projects. 

Fire Rehabilitation, Stabilization & Restoration 

Goal: Rehabilitate burned areas to mitigate adverse effects of fire on natural and cultural resources. 

18 
UKIAH RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PLAN 

Management Actions: 

• Native species will be used in reseedings to minimize noxious weed invasion. 

• Develop local or regional “Normal Fire Year Rehabilitation Plans.” 

• Monitor rehabilitation efforts to facilitate future planning and implementation. 

Prevention and Risk Mitigation & Education 

Goal: Increase public’s knowledge of the natural role of fire in the ecosystem, and hazards and risks 

associated with living in the WUI. 

Management Actions: 

• Work with communities, Fire Safe Councils, and other federal and state agencies in the 

development and implementation of risk assessment and community protection plans. 

• Educate the public on fire risk and prevention measures. 

• Employ fire prevention strategies that reduce human ignition occurrence on public land within 

the Ukiah Field Office. 

2.11 ENERGY AND MINERALS 

2.11.1 Introduction 

This section addresses management options for solid minerals and fluid minerals. Solid minerals include 

locatable minerals and salable minerals. Fluid minerals are leasable minerals, including oil and gas and 

geothermal energy. Wind Energy is addressed in the Wind Energy section. See Appendix F for the 

Reasonable Foreseeable Development (RFD) Scenarios for oil and gas resources in the Ukiah Field 

Office; Appendix E for the Solid Minerals RFD, and; Appendix D for the Geothermal RFDs. 

Goals: 

• Provide necessary solid minerals to meet public demand, while protecting the natural resources 

in the planning area. 

• Provide necessary access to federal mineral resources for energy development (oil, gas, and 

geothermal) to meet public demand, while protecting the natural resources in the planning area. 

2.11.2 Management Actions: 

• New withdrawal proposals will be considered on a case-by-case basis, where resource values or 

agency investments are best protected by withdrawals. Lands proposed to be withdrawn should 

be the minimum area required for the intended use and where applicable alternative prescriptions 

(i.e., the use of rights-of-way, leases, permits, or cooperative agreements) are inadequate to 

protect the resource values. 

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UKIAH RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PLAN 

• Existing withdrawals are outlined in Appendix B. Existing withdrawals will continue to be 

reviewed on a periodic basis and may be recommended for revocation according to the FLPMA. 

Solid Minerals 

• Lands in the Ukiah Field Office are available for locatable mineral entry and development and 

mineral materials sales except withdrawals, as outlined below, and as outlined in the management 

area decisions (Section 3). 

• Wilderness study areas (WSAs) will be managed under the Interim Management Policy for Lands 

under Wilderness Review (H-8550-1). Locatable mineral exploration and development activities 

within WSAs can occur in accordance with the mining laws, but are limited to only those actions 

that do not require reclamation, unless the operation had established grandfathered uses or valid 

existing rights by October 21, 1976. WSAs are closed to mineral materials disposal. 

Fluid Minerals 

Lands in the planning area are available for fluid mineral leasing except withdrawals, as outlined below, 

and in the management area decisions (Section 3). 

• Wilderness study areas (WSAs) will be managed under the Interim Management Policy for Lands 

under Wilderness Review (H-8550-1). 

2.12 WIND ENERGY 

2.12.1 Introduction 

Wind energy is managed as a land use authorization, under the right-of-way authority. Because of the 

unique nature of wind energy management, it is addressed in an independent section, separate from 

Energy and Minerals and Lands and Realty. See Appendix G for the Reasonable Foreseeable 

Development (RFD) Scenario for wind energy resources in the Ukiah Field Office. See Appendix H for 

Wind Energy Potential in the Ukiah Field Office as shown by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory 

(NREL). 

Public land that is designated as an exclusion area is not be available for wind energy development. 

Public land that is designated as an avoidance area will only be available for wind energy development if 

there are no other reasonable alternatives for the development. Areas not designated for exclusion or 

avoidance are available for wind energy development. 

Goals: 

• Increase renewable energy production on federal land, involving all interested persons in a 

careful and open process. 

• Meet national energy needs, while protecting sensitive resources for future generations. 

20 
UKIAH RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PLAN 

Management Actions: 

• The planning area is generally available for consideration of wind energy development, except as 

outlined below and in the management area decisions (Section 3). 

• All wind energy development will be subject to the Wind Energy Best Management Practices 

(see Appendix I). 

• Wilderness areas and wilderness study areas (WSAs) are designated as exclusion areas. 

2.13 TRAVEL MANAGEMENT AND ROUTE DESIGNATION 

2.13.1 Introduction 

The purpose of travel management is to provide a route network for recreational use and public access to 

the BLM managed lands, while minimizing impacts on natural and cultural resources in the area. These 

routes are designed and managed to blend with the character of each geographic zone, and to allow for a 

diversity of uses and experiences. This route system is both manageable and sustainable, and is 

compatible with the new Recreation Opportunity Spectrum (ROS) program (see Recreation section). 

Restrictions on use are sometimes needed to ensure safety or to protect resources from degradation due 

to excessive erosion. 

Definitions: 

• Official use means use by an employee, agent, or designated representative of the Federal 

Government or one of its contractors, in the course of his employment, agency or 

representation. 

• Open area means an area where all types of vehicle use is permitted at all times, anywhere in the 

area subject to the operating regulations and vehicle standards set forth in 43 CFR 8341 and 

8342. 

• Limited area means an area restricted at certain times, in certain areas, and/or to certain vehicular 

use. These restrictions may be of any type, but can generally be accommodated within the 

following type of categories; numbers of vehicles; types of vehicles; time or season of vehicle 

use; permitted or licensed use only; use on existing roads and trails; use on designated roads and 

trails; and other restrictions. 

• Closed area means an area where off-road vehicle use is prohibited. Use of off-road vehicles in 

closed areas may be allowed for certain reasons; however, such use shall be made only with the 

approval of the authorized officer. 

• Off-road vehicle means any motorized vehicle capable of, or designed for, travel on or immediately 

over land, water, or other natural terrain, excluding: 

⎯ Any nonamphibious registered motorboat; 

⎯ Any military, fire, emergency, or law enforcement vehicle while being used for emergency 

purposes; 

⎯ Any vehicle whose use is expressly authorized officer, or otherwise officially approved; 

UKIAH FIELD OFFICE 21 
UKIAH RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PLAN 

⎯ Vehicles in official use; and 

⎯ Any combat or combat support vehicle when used in times of national defense emergencies. 

Goals: 

• Develop a comprehensive travel management system that improves access and recreation 

opportunities, provides experiences that complement the character of each geographic zone and 

the surrounding regions, and minimizes impacts to the resources. 

• Improve on-the-ground travel management operations and maintenance programs to sustain and 

enhance recreation opportunities. 

• Improve signing, mapping, and travel information and education for BLM public lands visitors. 

• Expand and pursue partnerships, sources of funding, and guidance for transportation and travel 

management. 

• Provide administrative/official, fire and emergency access for management and protection of the 

area visitors, resources, and facilities. 

• Improve public access to trailheads, campgrounds, and other BLM managed lands and facilities. 

• Fulfill legal access requirements to private landowners and other right-of-way holders and land 

use permittees. (Specific access issues regarding private landowners are beyond the scope of this 

plan and would be addressed on an individual basis with each landowner.) 

• Minimize impacts to water quality and other resource objectives through proper design and 

maintenance of routes. 

2.13.2 Management Actions 

• All lands managed by the Ukiah Field Office, with the exception of wilderness study areas 

(WSAs), are designated as limited to designated routes for motorized and OHV use. 

• WSAs are designated as closed to OHV use. 

• The tables in Appendix A define the route network and outline what uses would be allowed on 

individual routes. 

• Any future trail development will be consistent with the management zone prescriptions and 

recreation program goals. Potential trail connections could include utilizing existing jeep roads 

and fire breaks/roads. Re-routing some of these segments may be required due to excessive 

steepness, erosion or poorly designed segments. These re-routed segments will be closed and 

rehabilitated. 

• The route network will be mapped and maps made available to the public. 

• BLM will coordinate with adjacent Federal, State, and County agencies for consistent travel 

management. 

• BLM will coordinate with agencies, groups, and individuals to develop a route system that is 

both manageable and sustainable. 

• Coordinate with and assist County agencies in ensuring that the county road system 

complements BLM resource protection and public access needs. 

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UKIAH RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PLAN 

• Follow the OHV Management Guidelines developed by the Northwest California Resource 

Advisory Council where feasible and as consistent with goals and objectives for other resources 

and uses as outlined in the plan (see Appendix J). 

2.14 RECREATION 

Recreation management is one of the major challenges in the Ukiah Field Office, as recreational use 

represents the greatest demand for use of the public lands in the planning area and the natural resources 

can be degraded if too many people visit at the same time. There is a strong consensus among user 

groups that maintaining a positive experience, including maintenance of existing facilities and trails, is 

important; also, increasing demands indicate the need for a wide variety of activities and experiences. 

The RMP provides a broad spectrum of recreation management, including facilities development, 

signage, permitting systems to balance access levels, and opportunities for visitors to find solitude. As a 

result, management zones are planned for different types and levels of recreation use, so as to direct users 

to the areas most appropriate for their interests and activities. 

The RMP was developed with two concepts as the primary framework: Recreation Opportunity 

Spectrum (ROS) and Special Recreation Management Areas. A recreation opportunity is a chance to 

engage in a preferred activity within a desired setting to realize desired experiences. The ROS is a 

framework characterizing the relationship between human uses and physical settings. Opportunities for 

recreation are classified along a spectrum ranging from Primitive to Urban. The classifications are based 

upon a combination of qualities provided by nature, qualities associated with recreational use, and 

conditions provided by management. Variations on these qualities provide an array of opportunities and 

ample choices for recreationists. 

Goals: 

• Provide a range of outdoor recreation settings, experiences, and opportunities that balance the 

public’s demand while minimizing recreation impacts to other resources. 

• Ensure a quality experience and enjoyment of natural and cultural resources. 

• Manage off-highway vehicle, non-motorized , and mechanized use on BLM-administered land to 

protect natural resources, provide visitor safety, and minimize conflicts among various users. 

• Encourage collaborative partnerships, volunteers, and citizen-centered public service. 

2.14.1 Recreation Opportunity Spectrum (ROS) 

ROS is used as a management tool for a number of reasons. ROS serves as a method of inventorying 

existing physical and social conditions, assists in the analysis of the impacts of activities, and helps 

structure management decisions. ROS helps ensure that activities sharing access to resources are 

complementary and it assists in the development of goals, indicators and standards. In this plan, ROS is 

used to ensure that recreational uses that occur at the same time and in the same area are compatible. 

ROS classes will help users and managers determine appropriate uses of recreational resources in the 

Ukiah Field Office. ROS classes are an important part of an integrated management program that meets 

the goals and objectives of the RMP and addresses resource impacts. 

UKIAH FIELD OFFICE 23 
UKIAH RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PLAN 

Management of recreation opportunities through the ROS is guided by BLM Manual 8320. ROS 

management is consistent with the Travel Management and Route Designation and Visual Resource 

decisions and other resource management considerations. The following describe the ROS zones. 

Primitive Zone 

Primitive Zone is undisturbed natural landscape with no developed facilities. Management activities 

would use the least intrusive methods to maintain and restore the area to a natural functioning ecosystem. 

Important resource management objectives would be accomplished primarily with hand tools. 

Appropriate public use would include non-mechanized and non-motorized activities with no facilities 

other than trails. This environmental setting offers the greatest opportunity for solitude, challenge, and 

self-sufficiency. 

Objective: Provide a variety of non-motorized and non-mechanized recreational experiences while 

maintaining the high visual quality of the area and protecting the area’s natural resources. 

Physical Setting/Facilities 

Maintain a naturally appearing landscape, with the sights, sounds, and forces of nature being the 

predominant physical features and sensations that visitors experience. The works and impacts of humans 

are minimal in extent and transitory in nature. 

Social Setting 

Provide for levels of use that meet public demand and allow freedom of access while managing to 

provide opportunities for solitude and quality, primitive recreation. 

Visitors are expected to practice a level of personal responsibility and self-sufficiency commensurate with 

a self-directed primitive experience. 

Management Presence 

The majority of management actions will occur off-site so that visitors can experience freedom to choose 

travel and camping locations once they enter the Primitive Zone. Management actions will prepare 

visitors to enter and use the primitive area safely and with minimal impacts to resources and other 

visitors. 

Management presence on-site is subtle, with minimal levels of direct visitor contact by BLM specialists 

and intermittent patrols by law enforcement rangers. 

Allowable Uses 

In general, only non-motorized recreation activities are allowed, including hiking, backpacking, equestrian 

use, camping, environmental education, hunting, wildlife viewing, and other activities consistent with the 

goal of emphasizing primitive experiences. 

24 
UKIAH RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PLAN 

Domestic Animals 

Dogs and pack livestock may be limited to designated routes and/or designated areas only. 

Management Actions 

Actions proposed to achieve zone management objectives include permit systems for organized groups 

and resource monitoring. 

Visitor Use Management 

• Use Allocations. If use results in unacceptable resource damage, a comprehensive visitor use 

allocation plan will be developed to manage anticipated increasing visitor numbers. This system 

would be designed to prevent unacceptable resource impacts and ensure a high quality visitor 

experience. The visitor use allocation system would attempt to redistribute use as one means to 

reduce resource impacts and visitor encounters. Visitor use allocation would be based on 

existing and projected visitor use numbers and measurable resource impacts. This allocation 

system is an adaptive strategy that would progress, as needed and based upon monitoring 

information, from limits on commercial groups to permitting all users within established limits 

on popular holiday weekends, to high-use season permits, to year round permits, as future 

increases in visitation necessitate. These programs serve to protect natural resources and provide 

quality opportunities for the types of experiences called for under area management goals. The 

need for such a system may be based on factors such as measurable resource 

damage/deterioration, decreasing visitor enjoyment of the area, visitor conflicts, and permittee 

complaints. The advantages of establishing a use allocation system are to prevent undesirable 

resource deterioration and ensure continued high quality primitive experiences. The 

disadvantages of such a system include the potential inconvenience for visitors to obtain a permit 

and disallowing some people and organized groups from visiting the backcountry during heavy 

use periods. In addition, implementing and managing such a program would increase the 

administrative burden (i.e., additional time and money) for the BLM. 

• Special Recreation Permits. Permit applications would be accepted for non-motorized 

recreational activities for both commercial and non-commercial activities. Competitive events 

are not considered appropriate for the Primitive Zone goals and objectives. Applications are 

reviewed on the case-by-case basis and a NEPA analysis may be required. The concept of 

managing specific areas within the Primitive Zone for higher or lower visitation is an attempt to 

accommodate organized groups and an optimum number of visitors while protecting the 

opportunities for solitude and primitive recreation. 

Facility Development 

There will be no facility development. 

Trails 

New trails development or construction is not a priority or emphasized in primitive areas. 

UKIAH FIELD OFFICE 25 
UKIAH RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PLAN 

Signage and Interpretation 

All signs and interpretive information will be installed in other zones to provide for visitor safety and 

resource protection. 

Monitoring 

Some monitoring will be necessary to determine visitor use levels, vandalism, potential visitor safety 

problems, and resource damage. Monitoring will be conducted by use of observation sheets, patrol logs 

and/or direct visitor contact. 

Backcountry Zone 

Backcountry is essentially roadless, with a primary management goal focused on recognizing and 

managing this unique and undeveloped area. This zone primarily provides a wildland recreation 

experience to visitors while protecting resources such as watersheds, wildlife, and open coastal range 

grasslands. This environmental setting offers a great opportunity for solitude, challenge, and selfsufficiency. 

The BLM will achieve most important resource management objectives and actions with hand tools. 

Appropriate public use includes non-motorized activities with few facilities for resource protection, such 

as trails, signs, and sanitary facilities. 

Objective: Provide high quality non-motorized and mechanized recreational opportunities. Allow for 

levels of predominantly self-directing recreational use that provide for high quality opportunities for 

solitude and freedom of access while protecting the diverse scenic and natural resources in the area. 

Physical Setting/Facilities 

Maintain a naturally appearing landscape, with the sights, sounds, and forces of nature being the 

predominant physical features and sensations that visitors experience. The works and impacts of humans 

are minimal in extent and natural in appearance. 

Maintain a network of backcountry trails and directional signing. Other facilities will be the minimum 

necessary for visitor safety (commensurate with the backcountry setting) and resource protection. Onsite facilities will be provided only after alternative means of addressing resource protection and safety 

issues have been exhausted. Facilities will not be installed for visitor convenience. 

Social Setting 

Provide for levels of use that allow for solitude and low levels of encounters between visitors at most 

locations and times of the year. Levels of use during summer weekends and at popular campsites will 

allow moderate levels of encounters between visitors. 

Visitors are expected to practice a level of personal responsibility and self-sufficiency commensurate with 

a self-directed backcountry experience. 

26 
UKIAH RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PLAN 

Allowable Uses 

In general, non-motorized and mechanized recreation activities are allowed, including hiking, 

backpacking, mountain biking, equestrian use, camping, environmental education, hunting, wildlife 

viewing, and other activities consistent with the goal of emphasizing backcountry experiences. 

Domestic Animals 

Dogs under control and pack livestock (horses and llamas) allowed, but may be limited to designated 

routes. 

Management Actions 

Actions proposed to achieve zone management objectives include permit systems, developing facilities 

for resource protection, maintaining a trail system, signing and interpretive information, visitor use, and 

resource monitoring, and identification of special management areas. 

Visitor Use Management 

• Use Allocations. Same as Primitive zone 

Facility Development 

Minimal backcountry facilities will be developed to provide a level of visitor safety. Facilities will be 

installed in the backcountry only after other management techniques have been proven ineffective at 

resource protection. 

Trails 

Maintain network of backcountry trails for predominantly self-directed hiking/backpacking, mountain 

biking and equestrian use to offer a diversity of backcountry use opportunities. 

Signage and Interpretation 

Minimal backcountry signs and interpretive information will be installed and maintained, as required to 

provide for visitor safety and resource protection. All signs and interpretive structures will be 

aesthetically pleasing (i.e., natural wood routed signs rather than metal) with consistent style by sign type. 

A minimal level of signing is critical to ensure that visitors do not get lost, trespass onto private land, 

suffer health risks (such as drinking untreated water from developed water sources), or damage sensitive 

natural or cultural resources. 

Proposed actions include but are not limited to the following: 

• Provide directional signs at all trail junctions. 

• Install identification signs, where necessary, to post private land boundaries to help prevent 

trespass onto private lands. 

• Install identification signs to point out backcountry campsites, water sources, sensitive resource 

areas, or other important features, where necessary for visitor safety and resource protection. 

UKIAH FIELD OFFICE 27 
UKIAH RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PLAN 

Monitoring 

Conduct a comprehensive monitoring program to determine impacts from recreational use on 

natural and cultural resources in the backcountry, assess social impacts of changing visitor use, make 

necessary adjustments to the visitor use permitting program, and achieve zone management 

objectives. The monitoring program will include the following: 

• Collection of visitor use statistics, particularly along the more heavily used sections of the 

backcountry. This will be accomplished through trailhead registers, traffic counters, patrol logs 

(counting cars at parking areas as well as backcountry users), Special Recreation Permit 

information, establishment of a backcountry permit system, and correspondence with visitors. 

• Collection of resource impact information, particularly along trails and campsites. This includes 

campsite inventory, evaluation of human and stock impacts on resources, as well as identifying 

resource problems like sanitation, litter, proliferation of fire rings, etc... Separate monitoring of 

resources such as cultural sites, invasive plants, and water quality will also be conducted as 

needed by resource specialists. 

• Survey of visitor preferences and experiences. This survey will determine trends in visitor 

enjoyment of the area and changes in social impacts from projected increases in future visitor 

use. This survey will also improve our visitor use data. 

• Evaluation (through contact with visitors, written responses at trailhead registers, visitor surveys, 

on site observations, etc.) of significant changes in activity preferences, new technologies, 

commercial interest, and economic, demographic, and environmental conditions. 

• Implementation and continuance of an effective monitoring program is essential to development 

of the visitor use permitting program as well as keeping abreast of overall trends in user interests, 

preferences, satisfaction, and types of use. 

Middlecountry Zone 

The Middlecountry Zone is generally a naturally appearing landscape except for obvious primitive roads. 

Trails are maintained and marked with simple trailhead developments, signs, and basic sanitation 

facilities. It is often the buffer between Frontcountry and Backcountry Zones, allowing motorized and 

mechanized recreational use. 

Objective: Provide a variety of non-motorized and mechanized recreational experiences while 

maintaining the high visual quality of the area and protecting the area’s natural resources. Manage for a 

variety of recreational activities to complement the recreational opportunities in the Frontcountry and 

Backcountry Zones. 

Physical Setting/Facilities 

Maintain a naturally appearing landscape with visitor access provided through a network of trails that 

complement the character of the area. Maintain a system of on-site facilities to allow visitors the 

opportunities for camping, day use and trailhead access to the backcountry trails and area. Provide 

adequate signing and informational facilities to provide the visitor with directional, interpretive, and 

28 
UKIAH RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PLAN 

regulatory information necessary to enhance their recreational experiences and protect important natural 

and cultural resources in the area. 

Social Setting 

Provide for levels and types of recreational use that meet public demand. Visitors are expected to 

practice a level of personal responsibility in following management guidelines and regulations to protect 

natural and cultural resources in the area, the recreational facilities and respect the rights of other 

recreationists and adjacent private landowners. 

Allowable Uses 

In general, a variety of mechanized, motorized and non-motorized recreation activities are allowed, 

including hiking, backpacking, equestrian use, OHV use, camping, mountain biking, environmental 

education, hunting, wildlife viewing, and other activities consistent with the goal of emphasizing 

Middlecountry experiences. 

Domestic Animals 

No control on dogs and pack livestock other than standard regulations prohibiting wildlife harassment 

and if problems arise. 

Management Actions 

Management actions would occur on-site and off-site so that visitors can experience a mix of personal 

freedom and security. Management actions would inform visitors of recreational opportunities, safety 

concerns, and regulations designed to protect natural and cultural resources in the area. Management 

presence on-site is more apparent, with moderate levels of patrols of law enforcement rangers, and other 

staff specialists. 

Actions to achieve zone management objectives include developing facilities to accommodate visitor 

needs and resource protection, maintaining a trail system, signing and interpretive information, visitor use 

and resource monitoring, and facility patrols and maintenance. 

Visitor Use Management 

Use Allocations. Same as Primitive zone. 

Facility Development 

Recreation facilities will be developed to meet the needs of visitors, to protect resources and to promote 

visitor safety and knowledge of the area. The overall goal of facilities is to serve as basic staging areas and 

access corridors to allow visitors to enjoy the area and not to provide for a high level of comfort and 

convenience. 

The major objectives of Middlecountry Zone are twofold: first, to provide access from Frontcountry to 

the interior of an area; second, to provide for mountain biking and other recreational activities which 

require the use of mechanized equipment, or a high level of facility development. To accomplish these 

goals, a sufficient number and quality of day use facilities and trails are necessary. There will be no 

UKIAH FIELD OFFICE 29 
UKIAH RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PLAN 

developed campsites (including car camping) as not to compete with local, independently provided 

camping facilities. 

Trails 

Develop and maintain trail network to provide access within Middlecountry Zones for predominantly 

self-directed hiking/backpacking, wildlife viewing, mountain biking, nature study and equestrian use. 

Trails for mechanized use will be developed. 

Signage and Interpretation 

Same as Backcountry Zone. 

Monitoring 

Same as Backcountry Zone. 

Frontcountry Zone 

Frontcountry serves as the transition zone between the Middlecountry Zones and adjacent private lands, 

and represents a broad mix of uses and tools for management. Most BLM roads and facilities function as 

“staging areas” to provide access for visitors into middle and backcountry zones. Public uses are more 

extensive, including target shooting, parking facilities and camping facilities. Also, a primary management 

focus includes more intensive on-the-ground actions and the most active resource management activities 

could occur. 

Despite the concentration of roads and facilities in this zone, some parts of the Frontcountry Zone 

contain minimal roads and facility developments. These lands often interface with surrounding private 

lands. 

Objective: Provide a mix of mechanized, motorized and non-motorized recreational experiences. Allow 

recreational facilities and access for camping and day use at a level which maintains the moderate visual 

quality of the area and balances the protection of the area’s natural resources with visitor needs. 

Physical Setting/Facilities 

Maintain a naturally appearing landscape as much as possible with visitor access provided through a 

network of roads and/or trails. 

Develop on-site facilities to allow visitors opportunities for camping and day use as well as trailhead 

access to trail system. Develop a trail system. Install informational facilities to provide the visitor with 

the directional, interpretive, and regulatory information necessary to enhance their recreational 

experiences and protect important natural and cultural resources in the area. 

Social Setting 

Provide for types and levels of recreational use that provide the less rugged opportunities emphasized 

within the Backcountry Zone. The Frontcountry Zone also provides visitors choices in where they may 

access Middle or Backcountry Zones. 

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UKIAH RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PLAN 

Visitors are expected to practice a level of personal responsibility in following management guidelines 

and regulations to protect the natural and cultural resources in the area, the recreational facilities and 

respect the rights of other recreationists and adjacent private land owners. 

Allowable Uses 

In general, a mix of mechanized, motorized and non-motorized recreational uses are allowed, including 

car camping, driving for pleasure, hiking, mountain biking, OHV use, equestrian use, hunting, wildlife 

viewing, and other activities compatible with the management objectives for this zone. 

Domestic Animals 

Controlled dogs on leash and pack livestock may be limited to designated areas within recreation sites. 

Management Actions 

Management actions will continue to occur both on-site and off-site so visitors can experience a mix of 

personal choice and security. Management actions will inform visitors of recreational opportunities, 

safety concerns, and regulations designed to protect the natural and cultural resources in the area. 

Management presence on-site will continue to be more apparent than in the backcountry, with regular 

patrols of campgrounds (including fee collections), day use facilities, trailheads, etc... by law enforcement 

rangers, maintenance and fire control personnel, and other staff members responsible for updating kiosk 

information, monitoring visitor use, and other tasks. 

Actions to achieve zone management objectives include maintaining existing facilities to accommodate 

visitor needs and resource protection, maintaining a road and trail system, signing and interpretive 

information, visitor use and resource monitoring, and facility patrols and maintenance. 

Visitor Use Management 

Use Allocations. Same as Primitive zone. 

Facility Development 

Same as Middlecountry Zone. These facilities include trailhead parking and informational kiosks at all 

trailheads, including an expanded, paved or graveled trailhead facility at the more heavily used access 

locations. 

Trails 

Establish and maintain a trail network for shared use and if necessary some areas of separated use 

(motorized, non-motorized, and mechanized recreation) to avoid visitor conflict. 

Signage and Interpretation 

Same as Backcountry Zone. 

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UKIAH RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PLAN 

Monitoring 

Same as Backcountry Zone. 

Rural Zone 

Rural Zone represents areas of mostly privately owned land except for small scattered parcels managed 

by BLM. Development is more industrial, intense and visible with the primary uses and management 

goals focused on developing recreation opportunities in collaboration with adjacent private land owners 

and county agencies. 

Objective: Maintain an equal balance of development and naturally appearing landscape with visitor 

experiences provided through shared development of a network of roads and/or trails. 

Develop on-site facilities to allow visitors opportunities for camping and day use as well as trailhead 

access to trail systems. Develop a trail system. Install informational facilities to provide the visitor with 

the directional, interpretive, and regulatory information necessary to enhance their recreational 

experiences and protect important natural and cultural resources in the area. 

Physical Setting/Facilities 

The landscape is substantially modified by industrial development with structures, pipelines, and paved 

roads. 

Construct and maintain modern facilities (campgrounds, parking areas, group gathering sites, etc...) to 

allow visitors access to the less developed areas. Provide information and interpretive resources to 

promote environmental education and appreciation of the unique features of the area. 

Social Setting 

Provide for levels and types of recreational use that can be accommodated on-site without causing undue 

conflicts with other users. 

Visitors are expected to practice a level of personal responsibility in following management guidelines, 

regulations to protect the area and its facilities, and respect the rights of others. 

Allowable Uses 

In general, mechanized, motorized and non-motorized recreation activities are allowed, including hiking, 

backpacking, hunting, mountain biking, equestrian use, camping, environmental education, wildlife 

viewing, and other activities consistent with the management goals and objectives for this area. 

Domestic Animals 

Dogs are required to be on leash. Pack livestock allowed only in designated areas. 

32 
UKIAH RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PLAN 

Management Actions 

Management actions occur on-site although information concerning recreation opportunities will be 

available for people before arriving. Management actions will inform visitors of recreational 

opportunities, safety concerns, and regulations designed to protect the resources of the area. 

Management presence on-site is more apparent than Frontcountry with regular patrols of facilities. 

There will be a greater focus on guided activities (i.e., environmental education programs). 

Actions proposed to achieve zone management objectives include permit systems for organized groups, 

maintaining a trail network and facilities, signing and interpretive information, and visitor use and 

resource monitoring. 

Visitor Use Management 

Use Allocations. Same as Primitive zone 

Facility Development 

Develop recreation facilities to meet the minimal needs of visitors, to protect resources, and to promote 

visitor safety and knowledge of the area. The overall goal of facilities is to serve as staging areas and 

access corridors to allow visitors to enjoy the area and identify other experiences the area offers. These 

facilities include trailhead parking and informational kiosks at all trailheads, including an expanded, paved 

or graveled trailhead facility at the more heavily used access locations. 

Trails 

Establish and maintain a trail network for multiple use and if necessary some areas of separated use 

(motorized, non-motorized, and mechanized recreation) to avoid visitor conflict. 

Signage and Interpretation 

Same as Backcountry Zone. 

Monitoring 

Same as Backcountry Zone. 

Urban Zone 

Urban Zones are dominated by urban development with residential areas, retail/commercial facilities 

(laundry, gas stations, groceries, etc...) and are along or near primary highways, municipal streets, and 

roads. 

Objectives: BLM lands within residential areas potentially serve as major access points, open space, and 

parks in the community. They will be managed to offer recreation and environmental education 

opportunities to visitors who want “back yard” access. Management will focus on interpreting the 

significant natural and cultural resources of the area through community partnerships. The BLM will also 

provide more developed opportunities for group gatherings and individual use while still maintaining 

UKIAH FIELD OFFICE 33 
UKIAH RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PLAN 

open space and scenic quality of the area. The high levels of use and easy access require careful 

monitoring of resources. 

Physical Setting/Facilities 

Complement the development of the surrounding structures by maintaining open space and protecting 

scenic views. 

Maintain a system of on-site day use facilities to allow visitors access to provide more developed 

recreation opportunities, and provide information and interpretive resources to promote environmental 

education and appreciation for the area. 

Social Setting 

Provide for types and levels of recreational use that can be physically accommodated by on-site facilities 

without causing undue conflicts with other recreational users and local residents and without degrading 

the recreational facilities and surrounding landscape. 

Visitors are expected to practice a level of personal responsibility in following management guidelines 

and regulations to protect the area and respect the rights of others. 

Allowable Uses 

In general, the following activities are allowed and typical: individual and group picnicking; group events, 

such as weddings, memorial services, etc...; sightseeing; environmental education; wildlife viewing; 

staging for Frontcountry use; and other activities compatible with the management goal and objectives 

for this zone. 

Domestic Animals 

Dogs are required on leash and pack livestock allowed only under specific authorizations and stipulations 

(e.g., horse diapers). 

Management Actions 

Management actions will occur on-site although information concerning recreation opportunities will be 

available for people before arriving. Management actions will inform visitors of recreational 

opportunities, safety concerns, and regulations designed to protect the natural and cultural resources in 

the area. 

Management presence on-site is more apparent than in the Frontcountry, with regular patrols of day use 

facilities by BLM staff law enforcement personnel, maintenance personnel, and other staff specialists 

responsible for updating kiosk information, monitoring visitor use, and other tasks. There will be a 

greater focus on guided activities (i.e., interpretive walks, environmental education programs, etc.) in this 

zone. 

34 
UKIAH RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PLAN 

Actions proposed to achieve zone management objectives include permit systems, developing facilities to 

accommodate visitor needs and resource protection, signing and interpretive information, visitor use and 

facility condition monitoring, and facility patrols and maintenance. 

Visitor Use Management 

Use Allocations. Although the major emphasis of the proposed visitor use allocation system, maximum 

numbers of people permitted for group use would be determined based on the physical capacity of the 

sites with permit stipulations designed to minimize conflicts with nearby residents and other public land 

users. 

Facility Development 

Recreational and interpretive facilities will be developed, as needed, to accommodate growing visitation, 

public need for information and education, and staging facilities for recreational activities. Facilities will 

be installed to provide adequate day use recreational opportunities and overnight parking for backcountry 

users consistent with maintaining an overall natural, aesthetically pleasing landscape. Proposed actions 

include but are not limited to the following: 

• Ensure adequate provisions for persons with disabilities and accommodate heavy seasonal use. 

• Develop a group use area (and group use policy) for weddings, memorials, picnics, etc. 

• Evaluate proposed additional projects (such as a children’s playground) on a case-by-case basis 

to ensure that they maintain the scenic environment and are consistent with the overall theme 

and ambience of the park. 

Trails 

Maintain wheelchair accessible trails to provide access between facilities (restroom, picnic areas, 

interpretive signs, parking area, etc.). 

Signage and Interpretation 

Same as Backcountry Zone. 

Monitoring 

Although monitoring efforts will be focused primarily within Middle, Back, and Frontcountry Zones, 

some monitoring of the Urban Zone is necessary to determine visitor use levels, vandalism, or 

deterioration of recreational facilities, potential visitor safety problems, and resource damage. Monitoring 

of visitor use will be conducted by use of traffic counters, observation sheets and patrol logs, and direct 

visitor contact. 

2.14.1.1 Special Recreation Management Area (SRMA) 

SRMAs are defined under BLM manual 8320 – Planning for Recreation Resources as: 

“...areas where significant public recreation issues or management concerns occur. Special or 

more intensive types of management are typically needed. Detailed recreation planning is 

required in these areas and greater managerial investments (e.g. facilities, supervision, etc.) is 

likely. There may be none to several of these areas within a field office. The size of these 

UKIAH FIELD OFFICE 35 
UKIAH RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PLAN 

management units is typically over 1,000 acres, but exceptions can occur for smaller sites (e.g. 

very large campground units, trail segments, historical sites, etc.).” (BLM 1981) 

SRMAs are designated to meet the goals and objectives of the recreation program and to adhere to 

agency guidance as described above. SRMAs are designed to be complementary to Recreation 

Opportunity Spectrum classes, but do not replace ROS classifications. The eight management areas 

(minus Scattered Tracts) are designated as SRMAs. 

2.14.2 Common to All Management Areas 

Allowable Uses 

Allowable uses for ROS zones are outlined in the management area decisions (Section 3). Uses are 

defined as follows: 

• Non-motorized – Non-motorized recreation includes hiking, backpacking, bird and wildlife 

viewing, equestrian use, environmental education, sightseeing, picnicking and photography. 

Non-motorized recreation does not include activities listed as motorized or mechanized 

recreation. 

• Mechanized – Mechanized recreation includes cycling, mountain biking, handgliding, and rockclimbing using assistive devices. 

• Motorized – Motorized recreation includes the use of OHVs (as described in the Travel 

Management and Route Designation section) and car touring. 

• Shooting – Shooting, for purposes of this document, includes all non-hunting discharge of 

firearms and use of paintball devices. 

Recreational uses not specifically addressed (such as new emerging forms of recreation) are allowed to 

the extent they are consistent with the goals and allowable uses of the ROS zone and consistent with 

goals and objectives for other resources. Such uses will be monitored to assess potential conflicts, 

impacts to sensitive resources, and visitor safety issues. 

Figures 2 through 10 delineate the ROS zones in the management areas. 

Special Recreation Permits. Permit applications for competitive, commercial, organized group, and 

vending recreational activities are reviewed on the case-by-case basis and must be consistent with the 

goals, objectives, and allowable uses for the area. A detailed NEPA analysis may be necessary. 

Visitor Fees. Visitor fees will be consistent with the Federal Lands Recreation Enhancement Act (2005) 

and guidelines established by the Northwest California Resource Advisory Council (see Appendix K). 

Management Actions: 

• Provide adequate and timely maintenance of all facilities, roads, trails, and signs. 

• Provide supplementary rules and regulations, where required, to protect resources and visitor 

safety. Such rules may include provisions such as campfire prohibitions during times of extreme 

fire danger and disallowing motorized boat use on Hathaway Creek 

36 
UKIAH RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PLAN 

• BLM will periodically assess whether experiences for visitors, as described in the ROS zones for 

particular areas, are being provided with management If desired experiences are not being 

provided, BLM will determine whether to change management or change the desired experience 

in a particular area. 

• Construct fences or barriers where needed to control unauthorized visitation or use from public 

land onto private land. Install effective barriers to preclude vehicle use within designated closed 

areas. 

• Ensure that Universal Accessibility Standards are met for all new developed facilities and, where 

feasible, the retrofitting of existing facilities. 

• Evaluate all applications for special recreation permits on a case-by-case basis. Approve only 

those requests that are consistent with the decisions of the geographic area. 

• Special Recreation Permits will be in compliance with the BLM Recreation Permit 

Administration (Handbook 2930-1, Appendix P) and include the stipulations identified (see 

Appendix L). 

• All trails will be numbered/named and posted. 

• Weed-free hay is required for equestrian use (see Vegetation section) 

2.15 INTERPRETATION AND EDUCATION 

2.15.1 Introduction 

Interpretation is a communication tool designed to enhance understanding, appreciation and protection 

of natural and cultural resources. It involves translating the technical language of the sciences and 

bureaucracy into terms and ideas that the general public can readily understand and relate to, in a way that 

reveals meanings and relationships in an entertaining and interesting way. 

The Ukiah Field Office interpretive program fosters an appreciation for the resources and an 

understanding about the relationships between people and the public lands managed by BLM. 

Interpretation communicates how the BLM manages resources and provides opportunities for public use. 

A result of effective interpretation and education is a public which is more environmentally responsible 

while enjoying their public lands, and willing to assist the BLM in solving and preventing complex 

environmental issues. 

Objectives: 

• Promote public understanding of and cooperation with BLM policies, standards and 

environmental guidelines. 

• Enhance visitor experiences on public lands. 

• Provide for public safety. 

Management Actions: 

UKIAH FIELD OFFICE 37 
UKIAH RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PLAN 

• Provide interpretive opportunities to diverse audiences in a variety of settings, using a variety of 

effective techniques. 

• Provide current, accurate, and descriptive information that facilitates basic safety while 

minimizing negative impacts to resource values. 

• Develop thematic interpretive services that promote and encourage public understanding of 

resource management goals, and the importance of resources to individuals and communities. 

• Elicit public acceptance of and voluntary compliance with management decisions and statutory 

regulations through effective interpretive techniques. 

• Foster partnerships with other agencies, cooperating associations and friends groups to achieve 

mutual interpretive goals. 

2.15.1.1 Common to All Management Areas (Except Berryessa) 

Adequate interpretive facilities will be constructed to promote visitor orientation, safety and education 

and to promote resource protection, based on identified need. Identify and develop new interpretive 

exhibits and kiosks throughout the management areas. Existing exhibits and kiosks will be maintained or 

updated as required. Detached visitor centers may be constructed if need and funding is identified. 

Guided interpretive programs and off-site presentations will be scheduled based on identified need. 

Assist local schools to develop curriculum based educational materials. Promote availability of off-site 

programs and presentations. Websites will be used for both information distribution and interpretive 

presentations. Off-site presentations may include county fairs and recreational trade shows. Develop 

interpretive curriculum for integration with local schools. Actively seek opportunities for off-site and 

classroom presentations of curriculum. 

2.16 SOIL RESOURCES 

Goals: 

• Maintain or improve soil health and fertility. 

• Prevent or minimize soil erosion, compaction. 

• Minimize and monitor the amount of suspended sediment entering the waterways within the 

planning area. 

Objectives 

• Reduce the possibility of mass wasting on unstable soils by avoiding uses and management 

activities in sensitive areas, when possible. 

• Minimize the loss of topsoil, soil conditions, soil types, and their influence on a case-by-case 

basis. 

Management Actions: 

• Design and construct roads to cause minimal disruption of natural drainage patterns. The 

following provisions for two components of road drainage must be included in every project: 1) 

38 
UKIAH RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PLAN 

road surface drainage (including drainage which originates from the cutbank, road surface and 

fillslope), and 2) hillslope drainage (including drainage from large springs, gullies and streams 

which cross the road alignment) 1. 

• Implement BMPs and mitigation measures (see Appendix M) at the site-specific project level to 

maintain or improve soil resources. 

• When assessing proposed activities, especially those proposed in slump or unstable areas, give 

greater consideration to soils susceptible to compaction and ensure soils would be addressed in 

consideration of the intensity of the disturbance. 

• No trails will be built where the soil erodibility factor is greater than K 32 2 or the when the slope 

is greater than 16 percent. 

• Evaluate existing trails and roads for sediment production and drainage in areas where naturally 

occurring asbestos (NOA) is likely to be present. Perform surface and/or air analysis to 

determine the presence of NOA. 

• Post signage to inform users that NOA is present in areas found to contain NOA amounts 

greater than 0.25 percent (per specimen) or where airborne NOA is found at hazardous levels. 

Coordinate these actions with appropriate local, state, and federal agencies. 

• Inventory sediment production of existing roads and trails. If sediment production is outside of 

accepted parameters, implement mitigation measures to remedy the situation (see Appendix M). 

• Access riparian areas and establish photo points for long term monitoring, and inspect for 

livestock trespass and influence on the riparian areas. Monitoring data will provide information 

to determine if existing management is satisfactory or needs to be changed. 

2.17 WATER RESOURCES 

Goals: 

In general, the desired condition demonstrates: 

• appropriate water temperature, 

• non-existent turbidity with the exception of a storm event, 

• lack of contaminants, 

• absence of exotic species and barriers, 

• presence of woody debris, 

• native vegetation on streambanks, 

• functioning floodplains, and 

1 Handbook for Forest and Ranch Roads: A Guide for planning, designing, constructing, reconstructing, maintaining and closing 

wildland roads. Prepared by William E. Weaver, PhD, and Danny K. Hagans; Pacific Watershed Associates, for the Mendocino 

County Resource Conservation District. 

2 K is the soil erodibility factor. This number which reflects the susceptibility of a soil type to erosion. The higher the K factor 

roads and trails are cut through the higher the erosion potential they have. 

UKIAH FIELD OFFICE 39 
UKIAH RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PLAN 

• maintenance of channel equilibrium. 

Objectives: 

• The physical, chemical, and biological components of stream habitats are maintained in a manner 

such that each stream or stream reach supports a desired variety of native species appropriate to 

its capability. 

• Achieve and maintain the beneficial uses of water bodies as outlined by Regional Water Quality 

Control Board Basin Plans. 

• Contribute to surface and groundwater compliance with the objectives of the Clean Water Act 

(CWA) and meet California state water quality standards for all water bodies in planning area. 

The State of California has established water quality standards for temperature, suspended 

sediment, and the presence of methylmercury. 

Management Actions: 

• Livestock would be grazed in a manner which does not degrade water quality, soils, and 

riparian/wetland areas values. If monitoring indicates that resource values are being degraded, 

the grazing operation would be modified so as to protect and restore the degraded areas. 

• Prioritize any improvement projects as follows: 

⎯ Where beneficial uses of water bodies have been listed as threatened or impaired pursuant to 

Section 303(d) of the CWA.; 

⎯ Where aquatic habitat is present or has been present for Federally listed species under the 

ESA; and 

⎯ In designated water resource sensitive areas such as riparian and wetland areas. 

Objective: Develop and complete projects to reduce sediment load and regulate/stabilize water 

temperature. 

Management Actions: 

• Establish a priority list to collect baseline data for areas. 

• Field monitoring data will be used to develop projects and priorities. If field monitoring results 

show that water quality is being degraded, BLM will either develop mitigation projects or change 

impacting land uses to reduce or eliminate sources of water quality degradation. 

• Coordinate with the appropriate Regional Water Quality Contraol Boards and the U.S. Army 

Corps of Engineers in the management of wetland and water resources. 

• Continue to collaborate with watershed groups, educational institutions and resource 

conservation districts on management activities. 

• Where methylmercury issues are present, work with EPA and the State to assess methylmercury 

issues and then develop and implement any necessary mitigation of methylmercury. 

40 
UKIAH RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PLAN 

2.18 AIR QUALITY 

2.18.1 Introduction 

There are eight separate air quality management districts (AQMDs) within the Ukiah Field Office. They 

are the Bay Area AQMD, Colusa County AQMD, Glenn County AQMD, Mendocino County AQMD, 

Lake County AQMD, Sacramento AQMD, Sonoma County AQMD and Yolo-Solano AQMD. All burn 

projects require close coordination with the local AQMDs. With the exception of the Lake County 

AQMD, all the other air basins are non-attainment area for PM10 (particulate matter includes dust, soot, 

and other very small solid material released into the air). 

Objectives: 

• Prevent significant deterioration of air quality within the Ukiah Field Office. 

• Minimize or prevent air quality degradation throughout the planning area by applying mitigation 

measures on a project by project basis. 

• Meet the National Ambient Air Quality Standards under the Clean Air Act. 

Management Actions: 

• Require burn plans for all prescribed burn projects. 

• Require smoke management plans for all prescribed burning. 

Discussion: Smoke management is a significant concern in the implementation of 

prescribed burns. Examples of smoke sensitive areas include cities, residential areas, 

schools, airports, parks, highways, business districts, hospitals and any other areas where 

the public may be impacted from the emitted smoke. Constraints and restrictions on 

prescribed burning due to smoke management issues is likely to increase over the 

coming years, especially as the urban population expands. Planned burns may also be 

cancelled as multiple agencies (i.e., BLM, CDF, U.S. Forest Service (USFS), etc.) all seek 

authorization to burn on the same limited number of approved burn days. 

• Require permits, where necessary, for stationary facilities. 

• Participate in state and tribal smoke management programs in accordance with the EPA Interim 

Air Quality Policy for Wildland and Prescribed Fires (EPA 1998). 

UKIAH FIELD OFFICE 41 
UKIAH RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PLAN 

3.0 MANAGEMENT AREA DECISIONS 

3.1 COW MOUNTAIN 

3.1.1 Introduction 

The Cow Mountain area is about 60,000 acres, of which about 50,000 acres are public lands, located in 

the mountains east of Ukiah, south of Highway 20, north of Hopland, and west of Scotts Valley, with a 

few small private in-holdings within a large block of public land. The area is further delineated between 

North Cow Mountain and South Cow Mountain. 

3.1.2 Decision 

The following decisions are in addition to the common decisions described in Section 2 that are specific to the 

Cow Mountain Management Area: 

3.1.2.1 Visual Resources Management 

• Backcountry Zones: VRM Class II 

• Middlecountry Zones: VRM Class II 

• Frontcountry Zones: VRM Class III 

3.1.2.2 Wildlife and Fish 

• Threatened and Endangered Species: Maintain current levels and quality of fish habitat for the Central 

California Coast steelhead ecologically significant unit (ESU). Evaluate all maintenance work for 

impacts with steelhead prior to project commencement. 

• Migratory Birds: See common decisions 

• Habitat: Minimize any disturbances to wildlife and fisheries habitat from proposed projects on 

public lands, especially in riparian habitat such as Scotts Creek. An increased level of prescribed 

burning will be implemented (see under Fire Management) within chaparral habitat on North and 

South Cow Mountain. Burning will focus on those burns that improve habitat conditions, as well as 

reduce fuels hazards. Protection of priority habitats will include active measures such as increasing 

the amount of priority vegetative species in the riparian areas such as Scotts Creek and other 

drainages on the west side of Cow Mountain, as well as native oak habitats found primarily near the 

boundaries with private lands. Specific measures, such as brush conversion to native grasses and 

brush piling to benefit species, may be considered if appropriate. 

Avoid and minimize adverse impacts to fisheries when conducting any project work, including 

habitat restoration activities. Restore and enhance game fisheries habitat in those streams having the 

greatest potential such as Scotts, Benmore, Willow, Mill, McClure, and Sulphur Creeks. Any habitat 

enhancements proposed for game species will be carefully evaluated prior to approval in order to 

eliminate any conflicts with listed fish species. The potential exists for expanding game fish 

populations in ponds throughout the Cow Mountain zone. 

42 
UKIAH RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PLAN 

An expanded level of habitat development will benefit both game and non-game species. Noxious 

weed reduction, brush conversions, native plant re-establishment, and water developments for 

habitat improvement will be implemented in priority locations throughout North and South Cow 

Mountain at an increased level (see Vegetation Management for Cow Mountain). 

• Reintroductions and Augmentations: Species introductions will emphasize native species historically 

occurring on lands within the Cow Mountain geographic zone, with the exceptions previously 

discussed. Exceptions may be made for insects, plant pathogens, or other approved bio-control 

agents used to complete a specific resource objective such as noxious weed control. Additionally, 

ponds with suitable habitat may be augmented with game fish such as bluegill. 

Augmentation of existing native species will also be considered where appropriate. 

3.1.2.3 Vegetation Management 

• Treat annually up to fifty acres of yellow starthistle, medusahead, Italian thistle, and Harding grass. 

3.1.2.4 Riparian and Wetland Resources 

See common decisions 

3.1.2.5 Cultural and Historic Resources 

• Prioritize archaeological inventory and site documentation for uninventoried portions of this 

area. 

• Develop a regional overview for this area. 

3.1.2.6 Lands and Realty 

• Limit communication sites in the Cow Mountain management area to the following two existing 

sites: the North Cow and the Purdy Garden communication sites. 

• No exclusion or avoidance areas. 

3.1.2.7 Special Designations 

• Designate the Lost Valley Meadow area as an ACEC by including 40 acres of BLM managed lands 

within the Miner’s Ridge watershed of the Russian River Drainage system (see Figure 2). The 

primary features requiring special management considerations include the pristine meadow system 

with its unique assemblage on native vegetation. Populations of native bunch grasses abound within 

the proposed ACEC, including the following three bunchgrass species of special interest: California 

brome (Bromus carinatus), California oatgrass (Danthonia californica americana), and Lemmon’s 

needlegrass (Achnatherum lemmonii). Special management will better protect these populations of 

California native bunchgrass species and their associated pristine meadow habitat. Off-highway 

vehicle roads to Lost Valley will be closed. 

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UKIAH RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PLAN 

3.1.2.8 Forest Management 

See common decisions 

3.1.2.9 Livestock Grazing Management 

• No allotments available for grazing in Cow Mountain. 

3.1.2.10 Fire Management 

• Targets for average annual prescribed fire strategies (average annual acres): up to 1,000 

• Targets for decadal prescribed fire strategies (decadal acres): up to 10,000 

• Targets for mechanical treatment strategies (decadal acres): up to 1,000 

3.1.2.11 Energy and Minerals 

• Available 

3.1.2.12 Wind Energy 

• Available 

3.1.2.13 Travel Management and Route Designation (Note: see tables in Appendix A for details) 

North Cow Mountain 

• Primarily allows non-motorized and mechanized recreation. All mechanized use will be limited to 

designated trails and roads. 

• All vehicle use will be limited to street legal vehicle use only on the Mendo-Rock Road, Water Tank 

Spur, Willow Creek Road, Rifle Range Road, Radio Tower Road, Rifle Range Maintenance Spur, and 

Mayacmas Campground Road. In addition, the gate at the end of the Water Tank Spur will be 

opened during the general deer season (rifle) to allow street legal vehicle access to the following 

routes: 

− Firebreak #1 

− McClure Creek Ridge Spur 

− McClure Creek Spur 

− Sulphur Creek Spur 

− Sulphur Creek Ridge Spur 

• Develop up to 40 miles of mechanized and non-motorized use trails. 

South Cow Mountain 

• Allows motorized, non-motorized and mechanized recreation activities. All motorized and 

mechanized use will be limited to designated trails and roads. Routes will be given new numbers to 

fit a new numbering system. Although the area is open year round, there is a wet weather vehicle 

closure policy based on rainfall (see Appendix O). This policy has been in effect for over a decade 

44 
UKIAH RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PLAN 

with a formal policy implemented the winter of 2004-2005. This closure is subject to modification. 

Mountain bikers and hikers use the area during the seasonal closures. 

• Continue to develop a loop trail system were feasible. BLM may develop up to 40 miles of trail for 

reroutes to protect erodible soils and sensitive resources and to expand recreational opportunities. 

3.1.2.14 Recreation 

See Figure 2 for Recreation Opportunity Spectrum zones. 

North Cow Mountain - Facility Development

Potential facilities include but are not limited to the following: 

• Backcountry: 

− Collaborate with individuals, groups and agencies to identify locations for minimally 

developed resting areas or primitive camping areas. 

• Middlecountry: 

− Re-develop existing campground (Mayacmas). 

− Develop and maintain minimal trailhead facilities which may include parking area, nonpotable water and kiosks. 

• Frontcountry

− Re-develop existing shooting range. 

− Install benches at the Mendo-Rock overlook. 

− Re-develop Glen Eden Trailhead. 

• Rural Zone

− Assess the development of a trailhead near Blue Lakes. 

− Assess the development of a trailhead along of Highway 20. 

− Assess the development of another trailhead along Scotts Valley Road. 

− Install viewing point along Highway 20. 

South Cow Mountain - Facility Development

Potential facilities include but are not limited to the following: 

• Backcountry 

− Camouflaged the pump for the well to blend in with the natural landscape (Lost Valley). 

− Designate primitive campsite locations (Lost Valley). 

• Middlecountry 

− Add campsites to Buckhorn Campground. 

− Improve existing facilities at Buckhorn Campground. 

− Develop staging area with camping facilities along Highway 175 or Scotts Creek. 

− Designate primitive campsites in Eight Mile Valley area. 

• Frontcountry

− Expand Red Mountain Campground. 

− Assess potential of day use facilities at the Safety Course. 

− Re-develop Westside staging area to accommodate more vehicles (if possible). 

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UKIAH RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PLAN 

North Cow Mountain Recreation - Allowable Uses 

Allowable Uses Backcountry Middlecountry Frontcountry 

Non-motorized/non-mechanized Y Y Y 

Mechanized Y Y Y 

Motorized N L L 

Shooting N N L 

South Cow Mountain Recreation - Allowable Uses 

Allowable Uses - Backcountry Middlecountry Frontcountry 

Non-motorized/non-mechanized Y Y Y 

Mechanized Y Y Y 

Motorized N L L 

Shooting N L L 

Notes: 

Y: Yes; motorized use is only allowed on designated routes. 

N: No. 

L: Limited; motorized use is limited by the rain closure policy; shooting is limited to designated shooting areas, to be 

designated during plan implementation. 

3.1.2.15 Interpretation and Education 

See common decisions 

3.1.2.16 Soil Resources 

• Prioritize roads and trails for mitigation-based analysis of sediment production and apply appropriate 

mitigation measures based on sediment production analysis. 

• Schedule all roads and trails for redesign, where necessary, to meet water quality standards. 

• Perform soil studies to improve the implementation of the South Cow Mountain Rain Closure 

Policy. Develop and implement a closure policy related to rain that will prevent resource damage and 

protect human health and safety. 

3.1.2.17 Water Resources 

• Complete the Eight Mile Valley Meadow Restoration Project. 

3.1.2.18 Air Quality 

See common decisions 

46 
UKIAH RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PLAN 

3.2 KNOXVILLE 

3.2.1 Introduction 

The Knoxville area is about 35,000 acres, including about 24,000 acres of public land. It is located just 

south of the Cache Creek watershed and north of Lake Berryessa. 

3.2.2 Decision 

The following decisions are specific to the Knoxville Management Area and are in addition to the decisions in 

Section 2: 

3.2.2.1 Visual Resources Management 

• Middlecountry Zones: VRM Class II 

• Frontcountry Zones: VRM Class III 

3.2.2.2 Wildlife and Fish 

• Habitat: Minimize any disturbances to wildlife and fish habitat from proposed projects on public 

lands. Prescribed burning will focus on those burns that improve habitat conditions, as well as 

reduce fuels hazards (see Fire Management Section). Protection of priority habitats will include 

active measures such as increasing the amount of priority vegetative species in the riparian habitat on 

Hunting, Jericho, Hole, Cement, Cedar, and Pocock Creeks, as well as native oak habitats found 

along the boundaries with private lands. Specific measures such as brush conversion to native 

grasses and brush piling to benefit species such as quail may be considered where appropriate. 

An expanded level of additional habitat development projects will benefit both game and non-game 

species. Noxious weed reduction and water developments for habitat improvement will be 

implemented in priority locations, such as the Cement Creek area and Adams Ridge, at an increased 

level. 

Baseline fisheries surveys will be completed for species inventory and habitat condition in Hunting 

Creek, Jericho Creek, and Hole Creek. Avoid and minimize adverse impacts on fisheries when 

conducting any project work, including habitat restoration activities. 

• Reintroductions and Augmentations: Only wildlife introductions of native species historically occurring on 

lands within the Knoxville geographic zone will be considered if appropriate. An exception can be 

made for insects, plant pathogens, or other bio-control agents used to complete a specific resource 

objective such as reducing noxious weeds. 

Augmentation of existing native species will also be considered where appropriate. 

UKIAH FIELD OFFICE 47 
UKIAH RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PLAN 

3.2.2.3 Vegetation Management 

• Treat annually up to fifty acres of yellow starthistle, medusahead, tamarisk, and barb goatgrass. 

3.2.2.4 Riparian and Wetland Resources 

See common decisions 

3.2.2.5 Cultural and Historic Resources 

• Prioritize archaeological inventory and site documentation for uninventoried portions of this 

area. 

• Develop a regional overview for this area. 

3.2.2.6 Lands and Realty 

• No exclusion or avoidance areas. 

3.2.2.7 Special Designations 

• Designate a Knoxville ACEC of 5,236 acres (see Figure 3). This ACEC is based on a proposal 

submitted by the public, including faculty at the University of California Davis (UC Davis), in August 

of 2000. This area has been used by UC Davis for botanical studies and research, and is considered a 

“hot spot” for plant evolution. The designation is based on two known delineated areas with 

resource characteristics which support an ACEC status. The Knoxville ACEC incorporates an area 

sometimes referred to as “Research Hill,” at the northern end of the Knoxville management area. 

The primary values include: 1) a geologically and botanically unique ecosystem, supporting more rare 

or unusual species restricted to serpentine soils than are known from any area of protected public 

lands in California or the United States; 2) the existence of an especially unusual and fragile habitat 

type termed “serpentine wet areas;” and 3) the area possesses a high level of past, present, and 

planned future activity in scientific research and environmental education. The second unit is 

approximately 3,480 acres, and located in the southwestern area of the Knoxville management area, 

from the eastern ridgeline of Hunting Creek Canyon and to the west. The additional resource values 

in this area include cultural resources, the Hunting Creek Canyon lands, the Knoxville Cedars, and 

serpentine wet areas along the western side of the Knoxville management area. No new OHV trails 

will be developed in the ACEC. 

3.2.2.8 Forest Management 

See common decisions 

3.2.2.9 Livestock Grazing Management 

• Cement Creek and Jericho Valley allotments will be available for livestock grazing. 

48 
UKIAH RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PLAN 

3.2.2.10 Fire Management 

• Targets for average annual prescribed fire strategies (average annual acres): up to 400 

• Targets for decadal prescribed fire strategies (decadal acres): up to 4,000 

• Targets for mechanical treatment strategies (decadal acres): up to 250 

3.2.2.11 Energy and Minerals 

• Available 

3.2.2.12 Wind Energy 

• Available 

3.2.2.13 Travel Management and Route Designation (Note: see tables in Appendix A for details) 

• Allows motorized, non-motorized and mechanized recreation. All motorized and mechanized use 

will be limited to designated trails and roads. Continue to create a loop trail system by constructing 

trails to connect “dead end trails” or “out and back” routes. This is an effort to prevent trespass and 

impacts to sensitive areas. 

• Devilhead Road is a county road currently limited to street legal vehicle use only. 

• BLM may develop up to 30 miles of trail for trail connectors and re-routes. No new trail 

development in ACEC. 

• See Appendix A for designated route network. 

3.2.2.14 Recreation 

See Figure 3 for ROS zones 

• Allowable Uses: 

Allowable Uses Middlecountry Frontcountry 

Non-motorized/non-mechanized Y Y 

Mechanized Y Y 

Motorized Y Y 

Shooting L L 

Notes: 

Y: Yes; motorized use is only allowed on designated routes. 

N: No. 

L: Shooting is limited to designated shooting areas, to be designated during plan implementation. 

• Physical Setting/Facilities: As much as possible, maintain a naturally appearing landscape, with any new 

development. The works and impacts of humans are minimal in extent and transitory in nature. 

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UKIAH RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PLAN 

• Social Setting: Interaction with others is frequent and expected. There is an increase in contacts on 

holiday weekends. During the fall, winter and spring, Knoxville is used by small groups and 

individuals. 

Management Presence: Management presence on-site is on a weekly basis by Napa County Sheriff’s 

Deputies, BLM staff, or BLM LE rangers. 

Special Recreation Permits. If applications are received, they will be reviewed on a case-by-case 

basis. 

• Facility Development: There are campgrounds, staging areas, and a designated shooting area. 

Signage: There are several signs at the entrances, staging areas, and road junctions. Maintain minimal 

directional signage necessary for guiding public to the public lands and resource monitoring. 

Continue coordination with Napa County Sheriff’s Deputies, Homestake Mining Company, 

McLaughlin Reserve managers, and private landowners regarding issues that arise in the area. 

• Monitoring: Monitor the use of the public to determine impacts from recreational use on natural and 

cultural resources. This monitoring program includes the following components: 

Photo collection of resource impact on vegetation, soils, etc. as well as identifying resource problems 

like sanitation, litter, etc. 

3.2.2.15 Interpretation and Education 

See common decisions 

3.2.2.16 Soil Resources 

• Evaluate existing trails and roads for sediment production and analyze drainage patterns. Upon 

completion of analyses, develop and prioritize projects to minimize soil loss and erosion of sediment 

into streams (i.e., rolling dips and outsloping). 

3.2.2.17 Water Resources 

See common decisions 

3.2.2.18 Air Quality 

See common decisions 

50 
UKIAH RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PLAN 

3.3 INDIAN VALLEY 

3.3.1 Introduction 

The Indian Valley area is about 51,000 acres, including about 44,000 acres of public land. The area also 

includes Walker Ridge. It is bounded by Indian Valley and Bear Valley on the east and north, Long 

Valley and the Mendocino National Forest to the west, and Highway 20 to the south. Indian Valley 

Reservoir is the center of the area. There is interspersed private land especially at the south and 

southeast. The reservoir shoreline is mostly under the jurisdiction of the California Department of Fish 

and Game (CDFG). 

3.3.2 Decision 

The following decisions are specific to the Indian Valley Management Area and are in addition to decisions in 

Section 2: 

3.3.2.1 Visual Resources Management 

• Middlecountry Zones: VRM Class II 

• Frontcountry Zones: VRM Class IV, for interior observation points. Areas visible from exterior 

identified KTRs and KOPs, will be managed as VRM Class IV for interior observation points and 

VRM Class II for exterior observation point views north, west, and southwest from the reservoir, 

and VRM Class IV for exterior observation point views east and southeast from the reservoir. 

3.3.2.2 Wildlife and Fish 

• Threatened and Endangered Species: Enhance habitat conditions if bald eagle nesting is documented in 

the vicinity of the reservoir; Protect suitable nesting and perching trees in potential habitat; Ensure 

that energy development has adequate measures to protect bald eagle habitat and flight routes. All 

Best Management Practices (BMPs) to protect bald eagles from adverse impacts of energy 

development will be required. Additionally the USFWS will be consulted regarding impacts to bald 

eagles at Indian Valley Reservoir. 

• Habitat: Minimize any disturbances to habitat from proposed projects on public lands. Prescribed 

burning will focus on those burns that improve habitat conditions in the chamise chaparral habitats 

on both sides of Indian Valley Reservoir. Protection of priority habitats will include active measures 

such as increasing the amount of priority vegetative species such as willows and cottonwoods in the 

riparian areas previously mentioned, as well as native oak habitats scattered throughout the 

geographic zone. Specific measures such as brush conversion to native grasses and brush piling to 

benefit species such as quail may be considered in suitable areas along Walker Ridge and others 

where quail will benefit. 

An expanded level of habitat development will benefit both game and non-game species. Prescribed 

burning, noxious weed reduction, brush piling, and water developments for habitat improvement will 

be implemented in priority locations such as Walker Ridge and the west side of Indian Valley 

Reservoir at an increased level. 

UKIAH FIELD OFFICE 51 
UKIAH RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PLAN 

Baseline fisheries surveys will be completed for species inventory and habitat condition in North 

Fork Cache Creek above and below the reservoir, and Bartlett Creek. Avoid and minimize adverse 

impacts on fisheries when conducting any project work, including habitat restoration activities. 

• Reintroductions and Augmentations: Only wildlife introductions of native species historically occurring on 

lands within the Indian Valley geographic unit will be considered if appropriate. An exception can be 

made for insects, plant pathogens, or other bio-control agents used to complete a specific resource 

objective such as reducing noxious weeds. 

Augmentation of existing native species will also be considered where appropriate. 

3.3.2.3 Vegetation Management 

• Treat annually up to twenty acres of yellow starthistle, medusahead, arundo, and tamarisk. 

3.3.2.4 Riparian and Wetland Resources 

See common decisions 

3.3.2.5 Cultural and Historic Resources 

See common decisions 

3.3.2.6 Lands and Realty 

• Limit communication sites in the Indian Valley management area to the following sites: the Colusa 

County / California Department of Forestry and Fire Prevention (CDF) site and the North Walker 

Ridge Site. 

• No exclusion or avoidance areas. 

3.3.2.7 Special Designations 

• Designate the Walker Ridge ACEC to include approximately 3,685 acres of BLM managed lands in 

eastern Lake County (see Figure 4). Special management is needed to protect serpentine ecosystems 

and associated sensitive plant species. Like Knoxville, Walker Ridge is well known for its serpentine 

endemic plant associations and is also considered by botanists as a “hot spot” for plant evolution. 

Inventory of sensitive resources will be completed before any new trails will be developed. 

• Expand the Indian Valley Brodiaea Research Natural Area ACEC to 100 acres by adding another 60 

acres of Brodiaea habitat along Stanton Creek (see Figure 4). 

3.3.2.8 Forest Management 

See common decisions 

52 
UKIAH RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PLAN 

3.3.2.9 Livestock Grazing Management 

• Due to manageability, the Salt Lick Canyon allotment will only be available for livestock use as a tool 

for weed control and/or hazardous fuels reduction upon sale of the base property. Upon sale of the 

base property, the grazing preference will not be transferred. 

3.3.2.10 Fire Management 

• Targets for average annual prescribed fire strategies (average annual acres): up to 600 

• Targets for decadal prescribed fire strategies (decadal acres): up to 6,000 

• Targets for mechanical treatment strategies (decadal acres): up to 300 

3.3.2.11 Energy and Minerals 

• Available 

3.3.2.12 Wind Energy 

• Available 

3.3.2.13 Travel Management and Route Designation (Note: see tables in Appendix A for details) 

• Motorized use is limited to the approximately 22 miles of inventoried existing routes (see Figure 4). 

• Within three years, BLM will design a manageable and sustainable multiple use trail network. In 

general, these routes will be open for motorized, non-motorized and mechanized recreation. BLM 

will work in conjunction with adjacent land managers (Mendocino National Forest, CDFG, and Yolo 

County Flood Control) to create the trail network. New trail segments may need to be constructed 

to connect existing trail segments and/or re-route to avoid highly erosive trail segments. 

3.3.2.14 Recreation 

See Figure 4 for ROS zones. 

Allowable Uses: 

ALLOWABLE USES MIDDLECOUNTRY FRONTCOUNTRY 

Non-motorized/non-mechanized Y 

Mechanized Y 

Motorized Y 

Shooting Y 

Notes: 

Y: Yes; motorized use is only allowed on designated routes. 

N: No. 

Y 

Y 

Y 

Y 

Middlecountry - Facility Development 

Potential facilities include but are not limited to the following: 

UKIAH FIELD OFFICE 53 
UKIAH RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PLAN 

• Collaborate with agencies, private landowners, individuals and organizations to identify locations for 

access and trailhead facilities. This could be accomplished on BLM acquired lands, partnership or an 

easement situation. 

• Develop and maintain trailhead facilities which may include parking area, restrooms, and kiosks. 

Frontcountry - Facility Development

Potential facilities include but are not limited to the following: 

• Collaborate with agencies, private landowners, wind energy companies, individuals and groups to 

identify locations for access and trailhead facilities. This could be accomplished on BLM acquired 

lands, partnership or an easement situation. 

• Develop and maintain trailhead facilities which may include parking area, restrooms, and kiosks. 

3.3.2.15 Interpretation and Education 

See common decisions 

3.3.2.16 Soil Resources 

• Participate with the State of California, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), local Native 

American tribes, and other interested parties, in methyl-mercury assessments and development of a 

recovery plan. 

3.3.2.17 Water Resources 

See common decisions 

3.3.2.18 Air Quality 

See common decisions 

54 
UKIAH RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PLAN 

3.4 CACHE CREEK 

3.4.1 Introduction 

The Cache Creek area encompasses approximately 124,000 acres, including about 70,000 acres of public 

land. It also includes the BLM managed Cache Creek Natural Area and the Rocky Creek / Cache Creek 

wilderness study area. It trends NW/SE, and is generally bounded on the north by Highway 20 and the 

North Fork of Cache Creek, on the west by Highway 53, on the south by Morgan Valley and the 

Berryessa-Knoxville Road, and on the east by Blue Ridge. 

3.4.2 Decision 

The following decisions are specific to the Cache Creek Management Area: 

Appendix N contains decisions adopted from the Cache Creek Coordinated Resource Management Plan (2004). 

3.4.2.1 Visual Resources Management 

• Backcountry Zones: VRM Class I 

• Middlecountry Zones: VRM Class III, for interior observation points. Areas visible from Cache 

Creek, a KTR, will be managed as VRM Class II. 

• Frontcountry Zones: VRM Class III, for interior observation points. Areas visible from Cache 

Creek, a KTR, will be managed as VRM Class II. North of Highway 20 will be managed as VRM 

Class IV. 

3.4.2.2 Wildlife and Fish 

• Threatened and Endangered Species: Monitor bald eagle populations according to the management 

prescriptions of the Cache Creek Coordinated Resource Management Plan (BLM 2004). 

Beginning in 2005, a seasonal closure to terrestrial public use will be implemented to protect any 

documented nesting bald eagles, including the nest site in the Wilson Valley area. This closure will 

last throughout the breeding season, from February 1 through June 30. A 1⁄2 mile buffer around the 

nest site will be posted as seasonally closed to all public use. If necessary, the closed area may be 

enlarged if certain activities such as gunfire or other impacts from too many visitors in too close 

proximity to the nest site cause unexpected disturbance. The closure may be expanded to include 

boaters if disturbance is observed. Additionally, if all bald eagle breeding activity is absent from area 

nest site for three consecutive years, this closure will be lifted until future evidence of breeding 

activity is documented through annual monitoring. 

Ensure that any energy development has adequate measures to protect bald eagle habitat and flight 

routes. All BMPs to protect bald eagles from any adverse impacts of energy development will be 

required. Additionally, the USFWS will be consulted regarding impacts to bald eagles within the 

Cache Creek Natural Area. 

• Migratory Birds: See common decisions 

UKIAH FIELD OFFICE 55 
UKIAH RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PLAN 

• Habitat: Manage wildlife and fish species, and their habitats within Cache Creek according to the 

management prescriptions included within the Cache Creek Coordinated Resource Management Plan 

(2004). See Appendix N for these decisions. 

Focus habitat improvement on implementing prescribed burns (see Fire Management Section), 

noxious weed reduction in key habitats, water developments, revegetation with native species, and 

brush piling. Additional projects such as brush piling for quail habitat will be considered where 

appropriate. Cooperative projects with CDFG and organizations including the Rocky Mountain Elk 

Foundation (RMEF), National Wild Turkey Federation (NWTF), and Quail Unlimited (QU) to 

improve habitat conditions will continue to be implemented as funding permits. Priorities for these 

projects include high quality habitats found on Cache, North Fork Cache, and Bear Creeks, as well as 

on recent acquisitions. This level of habitat development will be aimed at increasing current wildlife 

and fish population levels. 

Minimize any disturbances to wildlife and fish habitat from proposed projects on public lands. 

Avoid and minimize adverse impacts on migratory birds when conducting any project work, 

including habitat restoration activities within riparian and native oak habitats. Restore and enhance 

habitat for migratory birds in riparian and native oak habitats. Design a monitoring plan to provide 

long term data regarding bird populations and their habitats. Components of this plan will include 

the use of bird point counts or area searches with the intent of gathering statistically valid samples to 

assess the long-term effectiveness of management activities. Collaboration with other entities such as 

Partners in Flight, Audubon Society, or graduate students will be encouraged for this monitoring 

effort. 

Continue the current level of habitat developments that benefit game species and fisheries, including: 

prescribed burning, noxious plant reduction, native plant re-establishment, and water developments 

for habitat improvement will continue. Restore and enhance fisheries habitat on Cache, North Fork 

Cache, and Bear creeks as opportunities arise. The potential exists for expanding game fish 

populations in suitable wildlife ponds scattered throughout the Payne Ranch acquisition. Remove 

the invasive plants along Cache Creek, North Fork Cache Creek, and Bear Creek, such as salt cedar 

and arundo, to improve fisheries habitat conditions. Avoid and minimize adverse impacts on 

fisheries when conducting any project work, including habitat restoration activities. 

• Reintroductions and Augmentations: Continue augmentation of tule elk from herds throughout the state 

which have exceeded their carrying capacities. The Payne Ranch area contains more than 10,000 

acres of suitable elk habitat and is a suitable site to accommodate excess elk from other locations. 

The Payne Ranch area has sufficient habitat to support as many as 200 elk. 

Suitable ponds on the Payne Ranch acquisition may be augmented with species of game fish already 

present, including bass and bluegill, as appropriate. 

3.4.2.3 Vegetation Management 

• Treat annually up to 2,000 acres of yellow starthistle, medusahead, barb goatgrass, Italian thistle, 

arundo, perennial pepperweed, and tamarisk. 

56 
UKIAH RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PLAN 

3.4.2.4 Riparian and Wetland Resources 

See common decisions 

3.4.2.5 Cultural and Historic Resources 

• Prioritize archaeological inventory and site documentation for newly acquired lands in this area. 

3.4.2.6 Lands and Realty 

• Limit communications sites to the existing Yolo County Site (north of Highway 20) in the Cache 

Creek management area. 

• Cache Creek south of Highway 20 will be an exclusion area. 

3.4.2.7 Special Designations 

• Continue designation and management of the 11,228-acre Cache Creek ACEC (see Figure 5b) to 

protect the special resource values including riparian values along the creek, primitive recreation 

values, the bald eagle population, the Cache Creek tule elk herd, and cultural resource values. 

• Continue designation and management of the 11,206-acre Northern California Chaparral Research 

Natural Area (see Figure 5b) to protect botanical values found in an undisturbed block of chaparral 

habitat. 

• Manage the 33,582 acres of Cache Creek WSA identified in the 1979 Wilderness Final Intensive 

Inventory (see Figure 5a) under BLM Interim Management Policy (IMP) for Lands under Wilderness 

Review (H-8550-1), until Congressional designation as Wilderness or release from WSA status. 

• Manage 4,913 acres (see Figure 5a) immediately adjacent to the Cache Creek WSA (Wilderness 

Characteristic Assessment Units 1a, 1b, 2, 4, 5a, 8b, 8c, 10a, 10b, 10c, 11b, and 12b) for their 

wilderness characteristics (See Appendix C for management guidance). All of these lands were 

acquired since designation of the WSA in 1979. This includes assessment units acquired since 1979 

that meet the qualifications of wilderness characteristics and complement the values of the existing 

WSA. 

• Manage 9,235 acres (portions of Wilderness Characteristic Assessment Units 13A (22 acres), 13B 

(8,475 acres, and 6B (738)), known as Blue Ridge (see Figure 5a), for their wilderness characteristics 

(See Appendix C for management guidance). This area includes lands acquired since 1979 that 

created a contiguous block of public land that has wilderness characteristics. 

• The following river segments (see Figure 5a) are recommended as suitable for inclusion in the 

NWSRS and are subject to the Protective Management described in Section 2: 

− Cache Creek – Segment A – North Fork Cache Creek: 3.9 miles - Wild 

− Cache Creek – Segment B – South Fork Cache Creek: 3.6 miles - Scenic 

− Cache Creek – Segment C – Main Stem Cache Creek: 8.6 miles - Wild

UKIAH FIELD OFFICE 57 
UKIAH RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PLAN 

− Cache Creek – Segment D – Main Stem Cache Creek: 3.5 miles - Recreation 

3.4.2.8 Forest Management 

See common decisions 

3.4.2.9 Livestock Grazing Management 

• No allotments available for grazing in Cache Creek. Livestock facilities will be limited and temporary 

to maintain the natural character of the area. This is the current level on management and is in 

conformance with the Cache Creek CRMP (2004). 

3.4.2.10 Fire Management 

• Targets for average annual prescribed fire strategies (average annual acres): up to 1,000 

• Targets for decadal prescribed fire strategies (decadal acres): up to 10,000 

• Targets for mechanical treatment strategies (decadal acres): up to 500 

3.4.2.11 Energy and Minerals 

• The Cache Creek management area is proposed for withdrawal under the mining laws. It is 

recommended for closure to locatable mineral exploration and development. It is also closed to 

locatable mineral activities that require reclamation. These lands are also closed to mineral material 

disposal. 

• The Cache Creek management area is closed to fluid mineral leasing. 

3.4.2.12 Wind Energy 

• Cache Creek south of Highway 20 is an exclusion areas for wind energy applications. 

3.4.2.13 Travel Management and Route Designation (Note: see tables in Appendix A for details) 

• Currently, there is access to the exterior along Highway 20 and Highway 16 with limited vehicle 

access to the interior via Yolo County Road 40, Langs Peak Road, and Fiske Lake Road. 

• A trails plan will be completed within five years for Cache Creek that will adequately help disperse 

users, minimize contact between users and offer multiple use recreation opportunities as much as 

possible. The existing trails will be integrated into the trails plan as much as possible. BLM may 

develop up to 50 miles of new trail. 

3.4.2.14 Recreation 

See Figure 5a for ROS zones 

Allowable Uses 

ALLOWABLE USES BACKCOUNTRY MIDDLECOUNTRY FRONTCOUNTRY 

58 
UKIAH RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PLAN 

Non-motorized/non-mechanized Y Y Y 

Mechanized Y Y Y 

Motorized N N L 

Shooting N N N 

Notes: 

Y: Yes; motorized use is only allowed on designated routes. 

N: No. 

L: Limited; OHV use limited by season as shown in Travel Management and Route Designation section. 

Backcountry - Facility Development

Potential facilities include but are not limited to the following: 

• Benches in several locations along trails for resting and experiencing the viewshed (ridge line, ponds, 

etc.). 

Middlecountry - Facility Development

Potential facilities include but are not limited to the following: 

• Expand and maintain an overflow area for Blue Oak Campground. 

• Additional parking areas and/or trailheads along Highway 20, as lands and safety issues allow. 

Frontcountry - Facility Development

Potential facilities include but are not limited to the following: 

• Collaborate with private landowners, groups and organizations to identify locations for access and 

trailhead facilities along Reiff-Rayhouse Road. This could be accomplished on BLM acquired lands, 

partnerships or an easement acquisition. 

• Develop a new trailhead for the Perkins Creek Ridge Trail. 

• Continue development of Cowboy Camp Trailhead as a multi-use public access. 

• Develop additional access site for year round equestrian access and camping. 

• Develop minimal facilities at Fiske Lake for camping use. 

• Develop an alternate parking area for access off Highway 53 for non-motorized public use which will 

tie into Perkins Creek Ridge Trail. 

• Develop a parking area for access off Highway 53 that connects with the local county and city park 

system, and the BLM lands. 

• Develop wheelchair accessible overlooks for viewing of the landscape. 

• Develop informational, interpretive and educational kiosks. 

3.4.2.15 Interpretation and Education 

See common decisions 

3.4.2.16 Soil Resources 

See common decisions 

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3.4.2.17 Water Resources 

• Stabilize headcuts in Cache Creek watershed. 

• Continue to collaborate with watershed groups, educational institutions and resource conservation 

districts on watershed assessments and improvement projects. 

3.4.2.18 Air Quality 

See common decisions 

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UKIAH RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PLAN 

3.5 CEDAR ROUGHS 

3.5.1 Introduction 

The Cedar Roughs area is about 12,000 acres, including about 6,700 acres of public land on the 

southwest side of Lake Berryessa south of Pope Creek. The area contains the Cedar Roughs wilderness 

study area (WSA). Hardin Creek and Baldy Mountain are to the southwest of the WSA, and the WSA 

extends to Iron Mountain on the southeast. 

3.5.2 Decision 

The following decisions are specific to the Cedar Roughs Management Area and are in addition to decisions in 

Section 2: 

3.5.2.1 Visual Resources Management 

• Primitive Zones: VRM Class I 

• Backcountry Zones: VRM Class I 

• Frontcountry Zones: VRM Class III, for interior observation points. Areas visible from exterior 

identified KTRs and KOPs, will be managed as VRM Class III for interior observation points and 

VRM Class II for exterior observation points. 

3.5.2.2 Wildlife and Fish 

• Habitat: Focus habitat management on passive activities and on maintaining the current level of 

wildlife and fish populations by preventing any impacts from user-related causes. 

Due to the dominance of the Sargent cypress (Cupressus sargentii) stand and a lack of high quality 

wildlife habitats within the Cedar Roughs geographic zone, there have been no recent prescribed 

burns completed in this area and none are proposed under this alternative. No other habitat 

enhancement projects have been implemented and none are proposed. 

Focus the protection of priority wildlife habitats on the limited riparian habitat found along Trout, 

Pope, Maxwell, and Hardin creeks, as well as native oak habitats found along the southwestern 

boundary with private lands. Protect the Sargent cypress stand in this location from any 

development, including trails. 

3.5.2.3 Vegetation Management 

• Treat annually up to thirty acres of tamarisk, yellow starthistle, and medusahead. 

3.5.2.4 Riparian and Wetland Resources 

See common decisions 

3.5.2.5 Cultural and Historic Resources 

See common decisions 

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3.5.2.6 Lands and Realty 

• No communications sites will be allowed in the Cedar Roughs management area. 

• Cedar Roughs is an avoidance area. 

3.5.2.7 Special Designations 

• Manage the 5,597 acres of Cedar Roughs WSA (see Figure 6) identified in the 1979 Wilderness 

Final Intensive Inventory under BLM Interim Management Policy (IMP) for Lands under Wilderness 

Review (H-8550-1), until Congressional designation as Wilderness or release from WSA status. 

• Expand the Cedar Roughs Research Natural Area ACEC to 6,350 acres (see Figure 6) by adding 753 

acres to the existing ACEC, thereby encompassing the entire acreage of BLM lands within Cedar 

Roughs area. When the Cedar Roughs ACEC was established, the 753 acres of public lands north 

and west of the original Cedar Roughs area were not contiguous. The CDFG has now acquired 

property which joins the two pieces of public lands. Expansion of the Cedar Roughs ACEC will 

include additional acreage of the Sargent cypress (Cupressus sargentii) habitat. 

3.5.2.8 Forest Management 

See common decisions 

3.5.2.9 Livestock Grazing Management 

• Due to manageability, the Maxwell Creek allotment will only be available for livestock use as a tool 

for weed control and/or hazardous fuels reduction upon sale of the base property. Upon sale of the 

base property, the grazing preference will not be transferred. 

3.5.2.10 Fire Management 

• Targets for average annual prescribed fire strategies (average annual acres): up to 100 

• Targets for decadal prescribed fire strategies (decadal acres): up to 1,000 

• Targets for mechanical treatment strategies (decadal acres): up to 100 

3.5.2.11 Energy and Minerals 

• The Cedar Roughs management area is closed to mineral material disposal and closed to locatable 

mineral activities that require reclamation. 

• The management area ia closed to fluid mineral leasing. 

3.5.2.12 Wind Energy 

• Cedar Roughs is an exclusion areas for wind energy applications. 

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UKIAH RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PLAN 

3.5.2.13 Travel Management and Route Designation (Note: see tables in Appendix A for details) 

• Currently, there is legal foot access via Pope Canyon Road, parking in a pullout on Bureau of 

Reclamation (BOR) property. To access the BLM managed lands, visitors must cross either CDFG 

or BOR lands. Additionally, there is boat-in access via Pope Creek from the main body of Lake 

Berryessa. There is no legal vehicle access into the area. The existing abandoned jeep trail that 

provides access to the main block of public lands is on CDFG land. There are old jeep roads in the 

southern portion that are most likely used by adjacent private land owners for access and hunting. 

• If BLM acquires land adjacent to Cedar Roughs (to the east of Trout Ridge), additional access and 

trailhead facilities will be developed to promote non-motorized access. 

3.5.2.14 Recreation 

See Figure 6 for ROS zones. 

Allowable Uses 

ALLOWABLE USES PRIMITIVE BACKCOUNTRY FRONTCOUNTRY 

Non-motorized/non- Y Y Y 

mechanized 

Mechanized N N Y 

Motorized N N Y 

Shooting N N Y 

Notes: Y: Yes; motorized use is only allowed on designated routes. 

N: No. 

Frontcountry - Facility Development

The overall goal of facilities will be to serve as basic staging areas and access corridors. 

Potential facilities include but are not limited to the following: 

• Collaborate with individuals and organizations to identify locations on along the Knoxville - 

Berryessa Road for parking facilities. This could be accomplished on BLM acquired lands, 

partnership or an easement situation. 

• Develop and maintain trailhead facilities (if feasible) along Berryessa Road. Services may include 

parking area, restrooms, and kiosks. 

3.5.2.15 Interpretation and Education 

See common decisions 

3.5.2.16 Soil Resources 

• Manage Cedar Roughs to insure integrity of the serpentine soils. 

3.5.2.17 Water Resources 

See common decisions 

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UKIAH RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PLAN 

3.5.2.18 Air Quality 

See common decisions 

64 
UKIAH RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PLAN 

3.6 BERRYESSA 

3.6.1 Introduction 

The Berryessa management area covers about 56,000 acres, including about 15,000 acres of public land 

around Berryessa peak, east of Lake Berryessa. The area is on a mountain ridge and is generally 

inaccessible to the public. The southern portion of Blue Ridge is included in this management area and is 

publicly accessible. 

3.6.2 Decision 

The following decisions are specific to the Berryessa Management Area and are in addition to decisions in 

Section 2: 

3.6.2.1 Visual Resources Management 

• Frontcountry Zone: VRM Class III; exception: if wind energy is developed, the area will be managed 

to VRM Class IV. 

• Backcountry Zones: VRM Class II 

3.6.2.2 Wildlife and Fish 

• Habitat: Focus habitat management on passive activities and on maintaining the current level of 

wildlife and fish populations by preventing any impacts from user-related causes. 

No recent prescribed burns have occurred and none will be implemented under this alternative. 

Additionally, no other habitat enhancement projects have been implemented and none are proposed. 

Protection of priority wildlife habitats will focus on the limited riparian habitat found in Gosling 

Canyon and other canyons leading from Blue Ridge to Lake Berryessa, as well as native oak habitats 

occurring along the boundary with private lands. 

3.6.2.3 Vegetation Management 

• If future populations of noxious weeds are inventoried, any effective treatment will be allowed. 

3.6.2.4 Riparian and Wetland Resources 

See common decisions 

3.6.2.5 Cultural and Historic Resources 

See common decisions 

3.6.2.6 Lands and Realty 

• Limit communication sites to the existing site on Berryessa Peak. 

• Blue Ridge is an exclusion area. 

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UKIAH RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PLAN 

3.6.2.7 Special Designations 

• Manage 9,235 acres (portions of Wilderness Characteristic Assessment Units 13A (22 acres), 13B 

(8,475 acres, and 6B (738)), known as Blue Ridge (see Figure 7), for their wilderness characteristics 

(see Appendix C for management guidance). This area includes lands acquired since 1979 that 

created a contiguous block of public land that has wilderness characteristics. 

3.6.2.8 Forest Management 

See common decisions 

3.6.2.9 Livestock Grazing Management 

• Rocky Ridge allotment is available for livestock grazing. 

• The Portuguese Canyon allotment will only be available for livestock use as a tool for weed control 

and/or hazardous fuels reduction upon sale of the base property. Upon sale of the base property, 

the grazing preference will not be transferred. 

3.6.2.10 Fire Management 

• Targets for average annual prescribed fire strategies (average annual acres): up to 250 

• Targets for decadal prescribed fire strategies (decadal acres): up to 2,500 

• Targets for mechanical treatment strategies (decadal acres): up to 250 

3.6.2.11 Energy and Minerals 

• Blue Ridge is closed to mineral material disposal and closed to locatable mineral activities that require 

reclamation. 

• Blue Ridge ia closed to fluid mineral leasing. 

3.6.2.12 Wind Energy 

• Blue Ridge is am exclusion areas for wind energy applications. The remainder of the Berryessa 

management area is an avoidance area for wind energy applications. 

3.6.2.13 Travel Management and Route Designation (Note: see tables in Appendix A for details) 

• Currently, there is no legal public access to this area except for the adjacent landowners. BLM holds 

an easement for official use only. 

• There are existing roads on the BLM lands that are used for access to the radio communication vault 

and fire breaks along the ridge lines. Routes are being used by staff to operate the radio tower and by 

adjacent landowners, most likely during the hunting season. BLM will monitor existing routes and 

may develop reroutes as necessary to protect resources. 

66 
UKIAH RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PLAN 

3.6.2.14 Recreation 

See Figure 7 for ROS zones 

Allowable Uses 

ALLOWABLE USES FRONTCOUNTRY BACKCOUNTRY 

Non-motorized/non-mechanized Y Y 

Mechanized Y Y 

Motorized Y N 

Shooting Y Y 

Notes: Y: Yes; motorized use is only allowed on designated routes. 

N: No. 

• Physical Setting/Facilities: As much as possible, maintain a naturally appearing landscape. The works 

and impacts of humans are minimal in number. 

Maintain the existing network of roads, directional signing, and minimal communication site facilities. 

There are currently no recreational facilities in the area. 

• Social Setting: Interaction with others is not likely as there is no legal public access. 

• Management Presence: Management presence on-site is infrequent. 

• Allowable Uses: See above. 

− Vehicle access is required for the radio communication site operations such as maintenance, 

coordination of road maintenance with private landowners, and resource monitoring. An 

activity level plan will be developed if legal public access is available. 

• Facility Development: No new recreational facilities will be developed on Berryessa peak unless legal 

public access is available. 

• Monitoring: Monitor use to determine impacts from recreational use on natural and cultural resources. 

This monitoring program includes the following components: 

− Photo collection of resource impact at natural meadow type areas normally used for spike camps 

during hunting season and road conditions. Impacts on vegetation, soils, etc. as well as 

identifying resource problems like sanitation, litter, proliferation of fire rings, etc. 

3.6.2.15 Interpretation and Education 

• No new interpretive facilities will be constructed (for the purpose of this plan, interpretive facilities is 

defined as signs, exhibits, waysides, kiosks, brochure distribution boxes, etc.). 

3.6.2.16 Soil Resources 

See common decisions 

3.6.2.17 Water Resources 

See common decisions 

UKIAH FIELD OFFICE 67 
UKIAH RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PLAN 

3.6.2.18 Air Quality 

See common decisions 

68 
UKIAH RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PLAN 

3.7 STORNETTA 

3.7.1 Introduction 

The Stornetta Public Lands are a recent acquisition. Donated from the Nature Conservancy to the BLM 

on July 1, 2004, the Stornetta Public Lands consist of 1,132 acres of coastline property along the southern 

Mendocino Coast. The property has over two miles of Pacific coastline, two miles of the Garcia River, 

the Garcia River estuary, 1⁄4 mile of beach adjacent to Manchester State Park, and a five-acre island called 

Sea Lion Rocks. Several state and federal agencies recognize the property for its significant natural and 

cultural resources, including important wildlife habitat, several riparian corridors, extensive wetlands, 

ponds and other water sources, cypress groves, meadows, and sand dunes. The Stornetta Public Lands 

also serve as a gateway to the recently established California Coastal National Monument (CCNM). Sea 

Lion Rocks is now a part of the CCNM. The CCNM, under the jurisdiction of the BLM, is 

approximately 1000 acres of rocks and islands which stand above mean high tide and extend 12 nautical 

miles into the Pacific. 

3.7.2 Decision 

The following decisions are specific to the Stornetta Management Area and are in addition to decisions in 

Section 2: 

3.7.2.1 Visual Resources Management 

• Middlecountry Zones: VRM Class II 

• Frontcountry Zones: VRM Class III 

3.7.2.2 Wildlife and Fish 

• Threatened and Endangered Species: 

Terrestrial Species: Follow management prescriptions as described in the recovery plans for listed 

species known to occur in the management area. 

Three draft recovery plans have been prepared by the USFWS for species known to exist on the 

Stornetta public lands. The Draft Recovery Plan for Behren’s Silverspot Butterfly (Speyeria zerene behrensii) was 

completed in November 2003, the Draft Recovery Plan for the Point Arena Mountain Beaver (Aplodontia rufa 

nigra (Rafinesque)) was completed in June 1998, and the Western Snowy Plover Draft Recovery Plan was 

completed in May 2001. 

(1) Actions needed for recovery of the Behren’s silverspot butterfly as listed in the recovery plan 

include: 

− Protect existing habitat. 

− Determine ecological requirements, populations, constraints, and management needs. 

− Reduce take and sources of mortality. 

− Undertake public information and outreach program. 

In addition, the following measures will be taken for the Behren’s silverspot butterfly: 

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UKIAH RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PLAN 

• Habitat inventory and monitoring will be conducted in cooperation with USFWS. 

• Habitat improvements such as those to improve forage species populations for the Behren’s 

silverspot butterfly will be done in cooperation with the USFWS to ensure population 

viability and/or recovery. 

• Herbicides or pesticides will not be used in occupied or potential habitat (defined by 

presence of Viola sp. and primary nectar plants) of the butterfly, unless it can be 

shown to improve the habitat and the species. BLM would consult with the Service 

on each of these projects. 

• In known or potential butterfly habitat, only mowing and/or prescribed burn 

projects specifically designed to enhance and maintain violets and/or nectar plants 

would be proposed and BLM will consult with the Service on each of these projects. 

• As a part of BLM's commitment to work with the Service to determine ecological 

requirements, populations, constraints, and management needs for the butterfly, 

BLM will work with partners, such as the Service, other Federal agencies, State 

agencies, and researchers, to study the relationship between livestock grazing and 

species habitat and will use information garnered to help manage livestock grazing to 

meet the habitat needs of the butterfly. 

• Any new trails will be constructed in such a way as to minimize adverse effects to 

known and potential butterfly habitat. Before trail locations are proposed, basic 

butterfly distribution data will be determined. BLM would consult with the Service 

on each proposed trail. 

• If it is determined that public use may adversely affect the butterfly or its habitat, 

these areas will be closed, either permanently, seasonally, or temporarily, as needed, 

and signed to assure the butterfly is protected. 

(2) Actions needed for recovery of the Point Arena Mountain Beaver as listed in the recovery plan 

include: 

− Protect known populations. 

− Protect suitable habitat, buffers and corridors. 

− Develop management plans and guidelines. 

− Gather biological and ecological data necessary for conservation of the subspecies. 

− Determine feasibility of, and the need for, relocation. 

− Establish an outreach program. 

Known Mountain beaver habitat will be protected from livestock grazing with fencing. 

Occasional sightings of the Western snowy plover (Charadrius alexandrinus nivosus) have been 

noted on the wave front north of the Garcia River. No nesting has been documented on the 

Stornetta public lands. This could be due in part to habitat degradation caused by the 

establishment of European beachgrass for dune stabilization. However, a nesting population has 

been identified on the adjacent Manchester Beach State Park lands at Brush Creek 11⁄2 miles to 

the north. With habitat improvement and/or reclamation of dune areas, plover use of the area 

for nesting might be reestablished. 

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UKIAH RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PLAN 

The Western Snowy Plover Draft Recovery Plan (May 2001) recommended the following conservation 

measures: 

− Exclosures, symbolic fencing and signs 

− Law enforcement 

− Predator control 

− European beachgrass control 

− Off-highway restrictions and management

− Population monitoring 

− Salt pond management 

− Habitat acquisition 

Habitat improvement for Western snowy plover will include the leveling removal of European 

beach grass for up to 40 acres adjoining the wave front. This will improve western snowy plover 

habitat while maintaining a buffer of stabilized dunes to protect the Stornetta ranch private 

properties from sand movement and inundation. Habitat improvement projects will be 

coordinated with Manchester Beach State Park to the north. 

The brown pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis) was listed on June 2, 1970 and the Recovery Plan was 

final on February 2, 1983. The brown pelican is common spring through fall and rare during the 

winter on the Mendocino Coast. Nesting occurs on small coastal islands throughout California. 

No nesting has been documented on Sea Lion Rocks. Brown pelicans use sand spits and 

offshore sandbars for loafing and nocturnal roosting areas. No man made structures (i.e., piers, 

pilings, or breakwaters) are associated with the Stornetta public lands that the pelicans could 

roost on. Roosting could occur on Sea Lion Rocks, the island in the Garcia Estuary or on the 

northern wave front. 

Fish Species 

− In coordination and cooperation with CDFG and NOAA, complete restoration and 

rehabilitation activities that become necessary or ecologically desirable in the Garcia River 

estuary and Hathaway Creek for salmonid species. 

− Hathaway Creek will not be available for livestock grazing (see Livestock Grazing 

Management section). 

− Hathaway Creek will be fenced with a 100 foot buffer to prevent livestock use in the 

riparian area. 

− Conduct surveys to determine if the tidewater goby (Eucyclogobius newberry) are present 

in the Garcia River Estuary and if the habitat is suitable. If the species or suitable habitat is 

present, follow management prescriptions as described in the recovery plan (Draft Recovery 

Plan completed October 2004). 

• Habitat: Prioritize projects on the reduction of invasive plant populations, such as encroaching beach 

pines, sweet vernal, and velvet grass, for the improvement toward a native coastal prairie using such 

tools as prescribed burning, pesticide application, and re-vegetation of native species. 

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UKIAH RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PLAN 

3.7.2.3 Vegetation Management 

• Treat up to fifty acres annually. 

• Conduct surveys to determine if Contra Costa goldfields (Lasthenia conjugens) are present and if the 

habitat is suitable. If the species or suitable habitat is present, follow management prescriptions as 

described in the recovery plan. 

3.7.2.4 Riparian and Wetland Resources 

• In areas where grazing is taking place, the BLM in cooperation with the grazing lessee(s) will take 

necessary steps to protect streams, waterways, and sloughs which are not in properly functioning 

condition. 

• Determine riparian/wetland conditions at Stornetta, and classify in one of the following conditions: 

PFC, Functional-At Risk (FAR), Nonfunctional, and Unknown. 

• Advance riparian/wetland areas into Proper Functioning Condition. 

3.7.2.5 Cultural and Historic Resources 

• Prioritize archaeological inventory and site documentation for newly acquired lands in this area. 

• Develop a regional overview for this area. 

3.7.2.6 Lands and Realty 

• No communications sites are allowed in the Stornetta area. 

• Stornetta is an avoidance area. 

3.7.2.7 Special Designations 

• Designate the Stornetta ACEC (see Figure 8) to include 887 acres of BLM managed lands, from 

Hathaway Creek, west to the Pacific Ocean, and south of the Garcia River. The primary features 

receiving special management by this designation include areas identified as threatened habitat for the 

Point Arena mountain beaver (Aplodontia rufa nigra), Behren’s silverspot butterfly (Speyeria zerene 

behrensii), populations of the Coast lily (Lilium maritimum), and three anadromous populations of 

salmon. 

• The following river segment (see Figure 8) is recommended as suitable for inclusion in the NWSRS 

and is subject to the Protective Management described in Section 2: 

− Garcia River: 1.41 miles – Scenic 

3.7.2.8 Forest Management 

See common decisions 

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UKIAH RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PLAN 

3.7.2.9 Livestock Grazing Management 

• The Stornetta management area is available for livestock grazing until June 29, 2014. Hathaway 

Creek riparian area is not available for livestock grazing. 

• At the termination or expiration of the existing lease, BLM will complete an assessment to determine 

at what level livestock grazing will be allowed. Until completion of this assessment, the area will be 

considered for livestock grazing, subject to regulation and policy after consultation and cooperation 

with affected agencies and the public. 

• Construction of facilities will be limited to protect natural and cultural resources and the scenic 

character of the Point Arena area. 

3.7.2.10 Fire Management 

• Targets for average annual prescribed fire strategies (average annual acres): up to 10 

• Targets for decadal prescribed fire strategies (decadal acres): up to 100 

• Targets for mechanical treatment strategies (decadal acres): up to 25 

3.7.2.11 Energy and Minerals 

• The Stornetta management area is proposed for withdrawal under the mining laws. It is 

recommended for closure to locatable mineral exploration and development. It is also closed to 

locatable mineral activities that require reclamation. These lands are also closed to mineral material 

disposal. 

• The Stornetta management area ia closed to fluid mineral leasing. 

3.7.2.12 Wind Energy 

• Stornetta is an exclusion areas for wind energy applications. 

3.7.2.13 Travel Management and Route Designation (Note: see tables in Appendix A for details) 

• Create a trail system utilizing the existing routes for non-motorized and mechanized recreation as 

much as feasible. BLM may develop up to 12 miles of new trail. 

3.7.2.14 Recreation 

See Figure 8 for ROS zones. 

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UKIAH RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PLAN 

Allowable Uses 

ALLOWABLE USES MIDDLECOUNTRY FRONTCOUNTRY 

Non-motorized/non-mechanized Y Y 

Mechanized Y Y 

Motorized N N 

Shooting N N 

Notes: Y: Yes; mechanized use here does not include hang gliding or rock climbing. 

N: No. 

Stornetta and Point Arena is identified as a gateway to the California Coastal National Monument. 

Middlecountry - Facility Development

Potential facilities include but are not limited to the following: 

• Install sitting benches near the coast or Garcia River. 

• Install water crossing structure over the Garcia River to access the Frontcountry Zone. 

Frontcountry - Facility Development 

• Identify the minimum necessary locations for parking/facilities along Lighthouse Road, Highway 1, 

and Miner’s Hole Road. 

3.7.2.15 Interpretation and Education 

See common decisions 

3.7.2.16 Soil Resources 

• Monitor the affects on soil health of grazing and all other public activities. Monitoring results may 

result in changes in allowable use or the development of projects to mitigate negative impacts. 

• Monitor and record data on known sinkholes and blowholes to track changes in geology. 

• Determine affects of geological activity on soils in the area. 

3.7.2.17 Water Resources 

See common decisions 

3.7.2.18 Air Quality 

See common decisions 

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UKIAH RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PLAN 

3.8 THE GEYSERS 

3.8.1 Introduction 

The Geysers area straddles the Lake County/Sonoma County line. The Geysers area is comprised of 

approximately 37,000 acres, of which about 7,100 acres are public land. 

3.8.2 Decision 

The following decisions are specific to the Geysers Management Area and are in addition to decisions in 

Section 2: 

3.8.2.1 Visual Resources Management 

• Middlecountry Zones: VRM Class III 

• Rural Zones: VRM Class IV 

3.8.2.2 Wildlife and Fish 

• Habitat: Habitat management will primarily be passive and will focus on maintaining the current level 

of wildlife and fish populations by preventing adverse impacts from geothermal development. There 

have been no recent prescribed burns and there will be none implemented under this alternative. No 

other habitat enhancement projects have been implemented and none are proposed. Protection of 

priority wildlife habitats will focus on riparian and native oak habitats. 

• Migratory Birds: Ensure that any energy development has adequate measures to protect migratory bird 

habitat and flight routes. 

• Reintroductions and Augmentations: Augmentation of existing naturalized species will be considered 

where appropriate. 

3.8.2.3 Vegetation Management 

• If future populations of noxious weeds are inventoried, any effective treatment will be allowed. 

3.8.2.4 Riparian and Wetland Resources 

See common decisions 

3.8.2.5 Cultural and Historic Resources 

See common decisions 

3.8.2.6 Lands and Realty 

• No exclusion or avoidance areas. 

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UKIAH RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PLAN 

3.8.2.7 Special Designations 

See common decisions 

3.8.2.8 Forest Management 

See common decisions 

3.8.2.9 Livestock Grazing Management 

• No allotments available for grazing in the Geysers management area. 

3.8.2.10 Fire Management 

• Targets for average annual prescribed fire strategies (average annual acres): up to 100 

• Targets for decadal prescribed fire strategies (decadal acres): up to 1,000 

• Targets for mechanical treatment strategies (decadal acres): up to 500 

3.8.2.11 Energy and Minerals 

See common decisions 

3.8.2.12 Wind Energy 

See common decisions 

3.8.2.13 Travel Management and Route Designation (Note: see tables in Appendix A for details) 

• Allow year round public vehicle access using designated routes. 

• BLM may develop up to 20 miles of new trail for motorized, non-motorized and mechanized 

recreation. 

3.8.2.14 Recreation 

See Figure 9 for ROS zones. 

Allowable Uses 

ALLOWABLE USES MIDDLECOUNTRY RURAL 

Non-motorized/non-mechanized Y 

Mechanized Y 

Motorized N 

Shooting Y 

Notes: Y: Yes; motorized use is only allowed on designated routes. 

N: No. 

Y 

Y 

Y 

N 

Middlecountry - Facility Development 

Potential facilities include but are not limited to the following: 

76 
UKIAH RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PLAN 

• Collaborate with geothermal companies, private landowners, groups, individuals and agencies to 

identify locations for access and trailhead facilities. This could be accomplished on BLM acquired 

lands, partnership or an easement. 

• Develop and maintain trailhead facilities which may include parking area, restrooms, and kiosks. 

Rural Zone - Facility Development

Potential facilities include but are not limited to the following: 

• Collaborate with geothermal companies, private landowners, agencies, groups and individuals to 

identify locations for access and trailhead facilities. This could be accomplished on BLM acquired 

lands, partnership or an easement. 

• Develop and maintain trailhead facilities which may include parking area, restrooms, and kiosks. 

3.8.2.15 Interpretation and Education 

See common decisions 

3.8.2.16 Soil Resources 

• Evaluate current power plant and drilling pad locations, roads, pipelines transmission lines, rights-ofways, and other facilities locations for sediment production. If sediment production is unacceptable, 

implement appropriate mitigation measures. 

• Evaluate all new proposed power plants and implement mitigation measures, as necessary, to 

minimize the production of sediment during construction and operation of the plant. 

3.8.2.17 Water Resources 

See common decisions 

3.8.2.18 Air Quality 

See common decisions 

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3.9 SCATTERED TRACTS 

3.9.1 Introduction 

The Scattered Tracts management unit comprises the public lands in the planning area that are not part 

of any of the other management areas. These tracts are mostly small parcels of public land surrounded 

by private property, which makes them inaccessible to the public. BLM-managed Scattered Tracts total 

approximately 47,000 acres. 

3.9.2 Decision 

The following decisions are specific to the Scattered Tracts Management Area: 

3.9.2.1 Visual Resources Management 

• Middlecountry and Frontcountry Zones: VRM Class III, except as follows: 

The Cedars and lands adjacent to Montgomery Woods State Park: VRM Class II 

Black Forest: VRM Class II 

3.9.2.2 Wildlife and Fish 

• Habitat: Habitat management will primarily be passive and will focus on eliminating unauthorized 

uses affecting habitat for wildlife and fish populations. No other habitat enhancement projects have 

been implemented and none are proposed. 

3.9.2.3 Vegetation Management 

• Treat up to ten acres of noxious weeds annually. 

3.9.2.4 Riparian and Wetland Resources 

See common decisions 

3.9.2.5 Cultural and Historic Resources 

See common decisions 

3.9.2.6 Lands and Realty 

• Black Forest is an avoidance area. 

3.9.2.7 Special Designations 

• Designate the BLM public lands known as “The Cedars of Sonoma County” as an ACEC (see Figure 

10). The total acreage of this unique environment is approximately 1,500 acres, and is located 4 miles 

north of the town of Cazadero, California and 2 miles northeast of the Austin Creek State Recreation 

Area. The Cedars ACEC includes all BLM (surface) managed lands in the area identified on the 

Cazadero U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Quadrangle as the “The Cedars” in the upper reaches of 

the Austin Creek Drainage. The primary features protected in the Cedars ACEC are the unique 

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association of vegetation and picturesque terrain. The area is extremely steep and rugged, bisected by 

canyon lands. The area is dominated by serpentine chaparral, Sargent cypress (Cupressus sargentii) 

woodlands, and serpentine barrens. Numerous sensitive species are found in the area with manzanita 

(Arctostaphylos bakeri sublaevis) found on the BLM lands. The area has been designated as a unique 

feature/biotic area by the Sonoma County Planning Department. Currently, this area has no public 

access, but tours are conducted by the California Native Plants Society. 

• Designate the Black Forest ACEC to include approximately 247 acres of BLM managed lands on 

Mount Konocti (see Figure 10). The primary values protected by this designation are the rocky cliffs 

which support Peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus) habitat, the unique geologic boulders found 

throughout the area, and the mid-elevation old-growth Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) forest. 

3.9.2.8 Forest Management 

See common decisions 

3.9.2.9 Livestock Grazing Management 

• Rail Canyon and Salt Creek allotments are available for livestock grazing (Salt Creek is currently 

available for disposal). 

3.9.2.10 Fire Management 

• Targets for average annual prescribed fire strategies (average annual acres): up to 250 

• Targets for decadal prescribed fire strategies (decadal acres): up to 2,500 

• Targets for mechanical treatment strategies (decadal acres): up to 1,000 

3.9.2.11 Energy and Minerals 

• Black Forest ACEC is closed to mineral material disposal and closed to locatable mineral activities 

that require reclamation. 

• The Black Forest ACEC and the Cedars ACEC are closed to fluid mineral leasing. 

3.9.2.12 Wind Energy 

• Black Forest is an exclusion area for wind energy applications. 

3.9.2.13 Travel Management and Route Designation (Note: see tables in Appendix A for details) 

• Investigate legal public access opportunities, develop vehicle access and use any existing routes for 

motorized, non-motorized and mechanized recreation. Any rehabilitation or development work will 

need to be coordinated with the adjacent landowners and in conjunction with partnerships for access. 

• BLM may develop up to 25 miles of new trail in an effort to connect fragmented lands. 

• For the newly acquired Black Forest, develop trailhead (parking facilities) and up to 20 miles of trails 

for mechanized and non-motorized recreation. 

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3.9.2.14 Recreation 

See Figure 10 for ROS zones 

Allowable Uses 

ALLOWABLE USES MIDDLECOUNTRY FRONTCOUNTRY 

Non-motorized/non-mechanized Y Y 

Mechanized Y Y 

Motorized L L 

Shooting N N 

Notes: Y: Yes; motorized use is only allowed on designated routes. 

N: No. 

L: Limited; no motorized use allowed in the Black Forest ACEC or the Cedars ACEC. 

Middlecountry - Facility Development

Potential facilities include but are not limited to the following: 

• Collaborate with agencies, groups, private landowners, and other individuals to identify locations for 

access and trailhead facilities. This could be accomplished on BLM acquired lands, partnerships or 

an easement acquisition. 

• Develop and maintain minimal trailhead facilities which may include parking area, restrooms, and 

kiosks. 

Frontcountry - Facility Development 

For the Black Forest, BLM will collaborate with individuals, groups and agencies to improve existing 

trailhead/parking area to accommodate multiple uses. The initial improved development will be minimal 

(parking and informational kiosk) unless visitation requires additional services. 

3.9.2.15 Interpretation and Education 

See common decisions 

3.9.2.16 Soil Resources 

For the Black Forest area: 

• Collect baseline data of soil health, productivity, growing medium for native vegetation onsite, site 

stability, and upland hydrologic function. 

• Locate and assess roads and trails that were in use before property acquisition. 

• Use data and an associated analysis for project planning and prioritizing of activities. 

• Information will also provide the guidance to make determinations on future road decommissioning 

or rehabilitation. 

3.9.2.17 Water Resources 

See common decisions 

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3.9.2.18 Air Quality 

See common decisions 

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