Environmental Assessment 

By David L. Fey, Stanley E. Church, Travis S. Schmidt, Richard B. Wanty, Philip L. 

erplanck, Paul J. Lamothe, Monique Adams, and Michael W. Anthony 

Open-File Report 2007–1044 

U.S. Department of the Interior 

Selected Field Parameters from Streams and

Preliminary Analytical Data from Water and

Macroinvertebrate Samples, Central Colorado 

Assessment Project,

Task, 2004 and 2005 

V

U.S. Geological Survey
U.S. Department of the Interior 

DIRK KEMPTHORNE, Secretary 

U.S. Geological Survey 

Mark D. Myers, Director 

U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia 2007 

For product and ordering information: 

World Wide Web: http://www.usgs.gov/pubprod 

Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS 

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its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment: 

World Wide Web: http://www.usgs.gov 

Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS 

Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and 

does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. 

Although this report is in the public domain, permission must be secured from the individual 

copyright owners to reproduce any copyrighted material contained within this report. 
iii

Contents 

Contents....................................................................................................................................... iii

Abstract.........................................................................................................................................1

Introduction ...................................................................................................................................1

Project Goals and Objectives.....................................................................................................2

Scope of Study...........................................................................................................................2

Acknowledgements .......................................................................................................................2 

Methods ........................................................................................................................................4

Sampling Strategy......................................................................................................................4

Physiographic Parameters ......................................................................................................4

Water Samples........................................................................................................................5

Biological Samples..................................................................................................................5

Sampling and Results ................................................................................................................6

Accomplishments ....................................................................................................................6

References Cited ..........................................................................................................................7

Figures 

Figure 1. Map showing sampling sites visited in 2004 and in 2005.............................................3 

Tables 

Table 1a. Discharge, wetted perimeter, elevation, temperature, pH, and specific conductance for 

2004 

 sample sites ................................................................................................................................9

Table 1b. Sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, cadmium, copper, zinc, sulfate, nitrate, 

alkalinity, 

and dissolved organic carbon for 2004 samples. ........................................................................12 

Table 2. Sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, cadmium, copper, and zinc concentrations in 

2004 

invertebrate samples...................................................................................................................15 

Table 3a. Discharge, wetted perimeter, elevation, temperature, pH, and specific conductance for 

2005 

sample sites ................................................................................................................................24 

Table 3b. Sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, cadmium, copper, zinc, sulfate, nitrate, 

alkalinity, 

 and dissolved organic carbon for 2005 samples ........................................................................26 

Table 4. Sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, cadmium, copper, and zinc concentrations in 

2005 

invertebrate samples...................................................................................................................29 
Conversion Factors 

Inch/Pound to SI 

Multiply By To obtain

Length 

foot (ft) 0.3048 meter (m) 

Volume

gallon (gal) 3.785 liter (L) 

cubic foot (ft3) 28.32 liter (L) 

Flow rate 

cubic foot per second (ft

3

/s) 28.32 liter per second (L/s) 

gallon per minute (gal/min) 0.06309 liter per second (L/s) 

Mass 

ounce avoirdupois (oz) 28.35 gram (g) 

pound avoirdupois (lb) 0.4536 kilogram (kg)

Temperature in degrees Celsius (°C) may be converted to degrees Fahrenheit (°F) as follows: 

°F=(1.8×°C)+32 

Temperature in degrees Fahrenheit (°F) may be converted to degrees Celsius (°C) as follows: 

°C=(°F-32)/1.8

Altitude, as used in this report, refers to distance above the vertical datum. 

Specific conductance is given in microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius (μS/cm at 25°C). 

Concentrations of chemical constituents in water are given either in milligrams per liter (mg/L) or micrograms per 

liter (μg/L). 

SI to Inch/Pound 

Multiply By To obtain

Length 

meter (m) 3.281 foot (ft) 

Volume

liter (L) 0.2642 gallon (gal) 

liter (L) 0.03531 cubic foot (ft3) 

Flow rate 

liter per second (L/s) 0.03531 cubic foot per second (ft3/s) 

liter per second (L/s) 15.85 gallon per minute (gal/min) 

Mass 

gram (g) 0.03527 ounce avoirdupois (oz) 

kilogram (kg) 2.205 pound avoirdupois (lb)

iv
Selected Field Parameters from Streams and 

Analytical Data from Water and Macroinvertebrate 

Samples, Central Colorado Assessment Project, 

Environmental Assessment Task, 2004 and 2005 

By David L. Fey, Stanley E. Church, Travis S. Schmidt1, Richard B. Wanty, Philip L. 

Verplanck, Paul J. Lamothe, Monique Adams, and Michael W. Anthony 

Abstract 

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Central Colorado Assessment Project (CCAP) began in 

October 2003 and is planned to last through September 2008. One major goal of this project is to 

compare the relationships between surface-water chemistry and aquatic fauna in mined and 

unmined areas. To accomplish this goal, we are conducting a State-scale reconnaissance sampling 

program, in which we are collecting water and macroinvertebrate samples. Selected results from

the first two years of project analyses are reported here. We plan to develop statistical models and 

use geographic information system (GIS) technology to quantify the relationships between 

ecological indicators of metal contamination in Rocky Mountain streams and water quality, 

landscape and land-use characteristics (for example, mine density, geology, geomorphology, 

vegetation, topography). Our research will test the hypothesis that physicochemical variables and 

ecological responses to metal concentrations in stream water in Rocky Mountain streams are 

ultimately determined largely by historical land uses. 

Introduction 

Ecological processes in streams may be measured at spatial scales ranging from individual 

substrate particles to entire landscapes. Whereas ecologists generally acknowledge the importance 

of landscape and land-use characteristics (for example, geology, topography, and vegetation) on the 

structure and function of ecosystems, the traditional research focus in stream ecology has been on 

small-scale studies conducted within a single watershed. To quantify the influence of landscape 

characteristics on ecological responses to historical mining, an understanding of the complex 

interplay among hydrological, geomorphologic, and habitat characteristics within a large 

geographic region is required. Although numerous studies have reported variation in effects of 

dissolved metals in water and sediment among watersheds affected by historical mining (for 

example, Church and others, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1997, 2000, 2004, 2006; Buxton and others, 1997; 

Farag and others, in press; Finger and others, 2004; Besser and others, 2006; and Kimball and 

others, 2002, 2004, 2006), there have been no attempts to identify landscape characteristics 

responsible for this variation or to quantify their effects on benthic communities. 

 1

 Travis S. Schmidt is a doctoral candidate, Department of Fishery and Wildlife Biology, Colorado State University, 

Fort Collins, Colo., 80523-1474. 

1
Project Goals and Objectives 

The overall objective of the study is to provide the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) 

Forest Service and other land-management agencies and government entities with geologic, energy, 

mineral resource, and hazards information to update their ten-year forest-management plans. As a 

part of this research, we are conducting studies of selected watersheds affected by historical mining 

to evaluate the environmental effects of past resource development. One of the project goals is to 

determine the geochemical baseline concentrations in both water and sediment from unimpaired 

watersheds, watersheds containing hydrothermally altered but unmined rock, and watersheds 

containing hydrothermally altered rock in which there has been historical mining activity. We will 

compare baselines observed in watersheds draining the major geologic units found throughout the 

Colorado Mineral Belt (CMB) with baselines observed in parallel studies of watersheds outside the 

CMB with similar geologic characteristics . 

One product of this project will be a geochemical map of central Colorado showing (1) 

streams unimpaired as well as those detrimentally affected by metals and acidification, (2) stream 

rankings in the watersheds in terms of their overall impact on the environment, and (3) the 

likelihood of cost-effective restoration of affected streams based upon the evaluation of the effects 

of historical mining locally in the watershed. This report presents the results of analyses of water 

and macroinvertebrate samples collected in the first two years (2004 and 2005) of the study. 

Scope of Study

The USGS is in year three of a five-year study of central Colorado. The area of study 

includes all of Arapahoe, Roosevelt, Pike, and San Isabel National Forests, portions of the White 

River and Rio Grande National Forests, and other public lands that are included within the area of 

these forests (that is, Bureau of Land Management (BLM) and National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) 

land). The project is known as the Central Colorado Assessment Project CCAP 

(http://minerals.cr.usgs.gov/projects/colorado_assessment). Sites where sampling was 

completed in 2004 and 2005 are shown in figure 1. 

Acknowledgments

The following people assisted us in the collection of samples in the field or in the 

preparation of samples in the laboratory: Luke McEachron, Adam Thompson, Alicia Louie, Caitlin 

Balch-Burnett, Dan Scott, David Schnake, David Shaffer, Jamie Brennan, Jamie Thayer, Joe 

Connery, Mike Hill, Pete Cadmus, Sage Betts, Sarah Russell, Sigrid Gustafson, Therese Tepe, and 

Will Clements. Katharine Mitchell prepared the digestions of the macroinvertebrate samples and 

assisted in their identification. 

2
Figure 1. Map showing CCAP study area location, boundary, and sampling sites used for collections 

in 2004 and in 2005. The Colorado Mineral Belt runs diagonally through the study area (shown 

in broken line, location uncertain on west side). 

3
Methods 

Sampling Strategy

Sampling was conducted within and surrounding the eastern half of the Colorado Mineral 

Belt. Bedrock geologic mapping provided by other USGS personnel on the CCAP have been used 

to determine suitable areas for examining water quality from unimpaired stream reaches to 

establish geochemical baselines. Mapping of hydrothermal alteration, based on remote sensing 

data obtained from Airborne Visible/InfraRed Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS; 

http://aviris.jpl.nasa.gov/html/aviris.task.html) and Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and 

Reflection Radiometer (ASTER; http://asterweb.jpl.nasa.gov) data, was used to identify watersheds 

in which altered bedrock is present but mineral production was minimal. We also accessed the 

USGS Mineral Resources Data System (MRDS), which catalogs historical mining activity and 

production in the study area. (The current MRDS (http://tin.er.usgs.gov/mrds/) includes the former 

MAS (Mineral Availability System) and MILS (Mineral Industry Locator System)). Water quality 

and sediment geochemistry will be used to characterize watersheds with naturally high metal 

background concentrations. Areas that contain hydrothermal alteration will be visited by economic

geologists and geochemists on other CCAP tasks to determine the type and extent of hydrothermal 

alteration. In areas where historical mining has occurred, previous work by economic geologists 

will be used to evaluate the extent of workings, type of mineralization, and extent of impacted 

areas. These data will be used to determine geochemical baseline conditions allowing the land 

management agencies to determine what the premining fish productivity of the stream might have 

been in impacted stream reaches. 

Geographic information systems (GIS) were used to target sites based on geology, 

topography, and dominant land use and vegetation. ArcGIS 8.3 and ArcHydro 1.2 were used for all 

GIS modeling and for development of reach- and basin-level habitat parameters. Targeting 

watersheds on the basis of GIS information will ensure that a diverse regime of stream water 

chemistries and habitats are sampled. Sampling occurred during base flow from July through 

September in the summers of 2004 and 2005. Approximately half of these watersheds were also 

sampled for macroinvertebrates. 

We used geologic maps at the 1:250,000 scale, which include predominate geology, mineral 

district and deposit locations, and new remote sensing AVIRIS and ASTER data descriptive of 

mineralized and hydrothermally altered rocks to help plan our sampling strategy. Small basins 

predominantly underlain by a singular geologic unit were targeted and categorized. Categories 

include basins that are mineralized or not mineralized, and then historically mined, actively mined, 

or unmined. The Colorado Vegetation Model (30 x 30 m resolution (Theobald and others 2003) 

was used to determine dominant vegetation type and to test previous results that suggest that this 

variable is a good predictor of dissolved organic matter (DOM) concentration (Prusha and others, 

2004). Topographic parameters were developed from the Digital Elevation Models, with 30 x 30 m

resolution, for hydrologic modeling and to provide data on basin- and reach- scale habitat. 

Physiographic Parameters

Stream discharge was measured at each sample site using USGS protocols across the stream

channel at 15–25 stations depending upon stream width (Rantz and others, 1982a). Discharge (L/s) 

was calculated using the continuity equation (Rantz and others, 1982b). To complete an estimate 

of local habitat, wetted perimeter (the linear measure of how much stream bottom is contacted by 

4
water at the discharge sampling point), stream power and resistance were calculated and 

densiometer readings of canopy cover were collected from each point where a Hess sample was 

collected. 

Water Samples 

Samples were collected using methods described in Wilde and others (1998) to meet the 

requirements of the biotic ligand model (HydroQual, 2003). Routine water quality parameters 

(temperature, conductivity, and pH) were measured in the field using methods described in Wilde 

and others (1998). All water samples processed in the laboratory were filtered through a 0.45-μm 

cellulose nitrate filter at the site and stored at 4°C until analyzed. Water samples for dissolved 

organic carbon (DOC) were filtered through a 0.70-μm glass-fiber filter, acidified with 

concentrated hydrochloric acid, and stored in baked amber glass bottles. A Shimadzu TOC-5000A 

total organic carbon analyzer was used to measure DOC. Dissolved trace-metal samples were 

acidified with distilled nitric acid to a pH of <2 and stored in polyethylene bottles. Samples for 

anions were collected and stored in polyethylene bottles. Major cation (Na

+

, K+, Mg2+, and Ca2+) 

concentrations were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICPAES) (Briggs, 2002), whereas trace-metal concentrations (Cu, Cd, and Zn) were analyzed by 

inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) (Lamothe and others, 2002). Major 

anions (Cl-

, F-, NO3

-

, SO4

2-) were measured by ion chromatography at the analytical laboratories at 

the USGS Geological Discipline Laboratory, Denver, Colorado (Theodorakos and others, 2002). 

High concentrations of SO4

2- (>25 mg/L) were determined using ICP-AES. Alkalinity was 

determined by titration (Theodorakos, 2002). 

Biological Samples 

Replicate benthic macroinvertebrate samples (n=5) were collected from each site using a 

0.1-m2

 Hess sampler (350-μm mesh net) from shallow riffle areas (<0.5 m). The Hess sampler was 

placed on the stream bottom and the substrate was disturbed to a depth of approximately 10 cm. 

Materials retained in the collection net were sieved using a 350-μm mesh sieve in the field and 

organisms were preserved in 80 percent ethanol. In the laboratory, samples were sorted and 

organisms were identified to the lowest practical taxonomic level (genus or species for most taxa; 

subfamily for chironomids) (Merritt and Cummings, 1996; Ward and others, 2002). 

To estimate concentrations of potentially toxic metals in the benthic macroinvertebrate 

community, speciments of Arctopsyche grandis (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae), Drunella sp. 

(Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae), and Rhithrogena sp. (Ephemeroptera: Heptageniidae) were 

collected at each site. These three taxa are widely distributed aquatic insects in many Rocky 

Mountain streams. Ten individuals were collected from riffle habitats from each site by removing 

them from stream substrate by hand. Organisms were placed in 50-mL vials and stored in coolers 

for 24–48 hrs to allow for depuration to clear gut contents. In the laboratory, organisms were 

removed from the 50-mL vial, and placed into an acid-washed 15-mL vial containing 5 mL of 0.01 

molar Ethylenediamminetetraacetic Acid (EDTA) solution for one minute, transferred to another 

acid washed 15-mL vial, dried to a constant weight at 50o

C, cooled to room temperature, and 

weighed to the nearest 0.1 mg. Individual aquatic insects were digested in closed vessels in a 10:1 

mixture of ultra pure HNO3 and H2O2. These digested samples were analyzed using ICP-MS 

(Briggs and Meier, 2002) to determine metal content of the individual invertebrates. 

5
Sampling and Results 

Accomplishments 

Field sampling was completed at 97 watershed sites in the summer of 2004 and at 100 sites 

in the summer of 2005. About 20 percent of the 2005 sites were resampled 2004 sites. These were 

resampled in order to evaluate annual variation between sites. We collected sediment, water, stream 

characteristics data, and discharge measurements at all the sites and our collaborators at Colorado 

State University collected macroinvertebrates at 93 sites. The mean values of the five replicate 

benthic samples were used to calculate benthic macroinvertebrate community metrics in the 

Invertebrate Data Analysis System (IDAS) version 3.9.5 (Cuffney, 2003), and statistical analysis 

was undertaken to evaluate the presence of metal-tolerant species in watersheds affected by 

historical mining activities. Analytical results have been completed for all samples from sites 

collected in 2004 and 2005. Selected results from analyses of 2004 water and macroinvertebrate 

are reported in tables 1b and 2, and in tables 3b and 4 for 2005 samples. Field parameters for 2004 

sample sites are in table 1a and for 2005 sample sites are in table 3a. 

6
References Cited 

Besser, J.M., Finger, S.E., and Church, S.E., in press, Impacts of historical mining on aquatic ecosystems—

An ecological risk assessment, in Church, S.E., von Guerard, Paul, and Finger, S.E., eds., Integrated 

investigations of environmental effects of historical mining in the Animas River watershed, San Juan 

County, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1651, p. 87–106. 

Briggs, P.H., 2002, The determination of twenty-seven elements in aqueous samples by inductively coupled 

plasma-atomic emission spectrometry: in Taggart, J.E., ed., Analytical methods for chemical analysis of 

geologic and other materials: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 02-223, 11 p. 

Briggs, P.H., and Meier, A.L., 2002 The determination of forty-two elements in geological materials by

inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry: in Taggart, J.E., ed., Analytical methods for chemical 

analysis of geologic and other materials, U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 02-223, 14 p. 

Buxton, H.T., Nimick, D.A., von Guerard, Paul, Church, S.E., Frazier, Ann, Gray, J.R., Lipin, B.R., Marsh, 

S.P., Woodward, Daniel, Kimball, Briant, Finger, Susan, Ischinger, Lee, Fordham, J.C., Power, M.S., 

Bunck, Christine, and Jones, J.W., 1997, A science-based, watershed strategy to support effective 

remediation of abandoned mine lands, in Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Acid 

Rock Drainage, Vancouver, B.C., May 31 - June 6, 1997: Lakewood, Colo., Society of Mining Engineers, 

p. 1869–1880.

Church, S.E., Holmes, C.W., Briggs, P.H., Vaughn, R.B., Cathcart, James, and Marot, Margaret, 1993, 

Geochemical and lead-isotope data from stream and lake sediments, and cores from the upper Arkansas 

River drainage—Effects of mining at Leadville Colorado on heavy-metal concentrations in the Arkansas 

River: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-534, 61 p. 

Church, S.E., Wilson, S.A., Vaughn, R.B., and Fey, D.L., 1994, Geochemical and lead-isotopic studies of 

river and lake sediments, upper Arkansas River drainage basin, Twin Lakes to Pueblo Reservoir, 

Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-412, 40 p.

Church, S.E., Wilson, S.A., and Briggs, P.H., 1995, Geochemical and lead-isotopic studies of stream and 

river sediments, Alamosa River basin, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-250, 71 p.

Church, S.E., Kimball, B.A., Fey, D.L., Ferderer, D.A., Yager, T.J., and Vaughn, R.B., 1997, Source, 

transport and partitioning of metals between water, colloids, and bed sediments of the Animas River, 

Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-151, 135 p. 

http://rmmcweb.cr.usgs.gov/~rta/Church/index.shtml. 

Church, S.E., Fey, D.L., and Unruh, D.M., 2000, Geochemical and lead-isotopic studies of river sediment 

from major tributaries, upper Arkansas River watershed, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File 

Report 00-337, 21 p. 

Church, S.E., Unruh, D.M., Fey, D.L., and Sole, T.C., 2004, Trace elements and lead isotopes in streambed 

sediment in streams affected by historical mining, in Nimick, D.A., Church, S.E., and Finger, S.E., eds., 

Integrated investigations of environmental effects of historical mining in the Basin and Boulder mining 

districts, Boulder River watershed, Jefferson County, Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Professional 

Paper 1652, p. 279–336. 

Church, S.E., Fey, D.L., and Unruh, D.M, in press, Trace elements and lead isotopes in modern streambed 

and terrace sediment—Determination of current and premining geochemical baselines, in Church, S.E., 

von Guerard, Paul, and Finger, S.E., eds., Integrated investigations of environmental effects of historical 

mining in the Animas River watershed, San Juan County, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Professional 

Paper 1651, p. 571–642. 

Cuffney, T.F., 2003, Users’s manual for the National Water-Quality Assessment Program Invertebrate Data 

Analysis System (IDAS) software–Version 3: U.S. Geological Survey Open File Report 03-172, 103 p., 

http://nc.water.usgs.gov/reports/ofr03172/

7
Farag, A.M., Kimball, B.A., Nimick, D.A., Church, S.E., and Brumbaugh, W.G., Concentrations of metals 

in water, sediment, biofilm, and benthic macroinvertebrates in the Boulder River watershed, Montana and 

the role of colloids in metal uptake: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. 

Finger, S.E., Farag, A.M., Nimick, D.A., Church, S.E., and Sole, T.C., 2004, Synthesis of water, sediment, 

and biological data using hazard quotients to assess ecosystem health, in Nimick, D.A., Church, S.E., and 

Finger, S.E., eds., Integrated investigations of environmental effects of historical mining in the Basin and 

Boulder mining districts, Boulder River watershed, Jefferson County, Montana: U.S. Geological Survey

Professional Paper 1652, p. 29–48. 

HydroQual, 2003, Biotic Ligand Model Windows interface user’s guide and reference manual, Version 

2.0.2: Mahwah, N.J., HydroQual. 

Kimball, B.A., Runkel, R.L., Walton-Day, K., and Bencala, K.E., 2002, Assessment of metal loads in 

watersheds affected by acid mine drainage by using tracer injection and synoptic sampling—Cement 

Creek, Colorado, U.S.A.: Applied Geochemistry, v. 17, p. 1183–1207. 

Kimball, B.A., Runkel, R.L., Cleasby, T.E., and Nimick, D.A., 2004, Quantification of metal loading by 

tracer injection and synoptic sampling, 1997–1998, in Nimick, D.A., Church, S.E., and Finger, S.E., eds., 

Integrated investigations of environmental effects of historical mining in the Basin and Boulder mining 

districts, Boulder River watershed, Jefferson County, Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Professional 

Paper 1652, p. 191–263. 

Kimball, B.A., Walton-Day, Katherine, and Runkel, R.L., in press, Quantification of metal loading by tracer 

injection and synoptic sampling, 1996–2000, in Church, S.E., von Guerard, Paul, and Finger S.E., eds., 

Integrated investigations of environmental effects of historical mining in the Animas River watershed, San 

Juan County, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1651, p. 417–495. 

Lamothe, P.J., Meier, A.L., and Wilson, S.A., 2002, The determination of forty elements in aqueous samples 

by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, in Taggart, J.E., ed. Analytical methods for chemical 

analysis of geologic and other materials: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 02-223, 13 p. 

Merritt R.W., and Cummings K.W., 1996, An introduction to the aquatic insects of North America (3d ed.) 

Dubuque, Iowa, Kendall and Hunt Publishing Company. 

Prusha, B.A., and Clements, W.H., 2004, Landscape attributes, dissolved organic carbon, and metal 

bioaccumulation in aquatic macroinvertebrateas (Arkansas River Basin, Colorado): Journal of the North 

American Benthological Society v. 23, no. 2, p. 327–339. 

Rantz, S.E., and others, 1982a, Measurement and computation of streamflow, v. 1—Measurement of stage

and discharge: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2175, p. 1–284. 

Rantz, S.E., and others, 1982b, Measurement and computation of streamflow, v. 2—Computation of 

discharge: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2175, p. 285–631. 

Theobald, D.M., Peterson, N., and Romme, W., 2003, The Colorado Vegetation Model: Using 

national land cover data and ancillary spatial data to produce a high resolution, fine-classification 

map of Colorado (v1.0): Colorado State University, Natural Resource Ecology Lab, 

http://www.ndis.nrel.colostate.edu/davet/cvm.htm, April 29, 2006. 

Theodorakos, P.M., d’Angelo, W.M., and Ficklin, W.H., 2002, Fluoride, chloride, nitrate, and sulfate in 

aqueous solution utilizing AutoSupression chemically suppressed ion chromatography: in Taggart, J.E., 

ed., Analytical methods for chemical analysis of geologic and other materials, U.S. Geological Survey

Open-File Report 02-223, 7 p. 

Theodorakos, P.M., 2002, Determination of total alkalinity using a preset endpoint (pH 4.5) autotitration 

system: in Taggart, J.E., ed., Analytical methods for chemical analysis of geologic and other materials, 

U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 02-223, 3 p. 

Ward, J.D., Kondratieff, B.C., Zuellig, R.E., 2002. An illustrated guide to the mountain stream insects of 

Colorado, (2d ed.): Boulder Colo., University Press of Colorado. 

Wilde, F.D., Radtke, D.B., Gibs, J., and Iwatsubo, R.T., 1998, Field measurements, in Wilde, F.D., Radtke,

D.B., Gibs, J., and Iwatsubo, R.T., eds., National field manual for the collection of water-quality 

data: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water Resources Investigations, Book 9. 

8
Table 1a. Discharge, wetted perimeter, elevation, temperature, pH, and specific conductance for 2004 sample sites. A 

blank space means parameter was not measured or calculated for that site. 

Field 

number 

Discharge 

(L/s) 

Wetted 

Perimeter 

(m) 

Elevation 

(m) 

Temperature

(

o

C) pH

Specific 

Conductance 

(μS/cm) 

04CO101 305 13.3 3,210 10.9 6.50 27

04CO102 75 8.4 3,270 11.0 6.40 28

04CO103 144 7.3 3,270 8.9 7.14 65

04CO104 110 9.4 3,360 9.1 3.45 227

04CO105 127 4.9 3,330 11.0 6.80 63

04CO106 122 11.4 3,210 13.2 6.92 122

04CO107 260 10.8 3,320 8.9 6.62 153

04CO108 419 13.5 3,050 10.8 4.54 217

04CO109 202 10 3,220 8.9 6.99 112

04CO110 164 8.6 3,040 7.6 6.80 95

04CO111 234 11.4 3,160 7.8 6.72 113

04CO112 128 7.7 3,350 9.0 6.40 57

04CO113 269 11.6 2,740 8.5 6.70 65

04CO114 173 10.3 2,740 10.9 6.72 32

04CO115 234 13 2,450 11.5 8.40 275

04CO116 268 9.2 3,300 8.0 7.29 82

04CO117 266 15.2 3,300 9.0 6.89 47

04CO118 112 6.6 3,190 10.2 7.20 94

04CO119 176 7.3 3,380 7.9 7.18 135

04CO120 148 10.9 3,330 12.6 7.44 89

04CO121 97 8.1 3,330 12.7 4.66 195

04CO122 294 12.4 3,330 12.7 6.04 124

04CO123 485 16.9 3,060 9.8 6.73 92

04CO124 379 11 3,130 10.6 6.92 66

04CO125 48 5.8 2,330 9.8 8.53 259

04CO126 107 14 2,350 9.4 8.47 210

04CO127 75 6.3 2,680 9.6 8.62 551

04CO128 271 15.5 2,990 8.4 7.95 110

04CO129 436 16.5 2,940 9.6 8.32 135

04CO130 265 15.6 2,900 11.3 7.42 44

04CO131 114 8.4 2,990 11.3 7.13 33

04CO132 38 4.8 2,890 12.7 7.41 57

04CO133 424 14.2 3,040 9.3 6.95 32

04CO134 419 19.5 3,030 10.5 7.12 45

04CO136 3,000 7.4 7.50 55 

04CO142 69 7.5 3,340 8.6 7.46 34

04CO150 83 10.3 2,750 10.8 6.72 34

04CO160 26 2,290 10.6 7.86 125

04CO161 166 11.3 2,420 7.6 7.10 39

04CO162 3.9 2,240 11.1 8.03 210

04CO163 5.9 2,270 13.6 7.36 76

04CO165 23 6.6 3,330 7.5 3.75 390

9
Table 1a. Continued. Discharge, wetted perimeter, elevation, temperature, pH, and specific conductance for 2004 

sample sites. A blank space means parameter was not measured or calculated for that site. 

Field 

number 

Discharge 

(L/s) 

Wetted 

Perimeter 

(m) 

Elevation 

(m) 

Temperature

(

o

C) pH

Specific 

Conductance 

(μS/cm) 

04CO166 55 16 3,330 9.3 5.59 174

04CO167 57 4.5 3,200 10.7 7.17 181

04CO168 74 6.6 3,260 12.5 4.44 349

04CO169 144 16.6 3,180 11.0 4.86 240

04CO170 11 3.6 3,180 8.2 2.85 2180

04CO171 196 23.1 3,170 5.4 3.70 443

04CO173 62 6.5 3,050 6.9 7.97 100

04CO174 155 25.4 3,200 10.0 7.02 116

04CO175 272 25.6 3,180 9.9 7.62 155

04CO176 180 12.4 3,120 8.1 7.98 94

04CO177 121 8.5 3,120 6.0 7.63 125

04CO205 391 28.1 2,730 8.5 7.60 38

04CO206 242 30.8 2,730 11.6 7.47 57

04CO207 191 15.5 2,700 8.0 7.74 73

04CO208 222 12.3 2,580 10.6 7.66 71

04CO209 0.5 2,530 11.0 7.33 88

04CO210 188 19.6 2,220 10.6 7.20 44

04CO211 902 32.3 2,350 11.7 7.12 36

04CO212 93 15.6 2,790 5.4 8.00 241

04CO213 73 5.4 2,760 6.1 7.93 210

04CO214 115 6.4 2,460 10.2 8.08 250

04CO215 423 17.5 2,440 15.8 7.17 49

04CO216 27 35.3 2,960 9.6 7.88 128

04CO217 42 8.5 2,960 9.4 7.80 148

04CO218 16 2,370 14.0 7.97 127

04CO219 33 14.3 2,410 13.8 8.21 200

04CO220 160 8.8 2,260 14.0 7.73 70

04CO221 118 15.5 2,820 11.5 7.64 41

04CO222 4.8 4.9 2,840 10.5 8.50 197

04CO223 36 9.4 2,810 9.3 8.18 91

04CO224 18 7.9 2,500 11.0 8.41 183

04CO225 84 2,540 11.0 8.37 103

04CO226 73 15.1 2,600 8.8 8.08 74

04CO227 36 9.1 3,270 6.0 7.87 81

04CO228 39 7.7 3,360 6.4 3.52 253

04CO229 47 7.4 2,850 8.4 7.29 80

04CO230 16 4.1 3,100 6.4 7.59 48

04CO232 6.2 3.7 3,340 6.8 7.55 82

04CO233 51 8.3 3,100 10.9 7.59 49

04CO234 33 7.2 3,000 5.4 3.49 513

10
Table 1a. Continued. Discharge, wetted perimeter, elevation, temperature, pH, and specific conductance for 2004 

sample sites. A blank space means parameter was not measured or calculated for that site. 

Field 

number 

Discharge 

(L/s) 

Wetted 

Perimeter 

(m) 

Elevation 

(m) 

Temperature

(

o

C) pH

Specific 

Conductance 

(μS/cm) 

04CO235 34 7.4 3,140 6.8 7.37 90

04CO236 2.5 3,120 6.3 7.62 71

04CO237 18 3.5 3,410 13.5 7.63 95

04CO238 17 7.5 3,410 13.5 7.65 95

04CO239 2 2.4 3,190 7.5 7.74 53

04CO240 69 3,090 10.2 7.12 52

11
Table 1b. Sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, cadmium, copper, zinc, sulfate, nitrate, alkalinity and dissolved 

organic carbon for filtered water samples from 2004 sample sites. A blank space means parameter was not measured 

for that site. 

Field 

Number 

Na 

mg/L 

K 

mg/L 

Mg 

mg/L 

Ca 

mg/L

Cd 

μg/L 

Cu 

μg/L 

Zn 

μg/L 

SO4

-

mg/L 

NO3

-

mg/L 

Alkalinity 

mg/L 

CaCO3

DOC 

mg/L

04CO101 0.60 0.34 0.58 3.2 0.03 0.84 10 3.4 <0.08 9.1 1.5

04CO102 0.48 0.20 0.44 3.7 0.03 <0.5 8.2 2.4 0.17 11.3 1.1

04CO103 0.76 0.38 2.3 8.0 <0.02 <0.5 1.9 4.2 0.46 26.1 1.2

04CO104 1.9 0.67 4.6 8.7 0.92 14 220 60 <0.08 0.0 0.94

04CO105 0.54 0.38 1.5 8.8 <0.02 <0.5 1.4 5.8 <0.08 24.1 0.63

04CO106 1.0 0.80 2.7 17 0.37 0.74 140 24 <0.08 26.1 1.7

04CO107 1.0 0.54 4.5 15 0.77 1.3 160 40 0.90 4.8 0.51

04CO108 1.6 0.78 6.0 19 7.9 78 1940 75 0.60 0.12 0.47

04CO109 3.9 0.73 2.4 12 <0.02 <0.5 5.9 14 1.8 25.3 1.2

04CO110 1.1 0.91 3.0 12 0.04 0.51 9.8 11 0.60 33.8 0.83

04CO111 0.94 0.54 1.3 17 0.02 <0.5 2.4 21 0.60 29.8 0.68

04CO112 0.23 0.42 1.1 6.9 0.03 <0.5 6.1 11 0.50 17.5 0.66

04CO113 0.81 0.36 2.0 8.7 <0.02 <0.5 2.3 2.6 0.13 29.4 1.4

04CO114 0.55 0.32 0.81 4.0 <0.02 <0.5 1.0 0.66 0.19 14.2 1.5

04CO115 1.2 0.77 10 37 <0.02 <0.5 1.5 26 0.26 128 0.97

04CO116 0.75 0.90 2.2 9.8 <0.02 <0.5 0.8 7.6 1.0 30.4 0.65

04CO117 0.45 0.21 1.4 5.3 <0.02 <0.5 2.3 4.5 0.35 12 1.1

04CO118 1.5 0.61 2.2 13 <0.02 <0.5 1.2 7.6 <0.08 37 0.71

04CO119 0.72 0.30 3.9 15 1.7 7.0 328 35 0.60 15.70 0.46

04CO120 0.85 0.43 1.6 13 <0.02 0.5 3.6 12 <0.08 29.2 1.2

04CO121 1.1 0.49 2.5 18 0.40 137 42.8 70 0.27 0.0 0.51

04CO122 0.93 0.47 2.0 16 0.18 32 19 36 0.20 6.90 0.44

04CO123 1.0 0.32 1.1 13 1.6 1.1 490 19 <0.08 20.8 2.2

04CO124 1.2 0.69 1.0 9.3 <0.02 1.0 1.1 5.1 0.12 26 2.7

04CO125 2.6 0.70 16 29 <0.02 <0.5 1.2 28 <0.08 108 0.88

04CO126 0.88 0.98 9.7 28 <0.02 <0.5 1.0 7.0 0.27 103 0.74

04CO127 1.2 1.1 38 62 <0.02 <0.5 2.4 99 <0.08 192 1.0

04CO128 1.2 0.42 1.7 16 0.02 6.8 2.8 19 <0.08 29.3 1.3

04CO129 1.3 0.41 3.0 19 0.14 4.9 31 21 <0.08 41.8 1.2

04CO130 1.6 1.1 0.51 5.2 <0.02 <0.5 5.8 4.8 0.80 9.9 1.4

04CO131 1.5 0.58 0.34 3.1 <0.02 <0.5 2.8 2.9 1.0 7.4 1.6

04CO132 2.8 1.0 1.4 5.6 <0.02 0.78 1.5 6.0 <0.08 22.4 6.3

04CO133 2.1 0.36 0.69 3.0 <0.02 0.55 2.0 4.3 <0.08 10.9 7.8

04CO134 2.6 0.48 1.0 3.9 <0.02 0.64 3.4 3.7 <0.08 15.8 9.0

04CO136 2.2 0.50 0.52 7.6 <0.02 <0.5 <0.5 2.6 <0.08 21.4

04CO142 1.2 0.71 1.8 5.4 <0.02 <0.5 <0.5 3.1 <0.08 17.3

04CO150 1.4 0.28 1.1 3.6 <0.02 <0.5 1.6 2.0 <0.08 16.3 2.3

04CO160 5.0 1.2 3.1 15 <0.02 <0.5 1.2 8.2 <0.08 43.6 1.6

04CO161 2.1 0.65 0.47 4.2 <0.02 <0.5 0.7 3.7 0.40 9.6 2.1

04CO162 7.4 1.4 5.7 25 <0.02 <0.5 0.8 10 <0.08 82.4 1.3

04CO163 4.4 0.68 1.6 8.9 <0.02 <0.5 2.9 6.0 <0.08 22.7 2.3

12
Table 1b. Continued. Sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, cadmium, copper, zinc, sulfate, nitrate, alkalinity and 

dissolved organic carbon for filtered water samples from 2004 sample sites. A blank space means parameter was not

measured for that site. 

Field 

Number 

Na 

mg/L 

K 

mg/L 

Mg 

mg/L 

Ca 

mg/L

Cd 

μg/L 

Cu 

μg/L 

Zn 

μg/L 

SO4

-

mg/L 

NO3

-

mg/L 

Alkalinity 

mg/L 

CaCO3

DOC 

mg/L

04CO169 1.5 0.80 6.2 25 0.56 424 115 100 0.70 0.0 0.41

04CO170 3.1 1.1 37 52 8.5 5570 992 1280 <0.08 0.0 0.96

04CO171 1.4 0.69 7.3 22 1.0 688 180 167 0.86 0.0 0.34

04CO173 0.94 0.63 2.5 14 <0.02 <0.5 0.60 9.2 0.90 35.2 0.48

04CO174 1.1 0.62 1.8 19 <0.02 <0.5 1.9 22 0.50 27.8 0.77

04CO175 1.6 0.80 1.6 24 0.13 1.4 14.6 49 0.57 18.2 0.76

04CO176 1.22 0.50 3.5 10 <0.02 <0.5 0.70 9.0 1.1 22.4 0.53

04CO177 1.1 0.84 5.2 16 <0.02 <0.5 0.80 11 1.5 48.0 0.47

04CO205 1.4 0.74 2.6 12 <0.02 <0.5 0.50 5.6 0.33 35.5 0.99

04CO206 1.7 0.87 2.1 9.0 <0.02 0.57 1.2 3.9 <0.08 28.5 2.2

04CO207 1.4 1.2 1.8 13 <0.02 <0.5 0.80 4.8 0.30 37.4 1.5

04CO208 1.6 1.3 1.9 14 <0.02 <0.5 1.6 5.7 <0.08 37.3 1.5

04CO209 9.2 1.2 3.0 12 <0.02 0.66 0.50 2.4 <0.08 51.3 5.6

04CO210 2.9 0.70 0.88 5.6 <0.02 <0.5 1.2 4.0 0.30 16.8 2.2

04CO211 2.6 0.73 0.83 5.2 <0.02 <0.5 0.80 3.8 0.31 13.7 4.2

04CO212 1.2 0.92 16 39 <0.02 <0.5 0.60 11 0.50 141 0.90

04CO213 1.6 0.77 7.6 45 <0.02 <0.5 0.90 5.3 0.32 124 1.1

04CO214 1.4 0.84 13.2 45 <0.02 <0.5 1.0 19 0.40 135 0.65

04CO215 0.82 0.40 1.5 7.6 <0.02 1.2 2.8 12 0.46 12.4 1.2

04CO216 1.3 0.93 9.0 23 <0.02 <0.5 1.5 12 <0.08 75.8 1.5

04CO217 1.4 0.90 9.0 23 <0.02 <0.5 0.60 12 <0.08 76.5 1.5

04CO218 5.8 3.3 2.5 21 <0.02 <0.5 1.1 17 9.5 37.4 2.6

04CO219 7.4 2.8 5.6 38 <0.02 <0.5 1.1 8.7 1.2 100 5.4

04CO220 3.8 1.4 1.4 11 <0.02 <0.5 2.3 7.6 1.9 23.8 3.0

04CO221 0.35 0.56 1.7 7.0 <0.02 <0.5 1.0 2.8 <0.08 21.1 2.2

04CO222 2.2 0.54 1.5 44 <0.02 <0.5 0.90 1.5 <0.08 121 3.9

04CO223 1.6 0.64 1.8 18 <0.02 <0.5 1.4 2.5 <0.08 53 1.4

04CO224 1.2 0.82 6.5 38 <0.02 <0.5 0.80 8.5 0.25 102 1.3

04CO225 0.80 0.56 3.8 20 <0.02 <0.5 1.2 3.6 0.34 58.8 0.84

04CO226 0.89 0.74 4.5 11 <0.02 <0.5 0.60 4.0 0.50 40.4 0.68

04CO227 0.87 0.52 2.6 14 <0.02 <0.5 2.8 13 0.61 32.2 1.5

04CO228 2.4 0.76 5.8 8.4 1.7 23 372 94 0.34 0.0 0.65

04CO229 1.8 0.79 3.0 13 <0.02 <0.5 2.4 4.6 <0.08 10.5 1.3

04CO230 1.4 0.67 2.1 6.6 <0.02 <0.5 0.80 3.1 0.50 25.7 0.81

04CO232 1.0 0.40 2.0 15 <0.02 <0.5 1.9 5.2 1.45 40.4 0.40

04CO233 1.9 0.52 1.5 8.8 <0.02 <0.5 1.5 8.5 <0.08 21.7 1.1

04CO234 4.3 2.0 7.8 9.8 1.0 208 152 199 0.20 0.0 0.62

04CO235 0.89 0.63 2.8 15 0.02 3.0 6.5 21 0.60 21.8 0.87

04CO236 0.69 0.89 2.5 12 <0.02 <0.5 3.0 7.2 0.90 32.9 0.58

04CO237 0.59 0.64 3.0 17 0.07 9.3 12.7 23 0.70 25.1 0.91

13
Table 1b. Continued. Sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, cadmium, copper, zinc, sulfate, nitrate, alkalinity and 

dissolved organic carbon for filtered water samples from 2004 sample sites. A blank space means parameter was not

measured for that site. 

Field 

Number 

Na 

mg/L 

K 

mg/L 

Mg 

mg/L 

Ca 

mg/L

Cd 

μg/L 

Cu 

μg/L 

Zn 

μg/L 

SO4

-

mg/L 

NO3

-

mg/L 

Alkalinity 

mg/L 

CaCO3

DOC 

mg/L

04CO238 0.55 0.57 2.8 16 0.07 9.4 13.1 22 0.70 25.1 0.97

04CO239 1.1 0.70 2.3 8.2 <0.02 <0.5 0.90 3.5 <0.08 29.5 0.77

04CO240 3.0 0.75 2.0 6.3 <0.02 0.57 <0.5 5.4 <0.08 23.2

14
Table 2. Sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, cadmium, copper, and zinc concentrations (dry weight) in 2004

invertebrate samples. 

 Sample No. 

Na 

percent 

K 

percent 

Mg 

μg/g

Ca 

μg/g

Cd 

μg/g

Cu 

μg/g

Zn 

μg/g

Blank 0.0 0.2 0.02 0.45 0.1 0.8 45

04CO101bug1 0.5 0.7 1,100 2,100 6.2 25 1,300

04CO101bug2 0.7 0.9 760 1,000 14 40 860

04CO101bug3 0.5 0.9 1,300 2,200 6.6 47 1,500

04CO101bug4 0.6 0.9 1,300 2,100 8.7 29 1,100

04CO101bug5 0.5 0.8 1,400 2,300 9.2 51 1,600

04CO101bug6 0.1 0.1 130 210 1.7 4.2 28

04CO101bug7 1.8 3.1 4,000 5,300 37 100 4,100

04CO101bug8 0.1 0.1 340 390 1.1 14 230

04CO101bug9 1.9 3.0 3,400 4,400 33 170 2,800

 

04CO102bug1 0.4 0.4 760 340 17 20 1,400

04CO102bug2 0.4 0.4 650 510 22 21 1,600

04CO102bug3 0.4 0.6 940 650 23 28 2,300

04CO102bug4 0.4 0.5 940 750 26 29 2,800

04CO102bug5 0.4 0.5 700 510 19 23 1,600

04CO102bug6 0.3 0.4 710 530 17 21 1,400

04CO102bug7 0.3 0.3 630 330 9.6 15 1,000

 

04CO103bug1 0.3 0.3 440 750 1.2 8.5 66

04CO103bug2 0.5 0.5 550 1,000 1.6 12 92

04CO103bug3 0.3 0.4 370 600 0.7 13 33

04CO103bug4 0.3 0.5 560 970 0.3 14 45

04CO103bug5 0.2 0.4 430 460 1.0 10 58

04CO103bug8 0.2 0.4 510 890 1.7 11 84

 

04CO105bug1 0.5 0.5 880 740 5.4 25 300

04CO105bug3 0.4 0.7 1,300 1,100 9.5 37 530

04CO105bug4 0.4 0.6 900 1,200 4.3 24 260

04CO105bug5 0.2 0.3 550 520 4.3 21 240

04CO105bug6 0.5 0.7 1,100 660 6.7 28 410

04CO105bug8 0.1 0.2 380 300 1.5 7.3 84

04CO105bug9 0.4 0.5 1,200 970 6.3 27 350

 

04CO107bug1 0.3 0.4 360 810 4.0 23 1,100

04CO107bug2 0.3 0.3 350 980 3.3 32 770

04CO107bug3 0.5 0.7 740 1,300 8.1 75 2,400

04CO107bug4 0.3 0.5 410 800 3.8 41 1,400

 

04CO109bug1 0.9 1.0 1,400 2,800 2.9 30 160

04CO109bug2 0.6 0.9 1,300 1,700 0.8 20 120

04CO109bug3 0.5 0.6 660 1,100 2.8 21 150

04CO109bug4 0.6 0.9 1,300 1,900 3.5 29 750

15
Table 2. Continued. Sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, cadmium, copper, and zinc concentrations (dry weight) 

in 2004 invertebrate samples. 

 

 Sample No. 

Na 

percent 

K 

percent 

Mg 

μg/g

Ca 

μg/g

Cd 

μg/g

Cu 

μg/g

Zn 

μg/g

04CO109bug5 0.6 0.8 1,300 2,000 1.4 22 130

04CO109bug6 0.3 0.7 990 1,400 1.8 18 520

04CO109bug7 0.6 0.8 1,100 1,400 1.9 25 540

04CO109bug8 0.7 0.7 680 1,000 1.7 23 120

04CO109bug9 0.5 0.9 1,300 2,100 4.3 25 920

 

04CO110bug1 0.4 0.4 720 390 20 48 1,400

04CO110bug2 0.3 0.5 1,100 780 16 31 1,100

04CO110bug3 0.3 0.7 1,600 1,000 26 40 1,700

04CO110bug4 0.3 0.6 1,600 600 25 33 1,700

04CO110bug5 0.5 0.7 1,200 580 38 46 2,500

04CO110bug6 0.5 0.7 1,200 600 41 72 2,800

04CO110bug7 0.7 0.8 2,000 840 44 57 2,800

04CO110bug8 0.6 0.6 1,200 520 24 46 1,800

04CO110bug9 0.6 0.5 1,100 640 24 35 1,600

 

04CO111bug1 0.1 0.1 300 250 1.7 6.7 130

04CO111bug2 0.4 0.6 910 550 12 23 700

04CO111bug3 0.5 0.7 1,600 1,100 23 42 1,500

04CO111bug4 0.3 0.4 810 600 12 25 830

04CO111bug5 0.5 0.7 1,400 1,000 9.3 30 580

04CO111bug6 0.5 0.5 770 610 7.3 27 430

04CO111bug7 0.5 0.8 1,500 940 13 39 760

04CO111bug8 0.4 0.8 1,700 850 10 28 650

04CO111bug9 0.3 0.4 820 670 5.9 23 380

 

04CO112bug1 0.4 0.5 740 1,100 12 19 510

04CO112bug2 0.3 0.4 600 900 8.2 11 390

04CO112bug3 0.2 0.3 460 690 4.5 11 250

04CO112bug4 0.3 0.5 630 990 11 21 500

04CO112bug6 0.3 0.4 510 780 7.3 17 300

04CO112bug8 0.4 0.6 1,000 1,800 14 25 600

04CO112bug9 0.3 0.5 630 1,300 14 20 620

 

04CO113bug1 0.4 0.9 790 370 0.6 15 180

04CO113bug2 0.6 1.0 840 350 0.7 13 160

04CO113bug3 0.4 0.7 1,500 1,000 7.7 34 440

 

04CO116bug7 0.7 0.9 1,300 2,100 1.6 16 110

04CO116bug8 0.5 0.9 1,100 1,600 2.4 19 130

04CO116bug9 0.4 0.7 650 1,000 1.9 20 120

 

04CO117bug1 0.3 0.4 830 680 1.9 15 93

16
Table 2. Continued. Sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, cadmium, copper, and zinc concentrations (dry weight) 

in 2004 invertebrate samples. 

 Sample No. 

Na 

percent 

K 

percent 

Mg 

μg/g

Ca 

μg/g

Cd 

μg/g

Cu 

μg/g

Zn 

μg/g

04CO117bug2 0.4 0.7 1,600 1,000 3.9 28 260

04CO117bug3 0.5 0.7 1,400 1,400 4.3 28 240

04CO117bug4 0.6 0.7 1,300 920 3.9 29 210

04CO117bug5 0.4 0.7 1,200 740 3.5 23 180

04CO117bug6 0.4 0.8 2,000 1,100 5.4 31 310

04CO117bug7 0.3 0.6 860 900 3.4 17 190

04CO117bug8 0.4 0.4 630 580 3.1 14 170

04CO117bug9 0.4 0.6 820 770 4.1 21 230

 

04CO118bug1 0.6 1.0 1,600 2,400 3.2 25 170

04CO118bug2 0.8 0.9 1,500 2,100 1.1 29 150

04CO118bug3 0.4 0.8 1,200 1,700 1.9 20 120

04CO118bug4 0.5 1.1 1,700 2,300 3.7 30 180

04CO118bug5 0.8 1.0 1,100 1,900 2.1 34 88

04CO118bug6 0.5 0.9 1,400 2,100 1.3 18 100

04CO118bug7 0.2 0.4 480 640 1.4 11 73

04CO118bug8 0.4 0.8 1,100 1,800 2.3 23 150

04CO118bug9 0.7 0.8 1,300 2,600 1.6 34 86

 

04CO119bug1 0.5 0.8 800 1,600 25 320 3,900

04CO119bug2 0.3 0.5 420 790 17 130 1,800

04CO119bug3 0.5 0.6 740 1,800 31 250 3,700

04CO119bug4 0.8 0.8 960 1,400 19 140 1,900

04CO119bug5 0.6 0.8 910 1,900 29 340 2,700

04CO119bug6 0.2 0.3 270 320 6.9 130 810

04CO119bug7 0.7 0.7 1,000 1,600 17 100 520

04CO119bug8 0.5 0.7 810 1,300 22 140 2,100

04CO119bug9 0.6 0.6 610 1,500 27 270 2,700

 

04CO120bug1 0.3 0.6 810 400 3.9 20 280

04CO120bug2 0.6 0.8 1,100 590 13 43 1,400

04CO120bug3 0.5 0.7 1,800 950 5.5 17 800

04CO120bug4 0.3 0.6 1,600 830 8.6 29 950

04CO120bug5 0.4 0.6 660 420 6.3 34 550

04CO120bug6 0.5 0.7 1,600 880 2.9 20 400

04CO120bug7 0.4 0.9 1,200 710 11 30 1,100

04CO120bug8 0.3 0.3 760 470 4.3 21 530

04CO120bug9 0.4 0.6 870 550 8.7 22 850

 

04CO123bug1 0.3 0.4 760 590 9.7 79 2,600

04CO123bug2 0.3 0.4 1,000 500 11 60 3,300

04CO123bug3 0.4 0.6 1,700 840 16 71 4,100

04CO123bug4 0.3 0.5 1,000 620 12 46 2,300

17
Table 2. Continued. Sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, cadmium, copper, and zinc concentrations (dry weight) 

in 2004 invertebrate samples. 

 Sample No. 

Na 

percent 

K 

percent 

Mg 

μg/g

Ca 

μg/g

Cd 

μg/g

Cu 

μg/g

Zn 

μg/g

04CO123bug5 0.2 0.4 1,100 450 18 51 3,500

04CO123bug6 0.4 0.4 780 570 10 39 2,200

04CO123bug7 0.4 0.6 1,300 600 15 57 3,900

04CO123bug8 0.4 0.7 1,800 1,100 12 70 2,800

04CO123bug9 0.3 0.6 1,500 650 11 45 2,500

 

04CO124bug1 0.1 0.2 210 230 0.8 9.0 32

04CO124bug2 0.5 0.8 1,800 920 1.2 20 150

04CO124bug3 0.2 0.3 850 560 7.0 35 490

04CO124bug4 0.3 0.7 1,600 730 3.9 38 480

04CO124bug5 0.2 0.4 650 640 1.6 22 180

04CO124bug6 0.1 0.2 320 39 0.5 8.8 62

04CO124bug7 0.2 0.4 640 570 2.4 32 190

04CO124bug8 0.1 0.2 200 71 0.5 9.1 59

04CO124bug9 0.6 1.1 1,600 760 11 67 960

 

04CO125bug1 0.4 0.6 1,200 850 2.3 31 310

04CO125bug2 0.2 0.4 780 470 1.1 22 180

04CO125bug3 0.3 0.6 860 520 2.3 30 380

04CO125bug4 0.3 0.4 1,100 790 1.8 28 290

04CO125bug5 0.2 0.3 540 270 0.8 14 150

04CO125bug6 0.4 0.5 1,000 830 3.0 37 360

04CO125bug7 0.3 0.5 630 460 1.7 22 270

04CO125bug9 0.4 0.8 1,800 930 3.2 46 430

 

04CO126bug1 0.2 0.3 340 460 2.0 19 200

04CO126bug2 0.6 1.0 2,300 1,100 0.6 20 160

04CO126bug3 0.4 0.6 950 540 3.1 29 400

04CO126bug4 0.4 0.8 1,700 880 4.5 31 500

04CO126bug5 0.6 1.0 2,300 1,000 3.8 36 400

04CO126bug6 0.4 0.9 2,000 880 5.1 46 540

04CO126bug7 0.3 0.4 790 590 3.0 23 280

04CO126bug9 1.0 1.5 1,600 1,200 8.0 80 940

 

04CO128bug1 0.5 0.8 880 570 6.0 130 790

04CO128bug2 0.3 0.8 1,700 940 6.3 150 680

04CO128bug3 0.5 0.9 2,100 830 5.0 120 640

04CO128bug4 0.5 0.7 1,700 850 0.4 58 120

04CO128bug5 0.4 0.8 1,700 1,100 6.2 180 680

04CO128bug6 0.3 0.7 900 400 4.9 120 570

04CO128bug7 0.5 0.7 750 520 3.4 110 420

18
Table 2. Continued. Sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, cadmium, copper, and zinc concentrations (dry weight) 

in 2004 invertebrate samples. 

 Sample No. 

Na 

percent 

K 

percent 

Mg 

μg/g

Ca 

μg/g

Cd 

μg/g

Cu 

μg/g

Zn 

μg/g

04CO128bug8 0.5 0.7 1,500 800 0.8 48 160

04CO128bug9 0.5 0.9 1,900 1,000 7.4 160 820

 

04CO129bug1 0.3 0.7 1,800 720 7.5 83 1,700

04CO129bug2 0.5 0.9 1,800 890 5.5 65 970

04CO129bug3 0.5 0.5 1,300 1,400 10 77 1,500

04CO129bug4 0.3 0.8 1,900 920 9.7 92 2,200

04CO129bug5 0.4 0.9 2,000 880 6.7 52 1,600

04CO129bug6 0.2 0.4 1,600 1,100 8.0 80 1,800

04CO129bug7 0.4 0.7 1,100 520 13 87 2,600

04CO129bug8 0.4 0.9 1,900 810 9.2 77 1,800

04CO130bug1 0.4 0.9 760 310 0.2 17 170

04CO130bug2 0.5 1.1 840 380 0.2 16 190

04CO130bug3 0.6 1.3 1,000 450 0.5 19 260

04CO130bug4 0.3 0.8 650 280 0.1 12 150

04CO130bug5 0.4 0.8 680 270 0.1 17 150

04CO130bug6 0.3 0.4 350 140 0.0 3.1 55

04CO130bug7 0.4 0.9 730 290 0.1 14 150

04CO130bug8 0.4 0.9 770 290 0.1 14 150

04CO130bug9 0.5 0.9 890 380 0.1 11 180

 

04CO136bug1 0.0 0.3 450 620 0.5 8.6 23

04CO136bug2 0.1 0.2 130 130 0.3 4.0 5

04CO136bug3 0.2 0.4 470 560 0.4 7.4 20

04CO136bug5 0.1 0.2 260 290 0.3 2.9 9

04CO136bug6 0.2 0.3 250 320 0.5 5.7 21

04CO136bug7 0.2 0.3 400 510 0.3 6.1 25

04CO136bug8 0.1 0.2 380 420 0.5 6.2 15

04CO136bug9 0.2 0.3 420 450 0.3 5.8 10

 

04CO140bug1 0.4 0.9 790 350 0.3 15 130

04CO140bug2 0.4 0.9 900 270 0.8 16 150

04CO140bug3 0.4 1.1 900 180 0.3 9.6 110

04CO140bug4 0.5 1.0 910 310 1.7 20 160

04CO140bug5 0.6 1.0 1,000 290 0.7 15 160

04CO140bug6 0.6 1.2 1,100 320 1.0 17 150

04CO140bug7 0.4 0.8 820 280 0.6 12 110

04CO140bug8 0.5 1.0 1,000 400 3.0 25 180

04CO140bug9 0.6 1.2 1,000 360 3.3 29 200

19
Table 2. Continued. Sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, cadmium, copper, and zinc concentrations (dry weight) 

in 2004 invertebrate samples. 

 Sample No. 

Na 

percent 

K 

percent 

Mg 

μg/g

Ca 

μg/g

Cd 

μg/g

Cu 

μg/g

Zn 

μg/g

04CO142bug1 0.4 0.7 700 270 0.2 9.6 120

04CO142bug3 0.5 0.9 900 310 0.2 11 160

04CO142bug4 0.4 0.7 660 220 0.0 12 100

04CO142bug5 0.5 0.8 810 300 0.2 11 150

04CO142bug6 0.5 0.8 950 310 0.1 13 140

04CO142bug7 0.3 0.5 600 210 0.1 11 92

04CO142bug8 0.7 1.0 1,100 510 0.5 15 180

04CO142bug9 0.5 0.9 880 310 0.1 11 160

 

04CO161bug1 0.5 0.9 750 320 0.6 9.9 130

04CO161bug2 0.4 0.9 800 540 0.2 9.1 140

04CO161bug3 0.6 1.1 960 650 0.6 14 210

04CO161bug4 0.6 1.1 950 470 0.4 13 190

04CO161bug5 0.5 0.9 770 310 0.3 15 160

04CO161bug6 0.4 0.7 660 260 0.2 9.4 130

04CO161bug7 0.4 0.7 680 230 0.2 8.2 120

04CO161bug8 0.1 0.2 140 130 0.1 1.6 27

04CO161bug9 0.4 0.9 700 310 0.2 10 130

 

04CO174bug1 0.7 0.8 820 340 0.5 10 110

04CO174bug2 0.7 1.1 930 410 0.7 15 180

04CO174bug3 0.5 1.0 790 280 0.5 13 150

04CO174bug4 1.7 3.4 2,700 1,300 3.3 55 580

04CO174bug5 0.5 0.9 770 280 0.6 11 150

04CO174bug6 0.6 1.3 1,000 410 1.3 18 250

04CO174bug7 0.1 0.1 75 17 0.0 0.9 11

04CO174bug8 0.5 0.8 720 1,000 0.6 12 140

04CO174bug9 0.8 0.9 890 420 0.6 12 150

 

04CO175bug1 0.6 1.0 870 320 0.9 16 140

04CO175bug2 0.4 1.0 740 420 1.0 20 190

04CO175bug3 0.7 1.3 1,000 540 2.9 32 250

04CO175bug4 0.5 1.1 850 320 2.2 24 210

04CO175bug5 0.5 0.9 730 260 1.7 20 160

04CO175bug6 0.4 1.0 790 240 0.8 13 150

04CO175bug7 0.6 0.9 680 360 1.2 22 160

04CO175bug8 0.8 1.2 980 510 1.0 20 180

 

04CO176bug1 0.4 0.9 720 280 0.4 17 150

04CO176bug2 0.5 0.9 780 240 0.3 13 160

04CO176bug3 0.4 0.8 660 380 0.4 13 130

04CO176bug4 0.5 1.1 950 280 0.4 16 170

04CO176bug5 0.4 0.9 680 190 1.3 21 160

20
Table 2. Continued. Sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, cadmium, copper, and zinc concentrations (dry weight) 

in 2004 invertebrate samples. 

 Sample No. 

Na 

percent 

K 

percent 

Mg 

μg/g

Ca 

μg/g

Cd 

μg/g

Cu 

μg/g

Zn 

μg/g

04CO176bug6 0.3 0.4 460 130 0.1 5.5 60

04CO176bug7 0.8 1.8 1,500 560 1.9 30 280

04CO176bug8 0.4 1.0 700 210 1.1 20 180

 

04CO177bug1 0.6 1.0 1,100 430 5.3 21 220

04CO177bug2 0.4 0.6 650 180 2.0 13 100

04CO177bug3 0.6 1.0 860 270 4.2 22 210

04CO177bug4 0.2 0.5 440 69 1.5 7.7 73

04CO177bug5 0.5 1.1 960 290 8.5 32 280

04CO177bug6 0.3 0.6 660 190 2.6 13 120

04CO177bug7 0.9 1.3 1,400 440 0.6 17 190

04CO177bug8 0.5 0.9 890 310 3.5 18 150

04CO177bug9 0.5 1.2 1,000 390 7.6 29 300

 

04CO210bug1 0.2 0.5 520 190 0.1 4.9 96

04CO210bug2 0.2 0.4 410 130 0.1 4.9 74

04CO210bug4 0.1 0.3 270 150 0.0 2.7 49

04CO210bug5 0.2 0.3 290 99 0.1 2.8 58

04CO210bug6 0.6 0.9 830 370 0.4 12 150

04CO210bug7 0.4 0.8 890 340 0.3 11 150

04CO210bug8 0.3 0.7 680 320 0.1 7.5 140

04CO210bug9 0.2 0.5 550 170 0.1 4.3 79

 

04CO212bug1 0.4 0.8 910 320 0.5 16 150

04CO212bug2 0.4 0.7 820 310 0.4 19 130

04CO212bug3 0.5 0.8 960 790 0.4 20 160

04CO212bug4 0.2 0.4 540 190 0.1 9.6 72

04CO212bug5 0.4 0.8 900 3,200 0.4 16 140

04CO212bug6 0.9 1.6 1,400 970 0.9 26 270

04CO212bug7 0.5 1.1 1,200 640 0.4 21 180

04CO212bug9 0.4 0.7 820 880 0.3 16 150

 

04CO213bug1 0.6 0.9 930 500 0.1 8.9 120

04CO213bug2 0.6 1.0 920 410 0.8 19 190

04CO213bug3 0.6 1.4 1,100 350 0.4 11 150

04CO213bug4 0.5 0.9 910 550 0.6 14 170

04CO213bug5 0.6 1.0 880 380 0.9 19 190

04CO213bug6 0.3 0.9 680 210 0.1 6.2 81

04CO213bug7 0.6 1.0 890 410 0.5 15 180

04CO213bug8 0.9 1.5 1,400 910 0.5 21 230

04CO213bug9 0.5 1.0 790 330 0.3 14 150

 

04CO216bug1 0.5 0.9 820 350 1.0 17 180

21
Table 2. Continued. Sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, cadmium, copper, and zinc concentrations in 2004

invertebrate samples. 

Na K Mg Ca Cd Cu Zn 

 Sample No. percent percent μg/g μg/g μg/g μg/g μg/g

04CO216bug2 0.5 1.0 880 360 0.5 14 160

04CO216bug3 0.4 0.7 660 230 0.2 9.9 120

04CO216bug4 0.6 1.1 950 420 0.9 18 210

04CO216bug5 0.5 0.9 820 580 0.5 16 170

04CO216bug6 0.6 1.0 920 420 0.7 17 180

04CO216bug7 0.6 1.2 950 450 1.0 18 190

04CO216bug8 0.1 0.3 260 110 0.1 4.1 43

04CO216bug9 0.5 1.0 900 320 0.9 17 180

 

04CO233bug1 0.3 0.6 560 230 0.4 7.1 130

04CO233bug2 0.3 0.8 860 410 0.5 10 170

04CO233bug3 0.5 0.9 880 330 0.2 13 190

04CO233bug4 0.4 0.9 780 290 1.1 13 260

04CO233bug5 0.4 0.8 1,000 530 0.9 10 210

04CO233bug6 0.3 0.7 680 250 0.4 8.3 170

04CO233bug7 0.3 0.7 630 250 0.4 9.0 150

04CO233bug8 0.3 0.5 490 160 0.4 6.4 120

04CO233bug9 0.3 0.7 710 280 0.2 8.0 190

22
Table 3a. Discharge, wetted perimeter, elevation, temperature, pH, and specific conductance for 2005 sample sites. A 

blank space means parameter was not measured or calculated for that site. 

Field 

Number 

Discharge 

(L/s) 

Wetted 

Perimeter 

(m) 

Elevation 

(m) 

Temperature

(

o

C) pH

Specific 

Conductance 

(μS/cm) 

05CO101 5.3 2,450 10.6 6.56 187

05CO102 2.1 2,450 15.8 7.71 297

05CO103 37 3.3 2,740 17.8 7.76 77

05CO104 9.6 2.5 2,820 11.9 7.42 36

05CO105 9.2 1.6 2,600 17.0 7.72 137

05CO106 192 13.8 2,880 10.1 7.47 58

05CO107 143 4.4 2,910 9.5 7.57 85

05CO108 86 11.6 2,640 14.4 7.34 84

05CO109 2.8 1.4 2,600 18.4 7.10 143

05CO110 44 5.5 2,650 13.2 6.74 85

05CO111 24 40.5 2,400 12.7 7.39 129

05CO112 112 8.8 3,000 15.8 7.45 25

05CO113 213 7.8 2,610 4.7 7.00 27

05CO114 484 10.5 2,800 4.6 6.84 39

05CO115 338 10.6 2,880 8.6 7.02 27

05CO116 0.2 2,480 21 3.04 3,002

05CO117 0.9 2,270 24.1 6.14 710

05CO118 179 12.7 2,910 8.5 5.77 19

05CO119 511 14.5 2,910 8.0 6.36 40

05CO120 212 11 2,800 10.0 6.43 27

05CO121 60 4.2 2,560 11.6 6.11 43

05CO122 13 4.4 2,760 11.0 5.84 35

05CO123 22 5.3 2,800 13.2 6.38 98

05CO124 2.7 1.9 2,730 9.0 5.97 94

05CO125 9 2,710 8.5 5.05 77

05CO126 7.1 2.5 2,700 14.2 6.39 112

05CO127 100 10.4 2,690 16.9 6.43 92

05CO128 10 4.1 2,650 19.5 6.61 110

05CO129 36 4.7 2,630 15.1 6.93 68

05CO130 17 4 2,630 10.8 6.99 83

05CO131 41 6.5 2,930 7.2 6.69 140

05CO132 228 11.8 2,960 9.5 7.20 73

05CO133 387 11.8 2,860 10.7 7.24 75

05CO134 15 3.5 2,610 10.1 7.28 45

05CO135 26 5.7 2,520 13.5 7.58 38

05CO136 335 7.6 2,340 11.1 7.71 44

05CO137 68 7.6 2,800 5.4 5.70 37

05CO138 29 6.1 2,590 13.3 6.40 100

05CO139 17 5.6 2,590 16.1 6.70 102

05CO140 281 12.3 3,110 8.7 5.4 70

05CO141 289 19.1 3,060 11.5 6.1 108

05CO142 148 10.1 3,300 8.8 6.4 80

23
Table 3a. Continued. Discharge, wetted perimeter, elevation, temperature, pH, and specific conductance for 2005 

sample sites. A blank space means parameter was not measured or calculated for that site. 

Field 

Number 

Discharge 

(L/s) 

Wetted 

Perimeter 

(m) 

Elevation 

(m) 

Temperature

(

o

C) pH

Specific 

Conductance 

(μS/cm) 

05CO143 271 12.3 3,300 10.9 6.7 48

05CO144 87 7.3 3,330 9.4 4.2 235

05CO145 592 21.2 3,180 10.4 5.1 173

05CO146 580 19.8 3,120 7 6.2 80

05CO147 225 13.3 3,130 5.7 6.8 111

05CO148 119 8.8 2,770 8.9 8.0 243

05CO149 159 8.8 2,790 7.3 8.0 276

05CO150 212 15.4 2,450 11.1 8.2 287

05CO151 202 10.1 3,160 6 5.9 122

05CO152 243 10.9 3,040 8.6 6.6 94

05CO153 108 10.7 3,330 12.3 7.1 76

05CO154 109 12 3,360 10.1 3.5 245

05CO155 552 13.7 3,050 10.2 5.0 191

05CO156 101 10 3,220 9.5 6.1 139

05CO157 133 9.9 2,420 8.8 6.6 39

05CO158 230 16.1 2,230 11.2 6.6 56

05CO159 88 13 3,040 10.7 7.4 49

05CO160 76 6.3 3,030 11.2 7.5 40

05CO161 194 21 3,220 12.4 8.1 144

05CO162 198 16.3 3,270 12.7 6.9 98

05CO163 200 10 3,320 5.3 6.0 171

05CO164 735 33.1 3,000 9.3 5.6 189

05CO165 1128 2,830 10.4 5.7 153

05CO166 93 11.1 2,740 10 6.5 36

05CO167 316 23.8 2,730 13.1 6.5 63

05CO168 761 29 2,730 11.6 6.8 82

05CO201 3,030 10.3 7.59 49 

05CO202 65 11 3,030 18.4 7.22 42 

05CO203 398 33.7 2,990 16.4 7.42 64 

05CO204 102 8 2,680 8.7 8.3 542 

05CO205 355 22.1 2,990 9.6 7.8 100 

05CO206 442 17.8 2,910 11.1 8.13 128 

05CO207 51 13.9 3,140 0.7 6.89 107 

05CO208 45 7.6 3,090 1.7 3.19 621 

05CO209 95 (est.) 3.5 3,140 4.4 3.39 492 

05CO210 2,650 7.3 6.63 31 

05CO211 100 9.5 2,790 5.9 6.62 13 

05CO212 190 19.7 2,800 5.9 6.51 13 

05CO213 70 (est.) 2,550 6.7 6.56 28 

05CO214 340 (est.) 2,550 8.8 6.55 17 

05CO215 100 (est.) 2,640 7.2 6.7 27 

05CO216 280 (est.) 2,650 11.5 6.65 20 

24
Table 3a. Continued. Discharge, wetted perimeter, elevation, temperature, pH, and specific conductance for 2005 

sample sites. A blank space means parameter was not measured or calculated for that site. 

Field 

Number 

Discharge 

(L/s) 

Wetted 

Perimeter 

(m) 

Elevation 

(m) 

Temperature

(

o

C) pH 

Specific 

Conductance 

(μS/cm) 

05CO218 2,660 6.5 6.83 24 

05CO219 154 22.4 2,710 9.2 6.65 30 

05CO220 2 2,560 11.3 6.6 168 

05CO221 11 (est.) 2,300 9.3 7.39 88 

05CO222 218 25.2 2,640 7.6 7.43 41 

05CO223 18 2,700 8.9 6.75 70 

05CO224 21 6.6 2,750 2.8 6.55 90 

05CO225 71 2,750 2.8 6.91 41 

05CO226 74 9.9 2,750 4.6 6.54 86 

05CO227 67 9.1 2,680 6.4 7.02 25 

05CO228 17 6.2 2,770 8.5 6.83 48 

05CO229 11 (est.) 2,800 5.8 7.17 38 

05CO230 20 12.7 3,080 10.4 7.1 38 

05CO231 460 58.6 2,650 6.2 6.64 22 

05CO232 <3 2,620 7.4 6.64 35 

05CO233 <<3 2,570 7 7.04 46 

05CO235 334 27.5 2,600 7.5 6.93 38 

05CO236 69 10.4 2,870 6.1 6.96 75 

05CO237 27 9 2,860 9.1 7.29 25 

25
Table 3b. Sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, cadmium, copper, zinc, sulfate, nitrate, alkalinity and dissolved 

organic carbon for filtered water samples from 2005 sample sites. A blank space means parameter was not measured 

for that site. 

Field 

Number 

Na 

mg/L 

K 

mg/L 

Mg 

mg/L 

Ca 

mg/L

Cd 

μg/L 

Cu 

μg/L 

Zn 

μg/L 

SO4

-

mg/L 

NO3

-

mg/L 

Alkalinity 

mg/L 

CaCo3 

DOC 

mg/L 

05CO-101 4.6 1.7 5.9 23 <0.02 <0.5 <0.5 15.4 <0.08 75.4 1.8 

05CO-102 7.9 1.5 11 35 <0.02 0.54 0.7 26 <0.08 111 2.9 

05CO-103 3.4 0.59 2.2 9.9 <0.02 <0.5 1.0 2.7 <0.08 35.9 5.1 

05CO-104 2.3 0.5 0.84 4.2 <0.02 <0.5 2.0 2.1 <0.08 16.9 3.9 

05CO-105 3.8 0.97 4.6 16 <0.02 <0.5 0.6 2.4 <0.08 63.6 3.8 

05CO-106 1.8 1.8 1.6 6.4 <0.02 <0.5 0.7 2.5 <0.08 25.7 2.8 

05CO-107 1.9 1.8 2.7 9.7 <0.02 <0.5 0.5 3.8 <0.08 36.4 2.5 

05CO-108 2.8 1.9 2.0 8.9 0.02 0.74 18 3.5 0.20 36.7 5.8 

05CO-109 4.4 1.0 4.9 16 <0.02 <0.5 1.6 1.8 0.20 69.3 5.5 

05CO-110 3.6 0.6 1.5 11 <0.02 <0.5 2.4 5.0 <0.08 36.4 3.3 

05CO-111 5.8 0.5 2.8 15 <0.02 <0.5 1.8 8.6 0.23 51.3 3.1 

05CO-112 0.8 0.32 0.92 2.7 <0.02 0.58 1.8 2.0 0.30 11.4 2.3 

05CO-113 1.2 0.4 0.67 2.8 <0.02 <0.5 3.0 3.0 0.60 10.6 1.5 

05CO-114 1.3 0.41 1.4 3.8 0.06 <0.5 11 3.0 0.50 16.2 1.7 

05CO-115 0.99 0.32 0.99 2.4 <0.02 <0.5 2.1 3.0 0.40 11.3 1.6 

05CO-116 19 3.1 113 261 507 12300 107000 1920 5.4 0.0 2.2 

05CO-117 26 8.0 21.9 68 1.4 11 263 273 <0.08 30.5 2.1 

05CO-118 0.41 0.24 0.66 2.1 <0.02 <0.5 0.60 2.0 0.40 8.9 2.1 

05CO-119 0.98 0.52 1.7 4.0 <0.02 <0.5 1.0 5.0 0.40 14.5 1.7 

05CO-120 1.4 0.39 0.68 2.7 <0.02 <0.5 1.4 3.0 <0.08 10.7 2.0 

05CO-121 2.2 0.81 1.1 4.4 <0.02 <0.5 1.3 2.4 <0.08 19.0 3.8 

05CO-122 2.1 0.55 0.9 3.4 <0.02 <0.5 1.8 2.4 <0.08 15.1 3.1 

05CO-123 3.7 0.38 2.7 12 <0.02 <0.5 0.9 5.0 <0.08 42.6 2.3 

05CO-124 4.4 0.79 3.6 8.1 <0.02 <0.5 0.6 5.0 <0.08 40.8 3.3 

05CO-125 4.4 0.58 3.1 5.8 <0.02 <0.5 0.8 4.0 <0.08 33.8 3.4 

05CO-126 5.8 1.1 4.0 10 <0.02 <0.5 1.1 6.0 <0.08 48.5 3.6 

05CO-127 2.9 0.67 1.9 12 <0.02 <0.5 3.2 14.7 <0.08 25.3 2.1 

05CO-128 4.8 0.45 2.3 14 <0.02 <0.5 1.2 4.0 0.60 48.2 3.5 

05CO-129 3.2 0.53 1.6 7.2 <0.02 <0.5 0.70 4.2 <0.08 29.2 2.5 

05CO-130 3.8 0.57 1.8 9.4 <0.02 <0.5 <0.5 7.0 <0.08 32.3 3.4 

05CO-131 1.6 0.58 2.9 19 <0.02 <0.5 1.9 18 0.30 34.5 4.0 

05CO-132 0.84 0.55 2.4 9.1 0.02 0.5 1.6 6.4 0.50 26.4 8.1 

05CO-133 1.3 0.54 1.9 9.6 0.05 0.69 7.2 14 0.70 15.8 

05CO-134 2.2 0.46 1.2 4.3 <0.02 <0.5 0.90 2.5 0.60 20.0 

05CO-135 1.9 0.53 0.93 4.1 <0.02 0.60 2.9 2.0 <0.08 17.7 4.4 

05CO-136 2.6 0.58 1.2 4.0 <0.02 <0.5 0.90 2.7 <0.08 19.2 2.5 

05CO-137 2.1 0.37 1.1 3.1 <0.02 <0.5 0.50 2.6 0.30 16.1 2.0 

05CO-138 4.0 0.61 3.8 12 <0.02 0.74 1.4 3.0 <0.08 46.2 7.9 

05CO-139 3.6 0.78 3.7 11 <0.02 0.82 1.2 4.0 0.20 44 6.2 

05CO-140 1.5 0.56 1.2 10 <0.02 0.77 0.60 6.1 0.30 26.8 2.4 

05CO-141 1.4 0.33 1.4 16 3.0 1.1 922 24 0.20 21.9 5.3 

26
Table 3b. Continued. Sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, cadmium, copper, zinc, sulfate, nitrate, alkalinity and 

dissolved organic carbon for filtered water samples from 2005 sample sites. A blank space means parameter was not

measured for that site. 

Field 

Number 

Na 

mg/L 

K 

mg/L 

Mg 

mg/L 

Ca 

mg/L

Cd 

μg/L 

Cu 

μg/L

Zn 

μg/L 

SO4

-

mg/L 

NO3

-

mg/L 

Alkalinity 

mg/L 

CaCo3 

DOC 

mg/L 

05CO-142 0.80 0.85 2.4 11 <0.02 <0.5 0.60 7.0 0.80 30.7 1.3 

05CO-143 0.99 0.32 1.6 6.4 <0.02 1.7 3.2 6.6 0.50 17.7 1.6 

05CO-144 1.3 0.49 2.8 19 0.47 162 47.4 83 0.40 0.0 0.93 

05CO-145 1.1 0.51 4.3 16 0.54 227 109 68 0.40 0.4 1.0 

05CO-146 0.76 0.40 3.3 9.0 <0.02 <0.5 0.80 7.1 0.80 31.0 1.2 

05CO-147 1.2 0.68 4.6 14 <0.02 <0.5 <0.5 7.0 15 44.1 1.1 

05CO-148 1.5 0.70 6.7 37 <0.02 <0.5 1.9 5.0 0.25 118 1.8 

05CO-149 1.2 0.87 15 34 <0.02 <0.5 <0.5 6.6 0.50 128 1.6 

05CO-150 1.3 0.74 12.2 39 <0.02 <0.5 0.50 17 0.35 127 1.6 

05CO-151 1.2 0.49 1.5 20 0.02 <0.5 2.2 19 0.50 0.0 1.5 

05CO-152 1.3 0.87 3.2 12 0.04 0.52 8.8 11 0.70 31.9 1.5 

05CO-153 0.82 0.38 1.9 10 <0.02 <0.5 0.90 2.0 0.20 27.8 2.1 

05CO-154 2.1 0.48 5.0 7.8 1.0 18 270 67 0.20 0.0 1.2 

05CO-155 1.7 0.71 5.4 19 6.7 76 1580 70 0.45 0.9 1.2 

05CO-156 7.7 1.0 2.8 14 <0.02 0.57 4.0 14 2.8 28.8 1.7 

05CO-157 2.3 0.61 0.5 4.1 <0.02 <0.5 0.90 3.5 0.40 10.6 2.2 

05CO-158 2.9 0.81 0.91 6.4 <0.02 <0.5 1.0 4.3 0.40 15.9 3.4 

05CO-159 3.1 0.77 1.2 4.6 <0.02 <0.5 0.50 3.6 <0.08 19.2 4.8 

05CO-160 2.5 0.45 0.95 3.8 <0.02 <0.5 0.80 3.0 <0.08 15.6 5.1 

05CO-161 1.3 0.57 3.1 19 0.64 5.8 94 45 0.40 7.1 1.5 

05CO-162 1.2 0.3 3.1 13 0.04 0.61 8.6 12 0.70 29.6 1.7 

05CO-163 1.2 0.62 5.6 18 1.0 0.89 251 58 11.7 6.3 1.3 

05CO-164 2.1 0.73 5.3 20 4.6 43 1160 67 0.30 1.7 1.4 

05CO-165 2.4 0.85 4.1 17 2.4 6.7 617 44 0.50 12.5 1.4 

05CO-166 1.0 0.36 1.0 4.9 <0.02 <0.5 2.2 2.5 0.50 15.2 1.4 

05CO-167 1.9 0.70 2.0 8.3 <0.02 <0.5 1.3 4.4 0.20 26.4 2.0 

05CO-168 1.7 0.85 2.7 12 <0.02 <0.5 0.50 7.7 0.25 32.5 1.7 

05CO-201 1.3 0.62 0.98 6.9 <0.02 <0.5 1.7 2.8 0.30 21.6 3.9 

05CO-202 2.1 0.51 0.42 7.0 <0.02 <0.5 5.6 3.0 <0.08 20.8 2.3 

05CO-203 1.0 0.37 0.60 11 <0.02 <0.5 1.8 6.3 0.33 25.2 2.2 

05CO-204 1.6 1.1 37.3 60 <0.02 0.5 0.70 113 <0.08 183 2.2 

05CO-205 1.5 0.56 1.7 16 0.02 6.7 2.8 16.7 0.20 28.5 2.1 

05CO-206 1.5 0.50 2.9 18 0.24 4.5 49.9 19.3 <0.08 39.6 2.2 

05CO-207 1.3 0.65 2.7 14 0.04 4.0 9.4 24 0.80 22.8 1.6 

05CO-208 4.6 2.0 8.2 10 0.9 193 152 246 <0.08 0.0 1.2 

05CO-209 2.3 1.6 8.8 16 4.5 102 767 196 1.0 0.0 1.2 

05CO-210 1.7 0.35 0.75 3.1 0.02 <0.5 5.4 3.5 0.4 12.9 1.4 

05CO-211 0.54 0.21 0.24 1.5 <0.02 <0.5 <0.5 2.5 1.4 4.9 1.3 

05CO-212 0.55 0.15 0.23 1.5 <0.02 0.57 <0.5 2.5 1.0 4.9 2.0 

05CO-213 2.2 0.33 0.79 2.5 <0.02 1.9 1.5 2.0 <0.08 14.1 3.6 

27
Table 3b. Continued. Sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, cadmium, copper, zinc, sulfate, nitrate, alkalinity and 

dissolved organic carbon for filtered water samples from 2005 sample sites. A blank space means parameter was not

measured for that site. 

Field 

Number 

Na 

mg/L 

K 

mg/L 

Mg 

mg/L 

Ca 

mg/L

Cd 

μg/L 

Cu 

μg/L

Zn 

μg/L 

SO4

-

mg/L 

NO3

-

mg/L 

Alkalinity 

mg/L 

CaCo3 

DOC 

mg/L 

05CO-214 0.93 0.22 0.41 1.7 <0.02 0.74 0.60 3.0 0.8 6.6 2.2 

05CO-215 1.3 0.39 0.87 2.5 <0.02 0.81 0.60 4.0 1.0 9.4 2.1 

05CO-216 1.3 0.25 0.44 1.9 <0.02 0.56 0.70 2.7 0.60 7.9 3.0 

05CO-217 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.02 <0.5 <0.5 <1.6 <0.08 0.0 1.7 

05CO-218 2.0 0.29 0.48 2.2 <0.02 <0.5 0.50 2.6 <0.08 11.2 1.5 

05CO-219 1.9 0.50 0.86 2.9 <0.02 1.3 1.0 2.3 <0.08 14.5 3.2 

05CO-220 6.6 1.5 5.4 20 <0.02 0.93 0.90 8.3 1.6 70 5.2 

05CO-221 4.1 1.1 2.8 9.1 <0.02 0.5 <0.5 5.6 <0.08 37.6 2.4 

05CO-222 1.0 0.60 0.89 5.4 <0.02 <0.5 <0.5 3.0 0.60 17.9 1.6 

05CO-223 3.1 0.44 1.4 8.6 <0.02 <0.5 <0.5 5.6 <0.08 28.7 1.6 

05CO-224 1.9 0.91 3.9 9.4 <0.02 0.68 <0.5 8.2 0.30 35.1 1.9 

05CO-225 1.8 0.59 1.4 4.1 <0.02 0.56 <0.5 4.0 0.30 17.6 2.0 

05CO-226 1.3 0.83 3.1 10 <0.02 <0.5 <0.5 9.8 0.60 31.8 1.7 

05CO-227 1.8 0.32 0.57 2.2 <0.02 <0.5 <0.5 2.8 <0.08 10.8 2.2 

05CO-228 2.6 0.72 1.3 5.1 <0.02 <0.5 0.50 2.8 <0.08 22.2 2.4 

05CO-229 2.2 0.54 1.1 3.7 <0.02 <0.5 0.60 2.6 <0.08 18.3 1.7 

05CO-230 1.4 0.39 1.5 4.0 <0.02 <0.5 0.90 2.4 0.25 18.1 2.4 

05CO-231 1.1 0.25 0.48 2.4 <0.02 <0.5 0.50 3.0 0.60 9.1 3.0 

05CO-232 2.6 0.39 0.72 3.3 <0.02 <0.5 <0.5 3.0 <0.08 14.7 3.0 

05CO-233 2.5 0.57 1.2 5.0 <0.02 0.54 0.60 3.2 <0.08 20.8 3.8 

05CO-234 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.02 <0.5 0.60 <1.6 <0.08 1.8 4.7 

05CO-235 0.94 0.32 0.7 4.9 <0.02 <0.5 <0.5 6.1 0.50 11 3.9 

05CO-236 1.1 0.43 3.8 7.6 <0.02 <0.5 <0.5 9.5 0.80 25.7 2.1 

05CO-237 0.61 0.25 0.94 3.0 <0.02 <0.5 0.50 2.4 0.40 11.9 2 

28
Table 4. Sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, cadmium, copper, and zinc concentrations (dry weight) in 2005

invertebrate samples. 

 Sample No. 

Na 

percent 

K 

percent 

Mg 

μg/g

Ca 

μg/g

Cd 

μg/g

Cu 

μg/g

Zn 

μg/g

Blank 0.0 0.2 0.02 0.45 0.1 0.8 45

05CO103bug1 0.5 0.7 690 240 0.0 9.8 120

05CO103bug2 0.6 0.8 820 250 0.0 8.8 130

05CO103bug3 0.4 0.8 750 220 0.0 9.3 120

05CO103bug4 0.5 0.7 690 260 0.0 9.4 110

05CO103bug5 0.4 0.7 590 270 0.0 9.6 97

05CO103bug6 0.3 0.8 620 310 0.2 11 130

05CO103bug7 0.4 0.7 620 230 0.1 9.5 96

05CO103bug8 0.4 0.8 740 310 0.1 9.9 110

05CO103bug9 0.4 0.7 680 280 0.1 8.8 120

 

05CO106bug1 0.5 0.8 690 350 0.1 10 140

05CO106bug2 0.6 0.9 920 450 0.1 9.6 150

05CO106bug3 0.3 0.8 650 490 0.2 12 150

05CO106bug4 0.6 1.1 840 490 0.1 12 230

05CO106bug5 0.7 1.0 960 490 0.1 11 150

05CO106bug6 0.8 1.0 1,000 330 0.0 9.7 170

05CO106bug7 0.7 1.0 1,000 520 0.1 10 200

05CO106bug8 0.5 0.8 890 480 0.2 14 230

 

05CO107bug1 1.0 1.1 1,200 590 0.1 10 160

05CO107bug2 1.0 1.3 1,300 500 0.2 13 200

05CO107bug3 1.2 1.3 1,400 670 0.0 13 180

05CO107bug4 0.8 1.0 1,200 630 0.1 9.7 190

05CO107bug5 1.3 1.5 1,400 700 0.1 13 190

05CO107bug6 1.0 1.3 1,300 540 0.1 8.3 140

05CO107bug7 0.8 0.9 950 370 0.1 9.1 150

05CO107bug8 1.1 1.2 1,300 630 0.1 12 190

05CO107bug9 1.3 1.5 1,300 1,000 0.0 11 190

 

05CO112bug1 0.5 1.1 1,000 340 0.2 9.5 170

05CO112bug2 0.4 1.0 980 310 0.1 9.2 160

05CO112bug3 0.5 1.0 1,200 660 0.3 11 200

05CO112bug4 0.5 1.0 1,200 390 0.4 11 160

05CO112bug5 0.5 0.9 970 260 0.1 9.0 120

05CO112bug6 0.6 1.0 1,100 330 0.1 7.8 150

05CO112bug7 0.5 1.0 1,000 740 0.0 9.7 170

05CO112bug8 0.5 1.0 1,100 330 0.1 6.7 140

05CO112bug9 0.5 1.0 980 430 0.0 8.2 140

 

05CO115bug1 0.5 0.7 930 510 7.7 32 790

05CO115bug2 0.3 0.6 1,800 840 9.6 37 890

05CO115bug3 0.6 0.6 930 770 8.0 40 700

29
Table 4. Continued. Sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, cadmium, copper, and zinc concentrations (dry weight) 

in 2005 invertebrate samples. 

 Sample No. 

Na 

percent 

K 

percent 

Mg 

μg/g

Ca 

μg/g

Cd 

μg/g

Cu 

μg/g

Zn 

μg/g

05CO115bug4 0.4 0.7 1,400 840 6.6 33 580

05CO115bug5 0.5 0.6 1,600 710 6.7 26 650

05CO115bug6 0.5 0.6 1,300 730 7.9 29 620

05CO115bug7 0.4 0.7 1,600 790 9.4 36 730

05CO115bug8 0.5 0.7 1,100 600 7.8 37 800

05CO115bug9 0.3 0.5 900 530 6.6 380 510

 

05CO118bug1 0.4 0.7 790 460 4.4 20 240

05CO118bug2 0.4 0.7 1,500 880 4.8 21 250

05CO118bug3 0.5 0.8 1,200 660 4.4 19 250

05CO118bug4 0.6 0.7 750 530 3.1 18 210

05CO118bug5 0.5 0.8 1,100 600 4.7 27 280

05CO118bug6 0.4 0.8 2,000 950 4.0 19 220

05CO118bug7 0.6 0.9 2,000 1,200 6.7 23 390

05CO118bug8 0.3 0.7 1,000 570 4.5 23 250

 

05CO119bug1 0.4 0.7 1,300 930 9.1 27 400

05CO119bug2 0.4 0.7 1,400 850 9.6 28 410

05CO119bug3 0.3 0.6 730 420 9.5 20 410

05CO119bug4 0.6 0.9 1,600 850 10.0 26 390

05CO119bug5 0.3 0.5 780 430 6.2 23 310

05CO119bug6 0.4 0.7 1,000 500 9.6 22 460

05CO119bug7 0.4 0.7 1,000 480 7.4 31 400

05CO119bug8 0.4 0.6 710 510 7.2 27 380

05CO119bug9 0.5 0.7 970 830 5.5 26 320

 

05CO120bug1 0.7 0.7 1,300 1,300 2.6 27 290

05CO120bug2 0.3 0.4 850 600 3.8 17 370

05CO120bug3 0.4 0.5 1,600 930 3.8 24 470

05CO120bug4 0.4 0.7 960 570 4.9 29 510

05CO120bug5 0.5 0.7 970 560 4.1 28 390

05CO120bug6 0.3 0.6 1,600 960 3.4 25 430

05CO120bug7 0.3 0.5 1,400 970 4.7 29 510

05CO120bug8 0.4 0.6 1,400 830 3.7 20 370

05CO120bug9 0.6 0.7 1,200 1,400 3.8 25 330

 

05CO121bug1 0.6 0.7 1,500 700 2.4 13 330

05CO121bug2 0.7 0.7 1,500 1,000 0.4 0.0 120

05CO121bug3 0.7 0.6 640 550 0.4 0.0 59

05CO121bug4 0.4 0.5 830 910 2.9 29 460

05CO121bug5 0.6 0.7 640 500 1.5 0.0 200

05CO121bug6 0.7 0.7 630 540 0.8 0.0 140

30
Table 4. Continued. Sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, cadmium, copper, and zinc concentrations (dry weight) 

in 2005 invertebrate samples. 

 Sample No. 

Na 

percent 

K 

percent 

Mg 

μg/g

Ca 

μg/g

Cd 

μg/g

Cu 

μg/g

Zn 

μg/g

05CO121bug7 0.5 0.7 910 500 3.8 11 450

05CO121bug8 0.5 0.7 1,400 910 2.6 19 410

05CO121bug9 0.8 0.7 700 590 0.3 0.0 65

 

05CO122bug1 0.6 0.7 1,300 950 3.0 0.7 440

05CO122bug2 0.6 0.7 1,300 1,100 0.6 14 160

05CO122bug3 0.5 0.5 530 510 0.4 14 57

05CO122bug4 0.9 0.7 1,100 990 3.3 0.0 540

05CO122bug5 0.6 0.6 570 490 0.3 13 56

05CO122bug6 0.8 0.7 670 530 0.5 0.0 58

05CO122bug7 0.4 0.6 1,400 710 3.6 22 530

05CO122bug8 0.6 0.7 1,500 890 0.5 12 110

05CO122bug9 0.5 0.6 760 430 3.1 22 480

 

05CO123bug1 0.8 1.0 930 380 0.7 12 150

05CO123bug2 0.7 1.0 930 330 0.9 1.3 150

05CO123bug3 0.8 1.2 980 460 1.3 18 200

05CO123bug4 0.7 1.1 900 480 0.6 11 190

05CO123bug5 0.8 1.1 990 390 0.9 16 200

05CO123bug6 0.5 0.9 760 320 0.4 8.2 150

05CO123bug7 0.7 1.1 930 430 0.5 11 150

05CO123bug8 1.0 1.3 1,200 590 1.3 15 220

05CO123bug9 0.5 0.8 690 340 0.1 6.8 120

 

05CO127bug1 0.6 1.0 880 340 1.2 6.7 170

05CO127bug2 0.6 1.0 820 380 1.8 9.6 180

05CO127bug3 0.9 1.2 1,100 420 2.2 0.0 250

05CO127bug4 0.8 1.0 960 360 1.3 11 230

05CO127bug5 0.6 1.0 890 360 1.3 9.2 200

05CO127bug6 0.4 0.7 630 210 0.8 7.4 130

05CO127bug7 0.4 0.8 680 310 1.7 11 210

05CO127bug8 0.6 0.9 840 300 1.1 0.0 120

05CO127bug9 0.4 0.9 1,100 540 0.4 0.0 130

 

05CO129bug1 0.4 0.7 1,600 870 2.4 24 310

05CO129bug2 0.6 0.8 1,700 960 3.6 31 480

05CO129bug3 0.6 0.7 650 600 0.5 19 120

05CO129bug4 0.3 0.6 720 380 2.1 21 290

05CO129bug5 0.4 0.6 1,400 770 3.0 30 360

05CO129bug6 0.6 0.6 580 590 0.5 13 54

05CO129bug7 0.6 0.9 1,200 690 3.9 38 430

05CO129bug8 0.5 0.6 1,400 800 0.3 12 86

31
Table 4. Continued. Sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, cadmium, copper, and zinc concentrations (dry weight) 

in 2005 invertebrate samples. 

 Sample No. 

Na 

percent 

K 

percent 

Mg 

μg/g

Ca 

μg/g

Cd 

μg/g

Cu 

μg/g

Zn 

μg/g

05CO129bug9 0.5 0.6 690 560 2.4 27 320

 

05CO130bug1 0.5 0.7 820 500 5.2 40 660

05CO130bug2 0.7 0.7 1,400 840 0.4 14 110

05CO130bug3 0.6 0.7 1,400 780 0.7 15 130

05CO130bug4 0.3 0.6 1,400 540 3.4 22 460

05CO130bug5 0.8 0.7 720 540 0.3 18 53

05CO130bug6 0.6 0.8 960 1,100 3.4 41 470

05CO130bug7 0.5 0.7 1,600 710 1.7 24 260

05CO130bug8 0.3 0.7 1,300 700 4.7 34 540

05CO130bug9 0.5 0.7 1,600 910 0.4 15 93

 

05CO131bug1 0.4 0.7 1,700 1,200 5.8 22 450

05CO131bug2 0.5 0.8 1,300 870 10.0 36 1,100

05CO131bug3 0.4 0.6 1,200 520 9.5 25 1,200

05CO131bug4 0.4 0.7 1,100 670 13.0 26 1,300

05CO131bug5 0.8 0.8 1,200 910 6.4 38 720

05CO131bug6 0.4 0.7 1,800 920 10.0 27 1,300

05CO131bug7 0.6 0.8 1,600 1,100 5.2 17 440

05CO131bug8 0.3 0.6 1,700 860 8.5 25 1,200

05CO131bug9 0.5 0.7 1,000 550 11.0 29 1,200

 

05CO132bug1 0.5 0.6 1,600 870 7.4 26 670

05CO132bug2 0.6 0.7 1,600 830 4.0 25 310

05CO132bug3 0.5 0.6 1,300 920 9.4 34 770

05CO132bug4 0.5 0.7 1,600 980 8.7 26 650

05CO132bug5 0.6 0.7 1,600 850 1.2 14 130

05CO132bug6 0.4 0.7 1,600 880 5.5 25 520

05CO132bug7 0.5 0.7 1,800 950 5.8 27 500

05CO132bug8 0.7 0.6 1,500 6,300 4.0 30 550

05CO132bug9 0.4 0.7 1,500 970 7.2 31 650

 

05CO133bug2 0.6 0.7 710 540 7.4 18 510

05CO133bug3 0.6 0.7 1,600 890 14.0 16 1,300

05CO133bug4 0.5 0.7 1,400 890 1.1 13 150

05CO133bug5 0.4 0.7 1,400 850 22.0 19 1,500

05CO133bug6 0.4 0.7 1,800 830 15.0 13 1,000

05CO133bug7 0.7 0.7 1,100 640 15.0 39 1,300

05CO133bug8 0.0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0

05CO133bug9 0.4 0.6 950 600 21.0 22 1,700

 

05CO136bug2 0.6 1.1 820 380 0.2 13 140

32
Table 4. Continued. Sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, cadmium, copper, and zinc concentrations (dry weight) 

in 2005 invertebrate samples. 

 Sample No. 

Na 

percent 

K 

percent 

Mg 

μg/g

Ca 

μg/g

Cd 

μg/g

Cu 

μg/g

Zn 

μg/g

05CO136bug3 0.6 1.0 900 630 0.0 9.8 120

05CO136bug4 0.6 0.9 730 580 0.1 12 130

05CO136bug5 0.4 0.9 740 380 0.1 11 130

05CO136bug6 0.4 0.8 670 300 0.1 11 110

05CO136bug7 1.1 1.2 1,100 450 0.2 11 170

 

05CO137bug1 0.5 1.0 1,300 800 4.5 22 380

05CO137bug2 1.5 3.4 3,900 2,700 17.0 67 1,500

05CO137bug3 2.2 3.6 7,600 4,100 11.0 100 1,700

05CO137bug4 0.5 0.9 1,200 800 2.7 24 380

05CO137bug5 0.8 0.8 690 590 0.6 16 63

 

05CO138bug2 2.3 2.5 2,300 1,200 0.4 19 280

05CO138bug3 1.1 1.4 1,300 590 0.2 14 160

05CO138bug4 0.5 1.4 1,100 620 0.4 16 210

05CO138bug6 0.9 1.5 1,200 590 0.2 17 220

05CO138bug7 0.9 1.2 1,400 760 0.5 14 210

 

05CO140bug2 0.6 0.9 1,200 1,300 3.5 66 350

05CO140bug3 1.1 1.1 1,200 1,500 3.4 84 390

05CO140bug4 0.6 1.1 1,100 380 0.2 12 160

05CO140bug5 0.5 1.1 2,100 1,400 3.5 53 440

05CO140bug6 0.7 0.8 1,800 1,200 0.6 15 120

05CO140bug7 0.5 0.8 1,000 890 3.4 85 360

05CO140bug8 0.8 1.1 1,100 390 1.2 25 220

 

05CO143bug1 0.3 0.7 560 230 0.8 11 120

05CO143bug2 0.6 1.0 1,100 2,200 3.4 31 91

05CO143bug3 0.4 1.1 1,100 2,600 2.8 21 130

05CO143bug4 0.6 0.7 690 1,400 2.1 17 58

05CO143bug5 0.5 0.7 1,000 1,600 1.8 11 65

05CO143bug6 1.8 1.5 1,900 3,700 4.9 35 130

05CO143bug7 0.9 1.1 1,500 2,700 2.0 25 100

05CO143bug8 0.7 0.8 1,100 2,300 1.6 16 64

05CO143bug9 1.0 1.0 1,100 2,100 3.9 23 71

 

05CO152bug1 0.4 1.1 810 380 8.8 15 350

05CO152bug2 0.5 1.2 930 420 6.1 20 300

05CO152bug3 0.8 2.2 1,000 640 7.2 27 260

 

05CO153bug1 0.8 0.9 1,100 1,600 4.6 37 420

 

33
Table 4. Continued. Sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, cadmium, copper, and zinc concentrations (dry weight) 

in 2005 invertebrate samples. 

 Sample No. 

Na 

percent 

K 

percent 

Mg 

μg/g

Ca 

μg/g

Cd 

μg/g

Cu 

μg/g

Zn 

μg/g

05CO163bug1 0.6 1.1 940 390 0.9 51 280

05CO163bug2 0.6 1.2 1,100 420 1.8 48 380

05CO163bug3 0.7 1.1 870 1,000 1.7 68 270

05CO163bug4 1.0 1.2 1,000 500 1.7 77 360

05CO163bug5 0.8 1.3 920 500 3.1 120 420

05CO163bug6 0.6 1.0 850 350 1.3 48 230

05CO163bug7 0.8 1.1 980 340 1.8 62 480

 

05CO166bug2 0.6 0.9 1,200 1,300 2.7 26 270

 

05CO211bug1 0.9 1.0 1,000 640 0.3 12 180

05CO211bug2 0.3 0.6 490 200 0.1 8.4 89

05CO211bug3 0.4 0.7 810 1,100 0.2 9.6 150

05CO211bug4 0.5 0.8 620 270 0.4 11 130

05CO211bug5 0.4 0.8 600 290 0.3 9.2 140

05CO211bug6 0.4 0.9 640 390 0.2 7.0 100

05CO211bug7 0.3 0.6 450 280 0.1 8.8 92

05CO211bug8 0.4 0.8 670 340 0.8 14 150

05CO211bug9 0.4 0.8 690 350 0.4 12 140

 

05CO212bug1 1.0 0.9 900 910 3.7 27 150

05CO212bug2 0.9 0.9 790 640 2.5 19 85

05CO212bug3 0.7 0.8 1,500 900 0.7 17 110

05CO212bug4 0.6 0.7 720 700 1.0 21 84

05CO212bug5 0.6 0.3 570 540 1.2 10 81

05CO212bug6 0.3 0.5 450 240 0.3 18 110

05CO212bug7 0.5 0.9 750 340 0.2 9.3 140

05CO212bug8 0.3 0.5 450 230 0.2 13 110

05CO212bug9 0.4 0.9 650 380 0.3 8.6 120

 

05CO213bug1 0.5 0.7 2,000 1,400 0.9 25 360

05CO213bug2 0.4 0.8 2,100 1,000 0.5 22 370

05CO213bug3 1.1 1.1 1,200 780 0.2 23 110

05CO213bug4 1.0 0.9 1,000 690 1.0 23 230

05CO213bug5 0.5 1.0 2,000 1,300 1.3 26 460

05CO213bug6 0.8 0.9 780 700 0.0 13 90

05CO213bug7 0.5 0.7 1,800 1,200 0.0 14 110

05CO213bug8 0.4 0.7 1,400 1,300 0.4 20 320

05CO213bug9 0.8 1.1 2,500 1,500 0.0 17 140

 

05CO214bug1 0.6 1.2 890 540 0.6 14 180

05CO214bug2 0.5 1.0 880 550 0.9 15 150

34
Table 4. Continued. Sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, cadmium, copper, and zinc concentrations (dry weight) 

in 2005 invertebrate samples. 

 Sample No. 

Na 

percent 

K 

percent 

Mg 

μg/g

Ca 

μg/g

Cd 

μg/g

Cu 

μg/g

Zn 

μg/g

05CO214bug3 0.6 1.0 760 350 0.6 16 160

05CO214bug4 0.6 1.1 1,000 470 0.4 11 170

05CO214bug5 0.6 1.0 780 330 0.5 13 150

05CO214bug6 0.6 1.1 910 400 0.7 12 150

05CO214bug7 0.4 0.8 620 330 0.2 12 120

05CO214bug8 0.7 1.2 1,200 510 0.2 10 160

05CO214bug9 0.5 1.0 860 610 0.2 13 140

 

05CO215bug1 1.0 1.4 2,600 1,400 1.2 27 200

05CO215bug2 0.6 0.7 1,600 850 5.4 32 340

05CO215bug3 0.9 0.9 950 920 1.0 26 110

05CO215bug4 0.4 0.7 840 560 7.5 44 360

05CO215bug5 1.1 1.1 1,500 1,200 11.0 71 540

05CO215bug6 1.5 1.6 1,500 1,200 2.5 43 210

05CO215bug7 0.5 0.7 950 660 5.5 55 400

05CO215bug8 0.8 0.8 1,900 1,100 0.9 20 120

 

05CO216bug1 0.8 1.6 2,000 1,000 8.6 85 470

05CO216bug2 1.9 2.6 5,900 1,900 11.0 110 590

05CO216bug3 1.7 2.3 2,600 1,400 8.1 91 570

05CO216bug4 0.8 1.5 2,600 1,700 8.6 71 460

05CO216bug5 2.2 2.4 2,800 2,100 15.0 140 670

05CO216bug6 0.7 1.3 2,500 1,300 5.7 82 340

05CO216bug7 0.7 1.1 1,300 780 5.0 59 410

05CO216bug8 0.5 1.0 2,000 1,200 4.2 51 230

05CO216bug9 1.5 2.6 5,000 2,700 11.0 110 660

 

05CO219bug1 0.3 0.6 580 320 0.0 10 99

05CO219bug2 0.4 0.7 610 290 0.0 9.2 100

05CO219bug3 0.5 0.8 670 270 0.2 10 110

05CO219bug4 0.4 0.8 630 270 0.1 11 110

05CO219bug5 0.4 0.8 710 340 0.2 12 130

05CO219bug6 0.4 0.8 690 300 0.1 12 130

05CO219bug7 0.4 0.8 650 300 0.1 10 100

05CO219bug8 0.4 0.7 670 300 0.1 12 110

05CO219bug9 0.4 0.8 640 500 0.1 12 140

 

05CO222bug01 0.5 1.1 800 380 0.3 10 120

05CO222bug10 0.5 1.0 690 420 0.3 12 140

05CO222bug11 0.5 0.7 600 580 0.8 16 100

05CO222bug12 0.6 0.9 1,200 1,100 2.8 19 180

05CO222bug13 0.6 0.8 1,600 1,200 0.5 16 110

35
Table 4. Continued. Sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, cadmium, copper, and zinc concentrations (dry weight) 

in 2005 invertebrate samples. 

 Sample No. 

Na 

percent 

K 

percent 

Mg 

μg/g

Ca 

μg/g

Cd 

μg/g

Cu 

μg/g

Zn 

μg/g

05CO222bug14 0.6 0.7 1,500 980 0.1 10 93

05CO222bug15 0.6 0.8 660 800 0.4 16 62

05CO222bug17 0.6 0.8 1,200 1,900 1.1 24 120

05CO222bug18 0.5 0.9 1,000 1,500 1.4 31 120

05CO222bug19 0.9 0.9 1,100 2,000 1.3 33 120

05CO222bug02 0.7 1.2 1,100 430 0.4 15 150

05CO222bug03 0.4 0.8 590 280 0.4 13 120

05CO222bug04 0.7 1.3 1,000 420 0.6 17 190

05CO222bug05 0.4 0.9 710 370 0.2 10 120

05CO222bug06 0.7 1.2 1,000 500 0.5 15 150

05CO222bug07 0.5 0.9 630 330 0.3 31 140

05CO222bug08 0.6 1.1 820 340 0.3 9.9 140

05CO222bug09 0.7 1.1 970 460 0.5 12 160

 

05CO223bug1 0.4 0.6 840 510 3.2 24 300

05CO223bug2 0.8 0.6 690 720 0.2 16 69

05CO223bug3 0.7 0.8 760 820 4.5 32 400

05CO223bug4 0.6 0.6 1,500 950 0.6 13 95

05CO223bug5 0.6 0.6 660 670 0.6 16 71

05CO223bug6 0.6 0.6 1,500 920 0.5 11 89

05CO223bug7 0.3 0.3 1,600 950 0.4 13 90

 

05CO224bug1 0.4 1.1 1,000 740 2.9 38 260

05CO224bug2 0.5 1.1 1,100 950 1.9 25 130

05CO224bug3 0.7 0.8 1,700 1,100 0.6 17 110

05CO224bug4 0.7 0.7 1,500 780 0.8 26 130

05CO224bug5 0.8 1.0 880 780 1.8 33 220

05CO224bug6 0.5 0.7 920 1,100 0.8 32 97

05CO224bug7 0.5 0.6 590 590 1.2 26 140

05CO224bug8 1.0 1.3 2,500 1,600 1.6 55 240

 

05CO225bug1 1.3 1.0 1,900 1,500 6.8 92 380

05CO225bug2 0.9 1.2 1,700 1,700 6.0 78 300

05CO225bug3 1.2 1.5 3,000 1,700 2.9 31 250

05CO225bug4 0.7 0.7 1,500 1,000 0.4 13 90

05CO225bug5 1.2 1.2 1,200 1,300 2.6 42 220

05CO225bug6 4.0 3.5 4,600 5,500 19.0 180 1,400

05CO225bug7 0.9 0.9 1,100 770 3.6 69 270

05CO225bug8 1.8 1.6 2,300 1,700 5.0 110 320

05CO225bug9 1.8 3.0 3,500 3,100 8.9 160 540

 

05CO226bug01 0.3 1.1 1,000 340 0.2 9.4 150

36
Table 4. Continued. Sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, cadmium, copper, and zinc concentrations (dry weight) 

in 2005 invertebrate samples. 

 Sample No. 

Na 

percent 

K 

percent 

Mg 

μg/g

Ca 

μg/g

Cd 

μg/g

Cu 

μg/g

Zn 

μg/g

05CO226bug10 0.8 0.8 1,500 1,100 0.2 19 90

05CO226bug11 1.2 1.7 1,700 1,300 3.3 51 270

05CO226bug02 0.6 1.0 1,000 380 0.3 11 140

05CO226bug03 0.9 1.3 1,200 610 0.6 13 190

05CO226bug04 0.6 1.2 1,100 500 0.5 13 190

05CO226bug05 0.7 1.3 1,400 700 0.5 11 190

05CO226bug06 0.5 1.1 1,000 530 0.5 15 150

05CO226bug07 0.7 1.1 1,100 980 2.5 52 200

05CO226bug08 0.6 0.8 1,500 1,100 0.3 16 95

05CO226bug09 1.1 1.1 1,200 1,200 0.6 25 110

 

05CO227bug1 0.7 1.2 1,100 540 0.2 11 180

05CO227bug2 0.5 0.9 830 320 0.1 9.8 120

05CO227bug3 0.7 1.0 1,000 380 0.2 8.8 140

05CO227bug4 0.7 1.1 990 430 0.2 8.6 160

05CO227bug5 0.9 1.2 1,100 660 0.2 10 150

05CO227bug6 0.6 1.3 1,000 460 0.2 8.9 150

05CO227bug7 0.3 0.7 660 300 0.1 10 120

05CO227bug8 0.5 0.9 740 310 0.1 9.4 110

05CO227bug9 0.5 1.0 910 340 0.1 8.6 140

37