Federal Register / Vol. 69, No. 246 / Thursday, December 23, 2004 / Proposed Rules 76897

regulatory actions that are based on 

health or safety risks, such that the 

analysis required under section 5–501 of 

the Executive Order has the potential to 

influence the regulation. Today’s 

proposed rule amendments are not 

subject to Executive Order 13045 

because they are based on technology 

performance, not health or safety risks. 

Furthermore, the proposed rule 

amendments have been determined not 

to be ‘‘economically significant’’ as 

defined under Executive Order 12866. 

H. Executive Order 13211: Actions That 

Significantly Affect Energy Supply, 

Distribution, or Use 

The proposed rule amendments are 

not subject to Executive Order 13211 (66 

FR 28355, May 22, 2001) because they 

are not a significant regulatory action 

under Executive Order 12866. 

I. National Technology Transfer and 

Advancement Act 

Section 12(d) of the National 

Technology Transfer and Advancement 

Act of 1995 (NTTAA), Public Law No. 

104–113, 12(d) (15 U.S.C. 272 note), 

directs the EPA to use voluntary 

consensus standards in its regulatory 

activities unless to do so would be 

inconsistent with applicable law or 

otherwise impractical. Voluntary 

consensus standards are technical 

standards (e.g., materials specifications, 

test methods, sampling procedures, and 

business practices) that are developed or 

adopted by voluntary consensus 

standards bodies. The NTTAA directs 

the EPA to provide Congress, through 

OMB, explanations when the Agency 

decides not to use available and 

applicable voluntary consensus 

standards. 

No new standard requirements are 

cited in the proposed rule amendments. 

Therefore, the EPA is not proposing or 

adopting any voluntary consensus 

standards in the proposed rule 

amendments.

List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 63 

Environmental protection, 

Administrative practice and procedure, 

Air pollution control, Hazardous 

substances, Intergovernmental relations, 

Reporting and recordkeeping 

requirements.

Dated: December 16, 2004. 

Michael O. Leavitt, 

Administrator.

[FR Doc. 04–27991 Filed 12–22–04; 8:45 am] 

BILLING CODE 6560–50–P

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION 

AGENCY 

40 CFR Part 141

[FRL–7854–3] 

Notice of a Public Meeting To Discuss 

Research Related to the Stage 2 

Disinfectants and Disinfection 

Byproducts Rule

AGENCY: Environmental Protection 

Agency.

ACTION: Proposed rule; notice of a public 

meeting. 

SUMMARY: The Environmental Protection 

Agency (EPA) is holding a public 

meeting to discuss recent research 

related to the proposed Stage 2 

Disinfectants and Disinfection 

Byproducts Rule (DBPR).

DATES: The public meeting will be held 

from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m., Eastern time, on 

Tuesday, January 18, 2005.

ADDRESSES: The meeting will be held on 

the first floor of the East Building of 

EPA Headquarters in Room 1153. The 

address is EPA East, 1201 Constitution 

Ave., NW., Washington, DC.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: For 

general information about this meeting, 

contact Sarah Bahrman by phone at 

(202) 564–2335, by e-mail at 

bahrman.sarah@epa.gov, or by mail at: 

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 

Mail Code 4607M, 1200 Pennsylvania 

Ave., NW., Washington, DC 20460. For 

technical inquiries regarding the Stage 2 

Disinfectants and Disinfection 

Byproducts Rule, contact Tom Grubbs at 

(202) 564–5262, or by e-mail: 

grubbs.thomas@epa.gov.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The 

purpose of the public meeting is to 

discuss recent research related to the 

Stage 2 DBPR. EPA proposed the Stage 

2 DBPR on August 18, 2003 (68 FR 

49547) and is currently working on the 

final rule. The proposed Stage 2 DBPR 

was developed based on 

recommendations from a Federal 

Advisory Committee, which consisted 

of a broad range of stakeholders. EPA 

will build on this collaborative process 

by way of this public meeting. 

Research areas and examples of recent 

studies that the Agency plans to discuss 

at the meeting are listed at the end of 

this notice. This is not a comprehensive 

list of all recent disinfection byproduct 

research. A longer list of recent research 

can be found on the Agency’s Web site 

at http://www.epa.gov/safewater/stage2/

index.html. All copyrighted studies are 

available only in hard copy form and are 

accessible at the Water Docket in the 

EPA Docket Center, EPA/DC, EPA West, 

Room B102, 1301 Constitution Ave., 

NW., Washington, DC. The Public 

Reading Room is open from 8:30 a.m. to 

4:30 p.m., Monday through Friday, 

excluding legal holidays. The telephone 

number for the Public Reading Room is 

(202) 566–1744, and the telephone 

number for the Water Docket is (202) 

566–2426.

Attendees will have an opportunity to 

make oral remarks at specific points 

during the meeting. EPA also welcomes 

written remarks received by February 

17, 2005, which can be sent to Sarah 

Bahrman by e-mail or by mail at the 

address listed in the previous section. 

The main entrance to the building on 

Constitution Avenue is a short distance 

from the Federal Triangle Metro Station, 

which is located on 12th Street between 

Constitution and Pennsylvania Avenues 

and is served by the Blue and Orange 

Lines. Please note that attendees will be 

required to pass through security checks 

at the front desk and obtain a visitor’s 

badge. All attendees will need to 

present a photo I.D. The building is 

accessible to persons using wheelchairs 

or scooters. Any person needing special 

accommodations at this meeting, 

including wheelchair access, should 

contact Sarah Bahrman (contact 

information provided in the previous 

section) at least five business days 

before the meeting so that the Agency 

can make appropriate arrangements. 

Examples of Recent Research 

Reproductive and Developmental 

Epidemiology 

Cedergren, M.I., A.J. Selbing, O. Lofman, 

et al. 2002. Chlorination byproducts 

and nitrate in drinking water and risk 

for congenital cardiac defects. 

Environmental Research. 89(2): 124–

130

Dodds, L., W. King, A.C. Allen, B.A. 

Armson, D.B. Deshayne and C. 

Nimrod. 2004. Trihalomethanes in 

public water supplies and risk of 

stillbirth. Epidemiology. 15(2):179–

186

Fenster L., K. Waller, G. Windham, T. 

Henneman, M. Anderson, P. Mendola, 

J.W. Overstreet and S.H. Swan. 2003. 

Trihalomethane levels in home tap 

water and semen quality. 

Epidemiology. 14:650–658

Hwang B.F. and J.J.K. Jaakkola. 2003. 

Water chlorination and birth defects: 

A systematic review and metaanalysis. Archives of Environmental 

Health. 58(2):83–91

Infante-Rivard, C. 2004. Drinking water 

contaminants, gene polymorphisms, 

and fetal growth. Environmental 

Health Perspectives. 112(11):1213–

1216

76898 Federal Register / Vol. 69, No. 246 / Thursday, December 23, 2004 / Proposed Rules 

Shaw, G.M., D. Ranatunga, T. Quach, E. 

Neri, A. Correa and R.R. Neutra. 2003. 

Trihalomethane exposure from 

municipal water supplies and 

selected congenital malformations. 

Epidemiology. 14(2):191–199

Toledano, M.B., M.J. Nieuwenhuijsen, 

N. Best, H. Whitaker, P. Hambly, C. de 

Hoogh, J. Fawell, L. Jarup and P. 

Elliott. 2004. Relation of 

trihalomethane concentrations in 

public water supplies to stillbirth and 

birth weight in three water regions in 

England. Environmental Health 

Perspectives. In Press (Online 21 

October 2004) 

Wright J.M., J. Schwartz and D.W. 

Dockery. 2003. Effect of 

trihalomethane exposure on fetal 

development. Occup. Environ. Med. 

Mar;60(3):173–80

Wright, J.M., J. Schwartz and D.W. 

Dockery. 2004. The effect of 

disinfection by-products and 

mutagenic activity on birth weight 

and gestational duration. 

Environmental Health Perspectives. 

112(8):920–925

Yang, C.–Y. 2004. Drinking water 

chlorination and adverse birth 

outcomes in Taiwan. Toxicology. 

198(2004): 249–254

Reproductive and Developmental 

Toxicology 

Bielmeier, S.R., D.S. Best and M.G. 

Narotsky. 2004. Serum hormone 

characterization and exogenous 

hormone rescue of 

bromodichloromethane-induced 

pregnancy loss in the F344 rat. 

Toxicol. Sci. 77(1):101–108

Bodensteiner K.J., H.R. Sawyer, C.L. 

Moeller, C.M. Kane, K.-Y.F. Pau, G.R. 

Klinefelter and D.N.R. 

Veeramachaneni. 2004. Chronic 

exposure to dibromoacetic acid, a 

water disinfection byproduct, 

diminishes primordial follicle 

populations in the rabbit. 

Toxicological Sciences. 80(1):83–91

Goldman, J.M. and A.S. Murr. 2003. 

Dibromoacetic acid-induced 

elevations in circulating estradiol: 

effects in both cycling and 

ovariectomized/steroid-primed female 

rats. Reproductive Toxicology. 

17(5):585–592

Klinefelter, G.R., L.F. Strader, J.D. 

Suarez, N.L. Roberts, J.M. Goldman 

and A.S. Murr. 2004. Continuous 

exposure to dibromoacetic acid delays 

pubertal development and 

compromises sperm quality in the rat. 

Toxicological Sciences. 81(2):419–429

Klinefelter, G.R., L.F. Strader, J.D. 

Suarez and N.L. Roberts. 2002. 

Bromochloroacetic acid exerts 

qualitative effects on rat sperm: 

implications for a novel biomarker. 

Toxicological Sciences. 68:164–173

Tully, D.B., J.C. Luft, J.C. Rockett, H. 

Ren, J.E. Schmid, C.R. Wood and D.J. 

Dix. 2004. Reproductive and genomic 

effects in testes from mice exposed to 

the water disinfectant byproduct 

bromochloroacetic acid. Reproductive 

Toxicology. In Press (Online 2 

September 2004) 

Health Effects Reviews 

Graves, C.G., G.M. Matanoski and R.G. 

Tardiff. 2001. Weight of evidence for 

an association between adverse 

reproductive and developmental 

effects and exposure to disinfection 

by-products: a critical review. 

Regulatory Toxicology and 

Pharmacology. 34:103–124

Cancer Epidemiology 

Chevrier, C., B. Junod and S. Cordier. 

2004. Does ozonation of drinking 

water reduce the risk of bladder 

cancer? Epidemiology. 15(5):605–614

Goebell, P.J., C.M. Villanueva, A.W. 

Rettenmeier, et al. 2004. 

Environmental exposure, chlorinated 

drinking water, and bladder cancer. 

World Journal of Urology. 21(6):424–

432

Ranmuthugala, G., L. Pilotto, W. Smith, 

T. Vimalasiri, K. Dear and R. Douglas. 

2003. Chlorinated drinking water and 

micronuclei in urinary bladder 

epithelial cells. Epidemiology. 

14(5):617–622

Villanueva, C., M. Kogevinas and J. 

Grimalt. 2001. Chlorination of 

drinking water in Spain and bladder 

cancer. Gac Sanit. 15(1):48–53

Villanueva, C.M., K.P. Cantor, S. 

Cordier, J.J.K. Jaakkola, W.D. King, 

C.F. Lynch, S. Porru and M. 

Kogevinas. 2004. Disinfection 

byproducts and bladder cancer a 

pooled analysis. Epidemiology. 

15(3):357–367

Cancer and Other Toxicology 

Echigo, S., S. Itoh, T. Natsui, T. Araki 

and R. Ando. 2004. Contribution of 

brominated organic disinfection byproducts to the mutagenicity of 

drinking water. Water Sci Technol. 

50(5):321–8

George, M.H., G.R. Olson, D. Doerfler, et 

al. 2002. Carcinogenicity of 

bromodichloromethane administered 

in drinking water to male F344/N rats 

and B6C3F(1) mice. International 

Journal of Toxicology. 21(3):219–230

Geter, D.R., M.H. George, T.M. Moore, et 

al. 2004. Vehicle and mode of 

administration effects on the 

induction of aberrant crypt foci in the 

colons of male F344/N rats exposed to 

bromodichloromethane. Journal of 

Toxicology and Environmental 

Health—Part A. 67(1):23–29

Hooth, M.J., K.S. McDorman, S.D. 

Hester, M.H. George, L.R. Brooks, A.E. 

Swank and D.C. Wolf. 2002. The 

carcinogenic response of Tsc2 mutant 

Long-Evans (Eker) rats to a mixture of 

drinking water disinfection byproducts was less than additive. 

Toxicol Sci. 69(2):322–31

McDorman, K.S., M.J. Hooth, T.B. Starr 

and D.C. Wolf. 2003. Analysis of 

preneoplastic and neoplastic renal 

lesions in Tsc2 mutant Long-Evans 

(Eker) rats following exposure to a 

mixture of drinking water disinfection 

byproducts. Toxicology. 187(1):1–12

McDorman, K.S., S. Chandra, M.J. 

Hooth, S.D. Hester, R. Schoonhoven 

and D.C. Wolf. 2003. Induction of 

transitional cell hyperplasia in the 

urinary bladder and aberrant crypt 

foci in the colon of rats treated with 

individual and a mixture of drinking 

water disinfection by-products. 

Toxicol Pathol. 31(2):235–242

Minear, R.A. and M.J. Plewa. 2003. 

Comparative genotoxicity assessment 

of DBPs in drinking water. Denver, 

Colo.: AwwaRF 

Moser, V.C., P.M. Phillips, A.B. Levine, 

K.L. McDaniel, R.C. Sills, B.S. Jortner 

and M.T. Butt. 2004. Neurotoxicity 

produced by dibromoacetic acid in 

drinking water of rats. Toxicological 

Sciences. 79(1):112–122

Pereira, M.A., W. Wang, P.M. Kramer 

and L. Tao. 2004. Prevention by 

Methionine of Dichloroacetic Acid 

Induced Liver Cancer and DNA 

Hypomethylation in Mice. 

Toxicological Sciences. 77(2):243–248

Pereira, M.A., P.M. Kramer, P.B. Conran 

and L.H. Tao. 2001. Effect of 

chloroform on dichloroacetic acid and 

trichloroacetic acid-induced 

hypomethylation and expression of 

the c-myc gene and on their 

promotion of liver and kidney tumors 

in mice. Carcinogenesis. 22(9):1511–

1519

Plewa, M.J., E.D. Wagner, S.D. 

Richardson, A.D. Thruston Jr., Y.-T. 

Woo and A.B. McKague. 2004. 

Chemical and biological 

characterization of newly discovered 

iodo-acid drinking water disinfection 

by-products. Environmental Science & 

Technology. 38(18): 4713–4722

Plewa, M.J., S.D. Richardson and P. 

Jazwierska. 2004. Halonitromethane 

drinking water disinfection 

byproducts: chemical characterization 

and mammailian cell cytotoxicity and 

genotoxicity. Environmental Science 

& Technology. 38(1): 62–68

Poon, R., I. Chu, G. LeBel, A. Yagminas 

and V.E. Valli. 2003. Effects of 

dibromoacetonitrile on rats following 

Federal Register / Vol. 69, No. 246 / Thursday, December 23, 2004 / Proposed Rules 76899

13-week drinking water exposure. 

Food Chem Toxicol. 41(8):1051–61

Sehata, S., T. Maejima, M. Watanabe, S. 

Ogata, T. Makino, K. Tanaka, S. 

Manabe and M. Takaoka. 2002. 

Twenty-six-Week carcinogenicity 

study of chloroform in CB6F1 rasH2-

transgenic mice. Toxicol Pathol. 

30(3):328–38

Torti, V.R., A.J. Cobb, V.A. Wong, et al. 

2002. Induction of micronuclei in 

wild-type and p53(+/-) transgenic 

mice by inhaled 

bromodichloromethane. Mutation 

Research-Genetic Toxicology and 

Environmental Mutagenesis. 520(1–

2):171–178

Cessation Lag 

Brennan, P., O. Bogillot, S. Cordier, E. 

Greiser, W. Schill, P. Vineis, G. 

Lopez-Abente, A. Tzonou, J. ChangClaude, U. Bolm-Audorff, K.H. Jockel, 

F. Donato, C. Serra, J. Wahrendorf, M. 

Hours, A. T’Mannetje, M. Kogevinas 

and P. Boffetta. 2000. Cigarette 

smoking and bladder cancer in men: 

a pooled analysis of 11 case-control 

studies. International Journal of 

Cancer. 86(2):289–294

Brennan, P., O. Bogillot, E. Greiser, J. 

Chang-Claude, J. Wahrendorf, S. 

Cordier, K.H. Jockel, G. Lopez-Abente, 

A. Tzonou, P. Vineis, F. Donato, M. 

Hours, C. Serra, U. Bolm-Audorff, W. 

Schill, M. Kogevinas and P. Boffetta. 

2001. The contribution of cigarette 

smoking to bladder cancer in women 

(pooled European data). Cancer 

Causes and Controls. 12(5):411–417

Hartge, P., D. Silverman, R. Hoove, C. 

Schairer, R. Altman, D. Austin, K. 

Cantor, M. Child, C. Key and L.D. 

Marrett. 1987. Changing cigarette 

habits and bladder cancer risk: a casecontrol study. J Natl Cancer Inst. 

78(6):1119–1125

Zeegers, M.P., R.A. Goldbohm and P.A. 

van den Brandt. 2002. A prospective 

study on active and environmental 

tobacco smoking and bladder cancer 

risk (The Netherlands). Cancer Causes 

Control. 13(1):83–90

Exposure Routes 

Miles, A.M., P.C. Singer, D.L. Ashley, 

M.C. Lynberg, P. Mendola, P.H. 

Langlois and J.R. Nuckols. 2002. 

Comparison of Trihalomethanes in 

Tap Water and Blood. Environ. Sci. 

Technology. 36(8):1692–1698

Formation of Disinfection Byproducts 

and Occurrence Studies 

Bichsel, Y. and D. von Gunten. 2000. 

Formation of iodo-trihalomethanes 

during disinfection and oxidation of 

iodide-containing waters. Environ. 

Sci. Technol. 34:2784–2791

Cancho, B., F. Ventura, M. Galceran, A. 

Diaz and S. Ricart. 2000. 

Determination, synthesis and survey 

of iodinated trihalomethanes in water 

treatment processes. Wat. Res. 

34(13):3380–3390

Chellam, S. and S.W. Krasner. 2001. 

Disinfection byproduct relationships 

and speciation in chlorinated 

nanofiltered waters. Environmental 

Science & Technology. 35(19):3988–

3999

Choi, J. and R.L. Valentine. 2002. A 

kinetic model of Nnitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) 

formation during water chlorination/

chloramination. Journal of Water 

Science and Technology. 46(3):65–71

Choi, J. and R.L. Valentine. 2002. 

Formation of N-nitrosodimethylamine 

(NDMA) from reaction of 

monochloramine: a new disinfection 

by-product. Water Research. 

36(4):817–824

Choi, J., S.E. Duirk and R.L. Valentine. 

2002. Mechanistic studies of Nnitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) 

formation in chlorinated drinking 

water. Journal of Environmental 

Monitoring. 4(2):249–252

Choi, J. and R.L. Valentine. 2003. Nnitrosodimethylamine formation by 

free-chlorine-enhanced nitrosation of 

dimethylamine. Environmental 

Science & Technology. 37(21):4871–

4876

Gerecke, A.C. and D.L. Sedlak. 2003. 

Precursors of N-nitrosodimethylamine 

in natural waters. Environ. Sci. 

Technol. 37(7):1331–1336

Mitch, W.A. and D.L. Sedlak. 2002. 

Formation of N-nitrosodimethylamine 

(NDMA) from dimethylamine during 

chlorination. Environmental Science 

& Technology. 36(4):588–595

Richardson, S.D., A.D. Thruston, Jr., C. 

Rav-Acha, L. Groisman, I. Popilevsky, 

O. Juraev, V. Glezer, A.B. McKague, 

M.J. Plewa and E.D. Wagner. 2003. 

Tribrompyrrole, brominated acids, 

and other disinfection byproducs 

produced by disinfection of drinking 

water rich in bromide. Environmental 

Science & Technology. 37(17):3782–

3793

Singer, P.C., H.S. Weinberg, K. Brophy, 

L. Liang, M. Roberts, I. Grisstede, S. 

Krasner, H. Baribeau, H. Arora, and I. 

Najm. 2002. Relative dominance of 

haloacetic acids and trihalomethanes 

in treated drinking water. Denver, 

Colo.: AwwaRF 

Speitel, G.E., P.G. Pope, M.R. Collins, 

and M. Martin-Doole. Disinfection byproduct formation and control during 

chloramination. Denver, Colo.: 

AwwaRF 

Von Gunten, U. 2003. Ozonation of 

drinkingwater: Part II. Disinfection 

and by-product formation in presence 

of bromide, iodide or chlorine. Water 

Research. 37:1469–1487

Weinberg, H.S., S.W. Krasner, S.D. 

Richardson and A.D. Thruston, Jr. 

2002. The Occurrence of Disinfection 

By-Products (DBPs) of Health Concern 

in Drinking Water: Results of a 

Nationwide DBP Occurrence Study, 

U.S. Environmental Protection 

Agency, National Exposure Research 

Laboratory, Athens, GA. EPA/600/R–

02/068. http://www.epa.gov/athens/

publications/ EPA600R02068.pdf

Westerhoff, P. and H. Mash. 2002. 

Dissolved organic nitrogen in 

drinking water supplies: a review. 

Journal of Water Supply Research and 

Technology-Aqua. 51(8):415–448

Dated: December 17, 2004. 

Clare Donaher, 

Acting Director, Office of Ground Water and 

Drinking Water.

[FR Doc. 04–28094 Filed 12–22–04; 8:45 am] 

BILLING CODE 6560–50–P