Prepared in cooperation with 

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 

Sequential Extraction Results and Mineralogy of 

Mine Waste and Stream Sediments Associated with 

Metal Mines in Vermont, Maine, and New Zealand 

By N. M. Piatak, R. R. Seal II, R.F. Sanzolone, P. J. Lamothe, Z. A. Brown, and M. Adams 

Open-File Report 2007–1063 

U.S. Department of the Interior 

U.S. Geological Survey 
U.S. Department of the Interior 

Dirk Kempthorne, Secretary 

U.S. Geological Survey 

Mark Myers, Director 

U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia 2007 

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Piatak, N.M., Seal, R.R., II, Sanzolone, R.F., Lamothe, P.J., Brown, Z.A. Adams, M., 2007, 


Sequential Extraction Results and Mineralogy of Mine Waste and Stream Sediments 


Associated with Metal Mines in Vermont, Maine, and New Zealand: U.S. Geological Survey 


Open-File Report 2007-1063, 34 p. 


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ii 
Contents 

Contents ....................................................................................................................................................................... iii
 

Figures.......................................................................................................................................................................... iii
 

Tables ........................................................................................................................................................................... iv
 

Abstract......................................................................................................................................................................... 1
 

Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................. 1
 

Methods ........................................................................................................................................................................ 6
 

Mineralogy................................................................................................................................................................ 6
 

Sequential Extractions............................................................................................................................................ 7
 

Results........................................................................................................................................................................... 9
 

Mineralogy................................................................................................................................................................ 9
 

Sequential Extractions.......................................................................................................................................... 10
 

Acknowledgments .................................................................................................................................................... 12
 

References Cited....................................................................................................................................................... 13
 

Appendix 1. ................................................................................................................................................................. 16
 

Appendix 2.. ................................................................................................................................................................ 21
 

Appendix 3.. ................................................................................................................................................................ 23
 

Figures 

Figure 1. Locations of samples from the Elizabeth Mine. The north toe of TP1 has been regraded 


to a less steep slope, and stream-sediment samples were collected after regrading.................................. 2
 

Figure 3. Locations of samples from the Pike Hill Copper Mines. Modified from Piatak and others 


Figure 5. Schematic of sequential extraction procedure. After extract step 5, half of sample was
 

digested and analyzed by ICP-MS and HG-AAS and the other half was treated in step 6. Because 


of the potential volatilization of sulfide and selenides in step 6, element concentrations in extract 


6 were calculated from the difference between the concentration in the residue from step 5 and 


Figure 6. Calculated iron (Fe) and calcium (Ca) totals from extractions versus total from untreated 


Figure 7. Calculated arsenic (As), copper (Cu), selenium (Se), and zinc (Zn) totals from extractions 


versus total from untreated samples. Calculated totals are the sum of an element in extracts 1, 2, 


3, 4, and 5 and in the residue after step 5. Zero was used for concentrations less than the 


detection limit. The black line represents a 1:1 correlation and the red dashed lines represent the 


Figure 2. Locations of samples from the Ely Copper Mine. Modified from Piatak and others (2004). ........ 3
 

(2006c); original base map from White and Eric (1944). ....................................................................................... 4
 

Figure 4. Location of sample from the Callahan Mine. Modified from MACTEC (2006)................................. 6
 

that in residue from step 6. ........................................................................................................................................ 8
 

samples. Calculated totals are the sum of an element in extracts 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 and in the 


residue after step 5. Zero was used for concentrations less than the detection limit. The black 


line represents a 1:1 correlation and the red dashed lines represent the analytical uncertainty of 


± 10%. .......................................................................................................................................................................... 11
 

analytical uncertainty of ± 10%. ............................................................................................................................. 12
 

iii 
Tables 

Table 1. Sample descriptions.................................................................................................................................... 5
 

Conversion Factors 

SI to Inch/Pound 

Multiply By To obtain 

Length 

centimeter (cm) 

millimeter (mm) 

meter (m) 

kilometer (km) 

meter (m) 

0.3937

0.03937 

3.281 

0.6214 

1.094 

 inch (in.) 

inch (in.) 

foot (ft) 

mile (mi) 

yard (yd) 

liter (L) 33.82 ounce, fluid (fl. oz) 

liter (L) 2.113 pint (pt) 

liter (L) 1.057 quart (qt) 

liter (L) 0.2642 gallon (gal) 

Mass 

gram (g) 

kilogram (kg) 

0.03527 

2.205 

ounce, avoirdupois (oz) 

pound avoirdupois (lb) 

Temperature in degrees Celsius (°C) may be converted to degrees Fahrenheit (°F) as follows: 

°F=(1.8×°C)+32 

iv 
Sequential Extraction Results and Mineralogy of 

Mine Waste and Stream Sediments Associated with 

Metal Mines in Vermont, Maine, and New Zealand 

By N. M. Piatak1, R. R. Seal II1, R.F. Sanzolone2, P. J. Lamothe2, Z. A. Brown2, and M. Adams2 

Abstract 

We report results from sequential extraction experiments and the quantitative mineralogy 

for samples of stream sediments and mine wastes collected from metal mines. Samples were 

from the Elizabeth, Ely Copper, and Pike Hill Copper mines in Vermont, the Callahan Mine in 

Maine, and the Martha Mine in New Zealand. The extraction technique targeted the following 

operationally defined fractions and solid-phase forms: (1) soluble, adsorbed, and exchangeable 

fractions; (2) carbonates; (3) organic material; (4) amorphous iron- and aluminum-hydroxides 

and crystalline manganese-oxides; (5) crystalline iron-oxides; (6) sulfides and selenides; and (7) 

residual material. For most elements, the sum of an element from all extractions steps correlated 

well with the original unleached concentration. Also, the quantitative mineralogy of the original 

material compared to that of the residues from two extraction steps gave insight into the 

effectiveness of reagents at dissolving targeted phases. The data are presented here with minimal 

interpretation or discussion and further analyses and interpretation will be presented elsewhere. 

Introduction 

Sequential partial dissolutions were used to characterize the distribution of elements in 

stream sediments, mine wastes, and flotation-mill tailings from several metal mines. The 

procedure was developed to extract metals associated with operationally defined solid phases to 

provide insight into speciation and possible bioavailability. This study was prompted by 

concerns about the potential environmental impact of elevated selenium concentrations in stream 

sediments raised by the preliminary Baseline Ecological Risk Assessment (BERA) at the 

Elizabeth Mine in Vermont. Additional samples from elsewhere in the Vermont copper belt and 

beyond were selected for comparison purposes. The distribution of selenium in extraction 

fractions and implications with respect to potential bioavailability were discussed by Piatak and 

others (2006a; 2006b). This report presents the results of the major and trace elements in 

unleached samples and in extracts and residues from the dissolutions. Also, quantitative 

mineralogy of the original samples and several residues was included. 

Samples were collected from the Elizabeth (fig. 1), Ely Copper (fig. 2), and Pike Hill 

Copper (fig. 3) mines, all Superfund sites in the Vermont copper belt, and include stream 

sediments, oxidized mine waste, and flotation-mill tailings (table 1). These deposits, mined 

primarily for copper and zinc, are Besshi-type massive sulfide deposits composed of pyrrhotite, 

1

 U.S. Geological Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr., Reston, VA 20192 

2

 U.S. Geological Survey, Denver Federal Center, Denver, CO 80225 

1
 
chalcopyrite, and minor sphalerite and pyrite (Slack and others, 2001). Fine-grained flotationmill tailings from the Callahan Mine, a Superfund site in Brooksville, Me., were also collected 

(table 1 and fig. 4). This mine exploited a Kuroko-type massive sulfide deposit that contained 

bodies of pyrite, sphalerite, and chalcopyrite that were mined for zinc, copper, lead, and gold 

(Bouley and Hodder, 1984). Flotation-mill tailings were also examined from the Martha Mine in 

Waihi, New Zealand, which is an epithermal gold-silver deposit (Castendyk and others, 2005) 

(table 1). 

Figure 1. Locations of samples from the Elizabeth Mine. The north toe of TP1 has been regraded 

to a less steep slope, and stream-sediment samples were collected after regrading. 

2
 
Figure 2. Locations of samples from the Ely Copper Mine. Modified from Piatak and others (2004). 

3
 
Figure 3. Locations of samples from the Pike Hill Copper Mines. Modified from Piatak and others 

(2006c); original base map from White and Eric (1944). 

4
 
Table 1. Sample descriptions 

Sample ID Extract ID Mine Type Locations Soil Color Latitude Longitude Date 

Blank A - Blank Blank - - - - 

EMV-SED­ B Elizabeth Stream Copperas Brook below weir at sediment Brownish 43.82814 -72.32739 June- LOC05 sediment basin outlet. yellow 05 EMV-SED­ C Elizabeth Stream Copperas Brook below weir at sediment Brownish 43.82814 -72.32739 June- LOC05-Dup1 sediment basin outlet. Duplicate. yellow 05 EMV-SED­ D Elizabeth Stream Copperas Brook below flume at mouth. Strong brown 43.83129 -72.32686 June- LOC06 sediment 05 

EMV-SED-04 E Elizabeth Stream Copperas Brook upstream of flume at Strong brown 43.83112 -72.32710 June- 

sediment mouth. 05 

EMV-SED-06 F Elizabeth Stream Copperas Brook down-gradient of decant Strong brown 43.82814 -72.32730 June- 

sediment and sediment basin drainage confluence. 05 

EMV-SED-701 G Elizabeth Stream Copperas Brook at confluence with decant Dark yellowish 43.82903 -72.32760 June- 

sediment diversion. brown 05 

EMV-SED-702 H Elizabeth Stream Copperas Brook downstream of confluence Strong brown 43.83050 -72.32746 June- 

sediment with decant diversion. 05 

Ely-SD-09 I Ely Copper Stream Ely Brook downstream of culvert, upstream Strong brown 43.91873 -72.28652 Dec-1­ 

sediment of confluence with Schoolhouse Brook 05 

1139830-SD J Pike Hill Stream Pike Hill Brook above Richardson Road at Strong brown 44.06389 -72.30194 Aug-2­ 

Copper sediment weir. 05 

04Smith3 K Pike Hill Mine waste Lowermost mine-waste dump below main Olive yellow 44.05464 -72.30517 Oct- 

Copper adit at the Smith mine. 19-04 

CLHN-TP-2 L Callahan Tailings Fine-grained tailings from tailings pile near Light gray 44.34306 -68.80556 Jul-19­ 

edge of wetlands. 04 

Blank M - Blank Blank - - - - 

EMV-SED­ N Elizabeth Stream Copperas Brook below weir at sediment Brownish 43.82814 -72.32739 June- 

LOC05-Dup2 sediment basin outlet. Duplicate. yellow 05 TP1-S-unox O Elizabeth Tailings Unoxidized sulfidic tailings from pile 1 Very dark gray 43.82332 -72.32990 Jul-20­ 

(TP1) near base of TP2. Collected at depth. 04 

TP1-S-unox-Dup P Elizabeth Tailings Unoxidized sulfidic tailings from TP1 near Very dark gray 43.82332 -72.32990 Jul-20­ 

base of TP2 collected at depth. Duplicate. 04 

TP1-S-ox Q Elizabeth Tailings Oxidized tailings from surface of TP1 near Yellowish 43.82332 -72.32990 Jul-20­ 

base of TP2. brown 04 

02TP3A R Elizabeth Mine waste TP3 yellow waste pile below road. Yellow 43.82139 -72.33611 Oct- 

10-02 

02TP3C S Elizabeth Mine waste TP3 roasted waste pile below road. Yellowish red 43.82056 -72.33639 Oct- 

10-02 

02Ely2A T Ely Copper Mine waste Upper mine waste pile. Reddish 43.92756 -72.28572 Oct-8­ 

yellow 02 

02Ely10A U Ely Copper Mine waste Roast beds. Red 43.92389 -72.28556 Oct-8­ 

02 

04PKHL9 V Pike Hill Mine waste Partly burnt mine waste from above the Yellowish 44.06258 -72.30519 Oct- 

Copper mine road. brown 20-04 

04PKHL11 W Pike Hill Mine waste Large mine-waste dump below the mine Yellow 44.06353 -72.30511 Oct- 

Copper access road. 20-04 

NZ-Newmont-A X Martha Tailings Fine-grained tailing from tailings pile. Light gray - 175.84292 Dec- 

37.38592 16-05 

5
 
Figure 4. Location of sample from the Callahan Mine. Modified from MACTEC (2006). 

Methods 

Mineralogy 

Minerals were identified by powder X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). Diffraction 

patterns were collected using a Scintag X1 automated powder diffractometer equipped with a 

Peltier detector with CuKα radiation. The XRD patterns were analyzed using Material Data 

Inc.’s JADE software and standard reference patterns. Relative amounts of phases were 

estimated using the Siroquant computer program, which utilizes the full XRD profile in a 

Rietveld refinement (Taylor and Clapp, 1992). The analytical uncertainty of the Siroquant 

results is approximately ± 5 wt. %. The colors of the samples, given in table 1, were determined 

using soil color charts (Munsell Soil Color Charts, 1994). 

6
 
Sequential Extractions 

Seven-step sequential extractions were done on nineteen mine-waste and streamsediment samples, on three duplicates, and on two blanks (table 1). One blank was used for 

analytical calibration purposes (Extract ID ‘A’ in table 1). Samples were either grab or 

composites. Most composites consisted of a minimum of 30 sample increments sampled over a 

measured area divided into a stratified grid. One stream-sediment composite (Ely-SD-09) 

consisted of three increments from different depositional areas in the stream. Samples were airdried, sieved to <2 mm (or <180 μm for sample 1139830-SD, stream sediment from Pike Hill), 

and homogenized (table 1). After digestion by a mixture of HCl-HNO3-HClO4-HF, a split of the 

original untreated sample was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICPMS) to determine the major- and trace-element composition (Briggs and Meier, 2002). A split of 

the original untreated sample was also analyzed by hydride-generation atomic absorption 

spectrometry (HG-AAS) to determine the concentration of Se after the sample was digested with 

a mixture of HNO3-HF-HClO4 (Hageman and others, 2002). Residues remaining after extraction 

steps 5 and 6 were analyzed after digestion by ICP-MS and HG-AAS. Extraction solutes were 

analyzed by ICP-MS (Lamothe and others, 2002). The analyses were done in U.S. Geological 

Survey (USGS) laboratories in Denver, Colo. The accuracy of both methods was approximately 

±10%. 

The distribution of elements determined by sequential extractions were operationally 

defined by the reagents used, the reaction times, temperatures, and solid-to-extraction solution 

ratio for each step. No single reagent, time, and temperature combination could be applied to all 

sample types to recover a given phase; extractions were matrix-dependent. This extraction 

procedure also attempted to differentiate the amorphous (step 4) versus crystalline (step 5) ironoxide and iron-hydroxide phases. There is a gradation from amorphous to cryptocrystalline to 

crystalline iron-oxides and hydroxides; Hall and others (1996a) discussed the subtleties in 

differentiating among the phases depending on reagent strength. Additional complicating factors 

included the possibility that occluded grains might persist past their designated dissolution step 

or factors such as grain size, mineralogy, or solid solution may affect the reactivity of phases. 

The sequential extraction procedure used in this study is outlined below and illustrated in figure 

5. The procedure was a combination of methods developed by Chao (1972), Chao and 

Sanzolone (1977; 1989), Chao and Zhou (1983), Chester and Hughes (1967), Hall and others 

(1996a, b), and Kulp and Pratt (2004). The hypothetically targeted species in each step are given 

in italics. 

•	 Step 1: (soluble, adsorbed, and exchangeable fraction) Combine 1.0 g of sample with 25 mL 

0.1 M KH2

PO4, agitate for 2 hours at 25oC. Centrifuge for 10 minutes (15,000 rpm, Sorvall 

RC2-B refrigerated supercentrifuge), decant extract and dilute with deionized water (DIW) to 

50 mL. Add 500 μL concentrated ultrapure HNO3. Analyze extract by ICP-MS (Extract 1). 

•	 Step 2: (carbonates) Combine residue with 25 mL 15% acetic acid, agitate for 2 hours, 

centrifuge, decant, fill to 50 mL volume with DIW. Analyze extract by ICP-MS (Extract 2). 

•	 Step 3: (organic material) Combine residue with 25 mL 0.1 M sodium pyrophosphate and 

agitate for 1 hour. Centrifuge and decant. Add another 25 mL 0.1 M sodium pyrophosphate 

to residue, agitate for 1 hour, centrifuge, decant, add to first split and bring to 50 mL volume 

with DIW. Analyze extract by ICP-MS (Extract 3). 

7
 
Figure 5. Schematic of sequential extraction procedure. After extract step 5, half of sample was 

digested and analyzed by ICP-MS and HG-AAS and the other half was treated in step 6. Because 

of the potential volatilization of sulfide and selenides in step 6, element concentrations in extract 

6 were calculated from the difference between the concentration in the residue from step 5 and 

that in residue from step 6. 

•	 Step 4: (amorphous iron- and aluminum-hydroxides and amorphous and crystalline 

manganese-oxides) Mix residue with 25 mL 0.25 M NH2OH·HCl (hydroxylamine 

hydrochloride)- 0.10 M HCl for 30 minutes in a water bath at 50-54oC. Stir occasionally. 

Centrifuge, decant and fill to 50 mL with DIW. Add 500 μL concentrated ultrapure HNO3 

and analyze by ICP-MS (Extract 4). 

8
 
•	 Step 5: (crystalline iron-oxides) Combine residue with 20 mL 1.0 M NH2

OH·HCl in 25% 

acetic acid. Cap and shake. Place in boiling water (~90o C) bath for 3 hours uncapped, mix 

occasionally. Centrifuge and decant. Rinse residue with 10 mL 25% acetic acid, by handshaking and then centrifuge and decant into first split. Carry out a second leach with 20 mL 

1.0 M NH2

OH·HCl in 25% acetic acid but heat in boiling water bath for 1.5 hours. Mix 

occasionally. Centrifuge and decant into first split. Fill to 50 mL with DIW. Analyze 

extract by ICP-MS (Extract 5). 

•	 Residue 5: (sulfides and selenides and residual material) Dry residue at approximately 100°F 

(~38°C) and then disaggregate to homogenize. Split residue in half. Digest half of sample 

with mixture of concentrated acids and analyze by ICP-MS and HG-AAS (Residue 5). Treat 

other half of residue in next step. 

•	 Step 6: (sulfides and selenides- acid volatile phases volatilized; step may potentially attack 

surfaces, corners, or edges of silicate minerals) Add 0.5 g of KClO3 to residue and mix. 

Slowly add 10 mL concentrated HCl and mix. Let sit for 45 minutes with occasional gentle 

shaking. Add 10 mL of DIW, mix, centrifuge, and discard. To the residue, add 10 mL 4 N 

HNO3

 and heat in boiling water bath for 20 minutes, centrifuge, and discard. Add 10 mL 

DIW, shake and centrifuge for 10 minutes, also discard. Because some sulfide and selenides 

may be volatilized, calculate step 6 fraction by subtracting element concentration in residue 

from step 5 from concentrations in residue from step 6 (Residue 5 – Residue 6). 

•	 Step 7: (residual material) Dry residue at approximately 100°F (~38°C). Digest sample with 

mixture of concentrated acids and analyze by ICP-MS and HG-AAS (Residue 6). 

Results 

Mineralogy 

The quantitative mineralogy of the original unleached samples and residues after 

extraction steps 5 (residue 5) and 6 (residue 6) are given in Appendix 1. The relative amounts of 

phases in each sample in weight percent (wt. %) were for the crystalline part of the sample only. 

The percentages of phases in the residues were normalized with respect to weight loss due to the 

dissolution of the various phases during the previous extraction steps. This measured weight loss 

in weight percent is given in Appendix 1. The detection limit for XRD was on the order of a few 

weight percent and therefore phases present in trace amounts were likely below reliable 

detection. 

Most samples primarily were composed of silicates including quartz, feldspar (albite, 

anorthite, labradorite, microcline, orthoclase), hornblende, mica (muscovite), chlorite, and clay 

(kaolin, vermiculite, and vermiculite-type mixed layer clay). The mineralogy of the residues 

suggested that most of these silicates were resistant to the extraction reagents. The exceptions 

were several clay minerals such as vermiculite and the vermiculite-type mixed layer clay and, in 

some cases, hornblende. The vermiculite-type mixed layer clay had an intense broad peak at a 

spacing of approximately 11.5 to 12.0 Å, which was assigned to sepiolite by the XRD phase 

matching software. Sepiolite commonly forms in shallow seas and lakes and is not likely to be 

found in mine waste so this peak was likely from a hydrous altered biotite (Poppe and others, 

2001). According to Rebertus and others (1986), biotite weathers to interstratified biotitevermiculite (hydrobiotite); thus this low angle peak may have been the result of varying degrees 

of biotite alteration. 

9
 
The only sample that contained significant carbonate was the tailings from the Callahan 

Mine (CLHN-TP-2) having nearly 20 wt. % calcite. The second step using acetic acid aimed at 

dissolving carbonate minerals such as calcite [CaCO3] and dolomite [CaMg(CO3)2] (Kulp and 

Pratt, 2004). The residue remaining after step 5 did not contain detectable calcite; dissolution of 

calcite had taken place between steps 1 and 5. 

Step 4 of the extraction procedure targeted amorphous iron- and aluminum-hydroxides 

and amorphous and crystalline manganese-oxides (Chao, 1972; Chao and Zhou, 1983; Hall and 

others, 1996a). No crystalline manganese-oxide phases were detected by XRD. The crystalline 

Fe-oxide and Fe-hydroxysulfate minerals found in these samples included goethite [FeOOH], 

hematite [Fe2O3], and jarosite [K2Fe6(SO4)4(OH)12]. Chester and Hughes (1967) reported the 

dissolution of crystalline iron-oxide minerals (goethite and hematite) using the reagents in step 5. 

Only partial dissolution of jarosite was expected based on a study by Filipek and Theobald 

(1981). Based on the mineralogy of residue 5, the reagents in steps 1 through 5 did not generally 

digest hematite and only partially digested goethite and jarosite (Appendix 1). 

Several samples contained minor to trace amounts of sulfides. The reagents used in step 

6 of the extraction procedure should have oxidized, possibly volatilized, and decomposed 

sulfides and selenides (Chao and Sanzolone, 1977). Nearly all of the estimated 15 wt. % 

pyrrhotite in the unoxidized tailings from Elizabeth (TP1-S-unox) was digested after step 6. 

Pyrite was present in few weight percent for several samples and was broken down by reagents 

in step 6. 

Sequential Extractions 

The concentrations of elements in unleached samples are given in Appendix 2. The 

concentrations of elements in extracts from steps 1 through 5 and in residues after steps 5 and 6 

are given in Appendix 3. The amounts of an element extracted from the solid were calculated 

from the extract concentration and solid-to-extraction solution ratio. The difference between the 

step 5 residue and the step 6 residue concentrations was the amount of an element extracted by 

step 6 solvents (selenide/sulfide fraction; see figure 5). Direct measurement of element 

concentrations in extract solution 6 was not used because some sulfides and selenides may have 

been volatilized by the acids utilized in step 6. 

The sum of the concentrations of an element leached from the solids in steps 1 through 5 

plus the residue after step 5 (calculated total) should be equal to the original total element 

concentration of the solid (bulk total). The calculated total from the extractions generally 

correlated with the original unleached concentration for most of the major elements. Figure 6 

shows these correlations for iron and calcium with the bulk total shown on the x-axis and the 

calculated total shown on the y-axis. As shown, many values plot within the ± 10% analytical 

uncertainty associated with the ICP-MS. The stream sediment from the Pike Hill Copper Mine is 

anomalous in figure 6. For calcium, the sum of extractions 1 through 5 plus residue 5 falls 

within an acceptable range; but for nearly all samples, the concentration in residue 6 was higher 

than in the original sample (not shown). Therefore, the data for residue 6 for calcium were 

considered invalid and extract steps 6 and 7 were grouped together (sulfide/selenide and residual 

fractions). This was also applied to magnesium and manganese because a significant amount of 

samples contained higher concentrations of these elements in the final residue (residue 6) 

compared to the unleached sample. A reagent that contained sodium was used in step 3 so 

concentrations in extracts after this step were not examined. The concentrations of sodium in 

extracts 1 and 2 were at or below the detection limit for all samples except the tailings from the 

Martha Mine. Most aluminum was higher in the summed concentrations compared to the bulk 

10
 
concentration and for nearly all the samples the concentration in residue 6 was higher than in the 

original. This suggests one of the reagents may have been contaminated with aluminum. 

Figure 6. Calculated iron (Fe) and calcium (Ca) totals from extractions versus total from untreated 

samples. Calculated totals are the sum of an element in extracts 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 and in the 

residue after step 5. Zero was used for concentrations less than the detection limit. The black 

line represents a 1:1 correlation and the red dashed lines represent the analytical uncertainty of 

± 10%. 

The calculated totals for trace elements generally correlated with concentrations in the 

unleached sample. In figure 7, the concentrations of arsenic, copper, selenium, and zinc for most 

samples fall within the ± 10% ICP-MS and HG-AAS analytical uncertainties. As with iron and 

calcium, the Pike Hill stream sediment is anomalous for copper and zinc. The results of the 

sequential extraction on other trace elements such as cadmium, cobalt, lead, and nickel also were 

reasonable because calculated totals generally correlated with the original bulk concentrations. 

Based on these comparisons, the validity of the data from the extractions was assessed. For most 

elements, the extraction results were within the acceptable range of error. Future reports will 

interpret the results of the sequential extractions in more detail. 

11
 
Figure 7. Calculated arsenic (As), copper (Cu), selenium (Se), and zinc (Zn) totals from extractions 

versus total from untreated samples. Calculated totals are the sum of an element in extracts 1, 2, 

3, 4, and 5 and in the residue after step 5. Zero was used for concentrations less than the 

detection limit. The black line represents a 1:1 correlation and the red dashed lines represent the 

analytical uncertainty of ± 10%. 

Acknowledgments 

The authors would like to thank Ed Hathaway, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 

and Scott Acone, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, for facilitating this project. The study was 

funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency as part of the remedial investigation that is 

being implemented through an interagency agreement with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers 

and by the Mineral Resources Program of the U.S. Geological Survey. The authors are grateful 

to Jeff Mauk from The University of Auckland for providing the sample from the Martha Mine. 

We also thank Jason Clere, Kate McDonald, and Frederik Schuele from the URS Corporation for 

providing stream-sediment samples from the Elizabeth and Ely mines. Jane Hammarstrom, John 

Jackson, and Tim Muzik from the U.S. Geological Survey helped collect and characterize several 

samples from the mines in Vermont. The manuscript benefited from reviews by Avery Drake, 

Ed Hathaway, and Jane Hammarstrom. 

12
 
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Survey Open-File Report 02-0223, http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/ofr-02-0223/. 

Hall, G.E.M., Vaive, J.E., Beer, R., and Hoashi, M., 1996a, Selective leaches revisited, with 

emphasis on the amorphous Fe oxyhydroxide phase extraction: Journal of Geochemical 

Exploration, v. 56, p. 59-78. 

Hall, G.E.M., Vaive, J.E., and MacLaurin, A.I., 1996b, Analytical aspects of the application of 

sodium pyrophosphate reagent in the specific extraction of the labile organic component of 

humus and soils: Journal of Geochemical Exploration, v. 56, p. 23-36. 

13
 
Kulp, T.R., and Pratt, L.M., 2004, Speciation and weathering of selenium in Upper Cretaceous 

chalk and shale from South Dakota and Wyoming, USA: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 

v. 68, p. 3687-3701. 

Lamothe, P.J., Meier, A.L., and Wilson, S., 2002, The determination of forty-four elements in 

aqueous samples in inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, in Taggart, J.E., Jr., eds., 

Analytical methods for chemical analysis of geologic and other materials: U.S. Geological 

Survey Open-File Report 02-0223, http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/ofr-02-0223/. 

MACTEC Engineering and Consulting, Inc. (MACTEC), 2006, Final work plan for Remedial 

Investigation/Feasiblity Study, Callahan Mining Superfund Site, Brooksville, Maine: 

unpublished report prepared for Maine Department of Transportation, MACTEC Project 

3612052031. 

Munsell Soil Color Charts, 1994, Munsell Color, Gretag-Macbeth, New Windsor, NY, 1994 

revised edition. 

Piatak, N.M., Hammarstrom, J.M., Seal, R.R., II, Briggs, P.H., Meier, A.L., Muzik, T.L., and 

Jackson, J.C., 2004, Geochemical characterization of mine waste at the Ely copper mine 

Superfund site, Orange County, Vermont: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004­

1248, http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1248/. 

Piatak, N.M., Seal, R.R., II, Sanzolone, R.F., Lamothe, P.J., and Brown, Z.A., 2006a, 

Distribution of selenium in mine waste and stream sediments associated with abandoned basemetal mines based on sequential extraction experiments: Geological Society of America, 

Abstracts with Programs, v. 38, no. 7, p. 424. 

Piatak, N.M., Seal, R.R., II, Sanzolone, R.F., Lamothe, P.J., and Brown, Z.A., 2006b, 

Preliminary results of sequential extraction experiments for selenium on mine waste and 

stream sediments from Vermont, Maine, and New Zealand: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File 

Report 2006-1184, http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1184/of2006-1184.pdf. 

Piatak, N.M., Seal, R.R., II, Hammarstrom, J.M., Kiah, R.G., Deacon, J.R., Adams, M., 

Anthony, M.W., Briggs, P.H., and Jackson, J.C., 2006c, Geochemical characterization of mine 

waste, mine drainage, and stream sediments at the Pike Hill Copper Mine Superfund Site, 

Orange County, Vermont: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5303. 

Poppe, L.J., Paskevich, V.F., Hathaway, J.C., Blackwood, D.S., 2001, A laboratory manual for 

X-ray powder diffraction: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 01-041, 

http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/of01-041/index.htm. 

Rebertus, R.A., Weed, S.B., and Buol, S.W., 1986, Transformations of biotite and kaolinite 

during saprolite-soil weathering: Soil Science of America Journal, v. 50, p. 810-819. 

Slack, J.F., Offield, T.W., Woodruff, L.G., and Shanks, W.C., III, 2001, Geology and 

geochemistry of Besshi-type massive sulfide deposits of the Vermont copper belt: Society of 

Economic Geologists Guidebook Series, v. 35, p. 193-211. 

14
 
Taylor, J.C., and Clapp, R.A., 1992, New features and advanced applications of Siroquant: A 

personal computer XRD full profile quantitative analysis software package: Advances in X-ray 

Analysis, v. 35, p. 49-55. 

White, W.S., and Eric, J.H., 1944, Preliminary report; geology of Orange County copper district, 

Vermont: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 44-0019. 

15
 
Appendix 1. Estimates of mineral abundances in original unleached samples and in residues 

steps 5 and 6 normalized with respect to measured weight loss. Values given in weight perce

['-', not determined or not applicable] 

Sample ID EMV-SED­ EMV-SED­ EMV-SED­ EMV-SED­ EMV-SED­ EMV-SED­ EMV-SED­ EMV-SED­ EMV-SED­ EMV­ EM

LOC05 LOC05 LOC05 LOC05 LOC05 LOC05 LOC06 LOC06 LOC06 SED-04 SED

Extract ID B, C, N B B B, C, N C C D D D E 

Sample split original residue 5 residue 6 original residue 5 residue 6 original residue 5 residue 6 original resiWeight loss - 19.0 37.6 - 19.6 37.9 - 7.2 16.3 - 7

Albite 13.4 12.6 12.2 13.4 - 10.5 7.7 9.5 10.5 9.4 9

Anorthite 1.6 0.5 5.2 1.6 - 9.3 5.8 0.0 0.0 5.1 4Augite - - - - - - - - - - 

Calcite - - - - - - - - - - Chalcopyrite - - - - - - - - - - 

Chlorite 4.1 5.5 2.4 4.1 - 3.1 2.4 3.7 1.8 2.9 0

Copiapite - - - - - - - - - - 

Goethite 5.8 1.9 1.2 5.8 - 0.6 - - - - 

Gypsum - - - - - - - - - - 

Hematite - - - - - - - - - - 

Hornblende 9.4 0.0 2.7 9.4 - 2.4 0.9 1.9 0.4 3.1 0Jarosite 8.6 2.7 1.2 8.6 - 1.0 - - - - Kaolin 0.0 - - 0.0 - - 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.0 0

Labradorite - - - - - - - - - - 

Lepidocrocite 0.0 - - 0.0 - - - - - - 

Melanterite - - - - - - - - - - 

Microcline - - - - - - - - - - 

Muscovite 3.9 1.6 7.7 3.9 - 7.7 3.6 3.8 2.9 3.2 4

Orthoclase - - - - - - - - - - 

Pyrite - - - - - - - - - - 

Pyrrhotite - - - - - - - - - - 

Quartz 50.3 54.7 29.6 50.3 - 25.7 76.4 73.8 68.0 69.2 72

Rozenite - - - - - - - - - - 

Rutile - - - - - - - - - - 

Sepiolite1 0.0 - - 0.0 - - 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.4 0

Sphalerite - - - - - - - - - - 

Talc 1.9 1.5 0.0 1.9 - 1.7 - - - - 

Vermiculite 1.1 0.0 0.0 1.1 - 0.0 2.6 0.0 0.0 6.7 0

Chi-square2 4.2 3.6 3.5 4.2 - 4.1 4.3 3.7 4.2 6.0 3

16
 
Appendix 1. Estimates of mineral abundances in original unleached samples and in residues 

steps 5 and 6 normalized with respect to measured weight loss. Values given in weight perce

['-', not determined or not applicable] 

Sample ID EMV-SED­ EMV-SED­ EMV-SED­ EMV-SED­ EMV-SED­ EMV-SED­ EMV-SED­ EMV-SED­ Ely-SD-09 Ely-SD-09 E

06 06 701 701 701 702 702 702 

Extract ID F F G G G H H H I I 

Sample split residue 5 residue 6 original residue 5 residue 6 original residue 5 residue 6 original residue 5 r

Weight loss 7.9 16.1 - 7.5 12.7 - 6.6 13.8 - 17.3 Albite 6.9 7.0 7.3 14.2 10.9 9.7 10.3 6.3 16.7 16.7 

Anorthite 2.3 3.3 4.1 1.7 0.0 4.4 0.8 2.5 6.5 0.4 

Augite - - - - - - - - - - 

Calcite - - - - - - - - - - 

Chalcopyrite - - - - - - - - - - Chlorite 6.6 4.5 2.5 3.6 3.6 5.0 9.0 2.6 4.8 3.7 

Copiapite - - - - - - - - - - 

Goethite - - - - - - - - 4.7 5.6 

Gypsum - - - - - - - - - - 

Hematite - - - - - - - - - - 

Hornblende 0.9 0.0 2.4 0.0 0.0 2.2 2.1 1.6 5.5 0.0 

Jarosite - - - - - - - - 4.4 0.6 

Kaolin - - 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.2 - - - - 

Labradorite - - - - - - - - - - 

Lepidocrocite - - - - - - - - - - 

Melanterite - - - - - - - - - - 

Microcline - - - - - - - - - - 

Muscovite 6.4 5.5 5.3 3.1 1.9 6.3 3.0 3.8 10.9 13.1 

Orthoclase - - - - - - - - - - 

Pyrite - - - - - - - - - - 

Pyrrhotite - - - - - - - - - - 

Quartz 68.9 63.6 76.2 69.9 70.7 68.1 68.2 69.3 43.4 42.4 

Rozenite - - - - - - - - - - 

Rutile - - - - - - - - - - 

Sepiolite 0.0 0.0 1.3 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.1 0.0 3.0 0.1 

Sphalerite - - - - - - - - - - 

Talc - - - - - - - - - - 

Vermiculite 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.0 0.0 3.4 0.0 0.0 - 0.0 Chi-square2 4.2 4.2 4.6 4.3 3.8 5.1 4.3 3.6 4.3 3.9 

17
 
Appendix 1. Estimates of mineral abundances in original unleached samples and in residues 

steps 5 and 6 normalized with respect to measured weight loss. Values given in weight perce

['-', not determined or not applicable] 

Sample ID 1139830­ 1139830­ 04Smith3 04Smith3 04Smith3 CLHN-TP­ CLHN-TP­ CLHN-TP­ EMV-SED­ EMV-SED­ EMV-SED­ 

SD SD 2 2 2 LOC05 LOC05 LOC05 

Extract ID J J K K K L L L B, C, N N N 

Sample split residue 5 residue 6 original residue 5 residue 6 original residue 5 residue 6 original residue 5 residue 6 

Weight loss 19.6 41.4 - 28.5 55.6 - 17.0 27.7 - 16.0 35.3 

Albite 5.9 5.8 8.6 2.9 2.8 - - - 13.4 12.6 13.7 

Anorthite 2.8 6.7 0.0 - - - - - 1.6 0.8 1.6 

Augite - - - - - - - - - - - 

Calcite 0.0 - 0.0 - - 19.4 0.0 0.0 - - - 

Chalcopyrite 1.0 0.0 0.1 - - - - - - - - 

Chlorite 0.0 - 4.9 8.7 7.3 27.2 24.4 22.3 4.1 3.4 4.4 

Copiapite - - 0.4 - - - - - - - - 

Goethite 6.9 4.2 12.6 8.9 0.8 - - - 5.8 2.8 1.2 

Gypsum - - 0.3 - - - - - - - - 

Hematite - - - - - - - - - - - 

Hornblende 0.0 3.2 0.0 - - - - - 9.4 0.0 0.5 

Jarosite 0.0 - 12.5 1.4 0.7 - - - 8.6 2.9 1.6 

Kaolin 1.1 0.6 1.6 0.8 0.5 - - - 0.0 - - 

Labradorite - - 9.9 12.2 13.7 - - - - - - 

Lepidocrocite - - 1.0 1.2 0.3 - - - 0.0 - - 

Melanterite - - 0.8 - - - - - - - - 

Microcline - - - - - - - - - - - 

Muscovite 10.6 5.9 7.4 11.6 5.6 7.0 12.1 9.3 3.9 3.2 5.8 

Orthoclase - - - - - - - - - - - 

Pyrite - - 1.4 1.5 0.0 3.0 2.9 0.1 - - - 

Pyrrhotite - - 0.0 - - - - - - - - 

Quartz 52.1 32.0 29.5 21.3 11.5 18.3 19.0 15.3 50.3 56.9 33.8 

Rozenite - - 0.0 - - - - - - - - 

Rutile - - 1.0 0.8 1.1 - - - - - - 

Sepiolite - - 7.6 0.1 0.0 - - - 0.0 - - Sphalerite - - 0.1 - - 2.3 2.6 2.2 - - - 

Talc - - - - - 22.8 22.0 23.0 1.9 1.4 2.2 

Vermiculite 0.0 0.0 - - - - - - 1.1 0.0 0.0 

Chi-square2 3.1 3.7 4.2 3.3 3.0 5.2 5.4 6.7 4.2 3.4 3.6 

18
 
Appendix 1. Estimates of mineral abundances in original unleached samples and in residues 

steps 5 and 6 normalized with respect to measured weight loss. Values given in weight perce

['-', not determined or not applicable] 

Sample ID TP1-S­ TP1-S­ TP1-S­ TP1-S­ TP1-S-ox TP1-S-ox TP1-S-ox 02TP3A 02TP3A 02TP3A 02TP3C 02T

unox unox unox unox 

Extract ID O O, P P P Q Q Q R R R S S 

Sample split residue 6 original residue 5 residue 6 original residue 5 residue 6 original residue 5 residue 6 original resid

Weight loss 33.3 - 8.5 34.6 - 7.1 18.5 - 22.0 44.1 - 8

Albite 11.7 8.3 9.7 15.0 14.7 14.1 11.5 23.0 31.3 24.4 16.9 9

Anorthite 4.8 11.8 10.2 3.7 7.0 0.8 4.2 13.7 0.1 4.6 3.4 0Augite - - - - - - - - - - - 

Calcite - - - - - - - - - - - 

Chalcopyrite - - - - - - - 0.8 0.5 0.1 0.2 0

Chlorite 3.5 4.3 2.3 2.4 3.8 1.9 2.6 0.3 1.0 0.9 1.2 1Copiapite - - - - - - - - - - - 

Goethite - - - - 5.2 3.0 0.0 10.7 10.4 1.3 10.8 2

Gypsum - - - - - - - 2.0 0.5 0.0 0.5 0

Hematite - - - - - - - 0.0 - - 23.3 21

Hornblende - - - - 0.0 - - 0.0 4.1 0.6 0.0 0

Jarosite - - - - 3.4 0.0 0.7 19.4 6.1 3.6 3.3 0

Kaolin - - - - - - - 0.0 - - 0.0 

Labradorite - - - - - - - - - - - 

Lepidocrocite - - - - - - - - - - - 

Melanterite - - - - - - - 0.0 - - 0.3 Microcline - - - - - - - - - - - 

Muscovite 12.9 22.3 19.2 14.0 17.6 12.3 12.4 2.2 2.7 2.7 10.6 10Orthoclase - - - - - - - - - - - 

Pyrite 0.1 5.5 6.1 0.3 - - - 0.0 - - 0.3 1

Pyrrhotite 2.6 14.6 10.4 1.7 - - - 0.0 - - 0.0 

Quartz 30.8 32.9 33.3 28.1 46.3 59.4 50.1 19.5 15.9 12.5 23.1 43

Rozenite - - - - - - - 0.0 - - 0.0 

Rutile - - - - - - - - - - - 

Sepiolite - - - - 1.4 0.1 0.0 - - - - Sphalerite 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.1 - - - 3.1 1.4 0.6 0.3 0

Talc 0.0 0.0 - 0.0 0.7 1.5 0.0 5.1 4.1 4.4 5.6 0

Vermiculite - - - - - - - - - - - 

Chi-square2 4.4 5.0 3.7 3.8 4.3 3.8 3.8 5.6 4.1 4.0 4.3 3

19
 
Appendix 1. Estimates of mineral abundances in original unleached samples and in residues 

steps 5 and 6 normalized with respect to measured weight loss. Values given in weight perce

['-', not determined or not applicable] 

Sample ID 02Ely2A 02Ely2A 02Ely10A 02Ely10A 02Ely10A 04PKHL9 04PKHL9 04PKHL9 04PKHL11 04PKHL11 04PKHL11 NZ­ 

Newmon

A 

Extract ID T T U U U V V V W W W X 

Sample split residue 5 residue 6 original residue 5 residue 6 original residue 5 residue 6 original residue 5 residue 6 original 

Weight loss 19.8 39.9 - 15.6 33.7 - 18.9 39.4 - 22.6 48.9 - 

Albite 17.2 14.4 6.2 10.6 8.7 2.2 3.0 1.9 4.5 4.3 3.9 - 

Anorthite 6.7 5.6 5.5 8.0 3.0 0.9 0.7 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 7.2 

Augite - - - - - - - - - - - 2.3 

Calcite - - - - - 0.8 1.0 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.4 - 

Chalcopyrite 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.6 0.0 1.8 0.7 0.2 1.8 0.7 0.0 - 

Chlorite 3.0 1.2 4.1 3.4 1.9 0.6 4.3 2.2 0.0 - - 3.8 

Copiapite - - - - - 0.2 - - 0.6 - - - 

Goethite 4.7 0.1 5.5 4.3 2.1 27.3 16.3 11.3 8.7 6.0 1.7 - 

Gypsum 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 2.4 1.5 0.0 3.0 2.2 0.0 - 

Hematite - - 10.6 14.3 12.8 6.8 7.5 5.1 - - - - 

Hornblende 2.5 0.0 12.3 0.3 4.5 4.6 1.6 0.0 0.4 0.1 0.0 - 

Jarosite 2.9 0.6 9.2 1.7 1.2 7.5 2.8 0.7 13.6 3.4 1.2 - 

Kaolin - - 0.0 - - 2.3 2.9 1.3 2.1 1.5 0.3 - 

Labradorite - - - - - 0.0 2.3 2.0 7.8 11.0 7.6 - 

Lepidocrocite - - - - - 0.0 - - 0.0 - - - 

Melanterite - - 1.1 - - 0.0 - - 0.2 - - - 

Microcline - - - - - - - - - - - 4.4 

Muscovite 14.7 12.3 9.1 13.7 8.2 3.6 8.4 6.1 8.8 6.7 6.2 - Orthoclase - - - - - - - - - - - 13.2 

Pyrite - - 0.0 - - 0.0 - - 0.1 - - 2.7 

Pyrrhotite - - 0.0 - - 0.0 - - 0.0 - - - 

Quartz 28.2 25.7 33.3 27.4 23.9 33.0 27.8 29.2 38.2 41.1 29.7 66.4 

Rozenite - - 0.0 - - 0.0 - - 0.0 - - - 

Rutile - - - - - 0.0 - - 0.1 - - - Sepiolite 0.1 0.2 2.4 0.1 0.1 5.0 0.1 0.1 9.4 0.1 0.1 - 

Sphalerite - - 0.0 - - 0.8 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 - 

Talc - - 0.0 - - - - - - - - - 

Vermiculite - - - - - - - - - - - - 

Chi-square2 3.5 4.2 3.9 3.4 3.6 4.8 3.2 2.9 4.1 3.0 4.4 3.7 

1 Phase identified by JADE software but likely a vermiculite-type mixed layer clay. 
2 Chi-square is a computed statistical residual to measure the fit of refinement. Chi-square = 1 for perfect correspondence between least

observed data. Values below 6 are considered reasonable fits for these complex mine wastes due to systematic errors and imperfect phy

20 
Appendix 2. Concentration of elements in mg/kg for samples used in sequential extractions. 

Sample ID Extract ID Ag1 Al As Ba Be Bi Ca Cd Ce Co Cr Cs Cu Fe Ga K EMV-SEDLOC05 B, C, N <2 41,700 4.9 153 0.87 0.8 10,400 0.53 12.6 21.3 52.5 1.6 568 160,000 9.6 12,

EMV-SEDLOC05-D B, C, N (duplicate) <2 38,800 4.9 139 1.4 0.82 9,750 0.42 11.6 19.3 53.4 1.6 519 165,000 9.3 12,

EMV-SEDLOC06 D <2 36,700 <1 178 1.5 0.14 9,330 0.08 19.3 7.6 49.5 2.3 277 45,000 8.4 6,7

EMV-SED-04 E <2 38,500 <1 170 1.6 0.15 10,400 0.32 20.7 12.6 48.3 2.4 297 44,900 8.6 6,1

EMV-SED-06 F <2 37,200 <1 158 1.6 0.11 11,400 0.05 20.3 8.3 45 2 188 41,200 8 6,1

EMV-SED701 G <2 33,000 <1 144 1.5 0.08 9,430 0.08 16.4 7.7 41 1.9 97 30,500 7.2 5,0

EMV-SED702 H <2 39,900 <1 188 1.5 0.13 11,100 0.27 20.6 9 47.2 2.4 214 46,000 9 7,5

Ely-SD-09 I 3.6 42,600 <1 208 1.2 2.24 10,300 0.38 15.9 15.2 68.1 1.8 2,840 162,000 12.4 10,

1139830-SD J 5.8 27,700 17.8 152 1 2.92 9,100 5.5 10.4 50.3 30.3 1 6,940 208,000 9.1 7,8

04Smith3 K 6.4 28,400 <1 175 1.1 2.71 5,250 0.16 9.8 30.1 28.2 0.84 1,480 234,000 12.2 11,

CLHN-TP-2 L 5.5 51,700 48.5 163 0.89 19 53,900 36.6 19.3 4.7 31.4 2.7 2,350 36,100 28.5 7,4

TP1-S-unox O, P <2 62,400 8.5 158 0.78 1.16 10,600 21.4 23.8 344 132 4.9 635 158,000 14.4 16,

TP1-S ox Q <2 50,100 3.3 158 0.94 0.7 9,070 0.18 6.6 27.3 69.8 1.4 86 79,300 13.3 13,

02TP3A R 5 34,200 6.7 27.2 0.2 2.51 5,700 0.32 1.2 4.8 71.4 2.1 2,000 157,000 9.5 9,5

02TP3C S 11.5 37,000 20.1 37.2 0.26 6.86 3,580 1.1 1.5 40.2 70.9 1 1,160 246,000 11.2 10,

02Ely2A T 4.4 47,000 <1 237 1.2 2.61 11,200 0.48 16.2 18.9 68.3 2.3 2,500 174,000 14.1 14,

02Ely10A U 15.4 39,200 1.6 192 0.86 9.46 9,080 1.1 15.1 35.6 77.9 2.2 1,970 205,000 11 11,04PKHL9 V 25.4 16,600 6.5 177 0.53 7.76 4,410 2.2 8.6 91.7 20.7 1 10,300 237,000 6.3 9,4

04PKHL11 W 9.1 28,300 2.6 197 1 6.26 9,640 0.72 9 42.6 28.2 1.1 8,140 215,000 11.9 14,

NZ-NewmontA X 17.8 51,400 41.5 465 1.3 0.06 4,260 0.28 16.4 10.8 108 9.2 102 26,800 9.6 31,

21
 
Appendix 2. Concentration of elements in mg/kg for samples used in sequential extractions.-

Sample ID Mn Mo Na Nb Ni P Pb Rb Sb Sc Se Sr Th Ti Tl U V Y ZEMV-SED­ 521 9.3 13,300 2.4 12.3 286 29.2 36.6 0.1 8.1 12 94.8 2.19 1,640 0.41 0.58 76.7 8 2LOC05 EMV-SED­ 433 9.2 12,300 2.4 12.3 292 27.8 37.5 0.1 7.6 14 91.6 2.21 1,630 0.43 0.58 75.8 7.3 2LOC05-D EMV-SED­ 542 0.9 8,000 3.2 16.4 303 10.2 40.2 <0.04 6.7 0.82 159 3.38 1,820 0.22 0.62 50.3 10.4 6LOC06 EMV-SED-04 424 1.1 8,900 4.2 18.7 425 12 38 <0.04 6.3 1.6 175 3.52 2,120 0.22 0.73 53.1 10 1EMV-SED-06 1,020 0.45 7,590 5 16.7 351 9.28 35.4 <0.04 9.6 0.66 156 3.32 2,520 0.19 0.68 50.8 15.6 5EMV-SED­ 506 0.41 7,520 4.1 15.6 323 8.91 30.9 <0.04 5.9 0.43 161 2.83 2,000 0.17 0.55 43.9 9.6 6701 EMV-SED­ 737 0.5 8,210 5.4 18.6 352 9.93 43.1 <0.04 8.6 0.77 163 3.66 2,660 0.22 0.7 59.5 13 9702 Ely-SD-09 1,050 20.3 12,100 5.6 10.5 413 51.4 43 0.32 9.8 43 87.5 3.08 2,720 0.47 0.8 116 8.9 11139830-SD 706 16.5 5,650 7 8.4 379 55.8 31.6 1.2 3.8 44 92 3.03 1,910 0.49 0.82 54.6 10.7 1,04Smith3 743 21.7 7,850 2.8 6 818 79 49.2 0.2 3.8 2.5 63.1 2.48 1,130 1.11 0.72 125 6.7 3CLHN-TP-2 1,960 54.2 1,870 4.7 18.4 196 956 32.1 14.8 3.6 5.8 47.8 2.93 934 2.28 5.13 35.5 37.4 10,TP1-S-unox 393 8.5 10,500 2.6 90.6 764 32.6 69.8 0.08 16.4 17 59.2 5.15 1,710 0.94 1.64 120 14.8 2,9TP1-S ox 302 12.4 13,900 1.9 9.1 147 32.7 48.3 0.08 8.6 10 75.4 0.91 1,440 0.61 0.59 80.8 5.5 2

< < 02TP3A 288 29.2 20,700 0.8 82.2 47.1 43.6 0.06 6 31 27.6 1,210 1.03 0.19 71 1.6 2

0.1 	 0.1 

< 02TP3C 268 82.8 12,600 9.4 76.5 78.2 29.3 0.1 7.8 110 25.4 0.13 1,100 1.02 0.38 87.3 1.7 4

0.1 

02Ely2A 1,730 15.8 14,200 3.6 7.7 452 50.6 58.4 0.2 12.2 41 91 2.57 4,150 0.49 0.73 147 11.7 102Ely10A 1,170 24.8 9,960 2.8 14.3 402 60.5 47.6 0.24 11.1 75 74.7 2.44 3,660 0.48 0.73 158 8.6 404PKHL9 212 33.2 2,180 4.9 9.5 163 153 42.2 3.9 2.4 140 63.4 1.48 1,230 0.71 0.55 47 3.7 604PKHL11 205 25.8 6,350 6.7 4 343 91.5 64.4 0.1 4.3 62 84.5 2.25 1,820 1.21 0.63 77.4 4.9 2NZ-Newmont­ 2,930 1.3 4,510 3.9 30.3 211 89.1 166 14.3 8.7 1.7 84 3.56 1,670 2.33 0.71 66.2 9.7 2A 

1 Results from ICP-MS analysis for all elements except Se, which was determined by HG-AAS. 

22
 
Appendix 3. Amounts of elements leached in sequential extraction experiments given in mg/

['-', not determined or not applicable; 'ins', insufficient material] 

Extract ID Sample ID Extract Step Lab No Job No. Ag 2 Al As Ba Be Bi Ca Cd 

B-1 EMV-SED-LOC05 Extract 1 02-1 - < 0.6 10.6 < 0.2 < 0.04 < 0.01 < 0.04 181 0.01 

B-2 EMV-SED-LOC05 Extract 2 02-2 - < 0.6 58.0 < 0.2 0.2 < 0.01 < 0.04 <1363 0.02 

B-3 EMV-SED-LOC05 Extract 3 02-3 - < 0.6 94.5 0.4 < 0.04 < 0.01 < 0.04 < 40 < 0.004 

B-4 EMV-SED-LOC05 Extract 4 02-4 - < 0.6 141 < 0.2 1.19 < 0.01 < 0.04 43.8 0.01 

B-5 EMV-SED-LOC05 Extract 5 02-5 - < 0.6 670 0.6 19.2 0.04 0.53 < 40 < 0.004 

B-5R EMV-SED-LOC05 Residue 5 C-275601 MRP-06906 <2 36,700 2.9 98.2 0.83 0.23 7,710 0.28 

B-6R EMV-SED-LOC05 Residue 6 C-275623 MRP-06906 <2 61,500 <1 152 1.4 < 0.06 16,000 0.05 

C-1 EMV-SED-LOC05 Extract 1 03-1 - < 0.6 10.3 < 0.2 < 0.04 0.01 < 0.04 225 0.01 

C-2 EMV-SED-LOC05 Extract 2 03-2 - < 0.6 57.2 < 0.2 0.20 < 0.01 < 0.04 <136 0.02 

C-3 EMV-SED-LOC05 Extract 3 03-3 - < 0.6 102 0.4 < 0.04 0.02 < 0.04 38.6 < 0.004 

C-4 EMV-SED-LOC05 Extract 4 03-4 - < 0.6 139 < 0.2 1.09 < 0.01 < 0.04 38.8 0.02 

C-5 EMV-SED-LOC05 Extract 5 03-5 - < 0.6 688 0.5 20.6 0.03 0.50 < 40 < 0.004 

C-5R EMV-SED-LOC05 Residue 5 C-275602 MRP-06906 <2 39,300 3.6 105 0.83 0.35 8,080 0.26 

C-6R EMV-SED-LOC05 Residue 6 C-275624 MRP-06906 <2 61,500 <1 172 1.4 0.06 15,900 0.06 

D-1 EMV-SED-LOC06 Extract 1 04-1 - < 0.6 7.80 < 0.2 0.05 < 0.01 < 0.04 < 40 < 0.004 

D-2 EMV-SED-LOC06 Extract 2 04-2 - < 0.6 61.6 < 0.2 0.36 < 0.01 < 0.04 <136 0.008 

D-3 EMV-SED-LOC06 Extract 3 04-3 - < 0.6 110 0.3 < 0.04 0.01 < 0.04 < 40 < 0.004 

D-4 EMV-SED-LOC06 Extract 4 04-4 - < 0.6 311 < 0.2 2.63 < 0.01 < 0.04 237 0.01 

D-5 EMV-SED-LOC06 Extract 5 04-5 - < 0.6 1,382 < 0.2 5.38 0.04 0.04 256 < 0.004 

D-5R EMV-SED-LOC06 Residue 5 C-275603 MRP-06906 <2 35,900 <1 159 1.7 < 0.06 8,580 0.01 

D-6R EMV-SED-LOC06 Residue 6 C-275625 MRP-06906 <2 37,300 <1 157 1.6 < 0.06 10,800 0.02 

E-1 EMV-SED-04 Extract 1 05-1 - < 0.6 10.4 < 0.2 0.1 0.02 < 0.04 98.0 0.02 

E-2 EMV-SED-04 Extract 2 05-2 - < 0.6 109 < 0.2 0.83 < 0.01 < 0.04 <136 0.03 

E-3 EMV-SED-04 Extract 3 05-3 - < 0.6 185 0.4 0.08 0.02 < 0.04 < 40 0.006 

E-4 EMV-SED-04 Extract 4 05-4 - < 0.6 455 < 0.2 3.94 0.02 < 0.04 325 0.02 

E-5 EMV-SED-04 Extract 5 05-5 - < 0.6 2,032 < 0.2 7.76 0.06 0.08 283 < 0.004 

E-5R EMV-SED-04 Residue 5 C-275604 MRP-06906 <2 32,400 <1 121 1.4 < 0.06 7,880 0.03 

E-6R EMV-SED-04 Residue 6 C-275626 MRP-06906 <2 36,500 <1 139 1.8 < 0.06 11,000 <0.007 

F-1 EMV-SED-06 Extract 1 06-1 - < 0.6 5.14 < 0.2 0.2 < 0.01 < 0.04 116 < 0.004 

F-2 EMV-SED-06 Extract 2 06-2 - < 0.6 63.2 < 0.2 0.71 < 0.01 < 0.04 <136 0.01 

F-3 EMV-SED-06 Extract 3 06-3 - < 0.6 126 0.4 0.08 0.01 < 0.04 < 40 < 0.004 

F-4 EMV-SED-06 Extract 4 06-4 - < 0.6 376 < 0.2 3.03 0.02 < 0.04 285 0.01 

F-5 EMV-SED-06 Extract 5 06-5 - < 0.6 1,852 < 0.2 5.11 0.06 0.07 404 < 0.004 

F-5R EMV-SED-06 Residue 5 C-275605 MRP-06906 <2 34,500 <1 163 1.2 < 0.06 9,120 0.03 

F-6R EMV-SED-06 Residue 6 C-275627 MRP-06906 <2 41,500 <1 197 1.7 < 0.06 12,200 0.01 

G-1 EMV-SED-701 Extract 1 07-1 - < 0.6 11.3 < 0.2 0.04 0.01 < 0.04 95.9 0.004 

G-2 EMV-SED-701 Extract 2 07-2 - < 0.6 79.6 < 0.2 0.72 < 0.01 < 0.04 <136 0.009 

G-3 EMV-SED-701 Extract 3 07-3 - < 0.6 139 0.3 0.09 0.01 < 0.04 < 40 < 0.004 

G-4 EMV-SED-701 Extract 4 07-4 - < 0.6 432 < 0.2 5.13 0.01 < 0.04 387 0.01 

G-5 EMV-SED-701 Extract 5 07-5 - < 0.6 1,842 < 0.2 7.50 0.04 0.05 365 < 0.004 

G-5R EMV-SED-701 Residue 5 C-275606 MRP-06906 <2 33,800 <1 128 1.7 < 0.06 9,800 0.14 

G-6R EMV-SED-701 Residue 6 C-275628 MRP-06906 <2 30,400 <1 111 1.6 < 0.06 10,100 <0.007 

23
 
Appendix 3. Amounts of elements leached in sequential extraction experiments given in mg/

['-', not determined or not applicable; 'ins', insufficient material] 

Extract ID Cs Cu Fe Ga Ge K La Li Mg Mn Mo Na Nb Ni 

B-1 0.03 1.7 54 < 0.01 0.02 - - < 0.2 95.3 6.7 < 0.4 < 20 - 0.7 

B-2 0.01 9.4 97 0.02 0.01 - - 0.3 8.43 <0.7 < 0.4 < 20 - 0.1 

B-3 0.04 4.7 993 < 0.01 0.02 - - 0.8 15.5 0.6 < 0.4 < 20 - < 0.08 

B-4 0.02 6.5 2,130 0.31 < 0.01 - - < 0.2 49.0 1.6 < 0.4 - - 0.3 

B-5 0.49 84.6 42,570 0.58 0.27 - - 1.6 332 11.9 1.50 1,270 - 1.9 B-5R 0.99 245 80,700 7.8 - 7,380 5.1 12.9 5,460 334 9 12,200 1.9 9.5 2

B-6R 0.87 14.8 23,900 11.5 - 9,700 5.3 16.3 8,870 607 3.5 19,600 5.4 8.7 

C-1 0.03 2.3 22 < 0.01 0.01 - - < 0.2 81.6 5.9 < 0.4 < 20 - 0.7 

C-2 0.004 9.4 79 0.02 < 0.01 - - < 0.2 8.78 <0.7 < 0.4 < 20 - 0.2 

C-3 0.03 5.1 951 < 0.01 < 0.01 - - 0.6 18.8 0.6 < 0.4 < 20 - 0.1 

C-4 0.01 6.3 2,490 0.36 < 0.01 - - < 0.2 44.9 1.7 < 0.4 - - 0.3 

C-5 0.41 86.6 42,270 0.58 0.26 - - 2.0 355 13.6 1.50 1,830 - 6.0 C-5R 1 289 92,000 8.7 - 8,010 4.1 11.8 5,410 584 7.1 12,800 4.1 9 3

C-6R 0.88 32.1 26,200 11.4 - 10,100 6.6 16.7 9,200 808 14 19,000 4 22.5 

D-1 0.03 2.9 < 10 < 0.01 < 0.01 - - < 0.2 23.6 2.2 < 0.4 < 20 - 0.2 

D-2 0.009 7.8 46 0.02 < 0.01 - - < 0.2 4.84 <0.7 < 0.4 < 20 - < 0.08 

D-3 0.04 4.2 641 < 0.01 < 0.01 - - 0.9 16.6 1.0 < 0.4 < 20 - < 0.08 

D-4 0.04 19.8 1,250 0.2 < 0.01 - - < 0.2 93.5 8.7 < 0.4 - - 0.4 D-5 0.36 41.0 10,370 0.57 0.09 - - 3.8 676 27.6 < 0.4 269 - 3.0 

D-5R 2.1 74.3 29,200 7.6 - 6,410 5.5 20.6 6,820 464 0.78 8,590 4.6 12.1 D-6R 0.67 28.9 16,500 6.4 - 5,310 4.5 14.5 4,160 481 1.8 10,500 6.7 11.1 

E-1 0.03 4.4 < 10 < 0.01 < 0.01 - - < 0.2 34.6 9.7 < 0.4 < 20 - 0.3 

E-2 0.02 18.0 64 0.02 0.01 - - < 0.2 9.95 2.7 < 0.4 < 20 - 0.2 

E-3 0.04 9.2 889 < 0.01 < 0.01 - - 0.7 22.3 3.5 < 0.4 < 20 - 0.2 

E-4 0.05 17.4 1,220 0.2 0.01 - - 0.3 139 12.0 < 0.4 - - 0.6 E-5 0.39 92.6 11,570 0.79 0.09 - - 5.4 1,100 32.2 < 0.4 379 - 4.9 

E-5R 1.6 100 21,800 6.6 - 5,250 5 18.6 6,320 282 0.41 8,520 2.5 13.7 

E-6R 0.51 4.3 8,980 6 - 4,700 5.4 13.2 4,050 325 0.49 11,000 5.8 7 

F-1 0.02 2.2 < 10 < 0.01 < 0.01 - - < 0.2 24.1 2.2 < 0.4 < 20 - 0.1 

F-2 0.01 8.6 41 0.02 < 0.01 - - < 0.2 6.27 <0.7 < 0.4 < 20 - < 0.08 

F-3 0.04 5.1 617 < 0.01 0.01 - - 0.7 18.1 2.4 < 0.4 < 20 - 0.09 F-4 0.02 10.5 978 0.2 < 0.01 - - < 0.2 112 20.3 < 0.4 - - 0.6 

F-5 0.31 56.0 11,370 0.80 0.07 - - 4.0 807 31.1 < 0.4 244 - 4.2 

F-5R 1.2 19.2 24,500 6.8 - 5,840 8.3 19.4 5,990 1,580 0.07 6,270 3.4 9.1 F-6R 0.67 7 17,500 7.3 - 6,980 10 16.6 4,950 873 0.72 9,470 6.8 12 

G-1 0.02 2.5 < 10 < 0.01 < 0.01 - - < 0.2 40.8 5.5 < 0.4 < 20 - 0.2 

G-2 0.007 6.8 53 0.02 < 0.01 - - < 0.2 7.37 <0.7 < 0.4 < 20 - 0.1 

G-3 0.04 4.0 761 < 0.01 < 0.01 - - 0.5 18.7 1.7 < 0.4 < 20 - < 0.08 

G-4 0.03 6.5 939 0.2 < 0.01 - - 0.2 152 6.6 < 0.4 - - 0.5 

G-5 0.32 39.8 8,220 0.74 0.06 - - 4.8 1,060 27.8 < 0.4 190 - 4.1 

G-5R 1.5 38.8 17,500 6.6 - 5,110 4.4 18 6,330 412 0.28 8,550 2.6 12.3 G-6R 0.38 4.2 9,750 5 - 3,770 3.6 12 3,350 506 0.27 8,940 5.7 5.4 

24
 
Appendix 3. Amounts of elements leached in sequential extraction experiments given in mg/

['-', not determined or not applicable; 'ins', insufficient material] 

Extract ID Sb Sc Se SiO2 Sr Th Ti Tl U V W Y Zn 

B-1 < 0.06 - < 0.2 < 40 0.58 - - < 0.02 < 0.02 0.1 < 0.1 - 1 

B-2 0.1 - < 0.2 < 40 0.20 - - < 0.02 < 0.02 <0.6 < 0.1 - <2.3 

B-3 1.23 - < 0.2 1,380 < 0.1 - - < 0.02 0.03 0.2 < 0.1 - <0.7 B-4 0.42 - < 0.2 805 0.49 - - < 0.02 < 0.02 0.9 < 0.1 - 2 

B-5 0.2 - 0.7 1,740 6.48 - - 0.05 0.04 7.6 < 0.1 - 18.4 

B-5R 0.22 6.4 7.4 - 69.8 1.87 1,270 0.28 0.56 56.4 - 4.6 193 

B-6R 0.2 13.1 2.3 - 111 1.03 2,640 0.32 0.53 95 - 9.1 108 

C-1 < 0.06 - < 0.2 < 40 0.67 - - < 0.02 < 0.02 0.1 < 0.1 - 1 

C-2 0.1 - < 0.2 < 40 0.23 - - < 0.02 < 0.02 <0.6 < 0.1 - <2.3 

C-3 1.27 - < 0.2 1,390 < 0.1 - - < 0.02 0.03 0.3 < 0.1 - <0.7 

C-4 0.51 - < 0.2 888 0.51 - - < 0.02 < 0.02 0.8 < 0.1 - 2 C-5 0.2 - 1.0 2,950 6.57 - - 0.02 0.03 8.9 < 0.1 - 18.4 

C-5R 0.38 6.7 7.4 - 62.1 1.57 2,170 0.3 0.46 64.3 - 5.3 186 

C-6R 0.2 13.2 2.3 - 108 1.32 2,560 0.3 0.58 90.1 - 8.9 123 

D-1 < 0.06 - < 0.2 < 40 0.73 - - < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.1 < 0.1 - 0.7 

D-2 0.1 - < 0.2 < 40 0.16 - - < 0.02 < 0.02 <0.6 < 0.1 - <2.3 

D-3 0.74 - < 0.2 230 < 0.1 - - < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.1 < 0.1 - <0.7 

D-4 0.2 - < 0.2 480 0.76 - - < 0.02 < 0.02 0.9 < 0.1 - 7.9 

D-5 0.1 - <0.7 2,470 2.94 - - < 0.02 0.05 5.3 < 0.1 - 6.7 

D-5R 0.1 6.5 0.31 - 153 2.34 2,160 0.17 0.5 43.3 - 7.2 54.2 

D-6R 0.07 6.6 <0.1 - 154 1.06 1,920 0.08 0.4 40.7 - 6.9 45.6 

E-1 < 0.06 - < 0.2 < 40 0.97 - - < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.1 < 0.1 - 2.0 E-2 0.2 - < 0.2 327 0.32 - - < 0.02 < 0.02 <0.6 < 0.1 - 0.5 E-3 0.94 - < 0.2 371 0.17 - - < 0.02 0.04 0.2 < 0.1 - 1 

E-4 0.2 - < 0.2 691 1.06 - - < 0.02 < 0.02 0.8 < 0.1 - 3.6 

E-5 0.1 - <0.7 2,880 3.06 - - < 0.02 0.06 7.2 < 0.1 - 15.9 

E-5R 0.2 5.1 0.52 - 137 1.99 1,900 0.16 0.47 37.4 - 5 47.5 

E-6R 0.1 5.1 <0.1 - 170 1.24 1,940 0.08 0.48 34.6 - 5.7 19.6 

F-1 < 0.06 - < 0.2 < 40 1.00 - - < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.1 < 0.1 - 0.6 

F-2 0.1 - < 0.2 97.7 0.26 - - < 0.02 < 0.02 <0.6 < 0.1 - <2.3 

F-3 0.69 - < 0.2 243 0.20 - - < 0.02 0.02 0.2 < 0.1 - 0.1 

F-4 0.1 - < 0.2 527 0.94 - - < 0.02 < 0.02 1.0 < 0.1 - 2.6 

F-5 0.1 - <0.7 3,560 3.76 - - < 0.02 0.07 7.3 < 0.1 - 13.2 

F-5R 0.06 7.9 0.75 - 110 3.21 1,710 0.13 0.58 40.2 - 9.9 29.7 

F-6R 0.08 9.5 0.22 - 161 1.93 2,390 0.1 0.65 44.3 - 11 29.4 

G-1 < 0.06 - < 0.2 < 40 0.97 - - < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.1 < 0.1 - 1 

G-2 0.1 - < 0.2 < 40 0.22 - - < 0.02 < 0.02 <0.6 < 0.1 - <2.3 

G-3 0.70 - < 0.2 283 0.16 - - < 0.02 0.02 0.2 < 0.1 - 0.1 

G-4 0.1 - < 0.2 550 1.28 - - < 0.02 < 0.02 1.0 < 0.1 - 2.4 

G-5 0.09 - <0.7 2,950 3.20 - - < 0.02 0.05 6.8 < 0.1 - 10.8 

G-5R 0.1 6.1 0.15 - 173 1.9 2,090 0.14 0.44 38.8 - 7.3 45.8 

G-6R 0.05 5.7 <0.1 - 149 0.89 2,100 <0.08 0.36 29.9 - 6.5 14.6 

25
 
Appendix 3. Amounts of elements leached in sequential extraction experiments given in mg/

['-', not determined or not applicable; 'ins', insufficient material] 

Extract ID Sample ID Extract Step Lab No Job No. Ag Al As Ba Be Bi Ca Cd 

H-1 EMV-SED-702 Extract 1 08-1 - < 0.6 9.19 < 0.2 < 0.04 0.01 < 0.04 < 40 0.006 

H-2 EMV-SED-702 Extract 2 08-2 - < 0.6 59.4 < 0.2 0.35 < 0.01 < 0.04 <136 0.009 

H-3 EMV-SED-702 Extract 3 08-3 - < 0.6 124 0.4 0.08 0.02 < 0.04 < 40 < 0.004 

H-4 EMV-SED-702 Extract 4 08-4 - < 0.6 272 < 0.2 2.14 0.01 < 0.04 219 0.01 

H-5 EMV-SED-702 Extract 5 08-5 - < 0.6 1,442 < 0.2 6.32 0.06 0.07 383 < 0.004 

H-5R EMV-SED-702 Residue 5 C-275607 MRP-06906 <2 31,800 <1 144 1.3 < 0.06 8,880 0.01 H-6R EMV-SED-702 Residue 6 C-275629 MRP-06906 <2 33,400 <1 141 1.4 < 0.06 10,900 0.01 

I-1 Ely-SD-09 Extract 1 09-1 - < 0.6 6.08 < 0.2 0.2 0.01 < 0.04 < 40 < 0.004 

I-2 Ely-SD-09 Extract 2 09-2 - < 0.6 69.0 < 0.2 0.49 < 0.01 < 0.04 <136 0.02 

I-3 Ely-SD-09 Extract 3 09-3 - < 0.6 128 0.6 < 0.04 < 0.01 < 0.04 < 40 < 0.004 

I-4 Ely-SD-09 Extract 4 09-4 - < 0.6 162 < 0.2 2.20 < 0.01 0.06 50.6 0.02 

I-5 Ely-SD-09 Extract 5 09-5 - 1.99 792 < 0.2 29.4 0.03 1.63 < 40 < 0.004 I-5R Ely-SD-09 Residue 5 C-275608 MRP-06906 <2 57,600 1.2 214 1.9 0.48 13,900 0.27 

I-6R Ely-SD-09 Residue 6 C-275630 MRP-06906 <2 61,600 <1 202 2.1 0.13 16,800 0.09 

J-1 1139830-SD Extract 1 10-1 - < 0.6 12.5 < 0.2 < 0.04 < 0.01 < 0.04 < 40 0.09 

J-2 1139830-SD Extract 2 10-2 - < 0.6 45.9 < 0.2 0.1 < 0.01 < 0.04 <136 0.07 

J-3 1139830-SD Extract 3 10-3 - < 0.6 106 0.6 < 0.04 < 0.01 < 0.04 < 40 0.02 

J-4 1139830-SD Extract 4 10-4 - 1.06 112 < 0.2 1.93 < 0.01 0.08 119 0.05 

J-5 1139830-SD Extract 5 10-5 - 2.91 915 0.8 20.9 0.02 2.23 < 40 < 0.004 

J-5R 1139830-SD Residue 5 C-275609 MRP-06906 3.3 61,100 12.8 294 2.5 1.46 20,100 11.7 

J-6R 1139830-SD Residue 6 C-275631 MRP-06906 <2 42,400 1.2 207 1.9 0.18 15,100 0.05 

K-1 04Smith3 Extract 1 11-1 - < 0.6 2.19 < 0.2 < 0.04 < 0.01 < 0.04 < 40 < 0.004 

K-2 04Smith3 Extract 2 11-2 - < 0.6 9.48 < 0.2 0.1 < 0.01 < 0.04 <136 0.02 

K-3 04Smith3 Extract 3 11-3 - < 0.6 26.2 0.6 < 0.04 < 0.01 < 0.04 < 40 < 0.004 

K-4 04Smith3 Extract 4 11-4 - 0.84 31.3 < 0.2 1.42 < 0.01 < 0.04 < 40 0.01 K-5 04Smith3 Extract 5 11-5 - 5.23 270 < 0.2 48.0 < 0.01 2.46 < 40 < 0.004 

K-5R 04Smith3 Residue 5 C-275610 MRP-06906 <2 20,200 <1 94 0.82 0.27 3,570 0.05 

K-6R 04Smith3 Residue 6 C-275632 MRP-06906 ins ins ins ins ins ins ins ins 

L-1 CLHN-TP-2 Extract 1 12-1 - < 0.6 2.89 1 < 0.04 < 0.01 < 0.04 1,230 2.49 

L-2 CLHN-TP-2 Extract 2 12-2 - < 0.6 209 0.7 1.60 0.06 10.9 38,664 9.20 

L-3 CLHN-TP-2 Extract 3 12-3 - < 0.6 82.5 4.3 0.47 0.03 1.96 2,000 0.56 

L-4 CLHN-TP-2 Extract 4 12-4 - 0.63 301 3.0 2.12 0.06 1.91 296 1.05 

L-5 CLHN-TP-2 Extract 5 12-5 - 2.59 2552 0.6 2.08 0.07 1.40 66.6 4.23 

L-5R CLHN-TP-2 Residue 5 C-275611 MRP-06906 2 56,400 43.3 180 1.1 2.04 2,400 23.2 

L-6R CLHN-TP-2 Residue 6 C-275633 MRP-06906 <2 52,200 <1 177 1.1 < 0.06 2,490 <0.007 

M-1 blank Extract 1 13-1 - < 0.6 < 0.4 < 0.2 < 0.04 < 0.01 < 0.04 < 40 < 0.004 

M-2 blank Extract 2 13-2 - < 0.6 0.41 < 0.2 < 0.04 < 0.01 0.05 <136 0.007 

M-3 blank Extract 3 13-3 - < 0.6 <1.37 0.3 < 0.04 < 0.01 < 0.04 < 40 < 0.004 

M-4 blank Extract 4 13-4 - < 0.6 <0.69 < 0.2 < 0.04 < 0.01 < 0.04 < 40 <0.008 

M-5 blank Extract 5 13-5 - < 0.6 <7.6 < 0.2 < 0.04 < 0.01 < 0.04 < 40 < 0.004 

N-1 EMV-SED-LOC05 Extract 1 14-1 - < 0.6 10.4 < 0.2 < 0.04 < 0.01 < 0.04 213 0.01 

N-2 EMV-SED-LOC05 Extract 2 14-2 - < 0.6 50.7 < 0.2 0.2 < 0.01 < 0.04 <136 0.02 

26
 
Appendix 3. Amounts of elements leached in sequential extraction experiments given in mg/

['-', not determined or not applicable; 'ins', insufficient material] 

Extract ID Cs Cu Fe Ga Ge K La Li Mg Mn Mo Na Nb Ni 

H-1 0.02 2.9 < 10 < 0.01 < 0.01 - - < 0.2 37.2 3.0 < 0.4 < 20 - 0.3 

H-2 0.007 7.2 38 0.02 < 0.01 - - < 0.2 5.72 <0.7 < 0.4 < 20 - 0.08 

H-3 0.05 5.0 686 < 0.01 < 0.01 - - 0.8 24.2 1.1 < 0.4 < 20 - 0.2 

H-4 0.04 10.4 1,160 0.2 < 0.01 - - < 0.2 80.2 6.2 < 0.4 - - 0.4 

H-5 0.33 59.1 12,270 0.67 0.08 - - 3.4 714 25.0 < 0.4 346 - 3.5 

H-5R 1.5 39.4 25,400 6.5 - 5,660 5.8 18.6 6,350 1,080 0.2 6,590 2.6 11 H-6R 0.58 3.6 17,100 5.6 - 4,860 4.7 15.8 4,590 1,280 0.67 7,790 6.7 9.5 

I-1 0.04 6.3 < 10 < 0.01 0.01 - - < 0.2 8.73 1.2 < 0.4 < 20 - 0.2 

I-2 0.009 35.0 48 0.02 < 0.01 - - < 0.2 2.45 <0.7 < 0.4 19.5 - 0.1 

I-3 0.04 22.4 2,150 < 0.01 < 0.01 - - < 0.2 7.57 0.8 < 0.4 < 20 - < 0.08 

I-4 0.03 45.4 1,690 0.2 < 0.01 - - < 0.2 34.4 2.7 < 0.4 - - 0.2 

I-5 0.40 371 43,170 0.94 0.24 - - 1.8 296 12.1 6.43 401 - 1.8 I-5R 1.5 2,640 99,900 14.2 - 10,300 6.4 11.7 8,400 1,190 25.2 16,800 7.7 11.3 3

I-6R 0.98 86.3 24,100 13.1 - 9,500 6.1 11.3 7,500 1,290 24.3 19,400 7.8 10.2 

J-1 0.06 27.5 < 10 < 0.01 < 0.01 - - < 0.2 15.3 3.3 < 0.4 < 20 - 0.3 

J-2 0.01 60.2 44 0.02 < 0.01 - - 0.3 2.20 <0.7 < 0.4 < 20 - < 0.08 

J-3 0.04 40.6 1,730 < 0.01 < 0.01 - - < 0.2 7.09 0.8 < 0.4 < 20 - < 0.08 

J-4 < 0.004 78.4 1,510 0.2 < 0.01 - - < 0.2 24.6 2.3 < 0.4 - - 0.1 

J-5 0.12 513 55,570 1.1 0.36 - - 1.2 414 18.5 3.42 318 - 1.2 

J-5R 1.7 13,900 272,000 17.7 - 14,600 6.7 17.7 12,900 1,510 35.9 12,700 16 16.7 6

J-6R 0.98 110 37,600 9.9 - 10,100 5 13.4 7,180 1,090 8.8 9,150 16 13.6 

K-1 0.02 5.5 < 10 < 0.01 < 0.01 - - < 0.2 32.2 3.5 < 0.4 < 20 - < 0.08 

K-2 0.009 27.2 36 0.02 < 0.01 - - < 0.2 2.32 <0.7 < 0.4 < 20 - < 0.08 K-3 0.01 21.5 1,940 < 0.01 < 0.01 - - < 0.2 3.40 0.6 0.62 < 20 - < 0.08 

K-4 < 0.004 16.9 999 0.2 < 0.01 - - < 0.2 6.85 1.8 < 0.4 - - < 0.08 

K-5 0.24 278 79,570 0.95 0.42 - - < 0.2 73.0 27.6 10.3 409 - 1.1 

K-5R 0.45 466 89,400 7.9 - 4,760 2.2 6 3,020 482 7.7 5,060 1.8 4.3 2

K-6R ins ins ins ins - ins ins ins ins ins ins ins ins ins 

L-1 0.10 66.6 < 10 < 0.01 < 0.01 - - < 0.2 45.6 30.8 < 0.4 < 20 - 1.4 

L-2 0.04 399 1,250 0.1 0.01 - - < 0.2 346 642 < 0.4 < 20 - 4.1 L-3 0.19 54.3 952 < 0.01 < 0.01 - - < 0.2 123 34.8 3.10 < 20 - 0.5 

L-4 0.08 111 768 0.37 0.02 - - < 0.2 374 10.2 0.46 - - 0.5 L-5 0.30 95.0 2,180 1.5 0.05 - - 3.9 4,180 79.8 < 0.4 136 - 1.8 

L-5R 2.4 1,940 36,000 29.6 - 8,270 7.5 52.8 143,000 1,200 60.5 2,120 4 15.8 

L-6R 2 7 17,600 28.2 - 8,580 7.4 52.4 140,000 1,100 2.9 2,270 3.4 11.1 

M-1 < 0.004 0.2 < 10 < 0.01 < 0.01 - - < 0.2 < 2 < 0.04 < 0.4 < 20 - < 0.08 - 

M-2 < 0.004 0.4 < 10 < 0.01 < 0.01 - - < 0.2 < 2 <0.7 < 0.4 < 20 - < 0.08 - 

M-3 < 0.004 0.3 < 10 < 0.01 < 0.01 - - < 0.2 < 2 < 0.04 < 0.4 < 20 - < 0.08 - 

M-4 < 0.004 < 0.1 < 10 < 0.01 < 0.01 - - < 0.2 < 2 < 0.04 < 0.4 --­ - < 0.08 - 

M-5 < 0.004 < 0.1 <30 0.03 < 0.01 - - < 0.2 < 2 <0.3 < 0.4 < 20 - 0.09 - 

N-1 0.02 2.3 35 < 0.01 < 0.01 - - < 0.2 93.6 7.0 < 0.4 < 20 - 0.7 

N-2 0.007 8.8 65 0.02 < 0.01 - - < 0.2 7.64 <0.7 < 0.4 < 20 - 0.2 

27
 
Appendix 3. Amounts of elements leached in sequential extraction experiments given in mg/

['-', not determined or not applicable; 'ins', insufficient material] 

Extract ID Sb Sc Se SiO2 Sr Th Ti Tl U V W Y Zn 

H-1 < 0.06 - < 0.2 < 40 0.82 - - < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.1 < 0.1 - 1 

H-2 0.1 - < 0.2 75.3 0.19 - - < 0.02 < 0.02 <0.6 < 0.1 - <2.3 

H-3 0.66 - < 0.2 318 0.16 - - < 0.02 < 0.02 0.2 < 0.1 - 0.2 

H-4 0.2 - < 0.2 456 0.75 - - < 0.02 < 0.02 0.5 < 0.1 - 2.0 

H-5 0.09 - <0.7 3,450 3.28 - - < 0.02 0.05 8.4 < 0.1 - 7.7 

H-5R 0.09 9 0.47 - 114 2.31 2,180 0.15 0.43 44.1 - 12.6 35.5 

H-6R 0.05 7.6 0.29 - 125 1.16 2,610 0.09 0.44 37.8 - 10.7 19.9 

I-1 < 0.06 - < 0.2 < 40 0.34 - - < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.1 < 0.1 - 0.2 

I-2 0.1 - < 0.2 253 0.11 - - < 0.02 < 0.02 0.1 < 0.1 - <2.3 

I-3 1.25 - < 0.2 1,670 < 0.1 - - < 0.02 0.06 0.4 < 0.1 - 0.2 

I-4 0.2 - 0.2 699 0.24 - - < 0.02 < 0.02 1.5 < 0.1 - 1 

I-5 0.20 - 4.9 3,150 2.35 - - 0.07 0.06 25.1 < 0.1 - 11.7 

I-5R 0.67 12.7 29 - 105 2.88 3,890 0.29 0.7 113 - 9.3 139 

I-6R 0.2 13.1 2.5 - 126 1.36 3,500 0.24 0.75 96.1 - 9.8 70 

J-1 < 0.06 - < 0.2 < 40 0.22 - - < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.1 < 0.1 - 15.1 

J-2 0.1 - < 0.2 149 < 0.1 - - < 0.02 < 0.02 <0.6 < 0.1 - 7.6 J-3 1.33 - < 0.2 1,380 < 0.1 - - < 0.02 0.04 0.3 < 0.1 - 4.5 J-4 0.20 - < 0.2 642 0.38 - - < 0.02 < 0.02 0.3 < 0.1 - 8.0 

J-5 0.32 - 6.5 3,110 5.52 - - 0.08 0.06 13.3 < 0.1 - 62.8 

J-5R 2.9 10.3 37 - 171 5.02 4,130 0.66 1.46 99.3 - 19.9 2,230 

J-6R 0.51 6.4 9.3 - 121 1.2 3,040 0.42 0.89 51.5 - 17.2 86.2 K-1 < 0.06 - < 0.2 < 40 < 0.1 - - < 0.02 < 0.02 0.3 < 0.1 - 1 

K-2 0.09 - < 0.2 71.3 < 0.1 - - < 0.02 < 0.02 1.2 < 0.1 - <2.3 

K-3 1.19 - < 0.2 3,530 < 0.1 - - < 0.02 < 0.02 1.7 < 0.1 - <0.7 K-4 0.22 - < 0.2 753 0.19 - - < 0.02 < 0.02 5.4 < 0.1 - 1 

K-5 0.36 - 6.1 2,260 6.83 - - 0.63 0.06 41.4 < 0.1 - 73.6 

K-5R 0.43 2.7 16 - 32.5 1.53 784 0.26 0.38 58.6 - 3.7 169 

K-6R ins ins 6.2 - ins ins ins ins ins ins - ins ins 

L-1 < 0.06 - 0.3 < 40 0.87 - - 0.1 < 0.02 < 0.1 < 0.1 - 666 L-2 1.61 - 0.3 1,750 33.6 - - 0.06 0.60 <0.6 < 0.1 - 2,338 

L-3 1.31 - < 0.2 693 1.39 - - 0.1 0.14 0.1 < 0.1 - 312 

L-4 1.61 - 0.4 845 0.40 - - < 0.02 0.07 0.2 < 0.1 - 298 L-5 0.50 - 0.8 5,790 < 0.1 - - < 0.02 0.15 5.0 < 0.1 - 1,005 

L-5R 10.7 4 2.9 - 9.2 2.75 1,050 2.28 4.3 39.4 - 30.5 6,480 

L-6R 2.1 3.7 <0.1 - 10 2.02 928 1.22 3.03 34.8 - 32.1 121 

M-1 < 0.06 - < 0.2 < 40 < 0.1 - - < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.1 < 0.1 - 0.3 

M-2 < 0.06 - < 0.2 1,640 < 0.1 - - < 0.02 < 0.02 <0.6 < 0.1 - <2.3 

M-3 < 0.06 - < 0.2 < 40 < 0.1 - - < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.1 < 0.1 - <0.7 M-4 < 0.06 - < 0.2 < 40 < 0.1 - - < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.1 < 0.1 - 0.1 

M-5 < 0.06 - <0.7 3,880 < 0.1 - - < 0.02 < 0.02 <1.9 < 0.1 - <4.6 

N-1 < 0.06 - < 0.2 < 40 0.65 - - < 0.02 < 0.02 0.1 < 0.1 - 2.3 

N-2 0.1 - < 0.2 540 0.20 - - < 0.02 < 0.02 <0.6 < 0.1 - <2.3 

28
 
Appendix 3. Amounts of elements leached in sequential extraction experiments given in mg/

['-', not determined or not applicable; 'ins', insufficient material] 

Extract ID Sample ID Extract Step Lab No Job No. Ag Al As Ba Be Bi Ca Cd 

N-3 EMV-SED-LOC05 Extract 3 14-3 - < 0.6 97.6 0.3 < 0.04 < 0.01 < 0.04 < 40 < 0.004 

N-4 EMV-SED-LOC05 Extract 4 14-4 - < 0.6 121 < 0.2 1.24 < 0.01 < 0.04 < 40 0.00 

N-5 EMV-SED-LOC05 Extract 5 14-5 - < 0.6 716 0.4 19.1 0.04 0.48 94.6 < 0.004 N-5R EMV-SED-LOC05 Residue 5 C-275612 MRP-06906 <2 45,100 4.1 122 0.93 0.32 10,400 0.38 

N-6R EMV-SED-LOC05 Residue 6 C-275634 MRP-06906 <2 56,100 <1 143 1.3 0.06 13,300 0.05 

O-1 TP1-S-unox Extract 1 15-1 - < 0.6 53.7 < 0.2 < 0.04 < 0.01 < 0.04 133 0.75 

O-2 TP1-S-unox Extract 2 15-2 - < 0.6 847 < 0.2 0.20 < 0.01 0.09 <136 1.24 

O-3 TP1-S-unox Extract 3 15-3 - < 0.6 1,849 1 < 0.04 < 0.01 0.21 < 40 0.33 

O-4 TP1-S-unox Extract 4 15-4 - < 0.6 2709 < 0.2 2.28 < 0.01 0.11 529 0.94 

O-5 TP1-S-unox Extract 5 15-5 - < 0.6 4,412 < 0.2 1.15 0.03 0.40 611 0.87 

O-5R TP1-S-unox Residue 5 C-275613 MRP-06906 <2 53,400 8.1 146 0.76 0.43 9,210 13.4 

O-6R TP1-S-unox Residue 6 C-275635 MRP-06906 <2 73,900 <1 200 1.3 0.1 13,100 0.4 P-1 TP1-S-unox Extract 1 16-1 - < 0.6 62.0 < 0.2 < 0.04 0.01 < 0.04 229 0.66 

P-2 TP1-S-unox Extract 2 16-2 - < 0.6 866 < 0.2 0.24 < 0.01 0.09 <136 1.26 

P-3 TP1-S-unox Extract 3 16-3 - < 0.6 1,569 1 < 0.04 < 0.01 0.18 < 40 0.31 P-4 TP1-S-unox Extract 4 16-4 - < 0.6 2149 < 0.2 1.90 0.02 0.09 312 0.77 

P-5 TP1-S-unox Extract 5 16-5 - < 0.6 4,292 < 0.2 0.96 0.06 0.44 819 0.86 

P-5R TP1-S-unox Residue 5 C-275614 MRP-06906 <2 59,800 6.7 165 0.83 0.51 9,720 17.3 

P-6R TP1-S-unox Residue 6 C-275636 MRP-06906 <2 75,000 <1 206 1.3 0.1 12,900 0.27 Q-1 TP1-S ox Extract 1 17-1 - < 0.6 2.99 < 0.2 < 0.04 < 0.01 < 0.04 < 40 < 0.004 

Q-2 TP1-S ox Extract 2 17-2 - < 0.6 12.4 < 0.2 0.24 < 0.01 < 0.04 <136 0.01 

Q-3 TP1-S ox Extract 3 17-3 - < 0.6 25.4 0.5 < 0.04 < 0.01 < 0.04 < 40 < 0.004 

Q-4 TP1-S ox Extract 4 17-4 - < 0.6 35.8 < 0.2 0.92 < 0.01 < 0.04 < 40 -0.003 

Q-5 TP1-S ox Extract 5 17-5 - < 0.6 274 0.8 13.0 < 0.01 0.59 < 40 < 0.004 

Q-5R TP1-S ox Residue 5 C-275615 MRP-06906 <2 50,600 2.6 147 0.98 0.11 9,140 0.17 

Q-6R TP1-S ox Residue 6 C-275637 MRP-06906 <2 60,800 <1 158 1.2 0.1 11,000 0.02 

R-1 02TP3A Extract 1 18-1 - < 0.6 15.5 < 0.2 < 0.04 < 0.01 < 0.04 868 0.04 

R-2 02TP3A Extract 2 18-2 - < 0.6 57.6 < 0.2 < 0.04 < 0.01 < 0.04 <136 0.03 R-3 02TP3A Extract 3 18-3 - < 0.6 55.4 0.6 < 0.04 < 0.01 < 0.04 < 40 < 0.004 

R-4 02TP3A Extract 4 18-4 - < 0.6 14.9 0.2 0.1 < 0.01 < 0.04 < 40 0.00 

R-5 02TP3A Extract 5 18-5 - 5.43 426 0.9 7.27 < 0.01 2.27 < 40 < 0.004 

R-5R 02TP3A Residue 5 C-275616 MRP-06906 <2 42,600 8.2 21.5 0.31 0.98 6,100 0.19 

R-6R 02TP3A Residue 6 C-275638 MRP-06906 <2 60,700 <1 24.3 0.43 0.59 8,030 0.08 

S-1 02TP3C Extract 1 19-1 - < 0.6 1.16 0.3 < 0.04 < 0.01 < 0.04 < 40 < 0.004 

S-2 02TP3C Extract 2 19-2 - < 0.6 12.7 < 0.2 0.2 < 0.01 < 0.04 <136 0.01 

S-3 02TP3C Extract 3 19-3 - < 0.6 18.1 0.7 < 0.04 < 0.01 < 0.04 < 40 < 0.004 

S-4 02TP3C Extract 4 19-4 - 2.14 19.3 1 0.67 < 0.01 0.13 < 40 0.01 

S-5 02TP3C Extract 5 19-5 - 8.73 313 3.0 7.16 < 0.01 5.93 < 40 0.02 

S-5R 02TP3C Residue 5 C-275617 MRP-06906 <2 35,700 14.9 23.6 0.26 1.36 3,650 0.96 

S-6R 02TP3C Residue 6 C-275639 MRP-06906 <2 46,000 6.3 29.6 0.35 0.96 4,780 1.3 

T-1 02Ely2A Extract 1 20-1 - < 0.6 25.4 < 0.2 < 0.04 < 0.01 < 0.04 < 40 0.04 

T-2 02Ely2A Extract 2 20-2 - < 0.6 55.3 < 0.2 < 0.04 < 0.01 < 0.04 <136 0.04 

29
 
Appendix 3. Amounts of elements leached in sequential extraction experiments given in mg/

['-', not determined or not applicable; 'ins', insufficient material] 

Extract ID Cs Cu Fe Ga Ge K La Li Mg Mn Mo Na Nb Ni 

N-3 0.03 6.2 1,310 < 0.01 < 0.01 - - < 0.2 17.5 0.9 < 0.4 < 20 - 0.1 

N-4 0.007 7.3 1,220 0.2 < 0.01 - - < 0.2 51.1 1.7 < 0.4 - - 0.3 

N-5 0.34 80.2 39,570 0.57 0.24 - - 1.7 358 11.9 1.23 1,500 - 2.0 N-5R 1.2 873 103,000 9.2 - 8,600 4.2 9.6 6,260 442 8.8 15,100 2.5 11.6 3

N-6R 0.86 264 21,200 10.9 - 9,640 4.2 13.6 7,440 530 5.8 18,600 5.1 7.9 

O-1 0.54 < 0.1 774 < 0.01 < 0.01 - - 0.5 34.8 2.4 < 0.4 < 20 - 6.2 

O-2 0.11 8.2 492 0.06 < 0.01 - - 0.5 3.80 <0.7 < 0.4 < 20 - 1.4 

O-3 0.32 21.8 10,800 < 0.01 0.01 - - < 0.2 12.6 0.8 0.58 < 20 - 7.0 

O-4 0.14 4.9 2,220 0.24 < 0.01 - - 0.2 55.4 4.1 < 0.4 - - 2.1 

O-5 0.26 19.6 6,010 0.69 0.06 - - 4.1 820 27.6 < 0.4 576 - 3.6 

O-5R 3.3 570 154,000 13 - 16,200 11 20.3 12,300 348 6 10,800 2.4 81.2 1

O-6R 1.9 69.1 40,700 16.8 - 19,800 13.1 26.8 13,100 376 4.6 16,200 5.8 19.6 

P-1 0.52 < 0.1 774 < 0.01 < 0.01 - - 0.9 38.8 2.7 < 0.4 < 20 - 6.4 

P-2 0.11 8.8 506 0.07 < 0.01 - - 0.3 4.07 <0.7 < 0.4 < 20 - 1.3 

P-3 0.31 20.1 8,700 < 0.01 < 0.01 - - < 0.2 9.64 0.7 0.49 < 20 - 6.2 P-4 0.12 3.8 2,210 0.26 < 0.01 - - < 0.2 50.7 3.5 < 0.4 - - 1.8 

P-5 0.28 22.3 6,580 0.71 0.07 - - 3.3 872 28.3 < 0.4 612 - 4.1 

P-5R 3.6 640 159,000 14.6 - 17,500 12.6 22 14,300 378 8.4 11,600 2.8 82.2 1

P-6R 1.9 50.8 29,700 17.1 - 20,300 11.1 25.2 12,900 360 5 16,600 5.6 12.8 

Q-1 0.09 0.4 < 10 < 0.01 < 0.01 - - < 0.2 44.6 2.1 < 0.4 < 20 - < 0.08 

Q-2 0.02 1.7 36 0.02 < 0.01 - - < 0.2 2.57 <0.7 < 0.4 < 20 - < 0.08 

Q-3 0.09 1.1 581 < 0.01 < 0.01 - - < 0.2 3.84 0.2 < 0.4 < 20 - < 0.08 

Q-4 < 0.004 1.0 710 0.46 < 0.01 - - < 0.2 11.3 0.3 < 0.4 - - < 0.08 

Q-5 0.15 35.7 22,470 0.64 0.2 - - 0.3 128 13.6 4.84 1,280 - 1.7 

Q-5R 1 49.7 44,700 11.5 - 12,400 2.7 10.2 5,740 274 6.9 13,200 2.1 8.6 

Q-6R 0.98 7.8 6,990 12.5 - 13,900 4.7 13.6 5,940 217 3.2 17,500 2.3 1.9 

R-1 0.14 19.6 < 10 < 0.01 < 0.01 - - < 0.2 31.8 0.9 < 0.4 < 20 - 0.08 

R-2 0.02 26.1 12 0.03 < 0.01 - - < 0.2 < 2 <0.7 < 0.4 < 20 - < 0.08 

R-3 0.06 7.0 1,040 < 0.01 < 0.01 - - < 0.2 < 2 < 0.04 1.66 < 20 - < 0.08 

R-4 < 0.004 7.2 803 0.1 0.02 - - < 0.2 < 2 0.04 1.03 - - < 0.08 R-5 0.98 117 60,070 2.5 0.40 - - 0.4 < 2 1.5 16.8 4,290 - 0.4 

R-5R 1.7 1,360 138,000 10.1 - 8,000 0.62 3.5 8,450 455 19.6 22,600 < 0.1 1.9 3

R-6R 2.4 52.9 30,600 11 - 8,360 0.47 7.6 9,350 410 8.5 32,600 0.54 7.7 S-1 0.01 3.0 < 10 < 0.01 < 0.01 - - < 0.2 2.07 0.2 < 0.4 < 20 - < 0.08 

S-2 0.008 10.3 13 0.02 < 0.01 - - < 0.2 < 2 <0.7 < 0.4 < 20 - < 0.08 

S-3 0.04 5.6 501 < 0.01 < 0.01 - - < 0.2 < 2 < 0.04 1.23 < 20 - < 0.08 

S-4 < 0.004 8.8 959 0.2 < 0.01 - - < 0.2 < 2 0.06 2.43 - - < 0.08 

S-5 0.14 106 29,070 0.90 0.20 - - 0.2 < 2 0.8 48.8 681 - 0.4 

S-5R 0.86 1,410 210,000 9.5 - 7,530 0.54 7.1 2,170 168 44.5 12,100 0.2 11 

S-6R 1 465 214,000 12.7 - 11,500 0.68 12 3,340 260 20.1 15,600 0.52 12.9 

T-1 0.32 47.5 11 < 0.01 < 0.01 - - 0.2 132 5.9 < 0.4 < 20 - 0.5 

T-2 0.04 47.1 22 0.03 < 0.01 - - < 0.2 6.59 <0.7 < 0.4 < 20 - < 0.08 

30
 
Appendix 3. Amounts of elements leached in sequential extraction experiments given in mg/

['-', not determined or not applicable; 'ins', insufficient material] 

Extract ID Sb Sc Se SiO2 Sr Th Ti Tl U V W Y Zn 

N-3 1.10 - < 0.2 1,360 < 0.1 - - < 0.02 0.03 0.4 < 0.1 - 0.1 

N-4 0.29 - < 0.2 637 0.55 - - < 0.02 < 0.02 0.5 < 0.1 - 1 

N-5 0.20 - 1.2 3,720 6.92 - - < 0.02 0.03 9.2 < 0.1 - 16.6 

N-5R 0.49 8.7 9.6 - 80.2 1.9 1,630 0.3 0.5 71.3 - 5.9 275 

N-6R 0.2 10.1 1.6 - 104 0.85 1,990 0.34 0.54 76.2 - 6.9 83 

O-1 < 0.06 - < 0.2 210 0.26 - - < 0.02 < 0.02 0.2 < 0.1 - 71.0 O-2 0.20 - < 0.2 1,090 < 0.1 - - < 0.02 0.03 1.1 < 0.1 - 59.7 

O-3 1.38 - < 0.2 2,120 < 0.1 - - < 0.02 0.08 6.2 < 0.1 - 47.2 

O-4 0.30 - < 0.2 4,970 0.36 - - < 0.02 0.04 2.2 < 0.1 - 60.9 

O-5 0.1 - <0.7 6,120 0.60 - - < 0.02 0.12 8.1 < 0.1 - 147 

O-5R 0.2 15.3 16 - 50.8 4.19 1,760 0.86 1.48 105 - 11 1,770 

O-6R 0.2 15.7 4.4 - 73.3 2.43 2,570 0.86 1.18 121 - 15.3 143 

P-1 < 0.06 - < 0.2 196 0.31 - - < 0.02 < 0.02 0.3 < 0.1 - 75.4 P-2 0.20 - < 0.2 980 < 0.1 - - < 0.02 0.04 1.1 < 0.1 - 69.7 

P-3 1.26 - < 0.2 1,870 < 0.1 - - < 0.02 0.07 4.3 < 0.1 - 64.7 

P-4 0.31 - < 0.2 4,060 0.26 - - < 0.02 0.04 2.4 < 0.1 - 61.2 P-5 0.1 - <0.7 5,600 0.74 - - < 0.02 0.11 9.9 < 0.1 - 170 

P-5R 0.2 16.8 16 - 56.7 4.5 1,990 0.96 1.59 116 - 12.5 2,670 

P-6R 0.2 15.4 3.1 - 70.6 2.03 2,480 0.89 1.09 122 - 14.5 114 Q-1 < 0.06 - < 0.2 < 40 0.19 - - < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.1 < 0.1 - 0.7 

Q-2 0.1 - < 0.2 44.1 < 0.1 - - < 0.02 < 0.02 <0.6 < 0.1 - <2.3 

Q-3 0.88 - < 0.2 2,620 < 0.1 - - < 0.02 < 0.02 0.3 < 0.1 - <0.7 

Q-4 0.34 - 0.3 380 0.10 - - < 0.02 < 0.02 1.5 < 0.1 - 0.4 

Q-5 0.20 - 2.3 4,200 3.99 - - < 0.02 < 0.02 11.6 < 0.1 - 42.0 

Q-5R 0.38 9.3 3.8 - 63 0.74 1,500 0.45 0.48 76.4 - 4.6 227 

Q-6R 0.1 9.6 0.86 - 78.2 0.85 1,240 0.53 0.56 74.7 - 5.6 56.5 

R-1 < 0.06 - 0.8 < 40 0.16 - - < 0.02 < 0.02 0.5 < 0.1 - 8.7 

R-2 0.1 - 0.2 331 < 0.1 - - < 0.02 < 0.02 2.3 < 0.1 - 2.3 

R-3 1.05 - 1.8 2,470 < 0.1 - - < 0.02 < 0.02 2.0 < 0.1 - 0.2 

R-4 0.37 - 0.9 304 0.26 - - < 0.02 < 0.02 7.7 < 0.1 - 0.7 

R-5 0.30 - 6.4 3,140 5.85 - - 0.66 < 0.02 21.8 < 0.1 - 13.9 

R-5R 0.61 9.6 22 - 24.4 < 0.1 1,770 0.42 0.25 68.4 - 2.2 280 

R-6R 0.1 10.3 2.6 - 34.7 < 0.1 1,450 0.3 0.22 44.7 - 4.5 143 

S-1 < 0.06 - 2.6 < 40 < 0.1 - - < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.1 < 0.1 - < 0.1 

S-2 0.1 - 0.3 372 < 0.1 - - < 0.02 < 0.02 0.1 < 0.1 - <2.3 

S-3 0.68 - 4.5 2,170 < 0.1 - - < 0.02 < 0.02 0.5 < 0.1 - <0.7 

S-4 0.39 - 2.6 259 0.13 - - < 0.02 < 0.02 1.9 < 0.1 - 0.3 

S-5 0.22 - 16.0 3,270 1.24 - - 0.4 < 0.02 14.3 < 0.1 - 13.6 S-5R 0.33 7.6 84 - 19.1 0.13 1,040 0.5 0.35 73.2 - 1.2 352 

S-6R 0.1 9.8 39 - 25.6 < 0.1 1,130 0.66 0.43 84.3 - 2.1 425 

T-1 < 0.06 - 0.3 < 40 < 0.1 - - < 0.02 < 0.02 0.7 < 0.1 - 8.8 

T-2 0.08 - < 0.2 174 < 0.1 - - < 0.02 < 0.02 1.9 < 0.1 - 1.7 

31
 
Appendix 3. Amounts of elements leached in sequential extraction experiments given in mg/

['-', not determined or not applicable; 'ins', insufficient material] 

Extract ID Sample ID Extract Step Lab No Job No. Ag Al As Ba Be Bi Ca Cd 

T-3 02Ely2A Extract 3 20-3 - < 0.6 79.1 0.4 < 0.04 < 0.01 < 0.04 < 40 < 0.004 

T-4 02Ely2A Extract 4 20-4 - < 0.6 73.8 < 0.2 0.51 < 0.01 < 0.04 < 40 0.01 

T-5 02Ely2A Extract 5 20-5 - 4.02 348 0.4 54.3 < 0.01 2.36 < 40 < 0.004 T-5R 02Ely2A Residue 5 C-275618 MRP-06906 <2 56,600 1.6 218 1.6 0.59 13,000 0.92 T-6R 02Ely2A Residue 6 C-275640 MRP-06906 <2 75,500 <1 252 2.2 0.16 18,600 0.1 

U-1 02Ely10A Extract 1 21-1 - < 0.6 6.10 < 0.2 0.42 < 0.01 < 0.04 < 40 < 0.004 U-2 02Ely10A Extract 2 21-2 - < 0.6 43.6 < 0.2 0.68 < 0.01 < 0.04 <136 0.01 

U-3 02Ely10A Extract 3 21-3 - < 0.6 105 0.6 < 0.04 < 0.01 < 0.04 < 40 < 0.004 

U-4 02Ely10A Extract 4 21-4 - 2.56 92.7 < 0.2 2.95 < 0.01 0.07 < 40 0.01 

U-5 02Ely10A Extract 5 21-5 - 13.0 661 0.5 43.3 0.01 7.02 < 40 0.07 

U-5R 02Ely10A Residue 5 C-275619 MRP-06906 <2 43,000 2.3 166 0.99 3.09 9,730 1.1 

U-6R 02Ely10A Residue 6 C-275641 MRP-06906 <2 60,100 <1 229 1.4 2.52 14,800 1.3 

V-1 04PKHL9 Extract 1 22-1 - < 0.6 22.5 < 0.2 < 0.04 0.01 < 0.04 1,240 0.12 

V-2 04PKHL9 Extract 2 22-2 - < 0.6 76.6 < 0.2 0.54 < 0.01 < 0.04 <136 0.07 

V-3 04PKHL9 Extract 3 22-3 - < 0.6 156 1 < 0.04 < 0.01 < 0.04 < 40 < 0.004 

V-4 04PKHL9 Extract 4 22-4 - 3.46 53.7 0.2 4.86 < 0.01 < 0.04 < 40 0.01 

V-5 04PKHL9 Extract 5 22-5 - 16.1 427 1 26.7 < 0.01 6.03 < 40 < 0.004 

V-5R 04PKHL9 Residue 5 C-275620 MRP-06906 3.2 21,000 5.8 171 0.65 1.17 3,440 1.1 

V-6R 04PKHL9 Residue 6 C-275642 MRP-06906 <2 28,400 <1 236 1 0.37 4,830 0.36 

W-1 04PKHL11 Extract 1 23-1 - < 0.6 6.36 < 0.2 < 0.04 < 0.01 < 0.04 3,390 0.04 W-2 04PKHL11 Extract 2 23-2 - < 0.6 16.4 < 0.2 0.09 < 0.01 < 0.04 113 0.02 

W-3 04PKHL11 Extract 3 23-3 - < 0.6 39.6 0.4 < 0.04 < 0.01 < 0.04 94.1 < 0.004 

W-4 04PKHL11 Extract 4 23-4 - 0.70 37.5 < 0.2 0.64 < 0.01 < 0.04 < 40 0.01 

W-5 04PKHL11 Extract 5 23-5 - 6.43 244 0.5 33.0 < 0.01 4.68 < 40 < 0.004 

W-5R 04PKHL11 Residue 5 C-275621 MRP-06906 <2 40,700 3.1 204 1.5 1.37 8,300 0.21 W-6R 04PKHL11 Residue 6 C-275643 MRP-06906 <2 48,400 <1 235 2.1 0.14 10,500 0.03 

X-1 NZ-Newmont-A Extract 1 24-1 - < 0.6 3.61 2 < 0.04 0.03 < 0.04 2,390 0.007 

X-2 NZ-Newmont-A Extract 2 24-2 - < 0.6 166 0.7 16.6 0.1 < 0.04 810 0.07 

X-3 NZ-Newmont-A Extract 3 24-3 - < 0.6 422 1 8.50 0.03 < 0.04 196 0.02 

X-4 NZ-Newmont-A Extract 4 24-4 - 5.76 503 2 50.4 0.1 < 0.04 78.0 0.05 X-5 NZ-Newmont-A Extract 5 24-5 - 5.18 1,982 6.1 10.1 0.2 0.04 < 40 < 0.004 

X-5R NZ-Newmont-A Residue 5 C-275622 MRP-06906 6.9 51,300 28.2 414 0.88 < 0.06 799 0.08 

X-6R NZ-Newmont-A Residue 6 C-275644 MRP-06906 4 48,800 4.7 434 0.76 < 0.06 873 <0.007 

32
 
Appendix 3. Amounts of elements leached in sequential extraction experiments given in mg/

['-', not determined or not applicable; 'ins', insufficient material] 

Extract ID Cs Cu Fe Ga Ge K La Li Mg Mn Mo Na Nb Ni 

T-3 0.07 22.0 1,120 < 0.01 < 0.01 - - < 0.2 7.26 0.3 0.54 < 20 - < 0.08 

T-4 0.03 20.5 1,180 0.46 < 0.01 - - < 0.2 13.1 0.7 0.49 - - < 0.08 T-5 0.68 264 53,670 1.0 0.32 - - 0.4 85.9 7.8 10.4 866 - 0.7 

T-5R 1.4 2,250 153,000 14.4 - 11,500 8 7.1 5,620 1,360 23 16,700 8.3 9.7 4

T-6R 1.3 65.9 29,300 16.2 - 13,100 8 12.4 7,060 2,720 8.6 22,400 8.8 9.6 

U-1 0.05 7.2 < 10 < 0.01 < 0.01 - - 0.2 7.67 0.6 < 0.4 < 20 - < 0.08 

U-2 0.02 27.3 13 0.02 < 0.01 - - < 0.2 < 2 <0.7 < 0.4 < 20 - < 0.08 

U-3 0.07 18.2 1,240 < 0.01 < 0.01 - - < 0.2 3.73 0.2 1.38 < 20 - < 0.08 

U-4 0.06 21.1 1,350 0.30 < 0.01 - - < 0.2 13.7 0.6 1.23 - - 0.1 

U-5 0.45 428 50,670 1.1 0.31 - - 0.8 142 11.1 22.3 1,260 - 1.8 

U-5R 2 1,630 155,000 10.4 - 8,940 7.3 9.2 6,320 1,050 23.3 10,400 5 15.6 2

U-6R 2.1 704 117,000 13.5 - 11,300 8.7 13.3 8,700 1,610 11.8 15,200 8.5 16.3 

V-1 0.05 156 14 < 0.01 < 0.01 - - 0.2 143 6.5 < 0.4 < 20 - 1.0 

V-2 0.01 170 35 0.03 < 0.01 - - < 0.2 7.38 <0.7 < 0.4 < 20 - 0.1 

V-3 0.05 61.0 2,240 < 0.01 < 0.01 - - < 0.2 6.92 0.4 1.30 < 20 - < 0.08 

V-4 < 0.004 29.6 1,290 0.23 < 0.01 - - < 0.2 20.9 1.0 0.82 - - 0.08 

V-5 0.09 232 44,170 0.98 0.25 - - 0.2 198 12.0 14.8 967 - 0.9 

V-5R 0.95 9,070 225,000 6.2 - 7,750 3.2 5.7 3,320 215 29.5 2,370 5.1 10.7 3

V-6R 1.2 2,480 161,000 7.5 - 10,200 3.8 10.2 4,010 200 18.3 3,420 7.5 9.4 

W-1 0.07 20.0 < 10 < 0.01 < 0.01 - - 0.2 35.0 2.3 < 0.4 < 20 - 0.2 

W-2 0.02 32.3 23 0.03 < 0.01 - - < 0.2 2.64 <0.7 < 0.4 < 20 - < 0.08 

W-3 0.03 16.0 1,160 < 0.01 < 0.01 - - < 0.2 4.43 0.4 0.53 < 20 - < 0.08 

W-4 < 0.004 16.9 1,290 0.36 < 0.01 - - < 0.2 8.61 1.1 0.57 - - < 0.08 

W-5 0.31 282 59,470 0.97 0.38 - - < 0.2 56.6 12.5 11.8 1,100 - 0.9 

W-5R 0.98 5,780 168,000 14.3 - 13,000 3.7 11 6,940 211 18 7,940 8.6 5.1 4

W-6R 0.94 666 14,900 13.6 - 14,500 1.7 16.1 8,400 191 4.3 9,470 9 3.3 X-1 0.05 3.3 < 10 0.02 0.01 - - 0.8 227 61.6 < 0.4 984 - 1.2 

X-2 0.01 27.0 80 0.1 0.01 - - < 0.2 102 493 < 0.4 35.1 - 2.1 X-3 0.43 22.0 1,220 < 0.01 < 0.01 - - < 0.2 70.9 383 0.42 < 20 - 1.7 

X-4 0.70 10.3 935 0.52 0.03 - - 1.9 298 937 < 0.4 - - 4.0 

X-5 1.93 12.8 4,880 1.0 0.1 - - 9.7 2,150 284 0.46 161 - 10.2 

X-5R 6.8 35.5 19,800 8.1 - 33,100 6.2 97.3 4,380 272 0.53 3,680 4.4 14.2 

X-6R 5.6 8 3,780 6.7 - 35,600 3.2 111 1,960 110 0.2 4,020 4.3 3 

33
 
Appendix 3. Amounts of elements leached in sequential extraction experiments given in mg/

['-', not determined or not applicable; 'ins', insufficient material] 

Extract ID Sb Sc Se SiO2 Sr Th Ti Tl U V W Y Zn 

T-3 1.03 - 0.5 2,700 < 0.1 - - < 0.02 < 0.02 2.2 < 0.1 - 1 

T-4 0.38 - 0.4 506 0.20 - - < 0.02 < 0.02 8.0 < 0.1 - 1 

T-5 0.23 - 10.7 2,990 6.88 - - 0.3 < 0.02 37.4 < 0.1 - 12.8 

T-5R 0.73 14.2 32 - 89.1 3.19 5,330 0.33 0.8 139 - 10.5 283 T-6R 0.28 18.6 2.8 - 124 1.89 4,660 0.31 0.78 115 - 14.2 91.1 

U-1 < 0.06 - 1.1 < 40 0.14 - - < 0.02 < 0.02 0.2 < 0.1 - < 0.1 

U-2 0.08 - < 0.2 173 < 0.1 - - < 0.02 < 0.02 1.8 < 0.1 - <2.3 

U-3 1.04 - 3.4 2,290 < 0.1 - - < 0.02 < 0.02 2.5 < 0.1 - <0.7 

U-4 0.43 - 1.3 580 0.27 - - < 0.02 < 0.02 7.9 < 0.1 - 0.8 

U-5 0.29 - 21.2 3,270 6.00 - - 0.2 0.02 36.9 < 0.1 - 34.1 

U-5R 0.84 13 47 - 63.5 2.6 4,060 0.24 0.77 146 - 7.2 493 U-6R 0.36 17.7 27 - 97.3 2.38 4,930 0.27 0.86 168 - 11.9 557 

V-1 < 0.06 - 1.8 < 40 0.67 - - < 0.02 < 0.02 0.4 < 0.1 - 13.4 V-2 0.07 - 0.3 239 0.16 - - < 0.02 < 0.02 1.5 < 0.1 - 4.5 V-3 1.32 - 10.4 3,410 < 0.1 - - < 0.02 < 0.02 1.9 < 0.1 - 1 V-4 0.39 - 2.7 659 0.54 - - < 0.02 < 0.02 2.9 < 0.1 - 1 

V-5 0.69 - 15.3 3,140 11.6 - - 0.3 < 0.02 12.4 < 0.1 - 35.7 

V-5R 5 3.4 100 - 48.6 1.55 1,660 0.26 0.77 41.9 - 3.2 528 

V-6R 3.2 4.4 55 - 74.2 1.07 1,140 0.32 0.78 44.3 - 4.4 337 

W-1 < 0.06 - 0.4 < 40 0.75 - - < 0.02 < 0.02 0.2 < 0.1 - 3.9 

W-2 0.09 - 0.3 441 0.19 - - < 0.02 < 0.02 0.8 < 0.1 - 0.2 W-3 0.93 - 0.7 2,660 < 0.1 - - < 0.02 < 0.02 0.8 < 0.1 - 0 

W-4 0.43 - 0.8 556 0.41 - - < 0.02 < 0.02 3.6 < 0.1 - 0.9 W-5 0.28 - 12.7 3,070 20.6 - - 0.56 < 0.02 24.5 < 0.1 - 27.6 

W-5R 0.93 7.5 33 - 70.4 2.84 2,680 0.62 0.71 81.9 - 5.5 239 

W-6R 0.32 8.1 5.0 - 83.5 0.33 1,850 0.6 0.55 71.9 - 5.7 53.9 X-1 < 0.06 - < 0.2 254 4.20 - - < 0.02 < 0.02 0.6 < 0.1 - 2 

X-2 0.1 - < 0.2 728 4.92 - - < 0.02 < 0.02 <0.6 < 0.1 - 15.3 

X-3 1.00 - < 0.2 1,770 2.03 - - 0.1 < 0.02 0.8 0.81 - 10.1 

X-4 0.82 - < 0.2 1,060 5.25 - - < 0.02 < 0.02 2.0 0.82 - 22.2 

X-5 0.37 - 2.7 4,240 < 0.1 - - < 0.02 < 0.02 12.7 0.72 - 48.2 

X-5R 14.1 9.1 0.60 - 61.3 3.55 1,870 1.88 0.78 53.5 - 5.6 109 

X-6R 13.1 6.7 0.22 - 71.1 2.5 1,740 2.03 0.78 34.6 - 4.4 28.6 

1 Explanation of results: The concentrations in extracts 1 through 5 are presented as solid concentrations and were calculated from the e

concentration and solid -to-extraction solution ratio. The concentrations in residues remaining after steps 5 (5R) and 6 (6R) are for solphase results for extracts 1 through 5 plus extract 5R should sum to the total mass of the sample. The subtraction of 6R from 5R represaqueous and gaseous phases by step 6 reagents (fig. 5). 

2 Results from ICP-MS analysis for all elements except Se concentrations in residues, which were determined by HG-AAS. 3 If the concentration of an element was near the detection limit in the blank, concentrations were not corrected. For samples with blank 

than the detection limit, the concentration in the blank was subtracted from the concentration in the samples for a given extraction step became the concentration in the blank (shown in italics). 

4 Concentrations of Cr and SiO2 in blanks for steps 2 and 5 were equal to or greater than many extract concentrations. Data are invalid 

34