14

DIFFERENTIAL FERTILITY, 1940 AND 1910

Table 6.—NUMBER OF CHILDREN UNDER 5 YEARS OLD PER 1,000 WOMEN 15 TO 49 YEARS OLD,

Rat

“Bos¢ttetant of Variation’)

E BY AGE AND COLOR OF WOMAN,
MARITAL STATUS OF WOMAN, FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY REGIONS, URBAN AND RURAL:

[statistics based on Sample ¢ {1940) and Sample W (1910). por 1,000 women based on total wonen of given class.

1940 AND 1910--Con.

STANDARDIZED FOR

For explanation of astertoks, see text staténant om

CHTLDREN-PER 1,000 MOAN, UNADTUSTED

OHTLDREN PER 1,000 owsEN, ADIUSTED

AREA AND SUBIECT

‘age of woman--yeare

‘Age of wanan—yeare

Total ‘Tote
wonen | 15 to] 20t0| 25 to] 90 to | 96 to] 40 to | 45 to} women |j 15 to] 20 to | 28 to | 90 to | 35 to] 40 to | 45 to
19 EN | 8e cn a w]e e9 4 ap | ae | as
UNETED STATES--RURAL-NOUPAREI--Con,
A211 Chaseos, 1810

Unstanderdized, total women... 435 25 | 605 | ess | 709] so] me | 96 ser | 100 | 638 | avo | 776 | 599 | 92 | aon
Married once, busbayd present 783 509 | 1,001 | 1,088.] 905} 699} 400 | 12s | 82 || 595 | 2,053 | 1,16¢] 62 | 735) 421 | ie9
Other ever married..sssesee++ 44 ass | "729 | "zoo | sea | 427 | er | ma 456 |) ave | "767 | "ss | aaa | aaa | 2x9 | 95

Stondardized, total woes, 465 9] a6 | 72] 7m) sap] mo] 95 ae3] 62] sz] sig] 737. | 877 | 826 | 100

nite, 1810

Unotandardized, total waren 498 er | co | eco | vr] sv] m8 | 90 so | | ses | a5} res | soe] om | om
Warried once, husband prest 74 gio} 1,014 | aj206 | m3) 700] 97 | 116 eis || sex | 1,085 | 2,251 | 950 | 728] as | at
Other over marrisdee sss. uae 4 ‘val | "77a | oar | 445 | 225 | aL aso | 445 | ’es | "sos | 67 | aes | 234 | 85

‘Standardized, total wanoa..scs.| 467 jo | io | 95 | mr | ssa | 805 | as 4s] st | sat | aaa | 745 | srs | seo | 92

Nonwitte, 2910~ . so.

Unatandardized, totel wonen, « 486 ssp | ea | 699 | 602 | soa | 900 | 242 sez | iss | 703 | ran | 574 | sez | 96 | ase
Yarried once, husband proveat.,.| 777 50a | gsr | s56 | 029 | sas] a7 | ale 870 || sea | 1,069 | 1,071) 928 | 770] 489 | 287
Other over marr 413 soa | ese | 555 | 468 | ara | 285 | 08 ase | 56¢.| ‘70a | ‘saz | sie | a9 | 26s | 1a

Standardized, total women, 438 so | a | 660] 625 | saa | ass | iso | sis |} er | sis | 78 | mor | sor} ars | a9

+ UNITED STAPES~-RURAL-FARE ‘

AIL Classes, 1940

Unstanterdized, tovel wonensesss+.| 409 ra | 579 | +799 | 69 | sor | 283 | 97 an] 90 | ss7 | 9m] 764 | 507 | 28 | ne
Married ones, ‘busband prosent...| 683 sea | 957 | sor | 779] 872 | 820 | 208 729 || soa | 1,287 | ago} 897 | 52 | a69 | has
Other ever nurriodesssscseeeeece| 48 sso | sei | gos | 603 | 440) 245 | 00 ssi | ain | "se | "ose | 700 | 507 | 200 | a5

Standardized, totel woneQ,.vscsss] 402 3 | 503 | 78 | 27 | ava | er | 59 ase |) 7s] 805 | 880] 722 | 545] 900 | 107

nite, 1940 .

Unstandardized, totel wonon,. 397 sr | sso | 735] 56 | aa} err | 08 ao |) 76 | 6a3 | ase | 7a sis | 99
Married once, husband present...) SL soa | 97 | 967 | 765] aso} sto | 95 | 690 | 57 | 3,105} aus | asd | sex} a0 | 107
Other ever warrisdssseveesesevse| 472 ase | ore | a7 | ca | cas | ees | as sas | sis | “900 ex | soa | 275 | 97

Standardized, total womea.yssccces| 389 se | sos | var | 620 | 482 | 280 |, 84 ao 87 | smi | ess | ror | sa | ame | 98

Woawhite, 1940

Vnstandardized, totel wonon.......] 473 am} 668 | ai | 705 | ors) me | 262 ses | acs | ais | a,0x7 | 976 | mis | 395 | 200
Married onco, husband preseat...| 774 693 | 1,087 | 1,056 | a7 | 723] 409 | 79, g61 | 743 | 2,208 | 1ysi2 | 1,092 | sos | soe | eee
Ober ever mrriedssesseseeessce| 507 yoo | 'es, | ‘var | 5m | 49a | zee | 356 a0 |} -e73 | rose | "ss | 'za¢ | 625 | gon | 19D

Standardized, totel wontasscvssses| 475 74 | 525 | 760] 860 | 88 | 520 | Iss s90 || 52] “es2 | 94 | e58 336 | 199

sto

Unstandardized, total won: ose 6 | 605 | 93a | sas | 79a | sm | 62 esa | 76 | 699 oa | 76 | 298

usband me 89 629 | 3,202 | 1,266 | 1,104 | 902 570 | 166 | 1,022 |} eo | 1,267 2,087 | 655 | 214

565 993 | "azo | ‘ara | ‘ree | cea | sae | 120 49 |} ase | "943 ea | 44a | 198

Standareized, total woxea, 542 os | ss. | 909 | are | reo | asa | das ees] ca | 630 ex8 | 280 | 170
Waite, 1920

Unatandaréized, totel womens...) 582 se | sea | 90. | 962 | 793] soo | isa | 23 |] 70 | 665 | azar | a,077 | 997 | ses | ama
Uarried once, husband present... | 879 sel | a,102 | 1,270 | ajio7 | e93 | 582 | ave so || seo | a.2a7 | 1,497 | 1,252 | 1,010] 698 | 198
Other ever arriedssescesessscrs| 586 as | ‘ser | 'o4s | “oar | 667 | 97 | ana | se |} amt | “mn | iyoa7 | "oss | ‘755 | 49 | 26

Btanderdized, totel wom 5a 9 | sss | 925] 688 | 733] 459 | 157 aiz |] 67 | 629] 2088 | 1,008 | ozs) aio | ise

Wonwhite, 1910 -

Unstandardized, total wonen....+..| 588 eo | en | sre | 699 | 7. | soa | ase sso |} 99 | o29 g73| 28 | 299

Married once, husband progent...| 952 s6o | 1,20¢ | a,245 | 2,088 | 963 | 623 | sos | 2,177 || 696 | 2,206 1jiso | 782 | 975
518 ssp | "709 | "ver | “eas | san | sos | 146 ‘so | 4a | “ois ‘70 | 439 | 80
864 1 | saz | o70 | 629] mae] 450 | 228 sor} 75 | 670 920 | 608 | 279

‘421 Classes, 1940

Unotendardized, totel woren.......| 227 vee | 270 | ass | gov | 205] ure | te | . 2s | tea | on | ane | sep | ase | am | tas
Married once, husband present...) 403 | tse | 70s | 701 | 597 | sea | tas | #58 495 | *ss9 | 759 | 755 | 579 | oa | ss | aL
Other ever married.sessssese 245 = | 605 | sis | a50 | nes | on - 254 ~ | os3 | 59 | 378 | *o] "9a | =

Standardized, total wononssssess| BAL si | ss | so} ay | sa} ous | “se 23 |) 66] 969 | 550 | 480 | 73] ea | 88

wnite, 1640

Unstenderdized, tote woren....+..| 228 wea | 265 | asa | 408 | 49 | ate | to, eas || tes | ees | 498 | 426 | er | 120 | toe
Married once, husbend present...) 408 | *499 | 70. | 705 | 54a | ee | as '| *98 aaa || sas | 755 | 757 | sea | ua | 156
Other ever married. +++» ve] BAD - 594 539 368 | *208 “92 - 267 - 888 879 a9s | faa | 99

Standardized, total woRens.cccss.| BAL va | sso | sis | ae | ase | ula | te vse | coz | sae | ssa | 456 | 275 | 32

Womihite, 1940
Unstendardized, tote? wouen, 208 - | tar | tsar -| - - - 243 ~ | ts | *504 - : - >
1407 Z| ost - zy] 2 : =| tas = | 802 - : > : :
205 : = : Zp ot oa ee ees} 2 ~ 2 : : : :
26 = | Moe | 409 s] oe -| oo: ae | = | ao | tenn - - -
364 roa | on | ese | 608 | ase | a | te9 376 acy | ars] ozo | ava] 287 | ma
ez | tars | 30s | aos | 538 | so | ssa | 896 535 906 | 1,050 | 267 | 640] (045 | *99
281 ~ | as | ss: as | *253] asa | eat sm | “sai | 453 | 208 | *is9 | -
Standardized, toted women..sscs.| 982 sa | 44s | ron | see | 452 | 249 | 259 388 40 | 726 | o43.| 478 | 257 | "72
White, 1910

Unstendartized, total wen. 367 va | sma | see | x7 | asa | age | #70 | 900 |] toa | a7 5 | sea | zen | tre
Married once, husband present...) 676 “rT 910 | 2,025 aq? | 624 sas | +97 699 || 7493, 94 876 645 | sa7 | *200
Other ever Marriedscccesevereven| 289 ~ | 638 | ‘sso | 433 | 298 | vse |= 209 + | 660 "908 } 6a | =

Standardized, tote wonenss.scvss| 985 vou | 450 | mis | em] ase | ae. | t68 saa | +56 | 465 ess |* 44} 260 | 7

Nonwhite, 1910

Vnstenderdized, total wonen.......| 229 = | tess | te, -| - - - 205 - | tran | *360 - - - :
Married once, husband present...| *46) = | 664 : rt ot I I] de ees : : : i :
Othor over narried,.++++ 188 : . : pot : 2] ner : - - : : : :

Standerdized, total wouen. 256 = | soe | 404 cto: : : 270 2] sas | er : : : -



FERTILITY. AND REPRODUCTION RATES

Furthermore, the results are subject to some sampling vari~
ations, since the fertility rates used were those based on
Sample C and Sample W. Ina few instances, a percentage greater
than 100 appears in the tables. This situation arises from the
fact that the women in the sample data happened to have, on
the average, more children than women in the complete count.

Table B-4.—PEROENTAGE OF ALL WHITE AND NONWHITH CHILDREN UNDERS YEARS
OLD REPRESENTED TH SAMPLE 0, FOR STATES, URBAN AND RURAL: 1940

(Statiatics are ahom only for those color groups for which 1985 to 1940 reproduc
‘elon rates are presented in table 11)

‘TOTAL ‘URBAN | RURALANOWFARM| RURAT-FARM
StATE Wate [#2 limtee |¥2=Tenute |¥TM. | nate | Yom
white wnite | TMe | white white
es.6| o7.0| -| 97.5] ore
=| 954) =] =]
{siz} =] 96,7) 08.7
=] aos} =| oso]
Z| m2] =} 982] =
ZT} sea] 2) 2] 2
=] 98.0} 9.1) 95.4) | =
eo.9] 942] '-| 96:9] 90.0
=| 91s] =| axe]
=| ses] =] 987] >
-| 9a] -
gee) -
=| oe] =
=] map =
wea] 205,7| =
=| ges] -
=| ons| -|am5]  -
f{omal =] ef =
=| gee] =] one] =
io} =| 98a] =
| oes} =] 9715] a5
- | sas} -
= fhenz| =
z T}on2] =
-| ous] -] 7]
sae| gor] =| a0]  -
=| 96:6} =| 969/252
=| sas) =| 2] =
ou) 95] =| a0) =
=| 300: Than] =
| -| o.0/ -
s20] sa} =| a7] =
=| 100.0] =} 96.4] 95.2
=| se}
t] ea] =
85. =| 92] e29
3 : z
6.1 : 28.9
” 99.9 : -
Wost Virgindasssccssccssed] 98:2 : a
Msconsinesssssccecsesece | 970 : -
WYOMING see seeeesee ese ns] B55, - = - - =

35

In some othér instances, the percentage shown for a State is
not intermediate between the corresponding percentages for ur-
ban and rural portions of that State. This situation arises
from the fact that the distribution of women by urban and rural
residence in the sample differed slightly from that in the
complete count.

Table B-5,—PERCENTAGE OF ALL WHITE AND NONWELTE CHILDREN UNDER 5 YEARS
‘OLD REPRESENTED IN SAMPLE W, FOR STATES, URBAN AND RURAL: 1910

(Statistios are not avatlable separately for rural-onfare and rural-fere ares
‘Statistics are show only for thove color groups for which 1805 to 1910 repro=
duction rates are presented in table 11; atatiation are shown for *rura® if re-
rodotion rates are prevented tn le 21 for either ruselrtonnun or rude
far

TOTAL URDU RURAL
sme

Yon Yon Hon

Mite |wndee | | white | ME | white

9,0] 97.0 6.6

a a

97, ene

oe -

% i

FS :

%, -

92, -

95, 2

a7 28.4

6.7 -

98.8 -

9n8 -

96.7 =

99.1 90.7

98.0
m8 -
8.9 3
5 2 =
98,2 7 -
95.5 - cay
5 - -
68 - -
98.4 - "
97.5 - =
95.8 - -
2 = =
984 85.4 =
8.5 =| 9.5] 94.7
=| 9755 -
5.5] m1} 0 =
=| 99.6 -
Z| sat2} =
90.0
85.7

3 Percentages for urban and rural parte of the State are not shown, because
‘Sauple Wand the couplete count in the definition of urban



Appendix A:
Appendix B:

Appendix 0:
Appendix D:
Appendix Er

APPENDIXES

Completeness of enumeration of children under 5 years old in the censuses of 1940 and 1910..ss.ssseeseueeees

Proportion of all children under 5 years old and 5 to 9 years old ‘represented in Sample © (1940) and
Sample W (1910) .s.sssseceeseseeeeeeeeeeeneer

Life-table stationary population for females under 55 years’ old, 1980 to 1939 and 1909 to 1911......

Procedure for computing gross and net reproduction rates,from age-specific ratios of children to women......

Procedure for computing average annual age-specific birth rates from ratios of children under 6 years
old to women......

Page
82

84
86
389

40

31



APPENDIX E

PROCEDURE FOR COMPUTING AVERAGE ANNUAL AGE-SPECIFIC BIRTH RATES FROM RATIOS OF CHILDREN UNDER 5 YEARS OLD 10

‘The average annual age-specific birth rates shown in this
report were computed from the census data on number of children
under 5 years of age per 1,000 Woren in various age groups
(obtained from the report entitled "Differential Fertility,
1940 and 1910—Pertility for States and Large Cities"). The
method of computation was, in general, similar to that used
for computing quinquenntel female birth rates over the five-
year pertod preceding the census date, as explained in Appendix
D. The steps are piven below:

1. The ratios of children to women were adjusted for un-
derenumeration of children in the census (see Appendix A) and

WOMEN

for the extent to which those children enumerated were not rep~
resented in the sample data on which the fertility reports
are based (see Appendix B).

2. Allowances for deaths of children and deaths of women
during the S-year period were made by means of survival pro~
portions based on the life tables. ‘he method of computing
these allowances was the same as that described in Appendix D,
except that for the chilaren, life-table stationary population
figures for both sexes combined were used instead of those for
females. ‘The figures for both sexes are shown in table E-1-

Table E-1.—LIFE-TABLE STATIONARY POPULATION (Lx) FOR CHILDREN UNDER 6 YEARS OLD, BY COLOR, FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY REGIONS,
URBAN AND RURAL! 1930 TO 1939 AND 1905 10 1910

(the radix of each Life table ts 10,000; that ia, tha figures may be interpreted
wo,

the nuaber of years lived in the fret tive years of Life by the survivors of

000 birth)

Yoowhl.te

30,889
40,087

55,197
42,998

35,517
26,084
ony

8, The resuiting age-specific birth rates for women over a
five-year period were converted into average annual birth rates

for women who were in specific age intervals in each of the
five years preceding the date of the census. For this purpose,

40 :

it was necessary to take into account the fact that women were
shifting from one age interval to another during the five-year
period, whereas birth rates for women of fixed age intervals
were desired. ‘The varying ages’ were taken into account by
means of a series of interpolation equations.

)


8 DIFFERENTIAL FERTILITY, 1940 AND 1910

LD, STANDARDIZED FOR AGE AND COLOR
,—— NUMBER VER BORN PER 1,000 WOMEN 18 TO 49 YEARS OLD AND 80 TO 74 YEATES 5
‘Tene Sy * aa WOMAN, FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY REGIONS, URBAN AND RURAL: 1940 AND 1910
exoopt ever married not reporting on emiidren, ALL

qutgen paand on senple © (1040) and Seaple W (2510), Raton por, 1,000, vewen Ooshl fh tovel wontn of given class,

Raton per  aGertolente of verietion of less than 2.0” peraent]
Dra ORTLDREN PER 1,000 CCHELDREN PER 1,000
ou, 1 oer, Ti Wow, 2040 ‘ou, 3920,
AREA. AND AG. Srandardized fore Beandardiaed fore ‘sts AND. AGE Standardizes for—- Binndardized For--
‘OF OMAK —| OF WOMAN
‘Upatands— ge jnstand- Age Ungtang Age. JUnatand-| ee
artis fardized ardized | aga | cotor Age | Coror}
color) end ‘ge | cotor | and
a eolor'] color color
‘URTTED STATES - ‘HE NORTH CENTRAL STATES
Gon»
wa Rural-nonfarm
15 to 49 yearas. a,ea2 | 2,322) 1,882) 1,902] 2,941} 2,075] 2,220 | 2,079 0
0 ‘ereseeeseed n "703 | 4,753 ayers | 2,820) 2,546) 2,556) 1,909} 2-086 2,078
20 to peareceecven] St | Bane ene see Tey Bure | sfa4n| 9;207| 8370) 4,749] 4,725 45765
vreen
15 to 4 prarsn ona) 1,568) 3,577

23 yy
alee | areca | 2,666 4,200 | 4,273 | 4,267

1,e04 | 2,681) 1,854) 1,893) 2,264
‘583

B to 1 focceee
fe Me mace 3,685 | 8,842/ 3,872) 9,876) 5,!

Roral-aontara

ta @ yenreeceeecrenl LY

B ses | 1,002 | 1,867] 1,608] 2,087 | 2,247) 2,070
$0 to 74 years. TY ajsee | 9) 3

sisai|,aie] 4,885! 4,679) 4,544

x,t | 1,206] 2,602] 2,679| 2,278 | 2,738 | 2,984} 2,089
furalnfare atsso | afes2| 9,798] 3,799) 6,779] 5,77] 5,828 | 5,528
AS to 49 yes 1,960 | 2,096] 1,948} 2,070) 2,506) 2,770] 2,475
50 to 74 yearas. ‘tzas | 4250 | 6,208 | 4,231] 5,708 { 8,200) 5,618

NCRASTERN ayaa { aes! 1,104[ 2,198] 1,690 | 1,820 | 2,
me State Big93 | sfooe| 21943] 2,946] 4,792 | 4,757} 4,560) +,02

ial,
WS to 49 yraraeees 90} 2,160} 2,289) 2,260) 2,672} 2,708) 1,852
arene { 2,0aa| 2,675 | 2,601| 3,208 | ajare| 8,907) 8,

2,674 | 1,706] 4,660) 1,/
3,967 | 3,957) 9,936] &,

Rurel-ferm

2,088
47)

ren) 8,265) 2,784) 9,288
466 | 6,462) G,202| 6,1Re

2,078] 1,599] 1,852] 2,579 | 2,699,
2h607| 3,987 ) 4,005) 9,598) 4,082

1,499] 2,900 | 2,924 | 1,694 | 3,916
2yp10| 3,699) 3,693) 2,752 | 9,749,

3,039

x,se2 | 1,282) 1,849) 21,8201
46a

eivar | ayrse{ 2,78] 2,776]

7s0| 1,688 | 2,010 | 2,975 | 2,641!
300] 3 3 ,

arse | 1,040{ 2,227} 2,099} 2,265 | 3,992] 2,839) 2,396
2'a6e | 21368) 2,304] 21082] 3,900 | 4,030) 9,994) 4,087

Fe) 1,522 | 1,970] 1,810] 2,929] 2,080] 2,278} 2,096) 2,208

2 se bie | afara| af3ua| afser| Avona| 4josa| 4;si0 «on.
ren

8 t0 49 earns. aase | ue] ase] 1

3 0 fame ga | bien | st6u0| af654 ans S083 | B88] Grads | stent

‘Tale 4.—-NUMBER OF CHILDREN EVER BORN PER 1,000 WOMEN 15 70 74 YEARS OLD, BY , WOMAN

D A AGE AND COLOR OF |, STANDARDIZED FOR MARITAL

‘STATUS OF WOMAN, FOR TRE UNITED STATES, BY REGIONS, URBAN AND RURAL: 1940 AND 1910

fStarteties raoed on Sample ¢ (2940) and Sample W (2930). Rates
explanation of

4,000 natn eased on total nantn of gon clase,  exogpt ever married not repo
idee, o08 tent statonont on Noonftictont of Yariation ied tok rererntag oe satires

_ RUDE FER 1,000 WME, 1940 GHELOREN FBR 1,000 WOMEN, 2920
oH, COLOR, 490 Tonvanderolaed
OM, So, Standardized for marital vate Tastantardiaed Sranterdived for earitad tevin
Teel) Borel : =
orm [unten | BER) +] uaa PF ustan | Sef BI] rotar | urnan | Ben | Ree] noean | urban) Mapes) arate
‘UNITED STATES — =
nas chanson
potas, 18 74 yoares|_ 1,796 1,796
. 2,542 2,465 aoe || 2,292] 2,001 | 3,239
(219 yettecceesee| 6 als
al @ 70. 7”
we) of ea sos |) ops] roa} ne
sua [ a 602 ase || aeie| 1,000 | 2,088
vot} ee Sits Barr || atoar| Bisa | 3}
Eani| ace sae sisil || 2,740| 3,498 | 4,228
aim | ace "208 sino. |) sama) 2l9a7 | 4,228
: " abos ites | afvos| 43252 | 8,204
zen} 2.52
ara ee 4580 ase || 3,956] 4,998 | 5,407
oct) bare 9 Gna | am! Gee | ber
i! 4,788 4,489 4,748 5,096
fora, 18 ¢0 74 yearned 7
1774 2,499) 1,779) 2,586} 1,¢74 | 2,497 | 2,408
AB $9 ID yeardsereeeseee 64 88 - * beses | 2807) Bete | 8,008
a 51 es} 65 se
5 t m5 : a cd 08 aa oe, or a4 ica as
rd vei] Leh] BY) ama | pe aan | utis| ate | abe
2 Simo} za} ars} lose | sor | S1aa0 alas {| ajoza{ 2,051 | 3,067 -
gig7s] 21488) 2,201) 2,676 | amie | 9,770 ayeRs 26747] 340RR | 088
* i288] ra80} Biboe | Sree) S09 EST | Sere] teen | Slom
3 agen) 2am} 2,801] 3,008 | 3,00 ’ ’ ‘ ‘
; 21} 3,006} 9,20] 4,
6 dass] aioas | aese[syase | ayana usr aaa |} 9,927] 4,152] 5,302
veer son] aiaee] ayaro | jana | Aje6a Sher tasn| er | sie
rf i y oH



18 DIFFERENTIAL FERTILITY, 1940 AND 1910
‘Table 6— NUMBER OF CHILDREN UNDER 5 YEARS OLD PER 1,000 WOMEN 15 10 49 YEARS OLD, BY AGH AND COLOR OF WOMAN,
MARITAL STATUS OF WOMAN, FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY REGIONS, URBAN AND RURAL: 1940 AND 1910-~con.

BBeatietice vated on Gonpe € (1940) and Sample w (2910), Retes por 3,000 women based on total noson of given class, For explanation of asterisks,
sdoeffieient of Yartation'|

STANDARDIZED FOR :

etext statement on

CHITLDRION PER 2,000 WOMEN, UNADTUSTED ‘CRTLDREN PER 1,000 WOMEN, ADJUSTED
5 ‘Age of wonun--yeare 0 of -
. AREA AND SUBIZOT ota otat ‘Age of wonan--yeare
wonen [25 to] 20 to | 20 to | soto | a5 to | 4 to] 45 to | wonen | is to] 2 to | a5 to | sa to [85 to | 49 to | 45 to
we | BD a | a8 “| 8 w | 2 | 2s a | | o
‘TIE SOUTHE--UREAN-Gon,
All Olasseo, 1910

Unatandardiaed, total wonen..... me | vor | ses | ses] aso] ass | |. - a2e | 60] 903 | -s52 | 505 | ra] te02 -
Married once, husband present. se. | *ee | mse | me] eo] sia | 208 = | sar | tsso} 751] 860 | 730 | sao} *302 :
Othor over MArricde.sesee seer zr | vae9| 4s | gee | tang | 227 ~| = 260 | *o6 | 47. | 408 | *595 | 298 - -

Standardized, totel woren, 836 42 | 36s | 566] 609 380 | 206 = | ass | so] sae | bes | 535 | <00| taa7 -

. atte, 1910 . 7 ° .
Unstandardized, total omen, sag f tse | ass | ein | 560] 403 | tei7 - ass | *50| a5 | 52 | sre | ane] eee -
seo [ass | ere | 905] m6] ses | #209 | saz | v4is | 620 | 524 | 772 | 560] #205 :
299 ~ | *s52 | tsa] *420| *270 ~ >] 508 ~ | *se9 | *853 | 429 | 276 - :
seq | 49 | 400 | cas | | ats | *eaz | - ara |) *s0| 409 | cas | 589 | aan] 207 -
ess | tos | tan. 200 | *e9 -| = | 28 fits | tase | tao | toes | te07 : :
Yarried once, husband present a7 | aor | 827 sao] = I] of | sas | mace | even | te08 | tse 2 I Z
Other ever marriedeesenseveeeces | 196 - | 1964 -{ : = | 2 P= | sais | #306 + z] of :
Standentized, total woxon. aro | tr | *302 953 | 295 : - su | 4] 20s | #458 | *408 | tocp] - -
|, THE SOUT-~RURAL-NONPARIE
AL Casnea, 1940
Unstanderdized, totel womens... | 972 |sro7 | sm | ec6] asa] sae | ner | - ass | tue} 508 | 699 | 528 | 04] 2378 :
3] 587 |e | ero | s2e | 595] 400 | *e05 | = cot | tees | 927 | 975 | esa | aes | 228 -
S] ass [eae | ess.) tsee | tana | var =| = | 37a i ssza |. *793 | Ye05 | tass | 200] = :
Standantized, totel wouodeesccesss | 345 sz | 440°] 90] 47 sen | mica] - | 67 | 6s | 469 | 628 | aor | sae) *a75 :
vatte, 1940
«| saa fries | sn | cee} saz] ago | fro | - ‘roo | sn | me | saa | 57] 279 -
| 365 | vsi7 | 55 | ese | 507] 94. | 208] = ses | *543 | 930 | 87 | a7 | ae | ane -
2] sm > | #793 | 509] tase | *298 -{ 2 soa | = | *770 | 620 | tas | tao] | - -
T] sar feo] 4s | coe] 47a] ea | tes | = | asa | tes |) ave | a2 | 02 | a0] azn -
=| 326 - | 499 | tae] t400] = - - | 388 | =] tose | tena | tesa - - :
: = | 9758 | t766 | t803] = =] = | ase | =] 007 | vase | 887 tye -
Other over RETICGsesseeeereesee | 4812 : - - =|: : a - - - : : :
Standardized, totel wonenssssssee | 342 | 72 | t999 | tnaa | tam] - =} = | 528 |} rer] t4s0 | es | *498 - - -
ALL Classes, 1510 . .
«| sex fesd |. 698 ] sao] rer] ois | soap] = | san | sea | rar | aa | ne | ea | va7e -
2] ass ft | a,ose | 1220] 979] 77m | ase |= par, | *548 | 1,307 | 2,202 | 2,064 | 927 | 492. :
fy] aes | ware | “Fra | “fes0 | vm | *438 =| = | 303°} #805 | 776°] #740 | “429 | taro] -
Standardized, totel wonadeccceces | 508 so | mo | 769] 4a] soe | tose] = | sas | ca | sar | a7 | 798 | 603 | t978 -
waste, 1910 . . 4
sor [iso | 720 | 974] 260] ses | tora | - | sae | 205] 760 | 2,015 | 995 | 694] 389 :
es? | *5i4 | 1,000 | 3,186 | 1,015] 795 | *464 | = se | “sos | 2,125 | 15295 | 1,087 | sa] 400 : +
581 ~ | “ees | “tees | “45 | *sis es ee ee :
sos | ss9 | 545 | asa} 00] ssi | tsar | = se7 | *e1| ses |’ 900 | saa | 657 | *a76 -
an “| - | 508 | t703| teu} - -| - saz | | 704 | | t009 | #595, : : :
285 = | toa | #955] tap] = = {= | sos f= | #2092 | #2206 | 965 =| - -
“an : =| 2 oe et : - - ~ : 2 :
Standardized, total woren. s+ 462 | 60 | *46i, vee] + =| | se | t69| #890] vee | rer |. - - -
(HE SOUTH--RORAL-FARM °
ALL Classes, 1940

tnstandertized, toter wonen.......| 445 | 10. | 699 | sir} 675} x8 | as | tne | seo] us} ma | 95a | 799 | eae} ara | ti40 t
Warried once, busband present... | 687 J 535 | 1,028] 957 | 794) sar | jam | *126 | 807 |) sz9 | 1,208 | 2372 | 900 | 700] 496 | “148
Other ever narried.. siz Jvsca | ‘ase | siz] 617 | asx | #258 | - | coe | tesa | ayo | ‘asa | 725 | “saz roo. -

Standardized, total wouonssssscss, | 499, 65 | 525 | 738] 629] sop | gor | ‘11, | soo |) 76] ‘627 | 67 | 752 | 598) S54 | M193

Waste, 1940

Vostantardized, total women, 44 +88. 620 “B10 657 | 5ae sis | fos 496 jf #101, 720 926 7162 sso] 365 | #119
Married once, tusbend present... | 660 | tsop | 2,00 | a7) nre| ooi ‘| asa | suse | 75¢ | pone | narz| aso | eee) 675) ile | v9
Other ever married... mis | ve | “an | eer | tea | 408 | *270| 590 || *538 | i,018 | “ger | *728 | 385 | *309 -

Standardized, total wanons.sccsscs | | 422 30 | sz | sa] sa] 497 | sco | +99 | 4m: || 69} ‘soz | oxo | 719 | sea) sas | “19

Nonwhite, 1940

Unstandardized, total wonen.......| 472 | #299 ais| ssa] srg | tors | - | 500 |] tise] ze | a,ox2 | aoa f ems! rose -
Married once, husband yreseat...|° 773 | *598 1,052 7a svar | 4p | = | 68 |] sas | 2,289 | 2,210 | 2,087 | "900 | *508 -
Other ever narziedssssssee+ 505 f ene rao | +594] “428 ~| = | 629 |] *sa7 | *1,080 | “4908 | “47e7 | #520 ~ :

Standardized, totel wonsassiescce| 47 | A74 7s | sei} sss | *se| - | 520 | *s2| “ess | sai) sae | 708] 008 -

1 Classes, 1910 ,

Unotanderdized, total women 620 90 ros | 1,072| 1,029] 605 670 | *190 ya] a7 | 239 | 2,257 | a,a18 | 1,047] 875 | tee5 -
Married oneo, husband pre 2,00. | 988 | 2,185 | 3,945 | tei] 2,089 | 659 | +227 | 1105 | 660 aya] 792 | 269
Other ever Marrieds.e.seeesessee| 593 | ¥903 | ‘oes | “ea| "707| tess | 409 | — - | "702 | rasa re | ans =

Standerdized, total wonedivsecee | 602 on | 556 | 957] 40! out | ses | *6 | ne | 79 s60| 625 | #208

mite, 1910
eatanderdized, otal vonen se | sas | zee son} 926 | see} 27 | mae || tn09 2,060] sae | 295
201g | 1566 | 2,219 ayzes|a,042 | seo | "aor | 2,269 | wss6 ass | 700 | 201
es. | eas | 526 is| $767 | tasz | = | "758 | M477 jee | vera | |=
cre se} si ss6| sea | 547 | "57 ne] om ore| 7 | *180
Nonwhite, 1910 }

Unstentardied, total wonenss.....{ 589 | #80] 675 | 97a] _ go7| #7se | 505 | - | mas | sio2| ase | 2,248 | 2247 /42,015| seas -
Married once, husband presen 965 | 062 | 1,107 | 1,246] 2,080| #960 | eae] = |, wns. 1,416 | 1,593 | 1398 |*tj209| "212 >
‘Other ever marr eis | #saa | #705 | Aree | © 4e07) #506 ~ : vaio | oar | “#526 | “Feis | *e08 - -

Standardized, total wonen sss i ter | sas | oral © 520) m5 | masa | = ra! 694} ajas | 2,062 | ssa! te28 :



APPENDIX C

LIFE~TABLE STATIONARY POPULATION FOR FEMALES UNDER 65 YEARS OLD, 1930 10 1939 AND 1909 10 1911

In the computation of reproduction rates and other fertil~
ity rates based on numbers of women and their chlidren under 5
years old and 5 to 9 years old, a restorative allowance was
made for deaths among both the children and the women between
the period when the children were born and the date of the
census, The allowance for mortality was based on the station-
ary population, or the L, column, of specially prepared life
tables. For most of the fertility measures, only the Hy values
for females under 55 years old were required for the Computa-
tions. These 1 values are presented in tables C-1 to C-3. The
life table values for rural areas were applied to women in both
rural-nonfam and rural-farm areas,

The majority of the life tables used for the present re-
port were computed py the somewhat less precise abridged or
indirect methods and are adequate tor the purpose at hand, but
are subject to greater error than the life tables elsewhere
published by the Bureau. In particular, the life tables for
the period 1909 to 1911 should be regarded only as approxima—
tions to the true mortality conditions prevailing at that time,
Adequate death statistics were available only for those States

in the Death Registration Area of the United States, Hetween
1909 and 1911 only about a fourth of the States wore included
in the Death Registration Area. The death rates on which the
life tables are based had to be estimated for States not In
the Death Registration Area from 1909 to 1911. The estimates
were based on the number of deaths, classified by color, sex,
and age, enumerated for each State in the census of 1900, and
from the know trend.1n death rates’ between 1900 and 1911 for
the Death Registration area.

"AS a check on the method, age-specific death rates, eati-
mated from 1900 census data were projected to 1909-1911 for
each of the States in the Death Registration Area of 1910. The
resulting estimates for 1909-1911 death rates were compared
with corresponding rates computed from actual death atatiatica
for 1909-1911, and were found to be in satisfactory agreemont.
In addition, the white and nonwhite life tables for 1909-161)
were compared with life tables available for other countries
during this period. The statistics for nonwhites in the West,
for instance, were not greatly different from those in a life

table for Indians in Mexico at about this time,

Table C-1.—LIFE-TABLE STATIONARY POPULATION (31) FOR FEMALES UNDER 65 YEARS OLD, BY-ACE AND COLOR, FOR THE UNITED STATES,
BY REGIONS, URBAN AND RURAL? 1930 70 1939

(The radix of each Life table is 10,000; that 4s, the figures may be interpreted as the

10,000 fenale births)

munber of years Lived in the stated age interval by the survivors of

= couoR AND Ace UNITED states ‘TRE HORTWEASTERN stares | THE NORTH CENTRAL STATES 0 SOUTH ‘Te WEST
tz)
Total |] Urben | morat } tote | urban | furan | totar |] Urban | mired | fotel || Urtan | Rural | foul || unan | mrad
A Cleanes
Unter § yoara.... 47,627 |! 47,547 | 47,598 | 48,880 || 48,410 | 45,005 | 47,206 || «7,508
8,858 || 9,680) 9,657 | 9,561! 9,002] 0,584 | 9,607 || 9/055
9,540 |] 9,544] 9,538] 9,390) 9,m2| 95422) ovaso || ofsss,
8,500 |] 8,505] 9,492] 9,326 || 9,240| 9/380] 97406 || 97408
2,474 |) 8,480) 9,462 9,280] s/190| 9,325 | 9,874 |! 97485
see 9,454] 9,457! 9,447 | 9,264 || 8;268| 9,805 | 97350 || 9744s
ue 47,081 || 47,048} 47,083 | 48,080 |] 45,508] 48,253 | 46,505 |} 48,002
Qe 48,780 || 48,770| 48,807 | 45,765 |] 45,209 | 48/035 | 48,197 || 48/700
20 to $6,462 || 46,453 | 48,407 | 45,216 |] 44,544 | 45,645 | 457680 || 40/342
ne 45,988 }} 45,988 | 48,005 | 44)sn4 fl 4aje4i| 445056 | 487206 || 45,708
Be 45,241 |} 48,526] 45,269 | 45,502 |] 42,505 / 44,009 | 447508 || 45,003
ge 44,626 || 44,598 | 44,005 | 42,501 || 41,438] 43,268 | 45,027 |] <4,m04
Be 45,786 || 48,700 | 48,e04 | 41821 || 40}050| 42/088 | 42/966 || 45/400
ou 42,088 || 42,882) 42,945 | 39,075 }] 30,428 | 40,017 | 41,080 || 42°850
ge 41,587 || 42,135 | 41,758 | 38,205 || 36,467| 59,352 | 407656 || 40/901
$8,557 |/ 39,281 | 40,190 | 36,072 || 38,088 | 87/585 | 39/001 || 30/255
Under § years.
iz 47,708 |! 47,742 47,968 | 47,195 || 48,908] 47,328 | 47,882 || «7,621 | 47,0
2,889 | 9,672) 8,006 | 9,618} “8,559] 9,685 | “9562 || p73sa | ‘p!sor
drew. 8,585 || 8,562] 9,545 | 9,464} 9,407] 91400] 9,404) fsa. | plane
3 fame 2:7 |] 85527) 8,507 | 40! 9,245] 934m | 9486 || oso 8,368
youre £402] 9,50) 9,462] 9,269 | 9)802/ 9307] slaor I glara.| iste
cute 8,475] 9,480/ 9,486 | 9,545 || 8/272) 91375 9;384 || o14sa"| ofB12
ae ey 42.252 |) 47,266 | 47,148 | 40,458 |} 48,066] 46,672 | 48,607 |] 47,048 18
aad deiaee | wos) saser0 | dsyais | 4s/o0e| Serato | as'sor || solace | 4oica8
en Bes || 421824] 48,570 | 45,006 || 45,275] 46,m | 4604s || a6s420 | aglo7
ine Re || 6282 | 48,227 | a5)sm1 | 44ceoo | 45,658 | 45;si7 || a5son7 | 387240
oa 46,681 }} 45,624] 45,888 | 44,607 | 43,049] 45,040 | adseca || as/zie | 40/820
Bee 44,076 44,385 | 44,228 |] 44,402 | 48,009
Bee 45,586 | 43,280 ) 43,577 | 43,028
gee en 42597 | 42,277 || azisus | 42/132
Bet 41,479 | 41,080 |} 41/201 | 40/970
40,078 | 36,898 || 30,71 | 30,880
45,068
Sas 48,095 | 44,322 |] 46,252 | 43,558
oes 2,455 | 9,842 || ‘9,660 | “9,280
9122 8,287 | 9,912] 9,298) 05767
906% 2,188 | 8,758 |) 9,179 | a)68
8,052 9,130] B;680|} o27| ay492
geese on 8,105 | 8,680 |! 9,008 | 8,481
peu 540 45,287 | 42,n0 |] 45,118 | 42,616
15 co ig ret 44,058 | 42,222 || 4,598 | 41/008
Ben ag 7209 | 41,272 || a3jea5 | 4o/ad
to M 40,748, 48,085 | 40,010 |} 42,698 | 38/844
35 to 28,105 41,510 | 30,568 || 41,427 | 26,866
gee 37/053 39,88 | 57,184 || 40,240 | 35,108
eee wi 37,987 | 35,900 || 35,75. | 35,508
gee wits 38,792 | 4,328 |} 57103 | 22,019
22/800 35,848 | 32,224 || 35,044 | 20,280
1428 | 29,905 || 82,861 | 28,288

co
a



General... PPeereerery
Releted reports on fertility..
Related reports on population.
Arrangement of teble:
Availability of unpublished date,

Definitions of terms and explana-

tions...
Children ever bora..s..seeee
Children under 5 years old.

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

Definitions of ‘terms and explana-
tions--Continued

Children 5 to 9 years old.
Stendardized rates..... .
Gross ani net reproduction rates.
Age-specific birth rates,
Mean length of « generation.....
Intrinsic rate of natural in~
CTOBSE sees ee ee,
Intrinsic birth rate.

TABLES -
Text Tables
Table Page | Table
I.--Number of children ever born per 1,000 women 15 to 5

7% years old, by age of woman,
States: 1940 and 1910..cssessecenceeeeaeseenee 2

II.--Gross reproduction rates based on registered
births, 1980 to 1942, and based on children

under 5 and 5 to 9 years old,

TiI.--average annual number of births per 1,000 women

for the United

1940, by color,
for the United States...csesecsssesersceseeseeee

woman,

15 to 49 years old, by age and color of woman, rural:

based on registered births,
dren under 5 years old, for the United Stetes:
L985 to 1940. cerececeescecerseresscteesseeseees  &

IV.--Coefficient of variation for selected fertility

rates, by color, for regions:

Detailed Tables

1,--Number of children ever born per 1,000 women 15 to
49 years old and 50 to 74 years old, standardized
for age and color of woman and for urban-rural
residence, for the United States,
1940 and 191]0.scereeecevececececeneencrsssetseees 7

Number of children ever born per 1,000 women 15 to
49 years old and 50 to 74 years old,
woman, stenderdized for age of woman and for
urban-rural residence, for the United States, by
regions: 1940 and 1910......

Number of children ever born per 1,000 women 15 to
49 years old and 50 to 74 years old, standardized
for age and color of woman, for the United States,
by regions, urban and rural:

4,--Number of children ever born per 1,000 omen 15 to
74 years old, by age and color of woman, stend-
ardized for marital status of woman, for. the
United States, by regions, urban and rural: 1940

and 1910...

1940 and 1910...... 8

and based on chil- -

1940 and 1910.... 6

by regions:

by color of

12.

Page

Om BROOD

end rural:

by regions,

by color,

white women,

Definitions of terms and explane-
tions--Continued
Intrinaic death rate
Urban and rural areas.
Metropolitan districts.
Age
Color,
Merital status,
Nature of the sample data,
Coefficients of variation.

Detailed Tables--Con.

Number of children ever born per 1,000 women 15 to
49 years old and 50 to 74 years old, by color of
women, standardized for age and marital status of
woman, for the United States, by regions, urben

1940 and 1910...

6.--Number of children under 5 years old per 1,000

women 15 to 49 years old, by age and color of
standardized for marital status of woman,
for the United States, by regiona, urban and
1940 and 1910......5

Y.--Gross and net reproduction rates for women, by
color of woman, for the United States, by regions,
urban and rural:. 1985 to 1940, 1980 to 1985, and
1905 to 1910.

8,--Estimated average annuel number of births per 1,000
women 15 to 49 years old, by color and age of
woman at birth of child, for the United States,

urban and rura!

1905 tO 1910.seesevesveree

9,--Intrinsic rate of natural increase, intrinsic birth

and death rates, and mean length of generation,
for the United States, by regions,
urban and rural: 1935 to 1940 and 1905 to 1910..

10.--Number of children ever born per 1,000 white and
nonwhite women 15.to 49 years old, stendardized
for ege of woman, for States, urban and rural:
1940 and 1910,

11.--Gross and nst re)

1985 to 1940 and

production rates for white and non-
7 white women, by States, urban and rural: 1985 to
1940 and 1905 to 1910..

Number of children ever born per 1,000 white and
nonwhite women 15 to 49 years old, standardized
for age of woman, for cities of 260,000 or more
and for metropolitan districts of cities of
1,000,000 or more: 1940..

18.--Gross and net reproduction rates for white and non-

for cities of 250,000 or more and
for metropoliten districts of olties of 1,000,000 ~

8 or more: 1985 to 1940... peveeene

anuaaaag

Page

nd

18

21

28

25

29

Bg


‘Table 12.-—NUMBER OF CHILDREN EVER BORN PER 1,000 WHITE AND NONWHITE WOMEN
FOR CITIES OF 250,000 OR MORE AND FOR METROPOLITAN DISTRICTS 01

fStattotice omned on Sample c. nat

FERTILITY AND REPRODUCTION RATES

ar 1,000 women based on total women of given ola:

16 10 49 YEARS OLD,
F CITIES OF 1,000,000 OR MORE:

+ exeopt ever married not reporting on chtLéren,

1940

Yor explanation of astonish

29

STANDARDIZED FOR AGE OF WOMAN,

oe statoront on “Gosffictont of Variation.” See text elso for banie of aslectio of arabs for which white or aoswhite are chose suesen
CHELDRAN FER 1,000 WOMEN CHILDREN PER 1,000 WouEH
AREA Vastanderdizea | Standardized for age AREA Unatanderdizea | Standardized tor age
waite | Yomnite | mite | Nonvnite waste | Wonmnite | watte | tonwhite
‘OTTEES-—Con.
saage | "i920 | tayase | Mow York, Me Tosesecsceeeeee 2,007 toe 943 me
sijass | 1,086 "1216 rors < sa. -
"ijso2 | 129 1/300 anes 1,082 1,206
- 7048 = ales 1280 -
=) las - ‘328 087 :
“1,391 o74| "1,028 1,025, *1,030 :
: we - tone 948, .
‘asi | 1,108 1,250 2,005 926
=| Loe ~ Alou 381
: 968 : wre 2,42
=| 1,028 : ‘10 19
sijea] lee] sare od 05
Howaton, T6x-+seseeeeseeee 1,212 | 1,098 "081 “aad we
Indlanapolia, Inds.) =| ieo6 a ‘eo Tal
Torssy City, "Ne Sieicscecveeece =] Lose -
Kansep City, Movessecscsces - 099 > SEIHOFELITAN DISTRIGTS
Los Angote : 258 :
Louterii. =| (2,07 Coscage Metropolitan District... | 2,078 sajiss | 1,007
Memphis, ‘Tenn ‘1,248 | *LJ008 "1,179 | Detroit wetropoiiten District. ...s, | 1206 sree | i248
Pre =| 1076 {+ | Los Angeles Metropolitan District... | 1/070 - 988
Minneapolis, Mian : 578 = | Now York—Northesstern Hew Jersey
Mannrky We Seeceee =] 1339 - Metropolitan Distriotessseseeee | 1,094 975 37
New Orfosns, Ta. sen *aj47 | 103s “1,257 | Philadephia Metropolitan District. | 1,150 ose | ano

Table 13.—GROSS AND NET REPRODUCTION RATES FOR WHITE AND NONWAITE WOMEN, FOR CITIES OF 250,000 OR NORE AND FOR METROPOLITAN

DISTRICTS OF CITIES OF 1,000,000 OR MORE! 1935 70 1940
tattatica based on Sanple C. tates derived fron deta on total rowan of given clans, ‘and on chilévon under § yeure old {x 1940, Tor explanation of astertake, 40 text
6 statement on “Coefficient of Variation See tert alao for baaia of selection of areas for which witts or nonwhite azo shown separately]
GROSS: REPRODUGTION ‘MRT REPRODUCTION, ‘GROSS ‘REERODUCTION NET BRPRODIOTION
AREA 4XD COLOR OF WOMAN TATE hase AREA AND COLOR OF WOMAN
nad juntea [aajunted] Unadjunvee [Atjuata Taaajuntod | Atjueted | Uendgusted | Aajuntes
orntnS—0on,
angus City, Uo.t .
"656 102 "581, ene whi “el 632 1559 S7e.
vee | ters | tar | t5a0
ns 776 on | ews i" i 2
+745 "813 654 one
"681 #74 *608 690
. . . . wees | 650 | eon | sas
768 *e52 692 154
ms ma 00 08
+789 "836 +716 708
Mianpadtor lecteeseeseseeese vos | tee | tee | esas
00 ne se0 ssa
. . . . "647 937 508 *668
esootnontt, Onto: . . . . aan
Wiltertecnecteeees 708 789 042 625 | so onsen, ta, vos | cms | oem | me
Nownita : : ° -
om 07 a0 a
- - ~ - 615 674 587 ele
+ Columbus, ohte: . von | oom | ete | ote
WNL eee eeereneeee 22 + 779 “607 “682
tenes 652 +78 580 661
ves | tera | ttm] a9 _—
Petter tectoseeeeoe ns mm Pry 106
"718 795, *660 70. Nonmhites severe . 7 - -
burgh, Past . .
eos ou cy ver | patter! cs try | see ry rat
. ° . r04s ver | 800 | ta68
Mat 785 co) ese | Providence, B 5 ves ems ease tan
kt 00s no “306 Bod
me 780, *651, #710 - = - .
Jersey otty, Meet ‘ wo | soe
Bae Fe tos | ores | ees | vee seeesceeel 648 28



FERTILITY AND REPRODUCTION RATES . 15
Table 6,—-NUMBER OF CHILDREN UNDER 5 YEARS OLD PER 1,000 WOMEN 15 TO 49 YEARS OLD, SY AGE AND COLOR OF WOMAN, STANDARDIZED FOR
MARITAL STATUS OF WOMAN, FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY REGIONS, URBAN AND RURAL: 1940 AND 1910--con,

Btatsstice vened on Sample ¢ (1940) and Sample (1910), Rates per 1,000 worion bened on total women of given ola
a sGoetficient of Variation’)

Yor explanation of asterisks,

text statonent on

‘CHILDREN FER 1,000 WOMEN, ONADIUSTED CHILDREN PER 2,000 WOMEN, ADZUSTED
. > Age of wonane—years . ‘Age of wonan--yoare
aD supTmer ‘Total ‘Total
wonen || 15 to | 20 tof 2 to] 20 to }a5 to | 40 to] a5 to! women || 5 to} 200 | 25 to | 20t0| a5 to | 40 to | 45 to
fee | 36 | 39 [a8 @ am | a | | ge | aw | ao
“Rie NORTESASTERN SPATES--URGAN
#2 Classes, 1940
Unstandardized, total wonen...s.+. | 208 20 285 420 74 | 224 sa | 28 pes | ten 252 as. | son mo | 05 | t30
Married ones, husband present.,.} 376 |} *485, 848 668 sis | sor ia | ¥31 403 | 520 693 mL | 886 ae3 | isp | *as
Other ever married....++4+. B28 = 569 485, 830 | *L76 +80 - 245 - 692 820 354 *1a9 +86 >
‘Standardized, total womens syeciece 227 “58 985 481 400 234 208, “28 244 “on 359 516 428 25 108 *30
woite, 1940
Unstandardized, totel women. 208 7 ‘eee 425 963 | 2268 98 bisa eee "16 Bad 485 409 Ad 105 29
‘ted onee, husband preceat...| 976 || *454 640 668 see | g02 yay | 2 4o2 | *485. coy m4 | 560 oes | ise | #34
Other ever marries wesesens| 282 = | sr2 | so | aso | mes | a - | asf | sar | sa | ora | visa | ter |
Standardized, total worenesseeee |, 228 +52 gal 408 409 | 257 ror | “29 aaa | 455 384 sal | 437 a3 | 108 | #8
Nonwhite, 1940
Unatandardized, total women...ser. #202 - #876 937 - - - - 288 - +407 +980 - - - .
Married once, husband present... | $392 rs =|: : = | m6 = | te = jo: en
Other over married.seseccesreree #196, - 7 - - - : "228 - - = - - - .
Standardized, total waren... . 220 - +394 "386 - : : - "266 - 458 aad - - - .
‘42 Glasses, 1910
Unstandardized, total women, 348 387 61s 580) 499, 230 “OR 352, 729 46 632, $95 445 236 64
659 870 ool ee5 | 599 316 “90 677 *460 93 | 1,017 847 615 826 92
254 sve | 58 | acl | tana | v1s5 - 281 ~ | 593} ‘seo | sox | 2s | vss |
Standardized, totel wones. 870 a7 | ca | 605 | 440 | 293 | *69 aso | ‘se | 495 | sop | cor | ase | a50 | te
wntte, 1910
$ Vastandardized, total women... o47 427 840 526 591 439 233 63 806 28 349 66a 607 451 239 "65
t Married once, husband present... 664 448 art 1,008 836 604 320 *o1 sez | *460 900 | 1,030 658 620 329 "93
i 262 7 608 B47 sor | “264 139 - 289 7 624 562 408 Sarl | 43 .
: aval] ten 433 604 68 | 446 ase | +64 [ses] *52 445 | mis | ose | a0 | edz | *65
. Nonwhite, 1910 7
i Unetantardized, total woren. *202 - | *2s6 } *903 - - - - eu = | meas | ta16 - - - -
*a8 ~ { *sa7 ~ - = = : "436 = | tes = : =f: I
. a7 . - Z : > : : #143 = 2 2 she 2
#200 = | *e70 | *064 - - - - *e40 = | tna2 | 380 = - - :
i {THE NORTIRASTERY. StAIRS-—
jl RURAL
294 - 406 598 462 800 “147 - gle = 48h 684 490° ale | *156 -
481 ¥886 856 80L 566 | "365 "16 ~ 510 } "590 908 49 600 sa? | "187 -
308 = | *o55 | *645 | 428 ~ - : 387 | gga | sag | tasn |= - I
204 87 430 592 452 | 296 145 - ale m1 456 628 are au | "164 -
i nite, 1940 .
} Unstandardized, total yonoa 295, ~ | 405 | so | 485 | 500 | nar - az = | 9 | sx | ase | ur fee | -
Fi 4a0 || "548 853 199 ses | *a65 | *177 - sor | *579 908 Bas | $93 aes | #167 =
308 - | *650) "653 ) “428 - : 205, = |. tear | t690 | Mase ~|o-] -
: ass || vos | 420 | 592 | asa as : aio | *7 | 40a | ses | 479 | ate | “iss | -
4st - 54a 809 so | sea | 205 - 485 - 887 es | 10 ost | t290 -
ius |) "509 | 1,020 | 1,201 | em | 625 | *a04 : 750 | ssa | 1,008 | 2,220 | ons | 657 | a0 | -
’ 370 = | #220 | “too | oan | - ~ : 36 = | frae | tet | Y582 ~ foe ft =.
at *61 505 176 677 525 "279 - 442 62 14 789 689 oq | "254 -
} ite, 1910
: Unstandardized, tote) womans... 489 - | sso} os | 703 | sas. | sess - 466 = | 559 | ses | me | ses | ten |=
Warried once, husband proaeat, vas ff #540 [a,or9,{ 2,105 | one | ¢577 | +904 : rsa { vod | 3,00] ayiea | oss | re08 | toro |=
: Other ever married. sesseeeeee 78 - | Mea | teer | tesa | ~ ~ - 379 = | F740 | "a9 | *s6L 3 | +263 z
Stondardized, totel wonon....cs.s.| 436 (| Yel | 506 | 780 | 682 | see | #00 : ma | tz | sie | 79a | 62 | 597
{HE NORTIABTEY SPATES-— :
RURAL. ~
‘ALL Chasses, 1940 .
a ~ | oe | 608 | 607 tase | tenn - 276 = |, r76 |, treo | 207 | gous |] tera |
od ‘$36 “308 “954 #775 | #825 - - 605 ~ |*1,0%  /*1,180 ro18 622 - -
355 : - - = fos : Do vee : : ee ee
| Stanlaraized, total youbn,: 90 | 2 | eas | 600 | 607 | tae as ee ee
| White, 1940
‘Unstandardized, total women, a7 ~ | *4or | 867 | 599 | F455 - - a8. ~ | ars | *790 | rz10 | 4827 : :
a ' 536 ~ | *909 | *958 | #779 | #521, - - 635 = [More [fsa | 4929 | 627 : z
7 Z 3 3 3 | Pant : 2] St : " eo ema jews | = | =
t stanlaraited, soval wonoss: 320 | #459 | 700 | 609 | #42 : > 391 ee
: #2 Classen, 1910 920
i ‘Vastandardized, totel wonen.. 969 - | #345 | 701 | ‘sas | fees | "909 - aah = {7999 |, 798 | 3779 | peak 0 :
Married once, husband 620 = | sae | 1,052 | vase | *574 - =| yas Z [esos ju200 | 906 | #769 | = pt
1 Other ever married...» “o7e : * - ~| = : : 4B > : ete fet tft
i Standardized, total yonen, 379 = | vas | rae | tora | set : 2 | “ase | = | ts00 | ata | *785 | te20
Waite, 1910
* . sua] - |:
. Unstanderdized, total women.......| 969 ~ | rsas | #70r | 609 | 565. - - 4a) > 395 | 798 | oe | Z 2
scertgtess emcee |B Yr | pT] SRLS ||| BR [ rf faa 38 Joie oo]
Other over marrieds..s.e.ss4 378 - - - ~ - - - “ = | aot > lanes | t :
Standardized, total wonen..... 379 = | 467 rag | en | 8548 - - 432 - ‘892 ear | "765 ‘519



Table 7.——GROSS AND NET REPRODUCTION RATES FOR WOMEN, BY COLOR OF WOMAN, FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY REGIONS,

[tatiation vs

FERTILITY AND REPRODUCTION RATES

For explanation of astert:

1935 TO 1940, 1930 TO 1935, AND 1905 TO 1910--Con.

14 on Sample 0 (1990 to 1985 and 1995 to 1940) and Sample W (1905 to 1910), Rat
given class, and on ob{ldren under § yoars old in 1940 and 1910, respectively. Rati
5 to 9 yeara old, in 1940,

for 1990 to 1995 a
3, o00 text statement on “Goeffictent of Variation’

URBAN AND RURAI

21

for 1985 to 1940 and 1905 to 1910 derived from data on total wonen of

srived from deta on total woen of giren oles, ant on children

‘GROSS REPRODUCTION RATE

NGF REPRODUCTION RATE

‘an coun Unaé justed ‘Adjusted Unadjusted Adjusted
OF WOMAN qaas to | 1980 to] 1908 to | 1985 to | 190 to| 1905 to | 2925 to i930 to | i053 to | 1938 to | 1980 to | 1908 to
: 1940 1998 1910 1940 1595 cot) 1940 1985 1910 1940 3295 a0
‘THE NORTH CENTRAL STATES
Total seessereeses 964 996 1,486 1,048 io | 2,626 £70 898 2,295 ou 42 1,808
WiktOresseeeeseeerseeree 970 7,008 3,498 2,087 7,080 1,087 ear sia] ete $52
Feawnite a eet seo |. iow] sas) hee soe : me) om | ne
78 02 ajar 881 ets 1,236 708 ou 189 189 968
re4 08 ais 827 aa. 1252 mM 996 158 166 $81
7a 48 88 931 848 '830 608 ar 137 586 516
1,268 1274 2,608 1,266 1282 1,756 1,088 1,985 2146 aus 2482
<) lasr 3269 1602 1286 1226 1758 Lose 3}390 io ame | ayaa
1404 1,505 1,988 1,609 2,580 2,298 1,608 aésa | 3,425 1,894
3,420 1502 1961 1603 ism | year 1608 Vast | 1425 3886
Total. 3,161 3,981 1,008 1,089 3,836 a,fea 1,614
1,165 2,078 1,037 1,122 1,488 1,158 1,687
us 1787 928 ‘992 Lou 1,258 1476
BL 639 678 625 ne 168
78 or 720 829 726 274
668 5e0 588 427 679 568
2,285 2,088 1,140 / 12h J 1,592
sy aio4 3188 asi] yeaa] 1278 less
as 9 998 xjos} 1288 | 2,190 1486
1,666 1,458 1,695 1,748 rere | 2,908 2,199
lyse 1)450 17638 yjere| ens | r40 ayeee
iy7e9 1483 1596 ayaa | alors | 1928 2hrs
938 943 1,34 1,087 890 ane 2,059 oan e9e
347 989 1,880 1,04 248 oa 3,988 938 co
1,298 saama | jer” | "13520 997 “1,051, oon} #166 | 372
46 726 973 206 673 658 760 726 690
m5 me 975 204 874 651 767 726 688
18 . 956 069 eae - 1208 cr) - 609
ayer 1,708 3,93 2,088 ajo] 3,360) 2m) 246 1,459
las alee isi Lose ose 1369 res | 24308 2457
1,502 1,988 1,778 8 xysi9 | 1,404 1,858 1,848
57 1)957 ine Ves] (2,289 lise 2,370 588 Lisea aias2
+2358 sales | "2,756 | | 2,277] 0,820] *2,714 syjeso | *tj277) — *2;003 ays

Table 8.— ESTIMATED AVERAGE ANNUAL NUMBER OF BIR’
. CHILD, FOR THE UNITED STATES,

[Beatiersoe vased on Sample © (2995 to 1940) and Sample ¥ {1905 to 1910) «

‘per 1,000 woren who were in the given age group during t
‘For explanation of asterisks,

1910, ‘reepectively.

hat years

Raton repr’
Rates dort ved’ fro dat
fort statement on "Cooffiotent of Variation’)

THS PER 1,000 WOMEN 15 TO 49
BY REGIONS, URBAN AND RURAL: 19%

nage tor each
‘on total women of given oles,

nt 8

Sqyont period of the

‘YEARS OLD, BY COLOR AND AGE OF WOMAN AT BIRTH OF
35 TO 1940 AND 1905 TO 1910

number of ehildren born cach specific yaar

‘on ch{idren under § yeara old in 1940 and

TSTDAARE NVEIGE ABUL SIRES FER 1,009 WHER, 3500 70 2NO Toiatse Aweucd Mamie RNS Fan G00 vouen) 100 To 2610
AEA. AND coIOR Total “ge of wonaenyeurs Toms ‘ge of womn--youre

woman 1°15 to 19] 20 to 24] 25 to 29/80 to 24/95 to 99)40 to 44/45 to 49 women 175 to 19/20 to 24]28 to 20/80 to 94|85 to 39/40 to 44/45 to 49
70 50 126 122, 85 49 ig 8 216 52 164 1st 158 110. 50
67 46 122 lel 83 a7 18 me Bohe 55 168 189 165 107 a
10 90 159 182 4 bt +32 “8 M5 a4 foo | 205 VWs 186 an
2 35 cy 7 64 33 1 bbe) 35 39 120 6 ur 7% 32
52 3e 93 99 65 33 12 “+E a5 38 122, 150 1g 17 we
38 oo 105 a “53 "35 “16 bad ” 7 4 “108 +63 +58 28
a4 69 187 137 8 54 "20 “2 290, n 198. 202 168 a bs
83 87 156 197 92 58 "20 bac] 126 nm 1e8 208 161 28 ad
6 +87 1 "136 +99 +68 2B “7 180 Betts 21g "198 "165 122 63
us ” 200 195, 8 102 45 “7 162 cs B29 276 238 in er
105 69 189 186 189 5 41 bec 154 3 27 267 229 2 m4
160 us 254 236 198 196 69 bat 206 Ll [+ 298 ‘322 278 219 118

55 28 95. 109 8 co 15 bind 94 ae 134 167 134 88 36 5

5 a 95 an 7 0 4 me 5 a2 136 169 196 89. 36 "s
0 ee 4 lol 70 35 12 “2 90 38 125 159 128 82 3
49° a cy 108 a 35 ‘1a at 3 gL 38 127 162 130° cy 38

m 88 bed 19 ate ns +65 ww WE 150 po sean TM

el oss} plas] @) ef sg) ce] Bp cep aap BB) ak) se)
be oar ages | ivr | tis7 | tea | trae | tte | toe vo] me] tm} pa) pal me

ve {sel ag} ag] eg] cg} caf ost] ae] set as] se] cap ak) Sy



MARITAL STATUS OF WOMAN, FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY REGIONS, URBAN AND RURAL:
[Statistics baoea on Sanple C (2940) and Sample 'W (1910).

FERTILITY AND REPRODUCTION RATES

Table 6.— NUMBER OF CHILDREN UNDER 5 YEARS OLD PER 1,000 WOMEN: 15 TO 49 YEARS OLD, BY AGE AND COLOR OF WOMAN, STANDARDIZED FOR

"Woerticiest of Variation’)

Rates per 1,000 women based on totel wonen’of civen cles.

1940 AND 1910--Con,

17

For explanation of asterisks, see text stotenent on

CHTLDREN PER 1,000 WORE, MMADTISTZD CHILGADY FER 1,000 AOHEN, ADJUSTED
1ge of wonan--yeure
AREA AND SUBTICT ‘ota ~ wo ‘ge of wonan--yonre
ea
wonen || 15 to} 20 to| 28 to| 30 to] ss to) 40 to | a8 to | wonen | 15 to] 200 25 to) coo] 05 to | a0 to] a5 to
yw | mm | | a | as | we | ae re | ee | “as | oo | ae | ae | ae
TH NORTH CENTRAL SEATS 7
RURAL-NONPARM--Con,
421 Cleeses, 1910
Unetandardized, total worn... | 495 |) 6s | sa7 res | sa] toe | - “7 *
Married once, husband prevont.+- | . 74 || *95 | Sor aes | eos | ton | > | ome [vse | ote | ater | see | ao fam |
Other ever married....+. | 420 = | #740 see | - ~ a ee = | 468 | tras | 662 ~ - -
Standardized, totel wonsaseccsess | 488 (| #57 | ar sas | ser | ree) > | a6} tei | os | a | 70 | sp fem | =
waste, 1910
Vnstanderdized, total vonen, aso | tes | sig | 00 | a4} ser | soon | "| aoe] *59 | sm | ose | 759 | cen | toe | -
Married esse, busbent prswaat rae vss | 360 | 2,053 | a6 | 655] 500] = | 779 | vsa5 | aos | ajrce | ozs | eas | macs | =
Pf OVE MAFTIC.ssesevseeseee | 421 - | 764 | Mss | ses2 | ~ - - a7 = | te00 | #259 | ten. ~ - a
standardized, ove! womens aos | #57 | ase | ter | 600 | ses | wae | > | ase Povo | ome | ome | at | see [oo |e
{BE NORTH CENTRAL STATES-~
, 19K0
ota womens «+ are | tae | 490 esr | 463 | 255 | r00 | aoe | tas | sos | oe | zee | sos | ure | sor
Married once, husband present srz |) 479 | 900 res | sar | *200| es | Gee |} esea | so | aos | cos | 535 | esos | +00
frecrsieescee | 480 > | tao. wees | 423 |] | Go] Ss | se | “Hoa | vee | eae | = |
Standardized, total womans | 368 [| 85 | 475 see | aor | 200 | ry | a6 | too | sao | exe | eo | 497 | vase | tos
Wnite, 1940
Unatandardined, vote wonon. ++. az |) saa | 409 | 200 | esr | 450 | ane | t00 | aos | tas | son | oro | ree | seo | are | tar
Married once, husbend present Sm oae | s00 | ajooe | rea | ba | var | van | Gea | nsx | a | a,086 | ene | 569 | vses | v9
her over married. 450 = | *as2 | “fous | *5z8 | vae7 S] SE | ae fe | vp | #e20 | rece | vas | = |=
Standardized, total wouen.. feo | ss | as | vas | exe | a00,| 209 | 70 | a98 | roo | sap | aur | ore | are | vem | *00
ALi Olasses, 1910
nstoriesniead, wate woneassseeee | ste tap | aa | am | oso | ror} ane | mise | sor | coe | se from | oe | ae | se | nz
Sears) ettand meagotess | 906 || *480 | sex | 2,209 | 2,088 | os0 | 52s | vies | 80a | 49s | 2,008 | 2,992 [224] sce | ween | He?
Other ever married... 658 > | tore | foun | “Fosr | vein eS] [is fons | tno joucos | tae fore |= |
Standardized, total wonan.c.+ se ass | “Sor ] aro | ego | eva | ‘aoa | sto | soi | woe | oss | “sa ] ats | mas | seo | s2e0
Wize, 1910 7
instandards vonen. wos | a5 | aes | 002 | 280 | zor | 476 | sie | ser | t90 | cao [aoa | soe | sie | er | pin
setts gil e)ehala|sls| sls eushe)s/4/2
387 = | tag | fos | fon | ren a] cw | c= | sor a mf t
587 Tang | “RUB | “ore | eno | ra | tase | ero | 55s ) tsa | see | “ara | 907 | ras | sas | 204
‘BLE Sount-~roraL
AIL Claeses, 1940 so low | ow | | ce
dar: eseesee | soo | ser | 46a | soe | rer | ss | sve | 20a | 00 ait wi |
mamaiee ween fa | |g) el} welal os) |] gle] S| Ble) Ble) ez
" * S20 | 561 Ff 2
ae ee ee ee
se | co | aa | ser | 456 | sa0 | ee 7
, na | ce | aor | tee
soz | ca | 47a | so6 | rez | to | a6 | 90) se | ses | ot w | s
S| S| eo) Be) le | ale] me) eS | sag)
* 400 | 269 | 153 : te
ase [rar | srs). are | ge) oy | “iw | far | se | ce | woo | eee | sa | see | te ) ve
* ‘ * ox | 490 | sae nas
Unetandardized, tot: oot Joe | ae | sm | me] am} one] me | me ie) se) Sa | me | eis =
Married once, husband peeoont, see || +569 | es8 | 758 | 99 | aan |v soe | tert | oe | ae | ae | aes
Married onco, husband povsent-» | Se sess | cas | aaa | vais [ram | tas] = | eo et) TS | TE | “em | 00 ori
steuaetaived, total voxopevsccccee | saz fom] ap) S20 | 44a | 62 | e0e | to
1910 2
2 | re | on | as | ase | 3s
uetandaraived, tered wenenvveveee | sap | 90 | sxe | ose | ome | sss gon] gag [see | ate |) St Ls) at | see | cate
‘Married once, haband present ser sez | 1084 | aasi | 2.00 | 40 | bee)“ gee | ter | rage | ioe ee | aa [oie | te
eter eet oe ae eee
Standardized, total won sor | ss | 50
Watte, 1910 29 | a0 | anes | 286
" cos | aoe | os7 | tom | ste 2
tastantortizes, total wmv sm 95 | sas] ono | om) mz) ame | ae | a AE | OS | aioe jaaes | mas | tee | Yee
Married ones, Busbasi prasent, Set || ses | a,089 | a,208 | 2,084 | a5 | neo | arm | ate | ase | SS [ree | ote | ots |
Other ever marrie set Yam | tess | eee | “seo | set ) vase) ta | am a) Se | Sr] om tee | ase | at
Standardized, total sor | se | 5a | ass | oes | ons | ane
Weuwntte, 160 sou | eaen | a7
y vou | ser | tne {coe | ar | 200 “ 7
Unstandardized, total wosen.. w joel se] sm) yt] a aed cane ere ae bo
band Pre oo | vasa |" es uss | tes fm | ws |
Other ever marrled.s.s+ees+ ore | #395 | se. | #508 gs | n80 | eT ws] 82 |e | eee | oe | mi | vase | ves
standardized, total wonea. as} 83 | 49 | ee | 688
‘pm Soom. URBA
ALL Olaseae, 1949 s') ae | oo | os || -
eo | - | af te] 96 no | ase | tae |e
eantardinad, total wean sees | ae te | | a sos | 05 | z ae} sa | ca | ae | 3
Vastandandized, tote venon.s-s+-+) 229 faces | ee | ser | seo | m2) me) 7 | oe | sts | soo | sa |) tae |e | ws)
Other ever married... wo fre) Ge} mo | vee [ms | gg} > | BEY EL | ame | ae | os 7
Standardized, totel wanea. aca | ot | 8) 405 | se | 97
waite, 1940 vee | wo | ae | oa | me | a}:
vo} - | fal tee se faa | =
standavdsoes, total yonoaceeeeee | 204 | coe | ovo) wo | amar} te] 2) Bel was | as | ek | ss | ee | |
“ gos] er | a8 | 252 S| AS | iso | cass
| husband presant..; | 966 || *988 Ss} | ae . :
Sarcied once, pe “ « Ws | ate aso |e | | see
Otner ever Rarried. mop me) Ug] ee) | CBP] i] | wey em
Standardized, total woman...
onwhtta, 1940 , wme | ~} oc | asf esa | cee we jon | ryt
Uostanderdized, total vonen.......| 192 || 108 | tsee | ave | ale | 68 zt] ot | Ry seat | ss 74 =|]:
Maeried once, husband precont... | 361 {| *516 | *605-) 455 : a en ee) ws | | lang | ttt
2 iS | saan | 264 - an ere
Other ever MAITiO8s.ssveceeseere we | TL EE | seat | ner z
standardized, total woooasessessee | 22 i} tee



30 . DIFFERENTIAL FERTILITY, 1940 AND 1910

Table 13.—GROSS AND NET REPRODUCTION RATES FOR WHITE AND NONWHITE WOMEN, FOR CITIES OF 250,000 OR MORE AND FOR METROPOLITAN
DISTRICTS OF CITIES OF 1,000,000 OR MORE; 1925 TO 1940-~Con.

tistice based on Sample C, Rates derived from data on total wonon of given class, and on children under § years old in 1940. For oxplenation of asterlsko, aes text
Btatenont on "Costficient of Variation," Soe text aleo for basis of selection of areas for which’ white or nomwitite ape shown soparately)

cross exemacorson | 1a RaRRODOORION ness Ranvotversow | Ker nunwoMNCrzON
‘AREA AND COLOR OF WOMAN FATE ATE ARKA AND COLOR OF WOMAN RATE RATE
Vangjeotod | Adjusted] Vandjusten | Aajuotoa Umajustet | Atguavoa | Unsdjuoted | aijuntea
TaaonoL TN DISTATOTS
vos | ‘ rag] ®B20g0 Metropotitan bistrtet:
794 ms Wht ene 700 753 ‘685 ene
i038 | 1,069 906 ‘oar Detroit Metropolitan Diatrtet:
Witter 76 03 106 ann
seo Prescieeo, telte.: $ 2 $ 2
WRLC se eavesseeneseeees " " TM "
"538 7a 488 S81 ‘Los Angeles Metropoliten District:
Beotite, to m 108 709 us ne
Waite Seeeerery "616 "683 564 #580 ater ~ - 7 a
Hon Yonkefostheastern Now oreey
totede, Chto: ; Tetsoyoliian Dietriows
Wiltecsesesssoe tra | veo | vena | ors Seeeesmeees | gah 703 se0 ean
astsete, nee mugen incoicn ane a) vos | tuo | ne09
WIAs ee essesenenees, TM * o? * ie) ry wopoliten District
ce a 736 ou cor 10



12 DIFFERENTIAL FERTILITY, 1940 AND 1910

Table 5.— NUMBER OF CHILDREN EVER BORN PER 1,000 WOMEN 15 TO 49 YEARS OLD AND 50 10 74 YEARS OLD, BY COLOR OF WOMAN, STANDARDIZED
FOR AGE AND MARITAL.STATUS OF WOMAN, FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY REGIONS, URBAN AND RURAL: 1940 AND 1910-~Con.

[tatistice vesed on Senple ¢ (1940) and Sample ¥ (1910). Ratea por 1,000 woren vagod on total vonen of'given class, except evar married not reporting oa children, For
‘oxplanation of asterisks, seo toxt statenant on "Goefticient of Variation"

CHILDREN PER 1,000 OMTLDREN FER 1,000 OUILOREN FER 1,000 CATLDREN PER 1,000
WOMEN, 1940) . ‘wouEN, 1910 . “WOMEN, 1940 WOEN, 1910
AREA, COLOI, AND un- | Standardized for-- | y,. | Standardized for-- area, coor, ano |, | Standardized tor-- | y, | Standardized tor
‘AGB OF AOMAN ” AGE OF WOM 7 - ine *
stand-| gw ana} 38800-| rage onal atand-| Tage ana] ota Inge
arte | agg fuarital] 220 t0] ord~ |g |iarttan| M0, ont arte | gy | Marites] Age, ont ‘age |¥arited|
ized status [aerta| ized status |Barital ned status [Merete tea status
‘ (THE SOUTH--RURAL-NONFARM)
All Glasses
15 to 49 youra.......+,4]1,674 |1,786 | 1,589 | 1,659 | 2,962 / 2,729] 2,189 | 2,595
1,818] 1,989 | 1,912 | 1,824 /1,989) 1,911 | 1,999 | 50 to 74 years, 3,967 |3,957 | “s,8a3 | 3,az2 | 5,560 |5,566] 5,441 | 9,447

2\996| 2/974 | cloe | 41075 | 4,896) 4)646 | 4}659

White
1S to.49 yoars,, 1,662 |1,766| 1,816 | 1,633 | 2,267 | 2, . 10
ay14 [3,707] 3,798 | 3,787 | 5,128] 5,292) 5,087 | 5,092

1,s16| 1,939 | 1,s18 2,936) 1,917 | 1,943 | 50 to 74 years.
21999| 2\300 ‘t}e89] 46a | ce
Yonwt te
Honanite 16 to 49 yoora,...-4.+.-|1,724 |1,880] 1,842 | 1,773 | 2,554 | 3,041] 2,248°| 2,797
15 to 49 years......+4+. [1,987] 1,263] 1,190] 1,286 | 1,758] 1,846] 1,685 | 1,774 | 90 to 74 yeara.........4) 4,285 [4,196 | 4,021 | 3,962 | 6,675 | 6,686| 6,310 | 6,321
50 to 7 yearas......+.. | 2,882 | 2,908] 2,716 | 2,737 | 5,224] 5,287] 41674 | 4,925,
‘THE NORTH CENTRAL STATES ‘THE SOUTH--RURAL-PARKC
‘URBAN .

all Clas

15 to 49 year
80 to 74 Yoars..y

2,081} 2,066 | 2,276
4ye42| 4je10 | 4229

2,259] 1,223] 1,388] 1,297 | 1,528) 1,622] 1,652 | 1,675
2\647 | 2,651] 2,664! 2,667 | 4,469| 4)510] 4/s10 | 4,496,

waite
2,309] 2,262] 2,259 | 2,523 | 1,614) 1,562 eo
2}647] 21669} 2\672 | 4,460 4,489) 4,506
3,277] ano] 2,204 | 2,480/ 1,016) 1,384 B98
2y7ai{ 2/582 | 2\578 | 4/are| 4/919] 4)405 " <
18 to 49 yoarsseseesevey . °
. 50 to 74 youresscecesesy| 2 2)666
2,520] 1,498} 1,460 | 1,909] 2,024] 2,909 | 1,908
8,143] 9,195 | 8,102 | 4,749] 4,725] ¢/se8 | 4/502
2,201
2y6st :
2,pi8} 1,624} 1,492 2,030] 1,882 | 1,977
5}167 | 3/134) 5;129 4{699] 4/s20 | 4;405 wonehite
1,688
73,359,
fr1,826 |*2,904]*2, 260 | *2,818 |*2, 472 |*2,671/+2,64 |#2,406 ‘
AL ones
15 to 49 yours... ajoaa] 2,028 | 1,039 | 1,965] 1,302) 2,414 | 2,420
50 to 74 yonraes ee 21366] 2,854 | 2,360 | 3/960] 4,000] sexe | 3,049
2,806] 1,801/ 1,8.4| 2,258 | 2,264) 2,422] 2,999 | 2,s16 white
8,898 | 9,942} 3,672 3,600 | 5,583) 5,607| 5,218 | 5,208 2,088] 2,029 | 1,029 } 2,366] 2,992] 1,420 | 1,406
. '358| 2,951 | 2,945 | 3,977) 4,027] syei0 | 9,646
Waite “ ?
2B vo 49 yoars....s+-40. | 2,799] 1,826 2,261| 2,437| 2,229 | 2,913 i
80 to 74 Yoars.cscsseces | 3,832 | 3,899 5,576] 5,600) 57251 +2205] 2,209 |*2,204 |+2,900[¢2,225| 2,269 |>2,259
Nonwhite . 2,708 | *2,598 |*2,576 |*4,2a1 |*4,459| "9,996 | 4,272 it
15 v0 49 yoars, = 2,497 lee, 222 | *2,206 it r
30 to 74 yoare,..- ees es - apes. -
‘Nm SOUT--TOTAL 360 2,068] 2,175)
034 4,928] 4,951
2,97] 2,718) 2,351 | 2,595 waite
54779) 8,778) 8,608 | 94607 | a5 to 49 yoars...ee-+ee4 21,862] 2,962] 1,948 | 1,400 | 2,085) 2,259] 2,858 | 1,980
50 to 74 yaare..,ccssued Sy244| 3,248] 3,072 | 3,074. | 4,902| 4,902) 4,607 | 4,650
2,812| 2,601| 2,902 | 2,512 Wonmht te |
5,404 5,481| 8,390 | 5,829 1,922 |*2,049 |*2,445/"2,579] *2,048 | 2,240
2,52¢| 2,908| 2,457 | 2,700 “
6,818| 6,887] 6,400 | 6,409
Is to 49 years... a,e08| 1/987] 1,012 2,598] 2,349 | 2,959
AL classes 50 to 74 youre 607 | 24843 5,665) 8,996 | 8,410
15 to 49 yearsseee. rere] 2,215] 1,186] 1,195
Es Ex 21994
ar72 | 1,280 | 2,412] 2,518] 2,349 | 2,30 4
2a | 3,684) 1,277] 3,289 | 2,000 3/497 | 3,808 | 5,852] 5,881] 5,409 } 8,431

to 7A yearareccsscces | 2,809 1992} 2,904 | 4)493| 4,512/ 4010 | 4,529
Honwhite

1,256

Les 2,290]2,004| 2,406 | 2,574 [49,028] #9,040| #2,529 | 2,664

Ir5,468]%5,502 | *4,948 |*4,907 |*5,451/45,492| 74,905 "4,994



4 DIFFERENTIAL FERTILITY, 1940 AND 1910

In all forecasts of future population changes, consideration
must be given to trends in birth and death rates,
has declined with the advances made in medical science; birth
rates have, in general, been declining for many decades, both
in the United States and in various countries of Europe.

‘The figures in table II, based on birth registrations (which
are available annually) indicate that the trend in the gross
reproduction rate has been upward during recent years. Most
of the improvement is attributable to increases in the first-
child birth . rate among young women, in association. with in-

creases in the marriage rate.

Mortality

Table If.—GROSS REPRODUCTION RATES BASED OW REGTSTERED BIRTHS, 1930
20 1942, AND BASED OW CHILDREN UNDER 5 AND 5 TO 9 YEARS OLD, 1940,

BY COLOR, FOR THE UNITED STATES

Statist ice tpeed on rthe are adjusted for undervoginteation, Statio-
(sta a ror Gees ‘to 1934 have also been adjusted to

tHe
Anolude as white the Mexicana who were c]
porta on birth statistics published for
‘ren

registered
or ‘regiatered births by color for 195(

sifted with the nowhite in the re-
years, Statistics based on chil:

‘old and for those children not represented “in Sample © because they wore not

Living with the mother)

aR 411 ctasses || mite | Nommntte
‘BASED ON REOISTERED BIRTHS
seeenenee 2,299 2,510
ety 1461
pus Ly40s
2,084 |] 1,049 1,550
xe |] ros 2367
ajoot ff rows | 2548
2087 |} ry087 1,305
joe || 1,054 3387
1,05 |! 1,070 1,355
Lore |} 1040 lm
aise |] 2,208 1,987
nim |] yase 1435
Tass |] aan 2400
2,007 |] 2,054 2,347
aust || alos 1378
OSE to IMD. seeeseerevee sssersese] 4201 ff 1,008 2,405
{Birth period of children under § yeare old
‘An 1040)
1230 to 1955. 3108 || 1,020 1,888

Birth peri
‘in 1940)

2tislusivve of Texas in 1982, since the State waa not in the Birth Registration

Aves, of 1952

“axclusive of Texas and South Dakota in 1051 and
rot in the Birth Registration area of 1981 or of 1950.

1050, since those States were

Reproduction rates computed from birth statistics may dif-
fer trom corresponding rates computed from ratios of children
to wonen (see table II). The differences arise from a number

of disturbing factors in the two sets of data.
tration of births has a counterpart in the
families to report to the emumerator th

‘The underregis~

failure of some

e@ Presence of young

children in the household, Both birth statistics and popula~
tion census statistics are affected by occasional misstatements

of age. The population in an area

soures

refer,

may be augmented or dimtn-
ished by migration to or trom another area; hence,
tion living in an area at a census date d
represent the survivors from the populati
area in the years to which the birth data

‘the popula~
loss not necessarily
on actually in the
Still other
of error could be cited. It is difficult to evaluate

the effect of all these disturbing factors in such a way as to

make the rates, computed trom two different
exactly. In spite of these difficulties,
computed from ratios of children to women
close agreement with the corresponding rat
birth statistics, particularly for the white

Age-specific birth rates.—an age-
bexdefined as the number of live birti
of Wiysar to a group of 1,000 women o:

types of data, agree
reproduction rates,

population,

‘Specific birth rate may
he occurring in the course
t a particular age inter-

‘The age-specific birth rates presented in table 8 were
computed from data on the mumber of women of childbearing age
and their children under 5 years old.® The data were adjusted
to allow for those children not enumerated in the census and
for the extent to which children enumerated in the census are
not represented in Sample C and Sample W. If this adjustment
hed not been made, the birth rates would have been too low.
(See Appendix A for a discussion of underenumeration and Appen-
dix B for a discussion of the extent to which young children
are not represented in the sample. )

In the computation of the birth rates from data on number
of women of childbearing age and their children under § years
old,.an allowance was.made for deaths among both the women and
their children between the time the children were born and the
date of the census. This allowance was made by means of mor-
tality rates computed from life tables (see Appendix c). The
allowance for deaths converted ratios of children to women in-
to birth rates for women during the five-year period preceding
the census date. By means of mathematical interpolation, the
five-year birth rates were converted into average annual age-
specific birth rates for women living during the period in
which the children were born.

An indication of the reliability of the estimated age-spa-
cific birth rates may be obtained froma comparison of the
estimated birth rates with corresponding birth rates computed
from data on mmber of registered births. Such a comparison
may be made from the.birth rates presented for the United
States in table III. In comparing the rates, the remarks in
the section on "Gross and net reproduction rates," concerning
the sources of possible bias in both the birth statistica and
the census data, should be borne in mind, especially in study-
ing the rates for the nonwhites.

Table III.—AVBFAGE ANNUAL NUMBER OP BIRTHS PBR 1,000 WOMEN 15 70 49
YEARS OLD, BY AGE AND COLOR OF WOMAN, BASED ON REGISTERED BIRTHS,
AND BASED ON CHILDREN UNDER 5 YEARS OLD, FOR THE UNITED STATES?
1935 70 1940

(aates based on registered births are adjusted for underregiatration, Rates bared
on children under § were derived from data of Sample C, ndjusted for underenc=
meration of children and for those children not represented in the sample be-
cause they wore not Living with the mother)

‘ALL CLASSES wa ONMETE

AGE OP WousN | Based on |Based on || Based on | Based on | Based on [Dased on
registored [children |fregistered | children [registered [children
birthe [under § |/ births |undor 5 | birthe | under 6

Total, 15 te
49 yours

69 70 66 er 80 0
CJ 50 4“ 46 ua 90
150 28 126 ee 58 369
ne ee ao lei us lee
0 85 80 as 20 4

a7 6 rt a 54 oh

ug 29 1 2B 0 az

5 a a 3 a

Mean length of a generation.—the mean length of a gener-
ation may be defined as the average age of mothers at time of
birth of a datwhter, or as the average spacing between two suc~
cessive generations of women.’ Figures on the mean length of
& generation are presented in table 9 and pertain to the even~
tual stable population that would result if the birth end death
rates of the specified period should continue unchanged at
each age level and 1f no emigration or immigration should occur.

‘The statistics in table 9 show that the mean length of &
generation for the United States, based on conditions in the
Period 1935 to 1940, would be 27.6 years. This figure repre-
Sents a decline from that based on conditions in the period
1906 to 1810, nanely 28,7 years. This decline may be accounted
for by the disproportionately rapid drop in the fertility of
the women in the older age groups.

Intrinsic rate of natural increase.—The intrinsic rate
of natural increase may be defined as the potential rate of
Growth of the population per annum, or as the annual rate of

pee Dub-

in, Louis I., and

Lotka, ‘True Rate of Increase wal of
Him guerean at datdeadAadodddeton, fey ae, abe, Nataeed, Za summa ot



FERTILITY AND REPRODUCTION RATES 27

Table 11.—GROSS AND NET REPRODUCTION RATES FOR WHITE AND NONWHITE WOMEN, BY STATES, URBAN AND RURAL: 1936 TO 1940 AND
1905 10 1910--Con.

Bistietsos vened on Sanpie © (1925 to 1940) and Sanpie W (1905 to 1910). Rates derived from data on total wonen, and on ohtldren under 5 years old in 1940 and 1910, ro~

etively. For explanation of asterisks, see text etatenont on "Coefficient of Variation.” Sow text also for basis of aalection of areas for which white or nonwhite
are shown noparately) °
GROSS REPRODUCTION RATE NET REPRODUCTION RATE ‘ROSS AEPRODUGTION RATE [NET REPRODUCTION RATE
‘Unad justed ‘Adjusted ‘Unsajuated ‘Adjusted ‘Uned fated Adjusted Unadjusted ‘Adjusted
‘AREA_AND COLOR
ases] ros | ases | 1905 [1935 | 1903 | asa5 | 190s ‘OF KOXAN 1985] 1905] 1935] 1908 [1095 [ 1005 | 2908 ] 2008
to | to vo | to | to | to to to to | to | to | to | to | to | to to
1940] rio | 1940] 1910] 940] 1910 | i940 | is10 1940] 1m0{ 1940] rsio | as¢o } 110 | 2940 | 2910

2,094] 1,676] 3,118) 2,861) 940] 1,972) 1,016} 2,20 1,492] 2,098] 1,888] 2,278] 1,297] 1,596] 1,598] 1,795

yv| 1a73] in} ae] 703] 932| 799] 908 "1,006 1280) *1,447] ¢956] 1,074] *2,292] *1,089
Rural-nontarn:
Whi tesssveevee eq] 72,299] *2,722| *2,204] 1,877 | *1,098] *2,428| *2,094 | *2,566) .| *1,556 | *2,190 | "2,000 | *2,991| *2,428) 2,696] *2,722] *1,006
Ruralefaze:
Whitesseeeeeeeed 2,542] 2,990| 2,742) 2,796] 2,397] 2,979] 2,977] 2,266 "2,947 | "2,280 | 2,526 | *2,672] 1,673] *2,759] *2,270| *2,062
MISSISSIPPI
: ‘Totals
seve] 2,281] 2,219{ 2,906] 2,985] 2,124] 2,544] 2,215] 2,920] Mites m6 { rye6.| ras! 1,990/ s40f 960] maa
Wonwhite..,..2+,| 1,878] 1,756] 1,899| 2,507] 1,109] 1,074/ 2,486] 2/592] Monwhite.....c.] *605 | 469g] +795] Fao] 493] *a02| +399
Urban: Urban:
Wis - - - - Waktorsssesveee] 668] 1240] v24] 2,500] 600] a2] 655] ge
: : - + Nommhite,.....:.] 9587 | “Yeiz| +7is) rar} *4ga] +359] #890] 430.
furnl-nonfarm:
1,087 | 1,393] "2,048 | *2,542] Whitescsevssesee] 958] 1,886] 2,025] 2,099) 963) 1,074| 920] 1222
- - - | Rurnteram:
5 Thiteresessseeef *2,952 | $2,864 2,515] *2,598] *2,192] *2,008] *2,989] *2,275
2,508 2,587] 2,808] 3,255] 1,224] 2,966) 1,026} 2,997 .
a}7s4) 2}ora| 2365] 2,976 1,428] 2,295] 1,947] 2,914 Norm O4ROLTNA
2,658 1,720] 2,267] 2,959
3,207 vyjaor| 1420] 2,956

950) 1,473] 1,018} 1,863] 866] 2,217] 928 1,974)
. . - - | mi] #77] 2,089) #749) 42,220
660| 1,039] 708] 2,108] s21| eas} 644} aa

2,092] 1,212] 1,664] 1,209] 1,804

1,154] *1,695 | "1,170 | "2,989 | ¢2,083 | 2,425] 1,068} 42,509

Rural-ferm:
White. 1,608] 2,972] 1,978| 3,072) 2,480) 2,974) 1,778] 2,307

1,438] 1,998] 1,608| 2,26] 2,308] 2,869/ 1,464] 2,948) Ronwhite ‘*1J900 | "2/624 | 2/969] *4,140] *2,602] *2,694/ *2,397] 72,662
NORTH DAKOTA

‘Toten

Wiltossseeseese} 214285] 1,684] 1,268/ 1,679] a,o12] 2,262] 2,098] 2,267 1,447] 2,544] 1,204] 1,980/ 2,912] 2,082
Urban: . Urban:

Whttosssesscevesf *850) *2,220] 920] *2,262] *748] a9] te09| * t926 WU eereeed = - - - - - - -
Rural-nontara: Rural-nonfarm:

WhttOreseseeeeed 1,285] *2,652 | *1,07] 72,753 | "2,107 | *2,279| *2,228] *2,957| Wiltoverssseseea *2,215| *2,826 | *2,301| *2,020] *3,202} *2,520] 2,201] *1,668
Rurel-farm: ‘urel-farm:

White. 1,608] *1,949 | *2,856] 42,269 | #1,973 | *1,489| *2,599) 2,728 Whitorssseseseed] *2,708| #2696 | *2,866/ 2,226] *2,540] 2,20] *1,008] 2,505

TREBRESKA .
Total:

Welterssesessee 2,058] 1,722] 2,202] 1,907] 958) 2,426] 2,008] 2,570] sis| ajte3] 997] 2,440] ea] ajo74) 904) - 2,198
Uream: ass] 4267| 2,067] #1,100] 62] #520] an0) Peco

Wattersececesevs} 1826] *2,274/ *e40] F206] +745] *990/ 765] 02]

2 re] ij} oa] 1,222] 705] 926] 74a] 98a
alert eos | 4606] 065] fed] *en5] ane] *905] “822

Wal tevsvsesseso] *2,094} "2,506 | 2,218] *2,648 | 995 | *2,260| 2,028 | *2,279]

ural-tarms ured-nonta
Watts a.eeo| ao] 2qs05{ a,e18| a,os0/ a,00/ gare) Malteveseseseeeo] 2,204] 2,880] 3,024] 2,796] 2,076) 1,00] 2,208] 2,402.

a,s40} 1,85] 1,856} 1,817] 2,210) 3,297] 2,409] 2,487

1,206] 2,269| 1,286 2,595] 1,003] 2,543/ 2,12] 1,695

s1,os4| *2,459 | #504] *2,049] #957] 2,222]

‘eze| *1,522| esa] *1,558| *729) e09) | 7a] 08
+06 -

woas|*1,497| *e14}.r1,049] e405 | *2,091]

Rural-nonfera:
@

" " * 2,272] *1,199] 1,809] *2,292| 1,507
“1,207 av2 | *2,189] *2,264] *2,

2,198 "1,556 1,008 | 12,299] *2,080 | #2202

tara
Arete tes 1,686] 2,880] 1,797| 5,259] 2,505] 1,947| 1,604] 2,227
yos| 1,878| 799| 1,488] 63a] 1,050] 725| 2,194] ‘oRRNON
tte. eso] ayea2] 944] a,a09) en) om] ato] a,ni8

1 ws

vea| tajae0] tee] 2,52] t762/ 43,218] “28a ) "2,296 +1,070 | *1,529] 1,296] *2,886] 972) #2,n02/ *1,030] #2345

Ruralefarn:
Waite seeeae

1,162] *1,827 | *2,492] *2,109] *2,080] 2,540] 2,205] *2,77



24 - DIFFERENTIAL FERTILITY, 1940 AND 1910
‘Table 10,—NUMBER OF CHILDREN EVER BORN PER 1,000 WHITE AND NONWHITE WOMEN 1 TO 49 YEARS OLD, STANDARDIZED FOR AGE OF WOMAN, FOR
STATES, URBAN AND RURAL: 1940 AND 1910--Con.

BBtetistics basea on Sanple o (1940) and Sanple W (1910). Rates yer 1,000 wonen-bezed on total wonon of given claas, except ever married not reporting on children, For
‘oxpleastion of astepicks, see text stateront on "Coefficient of Variation." Soe text aloo for basis of selection of argas for which white or somehite are shown

Separately}
Grae HR 1,000 woLERT, 1840 CHILDREN FER 1,000 wowew, 1920
STATE aD COLOR Tastandaraized Standardized for ane Uistaniardized ‘Standardized for age
OF out
aural Rural- | Rural Rural. | @ural- Rural- | pural-
otal |} Urban fara | Totst || tran | ionfoom) fara | 2 J Ueben | Sone] fare | Pot | Orton | Torte | Base

seeesesseee| 2,422] ay208] "2,488 | 2,208 | 2,999 ]) 2,278] 3,486 | 1,696 | 2,970} 1,945} “2,880 } 2,890 | 2,106]] 1,650] 2,028 | 2,520

Kontucky:
WiLtOss vepeseeee 2,208
Monwhites..... 2.212] *Lya70 | *1y292

ayoet | 2,207 | 2,025} 1,292] 2,001 | 2,403 | 2,219] 2,493] 2,224] 2,682 | 2,a29|] 1,520) 2,952 | 2,990
. =| Aisz0 | *1j085 - > | viisse 41,599 = = | *2h1sa]) *1,504 - -

Loutota:

WO: ssevevvsvesese{ 24985 |] 275] 12,228 | 2,080 | ayers] a,a60] |a,e07 | 2,209 | 2,595] 1,770] t2,50| 3,028 | 2,724|] 1,008] 9,002 | 9,642

Wonwhit trees |} xy4s0] *1y765 | 23209] 14907 | yss0| 2857 | 2)5e2 | 2,508) 1e08| “2,552 / 3,048 | 2,950|] 2,082] *3,a29 | 9)619
Mata -

vite. seseee{ 2,828 |] 228] 2,677 [",eus | ajsea faze] 2,890 | "1,905 | 27a} 2,808/ 2,87 |*1,958 | 2,r2|) 2,508] 2,849 [reo
Maryland: | .

WELD. eeeleeeeeee azz] 1,078 |*a,770 | 2,248] 2,090] 2,082 | va,ee7 | 202} 2,596] ‘2,084 |%2,1¢0 | 2,085 /] 2,551] 2,099 fre,278

Nonwhito.scsscvscees er3 =|" =| eas | izes} = ~ | e215} tjsie =| 7 = | ¥2,868]] #24550 =|":
Massachusetts: .

WLC. eeeeeeeee

ef .ag7 |} aja] eee] - | 2,082] a,077} 2,208 = | asotf aasa] visas] = | a,400]) aya] aus] -
MLohigan
cs

1,416 || 1,260] 1,60 | 1,947 | 1,006

2,668 | 2,02 | 2,925] 1,868] 1,982] 2,104 | 2,596] 1,670] 2,08 | 2,177
‘i289 || “11278 “Teal - - rs 5

By er] er] oe a] @ ar ya

‘Minnesota : 7
WiSt0reeveseeeveseee] 24299] a,042] “1,982 ] 2,765} a,200] ors] 2,99 ] x,8e7 | 2,007] 2,974] 2,909] 2,469 | 2,220] a,se4] 2,272 | 2,810

usecsostpal
vn

2,608 |} 41,095

neo | 2,419] "1,000

2, 2,107 | 2,696 | 2,025] *2,028| 2,294 | 3,206
*1jze8| *2\600 | 2,475 | 2989 | *2,790| *4,722 | 2,797 | 9,590|) *2,08¢] 5,195 | 3,409

2,966 | 1,790 | tras] 1,494
062

Homhite,ssiscressee | 1885 ff *1,219 2,178

Missourt:
unite. 1ysia | 2,053 1,901 | 1,807 g05| 1,485 | 1,998 | 2,901 1,488 2,001} 2,998 | 2,029]] 1,542] 2,np9 | 2,316
Nonwtst 1,298 ft *L,ee) =| ue] fae - = | 2285 | 1,488: - ~ | *11865|] *2,569, - -

Montana: - . 1
Mate eee ase || 2,208] *1,080 |*2,094 | 1,882] *2,299| *2,652 | *2,059 | 2,918 | "2,478 *2,995|*2,019 | 2,050] *2,097| 2,128 [*2,748

sesteseeeree| 2,498 |] a,asa] 2,494] 2,242] 2,429 2,290] 2,473 | 2,745 | 1,974] 4470] 2,794] 2,408 | 2,203] 1,603] 1,998 | 2,729

see | 1,258 - - ~ | ten - - + | 50 - - ~ | 540 - - -

Wow Hampshire:
Waiterssesee

vee[ 1.394] “Less | *2,468 =} aysen fe ayen7 | 2,477 - | 2,606] "1,676 ] “1,608 = | 1,808]] 2,658] "2,645, -

Wow Jersey:
z,126 |] 2,092] 2,262 | *2,502
"1,088 - -

‘ 1,060} 1,206 | 2,308 | 1,707 f 1,708] 1,21] "1,748 | 1,750]) 2,772] 1,690 ff1,672
1,264 = = - = =

2,097
‘jas | "L308 vijasof “11387 - sijsa7|] mist

Wabtorsceseeceree | 1,076 | *2,549] 2,980] ¢2,220] 2,04] *1,577] 72,249 | 2,582 | 2,700] *1,920| *2,074 |*2,020 | 9,020] *2,078| *2,e06 | 9,288

How York: .
Waiters +] aro. | ajo] 2,292] 1,878 | 2,098 gs] 1,216 | 1,629 | 1,506) 1,868] 1,628] 2,70 | 1,680]) 1,648) 2,609 | 2,618
Monmhite clit] "969 352 = = 953 315 - = | 1260) “1/198 ~ ~ | daar 1263 - -
North Carolina :
zeae | 2,224] 2,504] 2,004]  a,e1¢]/ 2,202) 2,749 | 2,907 | 2,83 / 1,800] 2,200] 2,619 | 2,754 2,998
ajrse | *1,928| *1)598|*2,249| 2,071 | *1,455| "1,942 | 2,780 | 2,487 | *1,925| *2,297| "2,002 | 9,126 ExSty

seeesee| 2659 |] 2,008] 2,690] 2,06] 2,792] *2,244] 2,m9 | 2,198 | 2,202) *1,<19] 2,923] 2,668 | 2,705] 2,045] 2,295 | 9,087

2,008 | asa} 1,887 | 2,745

zea} 2,228| a,se9 | 1,264 | 1,876
1j985 | Ls19 a

o ayeas| 2,987 | 1,705] 1,546/ 2,922 | 1,967
2}806 } 2262 + Vas -

2,808
*1\500 #1380 =

aros | ° 1,286] 2,009] 2,154] 2,208] 3,207] 1,868 | 2,090 | 2,624,742] 2,520] a,049 | 2,947] 2,958) 2,009 | v.48
“1,798 - - | 1,965} "2,850 = ~ | *2,6396 - - - *3,202|| *2,382 - -

aera | a,om} asa} 1,699] 2,208 g7a| 1,499] 1,654] ajese} 1,203] 1,865] 2,259 | 1,748] 1,060] 2,982 | 2,902
z,as2 | 2,299] 2,622] 2,693] 2,970) 2,200] 2,709 | 1,908] 1,892) 1,720] 2,227] 2,248 | 2,986] 2,707] 2,818 | 2,140
*1y445 | #23985 > =| Y368]) *2,209 - =| tts] yee - ~ | i597] 2,506 - -
Rhode Talend;
Walteeseeeseveeeee| 25285 [4,286 - -| ase} aaze - - | ase7] 1,508 - = | asa] 2,67 -

South CaroLinar :
3,759} *1,221| 1,768 | 2,200 | 2,205] 42,750] 2,082] "2,698 | 2,752] 1,969) 2,690

2,804 | 2,270] 2,578 3
2,419] *2Js87| *2,088 | 2,990 | 2,252| *1,901| *2,447|*3,081 | a,499]| *2,057/ *9,078 | 5,

Broa | *2;868/ 42,776

3,576 | *1,2e8] 1,587] 2,886] 2,602|) *2,200) *2,586 | 1,688] 2,052], 2,997) *2,762| 2,408 | 2,989] “1,854/ *2,078 | 2,708

2,683 |) 1,269] 1,690] 2,008} 3,738] 2,285] 1,792] 2,168 | 2,208// 1,566) 2,261) 2,488 | 2,212] 2,799] 2,570 | 2,768
ass I "2,285 sleayaae | aise *ay222 =| 2,407 | 2,26¢]] 1,740 =| 2,983 | 2,6u7l| *1,9221 = |*s,400

2 Statistics for nonsihite women not available separately for 1910,

|



INTRODUCTION

GENERAL,

Tis report presents fertility rates for women 15 to 74
yoars old, for the United States, based on returns of the Six-
teenth end Thirteenth Decennial Censuses of Population, taken
as of April 1, 1940, and April 15, 1910, respectively, * Most
of the fertility rates were computed from the detailed statis-

* ties on fertility presented in the report entitled "Differential
Fertility, 1940 and 1910—Fertility for States and Large cit-
jes". * Standardized numbers of children ever born and of
childyen under 5 years old per 1,000 women are presented, by
age, color, and marital status of woman, These rates are stand-
ardized for various combinations of age, color, and marital
status of woman, and urban-rural residence. Other fertility
rates were derived, by the use of appropriate life tables, trom
the numbers of, women of childbearing ages and of their chil-
dren under 5 years old and 5 to 9 years old; these are gross
and net reproduction rates, intrinsic rates of natural increase,
mean length of generation, intrinsic birth and death rates, and
age-specific birth rates. The rates indicate some of the more
important patterns and trends in fertility. ‘Statistics are
Given for the United States by regions and States, urban and
rural; for cities of 250,000 inhabitants or more; and for met
Topoliten. districts of cities of 1,000,000 inhabitants or more,

The fertility statistics in this report were computed from
data based on tabulations of samples of women 15 or more years
old enumerated in the 1940 and 1910 censuses. Thess samples
are identified as Sample C and Sample W, respectively. Char-
acteristics of the woman and of her household were obtained
trom éntries on the Population schedules, where the individual
members of a household were enumerated on consecutive lines.
(See section on "Nature of the sample data," below.)

Related reports on fertility.—This is one of a series of
reports entitled "Differential Fertility, 1940 and 1910," based
on sample tabulations of the 1940 and 1910 fertility data. The
Teport on "Fertility for states and Large Cities," to which
this report is a supplement, presents data on women by number
of children ever born, number of children under 5 years old,
number of children 5 to 9 years old, age at marriage, and du-
ration of marriage, cross-classified by age, color, and marital
status of the woman, for the same areas as those for which data
are presented in this supplement, Additional reports on fer-
tility are planned which will include statistics on fertility
in relation to social, economic, ‘and other characteristics of
whites and Negroes, including country ‘of birth for the foreign-
born whites, for the United States, by regions, urban and rural.

Related reports on population.—a report entitled "The
labor Force (Sample Statistics)—Employment and Family Char-
acteristics of Women" contains sample data on the labor
force status of women by age, color,and marital status, cross
classified with number of children under & years old and 5 to

"9 years old. Figures are shown for the United States by re~
gions, urban and rural, and for the metropolitan districts of
100,000 inhabitants or more.

A series of reports entitled "Families" contains sample
data on families by number of children under 10 years old, un~
der 18 years old, and under 21 years old. The report in that
series which contains the most statistics relating to ferti1-
ity is entitled "Types of Families and presents figures on
families by marital status, age, color, and sex of head, and
number of children under 16 years old, cross-classified by age

‘the 1940 Population Ceneus schedule and the instructions to exwmeratora are
reprodused in Part 1 of Volume IY of the Sixteonth Deconnial Census Reports on Pop-
lation, ‘The 1920 Population Census schedule 1s reproduced in Volume I of the

‘Thiztoenth Decennial Genme Reporte on Population.
‘2 7he present report incorporates corrections for seversl minor errors in the
report entitled "Differential Fertility, 1940 and 1910—Fertility for 8: and

Iarge Cities.”

508585 O- 44-2

of wife for families with married male heads, number of chil-
dren under 10 years old, size of family, education of head,
monthly ’rental of home, and other characteristics,

Valuable source material on fertility for areas smaller
‘then those presented in this report are contained in Volumes
Tl and IV of the Sixteenth Census Reports on Population, en-
titled "Characteristics of the Population" and "Characteristics
by Age—Marital status, Relationship, Education, and Citizen-
ship," respectively, and in the series of Population and Hous~
ing Reports entitled "Statistics for Census Tracts." From data
on individuals classified by age and sex in those reports,
ratios of children to women of childbearing age, and repro-
duction rates computed by the so-called "indirect method,” can
be derived, ‘The measures of fertility which may be computed
from those source materials, however, are not as precise as
those shown in the present series of reports on differential
fertility.

Arrangement of tables,—Fertility statistics are given for
the United States and regions in tables 1 to 9, for States in
tables 10 and 11, and for large cities and metropolitan dis-
tricts in tables 12 and 13, Within these three groups, tables
derived trom data on number of children ever born precede those
derived trom data on number of children under 5 years old and
5 to 9 years old.

Availability of unpublished data.—The tables in this re-
port present all of the reliable standardized fertility rates
and reproduction rates computed on the basis of data shown in
the report "Differential Fertility, 1940 and 1910—Fertility
for States end Large Cities." Coefficients of variation (see
section on "Coefficients of Variation") were worked out for the
fertility statistics shown in tables.1 to 8 and 10 to 14 of
the present report, With the exception of the selected values
exnibited in text table IV, the exact values of the coefficients
are not shown in this report, but those based on data from San-
ple C can be made available upon request, for the cost of tran-
scription, Requests for these date, addressed to the Director
of the Census, Washington 25, D. C., will receive a prompt re-
ply, Including an estimate of the cost of preparing the figures.

DEFINITIONS OF TERMS AND EXPLANATIONS

ghildren ever born.—In ths classification of wanen by nun-
ber of children ever born, ali children ever born alive to a
wouan during her lifetime were counted, including children by
any former marriage. Although this question was not asked of
wonen reported as single, there 1s evidence that most of the
single mothers with illegitimate children living in the house~
hold reported themselves as married, widowed, or divorced.
Hence, the statistics are not limited strictly to legitimate
fertility. In the determimtion of total children ever born
to women in 212 maritel status groups combined, therefore, it
has been assumed that women reported as single had borne no
children, * Without this assumption, fertility rates could have
been computed only for women who were or had been married.

ir dlegitinate births which are registered may be attributed to single wouen,
At appears that few of the wonen having illegitiaate children dn the housshold ware
reported as ‘single in the 1940 census, Moreover, the rimber of aingle wosen with
[Mogitimate children inthe household was a negligible proportion ef the total
unter of single women,

“nthe pariod 1988 to 1080, there wore 161,047 ‘Tegitinate births rocintared
for white wousn and 210,605 iilegitinate births registered for nonhite women in the
United Staten, exclusive of those States which did not require a statenent on the
birth certificate concerning legitinacy (namely, Mastachusatts, New York, and Cal~
Eternia for all years, 1085 to 1880, and Texan for 1986 and 1ei9), The FAgures on
number’ of illegitinata births are Subject to considerable understateaont as there
Jae tendency to report such births as legitimate, In contrast, only 15,400 mative
white single women and 18,040 Kegro single wonen ‘were 79 ‘as nothers of Alle
Gitinate children unter & years old in the 1940 Census (Semple C) for the entire
United States.

‘The 18,400 native white cingle wouen with iTlegitinate children under 5 yours
old eqapriaed only 0.1 percent of the 10,049,300 native white single women 15 to 49
yours old represented in Sanple C; the 16,040 Negro single wouen with illegitinate
Ehildren under 5 years old comprised only'1,5 percent of the 1,056,620 Negro single
ronan 15 to 48 youre old represented in Sanple C.

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VI CONTENTS

APPENDIXES

Appon=
dix

A: Completeness of enumeration of children under 5 years old in the censuses of 1940 and 1910, sees
; Proportion of all children under 5 years old and 5 to 9 years old represented in Sample C (1940) and Sample W (1910)
Life-table stationary populetion for females under 55 years old, 1980 to 1939 and 1909 to 1911..
Procedure for computing gross and net reproduction rates from age-specific ratios of children to women,

1, Method for computing reproduction rates from age-specific ratios of children under 5 years old to womens...

2, Method for computing reproduction rates from age-specific ratios of children 5 to 9 years old to women.,
8. Possible refinements in the method of computing the reproduction rateSsssessesseceeeeectereeetesseneees
Ei Procedure for computing average annual age-specific birth rates from ratios.of children under 5 years old to women.

APPENDIX TABLES

Table

Acl.--Zstimated percentage of children under 5 years old
enumerated in the census, by color, for the
United States, by regions, urban and rura!
1940 end 1910, sees tone

ArR,--Estimated percentage of white and nonwhite chil-
dren under 5 years old enumerated in the census,
for States, urban and rural: 1940...

4-3,--Estimated percentage of white and nonwhite chil-
dren under 5 years old enumerated in the census,
for divisions, urban and rural; 1910,,

B-l.--Percentage of all children under § years old and 5
to 9 years old represented in Sample C, by color,
by regions,

for the United States, urben and
rural: 1940., deteee

Be2,~-Percentage of all children under 5 years old rep-
resented in Semple W, by color, for the United
States, by regions, urban and rural: 1910......

B-8,--Percentage of all white and nonwhite children
under 5 years oli represented in Sample C, for
cities of 250,000 inhabitants or more, and for
metropolitan districts of cities of 1,000,000
inhabitants or more: 1940

Page

33

33

33

34

34

‘Table

B-4.--Percentage of ell’ white and nonwhite children
tor

under 5 years old represented in Sample 0,
States, urban and rural: 1940,....+.

B-5.--Percentage of all white and nonwhite children
under 5 years old represented in Sample W, for
States, urban and rural: 1910...+esseseesensees

Cul.--Life-table stationary population for females under
55 years old, by age and color, for the United
States, by regions, urban and rural: 1930 to
1939.....4 a .

C-2,--Life-table stationary population for females under

55 years old, by age and color, for the United
States, by regions, urban and rural: 1909 to

TDLlicecccrccecscaseusessseeesaeces weet eeee

ong

“Life-table stationary population for white and
nonwhite females under 55 years old, by age, for
divisions, urban and rurs 1980 to 1989 ana
1909 to 1911, Perrrseere sees

E-l,--Life-table stationary population for children under

5 years old, by color, for the United Statea, by
regions, urban and rural: 1980 to 1989 and 1905

TO 190 ceeeeccereerceeceecenserneneeenenereeeee

35

85

86

387

40

ie


RE RE eg mR RI SRE AAO OE YA AR gente Hite

‘Table 6.—NUMBER OF CHILDREN UNDER 5 YEARS: OLD PER 1,000 WOMEN 15 TO 49 YEARS OLD,

MARITAL STATUS OF WOMAN, FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY REGIONS, URBAN AND RURAL:
[Btatiatien based on Sample ¢ (2940) and Senpte Hf (1930).

Rates por 1,000 women based

FERTILITY AND REPRODUCTION RATES

13

BY AGE AND COLOR OF WOMAN, STANDARDIZED FOR

on total wogen of given olass.
"cooffeione of Variation")

1940 AND 1910

For explanation of asterisks, soe text, statement on

CHILDREN FER 1,000 NOMEN, UNADSUSTED

CRILDUR PER 1,000 WOMEN, ADJUSTED

‘Age Of wonan--years ‘Age of wonan--yeare
AREA AND SUBJECT ‘Total ‘Total
women |] 15 to] 20 to] 25 to] G0 to] 95 ta] 40 to) 48 to} wonen | 15 to 25 to] 90 to] 95 te | 40 to] 45 to
39 24 ao | at | 44 | 49 9 29 at a | ae | a8
UNITED STATES~TOFAL

Unstandardizad, total wonen.......{ 26. | so] 998 | sos | aaa | ona] rao} 43. soe | ca] ano} sea | ana] sor |. ase a”
Married once, husband prodent, 46s [495 | 776 | 750) sea | ase] 179 |. BL 504 595, axe |. 609 | sez | 194 55
Other ever marrieds....++ 27s |) 426 | 698 | 815]. 351} mst} 105 | 40 so | 526 | seo! sz |” seo | 207 | Las “3

Standardized, tote wonan.. eer |) 59 | 596 | sea] 434 | wee | Mo] 4g sot | ca | 42g] see | 470 | 307 | 52 a

White, 1940

Unstandardized, total wonon...++++ eve |} st | 905 | see | aan | as | sa | 40 asy | sa | an} ser | an} soe | sar 43
Married once, husbund present,../ 458 || 477 | 772 | 752] sea | 358 | ra] 48, aap | cio | 825 | 80s | 60a | . seo | 1s a
Other ever married... are f] aza | 642 | s4o| 36a | zea | 104 | a6, asa) asa}. es¢ | 577 | soa |" asg | aan 3

Standardized, tote) wonon, am j| ss] soa.| saa} aga | eer | 97 | 40 zoe | 59) 4a | ser | 460] s00 | 14s “3

Nowwatte, 1940

Unstenderdized, rotor wonon.......| 300 || aay | 477 | 498 | a0 | a0 | 260 | 7a asa |) isa | see | a5 | ase | a6 | a69 er

Married once, husband prosent...| 547 || 893 | e23 | 700) 851 | 497 | 242 | 108 645 || 699 | 976 | 62 | 650) 85 | Bar 123
are || 680 | 625 | s6| 279 | 199] iis | aL gap |) coz | ror | asl | geo | 205 | a5
seo | 73 | a5 | so) ao | oes | lee} ar oor |} eo | 489) 99 | 48a | geo | ais 6

Unstendardized, total wonen, 425 || ss | 437 | 708] sas | qe | mrs | 97 as7 | 62 | 50a] 798 | 77 | 00 204
Married onca, a8 |} 491 | s47 | 2,05. | a9 | 601 | 405 | a7 mez) s29 | 1,019] 2m | 957 | 744 137
Othe: narried.. 965 ff ove | 649 | “exe | son | 265 | 208 | ak. 30s | 422 | ‘sop | 'ssx | 559 | 99, 65

Standardized, totel weaescccccee| 429 86 | 47 | 705 | 80} be” | 08 | 95 ace J 60 | 50a} 791 | 724] 67 302

uhite, 1910

Unstandardized, total wosen, 42s | 5a | 457} 743] 96 | sas | cio | oe asa | 55] 405 | 796 | 740] 800 |, 96 cy
Married oneo, husbant preeent...| 794 || 467 | S81 | 2,082] 895 | 588 | 400 | . 120 mei | sis | r,012{ 1,190 | 952 | 792 | 428 128
Other ever merricd..ssssesesesee| 870 ) 388 | gas | ‘ssa | saz | avs | aoa | 56 ac fas | "79% ma | 968 | 999 | 28 60

Standardized, total wonen......-.{ 429 || 5 | «473 | 71] 68g | 520] 305 | 89 ase | 59 | 803} 799 | 727 | S62 | ane 8

Nonwhite, 1910

Unstandardized, total woaen, az} m2 | sss | sa] © sas | sis | air | 147 49s | sor | es2} 777 | gor | 05 | a4 am
erred once, husband pr yer | soo { si9 | 953) saz | 726 | ara | 227 93 | 600 | 1,085 | 1,125 | 970 | 957 | 560 268
Other ever mirriod, see sis |] 400} 85a} 47a | gon | an | zor | a9 ar | 472 | "sso | "sso | ars} am | eae 103

Standardized, total wonen.ssccies as | sa | 444} 651] gos | 540 | 349 | 262 sy | 68 | see} 769 | mis] ae | ane lose

UNETED staT#S~-URBAN

ALL Classes, 1940
Unstandardized, total waren... ao || a) ass] an}. oss | a] sa] a6 ea | a9} sa} asa | sr2| eee | 99 a
ser |} 445 | csr | 5az | - 405 | zed] a8 a1 aor | ass | gas} 678 | | su |. 99 | 188 38
aio |} ao | sar} a2] av | ass| 70 |. 27 er | aes | sop | 4nd | | 20g} 16a | 74 Py
ges || sa) sal | 485) 367 | ale | 87 a zag | ss | oa] 479 | sas | bao | 02 cS

nite, 1940
zai || a5 | neo | aaa | sey | ear | 5 | ae aa | 37 | soz] 46a | o80 | eer | 99 a
362 |} 420} 650] 654] 94.) 206) 125 | 90, sop J 459 | 679] ges | te | a9 | aol aL
ae || ses | 50s | 44s | 20a | asa] 20 | ar 22g | sar] sco} 465 | siz} a0 | 79 2
zea || “49 | am | 469) ava | ear} 97 26 asa | si | 24s] 490 | os | Bo} 02 ar
Wonmhite, 1940

Unstanderdized, total wonen.......) 198 | 309 | 55 | on. | aaa | ter | 90 | a8 zea | ass | 4or| + o2 | 20a} ee | 102 o
Married once, husband prosinés.« avs |) 579} sso} 498) gs | 257] as | Be 423 | 650 | 745} 560 | 996 | 290 | ter 59
Other over nasriea, a asa |} coq | sos | 279 | avs | en] 69) ao eos f ma | ors | 95 |. 1968 | 198 | 78 33

Standardized, total womens. ..scses aie |. 72 | 332 | 845] 80 | a92) 207 | 40 zas | 62) 375 | sup | esa | ei? | aah ry

All Classes, 1910 .

Unstantardized, total women...) 927 || 95 | 396 | 878} a7 | aor] mio] at sos} se | sas] 593 | stn] an | ees 63
Married once, husband present. sis |} ae7 | 80s | 908] 956 | 85] son] a7 go. | aso | 826} 982 | 775: | veo | 310 a9
Othor ever narriod, aso || sao | sro | 456 | 349 | za9| a9) 98 zee | sao | ses| 46a | ase | mas | doe 6

Standardized, total wow! sae || 48} s2'] 62 | 885 | 409) eee |g as | 49 | soz] ba7 | 89 | a9] a8 ca

1910
total won +} sae} sa | so] son] ssa | ais | 225 | sa aaa [se | sar | 6a | 570 | are] 2a cy
husband pres 626 |} 490} ees) 904) 9774 | 565 | 05] - 87 sao } ass | oan | 954 | ro | a7 | ae 89
everseseersee| 265 || 941 | sez | si7 | . see | ass) isa} 95 an | ms | sre | 520 | ago | 280 | 342 38
Stonderdized, total woten.........] 956] 49 | 405 | 64a | 7a | 419 | 228) ao aes } so | 44] 562 | 58s | 420 | 202 84
Nonwhite, 1910

Unatandardized, total wore... ee || se | 209 | saa] 200 | ass) im] 40 asy | om | saa} 70 | aun | ase | 190) 53

Marri at. 44a |} 400 | 610 | 560] 44s | gre] mas} as 499 | 445 | 679 | saa | ass | aus | 299 2
neo f sao | sas} 24a | pos | sa] ve |e zoo | so7 | sas | 276 | 220] ie | a7 38

Standardized, total wons! ee || 46 | 202 | 77 | 526 |. 275 | 54] 60 zea | 52 | 325] 49 | 368, | 906 | aml ca

[UNETED SA7E5~-RURAL-MONPARM
ALL Olasses, 1940

Unstandardized, totel wonen.......] 943 | a3 | S26 | 64s] ase | as] ass} 4a. ass | aa | sso] 60s | sea | 99 | 66 46
Married once, husband present, saz || soe | 69] es) 599} se.) 19) 52 565 | sco} saa) 688 | 620] 40s | 20L 55
Other over married, gas || sis | mo} sez] az | 268] az. 7 ass | sa7 | 754 | 628 | 45a] ae | ie 39

Standerdized, totel see] 6s | 442 | 592] 466 | 08] ise | ao aoa | a7 | 409 | © oe | 495 | ey | ad 6

tntte, 1940

Unstanderdizea, total none sar] 79 | 529 | ose] = soo | a9) ass | wk ass | as | sor | sas | sor | 006 | aos 48
Married once, husband present...| 52a || 528 | are | ois| 593 | 976 | 187 | 50 sss | sos | oer | ose | 625 | 96 | 197 88
Other ever married,., settee 338 |} 490 729 603 4z9| 269] ea 33 356 | 516 168 bal ase | 2es |} 1g. 85

Standardized, total wonen..... sea] 62. | 448} 595 | 470 | 308) aso] 40 esp | 68 | 470 | ser | 495 | see | 188 co

Wonwsite, 1940

Unstandardized, total wonens...+. a0 |] 120 | 4s7| sea | goa | sav | rez | - 60 ava | 1s6 | ses | os0 | ase | 69 | aes cy
Married once, husband prosent.../ 594 |] Elz | als) slo} 503 | 483) zes | al. sys | 69s | sea | 927 | ora | See | 286 92
Other aver married... air i} 62a} - ea} so} mis] az) ise] 68 aso | 705 | 707 | 567 | 54] 7h | 154 a

Standerdized, total yonon. ga || 75 | 409! sm] aaa] a3] re} 88 soo | es]. sea] e47 - 803 | 400 | 202 n


FERTILITY AND REPRODUCTION RATES 3

the decade. The trend of fertility during this period of chang-
ing economle conditions can best be determined from such fig-
ures as annual birth statistics (see table II) or the statis-~
tics showing the number of children by single years of age in
1940 which appear in Volume IV of the Population reports.

Standardized rates.—In several tables fertility rates are
presented standardized for age, color, and marital status of
woman and urban-rural residence, In these tables, the standard
1s the distribution of all women in the United States with re-
spect to a given characteristic. , A standardized rate shows
what the fertility rate for a group of women would be if these
women had the same distribution as the standard with respect
to the given characteristic. A standardized rate is computed
by taking the fertility rates for women (in a particular area)
classified by a given characteristic and by multiplying each
of these rates by the proportion of women (in the United States)
in the corresponding category of this characteristic; the sum
of these products is the standardized rate.

Tt follows that, for all women in the United states asa
whole, an ulstandardized rate is always the same as the corre-
sponding standardized rate, For a group such as the rural-farn
nonwhite women in the South, however, the unstandardized and
standardized fertility rates may be very different. Since
the rural-farm nonwhite women 15 to 49 years old in the South
are more heavily concentrated in the younger age groups than
all women 15 to 49 years old in the United States as a whole,
and since the number of children ever born per 1,000 women is
lower for women in the younger age groups than in the older
age groups, the unstandardized number of children ever born per
1,000 rural-farm nonwhite women in the South in 1940, namely,
2,190, was considerably lower than the corresponding rate stand-
ardized for age, namely, 2,574, On the other hand, in the West
the unstandardized mumber of children ever born per 1,000 ur-
ban white women 15 to 49 years old in 1940 was 1,098, whereas
the corresponding rate standardized for age was somewhat lower,
namely, 1,036. This difference arises from the fact that there
ig a tendency toward concentration of these women in the older
ages. The same line of reasoning may be easily extended in
Interpreting the rates that have been standardized for two or
more characteristics.

The main value ‘of standardized rates is that these rates
for different groups may be compared with confidence that the
observed differences are not attributable to or obscured by
variations among the groups in the distribution of women with
respect to the characteristic for which the rates have been
standardized. For instance, a comparison of the unstanderdized
and standardized rates quoted above indicates that there were
important differences between the age distributions of the
rural-farm nonwhite women in the South and the urban white wo
men in the West; and that the difference between the fertility
Tates of the two groups tended to be obscured by this fact
when the unstandardized rates were compared. ‘The standardized
rates, therefore, may be interpreted as refined measures of the
fertility of women, which fertility may be properly gauged
only when the effect of variation in disturbing characteristics
is minimized.

Gross and net reproduction rates.—The gross and net re-
production rates presented in tables 7, 10, and 12 were computed
from data on number of women of, childbearing ages and their
children under 5 years old and 5 to 9 years old. °

Both "unadjusted" and "adjusted" reproduction rates are
shown in the tables. ‘The “unadjusted” rates contain no allow-
ance for the underenumeration of children under § years old fh
the census or for the extent to which those children under 5
years old and 5 to 9 years old enumerated in the census are
not represented in Sample C and Sample W. The "adjusted" rates
contain an allowance for. these factors. (See Appendix A for a
discussion of underenumeration and appendix B for a discussion
of the extent to which young children are not represented in
the samples.) As already stated, the children 5 to 9 years old
ef both white and nonwhite women were assumed to have been
completely enumerated. This assumption appears to be acceptable
for the whites, but it may not be strictly true for the non~
whites, Because of this dssumption the gross and net repro-
duction rates shown in the detailed tables for the period 1930

300 Appendix D for a detailed description of the mathod of computation.

to 1985 are probably too low for the nonwhites, bit should be
satisfactory for the whites and, because of the low proportion
of nonwhites in most cases, for "all classes" as well.

In the computation of the reproduction rates, an allowance
was made for deaths among both the women and thelr children
between the time the children were born and the date of the
census. This allowance was made by means of mortality rates
computed from life tables (see Appendix C). ‘The reproduction
rates, therefore, reflect the approximate fertility and mor-
tality conditions prevailing in the periods April 1, 1985, to
March 31, 1940; april 1, 1930, to March 31, 1985; and April 15,
1905, to April 14, 1910,

‘The gross reproduction rate represents the number of daugh-
ters a cohort of 1,000 female infants beginning life together
would have during the course of their lives, if the cohort were
subject to the birth rates at each age level which prevailed
at the time specified, and if none of the cohort was to die
before the end of the childbearing period, or about age 50,
‘The net reproduction rate represents the mimber of daughters a
cohort of 1,000 female infants beginning life together would
have during the course of thelr lives if the cohort were sub-
ject to both the birth and death rates at each age level which
prevailed at the time specified. Both gross and net reproduc-
tion rates are based on the assumption that the cohort will
not be augmented or diminished by migration to or from outside
the area.

For replacement in the next generation, each cohort of
1,000 female infants should, during their lifetime, give birth
to 1,000 daughters. If mora than 1,000 daughters were born,
the next generation would be larger, and if fewer than 1,000
daughters were born, the next generation would be smaller.
Since the gross reproduction rate implies that all of the co~
hort of 1,000 female infants survive to the end of the child-
bearing period, this rate measures the maximum reproduction
possible from the given birth rates at each age level. ‘The net
reproduction rate, on the other hand, measures the expected re~
production, with an allowance for the fact that not all women
live to the end of the child-bearing period. A comparison of
the gross reproduction rate with the net reproduction rate
will indicate the expected loss in reproduction as a result of
deaths among the cohort before the end of the child-bearing
period.

‘The gross and the net reproduction rates may be interpreted
as measures of the extent to which the wonen in a population
would replace themselves in thé long run, and by implication,
the reproduction rates also measure the potential growth or
decline in the total population. That is, the reproduction
rates measure the extent to which the potential stable popula~
tion, not the existing population, will be replacing itself in
the course of a generation, A stable population 1s one which
maintains a constant percentage distribution of persons with
respect to age over a period of time, although the total number
of persons may increase or decrease at a uniform rate through
all age levels with the passage of tims. It may require 60 to
100 years, or longer, for a particular population to attain a
stable age distribution as a consequence of the long continu~
ance of the given birth and death rates in the absence of omi-
gration or immigration.

The reproduction rates do not necessarily measure the ex-
tent of current population replacement per generation, as this
type of replacement depends on many factors, such as the pro~
portion of women currently in the most fertile ages, the pro-
portion of old people in the current population, etc. On the
basis of the birth and death rates during the period 1935 to
1940 and of the changing age structure which such rates would
produce, the population of the United States would continue to
grow for some years to come, despite the net reproduction rate
of less than 1,000 (978). If the 1935 to 1¢40 birth and death
rates were to continue, however, each age group would eventually
contain successively smaller numbers of women as generation suc-
ceeded generation, and the time would come when the population
would have relatively-fewer women in the reproductive ages than
during the period 1945 to 1940, and relatively more who had
passed the reproductive ages, so that the number of deaths
would eventually exceed the number of births, even though the
birth and death rates at each age level should not. change.


FERTILITY AND REPRODUCTION RATES 19

‘Table 6.—- NUMBER OF CHILDREN UNDER 5 YEARS OLD PER 1,000 MAN
,000 WOMEN 15 TO 49 YBARS OLD, BY AGE AND
pustinticn bse o QGRITAL STAR'S GF woulN, FOR ‘THE UNITED STATES, EY REGIONS, URBAN, AND RURAL: 940 aD 1910~ con.
‘and Sample + Rates por 1, 1B base: :
Anton por 1,000 women bated on fink of given class, For explanation of asteriska,

STANDARDIZED FOR

2 toxt statement on

CHELDARY PER 1,000 WOMEN, WADTIOTED ‘GETLOARN PER 2,000 WOU, ADJISTED
AREA AND SUBIROT Total ‘Age of wonan--yeare -
women |} 15 to] 20 to | 25 to | 30 to | 35 t retar
i0 38 30 2 t | 95 tal 40 to 45.00 | roms as to | 20 20 | 5 to] 0 t0 Tanto] « to] ato
‘THE Wost--TOPAL * | bis ian bid
M1 Classes, 1940
‘Unatandardized, totel wonen.... 62 aso £1 % *
sietetland, tte somes selaz| cel ale) al | ales) e!] a} a] el al
Other ever married... s ] eo | tag) eee | eek | to) | ae eee |e | ogee | aes) et >
Standardized, total womens * nal +s = | saa | 47} sas [ mue} |=
: 4 364 iste 401, | 248 4 32 eel 1588 41g" 548 430° 236 | "122 +34
‘waite, 1940
Goatanderdized, total wonon.-...6[ 275 ff te » * *
wsancetset ten wronssve| a Poa { ay | wo | as} ae| ce) om | as dog | ae) ae) at | ae) ae |
Other over mirrisd...... 228 | mse | me | see | ur | may | | are [vse te |e Se | tee | -
Standardized, tots ns * aes - ~ | 7 8 | te6 = 2
zed, torah woner 259 54 361 505, 997 | 24a LI tal a7 98 407 Sal 425, pal} 220 “33
Nonwbite, 1940
Uastandardized, total wonen... onl - - c . - . - fo sgn
Marrieg onca, husband presont...|_ *696 = : £ tyot Z Z| ate Z : z : : -
Other over narricd..sssssseessee - : = 2 2 a” : i t a : : 2 : >
Standardized, total wonen.. ¥388 = | tai) 683 zs} : a) Z| 808 | ee I : : :
‘ALL Qleaves, 1910 .
oz 4a7 car | sor | 450 | 268 | 04 40a | ts5 | 450] see] ceo | aoa] sem} 29
685 436 ‘826 903 759 | S8e #339 - 670 | #460 er 953, sol sie | “958 -
sa (7 | sss | sss | tant | eae e | 2 | se foe | | ses | tes | vs] | |
72 sl 410 636 77 | 446, 258 "88 382 +54 432 coe 609 470 | "272 a8
Waite, 1610
Unotendexdized, total wouon... 300 aa | car | 58a | asa | voce | tee | 399 wis | 20} azo | gar] tern | 85
Married once, Busband presont...| 699 aes | 906 | 762 | see | vaor | = | 87 amo | sz | soo | eu} re | =
er ever marriod... a6 7590, 850 489) 7905, = ~ 338 "620 57a | tl *320 - -
Standardized, totel wooa 310 ma | sar | 579 | 4a | *255 | 00 | 89 ase | 669 | 605 | 465) ceo | te
Nonwhite, 1910 : .

Uhetandardized, total womens...) 2426 - - - -| - -| = | sof - - -| - ~}o-}o-
*629 - - - - - - - “740 - ~ 7 - - - -
vse = | rsa | +578 To ee es Ty olyot

oe “45 296 448 342 | 195 "7 - 282 47 953 420 389 205, “Bl -
va | EL BR | Se [vase | noe |= [ase [vaso | oe | sen | age | ee | ee
aa = 473 “374 244 - - - 183 - 496 392 | 7256 - - :
etter gree marist] RE [sw | ae | “as | as | ase | too | omer pe |e |e gsr | sop] oe] =
waite, 1940
Usetantartized, total woman... wo |u| aor) ae} os} aso| orf - | mm pos | ss] eel Me | Be) ae |
gtententised, tote mesos { are | a0 | tan | saa | ase [vase | ioe | | Sas | ee | ga) ae [met omee
Other Over Rarriedessseyeeersere| 17S = | sar | are | tes | = - : 3 | . " -{ = :
meee our Memmlet rower) Bs Pons | ae | a5, | oe | ae | tee] Bp we) aso | ter | 26] te | =
‘ALL Glasaes, 1910
Unstantardized, total vomon....+ woe | 56 |° ang | 490 | dae | os | 7277 - or | tar | soe | ssa} aso ) oa?) 2280 :
Married ones, husbend present... | 509 | "890 | 876 753 | 622 | “as. | *298 . sis fas | see | tor | gaa | tate | “242 -
Marios oats, mabent pescants-.} gop ("088 | 206 | star [sane (| | | St fea | “Sr | “as | tee | oe fs]
Standardized, total waren... a oe eee
waite, 190 : wo | 0
‘Unstandardized, total women. cy #36 299 493 445 | 334 “1768 - a8 mets 808 502 454 “ 2 z
Married once, husband present... 510 "598 828 ie it "454, +298 - a 398 a we as fod rene Z
Other aver married., Sj dee PEE | ole | vo | vat oS] as | | me pce | | ae] ae | oe na]
sreninndizod, total wonensyscsese| 290 f “4S | tae | Sz2 | 464
{IMB WEDT~-RORAL-NONFARKL
AM Classes, 1940
: * * ” 4 698 Bee sg2e | "156 “5
Unetandaxdized, total won sea Voter | oj see} ano [tse | tue) vs | gee ae | Se | aes bs io
Married once, husband 7 ges te10 | avs | soe | 579 | "860 - - 6 oe | Be) a a" an
Other ever married. Esty = | tras | taez | 7890 | | auss L Bed vga | a7s | 610) 47? | sacs | “St -
Standardized, total women... . 820 62 448 578 452 | *257 148 -
White, 1940 4
_ * * 648 689 oe 185 -
Unatandardized, total wonen. 362 *98 813 54 aso | #901, 47 - = ms | $8 | bss | ees i Z
od Be ae [amt | Sh] Be] mere] Ot] s | SE PS | ote | | oa wc} ot
809 = | tse | "853 | 8800 | oes | eae : gee | tes | 470 | GOL] APE 180 :
Standardized, total womens..re+++ 31? “OR 488 570 as
M11 Classes, 2910 soa) 900 | S00
" * * seg | sx | saz | ae | 3574] 88
Unstandardized, total waaen...+ 436 ves | .s10 | sue | ran {tess | tee | *08 S13 joa | e965 | 3,040 | 677 | 7658 - -
Married once, husband present. Se | vane | 520 | 2,008 | 48 | *62 soot | ES | eee | or | se | et one |
Othex ever married. UI ao. > | eres | eee | 572 | sao Z 484 | asp | aaa | mas | S08 | sea) Tete .
Standardized, total woner 4 +80. 475, aL 663
White, 1910 45 565 | 7825 7
, * * ~ | sop f ras | cee jase] me |.
uastanderdizes, total womens....e-| an tee | ges | ole | me ) cess sis] = | ME Wy oige | sen | ayoas] ors | 879) TT
Maanied oece, husband preaent...| 745 | 7478 [| 985 | 1008 2 i 2 t ae S| ate | See | e578 | =| cao :
Other ever married... 401 =} reo | ers | 9289 | at | vag |= Loe ton) wee) et 528
siotheratved, total wanenecssgucee) 400 4h #85 1 ame F720 2 >


UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
JESSE H. JONES, Secretary

BUREAU OF THE CENSUS

I. C, CAPT, Director (Appointed May 22, 1941)
WILLIAM LANE AUSTIN, Director (Retired January 31, 1941)
PHILIP M, HAUSER, Assistant Director

TR

cy,

aes

SIXTEENTH CENSUS OF THE UNITED STATES : 1940

POPULATION

DIFFERENTIAL FERTILITY
1940 AND 1910

Standardized Fertility Rates and
Reproduction Rates

A Supplement to the Report Designated ‘'Fertility for
States and Large Cities’’

Prepared under the supervision of
Dr. LEON E. TRUESDELL
Chief, Population Division

UNITED STATES
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
WASHINGTON : 1944

For gale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. 8. Government Printing Office, Washington 28, D.C.


6 DIFFERENTIAL FERTILITY, 1940 AND 1910

5.0 percent (twice the coefficient of variation) of 900, or by
less than 45.

In tables 1 to 6 and 10 to 1%, an asterisk (*) is attached
to those rates based on Sample C which have coefficients of
variation of 2.5 to 4.9 percent, In ali of these tables, ex-
cept table 8, rates are shom only 1f the coefficient is less
‘than 5.0 percent. In table 8, rates with coefficients of 5.0
percent or more are shown with a double asterisk (#*); they
have been retained in this table so that the patterns of the
birth rates might’ be preserved. Coefficients of variation have
not been computed for the rates presented in table 9.

It a rate based ‘on Sample C is shown with an asterisk, a
double asterisk, or is not shown at all, the corresponding rate

based on Sample W also is shown with an asterisk, a double az
terisk, or is not shown at all. This procedure was followed in
order to save labor, The coefficient of variation of a rate
based on Sample C is ordinarily slightly higher than the coef~
ficient of the corresponding rate based on Sample W, because
the sampling proportions were smaller for Sample C. Hence, if
a rate based on Sample C has a low coefficient of variation,
the corresponding rate based on Sample W will generally have @
ow coefficient also. To demonstrate the similarity in magni~
tude of the corresponding coefficients of variation for rates
based on the two samples, the values of the coefficients of
variation for selected rates are presented in table IV.

Table IV.—COEFFICIENT OF VARIATION FOR SELECTED FERTILITY RATES, BY COLOR, FOR REGIONS: 1940 AND 1910

(GCoetticsent of vartation represents standard error of a rate at percentage of the
. ‘Sastps

frgsitied rates Statiatine for 1840 based on sample Gt statistics for 1920 baskd en
2H)

mo wm m0 cm
asian om ae or st sap 0 eo
wate riite | onmnite Jabba {| matte vnsve | onwhtte
tet Eroaro pe
‘UNADJUSTED?
O03 Ls id 8 hs ‘The North Central States. 064 0.4 Rl Oe OR 2.0
cium am srt on
me ee 2 TA
Eas Blass
pewrmemenmaees-} oe] at) aa) ag} gs] a3 sje a) yey 8

LPor the perieds 1835 to 1940 ahd 1605 to 1Si0,

if! my

aac


FERTILITY AND REPRODUCTION RATES 5

natural increase in the eventual stable population that would
result if the birth and death rates of the specified period
should continue unchanged at each age level and if no emigra~
tion or immigration should occur.*

Intrinsic birth rate.—The intrinsic birth rate may be
defined as the annual number of female births per 1,000 of the
total female population in the eventual stable population that
Would result if the birth and death rates of the specified
period should continue unchanged at each age level, and if no
emigration or immigration should occur.*

‘The intrinsic birth rate may be regarded as a refinement
of the crude birth rate for the potential stable population.
‘the crude birth rate ‘represents the number of births of both
sexes during the year per 1,000 ofthe total population. Since
slightly more male births than female births occur, and since
the wale population contains a smaller proportion of old people
than the female population, 1t follows that the intrinsic birth
rate, being based on females, is slightly smaller than the
crude birth rate.

Intrinsic death rate.—The intrinsic death rate may be de-
fined as the annual number of female deaths per 1,000 of the
total female population in the eventual stable population that
Would result if the birth and death rates of the specified
period should continue unchanged at éach age level, and if no
emigration or immigration should occur.*

‘The intrinsic death rate may be regarded as a refinement
of the crude death rate for the potential stable population.
The crude death rate represents the number of deaths of both
sexes during the year per 1,000 of the total population, Since
the mortality of males 4s slightly higher than that of females
at each age level, it follows that the intrinsic death rate,
being based on females, is slightly smaller than the crude
death rate.

Urban and rural areas.—vrban population, as defined by the
Bureau of the Census in 1940, 1s in general the population re-
siding in cities and other {incorporated places having 2,500
inhabitants or more. ‘The remainder of the population is clas~
sified as rural, and is subdivided into the rural-farm pop-
ulation, which comprises all rural residents living on farms,
and the rural-nonfarm population, which comprises thie remain-
ing rural population. (For further details for each State, see
Volume I of the 1940 Population reports. )

In the reports of the 1910 Census not only incorporated
Places of 2,500 or more but also all New England towns (tom-
ships) of this size were classified as urban, but in the com-
Pilation of the 1910 fertility data shown nere, the 1940 rules
of classification as urban or rural were followed.

Wetropolitan districts.—A metropolitan district has been
set up for use in the 1940 Census of Population in comection
with each city of 50,000 or mora, two or more such cities some~
times being in one district. The general plan ts to include,
in addition to the central city or cities, all adjacent and
contiguous minor civil divisions or incorporated places having
@ population of 150 or more per square mile. A metropolitan
district 1s thus nota political unit but rather an area in-
cluding all the thickly settled territory in and around a city
or group of cities. It tends to be a more or less integrated
area with common economic, social, and often, administrative
interests.

-—TThe age classification is based on the age of the
person at his last birthday before the date of the census, that
is, the age of the person in completed years. In the 1940 tab-
ulations, when the age of a person was not reported, it was
estimated on the basis of other information on the Population
achedule, such as marital status, school attendance, employment
atatus, age of other members of the family, etc. The 1910 date
in this report do not include the small number of persons whose
age was not reported. No data on fertility were tabulated
from either census for women under 15 years old or over 74
years old.

Golor.—The color classification used in this report is
Limited to white and nonwhite. The nonwhite population includes

on the agocepeeific birth raten pooented in table 8 ent
ated "in Appentix C. Tor the mathed of computation, set
ey As Jey On the true Rate of Natural Toorease,¥ Jotrmal

ff She peoan Suatiaticny'ysbeaission, Vol. XX, 1925, pp. 805-8!

Negroes and other nonwhite races such as Indians, Chinese, and
Japanese. Persons of Mexican birth or ancestry who were not
definitely Indian or of other nonwhite races were returned as
white in 1940 and in 1910, The great majority of the nonwhite
Population consists of Negroes, except in the Pacific States,
Where there are many Chinese and Japanese, and in Oklahoma and
certain Mountain States, where many of the nonwhite population
are Indians.

Because of the small number of wonen, particularly of non-
white women, in some areas, statistics for whites and nonwhites
in tables 10 to 13 are shown only for selected States, urban
and rural, and for selected cities and metropolitan districts.
Data are shown for areas in which there were, in 1940, at least
25,000 women 15 to 49 years old of the specific color. Ir 1940
(or 1935 to 1940) statistics are shown for a given color group
of women in an area, 1910 (or 1905 to 1910) statistics are also
shom for that color group, except in Michigan for which 1910
nonwhite statistics are not available. (See also the section
on "Coefficients of Variation.")

Marital status.—The statistics on the marital status of
‘wonen shown in this report refer to the marital status at the
time the census wes taken. Women classified as “ever married"
include those who were widowed or divorced, as well as those
who were married, at the time of the census.

In table 6, statistics are shown for women classified as
“married once, husband present" and as “other ever married."
‘The former category includes only ‘those married women living
with their husbands at the time of the census and reporting
‘that they had been married only once; the latter category in-
cludes the remainder of all women ever married, Statistics
for women in the category “other ever married" were’not pre~
sented in the report on "Differential Fertility, 140 and 1910—~
Fertility for States end Large Cities," because data for these
‘women were not tabulated separately. The number of “other ever
married" women was derived by deducting the number of single
Woren and the number of women. married once, husband present,
from the total number of women; and the number of their chil-
dren under 5 years old was obtained by deducting from the total
number of children under & years old those children belonging
to women married once, husband present. The ratios of chil-
dren to "other ever married” women thus include the few chil-
dren reported as belonging to single women, and are therefore
slightly too high, particularly for nonwhite women in the South,

Wature of the sample data.—The fertility statistics shown
in this report are based on tabulations of samples of women 15
years old and over enumerated in the 1940 and 1910 censuses,
identified as Sample ¢ and Sample W, respectively. Sample C
was designed so that in certain portions of the areas shown, a
2 1/2-percent sample was used (multiplied by a uniform factor
of 40) and elsewhere a S~percent sample was used (multiplied
by a uniform factor of 20). Sample W was designed so that in
‘the North and the South an 6-percent sample was used (multiplied
by a uniform factor of 12.5) and in the West a somewhat larger
sample.

A discussion of the differences observed between the re-
sults of the various sample tabulations and the complete counts
ie given in the report entitled "Differential Fertility, 1940
and 1910—Fertility for States and Large Cities." It may be
stated here, however, that although exact agreement would not
be expected between these tabulations and the corresponding
tabulations that might have been made of” complete counts, the
sample data nevertheless indicate the relationship among the
various characteristics involved.

Coefficients of variation,—Aan indication of the possible
percent difference between a published rate based on sample
data and the corresponding rate that would have been obtained
from a complete count is given by the cosffictent of variation.
‘The percent difference between a published rate and the rate
for a complete count would be less than the coefficient of
variation in about 68 percent of all cases, less than twice
the cosfficient of variation in about 95 percent of all cases,
and less than three times the coefficient of variation in about
99.7 percent of all cases. For instance, in 95 out of 100
cases, a published rate of 900 having a coefficient of varta~
tion of less than 2.5 percent would differ from the rate that
would have been obtained froma complete count by less than

i
;



38 DIFFERENTIAL FERTILITY, 1940 AND 1910

Table O-3.—LIFE-TABLE STATIONARY POPULATION (Sl) FOR WHITE AND NONWHITE FEMALES UNDER 65 YEARS OLD, BY AGB, FOR DIVISIONS,
URBAN AND RURAL: 1930 TO 1939 AND 1909 TO 1911—Continued

va ratte of eh te tate 4810500; tat tn, the figure ey be Snerpeted an te raber of year Lived in the stated age interval by the surivors of
CO oe conan sere tumbles were tot Senputed Zar azeas suaiier Shan Teglong, urban ard Ture}

1930 70 1939 908 TO 191.
DEMSTON, COL, AND Ac 3280 70 1089 1909 70 1612 DIVIsTON, SOLGR, AND AGE

Tote |] urbon | Aura | totat | urtan | fret Total || Urban | Rurad | Tote |} Urban | Rural

BAST NORTH CENTRAL—Con, - must SOUTH GRNTRAL—don.
White—con,

sie 4,09
iow ‘eos
Sis Siar
Bisa iin
28 to 38,220
sot »,
Bie aon
Unter 8 yatttvcesssseseen] 47244 70] a7,roa| s22s||45,2c7| 16,9 | @ fo ae Bie
SHUEY pai) “Ste ere) “Geeva) “Seeie | Set) “Siete | wae
Poon eC) Steaa | 3'S00] 37505] stanrl) tua] ste 2 to se ate
peoersc cc] ated sfsee] ststa| irs] a'aea| elas
SPS CII Stace] s'uis| Siero] saon|| esr soors cnimaa,
REE Stars| som olew| siiee om
58 mere, arasr) aaceis} ais | 45.008
38 ak faface| acess | tase | en |] Omer 5 zoe 32
Boa ea | asin | aon | Aven 2s
beh ‘eiiso| date | o's | ales 85695
26s Siem aves] om | ase sat
$0 ta Ht yearns 44,000] 0,084] ass] 2a Be
S26 Beacon) Mosse isn] 4e3er| Stel eae] ajo lone
Sahn: sas] alea| {ar| bse wed] an] S 40,38
ee 1s to 88,425
Bos ;
Bis pe
Bt telow
te sos
Be tore
oo aint
eo 2b
Ee Bae

St een 4610 48,117|] 48,216) 46,414] 30,008]] 33,312 | «2,012
10 to 14 yeare..csscccccceesee| 48,216 || 45,609. 9,462|/ 9,355| 9,502| 8,ei2|| 8,146 | 8,927
1s to 45,455, 9,248 |) 9,080) 9,301] 8,086] 8,847) 8,285
20 to waa. 9,172|} 3,001 9,288] 7,786|} 8,819 | 8,059,
25 to 44,259 9,184 || 8,954] 9,200) 7,am.|| 8,065 | 7,028
Be in = 8108] sje17) 9,175] 7insl] 5,4] 718
Ft 42,542] 48,270 |) 44,286] 45,642 36,474) 20,159 | 50,098
Re Ass 44,005 | 43,787| 45,301 | 35,335 || 28, 37,087
ge sve S:T5s | datson| “ebve| Ss'seo |) 2a!eas | Salano

under 30,802|| 37,780] 40,807] 24,352]| 18,168 | 28,720
37)685|| 25,614] 38,870| 21,800|| 15,476 | 28,047
38,015] 36,808! 18,a7e (| t1,an0 | 21,625
32659} 29,885) 34,604] 16,401] 9,123 | 10,418
29,885 || 28,008] sijesi| 15,955] 4,907 | 7,011,
St
10 to
be 45,186
2% 2,408
25 to 29 yoarsescecssousesseny Kk 1355 | 35,080 Lp 8,092
ot ziais|| alte] sas arB cesses 8,068
35 to 25,832|| 16,205} 22)280 Chen Fis
pred 25,088 48,577 | 25,080 freee “
608] 23,187] 28,8461 5 to 9
$5 to FOMTOsseseseeeessren] 45,888] 48,270] 45,858] 42,800] 42,217 | 43,210
3yeee| 20,80) ,182 20 to gear 45,488 | 45,028] 44/909 | 42,002] 41,262 | 421445
0 to 4 ign
28 to 20
Under 45,091) 50 to 54
94401] 36 to 39
9072 |} 40 vo a4
8,818] 4s to 49
8,885! So'to 54
788
Sto
10 te
15 to
2 to
25 to 37,987
to
2 te yeaa
oe 152,084
29,876) 5 to 8 year
50 to 27;889| wey House
15 to 19 ‘3064
Bex Sea
Under 42,562\| 37,373] 45,321, 4,722
9,142]! 9,841) “ayzu5|
8;st2|) 7es8) alatel| So to Se oa
#,861/] 7,208| 8,556]! 40 t0 44
8,285 (| 70.5] 8,452 || 45 to 49 Hot
iim} 51070) arte) $5 to Se ine



26

DIFFERENTIAL FERTILITY, 1940 AND 1910

Table 11,—-GROSS AND NET REPRODUCTION RATES FOR WHITE AND NONWHITE WOMEN, BY STATES, URBAN AND RURAL: 1935 TO 1940 AND
1905 TO 1910--Con.

fptatistice vaned on campta © (2999 to 2940) and Sampo H (2908 to 2820)

‘aro sown separates)

Retes derived fron data on totel wonen,
‘peutively. For explanation of asterisks, seo text statenent on "Ooeffictent of Variation.”

‘Seo text glao for basis of se

and on children under 5 years old in 1940 and 1910, xt
jetion of areas for which white or noawhite

(OR0gs REEODUGTION RATE

wr REPRODUCTION RATE

(GROSS REPRODUCTION RATE

NRE REFRODUCITON RATS

Unedjusted | Adjusted Und justed ‘Adjusted Unadjusted | Adjusted Unadsusted | adjusted
AREA AND COLOR
yas] isos | 1905 [ 2905 { 395 | 100 | 1905 | 2905 OF WOMAN 3935] 1905 [1995 | 1903 [ 19a | 1908 | 105 | 90s
to} to | to | to | to | to | to to to | to | to | to | to } to | to 0
xa4o| asic | rego | 910 | 3940 | 1910 | 1040 | 1910 1940] 1910 | 1940 | a10 | 2940 | 10 | rs40 | s910
va} *900|  %e18} *2,100] *478| to10) tots | 4722 a,sea | 3,079} 1,882) ens) 2,940) 982] 2,508
vou {2,161 | 04s] "1,290] *767| 926] 72] 982
voaq | 2,066 (¥2,000| "1,299 #909 {*1,914| 006 | #2,456
ses} 1,009] \1,072| 2,200) oan| 2,405] 360) 2,669
-aa5| 1,531] *1,110| *2,156) *670| ¥e48| 290 | "2, Jo2,272 | *2,024 | #2,452] 2,526 | *2,155 | *2,681] #2,029 | 2,943
neaa] 2,477] #773 | *1,520| “eon | 076] *e09
Rural-nonfarms 1,42} 1,928} 1,590) 2,217] 2,247] 2,499/ 2,968] (2,652
“anite. «|aarel j2ssa0] 2,998) 2,140] 2,064 2,474 : : - - : - - -
Nonwhite ‘]sxfosa] *1}620] 1,58] r2,292] a7] *1,085,
Rurai-fern: “vers [*2,159 | *a70] *a,202] ma] t74o| e752) 780
lsa,s17| *2,416] *1,916 | 9,015] *2,269| 1,080 - > - - - : - -
1,475 {1,998 | 1,866] 2,210) 2,925] 1,494[ 1,407] 2,626
Rurai-farmt
aj4s| 2,274] 1,302] 2,499] 2,024] 2,618] 1,266) 2,215 Waltorssereeveve] 2,007| 2,098] 2,078| 2,004] 2,644] 1,761) 2,060] 2,258
Yiear| rjaoa| ris93] 2,764) '957| 2,266] 1,a4a,| 1,689
LOUTSTANA
vorg| *2,366| *021] 21,476| 688] te07| 728 | t950] tote:
s60| 4a02| *929 [1,517] *488/ t42s} t709 | F686 Whit 1,389] 2,169] 1,205] 2,991] 1,022] 1,419 2,589
Fonwnitessscssss| 122 | 1)728 | 1,820) 2,24} “995 | ‘925 Less
lss,080 | *2,986| *2,204 | 2,105] *se0| *2,590| *2,090 | *2,607 | Urnan:
~ : ~ : - . - - Whit ee eoe verse |¥1,489 | “vaa| *2,521| tese| t790} t6a2| $608
Nomwhite... yer |*1i302 | *eea] *1;391] "624 408) *704) "525
x,s22| 2,69¢| 2,990] 9,174] 1,460] 2,074] 2,797 | 2,446 | Rurat-nontam:
ley '510 | *2\001| "2,749 | ¥3,960 | 1,545 | “2,699 | *2,218 | 2,558 White 1y,092 | #2,49 | 2,981] *2,609 | *2,249 | "2,722] 2,207 | "1,798
omwni te. - - - - > - - -
‘otel: ra, | #2,912 |#2,097| 23,088 | 92,527 | ¢2,985) 11,894 | 12,204
Wiiteseesseeeees| 1897] 2,962[ 2,452] 2,228] 1,269 [' 2,489) 2,288 1]796 | "21446 |*2,404| "3,948 | 2,492] *2,61| *1,996 | *2,806
Urben:
Whitesserseseeee [*2,068 | *1,179| #2,072 | *2,20¢] toon] 4278 | 940
Sura) -nonters: 1,355] 1,429 | 1,276] 1,589 | 1,049] 2,082) 2,260] 2,290
Whitesserseesees[¢1,883 | *2,952| *2,492 | *2,096 | 2,267 | *2,807 | *2,286
ural—farm: . asi | *1,286 | *2,008] "1,205 [ *e46| 902] tone | "977
hiterssovessene (*2,678 | *2,498| *2,098 | 2,602 | "2,498 | *2,926 | *2,680
suINIS w1,sa7 | *2,984| *2,609 | "2,187 | *2,260| ¥1,267 | *2,972
1,498 | 1,799] ¢1,82e | *21,272 | "2,212 *2,629 | *2,478
aie] 1,4} 900] 1,82) 797} aren) es
wna | 4tas| +957 | 904] 995) H480] +7
roa} 1,256] 768| 1,918] 638] 976] 69a} 1,020 see} 1,381] 992] nar} 1,027] 990] 2,207
- - : - - . - - ‘e956 | #2,047 [2,998 rea) “een | 72,068 | #2265
fural-nonter:
Wil tessees 1,080} 1,622] 1,220] 1,761] 982] 2,996] 2,109) 1,480 aes] 908 sto} siz) 708) 878
Rurel—farm: - - - - - ~
Wattorsses-eeees] 2,888] 2,20] 2,52¢] 2,058] 1,198] 1,480] 1,380] 1,677
1,520 [1,170 oe | 1,255] *2,059 | 72,298
‘1,670 | *1;557) *2,004 #2245 | *2,280] *2,404] *2,587
se5| 1,995] 1,092] 1,822] 994] 2,217] 992] 1,209 :
eus| aes eo2| iret} r0| ara{ sro | “see coo} 1,262 | e62| 2,997] 728|  981| 798} 1,085
- . - - - - =| Urban:
White,scerveesea] 794] 3,297] 868] 2,828] 720] 988] 702] 1,007
Mex,220 | #2,05 | #2,275 | ¢2,705 | #3028] *2,285] #2260 | *2,407 | murat-nontars:
Wiiteccceseseeeel #007 | "2,907 |*2,082| 2,902] 049] *2,062) 945) *2,229
seca [*2,278 | #1680 | #2820 [41,089 | 43,250 | * * ny
1272 | P1680 | 42,520 | 1,008 }*2,152 | #2,908 | “2,976 | “2,548 acourons
‘otal: ‘
ms rye | sala) ge] oe 4386] 2,014
: Es “} BY 2] By :
a,io8| 1,529[ 2,150 | 1,686] 3,009| 1,289/ 3,047 | 1,390
00) 1,280) 922) 2,56) 799 996) 8868] 2,042
sess] 7a | 2007] 89] 2,269] eco} oma] enn] one =|) =| OD =f Gy “|
ural -nonferat Rurel-nonfarm:
Wik toreseseseeee| 1,242] 2,403] 2,270 2,889] 3,009] 2,275] 1,065 | 1,252 Wiltevecrcseeeee] 1,924) 2,600] 2,629) 2,692] 1,206) 2,982) 1,299] 1,529
Ruralferm Rurai-tam:
Wal te aol a,se2| a247) 2.299] 2,048) 2,909} 2,872 Witter sssvesesee] ¥2,840 | *2,962 | *2,767] "2,998 | #2,396| *2,428] "2,599 1

4 statiet/es For nonwhite women not available seperately for 1905 to 1910.



: FERTILITY AND REPRODUCTION RATES 25

Table 10.— NUMBER OF CHILDREN EVER BORN PER 1,000 WHITE AND NONWHITE WOMEN 15 TO 49 YEARS OLD, STANDARDIZED FOR AGE OF WOMAN, FOR
STATES, URBAN AND RURALZ 1940 AND 1910--¢

on.
[Statistics vesed on Sample ¢ (2940) and Saxple W (1910). Rat
explanation of asterioks, aes text staten

per 1,000 wonen based on total wonen of given class, except ever married not reporting on children. Yor
ton "Coefficient of Variation.” See text also for bacia of selection of areas for which white or nonwhite are ston

Separately]
ATLDRBN FER 1,000 WouRN, 1840 CHTLDREN PER 1,000 moss, 1910
STATE avo coLon Vastandardized ‘Stendendized for ogo ‘astandardizea Standardized for see
OF Nouat
: erat | Raves oon | BAH | Reel! — gory, Tural= | Revel- Rural] furaie
‘Total Urben | ontam | farm ‘Total | Urban | nonfarm} farm ‘Tote | Urban | ontarn | farm ‘Total Urban | jontara | faz
Texan:

s7| _2,a24 |” 2,060

1,905] 1,686 | 1,975 io
jas | *2,429 |*2,979

1,801] 2,678 | 2,080 | 2,428
Ljass |. *2,797 [42,199

l 2,962 9,429
iyeael *iyee7 | 2,498 | 2,407 | 1h

2,604
2,078] *2,909 | 5,688

2,589 "2,091 =| 90 | 2,624) 2,296 - | 2,909} 1,008] 42,008 - | 2,722) 2,287{ 3,170 -

Yermont:
Widtes tee

asus |) *1,200] taser] + ~ | 1,821 | 2,280] 2,501 - | iro s1514] 2,779 - | asen | sisae] 1,760 -

2,478 2,05 | 2,244] "ise! 2,20 | eas | 2,065 2,708

2,070] 2,600 | 1,807 | 1,557 | 2,092
1,623 | *2,162] 2,715 |*2,270 | 1,776] *2,2109

2,693

2,448
Nonwa it vejsse | 2,389 || “1,668! *2,479 /*2,960 | 2,791 | 1,808] t2,906 |*5,474
Washington

White, ... 4] 4272 | 2,07] 3,996 | 2,754] 3,20] 2,025) 2,970 | 2,744 | 1,705} 2,288) 2,005 | 2,419 | 1,00} 1,409) 2,299 | 2,482

‘Wont Virginia:
White. .

1,760 | *2,212| 1,998 |*2,120] 1,962] 1,259] 2,284 | 2,426 | 2,270 *Y,628| 2,287 |*2,593 | 2,517] 2,721] 2,602 | 2,862
a - : = | Aro. -| - ~ - - ~ | 2,497 = - ~

| 2920 f 1,268} 2,486 | 1,887} 2,554] 2,225] 2,42 | 2,930 | 1,995 f 2,659) 2,808 | 2,002 | 2,201/ 1,788) 2,087 | 2,568

Lertseeeeeed] Lond | 41,279 - | r,ss9]] *2,2¢6| - ~ | 2,067 |) *2,608 - = | 2,280) 2,520 - -

‘Table 11.—GROSS AND NET REPRODUCTION RATES FOR WHITE AND NONWHITE YOMEN, BY STATES, URBAN AND RURAL:
AND 1905 TO 1910 -
Btatistics based on Sample ¢ (1995 to 1940) and Samplo W (1905 to 1910), Rates der{vod from data on totel women, and on children under 6 years old in 1940 end 1910, re~

apectivoly. For oxplanstion of asterieks, aco text statenont on "Coefficient of Variation.” Soe toxt slso for beois of eelection of arene for which white or noahite
are shown separately]

1936 TO 1940

‘GROSS REPRODUOTION RATE RST REPRODUCTION RANE ‘GROSS REPRODOTION RATE NET REPROWOTION RATE
‘Anza anp coLor | __Unadlustea ‘Adjusted ‘ned justoa ‘Adjustot ‘Anza AND oOLOR ‘nad fusted ‘Adjusted ‘Unadjusted ‘Adjusted
OF woua seas] 1905] 1985] 1s05| 2986] 1905] 1986] 3905 OF OMAR ass] 3505] 1935] as08[ 386] 1805] a908[ 1905
to | to] to| to] to| tol to] to to| to | to | tof to| tol toj to
1940] 1910] 1940] asio|- 1840} 1910) 1940) 1910 asio| asio] 1940} isto] 39%] 810] 940] 1920

a,a77| 2,277| 1,428| 2,644] 1,298] 1,698) 1,272| 1,967
‘957

9s| 1,009} een} 1,214) 723 eae} eos] 980
2,283] 1,798) 1,883] 2,99] ayoss| 2,829] 2,482 - - -

sre) ava] 745} a5] sis | a2 gaa] 740

*1s15| tezs| s1,584| +702] #980) #727) *2,025
97a] ¥901) *1,218| © *540| *462] © #720| 575

Rural-nonfarn:
2,206 | *21,986) 2,928] *2,172/ *2,629] *2,249] *2,767 Wa tos vee

sees. 2,135] 1,872] 2,288] 2,494] 2,020] 1,268] 1,077) 2,266

1,207 | *1,447 | #2424 | *2,294] 2,209 | 2,219] *2,095] 1,480
2,600] 1,988] 9,214] 2,507| 2,025] 2,275) 2,449
‘2,189 | 2,585] *3,144| *1,590] *2,404) "2,297 | *2,016

a,asa} 2,964) 2,217] 1,499] 988] 1,099) 1,062) 1,149

Toter:

Wittens. sers| to04] te0s | *2,040] *77| 799) 776] 1795

1,969/ 1,688) 1,496] 1,659/ 2,106] 1,290] 1,252] 1,419

Urban:

Whttersecseeeees| 198% "1,376 | *3,702 | "2,476 | *2,020| *2,200 | *2,995] *2,273] *2,454

*1,873| *2,098) *1,405] *838 | *1,024) | *964 | *1,048

Rural-noafern:

* * * * . + aye52| 1,896
WHAte-seeseereee) ML,426 | 1,860} *1,591] *2,008 | *2,280 | "1,405 | 1,874 | *1,587 "2,628) *2,081 } *1,922 | *2,288) *1,299) *1,854) 2,652) *1,80

vecesses| 760] 2,982] 030) 2,468] 690} 1,098) 752) 3,225

1,208} 2,498) 1,450} 2,705] 2,249| 1,690| 1,204] 1,629
oan

ajzas | "1708 | #1604] 2,900 ‘ons | *2,s81 | #2240, gar} aon 72] 2,408] esa! rom! m| 2,090

cesses 7a] *2,4.0| *705] *1,827] Y640| #751 | 608 | tors

Nonwnite, sero] 1,426] "915 )*2,405| 742 | *2,258)  rez9| *2,204

1,152 | 2,220 | *2,268| *2,350 | *2,095 | *2,829 | "1,287 | *2,617
893

1,574] 906 |*2,567| *ve7 |] *2,025| t057] "1,268

1,675} 2,879 1,916] 8,985] 1,494 | 1,954] 1,709] 2,200
‘ryase | *2,181 | 2,266 | *2,962 | *2,221 | *2,210 | *1,809 | *2,609



2 DIFFERENTIAL FERTILITY, 1940 AND 1910

In 1940, women ever married (that is, married, widowed, or
divorced) but not reporting on number of children ever born
comprised 9.4 percent of all women 15 to 7 years old and 12.7
percent of all women ever married. The corresponding propor-
tions in 1910 were 5.3 and 7.6 percent, respectively. The pro-
portion of wonen ever married who made no report on number of
children ever born was highest for the youngest women (21.8
percent for those 16 to 19 years old in 1940 and 23,0 percent
tor the corresponding group in 1910), The proportion was pro-
gressively smaller up to about 45 years old but tended to be
progressively larger thereafter in both 1940 and 1910, Hol
ever, it should be added that the age groups with the largest
proportions not reporting on number of children were the ones,
in which there 1s the greatest possibility that the woman had
never borne a child, ‘Thess groups included relatively large
numbers of woren who were working at the time of the enumere~
tion and for whom information was given by a person who was
not sufficiently well acquainted with the woman to report for
her on number of children ever born. The proportion of women
not reporting also varied with other factors such as color
and residence, These women who were or had been married but
aid not report on number of children ever born were excluded
trom the computation of fertility rates,

In computing rates for this report three alternative as-
sumptions were considered regarding the fertility of women ever
married who made no report on number of children ever born:

(1) That their fertility was the same as that of single
("childless") women; :

(2) That their fertility was the same as that of the
combination of single ("childless") women plus wo-
men ever married who did report on children;

(3) That their fertility was the same as that of women
ever married who did report on children,

‘The second assumption was selected, The influence of this de~
cision upon the rates shom for all women regardless of marital
status may be seen from an examination of the figures pre-
sented in table I.

‘Table 1.—NUMBER OF CHILDREN EVER BORN PER 1,000 RONEN 15 to 74 YBARS
OLD, BY AGE OF WOMAN, POR THE UNITED STATES: 1940 AND 1910

(Statistics for 1940 based on Sample C; statistics for 1910 based on janple FW.
text for statonents of the three sesumptions) aa

ato aso
0@ OF Wu
dasuap~ [Aaaamp- [ Asounp- | Anau [Assusp~
ton | tion | ton | tion | tion” | thon
vjpe ts | rye ps
Total, 25 to 74 years... 2,628 | 1,706 | 2,005 | 28% | 240s | 2,527
15 to 49 years, 2as2 | ase [a,07 | 200 | tsa | 1,000
15 te 19 youre co | al m»| «|
2 to 2A Joa. ws] sts | so | om | om | 7
25 to 29 yearn aa [220 | 2,167 | as10 | 2,80 | 2,658
BW to £4 years, sso7 | 3678 | 1m | 2)s20 | 245 | alana
35 to 39 yoare, 1,980 | 2j185 | 2167 | S)228 | 5,26 | 3810
0 A jae 3322 | aisor | 23582 | sins | sioou | sez
5 to 49 Juan +] 2404 | 23958 ] 2:70 | aiore | dia | Gai
50 to 74 yearn. ara _| soe | sase | 4405 | 4,70 | 4,000
50 to 5¢ yours | 2,578 [ 2,80 | 2,005 | aa | aysc0
, ; , ¥ : 48
Si a im ‘| as | syoee | Sao | Sree | Pas | ES
5 to 7A years, +] 2981 | 3,386 | 5,417 | 4;s08 | 43990 | sloz7

Because the second assumption was chosen the published
rates may be slightly too high or too low, depending on the age
group in question. In general, the possibility that a published
rete for women without regard to merital status 1¢'too low ie
greatest for the youngest women and least for the oldest wo-
men, If the first assumption had been followed, however, the
resulting rates for wonen of each age group would have undoubt

» edly been too low. On the other hand, if the third assumption
had been followed, the resulting rates tor wonen. of each age
group probably would have been too high.

Children under 5 years old.-~In the classificat
by number of children under 6 years old, only nose wie
Presumably born to the woman and living with her at the time
of the census were counted, The number of such children was
obtained by an inspection of the entries on the successive

lines of the Population schedule, Stepchildren, adopted chii-
dren, grandchildren, and other related children in the famtly
not born to this woman, as well as wards and other unrelated
children in the household, were excluded, so far as such chil~
dren could be identified. It 18 possible that the children of
the woman could be identified less easily for nonwhites than
for whites, because nonwhite families are more likely to have
a complex composition, and because of the generally less ade-
quate census returns for them, It ts also possible that the
children of women in the older ages could be identified less
easily then those of younger women.

For 1940, children living with mothers who were roported
as single were included in the count, but for 1910 they wore
excluded. It seems certain, however, that most of tho single
women living with their illegitimate children reported thom-
selves as married, widowed, or divorced. *

One of the most important factors to be considered in ana- _
lyzing fertility data based on number of children under 5 yeara
old is the underenumeration of such children (and particularly
of infants under 1 year old) in both the census of 1940 and
that of 1910. (See Appendix A.) The underenumeration of young
children is not peculiar to the United States Consus. It has
been noted, for example, in the census returns of England and
Wales and of some of the countries of continental Europe. For-
tility rates adjusted for underenumeration of children under &
years old are presented in tables 6 to 9, 11, and 18 of this
report.

Another type of adjustment made in many of the tables wae
that for children who were not living in the same household as
their mothers and who were therefore excluded from tha count.
The number of children thus excluded from the count, however,
is only about five percent of the total number of children un-
der 5 years old (see Appendix B). The fertility rates presented
in tables 7 to 9, 11, and 13 of this report have been adjusted
to include estimates of children not living with their mothers,
Rates in table 6 were not adjusted for children not living
with their mothers, because this table includes a clasaifica~
tion of women by marital status and separate estimates were
not obtainable for women so clessified, .

Data on numoer of children under 5 years old indicate “cur~
rent" fertility in contrast with the "lifetime" fertility indi-~*
cated by number of children aver born, since all of the chil-~
dren under 6 were born during the five years preceding the
census date, that te, from April 1, 1936, to March 32, 1940,
and from April 18, 1905,.t0 April 14, 1910, Rates based on
number of children under 6 years old are not, of course, aquiv-
alent to birth rates, since the,children have lived for about
2,5 years on the average, With an allowance for mortality dur-~
ing this period, however, these rates can be converted into
age-specific birth rates, as indicated by the figures in table
a

ghildren § to 9 years old.—The reproduction rates shown
in table 7 he period 1980 to 1935 are based on data for
Women classified by number of children .to 9 years old at the
time of the 1940 census. The number of these children waa de~
termined by an inspection of entries on the Population schedule
in the same manner as the number of children under 5 years old.
Children 6 to 9 years old in 1940 were born during the period
from April 1, 1980, to March 31, 1985. Figures were not tab-
usted for women by number of children 5 to 9 years old in

The enumeration of children 5 to 9 years old in the Pop-
ulation Ceneus was assumed to be complete. (See discussion of
this subject in the section on "Gross and net reproduction
rates." The remarks in the section on "Children under 6 yeare
oxer goncorning the effects of mortality, however, apply here
also. .

‘The rates shown for the period 1980 to 1936, in combination
with those for the period 1935 to 1940, furnish information on
the fertility of women during the entire intercensal period
1980 to 1940, The rates must be interpreted with caution if
used for the study of fertility trends during the depression
and subsequent recovery period, because rates for the two five~
year periods cannot show the U-shaped trend of fertility during

“Pigures on the number of
tootnate 8, on page 1y

single wonan with children in 1940 are presented 4n



16

MARITAL STATUS OF WOMAN, FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY REGIONS, URBAN AND RURAL:

fbrattsesee bases on Seale © (1940) and Sanple W (1610), Ratea por 1,000 wonan based on total rongn of elven class, For explanation of a

DIFFERENTIAL FERTILITY, 1940 AND 1910

Table 6.— NUMBER OF CHILDREN UNDER 5 YEARS OLD PER 1,000 WOMEN 15 TO 49 YEARS OLD, BY AGE AND COLOR OF WOMAN, STANDARDIZED FOR

nGoofticiont of Variation

1940 AND 1910--Con.

erisks, soo text statement on

CRELDREN FER 1,009 WoL, WADTUSTED

‘CHILDREN FER 1,000 WOMEN, ADJUSTED

‘Age of wonan--yoara

‘Age of wonan--yoara

ota ‘ote
wonen | 19 t0 | 20 to] a to] soto} ss to | 40 to/ 45 to] women || 15 so] 20 t0 | 25 t0/ a0 to | a5 to] 40 to] 45 te
we} om | oe | om | | ae | as we] om | a | a | ae | | a8

= a
"HE MORN! CHIRAL STATES—TOTAL

431 Cheeses, 1940
jntantentized, total winenassases | 276 | a6 | ase | sa | ass | eo | ago] toot | an || ae | soo | saz | sso | aor | aay | tm

"NJerssee one, tuntand prosonés. | 389 | 48 | 73 | .%6a} - gm | asa | ae | sar | dr | ste | aoe} So | Gon, ] me | tao | Sam
Other over marriedsessceeerveee | 287 | 420 | 65a | sir | 4s | 2x7 | M105 - zal 495 | oar | sea | tes eee | 12 -

Standardized, otal woneas aa | me] on | se | aor] a7 | a7 | sa | aos | at | ae | sr | aso | aon | ae | 40

mite, 191 :

Unetandardized, total woneaere. | 279 | 43 | oro | ser | ase | gor | 140 | ta9 4s | se | sea | ars | sor} sar | tan
Masried cece; bend peeomntané | 4 | 476 | 769 | 7e0 | s76 | aos | ra | nas 499 | sor | oo | coe | are | ia | 4a
Other ever marr seve | 275 f Mado | 658 | sax) 366 | zea | tir | vase | 690 | 50 | soa | a5 | ae] ~

stantardized, total worenswweecces | 274 [86 | aoe | as | aa | aan | oy | 08 39 | an | se | a7 | aoe | se | 40

Norwhtte, 1940 :

Unstasdardtznd, total women... 229 =| ta8 | tm] =] - =| =) ye fe | tas Jom | - -| -].:
Yarried once, husband present... | tee f = | 78 | vo | =) = | 2] > | vas PD | sare | vero | =; =] 0:
Other ever Rarried.ss.sens sor 7an en es ef of] Z] ol] eae pt - -| = =| = :

Stananratzed, total tones... Ea ee oe ee ee =] os}:

01 ctnsses, 1810

Unstendardized, total woxons se vos | 40 | ae | om | ora] seo | ms] or | aan | ae | aor | tos | ua | sen | ae | tao
Mnrried once, husbend present... | goa | eas | exe | 3,018 | 060 | es¢ | sis | vim | 705 | ee | 941 | 2,079 | 0a | soe | aio | ies
Other over steried.ssvssssevses | a50 f eaao | edz | “set ] soa | ssa | 208) —~ | 75 | r409 | see | ese | sop | ars | eer | ~

SRaninsdieed, total wenanes....ss, | 405 | se | 4a | ns | 650] soe | se | si] 420 | ox | 485 | 700 | 690 | san] am | ve

waite, 1910

Unstrndprsized, total womans... | aor | ao | are | a9 | 600 | see | sez | vor | ase | a2 | aos | 7m | aun | sor | aee | sa09
Merried once, husband greseats.. | 655 | 49 | aol} 1,02 | ass | 60 | e6 | nai | 730 | avy | 945 | a,0a7 | 90a | 701 | 420 | *1ze
Othar ever nar wee fo rsra | ose | “ese | sao | ass | vais | = | sas | sear | 703 | “see | cz | ger | vas | =

Standardized, totel wena, gop j se | 45 | 7e5 | 57 | soe | aoe] m2 | ace [oss | ave | 770 | sor | os0 | 509 | 07

omen te, 1910 q
Unstandardizes, totat won 27 =} tas | sae} =] -| =} 2 | - | +508 | mo] -}oe]-
Married once, fusbond zresonts., | 4a, lft | sie] ot] of =} off ssa fF | sev | seco | fyi}:
Otor over mieriodvesssrseesesce | "egg 2p : Itt re es - =f ot for} ot
Standardized, total wonone 28 es =f =] ae f= | ae} mana | > foe} oe
{TE Now CSITRAL STATES--UnEAWE
A11 Ctanses, 1940 .

Unstantordized, totat wonen.......| 229 | t40 | as | ase | 208 | ais | a 2 | sn | see { aa | aro | ans | ioe | 27
Marrind once, husband present... | 390 | “459 ) 677 | G67 | 438] 286 | It 402 sara | oe | cee] si0 | 295 | 05 | tae
Othor over mirTiods esses ma [vara | see | ane | ter |siss | #5 | | azo |] e4a0 | see | agp | wees | wav | sr | =

Standardized, total weno. mur [ss | sas | ara | ora | zee | aoe | 28 | aie | oor | ase | ar | 0s | ano | 208 | 27

waite, 1990

Uestnndartizeg, total yowon...+.../ 209 | vay | aoe | ear |) ava | aes | a0] te5 | as || 400 | srr | ano | aoa | 220 | 100, | 226
errieg once; husband preaeains< | a0 | seed | oro | “ars | so | zoe |- ino | “ao | oo frasr | fo | fe | ate | gee | 493 | tae

_ Other evar MArFledsessecsees sia f= | sea | ase | rao fuse | mm | |. aaa ft | son | as | e808 | sive | sr |=

Standardlzed, total waren. = vse [vo | ass | aco | one | eas | aor | ree | age || esa | ace | ase | aoe | eon | roa | #27

Vomwhtte, 1940

Urstandendized, total woos zoe | = | ses | tse |e -|- - x - -| - -
Married once, mnnband preasateas | sare > jos |) DPD LOT) or | ae ft in ees ee ee
Diver ever married. se] Ata 2) ZLoor} ot ee ee : Zo: :

Stantardized, total warenecccssese | ane Dose | sp or] ot ] or] ey: ore ae zt}: z

AML ciasses, 1910

‘Unstandardized, total wonen., 323 +33 329 879 930 | 397 ar] *66 29] a4 38?
Hesrted cree, Fosiaad presents 99 ff ais | ros | ast | raz | ase | aco | vas | cou esos | SS | S| HO | ge) | oee
eStore. r} 8 veut | ea) ara] vase | sana | iss | 9 | oes |lvase | soa | dee | easo | secs] na | vo

Stacdardtze amveereere| ge 47 | aps | eos | see | ons | ean | ves | aes | ae | ose | a0 | sua | ae | aor | 05

atte, 1910
Unstundnralzed, total one so] | | | sm aos | em | tes | ase. ean | sar | soe | sx] are | 208 | vor
ae rms} oe) ges | rau | sar | aoa | top | io ‘ll *aea | G00 | str | naa | S51 | aoa | *01
gee fz | Sh | G4 | tare fren | vas | = | ace |] = | set | gia | sare | sees | nas -
Ma yt | see | eae | bat | 40s | eer | v5 | ao |] *aa-| S00 | gas | soe | alo | am | +00
Komwbtte, 1810

Unetandordizea, tots} wonen. -| - *

Gthor evar mirrtedy..« a r| z] ty t] ot | me |r | see =|: =) =f:

Steniandized, total waren. TM . =| rf} ot : - sf: =] oor}:

205 = | vee forse] I]t D] oD] Cae 2 | sen | eng |r Z}ot :
{he Non CAMERA. aTamAne :
‘elRAL=DONTARL -
01 cinases, 2949 .

Unetasdardize’, total women * :

Karried once, musbend prevent... | S22 fl egey | SAE | G89] Ss] ee | tse] | ase fre | sas | oso | sas | ona | tice -
GtacvoverPietatsesseeeenees| Sop SL | me | 608] ao | amt | ms | >) ser Poon | Se] gar] eo | SS | ER]
Stondreataed, total wousnses cies sta] 2] M8-f yt | toa | vase | tas i

3 " *
of Te8 | amt 605) aoe) aoe | mas] | san | #0 | “are | “St | “ma | oe | sa |Z

wiize, 1940
Unetardardteed, total sonen,
. aa | ser | ao | eto} omar] as |

soled ore, ekard pestis 2 « ma [vr | = | aco fon | sue * -
Sete eee ee ee a a
eancaranzed, toon nceane | BSL age | TES | CRE] we] oc | | Z| Bo foes | van | eee | tte ~{ ete
> aa Hives | as | se | sta | sea | ne -

St lee |


FERTILITY AND REPRODUCTION RATES

Certain modifications of the urban and rural rates were
made for the eight States for which the 1940 estimate of com
pleteness of enwsration,made in the manner described above
for urban white children under 5 years old, axceaded 100 percent.
Bince {t was inadvisable to use factors exceeding 100 percent,
the figure used for urban white women in these eight States
was 100 percent, as indicated in table A-2. The figures for
rural white women in these States were then recomputed, so
‘that the urban and runal figures would be consistent with the
figure for pach State as a whole, The adjusted rural-nonfarm
figures for two of these States also excesded 100 percent, For
these two States, 100 percent was used for both the urban and
the rural-nonfarm figures and the rural-farm figures were re-
computed. The fact that the estimated completeness of enumera-
tion exceeded 100 percent for certain groups was probably a
consequence of the use of rates that were too high for the com
pletensss of birth registration in 1930 for the states involved.
Statistics on the percentage of children under § years old
enumerated in the censuses of 1940 and 1910, are show in tables
Arl to 4-3. For 1940, statistics are presented for regions and
States; for 1910 they are only shown for regions ani geographic
divisions since estimates by States were not made for 1910.
‘The figures for nearly all States in 1940 are thought to be
sufficiently accurate; the figures for urban and rural areas
in 1940 and for all groups in 1910 should be regarded as only
approximations 1n view of the less precise methods necessarily
employed for the computations of the completeness factors.

‘TableA-1.—BSTIMATED PSROENTAGE OF CHILDREN UNDER 5 YEARS OLD BNU-
MERATED IN THE CRNBUB, BY COLOR, FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY REGIONS,
URBAN AND RURAL: 1940 AND 1910

. ‘TOME URBAN
(OESUS YEAR AND RECTION ma xm

aibcaes [Waite | Norwmite || 2M hzyg [White |Nomnite

ea, os.6| 4.6] 95.0} 95.7] aas0

2.7] 98.2] 88.6]) 95.2] 95.9) 98.0

96.0|| 65.3 | e8.6| 97.0) 97.5] 89.0

se.0|] s23) ad.al) ss.0f o72 | 9.2

96.5] 5.5] 9.6] 95.5] 54] oa

s2.0|] 4.0] eu7|l ors o70| 20.9

the Northeastern States 704 95.8

3002 96.5

86:1 80.8

98:2 4.1

33

‘Table A-2.—-ESTIMATED PERCENTAGE OF WHITE AMD NORWHITE CHILDREN UNDER
5 YEARS OLD BNUMERATED IN THE CENSUS, ¥OR STANES, URBAN ARD RURAL: 1940

(Statistics are show only for those color groups for which 1935 to 1940
reproduction rates are presented in table 11)

‘TOTAL UREAN | RURALA-NCWPABM | RURAL-FARAC
stare
tien Non on Tor
. nate [Wirc, |fmmate | Sone, Tamite [NOTE |nnite | tor
-| era
2] 0.8
Z| eee
=| eat

8

ey

8

ee

ia

Yor Yorks...
Worth Carolina

poetee sated

1Pigures shown dre for the District of Columbia (entirely urban), Maryland,and
ined, .

virginia conb:

‘Tab10 A-3.—ESTIMATED PERCENTAGE OF WHITE AND NOMWHITE CHILDREN UNDER
5 YEARS OLD ENUMERATED IN THE CENSUS, FOR DIVISIOWS, URBAT AND
RURAL: 1910

(except for the three southern divistins, statistics for nomhite were not commuted
‘for areas snaller than Tegions, urban ani rural)

Tors, ures ruRAteKONPu | RURAL PARL
m2 eas] 26.0} 50.5] 90.5
‘GEOGRAPHIO DIVISTON Xs Non
94.5 a7] onal ose a None Jntte |¥28, [white
os ee.0) si.8 | o1.6 vate wate valte
aa.7| as.1| 27.5
90.7 | 26.6] 68.8 re ee
7 I] gis] = ]ensy =
ZT] ae] =] soe) =
United States.ss.sseeeed 96.2] 06.2] 9965 os} wal osa| See wa
Bone | asc2| ence | 66-4] 80.
‘the Hortheaster Staton was! 93.4] 91.0 f
‘The North Contra State m2 ot 66) 8.7) ore] eet oe
The Southssewes 95.2 86.9 | 8} 2) set} 2
The Westescsere 96.7 34.7



APPENDIX B

PROPORTION OF ALL CHILDREN UNDER 6 YEARS OLD AND 5 TO 9 YEARS OLD REPRESENTED IN SAMPLE C (1940) AND SAMPLE W (1910)

Although women of specified ages are fully represented in
both Sample C and Sample W, children under 5 years old and 5
to 9 years old are somewhat underrepresented, In the classifi-
cation of women by number of children under 5 years old and 5
to 9 years old, only those children presumably born to the wo-
man and living in the same household as their mothers at the
tim of the census were counted. No children whose mothers
were not living in the household were included in the samples.
(See section on "Children under 5 years old".) In the compu-
tation of certain fertility rates for women during the periods
‘When the children were born, an allowance was made for chil-
dren not represented in the samples. If this allowance had not
deen made, the fertility rates would have been too low.

ALL CHILDREN UNDER 5 YEARS OLD AND 5 70 9
‘IX SAMPLE 0, BY COLOR, FOR THE UNITED STATES,
‘BY REGIONS, URBAN AND RURAL: 1940

Table Bol, —PERCENTAGE OP
YEARS OLD REPRESENTED

Tables 8-2 and 8-2 show the percentage of all enumerated
children under 5 years old and 5 to 9 years old represented in
Sample © and Sample W, respectively, by color of child, for the
United States by regions, urban and rural. Table B-3 presents
corresponding percentages for Sample C for cities of 250,000
inhabitants or more, and for metropolitan districts of cities
of 1,000,000 inhabitants or more. Tables B~% and B-4 show tho
Percentages for Samples C and W, respectively, for States,
urban. and rural.

‘Toble B-2.—-PEROENTAGE OF ALL CHILDREN UNDER 5 YEARS OLD REPRESENTED
IN SAMPLE W, BY COLOR, POR THE UNITED STATES, BY REGIONS, URBAN
AND RURAL! 1910

(Statistics axe not available sopurately for rurel~nonfarn wid rual-ferm areas,
Statistice are shown only sor thoas color groups for whieh 1905 to 1910 repra-
duction rates are prevented in table 7; atatiation are eliown fx *ruralTM if re~
Prodition rates, are presented in table 7 for either rum l-noafarn or rural-fera)

(Steciatice are shows only for those color groups tor wich 1950 to 1995 or 1838 to peers
1540 reproduction rate are feeseated ta table 7) we =e ao
arat
on | par won | 22 f
TEA TEA camnanal | fhicolotaeaon(t0| veya fcfuanan) WO
‘REGION AND AGH OF CHILD (YEARS) |
eatsans [S80 | Noowt ste |]. Hee | toswastto 96.7 }a6.4 | 95.9 |o6.6 |os.4 | 94.6 |96.8
To Yorthenatern Stated 95.2 [96.0 [08.5 | 96.0 f0e.8 fav. | ota foe | -
HME UBER 8 To Worth oantra Stated 97:0 {97:2 [ao | g7-2 lar-a [essa | geca forso |
seallseal ese Be GUA. vseveee] 99-7 [06.8 [08.8 | o4ca aera [acre | aca (asce | 06,
Te Mootsies Lice] 9620 fa6.t [aore | 96.9 foece Jauca | gece foscs | o1:3
96.3 | 96.7) aa
aro] sre] s0:0
94.8 |] 974 82, ‘
gra sre) sere
In interpreting the figures in these tables 1t should be
borne in mind that "all enumerated children" include not only
Balt} oe} sei] a} oe | children living with mothers 15 to 49 years old and children
coalesce) cea] Sal SA] Geo | whose mothers are dead, but also a small number of children
go. {f 27) e910) stcolf o4:0/ gers | UNder 5 whose mothore were under 15 or over 49 years old at
seoll os | apie] aacel| Sue ~ | the time of the census; anda snall number of children § to 9
years old whose mothers were under 20 or over 84 yoars old at
TORAL-Wot@Aae ORAL-Fat the time of the census.
pron ep 408 or oHtip (rasa T
eaanaes [PO#¢ | Yoownste | 2 latse | Nommite
fable B-3.—PERCENTAGE OP ALL WHE AND MOMWHLTE CHILDREN UNDRR & YBARS
5 Seb REPRESENTED IN BAMPLE C, FOR CITIES OF 250,000 INHABITANTS OR
mewn] ma a| al wal nal ao | Ret ane tear it Wea
¢ Northeantern State paar =] Wa 5.0 =
‘Re Been Getoa ta 37 ora =| d6:8]) sexe = | (Statinttes are atom only for those oolor groups for whieh reproduotion saten ure
Be Sot eene ena} sas on] ony prosonted sa table 38)
eee - 97.51) 97.6 9962 =
‘CHILIREM 5 TO 9 AREA ‘white | Non: AREA one
wei te
Ualted Statens sa0l| ss] ene] seasll an) wa en “
‘oa Wortheaatern state 3.6 |) 34.0 =] wall ae =
‘The North Central States, 5.3] 4 9563], 5.4 : : :
sorr|| 92] asp : :
sss] ss7| Si = -
he proportion of all enmmerated : :
presented in the sample data may be Craeatg ObhOes ove ona - Z
8 of children to women | columbus, ‘ohio, 2 || San Antodio, ox >
‘These ratios were then | Bute Nr... 74) Gentle ween! te t
corresponding age level | Detroit, wich... Z oled Oe vageetanee ora} 7
88 products constituted | Houston, Tex... manlngsony Br Grveveeseeal 95 e4 -
Gn Qotimate of the number of children living with their mothers, | Zisumolie, iad
Gheh as would have been expected trom data based ona complete | smn Sits Me Jerse I {| MmmeroLinay promaroms
Srathanie” 22722 number of children enumerated was, of course, If chicago Wotropotitan pist.| a7, =
rom the complete counts. The proportion of ali ~ || Detroit Nstropozitan Dist.| 99/3 -
Snmerated children represented in the sample data was obtained 1) tos foeerag Metropolitan
by dividing the estimated mmber of children living with their x = | ane tenccesinecaiaes tion | 2® -
Tee ares by the corresponding number of children enunerated in | Memretiense Z|] mnttecepnae sees pest) OTB) 9B.9
‘the complete count, : Now York, NY. aaa |] “olseeszess Mebroronttan | -
Y H

34



22 DIFFERENTIAL FERTILITY, 1940 AND 1910

Table 8.— ESTIMATED AVERAGE ANNUAL NUMBER OF BIRTHS PER 1,000 WOMEN 15 TO 49 YEARS OLD, BY COLOR AND AGE OF WOMAN AT BIRTH OF
CHILD, FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY REGIONS, URBAN AND RURAL: 1935 TO 1940 AND 1905 TO 1910--Con.
[btattetitos vased on Sample © (2998 to 1940) and Senple W (1905 to 1910). Rates ropcosont average for each S-yonx ported of the munber of ohilézen hors auch specitie year

‘per 1,000 monen who wero in the given ng0 group during that yonr, Raves derived from data on total woren of gives class, anf on chiiéren under 6 yeers olf in 1940 and
Islo, "respectively. for explanation of asterisks, see text statenoat on "Coefficient of Variation’)

ESTIMATED AVERAGE ANNUAL BIRTHS FAR 1,000 WOMEN, 1985 TO 1940 ESTIMATED AVERAGE ANNUAL BERTHS PER 1,000 WOMEN, 1905 10 1910
Total ‘Ago of wonan--yeurs Toul Wage of wonan--yoare
wonen 115 to 19]20 to 24]28 to a9]%0 to 94]35 to 99]40 to a4[es co 49 | YO" lL15 to a9[e0 to aales to e9[20 to a4]se to 39]40 to a4]ts to a9
68 ce ee 46 as | te | nos as| x44] ava] 245 | a0 so] ty
6s 42/ ia} is] 83 4" w]e | 209 as| us| avo] sar | nos] aa | tt
58 28 98 39 64 a) ons} ot | * eo a6) us| 99] "20 wm} se]
se 38 o| ao} es} as] oe] oma | om ss] ia} ie! ne mi oss] M4
ee so} asa] wo] sa] tse] te] one | ane 1] res} 92] asa] saon] tran] tts
al ez{ ss| rol s4{ ter] tas] M2 | uae sr} iss} ise | az] F202 | mas |
94 “sa | a]. 286) sa es] ter] 5 | ass ves] ase] an] 05} ase] 76 | tea
4 vse | ys] ies| 8 es | ts] 5 | aos ‘ss| es | 2st | = m4) ase | te | tae
65 vs |__ass | _ ast] 98 es zo] tts | a5 eo| ais |__ asp | 205 | aso | ne | tea
26 er | co] se) | ze] ea [ass es} a | 243)  08| a9 es] te
300 st] ies] rs8 | 208 | 08] 97 | sea | den we] as| 220] 197] ase | t90| #29
54 so] it er| 07 al ons] se 2 se} asa] usr] ae wm] tm] re
54 45 |e sl) 68 sol mi) te 95 si| isa | 60] 326 ao | sae | tes
°8 res} nn} | vs] tae] tae | ee | ae ves| ise] *ue| 96] ter] ten | 8
cy wo} is] awe] a5 so] toa} tts | ase yr} 23] ae] aera | tor | rea
o2 | ae6 | 139 35 s7| tee} sre | 358 os| za2| 290/ es | zs | toa] tte
"36 vev| ies] wise] 95] eres | 27 | tte | 385 vis | *225 | *208] “se | tees] 64] *¥20
ss| ar| x00] aso) nas sa| veto | ase a} oan] aw] as | | aos} tear
a7 ea] m3] rer} ass | t07 | tan] tts | ter 96} 260] soa] 289 | 205 |. sop] tee
159 ao} eo} esa] nev | tase | 69 | teen | aie us| soe | sat | 286 | aes | ae | tan
er se] ise] aay 6 alone] 6 si| rso| as | ee es| to] te
cy ss, ao] us| 5 wo] a] a cry {97 | 288 a8 ee) |e
aL wo] © 102 8 co] te] re} re 68 34 ne or | 50] trea] oso
a wo} ior 5 so] . re] ose] er 68 4 nis ar) ts} see | ora
es | * ee] a0] as6] or | 80 | tao | ts | ae m| ree | re8-} ser] tron | stan | at
86 se] ie7] ass] 80. | tap | tas] He | ae0 ma| ime] res| 349] #100 | Fan] ove
105 wes| aos rs] ta55] tos] seas ua tor} 200] 24a] aor] saga | tre | trae
308 m4 | m1} 88] 180 | ten | t94 198 wea| 200,| 239 | "a0 | sist | tea | tea
Table 9,—INTRINSIC RATE OF NATURAL INCREASE, INTRINSIC BIRTH AND DEATH RATES, AND MEAN LENGTH OF GENERATION, BY COLOR, FOR THE
UNITED STATES, BY REGIONS, URBAN AND RURAL: 1935 TO 1940 AND 1905 TO 1910
[itatistios based on Sample C (2935 to 1940) and Sample W (1905 to 1910), Raten derived from age-specific birth rates shown in table 8, A minus sign (-) denotes decrease)
mamensro rave] erecta | rmmeto | umn uexont commmstc ram] mumresto | tarnere | wean tenor
‘OF NATURAL BIR peati | OF oENR- OF RATURAL BIR DEATH OF ORK
TNOREASE RA arg’ | amtox (rears) | TWREASE RATE Ram | Atrow (rRARS)
AREA AND COLOR ‘AREA_AND COTOR .
OF ROMAN 3935] 3905 | 1935 | 1905] 1995] 1905 | 2580 1805 OF WOMAN 1995 | 1905 | 2935 | 1905] 1985 | 1905| 995 | as05
wo | to | to | to | to | to | to| to to | to | to | to | to | to| to | to
3so| aso | 1540] 1810] 1940] 1910] 1940] sst0 asto | 1910 | 194 | 1810} r94 | 1910] 1940 | 1920
15.5 | 26.9 27.6 | 2847 27.9 |_3.8 jar | 2r.9| a9. | 18.2
a7 [| 26.0 277] 29.0 w7 | 44 [any | sea a8e] 77
aa | 36.6 aro| 23.0 ~ : ~ oa eara ars
ws | tee ar7| 29.9 uur | 1.0 [102 | 20.0] ee | 19.5
joe | lea ang] 28.9 suits | a7 10:2 | 2oce | anis | 19.2
ais | 16.3 26.5 27.8 - - ~ -| =f:
38.9 | 29.8 27,0] 28.0 as | 125 | 26.6 | 25.5] 24.9 | 140
ies | as e7.0| 28.2 xa | ier [ase | 26.5 | 14a | 18.8
pare | 344 26.9 | 27.5 . - oa are nears
98.1 ero] 2.9 aa | iss | 293 a2 | 14.0] aad | 29.5
36.5 28.0 29.0 aae | ie | 23.3 aise | 18:9] 28:8 | 29-8
ane 27.6 | 28.4 ° os eee ee



Aine Ai etna

BOUaWWOO JO LNSWLuvdad ‘SA

salsopunog af0j$ -—-—
SaLDpUNOG VOISIAIG zs
seopunog uoibey sme

IV

S3LVLS GNV ‘SNOISIAIG ‘SNOIDSY ONIMOHS S3LVLS GALINA ZHL 40 dvW


APPENDIX D

PROCEDURE FOR COMPUTING GROSS AND NET REPRODUCTION RATES FROM AGE-SPECIFIC RATIOS OF CHILDREN TO WOMEN

1. Method for Computing Reproduction Rates from Are-specific
Ratios of Children Under § Years Old to Women

a. Computation of age-specific female birth rates.—The
computation of the reproduction rates involved the estimation
of age-specific female birth rates. These birth rates were
computed from data contained in the report entitled "Differen-
tial Fertility, 1940 and 1910—Fertility for States and Large
Cities," showing the number of children under & years old per
1,600 Women in each S-year age interval from 16 to 49 years.
The method of computation is described briefly below:
(1). Computation of ratios of female children to women.—
The ratios of children to women shown in the above~nentioned
report involve children of both sexes, whereas for the pur-
pose of computing age-specific female birth rates, ratios of
female children under 5 years old to women were desired.
Such ratios were readily estimated. Figures on the number
of children under 6 years old classified by sex are pre~
sented in Volume II of the Sixteenth Decennial Census and
in Volumes If and IIT of the Thirteenth Decennial census
Reporta on Population, From these figures, the percentage
of females among the total children under 5 years old was
determined. By multiplying each age-specific ratio of chi1-
dren to women (from the fertility report) by the proportion
of female children, estimates of are-spacific ratios of fe-
male children to women were dbtained.
(2). Allowance for deaths among children.—tIn order to
compute birth rates, it was necessary to convert the figures
on female children under § years old into figures on female

births. Children under S years old at the date of the cen- |

sun were survivors from births during the preceding 5-year
period. The number of births from which these children
survived Was eatimated on the’basis of the female stationary
population figures obtained from the fe table, as given
in Appondix ¢ of this report. ‘The "Sly" figure for the age
interval “under years" was divided by 50,000 to obtain a
figure showing the proportion of females born during a 6-
yoar period who would be living at the end of this period.
‘Te age-specific ratios of female children were divided by
this survival proportion, ‘he results were estimates of
age~spacific ratios of female births during the preceding
five yoars to women living at the census date.

(3). Aljowance for deaths among women.—Similarly, the
data on mimber of women Living at the census date had to bo
converted Into estimates of the number living at the middle
of tho S-year period to which the estimates on number of
births applied. For this purpose, an allowance was made for
those women wio had died during the 2 1/2 years preceding
the date of the cenaus. ‘The proportion of women in each
age group who aurvived 21/2 years was computed from the
lire tables presented in Appendix C. ‘The proportion of wo~
men who survive 21/2 years 1s the ratio of the stationary
population of an "age at census" interval to the stationary
population 2 1/2 years younger. For example, the 2 1/2-year
survival proportion for women 1 to 19 years old at the
date of the census 1s the ratio of the "SLx" figure for the
age group 15 to 19 to the "Six" figure for the age group
121/2 to 16 1/2 years. To estimate the stationary pop-
wlation 21/2 years younger, it is sufficient to average
the atationary population 1n two successive 5-year “age at
census" intervals, In the above example, the "Bly" figure
for the group 12 1/2 to 16 1/2 years can be obtained by add~
ine together the figures for the age groups 10 to 14 and 16
to 19 years, and dividing the sum by 2. (For the rates shown
in this report, however, @ slight refinoment was employed,
consisting of osculatory interpolation *. )

Spor a diecusslon of osculatory interpolation, ase U. S. Bureau of the Census,
MYoited States Life Tables: 1800, 1901, 1910, 1901-1010," Goverment Printing
Officn, Washington, 1921, pp. H4aS45.

‘The age-specific birth rates were computed by multiply-
ing each age-specific ratio of female births to women (see
section b) by the appropriate life table proportion of
women surviving 2-1/2 years.

>, Computation of unadjusted gross reproduction rates.—
‘The unadjusted gross reproduction rete was computed by summing
the age-specific female birth rates for women during the 5-year
pertod preceding the census date, as obtained in step a, above.

c. Computation of unadjusted net reproduction rates.—m
order to compute the net reproduction rate, it was necessary
to multiply each age-specific female birth rate by the corre-
sponding proportion of female births expected to survive to the
specific age group. For example, the birth rate for women 15 to
19 years old at the census date was multiplied by the propor
tion of girl bables who survive to the ages 12 1/2 to 16 1/2
years. Such survival proportions were computed by dividing the
stationary population of age intervals 12 1/2 to 16 1/2 years,
17 1/2 to 21 1/2 years, etc., by 60,000, ‘The net reproduction
rate was computed by summing the products of the age-specific
female birth rates and these survival proportions.

4. Computation of adjusted gross and net reproduction
rates.—The adjusted gross and net reproduction rates were con—
puted by dividing the unadjusted gross or net reproduction
rate by the percentage of children enumerated in the census
(see Appendix A) and then by the percentage of enumerated chil~
dren who were represented in the fertility data (see Appendix B).

2, Method for Computing Reproduction Rates From Age-specific
Ratios of Children 5 to 9 Years Old to Women

‘The method for computing reproduction rates from age spe-
cific ratios of childrep 5 to 9 years old to women is analogous
to the method described above for computing the reproduction
rates from age-specific ratios of children under 5 years old
to women. ‘The report entitled "Differential Fertility, 1040
and 1910—Fertility for States and Large Cities" presents fig-
ures on the number of children 6 to 9 years old per 1,0U0 wo-
men in the 5-year age intervals from age 20 to 2% years to age
60 to 84 years, Women were about 7 1/2 years younger during
the period the children were born than at the date of the cen—
sus. ‘he proportion of children who were female and tho vari~
ous survival proportions were computed in a manner analogous to
that used for data involving children under 6 years old. In
computing the adjusted reproduction rates, however, no allow-
ance was made for underenumeration of children 6 to 9 years
old, because the enumeration of children in this age interval
was deemed to be reasonably complete.

%. Possible Refinements in the Method of Computing the
Reproduction Rates

‘the method of computing gross and net reproduction rates
from ratios of children to women which has been described above
does not take into account the fact that the distribution of
children by age varies with the age of the woman. For instances
few woren 15 to 19 years old have children more than one Year
old, and few women 45 to 49 years old have children less than
two years old, There 1s a more precise method for computing
the reproduction rates, which takes into account, the variation
tn the distribution of children by age among women of different,
age intervals. ‘This more precise method was not used for the
computation of the reproduction rates shown #n the present re~
port, The greater amount of labor involved oy the sore precise.
method wae considered unwarranted because of the degree of error
present in the life tables at tend and because of the sampling
fluctuations Inherent in the fertility date, Tn general, re-
production rates computed with approximate ‘allowances for mor-
tality among children and women ditfer by only & fraction of
one percent from reproduction rates computed with precies

allowances for mortality.

39


FERTILITY AND REPRODUCTION RATES 9

Table 4.—NUMBER OF CHILDREN EVER BORN PER 1,000 WOMEN 15 TO 74 YEARS OLD, BY AGE AND COLOR OF WOMAN, STANDARDIZED FOR MARITAL
STATUS OF WOMAN, FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY REGIONS, URBAN AND RURAL: 1940 AND 1910--Con.

Btatistion based on Sample 6 (2940) and Sample W (1910), Rates por 1,000 women baced on total wonen of given class. xcept ever married not reporting on children. Tor
fexplanation of aotertake, see text statenant on "Coefficient of Variation’)

CHILDREN FER 1,000 voMEN, 1940 CHILDREN FER 1,000

I, 1910

Unotanderdizea Standardized for marital status Unutendardized Standardized for naritel states

REOION, COLOR, AND
‘AGE OF OMA Bural~ | Qural-

nontarn| fers

nurel- | Raral-

y saral- | guna
nonfern| farm Total | usban a

‘totar |} urban | Rural | Rural) gotaa |) urban =
nonfarm} farm

- nontars| farm ‘Total |} Urven

UEITED STATES-~con,

Nonwnita
Total, 18 to 74 years. 3,997 || 1,969] 2,155 | 2,720 1,946 | 3,508 | 2,120 | 2,ne 2,986 | 9.685
25 to 19 year rez | aosf iss | ase] 8 70 a 7” el a
769 br4| bea | 2,009] 66 |] 50s | oss | wie sea] on

1,488 |} 2,060] a.css | 2,252] 1,896 |] 1,083 | 1,572 | 2,017 2,927 | 2,505

Boi |} 1,475] 2,044 | ayeir| /aj958 |] 1,460 | 21299 | 2,396 3279 | 3,826

2,508 |} i,¢25| 2,804 | 4,085] 2iaa2 || 1,709 | 2,773 | 5,754 aise | 5,205

eos | 2,225] 9,183 | 4,490 / 2,806 || 2,161 | 3,089 | 4,150 sia75 | 6,222

gies} aves] 9,820 | 4}a6s| 3,059 |} 2284 | siaie | 4,500 5,611 | 6,809

80 to 54 years. 3,511 || 2,759} 9,609 | 4,907] 3,956 |] 2,56 | 9,529 | 4,982 5,999 | 7,988
55 to 64 years. 8,796 || 2,982) 4,029 | 5,228] 8,608 |] 2,67 | 3,873 | 4,705 saz | 7,082
03 to 74 yanra, 47] ayere| 47a. | 5,455] a;1e1 |] 8,405 | 4462 | 5,077 san | 6,978

TR NORTHEASTERN STATES

All classes .
Total, 15 to 74 years.| 1,865 || 1,478| 1,780 | 2,24 1,609 || 1,616 | 1,812 | 2,287
28 tee ~ =| %66 || tes | 66 =

18 era} 498. | #500) ate. | 407 | saz | *600

2S to 29 years...s...s 858 er] 1,209 1,367] 978 |] 901 | 2,208 | 1,444

ijreo | 2j247) 1,501 | 2,408 | 1,761 | 2,280
aye07 | aaa) 3,90 |} ayaa. | 2,7 | 2,704
2,590 | 3,189] 2,290 |} 2,171 | 2,808 | 9,125
aes | gave) 2.593 |} 2,485 | 2j849 | 9,509
2,70 | 3,270) 2,892 || 2,607 | 2,026 | 3,299

ayza7| 2,785 || 2,722 | 2,897 | 3,208
ayer | 3,148] 2,998 || 2,944 | 2,00 | 3,102

rasa} 1,792 | 2,260 2,627 | 2,810 | 2,228 2,498
20 ~ ~ ¥60 | 765 = =
zai} 498. | | 501 se | sav | *800 *e04
rsa} 1,208 | 2,545 ee1 | 1,200 | 1,440 1,561

near] 2,700 | 2,252 a,aoe | y757 | 2, Bia

2,703 2,207 | 2,297 aise | ayer | aya 3,086

2,088] 2,888 a,178 | 2,601 | 9,219 81446

2,408] 2,820 2.509 | 2,950 | a,292 ayo7e

2,498 3,474 2,818 | 2,883 | 9,904 8,027

2,598 3,246 2,728 | 2,808 -| 9,207 8.742

2,754 8,127 aoa | 2.627 | 8,148 B,sil

=| 1460 |] ane | 2,952 =] 2.703 | a,roa]te,279 = | 1,900 | 3,788 | 2,479 -
: =|, 1508 || #520 - =| 485 | ta20 : =| ts00 | sane. : :
: =| 14108 2,064 - =| moae | #859 - =| "69. fs,080. : :
: =] niaca feaiae - =| #1808 | 1,812 : =| *\%689. fprise« - :
- =| stir aiz0s : =| sey240 | 22, - =| #21209 [2,250 3. :
i =] as |feziose : =| t2,861 |) t2,267 : = | 72,936 P2.eze -

“1,977 : =| t2/0a6. |jra.965 : =| *s'so1 | 3,277 - = | 73,585 fro, a26 : >

2,595 - =| 2,940 ||+2,309 - =| varv2 | 19,608 - = | ta,ers. [to,667 - -

2,498, - =] $2,609 |}r2,501, : =] raises | taia5e * 4,09 [4,268 : :

3,005 - =| *s\098 |}+2,940 : =| 4,945 | 5,070 : =| 4.795 eae6a - -

‘TE NoRTM cera, stares] +

12 Classes

‘Total, 15 to 74 yeare.| 1,766 1,970 | 2,364] 1,745 |] 1,525 | 2,877 | 2,a10] 2,425 || 2,056] 2,574 | 2,922 | 2,516 || a,2ri| 2,839 | 2,980
15 43 76 | as a | se | tee | Mee 48 aso 76 | Fag af *s] ‘| ‘ea
20 461 eas | 600] ave |} an | 50a | soa] a7 aso] 706 | 636 | son | 524] cee | se
25 2,077 ages | a,593] 2,071 |] a7 | 20 | a,4aa] 2,491 | 1,250) 2,686 | 2,805 | 1,407 |} 2,201 | 2,810 | 1,726
30 Lise ayers | 2,208/ 1608 |) 2,978 | ayee4 -| 2.92 iles2| 2,508 | 2,910 | 2,276 || 1922] 2,451 | 2,754
35 2,081 ayaa |, 2,885 2,039 || 1,249 | 2,276 | 2,775 31518} 3,190 | ais | 3,084 | 2,606 | 3,188 | 3,71
40 2)405 zen | 8,360) 2,95 || 2,076 | 2,618 | 9,220 9,264] 5,678 | 4,648 | 9,686. | 9,208] 3,072 | 4,416
45 to 49 yearalslsiii..| 2,610 aur 2,608 |} 2,287 | 2,777 | 3,490 3,614] 2,976 | 8,140] 4,097 |} a,629 | 3,909 | 4,879
30 a,765 || 2,460 | 2,885 | 9,515 | 4,087 | 4,000] “2,172 | 5,292 | 4,939 ff 3,959 4,095 | 8,028
5s 2,939 |] 2,se4 | 3,099 | 3,059 | 4,925 | 4584] 4,737 | 5,604 | 4,690 |] 4265) 4.519 | 5,308,
65 4,072| 3,257 || 2,960 | 3,448 | 3,082] 5,325 | 5,097) 5,209 | sero | 4,062 | 4,726] 4,985 | 8,260

Toten? 15 to 74 yeore.| 1,972 || 2,800] 3,979 | 2,362 2,300 | e407 | eose| 2,564 | nia | 2.980 | 2,220] 2,530| 2.676

45 to 19 yards esse 7 aa] a | sao 65 es a7] 475 | 09) sr | ss) *ee|  *sa
452 ase] 630 | 598 sso sas 436] 703 | a8} 599 ff 526 | sso | 6a
1074 79) 2,840 | 2,828 1,440 | 2,434 | 2,253] 2,659 | 1,208] 1,471 } 2,258] 1,606) 1,209

90 to 84 years.........4) 2,617 f° 1,948] 2,917 | 2,292,
85 to 89 yoare,.......-, 2,055 |} ij7s2] 2,800 | 2,889
40 to 44 years... 2.0

45 to 49 yearas....-s..| 2,527 | - 2: Byaza | 4,364 f 3,610
2,4e1] 2,095 | 3,829 aoe 3,992| 4,145 | 5,92] 4,398 | 3,952] 4,07 | 5,028
2\604| 3,081 | 3,842 3,654 43526] 4,724 | 5,657 | 4,687 | 4,91] 4,soL | 5,297
2,047] 3,518 | 4,074 2,882 30191 5,275 | 6,803} 4,953 | 4,701 | 49a | 5,955

SOSEES O- 44-3 :


FERTILITY AND REPRODUCTION RATES 1

mpable 4.—NUMBER OF CHILDREN EVER BORN PBR 1,000 WOMEN 15 TO 74 YEARS OLD, BY AGE AND COLOR OF WOMAN, STANDARDIZED FOR MARITAL
STATUS OF WOMAN, FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY REGIONS, URBAN AND RURAL: 1940 AND 1910-~Con.

[Brstiatice based on Sample ¢ (3940) and Samp

W (2920). Rates per 1,000 women based on total wonen of given lass, ex

(2au0) Rates pas 1000 women based on ota) women of fitmn clans feet ever murrtog not reporting on children, For

tion")

COHTLOREN PER 1,000 WouEH, 1940 ORTLDREY FER 1,000 wom, 1920

REDIDN, SOLER, 8D Unstondardized Standardized for marital status Unstentardized ‘Standardized for marital status
Rural- | Rural~ Rural | Rurel- Rural - E Rural
‘Total . ‘ure - -
vwetna | Zeretca| fara” | Toten J ocean | Eostea| fore’ | Teter | tosen | focraca| Seem | Totat | tooen | Soorarn| fore
‘THE WiST--Con. :
Nonmhite

total, 18 to 74 yeare.| 2,024]] *2,842| +2,490 | *2,942| 1,993 | 1,488] *2,408 | 2,97 | 2,500 || *2,900| 2,010 | v9,400] 2,205 | 1,505 | *2,452 | 9,008

45 to an = > = - = 7 = > > 7 >

20 : . : : Z 2]. tsa : : :

38 : =| = | ten : : L) nya : : :

30 : 2481 : . =| s2)297 : : :

35 : 3,205 2} r3ioas : : I

$0 2 4)000 5,408) ¥8,766 - = |ss,ox7

45 : 4208 : : =| "ston 2 zpen.

50 - - -| - - - - - - - -|-
30 : 2 t] of] taser : : 2] 497

rs : : : : - : 2

‘fable 5,—-NUMBER OF CHILDREN EVER BORN PER 1,000 WOMEN 16 TO 49 YEARS OLD AND 60 TO 74 YEARS OLD, BY COLOR OF WOMAN, STANDARDIZED
FOR AGE AND MARITAL STATUS OF WOMAN, FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY REGIONS, URBAN AND RURAL: 1940 AND 1910

Btertostce vnsea on Saxe G (1940) ant Saxple W (2910), Raton per 1,000 women baaed on total women of gtran elas

rong ver mariat ct reporting on obtldren, Zor

an) amar am 8 woes nd erg ae a
Silas mae oem ve ne cumyiaaeo | oan ap
noe Lae ho) me
von soem, wo) [Em | [ame | yom, es
wie aBtTM |e, os, ss te
TET para nett] BE tot tt ves fecal tse]
Sey | aw [Marutnatean] | ae (re eit pcp etl
ores
“an

‘sieer |4}64i| 4,529 | 4,590
Wonwhi te
1S to 49 youra.sse. 2,608 |1,677| 2,927 | 1,592
50 to 74 years. 37077 [3,685] 8,680 | 9,686

UNETED STATIS--URBAN

‘ALL Classes
15 to 49 y 1,145 |2,219| 2,269 | 4,151 | 1,574 [2,648] 2,735 | 1,748
30 to 74 year 2fee0 |2teei| 2i7i2 | 2,714 | 4,200 |4,279] ¢jare | 4,297
waite
4S to 49 year 1,741
0 to 74 your 4,206 243 | 2,202 1,606 |1,659] 2,824) 2,82
Ronwhite neo | 21758] 9,988 |4,003| 4,062] 4,073
15 to 49 youre..esseeees| 2,964 [2,289] 1,277 | 2,207 | 2,652 |z,004] 2,627 | 1,777
$0 to 74 youraesccecsece| 9,087 /8,087] 2,981 | 2,949 | 5,267 [5,246] 4,986 ) 8,027 ‘ase | aaa} 21s frsel nee] as
‘UntDep eraras. sar | 2isea| 4,203 [4,32] 4j257| 4,202
‘RURAL-NONFATA sv NORTHEAST STATES-|
X11 Classe URAL-NONARM
1S to 49 years. 1,47 2,087 |2,247) 2,002 | 2,268 a1 oles
Be ¥ ‘4695 |41679| 4,573 | 4,586 ALT Olasvee isi] 2, 2,992
s'699 [91693] 3,749] 8,
1,901 |2,919) 2,982] 1,929
ai6e7 |3\681| 8,788] 8,7
2,sea |2,968] 2,520 | 2,799 None
6,465 8,452) 6,098 | 6,108 | sa earn, feae25 | 72,687) . =|"1,964) 2,062

50 to 74 yeaa,

‘TH NORKEASTERN STATIS
"RURAL -PARM

2,504 |2,770| 2,590 | 2,625 411 classes
5,700) §,428 | 5, exe [3,819] 2,027] 2,8
aieae| 3,760| 2,780

ae to 4 mere pew |

zen | 1,787]
aya | 3

2,943 /3,579| (2,987 |-
‘iss. [7,535] 6,



FOREWORD

This report presents standardized fertility rates, reproduction rates, and other
fertility rates derived from data contained in the report entitled "Differential Fer-
tility, 1940 and 1910—Fertility for States and Large Cities," to which this report
constitutes a supplement. Both reports are based on the tabulation of samples of the
census returns for 1940 and 1910 and present statistics on the fertility of women for
regions, States, ci ties of *250,000 inhabitants or more, and metropolitan districts of
1,000, 000 inhabitants or more. Statistics for 1910 are presented in both reports in
order to show changes in fertility which have occurred in the course of a generation.
The transcription, ‘coding, and punching of the samples of the population returns for
1910 were performed by New York city Work Projects Administration Project No. 0.P.
65-2-97-48 (Census Records: and Research Project), sponsored by- the Bureau of the Census.

This report was prepared under the supervision of Dr. Leon E. Truesdell, Chief,
Population Division, and Howard G. Brunsman, Assistant Chief, by Dr. Henry 8. Shryock, Jr.,
Wilson H. Grabill, and. Dr. Paul C. Glick. The sampling procedures were under the
direction of Dr. W.. Edwards Deming, Mathematical Adviser.

Il


APPENDIX A

COMPLETENESS OF ENUMERATION OF CHILDREN UNDER 5 YEARS OLD IN THE CENSUSES OF 1940 AND 1910

Underenuneration of chiléren under 5 years old, particularly
of infants under one year old, has been uniformly observed in
the United States Census and in the Censuses of England’and
Wales and of various countries of continental Europe. Using
date published by the Bureau of the Census, P. K, Whelpton of
the Scripps Foundation for Population Research, has estimated
the enumeration of children under 5 years old in tha 1940°cen~
sus to be only 3.6 percent complete for the white population
and only 84.8 percent complete for the nonwhite population in
the United States as a whole, These percentages are wed in
the present report. ‘The Bureau of the Census bes made @ fur-
‘ther study of the undercount, primarily for adjusting the fer-
tility rates shom for subdivisions of the United States.

The enumeration of children under five years old in the
1940 census Js estimated to be only 95.0 percent completé for
the urban population, 94.2 percent complete for the rural-non-
farm population, and 66,8 percent complete for the rural-farm
population of the United States, Considerable differences in
the completeness of enumeration have been found for the several
States (see tables A-1 to A-3).

‘The comlsteness of enumeration of children under & years
old is expressed as the percentage which children enumerated
in the census constitute of the "true" number of children of
thts age. The "true" nunber of children may be estimated in
several different ways depending on the quality and typo of
pasic date available, Where-data permit, the best method of
estimation consists of taking the number of births over the 5~
year period preceding the census date, deducting the number of
deaths among these infants up to the census date, adding in
the number of children entering the area, and deducting the
number of children leaving the area during the S-year period.

‘The “true"’number of children under 5 years old on April 1,
1940, was estimted for each State from data on births and sub-
sequent infant deaths between April 1, 1935, and March 31,
1940, and from data on interstate migration of children during
this 5-year period as shown ty a special tabulation of State
of birth for children under 5 years old enumerated in the 1940
Census. The figures on registered births were adjusted for un-
derregistration in accordance with the results of the nation-
wide birth registration test made by the Bureau of the Census.
im comection with the 1940 Censws.* In the absence of more
adequate informtion, the figures on registered infant deaths
were adjusted for underregistration on the assumption that the
percentage of infant deaths not registered was one-half the
percentage of births not registered. Infant deaths are believed
to be more completely registered than are births. The figures
for migrant children were uniformly adjusted for underenunera-
tion in accordance with the factors developed by P. K. Whelpton
for the United States as a whole,

Adequate data on births, infant deaths, and migrant chil-
dren for the 5-year period preceding the 1910 census date were
not available. Hence, the "true" number of children under 5
years old living on April 15, 1910, had to be estimted by en
indirect method.

In the computation of the "true" number of children under
5 years old on the date of the 1910 Census (April 15, 1810),
both 1920 and 1930 Census data were used, as well as life tables
for the periods 1909 to 1911 and 1929 to 1931, It was asaumed
that the enumeration of children 5 to 9 years old in the 1910
Census was substantially complete.” From the number of female
children in this age group shown by tha 1910 census for each
geographic division, with an allowance based on the life tables
for subsequent mortality, the expected number of surviving wo-
men 26 to 29 years old on April 1, 1980, was computed. Tt was

a of the Connie, "Stuttes An Goapletansas of Birth Reglatration,#
statiation = Special Reports, Vol. 17, No. 18, iteration,” Hts)

82

‘then assumed that the difference between the expected number
of survivors and the number of women 25 to 29 years old actually
enumerated in the 1930 Census was attributable to net migration
of the women to or from the area during the preceding 20 years,
Tt was further assumed that the women 20 to 24 years old enu~
merated in the 1930 census had migrated during tha preceding
20 years at the same rate as those 25 to 29 years old enumerated
in the same census, It was then possible to estimete the nunber
of women 20 to 24 years old who would have been enumerated for
each area in the 1930 Census if no net migration had occurred’
during the preceding 20 years, With a restorative allowence
for mortality, based on the life tables, the "true" number of
female children, under 5 years old living on April 15, 1910,
could be estimated from the number of women 20 to 24 years old
Living on April 1, 1980, adjusted for migration. The computa-
tions were performed tor geographic divisions rather then for
States in order to reduce the errors which might otherwise have
resulted from the use of data for small populations.

‘The method of estimating the "true" number of children un-
der years old living in urban, rural-nonfarm, and rurel-farm
areas at the census dates is even less precise than the method
deacribed above for the 1910 estimates for geographic divi-
sions, Statistics on the urban-rural migration of children
under 5 years old are scanty, but migration of this type is
mown to be-considerably larger than the interstate or intar-
divisional migration, Farm or nonfarm residence cannot be
determined froma birth or death certificate, and even the
statistics on “urban* births and infant deaths are not always
satisfactory.

The "true" number of children under 5 years old living in
urban and rural areas was estimated by several different meth-
ods. No single method yielded measures of the completeness
of enumeration of children under 5 years old that were inter~
nally consistent for all States, urban and rural. It was noted,
however, that within regions the completeness of enumeration
in the rural parts of States tended to exhibit a uniform re-
lation to the completeness of enumeration in the corresponding
urban part of the State, regardless of the method of estimation
employed. Moreover, the urban-rural regional measures of com-
pleteness of enumeration formed patterns that seemed to be
quite uniform for the 1940, 1930, and 1920 Census dates. A
series of index numbers, based on an average of the results of
several methods, was computed, wherein the completeness of enu-
meration in each rural-farm and rurel-nonterm area was expressed
a8 @ proportion of the completeness of enumeration in the cor-
responding urban area, There waa one set of index numbers for
whites and another for nonwhites, in each of the four regions.
‘The same set of index numbers was used in the computation of
both the 1940 and the 1910 "true* numbers of children under 5
years old, because of the similarity of the patterns mentioned
above. The enumerated number of children under 5 years old in
each urban and rural part of a State or geographic divisicn
Was divided by the corresponding urban and rural index number.
‘The results constituted a "provisional" estimate of the "true"
number of children under 5 years old in each area. The. pro-
visional estimates for urban and rural areas were combined to
secure @ provisional estimate for each State or division as a
whole, The "true" number of children under 5 years old in each
State or division as a whole, but not by urban-rural residence,
had already been estimated by the more precise methods described
above, The ratio of the more precise “true* numb@ of chil-
dren under 5 years old to the provisional "true" number for the
State or division was computed and applied to the index values
to obtain the final measures of the completeness of enumeration
im each urban and rural area.


20 DIFFERENTIAL FERTILITY, 1940 AND 1910

Table 6,—-NUNBER OF CHILDREN UNDER 5 YEARS OLD PER 1,000 WOMEN 15 TO 49 YEARS OLD, BY AGE AND COLOR OF WOMAN, STANDARDIZED FOR
MARITAL STATUS OP WOMAN, FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY RECIONS, URBAN AND RURAL: 1940 AND 1910-~Con.

Btatisties nased on Sample ¢ (1940) and Sarple ¥ (1910), Hates per 1,000 women based on total vonon of given siass, Por explanstion of asteriaks, ave text
Scosftictont of Variation]

jatenent on

CHILDREN FER 1,000 WOLEN, ULADSUSTED OHTLDREN PER 2,000 WOMEN, ADTUSTED
‘Ago of wonan--years ‘ge of wonnn--yeare
AREA AND SUBIBGT ‘rota Tota ~
wonen | 15 to | 2% to [25 to | a0 to | a8 to] 40 to [45 to | © wonon || 25t0| 20 t0 | 25 to | 90 t0 | a5 to | 40 to | 48 to
ae | ak 29 uf a | 4 | as ae | ee Ey at | as | ae 43
‘Ti WEST--FURAL-FARL .
Al2 Clasess, 1940 —

Unstanfardized, total women. 284 -| 899 | a2 | rea | ran | ten - we =| "603 | 960} rar | tous | *268 -
Warriea once, hasbend present...} £86 =| 389 | 2,008 | 903 | sa96 - : 695 = | ase | i267 | ese | ton - -
Other ever macriedeesesseereece | MAUS =| v332 - -| - =] tes = | sore - - ~f 2 :

Standardized, total Komen. M366. S] a7} 77] ses Jana | sais - 422 506 | 098| 677 | tara | 248 -

Waite, 1940

Unstandardized, total wrens...) 975 - | ts | aor | 622 | tas5 | *220 - 492 - | "675 | 990| (717 | ton | 253 -
Varviea once, husband present... | 572 =| sre | as | ene | 083 - : 658 2] aaa | 1288} 820 | ss [= -
Othor over nerrtogsssss+e +397 - i ~ ~| = 2 Z| sés7 : ~ - - - 2 a

Standardized, totel woman. 955 =| su] oma] tsa |a98 | *e05 > 409 =} seo | me | tesa | *6o | +206 =

Wonwhite, «1840

Urstanderdized, total women... 325 - - - -} - - ~ | *s09 - - - - -| oe -
Married once, husband present...| *349 > - 2] oe : Z] +sas, : : : : Zpot :
Other ever merried....- - i : Tf ot i : =f : : : zh :

Standerdized, tote) wonea, y48 : > : =| 2 : Z| 80) 2 i : 2 : > 2

Ja Classes, 1910 ,

Unstandardized, total wonen 51? =| ts | oie | tess | t7ea | asa -| ser - | te42 | 2,042], te05 | teen | sme -
Marrice once, hushend pre 797 =] xjour | ates | sas | r208 - - 905 2] ayise | Lyso0 feszae | ters} = -
Other ever maxrieds. ss. 1s 330 =| teu - ~| : =] t608 =| “tse - = aft :

Standardized, tote) women, 492 =) sp | ssn] 795 | te59 | ta08 - 55? =| ses | cas | soz | v7aa |’ ace -

matte, 1910

Unstandardized, toted wonense..) 528 ~| 1563} 220} sro | trie | tase - | see = | "808 | 2.040 | 980} tare | t508 -
Uarrte’ once, husband present...{ 796 =} aos | 1,248 | 987 | na02 - : 893 = | asst } tee jraaas | 906 | = :
Other ever marristeseseeveseeses | 820 > ~ - -| = : Z| +508 : - - ~ - : z

Stendaratzei 488 =| 526 | 290 | 798 | r654 | e408 : 581 =| ses | 998 | 02 | *709 | *406 -

Nonwhtte, 1810 °

Unstantardized, totel women... 388 - - : -| - - =| 796 - - - - - - -
Sarried once, husband prenent...| *240 : > > t] of 2 = | 1,050 : : : 2 : : 2
Other evar married..ssecesesenee ~ > : : ZT) oe : : ~ : : 2 : : : :

Standafdized, total wonen.. #928 : : : tf}of : Z| ssi : : : : : : :

‘Table 7.—GROSS AND NET REPRODUCTION RATES FOR WOMEN, BY COLOR OF WOMAN, FOR THB UNITED STATES, BY REGIONS, URBAN AND RURAL:
1935 TO 1940, 1930 TO 1935, AND 1905 TO 1910
Gratistice pased on Sanple ¢ (2990 to 1995 and 1998 to 1940) and Semple ¥ (1905 to 1910),

-givon class, and on children under 5 years old in 1940 end 1910, respectively, Rat
8 to 9 years old, in 1940, For explanation of astorinks;

Ratos for 1935 to 1940 end 1905 to 1910 derived fron data on total wonea of
for 1950" to 1995 dacived fron data on totel wonen of given class, end on children
‘text atatanent on "Coefficient of Variation

GROSS REPRODUCTION RATE NET REPRODUOTION RATE
‘ssBa AMD cote, nad Justed ‘gusted Used justed ‘Adjusted
oF OKA 4gab to { 1930 to | 1905-t0/ 1990 to | 1990 to | 1908 to | 995 to | 1930 to | 1905 to| 1995 to 1990 to | 1905 to
1940 1925 1910 re40 | 1999 2910 1340 1985 1910 1940 1885 cEty
3,598 2,108 1,799 268 ne 1,296 904 1,996,
1,562 1,080 1,740 B70 pay 1,218 oe 1,989
2,639 11936 2,240 851 902 973 1,074 1988
1814 899 2,298 665 704 en cr 997
2,246 288 Fiesta ee) ne 924 786 a7
59 838 2208, 589 580 433 684 558
2,762 1,296 1,956 2,061 2,088 2,949 2,350 2,499
vite 278 1,905 1,055, 1,073 2,408 Fist 1,516
aime 1463 Bais 994 997 1,083 2,193 1408
2,198 1,844 2,683 1,975 2,807 1,665 1,698 2,008,
2,180 Lynas 2,828 2,852 1,478 1,707 2,566 2,002
2,855 2,866 9,965 1)458 1592 1459 ays 2,086
[TOE NORTARADTEAY STATES
Potadee seers 788 68 2,972 _ 001 se 1476 no a2 14040 798 228 2,220
WhttO. sea 98 era 1,086 est 922 2488 7 Ta 1,057 77 a8 1,136
ns BL 263 m4 862 1)084 887 pty 496 146 708 608
6 795 2,296 72 638 1,986 646 no 988 ns 196 2,033
mB 201 ayaa 78 940 4400 651 726 903 ns 76 2,088
895 ns 768 76 29 928 978 S91 446 728 eo S44
2,084 2,092, 1,648, aur | aise 1,186 985 984 isis 1,035 2,049 1,426
L086 1,090 1654 a1)43 | 1,260 1,764 928 97 Lyag0 11095, 1,050 13436
2,288 1,388 2498 2,063} 1,499 2,810 ayes 12s 2,187 2,949 1,499
1,262 1,380 2,492 jose | Lage 2,004 2,180 2,249 Fist ss Lyssa asad



BUREAU OF

THE CENSUS

Raney CAPT, Director (Appointed May 22, 1941)

WILLIAM LANE AUSTIN, Dir

ector (Retired January 31, 1941)

Puivir M, Hauser, Assistant Director

Rapu E, Gattoway, Brecut

tive Assistant to the Director

Population—Leon E, Trurspett, Chief.
Howanp G. BrunsMan, Assistant Chief.

Occupation Statistics—Alba M. Edwards.
Economic Statisties—John D. Durand.
General Population Statisties—Henry 8. Shryock, Jr.
Housing Statistics—Edward P. Staudt.
Mathematical Adviser—W. Edwards Deming.
Technical Operations—Regis W. Holmberg.

. Tabulation Expert—James L, McPherson,

‘Technical Editing—Bruce

L. Jenkinson.

‘Technical Instructions—Jack B. Robertson,

Adminstrative Service—Joun T. Moone, Chief.

Agriculture—Zettater R. Perrer, Chief.

Business—Wi11aM A, Rorr, Acting Chief.

Foreign Trade—J. Epwand Exy, Chief.

Geography—Ctauencr BE. Barscusxer, Geographer.
Governments—Epwarp R. Gray, Chief.

Industry —Maxwett R. Conx1in, Chief.

Information and Publications—A. W, von Srnuve, Acting Chief.
Machine Tabulation—Lawaencr A, WiLson, Chie/.
Personnel—Heten D, ALMON, Chief.

Special Surveys—A. Ross Ecxuna, Chief.

Vital Statistics—Hatperr L. Dunn, Chief.

SIXTEENTH CENSUS OF THE UNITED STATES: 1940

REPORTS ON POPULATION
Volume

I Number of Inhabitants, by States,
II Characteristies of the Population, by States.
IL ‘The ‘Labor Force—Occupation, Industry, Employ-
ment, and Income, by States.
IV Characteristics by Age—Marital Status, Relation-
ship, Education, and Citizenship, by States.

SPECIAL
Individual reports, grouped according to subject. Reports

Statistics for Census Tracts (Including Housing Data) :
A report for each of 60 tracted cities and suburbs.
‘Unincorporated Communities,
Institutional Population, 14 Years Old and Over.
*Familles (Including Housing Data) :
General Characteristics.
Tenure and Rent,
Income and Rent.
Characteristies of Rural-Farm Families,
‘Types of Families,
Size of "amily and Age of Head,
Employment Status.
Family Wage or Salary Income in 1989,
*Differential Fertility, 1940 and 1910:
Fertility for States and Large Cities.
Standardized Fertility Rates and Reproduction Rates,
State of Birth of the Native Population.
Internal Migration, 1985 to 1940:
Color and Sex of Migrants,

REPORTS ON HOUSING
Volume
I Data for Small Areas, by States.
Supplement : Block Statistics for Cities.

II General Characteristics of Housing, by States.

II Characteristics by Monthly Rent or Value, by States.
IV Mortgages on Owner-Occupied Nonfarm Homes, by

States,

REPORTS
denoted by an asterisk (*) are based on sample statistics)

Characteristies of the Nonwhite Population by Race.
‘Nativity and Parentage of the White Population:
General Characteristics.
Country of Origin of the Foreign Stock.
Mother Tongue,
“The Labor Force (Sample Statistics) :
Employment and Personal Characteristics,
Characteristics of Persons Not in the Labor Force.
Employment and Family Characteristics of Women.
Wage or Salary Income in 1939.
Education, Occupation, and Household Relationship
of Males 18 to 44 Years Old.
Industrial Characteristics.
Occupational Characteristics,
Usual Occupation.
Comparative Occupation Statisties for the United States,
1870 to 1940.
RBstimates of Labor Force, Employment, and Unemploy-
ment in the United States, 1940 and 1930.

1

—~.



28

Table 11.——GROSS AND NET REPRODUCTION RATES FOR WHITE AND NONWHITE WOMEN, BY STATES,

DIFFERENTIAL FERTILITY, 1940 AND 1910

1905 TO 1910--Con,

URBAN AND RURAL:

1935 TO 1940, AND

[Btatistion based on Sample 0 (1995 to 1940) and Sample W (1905 to 1910}. Ratea derived from data on total wonen, and on children under § years old in 1940 and 1910, re
tively. For explanation of asterisks, aoe text statenest on *Cooffic: tort also for basis of selection of arena for which white or romwiite
are shown separately]
(GROSS REPRODUORION RATE [NST REPRODUCTION RATE ‘GROSS REPRODUCTION RANE NEE REPRODUCTION RATE
Unadjusted | Aajasted Unadjusted ‘Ad juated Unadjusted ‘Aajusted |  Unadfustea | Adjusted
ARRA AND COLOR AREA AND COLOR :

‘OF OMAN reas | 190s [ass [108 [ress [asce [xe [1208 OF WOMAN asas | isos [isss [120s (“aee5 [1908 | 1905] ascs,
to | to | to | to | to | to to | to wo | to | to | to to | to | to | te
rio | 1sto | isto | i910} 1040 | r930 | isto | 910 isto | 110 | 1940 | 1910 | asto| 1916 | 19 | rs8t0

tal
1,686] 2,012] 1,748} so7] aj2a/ ie | 2,990) 1,482 2,201| 1,581 2,447] 2,288) 1,726] 2,519 | 1,243
aaa) *2}o80| 1125] te) t54n) 868] 548
° 1,175] *2,715| 1,226] #1,004 | *2,091] *1,259] 2,075 | 1,300
ass] e47| ajse5| 692] 1,085 “768 | 2,240]
esa} *2,028} 49m} *661) 4201] rasa] fsa
1,741] *2,014] *1,822/ *2,918 | *2,497] *2,258] 1,567} *2,202
a,osa| 1,288] 2,261] 1,026] 1,629{ 1,162} 2,780 .
“1,722 | *1,728 | *2,052] *1,227| "2,357 *21,845 | 72,629) *1,154) "2,898 / 1,305) *1,557 | *1,048/ *1,078/ 1,186 | *1,200
2,261] 967) 1,424] 699] 967) 785 | 3,002 1512] 2,360] "2,669 | #2,205] *1,209] *2,288 } *2,980
a,es0| ase) 1,422 690] 956] 773 | 3,079
1,915] 1,280| 2,287] 988] 1,423] 2,220] 1,629
vij7si| ajseq| *2)595 | 042] *2;070| #3258 | *1;005
z,en| 1,940] 2,488) 1,681) 1,200 | 3,508
veyiso *2,202| *3,118 1,809] *1),790 | 2,910) 1,820) #766] "1,990 %6e5] *era] te77 | 217
mises} te03{*ieon| ms] t998) +741] 2,048
- =p - “poe 2,094] 2,412] +2,297 | *2,172| 2,690] "2,275 | “2,768
+2,106| *1,266 | *2,267] 1,207] *1,899) *2,245 | 1,759]
. - - - - - - ‘#2,159| 1,800] "2,608 | *1,015/ 1,656) 2,654] 12,001
2,249 | ¥2y628| 3,648 | *1,680| 1siz| *2,126 | 42,040
2,541 3,025] 2,463] 2,952] "1,728 | 2,327
#25290 *3,a64| *2,685] *1,451| *2,459 | *2,229
sas} 1,300] 984] 1,416] 882] 2,081) 88] 2,177
1282] 2,918 2,161] 2,397] 21,578] 2,280] 2,778 nse] 995] 42] 2,089] 570] 820) 600]
veos( 2,185} tas [*2,209] *e25| tes) teua | *a96 1,loe} 1,688, 2,247| 1,742 { 996) 2,904 2,008 | 1,475
1,289 | "2,572 | "1,258 | ¢1,701| 2,097] 1,910] #1,084 | *2,409 "1,201| *2,917| #2,468| #2,247 | #2266 | 2,611] "2,922 | 2,809
1,375] *2,308 | "2,687 | *2,076] *2,427] *2,919] 2,001 | 2,265
2,149] 1,608] 2,423} 1,209] 3,598) 1,440) 2,000
aan | 2,008} 1,941] 2,820! 107] 2,490 a1s4 | a.m
'904| *1,422 | *2,195 | 41,959 #734} ans] Yoz0 | 1,208 1,367] %889) *2,46] *707] 890] 700] “907
Rural-nontem:
7es| 1,205) 019] 1,301| ese} os] me] sas Whitesceesserees} 1,8868| 2,829 1,794| 2,495] 1,406] 2,705| 1,620 | 1,098
Rurel-tara:
Watts 2,402) *2,925 "1,508 | *1,048] *2,090 | *2,109
*1,r72] 3,528) 2,259 | 2,972
3,970| 1,109] 1,613 | 2,082
. - . - 2,82] 3,18] 1,788] 967} 2,22] 2,082
ass] ars | iyo om) jour] n9¢) 1,098
973
omg ‘"1,181] *1,645| *2,809]' *2,702 | #1,070| 1,368) *2,266 | *2,482
Rurei-farm: ;
27 On Waltesssereeseee] 2,682] 2,096] 1,728} 2,967] 1,984] 2,708/ 1,860] 1,927
54 46
2,084] 1,423 1,21¢) 1,007
- . - - sveved *2,aze] "2,723 2,296 | "1,850 | #961] *1ygpe| *2,280,| *2,408
2,826] 2,852] 1,58 | 2,361
Less] *1y407] #2067 | 2,956 4 - - . - - - -



FERTILITY AND. REPRODUCTION RATES 37

Table C-2,—LIFE-TABLE STATIONARY POPULATION (SL) FOR FEMALES UNDER 65 YEARS OLD, BY AGE AND COLOR, FOR THE UNITED STATES,
BY REGIONS, URBAN AND RURAL: 1909 TO 1911

(The radix of each life table iz 10,000; that is, the figures my by tngamproted ae the mnber of yoare Lived in the stated age interval ty the surrdvors of
ths)

4000 Female bh
cotor wo 108 UNITED stares ‘Tie NORTHEASTERN STATES | THE NORTH CENTRAL STATES ‘Da S0uTH nn West
@)

Total |} Urban | Maret [| Total || Urban | Porat | total [{ urban [ ured | totar [[ urban | frat | toted |[urten | fred
48,249 | 44,674 |] 45,457 || 42,901 | 44,08 | 45,555 |) 44,705 | 46,242| 43,076 || 20,42 45,266 || 45,205 | 45,207
9,237 | 9}570|| ‘9,218 || ‘9;160] 9,280] 9,476 || “o:298 | oye | “sizie || “evass 9,458 || 9,480 | “9,449
8,785| 8,905 |! 8,746 |] 8,050 6,005} 9,258 || 9/008 | 3/260] a'7on || oloae 910 |} 9208 | enz
8,526 | 8,045 |] 8,5a1 || 6,475) 8,800] 9,088 |] yaar | a'16s| erase || rises 8,977 |] e,se1 | 3,507
8,25| 8,755] 5,409 |] v,375) ayaa] 8,985 || 8,701 | ssi) |ys% || 7488 8,695] gen | as10,
8,538 | 8,708 || 6,425 || s,202| 5,709] 83921 || oseo8 | sio7a| 67234 || risus 8,801 |} ,605 | 5,040
5 to 40,977 | 42,980 | a1,ss1 || 40,07 4,404 | 44,224 || 42,200 | 44,954 | 40,605 || 35,570 45,528 |] 43,384 | 43,527
10 te 40,280 | 42,375 || 40,964 || 40,276 | 42/908 | 48,505 |} 42,266 | aaya7a | s9vess |] 343370 42jann |] 42,600 | 42)561
15 to 39,285) 41,841 |} 40,504 || 20,706 | 42,380] 42054 || aase02 | 45/040) 28/627 || s2'ee0 42,071 || 41,004 | 42,16
20 to $8,180 | 40,203 || 39,564 || 38,902] «1,449 | 41957 || aoye7. | aa/oas| 287788 |] 207706 40,948 || 40,708 | 41,058
25 to 38,709 | 30,722|| 20,581 || 27,801 | 40,800 | 407609 || s0;s60 | arco. | s4sese || 23,678 291682 |} 39,482] 9,002
0 to 35,216 | 57,285 || 57,304 || 26,677| 30,280 39,570 || se,285 | 40,54 52,445 |} 28,208 33,318 |] 53,028 | 39,525
35 to 35,452 | 35,656 | 35,951 || 35,256] 30,050] 28,228 |! 38,020 | 295880] 30,048 || 28/719 36,389 |] 36,406 | 37,366
40 to BLs74 | S407: |{ 54/420 |f 38,681 | 30,755 | 26,707 || 35,250 | $8/005| 27,700 || 21251 35,305 || $4,602 | 38,055
45 to 29,508 | 52,487 || s2js4a || 21,702] 35,814} 85,201 || 35,48 | 264786 | 28/089 || 187760 38,582 || 52,751 | 34,575

50 to 27,081} 30,564 |} 30,499 |] 20,507] 38,578] 38,210 || 31,207 | ssius¢| 22/008 || 26'120

Under serSea] Guage | a. saa] agg) atne | asso | atzrs | aeyme assess dose) a4 as} aera a.toe | 46,009
8 8, :
ry 3
gyla7
9,082
9,028
Sto 44,574
20 ta 43,965
15 to 43,279
20 to 42,228
25 to 41017
30 to 39,074
35 to 38,654
40 to 37,365
45 to 35,208
50 to 12

Under 88,328 | 42,275 || 30,895 |} s9,708| 57,228) 42,060 |} 42,506 | 40,432 | «2,603 |] 96,147 | 42,887 | 30,404 || 32,5604 | 29,500
8,71 | 9,080 || 28,628 | 2,676] 8,4ai| 8,088 || 9,044) 8,075) 9,085] 8,488 | 9,125] 7,892] 0, 7,498

yeu | 2,827 |] 7,776 ||. 7, 77500] 8,824 || 8,429 8,178 | g,4zi |] 7804] 8,595| 6,187 || 6,879 | 8,001

7,486 | 8,825} 7,485 |) 75588| 7,10| 8,056 |} 8,173 | 7,918| 2,260] 6,985} 8,405] 5,755|| 6,179 | 5,590

7,285] 8,210|} 7208 |} 75374) 7,082) 7,915 || 8,022] 7,764] 8,055|] 6,738 | 8,297] 5,545] 5,978] 5,501

7)128] 9,125 |} 7208] 7 274| 6,952] 7,818 || 7920) 7882] 7,978 || 6,508 | 6,215] 5,405|) s,e5e| 5,206

2,280) 347768] sa'oss | st'eon| pain} Sarma |] Ssleua | su'sue | fae || asya | Serats| o/ea || 28/300 | t8;o00
25,858 | 52/250 2o/s2e | do/eou| Zrjanc| Garson | straco | ao,iea| Socveo | zzyss | talass| yess || azcus | 6,300
22,908] 29,617] 27,47 | a7,94s| 5,500 | 20,270 |] 22,10 | 28,000 27,285] 20,00 | 20,957) 12,288 | 2008 | 17,078
28;o%0 | 28/010] 2e;sra | asjaas| asysou| asvez? | 26v006 | trees | 20/roa | Q7soua| rasa eyo | seta | evens
17)300| 2asen || asfore | anrere| attaay| as%sra | atvaos | aaos | 22'se | iavae | delves] isyem || anos | Leyaue
1ijai2 | 22708 | ess | fo'oae| isvere| aaseer

1222 defor | iofon || Zeltee| infts | feltea | Severs | torso | irlore|| art | dois] da'ses [3essox | 11,908

BaSHS RBESH
Sesss sssss

Table C-3,—LIFE-TABLE STATIONARY POPULATION (8L,) FOR WHITE AND NONWHITE FEMALES UNDER 55 YEARS OLD, BY AGE, FOR DIVISIONS,
URBAN AND RURAL: 1930 TO 1939 AND 1909 TO 1911

val by the survivors of
(Te radix of each Life tatle 4s 10,000; that 1s, the figures aay be interpreted as the muaber of yeara Lived in the stated age interval. ty
20,000 Teasle Eirthe, Except for the three Southern divisions, statietios for nonmhiteo were not computed for areas suslier than regions, urban and mural)

70 1988 1908 10 2912
DIVISION, COLOR, AND AOE 2880 TO 1959 808 70 2611 DIVISION, COLOR, AND sa 280 7
(xi (x) r
Totad || urban | Aurel | Total |[ Urban | Aured . Total [| Urban | Ruret | Total || Urban _|/ Ars
YEW ENGLAND MIDDLE ATLANTTO-—~Cons
Write Wuite-ton.
Under & yuaes.oesee, Aras ssessseseseeese} 474028 |) 47,097 | 47,005 | 41,608 || 40,925
30 fo BC yearas cc ccLTEIE | aeinen | area | Sevres | Gaus | ots
1s to 19 years.
30 to 24
25 to 29
30 to 56
35 to 89
40 to 44
$012 & Jeareessiccceevoce] sso] Sahar | Sayeed | fois | asses

SESS BBbSa
SSess Sesss

Under 1 youn
LyOtreeveerseee



FERTILITY AND REPRODUCTION RATES 23

Table 9.— INTRINSIC RATE OF NATURAL INCREASE, INTRINSIC BIRTH AND DEATH RATES, AND MEAN LENGTH OF GENERATION, BY COLOR, FOR THE
UNITED STATES, BY REGIONS, URBAN AND RURAL: 1935 TO 1940 AND 1905 TO 1910--Con.

[tatistios based on Sanplo ¢ (2985 to 1940) and Sample W (1908 to 1910). Rates derived fron aga-specific birth ratea'shova in table 8, A minus sign (-) denotes decreas

omensie Rare | tNmowsre | | INTRINSIC | MEAN LENOTHE QrIRmNsTG RATE] TamamNST¢ | Imeruste | aman LeNoTH
OF NATURAL BIRT DEATH ‘OF GEER OF NATURAL BIRTH DEAS (OF GENER
INOREASE RATE Rave | agtew (vzans) THOREASE Raw name — | ATION (YEARS)
AREA. AND COLOR AREA AND coLoR
OF WOMAN asas] 1908 | 1935 | 1905 [as9 | 1900 | i905 | 40s (OF WOMAN 2996 | 1905 | 1905] 190s[ 1995] 2905[ 1995 [1905
vo | to | to | to | to | to | to | to to | to | to | to} to | to} to | wo
as¢o] iso | 1940 | 1910 | 2940 | 920 | 1940 | to20 asso | 1910 | 1940 | 2910] 1940] 1910] 1940 | i910

‘THE WORT! CEYIRAL STATES|

a2 | us| 24a] 16.5) 14.9| 27-2) 2902

ra 1.9] 204] o4a] 9.8] 27.2) 25.0] 27.7
rs| ins} ise| sar] iss] istal ase| ere
6 | 145 [ ane| as.o[ 246] 7.0] e921 63) ist] deo | sed] eco] atta] tse) ena
aa] ane] so] ao] 9.6] 6.2] 27.0) 20.8
30.8 | 5.0] ao.7/ 1n.8) 27.7) a0 toi| tea| asa| dae) 92| ane) aie) ges
+3] re.a| 20.6] a9.0| are] 29.2 38:3] are | soto] fail] ani] aoa] arse] eco
as.. | 18.4] 26.0|'19.2] 12.9] 27.1] 20.4 ‘THE WEST
19.8 | 18.2 | 26.0] 19.2] 12,7] 27.: 26.4)
By) Be] ee YR Qotelecscsecsonee| tes | 5.9] 145] ars] aos4] rose] 27.0] 26.7
gor | 240 | coal rove ana] anal ana | Missense [ea Be Ma ae] Wee) Teal a0 ae
20.8 28.9 | 92.2 ‘11.3] 28,2) 29.4 errreeeec eee ee eee

eo] 146] ata] 22a) 27a] 208
9.7} 24.6] 22.4] 21.8] 27.0] 26.8

azn | 20.2 | 86.0

yes | 38.7 | 36.8
as.9 | 24.5 | 38,0

2] 1s.2| 13.9] 26.6] 28.8
26,6| 19.1) 1s.a| 26.5] 28.2

+98 | 10.6 | 20.8
tas | lol} 2.6
-is.s} -20.8 | 12.2 | 19.6

26.8] 29.8| 10.4] 12.5] 27.5] 29.0
26.0 | 38:3 10.3) lie} 27,5) 29.0

Table 10.—NUMBER OF CHILDREN EVER BORN PER 1,000 WHITE AND NONWHITE WOMEN 15 TO 49 YEARS OLD, STANDARDIZED FOR AGE OF WOMAN, FOR
. STATES, URBAN AND RURAL: 1940 AND 1910

Biattetice veod on soste © (940) ad Sample (130), ates por 100 vman beget co otal, None of BLY Ay eee a or chito ase tora
tralegtion ot sttriars, ate sort satan on “efficowt ot Yettations "gee tox elao for beole of selection of uxouo for nich white or nonwhite are shom
ed

sepa
. CHITEDREN FER 2,000 Wow, 2940 UTLEY FER 1,000 WOMEN, 1910
STATE AND COLOR ‘Unetandardized Standerdized for age Unstendardized Standardized for ego
OF WOU
al | Rural~ ~ al warm | Rural
rrote2 || urban | REIS} St | gota | urea | Reta ‘total | urban Rural-| qotar } Urban | Birt a| form
1,702 |] 2,176 “ijaza | 2ans | 2,445] 1,794] (2,288 | 2,749] 2,836] 1,985] 2,624 | 3,249
#1528 a

1,665 938] 7
3}764]} *1,454 | *2,676 029] 2,619 | 9,986

gies | 2,492) *1,866/ *2,202 |*2,863 | 2,890

arizona:

Waite Seeeeeee 2,682 |] *2,359 | *1,822 ~ | 2,708) “1,886 } 18a. - | 2,206] *2,798] *2,408 - | 2,se6]) 1,898} 2,047 -

Arkansas:

WiltOsssecsveeeearee{ 1,809) *2,220 | 2,604 ] 2,212 | 2,920) 2,202] 2,716 | 2,907 | 2,626/ *2,673| 2,995 | 2,994 | 3,096] 92,088) 2,746 | 8,088

Honshite,sssseeecsse| 1,886 ~ = | 2a | 1,955} “2,216 = | 2408 | 2,700 - = | 3,038 | 8,192) "2,190 = | 3,626
cal {fornte: .

nite «}> 2,259] 2,02 | 2,474 | 2,882 | 2,079 eas | ajaze | 004 | 2,415] 2,209] 1,792 | 1,929 a,eeo| 2,732 | 2,903

Nonwhite, . yas |} *2y 243 - ~ | ‘i465 "2,280 = = | Alyse9}| 2,940 - - aia! - -

Colorado:

WHLEC se eeeeeee x,495|] 1,24 | 1,602 | 1,920 | 2,408) 2,200] 2,768 | 2,088 | 2,799|] 2,449 2.az9 | 2,416 | 2,825] 1.448] 2,284 | 2,405

Gonnecticut:

WL ereeeeee 2,22 || 1,108 | 1,158 = | ance} 2,202} 2,106 - | aysealf 2,54] 2,624 - | 1,800! 2,999) 2,682 -
saeeseeceses] 2,229] “072 ] 2 ~ = | tase] "1,087 - ~ | “ura 1,566 - - | 4788|) 2,622 - -

Diatyict af conunia: on
. teeereer] | OL] | Bon - - ma. mm - - | xer9]f 3,279 - =] teens] tase > -
Romhitecsscssseue| *2,056 | #2,056 : = | 2,043 || *1,048 - > | maa etiae - = | sti] "019 - -
ar 320 41 |*2,939 | 2,566 o0s| 2, 3260

te. x,07e} rye4s [2,242 | 1,954]] 2,097] 1,052 | 2,216 | 2,825] 24 2yran 2)! 2 i

vajars | “1,828 = | 2,648 |) #1426 | #2,969 = | 24s) *lyes7 | ¢2,469 = | 21918) 2,094] *2,801 -

jim | 1,404 | 2,039 | a,6050/) 2,205] 2,861 | 2,240 | 2,949] 2,700] 2,266 | 2,749 | 2,716) 11805) 2618 | Sse
wi'o00 | *alzas fegiiaz | iievoll iiss | *2yeaz.| 2.82 | 2,586|) *1,609| 2,087 [*s,104 | 3,128) 2,077) "2,697 | 9,852

1,057 | #2657 2,962 | 3,790) s2,cas | 2927 | 2,244 | 2,208] *2,000] *2,259 |*2,720 | 2,48] “2,688] 2,415

a,se7] 2905 | 2,258 | 1,848 2,679] 2,080

2,08] 1,500 | 2,709 ]* 1,144] 2,081] 1,479 | 2,704 , B |
jam - = | fuser} *2,074 - ~ 1,328 = + | *ajse6 | #1369 - -
Fears 1,983 | 2,148

1,070) 1,202 2,506 | 2,722 | 21,7821 2,505] 2,897 | 2,083 | 1,829
syjee. 2,269 - ~ | *tis<s] *11s86 - = | At70)

"1,556

2

Niudtessccsesssecceeel 2ya40f) azase | 3.476 [ase | asa ayreo] a,ara | 2,260 | aon} 2,480] ner | ayant | 2,964] tease] 2788 2,415


FERTILITY AND REPRODUCTION RATES

7

Table 1,— NUMBER OF CHIEDREN "EVER BORN PER 1,000 WOMEN 15 TO 49 YEARS OLD AND SO TO 74 YEARS OLD, STANDARDIZED FOR AGH AND COLOR

F WOMAN AND FOR URBAN-RURAL RESIDENCE, FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY REGTONS: 1940 AND 1910
otattation uased on Semple (2940) and Sample W (1910), Raton po

7 1,000 women based on total wonon: of given claes,
fates have coeftictente of variation of lesa than 1.0 porcont]

except ever mirried net reporting on children, Al)

REGION AND AOE
‘OF WOME

COUTLOREN PER 1,000 WOKEN, 1940

‘CHTLDREN FER 1,000 WOMEN, 1910

ardized

Standardized for.

Standardized form

Unetand-|

color

Urbane | Age | AES an
mrt | ana) Ste
rooldaneo| color | TE

Age,
color,’
urban

rural
Jrenidence

reaidezce| rosidenco|

‘Age and |Color and
vurban- | urban |°0

rural

me sount

15 to 49 years. cereeeee

50 to 74 years...

oe ST

25 to 49 yours,
50 to 74 years,

aase | 1,982] 1,392
3 ajove

1,287

2y777
2,s49 | 1,912] 2,819
978 | 2,993] 2,977

2,470 | 1,679] 1,525
aise | 3,799] 9,543

2,945 | 1,918) 1,308
gyal | 2,276] 2,619

2,982
3,004

1,847
4}608

Table 2~NUMBER OF CHILDREN EVER BORN POR
FOR AGE OF WOMAN AND FOR URBAN-RURAL RESIDENCE, FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY REGIONS:

[Btatiotice based on Sampte ¢ (1940)

nd Sample W (1910). Rater

1,000 WOMEN 15 TO 49 YEARS OLD AND 50 TO 74 YEARS OLD, BY COLOR OF WOMAN, STANDARDIZED
1940 AND 1910

per 1,000 wonen based on total wonen of given clans, except ever married not reposting on chi2dren. For
explanation of asteriska, euo toxt statenent on "Coofficient of Variation’

REOTON, COLOR, AND
AGE OF WOUAN

‘OMELDREN FER 1,000

1940

‘WOuEN, 1910

CUILDREN TER 1,000
9

Unstand-
andized

Standardized for-~

‘Standardized for--

ortan-]*82,* finetand-| —[ovann- [A
rural [22-[ondsaat | ggg [race
ponte [EE fest-
Bones [Pees Sanse

REGION, COOR, AND
‘ROE OF WOMAN

CHTLDREN PER 1,000
1910

‘Standardized for~

‘Standardized tor

Age &
urtan=
rural
‘real
dence

WILTED STATES

50 to 74 yours. cceeeeee

Nonwhite

BO to 74 years...

Honwnite.
YS bo 49 yoarss seer

DE NOKT CRNTRAL STATES

M1 Classes

15 ta 49 youre,
80 to 74 years,

wnite

18 to 49 yoarseesee,
20 to 74 years,

50 to 7A yoarsssseceeeee

1,389]
3,094]

369]

8

2,533]
ayer

1,285]

2\775|

2,284]
2}775|

1,74]
5,022]

1,049]
2,978]

1,249)
2974]

a,e57| 1,672] 2,708!
Fy

1,19] 2,824] 2,939
2ie77| 4,875) 4,836

. ay
4777) 3,808] 3,937] 9,900!

3,285] 1,877] 1,713] 2,726
2}776| 3,503] 3,912] 9,805

2, 487| #1 ,520|
‘a}sai)*4,24|

z,s18{ 1,826] 1,936] 1,742]
2\372| 4,860] 4,289) 4,729]

to
to

‘THE NORTH CENTRAL STATES
non,

Nonwhite

‘Te souTH

Al Class

Nonwhite
to 49 yearsess.
to 74 youra.,

2,214
4,64

2,ns| 2,090
5,778) 5,226

2,268) 1,891
ajo54) 4,407

2,280
5,239

1,012
aeal



10 - DIFFERENTIAL FERTILITY, 1940 AND 1910

Table 4<—NUMGER OF CHILDREN EVER BORN PER 1,000 WOMEN 15 TO 74 YEARS OLD, BY AGE AND COLOR OF WOMAN, STANDARDIZED FOR MARITAL
STATUS OF WOMAN, FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY REGIONS, URBAN AND RURAL: 1940 AND 1910-~Con.

Gtatiacion pesod on Sample ¢ (1940) and Sanpte W (1910). Rates per 1,000 vonen based on total wonan of given class, excopt over married not reporting on children, For
explanation of asterisks, gee text statenant on *Cooffictent of Variation’)

CHTLOREN PER 1,000 WOMEN, 1940 CHILDREN PER 1,000 WOMEN, 1910
REGION, GOLOR, AND Unetandardized Standardized for marital stata Unstandardized Standardized for marital status
ae Rural: Rurai- | Rural
om Ruzal- | Rural wrai- | Rural-| Rural- | Rura-| Rural= [Rural
toter || or u a» | Bure:
reas | sonore } farm | Tot) Urban | crfern| farm | TMD | Soden [Doreen | fase” | Tetad || urben | Mrad=| Raw
‘NR WORTH CEWTRAL, STATES .
+ ss0on.
Tonite
Total, 16 to 74 years.| 1,620 *e,goe | v2,769| 1,496] 1,094 | *2,198 | *2,600{ 2,00 | 1,957 | *3,090 | *3,500| 2,282 | 1,912 | *2,990 | “9.5%
15 to 19 years... ~ > - = = = = ~ - = ~ > 7
20 to 26 : =|. ts07 f_ *s20 - =| tse] | vena > =| 7587 | #408 i :
to 2 - = | 1,097 fF su,o17 : =| 3,880 |} #1090 2 =| £2,309 |] 2,085 : :
$0 to 36 : = fosiiase | s3)a0s : =| sieas f f1 566 : =| 3/350 | 1/561 2 -
35 to 99 : = | sites || stisre - =| t2,702 | taser - =| #21587 | 2,089 : :
40 to : = | reine PP ati982 : =| t5,616 | 21075 : =| 3,448 | 2,778 : :
48 0 48 : + | *e.077 |] 2,98 : =| ‘4.52 || 3,740 - =| tana | #9,589 : :
50 to 54 - 42,470] 42,519 - ~| rasre | 4,200 - = | t,399 -
55 to 64 : = | m2\506 | 2/302 : =| #51215] *4\807 : =| t4lara :
85 to 74 “ieee | 2,168 - =] "81007 | *5,202 : =| 15,544 : :
we om \
ALL lasses
2.ser | 2,129 2,008 2,923 | 2,176 | 2,884 | 9,990] 2,968 |} 2,305 | 2,769 | 9,440
me [7114 65 ar wr | iva | 08] 72 es | 7] | 60
ase | 793 596 397 610 | 2,201} 1,105) sai] 68a | ase 207
ove | 1,578 1,397 2,187 | 1,958 | 2,362 | 2,863] 2,014] 2,405 | 20a. | 2,32
ase | 2148 zoe 3,205 | 2,000 | syees | 3,918] 3,083 || 2}350 | 3,050 |  a,a4e
ye6e | 2,716 2,897 ae49 | 2.86 | 4,145 | 5,173] aie} zie | an | sage
2,209 | 3,079 2,957 5,040 | 9,509 | 4,274 | 6,208) 4,208 | lee” | alee | 51778
zag? | 35405 2,908 5,409 | 4,008 | 5,228 | 6,480} 8,349 || «lore | sine | 6,192
99 to 54 years. +-| 8,537 || 2,663 | 3,585 3,a72 5,727 | 4,408 | 5,342 | 6,629) 5)574 |] 4,455 | 5,247 6,297
55 to 64 yeara...s.cs.-| 34889 | 2,986 | 9,917 1735, $948 | 416 | 5,650 | 6,494) 5,674 || 4,775 | 5549 | 6,197
65 to M4 yeorsecesciss| 4,277 | 844s | ayaa 1255 8,722 | 8,047 | 8,678 | 6,281] 87506 || 41909 | siz | 5,920
tte ?
Total, 18 to 74 yeara.| 2,066 2,18 1,985 2,054 || 2,144 | 2,745 | 2,908] 2,901 |] 2,905 | 2,649 3,347
19 to 19 years] BB =e aL ue ve [ “ia | “i]s | ea 79
ean TM 581 "bee soe | 1,086 | 1,044) 704 |] 576 ans
ase |. 2,860 1,388 2,04 | 2,815 | 2)162 | 2,454] 1,994 || 1,390 2,245
1,966 eyiet Ligve ajaie | “2,072 | s,oae | s.7e4] 3)021 |] 2i1ss 3,364
2'590 2,608 2888 4jieo | 2,782 | 3,397 | 4901 4/095 |] 2,903, 4,748
3,008, 3,051 2,995 4,45 | 2,098 | 41556 | 5,860] 41957 ||. 9,520 8,281
3\278 3,364 3269 5,170} 9,807 | 4,873 | 61190] 5209 |] 9,940 B,eBL
3,446 2,368 3,446 5,990 | 4,187 | 4,920 | 6,267] 5,295 || 4,200 5,908
31747 3,802 3781 5,508 | 4,5 | 5,204 | 6,12] 8.404 |} 4,602 pty
4)260 4,825 476 sae || 4,742 | 5,261 | 5,775) 5,245 |] 4,650 + 8,684
Womhtte ,
Total, 18 to 74 yours.|’ 2,263 | 2.699 | 2,170 | 2,725] 2,100] 2,974 | zzz | 2,704] so | 2,252 | 3,115 | 9,890] 9,115 || 2,905 | 2,906 | 5,509
seaa[/ 380° “aa a seo | 279] 128 +98 =| os[ || ter | ee a5
area eis sez | see | 1,081] 658 soe | a] 148 723 | “1,408 | 1,242| aso || sa7 | t986 37%
25 to 29 yeerss....ccce.| 2,560 |} 2,078 | 1,657 | 2!za6| 1,480 2,843 | 2,014] 2,995] 1,44 | 2,604 | 2,088) 2,179 || 1,44 [2,50 | 2,516
2ya4 |} aysis | z,a7 | 3,208) 2,197 ae | 2,995] 3,a7 | 2)109 | 9542 | 4,252| a.258 |] 2.238 | 9,560 | 3,249
2je07 || 2,901 | ¥2,e03 | ajon| een | 1) 2,745 | 5,769) 4,549 | 2,989 | 4,477 | sy60| 4,908 |} 21990 | 4.27a | 5,159
Sine | 2,267 | "8,177 | 4,400] 5,077 | 2202 | 43,070 | 4,228] 5,528 | 3,7m | 5,272 | 6,728| 5,252 || 0,707 |rs,0 | 6,257
3,884 || 2,586 "9,692 | 4,820) s\¢00 | 2,476 | vo,az9 | ajea5 | 51228 | 4,508 | 5/975 | 7,970/ 5,900 || alors |*5,700 | 6 ya62
gate | svete |easre | sais] sem | nace |eoisse |asre| svese | sow | vs.are | rizoe| evar] ses [rsior | raz0 |
4.213 | 3,925 | 4,0@ | 5,240] 5,976 | 3,184 | a,e75 | 4,789] 8,892 | 5,590 | sieor | 7,990] 6)460 || 5,290 | 6,405 | 71101 ;
4:78 | sor | ayaen | 3,451] 4,070 | 9,772 | 4,985 | 5,070] 61903 | 6,099 | 6.as4 | 77415) 6.415 |] 5,726 | 5,009 |  6laoa i
3
422 Olasses
Total, 18 to 74 yoars.| 3,692 || 1,459 | 1,980 |_2,am|a.s74 | 3,068 | a,r4s_| 2,246 24976
25 to 19 yeors.. +65 se [ “ion =| 5 a | 61 ~ ~
20 to 24 554 aee | mez | *98a| ava ae | ssi | ose mat
25 to z9 alan asa | 1ai9 | 2,748] 2,093, esa | .zer | 2,535 1,787
80 to 24 3,698 ] 2,282 | x99 | 2,499] 1811 | aecs | ri7a9 | alee, 2,788
85 to 39 2,954 2,606 | 2,a04 | 8,086] airs | aie | elisa | eles 8,480
40 to 44 2,201 |} 1,828 |. 2874 | 2,902] 2188 | tans | zlado | alse 4,488
48 10 49 3,445 || 2,022 | 2,920 | 9,668| a,se6 | e,o1z | 2ir7s | avast 5,011
50 to 54 youresssssses4]. 2,016 || 2,155 | 2,206 | ‘s,604| 2,457 | 2.24 | 2,767 | 3,400 5,518
58 to 64 yoors..s..+-.+.| 2,704 ff 2,819 | sya1 | s\e28] 2'eaa | aioe | oh 8,879 54a
65 to 74 yours.. ajar |} 2,sa2 | 9,70 | 3,905] 21998 | 2iess | stare | 31608 5,808,
to ij
Totel, 18 to 74 yeurs,| 2,682 || 1.452 | a,48 | 2.015} a.560 | a,s65 | a,706 | 2,210 2,974
15 to 64 var | mon =| 54 se | ten ~ A
20 to 549 425 78 *190) 468 993 546 632) mL
25 to 2.205 ee7 | 1,401 | 1,896] 2,019 eo | 1,208 | 1,499 1,778
30 to 3,581 |} 2,276 | 1\905 | 2,498] ajag9 | a.zee | 1'790 | teas 2764
35 to aysar } dysge | 2,01 | 2,009] ress | ‘risso | alia | ei79 ais7e
40 to 44 yoorasssseseees] 2365 |} rye11 | 2,543 | aren] 2i307 | ai9e3 | elas | osose 4428
45 to 49 2,02 | 2,904 | 3,57] 2,362 | 2,008 | ayrst, | 31349 5,008
50 to 84. Bde | 2,876 | 9,594] 2,442 2,295 | 2,740 | a, 056 8,925
55 to 54 2,908 | 8,228 | 3,708] 21850 2,209 | s\os1 | ay54a| 3,438
65 to 2,675 | 9se7 | 5,365] a,920 I siese | aya66 | 2.5031 5,608