69–006 

110TH CONGRESS REPORT " ! HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 1st Session 110–402 

ENERGY STORAGE TECHNOLOGY ADVANCEMENT ACT OF 

2007 

OCTOBER 22, 2007.—Committed to the Committee of the Whole House on the State 

of the Union and ordered to be printed 

Mr. GORDON of Tennessee, from the Committee on Science and 

Technology, submitted the following 

R E P O R T 

[To accompany H.R. 3776] 

[Including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office] 

The Committee on Science and Technology, to whom was referred the bill (H.R. 3776) to provide for a research, development, 

and demonstration program by the Secretary of Energy to support 

the ability of the United States to remain globally competitive in 

energy storage systems for vehicles, stationary applications, and 

electricity transmission and distribution, having considered the 

same, report favorably thereon with amendments and recommend 

that the bill as amended do pass. 

CONTENTS 

Page 

I. Amendment ................................................................................................. 2 

II. Purpose of the Bill ...................................................................................... 4 

III. Background and Need for the Legislation ................................................ 4 

IV. Hearing Summary ....................................................................................... 6 

V. Committee Actions ...................................................................................... 8 

VI. Summary of Major Provisions of the Bill, as Reported ............................ 8 

VII. Section-by-Section Analysis (by Title and Section), as Reported ............ 9 

VIII. Committee View .......................................................................................... 9 

IX. Cost Estimate .............................................................................................. 12 

X. Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate ............................................. 12 

XI. Compliance With Public Law 104–4 .......................................................... 13 

XII. Committee Oversight Findings and Recommendations ........................... 14 

XIII. Statement on General Performance Goals and Objectives ...................... 14 

XIV. Constitutional Authority Statement .......................................................... 14 

XV. Federal Advisory Committee Statement ................................................... 14 

XVI. Congressional Accountability Act .............................................................. 14 

XVII. Earmark Identification ............................................................................... 14 

XVIII. Statement on Preemption of State, Local, or Tribal Law ........................ 14 


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XIX. Changes in Existing Law Made by the Bill, as Reported ........................ 14 

XX. Committee Recommendations .................................................................... 14 

XXI. Proceedings of the Subcommittee Markup ................................................ 15 

XXII. Proceedings of the Full Committee Markup ............................................. 29 

I. AMENDMENT

The amendments are as follows: 

Strike all after the enacting clause and insert the following: 

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 

This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Energy Storage Technology Advancement Act of 

2007’’. 

SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS. 

For purposes of this Act— (1) the term ‘‘Department’’ means the Department of Energy; 

(2) the term ‘‘electric drive vehicle’’ means— (A) a vehicle that uses an electric motor for all or part of its motive 

power, including battery electric, hybrid electric, plug-in hybrid electric, fuel 

cell, and plug-in fuel cell vehicles, and rail transportation vehicles; or 

(B) mobile equipment that uses an electric motor to replace an internal 

combustion engine for all or part of the work of the equipment; 

(3) the term ‘‘islanding’’ means a distributed generator or energy storage device continuing to power a location in the absence of electric power from the primary source; 

(4) the term ‘‘microgrid’’ means an integrated energy system consisting of 

interconnected loads and distributed energy resources, including generators and 

energy storage devices, which as an integrated system can operate in parallel 

with the utility grid or in an intentional islanding mode; 

(5) the term ‘‘Secretary’’ means the Secretary of Energy; 

(6) the term ‘‘self-healing grid’’ means a grid that is capable of automatically 

anticipating and responding to power system disturbances, including the isolation of failed sections and components, while optimizing its own performance 

and service to customers; and 

(7) the term ‘‘spinning reserve services’’ means an amount of electric generating capacity in excess of the amount needed to meet peak electric demand. 

SEC. 3. BASIC RESEARCH PROGRAM. 

(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall conduct a basic research program to support 

the development of energy storage systems for electric drive vehicles, stationary applications, and electricity transmission and distribution, including research on— (1) materials design; 

(2) materials synthesis and characterization; 

(3) electrolytes; 

(4) surface and interface dynamics; 

(5) modeling and simulation; and 

(6) thermal behavior and life degradation mechanisms. 

(b) FUNDING.—For activities carried out under this section, in addition to funding 

activities at National Laboratories, the Secretary shall award funds to, and coordinate activities with, a range of stakeholders including the public, private, and academic sectors. 

(c) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There are authorized to be appropriated 

to the Secretary for carrying out this section $50,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 

2009 through 2014. 

SEC. 4. APPLIED RESEARCH PROGRAM. 

(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall conduct an applied research program on energy storage systems to support electric drive vehicle, stationary application, and 

electricity transmission and distribution technologies, including research on—

(1) ultracapacitors; 

(2) flywheels; 

(3) batteries and battery systems (including flow batteries); 

(4) compressed air energy systems; 

(5) power conditioning electronics; 

(6) manufacturing technologies for energy storage systems; 

(7) thermal management systems; and 

(8) hydrogen as an energy storage medium. 

(b) FUNDING.—For activities carried out under this section, in addition to funding 

activities at National Laboratories, the Secretary shall award funds to, and coordiVerDate Aug 31 2005 00:47 Oct 25, 2007 Jkt 069006 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 6659 Sfmt 6621 E:\HR\OC\HR402.XXX HR402

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nate activities with, a range of stakeholders including the public, private, and academic sectors. 

(c) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary for carrying out this section $80,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 

2009 through 2014. 

SEC. 5. ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEMS DEMONSTRATIONS. 

(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall carry out a program of new demonstrations 

of advanced energy storage systems. These demonstrations shall be regionally diversified and shall expand on the Department’s existing technology demonstration program. These demonstrations should include the participation of a range of stakeholders, such as rural electric cooperatives, investor owned utilities, municipally 

owned electric utilities, energy storage systems manufacturers, electric drive vehicle 

manufacturers, the renewable energy production industry, State or local energy offices, the fuel cell industry, and universities. Each of the demonstrations shall include one or more of the following objectives: 

(1) Energy storage to improve the feasibility of ‘‘micro-grids’’ or ‘‘islanding’’, 

or the transmission and distribution capability to improve reliability in rural 

areas. 

(2) Integration of an energy storage system with a self-healing grid. 

(3) Use of energy storage to improve security to emergency response infrastructure. 

(4) Integration with a renewable energy production source, either at the 

source or away from the source. 

(5) Use of energy storage to provide ancillary services, such as spinning reserve services, for grid management. 

(6) Advancement of power conversion systems to make them smarter, more 

efficient, able to communicate with other inverters, and able to control voltage. 

(7) Use of energy storage to optimize transmission and distribution operation 

and power quality, which could address overloaded lines and maintenance of 

transformers and substations. 

(8) Use of advanced energy storage for peak load management of homes, businesses, and the grid. 

(9) Use of energy storage devices to fill up nonpeak generation periods for 

electricity demand to make better use of existing grid assets. 

(b) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There are authorized to be appropriated 

to the Secretary for carrying out this section $30,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 

2009 through 2014. 

SEC. 6. VEHICLE ENERGY STORAGE DEMONSTRATION. 

(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall carry out a program of electric drive vehicle 

energy storage technology demonstrations. These technology demonstrations shall 

be conducted through consortia, which may include energy storage systems manufacturers and their suppliers, electric drive vehicle manufacturers, rural electric cooperatives, investor owned utilities, municipal and rural electric utilities, State and 

local governments, metropolitan transportation authorities, and universities. The 

program shall demonstrate one or more of the following: 

(1) Novel, high capacity, high efficiency energy storage, charging, and control 

systems, along with the collection of data on performance characteristics such 

as battery life, energy storage capacity, and power delivery capacity. 

(2) Advanced onboard energy management systems, and highly efficient battery cooling systems. 

(3) Integration of such systems on a prototype vehicular platform, including 

with drivetrain systems for passenger, commercial, and nonroad electric drive 

vehicles. 

(4) New technologies and processes that reduce manufacturing costs. 

(5) Integration of advanced vehicle technologies with electricity distribution 

system and smart metering technology. 

(b) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There are authorized to be appropriated 

to the Secretary for carrying out this section $30,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 

2009 through 2014. 

SEC. 7. SECONDARY APPLICATIONS AND DISPOSAL OF ELECTRIC DRIVE VEHICLE BATTERIES. 

(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall carry out a program of research, development, and demonstration of secondary applications of energy storage devices following service in electric drive vehicles, and of technologies and processes for final 

recycling and disposal of these devices. 

(b) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There are authorized to be appropriated 

to the Secretary for carrying out this section $5,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 

2009 through 2014. 


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SEC. 8. COORDINATION AND NONDUPLICATION. 

To the maximum extent practicable, the Secretary shall coordinate activities 

under this Act with other programs and laboratories of the Department and other 

Federal research programs. 

SEC. 9. COST SHARING. 

The Secretary shall carry out the programs under sections 6 and 7 in compliance 

with section 988 (a) through (d) and section 989 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 

(42 U.S.C. 16352(a) through (d) and 16353). 

Amend the title so as to read: 

A bill to provide for research, development, and demonstration programs in advanced energy storage systems for electric drive vehicles, stationary applications, 

and electricity transmission and distribution applications, to support the ability of 

the United States to remain globally competitive in this field, and to promote the 

efficient delivery and use of energy. 

II. PURPOSE OF BILL

The purpose of H.R. 3776 is to provide for research, development, 

and demonstration programs to accelerate the development of advanced energy storage systems for vehicular, stationary, and electricity transmission and distribution applications, and support the 

ability of the United States to remain globally competitive in this 

field. 

III. BACKGROUND AND NEED FOR LEGISLATION

Stationary storage technologies 

Today, electricity is generated as it is used, with very little being 

stored for later use. Though this system has worked for decades, 

it is not an efficient means of managing the electric power supply. 

Demand for electric power varies greatly throughout the day and 

throughout the year. Therefore, the electricity supply system must 

be sized to generate and transmit enough electricity to meet the 

maximum anticipated demand, or peak demand. The inefficiency of 

this system becomes evident when considering that peak electricity 

demand for any given year could be for a very short period of 

time—a few days or even hours—leaving considerable excess generation capacity. Rather than maintain massive generation systems 

that are designed around a short-lived peak demand, energy storage technologies would provide a means to stockpile energy for 

later use, and consequently reduce the need to generate more 

power during times of peak electricity demand. Optimally, energy 

storage systems could be charged at night during off-peak consumption hours, and then discharge the energy during times of 

peak demand. Using existing generation capacity at night time to 

store energy for use during the day is more efficient, cheaper, helps 

to equalize the demand load, and ease the strain on the electricity 

grid. 

The expanded use of energy storage would also help to avoid capital intensive upgrades of transmission and distribution facilities, 

as well as reduce the need to run certain generation plants that 

may have higher operating costs and/or have a poor emissions profile. Energy storage also can improve electricity reliability and energy security by providing an alternate source of power during an 

outage of the primary power source. 

Advances in energy storage technologies are often regarded as 

key to increasing the reliability and widespread use of many renewable energy technologies. Renewables such as wind and solar 


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produce electricity only when wind speeds are high enough and 

sunlight is bright enough to generate power. Strategically distributed storage would permit electricity from these renewable sources 

to be stored and used during times of high demand or low resource 

availability. 

Smaller energy storage systems may also be deployed in distributed stationary applications, such as residences or neighborhoods, 

in order to supply back-up energy and level the load on the electric 

grid. Advances in smaller energy storage systems, specifically batteries, may also allow for entirely new vehicles such as plug-in hybrid vehicle technologies to enter the mass market. 

Energy storage technologies for vehicles 

Concerns about energy independence and climate change have 

caused a renewed interest in enhancing the role of electricity in the 

transportation sector. The benefits of this have been seen to some 

degree in the rise in popularity of Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV) 

because of their high fuel efficiency and lower emissions. Switching 

vehicles’ primary energy source from petroleum-based fuels to electric batteries reduces overall consumption of conventional liquid 

fuels. Additionally, several recent studies have shown that, regardless of its source, electricity used as a vehicle fuel reduces greenhouse gas emissions. However, greater electrification of the vehicles sector is constrained by the technological limits of energy storage technologies used in conventional hybrids, specifically the Nickel Metal Hydride (NiMH) batteries. 

Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs) are seen by some as 

the next logical step towards greater electrification of the transportation sector, and the eventual move towards market acceptance of 

all-electric drive vehicles. PHEVs allow for electricity to be used as 

an additional or even primary source of power for a vehicle, with 

a secondary role for the gasoline engine as a back-up power system. 

Advocates claim that 100 miles per gallon would be reasonable for 

PHEVs, approximately twice the gasoline mileage of today’s hybrids. However, current NiMH batteries for conventional hybrids 

are not optimal for this application. 

While significant technological advances are still likely in NiMH, 

and even the ubiquitous Lead Acid batteries, many in the industry 

believe the future of PHEVs depends on breakthroughs in new battery technologies, such as the lithium ion (Li-Ion) batteries. To expand the use of electricity in the vehicles sector, batteries must be 

smaller, lighter, more powerful, higher energy and cheaper—all of 

which require considerable research and development. Achieving 

these needed breakthroughs will require meaningful federal support and public-private partnerships with a range of stakeholders. 

Enhanced federal research and development of advanced energy 

storage technologies offers a number of economic, environmental 

and security benefits including greater efficiency and reliability in 

the electricity delivery system, better integration of renewable energy supplies into the electric grid, and less reliance on conventional transportation fuels. However, significant challenges remain 

in developing these technologies and establishing a viable domestic 

supply chain. H.R. 3776 authorizes the Department of Energy to 

conduct research and development programs on energy storage 

technologies, and expands this research to the demonstration of 


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promising storage technologies and the manufacturing methods to 

allow for their production in the U.S. 

IV. HEARING SUMMARY

The Energy and Environment Subcommittee held a hearing on 

Wednesday, October 3, 2007 to hear testimony on the discussion 

draft of the bill from the following witnesses: 

Panel One: 

• Ms. Patricia Hoffman, Deputy Director, Research and Development, U.S. Department of Energy Office of Electricity Delivery and 

Energy Reliability • Mr. Brad Roberts, Chairman, Electricity Storage Association • Mr. Larry Dickerman, Director, Distribution Engineering Services for American Electric Power • Mr. Tom Key, Technical Leader, Renewable and Distributed 

Generations, Electric Power Research Institute 

Panel Two: 

• Ms. Lynda Ziegler, Sr. Vice President for Customer Services, 

Southern California Edison • Ms. Denise Gray, Director, Hybrid Energy Storage Systems, 

General Motors • Ms. Mary Ann Wright, Vice President and General Manager, 

Hybrid Systems for Johnson Controls, Director of Advanced Power 

Solutions, a Johnson Controls and Saft joint venture 

Witnesses at the hearing testified that the United States presently is not a leader in the development of energy storage technologies, and industry must look to overseas companies for component parts that were oftentimes invented here at home. It was 

pointed out that the success of these overseas companies is due in 

large part to intensive R&D and commercialization support from 

their respective governments, and that a similar effort is required 

in the U.S. The public-private partnerships stemming from the federal government’s investment in research, development and demonstration programs will help to propel the United States into a 

globally competitive position. A robust domestic manufacturing 

base and supply chain for this advanced technology sector will also 

have the positive effect of creating high-wage manufacturing jobs 

in the U.S. By increasing the domestic capacity of this advanced 

technology sector, manufacturers will have greater access to necessary components for accelerating advanced storage technologies 

into the marketplace. 

The first panel focused on stationary energy storage systems and 

how these technologies can be successfully integrated into the electric grid or installed alone at a residential or commercial or industrial site to function as a separate power supply. The witnesses underscored the ability of storage systems to provide public benefits 

such as greater power reliability and security and better integration of renewable energy sources such as wind and solar into the 

electric grid, since energy from these sources is otherwise available 

only intermittently. 

Ms. Hoffman, Deputy Director of Research and Development and 

Acting Chief Operating Officer for the Office of Electricity Delivery 

and Energy Reliability at the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) 

testified that energy storage technologies paired with an advanced 

electric grid would accelerate the integration of renewable sources 


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of energy into the grid as well as foster demand response practices 

where customers’ appliances respond to price signals provided by 

electric utilities facilitating better control of electricity costs by the 

end user. She further discussed the benefits of energy storage for 

improving power quality and reliability by reducing transmission 

congestion and providing ancillary services such as spinning reserve services needed to meet peak electric demand. 

However, Ms. Hoffman pointed out that approximately a mere 

2.5 percent of the total electric power currently delivered in the 

United States passes through energy storage systems and to date 

is largely limited to pumped hydroelectric storage. She also stated 

that the Department recognizes the need to continue basic research 

into energy storage materials and systems and during questions remarked that the demonstration programs in the bill complement 

the Department’s activities in this area and do not duplicate its efforts. 

Ms. Hoffman offered that DOE acknowledges that energy storage 

technologies hold much promise for the transportation sector as 

well. She testified that plug-in hybrid electric vehicles will help to 

transition the nation away from exclusive dependence on oil for 

transportation fuel, and it is important to understand how such vehicles could impact the electric system. 

Mr. Roberts, Chairman of the Electricity Storage Association, underscored the benefits of energy storage technology by describing 

the usefulness of storage systems during power outages caused by 

natural and manmade disasters. He recommended expanding the 

scope of government funding for storage programs that interact 

with the grid and providing adequate resources for conducing demonstrations of energy storage technologies which enhance the electric grid. 

Mr. Dickerman, Director of Distribution Engineering Services at 

American Electric Power, agreed and emphasized the need for federal investment incentives to accelerate the widespread deployment 

of energy storage technologies. Mr. Dickerman also discussed his 

company’s ongoing investment in deploying energy storage on its 

system using an advanced battery technology. He explained energy 

storage could be used to reduce peak load on equipment, provide 

backup energy to improve security and reliability, and enhance the 

use of wind generation at times of high demand. 

Mr. Key, Technical Leader for Renewables and Distributed Generation at the Electric Power Research Institute, underscored the 

ability of energy storage technologies to support renewable energy 

sources that avoid emissions of harmful pollutants and to involve 

customers in the management of their electricity use. He also acknowledged that these technologies are expensive and siting and 

permitting can be difficult. He closed by recognizing that energy 

storage technologies will be essential in meeting the growing demand for electricity from sources that address our environmental 

challenges. 

The second panel focused on energy storage technologies for vehicles. Ms. Zeigler, Senior Vice President for Customer Services, 

Southern California Edison testified that a study conducted by the 

Electric power Research Institute and the Natural Resources Defense Council found that widespread adoption of plug-in hybrids 

could reduce annual emissions of greenhouse gases by more than 


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450 million metric tons by 2050, or the equivalent of removing 82 

million passenger cars from the road. Advances in electric car batteries would also help to reduce our dependence on foreign oil supplies and overall improve vehicle efficiencies. Electricity is the only 

alternative transportation fuel with a national infrastructure in 

place today. Consequently, plug-ins hybrids could also serve as a 

temporary energy power supply for homes and businesses, helping 

customers avoid high electricity costs during times of peak demand. 

Ms. Gray, Director of Hybrid Energy Storage Systems at General 

Motors Corporation, described the different types of battery technologies, additional research needed to develop vehicles that meet 

a range of consumer demands, and the difficulties of allocating limited company resources across a range of alternative technologies 

such as hydrogen fuel cells, advanced diesel, and flexible fuel vehicles. She traces much of the current success introducing hybrids in 

the U.S. auto market to public-private partnership between industry and the Department of Energy. 

Mrs. Wright, Vice President and General Manger for Hybrid Systems Power Solutions, Johnson Controls spoke to the environmental benefits of plug-in electric vehicles, but cautioned that continued federal investment in technology research and demonstrations is needed to overcome significant economic barriers. In addition, investment in a national manufacturing base and infrastructure would facilitate collaboration among the stakeholders to 

achieve widespread deployment of these technologies in the marketplace at a price consumers can afford. Ms. Wright’s written testimony includes a list of commercialization barriers and key enabling countermeasures. Among those, direct federal collaborations 

between battery manufacturers and other lower tier suppliers is 

cited as key to overcoming a range of technical challenges. 

V. SUMMARY OF COMMITTEE ACTIONS

On October 9, 2007, Representative Bart Gordon introduced H.R. 

3776, The Energy Storage Technology Advancement Act of 2007. 

The Subcommittee on Energy and Environment met to consider 

H.R. 3776 on October 10, 2007, with no amendments to the bill. 

Mr. McNerney moved that the Subcommittee favorably report 

the bill, H.R. 3776, to the Full Committee on Science and Technology. The motion was agreed to by a voice vote. 

VI. SUMMARY OF MAJOR PROVISIONS OF THE BILL

H.R. 3776 authorizes $130 million for basic and applied energy 

storage research programs at the Department of Energy for each 

fiscal year 2009 through 2014, and sets guidelines for activities of 

the programs. The basic research is authorized at $50 million for 

each fiscal year and the applied research is authorized at $80 million for each fiscal year. In addition, the bill authorizes the Secretary of Energy to carry out 6 demonstrations of stationary storage technologies aimed at accomplishing goals such as improving 

security for emergency response infrastructure, addressing management of overloaded lines and improving reliability of the electricity supply in rural communities. The second demonstration program focuses on the application of energy storage technologies in 

the vehicles sector. Such demonstration efforts will seek to advance 

onboard energy management and cooling systems, reduce manufacVerDate Aug 31 2005 00:47 Oct 25, 2007 Jkt 069006 PO 00000 Frm 00008 Fmt 6659 Sfmt 6602 E:\HR\OC\HR402.XXX HR402

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turing costs and integrate transportation technologies with the 

electricity distribution system and smart metering technology. Finally, H.R. 3776 includes a 50/50 federal and non-federal cost share 

arrangement for both the stationary and vehicular demonstration 

programs. 

VII. SECTION-BY-SECTION ANALYSIS OF THE BILL, AS REPORTED

Section 1. Short title 

‘‘Energy Storage Technology Advancement Act of 2007’’

Sec. 2. Definitions 

Sec. 3. Energy storage system program 

Authorizes program for research, development and demonstration of energy storage systems to be carried out by the Secretary 

of Energy. 

Sec. 4. Basic research program 

Authorizes basic research in areas such as materials, electrolytes, and thermal behavior. $50 million authorized for each of the 

fiscal years 2009–2014. 

Sec. 5. Applied research program 

Authorizes applied research in areas such as batteries, other energy storage technologies, and new manufacturing technologies for 

these devices. $80 million authorized for each of the fiscal years 

2009–2014. 

Sec. 6. Energy storage systems demonstrations 

Authorizes 6 large scale demonstrations of electricity storage to 

meet specific goals such as integrating renewable energy technologies into electric power supply. Such sums authorized for each 

of the fiscal years 2009–2014. 

Sec. 7. Transportation energy storage demonstrations 

Authorizes demonstrations in areas such as advanced vehicle 

battery technologies and related components, and new manufacturing technologies for these devices. Such sums authorized for 

each of the fiscal years 2009–2014. 

Sec. 8. Cost sharing 

Requires cost sharing to be carried out in accordance with 

EPACT 2005 section 988. 

VIII. COMMITTEE VIEWS

It is the Committee view that advancing the field of energy storage technologies brings with it significant environmental, economic 

and security-related benefits, and it is critical that a robust energy 

storage technology industry is developed in the U.S. Advanced storage devices allow for better and more efficient management of our 

electricity delivery system, increased use of renewable energy 

sources, decreased emissions of carbon dioxide and other harmful 

pollutants, and less reliance on foreign imports to meet our transportation fuel needs. To ensure progress in this field, it is the Committee view that significant breakthroughs must be realized 


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through a program of basic and applied research, development and 

demonstration, and that federal investment is necessary for the 

United States to become a world leader in developing and manufacturing these technologies. 

The basic research areas outlined in Section 3 are based primarily on recommendations resulting from an April 2007 workshop 

conducted by the Department of Energy’s Office of Science entitled ‘‘Basic Research Needs for Electrical Energy Storage’’. While the 

legislation specifically lists a number of areas of research in the 

area of energy storage, it is not the intent of the Committee to 

limit the Department’s overall battery research program, especially 

in light of interest in areas such as research on ion-exchange materials and catalysts. 

Sections 3 and 4 both include language directing the Secretary 

of Energy to coordinate activities and award funds to a range of 

stakeholders in the public, private and academic sectors, in addition to work at the national laboratories. The Committee believes 

that funding for this research should not be done solely at the national laboratories. The university community and the private sector should also be funded to do this work. 

The Committee believes the success of these technologies ultimately depends upon their widespread adoption in the marketplace. A key step in that process is the conduct of demonstration 

projects. It is the Committee view that implementation of diverse 

demonstrations projects could provide valuable information about 

the potential efficiency gains and economic benefits of broad deployment of energy storage systems. Section 5 of the bill lays out 

a number of suggested objectives for the Department of Energy’s 

demonstration of energy storage systems, but it is not the intent 

of the Committee to limit the accomplishments of the demonstration program. The Committee recognizes that more than one objective could be achieved through a single demonstration project. 

Generally, it is the Committee view that energy storage systems 

can help to transform the electric delivery system in the United 

States by increasing reliability, stability and resiliency of the grid. 

The Committee believes it is important to conduct some demonstrations of energy storage technologies designed to improve reliability 

of electricity supplies in rural parts of the country. The Committee 

also sees value in demonstrations of storage technologies in ensuring that our emergency response infrastructure, including water 

treatment plants and hospitals, can continue operations during 

natural disasters or manmade disruptions to the electric power 

supply. 

The Committee believes that deployment of energy storage technologies applied in load centers or areas with concentrated populations, would relieve congestion during peak demand periods, and 

would be essential to help address timing and need for infrastructure upgrades. The Committee also views energy storage systems 

as a key technology to provide ancillary services to the grid such 

as spinning reserve services and frequency regulation. 

As part of the effort to modernize our electric infrastructure, it 

is the Committee view that federal resources should be spent to 

demonstrate the integration of renewable energy onto the grid 

through energy storage systems. These systems would allow renewable energy sources such as wind and solar to provide a steadier 


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and more reliable stream of energy as they would no longer be dependant on periods when the wind is blowing and the sun is shining in order to contribute energy to the electric grid. The Committee finds that energy storage systems will foster better performance of the electric utility infrastructure by optimizing electricity 

generation. Energy storage technologies would reduce the need to 

generate more power during times of peak electricity demand by 

using our generation capacity at night during nonpeak demand and 

storing energy for use during the day. This energy management 

practice could also prevent the need to run generation facilities 

with high operational costs or poor emissions profiles. This would 

be more efficient, less costly, and help to equalize the demand load 

while reducing emissions of greenhouse gases. 

The Committee believes the Department of Energy’s work to advance energy storage technologies should take into consideration 

the challenges of ensuring that these technologies can be adopted 

by energy production operators and/or deployed by other private 

and public parties. The Department should consider seeking solutions to reduce technical barriers that may prohibit the use of energy storage technologies. It is the Committee view that the Department’s programmatic efforts should look to solve design hurdles when feasible so that the technologies successfully demonstrated could be deployed without significant delay. 

In regard to energy storage technologies for vehicular applications, the Committee recognizes that large-scale demonstrations 

utilizing government and utility vehicle fleets are useful in testing 

electric drive vehicles in a variety of conditions and use-patterns, 

and that these fleets provide added public visibility that eases commercialization. However, the program as described in the section is 

intended to focus on demonstration of the energy storage systems 

in particular, and their related components. It is the view of the 

Committee that, in addition to public-private partnerships with 

Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs), special attention 

should be paid to direct coordination with battery manufacturers 

and second tier suppliers. 

The Committee believes it is important to quickly develop means 

to handle electric drive vehicle batteries after their use in vehicles. 

The expansion of the hybrid vehicle market will result in a significant number of batteries that could be diverted to other uses, recycled, or otherwise disposed of. A very large majority of conventional 

lead-acid vehicle batteries are recycled or otherwise re-used, limiting the environmental impacts from their disposal. The Committee supports an R&D program that would characterize the potential environmental impact of these batteries, and develop technologies and processes for recycling and disposal of these devices. 

The Committee believes there may be a range of stationary applications for which a used vehicle battery is well-suited, and research 

and development of these options can lead to significant reductions 

in the cost to consumers. Section 7 directs the Secretary to carry 

out a program of research, development and demonstration program for secondary applications and disposal of electric drive vehicle batteries. 


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IX. COST ESTIMATE

A cost estimate and comparison prepared by the Director of the 

Congressional Budget Office under section 402 of the Congressional 

Budget Act of 1974 has been timely submitted to the Committee on 

Science and Technology prior to the filing of this report and is included in Section XI of this report pursuant to House Rule XIII, 

clause 3(c)(3). 

H.R. 3776 does not contain new budget authority, credit authority, or changes in revenues or tax expenditures. Assuming that the 

sums authorized under the bill are appropriated, H.R. 3776 does 

authorize additional discretionary spending, as described in the 

Congressional Budget Office report on the bill, which is contained 

in Section X of this report. 

X. CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE COST ESTIMATE

OCTOBER 19, 2007. 

Hon. BART GORDON, 

Chairman, Committee on Science and Technology, 

House of Representatives, Washington, DC. 

DEAR MR. CHAIRMAN: The Congressional Budget Office has prepared the enclosed cost estimate for H.R. 3776, the Energy Storage 

Technology Advancement Act of 2007. 

If you wish further details on this estimate, we will be pleased 

to provide them. The CBO staff contact is Leigh Angres. 

Sincerely, 

PETER R. ORSZAG. 

Enclosure. 

H.R. 3776—Energy Storage Technology Advancement Act of 2007 

Summary: H.R. 3776 would authorize the appropriation of $195 

million a year over the 2009–2014 period for the Department of Energy’s (DOE’s) energy storage research activities. Assuming appropriation of the authorized amounts, CBO estimates that implementing H.R. 3776 would cost $638 million over the 2008–2012 period and about $530 million after 2012. Enacting H.R. 3776 would 

not affect direct spending or revenues. 

H.R. 3776 contains no intergovernmental or private-sector mandates as defined in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (UMRA) 

and would impose no costs on state, local, or tribal governments. 

Estimated cost to the Federal Government: The estimated budgetary impact of H.R. 3776 is shown in the following table. The costs 

of this legislation fall within budget function 250 (general science, 

space, and technology). 

By fiscal year, in millions of dollars— 

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 

CHANGES IN SPENDING SUBJECT TO APPROPRIATION a

Basic Research for Energy Storage Technology: 

Authorization Level ......................................................................................... 0 50 50 50 50 

Estimated Outlays .......................................................................................... 0 23 43 48 50 

Applied Research for Energy Storage Technology: 

Authorization Level ......................................................................................... 0 80 80 80 80 

Estimated Outlays .......................................................................................... 0 36 68 76 80 

Energy Storage Systems Demonstration Programs: 

Authorization Level ......................................................................................... 0 30 30 30 30 


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By fiscal year, in millions of dollars—

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 

Estimated Outlays .......................................................................................... 0 14 26 29 30 

Vehicle Energy Storage Demonstration Programs: 

Authorization Level ......................................................................................... 0 30 30 30 30 

Estimated Outlays .......................................................................................... 0 14 26 29 30 

Secondary Applications of Electric Drive Vehicle: 

Authorization Level ......................................................................................... 0 5 5 5 5 

Estimated Outlays .......................................................................................... 0 2 4 5 5 

Total Changes: 

Authorization Level ................................................................................ 0 195 195 195 195 

Estimated Outlays ................................................................................. 0 89 167 187 195 

a A full-year 2008 appropriation for the Department of Energy has not yet been provided. 

Note: Under the bill, an additional $195 million a year would be authorized in 2013 and 2014. 

Basis of estimate: For this estimate, CBO assumes that H.R. 

3776 will be enacted during fiscal year 2008 and that the entire 

amounts authorized will be appropriated for each fiscal year. H.R. 3776 would authorize the appropriation of $195 million a 

year over the 2009–2014 period for DOE’s energy storage research 

programs in such areas as electric drive vehicles and electricity 

transmission and distribution. 

The bill would specifically authorize the appropriation of $50 million a year through 2014 to award grants to the public, private, 

and academic sectors to support research in such areas as surface 

and interface dynamics and thermal behavior (i.e., how a system 

burns). Under the bill, another $80 million annually would be authorized to be appropriated for applied research on batteries, compressed air energy systems, and ultracapacitors. H.R. 3776 would also authorize the appropriation of $60 million 

a year through 2014 for energy storage demonstration programs. 

Of that amount, $30 million a year would be authorized to be appropriated for electricity storage demonstration programs to research the integration of renewable energy sources into the electric 

power supply and the use of advanced energy storage for peak load 

management of homes and businesses. Another $30 million a year 

would be authorized to be appropriated for vehicle energy storage 

demonstration programs to advance the use of electricity in the 

transportation sector. 

Based on the historical spending patterns of DOE research and 

development programs, CBO estimates that implementing H.R. 

3776 would cost $638 million over the 2008–2012 period and about 

$530 million after 2012. 

Intergovernmental and private-sector impact: H.R. 3776 contains 

no intergovernmental or private-sector mandates as defined in 

UMRA. The bill would authorize several new research and demonstration programs for electric energy storage that would benefit 

state and local governments. Any costs they might incur, including 

matching funds, would be incurred voluntarily. 

Estimate prepared by: Federal Costs: Leigh Angres; Impact on 

State, Local, and Tribal Governments: Neil Hood; Impact on the 

Private Sector: Amy Petz. 

Estimate approved by: Theresa Gullo, Deputy Assistant Director 

for Budget Analysis. 

XI. COMPLIANCE WITH PUBLIC LAW 104–4

H.R. 3776 contains no unfunded mandates. 


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XII. COMMITTEE OVERSIGHT FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

The oversight findings and recommendations of the Committee 

on Science and Technology are reflected in the body of this report. 

XIII. STATEMENT ON GENERAL PERFORMANCE GOALS AND OBJECTIVES

Pursuant to clause (3)(c) of House Rule XIII, the goal of H.R. 

3776 is to provide for research, development, and demonstration 

programs to accelerate the development of advanced energy storage 

systems for vehicular, stationary, and electricity transmission and 

distribution applications, and support the ability of the United 

States to remain globally competitive in this field. 

XIV. CONSTITUTIONAL AUTHORITY STATEMENT

Article I, section 8 of the Constitution of the United States 

grants Congress the authority to enact H.R. 3776. 

XV. FEDERAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE STATEMENT

H.R. 3776 does not establish nor authorize the establishment of 

any advisory committee. 

XVI. CONGRESSIONAL ACCOUNTABILITY ACT

The Committee finds that H.R. 3776 does not relate to the terms 

and conditions of employment or access to public services or accommodations within the meaning of section 102(b)(3) of the Congressional Accountability Act (Public Law 104–1). 

XVII. EARMARK IDENTIFICATION

H.R. 3776 does not contain any congressional earmarks, limited 

tax benefits, or limited tariff benefits as defined in clause 9(d), 9(e), 

or 9(f) of Rule XXI. 

XVIII. STATEMENT ON PREEMPTION OF STATE, LOCAL, OR TRIBAL LAW

This bill is not intended to preempt any state, local, or tribal law. 

XIX. CHANGES IN EXISTING LAW MADE BY THE BILL, AS REPORTED

H.R. 3776, as reported, makes no changes in existing law. 

XX. COMMITTEE RECOMMENDATIONS

On June 27, 2007, the Committee on Science and Technology favorably reported H.R. 3776, as amended, by a voice vote and recommended its passage by the House of Representatives. 


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XXI. PROCEEDINGS OF THE MARKUP BY THE 

SUBCOMMITTEE ON ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT ON H.R. 3776, THE ENERGY STORAGE 

TECHNOLOGY ADVANCEMENT ACT OF 2007 

WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 10, 2007 

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, 

SUBCOMMITTEE ON ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT, 

COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, 

Washington, DC. 

The Subcommittee met, pursuant to call, at 2:06 p.m., in Room 

2318 of the Rayburn House Office Building, Hon. Nick Lampson 

[Chairman of the Subcommittee] presiding. 

Chairman LAMPSON. Good afternoon. This Committee on Energy 

and Environment will come to order. Pursuant to notice, the Subcommittee on Energy and Environment meets to consider the following measures: H.R. 3776, the Energy Storage Technology Advancement Act of 2007; H.R. 3775, the Industrial Energy Efficiency 

Research and Development Act of 2007; and H.R. 1834, the National Ocean Exploration Program Act. We will now proceed with 

the markup, beginning with opening statements, and I will begin. 

Today the Subcommittee will consider three bills. 

The first is the Energy Storage Technology Advancement Act, introduced yesterday by Chairman Gordon. As we learned in the 

hearing last week, an aggressive research program to accelerate 

the development of batteries and other energy-storing technologies 

is essential to achieving greater energy efficiency and emission reduction in the utility and transportation sectors. Chairman Gordon’s bill, which incorporates many features of an energy bill introduced earlier in the Congress by Ranking Member Hall, will ensure 

that we move these import technologies forwards and support a 

vigorous domestic industrial capability in this areas. 

The second bill is the Industrial Energy Efficiency Research and 

Development Act. I introduced this legislation yesterday after circulating a discussion draft of the bill at the end of September. If we 

want to maintain a competitive, domestic industrial economy, we 

must find ways to enable energy-intensive industries to become 

more energy efficient and to diversify the fuel and raw materials 

they use to manufacture their products. Competition for energy and 

material is increasing and driving up prices for these inputs. The 

Industrial Technology Program at the Department of Energy has 

been working in partnership with industries across the county to 

achieve these important goals, but we still must do more. 


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And finally, we will consider H.R. 1834, introduced by our colleague on the Natural Resources Committee, Representative 

Saxton. The National Ocean Exploration and National Undersea 

Research Program Act will expand our knowledge of the oceans and 

provide basic information about the vast resources of the seas. The 

ocean and coastal areas of our nation support significant economic 

activity in a wide variety of area, but in many respects, the oceans 

remain a mystery with many areas unexplored. Representative 

Saxton’s legislation provides the National Oceanic and Atmospheric 

Administration with the authorities and direction to support a vigorous ocean-exploration program. We will continue to work with 

our colleagues on the Natural Resources Committee to move this 

legislation forward. 

I urge the Members of the Subcommittee to support all three of 

these bills, and I look forward to continue working with all of you 

as these will go forward. 

[The prepared statement of Chairman Lampson follows:] 

PREPARED STATEMENT OF CHAIRMAN NICK LAMPSON

Good afternoon. 

Today the Subcommittee will consider three bills. The first is the Energy Storage 

Technology Advancement Act introduced yesterday by Chairman Gordon. As we 

learned in the hearing last week, an aggressive research program to accelerate the 

development of batteries and other energy storing technologies is essential to 

achieving greater energy efficiency and emission reductions in the utility and transportation sectors. 

Chairman Gordon’s bill, which incorporates many features of an energy bill introduced earlier in this Congress by Ranking Member Hall, will ensure that we move 

these important technologies forward and support a vigorous domestic industrial capability in this area. 

The second bill is the Industrial Energy Efficiency Research and Development Act. 

I introduced this legislation yesterday after circulating a discussion draft of the bill 

at the end of September. 

If we want to maintain a competitive, domestic industrial economy we must find 

ways to enable energy-intensive industries to become more energy efficient and to 

diversify the fuel and raw materials they use to manufacture their products. Competition for energy and materials is increasing and driving up prices for these inputs. The Industrial Technology Program at the Department of Energy has been 

working in partnership with industries across the country to achieve these important goals, but we must do more. 

Finally, we will consider H.R. 1834 introduced by our Colleague on the Natural 

Resources Committee, Rep. Saxton. The National Ocean Exploration and National 

Undersea Research Program Act will expand our knowledge of the oceans and provide basic information about the vast resources of the seas. 

The ocean and coastal areas of our nation support significant economic activity 

in a wide variety of areas. But in many respects, the oceans remain a mystery with 

many areas unexplored. Rep. Saxton’s legislation provides the National Oceanic and 

Atmospheric Administration with the authorities and direction to support a vigorous 

ocean exploration program. We will continue to work with our colleagues on the 

Natural Resources Committee to move this legislation forward. 

I urge the Members of the Subcommittee to support all three of these bills, and 

I look forward to continue working with all of you as these bills go forward. 

Chairman LAMPSON. And I recognize Mr. Inglis to present his 

opening remarks. 

Mr. INGLIS. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. I look forward to this 

markup, and today we will mark up two bills that address two vital 

needs in pursuit of our energy security: energy efficiency and energy storage. 

The Department of Energy’s Industrial Technologies Program 

has a successful track record of helping U.S. manufactures transVerDate Aug 31 2005 00:47 Oct 25, 2007 Jkt 069006 PO 00000 Frm 00016 Fmt 6604 Sfmt 6601 E:\HR\OC\HR402.XXX HR402

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late research and development into efficient, cost-saving technologies. By reauthorizing this program, the Industrial Energy Efficiency Research and Development Act, H.R. 3775, will support our 

nation’s industries in achieving energy efficiency while remaining 

economically competitive. It is very important that we direct this 

program to prioritize its efficiency efforts, targeting industry sectors, not individual businesses, where we can attain the best emissions reductions for our buck. 

While energy efficiency reduces our total consumption of foreign 

oil and gas, energy-storage progress will encourage development of 

clean, renewable energy sources. H.R. 3776, the Energy Storage 

Technology Advancement Act, can help promote consistent and stable energy supply from renewable sources. That is a big hurdle, but 

it is one we can’t clear soon enough. 

Finally, we shall be marking up the bill H.R. 1834, the National 

Ocean Exploration Program Act. Marine scientists tell us that we 

haven’t come close to tapping the resources available to us in and 

under our oceans. I hope that the bill we markup today steers research dollars to those fact-finding projects so that we might, one 

day, reap the benefits of our hidden oceanic resources. 

Thank you again, Mr. Chairman, and I look forward to working 

with you to advance this legislation. 

[The prepared statement of Mr. Inglis follows:] 

PREPARED STATEMENT OF REPRESENTATIVE BOB INGLIS

Thank you for holding this markup, Mr. Chairman. 

Today we’ll mark up two bills that address two vital needs in our pursuit of energy security: energy efficiency and energy storage. 

The Department of Energy’s Industrial Technologies Program (ITP) has a successful track record of helping U.S. manufacturers translate research and development 

into efficient, cost-saving technologies. By reauthorizing this program, the Industrial 

Energy Efficiency Research and Development Act (H.R. 3775) will support our nation’s industries in achieving energy efficiency while remaining economically competitive. It is very important that we direct this program to prioritize its efficiency 

efforts, targeting industry sectors (not individual businesses) where we can attain 

the best emissions reductions for our buck 

While energy efficiency reduces our total consumption of foreign oil and gas, energy storage progress will encourage development of clean, renewable energy 

sources. H.R. 3776, the Energy Storage Technology Advancement Act can help promote consistent and stable energy supply from renewable sources. That’s a big hurdle, but it’s one we can’t clear soon enough. 

Finally, we’ll be marking up the H.R. 1834, the National Ocean Exploration Program Act. Marine scientists tell us that we haven’t come close to tapping the resources available to us in and under our oceans. I hope that the bill we markup 

today steers research dollars to those ‘‘fact-finding’’ projects, so that humanity might 

one day reap the benefits of our hidden oceanic resources. 

Thank you again, Mr. Chairman, and I look forward to working with you to advance this legislation. 

Chairman LAMPSON. Thank you, Mr. Inglis. Without objection, 

Members may place statements in the record at this point. 

We will now consider H.R. 3776, the Energy Storage Technology 

Advancement Act of 2007. 

I yield to the distinguished Chair of the Science and Technology 

Committee, Mr. Gordon, for five minutes to describe his bill. 

Chairman GORDON. Mr. Chairman, I think you did a good job 

earlier, and since you have a full agenda, I will waive that right, 

but I would like to say thank you, to you, to Ranking Member Inglis, to the Members of this committee and to your staff. I don’t 


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think there has been a more productive subcommittee in Congress. 

You have really knocked it out this year, and I know it has been 

a fast pace for all of you, and I thank you for that. The last two 

energy bills, in the midst of the final discussion with energy, will 

make us more relevant on those two subjects, and I also compliment you on reaching out to Mr. Saxton, not a Member of this 

committee, but a good idea is a good idea, and I am glad that you 

could include that. 

Chairman LAMPSON. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. I appreciate that 

very much, and I will recognize Mr. Inglis to present any remarks 

on the bill. 

Mr. INGLIS. Mr. Chairman, just to make sure this clear on the 

record, it appears that the version in front of us today has a bill 

number added to it, which was not in the discussion draft circulated. I want to make sure that the version we are using is identical to the introduced version, in order to prevent any confusion 

moving forward. Is the October 4, 2007, 2:05 p.m., version identical 

to the version that was introduced? 

Chairman LAMPSON. It is. 

Mr. INGLIS. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. 

Chairman LAMPSON. Does anyone else wish to be recognized on 

this legislation? Ms. Biggert. 

Ms. BIGGERT. Thank you, Mr. Chairman, I move to strike the 

last word. 

Chairman LAMPSON. You are recognized for five minutes. 

Ms. BIGGERT. Thank you. I just wanted to offer a suggestion, and 

hopefully, this is something we can work on between now and the 

Full Committee markup. After reviewing an early draft of this bill, 

scientists at Argonne pointed out that hydrogen can be an energystorage medium, just like compressed air or flywheels. Solar, wind, 

and renewable could be used to produce hydrogen through electrolysis, hydrogen that is later used by fuel cells to produce electricity, and that is why they recommended that we include hydrogen systems in the Applied Energy Storage Research Program created in Section 5 of this bill. 

I think this is a good suggestion that the Committee should consider, and it would appear to be consistent with other provisions 

in the bill. For instance, the fuel-cell industry is listed as one of 

the stakeholders eligible to participate in the energy-storage system demonstration, authorized by Section 6 of the bill. It only 

makes sense that we include hydrogen as one of the energy-storage 

mediums that should be the focus of the applied energy-storage 

R&D program. 

I would ask if the Chairman would work with me between now 

and the Full Committee markup to figure out how best to include 

hydrogen systems in the research program created by the bill. 

Chairman GORDON. If the gentlelady will yield, this committee 

has been very interested in hydrogen. Ranking Member Inglis and 

Lipinski have an H–Prize bill, and we have encouraged that research at the Department of Energy, and they are doing a lot research there. Certainly, this is first impression, this discussion 

now, but we would like to hear your thoughts, and anything that 

can be productive. We would like to make a good bill, you know, 

a better bill, so we would love to hear your thoughts on it. 


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Ms. BIGGERT. All right. I thank you, and I would—— Chairman GORDON. If I could, I will say one more thing. I also 

want to thank Ranking Member Hall. A lot of what we are doing 

here is based on his good advice and suggestions from earlier, so 

he has played a large role in this bill, and I yield back. 

Ms. BIGGERT. Thank you. I appreciate your comments and would 

yield back the balance of my time. 

Chairman LAMPSON. Thank you, Ms. Biggert. Does anyone else 

wish to be recognized? Mr. McNerney. 

Mr. MCNERNEY. Thank you, Mr. Chairman, I just want to put 

my strong support in for this bill. It has both basic research and 

applied research at the federal level, which is very important. Energy storage will make us more competitive, but it will also help 

us end our dependence on foreign oil by making broad use of renewable energy that is intermittent and will provide us the tools 

to deal with global warming. So I think it is a very important step 

in the right direction, and I strongly support it. 

Chairman LAMPSON. Thank you. I understand you are involved 

in some of that stuff, learning more about it. 

Anyone else wish to be recognized? If not, I ask unanimous consent that the bill is considered as read and open to amendment at 

any point, and that the Members proceed with the amendments in 

the order of the roster. Without objection, it is so ordered. 

No amendments? All right. Seeing how there are no—well, let me 

ask. Are there any amendments anyone has? Hearing none, the 

vote is on the bill H.R. 3776, Energy Storage Technology Advancement of 2007. All those in favor, say aye. Those opposed, no. In the 

opinion of the Chair, the ayes have it. 

I recognize Mr. McNerney to offer a motion. 

Mr. MCNERNEY. Mr. Chairman, I move that the Committee favorably report H.R. 3776 to the Full Committee. Furthermore, I 

move that the staff be instructed to prepare the Subcommittee legislative report and make necessary technical and conforming 

changes to the bill, in accordance with the recommendations of the 

Subcommittee. 

Chairman LAMPSON. Now, the question is on the motion to report 

the bill favorably. Those in favor of the motion will signify by saying aye; those opposed, no. The ayes have it, and the bill is favorably reported. 

Without objection, the motion to reconsider is laid upon the table. 

Subcommittee Members may submit additional or Minority views 

on the measure. 

I want to thank the Members for their attendance. This concludes our Subcommittee markup. We are adjourned. Thank you. 

[Whereupon, at 2:25 p.m., the Subcommittee was adjourned.] 


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Appendix: 

H.R. 3776, SECTION-BY-SECTION OF DRAFT LEGISLATION


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SECTION-BY-SECTION OF THE DRAFT LEGISLATION

Energy Storage Technology Advancement Act of 2007 

Section 1—Short Title 

‘‘Energy Storage Technology Advancement Act of 2007’’

Section 2—Definitions 

Section 3—Energy Storage System Program 

Authorizes program for research, development and demonstration of energy storage systems to be carried out by the Secretary of Energy. 

Section 4—Basic Research Program 

Authorizes basic research in areas such as materials, electrolytes, and thermal behavior. $50 million authorized for each of the fiscal years 2009–2014. 

Section 5—Applied Research Program 

Authorizes applied research in areas such as batteries, other energy storage technologies, and new manufacturing technologies for these devices. $80 million authorized for each of the fiscal years 2009–2014. 

Section 6—Energy Storage Systems Demonstrations 

Authorizes six large scale demonstrations of electricity storage to meet specific 

goals such as integrating renewable energy technologies into electric power supply. 

Such sums authorized for each of the fiscal years 2009–2014. 

Section 7—Transportation Energy Storage Demonstrations 

Authorizes demonstrations in areas such as advanced vehicle battery technologies 

and related components, and new manufacturing technologies for these devices. 

Such sums authorized for each of the fiscal years 2009–2014. 

Section 8—Cost Sharing 

Requires cost sharing to be carried out in accordance with EPACT 2005 section 

988. 


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XXII. PROCEEDINGS OF THE FULL COMMITTEE MARKUP ON H.R. 3776, THE ENERGY STORAGE TECHNOLOGY ADVANCEMENT ACT OF 2007 

TUESDAY, OCTOBER 16, 2007 

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, Washington, DC. 

The Committee met, pursuant to call, at 10:07 a.m., in Room 

2318 of the Rayburn House Office Building, Hon. Bart Gordon 

[Chairman of the Committee] presiding. 

Chairman GORDON. Good morning, everyone. Pursuant to notice 

the Committee on Science and Technology meets to consider the 

following measures; H.R. 3776, the Energy Storage Technology Advancement Act of 2007, and H.R. 3775, the Industrial Energy Efficiency Research and Development Act of 2007. 

We will put the Committee on notice. We originally also were 

going to deal with a bill from Mr. Sexton today, but apparently it 

is not ready, and we will be doing it next week. So I assume everybody is working, and we will get that ready to go. 

We will now proceed with the markup, and I will begin with a 

brief statement. Today the Science and Technology Committee will 

consider two bills. The first is the Energy Storage Technology Advancement Act, H.R. 3776, and I would like to thank my friend, 

Ranking Member Hall, for his interest in this important issue and 

the work he and his staff have put into the bill. 

H.R. 3776 includes provisions from a bill Mr. Hall introduced 

earlier this year, and I am glad we could incorporate that into it. 

I will offer a Manager’s amendment to H.R. 3776, which makes 

some technical changes and other improvements to the bill, and I 

would like to thank Mr. Hall, Ms. Biggert, Mr. Inglis, and their 

staffs for working with us to develop the amendment. 

The second bill we will markup today is the Industrial Energy 

Efficiency Research and Development Act, H.R. 3775. 

H.R. 3775 was introduced by Energy and Environment Subcommittee Chairman Nick Lampson. I understand Chairman 

Lampson and Ranking Member Inglis have worked together on a 

Manager’s amendment that will make several changes to the introduced legislation. 

And I am glad to see the Committee tackle such and important 

and under-served area as this, and I know Mr. Lampson has 

worked hard with the industry, universities, DOE, and the minority to make this a good bill. 


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I now recognize Mr. Hall to present his opening remarks. 

[The prepared statement of Chairman Gordon follows:] 

PREPARED STATEMENT OF CHAIRMAN BART GORDON

Today, the Science and Technology Committee will consider two bills. 

The first is the Energy Storage Technology Advancement Act, H.R. 3776 which I 

introduced last week. 

I would like to thank my friend from Texas, Ranking Member Hall, for his interest in this important issue and the work he and his staff put into this bill. H.R. 

3776 includes provisions from a bill Mr. Hall introduced earlier this year, and I am 

glad we could incorporate them. 

Advancing the field of energy storage technologies brings with it several environmental, economic and security-related benefits, and it is critical that the U.S. build 

up and maintain a competitive industrial capability in this sector. 

Establishing an aggressive research program to is vital to advancing the development and deployment of energy storage technologies for use in electric drive vehicles 

and stationary applications that improve operation of our electricity delivery system. 

I will offer a Manager’s amendment to H.R. 3776 which makes some technical 

changes and other improvements to the bill. I would like to thank Mr. Hall, Mrs. 

Biggert, Mr. Inglis and their staffs for working with us to develop the amendment. 

The second bill we will markup today is the Industrial Energy Efficiency Research 

and Development Act, H.R. 3775. 

H.R. 3775 was introduced by Energy and Environment Subcommittee Chairman 

Nick Lampson. I understand Chairman Lampson and Ranking Member Inglis have 

worked together on a Manager’s amendment that will make several changes to the 

introduced legislation. 

I am glad to see the Committee tackle such an important and under-served area 

as this, and I know Mr. Lampson has worked hard with industry, universities, DOE, 

and the Minority to make this a good bill. 

Mr. HALL. Thank you, Mr. Chairman, and I would like to add my 

support to the two bills that we are marking up today. Both of 

them work towards efficiently using our country’s energy resources. 

The Industrial Energy Efficiency Research and Development Act 

will reinforce the good work the Department of Energy is currently 

doing in the Industrial Technologies Program to help American 

companies lower their use of energy in the production of their products and in the running of their plants and their businesses, which 

is very important. 

The Energy Storage Technology Advancement Act will also help 

our country use energy more efficiently in that it establishes a program at the Department of Energy to develop energy storage devices for stationary and vehicular applications. 

This will allow our country to utilize renewable energy sources 

to the maximum extent possible and allow for traditional generation to become even more efficient as energy storage devices will 

reduce the need for inefficient and expensive power plants to be 

ramped up during times of high energy demand. 

The bill, Mr. Chairman, will also help pave the way toward the 

development of plug-in hybrid vehicles by furthering research on 

the storage system necessary to make the vehicles a viable, widespread transportation option. 

I introduced similar energy storage legislation earlier this year. 

Mr. Chairman, I really want to thank you for including a lot of my 

language in the version that is before us today. 

And I yield back my time. 

[The prepared statement of Mr. Hall follows:] 


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PREPARED STATEMENT OF REPRESENTATIVE RALPH M. HALL

Mr. Chairman, I would like to add my support to the two bills we are marking 

up today. Both of them work towards efficiently using our country’s energy resources. The Industrial Energy Efficiency Research and Development Act will reinforce the good work the Department of Energy is currently doing in the Industrial 

Technologies Program to help American companies lower their use of energy in the 

production of their products and in the running of their plants and businesses. 

The Energy Storage Technology Advancement Act will also help our country use 

energy more efficiently in that it establishes a program at the Department of Energy to develop energy storage devices for stationary and vehicular applications. 

This will allow our country to utilize renewable energy sources to the maximum extent possible and allow for traditional generation to become even more efficient as 

energy storage devices will reduce the need for inefficient and expensive power 

plants to be ramped up during times of high energy demand. The bill will also help 

pave the way toward the development of plug-in hybrid vehicles by furthering research on the storage systems necessary to make the vehicles a viable, widespread 

transportation option. 

I introduced similar energy storage legislation earlier this year, and I would like 

to thank Chairman Gordon for including much of my language in this version before 

us today. 

I yield back the balance of my time. 

Chairman GORDON. Thank you, Mr. Hall, and now without objection Members may place statements in the record at this point. 

We will now consider H.R. 3776, Energy Storage Technology Advancement Act of 2007. I yield myself five minutes to describe the 

bill. 

As we learned at the Subcommittee hearing, advances in energy 

storage technologies offer a number of economic, environmental, 

and security benefits, including greater efficiency and reliability of 

the electricity delivery system, better integration of renewable energy supplies and less reliance on conventional transportation 

fuels. 

My bill authorizes basic and applied energy storage research programs of the Department of Energy which largely adopts language 

from a bill Mr. Hall introduced earlier this year. The basic research 

is authorized at $50 million for each fiscal year and applied research is authorized at $80 million for each fiscal year. 

In addition, the bill authorizes a program of demonstrations of 

stationary energy storage technologies, with goals such as improving security for emergency response infrastructure, addressing 

management of overloaded lines, and improving liability of energy 

supply in rural communities. 

The second demonstration program focuses on advancements in 

storage technologies for vehicles, with additional focus on on-board 

energy management and cooling systems, ways to reduce manufacturing costs, and integration of vehicles with the electricity grid 

and smart metering technology. 

Finally H.R. 3776 includes a 50/50 federal, non-federal cost arrangement for both stationary and vehicular demonstration programs. 

I believe this is a good bill because it authorizes important research and development programs on energy storage technologies 

and expands on this research to demonstrate promising storage 

technologies which have potential to significantly change how we 

manage our energy consumption while diversifying our energy supplies. And I ask for your support on its passage. 


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I now recognize Mr. Hall to present any remarks that he might 

have on the bill. 

Mr. HALL. I can’t find what they have written for me to say. 

Chairman GORDON. Well, that was a very good summary. 

Does anyone else wish to be recognized? 

Mr. McNerney. 

Mr. MCNERNEY. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. I just want to say 

that I see this as a very important part of our energy future. We 

need to do a couple of things here. We need to break our dependence on foreign oil, and we need to develop new sources of energy. 

We need to cut down greenhouse gas emissions, and this will help 

us in all three of those endeavors. 

So I give strong support for this bill, and I urge my colleagues 

to do the same. 

Chairman GORDON. Would anyone else like to be recognized? 

I will say for the ones of you that were not at the hearing, this 

really is great potential, and I am excited that we can be a part 

of this. 

Also, that we are getting this out early enough, and I know that 

we have pressed staff on both sides, but we are getting this out 

early enough that I think it could be part of an energy bill later 

on, and it will be a very good part of that. 

So I ask unanimous consent that the bill is considered as read 

and open to amendment at any point and that the Members proceed with the amendments in the order of the roster. 

Without objection, so ordered. 

The first amendment on the roster is the Chairman’s amendment 

offered by the Chair. The Clerk will report the amendment. 

The CLERK. Amendment to H.R. 3776 offered by Mr. Gordon of 

Tennessee. 

Chairman GORDON. I ask unanimous consent to dispense with 

the reading. 

Without objection, so ordered. 

I recognize myself for five minutes to explain the amendment. 

My amendment makes a number of technical changes that includes some additional definitions to clarify the bill. For example, 

the amendment broadens the purpose section of the bill so that it 

more accurately reflects the full scope of the bill. In carrying out 

the research activities in the bill, the Department is instructed to 

fund work with industry and academia, in addition to work in the 

National labs. 

The amendment also strikes a specific number of demonstration 

projects in Section 6 as suggested by the Department of Energy, 

leaving the number of projects carried out at the discretion of the 

Secretary of Energy. In addition, the amendment creates a research program focused on secondary applications and disposal of 

used batteries from electric vehicles. 

The amendment also adds a new section to assure that the Secretary coordinates the Department’s activities under this bill with 

other relevant Department and federal research programs. It requires a merit review process in accordance with the 2005 Energy 

Policy Act. 

Finally, the amendment specifically authorizes $30 million for 

both demonstration programs and again, I would like to thank Mr. 


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Hall, Ms. Biggert, Mr. Inglis, and their staffs for work on this 

amendment, as I do believe passage makes H.R. 3776 a better bill 

and urge my colleagues to support this amendment. 

Is there further discussion on the amendment? 

Mr. HALL. Mr. Chairman. 

Chairman GORDON. Yes. Mr. Hall is recognized. 

Mr. HALL. I certainly see the Manager’s amendment strives to 

make improvements as you have pointed out, and we support these 

improvements. 

Chairman GORDON. Thank you, Mr. Hall. Let me once again say 

your earlier work was a great help in the base product here, and 

this, if anything, this clearly is a very much of a joint bipartisan 

bill, and I appreciate the way our staffs have worked together on 

it. 

Is there anyone else have any comments? 

If no, the vote occurs on the amendment. All in favor, say aye. 

Those opposed, no. The ayes have it. The amendment is agreed to. 

The second amendment on the roster is offered by the gentleman 

from South Carolina, Mr. Inglis. Are you prepared to proceed? Mr. 

Inglis is well represented, so Ms. Biggert, are you ready to proceed? 

The Clerk will report the amendment. 

The CLERK. Amendment to H.R. 3776 offered by Mr. Inglis of 

South Carolina and Ms. Biggert of Illinois. 

Chairman GORDON. I ask unanimous consent to dispense with 

the reading. 

Without objection, so ordered. 

The gentlelady is recognized for five minutes to explain her 

amendment. 

The staff will make a note of that. Larry, we need to get that 

fixed. Thanks. 

Ms. BIGGERT. Thank you, Mr. Chairman, and thank you for 

working with Mr. Inglis and me on this amendment. 

As I mentioned at the Subcommittee markup of this bill last 

week, I asked scientists at Argonne National Lab to review an 

early draft of this bill, and they pointed out that hydrogen can be 

an efficient energy storage medium just like compressed air or 

flywheels. Solar wind and renewables could be used to produce hydrogen through electrolysis, hydrogen that is later used by fuel 

cells to produce electricity. 

Based on their recommendation this amendment would enable 

the Department of Energy to support research related to the use 

of hydrogen as an energy storage medium through the Applied Energy Storage Research Program created in Section 5 of this bill. 

At the same time we have made sure this research is focused on 

hydrogen as an energy storage medium and doesn’t duplicate work 

already underway as part of the Department’s Hydrogen and Fuel 

Cell Programs. Hydrogen has so much potential to not only transform how we produce and use energy but also how we store energy. 

This amendment recognizes that potential and makes an investment in the research and development needed to realize that potential. 

If we can develop technologies to safely, efficiently, and economically store energy so much of our future energy demand could be 

met without expanding energy supplies or investing in new energy 


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infrastructure, and I want, again, I want to thank the Chairman 

for supporting this amendment. 

I also want to commend Ranking Member Hall for the energy 

storage provisions in his Energy for America Bill, which served as 

a basis for many of the provisions in this bill before us today. 

And finally, the Ranking Member of the Energy and Environmental Subcommittee, Mr. Inglis, I am sorry that he is not here, 

because I know he would, he has a lot to say about hydrogen, and 

but we both share a strong interest in hydrogen and energy research, and I enjoyed working with him on this amendment. 

So I would yield back the balance of my time at this time. 

Chairman GORDON. Thank you. Is there further discussion on 

the amendment? 

If no, the vote occurs on the amendment. All in favor, say aye. 

Opposed, no. The ayes have it. The amendment is agreed to. 

Are there other amendments? If no, then the vote is on the bill, 

H.R. 3776, as amended. All those in favor, say aye. Opposed, no. 

In the opinion of the Chair the ayes have it. 

I now recognize Mr. Hall for a motion. 

Mr. HALL. I move that the Committee favorably report H.R. 3776 

as amended to the House with the recommendation the bill is 

amended. Furthermore, I move that the staff be instructed to prepare the legislative report, make necessary technical and conforming changes, and that the Chairman take all necessary steps 

to bring the bill before the House for consideration. 

Chairman GORDON. The question on the motion to report the bill 

favorably, those in favor of the motion will signify by saying aye. 

Opposed, no. The ayes have it, and the bill is favorably reported. 

Without objection the motion to reconsider is laid upon the table. 

The Members will have two subsequent calendar days in which to 

submit supplemental, Minority, or additional views on the measure 

ending Friday, October the 19th at 9:00 a.m. 

I move pursuant to Clause 1 of Rule 22 of the Rules of the House 

of Representatives that the Committee authorize the Chairman to 

offer such motions as may be necessary in the House to adopt and 

pass H.R. 3776, the Energy Storage Technology Advancement Act of 

2007, as amended. 

Without objection, so ordered. 

Before we take up the next amendment, with that unanimous 

consent I would like to just take a moment, because since we have 

a good number of folks here, the first part of January we intend 

to have a fact-finding trip to the South Pole. I want to go ahead 

and give you notes because sometimes this stuff gets through the 

mail a little bit late. 

For those of you that haven’t been there, it is really, I think, one 

of the most memorable experiences and important experiences for 

this committee. Because there have been a number of folks that 

have expressed interest, we are limited to only ten bunks, if you 

will, there at the South Pole. Spouses will be able to go, but they 

will have to stay in New Zealand at that time, and there will be 

some other reviews along the way there. 

And so because we are limited, we have decided to give first priority to those folks that have not been, and I feel like the Chairman should be a leader in that. I have been, although some time 


hmoore on PRODPC68 with HMRPT
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ago, as I told you. Those were, I guess, ten memorable days with 

Mr. Sensenbrenner. 

Mr. HALL. Mr. Chairman. 

Chairman GORDON. Yes, Mr. Hall. 

Mr. HALL. I always wanted to go but not much, and I yield my 

two bunks to Mr. Sensenbrenner. 

Chairman GORDON. Well, since I have been, then I am going to 

be on the wait list, and Mr. Costello will lead that delegation. We 

are trying to get coordinated with the January schedule, which I 

know we are all interested in. 

Well, I have some insight which doesn’t mean that it is accurate, 

but it is likely that we are going to come back in, I think it is something like the 16th or something. I believe it is the 22nd, Tuesday 

is the State of the Union, the Monday before that is Martin Luther 

King Day, so you know, it puts us into that previous week. And so 

hopefully it will be the latter part of the week. 

With that said, we also have limitations on when they can take 

us down there. Our limitation puts us in that first week in January, which means that there will probably be a travel time over the 

New Year’s Eve, just for you to know. We hopefully will get this 

out to you very specifically very soon, but I wanted to give you 

some heads up on that. 

Mr. Chandler is always a great resource in suggesting places for 

this Committee to go. Let me say to all of you that if you have any 

recommendations or suggestions, what we are, this will be a longer 

trip, and again, for your purposes, it takes, you know, 10 days to 

12 or 13 days. We have been trying to look at those things where 

you can take long weekends after votes on Thursday, back, you 

know, on a Monday or Tuesday, which better allows us to get a 

plane where some of the other committees can take, you know, the 

August recess. And if you do that, you wait very long to find out 

whether you can go, and it is hard to make plans. 

And I guess Mr. Neugebauer, just to follow up, from what I know 

on scheduling as we all know we will probably be in session in December, but it looks like it is going to be a Tuesday night to Thursday afternoon, only trying to do conferences, reports, and appropriations. 

So that will be somewhat, and hopefully, you know, maybe two 

weeks. I don’t know. That is a whole other matter. If you act right, 

maybe we can get out sooner. 

That is the information that I have. Does anyone have anything 

they want to relate since we are here in family before we move to 

the next bill? 

Mr. Lampson. 

Mr. LAMPSON. Mr. Chairman, you had also mentioned some time 

ago the possibility of a Science Committee trip to the global warming meeting that is going to be held in December. You want to say 

something about it and let people be thinking? 

Chairman GORDON. Yes. There will be a follow up to global 

warming hearing. It is going to be in Bali. I think Mr. Sensenbrenner is making plans to go. There, I think there is going to be 

a leadership plane or two, but we could make arrangements for individuals to go. But let me tell you, they are expecting 10,000 people. Now, I have never been to Bali, but it would seem to me that 


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10,000 people is a lot of folks over there, so that if you have an interest in this, you need to let us know, and your office has received 

at least one or two communications. You need to let us know pretty 

quickly, and again, we are somewhat hostage to how long we are 

going to be in session. 

Let us see. Can someone tell me when that first date is? Okay. 

The first week, Mr. Sensenbrenner says that it will be, I guess, the 

first and second week of December, the first week is just sort of the 

rigmarole, and the second week is when you really get into some 

of the substance. So it is a little bit awkward in terms of timing, 

but we will sort of work with anybody on that. 

Mr. AKIN. Mr. Chairman. 

Chairman GORDON. Yes, Mr. Akin. 

Mr. AKIN. Just as a little advertisement, on having been on a fair 

number of different codels, the very best one I was ever on was the 

South Pole trip. So if anybody has not done it, there is a bunch of 

other things to go along with just going to the South Pole and the 

overall package. If you have any interest in earth science or science 

at all, it is just a fantastic trip. 

Chairman GORDON. Yes. It really opens your eyes. I mean, it is, 

you will see things you have never seen, and they are very relevant 

to this committee’s jurisdiction. 

Let me thank the Members for being here today. This is a good 

showing. These are two good bills, and they are really going to 

make us relevant in this, our Energy Bill, and I hope that all of 

you will go home and take credit for these, because these are well 

thought-out bipartisan bills. And now the Committee, unless there 

is, anyone else has any remarks, suggestions for today. If not, the 

Committee concludes. 

[Whereupon, at 10:35 a.m., the Committee was adjourned.] 


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Appendix: 

SUBCOMMITTEE MARKUP REPORT, AMENDMENT ROSTER


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SUBCOMMITTEE ON ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT 

REPORT FROM SUBCOMMITTEE MARKUP 

OCTOBER 10, 2007 

H.R. 3776, the Energy Storage Technology Advancement Act 

of 2007 

I. Purpose 

The purpose of this bill is to provide for research, development, and demonstration programs to accelerate the development of advanced energy storage systems for 

vehicular, stationary, and electricity transmission and distribution applications, and 

support the ability of the United States to remain globally competitive in this field. 

II. Background and Need for Legislation 

Stationary Storage Technologies 

Today, electricity is generated as it is used, with very little being stored for later 

use. Though this system has worked for decades, it is not an efficient means of managing the electric power supply. Demand for electric power varies greatly throughout the day and throughout the year. Therefore, the electricity supply system must 

be sized to generate and transmit enough electricity to meet the maximum anticipated demand, or peak demand. The inefficiency of this system becomes evident 

when considering that peak electricity demand for any given year could be for a very 

short period of time—a few days or even hours—leaving considerable excess generation capacity. Rather than maintain massive generation systems that are designed 

around a short-lived peak demand, energy storage technologies would provide a 

means to stockpile energy for later use, and consequently reduce the need to generate more power during times of peak electricity demand. Optimally, energy storage systems could be charged at night during off-peak consumption hours, and then 

discharge the energy during times of peak demand. Using existing generation capacity at night time to store energy for use during the day is more efficient, cheaper, 

helps to equalize the demand load, and ease the strain on the electricity grid. 

The expanded use of energy storage would also help to avoid capital intensive upgrades of transmission and distribution facilities, as well as reduce the need to run 

certain generation plants that may have higher operating costs and/or have a poor 

emissions profile. Energy storage also can improve electricity reliability and energy 

security by providing an alternate source of power during an outage of the primary 

power source. 

Advances in energy storage technologies are often regarded as key to increasing 

the reliability and widespread use of many renewable energy technologies. Renewables such as wind and solar produce electricity only when wind speeds are high 

enough and sunlight is bright enough to generate power. Strategically distributed 

storage would permit electricity from these renewable sources to be stored and used 

during times of high demand or low resource availability. 

Smaller energy storage systems may also be deployed in distributed stationary applications, such as residences or neighborhoods, in order to supply back-up energy 

and level the load on the electric grid. Advances in smaller energy storage systems, 

specifically batteries, may also allow for entirely new vehicles such as plug-in hybrid 

vehicle technologies to enter the mass market. 

Energy Storage Technologies for Vehicles 

Concerns about energy independence and climate change have caused a renewed 

interest in enhancing the role of electricity in the transportation sector. The benefits 

of this have been seen to some degree in the rise in popularity of Hybrid Electric 

Vehicles (HEV) because of their high fuel efficiency and lower emissions. Switching 

vehicles’ primary energy source from petroleum-based fuels to electric batteries reduces overall consumption of conventional liquid fuels. Additionally, several recent 

studies have shown that, regardless of its source, electricity used as a vehicle fuel 

reduces greenhouse gas emissions. However, greater electrification of the vehicles 

sector is constrained by the technological limits of energy storage technologies used 

in conventional hybrids, specifically the Nickel Metal Hydride (NiMH) batteries. 

Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEV’s) are seen by some as the next logical 

step towards greater electrification of the transportation sector, and the eventual 

move towards market acceptance of all-electric drive vehicles. PHEV’s allow for electricity to be used as an additional or even primary source of power for a vehicle, 


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with a secondary role for the gasoline engine as a back-up power system. Advocates 

claim that 100 miles per gallon would be reasonable for PHEV’s, approximately 

twice the gasoline mileage of today’s hybrids. However, current NiMH batteries for 

conventional hybrids are not optimal for this application. 

While significant technological advances are still likely in NiMH, and even the 

ubiquitous Lead Acid batteries, many in the industry believe the future of PHEV’s 

depends on breakthroughs in new battery technologies, such as the lithium ion (LiIon) batteries. To expand the use of electricity in the vehicles sector batteries must 

be smaller, lighter, more powerful, higher energy and cheaper—all of which require 

considerable research and development. Achieving these needed breakthroughs will 

require meaningful federal support and public-private partnerships with a range of 

stakeholders. 

Enhanced federal research and development of advanced energy storage technologies offers a number of economic, environmental and security benefits including 

greater efficiency and reliability in the electricity delivery system, better integration 

of renewable energy supplies into the electric grid, and less reliance on conventional 

transportation fuels. However, significant challenges remain in developing these 

technologies and establishing a viable domestic supply chain. H.R. 3776 authorizes 

the Department of Energy to conduct research and development programs on energy 

storage technologies, and expands this research to the demonstration of promising 

storage technologies and the manufacturing methods to allow for their production 

in the U.S. 

III. Subcommittee Actions 

The Energy and Environment Subcommittee held a hearing on Wednesday, October 3, 2007 to hear testimony on the discussion draft of the bill from the following 

witnesses: 

Panel One: 

• Ms. Patricia Hoffman, Deputy Director, Research and Development, U.S. 

Department of Energy Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability 

• Mr. Brad Roberts, Chairman, Electricity Storage Association 

• Mr. Larry Dickerman, Director, Distribution Engineering Services for 

American Electric Power 

• Mr. Tom Key, Technical Leader, Renewable and Distributed Generations, 

Electric Power Research Institute 

Panel Two: 

• Ms. Lynda Ziegler, Sr. Vice President for Customer Services, Southern California Edison 

• Ms. Denise Gray, Director, Hybrid Energy Storage Systems, General Motors 

• Ms. Mary Ann Wright, Vice President and General Manager, Hybrid Systems for Johnson Controls, Director of Advanced Power Solutions, a Johnson 

Controls and Saft joint venture 

On October 9, 2007, Representative Bart Gordon introduced H.R. 3776, the Energy Storage Technology Advancement Act of 2007. 

The Subcommittee on Energy and Environment met to consider H.R. 3776 on October 10, 2007, with no amendments to the bill. 

Mr. McNerney moved that the Subcommittee favorably report the bill, H.R. 3776, 

to the Full Committee on Science and Technology. The motion was agreed to by a 

voice vote. 

IV. Summary of Major Provisions of the Bill 

H.R. 3776 authorizes $130 million for basic and applied energy storage research 

programs at the Department of Energy for each fiscal year 2009 through 2014, and 

sets guidelines for activities of the programs. The basic research is authorized at 

$50 million for each fiscal year and the applied research is authorized at $80 million 

for each fiscal year. In addition, the bill authorizes the Secretary of Energy to carry 

out six demonstrations of stationary storage technologies aimed at accomplishing 

goals such as improving security for emergency response infrastructure, addressing 

management of overloaded lines and improving reliability of the electricity supply 

in rural communities. The second demonstration program focuses on the application 

of energy storage technologies in the vehicles sector. Such demonstration efforts will 

seek to advance on-board energy management and cooling systems, reduce manufacturing costs and integrate transportation technologies with the electricity distribuVerDate Aug 31 2005 00:47 Oct 25, 2007 Jkt 069006 PO 00000 Frm 00039 Fmt 6602 Sfmt 6621 E:\HR\OC\HR402.XXX HR402

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tion system and smart metering technology. Finally, H.R. 3776 includes a 50/50 federal and non-federal cost share arrangement for both the stationary and vehicular 

demonstration programs. 

V. Section-by-Section Analysis of the Bill, as reported by the Subcommittee 

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE 

‘‘Energy Storage Technology Advancement Act of 2007’’

SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS 

SEC. 3. ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM PROGRAM 

Authorizes program for research, development and demonstration of energy storage systems to be carried out by the Secretary of Energy. 

SEC. 4. BASIC RESEARCH PROGRAM 

Authorizes basic research in areas such as materials, electrolytes, and thermal behavior. $50 million authorized for each of the fiscal years 2009–2014. 

SEC. 5. APPLIED RESEARCH PROGRAM 

Authorizes applied research in areas such as batteries, other energy storage technologies, and new manufacturing technologies for these devices. $80 million authorized for each of the fiscal years 2009–2014. 

SEC. 6. ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEMS DEMONSTRATIONS 

Authorizes six large scale demonstrations of electricity storage to meet specific 

goals such as integrating renewable energy technologies into electric power supply. 

Such sums authorized for each of the fiscal years 2009–2014. 

SEC. 7. TRANSPORTATION ENERGY STORAGE DEMONSTRATIONS 

Authorizes demonstrations in areas such as advanced vehicle battery technologies 

and related components, and new manufacturing technologies for these devices. 

Such sums authorized for each of the fiscal years 2009–2014. 

SEC. 8. COST SHARING 

Requires cost sharing to be carried out in accordance with EPACT 2005 section 

988. 


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