January 12, 2004

APPENDIX B OF PART 60 - PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATIONS * * * * * PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATION 11 - Specifications and Test

Procedures for Particulate Matter Continuous Emission Monitoring Systems at

Stationary Sources 1.0 What are the purpose and applicability of Performance Specification 11? The purpose of Performance Specification 11 (PS-11) is to establish the initial installation and performance procedures that are required for evaluating the acceptability of a particulate matter (PM) continuous emission monitoring system (CEMS); it is not to evaluate the ongoing performance of your PM CEMS over an extended period of time, nor to identify specific calibration techniques and auxiliary procedures to assess CEMS performance. You will find procedures for evaluating the ongoing performance of a PM CEMS in Procedure 2 of Appendix F - Quality Assurance Requirements for Particulate Matter Continuous Emission Monitoring Systems Used at Stationary Sources. 1.1 Under what conditions does PS-11 apply to my PM CEMS? The PS-11 applies to your PM CEMS if you are required by any provision of Title 40 of the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) to install and operate PM CEMS. 1.2 When must I comply with PS-11? You must comply with PS-11 when directed by the applicable rule that requires you to install and operate a PM CEMS. 1.3 What other monitoring must I perform? To report your PM emissions in units of the emission standard, you may need to monitor additional parameters to correct the PM concentration reported by your PM CEMS. Your CEMS may include the components listed in paragraphs (1) through (3) of this section: (1) A diluent monitor (i.e., O 2 , CO 2 , or other CEMS specified in the applicable regulation), which must meet its own performance specifications (also found in this appendix), (2) Auxiliary monitoring equipment to allow measurement, determination, or input of the flue gas temperature, pressure, moisture content, and/or dry volume of stack effluent sampled, and (3) An automatic sampling system. The performance of your PM CEMS and the establishment of its correlation to manual reference method measurements must be determined in units of mass concentration as measured by your PM CEMS (e.g., milligrams per actual cubic meter (mg/acm) ormilligrams per dry standard cubic meter (mg/dscm)).

2.0 What are the basic requirements of PS-11? The PS-11 requires you to perform initial installation and calibration procedures that confirm the acceptability of your CEMS when it is installed and placed into operation. You must develop a site-specific correlation of your PM CEMS response against manual gravimetric reference method measurements (including those made using EPA Methods 5, 5I, or 17). 2.1 What types of PM CEMS technologies are covered? Several different types of PM CEMS technologies (e.g., lightscattering, Beta attenuation, etc.) can be designed with insitu or extractive sample gas handling systems. Each PM CEMS technology and sample gas handling technology has certain site-specific advantages. You should select and install a PM CEMS that is appropriate for the flue gas conditions at your source. 2.2 How is PS-11 different from other performance specifications? The PS-11 is based on a technique of correlating PM CEMS responses relative to emission concentrations determined by the reference method. This technique is called "the correlation." This differs from CEMS used to measure gaseous pollutants that have available calibration gases of known concentration. Because the type and characteristics of PM vary from source to source, a single PM correlation, applicable to all sources, is not possible. 2.3 How are the correlation data handled? You must carefully review your manual reference method data and your PM CEMS responses to include only valid, high-quality data. For the correlation, you must convert the manual reference method data to measurement conditions (e.g., wet or dry basis) that are consistent with your PM CEMS. Then, you must correlate the manual method and PM CEMS data in terms of the output as received from the monitor (e.g., milliamps). At the appropriate PM CEMS response specified in section 13.2 of this performance specification, you must calculate the confidence interval half range and tolerance interval half range as a percentage of the applicable PM concentration emission limit and compare the confidence interval and tolerance interval percentages with the performance criteria. Also, you must calculate the correlation coefficient and compare the correlation coefficient with the applicable performance criterion specified in section 13.2 of this performance specification. Situations may arise where you will need two or more correlations. If you need multiple correlations, you must collect sufficient data for each correlation, and each correlation must satisfy the performance criteria specified insection 13.2 of this performance specification.

2.4 How do I design my PM CEMS correlation program? When planning your PM CEMS correlation effort, you must address each of the items in paragraphs (1) through (7) of this section to enhance the probability of success. You will find each of these elements further described in this performance specification or in the applicable reference method procedure. (1) What type of PM CEMS should I select? You should select a PM CEMS that is appropriate for your source with technical consideration for potential factors such as interferences, site-specific configurations, installation location, flue gas conditions, PM concentration range, and other PM characteristics. You can find guidance on which technology is best suited for specific situations in our report "Current Knowledge of Particulate Matter (PM) Continuous Emission Monitoring" (PM CEMS Knowledge Document, see section 16.5). (2) Where should I install my PM CEMS? Your PM CEMS must be installed in a location that is most representative of PM emissions, as determined by the reference method, such that the correlation between PM CEMS response and emissions determined by the reference method will meet these performance specifications. Care must be taken in selecting a location and measurement point to minimize problems due to flow disturbances, cyclonic flow, and varying PM stratification. (3) How should I record my CEMS data? You need to ensure that your PM CEMS and data logger are set up to collect and record all normal emission levels and excursions. You must ensure that your data logger and PM CEMS have been properly programmed to accept and transfer status signals of valid monitor operation (e.g., flags for internal calibration, suspect data, or maintenance periods). (4) What CEMS data should I review? You must review drift data daily to document proper operation. You must also ensure that any audit material is appropriate for the typical operating range of your PM CEMS. (5) How long should I operate my PM CEMS before conducting the initial correlation test? You should allow sufficient time for your PM CEMS to operate for you to become familiar with your PM CEMS. (i) You should observe PM CEMS response over time during normal and varying process conditions. This will ensure that your PM CEMS has been properly set up to operate at a range that is compatible with the concentrations and characteristics of PM emissions for your source. You should use this information to establish the range of operating conditions necessary to determine the correlations of PM CEMS data tomanual reference method measurements over a wide operating

range. (ii) You must determine the types of process changes that will influence, on a definable and repeatable basis, flue gas PM concentrations and the resulting PM CEMS responses. You may find this period useful to make adjustments to your planned approach for operating your PM CEMS at your source. For instance, you may change the measurement range or batch sampling period to something other than those you initially planned to use. (6) How do I conduct the initial correlation test? When conducting the initial correlation test of your PM CEMS response to PM emissions determined by the reference method, you must pay close attention to accuracy and details. Your PM CEMS must be operating properly. You must perform the manual reference method testing accurately, with attention to eliminating site-specific systemic errors. You must coordinate the timing of the manual reference method testing with the sampling cycle of your PM CEMS. You must complete a minimum of 15 manual reference method tests. You must perform the manual reference method testing over the full range of PM CEMS responses that correspond to normal operating conditions for your source and control device and will result in the widest range of emission concentrations. (7) How should I perform the manual reference method testing? You must perform the manual reference method testing in accordance with specific rule requirements, coordinated closely with PM CEMS and process operations. It is highly recommended that you use paired trains for the manual reference method testing. You must perform the manual reference method testing over a suitable PM concentration range that corresponds to the full range of normal process and control device operating conditions. Because the manual reference method testing for this correlation test is not for compliance reporting purposes, you may conduct the reference method test runs for less than the typical minimum test run duration of 1 hour. (8) What do I do with the manual reference method data and PM CEMS data? You must complete each of the activities in paragraphs (8)(i) through (v) of this section. (i) Screen the manual reference method data for validity (e.g., isokinetics, leak checks), quality assurance, and quality control (e.g., outlier identification). (ii) Screen your PM CEMS data for validity (e.g., daily drift check requirements) and quality assurance (e.g., flagged data). (iii) Convert the manual reference method test data into measurement units (e.g., mg/acm) consistent with themeasurement conditions of your PM CEMS.

(iv) Calculate the correlation equation(s) as specified in section 12.3. (v) Calculate the correlation coefficient, confidence interval half range, and tolerance interval half range for the complete set of PM CEMS and reference method correlation data for comparison with the correlation performance criteria specified in section 13.2. 2.5 What other procedures must I perform? Before conducting the initial correlation test, you must successfully complete a 7-day drift test (See section 8.5). 3.0 What special definitions apply to PS-11? 3.1 "Appropriate Measurement Range of your PM CEMS" means a measurement range that is capable of recording readings over the complete range of your source’s PM emission concentrations during routine operations. The appropriate range is determined during the pretest preparations as specified in section 8.4. 3.2 "Appropriate Data Range for PM CEMS Correlation" means the data range that reflects the full range of your source’s PM emission concentrations recorded by your PM CEMS during the correlation test planning period or other normal operations as defined in the applicable regulations. 3.3 "Batch Sampling" means that gas is sampled on an intermittent basis and concentrated on a collection medium before intermittent analysis and follow-up reporting. Beta gauge PM CEMS are an example of batch sampling devices. 3.4 "Confidence Interval Half Range (CI)" means the statistical term for one-half of the width of the 95 percent confidence interval around the predicated mean PM concentration ( y

value) calculated at the PM CEMS response value ( xvalue) where the confidence interval is narrowest. Procedures for calculating CI are specified in section 12.3(1)(ii) for linear correlations and in section 12.3(2)(ii) for polynomial correlations. The CI as a percent of the emission limit value (CI%) is calculated at the appropriate PM CEMS response value specified in Section 13.2(2). 3.5 "Continuous Emission Monitoring System (CEMS)" means all of the equipment required for determination of PM mass concentration in units of the emission standard. The sample interface, pollutant monitor, diluent monitor, other auxiliary data monitor(s), and data recorder are the major subsystems of your CEMS. 3.6 "Correlation" means the primary mathematical relationship for correlating the output from your PM CEMS to a PM concentration, as determined by the PM reference method. The correlation is expressed in the measurement units that areconsistent with the measurement conditions (e.g., mg/dscm,

mg/acm) of your PM CEMS. 3.7 "Correlation Coefficient ( r )" means a quantitative measure of the association between your PM CEMS outputs and the reference method measurements. Equations for calculating thervalue are provided in section 12.3(1)(iv) for linear correlations and in section 12.3(2)(iv) for polynomial correlations. 3.8 "Cycle Time" means the time required to complete one sampling, measurement, and reporting cycle. For a batch sampling PM CEMS, the cycle time would start when sample gas is first extracted from the stack/duct and end when the measurement of that batch sample is complete and a new result for that batch sample is produced on the data recorder. 3.9 "Data Recorder" means the portion of your CEMS that provides a permanent record of the monitor output in terms of response and status (flags). The data recorder may also provide automatic data reduction and CEMS control capabilities (see section 6.6). 3.10 "Diluent Monitor and Other Auxiliary Data Monitor(s) (if applicable)" means the portion of your CEMS that provides the diluent gas concentration (such as O 2 or CO 2 , as specified by the applicable regulations), temperature, pressure, and/or moisture content, and generates an output proportional to the diluent gas concentration or gas property. 3.11 "Drift Check" means a check of the difference between your PM CEMS output readings and the established reference value of a reference standard or procedure after a stated period of operation during which no unscheduled maintenance, repair, or adjustment took place. The procedures used to determine drift are specific to the operating principles of your specific PM CEMS. A drift check includes both a zero drift check and an upscale drift check. 3.12 "Exponential Correlation" means an exponential equation used to define the relationship between your PM CEMS output and the reference method PM concentration, as indicated by Equation 11-37. 3.13 "Flagged Data" means data marked by your CEMS indicating that the response value(s) from one or more CEMS subsystems is suspect or invalid or that your PM CEMS is not in source-measurement operating mode. 3.14 "Linear Correlation" means a first-order mathematical relationship between your PM CEMS output and the reference method PM concentration that is linear in form, as indicated by Equation 11-3. 3.15 "Logarithmic Correlation" means a first-order mathematical relationship between the natural logarithm ofyour PM CEMS output and the reference method PM concentration

that is linear in form, as indicated by Equation 11-34. 3.16 "Low-Emitting Source" means a source that operated at no more than 50 percent of the emission limit during the most recent performance test, and, based on the PM CEMS correlation, the daily average emissions for the source, measured in the units of the applicable emission limit, have not exceeded 50 percent of the emission limit for any day since the most recent performance test. 3.17 "Paired Trains" means two reference method trains that are used to conduct simultaneous measurements of PM concentrations. Guidance on the use of paired sampling trains can be found in the PM CEMS Knowledge Document (see section 16.5). 3.18 "Polynomial Correlation" means a second-order equation used to define the relationship between your PM CEMS output and reference method PM concentration, as indicated by Equation 11-16. 3.19 "Power Correlation" means an equation used to define a power function relationship between your PM CEMS output and the reference method concentration, as indicated by Equation 11-42. 3.20 "Reference Method" means the method defined in the applicable regulations, but commonly refers to those methods collectively known as EPA Methods 5, 5I, and 17 (for particulate matter), found in Appendix A of 40 CFR 60. Only the front half and dry filter catch portions of the reference method can be correlated to your PM CEMS output. 3.21 "Reference Standard" means a reference material or procedure that produces a known and unchanging response when presented to the pollutant monitor portion of your CEMS. You must use these standards to evaluate the overall operation of your PM CEMS, but not to develop a PM CEMS correlation. 3.22 "Response Time" means the time interval between the start of a step change in the system input and the time when the pollutant monitor output reaches 95 percent of the final value (see sections 6.5 and 13.3 for procedures and acceptance criteria). 3.23 "Sample Interface" means the portion of your CEMS used for one or more of the following: sample acquisition, sample delivery, sample conditioning, or protection of the monitor from the effects of the stack effluent. 3.24 "Sample Volume Check" means a check of the difference between your PM CEMS sample volume reading and the sample volume reference value. 3.25 "Tolerance Interval half range (TI)" means one-half of the width of the tolerance interval with upper and lower limits, within which a specified percentage of the future datapopulation is contained with a given level of confidence, as

defined by the respective tolerance interval half range equations in section 12.3(1)(iii) for linear correlations and in section 12.3(2)(iii) for polynomial correlations. The TI as a percent of the emission limit value (TI%) is calculated at the appropriate PM CEMS response value specified in Section 13.2(3). 3.26 "Upscale Check Value" means the expected response to a reference standard or procedure used to check the upscale response of your PM CEMS. 3.27 "Upscale Drift (UD) Check" means a check of the difference between your PM CEMS output reading and the upscale check value. 3.28 "Zero Check Value" means the expected response to a reference standard or procedure used to check the response of your PM CEMS to particulate-free or low-particulate concentration conditions. 3.29 "Zero Drift (ZD) Check" means a check of the difference between your PM CEMS output reading and the zero check value. 3.30 "Zero Point Correlation Value" means a value added to PM CEMS correlation data to represent low or near zero PM concentration data (see section 8.6 for rationale and procedures). 4.0 Are there any potential interferences for my PM CEMS? Yes, condensible water droplets or condensible acid gas aerosols (i.e., those with condensation temperatures above those specified by the reference method) at the measurement location can be interferences for your PM CEMS if the necessary precautions are not met. 4.1 Where are interferences likely to occur? Interferences may develop if your CEMS is installed downstream of a wet air pollution control system or any other conditions that produce flue gases, which, at your PM CEMS measurement point, normally or occasionally contain entrained water droplets or condensible salts before release to the atmosphere. 4.2 How do I deal with interferences? We recommend that you use a PM CEMS that extracts and heats representative samples of the flue gas for measurement to simulate results produced by the reference method for conditions such as those described in section 4.1. Independent of your PM CEMS measurement technology and extractive technique, you should have a configuration simulating the reference method to ensure that:(1) No formation of new PM or deposition of PM occurs in sample delivery from the stack or duct; and (2) No condensate accumulates in the sample flowmeasurement apparatus.

4.3 What PM CEMS measurement technologies should I use? You should use a PM CEMS measurement technology that is free of interferences from any condensible constituent in the flue gas. 5.0 What do I need to know to ensure the safety of persons using PS-11? People using the procedures required under PS-11 may be exposed to hazardous materials, operations, site conditions, and equipment. This performance specification does not purport to address all of the safety issues associated with its use. It is your responsibility to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicable regulatory limitations before performing these procedures. You must consult your CEMS user’s manual and other reference materials recommended by the reference method for specific precautions to be taken. 6.0 What equipment and supplies do I need? Different types of PM CEMS use different operating principles. You should select an appropriate PM CEMS based on your site-specific configurations, flue gas conditions, and PM characteristics. (1) Your PM CEMS must sample the stack effluent continuously or, for batch sampling PM CEMS, intermittently. (2) You must ensure that the averaging time, the number of measurements in an average, the minimum data availability, and the averaging procedure for your CEMS conform with those specified in the applicable emission regulation. (3) Your PM CEMS must include, as a minimum, the equipment described in sections 6.1 through 6.7. 6.1 What equipment is needed for my PM CEMS’s sample interface? Your PM CEMS’s sample interface must be capable of delivering a representative sample of the flue gas to your PM CEMS. This subsystem may be required to heat the sample gas to avoid PM deposition or moisture condensation, provide dilution air, perform other gas conditioning to prepare the sample for analysis, or measure the sample volume or flow rate. (1) If your PM CEMS is installed downstream of a wet air pollution control system such that the flue gases normally or occasionally contain entrained water droplets, we recommend that you select a sampling system that includes equipment to extract and heat a representative sample of the flue gas for measurement so that the pollutant monitor portion of your CEMS measures only dry PM. Heating should be sufficient to raise the temperature of the extracted flue gas above the water condensation temperature and should be maintained at all times and at all points in the sample line from where the flue gasis extracted, including the pollutant monitor and any sample

flow measurement devices. (2) You must consider the measured conditions of the sample gas stream to ensure that manual reference method test data are converted to units of PM concentration that are appropriate for the correlation calculations. Additionally, you must identify what, if any, additional auxiliary data from other monitoring and handling systems are necessary to convert your PM CEMS response into the units of the PM standard. (3) If your PM CEMS is an extractive type and your source’s flue gas volumetric flow rate varies by more than 10 percent from nominal, your PM CEMS should maintain an isokinetic sampling rate (within 10 percent of true isokinetic). If your extractive-type PM CEMS does not maintain an isokinetic sampling rate, you must use actual site-specific data or data from a similar installation to prove to us, the State, and/or local enforcement agency that isokinetic sampling is not necessary. 6.2 What type of equipment is needed for my PM CEMS? Your PM CEMS must be capable of providing an electronic output that can be correlated to the PM concentration. (1) Your PM CEMS must be able to perform zero and upscale drift checks. You may perform these checks manually, but performing these checks automatically is preferred. (2) We recommend that you select a PM CEMS that is capable of performing automatic diagnostic checks and sending instrument status signals (flags) to the data recorder. (3) If your PM CEMS is an extractive type that measures the sample volume and uses the measured sample volume as part of calculating the output value, your PM CEMS must be able to perform a check of the sample volume to verify the accuracy of the sample volume measuring equipment. The sample volume check must be conducted daily and at the normal sampling rate of your PM CEMS. 6.3 What is the appropriate measurement range for my PM CEMS? Initially, your PM CEMS must be set up to measure over the expected range of your source’s PM emission concentrations during routine operations. You may change the measurement range to a more appropriate range prior to correlation testing. 6.4 What if my PM CEMS does automatic range switching? Your PM CEMS may be equipped to perform automatic range switching so that it is operating in a range most sensitive to the detected concentrations. If your PM CEMS does automatic range switching, you must configure the data recorder to handle the recording of data values in multiple ranges during range-switching intervals. 6.5 What averaging time and sample intervals should beused? Your CEMS must sample the stack effluent such that the

averaging time, the number of measurements in an average, the minimum sampling time, and the averaging procedure for reporting and determining compliance conform with those specified in the applicable regulation. Your PM CEMS must be designed to meet the specified response time and cycle time established in this performance specification (see section 13.3). 6.6 What type of equipment is needed for my data recorder? Your CEMS data recorder must be able to accept and record electronic signals from all the monitors associated with your PM CEMS. (1) Your data recorder must record the signals from your PM CEMS that can be correlated to PM mass concentrations. If your PM CEMS uses multiple ranges, your data recorder must identify what range the measurement was made in and provide range-adjusted results. (2) Your data recorder must accept and record monitor status signals (flagged data). (3) Your data recorder must accept signals from auxiliary data monitors, as appropriate. 6.7 What other equipment and supplies might I need? You may need other supporting equipment as defined by the applicable reference method(s) (see section 7) or as specified by your CEMS manufacturer. 7.0 What reagents and standards do I need? You will need reference standards or procedures to perform the zero drift check, the upscale drift check, and the sample volume check. 7.1 What is the reference standard value for the zero drift check? You must use a zero check value that is no greater than 20 percent of the PM CEMS’s response range. You must obtain documentation on the zero check value from your PM CEMS manufacturer. 7.2 What is the reference standard value for the upscale drift check? You must use an upscale check value that produces a response between 50 and 100 percent of the PM CEMS’s response range. For a PM CEMS that produces output over a range of 4 mA to 20 mA, the upscale check value must produce a response in the range of 12 mA to 20 mA. You must obtain documentation on the upscale check value from your PM CEMS manufacturer. 7.3 What is the reference standard value for the sample volume check? You must use a reference standard value or procedure that produces a sample volume value equivalent to the normal sampling rate. You must obtain documentation on the sample volume value from your PM CEMS manufacturer. 8.0 What performance specification test procedure do Ifollow?

You must complete each of the activities in sections 8.1 through 8.8 for your performance specification test. 8.1 How should I select and set up my equipment? You should select a PM CEMS that is appropriate for your source, giving consideration to potential factors such as flue gas conditions, interferences, site-specific configuration, installation location, PM concentration range, and other PM characteristics. Your PM CEMS must meet the equipment specifications in sections 6.1 and 6.2. (1) You should select a PM CEMS that is appropriate for the flue gas conditions at your source. If your source’s flue gas contains entrained water droplets, we recommend that your PM CEMS include a sample delivery and conditioning system that is capable of extracting and heating a representative sample. (i) Your PM CEMS must maintain the sample at a temperature sufficient to prevent moisture condensation in the sample line before analysis of PM. (ii) If condensible PM is an issue, we recommend that you operate your PM CEMS to maintain the sample gas temperature at the same temperature as the reference method filter. (iii) Your PM CEMS must avoid condensation in the sample flow rate measurement lines. (2) Some PM CEMS do not have a wide measurement range capability. Therefore, you must select a PM CEMS that is capable of measuring the full range of PM concentrations expected from your source from normal levels through the emission limit concentration. (3) Some PM CEMS are sensitive to particle size changes, water droplets in the gas stream, particle charge, stack gas velocity changes, or other factors. Therefore, you should select a PM CEMS appropriate for the emission characteristics of your source. (4) We recommend that you consult your PM CEMS vendor to obtain basic recommendations on the instrument capabilities and setup configuration. You are ultimately responsible for setup and operation of your PM CEMS. 8.2 Where do I install my PM CEMS? You must install your PM CEMS at an accessible location downstream of all pollution control equipment. You must perform your PM CEMS concentration measurements from a location considered representative or be able to provide data that can be corrected to be representative of the total PM emissions as determined by the manual reference method. (1) You must select a measurement location that minimizes problems due to flow disturbances, cyclonic flow, and varying PM stratification (refer to Method 1 for guidance).(2) If you plan to achieve higher emissions for

correlation test purposes by adjusting the performance of the air pollution control device (per section 8.6(4)(i)), you must locate your PM CEMS and reference method sampling points well downstream of the control device (e.g., downstream of the induced draft fan), in order to minimize PM stratification that may be created in these cases. 8.3 How do I select the reference method measurement location and traverse points? You must follow EPA Method 1 for identifying manual reference method traverse points. Ideally, you should perform your manual reference method measurements at locations that satisfy the measurement site selection criteria specified in EPA Method 1 of at least eight duct diameters downstream and at least two duct diameters upstream of any flow disturbance. Where necessary, you may conduct testing at a location that is two diameters downstream and 0.5 diameters upstream of flow disturbances. If your location does not meet the minimum downstream and upstream requirements, you must obtain approval from us to test at your location. 8.4 What are my pretest preparation steps? You must install your CEMS and prepare the reference method test site according to the specifications in sections 8.2 and 8.3. (1) After completing the initial field installation, we recommend that you operate your PM CEMS according to the manufacturer's instructions to familiarize yourself with its operation before you begin correlation testing. (i) During this initial period of operation, we recommend that you conduct daily checks (zero and upscale drift and sample volume, as appropriate), and, when any check exceeds the daily specification (see section 13.1), make adjustments and perform any necessary maintenance to ensure reliable operation. (2) When you are confident that your PM CEMS is operating properly, we recommend that you operate your CEMS over a correlation test planning period of sufficient duration to identify the full range of operating conditions and PM emissions to be used in your PM CEMS correlation test. (i) During the correlation test planning period, you should operate the process and air pollution control equipment over the normal range of operating conditions, except when you attempt to produce higher emissions. (ii) Your data recorder should record PM CEMS response during the full range of routine process operating conditions. (iii) You should try to establish the relationships between operating conditions and PM CEMS response, especially those conditions that produce the highest PM CEMS response over 15-minute averaging periods, and the lowest PM CEMSresponse as well. The objective is to be able to reproduce

the conditions for purposes of the actual correlation testing discussed in section 8.6. (3) You must set the response range of your PM CEMS such that the instrument measures the full range of responses that correspond to the range of source operating conditions that you will implement during correlation testing. (4) We recommend that you perform preliminary reference method testing after the correlation test planning period. During this preliminary testing, you should measure the PM emission concentration corresponding to the highest PM CEMS response observed during the full range of normal operation, when perturbing the control equipment, or as the result of PM spiking. (5) Before performing correlation testing, you must perform a 7-day zero and upscale drift test (see section 8.5). (6) You must not change the response range of the monitor once the response range has been set and the drift test successfully completed. 8.5 How do I perform the 7-day drift test? You must check the zero (or low-level value between 0 and 20 percent of the response range of the instrument) and upscale (between 50 and 100 percent of the instrument’s response range) drift. You must perform this check at least once daily over 7 consecutive days. Your PM CEMS must quantify and record the zero and upscale measurements and the time of the measurements. If you make automatic or manual adjustments to your PM CEMS zero and upscale settings, you must conduct the drift test immediately before these adjustments, or conduct it in such a way that you can determine the amount of drift. You will find the calculation procedures for drift in section 12.1 and the acceptance criteria for allowable drift in section 13.1. (1) What is the purpose of 7-day drift tests? The purpose of the 7-day drift test is to demonstrate that your system is capable of operating in a stable manner and maintaining its calibration for at least a 7-day period. (2) How do I conduct the 7-day drift test? To conduct the 7-day drift test, you must determine the magnitude of the drift once each day, at 24-hour intervals, for 7 consecutive days while your source is operating normally. (i) You must conduct the 7-day drift test at the two points specified in section 8.5. You may perform the 7-day drift tests automatically or manually by introducing to your PM CEMS suitable reference standards (these need not be certified) or by using other appropriate procedures. (ii) You must record your PM CEMS zero and upscale response and evaluate them against the zero check value andupscale check value.

(3) When must I conduct the 7-day drift test? You must complete a valid 7-day drift test before attempting the correlation test. 8.6 How do I conduct my PM CEMS correlation test? You must conduct the correlation test according to the procedure given in paragraphs (1) through (5) of this section. If you need multiple correlations, you must conduct sufficient testing and collect at least 15 pairs of reference method and PM CEMS data for calculating each separate correlation. (1) You must use the reference method for PM (usually EPA Methods 5, 5I, or 17) that is prescribed by the applicable regulations. You may need to perform other reference methods or performance specifications (e.g., Method 3 for oxygen, Method 4 for moisture, etc.) depending on the units in which your PM CEMS reports PM concentration. (i) We recommend that you use paired reference method trains when collecting manual PM data to identify and screen the reference method data for imprecision and bias. Procedures for checking reference method data for bias and precision can be found in the PM CEMS Knowledge Document (see section 16.5). (ii) You may use test runs that are shorter than 60 minutes in duration (e.g., 20 or 30 minutes). You may perform your PM CEMS correlation tests during new source performance standards performance tests or other compliance tests subject to the Clean Air Act or other statutes, such as the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. In these cases, your reference method results obtained during the PM CEMS correlation test may be used to determine compliance so long as your source and the test conditions and procedures (e.g., reference method sample run durations) are consistent with the applicable regulations and the reference method. (iii) You must convert the reference method results to units consistent with the conditions of your PM CEMS measurements. For example, if your PM CEMS measures and reports PM emissions in the units of mass per actual volume of stack gas, you must convert your reference method results to those units (e.g., mg/acm). If your PM CEMS extracts and heats the sample gas to eliminate water droplets, then measures and reports PM emissions under those actual conditions, you must convert your reference method results to those same conditions (e.g., mg/acm at 160°C). (2) During each test run, you must coordinate process operations, reference method sampling, and PM CEMS operations. For example, you must ensure that the process is operating at the targeted conditions, both reference method trains are sampling simultaneously (if paired sampling trains are beingused), and your PM CEMS and data logger are operating

properly. (i) You must coordinate the start and stop times of each run between the reference method sampling and PM CEMS operation. For a batch sampling PM CEMS, you must start the reference method at the same time as your PM CEMS sampling. (ii) You must note the times for port changes (and other periods when the reference method sampling may be suspended) on the data sheets so that you can adjust your PM CEMS data accordingly, if necessary. (iii) You must properly align the time periods for your PM CEMS and your reference method measurements to account for your PM CEMS response time. (3) You must conduct a minimum of 15 valid runs each consisting of simultaneous PM CEMS and reference method measurement sets. (i) You may conduct more than 15 sets of CEMS and reference method measurements. If you choose this option, you may reject certain test results so long as the total number of valid test results you use to determine the correlation is greater than or equal to 15. (ii) You must report all data, including the rejected data. (iii) You may reject the results of up to five test runs without explanation. (iv) If you reject the results of more than five test runs, the basis for rejecting the results of the additional test runs must be explicitly stated in the reference method, this performance specification, Procedure 2 of appendix F, or your quality assurance plan. (4) Simultaneous PM CEMS and reference method measurements must be performed in a manner to ensure that the range of data that will be used to establish the correlation for your PM CEMS is maximized. You must first attempt to maximize your correlation range by following the procedures described in paragraphs (4)(i) through (iv) of this section. If you cannot obtain the three levels as described in paragraphs (i) through (iv), then you must use the procedure described in section 8.6(5). (i) You must attempt to obtain the three different levels of PM mass concentration by varying process operating conditions, varying PM control device conditions, or by means of PM spiking. (ii) The three PM concentration levels you use in the correlation tests must be distributed over the complete operating range experienced by your source. (iii) At least 20 percent of the minimum 15 measured data points you use should be contained in each of thefollowing levels:

• Level 1: From no PM (zero concentration) emissions to 50 percent of the maximum PM concentration;

• Level 2: 25 to 75 percent of the maximum PM concentration; and

• Level 3: 50 to 100 percent of the maximum PM concentration. (iv) Although the above levels overlap, you may only apply individual run data to one level. (5) If you cannot obtain three distinct levels of PM concentration as described, you must perform correlation testing over the maximum range of PM concentrations that is practical for your PM CEMS. To ensure that the range of data used to establish the correlation for your PM CEMS is maximized, you must follow one or more of the steps in paragraphs (5)(i) through (iv) of this section. (i) Zero point data for in-situ instruments should be obtained, to the extent possible, by removing the instrument from the stack and monitoring ambient air on a test bench. (ii) Zero point data for extractive instruments should be obtained by removing the extractive probe from the stack and drawing in clean ambient air. (iii) Zero point data also can be obtained by performing manual reference method measurements when the flue gas is free of PM emissions or contains very low PM concentrations (e.g., when your process is not operating, but the fans are operating or your source is combusting only natural gas). (iv) If none of the steps in paragraphs (5)(i) through (iii) of this section are possible, you must estimate the monitor response when no PM is in the flue gas (e.g., 4 mA = 0 mg/acm). 8.7 What do I do with the initial correlation test data for my PM CEMS? You must calculate and report the results of the correlation testing, including the correlation coefficient, confidence interval, and tolerance interval for the PM CEMS response and reference method correlation data that are use to establish the correlation, as specified in section 12. You must include all data sheets, calculations, charts (records of PM CEMS responses), process data records including PM control equipment operating parameters, and reference media certifications necessary to confirm that your PM CEMS met the requirements of this performance specification. In addition, you must: (1) Determine the integrated (arithmetic average) PM CEMS output over each reference method test period; (2) Adjust your PM CEMS outputs and reference method test data to the same clock time (considering response time of your PM CEMS);(3) Confirm that the reference method results are

consistent with your PM CEMS response in terms of, where applicable, moisture, temperature, pressure, and diluent concentrations; and (4) Determine whether any of the reference method test results do not meet the test method criteria. 8.8 What is the limitation on the range of my PM CEMS correlation? Although the data you collect during the correlation testing should be representative of the full range of normal operating conditions at your source, you must conduct additional correlation testing if either of the conditions specified in paragraphs (1) and (2) of this section occurs. (1) If your source is a low-emitting source, as defined in section 3.16 of this specification, you must conduct additional correlation testing if either of the events specified in paragraphs (1)(i) or (ii) of this section occurs while your source is operating under normal conditions. (i) Your source generates 24 consecutive hourly average PM CEMS responses that are greater than 125 percent of the highest PM CEMS response (e.g., mA reading) used for the correlation curve or are greater than the PM CEMS response that corresponds to 50 percent of the emission limit, whichever is greater, or (ii) The cumulative hourly average PM CEMS responses generated by your source are greater than 125 percent of the highest PM CEMS response used for the correlation curve or are greater than the PM CEMS response that corresponds to 50 percent of the emission limit, whichever is greater, for more than 5 percent of your PM CEMS operating hours for the previous 30-day period. (2) If your source is not a low-emitting source, as defined in section 3.16 of this specification, you must conduct additional correlation testing if either of the events specified in paragraph (i) or (ii) of this section occurs while your source is operating under normal conditions. (i) Your source generates 24 consecutive hourly average PM CEMS responses that are greater than 125 percent of the highest PM CEMS response (e.g., mA reading) used for the correlation curve, or (ii) The cumulative hourly average PM CEMS responses generated by your source are greater than 125 percent of the highest PM CEMS response used for the correlation curve for more than 5 percent of your PM CEMS operating hours for the previous 30-day period. (3) If additional correlation testing is required, you must conduct at least three additional test runs under the conditions that caused the higher PM CEMS response.(i) You must complete the additional testing and use the

resulting new data along with the previous data to calculate a revised correlation equation within 60 days after the occurrence of the event that requires additional testing, as specified in paragraphs 8.8(1) and (2). (4) If your source generates consecutive PM CEMS hourly responses that are greater than 125 percent of the highest PM CEMS response used to develop the correlation curve for 24 hours or for a cumulative period that amounts to more than 5 percent of the PM CEMS operating hours for the previous 30-day period, you must report the reason for the higher PM CEMS responses. 9.0 What quality control measures are required? Quality control measures for PM CEMS are specified in 40 CFR 60, Appendix F, Procedure 2. 10.0 What calibration and standardization procedures must I perform? [Reserved] 11.0 What analytical procedures apply to this procedure? Specific analytical procedures are outlined in the applicable reference method(s). 12.0 What calculations and data analyses are needed? You must determine the primary relationship for correlating the output from your PM CEMS to a PM concentration, typically in units of mg/acm or mg/dscm of flue gas, using the calculations and data analysis process in sections 12.2 and 12.3. You develop the correlation by performing an appropriate regression analysis between your PM CEMS response and your reference method data. 12.1 How do I calculate upscale drift and zero drift? You must determine the difference in your PM CEMS output readings from the established reference values (zero and upscale check values) after a stated period of operation during which you performed no unscheduled maintenance, repair, or adjustment. (1) Calculate the upscale drift (UD) using Equation 11- 1: (Eq. 11-1) UD R R R 100 CEM U

U = − × where: UD = The upscale (high-level) drift of your PM CEMS

in percent, R CEM = The measured PM CEMS response to the upscale

reference standard, and RU = The preestablished numerical value of the

upscale reference standard. (2) Calculate the zero drift (ZD) using Equation 11-2:(Eq. 11-2) ZD R R R 100 CEM L

U = − × where: ZD = The zero (low-level) drift of your PM CEMS in

percent, R CEM = The measured PM CEMS response to the zero

reference standard, R L = The preestablished numerical value of the zero

reference standard, and RU = The preestablished numerical value of the

upscale reference standard. (3) Summarize the results on a data sheet similar to that shown in Table 2 (see section 17). 12.2 How do I perform the regression analysis? You must couple each reference method PM concentration measurement, y , in the appropriate units, with an average PM CEMS response, x , over corresponding time periods. You must complete your PM CEMS correlation calculations using data deemed acceptable by quality control procedures identified in 40 CFR 60, Appendix F, Procedure 2. (1) You must evaluate all flagged or suspect data produced during measurement periods and determine whether they should be excluded from your PM CEMS’s average. (2) You must assure that the reference method and PM CEMS results are on a consistent moisture, temperature, and diluent basis. You must convert the reference method PM concentration measurements (dry standard conditions) to the units of your PM CEMS measurement conditions. The conditions of your PM CEMS measurement are monitor-specific. You must obtain from your PM CEMS vendor or instrument manufacturer the conditions and units of measurement for your PM CEMS. (i) If your sample gas contains entrained water droplets and your PM CEMS is an extractive system that measures at actual conditions (i.e., wet basis), you must use the measured moisture content determined from the impinger analysis when converting your reference method PM data to PM CEMS conditions; do not use the moisture content calculated from a psychrometric chart based on saturated conditions. 12.3 How do I determine my PM CEMS correlation? To predict PM concentrations from PM CEMS responses, you must use the calculation method of least squares presented in paragraphs (1) through (5) of this section. When performing the calculations, each reference method PM concentration measurement must be treated as a discrete data point; if using paired sampling trains, do not average reference method data pairs for any test run.This performance specification describes procedures for

evaluating five types of correlation models: linear, polynomial, logarithmic, exponential, and power. Procedures for selecting the most appropriate correlation model are presented in section 12.4 of this specification. (1) How do I evaluate a linear correlation for my correlation test data? To evaluate a linear correlation, follow the procedures described in paragraphs (1)(i) through (iv) of this section. (i) Calculate the linear correlation equation, which gives the predicted PM concentration ( í ) as a function of the PM CEMS response (x), as indicated by Equation 11-3: (Eq. 11-3) $ y b b x

0 1 = + where: í = the predicted PM concentration, b 0 = the intercept for the correlation curve, as

calculated using Equation 11-4, b 1 = the slope of the correlation curve, as

calculated using Equation 11-6, and x = the PM CEMS response value. Calculate the y

intercept ( b 0 ) of the correlation curve using Equation 11-4: (Eq. 11-4) b y b x 0 1 = − ⋅ where: x G = the mean value of the PM CEMS response data, as

calculated using Equation 11-5, and y G = the mean value of the PM concentration data, as

calculated using Equation 11-5: (Eq. 11-5)



### x 1

n x , y 1

n y i i 1 n i i 1 n



### = =

= = 

# ∑ ∑

where: x i = the PM CEMS response value for run i , y i = the PM concentration value for run i, and n = the number of data points. Calculate the slope ( b 1 ) of the correlation curve using Equation 11-6: (Eq. 11-6) 

### b S S 1 xy

xx 

### = where: S xx , S xy = as calculated using Equation 11-7: (Eq. 11-7)



# ( ) ( )( ) S x x , S x x y y xx i 2

i 1 n

xy i i i 1 n



### = − = − −

= = 

# ∑ ∑

(ii) Calculate the half range of the 95 percent confidence interval (CI) for the predicted PM concentration( y

G ) at the mean value of x , using Equation 11-8: (Eq. 11-8) CI t S 1

n df,1 a/ 2 L = ⋅

− where: CI = the half range for the 95 percent confidence

interval for the mean xvalue, t df,1-a/2 = the value for the t statistic provided in Table 1 for df = n-2, and S L = the scatter or deviation of í values about the

correlation curve, which is determined using Equation 11-9: (Eq. 11-9)



# ( ) S 1

n 2 y y L i i 2

i 1 n



### =

− −

= 

# ∑ $ Calculate the confidence interval half range at the mean x value as a percentage of the emission limit (CI%) using Equation 11-10: (Eq. 11-10) 

### CI% CI EL 100% = ⋅ where: CI = the confidence interval half range at the mean x

value , and EL = PM emission limit, as described in section 13.2. (iii) Calculate the half range of the tolerance interval at the mean xvalue (TI) using Equation 11-11: (Eq. 11-11) TI k S

t L = ⋅ where: TI = the tolerance interval half range at the mean x

value, k t = as calculated using Equation 11-12, and S L = as calculated using Equation 11-9: (Eq. 11-12) k u v t n df = ⋅ ′ where: n’ = the number of test runs (n), un’ = the tolerance factor for 75 percent provided in

Table 1, and vdf = the value from Table 1 for df = n - 2. Calculate the tolerance interval half range at the mean x value as a percentage of the emission limit (TI%) using Equation 11-13: (Eq. 11-13) 

### TI% TI EL 100% = ⋅ where: TI = the tolerance interval half range at the mean

value of x , andEL = PM emission limit, as described in section 13.2.

(iv) Calculate the linear correlation coefficient ( r ) using Equation 11-14: (Eq. 11-14) r 1 S S L 2

y 2 = − where: S L = as calculated using Equation 11-9, and S y = as calculated using Equation 11-15:

(Eq. 11-15) 

# ( ) S y y

n 1 y i 2

i 1 n



### = −

− = 

# ∑

(2) How do I evaluate a polynomial correlation for my correlation test data? To evaluate a polynomial correlation, follow the procedures described in paragraphs (2)(i) through (iv) of this section. (i) Calculate the polynomial correlation equation, which is indicated by Equation 11-16, using Equations 11-17 through 11-22: (Eq. 11-16) 

### $ y b b x b x

0 1 2 2 

### = + + where: í = the PM CEMS concentration predicted by the

polynomial correlation equation, and b 0 , b 1 , b 2 = the coefficients determined from the solution to the matrix equation Ab= Bwhere:



### A n S S S S S S S S , b b b b , B S

S S . 1 2

1 2 3

2 3 4 0

1

2 5

6

7 

### =      

    = 

         = 

        

(Eq. 11-17) 

# ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) S x , S x , S x , S x , 1 i 2 i 1 n i 2

i 1 n 3 i 3 4 i

4

i 1 n

i 1 n

= = = =

= = = = 

## ∑ ∑ ∑

∑

(Eq. 11-18) 

# ( ) ( ) S (y ), S x y , S x y . 5 i i 1 n

6 i i

i 1 n

7 i 2 i i 1 n



### = = =

= = = 

# ∑ ∑ ∑

where: x i = the PM CEMS response for run i , yi = the reference method PM concentration for run i,

and n = the number of test runs. Calculate the polynomial correlation curve coefficients ( b 0 , b 1 , and b2 ) using Equations 11-19 to 11-21, respectively: 

# ( ) b S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S detA 0 5 2 4 1 3 7 2 6 3 7 2 2 3 3 5 4 6 1 

### = ⋅ ⋅ + ⋅ ⋅ + ⋅ ⋅ − ⋅ ⋅ − ⋅ ⋅ − ⋅ ⋅ (Eq. 11-19)

# ( )

b n S S S S S S S S S S S S S n S S S detA 1 6 4 5 3 2 2 1 7 2 6 2 7 3 4 1 5 

### = ⋅ ⋅ + ⋅ ⋅ + ⋅ ⋅ − ⋅ ⋅ − ⋅ ⋅ − ⋅ ⋅ (Eq. 11-20) 

# ( ) b n S S S S S S S S S S S S S n S S S detA 2 2 7 1 6 2 5 1 3 2 2 5 3 6 7 1 1 

### = ⋅ ⋅ + ⋅ ⋅ + ⋅ ⋅ − ⋅ ⋅ − ⋅ ⋅ − ⋅ ⋅ (Eq. 11-21) where: det A n S S S S S S S S S n S S S S S S 2 4 2 2 1 3 2 3 3 2 1 3 4 1 1 = ⋅ ⋅ − ⋅ + ⋅ ⋅ − ⋅ ⋅ + ⋅ ⋅ − ⋅ ⋅ (Eq. 11-22) (ii) Calculate the confidence interval half range (CI) by first calculating the Ccoefficients (C 0to C 5 ) using Equations 11-23 and 11-24: 

# ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) C S S S

D , C S S S S

D , C S S S

D ,

C nS S D , C S S nS

D , C nS S

D 0 2 4 3

2

1 3 2 1 4 2 1 3 2 2

3 4 2

2

4 1 2 3 5 2 1 2 

### = ⋅ − = ⋅ − ⋅ = ⋅ −

= − = ⋅ − = − (Eq. 11-23)

where: 

# ( ) ( ) ( )

D n S S S S S S S S S S S S

2 4 3

2 1 3 2 1 4 2 1 3 2 2 

### = ⋅ − + ⋅ − ⋅ + ⋅ − (Eq. 11-24) Calculate ) using Equation 11-25 for each xvalue: (Eq. 11-25) 

# ( ) Δ = + + + + + C 2C x 2C C x 2C x C x 0 1 2 3 2 4 3 5 4 Determine the xvalue that corresponds to the minimum value of ) ( ) min ). Determine the scatter or deviation of í values about the polynomial correlation curve ( SP ) using Equation 11-26: (Eq. 11-26) 

# ( ) S 1

n 3 y y P i i 2

i 1 n



### =

− −

= 

# ∑ $ Calculate the half range of the 95 percent confidence interval (CI) at the xvalue that corresponds to ) minusing Equation 11- 27: (Eq. 11-27) CI t S D

df P min = ⋅ where: df = n-3, and t df = as listed in Table 1 (see section 17). Calculate the confidence interval half range at the x value for ) minas a percentage of the emission limit (CI%) using Equation 11-28: (Eq. 11-28) CI CI EL % = ⋅ 100% where: CI = the confidence interval half range at the xvalue that corresponds to ) min , and EL = PM emission limit, as described in section

13.2. (iii) Calculate the tolerance interval half range (TI) at the xvalue for ) min , as indicated in Equation 11- 29 for the polynomial correlation, using Equations 11-30 and 11-31: (Eq. 11-29) TI k S

T P = ⋅ where: (Eq. 11-30) 

### k u v T n df 

### = ⋅ ′ (Eq. 11-31) ′ = n 1

min Δ

un’ = the value indicated in Table 1, and vdf = the value indicated in Table 1 for df = n3. If the calculated value for n’ is less than 2, then n’ = 2. Calculate the tolerance interval half range at the xvalue for ) minas a percentage of the emission limit (TI%) using Equation 11-32: (Eq. 11-32) TI TI EL % = ⋅ 100% where: TI = the tolerance interval half range at the x

value that corresponds to ) min , and EL = PM emission limit, as described in section

13.2. (iv) Calculate the polynomial correlation coefficient ( r) using Equation 11-33: (Eq. 11-33) r 1 S S P 2

y 2 = − where: S P = as calculated using Equation 11-26, and S y = as calculated using Equation 11-15. (3) How do I evaluate a logarithmic correlation for my correlation test data? To evaluate a logarithmic correlation, which has the form indicated by Equation 11- 34, follow the procedures described in paragraphs (3)(i) through (iii) of this section. (Eq. 11-34) 

### ( ) $ y b b Ln x

0 1 

### = + (i) Perform a logarithmic transformation of each PM CEMS response value ( xvalues) using Equation 11-35: x i ’ = Ln(x i ) (Eq. 11-35) where:x i ’ = is the transformed value ofxi , and

Ln(x i ) = the natural logarithm of the PM CEMS

response for run i. (ii) Using the values forxi ’ in place of the values forxi , perform the same procedures used to develop the linear correlation equation described in paragraph (1)(i) of this section. The resulting equation has the form indicated by Equation 11-36: (Eq. 11-36) $ y b b x

0 1 = + ′ where: x’ = the natural logarithm of the PM CEMS

response, and the variables í , b 0 , and b 1 are as defined in paragraph (1)(i) of this section. (iii) Using the values forxi ’ in place of the values forxi , calculate the confidence interval half range at the mean x’ value as a percentage of the emission limit (CI%), the tolerance interval half range at the mean x’ value as a percentage of the emission limit (TI%), and the correlation coefficient ( r ) using the procedures described in paragraphs (1)(ii) through (iv) of this section. (4) How do I evaluate an exponential correlation for my correlation test data? To evaluate an exponential correlation, which has the form indicated by Equation 11- 37, follow the procedures described in paragraphs (4)(i) through (v) of this section: (Eq. 11-37) $ y b e

1 b x 0 = (i) Perform a logarithmic transformation of each PM concentration measurement (y values) using Equation 11-38: (Eq. 11-38) 

# ( ) y Ln y i i 

### ′ = where: y i ’ = is the transformed value of yi , and Ln(y i ) = the natural logarithm of the PM

concentration measurement for run i. (ii) Using the values for yi ’ in place of the values for yi , perform the same procedures used to develop the linear correlation equation described in paragraph (1)(i) of this section. The resulting equation will have the form indicated by Equation 11-39. (Eq. 11-39) ′ = + $ y b b x

0 1 where: í ’ = the natural logarithm of the predicted PM

concentration values, and the variables b 0 , b 1 , andx are as defined in paragraph (1)(i)of this section. (iii) Using the values for yi ’ in place of the values for yi , calculate the confidence interval half range (CI), as described in paragraph (1)(ii) of this section. However, for the exponential correlation, you must calculate the value for CI at the medianx value, instead of the meanx value for linear correlations. Calculate the confidence interval half range at the median xvalue as a percentage of the emission limit (CI%) using Equation 11-40: (Eq. 11-40) CI% CI Ln(EL) 100% = ⋅ where: CI = the confidence interval half range at the

median xvalue , and Ln(EL) = the natural logarithm of the PM emission

limit, as described in section 13.2. (iv) Using the values for yi ’ in place of the values for yi , calculate the tolerance interval half range (TI), as described in paragraph (1)(iii) of this section. For the exponential correlation, the value for TI also must be calculated at the median xvalue. Calculate the tolerance interval half range at the median xvalue as a percentage of the emission limit (TI%) using Equation 11-41: (Eq. 11-41) TI% TI Ln(EL) 100% = ⋅ where: TI = the tolerance interval half range at the

median xvalue , and Ln(EL) = the natural logarithm of the PM emission

limit, as described in section 13.2. (v) Using the values for yi ’ in place of the values for yi , calculate the correlation coefficient (r) using the procedure described in paragraph (1)(iv) of this section. (5) How do I evaluate a power correlation for my correlation test data? To evaluate a power correlation, which has the form indicated by Equation 11-42, follow the procedures described in paragraphs (5)(i) through (v) of this section. (Eq. 11-42) 

### $ y b x

1 b0 

### = (i) Perform logarithmic transformations of each PM CEMS response ( xvalues) and each PM concentration measurement ( y

values) using Equations 11-35 and 11-38, respectively.(ii) Using the values forxi ’ in place of the values

forxi , and the values for yi ’ in place of the values for yi , perform the same procedures used to develop the linear correlation equation described in paragraph (1)(i) of this section. The resulting equation will have the form indicated by Equation 11-43: (Eq. 11-43) 

### $ ′ = + ′ y b b x

0 1 where: í ’ = the natural logarithm of the predicted PM

concentration values, and x’ = the natural logarithm of the PM CEMS

response values, and the variables b 0and b 1 are as defined in paragraph (1)(i) of this section. (iii) Using the values for yi ’ in place of the values for yi , calculate the confidence interval half range (CI), as described in paragraph (1)(ii) of this section. You must calculate the value for CI at the median x’ value, instead of the meanx value for linear correlations. Calculate the confidence interval half range at the median x’ value as a percentage of the emission limit (CI%) using Equation 11-40. (iv) Using the values for yi ’ in place of the values for yi , calculate the tolerance interval half range (TI), as described in paragraph (1)(iii) of this section. The value for TI also must be calculated at the median x’ value. Calculate the tolerance interval half range at the median x’ value as a percentage of the emission limit (CI%) using Equation 11-41. (v) Using the values for yi ’ in place of the values for yi , calculate the correlation coefficient (r) using the procedure described in paragraph (1)(iv) of this section. 12.4 Which correlation model should I use? Follow the procedures described in paragraphs (1) through (4) of this section to determine which correlation model you should use. (1) For each correlation model that you develop using the procedures described in section 12.3 of this specification, compare the confidence interval half range percentage, tolerance interval half range percentage, and correlation coefficient to the performance criteria specified in section 13.2 of this specification. You can use the linear, logarithmic, exponential, or power correlation model if the model satisfies all of the performance criteria specified in section 13.2 of thisspecification. However, to use the polynomial model you

first must check that the polynomial correlation curve satisfies the criteria for minimum and maximum values specified in paragraph (3) of this section. (2) If you develop more than one correlation curve that satisfy the performance criteria specified in section 13.2 of this specification, you should use the correlation curve with the greatest correlation coefficient. If the polynomial model has the greatest correlation coefficient, you first must check that the polynomial correlation curve satisfies the criteria for minimum and maximum values specified in paragraph (3) of this section. (3) You can use the polynomial model that you develop using the procedures described in section 12.3(2) if the model satisfies the performance criteria specified in section 13.2 of this specification, and the minimum or maximum value of the polynomial correlation curve does not occur within the expanded data range. The minimum or maximum value of the polynomial correlation curve is the point where the slope of the curve equals zero. To determine if the minimum or maximum value occurs within the expanded data range, follow the procedure described in paragraphs (3)(i) through (iv) of this section. (i) Determine if your polynomial correlation curve has a minimum or maximum point by comparing the polynomial coefficient b2to zero. If b2is less than zero, the curve has a maximum value. If b2is greater than zero, the curve has a minimum value. (Note: If b2equals zero, the correlation curve is linear.) (ii) Calculate the minimum value using Equation 11- 44. maximum or minimum (Eq. 11-44) 

### = − b 2b 1

2 (iii) If your polynomial correlation curve has a minimum point, you must compare the minimum value to the minimum PM CEMS response used to develop the correlation curve. If the correlation curve minimum value is less than or equal to the minimum PM CEMS response value, you can use the polynomial correlation curve, provided the correlation curve also satisfies all of the performance criteria specified in section 13.2 of this specification. If the correlation curve minimum value is greater than the minimum PM CEMS response value, you cannot use the polynomial correlation curve to predict PM concentrations. (iv) If your polynomial correlation curve has a maximum, the maximum value must be greater than the allowable extrapolation limit. If your source is not alow-emitting source, as defined in section 3.16 of this

specification, the allowable extrapolation limit is 125 percent of the highest PM CEMS response used to develop the correlation curve. If your source is a low-emitting source, the allowable extrapolation limit is 125 percent of the highest PM CEMS response used to develop the correlation curve or the PM CEMS response that corresponds to 50 percent of the emission limit, whichever is greater. If the polynomial correlation curve maximum value is greater than the extrapolation limit, and the correlation curve satisfies all of the performance criteria specified in section 13.2 of this specification, you can use the polynomial correlation curve to predict PM concentrations. If the correlation curve maximum value is less than the extrapolation limit, you cannot use the polynomial correlation curve to predict PM concentrations. (4) You may petition the Administrator for alternative solutions or sampling recommendations if the correlation models described in section 12.3 of this specification do not satisfy the performance criteria specified in section 13.2 of this specification. 13.0 What are the performance criteria for my PM CEMS? You must evaluate your PM CEMS based on the 7-day drift check, the accuracy of the correlation, and the sampling periods and cycle/response time. 13.1 What is the 7-day drift check performance specification? Your daily PM CEMS internal drift checks must demonstrate that the average daily drift of your PM CEMS does not deviate from the value of the reference light, optical filter, Beta attenuation signal, or other technology-suitable reference standard by more than 2 percent of the upscale value. If your CEMS includes diluent and/or auxiliary monitors (for temperature, pressure, and/or moisture) that are employed as a necessary part of this performance specification, you must determine the calibration drift separately for each ancillary monitor in terms of its respective output (see the appropriate performance specification for the diluent CEMS specification). None of the calibration drifts may exceed their individual specification. 13.2 What performance criteria must my PM CEMS correlation satisfy? Your PM CEMS correlation must meet each of the minimum specifications in paragraphs (1), (2), and (3) of this section. Before confidence and tolerance interval half range percentage calculations are made, you must convert the emission limit to the appropriate units of your PM CEMS measurement conditions using the average of emissions gas property values (e.g., diluentconcentration, temperature, pressure, and moisture)

measured during the correlation test. (1) The correlation coefficient must satisfy the criterion specified in paragraph (1)(i) or (ii), whichever applies. (i) If your source is not a low-emitting source, as defined in section 3.16 of this specification, the correlation coefficient ( r) must be greater than or equal to 0.85. (ii) If your source is a low-emitting source, as defined in section 3.16 of this specification, the correlation coefficient ( r) must be greater than or equal to 0.75. (2) The confidence interval half range must satisfy the applicable criterion specified in paragraph (2)(i), (ii), or (iii) of this section, based on the type of correlation model. (i) For linear or logarithmic correlations, the 95 percent confidence interval half range at the mean PM CEMS response value from the correlation test must be within 10 percent of the PM emission limit value specified in the applicable regulation, as calculated using Equation 11-10. (ii) For polynomial correlations, the 95 percent confidence interval half range at the PM CEMS response value from the correlation test that corresponds to the minimum value for ) must be within 10 percent of the PM emission limit value specified in the applicable regulation, as calculated using Equation 11-28. (iii) For exponential or power correlations, the 95 percent confidence interval half range at the median PM CEMS response value from the correlation test must be within 10 percent of the natural logarithm of the PM emission limit value specified in the applicable regulation, as calculated using Equation 11-40. (3) The tolerance interval half range must satisfy the applicable criterion specified in paragraph (3)(i), (ii), or (iii) of this section, based on the type of correlation model. (i) For linear or logarithmic correlations, the tolerance interval half range at the mean PM CEMS response value from the correlation test must have 95 percent confidence that 75 percent of all possible values are within 25 percent of the PM emission limit value specified in the applicable regulation, as calculated using Equation 11-13. (ii) For polynomial correlations, the tolerance interval half range at the PM CEMS response value from thecorrelation test that corresponds to the minimum value for

) must have 95 percent confidence that 75 percent of all possible values are within 25 percent of the PM emission limit value specified in the applicable regulation, as calculated using Equation 11-32. (iii) For exponential or power correlations, the tolerance interval half range at the median PM CEMS response value from the correlation test must have 95 percent confidence that 75 percent of all possible values are within 25 percent of the natural logarithm of the PM emission limit value specified in the applicable regulation, as calculated using Equation 11-41. 13.3 What are the sampling periods and cycle/response time? You must document and maintain the response time and any changes in the response time following installation. (1) If you have a batch sampling PM CEMS, you must evaluate the limits presented in paragraphs (1)(i) and (ii) of this section. (i) The response time of your PM CEMS, which is equivalent to the cycle time, must be no longer than 15 minutes. In addition, the delay between the end of the sampling time and reporting of the sample analysis must be no greater than 3 minutes. You must document any changes in the response time following installation. (ii) The sampling time of your PM CEMS must be no less than 30 percent of the cycle time. If you have a batch sampling PM CEMS, sampling must be continuous except during pauses when the collected pollutant on the capture media is being analyzed and the next capture medium starts collecting a new sample. 13.4 What PM compliance monitoring must I do? You must report your CEMS measurements in the units of the standard expressed in the regulations (e.g., mg/dscm @ 7 percent oxygen, pounds per million Btu (lb/mmBtu), etc.). You may need to install auxiliary data monitoring equipment to convert the units reported by your PM CEMS into units of the PM emission standard. 14.0 Pollution Prevention . [Reserved] 15.0 Waste Management . [Reserved] 16.0 Which references are relevant to this performance specification ? 16.1 Technical Guidance Document: Compliance Assurance Monitoring. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards Emission Measurement Center. August 1998. 16.2 40 CFR 60, Appendix B, "Performance Specification 2 - Specifications and Test Procedures forSO 2and NO x , Continuous Emission Monitoring Systems in

Stationary Sources." 16.3 40 CFR 60, Appendix B, "Performance Specification 1 - Specification and Test Procedures for Opacity Continuous Emission Monitoring Systems in Stationary Sources." 16.4 40 CFR 60, Appendix A, "Method 1 - Sample and Velocity Traverses for Stationary Sources." 16.5 "Current Knowledge of Particulate Matter (PM) Continuous Emission Monitoring." EPA-454/R-00-039. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. September 2000. 16.6 40 CFR 266, Appendix IX, Section 2, "Performance Specifications for Continuous Emission Monitoring Systems." 16.7 ISO 10155, "Stationary Source Emissions - Automated Monitoring of Mass Concentrations of Particles: Performance Characteristics, Test Procedures, and Specifications." American National Standards Institute, New York City. 1995. 17.0 What reference tables and validation data are relevant to PS-11? Use the information in Table 1 for determining the confidence and tolerance interval half ranges. Use Table 2 to record your 7-day drift test data. TABLE 1. FACTORS FOR CALCULATION OF CONFIDENCE

AND TOLERANCE INTERVAL HALF RANGES df or n' t df vdf un ' (75) 2 4.303 4.415 1.433 3 3.182 2.920 1.340 4 2.776 2.372 1.295 5 2.571 2.089 1.266 6 2.447 1.915 1.247 7 2.365 1.797 1.233 8 2.306 1.711 1.223 9 2.262 1.645 1.214 10 2.228 1.593 1.208 11 2.201 1.551 1.203 12 2.179 1.515 1.199 13 2.160 1.485 1.195 14 2.145 1.460 1.192 15 2.131 1.437 1.189 16 2.120 1.418 1.187 17 2.110 1.400 1.18518 2.101 1.385 1.183 19 2.093 1.370 1.181 20 2.086 1.358 1.179 21 2.080 1.346 1.178 22 2.074 1.335 1.177 23 2.069 1.326 1.175 24 2.064 1.317 1.174 25 2.060 1.308 1.173 26 2.056 1.301 1.172 27 2.052 1.294 1.172 28 2.048 1.287 1.171 29 2.045 1.281 1.171 30 2.042 1.274 1.170 31 2.040 1.269 1.169 32 2.037 1.264 1.169 33 2.035 1.258 1.168 34 2.032 1.253 1.168 35 2.030 1.248 1.167 36 2.028 1.244 1.167 37 2.026 1.240 1.166 38 2.025 1.236 1.166 39 2.023 1.232 1.165 40 2.021 1.228 1.165 41 2.020 1.225 1.165 42 2.018 1.222 1.164 43 2.017 1.219 1.164 44 2.015 1.216 1.163 45 2.014 1.213 1.163 46 2.013 1.210 1.163 47 2.012 1.207 1.163 48 2.011 1.205 1.162 49 2.010 1.202 1.162 50 2.009 1.199 1.162 51 2.008 1.197 1.162 52 2.007 1.194 1.162 53 2.006 1.191 1.161 54 2.005 1.189 1.161 55 2.005 1.186 1.161 56 2.004 1.183 1.161 57 2.003 1.181 1.16158 2.002 1.178 1.160 59 2.001 1.176 1.160 60 2.000 1.173 1.160 61 2.000 1.170 1.160 62 1.999 1.168 1.160 63 1.999 1.165 1.159

TABLE 2. 7-DAY DRIFT TEST DATA

Zero Drift Day # Date

and Time Zero Check

Value (RL ) PM CEMS

Response (RCEMS ) Difference

(RCEMS- RL ) Zero Drift

((RCEMS -RL )/RU )×100 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Upscale Drift Day # Date

and Time Upscale

Check Value (RU ) PM CEMS

Response (RCEMS ) Difference

(RCEMS- RU ) Upscale Drift ((RCEMS RU )/RU )×100% 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

3. Appendix F, part 60 is revised to read as

follows:APPENDIX F - QUALITY ASSURANCE PROCEDURES

* * * * * PROCEDURE 2 - Quality Assurance Requirements for Particulate Matter Continuous Emission Monitoring Systems at Stationary Sources

1.0 What are the purpose and applicability of Procedure

2? The purpose of Procedure 2 is to establish the minimum requirements for evaluating the effectiveness of quality control (QC) and quality assurance (QA) procedures and the quality of data produced by your particulate matter (PM) continuous emission monitoring system (CEMS). Procedure 2 applies to PM CEMS used for continuously determining compliance with emission standards or operating permit limits as specified in an applicable regulation or permit. Other QC procedures may apply to diluent (e.g., O 2 ) monitors and other auxiliary monitoring equipment included with your CEMS to facilitate PM measurement or determination of PM concentration in units specified in an applicable regulation. 1.1 What measurement parameter does Procedure 2 address? Procedure 2 covers the instrumental measurement of PM as defined by your source’s applicable reference method (no Chemical Abstract Service number assigned).1.2 For what types of devices must I comply with

Procedure 2? You must comply with Procedure 2 for the total equipment that: (1) We require you to install and operate on a continuous basis under the applicable regulation, and (2) You use to monitor the PM mass concentration associated with the operation of a process or emission control device. 1.3 What are the data quality objectives (DQOs) of Procedure 2? The overall DQO of Procedure 2 is the generation of valid, representative data that can be transferred into useful information for determining PM CEMS concentrations averaged over a prescribed interval. Procedure 2 is also closely associated with Performance Specification 11 (PS-11). (1) Procedure 2 specifies the minimum requirements for controlling and assessing the quality of PM CEMS data submitted to us or the delegated permitting authority. (2) You must meet these minimum requirements if you are responsible for one or more PM CEMS used for compliance monitoring. We encourage you to develop and implement a more extensive QA program or to continue such programs where they already exist. 1.4 What is the intent of the QA/QC proceduresspecified in Procedure 2? Procedure 2 is intended to

establish the minimum QA/QC requirements for PM CEMS and is presented in general terms to allow you to develop a program that is most effective for your circumstances. You may adopt QA/QC procedures that go beyond these minimum requirements to ensure compliance with applicable regulations. 1.5 When must I comply with Procedure 2? You must comply with the basic requirements of Procedure 2 immediately following successful completion of the initial correlation test of PS-11.

2.0 What are the basic requirements of Procedure 2? Procedure 2 requires you to perform periodic evaluations of PM CEMS performance and to develop and implement QA/QC programs to ensure that PM CEMS data quality is maintained. 2.1 What are the basic functions of Procedure 2? (1) Assessment of the quality of your PM CEMS data by estimating measurement accuracy; (2) Control and improvement of the quality of your PM CEMS data by implementing QC requirements and corrective actions until the data quality is acceptable;

and (3) Specification of requirements for dailyinstrument zero and upscale drift checks and daily sample

volume checks, as well as routine response correlation audits, absolute correlation audits, sample volume audits, and relative response audits.

3.0 What special definitions apply to Procedure 2? The definitions in Procedure 2 include those provided in PS-11 of Appendix B, with the following additions: 3.1 "Absolute Correlation Audit (ACA)" means an evaluation of your PM CEMS response to a series of reference standards covering the full measurement range of the instrument (e.g., 4 mA to 20 mA). 3.2 "Correlation Range" means the range of PM CEMS responses used in the complete set of correlation test

data. 3.3 "PM CEMS Correlation" means the site-specific relationship (i.e., a regression equation) between the output from your PM CEMS (e.g., mA) and the particulate concentration, as determined by the reference method. The PM CEMS correlation is expressed in the same units as the PM concentration measured by your PM CEMS (e.g., mg/acm). You must derive this relation from PM CEMS response data and manual reference method data that were gathered simultaneously. These data must be representative of the full range of source and control device operatingconditions that you expect to occur. You must develop the

correlation by performing the steps presented in sections

12.2 and 12.3 of PS-11. 3.4 "Reference Method Sampling Location" means the location in your source’s exhaust duct from which you collect manual reference method data for developing your PM CEMS correlation and for performing relative response audits (RRAs) and response correlation audits (RCAs). 3.5 "Response Correlation Audit (RCA)" means the series of tests specified in section 10.3(8) of this procedure that you conduct to ensure the continued validity of your PM CEMS correlation. 3.6 "Relative Response Audit (RRA)" means the brief series of tests specified in section 10.3(6) of this procedure that you conduct between consecutive RCAs to ensure the continued validity of your PM CEMS correlation. 3.7 "Sample Volume Audit (SVA)" means an evaluation of your PM CEMS measurement of sample volume if your PM CEMS determines PM concentration based on a measure of PM mass in an extracted sample volume and an independent determination of sample volume.

4.0 Interferences . [Reserved]

5.0 What do I need to know to ensure the safety of persons using Procedure 2?People using Procedure 2 may be exposed to hazardous

materials, operations, and equipment. Procedure 2 does not purport to address all of the safety issues associated with its use. It is your responsibility to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicable regulatory limitations before performing this procedure. You must consult your CEMS user’s manual for specific precautions to be taken with regard to your PM CEMS procedures.

6.0 What equipment and supplies do I need? [Reserved]

7.0 What reagents and standards do I need? You will need reference standards or procedures to perform the zero drift check, the upscale drift check, and the sample volume check. 7.1 What is the reference standard value for the zero drift check? You must use a zero check value that is no greater than 20 percent of the PM CEMS’s response range. You must obtain documentation on the zero check value from your PM CEMS manufacturer. 7.2 What is the reference standard value for the upscale drift check? You must use an upscale check value that produces a response between 50 and 100 percent of the PM CEMS’s response range. For a PM CEMS that producesoutput over a range of 4 mA to 20 mA, the upscale check

value must produce a response in the range of 12 mA to 20 mA. You must obtain documentation on the upscale check value from your PM CEMS manufacturer. 7.3 What is the reference standard value for the sample volume check? You must use a reference standard value or procedure that produces a sample volume value equivalent to the normal sampling rate. You must obtain documentation on the sample volume value from your PM CEMS

manufacturer.

8.0 What sample collection, preservation, storage, and transport are relevant to this procedure? [Reserved]

9.0 What quality control measures are required by this procedure for my PM CEMS? You must develop and implement a QC program for your PM CEMS. Your QC program must, at a minimum, include written procedures that describe, in detail, complete step-by-step procedures and operations for the activities in paragraphs (1) through (8) of this section. (1) Procedures for performing drift checks, including both zero drift and upscale drift and the sample volume check (see sections 10.2(1), (2), and (5)). (2) Methods for adjustment of PM CEMS based on theresults of drift checks, sample volume checks (if

applicable), and the periodic audits specified in this procedure. (3) Preventative maintenance of PM CEMS (including spare parts inventory and sampling probe integrity). (4) Data recording, calculations, and reporting. (5) RCA and RRA procedures, including sampling and analysis methods, sampling strategy, and structuring test conditions over the prescribed range of PM concentrations. (6) Procedures for performing ACAs and SVAs and methods for adjusting your PM CEMS response based on ACA

and SVA results. (7) Program of corrective action for malfunctioning PM CEMS, including flagged data periods. (8) For extractive PM CEMS, procedures for checking extractive system ducts for material accumulation. 9.1 What QA/QC documentation must I have? You are required to keep the written QA/QC procedures on record and available for inspection by us, the State, and/or local enforcement agency for the life of your CEMS or until you are no longer subject to the requirements of this procedure. 9.2 How do I know if I have acceptable QC procedures for my PM CEMS? Your QC procedures are inadequate or yourPM CEMS is incapable of providing quality data if you fail

two consecutive QC audits (i.e., out-of-control conditions resulting from the annual audits, quarterly audits, or daily checks). Therefore, if you fail the same two consecutive audits, you must revise your QC procedures or modify or replace your PM CEMS to correct the deficiencies causing the excessive inaccuracies (see section 10.4 for limits for excessive audit inaccuracy).

10.0 What calibration/correlation and standardization procedures must I perform for my PM CEMS? You must generate a site-specific correlation for each of your PM CEMS installation(s) relating response from your PM CEMS to results from simultaneous PM reference method testing. The PS-11 defines procedures for developing the correlation and defines a series of statistical parameters for assessing acceptability of the correlation. However, a critical component of your PM CEMS correlation process is ensuring the accuracy and precision of reference method data. The activities listed in sections 10.1 through 10.10 assure the quality of the correlation. 10.1 When should I use paired trains for reference method testing? Although not required, we recommend that you should use paired-train reference method testing togenerate data used to develop your PM CEMS correlation and

for RCA testing. Guidance on the use of paired sampling trains can be found in the PM CEMS Knowledge Document (see section 16.5). 10.2 What routine system checks must I perform on my PM CEMS? You must perform routine checks to ensure proper operation of system electronics and optics, light andradiation sources and detectors, and electric or electromechanical systems. Necessary components of the routine system checks will depend on design details of your PM CEMS. As a minimum, you must verify the system operating parameters listed in paragraphs (1) through (5) of this section on a daily basis. Some PM CEMS may perform one or more of these functions automatically or as an integral portion of unit operations; for other PM CEMS, you must initiate or perform one or more of these functions manually. (1) You must check the zero drift to ensure stability of your PM CEMS response to the zero check value. You must determine system output on the most sensitive measurement range when the PM CEMS is challenged with a zero reference standard or procedure. You must, at a minimum, adjust your PM CEMS whenever the daily zero drift exceeds 4 percent.(2) You must check the upscale drift to ensure

stability of your PM CEMS response to the upscale check value. You must determine system output when the PM CEMS is challenged with a reference standard or procedure corresponding to the upscale check value. You must, at a minimum, adjust your PM CEMS whenever the daily upscale drift check exceeds 4 percent. (3) For light-scattering and extinction-type PM CEMS, you must check the system optics to ensure that system response has not been altered by the condition of optical components, such as fogging of lens and performance of light monitoring devices.(4) You must record data from your automatic driftadjusting PM CEMS before any adjustment is made. If your PM CEMS automatically adjusts its response to the corrected calibration values (e.g., microprocessor control), you must program your PM CEMS to record the unadjusted concentration measured in the drift check before resetting the calibration. Alternately, you may program your PM CEMS to record the amount of adjustment. (5) For extractive PM CEMS that measure the sample volume and use the measured sample volume as part of calculating the output value, you must check the sample volume on a daily basis to verify the accuracy of thesample volume measuring equipment. This sample volume

check must be done at the normal sampling rate of your PM CEMS. You must adjust your PM CEMS sample volume measurement whenever the daily sample volume check error exceeds 10 percent. 10.3 What are the auditing requirements for my PM CEMS? You must subject your PM CEMS to an ACA and an SVA, as applicable, at least once each calender quarter. Successive quarterly audits must occur no closer than 2 months apart. You must conduct an RCA and an RRA at the frequencies specified in the applicable regulation or facility operating permit. An RRA or RCA conducted during any calendar quarter can take the place of the ACA required for that calendar quarter. An RCA conducted during the period in which an RRA is required can take the place of the RRA for that period. (1) When must I perform an ACA? You must perform an ACA each quarter unless you conduct an RRA or RCA during that same quarter. (2) How do I perform an ACA? You perform an ACA according to the procedure specified in paragraphs (2)(i) through (v) of this section. (i) You must challenge your PM CEMS with an audit standard or an equivalent audit reference to reproduce thePM CEMS’s measurement at three points within the following

ranges: Audit point Audit range 1 0 to 20 percent of measurement range 2 40 to 60 percent of measurement range 3 70 to 100 percent of measurement range (ii) You must then challenge your PM CEMS three times at each audit point and use the average of the three responses in determining accuracy at each audit point. Use a separate audit standard for audit points 1, 2, and 3. Challenge the PM CEMS at each audit point for a sufficient period of time to ensure that your PM CEMS response has stabilized. (iii) Operate your PM CEMS in the mode, manner, and range specified by the manufacturer. (iv) Store, maintain, and use audit standards as recommended by the manufacturer. (v) Use the difference between the actual known value of the audit standard and the response of your PM CEMS to assess the accuracy of your PM CEMS. (3) When must I perform an SVA? You must perform an audit of the measured sample volume (e.g., the sampling flow rate for a known time) once per quarter for applicable PM CEMS with an extractive sampling system.Also, you must perform and pass an SVA prior to initiation

of any of the reference method data collection runs for an

RCA or RRA. (4) How do I perform an SVA? You perform an SVA according to the procedure specified in paragraphs (4)(i) through (iii) of this section. (i) You perform an SVA by independently measuring the volume of sample gas extracted from the stack or duct over each batch cycle or time period with a calibrated device. You may make this measurement either at the inlet or outlet of your PM CEMS, so long as it measures the sample gas volume without including any dilution or recycle air. Compare the measured volume with the volume reported by your PM CEMS for the same cycle or time period to calculate sample volume accuracy. (ii) You must make measurements during threesampling cycles for batch extractive monitors (e.g., Betagauge) or during three periods of at least 20 minutes for continuous extractive PM CEMS. (iii) You may need to condense, collect, and measure moisture from the sample gas prior to the calibrated measurement device (e.g., dry gas meter) and correct the results for moisture content. In any case, the volumes measured by the calibrated device and your PM CEMS must beon a consistent temperature, pressure, and moisture basis. (5) How often must I perform an RRA? You must perform an RRA at the frequency specified in the applicable regulation or facility operating permit. You may conduct an RCA instead of an RRA during the period when the RRA is required. (6) How do I perform an RRA? You must perform the RRA according to the procedure specified in paragraphs (6)(i) and (ii) of this section. (i) You perform an RRA by collecting three simultaneous reference method PM concentration

measurements and PM CEMS measurements at the as-found source operating conditions and PM concentration. (ii) We recommend that you use paired trains for reference method sampling. Guidance on the use of paired sampling trains can be found in the PM CEMS Knowledge Document (see section 16.5 of PS-11). (7) How often must I perform an RCA? You must perform an RCA at the frequency specified in the applicable regulation or facility operating permit. (8) How do I perform an RCA? You must perform the RCA according to the procedures for the PM CEMS correlation test described in PS-11, section 8.6, except that the minimum number of runs required is 12 in the RCAinstead of 15 as specified in PS-11. (9) What other alternative audits can I use? You can use other alternative audit procedures as approved by us, the State, or local agency for the quarters when you

would conduct ACAs. 10.4 What are my limits for excessive audit inaccuracy? Unless specified otherwise in the applicable subpart, the criteria for excessive audit inaccuracy are listed in paragraphs (1) through (6) of this section. (1) What are the criteria for excessive zero or upscale drift? Your PM CEMS is out of control if the zero drift check or upscale drift check either exceeds 4 percent for five consecutive daily periods or exceeds 8 percent for any one day. (2) What are the criteria for excessive sample volume measurement error? Your PM CEMS is out of control if sample volume check error exceeds 10 percent for five consecutive daily periods or exceeds 20 percent for any one day. (3) What are the criteria for excessive ACA error? Your PM CEMS is out of control if the results of any ACA exceed ± 10 percent of the average audit value or 7.5 percent of the applicable standard, whichever is greater. (4) What is the criterion for excessive SVA error?Your PM CEMS is out of control if results exceed ± 5

percent of the average sample volume audit value. (5) What are the criteria for passing an RCA? To pass an RCA, you must meet the criteria specified in paragraphs (5)(i) through (iii) of this section. If your PM CEMS fails to meet these RCA criteria, it is out of

control. (i) For all 12 data points, the PM CEMS response value can be no greater than the greatest PM CEMS response value used to develop your correlation curve. (ii) For 9 of the 12 data points, the PM CEMS response value must lie within the PM CEMS output range used to develop your correlation curve. (iii) At least 75 percent of a minimum number of 12

sets of PM CEMS and reference method measurements must fall within a specified area on a graph of the correlation regression line. The specified area on the graph of the correlation regression line is defined by two lines parallel to the correlation regression line, offset at a distance of ± 25 percent of the numerical emission limit value from the correlation regression line. (6) What are the criteria to pass an RRA? To pass an RRA, you must meet the criteria specified in paragraphs (6)(i) and (ii) of this section. If your PM CEMS fails tomeet these RRA criteria, it is out of control. (i) For all three data points, the PM CEMS response value can be no greater than the greatest PM CEMS response value used to develop your correlation curve. (ii) For two of the three data points, the PM CEMS response value must lie within the PM CEMS output range used to develop your correlation curve. (iii) At least two of the three sets of PM CEMS and reference method measurements must fall within the same specified area on a graph of the correlation regression line as required for the RCA and described in paragraph (5)(iii) of this section. 10.5 What do I do if my PM CEMS is out of control? If your PM CEMS is out of control, you must take the actions listed in paragraphs (1) and (2) of this section. (1) You must take necessary corrective action to eliminate the problem and perform tests, as appropriate, to ensure that the corrective action was successful. (i) Following corrective action, you must repeat the previously failed audit to confirm that your PM CEMS is operating within the specifications. (ii) If your PM CEMS failed an RRA, you must take corrective action until your PM CEMS passes the RRA criteria. If the RRA criteria cannot be achieved, youmust perform an RCA. (iii) If your PM CEMS failed an RCA, you must follow procedures specified in section 10.6 of this procedure. (2) You must report both the audit showing your PM CEMS to be out of control and the results of the audit following corrective action showing your PM CEMS to be operating within specifications. 10.6 What do I do if my PM CEMS fails an RCA? After an RCA failure, you must take all applicable actions listed in paragraphs (1) through (3) of this section. (1) Combine RCA data with data from the active PM CEMS correlation and perform the mathematical evaluations defined in PS-11 for development of a PM CEMS correlation, including examination of alternate correlation models (i.e., linear, polynomial, logarithmic, exponential, and power). If the expanded data base and revised correlation meet PS-11 statistical criteria, use the revised correlation. (2) If the criteria specified in paragraph (1) of this section are not achieved, you must develop a new PM CEMS correlation based on revised data. The revised data set must consist of the test results from only the RCA. The new data must meet all requirements of PS-11 to develop a revised PM CEMS correlation, except that theminimum number of sets of PM CEMS and reference method

measurements is 12 instead of the minimum of 15 sets required by PS-11. Your PM CEMS is considered to be back in controlled status when the revised correlation meets all of the performance criteria specified in section 13.2

of PS-11. (3) If the actions in paragraphs (1) and (2) of this section do not result in an acceptable correlation, you must evaluate the cause(s) and comply with the actions listed in paragraphs (3)(i) through (iv) of this section within 90 days after the completion of the failed RCA. (i) Completely inspect your PM CEMS for mechanical or operational problems. If you find a mechanical or operational problem, repair your PM CEMS and repeat the

RCA. (ii) You may need to relocate your PM CEMS to a more appropriate measurement location. If you relocate your PM CEMS, you must perform a new correlation test according to the procedures specified in PS-11. (iii) The characteristics of the PM or gas in your source’s flue gas stream may have changed such that your PM CEMS measurement technology is no longer appropriate. If this is the case, you must install a PM CEMS with measurement technology that is appropriate for yoursource’s flue gas characteristics. You must perform a new

correlation test according to the procedures specified in

PS-11. (iv) If the corrective actions in paragraphs (3)(i) through (iii) of this section were not successful, you must petition us, the State, or local agency for approval of alternative criteria or an alternative for continuous PM monitoring.

10.7 When does the out-of-control period begin and end? The out-of-control period begins immediately after the last test run or check of an unsuccessful RCA, RRA, ACA, SVA, drift check, or sample volume check. The out-of-control period ends immediately after the last test run or check of the subsequent successful audit or drift

check. 10.8 Can I use the data recorded by my PM CEMS during out-of-control periods? During any period when your PM CEMS is out of control, you may not use your PM CEMS data to calculate emission compliance or to meet minimum data availability requirements described in the applicable regulation. 10.9 What are the QA/QC reporting requirements for my PM CEMS? You must report the accuracy results for your PM CEMS, specified in section 10.4 of this procedure, atthe interval specified in the applicable regulation.

Report the drift and accuracy information as a Data Assessment Report (DAR), and include one copy of this DAR for each quarterly audit with the report of emissions required under the applicable regulation. An example DAR is provided in Procedure 1, Appendix F of this part. 10.10 What minimum information must I include in my DAR? As a minimum, you must include the information listed in paragraphs (1) through (5) of this section in

the DAR: (1) Your name and address. (2) Identification and location of monitors in your

CEMS. (3) Manufacturer and model number of each monitor in your CEMS. (4) Assessment of PM CEMS data accuracy/acceptability, and date of assessment, as determined by an RCA, RRA, ACA, or SVA described in section 10, including the acceptability determination for the RCA or RRA, the accuracy for the ACA or SVA, the reference method results, the audit standards, your PM CEMS responses, and the calculation results as defined in section 12. If the accuracy audit results show your PM CEMS to be out of control, you must report both the auditresults showing your PM CEMS to be out of control and the

results of the audit following corrective action showing your PM CEMS to be operating within specifications. (5) Summary of all corrective actions you took when you determined your PM CEMS to be out of control, as described in section 10.5, or after failing an RCA, as described in section 10.6. 10.7 Where and how long must I retain the QA data that this procedure requires me to record for my PM CEMS? You must keep the records required by this procedure for your PM CEMS onsite and available for inspection by us, the State, and/or local enforcement agency for a period of 5 years.

11.0 What analytical procedures apply to this procedure? Sample collection and analysis are concurrent for this procedure. You must refer to the appropriate reference method for the specific analytical procedures.

12.0 What calculations and data analysis must I perform for my PM CEMS ? (1) How do I determine RCA and RRA acceptability? You must plot each of your PM CEMS and reference method data sets from an RCA or RRA on a graph based on your PM CEMS correlation line to determine if the criteria in paragraphs 10.4(5) or (6), respectively, are met.(2) How do I calculate ACA accuracy? You must use

Equation 2-1 to calculate ACA accuracy for each of the three audit points:

(Eq. 2-1) ACA Accuracy R R R 100 CEM V

V = − ×

where: ACA Accuracy = The ACA accuracy at each audit point, in percent,

R CEM = Your PM CEMS response to the reference

standard, and

RV = The reference standard value. (3) How do I calculate daily upscale and zero drift? You must calculate the upscale drift using to Equation 2-2 and the zero drift according to Equation 2-3:

(Eq. 2-2) UD R R R 100 CEM U

U = − ×

where:

UD = The upscale drift of your PM CEMS, in

percent,

R CEM = Your PM CEMS response to the upscale check

value, andRU = The upscale check value.

(Eq. 2-3) ZD R R R 100 CEM L

U = − ×

where:

ZD = The zero (low-level) drift of your PM CEMS,

in percent,

R CEM = Your PM CEMS response of the zero check

value,

R L = The zero check value, and

RU = The upscale check value. (4) How do I calculate SVA accuracy? You must use Equation 2-4 to calculate the accuracy, in percent, for each of the three SVA tests or the daily sample volume

check:

(Eq. 2-4) 

### ( ) Accuracy V V

FS 100 R M = − ×

where:

VM = Sample gas volume determined/reported by

your PM CEMS (e.g., dscm),

VR = Sample gas volume measured by the

independent calibrated reference device (e.g., dscm) for the SVA or the referencevalue for the daily sample volume check,

and

FS = Full-scale value. Note: Before calculating SVA accuracy, you must correct the sample gas volumes measured by your PM CEMS and the independent calibrated reference device to the same basis of temperature, pressure, and moisture content. You must document all data and calculations.

13.0 Method Performance. [Reserved]

14.0 Pollution Prevention. [Reserved]

15.0 Waste Management. [Reserved]

16.0 Which references are relevant to this method? [Reserved]

17.0 What tables, diagrams, flowcharts, and validation data are relevant to this method? [Reserved]