Funded in part by the International Atomic Energy Agency 

DATABASE DICTIONARY FOR ETHIOPIAN NATIONAL 

GROUND-WATER DATABASE (ENGDA) DATA FIELDS 

Open-File Report 2007–1099 

U.S. Department of the Interior 

U.S. Geological Survey 

U.S. Department of the Interior 

U.S. Geological Survey 

DATABASE DICTIONARY FOR ETHIOPIAN NATIONAL 

GROUND-WATER DATABASE (ENGDA) DATA FIELDS 

By Eve L. Kuniansky, David W. Litke, and Patrick Tucci 

Open-File Report 2007–1099 

Funded in part by the International Atomic Energy Agency 

Reston, Virginia 

2007 
U.S. Department of the Interior 

DIRK KEMPTHORNE, SECRETARY 

U.S. Geological Survey 

MARK MEYERS, DIRECTOR 

U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia 2007 

For product and ordering information: 


World Wide Web: http://www.usgs.gov/pubprod


Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS 


For more information on the USGS—the Federal source for science about the Earth, 


its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment: 


World Wide Web: http://www.usgs.gov 


Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS 


Suggested citation: 


Kuniansky, E.L., Litke, D.W., and Tucci, Patrick, 2007.Database dictionary for Ethiopian National Ground-


Water Database (ENGDA) data fields: http://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr20071099 


U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1099, 131p. This publication is available from the internet 

site above. 

Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply 

endorsement by the U.S. Government. 

This report is in the public domain and is published as a print on demand document
Contents 

INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................................................................................... 1

Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................................................................. 1

DATA ENTRY CONVENTIONS .............................................................................................................................................. 3

Measurement Units.................................................................................................................................................................. 3

Dates and Times ...................................................................................................................................................................... 3

Floating Point Numbers........................................................................................................................................................... 3

BASIC SITE DATA FIELDS ..................................................................................................................................................... 4

Site Identification Fields.......................................................................................................................................................... 4

Site Identifier [REQUIRED] ............................................................................................................................................... 4

Site Name [REQUIRED]..................................................................................................................................................... 5

Locality [REQUIRED]........................................................................................................................................................ 5

Region ................................................................................................................................................................................. 6

Zone..................................................................................................................................................................................... 6

District................................................................................................................................................................................. 7

Village ................................................................................................................................................................................. 7

Borehole or Spring Location Fields......................................................................................................................................... 7

Latitude................................................................................................................................................................................ 9

Longitude............................................................................................................................................................................. 9

Lat/Long Method................................................................................................................................................................. 9

Lat/Long Datum ................................................................................................................................................................ 10

UTM Easting ..................................................................................................................................................................... 10

UTM Northing................................................................................................................................................................... 11

UTM Method..................................................................................................................................................................... 11

UTM Datum ...................................................................................................................................................................... 11

UTM Zone......................................................................................................................................................................... 12

Coordinate Method............................................................................................................................................................ 12

Map 1/50000 Sheet............................................................................................................................................................ 13

Map 1/250000 Sheet.......................................................................................................................................................... 13

Altitude.............................................................................................................................................................................. 13

Altitude Method................................................................................................................................................................. 14

Altitude Accuracy.............................................................................................................................................................. 14

Major River Basin ............................................................................................................................................................. 14

Borehole Attributes ............................................................................................................................................................... 15

Borehole Type ................................................................................................................................................................... 15

Hole Depth ........................................................................................................................................................................ 15

Hole Diameter ................................................................................................................................................................... 16

Year Constructed............................................................................................................................................................... 16

Site Use.............................................................................................................................................................................. 17

Site Status.......................................................................................................................................................................... 17

Project................................................................................................................................................................................ 17

Geologist Siting Borehole ................................................................................................................................................. 18

Site Location Method ........................................................................................................................................................ 18

Topographic Setting .......................................................................................................................................................... 19

Principal Aquifer Lithology............................................................................................................................................... 20

Aquifer Type ..................................................................................................................................................................... 21

Aquifer Name .................................................................................................................................................................... 21

Alternate Site Name .......................................................................................................................................................... 22

Additional Borehole or Spring Attributes.............................................................................................................................. 22

Owner Name ..................................................................................................................................................................... 22

Owner Address .................................................................................................................................................................. 22

Site Location Description .................................................................................................................................................. 23

Source of Data ................................................................................................................................................................... 23

Inventoried By................................................................................................................................................................... 23

Date Inventoried ................................................................................................................................................................ 24

- i -
Contents Continued 

Owner Permission ............................................................................................................................................................. 24

Spring Location ..................................................................................................................................................................... 25

Spring Altitude Information .................................................................................................................................................. 25

Pool Altitude...................................................................................................................................................................... 25

Pool Altitude Method ........................................................................................................................................................ 25

Pool Altitude Accuracy ..................................................................................................................................................... 25

Spring Attributes ................................................................................................................................................................... 26

Spring Type ....................................................................................................................................................................... 26

Spring Development.......................................................................................................................................................... 27

Year Spring Developed ..................................................................................................................................................... 27

Spring Development Possibility ........................................................................................................................................ 27

Spring Rock Type.............................................................................................................................................................. 28

Spring Permanence............................................................................................................................................................ 28

Spring Protection Condition .............................................................................................................................................. 29

Spring Sanitary Condition ................................................................................................................................................. 29

WELL DRILLING AND CONSTRUCTION DATA FIELDS ................................................................................................ 30

Well Construction Event Fields............................................................................................................................................. 30

Construction Event Number [REQUIRED] ...................................................................................................................... 30

Construction Start Date [REQUIRED].............................................................................................................................. 30

Construction End Date [REQUIRED]............................................................................................................................... 30

Construction Supervisor .................................................................................................................................................... 31

Construction Comment...................................................................................................................................................... 31

Drilling Data Fields ............................................................................................................................................................... 32

Start Date [REQUIRED] ................................................................................................................................................... 32

End Date [REQUIRED] .................................................................................................................................................... 32

Interval Top [REQUIRED] ............................................................................................................................................... 32

Interval Bottom [REQUIRED].......................................................................................................................................... 33

Diameter ............................................................................................................................................................................ 33

General Rock Type............................................................................................................................................................ 33

Driller Name...................................................................................................................................................................... 33

Drilling Method................................................................................................................................................................. 34

Rig Number ....................................................................................................................................................................... 34

Drill Bit Number................................................................................................................................................................ 35

Hammer Number............................................................................................................................................................... 35

Drilling Fluid..................................................................................................................................................................... 35

Comment ........................................................................................................................................................................... 36

Hole Data Fields.................................................................................................................................................................... 36

Interval Top [REQUIRED] ............................................................................................................................................... 36

Interval Bottom [REQUIRED].......................................................................................................................................... 36

Diameter ............................................................................................................................................................................ 37

WATER STRUCK DATA .................................................................................................................................................... 37

Interval Top [REQUIRED] ............................................................................................................................................... 37

Interval Bottom.................................................................................................................................................................. 37

Yield .................................................................................................................................................................................. 38

Water Level ....................................................................................................................................................................... 38

Date Struck ........................................................................................................................................................................ 38

Casing/Screen Data ............................................................................................................................................................... 39

Casing Start Date............................................................................................................................................................... 39

Casing End Date ................................................................................................................................................................ 39

Casing Supervisor.............................................................................................................................................................. 39

Casing Rig Number ........................................................................................................................................................... 40

Interval Top [REQUIRED] ............................................................................................................................................... 40

Interval Bottom [REQUIRED].......................................................................................................................................... 40

Material ............................................................................................................................................................................. 41

Casing Diameter ................................................................................................................................................................ 41

Material Thickness ............................................................................................................................................................ 41

- ii -
Contents Continued 

Casing/Screen Type........................................................................................................................................................... 42

Opening Length................................................................................................................................................................. 42

Opening Width .................................................................................................................................................................. 43

Packing/Filling Data Fields ................................................................................................................................................... 43

Packing Start Date ............................................................................................................................................................. 43

Packing End Date .............................................................................................................................................................. 43

Packing Supervisor............................................................................................................................................................ 44

Packing Rig Number ......................................................................................................................................................... 44

Interval Top [REQUIRED] ............................................................................................................................................... 44

Interval Bottom [REQUIRED].......................................................................................................................................... 45

Filling Material.................................................................................................................................................................. 45

Packing Material................................................................................................................................................................ 45

Grain Size .......................................................................................................................................................................... 46

Quantity............................................................................................................................................................................. 46

Comment ........................................................................................................................................................................... 46

Well Development Data Fields.............................................................................................................................................. 46

Start Date........................................................................................................................................................................... 47

End Date ............................................................................................................................................................................ 47

Development Contractor.................................................................................................................................................... 47

Developer Name................................................................................................................................................................ 47

Developer Rig Number...................................................................................................................................................... 48

Duration of Development .................................................................................................................................................. 48

Development Method ........................................................................................................................................................ 48

Pump Description .............................................................................................................................................................. 49

Pump Capacity................................................................................................................................................................ 49

Pump Position ................................................................................................................................................................. 50

Comments.......................................................................................................................................................................... 50

Additional Equipment ....................................................................................................................................................... 50

LITHOLOGIC DESCRIPTION DATA FIELDS...................................................................................................................... 51

Fields for Determining Depth Interval .................................................................................................................................. 51

Interval Top [REQUIRED] ............................................................................................................................................... 51

Interval Bottom [REQUIRED].......................................................................................................................................... 51

Fields for Defining Lithology of a Selected Interval............................................................................................................. 51

Lithology Code.................................................................................................................................................................. 51

Primary Colours................................................................................................................................................................. 54

Secondary Colours............................................................................................................................................................. 54

Texture............................................................................................................................................................................... 55

Primary and Secondary Features ....................................................................................................................................... 56

Feature Attributes .............................................................................................................................................................. 56

Sorting ............................................................................................................................................................................... 57

Roundness ......................................................................................................................................................................... 57

Geologist ........................................................................................................................................................................... 58

AQUIFER TEST DATA FIELDS............................................................................................................................................. 59

General Aquifer Test Information ......................................................................................................................................... 59

Aquifer Test Number [REQUIRED]................................................................................................................................. 59

Aquifer Test Start Date [REQUIRED] .............................................................................................................................. 59

Aquifer Test End Date [REQUIRED] ............................................................................................................................... 59

Duration of Aquifer Test ................................................................................................................................................... 60

Agency Conducting Test ................................................................................................................................................... 60

Aquifer Test Type.............................................................................................................................................................. 60

Aquifer Test Comment ...................................................................................................................................................... 61

Observation Well Characteristics .......................................................................................................................................... 61

Observation Well Name [REQUIRED]............................................................................................................................. 61

Observation Well Azimuth................................................................................................................................................ 61

Observation Well Distance [REQUIRED] ........................................................................................................................ 62

Test Well Characteristics....................................................................................................................................................... 62

- iii -
Contents Continued 

Casing Diameter ................................................................................................................................................................ 62

Annulus Diameter.............................................................................................................................................................. 63

Screen Length.................................................................................................................................................................... 63

Depth to Screen Top.......................................................................................................................................................... 63

Fill Material....................................................................................................................................................................... 64

Packing Material................................................................................................................................................................ 64

Depth to Aquifer Top ........................................................................................................................................................ 64

Depth to Aquifer Bottom................................................................................................................................................... 65

Aquifer Material ................................................................................................................................................................ 65

Static Water Level ............................................................................................................................................................. 66

Confining Layer Thickness ............................................................................................................................................... 66

Aquifer Test Characteristics .................................................................................................................................................. 66

Safe Yield.......................................................................................................................................................................... 66

Pump Type ........................................................................................................................................................................ 67

Pump Suction .................................................................................................................................................................... 67

Discharge Method ............................................................................................................................................................. 67

Suction Depth .................................................................................................................................................................... 68

Working Water Level ........................................................................................................................................................ 68

Test Flow Rate................................................................................................................................................................... 68

Constant Drawdown .......................................................................................................................................................... 69

Assumed Storage Coefficient ............................................................................................................................................ 69

Slug Test Characteristics ....................................................................................................................................................... 69

Slug Type .......................................................................................................................................................................... 69

Slug Length ....................................................................................................................................................................... 70

Slug Diameter.................................................................................................................................................................... 70

Slug Length (Air Slug) ...................................................................................................................................................... 70

Slug Volume...................................................................................................................................................................... 70

Water Level and Discharge Data Fields ................................................................................................................................ 71

Water Level Date/Time [REQUIRED] ............................................................................................................................. 71

Water Level ....................................................................................................................................................................... 71

Pump Discharge................................................................................................................................................................. 71

Water Temperature............................................................................................................................................................ 72

Water Conductivity ........................................................................................................................................................... 72

Turbidity............................................................................................................................................................................ 72

Appearance........................................................................................................................................................................ 73

Comment ........................................................................................................................................................................... 73

Pumping Test Results............................................................................................................................................................ 73

Result Estimation Date ...................................................................................................................................................... 73

Transmissivity ................................................................................................................................................................... 73

Hydraulic Conductivity ..................................................................................................................................................... 74

Specific Storage................................................................................................................................................................. 74

Storage Coefficient............................................................................................................................................................ 74

WATER USE, DISCHARGE, AND WATER LEVEL DATA FIELDS.................................................................................. 76

Water Use Data Fields........................................................................................................................................................... 76

Water Use Year/Month [REQUIRED].............................................................................................................................. 76

Domestic Use .................................................................................................................................................................... 76

Irrigation Use..................................................................................................................................................................... 76

Mining Use ........................................................................................................................................................................ 77

Industrial Use .................................................................................................................................................................... 77

Public Supply Use ............................................................................................................................................................. 77

Stock Watering Use........................................................................................................................................................... 77

Geothermal Use ................................................................................................................................................................. 78

Mixed Use ......................................................................................................................................................................... 78

Other Use........................................................................................................................................................................... 78

Data Source ....................................................................................................................................................................... 79

Method............................................................................................................................................................................... 79

- iv - 
Contents Continued 

Discharge Data Fields............................................................................................................................................................ 79

Date Discharge Measured [REQUIRED].......................................................................................................................... 79

Discharge........................................................................................................................................................................... 80

Measurement Method........................................................................................................................................................ 80

Type of Discharge ............................................................................................................................................................. 80

Measured By...................................................................................................................................................................... 81

Comment ........................................................................................................................................................................... 81

Water Level Data Fields........................................................................................................................................................ 81

Date/Time Water Level Measured [REQUIRED]............................................................................................................. 82

Held ................................................................................................................................................................................... 82

Cut ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 82

Equipment ID .................................................................................................................................................................... 82

Water Level ....................................................................................................................................................................... 83

Measurement Method........................................................................................................................................................ 83

Well Status ........................................................................................................................................................................ 83

Measuring Point Description............................................................................................................................................. 84

Measuring Point Height..................................................................................................................................................... 84

Measured By...................................................................................................................................................................... 85

PUMP AND BOREHOLE GEOPHYSICAL LOGS DATA FIELDS...................................................................................... 86

Data Fields for Each Pump Installation................................................................................................................................. 86

Pump Number [REQUIRED]............................................................................................................................................ 86

Pump Installation Contractor............................................................................................................................................. 86

Pump Installation Supervisor............................................................................................................................................. 86

Pump Install Date .............................................................................................................................................................. 87

Pump Removal Date.......................................................................................................................................................... 87

Pump Type ........................................................................................................................................................................ 87

Intake Depth ...................................................................................................................................................................... 88

Pump Rating ...................................................................................................................................................................... 88

Power Type........................................................................................................................................................................ 89

Pump Horsepower ............................................................................................................................................................. 89

Pump Manufacturer........................................................................................................................................................... 89

Pump Serial Number ......................................................................................................................................................... 90

Pump Capacity................................................................................................................................................................... 90

Geophysical Logs Data Fields.............................................................................................................................................. 90

Logging Date [REQUIRED] ............................................................................................................................................. 90

Log Type [REQUIRED].................................................................................................................................................... 91

Logging Agency ................................................................................................................................................................ 91

Log File Name................................................................................................................................................................... 92

HYDROCHEMISTRY DATA FIELDS ................................................................................................................................... 93

Sample Information............................................................................................................................................................... 93

Sample Date/Time [REQUIRED] ..................................................................................................................................... 93

Sample Type...................................................................................................................................................................... 93

Sampled By ....................................................................................................................................................................... 93

Sampling Agency .............................................................................................................................................................. 94

Sampling Project ............................................................................................................................................................... 94

Sample Number................................................................................................................................................................. 94

Sampling Method .............................................................................................................................................................. 95

Well Depth ........................................................................................................................................................................ 95

Water Level ....................................................................................................................................................................... 95

Purging Information .............................................................................................................................................................. 96

Well Status ........................................................................................................................................................................ 96

Pumping Rate .................................................................................................................................................................... 96

Pump Time ........................................................................................................................................................................ 97

Volume Pumped ................................................................................................................................................................ 97

Height of Water ................................................................................................................................................................. 97

Casing Diameter ................................................................................................................................................................ 97

 - v - 
Contents Continued 

Casing Volume .................................................................................................................................................................. 97

Casing Volumes Purged .................................................................................................................................................... 98

Water Quality Field Measurements....................................................................................................................................... 98

Time .................................................................................................................................................................................. 98

Final Temperature ............................................................................................................................................................. 98

Final Conductivity............................................................................................................................................................. 98

DO ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 99

pH...................................................................................................................................................................................... 99

Bicarbonate........................................................................................................................................................................ 99

Carbonate........................................................................................................................................................................... 99

Alkalinity........................................................................................................................................................................... 99

Other Field Parameters .................................................................................................................................................... 100

Sample Bottle Information .................................................................................................................................................. 100

Bottle Number ................................................................................................................................................................. 100

Bottle Type ...................................................................................................................................................................... 100

Filter Size ........................................................................................................................................................................ 100

Bottle Size ....................................................................................................................................................................... 100

Acid Type ........................................................................................................................................................................ 100

Laboratory ....................................................................................................................................................................... 101

QA Type .......................................................................................................................................................................... 101

Sample Remarks.............................................................................................................................................................. 101

Laboratory Information ....................................................................................................................................................... 101

Filtration .......................................................................................................................................................................... 101

Acidification.................................................................................................................................................................... 102

Date of Analyses.............................................................................................................................................................. 102

Water-Quality Results ......................................................................................................................................................... 102

Parameter Code ............................................................................................................................................................... 102

Result............................................................................................................................................................................... 103

SYSTEM DATA FIELDS....................................................................................................................................................... 105

Fields for Site Identification and Creation........................................................................................................................... 105

ID [REQUIRED]............................................................................................................................................................. 105

Record Created Date/Time [REQUIRED] ...................................................................................................................... 105

Fields for Tracking Modification of Records ...................................................................................................................... 106

Record Modified Date/Time [REQUIRED].................................................................................................................... 106

Record Created User Name [REQUIRED] ..................................................................................................................... 106

Record Modified User Name [REQUIRED]................................................................................................................... 106

REFERENCES........................................................................................................................................................................ 107

ATTACHMENT 1. Conversion Factors.................................................................................................................................. 108

ATTACHMENT 2. Selected Field Forms Designed for the ENGDA Database..................................................................... 109

 - vi - 
Database Dictionary for Ethiopian National Ground-Water DAtabase (ENGDA) Data 

Fields 

By Eve L. Kuniansky, David W. Litke, and Patrick Tucci 

INTRODUCTION 

This document describes the data fields that are used for both field forms and the Ethiopian National Ground-water Database 

(ENGDA) tables associated with information stored about production wells, springs, test holes, test wells, and water level or 

water-quality observation wells. Several different words are used in this database dictionary and in the ENGDA database to 

describe a narrow shaft constructed in the ground. The most general term is borehole, which is applicable to any type of hole. 

A well is a borehole specifically constructed to extract water from the ground; however, for this data dictionary and for the 

ENGDA database, the words well and borehole are used interchangeably. A production well is defined as any well used for 

water supply and includes hand-dug wells, small-diameter bored wells equipped with hand pumps, or large-diameter bored 

wells equipped with large-capacity motorized pumps. Test holes are borings made to collect information about the 

subsurface with continuous core or non-continuous core and/or where geophysical logs are collected. Test holes are not 

converted into wells. A test well is a well constructed for hydraulic testing of an aquifer in order to plan a larger groundwater production system. A water-level or water-quality observation well is a well that is used to collect information 

about an aquifer and not used for water supply. A spring is any naturally flowing, local, ground-water discharge site. 

The database dictionary is designed to help define all fields on both field data collection forms (provided in attachment 2 of 

this report) and for the ENGDA software screen entry forms (described in Litke, 2007). The data entered into each screen 

entry field are stored in relational database tables within the computer database. The organization of the database dictionary 

is designed based on field data collection and the field forms, because this is what the majority of people will use. After each 

field, however, the ENGDA database field name and relational database table is designated; along with the ENGDA screen 

entry form(s) and the ENGDA field form (attachment 2). 

The database dictionary is separated into sections. The first section, Basic Site Data Fields, describes the basic site 

information that is similar for all of the different types of sites. The remaining sections may be applicable for only one type 

of site; for example, the Well Drilling and Construction Data Fields and Lithologic Description Data Fields are applicable 

to boreholes and not to springs. Attachment 1 contains a table for conversion from English to metric units. Attachment 2 

contains selected field forms used in conjunction with ENGDA. 

A separate document, “Users Reference Manual for the Ethiopian National Ground-Water DAtabase (ENGDA),” by David 

W. Litke was developed as a users guide for the computer database and screen entry. This database dictionary serves as a 

reference for both the field forms and the computer database. Every effort has been made to have identical field names 

between the field forms and the screen entry forms in order to avoid confusion. 

Acknowledgements 

The data fields have been developed by members of the Ethiopian Ministry of Water Resources (MoWR), the Geological 

Survey of Ethiopia (GSE), the Addis Ababa Water and Sewer Authority (AAWSA), Addis Ababa University (AAU), and the 

U.S. Department of the Interior, Geological Survey (USGS). This database work group first began developing the database in 

October, 2000. The data fields were selected by using the best aspects of several existing ground-water databases used by 

members of the working group. The development of the field forms, documentation manuals, and the ENGDA database was 

supported by funding by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and the USGS. The field forms have been tested 

by use in Ground-Water Field Methods classes taught at the MoWR/Japanese International Cooperative Association (JICA) 

ground-water training facility in Addis Ababa. 

The databases most heavily borrowed from are the USGS Ground-Water Site Inventory database (Babcock and others, 2004; 

USGS, 1999, 2001), the Environmental Information System (USGS, 2003), and lithologic field definitions from a South 

African Database (Hodgsen and others, 1993). 

 - 1 - 
The database working group consisted of Eve L. Kuniansky, David W. Litke, and Patrick Tucci, USGS; Atakelte Teferie and 

Eyilachew Yitayew, MoWR; Yohannes Belete, Bisrat Lemma, and Shiferaw Ayele, GSE; Yirga Tadesse, AAWSA; and Dr. 

Tenalem Ayenew, AAU. 

The Microsoft Access©database with Visual Basic forms developed for ENGDA was modified from the Environmental 

Information System (ENVIS) database developed for Cyprus by James A. Bisese and David W. Litke, USGS. The ENVIS 

database was funded by U.S. AID and the U.S. Department of State (U.S. Geological Survey, 2003). 

The Ethiopian Science and Technology Agency (ESTA) helped coordinate the development of ENGDA, by coordinating 

with IAEA, MoWR, GSE, JICA, and AAU. During USGS missions to Ethiopia, Fanta Dismissie and Abebe Mekurio helped 

arrange transportation and coordination for the development of ENGDA. The authors wish to express gratitude for the 

assistance of Fanta Dismissie and to Ato Mulugeta Amha, the General Director of ESTA. The authors appreciate the support 

of Dr. Katema Tadesse, General Manager of GSE and Ato Mesfin Tegene, Vice Minister of MoWR and Ato Markos Tefera 

and Dr. Yuji Maruo, of the MoWR/JICA training facility. 

Finally the authors would like to acknowledge the reviews of the manuscript by Linda Geiger and Keith McFadden of the 

USGS. 

 - 2 - 
DATA ENTRY CONVENTIONS 

This section describes standardized conventions for data entry into the ENGDA database. 

Measurement Units 

Units for measured quantities are in the metric system. Depths are recorded in meters, and generally are considered to have a 

maximum accuracy of 0.01 meters. Other units of length are recorded either in meters or centimeters. Volumes generally are 

recorded in liters, and pumping rates are recorded in m3

/hr. 

Dates and Times 

Dates are recorded in the Julian calendar system. The format dd/mm/yyyy is the preferred format. 

Times are recorded in the 24-hour format. When entering a combined date/time value, use a space between the date and the 

time and a colon between the hours and minutes: 

Example: 22/06/1947 13:25 

Dates and times may be entered very often in the ENGDA database for documenting when data were collected and 

measurements were made; however, the only situation where a date/time is required is for water level measurements. 

In some cases, only a partial date may be known. For example, it may be known that a water sample was collected in June 

1965, but the day of the sampling may not be known. The ENDGA database requires that complete dates be entered (as 

dd/mm/yyyy), so that in this case, the user may decide not to enter a date, or may enter a surrogate date, using the following 

conventions: 

a) Date unknown; enter 1/1/9999 as a surrogate date 

b) Only the year is known; enter 15/6/yyyy where yyyy is the known year 

c) The year and month are known; enter 15/mm/yyyy where mm is the month and yyyy is the year 

d) The year, month, and day are known; enter dd/mm/yyyy where mm is the month, dd is the day, and yyyy is the year 

e) The year, month, day, and time are known; enter dd/mm/yyyy hh:mm where mm is the month, dd is the day, and 

yyyy is the year, hh is the hour, and mm is the minute 

Surrogate dates are useful because known information is recorded, but they also are misleading because higher precision is 

implied. When using surrogate dates, use a comment field, if available, to indicate that the date is estimated. 

Floating Point Numbers 

For entering floating-point numbers, the English (American) system should be used. The English system is to use commas to 

separate groups of three digits and the dot is used to separate the whole number part from the fraction (1,124.46). The 

computer should be set for this style of data entry when entering data into the ENGDA database. 

 - 3 - 
BASIC SITE DATA FIELDS 

These data fields are necessary for describing borehole and spring site locations and basic attributes. Much of this 

information is recorded on the field forms named “Form for Record of Well Inventory” and “Form for Record of Spring 

Inventory” (Attachment 2) and is entered into ENGDA on the appropriate computer screen entry form, such as, Site 

Information Screen (“Borehole Site Information Screen” or Spring Site Information Screen”). Fields that must be entered 

into ENGDA are designated as “[REQUIRED]”. However, it is important to enter as much information as is known by the 

person locating the well or spring when completing the information on the field forms for Well Inventory or Spring Inventory 

(Atttachment 2). 

Well and spring inventories are conducted in order to gain an understanding of the groundwater resources in an area. 

The inventory consists of having trained people that go to a region to locate all of the wells and springs in the region and 

collect information about how each well is constructed, what type of pump is on the well, what the water level is in the well 

when the pump is turned off and any lithologic data that was collected during the drilling of the well. If available any 

pumping test information that was collected by the well driller in order to size the pump for the well, such as results of a 

specific capacity or step drawdown test should be recorded, also. Additionally, location information is obtained about 

springs, the spring discharge, topographic setting and any constructed improvements to the spring pool. A water-quality 

sample may be collected at the well or spring, depending on the study. However, water quality sampling procedures will not 

be covered in this manual. 

In Ethiopia, many organizations both governmental and non-governmental are drilling wells, such as, the Ministry 

of Water Resources, the Ethiopian Orthodox Church, the Geological Survey of Ethiopia, and Regional Bureaus. Currently, 

no one agency is gathering information about the wells in Ethiopia. Springs, however, are sometimes indicated on 

topographic maps, but may not be entered into the ENGDA database. 

The goal of the inventory is to collect as much information as possible about wells and springs in an area. Even 

records of unsuccessful well drilling efforts are important. The location and depth of dry or low water-yielding wells or wells 

with poor quality water is important information to collect. This information when combined with geologic mapping helps in 

determining what geologic formations are likely to provide or not provide ground water. 

It is important to fill out the data fields for defining the method and accuracy of the location coordinate information obtained 

during a well or spring inventory. 

Site Identification Fields 

The following fields are used to help identify the sites. Fields such as the site identifier are generated by the database from 

the Site Name and Locality fields. Before conducting well or spring inventories in any region, a report of the existing sites 

in the database should be generated, so that duplicate sites are not accidentally created by completing new well inventory 

forms for existing wells. 

Site Identifier [REQUIRED] 

Description: This is the unique identifier for all sites. The Site Identifier is a combination of the Site Name and the 

Locality, separated by a space. When data are entered into ENGDA, this field will be filled out automatically based on the 

Site Name and the Locality that are entered. On field forms, fill out the Site Name field and the Locality field. Rules for 

filling out these fields are described below. 

NOTE: When a new site is established in ENGDA, an internal number is assigned to that site, and this internal number is the 

key upon which all data for that site is stored in the database. At a later date, a user may change the Site Identifier for the 

site by changing either the Site Name or the Locality, or both, but the internal site number will never change. 

Data Type: Text string, not to exceed 120 characters 

 - 4 - 
Example: Site Identifier 39032313460801 ADDIS ABABA, WEREDA 03

 Site Identifier Lost Springs Agilio, Dubti

 Site Identifier SC-435 Unknown Village 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: site_nm in the geo_geography table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Created by ENGDA based on the Site Name and Locality when entering new site using the 

Create New Site form accessed through the Site Information form. The Site Identifier can be edited using the Site 

Information form. 

ENGDA Field Form: none 

Site Name [REQUIRED] 

Description: A short text name (maximum of 50 characters) for the site. If the latitude and longitude of the site are known, 

the Site Name can consist of 14 characters that are the concatenation of latitude in degrees, minutes, and seconds (DMS), 

longitude in DMS, and a 2-digit sequence number. If latitude and longitude are not known, the Site Name can consist of a 

commonly used code for the site, or a commonly known name for the site. 

Data Type: Text string, not to exceed 50 characters 

Examples: Site Name 39032313460801 

Site Name Lost Springs 

Site Name SC-435 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: serial_nu_tx in the geo_geography table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Entered by the user for new site using the Create New Site screen form accessed through 

Borehole (or Spring) Site Information screen form. The Site Name can be edited using Borehole (or Spring) Site Information 

screen form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Well and Spring Inventory forms. For most other field forms, the Site Name should be filled out in 

the office prior to visiting the site. The Site Name is included on all field forms. 

Locality [REQUIRED] 

Description: The village that the site is near. Because there are duplicate village names in Ethiopia, a distinct Locality name 

is made by combining the Village name with the District name. For filling out field forms, refer to a hard copy of the Locality

table to determine the proper Locality name. When entering data into ENGDA, select a value for Locality using the list boxes 

on the computer forms. If the nearest Village name is not known, select ‘Unknown Village’ for the Locality. 

Data Type: List, 6-digit (maximum) integer code 

10001 ADDIS ABABA, WEREDA 03

(See the com_village_cd_lut table for a complete list of villages and their locations.) 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: village_id in the geo_geography table. Links to the com_village_cd_lut where the locality 

name (village_nm) is stored. Each village is assigned a unique village_id that is calculated by multiplying the Region code

by 10000 and then adding a sequence number, where the sequence number is a consecutive integer assigned by sorting the 

com_village_cd_lut table by Region-District-Zone-Village. 

 - 5 - 
ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Selected by the user for a new site from a list on the Create New Site form accessed through 

the Site Information form. The Locality can be edited using the Site Information form. New villages can be added to the 

database by using the “Add Village” menu option in the ENGDA database. 

ENGDA Field Form: Well and Spring Inventory forms. For most other field forms, the site name should be filled out in the 

office prior to visiting the site. The Site Name is on all forms, however not all of the other related data fields, such as Region 

or Zone, are on all of the forms. 

Region 

Description: The Ethiopian National Regional States as of 2000. A Region named ‘Unknown’ was added to the list so that a 

Region can be assigned to each site, even when the Region is not known (site location not known). Once a Locality has been 

assigned to a site, the Region-Zone-District for that village can be inferred by looking it up in the com_village_cd_lut table; 

therefore, this information does not have to be entered by the user. The Hagier-Awraja-Wereda (old administrative 

classification) for a village can also be looked up in the com_village_cd_lut table. Regions were assigned a Region ID as 

follows: 

Data Type: List, 2-digit code 

1 Addis Ababa 

2 Afar 

3 Amhara 

4 Benishangul-Gumuz 

5 Dire Dawa 

6 Gambella 

7 Harari 

8 Oromia 

9 SNNPR (Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples Republic) 

10 Somali 

11 Tigray 

12 Unknown 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: district_cd in the geo_geography table. (NOTE: Pre-existing district_cd field used for 

Regions due to ENGDA programming constraints). See the com_village_cd_lut table for a complete list of villages and their 

administrative assignments. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: This field is automatically filled out by ENGDA on the Site Information form when the user 

selects a village from the locality list. 

ENGDA Field Form: Well and Spring Inventory forms. For most other field forms for collecting data at an existing site in 

the database, the site name should be filled out in the office prior to visiting the site. The Site Name is on all forms, however 

not all of the other related data fields, such as Region or Zone, are on all of the forms. 

Zone 

Description: The administrative subunit of the regions. 

Data Type: Text string, not to exceed 25 characters. 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: zone_tx in the com_village_cd_lut table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Value stored in the com_village_cd_lut table and determined based on village from the 

locality list. 

 - 6 - 
ENGDA Field Form: Well and Spring Inventory forms. For most other field forms for collecting data at an existing site in 

the database, the site name should be filled out in the office prior to visiting the site. The Site Name is on all forms, however 

not all of the other related data fields, such as Region or Zone, are on all of the forms. 

District 

Description: The administrative subdivision name of a zone. 

Data Type: Text string, not to exceed 25 characters. 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: district_tx in the com_village_cd_lut table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Value stored in the com_village_cd_lut table and determined based on village from the 

locality list. 

ENGDA Field Form: Well and Spring Inventory forms. For most other field forms for collecting data at an existing site in 

the database, the site name should be filled out in the office prior to visiting the site. The Site Name is on all forms, however 

not all of the other related data fields, such as Region or Zone, are on all of the forms. 

Village 

Description: The local village and smallest organizational unit of government. 

Data Type: Text string, not to exceed 25 characters. 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: village_tx in the com_village_cd_lut table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Entered by the user on the Site Information screen entry form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Well and Spring Inventory forms. For most other field forms for collecting data at an existing site in 

the database, the site name should be filled out in the office prior to visiting the site. The Site Name is on all forms, however 

not all of the other related data fields, such as Region or Zone, are on all of the forms. 

Borehole or Spring Location Fields 

Site coordinate information is very important in a ground water database because the data are all dependent on the locations 

of wells. For this reason, coordinate information should be determined for all sites in the database. 

The most common coordinate systems in Ethiopia are Geographic Coordinates (degrees-minutes-seconds) and UTM 

coordinates (meters easting and meters northing). Of these two systems, the Geographic Coordinate system should be used 

because there are three UTM Zones in Ethiopia (fig. 1, 36, 37, and 38), which complicates the use of the UTM system. 

Geographic coordinates should be entered by the user in DMS format. Upon data entry, ENGDA will calculate the 

coordinates for the site in decimal degrees, because this format is more useful for GIS applications. Both the DMS value and 

the decimal degree format are stored in the database. 

The datum of the coordinates must also be recorded for each site. The two most common datums in Ethiopia are the Adindan 

datum and WGS84 datum. Although these datums are very similar, they are different by about 100 meters ground distance, 

so recording the wrong datum may cause an apparent displacement in location of this magnitude. 

 - 7 - 
While fields describing the method, accuracy, and datum are not designated required fields, it is important to fill out these 

data fields if known. If latitude and longitude is obtained from a Global Positions System unit, then it is not necessary to 

enter UTM easting and northing coordinates. However, if one has a GPS unit that can be switched from geographic 

coordinates (latitude and longitude) to UTM coordinates (northing and easting), it may be desirable to record both units on 

the field form. The site location information is on almost all of the field forms (Attachment 2) and should be entered on a 

well inventory form or any form where this is the first time the site is visited, such as a well construction or drilling form. For 

most other field forms, the Site Name and location coordinate information should be filled out in the office prior to visiting 

the site from the information in the database. The Site Name is on all forms, however not all of the other related data fields, 

such as coordinate method and datum, are on all of the forms. These do not need to be filled out unless a more exact site 

coordinate is obtained during a new visit to the site to collect a water quality sample or a water level. 

Figure 1.—UTM grid zones for Africa. 

Handheld GPS units are probably the best way to determine the geographic position of wells or springs when doing a well or 

spring inventory. For work in Ethiopia, it is very important to purchase handheld GPS units that allow the switching between 

datums and include the Adindan datum as one of the datums that can be selected. Less expensive units will only use the 

WGS84 datum. If the GPS unit can only report latitude and longitude in the WGS84 datum, then record this correctly on the 

field form. However, you will not be able to use the latitude and longitude with WGS84 dataum to locate yourself on the 

topographic maps of Ethiopia, because these use a different datum, the Adindan datum. For this reason, the field forms 

include fields for latitude and longitude, lat/lon datum and UTM northing and easting and UTM datum. 

Even with an expensive handheld GPS unit, the accuracy of the position depends on both the number of satellites available 

and their positional geometry in the sky. Most GPS units will provide an estimate of the accuracy of the location at the time 

of the reading. Additionally, it is a good idea to hold the GPS unit over the site for several minutes. It is common for the 

position accuracy to be 4 to 15 meters with a handheld GPS unit. 

Handheld GPS units will not provide accurate altitudes unless an expensive unit with an altimeter is purchased. More 

expensive units with altimeters, generally allow for converting position between any of the datums. If only three satellites 

are available, no altitude will be estimated by the GPS unit. An altitude can only be estimated if greater than four satellites 

 - 8 - 
can be received at the time of the inventory. The accuracy of altitude determined with a handheld GPS unit is generally only 

20 meters. The best method to obtain altitude data at a well or spring is to set the GPS datum to Adindan (the topographic 

map datum) and set units to UTM meters and plot the UTM northing and easting on the 1:50,000 scale topographic map and 

pick the altitude of the land surface or spring pool by interpolating between the topographic contours. However, if using a 

GPS unit that does not have any method of reporting the UTM coordinates in the Adindan datum, it still would be good to 

attempt to locate the well on the 1:50,000 map and estimate the altitude from the map. If an altimeter is available this could 

also be used for obtaining an altitude. 

Latitude 

Description: Geographic northing coordinate for longitude in degrees, minutes, seconds. Space for tenths and hundredths of 

seconds is available after the decimal point (DDMMSS.SS). If a more accurate latitude or longitude is obtained after the 

initial inventory, this field should be updated. Currently, maps of Ethiopia use the Adindan datum. Thus, these latitudes and 

longitudes should be in the Adindan datum. If field personnel are using a global positioning system (GPS) device, the device 

must be setup with the Adindan datum. 

Data Type: Text string, not to exceed 9 characters. 

Example: Latitude 090103.30 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: latitude_tx in the geo_geography table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Entered by the user on the Borehole Site Information form. 

ENGDA Field Form: For the Well and Spring Inventory forms these data should be filled out in the field at the time of the 

inventory. For most other field forms, the latitude coordinate information should be entered on the form in the office prior to 

visiting the site from the information in the database. 

Longitude 

Description: Geographic easting coordinate for longitude in degrees, minutes, seconds. Space for tenths and hundredths of 

seconds is available after the decimal point (DDMMSS.SS). If a more accurate latitude or longitude is obtained after the 

initial inventory, this field should be updated in ENGDA by editing the field from the screen entry form. Currently, paper 

maps of Ethiopia use the Adindan datum. Thus, these latitudes and longitudes should be in the Adindan datum. If field 

personnel are using a global positioning system (GPS) device, the device must be setup with the Adindan datum. 

Data Type: Text string not to exceed 9 characters. 

Example: Longitude 384551.10 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: longitude_tx in the geo_geography table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Entered by the user on the Borehole Site Information form. 

ENGDA Field Form: For the Well and Spring Inventory forms these data should be filled out in the field at the time of the 

inventory. For most other field forms, the longitude coordinate information should be entered on the form in the office prior 

to visiting the site from the information in the database. 

Lat/Long Method 

Description: A list of the methods used to obtain the latitude and longitude. This is related to the accuracy of the coordinate 

information. 

 - 9 - 
Data Type: List, 1-character code 

A Approximate 

C Calculated from other coordinates 

D GPS-Differential 

G GPS 

M 1:50,000 Map 

N 1:250,000 Map 

S Survey 

U Unknown 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: coord_meth_cd in the geo_geography table. Allowable values stored in 

geo_coord_meth_lut table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Selected by the user on the Borehole Site Information form. 

ENGDA Field Form: For the Well and Spring Inventory forms these data should be filled out in the field at the time of the 

inventory. For most other field forms, the lat/long method information should be entered on the form in the office prior to 

visiting the site from the information in the database. 

Lat/Long Datum 

Description: The horizontal datum used for the geographic coordinates. Two common datums in Ethiopia are the Adindan 

datum, which is commonly used on printed maps, and the WGS84 datum, which is commonly the default datum used for 

GPS systems. However some GPS units allow the choice of many datums. Thus, if the GPS unit can be set to the Adindan 

Datum, this should be used in order to compare the latitude and longitude to the topographic map. 

Data type: Text string, not to exceed 10 characters. 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: lat_long_datum_tx in the geo_geography table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Entered by the user on the Borehole Site Information form. 

ENGDA Field Form: For the Well and Spring Inventory forms these data should be filled out in the field at the time of the 

inventory. For most other field forms, the lat/long datum information should be entered on the form in the office prior to 

visiting the site from the information in the database. 

UTM Easting 

Description: UTM easting coordinate in meters. If latitude and longitude is obtained from a Global Positions System unit, 

then you may not need to enter UTM coordinates. 

Data Type: numeric (no set number of characters for field length) 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: east_wgs84_va in the geo_geography table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Entered by the user on the Borehole Site Information form. 

 - 10 - 
ENGDA Field Form: All, Well and Spring Inventory forms these data should be filled out in the field at the time of the 

inventory. For most other field forms, the UTM easting information should be entered on the form in the office prior to 

visiting the site from the information in the database. 

UTM Northing 

Description: UTM northing coordinate in meters. If latitude and longitude is obtained from a Global Positions System unit, 

then you may not need to enter UTM coordinates. 

Data Type: numeric (no set number of characters for field length) 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: north_wgs84_va in the geo_geography table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Entered by the user on the Borehole Site Information form. 

ENGDA Field Form: For the Well and Spring Inventory forms these data should be filled out in the field at the time of the 

inventory. For most other field forms, the UTM northing information should be entered on the form in the office prior to 

visiting the site from the information in the database. 

UTM Method 

Description: A list of the method for determining the UTM Easting and Northing coordinates. This is related to the accuracy 

of the coordinate information. If latitude and longitude is obtained from a Global Positions System unit, then you may not 

need to enter UTM coordinates. 

Data Type: List, 1-character code 

A Approximate 

C Calculated from other coordinates 

D GPS-Differential 

G GPS 

M 1:50,000 Map 

N 1:250,000 Map 

S Survey 

U Unknown 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: UTM_method_cd in the geo_geography table. Allowable values stored in 

geo_coord_meth_lut table 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Selected by the user from a list box on the Borehole Site Information form. 

ENGDA Field Form: For the Well and Spring Inventory forms these data should be filled out in the field at the time of the 

inventory. For most other field forms, the UTM method information should be entered on the form in the office prior to 

visiting the site from the information in the database. 

UTM Datum 

Description: The horizontal datum used for the geographic coordinates. This is usually the Adindan datum in Ethiopia. 

Data in WGS84 is more accurate than the Adindan datum and could also be used. 

Data type: Text string, not to exceed 10 characters. This could be defined by a list of the most common datums. (?) 

 - 11 - 
ENGDA Database Table/Field: UTM_datum_tx in the geo_geography table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Selected by the user from a list box on the Borehole Site Information form. 

ENGDA Field Form: For the Well and Spring Inventory forms these data should be filled out in the field at the time of the 

inventory. For most other field forms, the UTM datum information should be entered on the form in the office prior to 

visiting the site from the information in the database. 

UTM Zone 

Description: The UTM zone for the UTM coordinates. There are only 3 UTM zones in Ethiopia, UTM zones 36, 37, and 38. 

Data Type: List, 2-digit code 

36 

37 

38 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: UTM_zone_tx in the geo_geography table. Allowable values coded on input form. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Selected by the user from a list box on the Borehole Site Information form. 

ENGDA Field Form: For the Well and Spring Inventory forms these data should be filled out in the field at the time of the 

inventory. For most other field forms, the UTM zone information should be entered on the form in the office prior to visiting 

the site from the information in the database. 

Coordinate Method 

Description: A list of the methods used to obtain the latitude and longitude or the UTM northing and easting. This is related 

to the accuracy of the information. This is used on many of the field forms rather that LAT/LONG METHOD or UTM 

METHOD. Many of the field forms allow the user to enter either Latitude and Longitude or UTM northing and easting. So 

on the field form the coordinate method will be for whichever type of data is entered for the location. 

Data Type: List, 1-character code 

A Approximate 

C Calculated from other coordinates 

D GPS-Differential 

G GPS 

M 1:50,000 Map 

N 1:250,000 Map 

S Survey 

U Unknown 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: coord_meth_cd or UTM_method_cd in the geo_geography table. Allowable values 

stored in geo_coord_meth_lut table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Selected by the user on the Borehole Site Information form. User will select UTM_method_cd 

if UTM northing and easting on the field form or coord_meth_cd if Latitude and Longitude is entered on the field form. 

 - 12 - 
ENGDA Field Form: For the Well and Spring Inventory forms these data should be filled out in the field at the time of the 

inventory. For most other field forms, the coordinate method information should be entered on the form in the office prior to 

visiting the site from the information in the database. 

Map 1/50000 Sheet 

Description: All 1:50,000 maps of Ethiopia have a defined text code and map name printed on each 1:50,000 scale map or 

orthophoto quad. This field is the map sheet name in which the borehole or spring is located. 

Data Type: List, text code 

0338-A1 MEGADO 

0338-A2 MELBENA 

0338-A4 SHENECHA 

0338-B1 BOKU LUGOMA 

(partial list) 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: sheet_nu in the geo_geography table. Allowable values stored in com_50k_maps_lut 

table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Selected by the user from a list box on the Borehole Site Information form. 

ENGDA Field Form: All forms. Fill out if known 

Map 1/250000 Sheet 

Description: Text code that refers to the 1:250,000 scale map in which the borehole is located (should be printed on each 

map). 

Data Type: List, text code 

NA37-2 SOLOLO 

NA37-3 MOYALE 

NB36-3 TORI 

NB36-4 GECHA 

(partial list) 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: plan_nu in the geo_geography table. Allowable values stored in com_250k_maps_lut 

table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Selected by the user from a list box on the Borehole Site Information form. 

ENGDA Field Form: All forms. Fill out if known. 

Altitude 

Description: The altitude above sea level of the land surface at the site. For springs, this is the pool altitude. Note: GPS 

units are not very accurate for determination of altitude. It is very important to record the method for determination of the 

altitude. 

Data Type: Numeric field, in meters 

 - 13 - 
ENGDA Database Table/Field: alt_va in the geo_geography table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Entered by the user on the Borehole Site Information form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Most forms. 

Altitude Method 

Description: This describes the method that was used to determine the land surface altitude at the well or borehole site or the 

pool altitude of the spring. 

Data Type: List, 1-character code 

A Altimeter 

D Differential GPS 

G GPS 

M Estimated from topographic map 

N Calculation (Interpolated from digital elevation model) 

S Surveyed 

U Unknown 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: alt_meth_cd in the geo_geography table. Allowable values coded on input form. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Selected by the user from a list on the Borehole Site Information form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Most forms. 

Altitude Accuracy 

Description: This describes the accuracy of the land surface altitude or the spring pool altitude expressed in meters. The 

accuracy is dependent on the method used. An accuracy of +/- 0.1 meters would be entered as .1 on the form. Handheld GPS 

units tend to have poor altitude accuracy and may be only within 20 meters. The accuracy of GPS is variable depending on 

the number of satellites available at the time. Read the manual for the GPS used to determine the accuracy. Altimeters come 

with different accuracy specifications. Thus, if an altimeter is used, the accuracy of the specific altimeter should be recorded. 

If the location information from a GPS unit is used to plot the location on a topographic map and the land surface or pool 

altitude is interpolated from the topographic map, then the accuracy should be recorded as half the value of the contour 

interval. For example, if the altitude was interpolated from a topographic map with a 10 meter contour interval, the accuracy 

would be recorded as 5. 

Data Type: Numeric, in meters. 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: alt_acc_nu in the geo_geography table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Entered by the user on the Borehole Site Information form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Most forms. 

Major River Basin 

 - 14 - 
Description: There are 11 major river basins defined for Ethiopia. 

Data Type: List, 2-digit code 

1 Abey 

2 Awash 

3 Baro-Akobo 

4 Danakil Depression 

5 Genale-Dawa 

6 Merebe 

7 Ogaden 

8 Omo 

9 Rift Valley 

10 Tekeze 

11 Wabi Shebele 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: basin_tx in the geo_geography table. Allowable values stored in com_basin_id_lut table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Selected by the user from a list box on the Borehole Site Information form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Most forms. 

Borehole Attributes 

Borehole attribute information consists primarily of information that describes or summarizes the characteristics of the 

borehole. Some of this information (for example, the borehole depth and diameter) is stored in more detail in the well 

construction tables of ENGDA, but is also included here as summary information about the borehole. It is the responsibility 

of the database user to ensure that the summary information entered here is consistent with the detailed borehole construction 

information. 

Borehole Type 

Description: This field indicates the type of borehole at the site. 

Data Type: List, 2-character code 

TH test hole 

TW test well 

PW production well or water supply well 

HD hand-dug well 

OB observation well for water level or water quality data 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: well_type_cd in the geo_geography table. Allowable values stored in the 

geo_well_type_cd_lut table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Selected by the user from a list box on the Borehole Site Information form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Well Inventory form 

Hole Depth 

 - 15 - 
Description: The depth of the borehole, in meters. For boreholes where detailed borehole construction information is 

available, this number should agree with the deepest depth entered. For boreholes where detailed construction is not 

available, enter the depth of the borehole, if known. 

Data Type: Floating point number

ENGDA Database Table/Field: depth_va in the geo_geography table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Entered by the user on the Borehole Site Information form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Form for Well Inventory

Hole Diameter 

Description: The principal diameter of the hole as noted during a well inventory. This is usually the hole diameter at the 

surface; however, deep well may have smaller diameters with depth. For boreholes where detailed borehole construction 

information is available, this number should agree with the principal hole diameter entered. For boreholes where detailed 

construction is not available, enter the principal diameter of the borehole, if known. If the borehole is a hand-dug well, with 

an irregular shape, enter the diameter across the widest point and give the compass direction of the widest point. The 

diameter of the hand-dug well should be in units of meters not centimeters, which is the default unit on the form. Cross off 

“cm” on the form and endter “m”. 

Data Type: character string 

Examples: Hole Diameter: 15.2cm 

Hole Diameter: 2.3 meters, oriented approximately north-south 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: hole_diameter_cd in the geo_geography table. Allowable values stored in the 

geo_borehole_diameters table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Selected by the user from a list box on the Borehole Site Information form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Well Inventory form

Year Constructed 

Description: The year in which the well was constructed. For boreholes where detailed borehole construction information is 

available, this year should agree with the construction dates entered for the various construction activities. For boreholes 

where detailed construction is not available, enter the year the borehole was constructed, if known. 

Data Type: 4-digit integer 

Example: Year constructed 2001 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: year_nu in the geo_geography table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Entered by the user on the Borehole Site Information form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Well Inventory form, Well Construction form 

 - 16 - 
Site Use 

Description: The use of water extracted from the well. 

Data Type: List, 1-character code 

I irrigation 

H domestic 

K mining 

N industrial 

W public supply 

S stock watering 

G geothermal 

M mixed use 

X unused 

Z other 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: well_use_cd in the geo_geography table. Allowable values stored in the 

geo_well_use_cd_lut table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Selected by the user from a list box on the Borehole Site Information form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Well Inventory form, Spring Inventory form, Water Use form 

Site Status 

Description: A general description of whether or not the site is in use 

Data Type: List, 1-character code 

A Abandoned (springs and wells) 

F Filled (well sites only) 

I In use (springs and wells) 

O Unused-open (well sites only) 

U Unused-cased (well sites only)

X Unused (spring sites only)

ENGDA Database Table/Field: site_status_cd in the geo_geography table. Allowable values stored in the 

geo_status_cd_lut table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Selected by the user from a list box on the Borehole Site Information form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Well Inventory form, Spring Inventory form

Project 

Description: The name of the project that collected the information or funded the exploration or well drilling, if known. 

Data Type: List, text string not to exceed 50 characters. 

(Examples of names in list) 

GSE Asosa Study 

 - 17 - 
McKenzie Spring Survey 

EGRAP Inventory 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: borehole_project_tx in the geo_geography table. Existing values stored in 

geo_borehole_project_lut table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Entered by the user on the Borehole Site Information form. Select a value from a list box or 

enter a new value. Extended information about projects can be added by using the “Manage Projects” menu option in the 

ENGDA database. 

ENGDA Field Form: Well Inventory form, Spring Inventory form 

Geologist Siting Borehole 

Description: This field contains a code representing the name of the geologist who determined where the borehole should be 

installed, if known. 

Data Type: List, 5 character code; code consists of first 2 letters of first name, first 2 letters of second name, followed by a 

sequential integer if the 4-letter codes are duplicated. 

(Examples of names in list) 

DALI David Litke 

DALI2 David Little 

TETA Tesfaya Tadesse 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: site_well_party_id in the geo_geography table. Allowable values stored in 

geo_party_id_lut table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Selected by the user from a list box on the Borehole Site Information form. New names can be 

added to the database by using the “Edit/Create Borehole Staff” menu option in the ENGDA database. 

ENGDA Field Form: Well Inventory form 

Site Location Method 

Description: Field indicating how the borehole or well site was located. This is mainly in reference to a site that was 

selected by a hydrogeologist and indicates the reason the borehole or well was drilled at this location. 

Data Type: List, 2-character code 

GE geological 

GP geophysical 

PH photograph 

FS field survey 

UN unknown 

IN inventory 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: siting_method_cd in the geo_geography table. Allowable values coded in the input form. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Selected by the user from a list box on the Borehole Site Information form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Well Inventory form, Spring Inventory form 

 - 18 - 
Topographic Setting 

Description: A description of the topography at the site selected from a list defined as follows (fig. 2; Babcock and others, 

2004): 

(A) Alluvial fan refers to a low, outspread, relatively flat to gently sloping mass of loose rock material shaped like an open 

fan or a segment of a cone. It is deposited by a stream at a place where it issues from a narrow mountain valley upon a plain 

or broad valley. 

(B) Playa refers to a normally dry, vegetation-free, flat-floored area composed of thin, evenly stratified sheets of fine clay, silt 

or sand, and represents the bottom part of a shallow, completely closed or undrained desert lake basin in which water 

accumulates and is quickly evaporated, usually leaving deposits of soluble salts. 

(C) Stream channel refers to the bed in which a natural stream of water flows. It is the trench or depression washed or cut into 

the surface of the earth by the moving water that it periodically or continuously contains. This term includes intermittent or 

ephemeral streams, washes, arroyos, and coulees. 

(D) A local depression is an area that has no external surface drainage. Some depressions are small, but others may cover 

several square kilometers. Do not use this designation for small "interdune depressions" or those on an undulating surface 

(use undulating). Do not use for large, closed basins, such as Denakil Depression. 

(E) Dunes refer to mounds and ridges of windblown, or eolian sand. This term should not be used for an isolated mound 

unless it has a rather extensive area and is of hydrologic significance to the site. 

(F) A flat surface may be part of a larger feature, such as an upland flat, mesa or plateau, coastal plain, lake plain, or 

pediment terrace and valley flat, which are special varieties of flat surfaces, and are classified separately. 

(G) Flood plain refers to the surface or strip of relatively smooth land adjacent to a river channel, constructed by the present 

river in its existing regimen and covered with water when the river overflows its banks at times of high water. 

(H) A hilltop is the upper part of a hill or ridge above a well-defined break in slope. A site on the crest of an escarpment or 

top of a cuesta slope (see fig. 2) should be in this category. Use this category for hills of significant height above a generally 

flat area, but not for small "swells" a few meters high on an undulating surface such as a valley flat. 

(K) A sinkhole is a special type of depression that results from the dissolving of soluble rocks (salt, gypsum, limestone) and 

the subsequent collapse of the earth into the solution cavity. As such, it has special significance to the understanding of the 

hydrology in the vicinity of the site. 

(L) Lake refers to a body of inland water. However, this code also may be used for swampy or marshy areas where the 

ground may be saturated, or water may stand above the land surface for a significant period of time. 

 (P) Pediment refers to a plain of combined erosion and deposition that forms at the foot of a mountain range. 

(S) A hillside is the sloping side of a hill--that is, the area between a hilltop and valley flat. The important factor is the general 

aspect of the site. The steepness of the slope or height of the hill is not significant. 

(T) An alluvial or marine terrace is generally a flat surface usually parallel to, but elevated above, a stream valley or 

coastline. Characteristically, steep slopes or escarpments separate the terrace from an adjacent upland on one side, and a 

lowland (coast or valley) on the other. Due to the effects of erosion, the terrace surface may not be as smooth as a valley flat, 

and within the general terrace area there may be undulating areas of dune sand or hill slopes. 

(U) Undulating topography is characteristic of areas which have many small depressions and low mounds. An undulating 

surface is primarily a depositional feature, not an erosional one. The term should not be misused for areas that have slightly 

irregular surfaces resulting from erosion. 

(V) A valley flat is a low flat area between valley walls and bordering a stream channel. It includes the flood plain, and 

generally is the flattest area in the valley. The surface may have a slight slope toward the main stream, toward the valley 

walls, or may be marked by valleys or smaller streams. Generally, the valley flat is separated from alluvial terraces, or from 

the upland, by a pronounced break in slope. Sometimes, however, the erosion of adjacent upland and the deposition of 

colluvium may make the outer edge of the alluvial flat. Use this code for sites in small valleys on a plain, if the site taps 

alluvium or the valley situation has hydrologic significance. 

(W) An upland draw is a small natural drainageway or depression, usually dry, on a hillside or upland. 

Data Type: List, 1-character code 

A alluvial fan 

B playa 

C stream channel 

 - 19 - 
D depression 

E dunes 

F flat 

G floodplain 

H hilltop 

K sinkhole 

L lake or swamp 

P pediment 

S hillside 

T terrace 

U undulating 

V valley flat 

W upland draw 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: topo_setting_id in the geo_geography table. Allowable values stored in the 

com_topo_setting_id_lut table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Selected by the user from a list box on the Borehole Site Information form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Well Inventory form, Spring Inventory form 

Figure 2. Topographic settings (from Babcock and other, 2004). 

Principal Aquifer Lithology 

Description: A general description of the aquifer lithology (rock type; Babcock and other, 2004). 

 - 20 - 
Data Type: List, 1-character code 

C Consolidated porous sedimentary 

I Fractured igneous/metamorphic 

L Limestone/karstic 

O Other 

U Unconsolidated 

V Fractured volcanics 

X Unknown 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: rock_cd in the geo_geography table. Allowable values stored in geo_rock_type_cd_lut 

table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Selected by the user from a list box on the Borehole Site Information form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Well Inventory form, Spring Inventory form 

Aquifer Type 

Description: A general description of the aquifer type. Aquifers can be confined or unconfined, and wells can be drilled to 

intersect several different types of aquifers. An unconfined aquifer is one in which the aquifer water table is exposed to 

atmospheric pressure. Unconfined aquifers are usually fairly shallow or are the first water bearing formation below land 

surface. Confined aquifers are bounded above and below by relatively impermeable formations and are not exposed to 

atmospheric pressure (Babcock and others, 2004). 

Data Type: List, 1-character code 

U Unconfined single aquifer 

N Unconfined multiple aquifers 

C Confined single aquifer 

M Confined multiple aquifer 

X Mixed (confined and unconfined multiple aquifers) 

Z Unknown 

ENGDA Database Table: aquifer_type_cd in the geo_geography table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Selected by the user from a list box on the Borehole Site Information form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Well Inventory form, Spring Inventory form 

Aquifer Name 

Description: The named aquifer from which the well principally derives water 

Data Type: List, integer code 

0 Unknown 

1 Rift Valley Aquifer 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: aquifer_id in the geo_geography table. Values stored in the com_aquifer_id table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Selected by the user from a list box on the Borehole Site Information form. User may add new 

value. 

 - 21 - 
ENGDA Field Form: Well Inventory form, Spring Inventory form 

Alternate Site Name 

Description: A short text name (maximum of 50 characters) for the site. The Alternate Site Name can consist of a 

commonly-known name for the site. This field may contain an alternate site name for a borehole for those cases when 

agencies have named the same borehole by different names. 

Data Type: Text string not to exceed 50 characters 

Examples: Alternate Site Name St. Mariam church well 

Alternate Site Name Tinish Springs 

Alternate Site Name GSE#001-A 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: hydrologic_nu in the geo_geography table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Entered by the user on the Well and Spring Inventory form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Well Inventory form, Spring Inventory form 

Additional Borehole or Spring Attributes 

Additional borehole attributes consist primarily of information about who owns the borehole and how to locate it and gain 

access to it, and about who conducted the borehole inventory. 

Owner Name 

Description: The owner of the site. 

Data Type: Text string, not to exceed 50 characters. 

Example: Owner Name: Abebe Tesfaye


Owner Name: Axum High School, Brahne Arefaine 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: owner_nm in the geo_geography table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Entered by the user on the Borehole Site Information form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Form for Well Inventory, Form for Spring Inventory

Owner Address 

Description: The mailing address of the owner.

Data Type: Text string not to exceed 150 characters. 

Example: Address: Axum High School P.O. Box 14 Axum Tigray


ENGDA Database Table/Field: owner_add_tx in the geo_geography table. 

 - 22 - 
ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Entered by the user on the Borehole Site Information form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Form for Well Inventory, Form for Spring Inventory 

Site Location Description 

Description: The description of the location of the well or spring. 

Data Type: Text string, not to exceed 250 characters. 

Example: Site Loc Description Lalibella well-1 is located south of the Jordan River in the town of Lalibella along the road 

that passes the cemetery downhill from Bet Ibrahim. 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: site_loc_tx in the geo_geography table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Entered by the user on the Borehole Site Information form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Form for Well Inventory, Form for Spring Inventory 

Source of Data 

Description: The Agency, Regional Bureau, person, or drilling company that supplied the data. 

Data Type: List, text string code, not to exceed 10 characters 

(Examples of agencies in list) 

AAWSA Addis Ababa Water and Sewerage Authority 

ESTC Ethiopian Science and Technology Commission 

GSE Geological Survey of Ethiopia 

MU Mekelle University 

MWR Ministry of Water Resources 

PRIV Private individual or organization 

UNK Unknown 

WRB-BEN Water Resources Bureau of Benishangule 

WRB-ORO Water Resources Bureau of Oromiya 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: data_source_cd in the geo_geography table. Existing values stored in 

com_department_lut table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Entered by the user on the Borehole Site Information form. New data sources (agencies) can 

be added by the user by typing in a new agency name. 

ENGDA Field Form: Form for Well Inventory, Form for Spring Inventory 

Inventoried By 

Description: This field contains a code representing the name of the person who inventoried the borehole. 

Data Type: List, 5 character code; code consists of first 2 letters of first name, first 2 letters of second name, followed by a 

sequential integer if the 4-letter codes are duplicated. 

 - 23 - 
(Example of names in list) 

DALI David Litke 

DALI2 David Little 

TETA Tesfaya Tadesse 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: inventory_party_id in the geo_geography table. Allowable values stored in 

geo_party_id_lut table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Selected by the user from a list box on the Borehole Site Information form. New persons can 

be added to the database by using the “Edit/Create Borehole Staff” menu option in the ENGDA database. 

ENGDA Field Form: Form for Well Inventory, Form for Spring Inventory 

Date Inventoried 

Description: This field will be blank if the data is not field verified during an inventory. The date should be entered using

the international calendar. 

Data Type: Date field in the format of dd/mm/yyyy. 

Example: Date Inventoried 22/01/1998

ENGDA Database Table/Field: inventory_dt in the geo_geography table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Entered by the user on the Borehole Site Information form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Form for Well Inventory, Form for Spring Inventory

Owner Permission 

Description: This field indicates if the owner gives permission for access to the well or spring. The field form allows for 

entry of the name of the person who gave permission, but ENGDA only allows entry of whether or not permission was given 

(yes or no). 

Data Type: List, 1-character code 

Y yes 

N no 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: owner_perm_cd in the geo_geography table. Allowable values coded on input form. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Click on the check box on the Borehole Site Information form to indicate that permission is 

given. 

ENGDA Field Form: Form for Well Inventory, Form for Spring Inventory

 - 24 - 
Spring Location 

Spring location information is identical to that for boreholes, except that the altitude information refers to the spring pool 

altitude as discussed below in the spring attributes section. 

Spring Altitude Information 

This section of the data dictionary refers to information about spring pool altitude. 

Pool Altitude 

Description: The altitude of the spring pool or spring outlet if above a stream or pool, in meters above sea level. 

Data Type: Numeric field in meters 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: alt_va in the geo_geography table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Entered by the user on the Spring Site Information form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Form for Spring Inventory 

Pool Altitude Method 

Description: This describes the method that was used to determine the land surface altitude of thespring pool or spring 

outlet. 

Data Type: List, 1-character code 

A Altimeter 

D Differential GPS 

G GPS 

M Estimated from topographic map 

N Calculation (Interpolated from digital elevation model) 

S Surveyed 

U Unknown 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: alt_meth_cd in the geo_geography table. Allowable values stored in the 

geo_coord_meth_lut table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Selected by the user from a list box on the Spring Site Information form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Form for Spring Inventory 

Pool Altitude Accuracy 

Description: This describes the accuracy of the spring pool altitude expressed in meters. The accuracy is dependent on the 

method used. An accuracy of +/- 0.1 meters would be entered as .1 on the form. Handheld GPS units tend to have poor 

altitude accuracy and may be only within 20 meters. The accuracy of GPS is variable depending on the number of satellites 

available at the time. Read the manual for the GPS used to determine the accuracy. Altimeters come with different accuracy 

specifications. Thus, if an altimeter is used, the accuracy of the specific altimeter, should be recorded. If the location 

 - 25 - 
information from a GPS unit is used to plot the location on a topographic map and the land surface or pool altitude is 

interpolated from the topographic map, then the accuracy should be recorded as half the value of the contour interval. For 

example, if the altitude was interpolated from a topographic map with a 10 meter contour interval, the accuracy would be 

recorded as 5. 

Data Type: Numeric, in meters. 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: alt_acc_nu in the geo_geography table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Entered by the user on the Spring Site Information form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Form for Spring Inventory 

Spring Attributes 

Springs share some attributes with boreholes (Major River Basin, Status, Topographic Setting, Alternate Site Name, Water 

Use, Project); see the Borehole Attribute Information section of this database dictionary for a discussion of these common 

attributes. Attributes unique to springs are discussed below. 

Spring Type 

Description: This is a list field used to describe the mode of emergence of the spring or group of springs. 

Data Type: List, 1-character code 

A Artesian-- a spring that discharges from an artesian aquifer, generally through a fault or some other geologic control. The 

spring flows because the head in the confined aquifer is above land surface. 

B Perched contact-- a spring that discharges from a perched water zone; that is a zone that is above the regional water table. 

The spring is located at the contact between a low permeability unit, which causes the perched water, and an overlying

 permeable unit. 

C Contact—a spring that is located at the contact between a low permeability unit, which causes the perched water, and an 

overlying permeable unit. 

D Depression—a spring that is located in a depression in the land surface that is below the regional water table. 

E Perched depression—a spring that is located in a depression in a perched zone, above the regional water table. 

F Fissures—a spring that is located in a fissure in a consolidated-rock aquifer. 

G Geyser—a spring that wither continuously or periodically erupts, causing water to be ejected onto the land surface. 

H Perched tubular—a spring that is located in a perched zone, above the regional water table, and is emerging from a 

tubular opening in the rock formation. 

J Artesian depression—a spring that is located in a depression in an artesian aquifer. 

K Artesian seepage—a spring that discharges at very low rates (seeps), from an aretesian aquifer. The seepage usually is 

visable as a wet zone on the land surface, and the discharge may be very difficult to measure. 

L Fracture depression—a spring that discharges from a depression in a fractured-rock aquifer. 

M Multiple springs—more than one spring, usually closely spaced, at a site. 

P Perched—a spring that discharges from a zone that is above the regional water table 

Q Perched fracture—a spring that discharges from a fracture above the regional water table 

R Perched seepage—a spring that discharges, at a very low rate (seeps) from a perched zone that is above the regional 

 water table. 

S Seepage filtration—a spring similar to a depression spring except that the spring discharges at very low rates (seeps) into 

the depression, which is below the regional water table. 

T Tubular cave—a spring that discharges from a tubular shaped opening in a cave 

Z Other—any other type of spring not mentioned in this list 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: spring_type_cd in the geo_geography table. Allowable values stored in the 

geo_spring_type_cd__lut table. 

 - 26 - 
ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Selected by the user from a list box on the Spring Site Information form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Form for Spring Inventory 

Spring Development 

Description: This field describes improvements made to the natural spring opening. Note that the data entered for Spring 

Development, Development Possibility, and Year Developed should be mutually consistent (Babcock and others, 2004). 

Data Type: List, 1-character code 

B boxed basin 

C concrete basin 

G gallery 

H spring house 

L lined 

N none 

P pond 

R pipe 

T trough 

Z other 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: sp_dev_cd in the geo_geography table. Allowable values stored in the 

geo_spring_development_cd_lut table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Selected by the user from a list box on the Spring Site Information form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Form for Spring Inventory 

Year Spring Developed 

Description: The year in which the spring was developed. 

Data Type: 4-digit integer 

Example: Year developed 2001

ENGDA Database Table/Field: year_nu in the geo_geography table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Entered by the user on the Spring Site Information form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Form for Spring Inventory

Spring Development Possibility 

Description: The development possibility for water supply. 

Data Type: List, 1-character code 

Y yes 

 - 27 - 
N no 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: sp_devpos_cd in the geo_geography table. Allowable values coded in the input form. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Selected by the user using a check box on the Spring Site Information form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Form for Spring Inventory 

Spring Rock Type 

Description: The major type of rock from which the spring emerges (Babcock and others, 2004). 

Data Type: List, 1-character code 

C Consolidated porous sedimentary 

I Fractured igneous/metamorphic 

L Limestone/karstic 

O Other 

U Unconsolidated 

V Fractured volcanics 

X Unknown 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: sp_rock_cd in the geo_geography table. Allowable values stored in the 

geo_rock_type_cd_lut table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Selected by the user from a list box on the Spring Site Information form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Form for Spring Inventory 

Spring Permanence 

Description: The discharge of the spring as to if the spring flows continuously or seasonally (Babcock and others, 2004). 

(P) Perennial refers to springs that discharge continuously. 

(I) Intermittent refers to springs that discharge only during certain periods but at other times are dry. Although all 

springs may be considered to be either perennial or intermittent, more descriptive detail can be included if 

it is available. The following characteristics describe special types of intermittent springs that may be 

coded: 

(R) Response to precipitation refers to springs that exist only after periods of rainfall. 

(S) Seasonal refers to springs that exist only during periods of high water levels. 

(G) Geyser refers to springs that discharge at more or less regular intervals. Discharge is caused by expansive force 

of highly heated steam. 

(E) Periodic - ebb and flow refers to springs that normally have periods of relatively greater discharge at regular and 

frequent intervals. Periodic springs may be perennial or intermittent. Periodic springs resemble geysers 

somewhat in their rhythmic action, but discharge is not caused by a geothermal heat source. 

Data Type: List 

E ebb and flow 

G geyser 

I intermittent 

P perennial 

 - 28 - 
R precipitation 

S seasonal 

Z other 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: sp_perm_cd in the geo_geography table. Allowable values stored in the 

geo_spring_permanence_cd_lut table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Selected by the user from a list box on the Spring Site Information form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Form for Spring Inventory 

Spring Protection Condition 

Description: A description of any protection at the spring. 

Data Type: List, 1-character code 

F fenced 

N none 

L locked fencing 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: sp_protect_cd in the geo_geography table. Allowable values stored in the 

geo_spring_protection_cd_lut table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Selected by the user from a list box on the Spring Site Information form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Form for Spring Inventory 

Spring Sanitary Condition 

Description: The sanitary condition of the spring, good. Fair, or bad.

Good- The spring is well protected or at a safe distance from potential sources of contamination. For example, a sturdy fence

surrounds the spring, so that the potential for contamination from animals grazing nearby is small. 

Fair- Thye spring is somewhat protected or at a minimal distance from potential sources of contamination. For example, a 

fence may surround or partially surround the spring, but animals could occasionally get near the spring. 

Bad- The spring has no protection or is immediately downgradient from a source of contamination. The spring may already

be contaminated, or has visible signs of contamination (trash or other potential contaminants in the water, for example, 

animals wading in the spring pool). 

Data Type: List, 1-character code 

G Good

F Fair 

B Bad

ENGDA Database Table/Field: sp_san_cd in the geo_geography table. Allowable values stored in the 

geo_spring_sanitary_cd_lut table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Selected by the user from a list box on the Spring Site Information form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Form for Spring Inventory 

 - 29 - 
WELL DRILLING AND CONSTRUCTION DATA FIELDS 

Detailed information about the construction of a well can be stored in ENGDA. These data are all related to construction 

events. Because wells sometimes are reconstructed, a well can have more than one construction event, each with its own set 

of construction information; however, most wells typically will have only one construction event. There are two field forms 

relating to well construction. If a borehole is drilled for purposes of collecting geophysical logs and is never turned into a 

well or a hole is drilled and there is no water, then the information about this site could be filled in on the form for the Record 

of Well Drilling; this form could also be used for open hole wells that are never cased. If the borehole is complete as a well, 

and casing is installed at the borehole, then the form for the Record of Well Construction should be completed. 

Well Construction Event Fields 

Each construction event has a few basic fields used to define the construction event: 

Construction Event Number [REQUIRED] 

Description: A sequence number defining the construction event; the first construction event number is 1.

Data Type: Short integer 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: cons_seq_nu in the geo_well_cons table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: This number is assigned automatically by ENGDA when a user clicks the NEW button on the 

Drilling information form on the Borehole Details form. 

ENGDA Field Form: none, generated by the database. 

Construction Start Date [REQUIRED] 

Description: The date on which construction started. 

Data Type: Date field in the format of dd/mm/yyyy. 

Example: Construction Start Date: 22/01/1998

ENGDA Database Table/Field: start_dt in the geo_well_cons table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Entered by the user on the New Construction Event form which is launched by clicking the

New construction event button on the Drilling form of the Borehole Details form. Existing values can be edited by entering 

new values on any of the Construction data forms. 

ENGDA Field Form: Form for Record of Well Construction; Form for Record of Well Drilling 

Construction End Date [REQUIRED] 

Description: The date on which construction ended. 

Data Type: Date field in the format of dd/mm/yyyy. 

 - 30 - 
Example: Construction End Date: 22/01/1998 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: end_dt in the geo_well_cons table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Entered by the user on the New Construction Event form which is launched by clicking the 

New construction event button on the Drilling form of the Borehole Details form. Existing values can be edited by entering 

new values on any of the Construction data forms. 

ENGDA Field Form: Form for Record of Well Construction; Form for Record of Well Drilling 

Construction Supervisor 

Description: This field contains a code representing the name of the person who supervised the well construction. 

Data Type: List, 5 character code; code consists of first 2 letters of first name, first 2 letters of second name, followed by a 

sequential integer if the 4-letter codes are duplicated. 

(Example of names in list) 

DALI David Litke 

DALI2 David Little 

TETA Tesfaya Tadesse 

EVKU Eve Kuniansky 

PATU Patrick Tucci 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: geologist_party_id in the geo_well_cons table. Allowable values stored in 

geo_party_id_lut table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Selected by the user from a list box on the New Construction Event form which is launched by 

clicking the New construction event button on the Drilling form of the Borehole Details form. Existing values can be edited 

by entering new values on any of the Construction data forms. New persons can be added to the database by using the 

“Edit/Create Borehole Staff” menu option in the ENGDA database. 

ENGDA Field Form: Form for Record of Well Construction; Form for Record of Well Drilling 

Construction Comment 

Description: Any additional information relevant to the current well-construction event. 

Data Type: Text string not to exceed 150 characters. 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: comment_tx in the geo_well_cons table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Entered by the user on the New Construction Event form which is launched by clicking the 

New construction event button on the Drilling form of the Borehole Details form. Existing values can be edited by entering 

new values on any of the Construction data forms. 

ENGDA Field Form: Form for Record of Well Construction 

 - 31 - 
Drilling Data Fields 

Drilling data describes in detail the process by which the borehole was drilled. It is intended to be used as an operational log 

of how various drill rigs/bits performed and how long it took to drill through various rock types. Data can be entered for 

multiple depth intervals within the well, and by time period. 

For many boreholes, there may be no detailed data about the drilling process; for these boreholes, data may instead be entered 

as available in data fields concerning Hole, Water Struck, Casing, Packing, Lithology, and Development information. 

Start Date [REQUIRED] 

Description: Date drilling started for specified depth interval. 

Data Type: Date field in the format of dd/mm/yyyy hh:mm. 

Example: Start 20010820 08:30

ENGDA Database Table/Field: start_dt in the geo_well_drilling table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Entered by the user in the Drilling form of the Borehole Detail form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Form for Record of Well Construction; Form for Record of Well Drilling

End Date [REQUIRED] 

Description: Date drilling ended for specified depth interval. 

Data Type: Date field in the format of dd/mm/yyyy hh:mm. 

Example: Finish 20010820 10:12.

ENGDA Database Table/Field: end_dt in the geo_well_drilling table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Entered by the user in the Drilling form of the Borehole Detail form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Form for Record of Well Construction; Form for Record of Well Drilling

Interval Top [REQUIRED] 

Description: Depth from the surface to the top of the interval, in meters. 

Data Type: Numeric, units meters 

Example: Interval Top 100.25

ENGDA Database Table/Field: hole_top_va in the geo_well_drilling table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Entered by the user in the Drilling form of the Borehole Detail form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Form for Record of Well Construction; Form for Record of Well Drilling

 - 32 - 
Interval Bottom [REQUIRED] 

Description: Depth from the surface to the bottom of the interval, in meters. 

Data Type: Numeric, units meters 

Example: Interval Bottom 120.25

ENGDA Database Table/Field: hole_bottom_va in the geo_well_drilling table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Entered by the user in the Drilling form of the Borehole Detail form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Form for Record of Well Construction; Form for Record of Well Drilling

Diameter 

Description: Diameter of the hole for the specified interval, in millimeters. 

Data Type: numeric, units millimeters 

Example: Diameter 50.8

ENGDA Database Table/Field: hole_dia_va in the geo_well_drilling table. Allowable values stored in

geo_borehole_diameters table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Selected by the user from a list on the Drilling form of the Borehole Detail form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Form for Record of Well Construction; Form for Record of Well Drilling

General Rock Type 

Description: The type of rock that is being drilled. 

Data Type: List, 1-character code 

1 Unconsolidated 

2 Sedimentary 

3 Hard Rock 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: lithology_cd in the geo_well_drilling table. Allowable values stored in the 

geo_lith_group_cd_lut table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Selected by the user from a list box on the Drilling form of the Borehole Detail form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Form for Record of Well Drilling 

Driller Name 

Description: This field contains a code representing the name of the person who supervised the drilling event. 

 - 33 - 
Data Type: List, 5 character code; code consists of first 2 letters of first name, first 2 letters of second name, followed by a 

sequential integer if the 4-letter codes are duplicated. 

(Example of names in list) 

DALI David Litke 

DALI2 David Little 

TETA Tesfaya Tadesse 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: party_id in the geo_well_drilling table. Allowable values stored in geo_party_id_lut 

table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Selected by the user on the Drilling form of the Borehole Detail form. New persons can be 

added to the database by using the “Edit/Create Borehole Staff” menu option in the ENGDA database. 

ENGDA Field Form: Form for Record of Well Construction; Form for Record of Well Drilling 

Drilling Method 

Description: Indicates the method used to create the specified interval. 

Data Type: List, 1-character code 

A auger rig 

C cable tool rig 

D driven 

G geoprobe 

H hand dug well 

M mud rotary 

O other 

P push point piezometer 

R air rotary 

T hammer tool 

U unknown 

V sonic vibration rig 

X reverse rotary 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: method_cd in the geo_well_drilling table. Allowable values stored in the 

geo_drilling_method_cd_lut table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Selected by the user from a list box on the Drilling form of the Borehole Detail form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Form for Record of Well Construction; Form for Record of Well Drilling 

Rig Number 

Description: This field contains a code for the drill rig used. 

Data Type: List, 6-character code 

(Example of rigs in list) 

GSE101 

 - 34 - 

1 
WD-101

ENGDA Database Table/Field: equip_tx in the geo_well_drilling table. Allowable values stored in the geo_drill_rigs

table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Selected by the user from a list box on the Drilling form of the Borehole Detail form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Form for Record of Well Construction; Form for Record of Well Drilling

Drill Bit Number 

Description: This field contains a code for the drill bit that was used. 

Data Type: List, 6-character code 

(Example of drill bits in list) 

GSE12 

GSE13 

MOWR1 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: drill_bit_cd in the geo_well_drilling table. Allowable values stored in the 

geo_drill_bit_lut table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Selected by the user from a list box on the Drilling form of the Borehole Detail form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Form for Record of Well Drilling

Hammer Number 

Description: This field contains a code describing the hammer that was used 

Data Type: List, 6-character code 

(Example of hammers in list) 

GSE1 

GSE2 

MOWR3 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: hammer_cd in the geo_well_drilling table. Allowable values stored in the 

geo_drill_hammer_lut table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Selected by the user from a list box on the Drilling form of the Borehole Detail form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Form for Record of Well Drilling

Drilling Fluid 

Description: The drilling fluid used in drilling this interval. 

Data Type: List, 1-character code 

 - 35 - 
A Air 

B Bentonite 

F Foam 

W Water 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: process in the geo_well_drilling table. Allowable values stored in the form. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Selected by the user from a list box on the Drilling form of the Borehole Detail form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Form for Record of Well Drilling 

Comment 

Description: Any additional comments about the drilling of the interval. 

Data Type: 150 character text field 

Example: Comment Rock is very brittle in this interval

ENGDA Database Table/Field: comment_tx in the geo_well_drilling table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Entered by the user on the Drilling form of the Borehole Detail form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Form for Record of Well Construction; Form for Record of Well Drilling

Hole Data Fields 

Hole data describes the diameter of each open hole interval. Data can be entered for multiple depth intervals within the well. 

For some boreholes, detailed construction information may be available that may be entered into the drilling data fields; in 

this case hole information can be omitted or else it can be entered as a summary of the drilling data. For other boreholes, 

detailed drilling information may not be available, but some information about the hole diameters may be available; in this 

case the hole information may be entered using the hole data fields. 

Interval Top [REQUIRED] 

Description: Depth from the surface to the top of the interval, in meters. 

Data Type: Numeric, units meters 

Example: Interval Top 100.25

ENGDA Database Table/Field: section_top_va in the geo_well_dia table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Entered by the user in the Hole form of the Borehole Detail form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Form for Record of Well Construction; Form for Record of Well Drilling

Interval Bottom [REQUIRED] 

Description: Depth from the surface to the bottom of the interval, in meters. 

 - 36 - 
Data Type: Numeric, units meters 

Example: Interval Bottom 120.25 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: section_end_va in the geo_well_dia table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Entered by the user in the Hole form of the Borehole Detail form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Form for Record of Well Construction; Form for Record of Well Drilling 

Diameter 

Description: Diameter of the hole for the specified interval, in millimeters. 

Data Type: numeric 

Example: Diameter 50.8

ENGDA Database Table/Field: section_dia_va in the geo_well_dia table. Allowable values stored in 

geo_borehole_diameters table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Selected by the user from a list on the Hole form of the Borehole Detail form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Form for Record of Well Construction; Form for Record of Well Drilling

WATER STRUCK DATA 

Water struck data describes water encountered (“struck”) in the borehole during the drilling process. Several different 

intervals are allowed because water may be encountered at more than one level in the borehole, especially in fractured rocks 

or in complex aquifer systems. 

Interval Top [REQUIRED] 

Description: Depth from the surface to the top of the interval where water was encountered, in meters. 

Data Type: Numeric, units meters 

Example: Interval Top 100.25

ENGDA Database Table/Field: depth_va in the geo_well_water_struck table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Entered by the user in the Water Struck form of the Borehole Detail form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Form for Record of Well Construction; Form for Record of Well Drilling

Interval Bottom 

Description: Depth from the surface to the bottom of the interval in which water was encountered, in meters. 

 - 37 - 
Data Type: Numeric, units meters 

Example: Interval Bottom 120.25 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: bottom_va in the geo_well_water_struck table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Entered by the user in the Water Struck form of the Borehole Detail form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Form for Record of Well Construction; Form for Record of Well Drilling 

Yield 

Description: Yield (discharge) of the well, in liters per second, due to the water struck at this interval. 

Data Type: numeric 

Example: Yield 4.8

ENGDA Database Table/Field: yield_va in the geo_well_water_struck table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Entered by the user in the Water Struck form of the Borehole Detail form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Form for Record of Well Construction; Form for Record of Well Drilling

Water Level 

Description: Static water level in the borehole due to the water struck at this interval, in meters below the land surface. 

Data Type: numeric 

Example: Water Level 22.4

ENGDA Database Table/Field: water_level in the geo_well_water_struck table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Entered by the user in the Water Struck form of the Borehole Detail form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Form for Record of Well Drilling

Date Struck 

Description: Date on which the water was first encountered for this interval. 

Data Type: Date field in the format of dd/mm/yyyy hh:mm. 

Example: Date struck 20010820 10:12.

ENGDA Database Table/Field: date_struck_dt in the geo_well_water_struck table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Entered by the user in the Water Struck form of the Borehole Detail form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Form for Record of Well Drilling

 - 38 - 
Casing/Screen Data 

Casing/screen data describes the pipe sections that are installed in the hole. General information (Casing Start Date, Casing 

End Date, Casing Rig Number, Casing Supervisor) can be entered about the casing installation, and detailed information (for 

example, Casing Type, Casing Diameter) can be entered about each casing interval. 

Casing Start Date 

Description: The date on which casing installation started.

Data Type: Date field in the format of dd/mm/yyyy. 

Example: Casing Start Date: 22/01/1998

ENGDA Database Table/Field: casing_start_dt in the geo_well_cons table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Entered by the user on the Casing form of the Borehole Details form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Form for Record of Well Construction 

Casing End Date 

Description: The date on which casing installation ended. 

Data Type: Date field in the format of dd/mm/yyyy. 

Example: Casing End Date: 22/01/1998

ENGDA Database Table/Field: casing_end_dt in the geo_well_cons table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Entered by the user on the Casing form of the Borehole Details form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Form for Record of Well Construction 

Casing Supervisor 

Description: This field contains a code representing the name of the person who supervised the well casing installation. 

Data Type: List, 5 character code; code consists of first 2 letters of first name, first 2 letters of second name, followed by a 

sequential integer if the 4-letter codes are duplicated. 

(Example of names in list) 

DALI David Litke 

DALI2 David Little 

TETA Tesfaya Tadesse 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: casing_party_id in the geo_well_cons table. Allowable values stored in geo_party_id_lut 

table. 

 - 39 - 
ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Selected by the user from a list box on the Casing form of the Borehole Details form. New 

persons can be added to the database by using the “Edit/Create Borehole Staff” menu option in the ENGDA database. 

ENGDA Field Form: Form for Record of Well Construction 

Casing Rig Number 

Description: This field contains a code for the rig used to install the casing. 

Data Type: List, 3-character code 

1 

2 

WD 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: casing_equip_tx in the geo_well_cons table. Allowable values stored in the 

geo_drill_rigs table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Selected by the user from a list box on the Drilling form of the Borehole Detail form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Form for Record of Well Construction 

Interval Top [REQUIRED] 

Description: Depth from the surface to the top of the casing interval, in meters. 

Data Type: Numeric, units meters 

Example: Interval Top 100.25

ENGDA Database Table/Field: top_va in the geo_well_casing table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Entered by the user in the Casing form of the Borehole Detail form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Form for Record of Well Construction 

Interval Bottom [REQUIRED] 

Description: Depth from the surface to the bottom of the casing interval, in meters. 

Data Type: Numeric, units meters 

Example: Interval Bottom 120.25

ENGDA Database Table/Field: end_va in the geo_well_casing table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Entered by the user in the Casing form of the Borehole Detail form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Form for Record of Well Construction 

 - 40 - 
Material 

Description: Type of casing material installed in the hole for the specified interval. 

Data Type: List, 1-character code 

A ABS 

B Brass/Bronze 

C Concrete 

E PFTE 

G Galvanized Iron 

I Wrought Iron 

K PVC Threaded 

M Other Metal 

N PVC Glued 

P Plastic 

Q FEP 

R Stainless Steel 

S API Steel 

U Unknown 

X Steel Carbon 

Y Steel Galvanized 

Z Other 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: material_cd in the geo_well_casing table. Allowable values stored in 

geo_well_csng_material_lut table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Selected by the user from a list on the Casing form of the Borehole Detail form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Form for Record of Well Construction 

Casing Diameter 

Description: Diameter of the casing for the specified interval, in millimeters. 

Data Type: List 

Example: Diameter 25.0 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: dia_va in the geo_well_casing table. Allowable values stored in geo_casing_diameters 

table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Selected by the user from a list on the Casing form of the Borehole Detail form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Form for Record of Well Construction 

Material Thickness 

Description: Thickness of the casing material installed in the hole for the specified interval, in millimeters. 

Data Type: List, 2-digit integer 

 - 41 - 
2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: thick_va in the geo_well_casing table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Selected by the user from a list on the Casing form of the Borehole Detail form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Form for Record of Well Construction 

Casing/Screen Type 

Description: The type of casing or screening for the specified interval. 

Data Type: List 

D Drilling Pipe 

H Perforated holes 

M Mesh Screen 

P Solid 

S Slotted 

U Open 

V Vertical Perforated Slots 

W Wire-wound screen 

Y Horizontal Perforated Slots 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: type_cd in the geo_well_casing table. Allowable values stored in 

geo_well_csng_type_cd_lut table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Selected by the user from a list on the Casing form of the Borehole Detail form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Form for Record of Well Construction 

Opening Length 

Description: Length of the openings in the screen for the specified interval, in millimeters. 

Data Type: numeric 

Example: Opening length 15 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: open_len_va in the geo_well_casing table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Entered by the user on the Casing form of the Borehole Detail form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Form for Record of Well Construction 

 - 42 - 
Opening Width 

Description: Width of the openings in the screen for the specified interval, in millimeters. 

Data Type: numeric 

Example: Opening width 5

ENGDA Database Table/Field: open_width_va in the geo_well_casing table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Entered by the user on the Casing form of the Borehole Detail form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Form for Record of Well Construction 

Packing/Filling Data Fields 

Packing data describe how the annular space between the casing and borehole wall was filled. “Packing” refers to material 

installed that will allow transmission of water from the aquifer to the well. “Filling” refers to material installed that will 

prevent water from passing through a specified interval; such material is used to isolate individual aquifers or to prevent 

contaminants from moving vertically along the borehole to other water-producing intervals. General information (Packing 

Start Date, Packing End Date, Packing Rig Number, Packing Supervisor) can be entered about the packing procedure, and 

detailed information (for example, packing material used in the annular space) can be entered about each packing or filling 

interval. 

Packing Start Date 

Description: The date on which installation of packing or filling material started.

Data Type: Date field in the format of dd/mm/yyyy. 

Example: Packing Start Date: 22/01/1998

ENGDA Database Table/Field: packing_start_dt in the geo_well_cons table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Entered by the user on the Packing form of the Borehole Details form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Form for Record of Well Construction 

Packing End Date 

Description: The date on which installation of packing or filling ended. 

Data Type: Date field in the format of dd/mm/yyyy. 

Example: Packing End Date: 22/01/1998

ENGDA Database Table/Field: packing_end_dt in the geo_well_cons table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Entered by the user on the Packing form of the Borehole Details form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Form for Record of Well Construction 

 - 43 - 
Packing Supervisor 

Description: This field contains a code representing the name of the person who supervised the packing installation. 

Data Type: List, 5 character code; code consists of first 2 letters of first name, first 2 letters of second name, followed by a 

sequential integer if the 4-letter codes are duplicated. 

(Example of names in list) 

DALI David Litke 

DALI2 David Little 

TETA Tesfaya Tadesse 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: packing_party_id in the geo_well_cons table. Allowable values stored in 

geo_party_id_lut table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Selected by the user from a list box on the Packing form of the Borehole Details form. New 

persons can be added to the database by using the “Edit/Create Borehole Staff” menu option in the ENGDA database. 

ENGDA Field Form: Form for Record of Well Construction 

Packing Rig Number 

Description: This field contains a code for the rig used to install the packing. 

Data Type: List, 3-character code 

1 

2 

WD 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: packing_equip_tx in the geo_well_cons table. Allowable values stored in the 

geo_drill_rigs table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Selected by the user from a list box on the Packing form of the Borehole Detail form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Form for Record of Well Construction 

Interval Top [REQUIRED] 

Description: Depth from the surface to the top of the packing or filling interval, in meters. 

Data Type: Numeric, units meters 

Example: Interval Top 100.25

ENGDA Database Table/Field: pack_top_va in the geo_well_packing table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Entered by the user in the Packing form of the Borehole Detail form. 

 - 44 - 
ENGDA Field Form: Form for Record of Well Construction 

Interval Bottom [REQUIRED] 

Description: Depth from the surface to the bottom of the packing or filling interval, in meters. 

Data Type: Numeric, units meters 

Example: Interval Bottom 120.25

ENGDA Database Table/Field: pack_end_va in the geo_well_packing table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Entered by the user in the Packing form of the Borehole Detail form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Form for Record of Well Construction 

Filling Material 

Description: Type of filling material installed in the hole for the specified interval. 

Data Type: List, 2-character code 

CL Clay 

B Bentonite 

CE Cement 

O Other (such as drill cuttings) 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: pack_filling_cd in the geo_well_packing table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Selected by the user from a list on the Packing form of the Borehole Detail form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Form for Record of Well Construction 

Packing Material 

Description: Packing material installed in the hole for the specified interval. 

Data Type: List, 1-character code 

S sand 

G gravel 

O Other (such as drill cuttings) 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: pack_packing_cd in the geo_well_packing table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Selected by the user from a list on the Packing form of the Borehole Detail form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Form for Record of Well Construction 

 - 45 - 
Grain Size 

Description: Nominal grain size of the packing material, in millimeters. 

Data Type: numeric 

Example: Grain size 4

ENGDA Database Table/Field: pack_dia_va in the geo_well_packing table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Entered by the user from a list on the Packing form of the Borehole Detail form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Form for Record of Well Construction 

Quantity 

Description: Quantity of filling/packing material installed in the hole for the specified interval, in cubic meters. 

Data Type: numeric 

Example: Quantity 4.2

ENGDA Database Table/Field: pack_quant_va in the geo_well_packing table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Entered by the user on the Packing form of the Borehole Detail form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Form for Record of Well Construction 

Comment 

Description: Any comments about the filling or packing process for this interval. 

Data Type:

Example: Comment Fractures in rock required additional packing.

ENGDA Database Table/Field: pack_comment_tx in the geo_well_packing table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Entered by the user on the Packing form of the Borehole Detail form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Form for Record of Well Construction 

Well Development Data Fields 

Development data describe how a newly-constructed well was prepared for producing water. During the process of 

development, the progress of the development may be monitored by collecting data on water temperature, conductivity, pH, 

turbidity, and other parameters; these types of data may be recorded on the Well Construction field form, but they are not 

stored in the ENDGA database. 

 - 46 - 
Start Date 

Description: Date/time of start of well development. 

Data Type: Date field in the format of dd/mm/yyyy. 

Example: Start Date 21/03/1989

ENGDA Database Table/Field: start_dt in the geo_well_develop table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Entered by the user in the Development form of the Borehole Detail form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Form for Record of Well Construction, well development section 

End Date 

Description: Date/time of end of well development. 

Data Type: Date field in the format of dd/mm/yyyy. 

Example: Start Date 22/12/2001.

ENGDA Database Table/Field: end_dt in the geo_well_develop table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Entered by the user in the Development form of the Borehole Detail form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Form for Record of Well Construction, well development section 

Development Contractor 

Description: Name of the agency or company that developed the well 

Data Type: Text string. 

Example: Afar Drilling Company 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: Not stored in ENGDA database 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Not stored in ENGDA database 

ENGDA Field Form: Form for Record of Well Construction, well development section 

Developer Name 

Description: This field contains a code representing the name of the person that developed the well or supervised the well 

development. The person responsible for completion of the well development. 

Data Type: List, 5 character code; code consists of first 2 letters of first name, first 2 letters of second name, followed by a 

sequential integer if the 4-letter codes are duplicated. 

(Example of names in list) 

DALI David Litke 

 - 47 - 
DALI2 David Little 

TETA Tesfaya Tadesse 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: party_id in the geo_well_develop table. Allowable values stored in geo_party_id_lut 

table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Selected by the user on the Development form of the Borehole Detail form. New persons can 

be added to the database by using the “Edit/Create Borehole Staff” menu option in the ENGDA database. 

ENGDA Field Form: Form for Record of Well Construction, well development section 

Developer Rig Number 

Description: Name/number of drill rig that did the well development. 

Data Type: List, 3-character code 

Example: Drill Rig 12

ENGDA Database Table/Field: drill_rig_id in the geo_well_develop table. Allowable values stored in geo_drill_rigs

table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Selected by the user on the Development form of the Borehole Detail form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Form for Record of Well Construction, well development section 

Duration of Development 

Description: Time duration, in hours, of well development.

Data Type: Integer

Example: Duration 2

ENGDA Database Table/Field: duration_va in the geo_well_develop table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Entered by the user in the Development form of the Borehole Detail form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Form for Record of Well Construction, well development section 

Development Method 

Description: Method used to develop the well. 

Data Type: List, 1-character code 

A Airlift 

B Bailing 

Chemicals 

D Direct injection 

F Flushing 

 - 48 - 

C 
J Jetting with air 

K Jetting with water 

M Mechanical surging 

P Pumping and backwashing 

W Backwashing 

Example: Development Method A 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: meth_cd in the geo_well_develop table. Allowable values stored in 

geo_develop_method_cd_lut table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Selected by the user on the Development form of the Borehole Detail form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Form for Record of Well Construction, well development section 

Pump Description 

Description: Description of the type of pump used to develop the well. Note this should be related to the method. For 

example if the method of well development is Jetting or Backwashing, then no pump would be used. If a bailer was used to 

develop the well, then fill out the field form with the word bailer. Typical pumps that may be used for well development are: 

Bucket/Bailer; Centrifugal; Jet; Piston; Rotary; Submersible. 

Data Type: Character, 50-character code 

Example: Pump Description: none 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: Not stored in ENGDA database. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Not stored in ENGDA database. 

ENGDA Field Form: Form for Record of Well Construction, well development section 

Pump Capacity 

Description: Description of the capacity of the pump used for development. If no pump is used then leave blank. 

Data Type: Numeric 

Example: Pump Capacity: none 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: Not stored in ENGDA database. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Not stored in ENGDA database. 

ENGDA Field Form: Form for Record of Well Construction, well development section 

 - 49 - 
Pump Position 

Description: Depth below the top of casing that the pump is positioned, if a pump was used for development. If a pump is 

not used, leave blank. The depth is entered in units of meter. 

Data Type: Numeric 

Example: Pump Position: 5

ENGDA Database Table/Field: Not stored in ENGDA database. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Not stored in ENGDA database. 

ENGDA Field Form: Form for Record of Well Construction, well development section. 

Comments 

Description: Any comments about well development. 

Data Type: Text string not to exceed 150 characters 

Example: Comment Water removed from well was very turbid

ENGDA Database Table/Field: comment_tx in the geo_well_develop table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Entered by the user in the Development form of the Borehole Detail form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Form for Record of Well Construction, well development section 

Additional Equipment 

Description: Information about additional equipment (besides drill rig) used for well development. 

Data Type: Text string not to exceed 100 characters 

Example: Additional Equipment Gasoline generator used to power pressure pump

ENGDA Database Table/Field: additional_equip_tx in the geo_well_develop table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Entered by the user in the Development form of the Borehole Detail form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Form for Record of Well Construction, well development section 

 - 50 - 
LITHOLOGIC DESCRIPTION DATA FIELDS 

These fields will contain multiple records for the description of each interval at a site where core or cuttings samples were 

taken. This lithology description scheme was developed by South Africa (Hodgson et. al., 1993). The lithologic descriptions 

should be filled out by trained and experienced geologists or drillers. If cuttings or continuous wireline core is stored, this 

form could be filled in at a laboratory or core library by a trained and experienced geologist, provided the depth interval of 

the sample is recorded with the sample. 

Fields for Determining Depth Interval 

Interval Top [REQUIRED] 

Description: Depth to top of sample interval in meters. 

Data Type: numeric 

Example: Interval Top 100.25

ENGDA Database Table/Field: lith_top_va in the geo_well_hydrounits table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Entered by the user in the Lithology form of the Borehole Detail form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Form for Record of Lithologic Description 

Interval Bottom [REQUIRED] 

Description: Depth to bottom of sample interval in meters. 

Data Type: numeric 

Example: Interval Bottom 120.25

ENGDA Database Table/Field: lith_end_va in the geo_well_hydrounits table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Entered by the user in the Lithology form of the Borehole Detail form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Form for Record of Lithologic Description 

Fields for Defining Lithology of a Selected Interval 

Lithology Code 

Description: Lithologic description codes to describe the rock or sediment type at this interval as defined in the HydroCom 

database (Hodgson et.al., 1993). 

Data Type: List, 4-character code 

 - 51 - 
AOLN

AGLM

ALVM

APBL 

ADST

ANDR

ANRS

ARKS

BDIS

BSLT 

BNTN 

BLCL 

BLDR

BLSD 

BLSC 

BRCC

BNZT 

CCTF 

CLCT 

CLCR 

CBNT 

CHLK 

CHRT 

CLAY 

CLSD 

CLSN 

COAL

COBB 

COSD 

COSC 

CLVM

CLGM 

DIBS 

DMCT 

DORT

DLRT 

DLMT

DNSD

ECGT

ELVM

EVPR

FULT

FLST

FCRT 

FGSN

GBBR 

GBNR

GLCL

GNSS

GRNT

GRGN 

GDGS

GRDR

GNPR 

GRVL

 Aeolian deposits 

 Agglomerate 

 Alluvium 

Amphibolite 

 Andesite 

 Anhydrite 

 Anorthosite 

 Arkose 

 Banded Ironstone 

Basalt 

Bentonite 

Boulder clay 

 Boulders 

Boulders and clay 

Boulders, silt and clay 

Breccia 

Bronzitite 

Calc tufa 

Calcite 

Calcrete 

Carbonatite 

Chalk 

Chert 

Clay 

Clay and sand 

Claystone 

Coal 

Cobbles 

Cobbles and sand 

Cobbles, silt and clay 

 Colluvium 

Conglomerate 

Diabase 

Diamicitite 

 Diorite 

Dolerite 

 Dolomite 

 Dune sand 

Eclogite 

 Eluvium 

 Evaporite 

Fault 

Felsite 

Ferricrete 

Flagstone 

Gabbro 

 Gabbro-norite 

Glacial 

Gneiss 

 Granite 

Granite-gneiss 

 Granitoid-gneiss 

 Granodiorite 

Granophyre 

 Gravel 

GRCL Gravel and clay 

GRDS Gravel, sand and clay 

GRSC Gravel, silt and clay 

GNST Greenstone 

GRCK Greywacke 

GRIT Grit 

GPSM Gypsum 

HRDP Hard pan 

HZPG Harzburgite 

HNFL Hornfels 

IGBR Ignimbrite 

JSPR Jasper 

JPLT Jaspillite 

KLNT Kaolinite 

KBLT Kimberlite 

LTRT Laterite 

LAVA Lava 

LGNT Lignite 

LMSN Limestone 

LMDM Limestone and dolomite 

LOAM Loam 

LOSS Loess 

MGGB Magnetite gabbro 

MRBL Marble 

MARL Marl 

MRLS Marlstone 

MCSC Mica schist 

MUD Mud 

MDSN Mudstone 

MLNT Mylonite 

NPHL Nepheline 

N.S. No sample 

NORT Norite 

NRAR Norite-anorthosite 

OVDR Olivine diorite 

OTSH Outwash 

OBDN Overburden 

PEAT Peat 

PGMT Pegmatite 

PNLT Phonolite 

PLLT Phyllite 

PPHY Porphyry 

PDGP Pseudogranophyre 

QZPR Quartz porphyry 

QZSC Quartz schist 

QRTZ Quartzite 

RSDM Residual 

RYLT Rhyolite 

RBBL Rubble 

SAND Sand 

SDCL Sand and clay 

SDGL Sand and gravel 

SDST Sand and silt 

SGVC Sand, gravel and clay 

SNDS Sandstone 

 - 52 - 
SDSL

SCST

SCRE 

SRPN 

SPTC

SHLE

SHSL 

SLCT 

SILT Silt 

STCL 

SLSN 

SLSH 

 Sandstone and shale 

Schist 

Scree 

Serpentine 

 Serpentine talc 

Shale 

Shale and siltstone 

Silcrete 

Silt and clay 

Siltstone 

Siltstone and shale 

SLTE Slate 

SOIL Soil 

SYNT Syenite 

SNGS Syenite-gneiss 

TALC Talc 

TLUS Talus 

TILL Till 

TLLT Tillite 

TRCT Trachyte 

TUFF Tuff 

VNQZ Vein-quarz 

 - 53 - 
ENGDA Database Table/Field: lithology_cd in the geo_well_hydrounits table. Allowable values stored 

in geo_lithology_cd_lut table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Selected by the user from a list in the Lithology form of the Borehole Detail 

form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Form for Record of Lithologic Description 

Primary Colours 

Description: Colour of the rock sample in this interval as defined in the HydroCom database (Hodgson et. 

al., 1993). This is the main colour present in the rock or sediment. 

Data Type: List , 1-character code 

S Black 

C Brown 

B Blue 

G Green 

H Grey 

M Purple 

O Orange 

P Pink 

R Red 

W White 

Y Yellow 

0 No information 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: primary_color_cd in the geo_well_hydrounits table. Allowable values 

stored in geo_primary_color_cd_lut table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Selected by the user from a list in the Lithology form of the Borehole Detail 

form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Form for Record of Lithologic Description 

Secondary Colours 

Description: Colour of the rock sample in this interval as defined in the HydroCom database (Hodgson et. 

al., 1993). This is the second most prevalent colour present in the rock or sediment. 

Data Type: List, 1-character code 

B Blue 

C Brown 

D Dark 

G Green 

H Grey 

L Light 

M Purple 

O Orange 

P Pink 

R Red 

 - 54 - 
V Olive 

Y Yellow 

0 No information 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: secondary_color_cd in the geo_well_hydrounits table. Allowable 

values stored in geo_secondary_color_cd_lut table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Selected by the user from a list in the Lithology form of the Borehole Detail 

form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Form for Record of Lithologic Description 

Texture 

Description: This list is for the description of the texture of the core or sample. 

Data Type: List, 2-digit code 

00 Crypto 

01 Micro 

11 Very fine 

12 Very fine to fine 

13 Very fine to medium 

14 Very fine to coarse 

15 Very fine to very coarse 

21 Fine and very fine 

22 Fine 

23 Fine to medium 

24 Fine to coarse 

25 Fine to very coarse 

31 Medium to very fine 

32 Medium and fine 

33 Medium 

34 Medium to coarse 

35 Medium to very coarse 

41 Coarse and very fine 

42 Coarse and fine 

43 Coarse and medium 

44 Coarse 

45 Coarse to very coarse 

51 Very coarse and very fine 

52 Very coarse and fine 

53 Very coarse and medium 

54 Very coarse and coarse 

55 Very coarse 

99 No information 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: texture_cd in the geo_well_hydrounits table. Allowable values stored in 

geo_texture_cd_lut table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Selected by the user from a list in the Lithology form of the Borehole Detail 

form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Form for Record of Lithologic Description 

 - 55 - 
Primary and Secondary Features 

Description: This list is for the description of the main features of the rock or sediment core or sample. 

Data Type: List, 2-character code 

AG Argillaceous IL Interlaminated 

AR Arenaceous JT Jointed 

BD Banded LM Laminated 

BE Bedded LS Loose 

BK Baked LT Light 

BR Broken LU Lustrous 

BT Bright MC Micaceous 

CA Calcareous MN Mineralised

CB Carbonaceous MS Massive 

CE Cemented OO Oolitic 

CL Chloritic PB Pebbly 

CR Cross-bedded PO Phosphoritic 

CS Consolidated PR Primary 

CY Clayey PT Peaty 

DK Dark SC Siliceous 

DL Dull SD Solid 

FC Fractured SF Soft 

FE Ferruginous SH Shelly 

FR Fresh SI Silicified

FS Feldspathic SL Silty 

GL Glauconitic SN Sandy 

GR Gritty SR Secondary 

GV Gravel-bearing UC Unconsolidated 

HD Hard WT Weathered

HM Heavy minerals 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: prim_second_cd in the geo_well_hydrounits table. Allowable values stored in 

geo_prim_second_cd_lut table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Selected by the user from a list in the Lithology form of the Borehole Detail form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Form for Record of Lithologic Description 

Feature Attributes 

Description: This field is a modifier for the feature described in the primary or secondary feature field. 

Data Type: List, 1-character code 

+ Very 

- Slightly 

 No information 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: feature_att_cd in the geo_well_hydrounits table. Allowable values stored in 

geo_feature_att_cd_lut table. 

 - 56 - 

0
ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Selected by the user from a list in the Lithology form of the Borehole Detail form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Form for Record of Lithologic Description 

Sorting 

Description: The sorting of sedimentary rock. 

Data Type: List, 2-digit code 

11 Unsorted 

22 Poorly sorted

23 Poorly to moderately sorted

32 Moderately to poorly sorted

33 Moderately sorted

34 Moderately to well sorted

43 Well to moderately sorted

44 Well sorted 

0 No Information

ENGDA Database Table/Field: sorting_cd in the geo_well_hydrounits table. Allowable values stored in 

geo_sorting_cd_lut table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Selected by the user from a list in the Lithology form of the Borehole Detail form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Form for Record of Lithologic Description 

Roundness 

Description: The shape of the sediments. 

Data Type: List, 2-digit code 

11 Angular

12 Angular to subangular

13 Angular to subrounded

14 Angular to rounded

22 Subangular

23 Subangular to subrounded

24 Subangular to rounded 

33 Subrounded

34 Subrounded to rounded 

44 Rounded

0 No information 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: roundness_cd in the geo_well_hydrounits table. Allowable values stored in 

geo_roundness_cd_lut table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Selected by the user from a list in the Lithology form of the Borehole Detail form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Form for Record of Lithologic Description 

 - 57 - 
Geologist 

Description: This field contains a code representing the name of the person that described the lithology. 

Data Type: List, 5 character code; code consists of first 2 letters of first name, first 2 letters of second name, 

followed by a sequential integer if the 4-letter codes are duplicated. 

(Example of names in list) 

DALI David Litke 

DALI2 David Little 

TETA Tesfaya Tadesse 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: party_id in the geo_well_hydrounits table. Allowable values stored in 

geo_party_id_lut table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Selected by the user from a list in the Lithology form of the Borehole Detail form. 

New persons can be added to the database by using the “Edit/Create Borehole Staff” menu option in the ENGDA 

database. 

ENGDA Field Form: Form for Record of Lithologic Description 

 - 58 - 
AQUIFER TEST DATA FIELDS 

One or more pumping tests can be conducted at each well. Aquifer tests (commonly referred to as pumping tests) 

can include types where a well is pumped and tests where a slug is introduced into the well. Aquifer test information 

is divided into several categories: General Aquifer Test Information, Observation Well Characteristics, Test Well 

Characteristics, Aquifer Test Characteristics, Slug Test Characteristics, Water Level and Discharge Data, and 

Aquifer Test Results. 

General Aquifer Test Information 

Multiple aquifer tests can be conducted at a well. Each aquifer test requires a sequence number, a starting date and 

an ending date. Additional information about the type and purpose of the aquifer test should also be documented. 

Aquifer Test Number [REQUIRED] 

Description: A sequence number defining the aquifer test; the first aquifer test number is 1.

Data Type: Short integer 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: seq_nu in the geo_pump_test table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: This number is assigned automatically by ENGDA when a user clicks the NEW 

button on the Aquifer Test form on the Borehole Details form. 

ENGDA Field Form: none, generated by the database 

Aquifer Test Start Date [REQUIRED] 

Description: The date on which the aquifer test started. 

Data Type: Date field in the format of dd/mm/yyyy. 

Example: Aquifer Test Start Date 28/11/2002.

ENGDA Database Table/Field: start_dt in the geo_pump_test table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Entered by the user on the New Pumping Test form which is launched by clicking the 

New pumping test button on the Pumping Test form of the Borehole Details form. Existing values can be edited by 

clicking on the pumping test number on the Pumping Test form and then entering new values. 

ENGDA Field Form: Aquifer Test Field Form 

Aquifer Test End Date [REQUIRED] 

Description: The date on which the aquifer test ended. 

Data Type: Date field in the format of dd/mm/yyyy. 

Example: Aquifer Test End Date 28/11/2002. 

 - 59 - 
ENGDA Database Table/Field: end_dt in the geo_pump_test table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Entered by the user on the New Pumping Test form which is launched by clicking the 

New pumping test button on the Pumping Test form of the Borehole Details form. Existing values can be edited by 

clicking on the aquifer test number on the Pumping Test form and then entering new values. 

ENGDA Field Form: Aquifer Test Field Form 

Duration of Aquifer Test 

Description: The duration of the aquifer test, in hours. 

Data Type: Floating point number

Example: Duration of Aquifer Test 45.5

ENGDA Database Table/Field: duration_va in the geo_pump_test table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Entered by the user on the Pumping Test form of the Boreholes Detail Form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Aquifer Test Field Form

Agency Conducting Test 

Description: The name of the agency that conducted the aquifer test 

Data Type: List, text string code not to exceed 10 characters 

(Examples of agencies in list) 

AAWSA Addis Ababa Water and Sewerage Authority 

ESTC Ethiopian Science and Technology Commission 

GSE Geological Survey of Ethiopia 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: dept_cd in the geo_pump_test table. Existing values stored in 

com_department_lut table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Selected by the user on the Pumping Test form of the Boreholes Detail Form. New 

data sources (agencies) can be added by the user by typing in a new agency name. 

ENGDA Field Form: Aquifer Test Field Form 

Aquifer Test Type 

Description: The type of the aquifer test. 

Data Type: List, text string code not to exceed 50 characters 

Flowing Artesian Well Test 

Multiple Well Constant Rate 

Multiple Well Step-Drawdown Test 

 - 60 - 
Single Well Constant Rate Aquifer Test 

Single Well Step-Drawdown Test 

Slug Test 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: test_type_tx in the geo_pump_test table. Existing values stored in 

geo_pump_test_types table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Selected by the user from a list on the Pumping Test form of the Boreholes Detail 

Form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Aquifer Test Field Form 

Aquifer Test Comment 

Description: This field contains miscellaneous information about the aquifer test. 

. 

Data Type: Text string not to exceed 150 characters 

Example: Aquifer Test Comment Test interrupted for 3 hours due to pump malfunction

ENGDA Database Table/Field: comment_tx in the geo_pump_test table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Entered by the user on the Pumping Test form of the Borehole Details form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Aquifer Test Field Form

Observation Well Characteristics 

Observation well data fields from the Aquifer Test Field Form (Appendix 2) are entered by clicking on the 

Observation Wells button in the Pumping Test form of the Borehole Details form in the ENGDA software. This 

brings up the Observation Wells Used in Pumping Test form. Here you can select existing wells in the database 

which were used as observation wells for the pumping test. For each observation well you must enter: 

Observation Well Name [REQUIRED] 

Description: The name of the observation well. 

Data Type: List; select Site Name from a list and site_id is stored in database. 

Example: Observation Well Name Test Site 1 Aba Ali, Kutaber

ENGDA Database Table/Field: data_well_site_id in the geo_pump_test_wells table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Selected by the user from a list of existing wells Observation Wells Used in Pumping

Test form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Aquifer Test Field Form, Well Inventory Field Form

Observation Well Azimuth 

 - 61 - 
Description: The azimuth (compass direction), in degrees, of the observation well from the pumped test well. If 

there is only one observation well it is not critical to the analysis of the aquifer test to have this value. However it 

should be recorded on the Aquifer Test Field Form and in the ENGDA database, but is not a required field. 

Data Type: Floating point number 

Example: Observation Well Azimuth 145.5 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: azimuth_va in the geo_pump_test_wells table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Entered by the user on the Observation Wells Used in Pumping Test form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Aquifer Test Field Form 

Observation Well Distance [REQUIRED] 

Description: The radial distance in meters of the observation well from the pumped test well. It is critical to the 

analysis if the aquifer test that the radial distance of the observation well from the test well is known, which is why 

this is a required field in the ENGDA database. 

Data Type: Floating point number 

Example: Observation Well Distance 120.5 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: distance_va in the geo_pump_test_wells table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Entered by the user on the Observation Wells Used in Pumping Test form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Aquifer Test Field Form 

Test Well Characteristics 

Selected information is required about the test well, in which water was pumped or a slug was used, in order to 

analyze the pumping test results. In some cases (for example, Depth to Aquifer Bottom) the hole characteristics may 

not be known and so must be estimated. In other cases (for example, Casing Diameter) the data may be stored in 

other parts of ENGDA. The data should be entered on the Pumping Test form, however, so that a record may be 

kept of the parameters used to analyze the pumping test data. 

Casing Diameter 

Description: Principal diameter of the casing in the test well, in centimeters. May be determined by examining the 

Well Casing information stored for the borehole in ENGDA; note however that the casing diameter units in the 

Casing table are in millimeters, while the units used here are in centimeters. 

Data Type: Floating point number

Example: Casing Diameter 25.0

ENGDA Database Table/Field: casing_dia_va in the geo_pump_test table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Entered by the user on the Pumping Test form of the Boreholes Detail Form. 

 - 62 - 
ENGDA Field Form: Aquifer Test Field Form, Well Construction Form 

Annulus Diameter 

Description: Principal diameter of the borehole, in centimeters. May be determined by examining the Hole 

information stored for the borehole in ENGDA; note however that the hole diameter units in the Hole table are in 

millimeters, while the units used here are in centimeters. 

Data Type: Floating point number 

Example: Annulus Diameter 40.0 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: annulus_dia_va in the geo_pump_test table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Entered by the user on the Pumping Test form of the Boreholes Detail Form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Aquifer Test Field Form, Well Construction Form 

Screen Length 

Description: Total length of the screened interval of the well, in meters. May be determined by examining the Well 

Casing information stored for the borehole in ENGDA; note however that multiple screened intervals may need to 

be added or interpreted to determine the correct screen length to be used in the pumping test analysis. 

Data Type: Floating point number 

Example: Screen Length 15.0 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: screen_length_va in the geo_pump_test table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Entered by the user on the Pumping Test form of the Boreholes Detail Form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Aquifer Test Field Form, Well Construction Form 

Depth to Screen Top 

Description: Depth to the top of the screen from the land surface, in meters. May be determined by examining the 

Well Casing information stored for the borehole in ENGDA. 

Data Type: Floating point number 

Example: Depth to Screen Top 80.0 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: screen_top_va in the geo_pump_test table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Entered by the user on the Pumping Test form of the Boreholes Detail Form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Aquifer Test Field Form, Well Construction Form 

 - 63 - 
Fill Material 

Description: Principal type of fill material throughout the screened interval of the well. May be determined by 

examining the Packing information stored for the borehole in ENGDA; note however that packing information over 

several intervals may need to be interpreted to determine the best value for fill material to use for the pumping test 

analysis. 

Data Type: List, text string code not to exceed 50 characters 

Coarse Sand 

Fine Sand 

Gravel 

Medium Sand 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: fill_material_tx in the geo_pump_test table. Existing values stored in 

geo_pump_test_fill_material. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Selected by the user from a list on the Pumping Test form of the Boreholes Detail 

Form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Aquifer Test Field Form, Well Construction Form 

Packing Material 

Description: Principal type of fill material throughout the screened interval of the well. May be determined by 

examining the Packing information stored for the borehole in ENGDA; note however that packing information over 

several intervals may need to be interpreted to determine the best value for packing material to use for the pumping 

test analysis. 

Data Type: List, text string code not to exceed 50 characters 

Backfill 

Bentonite 

Cement 

Open Hole 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: pack_material_tx in the geo_pump_test table. Allowable values stored in 

geo_pump_test_pack_material. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Selected by the user from a list on the Pumping Test form of the Boreholes Detail 

Form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Aquifer Test Field Form, Well Construction Form 

Depth to Aquifer Top 

Description: Depth to the top of the aquifer from the land surface, in meters. May be determined by examining the 

Drilling, Water Struck, Casing, and Lithology information stored for the borehole in ENGDA. 

Data Type: Floating point number 

Example: Depth to Screen Top 60.0 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: aquifer_top_va in the geo_pump_test table. 

 - 64 - 
ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Entered by the user on the Pumping Test form of the Boreholes Detail Form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Aquifer Test Field Form 

Depth to Aquifer Bottom 

Description: Depth to the bottom of the aquifer from the land surface, in meters. May be determined by examining 

the Drilling, Water Struck, Casing, Hole, and Lithology information stored for the borehole in ENGDA. 

Data Type: Floating point number 

Example: Depth to Screen Top 60.0 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: aquifer_bottom_va in the geo_pump_test table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Entered by the user on the Pumping Test form of the Boreholes Detail Form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Aquifer Test Field Form 

Aquifer Material 

Description: Principal type of aquifer material throughout the screened interval of the well. May be determined by 

examining the Lithology information stored for the borehole in ENGDA; note however that lithology information 

over several intervals may need to be interpreted to determine the best value for aquifer material to use for the 

pumping test analysis. 

Data Type: List, text string code not to exceed 50 characters 

Anhydrite 

Basalt 

Clay 

Clay soils (surface) 

Claystone 

Coarse Sand 

Fine Sand 

Fine-Grained Sandstone 

Fractured Igneous and Metamorphic Rock 

Gravel 

Karst 

Limestone, Dolomite 

Medium Sand 

Medium-Grained Sandstone 

Permeable Basalt 

Sand and Gravel Mixes 

Shale 

Silt, Loess 

Siltstone 

Till 

Unfractured Igneous and Metamorphic Rock 

Unweathered Marine Clay 

Weathered Gabbro 

Weathered Granite 

 - 65 - 
ENGDA Database Table/Field: aquifer_tx in the geo_pump_test table. Existing values stored in 

geo_pump_test_aquifer_materials. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Selected by the user from a list on the Pumping Test form of the Boreholes Detail 

Form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Aquifer Test Field Form 

Static Water Level 

Description: Static depth to water (just prior to the start of the pump) from the land surface, in meters. 

Data Type: Floating point number

Example: Static Water Level 30.0

ENGDA Database Table/Field: static_water_level_va in the geo_pump_test table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Entered by the user on the Pumping Test form of the Boreholes Detail Form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Aquifer Test Field Form, Slug Test Field Form

Confining Layer Thickness 

Description: Thickness of the confining layer over the tested aquifer, in meters. Applies only to specific aquifer test 

types. 

Data Type: Floating point number 

Example: Confining Layer Thickness 130.0 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: confine_thick_va in the geo_pump_test table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Entered by the user on the Pumping Test form of the Boreholes Detail Form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Aquifer Test Field Form 

Aquifer Test Characteristics 

Selected characteristics of the aquifer test are required to analyze the pumping test results. Additional data fields 

may be for documentation purposes only, such that other methods of analysis can be applied later. 

Safe Yield 

Description: The aquifer test safe yield (pumping rate that can be sustained while maintaining a relatively static 

drawdown), in liters per second. Used for documentation purposes only. 

Data Type: Floating point number 

Example: Duration of Test 12.4 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: yield_va in the geo_pump_test table. 

 - 66 - 
ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Entered by the user on the Pumping Test form of the Borehole Details form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Aquifer Test Field Form 

Pump Type 

Description: The type of pump used in the pumping test. Used for documentation purposes only. 

Data Type: List, 2-character code 

AL Air lift 

BL Bailer 

CP Centrifugal pump 

ES Electro-submersible 

SP Sand pump 

TR Turbine 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: method_pumped_cd in the geo_pump_test table. Allowable values stored in the 

geo_pump_methods table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Selected by the user from a list box on the Pumping Test form of the Borehole Details 

form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Aquifer Test Field Form 

Pump Suction 

Description: The pump suction in meters. Used for documentation purposes only. 

Data Type: Floating point number

Example: Pump suction 5.26

ENGDA Database Table/Field: pump_suction_va in the geo_pump_test table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Entered by the user on the Pumping Test form of the Borehole Details form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Aquifer Test Field Form

Discharge Method 

Description: Method used to determine the discharge at the pumped well. Used for documentation purposes only. 

Data Type: List, 1-character code 

C Current meter 

E Estimated 

F Flume 

M Totaling meter 

O Orifice meter 

R Reported 

U Venturi meter 

V Volumetric measurement 

W Wier 

 - 67 - 
Z Other 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: discharge_method_cd in the geo_pump_test table. Allowable values stored in 

geo_well_yield_method_cd_lut. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Selected by the user from a list on the Pumping Test form of the Borehole Detail 

form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Aquifer Test Field Form, Discharge Measurement Field Form

Suction Depth 

Description: The depth, in meters below land surface, of the intake mouth pump suction. Used for documentation 

purposes only. 

Data Type: Floating point number 

Example: Suction Depth 9.45 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: pump_suction_depth_va in the geo_pump_test table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Entered by the user on the Pumping Test form of the Borehole Details form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Aquifer Test Field Form 

Working Water Level 

Description: The depth, in meters below land surface, of the water at the end of the pumping test, right before the 

pump is turned off. This can be used to calculate specific capacity of the well. It is mainly stored for documentation 

purposes only. 

Data Type: Floating point number 

Example: Working Water Level 10.87 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: working_water_level_va in the geo_pump_test table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Entered by the user on the Pumping Test form of the Borehole Details form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Aquifer Test Field Form 

Test Flow Rate 

Description: The pumping flow rate, in liters per second (L/s), maintained throughout the aquifer test for Constant

Rate or Flowing Artesian Well type pumping tests. Required for aquifer test analysis. 

Data Type: Floating point number

Example: Test Flow Rate 10.5

ENGDA Database Table/Field: rate_va in the geo_pump_test table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Entered by the user on the Pumping Test form of the Borehole Details form. 

 - 68 - 
ENGDA Field Form: Aquifer Test Field Form 

Constant Drawdown 

Description: The difference, in meters, between the static head, and the head after opening the well, for an artesian 

well that is capped or has an above ground stand pipe. Required only for Jacob-Lohman Flowing Well pumping test 

analysis (Halford and Kuniansky, 2002). 

Data Type: Floating point number 

Example: Constant Drawdown 10.87 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: drawdown_va in the geo_pump_test table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Entered by the user on the Pumping Test form of the Borehole Details form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Aquifer Test Field Form 

Assumed Storage Coefficient 

Description: Assumed storage coefficient (dimensionless) for the tested aquifer. Required only for Pumping StepDrawdown and Cooper-Jacob with Efficiency pumping test analyses. 

Data Type: Floating point number 

Example: Assumed Storage Coefficient 0.0005 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: storage_coeff_va in the geo_pump_test table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Entered by the user on the Pumping Test form of the Borehole Details form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Aquifer Test Field Form 

Slug Test Characteristics 

Selected characteristics of the slug are required to analyze the slug-type aquifer test results. 

Slug Type 

Description: Type of slug introduced into tested well. 

Data Type: List, text string not to exceed 10 characters 

Air 

Bailer 

Poured 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: slug_type_tx in the geo_pump_test table. Allowable values stored in 

geo_pump_test_slug_types. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Selected by the user from a list on the Pumping Test form of the Borehole Detail 

form. 

 - 69 - 
ENGDA Field Form: Slug Test Field Form 

Slug Length 

Description: The length, in centimeters, of a bailer type slug. 

Data Type: Floating point number

Example: Slug Length 50.0

ENGDA Database Table/Field: slug_length_va in the geo_pump_test table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Entered by the user on the Pumping Test form of the Borehole Details form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Slug Test Field Form

Slug Diameter 

Description: The diameter, in centimeters, of a bailer type slug. 

Data Type: Floating point number

Example: Slug Length 8.0

ENGDA Database Table/Field: slug_dia_va in the geo_pump_test table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Entered by the user on the Pumping Test form of the Borehole Details form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Slug Test Field Form

Slug Length (Air Slug) 

Description: The length, in centimeters, of the column of water displaced using an air type slug. 

Data Type: Floating point number

Example: Slug Length 50.0

ENGDA Database Table/Field: slug_disp_va in the geo_pump_test table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Entered by the user on the Pumping Test form of the Borehole Details form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Slug Test Field Form

Slug Volume 

Description: The volume, in liters, of a poured type slug. 

Data Type: Floating point number

Example: Slug Volume 50.0

ENGDA Database Table/Field: slug_vol_va in the geo_pump_test table. 

 - 70 - 
ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Entered by the user on the Pumping Test form of the Borehole Details form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Slug Test Field Form 

Water Level and Discharge Data Fields 

During aquifer tests, data are collected on the discharge rate of the pumped test well and on the water levels in the 

pumped test well and any observation wells. For the pumped test wells, data may also be collected on the water 

quality of the pumped water. These data are entered into ENGDA by clicking on the Water Level Data Input button 

in the Pumping Test form of the Borehole Details form. This brings up the Pumping Test Data Entry form, where 

the following data can be entered from the Aquifer Test or Slug Test Field Form. 

NOTE: On field forms, water-level data includes Depth to Water from the Measuring Point, the Elevation of the 

Measuring Point, and the Depth to Water Below Land Surface; of these, only the Depth to Water Below Land 

Surface is entered into the database. 

Water Level Date/Time [REQUIRED] 

Description: The date/time at which a pumping test data measurement is made. 

Data Type: Date field in the format of dd/mm/yyyy hh:mm. 

Example: Water Level Date/Time: 28/11/2002 15:30

ENGDA Database Table/Field: water_level_dt in the geo_pump_test_water_levels table.

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Entered by the user on the Pumping Test Data Entry form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Aquifer Test or Slug Test Field Form

Water Level 

Description: The water level in meters below the land surface or measuring point (which could be the top of 

casing). 

Data Type: Floating point number 

Example: Water Level 20.34 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: water_level_va in the geo_pump_test_water_levels table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Entered by the user on the Pumping Test Data Entry form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Aquifer Test or Slug Test Field Form 

Pump Discharge 

Description: The pump discharge of the pumping well in liters per second. 

 - 71 - 
Data Type: Floating point number 

Example: Pump Discharge 1.34 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: discharge_va in the geo_pump_test_water_levels table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Entered by the user on the Pumping Test Data Entry form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Aquifer Test Form 

Water Temperature 

Description: The water temperature in degree Celsius of the water pumped. 

Data Type: Floating point number

Example: Water Temperature 20.3

ENGDA Database Table/Field: water_temp_va in the geo_pump_test_water_levels table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Entered by the user on the Pumping Test Data Entry form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Aquifer Test Form

Water Conductivity 

Description: The conductivity in microsiemens per centimeter of the water pumped. 

Data Type: Floating point number

Example: Water Conductivity 245

ENGDA Database Table/Field: water_cond_va in the geo_pump_test_water_levels table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Entered by the user on the Pumping Test Data Entry form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Aquifer Test Form

Turbidity 

Description: The turbidity in NTU of the water pumped. 

Data Type: Floating point number

Example: Turbidity 60

ENGDA Database Table/Field: water_turbidity_va in the geo_pump_test_water_levels table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Entered by the user on the Pumping Test Data Entry form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Aquifer Test Form

 - 72 - 
Appearance 

Description: The appearance of the water pumped. 

Data Type: Text string not to exceed 30 characters 

Example: Appearance Cloudy

ENGDA Database Table/Field: water_appearance_cd in the geo_pump_test_water_levels table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Entered by the user on the Pumping Test Data Entry form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Aquifer Test Form

Comment 

Description: A comment about the water-level measurement. 

Data Type: Text string not to exceed 50 characters 

Example: Comment No conductivity because meter broke

ENGDA Database Table/Field: comment_tx in the geo_pump_test_water_levels table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Entered by the user on the Pumping Test Data Entry form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Aquifer Test Form, Slug Test Field Form

Pumping Test Results 

Aquifer properties that are estimated as a result of pumping tests can be stored in ENDGA. Note that ENGDA has 

been set up to transfer data directly into aquifer test analysis spreadsheets (Halford and Kuniansky, 2002). 

Result Estimation Date 

Description: The date on which the aquifer properties were estimated. 

Data Type: Date field in the format of dd/mm/yyyy. 

Example: Result Estimation Date 28/11/2002.

ENGDA Database Table/Field: result_dt in the geo_pump_test_results table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Entered by the user on the Pumping Test Results form which is accessed by clicking 

on the Results button on the Pumping Test form of the Borehole Details form. 

ENGDA Field Form: none-Data is analyzed using graphical methods or software

Transmissivity 

Description: The transmissivity of the aquifer in m2

/day as calculated based on the pumping test at the site. 

 - 73 - 
Data Type: Floating point number 

Example: Transmissivity 3.0 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: transmissivity_va in the geo_pump_test_results table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Entered by the user on the Pumping Test Results form which is accessed by clicking 

on the Results button on the Pumping Test form of the Borehole Details form. 

ENGDA Field Form: none-Data is analyzed using graphical methods or software 

Hydraulic Conductivity 

Description: The hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer in m/day as calculated based on the pumping test at the site. 

Data Type: Floating point number 

Example: Hydraulic Conductivity 3.0 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: horiz_conduct_va in the geo_pump_test_results table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Entered by the user on the Pumping Test Results form which is accessed by clicking 

on the Results button on the Pumping Test form of the Borehole Details form. 

ENGDA Field Form: none-Data is analyzed using graphical methods or software 

Specific Storage 

Description: The specific storage of the aquifer in 1/ft as calculated based on the pumping test at the site. Note this 

value can only be determined from a multi-well aquifer test. 

Data Type: Floating point number 

Example: Specific Storage 3.0 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: spfc_storage_va in the geo_pump_test_results table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Entered by the user on the Pumping Test Results form which is accessed by clicking 

on the Results button on the Pumping Test form of the Borehole Details form. 

ENGDA Field Form: none-Data is analyzed using graphical methods or software 

Storage Coefficient 

Description: The storage coefficient of the aquifer (dimensionless) as calculated based on the pumping test at the 

site. The storage coefficient can sometimes be estimated from a single-well pumping test if wellbore storage effects 

are negligible and the well is very efficient. However, it is best to estimate from a multi-well aquifer test. 

Data Type: Floating point number 

Example: Storage Coefficient 3.0 

 - 74 - 
ENGDA Database Table/Field: storage_coeff_va in the geo_pump_test_results table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Entered by the user on the Pumping Test Results form which is accessed by clicking 

on the Results button on the Pumping Test form of the Borehole Details form. 

ENGDA Field Form: none-Data is analyzed using graphical methods or software 

 - 75 - 
WATER USE, DISCHARGE, AND WATER LEVEL DATA FIELDS 

These fields are used for describing water use, discharge values at wells and springs, and water level measurements. 

These fields are either on their own form specific to water use, discharge, or water levels or are on several other 

forms, such as well inventory or well construction. 

Water Use Data Fields 

These are the fields used to describe the use of the water from a site. Water use can be reported by year or by month. 

Water-use quantities should be reported in cubic meters. 

Water Use Year/Month [REQUIRED] 

Description: The year or year and month for which water use is being reported. 

Data Type: Text string not to exceed 6 characters. 

Example: Water Use Year/Month 2000 

Water Use Year/Month 200001 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: wu_record_year_month_tx in the geo_well_wateruse table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Entered by the user on the Water Use form of the Borehole Detail form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Water use 

Domestic Use 

Description: The amount of water used for domestic purposes, in cubic meters. 

Data Type: Floating point number

Example: Domestic Use 12.34

ENGDA Database Table/Field: domestic_va in the geo_well_wateruse table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Entered by the user on the Water Use form of the Borehole Detail form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Water use 

Irrigation Use 

Description: The amount of water used for irrigation purposes, in cubic meters. 

Data Type: Floating point number

Example: Irrigation Use 12.34

ENGDA Database Table/Field: irrigation_va in the geo_well_wateruse table. 

 - 76 - 
ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Entered by the user on the Water Use form of the Borehole Detail form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Water use 

Mining Use 

Description: The amount of water used for mining purposes, in cubic meters. 

Data Type: Floating point number

Example: Mining Use 12.34

ENGDA Database Table/Field: mining_va in the geo_well_wateruse table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Entered by the user on the Water Use form of the Borehole Detail form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Water use 

Industrial Use 

Description: The amount of water used for industrial purposes, in cubic meters. 

Data Type: Floating point number

Example: Industrial Use 12.34

ENGDA Database Table/Field: industrial_va in the geo_well_wateruse table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Entered by the user on the Water Use form of the Borehole Detail form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Water use 

Public Supply Use 

Description: The amount of water used for public supply purposes, in cubic meters. 

Data Type: Floating point number

Example: Public Supply Use 12.34

ENGDA Database Table/Field: public_supply_va in the geo_well_wateruse table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Entered by the user on the Water Use form of the Borehole Detail form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Water use 

Stock Watering Use 

Description: The amount of water used for stock watering purposes, in cubic meters. 

 - 77 - 
Data Type: Floating point number 

Example: Stock Watering Use 12.34 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: stock_va in the geo_well_wateruse table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Entered by the user on the Water Use form of the Borehole Detail form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Water use 

Geothermal Use 

Description: The amount of water used for geothermal purposes, in cubic meters. 

Data Type: Floating point number

Example: Geothermal Use 12.34

ENGDA Database Table/Field: geothermal_va in the geo_well_wateruse table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Entered by the user on the Water Use form of the Borehole Detail form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Water use 

Mixed Use 

Description: The amount of water used for multiple purposes, in cubic meters. 

Data Type: Floating point number

Example: Mixed Use 12.34

ENGDA Database Table/Field: other_va in the geo_well_wateruse table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Entered by the user on the Water Use form of the Borehole Detail form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Water use 

Other Use 

Description: The amount of water used for other purposes, in cubic meters. 

Data Type: Floating point number

Example: Other Use 12.34

ENGDA Database Table/Field: other_va in the geo_well_wateruse table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Entered by the user on the Water Use form of the Borehole Detail form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Water use 

 - 78 - 
Data Source 

Description: The entity type that provided the water use data 

Data Type: List, 1-character code 

O Owner 

R Regional bureau 

S Regulatory agency 

Z Other 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: src_cd in the geo_well_wateruse table. Allowable values stored in

geo_data_source_cd_lut table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Selected by the user from a list in the Water Use form of the Borehole Detail form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Water use 

Method 

Description: Method used to determine the water use 

Data Type: List, 1-character code 

E Estimated 

M Metered

ENGDA Database Table/Field: remarks_tx in the geo_well_wateruse table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Selected by the user from a list on the Water Use form of the Borehole Detail form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Water use 

Discharge Data Fields 

Well or spring discharge (yield) data are measurements of water that is flowing from a spring or water that can be 

pumped from a well while the pumping water level remains relatively static. 

Date Discharge Measured [REQUIRED] 

Description: The date of the discharge measurement. 

Data Type: Date field in the format of dd/mm/yyyy hh:mm. 

Example: Finish 28/11/2002 15:30

ENGDA Database Table/Field: result_dt in the geo_well_discharge table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Entered by the user on the Yield form of the Borehole Detail form. 

 - 79 - 
ENGDA Field Form: Discharge 

Discharge 

Description: The measured discharge of the well or spring, in liters per second. 

Data Type: Real number 

Example: Discharge 5.26

ENGDA Database Table/Field: result_va in the geo_well_discharge table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Entered by the user on the Yield form of the Borehole Detail form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Discharge 

Measurement Method 

Description: The method used to measure the discharge. 

Data Type: List, 1-character code 

C Current meter 

E Estimated 

F Flume 

M Totaling meter 

O Orifice wier 

R Reported 

U Venturi meter 

V Volumetric measurement 

W Wier 

Z Other 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: method_cd in the geo_well_discharge table. Allowable values stored in 

geo_well_yield_method_cd table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Selected by the user from a list in the Yield form of the Borehole Detail form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Discharge 

Type of Discharge 

Description: Describe if the discharge is naturally flowing or, if by a pump, then describe the pumping status. 

Data Type: List , 1-character code 

P pumped 

F flowing 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: status_cd in the geo_well_discharge table. Allowable values stored in 

geo_gw_level_status_cd table. 

 - 80 - 
ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Selected by the user from a list in the Yield form of the Borehole Detail form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Discharge 

Measured By 

Description: This field contains a code representing the name of the person that made the discharge measurement. 

Data Type: List, 5 character code; code consists of first 2 letters of first name, first 2 letters of second name, 

followed by a sequential integer if the 4-letter codes are duplicated. 

(Example of names in list) 

DALI David Litke 

DALI2 David Little 

TETA Tesfaya Tadesse 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: party_id in the geo_well_discharge table. Allowable values stored in 

geo_party_id_lut table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Selected by the user from a list in the Yield form of the Borehole Detail form. New 

persons can be added to the database by using the “Edit/Create Borehole Staff” menu option in the ENGDA 

database. 

ENGDA Field Form: Discharge 

Comment 

Description: A comment about the discharge measurement. 

Data Type: Text string not to exceed 100 characters. 

Example: Comment Measurement made twice and average taken

ENGDA Database Table/Field: remark_tx in the geo_well_discharge table.

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Entered by the user in the Yield form of the Borehole Detail form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Discharge 

Water Level Data Fields 

These fields are used to describe instantaneous water levels measured at sites. Some of the data required on the 

Water Level Field Form, such as land surface altitude, site location information, have been discussed in previous 

sections of the data dictionary (Site Location Information and Well Inventory Information). 

NOTE: Water-level data field forms include data (Held position, Cut position and Depth to Water from the 

Measuring Point) needed to calculate the Depth to Water Below Land Surface; these data are not entered into 

ENGDA. The final result (Depth to Water Below Land Surface) is entered into the database. This is a calculated 

value. 

 - 81 - 
Date/Time Water Level Measured [REQUIRED] 

Description: The date or date/time of the water level measurement. 

Data Type: Date field in the format of dd/mm/yyyy hh:mm. 

Example: Date/Time Water Level Measured 20/08/2001 13:00

ENGDA Database Table/Field: result_dt in the geo_gw_level table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Entered by the user on the Water Level form of the Borehole Detail form. 

ENGDA Field Forms: Well Inventory, Water Level Measurement, Aquifer Test, Slug Test

Held 

Description: When using a steel tape to measure the depth to water below a measuring point one holds a fixed mark 

in meters at the measuring point. This number is the held number used with the cut value in computation of depth to 

water below measuring point (held minus cut equals depth to water below MP). If an electric tape is used the held is 

the mark read off of the tape in decimal meters for when the device sounds or lights up indicating the water level has 

been reached. 

Data Type: Real number 

Example: Held 5.26 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: none 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: none 

ENGDA Field Forms: Well Inventory, Water Level Measurement, Aquifer Test, Slug Test 

Cut 

Description: When using a steel tape to measure the depth to water below a measuring point one holds a fixed mark 

in meters at the measuring point. This is the held number. The cut is the measured value in decimal meters where 

the line indicating the submerged part of the steel tape versus the dry part of the steel tape (held minus cut equals 

depth to water below MP). This field is not used for all methods. 

Data Type: Real number 

Example: Cut 5.26 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: none 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: none 

ENGDA Field Forms: Well Inventory, Water Level Measurement, Aquifer Test, Slug Test 

Equipment ID 

Description: Serial number of water level meter used or some other identification number on the equipment used 

for measuring the water level. 

 - 82 - 
Data Type: character 

Example: Equipment ID P29904 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: none 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: none 

ENGDA Field Forms: Well Inventory, Water Level Measurement, Aquifer Test, Slug Test 

Water Level 

Description: The measured water level of the well, in meter below the measuring point. 

Data Type: Real number 

Example: Water Level 5.26

ENGDA Database Table/Field: result_va in the geo_gw_level table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Entered by the user on the Water Level form of the Borehole Detail form. 

ENGDA Field Forms: Well Inventory, Water Level Measurement, Aquifer Test, Slug Test

Measurement Method 

Description: The method used to measure the water level. 

Data Type: List, 2-character code 

0 Unknown 

1 Steel Tape 

2 Electric Tape 

3 Pressure Gage 

4 Timing the sound from dropping a stone 

5 Reported 

6 Estimated from the length of a string 

7 Use of a sounder on the end of a string 

8 Transducer 

9 Recorder 

10 Other 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: method_cd in the geo_gw_level table. Allowable values stored in 

geo_gw_level_method_cd table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Selected by the user from a list in the Water Level form of the Borehole Detail form. 

ENGDA Field Forms: Well Inventory, Water Level Measurement, Aquifer Test, Slug Test 

Well Status 

 - 83 - 
Description: Describe if the discharge is naturally flowing or, if by a pump, then describe the pumping status. For 

a water level measurement in an observation well, the status would be “Static Water Level’” 1. 

Data Type: List, 1-digit code 

0 UNKNOWN (Condition unknown) 

1 STATIC (Static water level) 

2 PUMPING (The site was being pumped) 

3 RECENTLY PUMPED (The site had been pumped recently) 

4 NEARBY SITE PUMPING (A nearby site that taps the same aquifer was being pumped) 

5 DRY (The site was dry-no water level is recorded) 

6 OBSTRUCTED (An obstruction was encountered-no water level is recorded). 

7 OTHER (Other conditions that would affect the measured water level) 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: status_cd in the geo_gw_level table. Allowable values stored in

geo_gw_level_status_cd_lut table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Selected by the user from a list in the Water Level form of the Borehole Detail form. 

ENGDA Field Forms: Well Inventory, Water Level Measurement

Measuring Point Description 

Description: A detailed description of the measuring point may be entered here. Up to 120 characters of remarks are

allowed. 

Data Type: Text string not to exceed 120 characters. 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: mp_location_tx in the geo_gw_level table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Entered by the user on the Water Level form of the Borehole Detail form. 

ENGDA Field Forms: Well Inventory, Water Level Measurement

Measuring Point Height 

Description: The height of the measuring point above or below the land surface, in meters. If the measuring point 

is below the land surface, it is recorded as a negative value. It is used to calculate the depth to water above or 

below land surface. 

Data Type: Real number 

Example: Measuring Point Height 5.26

 Measuring Point Height –3.25 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: mp_height_va in the geo_gw_level table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Entered by the user on the Water Level form of the Borehole Detail form. 

ENGDA Field Forms: Well Inventory, Water Level Measurement 

 - 84 - 
Measured By 

Description: This field contains a code representing the name of the person that made the water level measurement. 

Data Type: List, 5 character code; code consists of first 2 letters of first name, first 2 letters of second name, 

followed by a sequential integer if the 4-letter codes are duplicated. 

(Example of names in list) 

DALI David Litke 

DALI2 David Little 

TETA Tesfaya Tadesse 

PAT1 Patrick Tucci 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: party_id in the geo_gw_level table. Allowable values stored in geo_party_id_lut 

table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Selected by the user from a list in the Water Level form of the Borehole Detail form. 

New persons can be added to the database by using the “Edit/Create Borehole Staff” menu option in the ENGDA 

database. 

ENGDA Field Forms: Well Inventory, Water Level Measurement 

 - 85 - 
PUMP AND BOREHOLE GEOPHYSICAL LOGS DATA FIELDS 

Data about the type of pumps installed on a well or geophysical logs that were collected at a well or borehole can be 

recorded in ENGDA or filled out on various field forms. 

Data Fields for Each Pump Installation 

Because pumps are sometimes changed, information can be stored about a history of pumps at the well, including 

the date each was installed and removed. Each installed pump is assigned a sequence number (maximum of 6). 

A record is entered into the database for all of the information about one pump installation and these data are 

associated with the sequence number (called pump number). 

Pump Number [REQUIRED] 

Description: A sequence number is automatically assigned to the pump; the first pump number is 1.

Data Type: Short integer 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: lift_seq_nu in the geo_well_lift table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: This number is assigned automatically by ENGDA when a user clicks the NEW 

button on the Pump form on the Borehole Details form. 

ENGDA Field Forms: Form for record of pumps installed

Pump Installation Contractor 

Description: The person or company that installed the pump. 

Data Type: character field 

Example: Acme Water Wells Incorporated 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: 

ENGDA Field Forms: Form for record of pumps installed 

Pump Installation Supervisor 

Description: The person who supervised the pump installation. 

Data Type: character field 

Example: Eve Kuniansky 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: 

ENGDA Field Forms: Form for record of pumps installed 

 - 86 - 
Pump Install Date 

Description: The date on which the pump was installed. 

Data Type: Date field in the format of dd/mm/yyyy. 

Example: Pump Install Date 28/11/2002.

ENGDA Database Table/Field: lift_start_dt in the geo_well_lift table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Entered by the user on the Pump form on the Borehole Details form. 

ENGDA Field Forms: Form for record of pumps installed

Pump Removal Date 

Description: The date on which the pump was removed. 

Data Type: Date field in the format of dd/mm/yyyy. 

Example: Pump Removal Date 28/11/2002.

ENGDA Database Table/Field: lift_end_dt in the geo_well_lift table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Entered by the user on the Pump form on the Borehole Details form. 

ENGDA Field Forms: Form for record of pumps installed

Pump Type 

Description: The type of pump installed on the well. See the following descriptions (Babcock and others, 2004). 

Bucket includes the familiar "rope and bucket," chain and bucket lifts, and the small bailer lifted by a rope or chain 

and pulley. 

Centrifugal pumps have rotating impellers in a closed chamber that draw the water into the pump. The water is then 

discharged from the pump, commonly under great pressure, by centrifugal force. Such pumps have maximum lift of 

about 25 feet but can force water to considerable heights above the pump. 

Jet pumps have two pipes extending from the pump into the well. One pipe forces water down the hole under 

pressure while the other pipe discharges water that has been forced to the surface by the action of the jet. Jet pumps 

are used principally for small water supplies, such as would be used for a suburban home, farm, or small commercial 

establishment. 

Piston pumps include the familiar lift and pitcher pumps common in many rural areas. The old "reciprocating" 

pumps and the "deep-well with walking-beam jacks" are of the piston type. 

Rotary pumps operate on the principle that direct pressure is created by squeezing the water between specially 

designed runners. A relatively high vacuum may be created on the intake side so the suction lift is comparable to 

that for centrifugal pumps. 

A submergible pump is a special type of turbine in which an electric motor is connected directly to the impellers and 

submerged beneath the water. It can be recognized by the presence of insulated electric wire leading into the well 

and the absence of any pump or power unit at the surface. 

 - 87 - 
Turbines are of several types and may be for a deep or shallow well. A series of impellers, placed below the surface 

of the water, are rotated by a vertical shaft connected to a power source at the land surface. These impellers "pick 

up" the water and force it to the surface through the pump column. Such pumps are commonly used to lift large 

amounts of water at high pressure. They are used in high-capacity wells for public, industrial, or irrigation supply. 

Use unknown only if the site is equipped with a pump about which other data are available, but the type of pump 

cannot be identified. 

Data Type: List, 1-character code 

N None 

B Bucket 

C Centrifugal 

J Jet 

P Piston 

R Rotary 

S Submergible 

T Turbines 

U Unknown 

Z Other 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: lift_cd in the geo_well_lift table. Allowable values stored in 

geo_well_lift_cd_lut. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Selected by the user from a list box on the Pump form of the Borehole Detail form. 

ENGDA Field Forms: Form for record of pumps installed 

Intake Depth 

Description: The depth, in meters below land surface, of the pump intake. 

Data Type: Floating point number 

Example: Intake Depth 9.45 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: intake_depth_va in the geo_well_lift table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Entered by the user on the Pump form of the Borehole Details form. 

ENGDA Field Forms: Form for record of pumps installed 

Pump Rating 

Description: The rating of the pump as the volume of water lifted per unit of power consumed. The value should be 

expressed as cubic meters of water per kilowatt-hour of electricity, cubic foot of natural gas, or liter of liquid fuel, 

depending on how the pump is powered. This value is commonly used to estimate water pumped where water 

volumes are not recorded, by instead using records of power consumption combined with the pump rating. 

Data Type: Floating point number 

Example: Pump Rating 9.45 

 - 88 - 
ENGDA Database Table/Field: pump_rating_fc in the geo_well_lift table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Entered by the user on the Pump form of the Borehole Details form. 

ENGDA Field Forms: Form for record of pumps installed

Power Type 

Description: The type of power used to power the pump 

Data Type: List, 1-character code 

E Electric 

M Manual 

G Gas 

A Animal 

P Petroleum 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: power_cd in the geo_well_lift table. Allowable values stored in the form. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Selected by the user from a list box on the Pump form of the Borehole Detail form. 

ENGDA Field Forms: Form for record of pumps installed 

Pump Horsepower 

Description: The horsepower rating of the primary power source (motor) for the pump. 

Data Type: Floating point number

Example: Pump Horsepower 24.5

ENGDA Database Table/Field: hp_va in the geo_well_lift table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Entered by the user on the Pump form of the Borehole Details form. 

ENGDA Field Forms: Form for record of pumps installed

Pump Manufacturer 

Description: The company that manufactured the pump. 

Data Type: Text string not to exceed 50 characters. 

(Example of names in list) 

Armstrong 

Blackstone 

Bradford 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: manufacturer_nm in the geo_well_lift table. Allowable values in 

geo_pump_man_lut. 

 - 89 - 
ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Selected by the user from a list box on the Pump form of the Borehole Detail form. 

Select existing value from a list box or enter new value. 

ENGDA Field Forms: Form for record of pumps installed 

Pump Serial Number 

Description: The serial number of the pump.

Data Type: Text string not to exceed 12 characters. 

Example: Pump Serial Number 2N3E2001

ENGDA Database Table/Field: serial_no_va in the geo_well_lift table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Entered by the user on the Pump form of the Borehole Details form. 

ENGDA Field Forms: Form for record of pumps installed

Pump Capacity 

Description: The manufacturer’s pump capacity rating in liters per second.

Data Type: Floating point number

Example: Pump Capacity 20.5

ENGDA Database Table/Field: capacity_va in the geo_well_lift table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Entered by the user on the Pump form of the Borehole Details form. 

ENGDA Field Forms: Form for record of pumps installed

Geophysical Logs Data Fields 

Logs Data Fields are used to describe data about the types of down-hole logs available for a borehole. The actual 

logs can be viewed from ENDGA if they are available in a standard Windows electronic format (for example, text 

files, MS Word files, or MS Excel files) and are stored in the ENGDA log-storage directory (ENDGA/logs). 

Proprietary log formats would be in the log-storage directory maintained by the local database administrator, but 

would require software for that specific file format for viewing the log. Many of the borehole image logs are 

collected in proprietary formats. 

Logging Date [REQUIRED] 

Description: The date on which the borehole log was acquired. 

Data Type: Date field in the format of dd/mm/yyyy. 

Example: Logging Date: 28/11/2002 

 - 90 - 
ENGDA Database Table/Field: log_dt in the geo_well_logs table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Entered by the user on the Logs form of the Borehole Details form. 

ENGDA Field Forms: None prepared. Geophysical logs are collected electronically with specific instrumentation. 

If geophysical logs are collected the digital files should have a header indicating the well or borehole and the 

electronic log file should be provided to the Ministry of Water Resources and the Geological Survey of Ethiopia for 

storage in the appropriate ENGDA database directory. 

Log Type [REQUIRED] 

Description: Type of log. 

Data Type: List, 2-character code 

CS Caliper, single 

CT Caliper, three 

ED Dipmeter 

EE Electric 

EF Focused resistivity 

EL Long normal 

EP SP 

ER Resistance 

ES Short normal 

FC Fluid conductivity 

FE EM flow 

FF Fluid differential temp 

FR Fluid resistivity 

FT Fluid temp 

FV Fluid velocity 

NG Gamma 

OR Other 

OV Video 

WC Casing collar 

WD Deviation 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: logs_cd in the geo_well_logs table. Allowable values stored in geo_log_type_lut 

table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Selected by the user on the Logs form of the Borehole Detail form. 

ENGDA Field Forms: None prepared. Geophysical logs are collected electronically with specific instrumentation. 

If geophysical logs are collected the digital files should have a header indicating the well or borehole and the 

electronic log file should be provided to the Ministry of Water Resources and the Geological Survey of Ethiopia for 

storage in the appropriate ENGDA database directory. 

Logging Agency 

Description: Name of organization, company, or laboratory that collected the log. 

Data type: List, 4-character code 

 - 91 - 
Example: Logging Agency Ministry of Water Resource

 Logging Agency Geological Survey of Ethiopia 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: logs_src_cd in the geo_well_logs table. Allowable values stored in 

com_department_lut table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Selected by the user from a list box on the Logs form of the Borehole Detail form. 

New Agencies can be added by typing in a new agency name. 

ENGDA Field Forms: None prepared. Geophysical logs are collected electronically with specific instrumentation. 

If geophysical logs are collected the digital files should have a header indicating the well or borehole and the 

electronic log file should be provided to the Ministry of Water Resources and the Geological Survey of Ethiopia for 

storage in the appropriate ENGDA database directory. 

Log File Name 

Description: The name of the electronic file in which the log is stored. File types recognized by ENDGA include 

txt, doc, xls, pdf, jpg, and bmp files. For files to be viewed in ENDGA, they must be stored in the endga/log 

directory. 

Data Type: Text string not to exceed 50 characters 

Example: Log File Name SRC1 Addis Resistivity.xls 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: log_file_nm in the geo_well_logs table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Entered by the user on the Logs form of the Borehole Detail form. 

ENGDA Field Forms: None prepared. Geophysical logs are collected electronically with specific instrumentation. 

If geophysical logs are collected the digital files should have a header indicating the well or borehole and the 

electronic log file should be provided to the Ministry of Water Resources and the Geological Survey of Ethiopia for 

storage in the appropriate ENGDA database directory. 

 - 92 - 
HYDROCHEMISTRY DATA FIELDS 

Hydrochemistry data include data about the sample that is collected, the lab that does the analysis, and the values of 

the parameters being measured. Not all of the data that is recorded on the “Form for Record for Water-Quality 

Sample at Well” is stored in ENGDA. 

Sample Information 

Sample information includes data about how the sample was collected, and various field measurements made at the 

time of sample collection. 

Sample Date/Time [REQUIRED] 

Description: Date and time of water-quality sample collection.

Data Type: Date field in the format of dd/mm/yyyy hh:mm. 

Example: Sample Date/Time: 28/11/2002 15:30

ENGDA Database Table/Field: sample_dt in the qw_sample table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Entered by the user on the Sample form of the Water-Quality Results form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Entered by the user on the Sample form of the Water-Quality Results form. 

Sample Type 

Description: The type of material that is collected. Generally, this is water, but occasionally rock, earth materials, or 

precipitation are collected at a site. 

Data Type: List, integer code 

1 Ground water 

2 Spring water 

3 Well cuttings 

4 Sediment 

5 Rain water 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: medium_cd in the qw_sample table. Allowable values stored in 

com_medium_cd. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Selected by the user from a list box on the Sample form of the Water-Quality Results 

form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Entered by the user on the Sample form of the Water-Quality Results form. 

Sampled By 

Description: This field contains a code representing the name of the person that collected the water sample, or if a 

team collected the sample, the leader of the sampling team. 

 - 93 - 
Data Type: List, 5 character code; code consists of first 2 letters of first name, first 2 letters of second name, 

followed by a sequential integer if the 4-letter codes are duplicated. 

(Example of names in list) 

DALI David Litke 

DALI2 David Little 

TETA Tesfaya Tadesse 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: party_id in the qw_sample table. Allowable values stored in qw_party_id_lut 

table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Selected by the user from a list box on the Sample form of the Water-Quality Results 

form. New persons can be added to the database by using the “Edit/Create Water-Quality Staff” menu option in the 

ENGDA database. 

ENGDA Field Form: Entered by the user on the Sample form of the Water-Quality Results form. 

Sampling Agency 

Description: Name of organization, company, or laboratory that collected the sample. 

Data type: List, 4-character code 

Example: Sampling Agency Ministry of Water Resource

 Sampling Agency Geological Survey of Ethiopia 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: dept_cd in the qw_sample table. Allowable values stored in 

com_department_lut table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Selected by the user from a list box on the Sample form of the Water-Quality Results 

form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Entered by the user on the Sample form of the Water-Quality Results form. 

Sampling Project 

Description: Name of the project that funded the sample collection.

Data Type: Text string not to exceed 50 characters. 

Example: Sampling Project EGWRAP

ENGDA Database Table/Field: project_tx in the qw_sample table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Entered by the user on the Sample form of the Water-Quality Results form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Entered by the user on the Sample form of the Water-Quality Results form. 

Sample Number 

Description: An identification number assigned by the agency collecting the water sample; commonly this is a 

number or code written on the sample bottles in the field to identify them. 

 - 94 - 
Data Type: Text string not to exceed 16 characters 

Example: Sample Number 102030345213TH

ENGDA Database Table/Field: department_sample_nu_tx in the qw_sample table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Entered by the user on the Sample form of the Water-Quality Results form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Entered by the user on the Sample form of the Water-Quality Results form. 

Sampling Method 

Description: Method of water sample collection, commonly the type of pump used. 

Data Type: List, 1-character code 

A Air lift 

B Bailer 

D Dip 

E Existing Pump 

G Grundfos Pump 

H Geopump 

P Peristaltic Pump 

N No information 

O Other 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: sample_method_cd in the qw_sample table. Allowable values coded in form. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Selected by the user from a list box on the Sample form of the Water-Quality Results 

form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Entered by the user on the Sample form of the Water-Quality Results form. 

Well Depth 

Description: The depth of the sampled well in meters, as measured at the time the sample was taken.

Data Type: Floating point number

Example: Well Depth: 123

ENGDA Database Table/Field: well_depth_va parameter; results stored in the qw_results table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Entered by the user on the Sample form of the Water-Quality Results form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Entered by the user on the Sample form of the Water-Quality Results form. 

Water Level 

Description: The depth to water in meters below the land surface, as measured at the time the sample was taken. 

Data Type: Floating point number 

 - 95 - 
Example: Water Level: 43

ENGDA Database Table/Field: water_depth_va parameter; results stored in the qw_results table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Entered by the user on the Sample form of the Water-Quality Results form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Entered by the user on the Sample form of the Water-Quality Results form. 

Purging Information 

These fields area used for determining how much water was removed from the well prior to collecting the sample. 

Some sampling protocols require that 3 casing volumes be removed prior to collecting the sample from the well. 

For a production well, this may not be required if the well is in use. Other protocols require that a well be pumped 

through a flow-through container until field parameters become stable (no longer change). 

Well Status 

Description: The status of pumping at the well prior to the time the sample was taken. 

Data Type: List, 1-digit code 

0 UNKNOWN (Condition unknown) 

1 STATIC (Static water level) 

2 PUMPING (The site was being pumped) 

3 RECENTLY PUMPED (The site had been pumped recently) 

4 NEARBY SITE PUMPING (A nearby site that taps the same aquifer was being pumped) 

5 DRY (The site was dry-no water level is recorded) 

6 OBSTRUCTED (An obstruction was encountered-no water level is recorded). 

7 OTHER (Other conditions that would affect the measured water level) 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: pump_status_cd in the qw_sample table. Allowable values coded stored in 

geo_gw_level_status_cd_lut. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Selected by the user from a list box on the Sample form of the Water-Quality Results 

form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Entered by the user on the Sample form of the Water-Quality Results form. 

Pumping Rate 

Description: The pumping rate, in liters per second, as measured at the time the sample was taken from a well, or

the discharge rate of a flowing spring at the time the sample was collected. 

Data Type: Floating point number

Example: Pump Rate: 1.0

ENGDA Database Table/Field: flow_rate_va parameter; results stored in the qw_results table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Entered by the user on the Sample form of the Water-Quality Results form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Entered by the user on the Sample form of the Water-Quality Results form. 

 - 96 - 
Pump Time 

Description: The pumping time, in seconds. This value is used to calculate the total volume of water removed 

from the well prior to sampling the well, commonly referred to as the purged volume. 

Data Type: Floating point number 

Example: Pump Time: 15 

ENGDA Field Form: Entered by the user on the Sample form of the Water-Quality Results form. 

Volume Pumped 

Description: A calculated value for the total purge volume pumped in liters. Take the pumping rate in liters per 

second and multiply by the time in minutes times 60 seconds per minute to calculate the purge volume. 

Data Type: Floating point number 

Example: Volume Pumped : 900 

ENGDA Field Form: Entered by the user on the Sample form of the Water-Quality Results form. 

Height of Water 

Description: This value is the total height of water in the well in meters. If the well depth was measured from the 

measuring point then this is that depth minus the depth to water from the same measuring point. 

Data Type: Floating point number 

Example: Height of Water: 92 

ENGDA Field Form: Entered by the user on the Sample form of the Water-Quality Results form. 

Casing Diameter 

Description: Inner diameter of the well casing, in centimeters. This is measured in the field or written onto the field 

form prior to going into the field in order to be able to calculate the volume of water stored in the casing prior to 

collecting the sample. 

Data Type: List 

Example: Diameter 25.0 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: dia_va in the geo_well_casing table. Allowable values stored in 

geo_casing_diameters table. 

ENGDA Field Form: Entered by the user on the Sample form of the Water-Quality Results form. 

Casing Volume 

 - 97 - 
Description: The casing volume in liters. This is calculated in the field by knowing the height of water in the well 

and the casing inner diameter of the well. The height of the water times the area of the well is equal to the volume of 

water in the well. The area of a circle is π times the radius squared. 

Data Type: Floating point number 

Example: Casing Volume 2.5 

ENGDA Field Form: Entered by the user on the Sample form of the Water-Quality Results form. 

Casing Volumes Purged 

Description: The number of casing volumes that were purged before the sample was taken. This is calculated by

dividing the total volume pumped by the casing volume.

Data Type: Floating point number

Example: Casing Volumes Purged 2.5

ENGDA Database Table/Field: casing_vol_va parameter; result stored in the qw_results table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Entered by the user on the Sample form of the Water-Quality Results form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Entered by the user on the Sample form of the Water-Quality Results form. 

Water Quality Field Measurements 

After purging of the well is completed, samples may be obtained from the well. Record information related to the 

water-quality field parameters obtained for the sample. 

Time 

Description: Record the time that the sample was obtained from the well, in 24 hour-minute format. 

ENGDA Field Form: Entered by the user on the Sample form of the Water-Quality Results form. 

Final Temperature 

Description: Record the temperature of the water sample in degrees Celsius. 

Data Type: Floating point number

Example: Final Temperature 10.5

ENGDA Field Form: Entered by the user on the Sample form of the Water-Quality Results form. 

Final Conductivity 

Description: Record the specific conductance of the sample, in microsiemens per centimeter at 25o

C. 

Data Type: Floating point number 

 - 98 - 
Example: Final Conductivity: 40.5

ENGDA Field Form: Entered by the user on the Sample form of the Water-Quality Results form. 

DO 

Description: Record the dissolved oxygen value, in milligrams per liter, of the sample. 

Data Type: Floating point number

Example: DO 2.5

ENGDA Field Form: Entered by the user on the Sample form of the Water-Quality Results form. 

pH 

Description: Record the pH value of the sample. 

Data Type: Floating point number

Example: pH 6.5

ENGDA Field Form: Entered by the user on the Sample form of the Water-Quality Results form. 

Bicarbonate 

Description: Record the bicarbonate value of the sample, in milligrams per liter, as HCaCO3. 

Data Type: Floating point number

ENGDA Field Form: Entered by the user on the Sample form of the Water-Quality Results form. 

Carbonate 

Description: Record the carbonate value of the sample, in milligrams per liter, as CO3. 

Data Type: Floating point number

ENGDA Field Form: Entered by the user on the Sample form of the Water-Quality Results form. 

Alkalinity 

Description: Record the alkalinity value of the sample, in milligrams per liter, as CaCO3. 

Data Type: Floating point number

ENGDA Field Form: Entered by the user on the Sample form of the Water-Quality Results form. 

 - 99 - 
Other Field Parameters 

Description: For other parameters measured in the field, record the Parameter type, the Value obtained (including 

appropriate units), and the Method used to obtain the measurement. 

ENGDA Field Form: Entered by the user on the Sample form of the Water-Quality Results form. 

Sample Bottle Information 

Bottle Number 

Description: Record a unique number for each sample bottle, including the well name. 

ENGDA Field Form: Entered by the user on the Sample form of the Water-Quality Results form. 

Bottle Type 

Description: List the code for the type of bottle that will contain the sample, using the list provided at the bottom of 

the table. 

FA-Filtered Acidified 

FU-Filtered Untreated 

RU-Unfiltered Untreated 

FC-Filtered Chilled 

RC-Raw Chilled 

RA-Raw Acidified 

ENGDA Field Form: Entered by the user on the Sample form of the Water-Quality Results form. 

Filter Size 

Description: If the sample was filtered, record the size of the openings of the filter. 

ENGDA Field Form: Entered by the user on the Sample form of the Water-Quality Results form. 

Bottle Size 

Description: Record the size of the bottle that contains the sample (for example, 1 liter). 

ENGDA Field Form: Entered by the user on the Sample form of the Water-Quality Results form. 

Acid Type 

Description: If the sample bottle was acidified, record the type of acid used.

ENGDA Field Form: Entered by the user on the Sample form of the Water-Quality Results form. 

- 100 - 
Laboratory 

Description: List the laboratory that will analyze the sample, if known.

ENGDA Field Form: Entered by the user on the Sample form of the Water-Quality Results form. 

QA Type 

Description: If the sample bottle will contain a sample blank or a replicate sample that will be used for quality 

assurance purposes, record the appropriate code from the list provided at the bottom of the table. 

ENGDA Field Form: Entered by the user on the Sample form of the Water-Quality Results form. 

Sample Remarks 

Description: Remarks containing any additional information about the sample. 

Data Type: Text string not to exceed 255 characters 

Example: Sample Number Sample contains black metallic particles which may indicate contamination from casing.

ENGDA Database Table/Field: remark_tx in the qw_remarks table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Entered by the user on the Sample form of the Water-Quality Results form. 

ENGDA Field Form: Entered by the user on the Sample form of the Water-Quality Results form. 

Laboratory Information 

Various types of information about the analysis of the sample may be provided by the analytical laboratories. This 

information is available on laboratory forms and is not derived from field forms. 

Note: At present ENGDA allows for data entry of various types of laboratory information which have not yet been 

formalized by the Database Work Group, and therefore do not yet appear in this database dictionary. 

Filtration 

Description: The level of filtration through which the sample passed in the laboratory, measured in microns. 

Data Type: Text string not to exceed 12 characters 

Example: Filtration 40 micron

ENGDA Database Table/Field: filtration_va in the qw_sample table. 

ENGDA Field Form: none, data from laboratory.

- 101 - 
Acidification 

Description: A description of any acid that was added to the sample in the laboratory. 

Data Type: Text string not to exceed 12 characters 

Example: Acidification 2 ml HNO3

ENGDA Database Table/Field: acidification_va in the qw_sample table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Entered by the user on the Sample form of the Water-Quality Results form. 

ENGDA Field Form: =None, data from laboratory.

Date of Analyses 

Description: The date the laboratory completed the analysis of the sample. 

Data Type: Date field in the format of dd/mm/yyyy 

Example: Date of Analysis 28/11/2002

ENGDA Database Table/Field: analyst_dt in the qw_sample table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Entered by the user on the Sample form of the Water-Quality Results form. 

ENGDA Field Form: none, data from laboratory.

Water-Quality Results 

Analysis results are stored in a single qw_results table using a parameter code and a result value. New parameters 

can be added to the database parameter dictionary as needed. Parameters identified by the Database Work Group to 

be included at a minimum in ENGDA database are listed in the following table. Some water-quality results are 

results measured in the field, and therefore can be entered using the “Form for Record for Water-Quality Sample at 

Well” as a reference. Other water-quality results will be transmitted by various analytical laboratories, and can be 

entered manually using hardcopy lab reports as a reference, or can be entered in a batch mode using results provided 

by laboratories in electronic format. 

Parameter Code 

Description: A code used by the database to identify each parameter.

Data Type: Integer 

Example: Parameter Code 25

ENGDA Database Table/Field: parameter_cd in the qw_result table. Allowable values stored in

qw_parameter_code_lut table. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Hardcoded on various Sample forms on the Water-Quality Results form. 

- 102 - 
ENGDA Field Form: none, data from laboratory. 

Result 

Description: The numeric result measured for a parameter

Data Type: Text field not to exceed 12 characters. 

Example: Result 25.5

ENGDA Database Table/Field: result_tx in the qw_result table.

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Entered on various Sample forms on the Water-Quality Results form. 

ENGDA Field Form: none, data from laboratory.

parameter_cd Parameter Description Units 

10 Water Temperature oC 

58 Flow Rate m3/hr 

94 Field Conductivity μS/cm 

226 Laboratory Conductivity μS/cm 

227 Laboratory pH PH units 

228 Dissolved Oxygen mg/l 

236 Fluoride mg/l 

239 Silica μg/l 

355 Laboratory Temperature oC 

403 PH, WH, Laboratory pH 

452 Carbonate,DIS,IT,F mg/l 

453 Bicarbonate,DIS,IT,F mg/l 

500 Residue Solids mg/l 

501 Residue at 180C mg/l 

615 Nitrogen,Nitrite T. mg/l 

620 Nitrogen Nitrate T. mg/l 

625 NH3 μg/l 

630 NH4 mg/l 

900 Hardness Total mg/l 

901 Carbonate Hardness mg/l 

903 Calcium Hardness mg/l 

910 Calcium Total mg/l 

920 Magnesium mg/l 

937 Potassium Total mg/l 

940 Chloride Dissolved mg/l 

945 Sulfate Dissolved mg/l 

999 Boron mg/l 

1045 Iron μg/l 

- 103 - 
parameter_cd Parameter Description Units 

1055 Manganese μg/l 

1104 Aluminum μg/l 

- 104 - 
SYSTEM DATA FIELDS 

In addition to the borehole data fields described in this manual, several additional fields are stored for datamanagement purposes. 

Fields for Site Identification and Creation 

ID [REQUIRED] 

Description: An integer code stored by the data base as an unchanging key field for each site. Once an ID has been 

assigned to a site, it can never be changed. All other attributes of the site (including the Site Name and the Site 

Locality) can be edited, but the ID cannot be edited. If a site is deleted from the database, the ID is retired with it, 

and cannot be reused. 

The ID for a borehole is displayed in the upper right hand corner of the Borehole Site Information form and Spring 

Site Information form. 

Each copy of the ENGDA database has a COPY number which is an integer assigned by the database administrator. 

The ID for a new site is assigned by the ENDGA software and is formed by multiplying the COPY value by 100,000 

and adding to this the next available sequential integer value not already used. For example, the Ministry of Water 

Resources copy of ENGDA is assigned COPY = 1. Thus the first site added to the database will have an ID of 

100,000 * 1 + 1 = 100001, and the second site added to the database will have an ID of 100002. 

Data Type: Long integer. 

Example: ID: 100028

 ID: 300156 

ENGDA Database Table/Field: site_id occurs in many ENGDA Database Tables. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Assigned by ENDGA; not editable. 

Record Created Date/Time [REQUIRED] 

Description: Date and time on which a database record is first created. 

Data Type: Date field in the format of dd/mm/yyyy hh:mm. 

Example: Record Created Date/Time: 28/11/2002 15:30

ENGDA Database Table/Field: record_cr in many ENGDA Database Tables. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Assigned by ENDGA; not editable. 

- 105 - 
Fields for Tracking Modification of Records 

Record Modified Date/Time [REQUIRED] 

Description: Date and time on which a database record is modified. Always contains the most recent modified date. 

Data Type: Date field in the format of dd/mm/yyyy hh:mm. 

Example: Record Modified Date/Time: 28/11/2002 17:30

ENGDA Database Table/Field: record_md in many ENGDA Database Tables. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Assigned by ENDGA; not editable. 

Record Created User Name [REQUIRED] 

Description: The login user name of the person who created a new record. 

Data Type: Text field, not to exceed 8 characters. 

Example: Record Created User Name: etdba

ENGDA Database Table/Field: record_cn in many ENGDA Database Tables. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Assigned by ENDGA; not editable. 

Record Modified User Name [REQUIRED] 

Description: The login user name of the person who most recently modified an existing record. 

Data Type: Text field, not to exceed 8 characters. 

Example: Record Created User Name: etdba

ENGDA Database Table/Field: record_mn in many ENGDA Database Tables. 

ENGDA Screen Data Entry: Assigned by ENDGA; not editable. 

- 106 - 
REFERENCES 

Babcock, Colleen, Luckey, R.R., Morgan, C.O., Stephens, D.M., Lenfest, L.W., and Atwood, J.W., 2004, National 

Water Information System Sitefile and Ground-Water Site Inventory Coding Instructions: U.S. Geological 

Survey Online Manual for the National Water Information System. 

http://wwwnwis.er.usgs.gov/nwisdocs4_6/gw/GW.user.book.html 

Halford, K.J. and Kuniansky, E.L., 2002, Spreadsheets for the Analysis of Aquifer-Test and Slug-Test Data: U.S. 

Geological Survey Open-File Report 02-197, http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/ofr02197/ 

Hodgson, Fdi, Kirchner, Jog, Lukas, E., and Fourie, G., 1993, Enhancement of the National Ground-Water Database 

Facilities, Extended Executive Summary: Report to the Water Resource Commission by the Institute for 

Ground-Water Studies University of the Orange Free State, TT59/93, WRC Report No. 225/1/93, Pretoria, 

South Africa. 

Litke, D.W., 2007, User reference manual for the Ethiopian National Ground-Water DAtabase (ENGDA): U.S. 

Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1102, 121p. 

U.S. Dept. of the Interior Geological Survey Water Resources Division, 1999, Ground-Water Site Schedule, General 

Site Data: Form No. 9-1904-A, Revised March 1999, 8p. 

U.S. Dept. of the Interior Geological Survey Water Resources Division, 2001, Ground-Water Site Schedule, General 

Spring Data: Form No. 9-1904-A, Revised February 2001, 4p. 

U.S. Geological Survey, 2003, Environmental Information System (ENVIS): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet, 2p. 

Ethiopian Ministry of Water Resources, 2001, Ground-Water Database 

Geological Survey of Ethiopia, 2001, Lithologic Database 

- 107 - 
ATTACHMENT 1. Conversion Factors 

Abbreviation From Multiply by To Abbreviation 

Length 

Inch or inches Inches 2.54 centimeters cm 

ft feet 30.48 centimeters cm 

ft feet 0.3048 meters m 

yd yards 0.9843 meters m 

mi miles 1.609 kilometers km 

Area 

in2 

ft2 

yd2 

mi2 

ac 

square inches 

square feet 

square yards 

square miles 

acres 

6.5 

0.0929 

0.8 

2.59 

4,047 

square centimeters 

square meters 

square meters 

square kilometers 

square meters 

cm2 

m2 

m2 

km2 

m2 

ac acres 0.4 hectares ha 

Volume 

pt pints(liquid) 0.4732 liters L 

qt quarts 0.9463 liters L 

gal 

gal/min 

ft3 

gallons 

gallons per minute 

cubic feet 

3.785 

6.309 x 10-5 

0.0283 

liters 

cubic meters per second 

cubic meters 

L 

m3

/s 

m3 

yd3 

ac-ft 

ac-ft 

cubic yards 

acre-foot 

acre-foot 

0.7646 

1,233 

0.001233 

cubic meters 

cubic meter 

cubic hectometer 

m3 

m3 

ha3 

Flow Rate 

cfs or ft

3

/s 

cfs or ft

3

/s 

Mgal/d 

Mgal/d 

ac-ft/yr 

cubic feet per second 

cubic feet per second 

million gallons per day 

million gallons per day 

acre-foot per year 

0.0283 

0.6463 

0.0438 

1.547 

1,233 

cubic meters per second 

million gallons per day 

cubic meters per second 

cubic feet per second 

cubic meter per year 

m3/s 

Mgal/d 

m3

/s 

cfs or ft3

/s 

m3

/yr 

ft/d foot per day 0 meter per day m/d 

in/yr inch per year 25.4 millimeter per year mm/yr 

Temperature 

°F 

ppm 

μS/cm 

degrees Fahrenheit 

parts per million 

Microseimens per 

centimeter at 25 °C 

5/9 (°F)-32 

Concentration 

1 

Specific 

Conductance 

0.55 to 0.75a 

degrees Celsius 

milligrams per liter 

milligrams per liter 

°C 

mg/L 

mg/L 

a

 Range in multiplier is typical for natural waters (Hem, 1985) 

- 108 - 
ATTACHMENT 2. Selected Field Forms Designed for the ENGDA Database 

Form for Record of Well Inventory 

Form for Record of Spring Inventory 

Water-Level Measurement Form 

Form for Record of Borehole Lithology 

Form for Record of Well Drilling 

Form for Record of Well Construction 

Form for Record of Pumps Installed in a Well 

Form for Record of Water Use at a Well or Spring 

Form for Record of Water Quality Sample at a Well 

Form for Record of Discharge Measurement at a Well or Spring 

Form for Record of Aquifer Test 

Form for Record of Slug Test 

- 109 - 
___________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

Form For Record of Well Inventory (2 pages) 

Ethiopian National Ground-water DAtabase (ENGDA) 

WELL SITE INFORMATION 

Site Name_________________________________ Locality (Village and District) ________________________________

Alternate Site Name___________________________________________________________

Latitude_______________________ Longitude ____________________ Lat/Long Datum: (Adindan WGS84 ) 

Lat/Long Method (Approximate Calculated DGPS GPS 1:50,000 Map 1:250,000 Map Survey Unknown) 

UTM Easting________________ m UTM Northing __________________ m UTM Zone (36 37 38) 

UTM Method (Approximate Calculated DGPS GPS 1:50,000 Map 1:250,000 Map Survey Unknown) 

UTM Datum (Adindan WGS84 ) Land Altitude (m) ___________ Altitude Accuracy (m)________

Altitude Method (Altimeter DGPS GPS Map Survey Calculation Unknown ) 

Major River Basin: 

(Abay Awash Baro-Akobo Denakil Depression Genale-Dawa Merebe Ogaden Omo-Gibe Tekeze Rift_Valley Wabi Shebele) 

Location map (sheet number) _______________________________Map Scale ( 1:50,000 1:250,000 ) 

Borehole Type: (Test Hole Test Well Production Well Hand-Dug Well Observation Well ) 

Hole Depth (m) _________ Hole Diameter (cm) _________ Year Constructed _________

Well Water Use: (Irrigation Domestic Public Supply Stock Watering Geothermal Mixed Use Industrial Mining Unused Other ) 

Well Status: (In Use Unused-cased Unused-open hole Abandoned Filled ) 

Pump Type: (None Bucket Centrifugal Jet Piston Rotary Submersible Turbine Unknown) 

Project that installed well and/or inventoried site ___________________________________________________________

Geologist Selecting Well Site: ________________________________________

Site Selection Method: (Geological Geophysical Photograph Field Survey Inventory Unknown ) 

Topographic Setting (Alluvial Fan Playa Stream Channel Depression Dunes Flat Flood Plain Hill Top Sinkhole Lake or

Swamp Pediment Hillside Terrace Undulating Valley Flat Upland Draw) 

Principal Aquifer Lithology: (Unconsolidated Consolidated porous sedimentary Limestone/Karstic Fractured Volcanics 

Fractured igneous/metamorphic Other Unknown )

Aquifer Type: (Unconfined Single Unconfined Multiple Confined Single Confined Multiple Mixed Unknown ) 

Aquifer Name: _______________________________________________________________

Owner Name_____________________________________ Owner Permission ( Yes No) Given by:_________________

Owner Address______________________________________________________________________________________

Site Location Description______________________________________________________________________________

Inventoried By ______________________________________________ Inventory Date ___________________________ 

WATER LEVEL INFORMATION 

Measuring Point (MP) Description: ______________________________________________________________________

Measurement 

Date/Time Held Cut 

Depth 

to 

Water 

MP 

Height 

Depth to 

Water 

Below 

Land 

Surface 

Measurement 

Method 

Equipment 

ID 

Well 

Status 

Person 

Measuring 

Well 

MP Height: Distance of MP above/below land surface (negative if below land surface)

Measurement Method: Unknown (0); Steel Tape (1); Electric Tape (2); Pressure Gage (3); Timing the sound from dropping a stone (4); Reported (5); 

Estimated from the length of a string (6); Use of a sounder on the end of a string (7); Transducer (8); Recorder (9); Other (10)

Well Status: Unknown (0); Static (1); Pumping (2); Pumped Recently (3); Nearby Well Pumping (4); Dry (5); Obstructed (6); Other (7) 

(NOTE: FORM CONTINUED ON BACK OF PAGE) 

Revision December, 2006 - 1 -
________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

Form For Record of Well Inventory (2 pages) 

Ethiopian National Ground-water DAtabase (ENGDA) 

REMARKS_____________________________________________________________________________________________ 

DIAGRAM OF WELL AND MEASURING POINT 

PLAN VIEW MAP SKETCH OF WELL SITE

Instructions: Fill in information to the right of the data field name by printing neatly in underlined area. Circle correct 

choice in parenthesis to the right of the data field name. If possible, use the space above to sketch a local map to the well 

location and take a photograph of the well. 

Revision December, 2006 - 2 -
_________________________________________________________________________________________ 

_____________________________________________________________________________________ 

FORM FOR RECORD OF SPRING INVENTORY (2 pages) 

Ethiopian National Ground-water DAtabase (ENGDA) 

SPRING SITE INFORMATION 

Site Name ________________________________Locality (Village and District)____________________________ 

Alternate Site Name_________________________________________________________________________ 

Latitude_____________________ Longitude __________________________Lat/Long Datum: (Adindan WGS84) 

Lat/Long Method (Approximate Calculated DGPS GPS 1:50,000 Map 1:250,000 Map Survey Unknown ) 

UTM Easting_____________ m UTM Northing ________________ m UTM Zone (36 37 38) 

UTM Method (Approximate Calculated DGPS GPS 1:50,000 Map 1:250,000 Map Survey Unknown ) 

UTM Datum (Adindan WGS84 ) 

Location map (sheet number)_____________________________Map Scale (1:50,000 1:250,000 ) 

Pool Altitude (m) ____________ Altitude Method (Altimeter DGPS GPS Map Survey Calculation Unknown ) 

Altitude Accuracy (m) __________

Major River Basin: 

(Abay Awash Baro-Akobo Denakil Depression Genale-Dawa Merebe Ogaden Omo-Gibe Tekeze Rift Valley Wabi Shebele ) 

Spring Type (Artesian Perched contact Contact Depression Perched depression Fissures Geyser Perched tubular

Artesian depression Artesian seepage Fracture depression Multiple springs Perched Perched fracture Perched seepage 

Seepage filtration Tubular cave Other ) 

Spring Development (Boxed basin Concrete basin Gallery Spring house Lined None Pond Pipe Trough Other) 

Spring Development Possibility ( Yes No ) Year Developed ____________ 

Spring Water Use (Irrigation Domestic Water Supply Stock Watering Geothermal Mixed Use Mining Other) 

Spring Status ( In Use Unused Abandoned ) 

Project that inventoried spring _________________________________________________ 

Topographic Setting (Alluvial Fan Playa Stream Channel Depression Dunes Flat Flood Plain Hill Top Sinkhole 

Lake or Swamp Piedmont Hillside Terrace Undulating Valley Flat Upland Draw) 

Spring Rock Type (Unconsolidated Consolidated porous sedimentary Limestone/Karstic Fractured Volcanics 

Fractured igneous/metamorphic Other Unknown ) 

Spring Permanence (Ebb and flow Geyser Intermittent Perennial Precipitation Seasonal Other) 

Spring Protection Condition (Fenced Locked fencing None) 

Spring Sanitary Condition (Good Fair Bad) 

Owner Name_____________________________ Owner Permission ( Yes No) Given by:_________________

Owner Address_____________________________________________________________________________

Site Location Description_____________________________________________________________________

Inventoried By______________________________________ Inventory Date __________________________ 

SPRING DISCHARGE INFORMATION 

Date/Time of discharge measurement (dd/mm/yyyy hh:mm) _________________________

Discharge _________________ L/s 

Discharge Measurement Method (Current meter Estimated Flume Totaling meter Orifice wier Reported Venturi meter 

Volumetric measurement Wier Other) 

Measured By _____________________________

REMARKS__________________________________________________________________________ 

Instructions: Fill in information to the right of the data field name by printing neatly in underlined area. Circle 

correct choice in parenthesis to the right of the data field name. If possible, use the back of this form to sketch a 

local map to the spring location and take a photograph of the spring. 

 December 2006 - 1 - - Complete as much information as possible. 
FORM FOR RECORD OF SPRING INVENTORY (2 pages) 

Ethiopian National Ground-water DAtabase (ENGDA) 

PLAN VIEW MAP SKETCH OF SPRING LOCATION 

 December 2006 - 2 - - Complete as much information as possible. 
WATER-LEVEL MEASUREMENT FIELD FORM (page 1 shown) 

Ethiopian National Ground-water DAtabase (ENGDA)

SITE NAME: 

__________________________________ LOCALITY (Village and District): _________________________________

Latitude (ddmmss)_______________________ Longitude (ddmmss)_____________________ Lat/Long Datum ( Adindan WGS8Lat/Long Method ( Approximate Calculated Differential GPS GPS 1:50,000 Map 1:250,000 Map Survey UnknowUTM Easting_____________ m UTM Northing ________________ m UTM Zone (36 37 38) UTM Method (Approximate Calculated Differential GPS GPS 1:50,000 map 1:250,000 map Survey Unknown) UTM Da

Location map (sheet number) _____________________________ Map Scale ( 1:50,000 1:250,000 )Land Surface Altitude: _____________ meters Altitude Method (Altimeter DGPS GPS Map Survey Calculation Un

Measurement 

Date/Time 

(dd/mm/yyyy 

hh:mm) 

Held Cut 

Depth 

to 

Water 

MP 

Height 

(m) 

Depth to 

Water 

Below 

Land 

Surface 

Measurement 

Method 

Equipment 

ID 

Well Status 

Measureing P

Descrip

RECORD ADDITIONAL MEASUREMENTS ON BACK OF FORM (not shown) 

Measurement Method: Unknown (0); Steel Tape (1); Electric Tape (2); Pressure Gage (3); Timing the sound from dropping a stone 

Estimated from the length of a string (6); Use of a sounder on the end of a string (7); Transducer (8); Recorder (9); Other (10) Well Status: Unknown (0); Static (1); Pumping (2); Pumped Recently (3); Nearby Well Pumping (4); Dry (5); Obstructed (6); Oth

COMMENTS: _______________________________________________________________________________________________

 December 2006 - 1 - - Complete as much information as possible. 
FORM FOR RECORD OF BOREHOLE LITHOLOGY (2 pages) 

Ethiopian National Ground-water DAtabase (ENGDA) 

Site Name_________________________________ Locality (Village and District) ________________________________

Latitude_______________________ Longitude ____________________ Lat/Long Datum: (Adindan WGS84) 

UTM Easting________________ m UTM Northing __________________ m UTM Zone ( 36 37 38 ) 

UTM Datum (Adindan WGS84) Land Altitude (m) ___________ Altitude Accuracy (m)________

Coordinate Method ( Approximate Calculated DGPS GPS 1:50,000 Map 1:250,000 Map Survey Unknown ) 

Location map (sheet number)_____________________________Map Scale ( 1:50,000 1:250,000 ) 

Comments________________________________________________________________

LITHOLOGIC DESCRIPTION INFORMATION 

Top of 

interval 

(m) 

Bottom of 

interval (m) Lithology Primary colors 

Secondary 

colors Texture 

Primary 

and 

secondary 

features 

Sorting Roundness Geologist 

USE ADDITIONAL PAGES AS NECESSARY 

Primary Colors: No information (0) Blue (B) Green (G) Grey (H) Purple (M) Brown (N) Orange (O) Pink (P) Red (R) Black (S) White 

(W) Yellow (Y) 

Secondary Colors: No information (0) Blue (B) Brown (C) Dark (D) Green (G) Grey (H) Light (L) Purple (M) Orange (O) Pink (P) Red 

(R) Olive (V) Yellow (Y) 

Texture: Crypto (0) Micro (1) Very fine (11) Very fine to fine (12) Very fine to medium (13) Very fine to coarse (14) Very fine to very coarse 

(15) Fine and very fine (21) Fine (22) Fine to medium (23) Fine to coarse (24) Fine to very coarse (25) Medium to very fine (31) Medium and 

fine (32) Medium (33) Medium to coarse (34) Medium to very coarse (35) Coarse and very fine (41) Coarse and fine (42) Coarse and medium

(43) Coarse (44) Coarse to very coarse (45) Very coarse and very fine (51) Very coarse and fine (52) Very coarse and medium (53) Very coarse 

and coarse (54) Very coarse (55) No information (99)

Primary and Secondary Features: Argillaceous (AG) Arenaceous (AR) Banded (BD) Bedded (BE) Baked (BK) Broken (BR) Bright (BT)

Calcareous (CA) Carbonaceous (CB) Cemented (CE) Chloritic (CL) Cross-bedded (CR) Consolidated (CS) Clayey (CY) Dark (DK) Dull 

(DL) Fractured (FC) Ferruginous (FE) Fresh (FR) Feldspathic (FS) Glauconitic (GL) Gritty (GR) Gravel-bearing (GV) Hard (HD) Heavy 

minerals (HM) Interlaminated (IL) Jointed (JT) Laminated (LM) Loose (LS) Light (LT) Lustrous (LU) Micaceous (MC) Mineralised (MN) 

Massive (MS) Oolitic (OO) Pebbly (PB) Phosphoritic (PO) Primary (PR) Peaty (PT) Siliceous (SC) Solid (SD) Soft (SF) Shelly (SH) 

Silicified (SI) Silty (SL) Sandy (SN) Secondary (SR) Unconsolidated (UC) Weathered (WT) 

- 1 - Complete as much information as possible. December, 2006 
FORM FOR RECORD OF BOREHOLE LITHOLOGY (2 pages) 

Ethiopian National Ground-water DAtabase (ENGDA) 

Sorting: Unsorted (11) Poorly sorted (22) Poorly to moderately sorted (23) Moderately to poorly sorted (32) Moderately sorted (33) Moderately

to well sorted (34) Well to moderately sorted (43) Well sorted (44) No information (0)

Roundness: No information (0) Angular (11) Angular to subangular (12) Angular to subrounded (13) Angular to rounded (14) Subangular (22)

Subangular to subrounded (23) Subangular to rounded (24) Subrounded (33) Subrounded to rounded (34) Rounded (44)

Lithology: 

Andesite (ADST) 

Agglomerate (AGLM)

Alluvium (ALVM) 

Anhydrite (ANDR)

Anorthosite (ANRS) 

Aeolian deposits (AOLN) 

Amphibolite (APBL) 

Arkose (ARKS)

Banded Ironstone (BDIS) 

Boulder clay (BLCL) 

Boulders (BLDR) 

Boulders, silt and clay (BLSC)

Boulders and clay (BLSD)

Bentonite (BNTN) 

Bronzitite (BNZT) 

Breccia (BRCC) 

Basalt (BSLT) 

Carbonatite (CBNT) 

Calc tufa (CCTF) 

Chalk (CHLK) 

Chert (CHRT) 

Clay (CLAY) 

Calcrete (CLCR) 

Calcite (CLCT) 

Conglomerate (CLGM) 

Clay and sand (CLSD) 

Claystone (CLSN) 

Colluvium (CLVM) 

Coal (COAL) 

Cobbles (COBB) 

Cobbles, silt and clay (COSC)

Cobbles and sand (COSD)

Diabase (DIBS) 

Dolomite (DLMT) 

Dolerite (DLRT) 

Diamicitite (DMCT) 

Dune sand (DNSD) 

Diorite (DORT)

Eclogite (ECGT) 

Eluvium (ELVM)

Evaporite (EVPR) 

Ferricrete (FCRT) 

Flagstone (FGSN) 

Felsite (FLST) 

Fault (FULT) 

Gabbro (GBBR) 

Gabbro-norite (GBNR)

Granitoid-gneiss (GDGS) 

Glacial (GLCL)

Granophyre (GNPR) 

Gneiss (GNSS)

Greenstone (GNST)

Gypsum (GPSM) 

Greywacke (GRCK) 

Gravel and clay (GRCL) 

Granodiorite (GRDR) 

Gravel, sand and clay (GRDS) 

Granite-gneiss (GRGN) 

Grit (GRIT) 

Granite (GRNT) 

Gravel, silt and clay (GRSC)

Gravel (GRVL)

Hornfels (HNFL) 

Hard pan (HRDP) 

Harzburgite (HZPG)

Ignimbrite (IGBR) 

Jaspillite (JPLT) 

Jasper (JSPR) 

Kimberlite (KBLT) 

Kaolinite (KLNT) 

Lava (LAVA)

Lignite (LGNT) 

Limestone and dolomite (LMDM) 

Limestone (LMSN) 

Loam (LOAM) 

Loess (LOSS)

Laterite (LTRT) 

Marl (MARL)

Mica schist (MCSC) 

Mudstone (MDSN) 

Magnetite gabbro (MGGB) 

Mylonite (MLNT) 

Marble (MRBL) 

Marlstone (MRLS) 

Mud (MUD) 

No sample (N.S.) 

Norite (NORT)

Nepheline (NPHL) 

Norite-anorthosite (NRAR) 

Overburden (OBDN)

Outwash (OTSH) 

Olivine diorite (OVDR) 

Pseudogranophyre (PDGP)

Peat (PEAT)

Pegmatite (PGMT) 

Phyllite (PLLT) 

Phonolite (PNLT) 

Porphyry (PPHY)

Quartzite (QRTZ) 

Quartz porphyry (QZPR) 

Quartz schist (QZSC) 

Rubble (RBBL) 

Residual (RSDM)

Rhyolite (RYLT) 

Sand (SAND) 

Scree (SCRE) 

Schist (SCST)

Sand and clay (SDCL)

Sand and gravel (SDGL)

Sandstone and shale (SDSL) 

Sand and silt (SDST) 

Sand, gravel and clay (SGVC) 

Shale (SHLE) 

Shale and siltstone (SHSL) 

Silt (SILT) 

Silcrete (SLCT) 

Siltstone and shale (SLSH) 

Siltstone (SLSN) 

Slate (SLTE) 

Sandstone (SNDS)

Syenite-gneiss (SNGS) 

Soil (SOIL) 

Serpentine talc (SPTC) 

Serpentine (SRPN) 

Silt and clay (STCL) 

Syenite (SYNT) 

Talc (TALC) 

Till (TILL) 

Tillite (TLLT) 

Talus (TLUS) 

Trachyte (TRCT) 

Tuff (TUFF)

Vein-quart (VNQZ)

- 2 - Complete as much information as possible. December, 2006 
Form for Record of Well Drilling (2 pages) 

Ethiopian National Ground-Water DAtabase (ENGDA) 

SITE NAME:

________________________________________________ LOCALITY (Village and district):_______________________

Latitude

____________ Longitude ___________ Lat/Long Datum: ( Adindan WGS84 ) Location map (sheet number)___________________ 

UTM Easting_____________ m UTM Northing ________________ m UTM Zone (36 37 38) UTM Datum: (Adindan WGS84) 

Coordinate Method (Approximate Calculated DGPS GPS 1:50,000 Map 1:250,000 Map Survey Unknown ) 


Location map (sheet number)_____________________________ Map Scale ( 1:50,000 1:250,000 ) 

CONSTRUCTION EVENT INFORMATION Drilling Contractor ____________________Driller Name______________________ Start Date (dd/mm/yyyy) _____________Finish Date Construction Supervisor______________________ Construction Event Number 1 2 3 Construction Comments_______________

FINAL HOLE DIMENSIONS WATER STRUCK 

Interval 

Top (m) 

Interval Bottom 

(m) Diameter (mm) Interval Top (m) Interval Bottom (m) Water Yield (L/s) 

DETAILED DRILLING INFORMATION Total Drilling Fluid Quantity_____________ (L m3) Temporary casing used ( Yes No ) Temporary Casing Type and Size____

Start Date 

(dd/mm/yyyy) 

End Date (dd/mm/yyyy) 

Interval Top (m) 

Interval Bottom (m) 

Diameter (mm) 

General Rock Type 

Driller Name 

Drilling Method 

Rig No. 

Drill Bit No. 

Ham -mer No. 

TABLE CONTINUED ON BACK OF FORM 

Drilling Method: Auger (A) Cable Tool (C) Driven (D) Geoprobe (G) Hand Dug (H) Mud Rotary (M) Other (O) Air Rotary (R) Hammer Tool (T) Unknown (U

General Rock Type: Unconsolidated (1) Sedimentary (2) Hard Rock (3) Drilling Fluid Type : Foam (F) Bentonite (B) Water (W) Air (A) 

- 1 - Complete as much information as possible. December, 2006 
_______________________________________________________________________________________________ 

_______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 

Form for Record of Well Drilling (2 pages) 

Ethiopian National Ground-Water DAtabase (ENGDA) 

DETAILED DRILLING INFORMATION (CONTINUED) 

Start Date 

(dd/mm/yyyy) 

End Date 

(dd/mm/yyyy) 

Interval 

Top 

(m) 

Interval 

Bottom 

(m) 

Diameter 

(mm) 

General 

Rock 

Type 

Driller 

Name 

Drilling Method 

Rig 

No. 

Drill 

Bit 

No. 

Ham 

-mer 

No. 

Drilling Method: Auger (A) Cable Tool (C) Driven (D) Geoprobe (G) Hand Dug (H) Mud Rotary (M) Other (O) Air Rotary (R) Hammer Tool (T) Unknown (U) 

General Rock Type: Unconsolidated (1) Sedimentary (2) Hard Rock (3) Drilling Fluid Type : Foam (F) Bentonite (B) Water (W) Air (A

ADDITIONAL COMMENTS:

_____________________________________________________________________ 

- 2 - Complete as much information as possible. December, 2006 
FORM FOR RECORD OF WELL CONSTRUCTION (2 pages) 

Ethiopian National Ground-Water DAtabase (ENGDA) 

Site Name_________________________________ Locality (Village and District) ________________________________

Latitude_______________________ Longitude ____________________ Lat/Long Datum: Adindan WGS84) 

UTM Easting________________ m UTM Northing __________________ m UTM Zone ( 36 37 38 ) 

UTM Datum (Adindan WGS84 ) Land Altitude (m) ___________ Altitude Accuracy (m)________

Coordinate Method ( Approximate Calculated DGPS GPS 1:50,000 Map 1:250,000 Map Survey Unknown ) 

Location map (sheet number)_____________________________Map Scale ( 1:50,000 1:250,000 ) 

CONSTRUCTION EVENT INFORMATION 

Construction Start Date (dd/mm/yyyy) _____________ Construction Finish Date (dd/mm/yyyy) _____________

Construction Supervisor________________________ Construction Event Number 1 2 3

Construction Comments________________________________________________________________

CASING INFORMATION 

Casing Start Date (dd/mm/yyyy) ____________ Casing Finish Date (dd/mm/yyyy) _____________

Casing Contractor _____________________ Casing Supervisor ___________________ Casing Rig Number _________

Interval 

Top (m) 

Interval 

Bottom 

(m) 

Casing 

Material 

Diameter 

(mm) 

Thickness 

(mm) 

Casing/ 

Screen Type 

Opening 

Length (mm) 

Opening Width 

(mm) 

Casing Material: ABS (A) Brass/Bronze (B) Concrete (C) PFTE (E) Galvanized Iron (G) 

Threaded (K) Other Metal (M) PVC Glued (N) Plastic (P) FEP (Q) Stainless Steel (R) 

(U) Steel Carbon (X) Steel Galvanized (Y) Other (Z) 

Casing/Screen Type: Drilling pipes (D) Perforated Holes (H) Mesh Screen (M) Solid (P) 

Vertical Perforated slots (V) Wire-wound screen (W) Horizontal perforated slots (Y) 

Wrought Iron (I) PVC 

API Steel (S) Unknown 

Slotted (S) Open (U) 

PACKING INFORMATION 

Packing Start Date (dd/mm/yyyy) ____________ Packing Finish Date (dd/mm/yyyy) _____________ 

Packing Contractor _____________________ Packing Supervisor___________________ Packing Rig Number _________

Interval 

Top (m) 

Interval 

Bottom 

(m) 

Packing 

Material 

Filling 

Material 

Grain Size 

(mm) 

Quantity 

(m3

) Comment 

Packing Material: Sand (S) Gravel (G) Other (O) Filling Material: Clay (CL) Bentonite (B) Cement (CE) 

Other (O) 

- 1 - Complete as much information as possible. December, 2005 
______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

FORM FOR RECORD OF WELL CONSTRUCTION (2 pages) 

Ethiopian National Ground-Water DAtabase (ENGDA) 

WELL DEVELOPMENT INFORMATION 

Development Start Date (dd/mm/yyyy) _________________ Finish Date (dd/mm/yyyy)____________________

Developer Contractor______________________________ Developer Rig Number_______________

Developer Name_________________________________________

Duration of development_______ hours 

Development Method: Air Lift (A) Bailing (B) Mechanical Surging (M) Direct Injection (D) Backwashing (W) Pumping and backwashing (P) 

Jetting with air (J) Jetting with water (K) Flushing (F) Chemicals (C) 

Pump Description ________________________Pump Capacity ____________________ Pump Position_________________ 

Additional Equipment____________________________________________________________________________________ 

Time 

(minutes) 

Temperature 

(

o

C) 

Conductivity 

(μs/cm) pH Turbidity 

(NTU) 

Pumping 

Rate 

(L/sec) 

Comment 

COMMENTS__________________________________________________________________________________________ 

Diagram of well location: 

- 2 - Complete as much information as possible. December, 2005 
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

FORM FOR RECORD OF PUMPS INSTALLED IN A WELL (1page) 

Ethiopian National Ground-Water DAtabase (ENGDA) 

Site Name_________________________________ Locality (Village and District) ________________________________

Latitude_______________________ Longitude ____________________ Lat/Long Datum: (Adindan WGS84) 

UTM Easting________________ m UTM Northing __________________ m UTM Zone ( 36 37 38 ) 

UTM Datum (Adindan WGS84 ) Land Altitude (m) ___________ Altitude Accuracy (m)________

Coordinate Method ( Approximate Calculated DGPS GPS 1:50,000 Map 1:250,000 Map Survey Unknown ) 

Location map (sheet number)_____________________________Map Scale ( 1:50,000 1:250,000 ) 

COMMENTS__________________________________________________________________________________________

PUMP NUMBER 1 

Pump Installation Contractor________________________ Pump Installation Supervisor____________________________

Pump Install Date (dd/mm/yyyy) _____________ Pump Removal Date (dd/mm/yyyy) _____________ 

Pump Type (Bucket Centrifugal Jet Piston Rotary Submersible Turbine Unknown Other) Intake Depth (m) __________

Power Type ( Electric Manual Gas Animal Petroleum) Pump Rating _____________ Pump Capacity (L/s) _____________

Pump Horsepower __________ Pump Manufacturer ___________________________ Pump Serial Number ___________

PUMP NUMBER 2 

Pump Installation Contractor________________________ Pump Installation Supervisor____________________________

Pump Install Date (dd/mm/yyyy) _____________ Pump Removal Date (dd/mm/yyyy) _____________ 

Pump Type (Bucket Centrifugal Jet Piston Rotary Submersible Turbine Unknown Other) Intake Depth (m) __________ 

Power Type ( Electric Manual Gas Animal Petroleum) Pump Rating _____________ Pump Capacity (L/s) _____________

Pump Horsepower __________ Pump Manufacturer ___________________________ Pump Serial Number ___________

PUMP NUMBER 3 

Pump Installation Contractor________________________ Pump Installation Supervisor____________________________

Pump Install Date (dd/mm/yyyy) _____________ Pump Removal Date (dd/mm/yyyy) _____________ 

Pump Type (Bucket Centrifugal Jet Piston Rotary Submersible Turbine Unknown Other) Intake Depth (m) __________ 

Power Type ( Electric Manual Gas Animal Petroleum) Pump Rating _____________ Pump Capacity (L/s) _____________

Pump Horsepower __________ Pump Manufacturer ___________________________ Pump Serial Number ___________

PUMP NUMBER 4 

Pump Installation Contractor________________________ Pump Installation Supervisor____________________________

Pump Install Date (dd/mm/yyyy) _____________ Pump Removal Date (dd/mm/yyyy) _____________ 

Pump Type (Bucket Centrifugal Jet Piston Rotary Submersible Turbine Unknown Other) Intake Depth (m) __________ 

Power Type ( Electric Manual Gas Animal Petroleum) Pump Rating _____________ Pump Capacity (L/s) _____________

Pump Horsepower __________ Pump Manufacturer ___________________________ Pump Serial Number ___________

PUMP NUMBER 5 

Pump Installation Contractor________________________ Pump Installation Supervisor____________________________

Pump Install Date (dd/mm/yyyy) _____________ Pump Removal Date (dd/mm/yyyy) _____________ 

Pump Type (Bucket Centrifugal Jet Piston Rotary Submersible Turbine Unknown Other) Intake Depth (m) __________ 

Power Type ( Electric Manual Gas Animal Petroleum) Pump Rating _____________ Pump Capacity (L/s) _____________

Pump Horsepower __________ Pump Manufacturer ___________________________ Pump Serial Number __________

- 1 - Complete as much information as possible. December, 2005 
WATER-USE FORM FOR A WELL OR SPRING (1 page) 

Ethiopian National Ground-water DAtabase (ENGDA) 

SITE NAME:

________________________________________________ LOCALITY (Village and district):___________________

Latitude

____________ Longitude ___________ Lat/Long Datum: ( Adindan WGS84 ) Location map (sheet number)_________________

UTM Easting_____________ m UTM Northing ________________ m UTM Zone (36 37 38) UTM Datum: (Adindan WGS84 ) 

Coordinate Method (Approximate Calculated DGPS GPS 1:50,000 Map 1:250,000 Map Survey Unknown ) 


Location map (sheet number)_____________________________ Map Scale ( 1:50,000 1:250,000 ) 

Source Of Data: Owner (O) Regional Bureau (R) Private Business (P) Regulatory Agency (R) Other (Z) Method: Estimated (E) Metered (M) 

ENTER THE WATER USE, IN CUBIC METERS, FOR EACH CATEGORY BY YEAR OR YEAR/MONTH 

YEAR/ 

MONTH DOMESTIC IRRIGATION MINING INDUSTRIAL PUBLIC SUPPLY STOCK WATERING GEO- THERMAL MIXED USE 

COMMENTS:

Complete as much information as possible. 
FORM FOR RECORD OF WATER-QUALITY SAMPLE AT WELL (2 pages) 

Ethiopian National Ground-Water DAtabase (ENGDA) 

WELL SITE INFORMATION 

Site Name_________________________________ Locality (Village and District) ________________________________

Latitude_______________________ Longitude ____________________ Lat/Long Datum: (Adindan WGS84) 

UTM Easting________________ m UTM Northing __________________ m UTM Zone ( 36 37 38 ) 

UTM Datum (Adindan WGS84 ) Land Altitude (m) ___________ Altitude Accuracy (m)________

Coordinate Method (Approximate Calculated DGPS GPS 1:50,000 Map 1:250,000 Map Survey Unknown) 

Location map (sheet number)_____________________________Map Scale ( 1:50,000 1:250,000 ) 

SAMPLE INFORMATION 

Sample Date/Time _________________________________ Sample Type ( Well Water Spring Water )

Field Sample Number _____________ Sample Collected by: __________________________________________________

WATER LEVEL and WELL DEPTH 

Measurement Method:_____ Unknown (0); Steel Tape (1); Electric Tape (2); Pressure Gage (3); Timing the sound from 

dropping a stone (4); Reported (5); Estimated from the length of a string (6); Use of a sounder on the end of a string (7); 

Transducer (8); Recorder (9); Other (10) 

Water Level Instrument ID: _____________________________ 

Water Level 

Well Depth 1 2 

Depth to water from measuring point (m) Measuring point to bottom (m) 

Measuring point height above/below land 

surface (m) 

Measuring point height (m) 

Depth to water below land surface (m) Well depth below land surface (m) 

PURGING 

Well Status: (Unknown Static Pumping Pumped Recently Nearby Well Pumping Dry) 

Sampling Method (Pump Type): (Grunfos Geopump Bailer Existing Pump in well Air Lift ) 

Well diameter (cm) ________________ Height of water column (m) _____________ Casing volume (L)___________________

Pump time (seconds) _____________ Pump rate (L/s)_________________ Volume pumped (L) ________________ 

Time required to purge one casing volume (min)__________________

Time Temperature Conductivity Comments 

- 1 - Complete as much information as possible December, 2006 
____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

FORM FOR RECORD OF WATER-QUALITY SAMPLE AT WELL (2 pages) 

Ethiopian National Ground-Water DAtabase (ENGDA) 

WATER QUALITY FIELD MEASUREMENTS 

Time ____________ Final temperature (

o

C) _________ Final conductivity __________ DO (mg/L) ________ 

pH ________________ Bicarbonate ___________ Carbonate ______________ Alkalinity ________________ 

Other field parameters: 

Parameter Value Method 

SAMPLE BOTTLE INFORMATION 

Bottle 

Number 

Bottle 

Type 

Filter 

Size 

Bottle 

 Size Acid Type Laboratory QA Type Comment 

Bottle Type (FA-Filtered Acidified, FU-Filtered Untreated, RU-Unfiltered Untreated, FC-Filtered Chilled, RC-Raw Chilled, RARaw Acidified)

QA Type (B-Blank, R-Replicate)

REMARKS 

- 2 - Complete as much information as possible December, 2006 
DISCHARGE MEASUREMENT FIELD FORM FOR WELLS OR SPRINGS 

Ethiopian National Ground-water DAtabase (ENGDA)

SITE NAME:

________________________________________________ 

LOCALITY (Village and District):_____________________

Latitude

_________________ Longitude _______________ Lat/Long Datum: ( Adindan WGS84 ) Location map (sheet number)___________

UTM Easting_____________ m UTM Northing ________________ m UTM Zone (36 37 38) UTM Datum: (Adindan WGS84 ) 

Coordinate Method (Approximate Calculated DGPS GPS 1:50,000 Map 1:250,000 Map Survey Unknown ) 


Measurement 

Date/Time 

(dd/mm/yyyy hh:mm) 

Yield L/s 

MeasureMent 

Method 

Discharge Type Person Measuring Discharge 

 Measurement Method: Current meter (C) Estimated (E) Flume (F) Totaling meter (M) Orifice wier (O) Reported (R) Venturi meter (U) Volum

 Discharge Type: Flowing (F) Pumped (P) 

FILL IN THIS PART OF THE FORM IF A WATER-LEVEL MEASUREMENT IS MADE AT 

Measurement Date/Time (dd/mm/yyyy hh:mm) 

Held Cut 

Depth to Water 

MP Height 

Depth to Water Below Land Surface 

Measurement Method 

Equipment ID 

Well Status Measuring Poin

Description 

MP Height: Distance of MP above/below land surface (negative if below land surface)

Measurement Method: Unknown (0); Steel Tape (1); Electric Tape (2); Pressure Gage (3); Timing the sound from dropping a stone (4); Reported (5); Estimated 

string (7); Transducer (8); Recorder (9 0; Other (10)Well Status: Unknown (0); Static (1) ; Pumping (2); Pumped Recently (3); Nearby Well Pumping (4); Dry (5); Obstructed (6); Other (7) 

COMMENTS: 

 Complete as much information as possible. December, 2
AQUIFER TEST FIELD FORM (4 pages) 

Ethiopian National Ground-water DAtabase (ENGDA) 

AQUIFER TEST WELL: Site Name: ____________________________________________ Locality (Village and District):______

Latitude

____________ Longitude ___________ Lat/Long Datum: (Adindan WGS84) Location map (sheet number)__________________

UTM Easting_____________ m UTM Northing ________________ m UTM Zone (36 37 38) UTM Datum: (Adindan WGS84 ) 

Coordinate Method (Approximate Calculated DGPS GPS 1:50,000 map 1:250,000 map Survey Unknown ) Location map ________________

Aquifer Test Start Date (dd/mm/yyyy) ________________ Aquifer Test End Date (dd/mm/yyyy)________________ Aquifer Test DuAquifer Test Type (Flowing Artesian Well Multiple Well Constant Rate Multiple Well Step Single Well Constant Rate Single Well Step Drawdown ) 

Agency Conducting Test _________________Contractor______________________ Aquifer Test Comments______________________Pump Type (Air Lift Bailer Centrifugal Pump Electro-submersible Sand Pump Turbine) Pump Suction ______________ Suction Depth ___

Discharge Method (Current Meter Estimated Flume Totaling Meter Orifice Meter Reported Venture Meter Volumetric Measurement Wier Other ) 

Working Water Level __________ m Static Water Level ____________ m Constant Drawdown ______________ mAQUIFER TEST WELL CHARACTERISTICS: Fill out these information in the field, or before going to the field by examining exi

Casing Diameter _______ cm Annulus Diameter ________ cm Screen Length _________ m Depth to Screen Top __________ mDepth to Aquifer Top __________ m Depth to Aquifer Bottom _______ m Confining Layer Thickness ________ m Assumed SAquifer Material (Anhydrite; Basalt; Clay; Clay soils (surface); Claystone; Coarse Sand; Fine Sand; Fine-Grained Sandstone; Fractured Igneous and Metamorph

Medium-Grained Sandstone; Permeable Basalt; Sand and Gravel Mixes; Shale; Silt; Loess; Siltstone; Unfractured Igneous and Metamorphic Rock; Unweathere

Packing Material (Coarse Sand Fine Sand Gravel Medium Sand ) Fill Material ( Backfill Bentonite Cement Open Hole ) 

Persons Collecting Data __________________________________________________________________________________________

PUMPING WELL DATA 

Measurement Date/Time (dd/mm/yyyy hh:mm) 

Depth to Water (m) 

MP Height (m) 

Depth to Water Below MP (m) 

Discharge L/sec 

Temperature 

oC 

Conductivity μS/cm Turbid

RECORD ADDITIONAL MEASUREMENTS ON BACK OF FORM 

Revision December, 2006 - 1 -
AQUIFER TEST FIELD FORM (4 pages) 

Ethiopian National Ground-water DAtabase (ENGDA) 

PUMPING WELL DATA (CONTINUED) 

Measurement 

Date/Time 

(dd/mm/yyyy 

hh:mm) 

Depth to Water (m) 

MP Height 

(m) 

Depth to 

Water 

Below MP 

(m) 

Discharge 

L/sec 

Temperature 

oC 

Conductivity 

μS/cm Turbi

Revision December, 2006 - 2 -
AQUIFER TEST FIELD FORM (4 pages) 

Ethiopian National Ground-water DAtabase (ENGDA) 

PUMPING WELL: Site Name: ____________________________________________ Locality (Village and District):____________

OBSERVATION WELL 1: Site Name: ______________________________________ Locality (Village and District):____________

Location of Measuring Point ___________________________________Azimuth_________(degrees) radial distance_______(m) Meas

OBSERVATION WELL 1 DATA 

Measurement 

Date/Time 

(dd/mm/yyyy 

hh:mm) 

Depth to Water (m) 

MP Height 

(m) 

Depth to Water 

Below Land 

Surface (m) 

OBSERVATION WE

Measurement 

Date/Time 

(dd/mm/yyyy 

hh:mm) 

Depth to Water (m) 

MP 

______________________ Locality (Village and District):______________________________________________ 

Revision December, 2006 - 3 -
AQUIFER TEST FIELD FORM (4 pages) 

Ethiopian National Ground-water DAtabase (ENGDA) 

OBSERVATION WELL 2: Site Name: ______________________________________ Locality (Village and District):____________

Location of Measuring Point ___________________________________Azimuth_________(degrees) radial distance_______(m) Meas

OBSERVATION WELL 2 DATA 

Measurement 

Date/Time 

(dd/mm/yyyy 

hh:mm) 

Depth to Water (m) 

MP Height 

(m) 

Depth to Water 

Below Land 

Surface (m) 

OBSERVATIO

Measurement 

Date/Time 

(dd/mm/yyyy 

hh:mm) 

Depth to Water (m) 

Revision December, 2006 - 4 -
SLUG TEST FIELD FORM (2 pages) 

Ethiopian National Ground-water DAtabase (ENGDA) 

SLUG TEST WELL: Site Name: _______________________________________ Locality (Village and District):___________________

Latitude

____________ Longitude ___________ Lat/Long Datum: (Adindan WGS84) Location map (sheet number)___________________ M

UTM Easting_____________ m UTM Northing ________________ m UTM Zone (36 37 38) UTM Datum: (Adindan WGS84 ) 

Coordinate Method (Approximate Calculated DGPS GPS 1:50,000 map 1:250,000 map Survey Unknown ) Location map ___________________

Slug Test Start Date (dd/mm/yyyy) ________________ Slug Test End Date (dd/mm/yyyy)________________ Slug Test Duration _____Slug Test Type ( Air Bailer Poured ) Slug Length ___________ cm Slug Diameter ___________ cm Water Displaced _________Agency Conducting Test _____________________________________ Slug Test Comments______________________________________SLUG TEST WELL CHARACTERISTICS: Fill out these information in the field, or before going to the field by examining existing well in

Casing Diameter _______ cm Annulus Diameter ________ cm Screen Length _________ m Depth to Screen Top __________ mDepth to Aquifer Top __________ m Depth to Aquifer Bottom _______ m Confining Layer Thickness ________ m Assumed StorAquifer Material (Anhydrite; Basalt; Clay; Clay soils (surface); Claystone; Coarse Sand; Fine Sand; Fine-Grained Sandstone; Fractured Igneous and Metamorphic Ro

Medium Sand; Medium-Grained Sandstone; Permeable Basalt; Sand and Gravel Mixes; Shale; Silt; Loess; Siltstone; Unfractured Igneous and Metamorphic Rock; UGabbro; Weathered Granite ) 

Fill Material (Coarse Sand Fine Sand Gravel Medium Sand ) Packing Material ( Backfill Bentonite Cement Open Hole ) 

Location of Measuring Point _________________________________________________________________________________________Water Level Measurement Method: Unknown (0); Steel Tape (1); Electric Tape (2); Pressure Gage (3); Timing the sound from dropping Estimated from the length of a string (6); Use of a sounder on the end of a string (7); Transducer (8); Recorder (9); Other (10) Persons Collecting Data _____________________________________________________________________________________________

SLUG TEST WATER LEVEL DATA 

Measurement 

Date/Time 

(dd/mm/yyyy 

hh:mm) 

Depth to Water (m) 

MP Height 

(m) 

Depth to Water Below 

Land Surface (m) 

SLUG TEST WATER LE

Measurement 

Date/Time 

(dd/mm/yyyy 

hh:mm) 

Depth to Water (m) 

MP He

(m) 

- 1 - Complete as much information as possible. Use additional forms as necessary December, 2006 
SLUG TEST FIELD FORM (2 pages) 

Ethiopian National Ground-water DAtabase (ENGDA) 

SLUG TEST WATER LEVEL DATA 

Measurement 

Date/Time 

(dd/mm/yyyy 

hh:mm) 

Depth to Water (m) 

MP Height 

(m) 

Depth to Water Below 

Land Surface (m) 

SLUG TEST WATER LE

Measurement 

Date/Time 

(dd/mm/yyyy 

hh:mm) 

Depth to Water (m) 

MP He

(m) 

COMMENTS ____________________________________________________________________________________________________

- 2 - Complete as much information as possible. Use additional forms as necessary December, 2006