/ A //. * 1 r-ion 

P.I 

mm H510 115HJ: RULES. AND REGULATIONS r ' • |-

\ • •• * I 

• Tltle40—Protection of the Environment.;?-, and circulated to^interested: persons at ;>*jWbJJe{tti-iaey be «nfBaJK'cr tncon-* • 

CHAPTErtf^-ENYIRONMENTAL approximately the time of publication of; Hnleni,ior.»oiri« plata» to cJeiermlne * 

'"•A '.PROTECTION AGENCY < '•J-'~' th e notice of proposed rulemaking; thetr production :ln terms, cf. rsqtarftij f

-

 SUBCHAPTER M^mirrrrr O'UIDFI mW^ n %! m^^te d persons|were Invited to parameter*plated; It It not impassible, Bec-< 

(

 SUBCHAPTER r«FrLUT^0|DEUNE3 AND* tlcipa^ l a tbjj rmemaklng by submitti^ ^^ 

pawT^iSlr i Frrpnw a^' r pnirVr

 c '^^en-comments within 30 days'from ><atinj8tn*orvft» require the owner c_ 

PART

 41 |^^TT^01PIAT1NG POINT , ^ dat c Qt pUbiicaUon.'Prior public par- i tjperatorjof' any point soiree to establish 

Hi ^ «£**T • ticlpation. In the>fofni;of solicited com*'- and; maintain record* to determine com- ' i 

' Subpart-A-^Copper.'-NIckeV Chromium, "ments-and' responses-from'the, Statev-Plianc e with* effluent limitations. P 

and Zinc ?on Ferrous and Nonferrous .Federal agencies,-aid-:other interested^ graphs (b>*of II 41303 and .41305 1_ 

• Materials Subcategory • parties, was described in the preamble tor;] been addedf toithls regulation to provide 

- Cm October'5," 1973, notice was pub- ^ e proposed.regulation The.:XPA.h^^^ wftiv 

. llshed in the FEDERAL REGISTEH (38 FR considered carerully tall of the comments ,i r^<»rd3_«*hiira_rtJ»o<l_c^ reporting:* 

27694), that-the Environmental prbtec-[^J"

ecelved'"arid R discission of these com- ^ requlnflneat* fmposed by the guidelmea/s 

tlon Agency - (EPA or Agency) was pro-fr

 ment s wlt n th e

 Agency's response thereto ^AXhb efiWeni limitations applicable to *.** 

-"posing ieffluent limitations guidelines fori-follows. - particulardischarger may be determined^ 

.existing sources and standards of per-j^'><a);Sumniary of wnptenfl.'Tne'ifoK.^by mulUwytogjUie.enraenil^lUtlOTO to?j, 

' formance and) pretreatment standards^" lowing responded to ihe request forwrit-^'Wiragrapbi-XsJ of. 1413Q3. for existing 

* for new sources within the electroplating! .-'ten comments contained in the preamble .sources by*!the production expressed In*, 

§ 'of copper, nlckel,.chrorrdurhi.and zinc onl;to the; proposed regulallon; C. E.Mangev.^mo*liqit.£!neproduct ofthls ealcula?;^ 

i ferrous j and nonferrous .materials sub^.',f^T3evel6^ent_<I_ibc«itory, • Welch; Allyn \&n* baa dlmet-doi-i efcmg of lb. An efflu-

' category, of-the electroplating category 'iJnoi PlatersvSupplyl Company, General1'i*eat factor,of 200>rliters per Sq m (5 gal-

••.'.of point sources. • Motors Corporation ' Colorado Depart-- Ions per sq ft) is.the water use for rlnalntW 

| The,* purpose* of this'notice Is' to csr';£ment;of Po-bho Hea th," Municipality of " topical of plants in the electroplating lntablish) final effluent limitations guide^fMetropoDUn ^ may de-\ 

; lines,for existing'sources 

of performancejand pretreatment 

i'ards for new sources in the 

,". ing category of point sources, byamend-.*. Der>artment-of jHealth^ Education; and.-"\ c9"" w**^lii-' w»' v_**x_»_j »r»unuic, .<;. 

i:ing 40 CFR "Chapter I, Subchapter N„t6t*Welfare, Environmental • Resources (De-?W_<3* Several comments stated that the -,>; 

add a new Part 413. This final rulemakiRfense Council, Comndonwealth of Massa—* ejBoeptBaritaCona as proposed would lm-.••#•!•• 

ing Is promulgated pursuant to sectionspchusetts, Pratt and Whitney Division of *****.^severe econoouc,hardship on the ; 

. 301,304"(b) and (c),306 (b) andf(c) and,:.Unlted Aircraft Corporation; Columbus •_!*•"Plater. 

•307(c)v- of'the Federal Water • Pollutlonf Industrial: -Association,: -Keeler i Brass vW small s_*psemploy chemical treat-,;''.. 

":' Control Act, as amended <the Act);,33r.Compahy^lancy Laboratories, National^n»mi>10itood water use,/they should.• 

• UjS.C.il251,1311,1314 (b) and (c),'l3181; Association of Metal iPTrrghers, Americanl^P^^C^t^ndeltnes as proposed, Eence»jF| 

ElectroplatersVf Society, , Chrome-Rlt<j [; aii exempUoaor relaxation of the standCompany, Masters Electrc 

elation,' Association-pf- Home Appliance t?1 

• Company, Masters Electro-Plating Asso-«.y y ^ baaeifeiyb^e la Warranted, only from 

economky oorr administrative standi< 

ilnt and not on the basis of technical 

lty of waste treatment. After an 

1

 (b) and (c) and 1317(c)? 88 Stat. 815 et 

i seq.; Pub. L. 93^-500. Regulations regarding cooling water Intake structures for all f 

categories of point sources under section 

a6(b)tof the Act will be promulgated in 

, 40 CFR 402. ' - | 

In addition, the-EPA is simultaneously•) 

proposing a separate provision which ap-. 

pears in the- proposed, rule»\section^ of 

this Part H of Uie Fxi>SaAi.RwnKrjoi1j39 

i FR . 11515, stating the application•• of; 

the limitations {and 'standards set forth, 

i below.to users of publicly owned treat-^ 

.ment. works which are subject,to pre-

• treatment standards * under section 307 

S fb)-:of the Acti The'basis'of that pn v 

posed regulation, is set forth in the as-' 

I soclated notice *of proposed ruiemaklng.-

. The legal bftdSt methodology "and f ac-1* 

,tual conclusions which support"promul-, 

gatlon of this regulation-were set forth 

in substantial idetall in; the notice of 

"public review procedures^published An-,*,|ucts j^^^^^j^Wald J 

.' gust 6,1973 <38FR 21302) and in theno-i 

tlce of proposed rulemaking for the elec? 

Vtroplatlng of copper,' nickel, chromium,'. 

'

r

 and zinc on ferrous and nonferrous mate-rj 

rials subcategory. In addition, the regulations as proposed were supported by. two 

other documents:. (lKThe document en-, 

'-titled '."Development Document for Pro--

posed Effluent Limitations Guidelines ahd» 

! New-Source'Performance Standards for 

the; Copper, NlckeL-Chromium, and Zinc! 

Segment of , the v Electroplating' Polnt'i'and 

: Source Category" (August* 1073) and (2) >f <i) Aro'roxirnately^ohe-thlrd of the -;ln*»i*u>i. 

!the document entitled "Economla Anary-J comments received stated that the use of-- ^<41, Oesntettb were 4 received that . 

sis of Proposed EffluentGuidelines for the -crnilllgrams per sqnare meter phUed'as the /J«ocy^aui.'J!th'»Horis such as eltmtnat*. 

, Electroplating ' Point' Source Category -.basis for effluent limitations is lmpricti* ' inf. 'eopi»fVrpl»tlng by increasing the,'; 

'(Copper, Nickel,- Chromium, and Zlnc)?-;ca] r mieconomical, ax< difflcult to apply. ; 41 itil nssi o t nickel or substituting trlTs-

(September, 1973)•Bothof,these docu- VAlternate bases for the guidelinea were [?tentT'tf» nftmv bathaifor 

''' ments were made a'valUbie to the public jfcjggested by several commenters. 1 

Manufacturers, Oxy Metal Finishing Cor-v'T-P 

iporatlon, Metal Finishing Suppliers* As- ^fefsioiuty OITOM J KTmsmeaQs. Aiiex^an 

-sociaUon, Chromiuml Inc.; E. L DuPont - analysis of additional data •urmUed^byJ«l 

[ de Nernouxs. inc-, Ocneral Electric Com- 4 th^lndas^a»l^r»-evalnatio n of the t& 

pany/Raytheon Company, Ford Motor ' economic impact eTths gindehnes, it was. .. 

Company,-WhlrlpooliCorporaUon^West^ aeterariiy•«•»tn»'«tatanim cost for . 

era Electri<vSclentific Control Labora- :•;TMwPbyalcal-chemlfa l waste treat-.^> 

' tories,:Inc4 Electronic Industries? Asso-i ;mtetma y Create an economfc burden on 

'^lstiori. The -Bendii/CorporaUori. U-S; ^jer y sna p pfrter. On the basis of this 

fDeportment-of •..commerce; .Eastman•• ft*^;anmjysts/.the-bestc' practicable^, 

Kodak Company,"' TRW, Inc.. Burndy

 < *P« « tecanolegy currently available for ';.«?> 

roorporatloo.: Jamestfawn Electrcplatli^ ^«b w Wet^lessjb ^ 33 SQ m per hour. ^ 

Works; mci;Douglas |and Lomason Com-^? °5 I*

Tl, *!^ t 0 *A

i 5 r t *

Ile d

 Cerent capacpany. Revere #CoppeT^and Brass; Ino4 l l tJ« «

 th J^?°S . * m p ?r ^ . ^ ^eter" 

•Metropolitan A .Sanitary • District • of ***** .to^CranMejtestanctipn, if any, •; 

"Greater Chicago,' State of Newt.York "*^ l l *^,, 4 % ^^u iva i ? 8tm<m > ' . ^ ^ 

•Department-nf ,:Environmental?• Con+ft.Anal-^1?

n

^^;ftfecto\-VM:•^Uonalj;^ 

(eervatlon. Sargent and Company, Digital 'S^^^i^T 1) of; the bestj ^ 

Equlpmeht Corporation. AMP, IncjProd* ;r Practica l pOftMtechriology currenUy-

.Et s .Flnlshlng.-^wald^ l^amrfaoturtagr^ «^Sf^ ^ 

'company, too. United States Water Re-rt 5*^^^Guideline s on. the small 

r

 sources' Council, S." K..,WiUlamsi Comi ^.P»Jf 

pany.ManufacturuigrJewelersandSilv-.:: •P^?^ TM -.connnenters^^aBgested J 

ersmiths of America} xnc^Uja. Depart* u thattbgwaste,water.confaol end treatment of the Interior,! True'Temper Cori ' m<niteggdqqes«ig«Mted in the Develporation, Dallas Water-Utilities, Texas opf^Doeuaer t are net proven and are n. 

Instruments, Inc > Institute of Ertnted • x^empletelyieliahle.>« 

^tate 

tsJ Caterpular'lTractor Company,y. -nftauertuffrr*ftnr<m» to redocethe dls-/ 

. . of Connecticut Department cf En- rebar^ of peOOtanto are discussed m the 

tVh*onmental Protection^ Stale of Mlchl- I>tvelofSaent Documents^ATl techniques ; 

gan^ Department-of Natural Resources,^, are irt^appflcahle to erer r plater, but ,'; 

and API Industries, Inc. each Is success!uHy demonstrated l a the 

m 

KDEIAl fdWISTTt, VOL if, NO. 6T—THUK0AY; MAICH^I, 
P.2 

IHB| 

: RULE* AfaD 

"•• The" Vegulatlohs , ^ subsurface TMieisl iVtJexpeHe^ tha£tne^tropiatiffg^peiaUon7j 

treatment technology (with; emphasis 'bh ^ guidelines Krtll^focus

 t'attentlon*,On^the»?eapti|e^^facultie^/lsuch'aS those .operated-'i? 

"water conservation. Such process sothat fetis^b^''ft<i;^^i^>iri«'.*tT>jmnf>^tiTr*»rA^ «niv2! 

cations are suggested as alternate meth-fo-factory iomtiops will bef ound:Chemical 

ods to meet the •guldehhes under certatartpreclp.ltatiii, with, j solids'. separatldn- is.. 

clrcumstances.-'No-clalhi Is made ithat'-- widely •accepted 'as-, the best-practicabld^rllsoltalJdnii Vand -standards .

;

bf-/performfl-

[BUch'i modiflcatlbns. .are .pracUcalrAfor*'control tecfciology'for this industry,^The"^;ahce promulgated, herein, Separate'effiu^'1 

every plater..' sludge produced:rfi'6ulci be disposed of .indent limitations "guidelines 'and "standard£#J!" 

." (5) Several^rnments.lndlcated'thaty an acceptable landfill. :(3* of performance for the metal fabrlcatlng.'H 

the;-proposed^g>ldeimes^c^d;.create\vt;Soluble'metal;saats*pr^uced;,by<*r^5.todustrIes*wih*;be-developed by-EPAi 

*ev ere" ad verse Vecbriornlc •en'ects'cia the'* f-"'"- W»«r^h^t^fr4 ^r<v^iw*rw.*tj¥>>v.23 / n viTh** T k,rv>>fYkrtym*ttt<nf nnm*»» 

[ectroplating industry lri'gene'ral 

;As ;discussed in 'se<rtion?'E'V thc*eco2fii 

'concahtratlon:J or!iRecovery.-tech- UB;ft

 Department.1 > ', of Com'' severer adver^>^h6rrdc'feflects6nv:

 thel^taln _ 

electroplating industry ta^grae'ral.!;^:^ that,the concentration of 

: A :As ;discussed in 'section t'E*?,s the*ectf^epvironmeital hazard than the'm^fem6^totansus^nded';solids;.upon., which- the 

nomlc- Impact; of the ;fmat;gtadelraes-is^hydrb^ 

• expected' to be^Bignlficaritly .lower-.th^^tre'atment.TAnr.en'rtronmen^ 

:

that of;tha proposed^guidelines.:This.Is^able.solution-to this proMe'rh^'which' 1~ 

"due to a significant reductianinthe rium-^jhot 'pfecullag^ to" th^ electroplating Indus 

berf of plants to be. affected by the' guide^.try,' I* exp 

j lines and to' reduced?,reojiIreinents f or^,:.applicatio 

very., small operations;; (less. ^hanp 33^ holoefc 

square: meters • plated t per"; hour,v or- less^t^<(8 )ii 

'than-- 2000^amperes':installed •••current^'that.lthe'l 

capacity). guidelines; 

Becausc^'protreatm^ gi 

are being" proposed as'^^separatei'pack-^ The Indus 

age* the guIdeltoes'now'-bemg'promul-^/mterim-.g 

gated win affect [only about 25, percentof \ tlons|and. 

th©' Industry/ithe' remaining, 75 percent'*- treatment „,..,..-„, .. ^— 

being plants that discharge to munlciparf'jpracticablej control technology currently 

treatment "systems.^ Oriv this": basis'''and *>: available^ I • 

atial difference- be 

Seve 

,io . tne electroplating anaus-^;.^-xnena«i preseniea m section JLA. OI .uief>g 

ted prior to'thejdeadllne • f orXDevelqpment Document for the'profcbsed&fe 

of-.the.1 best 'available ,tech"-', ,'regulations'sh'ow: that'.numerous ^ 

orrdeauy achievable in< 1983. r.surveyed-are acnlev!ng,45-nig/ltorclesaftf 

al'; comments:wero/received-: ^totals suspended solids and;;that! an.;ex4 

ronosed'heffluent ^liniltations * firhnlar*/. nlant'achieved:a rn?onthlv?ave'rUj 

treatment *system&£Oiv this" basis'' 'and' . 

"with •eonsideratiorr/of--.the^reduced/re-J*]' The < 

ojilreinent for very ^ah : operations thdr^'lhterim' 

defines'H effluent^;ccncentra-/;.samplihg arid analysis conducted'by- thW. 

ith the concept ot: chemical ^.EPA^cbntractot^ showed.ah average of; 

•f Vwastei'waters;as'.the bestt 22 nig/1 total suspended solids in the'dfe-ij 

\ charge! from exemplary -plan ts based brf 

short sampling'.periods. As a'result-of 

fibetweeh^thet*further^data'^ analysis;' EPA' concluded t«w»a » wjMci.iiij*jv iA.«ni,w i vu-' i iunutii : uow » . w,unjoia , ui n v w 

*-: guidelines /'jOoncentrationS' and ;f that the monthly, average effluent 

Vould'*.' represent' • fewer/'than'5:600 'em^;th© same 

ployees and less; than'2.0''percent of the£*total acr-

*.•••. • H ' . • • ._. i _ , j * --rr*V.' ^ *, 

It in'-terms of 'limiting*! 

it of ^pollutants discharged; 

practicable'; control technology 

§_avuilable m the proposed guide 

total independent plating -capacity.' For ^ .:Tlie intierunreffloentvlconcentrations^'r^ 

pedto oe broadly-appllcable^if-T] 

. _ilsrimg''c^rations^^e^efflu^tioao , 

employees and less-than 1.0'percent ofliie^^'hnutationsguldelmeswero developed Includect'ili} 

ucaaio ^ . y Th'e Agen'cyTfSaffl 

^ab^c^rations^^aefflu-CtJong 0 n which the proposed guidelines}'{{] 

ns ^aeltaeswero^eveIopedj£^ere .-^ includeot'fl^ 

nickel; •c^miumiand^xmc^a-t^icaivwater.usexrf 80 liters/so m ,bf

 %\ft: 

1983,' fewer .than 80. additional closures';*- fwereMi 

are expected,' representing1 Jess -ihan 250*:Ito metal 

employees "and less ;thari 1.0'percent ofj.ent'hmita 

the total independent plitingeapecityi ^*'for coppe. 

- Although most of these" closures woul'd^jcleolroplattng'. operations-and are based^ p ^ted •area; arid ian effluent corlcentra^' 

occur in • semlurban' areas, it ,*tin: has*-Uon a program of extensive technlcaldata.t.t|on''1f or -eachjpf /the' parametersucoh4'• 

been estimateoTjthat'about-half of the^analyste'tdisatisfy^ the^detalled-require-?:trolled of O^-'ingh,'-except forjcyanIdeJL« 

affected* employees 'should nnd-re-'emi^'ments'of .Jectlons 301/804cb)?;306Aandl>iiexavalen{ ''chromitrnY: and^ total, sus^' Kb 

"TBS07 .of the Act. :The; results of the study•-.pendedHsolids, -which

 JWere^setUtv

'ployment.ta the electroplating industry 0.0Slf 4 11. 

: while .the remainder would have to seek^-to developjefflu 

re-employment in other todustrlesi^V'^'*-show •..contlusl 

?>.- (6) • Commenters .• Buggested-*: that r the "A guidelines Pconcealrations' and: thaefflu 

proposed effluent -limltatioGs would

 rim-*V;.ent: limitations guidelines'are consis 

tations guldeUnesy-. mg/1> 0-( j 5 j^ ^ ^^ 1& j ^ respAtlvelyi1 

^t^.the.-.-mWrtov •vvhl!© thespeclfied concentratloiis -were; 

" " achieved by a number of the, exemplary. i 

plapts' rjevlewed' by the' contractor; only.^.i 

'.met-" byi many?£c4herVlby''only pre 

:

-

,

inlridi!ji,?5*re* ' 

-changes v' in -i 'operatidhj£-Thev ha 

technology "fori toe.';eleotroplating^m-Jt^,^ieT 

dustry,^chemical: treatment*?has-^mW1413. 

practiced- by the- Industry -for over^j^lS.lO-*bf Ithe-regmationvptomuJgated^.ukge offloo 1/Sq'm; the _ 

'yeam^By controllhig tlje vomrde of w 

water generated and employing:a* wetl-5;ardsi:.of: r«rformance./as preb^toent.T'studied by the'eontractdr;^more 

desigried tand IweU-operated v"<5hemlcal<|Btandards tor new sources. dustry • data ';indicatei'that'*eigl 

treatment' systenVplaters can "meet the^i^ '.(10) Several 'commenters stated ;that|;;tlorial^lants 'achieve'this 'level 

r

guidellnea as;promulgated. - -•'JEPA' should establish'a^^^>8eparate-.cat^':.'.trol.Thus,this^evelof<perfo 

) Numerous-£ comments ^'indicated 

'that 

water 

created 

It.Is.recognized that"the removal 'of;";•'* ''TheeffliJerrb'ilrrJl 

pietals!fromrwaste water: by. chemical ':• 'staridards j of performance for' the elec-i :' (b) iZe^lsI 

precipitation methods produces" a sludge <?.troplating|category of sources are' appUi.'!! ikm pHo^tdi^^^dtkmrAM-Sie^iioi 

whioh''reonires adequate Vrecaiitions^t6S> cable 

prevent? con1 

. ynxtttget" 

to;those^rtion80f a humuwi^ublicrconmienta and 

^ss which include an elec-'f and evaluation of the 

rtDOTAl Kdirtw, VOL 34f-.tNO.!6l. 
P.3 

•: 

11^12 

- ', 

, tlon by the EPA,, the following changes 

• have been made In the regulation:: 

(1) The best practicablecontroli tech-

. nology for • small. platers

 : (less .than\33 

square meters surface plated per hour or 

less than 2000 amperea installed current 

capacity) has been redefined in $ 413.12 

, (c)r to be | cyanide destruction, if. any,' 

equalization and ; pK adjustment.toval-; 

levlate '-• the; economic*, I Impact /of;; tha_ 

guidelines o n the segment of the -Indus-:' 

• try, most severely, affected by* the pro----

% posed. regulations. • 'Ati- y 

: (2> The monthly average effluent limi-,; 

stations and standards of performance for.: 

j total suspended solids have been revised, 

upward to reflect the .conclusions of fur-

-the r technical analysis, 

(3) Paragraph. (b) .of 155413.12 .and, 

»'413.15 have been added/to'require that. 

point source .dischargers", maintain/pro-^ 

I duction records to determine compliance;^ 

/•with the effluent limitations pursuant to ' 

, section. 308 of, the -Act.. 

•'..• (4). Section 304(b) (1) (B\ of the Act: 

provides for "guidelines'.',t to Implements 

| the uniform national standards of se'c-^ 

: tlon 301(b)Xl) (A)>.Thus Congress jecog-%J 

i nized that some flexibility was necessary" 

vln order, to' take into account the. com-; 

.plexity of the industrial world with re-? 

E spect to the i practicability of pollution: 

I control Cechik)logy.rIn- <^jnfonnit^. with; 

.the Congressional intent and iri-xecognlrj 

tlon of the'f possible ;;f allure of j.theses 

P regulations ..to... account -for. all '.factors", 

. bearing. en. the practicability of control,., 

technology, it was 'concluded that some -

provision, was needed to authorize flexibility in the strict application of the liml-J 

t tatlons contained, in | the .. regulation 

'• where required by'special •circumstances;, 

L

 applicable to individual;dischargers.-Ac--

\ cordingly, a provision allowing flexibility's 

in the application of the limitations rep-£ 

resenting best! practicable .Control L tech- K 

[ nology £ currently.;available/has \• beehv 

'added to each subpart; to account for£ 

• special circumstances tha t may not have J 

been, adequat e accounted ..for. j when; 

these' regulations' .were / developed] . 

(5) Th e limitations for best practicable.' 

control technologyi' currently, available^ 

a n d new. source performance standards i 

haVerbeen, "revised to-reflect a more"j li b -/t 

era! 'and realistic water ..use factor.; See ~ 

section .IX' of. the.' Development 'Docu- • 

ment for Ifiustratlons of operations, and.; 

. methods of applications.:,.

 r 

p. (c) >- Econdmic: impact A The. economic^ 

Impact of the final.:guidelines-is-ex-'. 

• pected to be significantly lower than that';: 

" of, the proposed guidelines,;because of, 

.three factors ;/<!).,* The! estimate.of the . 1 

.itotal number 'of Independent -plants, af-/ 

fectedby the guldeunes.has been reduced, 

\ by" eliminating plants: in SIC, 3 471, that/. 

do not use ^copper,- nickel, chromium or> 

• zln t i n their operatlonsy ,(2) plants dls^.:.;; 

''charging _to municipal systems, approx-:«-: 

I lmately^three-fourths jot.the;,industry,;-. 

are not/affected,by;the;guidelines;now^-

- beirig.'promuIgaied-.and;

l(3)-;

'-the require-?: 

r ments in 1977 for low Volume plants flessg 

, tha n 33 square meters plated per hour>;r 

have been relaxed. . 

RUUS;AND^-REGUUTJONS ;. 

as a result of the i 977 guld'elmes',"-These^^ '* 

'plants would.represent fewer ,thari*.,600^^therwl£e ^be^attributableito. . 

'^employees', and lessitb^.2.0.'percent,of ^ 

, the itotal independent'-plating capacity,^ from/, existing^'and.v:ne^y^'.'.c<mstnibted^ 

'Thls^ impact is substantially; .low er^.than -^plantsIn th e electroplating n^ustrylThe/; 

BU1UUU.U . O.JIC *C,U>«VA ttl»UI J QiO X\Jl -i-T<i.» II.-M.I I v i.n, - M.tM.iKi^. 1 i-in m w • • u i . | _• » wiffl • »>— 

• indicates fewer than 80. additional' clc~.^ substantia1 ,ln; absolute, terms.; represents 

sures are expected Mf 

employees' and; less.] 

the total Independent 

\.' Price Increases for ;1977 are still. jex-~(fdontrpl jmusi .be ccrisldered^Ehe 

•"pected.tb;be^iri:the]rajige of 15 

sea of up to'3- percentar e expecfed^^vpartrofftb£-suqpierided:isolids^ pbUiuaht,?w 

f6r 1983. Best practicable ' 

" / l -.J— 

for those plants riot connected to iriimic: 

ipal; treatment systems.'Additional.increases/ 

control technology and 

The «•potential.J,"-

; should-VJaaveo orily, 

overall industry vii 

.tentlal capacity Ices for 1977 arid 198Jl;ia$m.. this Industry/ ^ 

less,than 3.0 percent. This should be re-i'rwastes and hquid|concentrates./m: sonia?,* 

placed easily by existing plants and4ew.£:;4asea;these:are nenhazardous substances.-i; 

plants.*^-Moreovi 

!guldeliriea^ 

chargers so 

occur.in:semi-urban .areas,:it still haapieratiori.jIn/order] to/erisure lorigyieni 

ibeen.estimaWdthatjhalf. ot^the aff ected^ .-,'protecfJon^bf the e^virbnirientfrom ihes^ 

andi 

concluded tha t some captive shopo could • • hazardous'wastes ar e disposed should be ; 

b e affected by the gmdeh^es^jHcwe'ver^^'^ctediso^a* t o prevent horiaootal' 

a s with the independent shops, th a fan-.- vertical migration of these contend" 

pact-oncaptive shops sfuuld be reduced.;^W ground Tor/surf ^ _ 

slgnificantlyi because the guidelines • will'^ where geologic • conditions may nd i L _ -

apply .only to direct dischargers and be-_A sonably ensure this, adequate^^precautions j . 

cause''the requlreinentsf or. low yaluxrie^e-g^ impexvionJs-linersl should be .taltwii 

operations i n 1977 have, been relaxed; ^ to ensure, long-: term^protectlcm/ 

,(d> Cost-benefit \analvsis*The- detri-r envn^ninenVfrom hazardous materialaSW 

merital i effectsI': of \ the •* constituents;[oftf„xWhere: apraroprlate:the location of solid / 

waste' waters ;riow ^discharged b y pomt/'hazardous materials disposal sites should ^ 

sourcea ai'withtn • the copper,«- nicket^b e permanently recorded Xrij the approchromium, and zinc| on ferrcnsanxinon^Vpriate office; of, the legal Jurfsdkticfxjiri 

ferrous materials segment of the. electro^: Which the site Is located,^^^^ " 

plating.point source category ar e dls-^ j SB ^Publication}-j of,/.nn*orins " 

cussed to section VE of the report enUtied-rsprocessesi-»>i?rocedurejC ox.;. <_ 

•TJeveIopment^:Do(krment r.forioEffluent^ xnethoda which, result to'the ellmInatlonH" 

IJmitaticns Guideliries for the,C^pperi^orS',reduction ^of ^th e ^^lischarie;. of , 

Nickel,'(Chrcmiunvlarid "Zmc on.Ferrouav: pollutaritsi'j^^^ f ^i. 

\and Nonferrous:Materials Mamdactarrng-^| :.In conformance with ihie te^uirem'ents „•• 

Segmentr'Of^the^ElectropUtrng^l\rint%:o - section i3M(cl/c a , manual.; entitled*-

Source Cate^ory'?VFebruary4 1974);. I t iff^jTJevelopnientvrx)cun^nt;^for;^ 

not feasible. ttoJ:!qTiantify.:fn. economic ^liinlCAtibn»..Gmdellne^ Sourcej 

terms;paTticularry on-, a .national. basis,>'; Performance Standards for, th e CopperiJ 

the costs resulting i rom the discharge of i, Nickel, C3n"chunn£-andVZLuk Segmentf of.; 

these pollutanta.to our Nation'*-water*f^the Electroplating Pc>UTt ifiourceM 

waysT^Nevertheless, as, indicated ta-.sec-^gory,*', ha s been p^uhUsnednind ls.i 

tlon-VI. tnb poUutarits.;dischargedi haveR;-able foX puxcha^froc a theOovernmenl 

substantial and Oaniagtog Impacts on the vOPririting, Office, ."V rashirigt<mi D.C.

 ;20401 -/";• 

quahty of wate r arid ;thereroi!er ion litajv-for anoniiELalfee. 

capacity !for support heal thy, populations >i (g)^i^ruleirwkin? . i n co ^ 

of wildlife, fish, and'other aquatic wild-f^of tbetcir^clng; 40 CFR Chapter I; Snblifq and on its suitability, for todustxial^rchapterrN is hereby amended by addin^ H 

recreational 'and drinking.water,suppryMa new.:ParV-413i/Electroplating -Poinuses. SouTcelCategoryJ to. read :as, set-r

f orti; 

,v The -total-Tcost: of. ^mplementlng-'the'-belc 

effluenti^inntationa]guidelines|iiKJ -^.frrmrregulation topi 

the direct capital arid operating costs of >* & get forth below and shall 1 

the pollution .vcon«cA»vtechnology*em-*£ifay 2% f974. 

ployed to achieve compliance arid the i'£rif*iif " W Wri' 

direct economic and envfa^onmental costs^^E^B•' : r^fV^" j*-°f ? 3' .* 

Ideriufled£in,i;Section jjVIIIi and ;in ;the jog s Qai 

supplementary report entitled "Econon iing Amii 

Analysis cf^ Proposed: Effluent cJaidelinesj e<» 

' In light of these changes, therev^edj^ElectropIatMg

 v

. ;;indust ^ 

economic Impact indicates tha t Iessthan^973)/Iiriplej3'e^lhy jthe:effluent 11m!!. 

•' 100 independent 'operations could. close; jtions, guidelines will jsubstantially reduce 

1 FEDERAL-REGISTER, VOL-39, NO.j 61—T>iuRSDAT,;MAICH 28, 1 

lofthet 

relating-of oopper,. nlcXel,« 

alUm;' aad', zinc j <MI . XerrouS; 

lonferrous inatcriala subcategory.^ 
P.4 

&W xANft;aECUtAT10N$ 

^iiy^piSb^SS^SBBp?:-' 

'413.12 Effluent liraltatVnuJ: gtxid«n»flrrepf-' 

rentin g Ul© <S«gT*» O* ©010004 t^Vr-y^ , 

duct** . *ttain*M». ,»**&••^jptt^l^^ W 

—Vcfttioa-o f to * £ fe«a4cjtt»cttc«£^«jPeraon 

r

 - control tectmoiogj currently avaU-«-; glOnal . 

f'ftbio /'th e S t 

tram*: 

Iri-

;reOmrea Variation} from} 

nutations:&set / forth';: In) 

arryipbint source subjectf 

; 'limitations.: witn'.^ ^prb-J 

than' 33;square',meters- perl 

installed direct; current; ca«~ 

, 2000-amperes. Fof .such 

__e and, -as a rt^Vthe^/;tweeri1a ^ arid •another.p] 

should .be adjusted • for <cer-riVeter,s-sucptu/Bsi*aniper 

• 1 this -Industry^Aniln^iplating, 

- .<>me^itoterestedKM(c)JAp^,'" 

submit' evidence- to. the EerJ^eC tlon 

inktratot- (or to the 8tate;; If 1;the;-'efflhasjthe[authority itdt issuev?8413.12<a>3 

413.13 /Effluent iimitatioris guifteiir^'repre^NPDES' ; peJmu'tsMthat: factors' -lelattns^tb.Suc h 

' aenting tb« •'degree,ot effluent re-k^ ; tiie--.ewprnentYor fa^ities'.tovc^veo^^^thiction^ 

auction ;'^t«to^W.>y.-tti»sppri^ 

T J?,^,J£ TM^Svt^Si!^fact<WB•relRted^to-such-.dlscharger^aro.Kfpacityil technology- economically --acnierer .<:..#—» J^I^UTM. . -».<*„.~,* *_-_*>, ^ *„~*~— i*»,^„^,^, 

»t)le.;; -; 

413.14,' flleeorv od/ 

413.15"'Bt<uidardS', 

•ourcea.;" 

413.is-.'Pretrea.tm©nt'_. 

-aources. 

TM H Ifae-degreeto r effluent.,, 

iaSSg^^S^Sc^l ^ ^. ^ be « ^lUblsrecl ^ 

" exist, the Regional/" 

»**e£ State }shaiL establ 

Subpart;.A-^OeetroplsungKOT-? coppef^tbe discharger efflueht limitations in the? 

:

 Nickel. CJromlunvsndZIncibn^FeTrous^j^pp^^^n^b^e^er^ 

; and Norrferrc^Materials^ 

5 413.1 ()*<* Applicability fc description^" of ^lished'hereui^.tb tiie!extent.;aact 

the electroplating of copper, nJcid^isuc&ifumtoentaflyf :dm 

^hrtomlom, andslhebn f/rrona and^Suchf llmlfotions- must-be approved; by ^'-economically,: achievable r there: shall >•-

nonferroiumaterialj»'BuI>c*tegoj-r,.-',;£('.<, the Administrator of the Environmental $rio dlschatgeof.process wastewater.; 

-Trio provisions of ,tlus'subpart are/ ^ 

plicable to discharges: of "pollutants' 

sulttag from the processin Which' 

rbus or; nonferrous base material .Is raclc^irutiate'.?proceedings^ 

or barrel electoplated.witb copper, rilckel/^regulatior^. 

il^£x?Sz:ik .Yecoaomicallyaehievali l ,/ •fj£J^fc5-' 

AdmlnlsrJ^f -f,hv,^ , - • l^S^^H 

ibllshSfot*Vfi| a)^ThO,ronowto«rilimltatlonsjfewh-' r*.uA >ifl ^the' quantity br.quality'of .pollhtanta 

era! definitions; abbreviations and tneth 

ods of analysis set forth 

136 shall- apply-to' this subpart 

- 'Xbll The term * .'sq: m? shall mearf-the 

! area I plated - with •;copper,'/nickel, I chro-? 

• 'mlum, Einc. or treated/iby -chromating 

i« Trt^R 1^ * £ best practicable control .technology cur^.the \ standards Vof.i performance. fbrf ,riewS(l.; 

ubpSr? f. - : teritly.avafiablc sources set fortij In. 5 413. 

shall mean the '" —'. ti A, ; —~j /'//',• . " § 113.1-4 •' [Keiervcd] 

i -Kffloftct limiUUotu 

' XHoent 

expressed in square meters. cb»r»ct*ri* 

*<; (c) The term <'sq ft" shall mean the^^BTM-

. Jarea>>>plated.r;.with ^copper ^ nickel 

•/chromium, rinc,-br treated by:chromat~ 

, f ing'expressed in square f eet.'i&*^Q*5-

. «, (dl The term"opereUon^-snall mean^?!/.- ;-!, 

£hy step in the plating process In Whichfv^,^rr;*2II:[ 

,'-. I opper, -nlckeU.- chromium,1 or.sdnc Imetal',V crYLX-

• Y- f ohromate is deposited on a base mate-'": ^n'^ 

i

:

«iai following by a rin.v • CN^!X3M 1

 (e* The term "CN^t" shaH mean those x ^ *•*•»•.:::{ 

A- \\ cyanides * amenable':; toi-chlorination- aa-^-ipu., j^H 2 

{• described in 1972 Annual Book of ASTM \:> 

'• | Standards,; 1972,-: StandardrD 2036-72,c;/ 

J Method B, page 553.'-

'A. § '413.1 2 .; Efilnrnt llmit a 

»n*ld«3 r ^eooaecoLlTcda 

\ Mtizirrmm tor v-1. TEIOMIOC 

. »nj«l,dj»y ..;*<» 

'. ihailnot 

[K*«crvcd l 

rfomuOic e f°ejSt i 

'lietfonowu^pinaarns 

orrriarice'establlsh' the quantity or qn 

413.15^ Slanoards of 

.ne w source*.A 

representin g ihejdegre e o f edlucn i | cPtouai; 

redacllo a atiainaLl e bylh © applic*--'i z 

Uou . o f .'Uio: best- practicable, contro l -•£'wH£Avv"~*-J 

technolog y currentl y aVailaM - TSs\_i r 

f •» Inv- establishing; • tiie' limltatloris - set -; v^i^-A— 

•f f fort forthh i Inn thb thiis 'section.' sectionv' EP' EPAA .too -tookk int intoo 'ac-^* ad _ .- ~ ••-';--—- pli 

"f count afl Information it"was able to.coK^'-^bj'Purf aant to feection 308 of the Acv. 

^vFilectf develop arid solicit wlth";fespect to-lpomi}''som jes.'subjept; to:the.provision.-. 

' -factors' (such- asrage arid'.si^e of jplant^f ot" this, su )part :shaHf main tain;

 :records ^ 

' jraw materials; manufacturing processes,:l"ot prrxfuct oh •expressed. Jn;sq m or sq ft>* 

L«iroducts produced,-treatment techriologyji'as defined in 5 413.11 for the'purpo^"of irj'orv£*-; •.'/-L^^> 

fMvaHable,-^energy'-^requlrementa. - -and-Vtieternflnli g compliance with'the.effluents cr, t&ui;L=^^=3.', 

A 3>fa> which can affect the industry Bub-U limitations in 9 413.12(a). of thissubpaft,!-! ^frr^ " 

M^ategbrization;and • effluent levels estab-.'f j-or, the- pirposo, of fcomplylng; with,' theii,CN, touii 

f.Jshed.-It is, however, possible.ttmt'data^rrequfreme] t« of.thls'iparagraphia' dls^'^^ ^ 

ctiwould^affect these limitations have:| charfcer^in&y establish, a correlation be-

•EDEttAL RECjSTEH, 

' <-I4J800 ^'\ - •' 3. aw 

- - ^ ,WUhla Utt-rmf* 8.0 lo vs. 

the provisionsbf this.subpart*.*..h^^ 

'"' " •. — i ——-—; 1 .' ' • 

^•EfflnofitUnitAUfai'-' 

ri Effluent/.' 

fbar»cterisUp ,- . Mail 

SngQsfa onlu (poxindi per mlllknanmomior-x^iTalaesttr,! • 

my 1 dmy.--'*;o0njj«ctiUVe'i ys 

«h*Un»jte»n J— 

i (mffll|raTMb«' «5 iim V' 

x operat' 

, total. .— . -

..,-^.'.Within tbaf&bc« 6.0 to 9-Mft| V " l UJV 

TsiiiS 

HjAii.-i.li 

CN7tDUl-r.-^i 

iglUb'unlt* (p^raifa'pWxnnilo 

j .•guar* fe«t p«r op«r»Uon)' 

iS4 i 

:st WltWn UM ttof 9J> to IM 

.5>f.NO.'et-^-wutsnAri MAICM'ft, iv< 
P.5 

, ^b^AA-y-vi--r--.:A.^v:^^m^m^^Bm W 

11514 j RULES^ANt> rREGUtAtlONS 

(b).-^Pursuant to'sectlon 308 of the Act," 

4i'.',point sources subject to the provislons.of 

.,• thlsisubpart shafi, maintain'.records of 

J;! : production;expressed Jin sq m or sq f t as 

defined-ta>ll 413.11 *fbr the purpose/of 

. /determining compliance, with the effluent' 

:.; ^limitations in ft 413.15(a)r of this subpart 

; #J For the purpose of Vcorhplylng with the 

_>•;.; requirementsr of:.- this j paragraph, a-^discharger:maV_establish.a 'correlation be-

• tween area j plated andi another param*" 

., ;eter, such as ampere-hbursused'in plat--.' 

. ing. 

§ 413^.16 ::-."Prctre'atnlcnt'/'/etandard8.'V for 

incWaource*. 

The" pretreatment 'standartfs^uhder-

-:-/sVctiori'307(c) of .the Actfor;a;'source 

• \ '•'-withm'^the|;.elec.trop]ating: ..of ,-- copper* 

/^.nickei;^ chromlumrandj zincv\dri> ferrous 

and .nbnfefrous: materials,) subcategoryi 

^, :which is a user of a publicly, owned treaty 

ment works!:(a'nd which would be anew 

/ soiifce"subject to section 30; 

h if lt~were'-to discharge pollutants to. 

; [jnaVigable ^Tsaters) /j-shaH. be?, the, stand 

5 ardset: forth;ln 40.CFR Part'128; except 

f that,'for-the purpose' of tills-section, . 

TCFR1 '128,133. ':t^^\time^^i6:r^aa-. 

/ a s follows 

:rv'. addition "to. th e protlbltions" set f< 

£ In 40 OPR; 128.131, • the pretreatment stand-' 

j axd for Incompatible I pollutants In trodu'oed 

!.into a pubUclyjpwnedjtreatm«nt"worka ah7' 

jl be. the atandardv^oljpertonnarice'ftor ~h> 

I sources, specified In: 40: C^..4i3.1Sj;-provided 

? that," If th e publicly owned treatment works 

v-whlch iecelvea ,the pollutant*,la commit 

..- j'-tn lta::Nl>DE8 permlt4 toj remove.'S^apef' 

£ f percentage'; of any:i uicompaUbleVpollu 

'X t th e 1 pretreatnient^'ataridard'j applicable 

..i Quaere rot such .treatment works, shall/except 

'/in tke'<ia^;;pf:.BtariG'arfo:prw n o 

^discharge, of; poUutanta'r be correspondingly. 

i; 3 reduced In stringency for 'thatrjpouutam 

TPR r^c.74-7MttyHed/,3-2747*;8:45 jarr;] v 

-U% 

A 

\ FIDEIAC lEdirra* .yo^ a«, wo^ ti V/MAICM 21