Page	1

TITLE PAGE: VOLUME 1

CROP GROUPING PETITION – TROPICAL AND SUBTROPICAL FRUIT, 

INEDIBLE PEEL, 

TECHNICAL AMENDMENT (ADDITION) TO 40 CFR 180.41 (c) AND 180.1 (g)

(Abiu; Aisen; Akee apple; Atemoya; Avocado; Avocado, Guatemalan; 

Avocado, Mexican; Avocado, West Indian; Bacury; Bael fruit; Banana; 

Banana, dwarf; Binjai; Biriba; Breadfruit; Burmese grape; Canistel; Cat's-eyes; 

Champedak; Cherimoya; Cupuacú; Custard apple; Dragon fruit; Durian; 

Elephant-apple; Etambe; Granadilla; Granadilla, Giant; Ilama; Ingá, Jackfruit; 

Karuka; Kei apple; Langsat; Lanjut; Longan; Lucuma; Lychee; Mabolo; 

Madras-thorn; Mammy-apple; Manduro; Mango; Mango, horse; Mango, 

Saipan; Mangosteen; Marang; Marmalade-box; Matisia; Mesquite; Mongongo; 

Monkey-bread-tree; Monstera; Nicobar-breadfruit; Paho; Pandanus; Papaya; 

Passionflower, Winged-stem; Passionfruit; Passionfruit, Banana; Passionfruit, 

Purple; Passionfruit, Yellow; Pawpaw; Pawpaw, Small-flower; Pelipisan; 

Pequi; Pequia; Persimmon, American; Pineapple; Pitahaya; Pitaya; Pitaya 

Amarilla; Pitaya Roja; Pitaya, Yellow; Plantain; Pomegranate; Poshte; Prickly

pear; Prickly pear, Texas; Pulasan; Quandong; Rambutan; Saguaro; Sapodilla; 

Sapote, black; Sapote, green; Sapote, mamey; Sapote, white; Sataw; Satinleaf; 

Screw-pine; Sierra Leone-tamarind; Soncoya; Soursop; Spanish lime; Star 

apple; Sugar apple; Sun Sapote; Tamarind-of-the-Indies; Velvet Tamarind; 

Wampi; White star apple; Wild loquat)

AUTHORS

William P. Barney and Kathryn Homa

INTERREGIONAL RESEARCH PROJECT NO. 4

RUTGERS UNIVERSITY

500 COLLEGE ROAD EAST, 201W

PRINCETON, NJ 08540

New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station Publication

No. A - 27200-25-10, Supported by State, U.S. Hatch Act

and other U.S. Department of Agriculture funds.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE

TITLE PAGE: VOLUME 1 .............................................................................................................1

TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................................................................2

TECHNICAL AMENDMENT (ADDITION): ................................................................................3

PROPOSED AMENDMENT......................................................................................... 3

BACKGROUND ............................................................................................................ 6

CULTURAL INFORMATION ...................................................................................... 6

PEST PROBLEMS ......................................................................................................... 6

PROPOSED CROP GROUP.......................................................................................... 7

PROPOSED SUBGROUPS AND REPRESENTATIVE CROPS............................... 10

CROP DEFINITIONS .................................................................................................. 12

SUGGESTED INTERIM TOLERANCE EXPRESSIONS ......................................... 13

Table 1. Tolerances Established on Tropical and Subtropical Fruits, Inedible Peel .... 16

Table 2. Tropical Fruit and Subtropical Fruits, Inedible Peel Production in 2008...... 27

Table 3. Crop Group Comparisons, Tropical and Subtropical Fruits, Inedible Peel.... 28

ATTACHMENT 1. EXCEL SPREADSHEETS FOR SORTING SUBGROUPS ........................36

ATTACHMENT 2. SYMPOSIUM PROPOSAL ..........................................................................78

ATTACHMENT 3. REFERENCES .............................................................................................90

VOLUME 2. COMMODITY MONOGRAPHS

VOLUME 3. REFERENCES

VOLUME 4. REFERENCES
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TECHNICAL AMENDMENT (ADDITION):

40 CFR 180.41 (c)

IR-4 Project and the International Crop Grouping Consulting Committee (ICGCC)

propose an amendment (addition) to 40 CFR 180.41 (c), adding a new crop group – Tropical and 

Subtropical Fruits, Inedible Peel.

PROPOSED AMENDMENT

1. Add a new crop group in 40 CFR 180.41 (c) as “Tropical and Subtropical Fruits, Inedible Peel”.

2. Add the following 104 commodities in this new crop group:

1. Abiu, Pouteria caimito (Ruiz & Pav.) Radlk, (Sapotaceae)

2. Aisen, Boscia senegalensis (Pers.) Lam., (Capparaceae (also placed in Brassicaceae))

3. Akee apple, Blighia sapida K.D. Koenig, (Sapindaceae)

4. Atemoya, Annona cherimola Mill. X A. squamosa L., (Annonaceae)

5. Avocado, Persea americana Mill., (Lauraceae)

6. Avocado, Guatemalan, Persea americana Mill. var. guatemalensis, (Lauraceae)

7. Avocado, Mexican, Persea americana Mill. var. drymifolia (Schltdl. & Cham.) S. F. 

Blake, (Lauraceae)

8. Avocado, West Indian, Persea americana var. americana, (Lauraceae)

9. Bacury, Platonia insignis Mart., (Clusiaceae (alt. Guttiferae))

10. Bael fruit, Aegle marmelos (L.) Corrêa, (Rutaceae)

11. Banana, Musa spp. and hybrids, (Musaceae)

12. Banana, dwarf, Musa hybrids; Musa acuminata Colla, (Musaceae)

13. Binjai, Mangifera caesia Jack, (Anacardiaceae)

14. Biriba, Annona mucosa Jacq., (Annonaceae)

15. Breadfruit, Artocarpus altilis (Parkinson) Fosberg, (Moraceae)

16. Burmese grape, Baccaurea ramiflora Lour., (Phyllanthaceae (also placed in 

Euphorbiaceae))

17. Canistel, Pouteria campechiana (Kunth) Baehni, (Sapotaceae)

18. Cat's-eyes, Dimocarpus longan Lour. subsp. malesianus Leenh., (Sapindaceae)

19. Champedak, Artocarpus integer (Thunb.) Merr., (Moraceae)

20. Cherimoya, Annona cherimola Mill., (Annonaceae)

21. Cupuacú, Theobroma grandiflorum (Willd. Ex Spreng.) K. Schum., (Malvaceae (also 

placed in Sterculiaceae))

22. Custard apple, Annona reticulata L., (Annonaceae)

23. Dragon fruit, Hylocereus undatus (Haw.) Britton & Rose, (Cactaceae)

24. Durian, Durio zibethinus L., (Malvaceae (also placed in Bombacaceae, Durionaceae))

25. Elephant-apple, Limonia acidissima L., (Rutaceae)

26. Etambe, Mangifera zeylanica (Blume) Hook. F., (Anacardiaceae)

27. Granadilla, Passiflora ligularis Juss., (Passifloraceae)

28. Granadilla, Giant, Passiflora quadrangularis L., (Passifloraceae)

29. Ilama, Annona macroprophyllata Donn. Sm., (Annonaceae)

30. Ingá , Inga vera Willd. subsp. affinis (DC.) T. D. Penn., (Fabaceae (alt. Leguminosae) 

(also placed in Mimosaceae))
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31. Jackfruit, Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam., (Moraceae)

32. Jatobá, Hymenaea courbaril L., (Fabaceae (alt. Leguminosae) (also placed in 

Caesalpiniaceae))

33. Karuka, Pandanus julianettii Martelli, (Pandanaceae)

34. Kei apple, Dovyalis caffra (Hook. F. & Harv.) Warb., (Salicaceae (also placed in 

Flacourtiaceae))

35. Langsat, Lansium domesticum Corrêa, (Meliaceae)

36. Lanjut, Mangifera lagenifera Griff., (Anacardiaceae)

37. Longan, Dimocarpus longan Lour., (Sapindaceae)

38. Lucuma, Pouteria lucuma (Ruiz & Pav.) Kuntze, (Sapotaceae)

39. Lychee, Litchi chinensis Sonn., (Sapindaceae)

40. Mabolo, Diospyros blancoi A. DC., (Ebenaceae)

41. Madras-thorn, Pithecellobium dulce (Roxb.) Benth., (Fabaceae (alt. Leguminosae); (also 

placed in Mimosaceae))

42. Mammy-apple, Mammea americana L. Clusiaceae (alt. Guttiferae))

43. Manduro, Balanites maughamii Sprague, (Zygophyllaceae (also placed in 

Balanitaceae))

44. Mango, Mangifera indica L., (Anacardiaceae)

45. Mango, horse, Mangifera foetida Lour., (Anacardiaceae)

46. Mango, Saipan, Mangifera odorata Griff., (Anacardiaceae)

47. Mangosteen, Garcinia mangostana L., (Clusiaceae (alt. Guttiferae))

48. Marang, Artocarpus odoratissimus Blanco, (Moraceae)

49. Marmalade-box, Genipa americana L., (Rubiaceae)

50. Matisia, Matisia cordata Humb. & Bonpl., (Malvaceae (also placed in Bombacaceae))

51. Mesquite, Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC., (Fabaceae (alt. Leguminosae); (also placed in 

Mimosaceae))

52. Mongongo, Schinziophyton rautanenii (Schinz) Radcl.-Sm, (Euphorbiaceae)

53. Monkey-bread-tree, Adansonia digitata L., (Malvaceae (also placed in Bombacaceae))

54. Monstera, Monstera deliciosa Liebm., (Araceae)

55. Nicobar-breadfruit, Pandanus leram Jones ex Fontana, (Pandanaceae)

56. Paho, Mangifera altissima Blanco, (Anacardiaceae)

57. Pandanus, Pandanus utilis Bory, (Pandanaceae)

58. Papaya, Carica papaya L., (Caricaceae)

59. Passionflower, Winged-stem, Passiflora alata Curtis, (Passifloraceae)

60. Passionfruit, Passiflora edulis Sims, (Passifloraceae)

61. Passionfruit, Banana, Passiflora tripartita var. mollissima (Kunth) Holm-Niels. & P. 

Jorg., (Passifloraceae)

62. Passionfruit, Purple, Passiflora edulis Sims forma edulis, (Passifloraceae)

63. Passionfruit, Yellow, Passiflora edulis Sims forma flavicarpa O. Deg., (Passifloraceae)

64. Pawpaw, Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal, (Annonaceae)

65. Pawpaw, Small-flower, Asimina parviflora (Michx.) Dunal, (Annonaceae)

66. Pelipisan, Mangifera casturi Kosterm., (Anacardiaceae)

67. Pequi, Caryocar brasiliense Cambess, (Caryocaraceae)

68. Pequia, Caryocar villosum (Aubl.) Pers., (Caryocaraceae)
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69. Persimmon, American, Diospyros virginiana L., (Ebenaceae)

70. Pineapple, Ananas comosus (L.) Merr., (Bromeliaceae)

71. Pitahaya, Hylocereus polyrhizus, (Cactaceae)

72. Pitaya, Hylocereus sp. Including H. megalanthus, H. ocamponis and H. polychizus, 

(Cactaceae)

73. Pitaya Amarilla, Hylocereus triangularis, (Cactaceae)

74. Pitaya Roja, Hylocereus ocamponis, (Cactaceae)

75. Pitaya, Yellow, Hylocereus megalanthus (K. Schum. ex Vaupel) Ralf Bauer, 

(Cactaceae)

76. Plantain, Musa x paradisiaca L. (Musaceae)

77. Pomegranate, Punica granatum L. (Lythraceae (also placed in Punicaceae))

78. Poshte, Annona liebmanniana Baill. (Annonaceae)

79. Prickly pear, Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill. (Cactaceae)

80. Prickly pear, Texas, Opuntia engelmannii Salm-Dyck ex Engelm. var. lindheimeri

(Engelm.) B. D. Parfitt & Pinkava, (Cactaceae)

81. Pulasan, Nephelium ramboutan-ake (Labill.) Leenh., (Sapindaceae)

82. Quandong, Santalum acuminatum (R. Br.) DC., (Santalaceae)

83. Rambutan, Nephelium lappaceum L., (Sapindaceae)

84. Saguaro, Carnegiea gigantea (Engelm.) Britton & Rose, (Cactaceae)

85. Sapodilla, Manilkara zapota (L.) P. Royen, (Sapotaceae)

86. Sapote, black, Diospyros digyna Jacq., (Ebenaceae)

87. Sapote, green, Pouteria viridis (Pittier) Cronquist, (Sapotaceae)

88. Sapote, mamey, Pouteria sapota (Jacq.) H.E. Moore & Stearn, (Sapotaceae)

89. Sapote, white, Casimiroa edulis La Llave & Lex, (Rutaceae)

90. Sataw, Parkia speciosa Hassk., (Fabaceae (alt. Leguminosae); also placed in 

Mimosaceae)

91. Satinleaf, Chrysophyllum oliviforme L., (Sapotaceae)

92. Screw-pine, Pandanus tectorius Parkinson, (Pandanaceae)

93. Sierra Leone-tamarind, Dialium guineense Willd., (Fabaceae (alt. Leguminosae); (also 

placed in Caesalpiniaceae))

94. Soncoya, Annona purpurea Moc. & Sessé ex Dunal, (Annonaceae)

95. Soursop, Annona muricata L., (Annonaceae)

96. Spanish lime, Melicoccus bijugatus Jacq., (Sapindaceae)

97. Star apple, Chrysophyllum cainito L., (Sapotaceae)

98. Sugar apple, Annona squamosa L., (Annonaceae)

99. Sun Sapote, Licania platypus (Hemsl.) Fritsch, (Chrysobalanaceae)

100. Tamarind-of-the-Indies, Vangueria madagascariensis J. F. Gmel., (Rubiaceae)

101. Velvet Tamarind, Dialium indum L., (Fabaceae (alt. Leguminosae); (also placed in 

Caesalpiniaceae))

102. Wampi, Clausena lansium (Lour.) Skeels, (Rutaceae)

103. White star apple, Chrysophyllum albidum G. Don, (Sapotaceae)

104. Wild loquat, Uapaca kirkiana Müll. Arg., (Phyllanthaceae; (also placed in 

Euphorbiaceae, Uapacaceae))
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BACKGROUND

A tropical fruit is a fruit produced by a tree, shrub or vine native to the tropics. 

The tropics are generally defined as the region of the globe between the Tropic of Cancer 

and the Tropic of Capricorn. The environment of the tropics is warm to hot and humid 

year round, creating a unique habitat that results in trees, shrubs, and vines that grow 

nowhere else in the world. The sub-tropics are geographically located immediately north 

and south of the tropical zone and have climates much milder than temperate, northern 

zones.

Some tropical fruits are well known throughout the world and have been 

consumed for centuries. Some of these fruits include bananas, pomegranates, mangoes, 

papaya, avocados, pineapple, guavas, passionfruit and dates. Many of these fruits are 

available in markets year-round from a steady supply of fruit produced in the tropics and 

sub-tropics. Other tropical fruit are less well known, but are popular in specific countries 

or regions of the world. Other previously less well known fruit have recently become 

popular in the US. For example açaí fruit is now a popular health drink. 

CULTURAL INFORMATION

The majority of tropical fruits develop on trees or shrubs, while a small portion of 

tropical fruits grow on vines on trellises (for example, dragonfruit). Since tropical and 

subtropical fruits are grown in similar climates, these crops have similar production 

methods. The monographs in Volume 2 of this submission include cultivation details for 

each of the proposed tropical and subtropical crops.

PEST PROBLEMS

Environmental conditions in the tropics and sub-tropics are favorable for a wide 

range of weed, insect and plant diseases on a year-round basis. These diverse insects, 

weeds and pathogens often need to be controlled by herbicides, insecticides and 

fungicides. A crop group regulation would facilitate the establishment of pesticide 

tolerances on numerous pesticides that are needed to control a wide diversity of plant 

pests. 
Page	7

PROPOSED CROP GROUP

The Tropical and subtropical fruit, inedible peel proposal was initiated at the 

USDA/IR-4 Crop Grouping Symposium in Washington, DC, October 2002 (see 

Attachment 2 for Symposium proposal). This workgroup was Chaired by Michael 

Braverman (IR-4) and Co-Chaired by Jonathan Crane (University of Florida), Nancy 

Dodd (EPA), Will Donovan (EPA), Edith Lurvey (IR-4) and Maria Rodriguez (EPA).

This new crop group was further discussed and developed within the Tropical 

Fruit, Inedible Peel Workgroup of the International Crop Grouping Consulting 

Committee (ICGCC), which consisted of 62 U.S. crop or regulatory experts from 

agriculture commodity groups, universities, agrichemical industry, IR-4 Project, USDA, 

and EPA, and also 33 international crop or regulatory experts representing over 30 

countries. The Workgroup discussed and validated each of the proposed commodities. 

Kathryn Homa (author, IR-4) then updated and developed commodity monographs 

(Volume 2 of this submission) as supporting data. A list of references is provided at the 

end of the monographs. Copies of partial references are included as Volumes 3 and 4???

of this submission.

An important aspect of developing this new crop group was the harmonization 

with the Codex Crop Classification of Foods and Animal Feeds. The Codex 

classification system is currently under revision with many proposed tropical fruit 

additions. The IR-4/EPA Crop Grouping Working Group and the ICGCC are making 

every effort to collaborate with the revision of the Codex crop classification. In the 

current Codex Crop Classification of Foods and Animal Feeds, assorted tropical and subtropical fruits – inedible peel are included in Group 006 which is classified in Type 01 

Fruits. The IR-4/ICGCC submission will be forwarded to the Codex Electronic Working 

Group for the revision of the Codex Classification of Foods and Animal Feeds. This 

submission includes many of the recently proposed additions of tropical fruits, inedible 

peel to the Codex classification. The inclusion of tropical fruits with inedible peels will 

ultimately benefit US growers in exporting commodities that would have Codex MRLS 

established based on a harmonized tropical and subtropical fruits, inedible peel crop 

group. 

Four proposed tropical fruits with an inedible peel from the palm family 

((Arecaceae (alt. Palmae)) were rejected from consideration from the inedible peel crop 

group either because none of the commodities met the criteria for a representative 

commodity or there was no production in the US. These rejected tropical fruits include: 

(1) Guriri (Allagoptera arenaria (Gomes) Kuntze); (2) Muriti (Mauritia flexuosa L.f.); 

(3) Palmyra palm (Borassus flabellifer L.) and (4) Salak (Salacca zalacca (Gaertn.) 

Voss). Crop monographs were written, but these commodities are proposed to remain as 

miscellaneous commodities.
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Some proposed tropical fruits with an inedible peel (ceibillo, Florida gooseberry, 

marolo, pindaiba, tucum palm and umari) were also rejected from consideration from the 

crop group either because there was not enough information available to properly classify 

them into crop groups and subgroups or they are rarely cultivated.

Table 1 (Tolerances established on Tropical and Subtropical Fruits, Inedible Peel, 

pages 15-25 of this volume) shows the existing US, Codex and EU tolerances for Tropical 

and Subtropical fruits with an inedible peel. The majority of these tolerances are US and 

EU tolerances and it should be noted that over 80% of the US tolerances are tolerances 

for those commodities which are included in the inedible peel crop definitions as follows: 

General 

commodity 

Specific Commodities Included 

in Definition Comments 

Sugar Apple 

sugar apple, cherimoya, atemoya, 

custard apple ilama, soursop, 

biriba 

All crops in the Annonaceae ; similar gross 

morphology; inedible peel 

Lychee lychee, longan, Spanish lime, 

rambutan, pulasan All crops in the Sapindaceae ; inedible peel 

Papaya 

papaya, star apple, black sapote, 

mango, sapodilla, canistel, 

mamey sapote 

All crops have inedible peel; corresponds 

to Codex classification 

Avocado 

avocado, papaya, star apple, 

black sapote, mango, sapodilla, 

canistel, mamey sapote 

All crops have inedible peel; corresponds 

to Codex classification 

Banana Banana, plantain 

Table 2 (Tropical and Subtropical Fruit, Inedible Peel Production in 2008, page 

26 of this volume) shows the production (2008) of Tropical and Subtropical fruits, 

inedible peel from the FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations) 

website. Production of the majority of these crops occurs predominantly in tropical 

regions rather than in the US. 

Table 3 (Crop Group Comparisons – Tropical and Subtropical Fruits, Inedible 

Peel , pages 28-35 of this volume) shows a comparison of the classification of tropical 

fruits from the Codex Classification with both the proposed US grouping and the EU crop 

regulation. Most of the proposed additions to the Codex Classification have been

included in the proposed new US crop group.
Page	9

The new Tropical and Subtropical fruits, inedible peel, crop group consists of a 

diverse group of plants from many plant families. Within this group, fruit size ranges

from an approximate diameter of 1 centimeter (fruit of satinleaf, Chrysophyllum 

oliviforme L.) to 50 centimeters (fruit of jackfruit, Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.). In 

addition to size, the peel texture of tropical and subtropical fruit varies from a smooth 

peel (banana, Musa spp.; mango, Mangifera indica L.; papaya, Carica papaya L. and 

pomegranate, Punica granatum L.) to a knobby, (atemoya, Annona cherimola Mill. X A. 

squamosa L.), bumpy (breadfruit, Artocarpus altilis (Parkinson) Fosberg) or spiny

(rambutan, Nephelium lappaceum L.) peel. 

Many publications have documented the relationship between surface area and 

mass of a commodity and pesticide residues (Maclachlan, D.J. and D. Hamilton, 2010; 

Ripley, B.D., G.M. Ritcey, R. Harris, M.A. Denomme, L. Lissemore, 2003; Matsumura, 

F., G.M. Boush, T. Misato, eds., 1972; Schneider, B., 2002). In general, the smaller the 

object, the larger the ratio of surface area to weight. For example, pesticide deposits on 

grapes can be expected to be about 3X the pesticide deposit on apples due to the higher 

surface area per unit weight (Bates, 1990). Chili peppers are also often cited as an 

example. Because of their size, they normally have a higher residue than sweet peppers 

(with the same GAP) and are likely to drive a tolerance or MRL for peppers. There is 

also indication that surface area/mass ratio plays a more important role on pesticide 

deposits than pubescence/serration present on surfaces (Sundaram, 1991). Because of 

this commodities in the proposed new crop group were first sorted by size and then by 

peel texture.

To classify tropical and subtropical fruits into groups (edible versus inedible peel) 

and subgroups, Excel spreadsheets (for examples see Attachment 1) were developed to be 

able to sort commodities with common characteristics. These spreadsheets include 

information regarding the common name, scientific name, taxonomic family name, 

production in the US, fruit shape, maximum radius (cm) and maximum height (cm) from 

the literature, calculated volume, calculated surface area, surface area to mass (volume) 

ratio, texture description and peel texture (see Attachment 1). These spreadsheets 

allowed the sorting of commodities into small versus medium to large fruit and also 

smooth peel versus a rough or hairy peel. Fruit that were described in the literature as 

small fruit generally had a surface area/mass (volume) ratio of >1.5:1; so this criteria was 

used to separate small versus medium to large fruit (surface area/mass (volume) ratio of 

≤1.5:1).

Sorting the spreadsheets based on both fruit size (surface area/mass (volume) 

ratio) and also peel texture resulted in subgroups that were supported by appropriate 

representative commodities. In addition, subgroups were developed for unique groups of 

plants (cactus and vines). The proposed tropical and subtropical fruits, inedible peel crop 

group is shown on page 11. 
Page	

10

Based on the above background and the input from the International Crop 

Grouping Consulting Committee (ICGCC), IR-4 and the ICGCC propose that the tropical 

and subtropical Fruits, Inedible Peel crop group be established as a new crop group. Five

subgroups are proposed: (1) Subgroup 22A. Tropical and Subtropical, Small Fruit, 

Inedible Peel Subgroup; (2) Subgroup 22B. Tropical and Subtropical, Medium to Large 

Fruits, Smooth, Inedible Peel Subgroup; (3) Subgroup 21C. Tropical and Subtropical, 

Medium to Large Fruit, Rough or Hairy, Inedible Peel Subgroup; (4) Subgroup 21D. 

Tropical and Subtropical, Inedible Peel, Cactus Subgroup and (5) Subgroup 21E. 

Tropical and Subtropical, Inedible Peel, Vine Subgroup. 

Selection of representative commodities should be based on a representative 

commodity that is most likely to (1) contain the highest residues; (2) be major in terms of 

production and/or consumption and (3) similar in morphology, growth habit, pest 

problems and edible portion to the related commodities within a group or subgroup. 

Based on these criteria, one representative commodity is proposed (lychee) for Subgroup 

22A; two representative commodities (avocado and pomegrante) are proposed for 

Subgroup 22B; two representative commodities (atemoya and pineapple) are proposed 

for Subgroup 22C; two representative commodities (dragon fruit and prickly pear) are 

proposed for Subgroup 22D and one representative commodity (passionfruit) is proposed 

for Subgroup 22E. A crop group regulation would benefit growers and consumers, save 

considerable taxpayer’s money on residue studies, save time for government agencies on 

review of residue data and facilitate the establishment of import tolerances. 

PROPOSED SUBGROUPS AND REPRESENTATIVE CROPS

Subgroup 22A. Tropical and Subtropical, Small Fruit, Inedible Peel 

Subgroup

Proposed Representative Crop: Lychee

Subgroup 22B. Tropical and Subtropical, Medium to Large Fruit, Smooth, 

Inedible Peel Subgroup

Proposed Representative Crops: Avocado and Pomegranate

Subgroup 22C. Tropical and Subtropical, Medium to Large Fruit, Rough 

or Hairy, Inedible Peel Subgroup

Proposed Representative Crop: Atemoya and Pineapple

Subgroup 22D. Tropical and Subtropical, Inedible Peel, Cactus Subgroup

Proposed Representative Crop: Dragon fruit and Prickly pear

Subgroup 22E. Tropical and Subtropical, Inedible Peel, Vine Subgroup

Proposed Representative Crop: Passionfruit
Page	

11

Proposed Crop Subgroups:

Crop Group / 

Subgroup

Potential 

Rep. 

Commodities Proposed Commodities

22A. Tropical and 

Subtropical, Small 

Fruit, Inedible Peel 

Subgroup

Lychee Aisen; Bael fruit; Burmese grape; Cat’s eyes; Ingá; Lychee; Madras-thorn; Manduro; 

Matisia; Mesquite; Mongongo; Pawpaw, small-flower; Satinleaf; Sierra Leone-tamarind; 

Spanish lime; Velvet tamarind; Wampi; White star apple

22B. Tropical and 

Subtropical, Medium to 

Large Fruit, Smooth, 

Inedible Peel Subgroup

Avocado and 

Pomegranate

Abiu; Akee apple; Avocado; Avocado, Guatemalan; Avocado, Mexican; Avocado, West 

Indian; Bacury; Banana; Banana, dwarf; Binjai; Canistel; Cupuacú; Etambe; Jatobá; 

Kei apple; Langstat; Lanjut; Lucuma; Mabolo; Mango; Mango, horse; Mango, Saipan; 

Mangosteen; Paho; Papaya; Pawpaw; Pelipisan; Pequi; Pequia; Persimmon, American; 

Plantain; Pomegranate; Poshte; Quandong; Sapote, black; Sapote, green; Sapote, white; 

Sataw; Screw-pine; Star apple; Tamarind-of-the-Indies; Wild loquat

22C. Tropical and 

Subtropical, Medium to 

Large Fruit, Rough or 

Hairy, Inedible Peel 

Subgroup

Atemoya and 

Pineapple

Atemoya; Biriba; Breadfruit; Champedak; Cherimoya; Custard apple; Durian; Elephantapple; Ilama; Jackfruit; Karuka; Longan; Mammy-apple; Marmalade-box; Marang; 

Monkey-bread tree; Nicobar-breadfruit; Pandanus; Pineapple; Pulasan; Rambutan; 

Sapodilla; Sapote, mamey; Soncoya; Soursop; Sugar apple; Sun sapote

22D. Tropical and 

Subtropical, Inedible 

Peel, Cactus Subgroup

Dragon fruit 

and Prickly

pear

Dragon fruit; Pitahaya; Pitaya; Pitaya Amarilla; Pitaya Roja; Pitaya, yellow; Prickly

pear; Prickly pear, Texas; Saguaro

22E. Tropical and 

Subtropical, Inedible 

Peel, Vine Subgroup

Passionfruit Granadilla; Granadilla, Giant; Monstera; Passionflower, Winged-stem; Passionfruit; 

Passionfruit, banana; Passionfruit, purple; Passionfruit, yellow

Small fruit = Surface Area/Mass (Volume) of >1.5:1. Medium to Large Fruit = Surface Area/Mass (Volume) of ≤1.5:1.
Page	

12

CROP DEFINITIONS

The current crop definitions for tropical and subtropical fruit with inedible peel 

are proposed to be removed because these commodities will be included in the 

appropriate subgroups (except that banana is proposed for an expanded crop definition –

see below).

General 

commodity 

Specific Commodities Included 

in Definition Comments 

Sugar Apple 

sugar apple, cherimoya, atemoya, 

custard apple ilama, soursop, 

biriba 

All crops in the Annonaceae ; similar gross 

morphology; inedible peel 

Lychee lychee, longan, Spanish lime, 

rambutan, pulasan All crops in the Sapindaceae ; inedible peel 

Papaya 

papaya, star apple, black sapote, 

mango, sapodilla, canistel, 

mamey sapote 

All crops have inedible peel; corresponds 

to Codex classification 

Avocado 

avocado, papaya, star apple, 

black sapote, mango, sapodilla, 

canistel, mamey sapote 

All crops have inedible peel; corresponds 

to Codex classification 

Banana Banana, plantain 

However, crop definitions are proposed for avocado, passionfruit and banana that 

include many of the closely related species and varieties. The following are the proposed 

crop definitions for Tropical and Subtropical Fruit, Inedible Peel:

A B

Avocado

(Persea americana

Mill.)

Avocado (Persea americana Mill.); Avocado, Guatemalan (Persea 

americana Mill. var. guatemalensis); Avocado, Mexican (Persea 

americana Mill. var. drymifolia (Schltdl. & Cham.) S. F. Blake); 

Avocado, West Indian (Persea americana var. americana)

Passionfruit

(Passiflora edulis

Sims)

Passionfruit (Passiflora edulis Sims); Passionfruit, Purple (Passiflora

edulis Sims forma edulis); Passionfruit, Yellow (Passiflora edulis Sims 

forma flavicarpa O. Deg.)

Banana (Musa spp.) Banana (Musa spp.); Banana, Dwarf (Musa hybrids; Musa acuminata

Colla); Plantain (Musa x paradisiaca L. )
Page	

13

SUGGESTED INTERIM TOLERANCE EXPRESSIONS

Until the new crop group is published in 40 CFR, the author suggests that the 

Minor Use Branch of the Registration Division and the ChemSAC, EPA/OPP approve 

the proposed crop group and establish following interim tolerance expressions to be used 

in tolerance petitions:

Tolerance expression for Tropical and Subtropical Fruit, Inedible Peel Crop Group:

Commodities:

Abiu

Aisen

Akee apple

Atemoya

Avocado

Avocado, Guatemalan

Avocado, Mexican

Avocado, West Indian

Bacury

Bael fruit

Banana

Banana, dwarf

Binjai

Biriba

Breadfruit

Burmese grape

Canistel

Cat's-eyes

Champedak

Cherimoya

Cupuacú

Custard apple

Dragon fruit

Durian

Elephant-apple

Etambe

Granadilla

Granadilla, Giant

Ilama

Ingá

Jackfruit

Jatobá

Karuka

Kei apple

Langsat
Page	

14

Lanjut

Longan

Lucuma

Lychee

Mabolo

Madras-thorn

Mammy-apple

Manduro

Mango

Mango, horse

Mango, Saipan

Mangosteen

Marang

Marmalade-box

Matisia

Mesquite

Mongongo (fruit)

Monkey-bread-tree

Monstera

Nicobar-breadfruit

Paho

Pandanus

Papaya

Passionflower, Winged-stem

Passionfruit

Passionfruit, Banana

Passionfruit, Purple

Passionfruit, Yellow

Pawpaw

Pawpaw, Small-flower

Pelipisan

Pequi

Pequia

Persimmon, American

Pineapple

Pitahaya

Pitaya

Pitaya Amarilla

Pitaya Roja

Pitaya, Yellow

Plantain

Pomegranate

Poshte

Prickly pear
Page	

15

Prickly pear, Texas

Pulasan

Quandong

Rambutan

Saguaro

Sapodilla

Sapote, black

Sapote, green

Sapote, mamey

Sapote, white

Sataw

Satinleaf

Screw-pine

Sierra Leone-tamarind

Soncoya

Soursop

Spanish lime

Star apple

Sugar apple

Sun Sapote

Tamarind-of-the-Indies

Velvet Tamarind

Wampi

White star apple

Wild loquat
Page	

16

Table 1. Tolerances Established on Tropical and Subtropical Fruits, Inedible Peel

(FASonline: mrldatabase.com; tolerances as of September 8, 2010)

Commodity Compound US (ppm) Codex (ppm) EU (ppm)

Atemoya Azoxystrobin 2 -- --

Atemoya Bifenazate 1.6 -- --

Atemoya Buprofezin 0.3 -- --

Atemoya Carfentrazone-ethyl 0.1 -- --

Atemoya Chlorantraniliprole 4 -- --

Atemoya Glyphosate 0.2 -- --

Atemoya Imidacloprid 0.3 -- --

Atemoya Mancozeb 3 -- --

Atemoya Menfenoxam 0.2 -- --

Atemoya Pyriproxyfen 0.2 -- --

Atemoya Spiinetoram 0.3 -- --

Atemoya Spinosad 0.3 -- --

Avocado Abamectin 0.02 -- 0.01

Avocado Azoxystrobin 2 -- 0.05

Avocado Bifenazate 7 -- 0.01

Avocado Boscalid 1.5 -- 0.05

Avocado Buprofezin 0.3 -- 0.05

Avocado Carfentrazone-ethyl 0.1 -- 0.01

Avocado Chlorantraniliprole 4 -- 0.01

Avocado Cyprodinil 1.2 -- 0.05

Avocado d-Phenothrin 0.01 -- 0.05

Avocado Fenpropathrin 1 -- 0.01

Avocado Fludioxonil 0.45 -- 0.05

Avocado Fluridone 0.1 -- --

Avocado Fosetyl-Al 25 -- 50

Avocado Glyphosate 0.2 -- 0.1

Avocado Imidacloprid 1 -- 1

Avocado Inorganic bromide 75 75 50

Avocado Malathion 8 -- 0.02

Avocado Metalaxyl 4 0.2 0.05

Avocado Methomyl 2 -- 0.05

Avocado Methoxyfenozide 0.6 0.7 0.02

Avocado Norflurazon 0.2 -- --

Avocado Oryzalin 0.05 -- 0.01

Avocado Oxyfluorfen 0.05 -- 0.05

Avocado Paraquat dichloride 0.05 0.01 0.02

Avocado Permethrin 1 -- 0.05

Avocado Phosphine 0.01 -- 0.05

Avocado Pyraclostrobin 0.6 -- 0.02
Page	

17

Table 1. Tolerances Established on Tropical and Subtropical Fruits, Inedible Peel

(continued)

(FASonline: mrldatabase.com; tolerances as of September 8, 2010)

Commodity Compound US (ppm) Codex (ppm) EU (ppm)

Avocado Pyriproxyfen 1 -- 0.05

Avocado Simazine 0.2 -- 0.1

Avocado Spinetoram 0.3 -- 0.05

Avocado Spinosad 0.3 -- 0.02

Avocado Spirodiclofen 1 -- 0.02

Banana Azoxystrobin 2 2 2

Banana Buprofezin 0.2 -- 0.5

Banana Carbaryl 5 -- 0.05

Banana Carfentrazone-ethyl 0.2 -- 0.01

Banana Chlorantraniliprole 4 -- 0.01

Banana Chlorothalonil 0.5 0.01 0.2

Banana Chlorpyrifos 0.1 2 3

Banana d-Phenothrin 0.01 -- 0.05

Banana Diuron 0.1 -- 0.1

Banana Dodine 0.5 -- 0.2

Banana Ethoprop 0.02 0.02 0.02

Banana Fenbuconazole 0.3 0.05 0.05

Banana Fosetyl-Al 3 -- 2

Banana Glufosinate-ammonium 0.2 0.2 0.2

Banana Glyphosate 0.2 0.05 0.1

Banana Imazalil 3 2 2

Banana Imidacloprid 0.5 0.05 0.05

Banana Mancozeb 0.5 2 2

Banana Maneb 4 2 2

Banana Myclobutanil 4 2 2

Banana Oxamyl 0.3 -- 0.01

Banana Oxyfluorfen 0.05 -- 0.05

Banana Paraquat dichloride 0.05 0.01 0.02

Banana Phosphine 0.01 -- 0.05

Banana Propiconazole 0.2 0.1 0.1

Banana Pyraclostrobin 0.04 0.02 0.02

Banana Pyrimethanil 0.1 0.1 0.1

Banana Pyriproxyfen 0.2 -- 0.05

Banana Spinetoram 0.25 -- 0.05

Banana Spinosad 0.25 -- 0.02

Banana Tebuconazole 0.05 0.05 0.05

Banana Terbufos 0.025 0.05 0.05

Banana Thiabendazole 3 5 5

Banana Thiophanate-methyl 2 0.2 0.1
Page	

18

Table 1. Tolerances Established on Tropical and Subtropical Fruits, Inedible Peel 

(continued)

(FASonline: mrldatabase.com; tolerances as of September 8, 2010)

Commodity Compound US (ppm) Codex (ppm) EU (ppm)

Cherimoya Azoxystrobin 2 -- 0.05

Cherimoya Bifenazate 1.6 -- 0.01

Cherimoya Buprofezin 0.3 -- 0.05

Cherimoya Carfentrazone-ethyl 0.1 -- 0.01

Cherimoya Chlorantraniliprole 4 -- 0.01

Cherimoya Glyphosate 0.2 -- 0.1

Cherimoya Imidacloprid 0.3 -- 0.05

Cherimoya Mancozeb 3 -- 0.05

Cherimoya Pyriproxyfen 0.2 -- 0.05

Cherimoya Spinetoram 0.3 -- 0.05

Cherimoya Spinosad 0.3 -- 0.02

Custard Apple Azoxystrobin 2 -- 0.05

Custard Apple Bifenazate 1.6 -- 0.01

Custard Apple Buprofezin 0.3 -- 0.05

Custard Apple Carfentrazone-ethyl 0.1 -- 0.01

Custard Apple Chlorantraniliprole 4 -- 0.01

Custard Apple Glyphosate 0.2 -- 0.1

Custard Apple Imidacloprid 0.3 -- 0.05

Custard Apple Mancozeb 3 -- 0.05

Custard Apple Mefenoxam 0.2 -- 0.05

Custard Apple Pyriproxyfen 0.2 -- 0.05

Custard Apple Spinetoram 0.3 -- 0.05

Custard Apple Spinosad 0.3 -- 0.02

Durian Glyphosate 0.2 -- 0.1

Jackfruit Azoxystrobin 2 -- 0.05

Jackfruit Glyphosate 0.2 -- 0.1

Longan Azoxystrobin 2 -- --

Longan Bifenazate 5 -- --

Longan Carfentrazone-ethyl 0.1 -- --

Longan Chlorantraniliprole 4 -- --

Longan Cyprodinil 2 -- --

Longan Fludioxonil 1 -- --

Longan Glyphosate 0.2 -- --

Longan Imidacloprid 3 -- --

Longan Methoxyfenozide 2 -- --

Longan Spinetoram 0.3 -- --

Longan Spinosad 0.3 -- --
Page	

19

Table 1. Tolerances Established on Tropical and Subtropical Fruits, Inedible Peel 

(continued)

(FASonline: mrldatabase.com; tolerances as of September 8, 2010)

Commodity Compound US (ppm) Codex (ppm) EU (ppm)

Lychee Azoxystrobin 2 -- 0.05

Lychee Bifenazate 5 -- 0.01

Lychee Buprofezin 0.3 -- 0.05

Lychee Carfentazone-ethyl 0.1 -- 0.01

Lychee Chlorantraniliprole 2 -- 0.01

Lychee Chlorothalonil 15 -- 0.01

Lychee Cyprodinil 2 -- 0.05

Lychee Fludioxonil 1 -- 0.05

Lychee Glyphosate 0.2 -- 0.1

Lychee Imidacloprid 3 -- 0.05

Lychee Methoxyfenozide 2 -- 0.02

Lychee Pyriproxyfen 0.3 -- 0.05

Lychee Spinetoram 0.3 -- 0.05

Lychee Spinosad 0.3 -- 0.02

Lychee Tebuconazole 1.6 -- 0.05

Mango Azoxystrobin 2 0.7 0.7

Mango Bifenazate 7 -- 0.01

Mango Boscalid 1.5 -- 0.05

Mango Buprofezin 0.9 0.1 0.1

Mango Carfentrazone-ethyl 0.1 -- 0.01

Mango Chlorantraniliprole 4 -- 0.01

Mango Chlorothalonil 1 -- 0.01

Mango Cyprodinil 1.2 -- 0.05

Mango d-Phenothrin 0.01 -- 0.05

Mango Fenpropathrin 1 -- 0.01

Mango Fludioxonil 0.45 -- 0.05

Mango Glyphosate 0.2 -- 0.1

Mango Imidacloprid 1 0.2 0.2

Mango Inorganic bromide 20 20 50

Mango Malathion 8 -- 0.02

Mango Mancozeb 15 2 2

Mango Mefenoxam 0.4 -- 0.05

Mango Methidathion 0.05 -- 0.02

Mango Methoxyfenozide 0.6 -- 0.02

Mango Myclobutanil 3 -- 0.02

Mango Phosphine 0.01 -- 0.05

Mango Piperonly Butoxide 8 -- --

Mango Pyraclostrobin 0.6 0.05 0.05

Mango Pyrethrins 1 -- 1
Page	

20

Table 1. Tolerances Established on Tropical and Subtropical Fruits, Inedible Peel 

(continued)

(FASonline: mrldatabase.com; tolerances as of September 8, 2010)

Commodity Compound US (ppm) Codex (ppm) EU (ppm)

Mango Pyridaben 0.1 -- 0.5

Mango Pyriproxyfen 1 -- 0.05

Mango Spinetoram 0.3 -- 0.05

Mango Spinosad 0.3 -- 0.02

Mango Spirodiclofen 1 -- 0.02

Mango Tebuconazole 0.15 -- 0.1

Mango Thiabendazole 10 5 5

Mango Thiamethoxam 0.4 -- 0.5

Mango Trifloxystrobin 0.7 -- 0.5

Mango Triflumizole 2.5 -- 0.1

Mangosteen Glyphosate 0.2 -- 0.1

Papaya Azoxystrobin 2 0.3 0.3

Papaya Bifenazate 7 -- 0.01

Papaya Boscalid 1.5 -- 0.05

Papaya Buprofezin 0.9 -- 0.05

Papaya Carfentrazone-ethyl 0.1 -- 0.01

Papaya Chlorantraniliprole 2 -- 0.01

Papaya Chlorothalonil 15 -- 20

Papaya Cyprodinil 1.2 -- 0.05

Papaya d-Phenothrin 0.01 -- 0.05

Papaya Diuron 0.5 -- 0.1

Papaya Fenbutatin-oxide 2 -- 0.05

Papaya Fenpropathrin 1 -- 0.01

Papaya Fludioxonil 0.45 -- 0.05

Papaya Glyphosate 0.2 -- 0.1

Papaya Imidacloprid 1 -- 0.05

Papaya Inorganic bromide 20 20 50

Papaya Malathion 1 -- 0.02

Papaya Mancozeb 10 5 7

Papaya Maneb 10 5 7

Papaya Mefenoxam 0.4 -- 0.05

Papaya Methoxyfenozide 0.6 1 0.02

Papaya Myclobutanil 3 -- 0.02

Papaya Paraquat dichloride 0.05 0.01 0.02

Papaya Phosphine 0.01 -- 0.05

Papaya Pyraclostrobin 0.6 0.05 0.05

Papaya Pyridaben 0.1 -- 0.5

Papaya Pyriproxyfen 1 -- 0.05

Papaya Spinetoram 0.3 -- 0.05

Papaya Spinosad 0.3 -- 0.5
Page	

21

Table 1. Tolerances Established on Tropical Fruits – Inedible Peel (continued)

(FASonline: mrldatabase.com; tolerances as of September 8, 2010)

Commodity Compound US (ppm) Codex (ppm) EU (ppm)

Papaya Spirodiclofen 1 0.03 0.02

Papaya Thiabendazole 5 10 10

Papaya Thiamethoxam 0.4 -- 0.05

Papaya Trifloxystrobin 0.7 -- 1

Papaya Triflumizole 2.5 -- 0.1

Pawpaw Azoxystrobin 2 0.3 --

Pawpaw Carfentrazone-ethyl 0.1 -- --

Pawpaw Cyprodinil 2 -- --

Pawpaw d-Phenothrin 0.01 -- --

Pawpaw Fluazifop 0.05 -- --

Pawpaw Fluridone 0.1 -- --

Pawpaw Glyphosate 0.2 -- --

Pawpaw Pyriproxyfen 1 -- --

Pineapple Ametryn 0.05 -- --

Pineapple Bromacil 0.1 -- --

Pineapple Carbaryl 2 -- 0.05

Pineapple Chlorantraniliprole 1.5 -- 0.01

Pineapple d-Phenothrin 0.01 -- 0.05

Pineapple Diazinon 0.5 0.1 0.3

Pineapple Diuron 0.1 -- 0.1

Pineapple Endosulfan 1 -- 0.05

Pineapple EPTC 0.1 -- 0.05

Pineapple Ethephon 2 2 2

Pineapple Ethoprop 0.02 -- 0.02

Pineapple Fosetyl-Al 0.1 -- 50

Pineapple Glyphosate 0.1 -- 0.1

Pineapple Hexazinone 0.6 -- --

Pineapple Hydramethylnon 0.05 -- --

Pineapple Inorganic bromide 20 20 50

Pineapple Malathion 8 -- 0.02

Pineapple Metalaxyl 0.1 -- 0.05

Pineapple O-phenylphenol 10 -- --

Pineapple Oxamyl 1 -- 0.01

Pineapple Paraquat dichloride 0.05 0.01 0.02

Pineapple Piperonyl Butoxide 8 -- --

Pineapple Propiconazole 4.5 0.02 0.05

Pineapple Pyrethrins 1 -- 1

Pineapple Pyriproxyfen 0.3 -- 0.05

Pineapple Spinetoram 0.04 -- 0.05

Pineapple Spinosad 0.02 -- 0.02
Page	

22

Table 1. Tolerances Established on Tropical Fruits – Inedible Peel (continued)

(FASonline: mrldatabase.com; tolerances as of September 8, 2010)

Commodity Compound US (ppm) Codex (ppm) EU (ppm)

Pineapple Triadimefon 2 5 3

Pineapple Triflumizole 4 -- 0.1

Plantain Azoxystrobin 2 -- 2

Plantain Buprofezin 0.2 -- 0.5

Plantain Carbaryl 5 -- 0.05

Plantain Carfentrazone-ethyl 0.2 -- 0.01

Plantain Chlorantraniliprole 4 -- 0.01

Plantain Chlorothalonil 0.5 -- 0.2

Plantain Chlorpyrifos 0.1 -- 3

Plantain d-Phenothrin 0.01 -- 0.05

Plantain Diuron 0.1 -- 0.1

Plantain Dodine 0.5 -- 0.2

Plantain Ethoprop 0.02 -- 0.02

Plantain Fenbuconazole 0.3 -- 0.05

Plantain Fosetyl-Al 3 -- 2

Plantain Glufosinate-ammonium 0.2 0.05 0.2

Plantain Glyphosate 0.2 -- 0.1

Plantain Imazalil 3 -- 2

Plantain Imidacloprid 0.5 -- 0.05

Plantain Mancozeb 0.5 -- 2

Plantain Maneb 4 -- 2

Plantain Myclobutanil 4 -- 2

Plantain Oxamyl 0.3 -- 0.01

Plantain Oxyfluorfen 0.05 -- 0.05

Plantain Paraquat dichloride 0.05 0.01 0.02

Plantain Phosphine 0.01 -- 0.05

Plantain Propiconazole 0.2 -- 0.1

Plantain Pyraclostrobin 0.04 -- 0.02

Plantain Pyrimethanil 0.1 -- 0.1

Plantain Pyriproxyfen 0.2 -- 0.05

Plantain Spinetoram 0.25 -- 0.05

Plantain Spinosad 0.25 -- 0.02

Plantain Tebuconazole 0.05 -- 0.05

Plantain Terbufos 0.025 -- 0.05

Plantain Thiabendazole 3 -- 5

Plantain Thiophanate-methyl 2 -- 0.1
Page	

23

Table 1. Tolerances Established on Tropical Fruits – Inedible Peel (continued)

(FASonline: mrldatabase.com; tolerances as of September 8, 2010)

Commodity Compound US (ppm) Codex (ppm) EU (ppm)

Pomegranate Buprofezin 1.9 -- 0.05

Pomegranate Carfentrazone-ethyl 0.1 -- 0.01

Pomegranate Chlorantraniliprole 4 -- 0.01

Pomegranate Clothianidin 0.2 -- 0.02

Pomegranate Fenhexamid 2 -- 0.05

Pomegranate Fludioxonil 5 -- 3

Pomegranate Glyphosate 0.2 -- 0.1

Pomegranate Imidacloprid 0.9 1 1

Pomegranate Inorganic bromide 100 20 50

Pomegranate Methomyl 0.2 -- 0.05

Pomegranate Methoxyfenozide 0.6 -- 0.02

Pomegranate Oryzalin 0.05 -- 0.01

Pomegranate Oxyfluorfen 0.05 -- 0.05

Pomegranate Pendimethalin 0.1 -- 0.05

Pomegranate Pyriproxyfen 0.2 -- 0.05

Pomegranate Spinetoram 0.3 -- 0.05

Pomegranate Spinosad 0.3 -- 0.02

Sapodilla Azoxystrobin 2 -- --

Sapodilla Bifenazate 7 -- --

Sapodilla Boscalid 1.5 -- --

Sapodilla Buprofezin 0.9 -- --

Sapodilla Carfentrazone-ethyl 0.1 -- --

Sapodilla Chlorantraniliprole 4 -- --

Sapodilla Cyprodinil 1.2 -- --

Sapodilla Fenpropathrin 1 -- --

Sapodilla Fludioxonil 0.45 -- --

Sapodilla Glyphosate 0.2 -- --

Sapodilla Imidacloprid 1 -- --

Sapodilla Mancozeb 15 -- --

Sapodilla Mefenoxam 0.4 -- --

Sapodilla Methoxyfenozide 0.6 -- --

Sapodilla Myclobutanil 3 -- --

Sapodilla Pyraclostrobin 0.6 -- --

Sapodilla Pyridaben 0.1 -- --

Sapodilla Pyriproxyfen 1 -- --

Sapodilla Spinetoram 0.3 -- --

Sapodilla Spinosad 0.3 -- --

Sapodilla Spirodiclofen 1 -- --
Page	

24

Table 1. Tolerances Established on Tropical Fruits – Inedible Peel (continued)

(FASonline: mrldatabase.com; tolerances as of September 8, 2010)

Commodity Compound US (ppm) Codex (ppm) EU (ppm)

Sapodilla Thiamethoxam 0.4 -- --

Sapodilla Trifloxystrobin 0.7 -- --

Sapodilla Triflumizole 2.5 -- --

Sapote, Black Azoxystrobin 2 -- 0.05

Sapote, Black Bifenazate 7 -- 0.01

Sapote, Black Boscalid 1.5 -- 0.05

Sapote, Black Buprofezin 0.9 -- 0.05

Sapote, Black Carfentrazone-ethyl 0.1 -- 0.01

Sapote, Black Chlorantraniliprole 4 -- 0.01

Sapote, Black Cyprodinil 1.2 -- 0.05

Sapote, Black Fenpropathrin 1 -- 0.01

Sapote, Black Fludioxonil 0.45 -- 0.05

Sapote, Black Glyphosate 0.2 -- 0.1

Sapote, Black Imidacloprid 1 -- 0.05

Sapote, Black Mefenoxam 0.4 -- 0.05

Sapote, Black Methoxyfenozide 0.6 -- 0.02

Sapote, Black Myclobutanil 3 -- 0.02

Sapote, Black Pyraclostrobin 0.6 -- 0.02

Sapote, Black Pyridaben 0.1 -- 0.5

Sapote, Black Pyriproxyfen 1 -- 0.05

Sapote, Black Spinetoram 0.3 -- 0.05

Sapote, Black Spinosad 0.3 -- 0.02

Sapote, Black Spiradiclofen 1 -- 0.02

Sapote, Black Thiamethoxam 0.4 -- 0.05

Sapote, Black Trifloxystrobin 0.7 -- 0.02

Sapote, Black Triflumizole 2.5 -- 0.1

Sapote, mamey Azoxystrobin 2 -- 0.05

Sapote, mamey Bifenazate 7 -- 0.01

Sapote, mamey Boscalid 1.5 -- 0.05

Sapote, mamey Buprofezin 0.9 -- 0.05

Sapote, mamey Carfentrazone-ethyl 0.1 -- 0.01

Sapote, mamey Chlorantraniliprole 4 -- 0.01

Sapote, mamey Cyprodinil 1.2 -- 0.05

Sapote, mamey Fenpropathrin 1 -- 0.01

Sapote, mamey Fludioxonil 0.45 -- 0.05

Sapote, mamey Glyphosate 0.2 -- 0.1

Sapote, mamey Imidacloprid 1 -- 0.05

Sapote, mamey Mancozeb 15 -- 0.05
Page	

25

Table 1. Tolerances Established on Tropical Fruits – Inedible Peel (continued)

(FASonline: mrldatabase.com; tolerances as of September 8, 2010)

Commodity Compound US (ppm) Codex (ppm) EU (ppm)

Sapote, mamey Mefenoxam 0.4 -- 0.05

Sapote, mamey Methoxyfenozide 0.6 -- 0.02

Sapote, mamey Myclobutanil 3 -- 0.02

Sapote, mamey Pyraclostrobin 0.6 -- 0.02

Sapote, mamey Pyridaben 0.1 -- 0.5

Sapote, mamey Pyriproxyfen 1 -- 0.05

Sapote, mamey Spinetoram 0.3 -- 0.05

Sapote, mamey Spinosad 0.3 -- 0.02

Sapote, mamey Spirodiclofen 1 -- 0.02

Sapote, mamey Thiamethoxam 0.4 -- 0.05

Sapote, mamey Trifloxystrobin 0.7 -- 0.02

Sapote, mamey Triflumizole 2.5 -- 0.1

Sapote, white Azoxystrobin 2 -- 0.05

Sapote, white Chlorantraniliprole 4 -- 0.01

Sapote, white Glyphosate 0.2 -- 0.1

Sapote, white Mancozeb 15 -- 0.05

Sapote, white Pyriproxyfen 0.3 -- 0.05

Sapote, white Spinetoram 0.3 -- 0.05

Sapote, white Spinosad 0.3 -- 0.02

Soursop Azoxystrobin 2 -- 0.05

Soursop Bifenazate 1.6 -- 0.01

Soursop Buprofezin 0.3 -- 0.05

Soursop Carfentrazone-ethyl 0.1 -- 0.01

Soursop Chlorantraniliprole 4 -- 0.01

Soursop Glyphosate 0.2 -- 0.1

Soursop Imidacloprid 0.3 -- 0.05

Soursop Pyriproxyfen 0.2 -- 0.05

Soursop Spinetoram 0.3 -- 0.05

Soursop Spinosad 0.3 -- 0.02

Spanish Lime Azoxystrobin 2 -- --

Spanish Lime Bifenazate 5 -- --

Spanish Lime Buprofezin 0.3 -- --

Spanish Lime Carfentrazone-ethyl 0.1 -- --

Spanish Lime Chlorantraniliprole 4 -- --

Spanish Lime Cyprodinil 2 -- --

Spanish Lime Fludioxonil 1 -- --

Spanish Lime Glyphosate 0.2 -- --

Spanish Lime Imidacloprid 3 -- --

Spanish Lime Methoxyfenozide 2 -- --
Page	

26

Table 1. Tolerances Established on Tropical Fruits – Inedible Peel (continued)

(FASonline: mrldatabase.com; tolerances as of September 8, 2010)

Commodity Compound US (ppm) Codex (ppm) EU (ppm)

Spanish Lime Pyriproxyfen 0.3 -- --

Spanish Lime Spinetoram 0.3 -- --

Spanish Lime Spinosad 0.3 -- --

Sugar Apple Azoxystrobin 2 -- 0.05

Sugar Apple Bifenazate 1.6 -- 0.01

Sugar Apple Buprofezin 0.3 -- 0.05

Sugar Apple Carfentrazone-ethyl 0.1 -- 0.01

Sugar Apple Chlorantraniliprole 4 -- 0.01

Sugar Apple Glyphosate 0.2 -- 0.1

Sugar Apple Imidacloprid 0.3 -- 0.05

Sugar Apple Mancozeb 3 -- 0.05

Sugar Apple Mefenoxam 0.2 -- 0.05

Sugar Apple Pyriproxyfen 0.2 -- 0.05

Sugar Apple Spineforam 0.3 -- 0.05

Sugar Apple Spinosad 0.3 -- 0.02
Page	

27

Table 2. Tropical Fruit and Subtropical Fruits, Inedible Peel Production in 2008

(FAOSTAT: http://faostat.fao.org/site/566/default.aspx, results as of September 7, 2010)

Countries/Regions Avocado Banana

Mango, 

Mangosteen, 

Guavas

Papaya Pineapple Plantain

Australia 9,800 ha

47,238 tonnes

9,853 ha

207,061 tonnes

9,500 ha

57,947 tonnes

250 ha

3,500 tonnes

5,134 ha

164,732 tonnes

No data

No data

New Zealand 4,004 ha

20,000 tonnes

No data

No data

No data

No data

No data

No data

No data

No data

No data

No data

United States 29,474 ha

116,000 tonnes

445 ha

7,893 tonnes

675 ha

2,950 tonnes

558 ha

15,200 tonnes

5,700 ha

172,500 tonnes

No data

No data

Africa 81,312 ha

511,976 tonnes

1,561,187 ha

12,234,118 tonnes

603,968 ha

3,395,045 tonnes

139,521 ha

1,449,513 tonnes

234,766 ha

2,458,760 tonnes

4,331,585 ha

24,734,204 tonnes

North America 29,474 ha

116,000 tonnes

467 ha

8,256 tonnes

675 ha

2,950 tonnes

558 ha

15,200 tonnes

5,700 ha

172,500 tonnes

No data

No data

Central America 131,571 ha

1,253,885 tonnes

208,899 ha

7,073,442 tonnes

214,195 ha

2,128,243 tonnes

27,757 ha

992,930 tonnes

67,370 ha

2,838,438 tonnes

44,527 ha

617,801 tonnes

South America 94,506 ha

838,848 tonnes

867,263 ha

16,592,662 tonnes

141,692 ha

1,908,411 tonnes

67,670 ha

2,475,981 tonnes

119,909 ha

3,715,789 tonnes

770,619 ha

6,637,991 tonnes

Asia 46,266 ha

406,122 tonnes

1,957,895 ha

54,192,001 tonnes

3,651,624 ha

26,543,548 tonnes

167,206 ha

5,030,117 tonnes

398,863 ha

9,658,237 tonnes

107,680 ha

1,159,920 tonnes

Europe 22,225 ha

100,730 tonnes

10,576 ha

417,650 tonnes

No data

No data

No data

No data

250 ha

3,000 tonnes

No data

No data

World Total 43,7470 ha

3,555,265 tonnes

4,834,774 ha

9,339,0721 tonnes

4,723,906 ha

34,889,014 tonnes

411,163 ha

10,104,917 tonnes

852,043 ha

19,268,880 tonnes

5,387,755 ha

34,309,198 tonnes

Note: This table reports only the tropical fruits (inedible peel) available on the FAO website.
Page	

28

Table 3. Crop Group Comparisons, Tropical and Subtropical Fruits, Inedible Peel

CODEX Crop Group 006, Assorted tropical and sub-tropical fruits – inedible peel; proposed new US Crop Group and EU Crop List of Regulation 2 (1) (iv) 

Row 

#

Codex Proposed US EU Crop List or Regulation

Commodity Name 

and Code Botanical Name Commodity Name Botanical Name Commodity Name Botanical Name

1 Not Listed -- Abiu Euterpe oleracea Mart. Not Listed --

2 Not Listed -- Aisen Boscia senegalensis (Pers.) 

Lam.

Not Listed --

3 Akee apple, FI 0325 Blighia sapida Koenig Akee apple Blighia sapida K.D. Koenig Not Listed --

4 Not Listed -- Atemoya Annona cherimola Mill. x

A. squamosa L.

Not Listed --

5 Avocado, FI 0326 Persea americana Mill., Avocado Persea americana Mill., Avocado, Code number 

0163010

Persea americana

6 Not Listed -- Avocado, 

Guatemalan

Persea americana Mill. var. 

guatemalensis

Not Listed --

7 Not Listed -- Avocado, Mexican Persea americana Mill. var. 

drymifolia (Schltdl. & 

Cham.) S. F. Blake

Not Listed --

8 Not Listed -- Avocado, West 

Indian

Persea americana var.

americana

Not Listed --

9 Not Listed -- Bacury Platonia insignis Mart. Not Listed --

10 Not Listed -- Bael fruit Aegle marmelos (L.) Corrêa Not Listed --

11 Banana, FI 0327 Musa spp. and hybrids Banana Musa spp. and hybrids Banana, Code number 

0163020

Musa x paradisica

12 Banana, dwarf, 

FI 0328

Musa hybrids; Musa 

acuminata Colla

Banana, dwarf Musa hybrids; Musa 

acuminata Colla

Dwarf banana included 

in the Banana definition

--

13 Not Listed -- Binjai Mangifera caesia Jack Not Listed --

14 Not Listed -- Biriba Annona mucosa Jacq. Not Listed --

15 Breadfruit, FI 0329 Artocarpus communis J.R. 

et G. Forster

Breadfruit Artocarpus altilis

(Parkinson) Fosberg

Bread fruit, Code 

number 0163090

Artocarpus altilis
Page	

29

Table 3. Crop Group Comparisons, Tropical and Subtropical Fruits, Inedible Peel (continued)

CODEX Crop Group 006, Assorted tropical and sub-tropical fruits – inedible peel; proposed new US Crop Group and EU Crop List of Regulation 2 (1) (iv) 

Row 

#

Codex Proposed US EU Crop List or Regulation

Commodity Name 

and Code Botanical Name Commodity Name Botanical Name Commodity Name Botanical Name

16 Not Listed -- Burmese grape Baccaurea ramiflora Lour. Not Listed --

17 Canistel, FI 0330 Pouteria campechiana

(HBK) Baehni

Canistel Pouteria campechiana

(Kunth) Baehni

Canistel included in the 

American persimmon 

definition

--

18 Not Listed -- Cat's-eyes Dimocarpus longan Lour. 

subsp. malesianus Leenh.

Not Listed --

19 Not Listed -- Champedak Artocarpus integer (Thunb.) 

Merr.

Not Listed --

20 Cherimoya, FB 0331 Annona cherimola Mill. Cherimoya Annona cherimola Mill. Cherimoya, Code 

number 0163060

Annona cherimola

21 Not Listed -- Cupuacú Theobroma grandiflorum

(Willd. Ex Spreng.) K. 

Schum.

Not Listed --

22 Custard apple, FI0332 Annona reticulata L. Custard apple Annona reticulata L. Custard apple included 

in the Cherimoya 

definition

--

23 Not Listed -- Dragon fruit Hylocereus undatus (Haw.) 

Britton & Rose

Not Listed --

24 Durian, FI 0334 Durio zibethinus Murr. Durian Durio zibethinus L. Durian, Code number 

016100

Durio zibethinus

25 Elephant-apple, 

FI 0371

Feronia limonia (L.) 

Swing

Elephant-apple Limonia acidissima L. Not Listed --

26 Not Listed -- Etambe Mangifera zeylanica

(Blume) Hook. F.

Not Listed --

27 Not Listed -- Granadilla Passiflora ligularis Juss. Not Listed --

28 Not Listed -- Granadilla, Giant Passiflora quadrangularis

L.

Not Listed --

30 Ilama, FI 0337 Annona diversifolia Saff. Ilama Annona macroprophyllata

Donn. Sm.

Ilama included in the 

Cherimoya definition

--
Page	

30

Table 3. Crop Group Comparisons, Tropical and Subtropical Fruits, Inedible Peel (continued)

CODEX Crop Group 006, Assorted tropical and sub-tropical fruits – inedible peel; proposed new US Crop Group and EU Crop List of Regulation 2 (1) (iv) 

Row 

#

Codex Proposed US EU Crop List or Regulation

Commodity Name 

and Code Botanical Name Commodity Name Botanical Name Commodity Name Botanical Name

31 Not Listed -- Ingá Inga vera Willd. subsp. 

affinis (DC.) T. D. Penn.

Not Listed --

32 Jackfruit, FI 0338 Artocarpus heterophyllus

Lam.

Jackfruit Artocarpus heterophyllus

Lam.

Jackfruit ncluded in the 

Bread fruit definition

--

33 Not Listed -- Jatobá Hymenaea courbaril L. Not Listed --

34 Not Listed -- Karuka Pandanus julianettii

Martelli

Not Listed --

35 Not Listed -- Kei apple Dovyalis caffra (Hook. F. & 

Harv.) Warb.

Not Listed --

36 Not Listed -- Langsat Lansium domesticum Corrêa Not Listed --

37 Not Listed -- Lanjut Mangifera lagenifera Griff. Not Listed --

38 Longan, FI 0342 Nephelium longana 

(Lam.) Camb.

Longan Dimocarpus longan Lour. Not Listed --

39 Not Listed -- Lucuma Pouteria lucuma (Ruiz & 

Pav.) Kuntze

Not Listed --

40 Litchi, FI 0343 Litchi chinensis Sonn. Lychee Litchi chinensis Sonn. Lychee (Litchi), Code 

number0162020

Litchi chinensis

41 Not Listed -- Mabolo Diospyros blancoi A. DC. Not Listed --

42 Not Listed -- Madras-thorn Pithecellobium dulce

(Roxb.) Benth.

Not Listed --

43 Mammy-apple, 

FI 0344

Mammea americana L. Mammy-apple Mammea americana L. Not Listed --

44 Not Listed -- Manduro Balanites maughamii

Sprague

Not Listed --

45 Mango, FI 0345 Mangifera indica L. Mango Mangifera indica L. Mango, Code number 

0163030

Mangifera indica
Page	

31

Table 3. Crop Group Comparisons, Tropical and Subtropical Fruits, Inedible Peel (continued)

CODEX Crop Group 006, Assorted tropical and sub-tropical fruits – inedible peel; proposed new US Crop Group and EU Crop List of Regulation 2 (1) (iv) 

Row 

#

Codex Proposed US EU Crop List or Regulation

Commodity Name 

and Code Botanical Name Commodity Name Botanical Name Commodity Name Botanical Name

46 Not Listed -- Mango, horse Mangifera foetida Lour. Not Listed --

47 Not Listed -- Mango, Saipan Mangifera odorata Griff. Not Listed --

48 Mangostan, FI 0346 Garcinia mangostana L. Mangosteen Garcinia mangostana L. Not Listed --

49 Not Listed -- Marang Artocarpus odoratissimus

Blanco

Not Listed --

50 Mamaladedos, FI 0347 Genipa americana L., Marmalade-box Genipa americana L., Not Listed --

51 Not Listed -- Matisia Matisia cordata Humb. & 

Bonpl.

Not Listed --

52 Not Listed -- Mesquite Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC. Not Listed --

53 Not Listed -- Mongongo (fruit) Schinziophyton rautanenii

(Schinz) Radcl.-Sm

Not Listed --

54 Not Listed -- Monkey-bread-tree Adansonia digitata L. Not Listed --

55 Not Listed -- Monstera Monstera deliciosa Liebm. Not Listed --

57 Not Listed -- Nicobar-breadfruit Pandanus leram Jones ex 

Fontana

Not Listed --

58 Not Listed -- Paho Mangifera altissima Blanco Not Listed --

60 Not Listed -- Pandanus Pandanus utilis Bory Not Listed --
Page	

32

Table 3. Crop Group Comparisons, Tropical and Subtropical Fruits, Inedible Peel (continued)

CODEX Crop Group 006, Assorted tropical and sub-tropical fruits – inedible peel; proposed new US Crop Group and EU Crop List of Regulation 2 (1) (iv) 

Row 

#

Codex Proposed US EU Crop List or Regulation

Commodity Name 

and Code Botanical Name Commodity Name Botanical Name Commodity Name Botanical Name

61 Papaya, FI 0350 Carica papaya L. Papaya Carica papaya L. Papaya, Code number 

0163040

Carica papaya

62 Not Listed -- Passionflower, 

Winged-stem

Passiflora alata Curtis Not Listed --

63 Passionfruit, FI 0351 Passiflora edulis Sims Passionfruit Passiflora edulis Sims Passionfruit, Code 

number 0162030

Passiflora edulis

64 Not Listed -- Passionfruit, Banana Passiflora tripartita var. 

mollissima (Kunth) HolmNiels. & P. Jorg.

Not Listed --

65 Not Listed -- Passionfruit, Purple Passiflora edulis Sims 

forma edulis

Not Listed --

66 Not Listed -- Passionfruit, Yellow Passiflora edulis Sims 

forma flavicarpa O. Deg.

Not Listed --

67 Refers to papaya -- Pawpaw Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal Not Listed --

68 Not Listed -- Pawpaw, SmallflowerAsimina parviflora (Michx.) 

Dunal

Not Listed --

69 Not Listed -- Pelipisan Mangifera casturi Kosterm. Not Listed --

70 Not Listed -- Pequi Caryocar brasiliense

Cambess

Not Listed --

71 Not Listed -- Pequia Caryocar villosum (Aubl.) 

Pers.

Not Listed --

72 Persimmon, American, 

FI 0352

Diospyros virginiana L. Persimmon, 

American

Diospyros virginiana L. Persimmon, American, 

Code number 0162060

Diospyros 

virginiana

73 Pineapple, FI 0353 Ananas comosus (L.) 

Merr.

Pineapple Ananas comosus (L.) Merr. Pineapple, Code number 

0163080

Ananas comosus

74 Not Listed -- Pitahaya Hylocereus polyrhizus Not Listed --

75 Not Listed -- Pitaya Hylocereus sp. Not Listed --
Page	

33

Table 3. Crop Group Comparisons, Tropical and Subtropical Fruits, Inedible Peel (continued)

CODEX Crop Group 006, Assorted tropical and sub-tropical fruits – inedible peel; proposed new US Crop Group and EU Crop List of Regulation 2 (1) (iv) 

Row 

#

Codex Proposed US EU Crop List or Regulation

Commodity Name 

and Code Botanical Name Commodity Name Botanical Name Commodity Name Botanical Name

76 Not Listed -- Pitaya Amarilla Hylocereus triangularis Not Listed --

77 Not Listed -- Pitaya Roja Hylocereus ocamponis Not Listed --

78 Not Listed -- Pitaya, Yellow Hylocereus megalanthus (K. 

Schum. ex Vaupel) Ralf 

Bauer

Not Listed --

79 Plantain, FI 0354 Musa x paradisiaca L., 

var. sapientum (L.) 

Kuntze

Plantain Musa x paradisiaca L. Plantain included in the 

Banana definition

--

80 Pomegranate, FI 0355 Punica granatum L. Pomegranate Punica granatum L. Pomegranate, Code 

number 0163050

Punica granatum

81 Not Listed -- Poshte Annona liebmanniana Baill. Not Listed --

82 Prickly pear, FI 0356 Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) 

P. Miller

Prickly pear Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) 

Mill.

Prickly pear, Code 

number 0162040

Opuntia ficus-indica

83 Not Listed -- Prickly pear, Texas Opuntia engelmannii SalmDyck ex Engelm. var.

lindheimeri (Engelm.) B. D. 

Parfitt & Pinkava

Not Listed --

84 Pulasan Nephelium mutabile Bl. Pulasan Nephelium ramboutan-ake

(Labill.) Leenh.

Pulasan included in the 

Lychee definition

---

85 Not Listed -- Quandong Santalum acuminatum (R. 

Br.) DC.

Not Listed --

86 Rambutan, FI 0358 Nephelium lappaceum L. Rambutan Nephelium lappaceum L. Rambutan included in 

the Lychee definition

87 Not Listed -- Saguaro Carnegiea gigantea

(Engelm.) Britton & Rose

Not Listed --

89 Sapodilla Manilkara archras (Mill.) 

Fosberg

Sapodilla Manilkara zapota (L.) P. 

Royen

Not Listed --
Page	

34

Table 3. Crop Group Comparisons, Tropical and Subtropical Fruits, Inedible Peel (continued)

CODEX Crop Group 006, Assorted tropical and sub-tropical fruits – inedible peel; proposed new US Crop Group and EU Crop List of Regulation 2 (1) (iv) 

Row 

#

Codex Proposed US EU Crop List or Regulation

Commodity Name 

and Code Botanical Name Commodity Name Botanical Name Commodity Name Botanical Name

90 Sapote, black Diospyros edebaster Retz. Sapote, black Diospyros digyna Jacq. Black sapote included in 

the American persimmon 

definition

--

91 Sapote, green Calocarpum viridis Pitt. Sapote, green Pouteria viridis (Pittier) 

Cronquist

Green sapote included in 

the American persimmon 

definition

--

92 Sapote, mammey Calocarpum sapota

(Jacq.) Merr.

Sapote, mamey Pouteria sapota (Jacq.) H.E. 

Moore & Stearn

Mammey sapote 

included in the American 

persimmon definition

--

93 Sapote, white Casimiroa edulis Llave & 

Lex

Sapote, white Casimiroa edulis La Llave 

& Lex

White sapote included in 

the American persimmon 

definition

--

94 Not Listed -- Sataw Parkia speciosa Hassk. Not Listed --

95 Not Listed -- Satinleaf Chrysophyllum oliviforme

L.

Not Listed --

96 Not Listed -- Screw-pine Pandanus tectorius

Parkinson

Not Listed --

97 Not Listed -- Sierra LeonetamarindDialium guineense Willd. Not Listed --

98 Not Listed -- Soncoya Annona purpurea Moc. & 

Sessé ex Dunal

Not Listed --

99 Soursop Annona muricata L. Soursop Annona muricata L. Soursop, Code number 

0163110

Annona muricata

100 Spanish lime Melicoccus bijugatus

Jacq.

Spanish lime Melicoccus bijugatus Jacq. Not Listed --

101 Star apple Chrysophyllum cainito L. Star apple Chrysophyllum cainito L. Star apple, Code number 

0162050

Chrysophyllum 

cainito

102 Sugar apple Annona squamosa L. Sugar apple Annona squamosa L. Sugar apple included in 

the Cherimoya definition

--
Page	

35

Table 3. Crop Group Comparisons, Tropical and Subtropical Fruits, Inedible Peel (continued)

CODEX Crop Group 006, Assorted tropical and sub-tropical fruits – inedible peel; proposed new US Crop Group and EU Crop List of Regulation 2 (1) (iv) 

Row 

#

Codex Proposed US EU Crop List or Regulation

Commodity Name 

and Code Botanical Name Commodity Name Botanical Name Commodity Name Botanical Name

103 Not Listed -- Sun Sapote Licania platypus (Hemsl.) 

Fritsch

Not Listed --

104 Not Listed -- Tamarind-of-theIndiesDialium indum L. Not Listed --

105 Not Listed -- Velvet Tamarind Dialium indum L., Not Listed --

106 Not Listed -- Wampi Clausena lansium (Lour.) 

Skeels

Not Listed --

107 Not Listed -- White star apple Chrysophyllum albidum G. 

Don

Not Listed --

108 Not Listed -- Wild loquat Uapaca kirkiana Müll. Arg. Not Listed --
Page	

36

ATTACHMENT 1. EXCEL SPREADSHEETS FOR SORTING SUBGROUPS
Page	

37

Table 1. All Tropical and Subtropical Fruit, Inedible Peel (continued)

Common 

Name

Scientific 

Name Family Production US Shape

Max 

Radius 

(cm)

Max 

Height 

(cm)

Est 

Vol

(cm3)

Est

Surface 

Area 

(cm2) SA : M

Texture 

Description Peel Texture

Abiu

Pouteria 

caimito (Ruiz & 

Pav.) Radlk

Sapotaceae

Florida; no 

yield data is

available 

sphere 5 12 523 314 0.6

Skin of mature 

fruit is smooth, 

thin, tough, 

leathery

Smooth

Akee apple Blighia sapida

K.D. Koenig Sapindaceae

Florida; no 

yield data is 

available 

cylinder 2.5 10 196 196 1.0

The skin is 

smooth, shiny to 

waxy and 

leathery

Smooth

Atemoya

Annona 

cherimola Mill. 

X A. squamosa 

L.

Annonaceae

Florida, 

Hawaii, 

Southern 

California; a 

commercial 

fruit in 

southern 

Florida

cylinder 5 20 1570 785 0.5

knobby rind; 

smooth to pointed 

U-shaped areoles

Rough or 

Hairy

Avocado

Persea 

americana 

Mill. 

Lauraceae

California, 

Florida, 

Hawaii, 

Puerto Rico

cylinder 7.5 33 5829 1908 0.3

skin is thick, 

smooth or 

pebbled, thin or 

leathery

Smooth
Page	

38

Table 1. All Tropical and Subtropical Fruit, Inedible Peel (continued)

Common 

Name

Scientific 

Name Family Production US Shape

Max 

Radius 

(cm)

Max 

Height 

(cm)

Est 

Vol

(cm3)

Est

Surface 

Area 

(cm2) SA : M

Texture 

Description Peel Texture

Avocado, 

Guatemalan 

Persea

americana

Mill. var. 

guatemalensis

Lauraceae Coastal 

California sphere 2.5 5 65 79 1.2 smooth or 

pebbled Smooth

Avocado, 

Mexican

Persea

americana

Mill. var. 

drymifolia

(Schltdl. & 

Cham.) S. F. 

Blake 

Lauraceae

California; not 

suited to 

southern 

Florida

sphere 2.5 5 65 79 1.2 smooth or 

pebbled Smooth

Avocado, 

West Indian

Persea 

americana var. 

americana

Lauraceae No data sphere 2.5 5 65 79 1.2 smooth or 

pebbled Smooth

Bacury Platonia 

insignis Mart.

Clusiaceae (alt. 

Guttiferae) No data sphere 7.5 15 1766 707 0.4

thick, tough, 

hard, smooth, 

leathery, elastic, 

and exudes 

yellow, gummy, 

resinous latex 

when bruised

Smooth
Page	

39

Table 1. All Tropical and Subtropical Fruit, Inedible Peel (continued)

Common 

Name

Scientific 

Name Family Production US Shape

Max 

Radius 

(cm)

Max 

Height 

(cm)

Est 

Vol

(cm3)

Est

Surface 

Area 

(cm2) SA : M

Texture 

Description Peel Texture

Banana Musa spp. and 

hybrids Musaceae

Grown 

commercially 

in the U.S. in 

Hawaii, 

Guam, the 

Virgin Islands, 

and Puerto 

Rico, with 

some small 

plantings in 

south Florida, 

Texas and 

California

cylinder 2.5 30 589 510 0.9 The peel is 

smooth and thin. Smooth

Banana, 

dwarf

Musa hybrids; 

Musa 

acuminata

Colla

Musaceae No data cylinder 1.5 25 177 250 1.4 The peel is 

smooth and thin. Smooth

Binjai Mangifera 

caesia Jack Anacardiaceae No data cylinder 3.5 11 423 319 0.8

skin is very thin, 

smooth, glossy or 

slightly scaly

Smooth

Biriba Annona 

mucosa Jacq. Annonaceae

Puerto Rico, 

South Florida; 

no yield data 

is available 

sphere 10 20 4187 1256 0.3

The rind is 0.3 

centimeter (0.125 

inch) thick, 

leathery, tough, 

sometimes 

bumpy, and is 

composed of 

hexagonal, 

conical segments 

that are tipped 

with a wart-like 

or soft spine 

protrusion

Rough or 

Hairy
Page	

40

Table 1. All Tropical and Subtropical Fruit, Inedible Peel (continued)

Common 

Name

Scientific 

Name Family Production US Shape

Max 

Radius 

(cm)

Max 

Height 

(cm)

Est 

Vol

(cm3)

Est

Surface 

Area 

(cm2) SA : M

Texture 

Description Peel Texture

Breadfruit

Artocarpus 

altilis

(Parkinson) 

Fosberg

Moraceae

Scattered 

dooryard trees 

in Hawaii and 

South Florida. 

Guam and the 

US Virgin 

Islands 

sphere 15 45 31793 2826 0.1

rind may be 

smooth, rough, 

bumpy, or 

contain sharp, 

black points or 

soft, green spines

Rough or 

Hairy

Canistel

Pouteria 

campechiana

(Kunth) Baehni

Sapotaceae

Very minor 

production in 

South Florida. 

In 1994, 0.4 

hectare (1 

acre) was 

grown; Puerto 

Rico; Hawaii; 

Southern 

California 

cylinder 2 12 151 176 1.2

peel is smooth, 

waxy or glossy 

and thin

Smooth

Champedak

Artocarpus 

integer 

(Thunb.) Merr.

Moraceae Hawaii cylinder 7.5 35 6182 2002 0.3 sticky outer huck 

with spines

Rough or 

Hairy

Cherimoya Annona 

cherimola Mill. Annonaceae

California 

coastal areas, 

Florida and to 

a limited 

extent in 

Hawaii; less 

than 40 

hectares (100 

acres) are 

grown in 

California 

cylinder 5 20 1570 785 0.5

The skin can be 

thin to thick, 

smooth with 

fingerprint-like 

markings or 

rough with 

conical or 

rounded 

protuberances; 

most with 

protuberances

Rough or 

Hairy
Page	

41

Table 1. All Tropical and Subtropical Fruit, Inedible Peel (continued)

Common 

Name

Scientific 

Name Family Production US Shape

Max 

Radius 

(cm)

Max 

Height 

(cm)

Est 

Vol

(cm3)

Est

Surface 

Area 

(cm2) SA : M

Texture 

Description Peel Texture

Cupuacú

Theobroma 

grandiflorum 

(Willd. Ex 

Spreng.) K. 

Schum.

Malvaceae (also 

placed in 

Sterculiaceae)

No data cylinder 6 25 2826 1168 0.4 hard, smooth, 

woody Smooth

Custard 

apple

Annona 

reticulata L. Annonaceae

Occasionally 

grown in 

South Florida 

sphere 8 16 2144 804 0.4

The skin is thin, 

tough, and 

faintly, 

moderately, or 

distinctly 

reticulated

Rough or 

Hairy

Dragon fruit

Hylocereus 

undatus (Haw.) 

Britton & Rose

Cactaceae

Fruit is grown 

commercially 

in the U.S. 

including 

Florida, 

California, 

Hawaii and 

tropical 

American 

lowlands. 

There are 

approximately 

10 to 15 

hectares (25 to 

37 acres) of 

dragon fruit in 

commercial 

production in 

Southern 

California. 

There is some 

commercial 

production in 

Hawaii 

cylinder 5.5 12 1140 604 0.5

The outside of the 

fruit is coated 

with fleshy ovate 

bases of scales.

Rough or 

Hairy
Page	

42

Table 1. All Tropical and Subtropical Fruit, Inedible Peel (continued)

Common 

Name

Scientific 

Name Family Production US Shape

Max 

Radius 

(cm)

Max 

Height 

(cm)

Est 

Vol

(cm3)

Est

Surface 

Area 

(cm2) SA : M

Texture 

Description Peel Texture

Durian Durio 

zibethinus L.

Malvaceae (also 

placed in 

Bombacaceae, 

Durionaceae)

Small 

plantings are 

developed in 

Hawaii 

cylinder 12.5 30 14719 3336 0.2

rind is fibrous, 

thick, tough, 

semi-woody, and 

densely covered 

with coarse, stout, 

sharp, pyramidal 

spines

Rough or 

Hairy

ElephantappleLimonia 

acidissima L. Rutaceae

Grown in 

California and 

Florida for 

experimental 

purposes 

sphere 6.25 12.5 1022 491 0.5

rind is hard, 

woody, scaly, 

dry, 

Rough or 

Hairy

Etambe

Mangifera 

zeylanica 

(Blume) Hook. 

F.

Anacardiaceae No data cylinder 2.5 6.5 128 141 1.1 thin with many 

tiny glands Smooth

Granadilla Passiflora 

ligularis Juss. Passifloraceae Hawaii cylinder 3.5 8 308 253 0.8 smooth, thin, hard 

and brittle Smooth

Granadilla, 

Giant

Passiflora 

quadrangularis

L.

Passifloraceae

Hawaii; grown 

occasionally 

in South 

Florida 

cylinder 7.5 30 5299 1766 0.3

Fruit can be 

faintly ribbed or 

longitudinally 3-

lobed

Smooth

Ilama

Annona 

macroprophyll

ata Donn. Sm.

Annonaceae

It can be 

grown in 

California, 

Florida, 

Puerto Rico 

and Hawaii. 

Ilama 

production is 

rare in the U.S 

sphere 7.5 15 1766 707 0.4

surface of the 

fruit is rough and 

contains 

pronounced 

triangular 

protuberances

Rough or 

Hairy
Page	

43

Table 1. All Tropical and Subtropical Fruit, Inedible Peel (continued)

Common 

Name

Scientific 

Name Family Production US Shape

Max 

Radius 

(cm)

Max 

Height 

(cm)

Est 

Vol

(cm3)

Est

Surface 

Area 

(cm2) SA : M

Texture 

Description Peel Texture

Jackfruit

Artocarpus 

heterophyllus

Lam.

Moraceae

South Florida, 

Puerto Rico 

and Hawaii 

cylinder 25 100 19625

0

19625 0.1

rind is thick, 

rubbery, hard, 

pebbly and 

contains short, 

blunt spines

Rough or 

Hairy

Jatobá Hymenaea 

courbaril L.

Fabaceae (alt. 

Leguminosae) (also 

placed in 

Caesalpiniaceae)

Puerto Rico, 

Southern 

Florida 

cylinder 3.25 17 564 413 0.7 pod is dull, hard 

and woody smooth

Karuka

Pandanus 

julianettii 

Martelli

Pandanaceae No data sphere 22.5 6 47689 6359 0.1

wedge-shaped 

phlanges, peel is 

dry or hard

Rough or 

Hairy

Kei apple

Dovyalis caffra 

(Hook. F. & 

Harv.) Warb.

Salicaceae (also 

placed in 

Flacourtiaceae)

Florida, 

Southern 

California, 

Puerto Rico 

sphere 3 6 113 113 1.0 The skin is tough, 

thin, and velvety Smooth

Langsat

Lansium 

domesticum

Corrêa

Meliaceae Puerto Rico, 

Hawaii sphere 2.5 5 65 79 1.2 leathery Smooth

Lanjut

Mangifera 

lagenifera 

Griff.

Anacardiaceae No data cone 3.75 10 147 176 1.2 smooth Smooth

Longan Dimocarpus 

longan Lour. Sapindaceae

Home 

gardens; 

Hawaii, 

Florida, 

California; in 

1994, Florida 

reported 81 

hectares 

sphere 2 4 33 50 1.5

The skin is thin, 

fragile, leathery, 

crusty and pebbly 

to almost smooth 

with a 

honeycomb 

pattern

Rough or 

Hairy
Page	

44

Table 1. All Tropical and Subtropical Fruit, Inedible Peel (continued)

Common 

Name

Scientific 

Name Family Production US Shape

Max 

Radius 

(cm)

Max 

Height 

(cm)

Est 

Vol

(cm3)

Est

Surface 

Area 

(cm2) SA : M

Texture 

Description Peel Texture

Lucuma

Pouteria 

lucuma (Ruiz & 

Pav.) Kuntze

Sapotaceae

Florida, 

Hawaii, 

Southern 

California 

sphere 5 10 523 314 0.6 skin is thin, 

delicate, smooth Smooth

Mabolo Diospyros 

blancoi A. DC. Ebenaceae

in 

experimental 

gardens in 

Florida, 

Hawaii, and 

the Caribbean 

sphere 5 10 523 314 0.6

skin is velvety, 

thin, pliable and 

tough; tough and 

papery when 

chewed; short 

hairs

Smooth

Mammyapple Mammea 

americana L.

Clusiaceae (alt. 

Guttiferae)

Minor crop 

production in 

South Florida, 

Hawaii, 

Puerto Rico 

and the U.S. 

Virgin Islands 

sphere 10 15 4187 1256 0.3

The skin is 

leathery, bitter 

and rough. Skin 

contains small, 

scattered, warty 

or scurfy areas

Rough or 

Hairy

Mango Mangifera 

indica L. Anacardiaceae

Florida, 

southern 

California, 

Hawaii, 

Puerto Rico

cylinder 6 30 3391 1356 0.4

skin is waxy, 

smooth, thick, 

leathery and 

inedible; skin can

contain a 

powdery bloom

Smooth

Mango, 

horse

Mangifera 

foetida Lour. Anacardiaceae No data cylinder 6 16 1809 829 0.5 smooth Smooth

Mango, 

Saipan

Mangifera 

odorata Griff. Anacardiaceae No data cylinder 5 13 1021 565 0.6

Skin is thick, 

tough, and can be 

spotted with dark 

brown or yellow 

lenticels.

Smooth
Page	

45

Table 1. All Tropical and Subtropical Fruit, Inedible Peel (continued)

Common 

Name

Scientific 

Name Family Production US Shape

Max 

Radius 

(cm)

Max 

Height 

(cm)

Est 

Vol

(cm3)

Est

Surface 

Area 

(cm2) SA : M

Texture 

Description Peel Texture

Mangosteen Garcinia 

mangostana L.

Clusiaceae (alt. 

Guttiferae)

There are a 

few small 

plantings in 

Puerto Rico, 

South Florida, 

and Hawaii 

sphere 4 8 268 201 0.8

fruit skin is 

smooth, dense, 

bitter, leathery, 

soft to woody, 

tough

Smooth

Marang

Artocarpus 

odoratissimus 

Blanco

Moraceae Hawaii cylinder 6.5 16 2123 918 0.4

rind is thick, 

fleshy, and is 

covered with 

short brittle 

spines and 

protuberances

Rough or 

Hairy

MarmaladeboxGenipa 

americana L. Rubiaceae

Puerto Rico, 

the Virgin 

Islands, 

Southern 

Florida 

cylinder 4.5 15 954 551 0.6

skin is thin, 

leathery, and 

scurfy

Rough or 

Hairy

Monkeybread-tree 

Adansonia 

digitata L. 

Malvaceae (also 

placed in 

Bombacaceae)

No data cylinder 10 54 16956 4019 0.2

The fruit shell is 

hard, woody, 

covered with 

velvety yellowish 

hairs

Rough or 

Hairy

Monstera

Monstera 

deliciosa

Liebm.

Araceae

Hawaii, 

California, 

South Florida 

cylinder 4 30 1507 854 0.6

The rind is thick, 

hard, and made 

up of hexagonal 

scales that cover 

the individual 

segments.

Rough or 

Hairy

Muriti Mauritia 

flexuosa L.f.

Arecaceae (alt. 

Palmae) No data cylinder 2.5 7 137 149 1.1

fruit is covered 

with hard, shiny, 

brownish-red 

scales

Rough or 

Hairy
Page	

46

Table 1. All Tropical and Subtropical Fruit, Inedible Peel (continued)

Common 

Name

Scientific 

Name Family Production US Shape

Max 

Radius 

(cm)

Max 

Height 

(cm)

Est 

Vol

(cm3)

Est

Surface 

Area 

(cm2) SA : M

Texture 

Description Peel Texture

Nicobarbreadfruit

Pandanus 

leram Jones ex 

Fontana

Pandanaceae No data sphere 22.5 15 47689 6359 0.1 >1,000 phlanges Rough or 

Hairy

Paho

Mangifera 

altissima 

Blanco

Anacardiaceae No data cylinder 3 8 226 207 0.9 smooth and 

glossy Smooth

Palmyra 

palm

Borassus 

flabellifer L.

Arecaceae (alt. 

Palmae)

Southern 

Florida, 

Hawaii; no 

yield data is 

available 

sphere 7.5 15 1766 707 0.4

outer covering of 

the fruit is 

smooth, thin, 

leathery and 

brown

Smooth

Pandanus Pandanus utilis 

Bory Pandanaceae

Florida, 

Southern 

California

sphere 15.25 30.5 14848 2921 0.2 wedge-shaped 

phlanges 

Rough or 

Hairy

Papaya Carica papaya

L. Caricaceae

Florida, 

Hawaii, 

Puerto Rico, 

Guam, US 

Virgin Islands; 

Florida 

produces fruits 

for the local 

market; 

Hawaii is the 

main producer 

for the U.S.

cylinder 15 45 31793 5652 0.2 smooth Smooth

Passionflowe

r, Wingedstem

Passiflora alata

Curtis Passifloraceae No data cylinder 5 15 1178 628 0.5 smooth Smooth
Page	

47

Table 1. All Tropical and Subtropical Fruit, Inedible Peel (continued)

Common 

Name

Scientific 

Name Family Production US Shape

Max 

Radius 

(cm)

Max 

Height 

(cm)

Est 

Vol

(cm3)

Est

Surface 

Area 

(cm2) SA : M

Texture 

Description Peel Texture

Passionfruit Passiflora 

edulis Sims Passifloraceae

Hawaii, 

Florida, 

California, 

Puerto Rico, 

U.S. Virgin 

Islands, 

Guam, 

Western 

Samoa

sphere 4.5 9 382 254 0.7 smooth Smooth

Passionfruit, 

Banana

Passiflora 

tripartita var.

mollissima 

(Kunth) HolmNiels. & P. Jorg.

Passifloraceae Hawaii, 

California cylinder 2 12 151 176 1.2 smooth Smooth

Passionfruit, 

Purple

Passiflora 

edulis Sims 

forma edulis

Passifloraceae

widely grown 

in California 

as far north as

San Jose, the 

Monterey Bay 

Area and the 

San Francisco 

Bay Area

sphere 4.5 9 382 254 0.7 smooth Smooth

Passionfruit, 

Yellow

Passiflora 

edulis Sims

forma 

flavicarpa O. 

Deg.

Passifloraceae Hawaii cylinder 4.5 12 763 466 0.6 smooth Smooth
Page	

48

Table 1. All Tropical and Subtropical Fruit, Inedible Peel (continued)

Common 

Name

Scientific 

Name Family Production US Shape

Max 

Radius 

(cm)

Max 

Height 

(cm)

Est 

Vol

(cm3)

Est

Surface 

Area 

(cm2) SA : M

Texture 

Description Peel Texture

Pawpaw Asimina triloba

(L.) Dunal Annonaceae

Northeastern; 

North-central; 

Southeastern; 

South-Central 

and Pacific 

Northwest. 

Yields are 

often low.

cylinder 5 15 1178 628 0.5 smooth Smooth

Pelipisan

Mangifera 

casturi 

Kosterm.

Anacardiaceae No data cylinder 3 7.2 203 192 0.9 smooth and 

glossy

Smooth

Pequi

Caryocar 

brasiliense 

Cambess

Caryocaraceae No data cylinder 3 8 226 207 0.9 smooh Smooth

Pequia

Caryocar 

villosum(Aubl.) 

Pers.

Caryocaraceae No data cylinder 4.5 8 509 353 0.7 smooth Smooth

Persimmon, 

American

Diospyros 

virginiana L. Ebenaceae

Northeastern 

U.S.; North 

central; 

Southeastern; 

and SouthCentral U.S.

sphere 2.55 5.1 69 82 1.2 smooth Smooth

Pineapple

Ananas 

comosus (L.) 

Merr.

Bromeliaceae

Hawaii, 

Puerto Rico, 

Guam, Virgin 

Islands 

sphere 15 60 14130 2826 0.2 rough Rough or 

Hairy

Pitahaya Hylocereus 

polyrhizus Cactaceae No data cylinder 2.5 8 157 165 1.1 knobby Rough or Hairy
Page	

49

Table 1. All Tropical and Subtropical Fruit, Inedible Peel (continued)

Common 

Name

Scientific 

Name Family Production US Shape

Max 

Radius 

(cm)

Max 

Height 

(cm)

Est 

Vol

(cm3)

Est

Surface 

Area 

(cm2) SA : M

Texture 

Description Peel Texture

Pitaya

Hylocereus sp. 

Including H. 

megalanthus, 

H. ocamponis 

and H. 

polychizus

Cactaceae No data cylinder 2.5 8 157 165 1.1 knobby Rough or 

Hairy

Pitaya 

Amarilla

Hylocereus 

triangularis Cactaceae No data cylinder 2.5 8 157 165 1.1 knobby Rough or Hairy

Pitaya Roja Hylocereus 

ocamponis Cactaceae Puerto Rico cylinder 2.5 8 157 165 1.1 knobby Rough or Hairy

Pitaya, 

Yellow

Hylocereus 

megalanthus 

(K. Schum. ex 

Vaupel) Ralf 

Bauer

Cactaceae No data cylinder 2.5 8 157 165 1.1 knobby Rough or 

Hairy

Plantain Musa x 

paradisiaca L. Musaceae

Plantains are 

produced in 

Puerto Rico, 

the Virgin 

Islands; some 

production 

occurs in 

Florida

cylinder 2.5 30 589 510 0.9 smooth Smooth

Pomegranat

e

Punica 

granatum L.

Lythraceae (also 

placed in Punicaceae)

Hawaii, 

California, 

Arizona, 

Florida

sphere 6 13 904 452 0.5 smooth Smooth

Poshte

Annona 

liebmanniana 

Baill.

Annonaceae

Experimental 

species grown 

in Florida 

sphere 5 10 523 314 0.6 raised edges that 

form a hexagon

Rough or 

Hairy
Page	

50

Table 1. All Tropical and Subtropical Fruit, Inedible Peel (continued)

Common 

Name

Scientific 

Name Family Production US Shape

Max 

Radius 

(cm)

Max 

Height 

(cm)

Est 

Vol

(cm3)

Est

Surface 

Area 

(cm2) SA : M

Texture 

Description Peel Texture

Prickly pear Opuntia ficusindica (L.) Mill. Cactaceae

California, 

Arizona, 

Texas, 

Hawaii; grown 

widely in 

home gardens 

and widely 

cultivated and 

naturalized in 

small 

commercial 

plantings in 

southwestern 

and southern 

U.S

cylinder 4.5 10 636 410 0.6 spines and 

glochids

Rough or 

Hairy

Prickly pear, 

Texas

Opuntia 

engelmannii 

Salm-Dyck ex 

Engelm. var. 

lindheimeri 

(Engelm.) B. D. 

Parfitt & 

Pinkava

Cactaceae

Oklahoma, 

Louisiana, 

Mississippi, 

Missouri, New 

Mexico, 

Nevada, Utah, 

California, 

Arizona, and 

Texas 

cylinder 3 9 254 226 0.9 spines and 

glochids

Rough or 

Hairy

Pulasan

Nephelium 

ramboutan-ake

(Labill.) Leenh.

Sapindaceae

extreme South 

Florida, 

Hawaii, and 

Puerto Rico

cylinder 3 7.5 212 198 0.9

thick, leathery 

covered with 

short thick fleshy 

stubby straight 

spines

Rough or 

Hairy

Quandong

Santalum 

acuminatum 

(R. Br.) DC.

Santalaceae No data sphere 2.5 5 65 79 1.2 smooth Smooth
Page	

51

Table 1. All Tropical and Subtropical Fruit, Inedible Peel (continued)

Common 

Name

Scientific 

Name Family Production US Shape

Max 

Radius 

(cm)

Max 

Height 

(cm)

Est 

Vol

(cm3)

Est

Surface 

Area 

(cm2) SA : M

Texture 

Description Peel Texture

Rambutan Nephelium 

lappaceum L. Sapindaceae Hawaii cylinder 2 8 100 126 1.3

covered with 

long, curling soft 

spines or 

tubercles and 

long, fleshy, soft, 

rigid, red, pinkish 

or yellow 

spine/hair

Rough or 

Hairy

Saguaro

Carnegiea 

gigantea 

(Engelm.) 

Britton & Rose

Cactaceae

Southwestern; 

US. Grown 

from extreme 

southeastern 

California east 

to south 

central 

Arizona and 

south into

northern 

Sonora 

cylinder 4 10 502 352 0.7 skin is spiny Rough or 

Hairy

Salak Salacca zalacca 

(Gaertn.) Voss

Arecaceae (alt. 

Palmae) No data sphere 2.5 5 65 79 1.2 scales with spines Rough or Hairy
Page	

52

Table 1. All Tropical and Subtropical Fruit, Inedible Peel (continued)

Common 

Name

Scientific 

Name Family Production US Shape

Max 

Radius 

(cm)

Max 

Height 

(cm)

Est 

Vol

(cm3)

Est

Surface 

Area 

(cm2) SA : M

Texture 

Description Peel Texture

Sapodilla

Manilkara 

zapota (L.) P. 

Royen

Sapotaceae

Florida (12 

hectares (30 

acres)-1995), 

Guam, Hawaii 

(2 growers, 11 

trees and 0.4 

hectares (1 

acre)), 

southern 

California, the 

U.S. Virgin 

Islands, and 

Puerto Rico. 

Florida 

produces 

annual yields 

of 20 to 30 

tonnes (22 to 

33 tons) per 

hectare 

sphere 5 10 523 314 0.6

rough covered 

with light brown 

scruf

Rough or 

Hairy

Sapote, 

black

Diospyros 

digyna Jacq. Ebenaceae

Minor 

Production in 

Florida (0.4 

hectare (1 

acre)), Hawaii, 

Puerto Rico 

sphere 6.25 15 1022 491 0.5 skin is shinny, 

smooth, thin Smooth

Sapote, 

green

Pouteria viridis

(Pittier) 

Cronquist

Sapotaceae Home gardens cylinder 4 20 1005 603 0.6 thin, smooth, 

glossy Smooth
Page	

53

Table 1. All Tropical and Subtropical Fruit, Inedible Peel (continued)

Common 

Name

Scientific 

Name Family Production US Shape

Max 

Radius 

(cm)

Max 

Height 

(cm)

Est 

Vol

(cm3)

Est

Surface 

Area 

(cm2) SA : M

Texture 

Description Peel Texture

Sapote, 

mamey

Pouteria 

sapota (Jacq.) 

H.E. Moore & 

Stearn

Sapotaceae

South Florida, 

Hawaii, 

Puerto Rico

cylinder 6 23 2600 1093 0.4

peel is rough, 

leathery, semi 

woody, scurfy

Rough or 

Hairy

Sapote, 

white

Casimiroa 

edulis La Llave 

& Lex

Rutaceae

California, 

Florida, 

Hawaii 

cylinder 5.5 12 1140 604 0.5 thin, papery, 

smooth, inedible Smooth

Sataw Parkia speciosa 

Hassk.

Fabaceae (alt. 

Leguminosae); also 

placed in Mimosaceae

No data cylinder 2.5 55 1079 903 0.8

pods are large, 

straight to 

twisted, swollen 

over seeds

Smooth

Screw-pine

Pandanus 

tectorius 

Parkinson

Pandanaceae

Hawaii; 

American 

Samoa

sphere 2.55 5.1 69 82 1.2

wedge-shaped 

phlanges, peel is 

dry or hard

Rough or 

Hairy

Soncoya

Annona 

purpurea Moc. 

& Sessé ex 

Dunal

Annonaceae Puerto Rico sphere 10 20 4187 1256 0.3

skin coated with 

brown felt, 

protuberances 

tipped with a 

curved hook

Rough or 

Hairy

Soursop Annona 

muricata L. Annonaceae

Puerto Rico, 

Florida, 

Hawaii

cylinder 7.5 35 6182 2002 0.3

thin, fragile, 

leathery, tender, 

bitter, covered in 

recurred, stubby 

or elongated soft 

spines

Rough or 

Hairy

Star apple Chrysophyllum 

cainito L. Sapotaceae

Florida, 

Hawaii, 

Puerto Rico

sphere 5 10 523 314 0.6

peel is inedible, 

thick, rubbery, 

glossy, smooth, 

leathery

Smooth
Page	

54

Table 1. All Tropical and Subtropical Fruit, Inedible Peel (continued)

Common 

Name

Scientific 

Name Family Production US Shape

Max 

Radius 

(cm)

Max 

Height 

(cm)

Est 

Vol

(cm3)

Est

Surface 

Area 

(cm2) SA : M

Texture 

Description Peel Texture

Sugar apple Annona 

squamosa L. Annonaceae

Florida, 

Hawaii, 

Guam, Puerto 

Rico, Virgin 

Islands

sphere 5 10 523 314 0.6

thick rind with 

knobby 

protuberances

Rough or 

Hairy

Sun Sapote

Licania 

platypus 

(Hemsl.) 

Fritsch

Chrysobalanaceae Florida, 

Hawaii cylinder 7 20 3077 1187 0.4

thin, warty, 

fibrous and 

covered with 

white lenticels

Rough or 

Hairy

Tamarind-ofthe-Indies

Vangueria 

madagascarien

sis J. F. Gmel.

Rubiaceae No data sphere 2.25 48 64 1.3 skin is smooth, 

shiny and tough Smooth

Wild loquat

Uapaca 

kirkiana Müll. 

Arg.

Phyllanthaceae; (also 

placed in 

Euphorbiaceae, 

Uapacaceae)

No data cylinder 2 4 50 75 1.5

skin is tough, 

finely haired 

when young and 

smooth when 

ripe

Smooth
Page	

55

Table 2. Small Tropical and Subtropical Fruit, Inedible Peel - Sorted by Texture

Common 

Name

Scientific 

Name Family Production US Shape

Max 

Radius 

(cm)

Max 

Height 

(cm)

Est 

Vol

(cm3)

Est

Surface 

Area 

(cm2) SA : M

Texture 

Description Peel Texture

Lychee Litchi chinensis

Sonn. Sapindaceae

Florida, 

Hawaii, 

California, 

Texas. 

Florida is the 

largest 

producer of 

lychee

cylinder 1.25 4 20 41 2.1

skin is thin, hard, 

fragile, leathery, 

warty, and 

covered with 

angular 

protuberances

Rough or 

Hairy

Ingá 

Inga vera 

Willd. Subsp. 

affinis (DC.) T. 

D. Penn.

Fabaceae (alt. 

Leguminosae) (also 

placed in Mimosaceae

No data cylinder 1 12 38 82 2.2 The skin of the 

fruit is densepubescent

Rough or 

Hairy

Mongongo

Schinziophyton 

rautanenii

(Schinz) 

Radcl.-Sm 

Euphorbiaceae No data cylinder 1.25 3.5 17 37 2.2 fuzzy, inedible 

peel

Rough or 

Hairy

Manduro

Balanites 

maughamii

Sprague

Zygophyllaceae (also 

placed in 

Balanitaceae)

No data cylinder 1 8 25 57 2.3

The skin is firm, 

thin, hairy, and 

brittle at maturity

Rough or 

Hairy

Sierra Leonetamarind

Dialium 

guineense 

Willd.

Fabaceae (alt. 

Leguminosae); (also 

placed in 

Caesalpiniaceae)

No data sphere 1.25 2.5 8 20 2.4 densely velvety Rough or 

Hairy

Velvet 

Tamarind

Dialium indum

L.

Fabaceae (alt. 

Leguminosae); (also 

placed in 

Caesalpiniaceae)

No data cylinder 1 4 13 31 2.5

pod is thin, brittle 

and covered in 

black velvet

Rough or 

Hairy
Page	

56

Table 2. Small Tropical and Subtropical Fruit, Inedible Peel - Sorted by Texture (continued)

Common 

Name

Scientific 

Name Family Production US Shape

Max 

Radius 

(cm)

Max 

Height 

(cm)

Est 

Vol

(cm3)

Est

Surface 

Area 

(cm2) SA : M

Texture 

Description Peel Texture

Aisen

Boscia 

senegalensis 

(Pers.) Lam.

Capparaceae (also 

placed in 

Brassicaceae)

No data sphere 0.75 2 7 4.0

Skin is hard and 

slightly 

pubescent. After 

being husked, the 

pea-like berry is 

consumed.

Rough or 

Hairy

Guriri

Allagoptera 

arenaria 

(Gomes) 

Kuntze

Arecaceae (alt. 

Palmae) No data cylinder 0.65 2 3 11 4.1

rought texture in 

google image 

pictures

Rough or 

Hairy

Satinleaf Chrysophyllum 

oliviforme L. Sapotaceae

Florida, 

Hawaii,

Puerto Rico 

cylinder 0.5 2 2 8 5.0

skin is gummy or 

rubbery and 

secretes a white 

milky sap when 

cut

Rough or 

Hairy

Matisia

Matisia 

cordata Humb. 

& Bonpl.

Malvaceae (also 

placed in 

Bombacaceae)

Florida sphere 7 14 1436 63435 44.2 thick, leathery, 

downy and elastic

Rough or 

Hairy

Burmese 

grape

Baccaurea 

ramiflora Lour.

Phyllanthaceae (also 

placed in 

Euphorbiaceae)

No data sphere 1.75 22 38 1.7

round or oval 

with a smooth 

skin

Smooth

White star 

apple

Chrysophyllum 

albidum G. Don Sapotaceae No data sphere 1.7 3.4 21 36 1.8

skin is smooth 

and sometimes 

speckled

Smooth
Page	

57

Table 2. Small Tropical and Subtropical Fruit, Inedible Peel - Sorted by Texture (continued)

Common 

Name

Scientific 

Name Family Production US Shape

Max 

Radius 

(cm)

Max 

Height 

(cm)

Est 

Vol

(cm3)

Est

Surface 

Area 

(cm2) SA : M

Texture 

Description Peel Texture

Pawpaw, 

Small-flower

Asimina 

parviflora

(Michx.) Dunal

Annonaceae

southeastern 

U.S. 

including 

North 

Carolina, 

Alabama, 

Arkansas, 

Florida, 

Georgia, 

Louisiana, 

Mississippi, 

South 

Carolina, 

Tennessee, 

Virginia; 

South-Central 

U.S. 

including 

Texas 

sphere 1.27 2.54 9 20 2.4 smooth Smooth

Wampi

Clausena 

lansium (Lour.) 

Skeels

Rutaceae

Hawaii; 

experimental 

plants in 

Florida and 

Puerto Rico 

sphere 1.25 2.5 8 20 2.4

The rind is thin, 

pliable, 

sometimes brittle 

and papery, 

tough, leathery, 

oily, resinous, 

minutely hairy, 

soft, and is dotted 

with tiny, raised, 

brown oil glands

Smooth
Page	

58

Table 2. Small Tropical and Subtropical Fruit, Inedible Peel - Sorted by Texture (continued)

Common 

Name

Scientific 

Name Family Production US Shape

Max 

Radius 

(cm)

Max 

Height 

(cm)

Est 

Vol

(cm3)

Est

Surface 

Area 

(cm2) SA : M

Texture 

Description Peel Texture

Mesquite

Prosopis 

juliflora (Sw.) 

DC.

Fabaceae (alt. 

Leguminosae); (also 

placed in 

Mimosaceae)

Hawaii, 

Southern 

U.S., Puerto 

Rico, U.S. 

Virgin Islands 

cylinder 0.85 30 68 165 2.4

thick, leathery, 

several-seeded, 

constricted 

between the seeds

Smooth

Madrasthorn

Pithecellobium 

dulce (Roxb.) 

Benth.

Fabaceae (alt. 

Leguminosae); (also 

placed in 

Mimosaceae)

Southern 

Florida 

(weedy), 

Puerto Rico 

(weedy), 

Hawaii 

(weedy), 

coasts of 

California, 

U.S. Virgin 

Islands, 

Southwest 

U.S

cylinder 0.75 20 35 98 2.8

The pod splits 

along both 

margins, is 

swollen, 

constricted 

between the 

seeds, and 

slightly hairy. 

Smooth

Cat's-eyes

Dimocarpus 

longan Lour. 

Subsp.

malesianus 

Leenh.

Sapindaceae No data sphere 1 2 4 13 3.0

most common 

form of the fruit 

is brown, round 

and smooth

Smooth

Spanish lime Melicoccus 

bijugatus Jacq. Sapindaceae

Puerto Rico, 

Florida, 

Hawaii 

sphere 1 4 4 13 3.0

short, sharp 

protrusion tip of 

fruit, skin is 

smooth, thin, 

leathery and 

brittle

Smooth
Page	

59

Table 3. Medium to Large Tropical and Subtropical Fruit, Inedible Peel - Sorted by Texture

Common 

Name

Scientific 

Name Family Production US Shape

Max 

Radius 

(cm)

Max 

Height 

(cm)

Est 

Vol

(cm3)

Est

Surface 

Area 

(cm2) SA : M

Texture 

Description Peel Texture

Bael fruit

Aegle 

marmelos (L.) 

Corrêa

Rutaceae

Florida; no 

yield data is 

available 

cylinder 2.5 20 65 353 5.4

thick, hard, 

brittle, smooth, 

tough, woody 

shell with oil 

glands

Smooth

Atemoya

Annona 

cherimola Mill. 

X A. squamosa 

L.

Annonaceae

Florida, 

Hawaii, 

Southern 

California; a 

commercial 

fruit in 

southern 

Florida

cylinder 5 20 1570 785 0.5

knobby rind; 

smooth to pointed 

U-shaped areoles

Rough or 

Hairy

Biriba Annona 

mucosa Jacq. Annonaceae

Puerto Rico, 

South Florida; 

no yield data 

is available 

sphere 10 20 4187 1256 0.3

The rind is 0.3 

centimeter (0.125 

inch) thick, 

leathery, tough, 

sometimes 

bumpy, and is 

composed of 

hexagonal, 

conical segments 

that are tipped 

with a wart-like 

or soft spine 

protrusion

Rough or 

Hairy

Breadfruit

Artocarpus 

altilis

(Parkinson) 

Fosberg

Moraceae

Scattered 

dooryard trees 

in Hawaii and 

South Florida. 

Guam and the 

US Virgin 

Islands 

sphere 15 45 31793 2826 0.1

rind may be 

smooth, rough, 

bumpy, or 

contain sharp, 

black points or 

soft, green spines

Rough or 

Hairy
Page	

60

Table 3. Medium to Large Tropical and Subtropical Fruit, Inedible Peel - Sorted by Texture (continued)

Common 

Name

Scientific 

Name Family

Production 

US Shape

Max 

Radius 

(cm)

Max 

Height 

(cm)

Est 

Vol

(cm3)

Est

Surface 

Area 

(cm2) SA : M

Texture 

Description Peel Texture

Champedak

Artocarpus 

integer 

(Thunb.) Merr.

Moraceae Hawaii cylinder 7.5 35 6182 2002 0.3 sticky outer huck 

with spines

Rough or 

Hairy

Cherimoya Annona 

cherimola Mill. Annonaceae

California 

coastal areas, 

Florida and to 

a limited 

extent in 

Hawaii; less 

than 40 

hectares (100 

acres) are 

grown in 

California 

cylinder 5 20 1570 785 0.5

The skin can be 

thin to thick, 

smooth with 

fingerprint-like 

markings or 

rough with 

conical or 

rounded 

protuberances; 

most with 

protuberances

Rough or 

Hairy

Custard 

apple

Annona 

reticulata L. Annonaceae

Occasionally 

grown in 

South Florida 

sphere 8 16 2144 804 0.4

The skin is thin, 

tough, and 

faintly, 

moderately, or 

distinctly 

reticulated

Rough or 

Hairy
Page	

61

Table 3. Medium to Large Tropical and Subtropical Fruit, Inedible Peel - Sorted by Texture (continued)

Common 

Name

Scientific 

Name Family

Production 

US Shape

Max 

Radius 

(cm)

Max 

Height 

(cm)

Est 

Vol

(cm3)

Est

Surface 

Area 

(cm2) SA : M

Texture 

Description Peel Texture

Dragon fruit

Hylocereus 

undatus (Haw.) 

Britton & Rose

Cactaceae

Fruit is grown 

commercially 

in the U.S. 

including 

Florida, 

California, 

Hawaii and 

tropical 

American 

lowlands. 

There are 

approximately 

10 to 15 

hectares (25 

to 37 acres) of 

dragon fruit in 

commercial 

production in 

Southern 

California. 

There is some 

commercial 

production in 

Hawaii 

cylinder 5.5 12 1140 604 0.5

The outside of the 

fruit is coated 

with fleshy ovate 

bases of scales.

Rough or 

Hairy

Durian Durio 

zibethinus L.

Malvaceae (also 

placed in 

Bombacaceae, 

Durionaceae)

Small 

plantings are 

developed in 

Hawaii 

cylinder 12.5 30 14719 3336 0.2

rind is fibrous, 

thick, tough, 

semi-woody, and 

densely covered 

with coarse, stout, 

sharp, pyramidal 

spines

Rough or 

Hairy
Page	

62

Table 3. Medium to Large Tropical and Subtropical Fruit, Inedible Peel - Sorted by Texture (continued)

Common 

Name

Scientific 

Name Family

Production 

US Shape

Max 

Radius 

(cm)

Max 

Height 

(cm)

Est 

Vol

(cm3)

Est

Surface 

Area 

(cm2) SA : M

Texture 

Description Peel Texture

ElephantappleLimonia 

acidissima L. Rutaceae

Grown in 

California and 

Florida for 

experimental 

purposes 

sphere 6.25 12.5 1022 491 0.5

rind is hard, 

woody, scaly, 

dry, 

Rough or 

Hairy

Ilama

Annona 

macroprophyll

ata Donn. Sm.

Annonaceae

It can be 

grown in 

California, 

Florida, 

Puerto Rico 

and Hawaii. 

Ilama 

production is 

rare in the 

U.S 

sphere 7.5 15 1766 707 0.4

surface of the 

fruit is rough and 

contains 

pronounced 

triangular 

protuberances

Rough or 

Hairy

Jackfruit

Artocarpus 

heterophyllus

Lam.

Moraceae

South Florida, 

Puerto Rico 

and Hawaii 

cylinder 25 100 19625

0

19625 0.1

rind is thick, 

rubbery, hard, 

pebbly and 

contains short, 

blunt spines

Rough or 

Hairy

Karuka

Pandanus 

julianettii 

Martelli

Pandanaceae No data sphere 22.5 6 47689 6359 0.1

wedge-shaped 

phlanges, peel is 

dry or hard

Rough or 

Hairy

Longan Dimocarpus 

longan Lour. Sapindaceae

Home 

gardens; 

Hawaii, 

Florida, 

California; in 

1994, Florida 

reported 81 

hectares 

sphere 2 4 33 50 1.5

The skin is thin, 

fragile, leathery, 

crusty and pebbly 

to almost smooth 

with a 

honeycomb 

pattern

Rough or 

Hairy
Page	

63

Table 3. Medium to Large Tropical and Subtropical Fruit, Inedible Peel - Sorted by Texture (continued)

Common 

Name

Scientific 

Name Family

Production 

US Shape

Max 

Radius 

(cm)

Max 

Height 

(cm)

Est 

Vol

(cm3)

Est

Surface 

Area 

(cm2) SA : M

Texture 

Description Peel Texture

Mammyapple Mammea 

americana L.

Clusiaceae (alt. 

Guttiferae)

Minor crop 

production in 

South Florida, 

Hawaii, 

Puerto Rico 

and the U.S. 

Virgin Islands 

sphere 10 15 4187 1256 0.3

The skin is 

leathery, bitter 

and rough. Skin 

contains small, 

scattered, warty 

or scurfy areas

Rough or 

Hairy

Marang

Artocarpus 

odoratissimus 

Blanco

Moraceae Hawaii cylinder 6.5 16 2123 918 0.4

rind is thick, 

fleshy, and is 

covered with 

short brittle 

spines and 

protuberances

Rough or 

Hairy

MarmaladeboxGenipa 

americana L. Rubiaceae

Puerto Rico, 

the Virgin 

Islands, 

Southern 

Florida 

cylinder 4.5 15 954 551 0.6

skin is thin, 

leathery, and 

scurfy

Rough or 

Hairy

Monkeybread-tree 

Adansonia 

digitata L. 

Malvaceae (also 

placed in 

Bombacaceae)

No data cylinder 10 54 16956 4019 0.2

The fruit shell is 

hard, woody, 

covered with 

velvety yellowish 

hairs

Rough or 

Hairy

Monstera

Monstera 

deliciosa

Liebm.

Araceae

Hawaii, 

California, 

South Florida 

cylinder 4 30 1507 854 0.6

The rind is thick, 

hard, and made 

up of hexagonal 

scales that cover 

the individual 

segments.

Rough or 

Hairy

Muriti Mauritia 

flexuosa L.f.

Arecaceae (alt. 

Palmae) No data cylinder 2.5 7 137 149 1.1

fruit is covered 

with hard, shiny, 

brownish-red 

scales

Rough or 

Hairy
Page	

64

Table 3. Medium to Large Tropical and Subtropical Fruit, Inedible Peel - Sorted by Texture (continued)

Common 

Name

Scientific 

Name Family

Production 

US Shape

Max 

Radius 

(cm)

Max 

Height 

(cm)

Est 

Vol

(cm3)

Est

Surface 

Area

(cm2) SA : M

Texture 

Description Peel Texture

Nicobarbreadfruit

Pandanus 

leram Jones ex 

Fontana

Pandanaceae No data sphere 22.5 15 47689 6359 0.1 >1,000 phlanges Rough or 

Hairy

Pandanus Pandanus utilis 

Bory Pandanaceae

Florida, 

Southern 

California

sphere 15.25 30.5 14848 2921 0.2 wedge-shaped 

phlanges 

Rough or 

Hairy

Pineapple

Ananas 

comosus (L.) 

Merr.

Bromeliaceae

Hawaii, 

Puerto Rico, 

Guam, Virgin 

Islands 

sphere 15 60 14130 2826 0.2 rough Rough or 

Hairy

Pitahaya Hylocereus 

polyrhizus Cactaceae No data cylinder 2.5 8 157 165 1.1 knobby Rough or Hairy

Pitaya

Hylocereus sp. 

Including H. 

megalanthus, 

H. ocamponis 

and H. 

polychizus

Cactaceae No data cylinder 2.5 8 157 165 1.1 knobby Rough or 

Hairy

Pitaya 

Amarilla

Hylocereus 

triangularis Cactaceae No data cylinder 2.5 8 157 165 1.1 knobby Rough or Hairy

Pitaya Roja Hylocereus 

ocamponis Cactaceae Puerto Rico cylinder 2.5 8 157 165 1.1 knobby Rough or Hairy

Pitaya, 

Yellow

Hylocereus 

megalanthus 

(K. Schum. ex 

Vaupel) Ralf 

Bauer

Cactaceae No data cylinder 2.5 8 157 165 1.1 knobby Rough or 

Hairy
Page	

65

Table 3. Medium to Large Tropical and Subtropical Fruit, Inedible Peel - Sorted by Texture (continued)

Common 

Name

Scientific 

Name Family

Production 

US Shape

Max 

Radius 

(cm)

Max 

Height 

(cm)

Est 

Vol

(cm3)

Est

Surface 

Area 

(cm2) SA : M

Texture 

Description Peel Texture

Poshte

Annona 

liebmanniana 

Baill.

Annonaceae

Experimental 

species grown 

in Florida 

sphere 5 10 523 314 0.6 raised edges that 

form a hexagon

Rough or 

Hairy

Prickly pear Opuntia ficusindica (L.) Mill.Cactaceae

California, 

Arizona, 

Texas, 

Hawaii; 

grown widely 

in home 

gardens and 

widely 

cultivated and 

naturalized in 

small 

commercial 

plantings in 

southwestern 

and southern 

U.S

cylinder 4.5 10 636 410 0.6 spines and 

glochids

Rough or 

Hairy

Prickly pear, 

Texas

Opuntia 

engelmannii 

Salm-Dyck ex 

Engelm. var. 

lindheimeri 

(Engelm.) B. D. 

Parfitt & 

Pinkava

Cactaceae

Oklahoma, 

Louisiana, 

Mississippi, 

Missouri, 

New Mexico, 

Nevada, Utah, 

California, 

Arizona, and 

Texas 

cylinder 3 9 254 226 0.9 spines and 

glochids

Rough or 

Hairy
Page	

66

Table 3. Medium to Large Tropical and Subtropical Fruit, Inedible Peel - Sorted by Texture (continued)

Common 

Name

Scientific 

Name Family

Production 

US Shape

Max 

Radius 

(cm)

Max 

Height 

(cm)

Est 

Vol

(cm3)

Est

Surface 

Area 

(cm2) SA : M

Texture 

Description Peel Texture

Pulasan

Nephelium 

ramboutan-ake

(Labill.) Leenh.

Sapindaceae

extreme South 

Florida, 

Hawaii, and 

Puerto Rico

cylinder 3 7.5 212 198 0.9

thick, leathery 

covered with 

short thick fleshy 

stubby straight 

spines

Rough or 

Hairy

Rambutan

Nephelium 

lappaceum L. Sapindaceae Hawaii cylinder 2 8 100 126 1.3

covered with 

long, curling soft 

spines or 

tubercles and 

long, fleshy, soft, 

rigid, red, pinkish 

or yellow 

spine/hair

Rough or 

Hairy

Saguaro

Carnegiea 

gigantea 

(Engelm.) 

Britton & Rose

Cactaceae

Southwestern 

United States 

(Arizona, 

California). 

Grown from 

extreme 

southeastern 

California 

east to south 

central 

Arizona and 

south into 

northern 

Sonora 

cylinder 4 10 502 352 0.7 skin is spiny Rough or 

Hairy
Page	

67

Table 3. Medium to Large Tropical and Subtropical Fruit, Inedible Peel - Sorted by Texture (continued)

Common 

Name

Scientific 

Name Family

Production 

US Shape

Max 

Radius 

(cm)

Max 

Height 

(cm)

Est 

Vol

(cm3)

Est

Surface 

Area 

(cm2) SA : M

Texture 

Description Peel Texture

Salak Salacca zalacca 

(Gaertn.) Voss

Arecaceae (alt. 

Palmae) No data sphere 2.5 5 65 79 1.2 scales with spines Rough or Hairy

Sapodilla

Manilkara 

zapota (L.) P. 

Royen

Sapotaceae

Florida (12 

hectares (30 

acres)-1995), 

Guam, 

Hawaii (2 

growers, 11 

trees and 0.4 

hectares (1 

acre)), 

southern 

California, the 

U.S. Virgin 

Islands, and 

Puerto Rico. 

Florida 

produces 

annual yields 

of 20 to 30 

tonnes (22 to 

33 tons) per 

hectare 

sphere 5 10 523 314 0.6

rough covered 

with light brown 

scruf

Rough or 

Hairy

Sapote, 

mamey

Pouteria 

sapota (Jacq.) 

H.E. Moore & 

Stearn

Sapotaceae

South Florida, 

Hawaii, 

Puerto Rico

cylinder 6 23 2600 1093 0.4

peel is rough, 

leathery, semi 

woody, scurfy

Rough or 

Hairy

Screw-pine

Pandanus 

tectorius 

Parkinson

Pandanaceae

Hawaii; 

American 

Samoa

sphere 2.55 5.1 69 82 1.2

wedge-shaped 

phlanges, peel is 

dry or hard

Rough or 

Hairy
Page	

68

Table 3. Medium to Large Tropical and Subtropical Fruit, Inedible Peel - Sorted by Texture (continued)

Common 

Name

Scientific 

Name Family

Production 

US Shape

Max 

Radius 

(cm)

Max 

Height 

(cm)

Est 

Vol

(cm3)

Est

Surface 

Area 

(cm2) SA : M

Texture 

Description Peel Texture

Soncoya

Annona 

purpurea Moc. 

& Sessé ex 

Dunal

Annonaceae Puerto Rico sphere 10 20 4187 1256 0.3

skin coated with 

brown felt, 

protuberances 

tipped with a 

curved hook

Rough or 

Hairy

Soursop Annona 

muricata L. Annonaceae

Puerto Rico, 

Florida, 

Hawaii

cylinder 7.5 35 6182 2002 0.3

thin, fragile, 

leathery, tender, 

bitter, covered in 

recurred, stubby 

or elongated soft 

spines

Rough or 

Hairy

Sugar apple Annona 

squamosa L. Annonaceae

Florida, 

Hawaii, 

Guam, Puerto 

Rico, Virgin 

Islands

sphere 5 10 523 314 0.6

thick rind with 

knobby 

protuberances

Rough or 

Hairy

Sun Sapote

Licania 

platypus 

(Hemsl.) 

Fritsch

Chrysobalanaceae Florida, 

Hawaii cylinder 7 20 3077 1187 0.4

thin, warty, 

fibrous and 

covered with 

white lenticels

Rough or 

Hairy

Abiu

Pouteria 

caimito (Ruiz & 

Pav.) Radlk

Sapotaceae

Florida; no 

yield data is 

available 

sphere 5 12 523 314 0.6

Skin of mature 

fruit is smooth, 

thin, tough, 

leathery

Smooth

Akee apple Blighia sapida

K.D. Koenig Sapindaceae

Florida; no 

yield data is 

available 

cylinder 2.5 10 196 196 1.0

The skin is 

smooth, shiny to 

waxy and 

leathery

Smooth

Avocado

Persea 

americana 

Mill. 

Lauraceae

California, 

Florida, 

Hawaii, 

Puerto Rico

cylinder 7.5 33 5829 1908 0.3

skin is thick, 

smooth or 

pebbled, thin or 

leathery

Smooth
Page	

69

Table 3. Medium to Large Tropical and Subtropical Fruit, Inedible Peel - Sorted by Texture (continued)

Common 

Name

Scientific 

Name Family

Production 

US Shape

Max 

Radius 

(cm)

Max 

Height 

(cm)

Est 

Vol

(cm3)

Est

Surface 

Area 

(cm2) SA : M

Texture 

Description Peel Texture

Avocado, 

Guatemalan 

Persea

americana

Mill. var. 

guatemalensis

Lauraceae Coastal 

California sphere 2.5 5 65 79 1.2 smooth or 

pebbled Smooth

Avocado, 

Mexican

Persea

americana

Mill. var. 

drymifolia

(Schltdl. & 

Cham.) S. F. 

Blake 

Lauraceae

California; 

not suited to 

southern 

Florida

sphere 2.5 5 65 79 1.2 smooth or 

pebbled Smooth

Avocado, 

West Indian

Persea 

americana var. 

americana

Lauraceae No data sphere 2.5 5 65 79 1.2 smooth or 

pebbled Smooth

Bacury Platonia 

insignis Mart.

Clusiaceae (alt. 

Guttiferae) No data sphere 7.5 15 1766 707 0.4

thick, tough, hard, 

smooth, leathery, 

elastic, and 

exudes yellow, 

gummy, resinous 

latex when 

bruised

Smooth
Page	

70

Table 3. Medium to Large Tropical and Subtropical Fruit, Inedible Peel - Sorted by Texture (continued)

Common 

Name

Scientific 

Name Family

Production 

US Shape

Max 

Radius 

(cm)

Max 

Height 

(cm)

Est 

Vol

(cm3)

Est

Surface 

Area 

(cm2) SA : M

Texture 

Description Peel Texture

Banana Musa spp. and 

hybrids Musaceae

Grown 

commercially 

in the U.S. in 

Hawaii, 

Guam, the 

Virgin 

Islands, and 

Puerto Rico, 

with some 

small 

plantings in 

south Florida, 

Texas and 

California

cylinder 2.5 30 589 510 0.9 The peel is 

smooth and thin. Smooth

Banana, 

dwarf

Musa hybrids; 

Musa 

acuminata

Colla

Musaceae No data cylinder 1.5 25 177 250 1.4 The peel is 

smooth and thin. Smooth

Binjai Mangifera 

caesia Jack Anacardiaceae No data cylinder 3.5 11 423 319 0.8

skin is very thin, 

smooth, glossy or 

slightly scaly

Smooth

Canistel

Pouteria 

campechiana

(Kunth) Baehni

Sapotaceae

Very minor 

production in 

South Florida. 

In 1994, 0.4 

hectare (1 

acre) was 

grown; Puerto 

Rico; Hawaii; 

Southern 

California 

cylinder 2 12 151 176 1.2

peel is smooth, 

waxy or glossy 

and thin

Smooth
Page	

71

Table 3. Medium to Large Tropical and Subtropical Fruit, Inedible Peel - Sorted by Texture (continued)

Common 

Name

Scientific 

Name Family

Production 

US Shape

Max 

Radius 

(cm)

Max 

Height 

(cm)

Est 

Vol

(cm3)

Est

Surface 

Area 

(cm2) SA : M

Texture 

Description Peel Texture

Cupuacú

Theobroma 

grandiflorum 

(Willd. Ex 

Spreng.) K. 

Schum.

Malvaceae (also 

placed in 

Sterculiaceae)

No data cylinder 6 25 2826 1168 0.4 hard, smooth, 

woody Smooth

Etambe

Mangifera 

zeylanica 

(Blume) Hook. 

F.

Anacardiaceae No data cylinder 2.5 6.5 128 141 1.1 thin with many 

tiny glands Smooth

Granadilla Passiflora 

ligularis Juss. Passifloraceae Hawaii cylinder 3.5 8 308 253 0.8 smooth, thin, hard 

and brittle Smooth

Granadilla, 

Giant

Passiflora 

quadrangularis

L.

Passifloraceae

Hawaii; 

grown 

occasionally 

in South 

Florida 

cylinder 7.5 30 5299 1766 0.3

Fruit can be 

faintly ribbed or 

longitudinally 3-

lobed

Smooth

Jatobá Hymenaea 

courbaril L.

Fabaceae (alt. 

Leguminosae) (also 

placed in 

Caesalpiniaceae)

Puerto Rico, 

Southern 

Florida 

cylinder 3.25 17 564 413 0.7 pod is dull, hard 

and woody smooth

Kei apple

Dovyalis caffra 

(Hook. F. & 

Harv.) Warb.

Salicaceae (also placed 

in Flacourtiaceae)

Florida, 

Southern 

California, 

Puerto Rico 

sphere 3 6 113 113 1.0 The skin is tough, 

thin, and velvety Smooth

Langsat

Lansium 

domesticum

Corrêa

Meliaceae Puerto Rico, 

Hawaii sphere 2.5 5 65 79 1.2 leathery Smooth

Lanjut

Mangifera 

lagenifera 

Griff.

Anacardiaceae No data cone 3.75 10 147 176 1.2 smooth Smooth
Page	

72

Table 3. Medium to Large Tropical and Subtropical Fruit, Inedible Peel - Sorted by Texture (continued)

Common 

Name

Scientific 

Name Family

Production 

US Shape

Max 

Radius 

(cm)

Max 

Height 

(cm)

Est 

Vol

(cm3)

Est

Surface 

Area 

(cm2) SA : M

Texture 

Description Peel Texture

Lucuma

Pouteria 

lucuma (Ruiz & 

Pav.) Kuntze

Sapotaceae

Florida, 

Hawaii, 

Southern 

California 

sphere 5 10 523 314 0.6 skin is thin, 

delicate, smooth Smooth

Mabolo Diospyros 

blancoi A. DC. Ebenaceae

experimental 

gardens in 

Florida, 

Hawaii, and 

the Caribbean 

sphere 5 10 523 314 0.6

skin is velvety, 

thin, pliable and 

tough; tough and 

papery when 

chewed; short 

hairs

Smooth

Mango Mangifera 

indica L. Anacardiaceae

Florida, 

southern 

California, 

Hawaii, 

Puerto Rico

cylinder 6 30 3391 1356 0.4

skin is waxy, 

smooth, thick, 

leathery and 

inedible; skin can 

contain a 

powdery bloom

Smooth

Mango, 

horse

Mangifera 

foetida Lour. Anacardiaceae No data cylinder 6 16 1809 829 0.5 smooth Smooth

Mango, 

Saipan

Mangifera 

odorata Griff. Anacardiaceae No data cylinder 5 13 1021 565 0.6

Skin is thick, 

tough, and can be 

spotted with dark 

brown or yellow 

lenticels.

Smooth

Mangosteen Garcinia 

mangostana L.

Clusiaceae (alt. 

Guttiferae)

There are a 

few small 

plantings in 

Puerto Rico, 

South Florida, 

and Hawaii 

sphere 4 8 268 201 0.8

fruit skin is 

smooth, dense, 

bitter, leathery, 

soft to woody, 

tough

Smooth
Page	

73

Table 3. Medium to Large Tropical and Subtropical Fruit, Inedible Peel - Sorted by Texture (continued)

Common 

Name

Scientific 

Name Family

Production 

US Shape

Max 

Radius 

(cm)

Max 

Height 

(cm)

Est 

Vol

(cm3)

Est

Surface 

Area 

(cm2) SA : M

Texture 

Description Peel Texture

Paho

Mangifera 

altissima 

Blanco

Anacardiaceae No data cylinder 3 8 226 207 0.9 smooth and 

glossy Smooth

Palmyra 

palm

Borassus 

flabellifer L.

Arecaceae (alt. 

Palmae)

Southern 

Florida, 

Hawaii; no 

yield data is 

available 

sphere 7.5 15 1766 707 0.4

outer covering of 

the fruit is 

smooth, thin, 

leathery and 

brown

Smooth

Papaya Carica papaya

L. Caricaceae

Florida, 

Hawaii, 

Puerto Rico, 

Guam, US 

Virgin 

Islands; 

Florida 

produces 

fruits for the 

local market; 

Hawaii is the 

main producer 

for the U.S.

cylinder 15 45 31793 5652 0.2 smooth Smooth
Page	

74

Table 3. Medium to Large Tropical and Subtropical Fruit, Inedible Peel - Sorted by Texture (continued)

Common 

Name

Scientific 

Name Family

Production 

US Shape

Max 

Radius 

(cm)

Max 

Height 

(cm)

Est 

Vol

(cm3)

Est

Surface 

Area 

(cm2) SA : M

Texture 

Description Peel Texture

Passionflower, 

Wingedstem

Passiflora alata

Curtis Passifloraceae No data cylinder 5 15 1178 628 0.5 smooth Smooth

Passionfruit Passiflora 

edulis Sims Passifloraceae

Hawaii, 

Florida, 

California, 

Puerto Rico, 

U.S. Virgin 

Islands, 

Guam, 

Western 

Samoa

sphere 4.5 9 382 254 0.7 smooth Smooth

Passionfruit, 

Banana

Passiflora 

tripartita var.

mollissima 

(Kunth) HolmNiels. & P. Jorg.

Passifloraceae Hawaii, 

California cylinder 2 12 151 176 1.2 smooth Smooth

Passionfruit, 

Purple

Passiflora 

edulis Sims 

forma edulis

Passifloraceae

widely grown 

in California 

as far north as 

San Jose, the 

Monterey Bay 

Area and the 

San Francisco 

Bay Area

sphere 4.5 9 382 254 0.7 smooth Smooth
Page	

75

Table 3. Medium to Large Tropical and Subtropical Fruit, Inedible Peel - Sorted by Texture (continued)

Common 

Name

Scientific 

Name Family

Production 

US Shape

Max 

Radius 

(cm)

Max 

Height 

(cm)

Est 

Vol

(cm3)

Est

Surface 

Area 

(cm2) SA : M

Texture 

Description Peel Texture

Passionfruit, 

Yellow

Passiflora 

edulis Sims

forma 

flavicarpa O. 

Deg.

Passifloraceae Hawaii cylinder 4.5 12 763 466 0.6 smooth Smooth

Pawpaw Asimina triloba

(L.) Dunal Annonaceae

Northeastern; 

North-central; 

Southeastern; 

South-Central 

and Pacific 

Northwest. 

Yields are 

often low.

cylinder 5 15 1178 628 0.5 smooth Smooth

Pelipisan

Mangifera 

casturi 

Kosterm.

Anacardiaceae No data cylinder 3 7.2 203 192 0.9 smooth and 

glossy Smooth

Pequi

Caryocar 

brasiliense 

Cambess

Caryocaraceae No data cylinder 3 8 226 207 0.9 smooh Smooth

Pequia

Caryocar 

villosum(Aubl.) 

Pers.

Caryocaraceae No data cylinder 4.5 8 509 353 0.7 smooth Smooth

Persimmon, 

American

Diospyros 

virginiana L. Ebenaceae

Northeastern 

U.S.; North 

central; 

Southeastern; 

and SouthCentral U.S.

sphere 2.55 5.1 69 82 1.2 smooth Smooth
Page	

76

Table 3. Medium to Large Tropical and Subtropical Fruit, Inedible Peel - Sorted by Texture (continued)

Common 

Name

Scientific 

Name Family

Production 

US Shape

Max 

Radius 

(cm)

Max 

Height 

(cm)

Est 

Vol

(cm3)

Est

Surface 

Area 

(cm2) SA : M

Texture 

Description Peel Texture

Plantain Musa x 

paradisiaca L. Musaceae

Plantains are 

produced in 

Puerto Rico, 

the Virgin 

Islands; some 

production 

occurs in 

Florida

cylinder 2.5 30 589 510 0.9 smooth Smooth

Pomegranat

e

Punica 

granatum L.

Lythraceae (also 

placed in Punicaceae)

Hawaii, 

California, 

Arizona, 

Florida

sphere 6 13 904 452 0.5 smooth Smooth

Quandong

Santalum 

acuminatum 

(R. Br.) DC.

Santalaceae No data sphere 2.5 5 65 79 1.2 smooth Smooth

Sapote, 

black

Diospyros 

digyna Jacq. Ebenaceae

Minor 

Production in 

Florida (0.4 

hectare (1 

acre)), 

Hawaii, 

Puerto Rico 

sphere 6.25 15 1022 491 0.5 skin is shinny, 

smooth, thin Smooth

Sapote, 

green

Pouteria viridis

(Pittier) 

Cronquist

Sapotaceae Home gardens cylinder 4 20 1005 603 0.6 thin, smooth, 

glossy Smooth

Sapote, 

white

Casimiroa 

edulis La Llave 

& Lex

Rutaceae

California, 

Florida, 

Hawaii 

cylinder 5.5 12 1140 604 0.5 thin, papery, 

smooth, inedible Smooth

Sataw Parkia speciosa 

Hassk.

Fabaceae (alt. 

Leguminosae); also 

placed in Mimosaceae

No data cylinder 2.5 55 1079 903 0.8

pods are large, 

straight to 

twisted, swollen 

over seeds

Smooth
Page	

77

Table 3. Medium to Large Tropical and Subtropical Fruit, Inedible Peel - Sorted by Texture (continued)

Common 

Name

Scientific 

Name Family

Production 

US Shape

Max 

Radius 

(cm)

Max 

Height 

(cm)

Est 

Vol

(cm3)

Est

Surface 

Area 

(cm2) SA : M

Texture 

Description Peel Texture

Star apple Chrysophyllum 

cainito L. Sapotaceae

Florida, 

Hawaii, 

Puerto Rico

sphere 5 10 523 314 0.6

peel is inedible, 

thick, rubbery, 

glossy, smooth, 

leathery

Smooth

Tamarind-ofthe-Indies

Vangueria 

madagascarien

sis J. F. Gmel.

Rubiaceae No data sphere 2.25 48 64 1.3 skin is smooth, 

shiny and tough Smooth

Wild loquat

Uapaca 

kirkiana Müll. 

Arg.

Phyllanthaceae; (also 

placed in 

Euphorbiaceae, 

Uapacaceae)

No data cylinder 2 4 50 75 1.5

skin is tough, 

finely haired 

when young and 

smooth when 

ripe

Smooth
Page	

78

ATTACHMENT 2. SYMPOSIUM PROPOSAL 
Page	

79

Tropical/Subtropical Tree and Small Fruits

(Edible and Inedible Peels)

Workgroup # 4

IR-4/USDA Crop Grouping Symposium

7-8 October 2002

Arlington, Virginia

Chair: Michael Braverman

Co-Chairs: Jonathan Crane, Nancy Dodd, Will Donovan, Edith Lurvey, Maria Rodriguez

Workgroup #4’s mission was to review, evaluate and validate the established Crop Group #10, and the proposed Crop 

Groups D, E and M to include additional Crops.

Note: The established Crop Groups reflected the US EPA’s 40 CFR 180.41, Health Canada’s Pest Management 

Regulatory Agency’s Directive 98-02, and Mexico’s crop Grouping System which are identical.
Page	80

Proposed Crop Group D: Tropical and Subtropical Fruits – Edible Peel

Current Crop Group

US = Miscellaneous Canada = None Codex = FT Mexico = None

Author’s Commodity List (Greenbook)

Greenbook monograph number follows the crop name

Validation:

Yes or No

Acerola (003) JUJUBE OR SURINAM CHERRY* Y

Ambarella (017) INEDIBLE PEEL. AVOCADO, BANANA, PAPAYA NO.

MOVE TO CG E

Blimbe (075) GUAVA/PERSIMMON Y

Carob bean (127) FIG Y

Cashew apple (130) GUAVA/PERSIMMON Y

Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) (305, 306) JUJUBE OR SURINAM CHERRY Y

Date (220) FIG Y

Fig (243) FIG Y

Guava (273) GUAVA Y

Imbu (294) GUAVA/PERSIMMON Y

Jaboticaba (298) JUJUBE OR SURINAM CHERRY Y

Jujube (305, 306) JUJUBE OR SURINAM CHERRY Y

Jujube/Indian (306) JUJUBE OR SURINAM CHERRY Y

Natal plum (402) GUAVA/PERSIMMON Y

Olive (418) (MOVE TO OILSEED) NO

Otaheite gooseberry (431) JUJUBE OR SURINAM CHERRY Y

Papaya/Mountain (438) PAPAYA Y

Pejibaye-Peach palm (Guilielma gasipaes=Bactris gasipaes) (432) FIG Y

Persimmon (468) GUAVA Y

Pomerac (487) GUAVA/PERSIMMON Y

Purple mombin (Spondias purpurea L.) (017) JUJUBE OR SURINAM CHERRY Y

Rose apple (514) GUAVA/PERSIMMON Y

Sentul (541) GUAVA/PERSIMMON Y

Starfruit (578) GUAVA/PERSIMMON Y

Surinam cherry (589) GUAVA/PERSIMMON Y

Yellow mombin (Spondias mombin L.) (017) GUAVA/PERSIMMON Y

See Work sheets for additions to proposed Crop Group D

*Caps (crops) signify the representative crop(s) associated with the entry.
Page	81

Proposed Subgroups for Group D

WENT CROP BY CROP (ABOVE) AND ADDED TO GROUP

Proposed Subgroup: Da

Rep. 

Commodities

Commodities Validate:Y/N

Guava and 

Raisin

Acerola; Ambarella; Blimbe; Carob bean; Cashew apple; Date; Fig; Guava; Imbu; Jaboticaba; Jujube; 

Jujube/Indian; Natal plum; Olive; Otaheite gooseberry; Papaya/Mountain; Persimmon; Pomerac; Rose apple; 

Sentul; Starfruit; Surinam cherry; Noni; Purple mombin; Yellow mombin; Chinese jujube; Bignay 

NO*

Proposed Subgroup: Db

Rep. 

Commodities

Commodities Validate:Y/N

Raisin Olive; Fig; Date; Carob bean

NO*

Proposed Subgroup: Dc

Rep. 

Commodities

Commodities Validate:Y/N

Guava Acerola; Ambarella; Blimbe; Carob bean; Cashew apple; Guava; Imbu; Jaboticaba; Jujube; Jujube/Indian; Natal 

plum; Otaheite gooseberry; Papaya/Mountain; Persimmon; Pomerac; Rose apple; Sentul; Starfruit; Surinam 

cherry; Noni; Purple mombin; Yellow mombin; Chinese jujube, Feijoa; Wax Jambu; Passionfruit NO*

*SEE ATTACHED TABLES
Page	82

Workgroup Worksheet 

Workgroup #: ___4______________ Crop Group: D (Tropical/Subtropical Fruit, Edible Peel)

Additions to Proposed Crop Groups and Subgroups

Common 

Name

Scientific Name Group/SG 

Placement Rep Crop

Edible 

Part

Person(s) 

Requesting

Comments Validate: 

Y/N

D.1 Craboo Byrsonima crassifolia

(Malpighiaceae)

D guava

JUJUBE OR 

SURINAM CHERRY

Fruit 

(edible 

peel)

Mexico NANCE

Cherry-sized fruit eaten 

raw, etc.

Y

D.2 Jamaica 

Cherry

Muntingia calabura

(Elaeocarpaceae)

D guava

JUJUBE OR 

SURINAM CHERRY

Fruit 

(edible 

peel)

IR-4 Panama berry

Strawberry Tree

Capulin

Y

D.3 Riberry Suzygium SYZYGIUM 

luehmannii

(Myrtaceae)

D Guava Fruit G. Burlow

(Australia)

Clove flavor (spice) AI

D.4 Native 

Pepper

Kunzea pomifera

(Leptospermaceae)

D Guava Fruit G. Burlow

(Australia)

Native apple (spice) MOVE TO 

SPICE

D.5 

Davidson’s 

Plum

Davidsonia pruriens

(Davidsoniaceae)

D Guava Fruit G. Burlow

(Australia)

AI

D.6 Illawarra 

Plum

Podocarpus elatus

(Podocarpaceae)

D guava

JUJUBE OR 

SURINAM CHERRY

Fruit G. Burlow

(Australia)

Resembles a grape AI

D.7 Kakadu 

Plum

Terminalia ferdinandiana

(Combretaceae)

D Guava Fruit G. Burlow

(Australia)

Resembles a 

gooseberry

AI

D.8 Noni Morinda citrifolia

(Rubiaceae)

D Guava Fruit M. Kawate (HI) Indian Mulberry Y

D.9 Bignay Antidesma bunius

(Euphorbiaceae)

Da JUJUBE OR 

SURINAM CHERRY

Fruit M. Braverman Y

D.10 Cajou Anacardium giganteum 

(Anacardiaceae)

D guava

JUJUBE OR 

SURINAM CHERRY

Fruit M. Braverman Y
Page	83

D.11 Guava 

Berry Myrciaria floribunda

(Myrtaceae)

D guava

JUJUBE OR 

SURINAM CHERRY

Fruit M. Braverman Y

D.12 Uvalha

Eugenia uvalha

(Myrtaceae)

D Guava Fruit M. Braverman

(Brazil)

Y

D.13 Monos 

Plum

Pseudanamomis 

umbellifera 

(Myrtaceae)

D guava

JUJUBE OR 

SURINAM CHERRY

Fruit M. Braverman

(Puerto Rico)

Y

D.14 Jelly 

Palm

Butia capitata

(Arecaceae)

D Guava FIG Fruit 

(eaten 

fresh)

M. Braverman

(Brazil)

Y

D.15 Cherry

of the Rio 

Grande

Eugenia aggregata

(Myricaceae)

D JUJUBE OR 

SURINAM CHERRY

Fruit M. Braverman

(IR-4)

Brazil Y

D.16 Brazil 

Cherry

Eugenia dombeyi

(Myricaceae)

D JUJUBE OR 

SURINAM CHERRY

Fruit M. Braverman

(IR-4)

Size of cherry Y

D.17

Pitomba

Eugenia luschnatheanus

(Myrtaceae)

D JUJUBE OR 

SURINAM CHERRY

Fruit M. Braverman

(IR-4)

Y

D.18 Black 

Plum

Vitex doniana

(Verbenaceae)

D JUJUBE OR 

SURINAM CHERRY

Fruit M. Braverman

(IR-4)

African plum Y

D.19 Apple 

Rose

Rosa villosa

(Rosaceae)

D Fruit M. Braverman

(IR-4)

Leaves for tea

MOVE TO GROUP H

AI

D. 20 

Akebia

Akebua quinata 

(Lardiz abalaceae)

D Fruit M. Braverman

(IR-4)

AI

D.21 Amra Spondias mangifera 

(Anacardiaceae)

D Fruit M. Braverman

(IR-4)

AI

D.22 

Appleberry

Billardiera scandens

(Pistiaceae)

D Fruit M. Braverman

(IR-4)

Australia AI

D.23 

Arkurbal

Willughbeia angustifloia

(Apocynaceae)

D Fruit M. Braverman

(IR-4)

Kubal Madu AI
Page	84

ADDITIONS TO PROPOSED CROP GROUP D BY WORKGROUP # 4

Common Name Scientific Name Group/SG 

Placement

Rep Crop Edible 

Part

Person(s) 

Requesting

Comments Validate: 

Y/N

SEA GRAPE COCOLOBA UVIFERA D JUJUBE J. CRANE Y

CATALEYA 

GUAVA

PSIDIUM CATTLEIANUM D JUJUBE OR SURINAM CHERRY J. CRANE Y

COSTA RICAN

GUAVA

PSIDIUM 

FRIEDRICHSTHALUANUM

D GUAVA/PERSIMMON J. CRANE Y

PUERTO 

RICAN GUAVA

PSIDIUM

MICROPHYLLUM

D JUJUBE OR SURINAM CHERRY J. CRANE Y

WATERROSE 

APPLE

SYZYGIUM AQUEUM D GUAVA J. CRANE Y

WATERBERRY

SYZYGIUM GUINEENSE D JUJUBE OR SURINAM CHERRY J. CRANE Y

LOQUAT ERIOBRYTA JAPONICA D JUJUBE 0R SURINAM CHERRY J. CRANE Y

AFRICAN PLUM VITEX DONIANA D JUJUBE OR SURINAM CHERRY J. CRANE Y

HOGPLUM

AMBRA

SPONDIUS PINATA D JUJUBE OR SURINAM CHERRY J. CRANE Y

PARA GUAVA BRITOA ACIDA D GUAVA/PERSIMMON J. CRANE Y

HERBERT 

RIVER 

CHERRY

ANTIDESMA 

DALLACHYAMUM

D JUJUBE OR SURINAM CHERRY J. CRANE Y

GAOLNUT ANACOLOSA 

FRUTESCENS

D JUJUBE OR SURINAM CHERRY WIERSEMA SEE 

WIERSEM

A ARS 

LIST FOR 

SN, ETC.

AI

BURMESE 

GRAPE

KAPUNDUNG

BACCAUREA SP. D JUJUBE OR SURINAM CHERRY WIERSEMA Y

PALMYRA 

PALM

BORASSUS FLABELLIFER D FIG WIERSEMA Y
Page	85

PASSIFLORA + HYBRIDS D GUAVA OR PERSIMMON WIERSEMA Y

PHYLLANATUS EMBLICA D JUJUBE OR SURINAM CHERRY WIERSEMA Y

PITHECELLOBIUM DULCE D FIG WIERSEMA Y

PSIDIUM SP. + HYBRIDS D GUAVA OR PERSIMMON WIERSEMA Y

MIRACLE 

FRUIT

SUNSEPALUM 

DULCIFICUM

D JUJUBE OR SURINAM CHERRY WIERSEMA Y

VELVET 

TAMARIND

DIALIUM GUINEENSE D JUJUBE OR SURINAM CHERRY WIERSEMA Y

DIALIUM INDUM D JUJUBE OR SURINAM CHERRY WIERSEMA Y

DILLENIA 

PHILIPPENENSIS

D AI

DISPYROS SP. D GUAVA OR PERSIMMON WIERSEMA Y

EUGENIA SPPS D JUJUBE OR SURINAM CHERRY WIERSEMA Y

AISEN BOSCIA SENEGALENSIS D JUJUBE OR SURINAM 

CHERRY

WIERSEMA Y

ALMONDETTE BUCHANANIA LANZAN D JUJUBE OR SURINAM CHERRY WIERSEMA Y

CHIRAULI-NUT BUCHANANIA LATIFOLIA D JUJUBE OR SURINAM CHERRY WIERSEMA Y

CIRUELA 

VERDE

BUNCHOSIA ARMENIACA D GUAVA WIERSEMA Y

CHINESE 

WHITE OLIVE

CANARIUM SP. D JUJUBE OR SURINAM CHERRY WIERSEMA Y

KARANDA CARISSA CARANDAS D JUJUBE OR SURINAM CHERRY Y

EGYPTIAN 

CARISSA

CARISSA EDULIS D JUJUBE OR SURINAM CHERRY WIERSEMA Y

COCO PALM CRYSOBALANUS ICACO D JUJUBE OR SURINAM CHERRY WIERSEMA Y

WAMPI CLAUSENA LANSIUM D JUJUBE OR SURINAM CHERRY WIERSEMA Y

JAVA PLUM SYZYGIUM CUMINI D JUJUBE OR SURINAM CHERRY WIERSEMA Y

TAMARIND OF 

THE ANDES

VANGUERIA 

MADAGASCARIENSIS

D JUJUBE OR SURINAM CHERRY WIERSEMA Y

TALLOWOOD XIMENIA AMERICANA D JUJUBE OR SURINAM CHERRY WIERSEMA Y
Page	86

Rep. Crop Commodities Comments

Tropical fruit Lychee, 

Banana, 

Pineapple, 

Guava or 

Persimmon 

(Japanese) 

Jujube or 

Surinam 

Cherry

Sugar apple, cherimoya, atemoya, custard apple, ilama, soursop, biriba, paw paw, 

Spanish lime, Langsat, Poshte, All species of the genus Annona and their hybrids, 

lychee, longan, Spanish lime, rambutan, pulasan, Akee, papaya, star apple, black 

sapote, mango, horse mango (all species of Mangifera and their hybrids) sapodilla, 

canistel, mamey sapote, abiu, Ambarella, Mamey apple, Mangosteen, 

Pomegranate, green sapote, Binjai, White star apple, Satinleaf, Kaffir plum, 

Manilkara hexandra, Bael fruit, Sun sapote, white sapote (Casmiroa) and hybrids 

of these. Banana (All Musa species and their hybrids), Avocado, Pineapple, 

jackfruit, durian, breadfruit, Monstera, Champadek, Marang, Monkeyfruit, 

Screwpine, Pandanus, Jujube, Chinese jujube, Indian jujube, Surinam cherry (All 

Eugenia spp. and their hybrids), Acerola, Jaboticaba, Purple mombin, Yellow 

mombin, Governor’s Plum, Imbe, Craboo, Jamaica cherry, Bignay, Cajou, Guava 

berry, Monos plum, Cherry of the Rio Grande, Brazil cherry, Pitomba, Black 

plum(Vitex doniana), Abyssinian Gooseberry, Ceylon Gooseberry, Vitex doniana, 

Florida gooseberry, Kei apple, Maya breadfruit, Chinese white olive, Karanda, 

Egyptian carissa, Coco plum, Wampi, Aisen, Almondette, Chirauli nut, Galonut, 

Burmese grape, Kapundung, Phyllanthus emblica, Miracle fruit, Velvet tamarind, 

Dialium indum, Java plum, Tamarind of the Andes, Tallowood, Waterberry, Loquat, 

African plum, Hog plum or Ambra, Herbert river cherry, Seagrape, Cattley guava, 

Puerto Rican Guava, Figs, dates, carob bean, Pejibaye-Peach palm, Jelly palm, 

Sataw, Tamarind and other Palmae fruit, Salak, Palmyra palm fruit, Toddy palm 

fruit, Pithecellobium dulce
Page	87

A.Tropical 

fruit inedible 

peel 

subgroup

Lychee, 

Avocado, 

Banana, 

Pineapple

Sugar apple, cherimoya, atemoya, custard apple, ilama, soursop, biriba, paw paw, 

Spanish lime, Langsat, Poshte, All species of the genus Annona and their hybrids, 

lychee, longan, Spanish lime, rambutan, pulasan, Akee, papaya, star apple, black 

sapote, mango, horse mango (all species of Mangifera and their hybrids) sapodilla, 

canistel, mamey sapote, abiu, Ambarella, Mamey apple, Mangosteen, 

Pomegranate, green sapote, Binjai, White star apple, Satinleaf, Kaffir plum, 

Manilkara hexandra, Bael fruit, Sun sapote, white sapote (Casmiroa) and hybrids 

of these. Banana (All Musa species and their hybrids), Avocado, Pineapple, 

jackfruit, durian, breadfruit, Monstera, Champadek, Marang, Monkeyfruit, 

Screwpine, Pandanus

Utilizes the smallest 

rough skin fruit to cover 

worst case residues plus 

the two largest 

consumption fruit to cover 

all tropical inedible peel 

fruit. Avocado is still 

included to cover 

California and to cover 

intermediate sized fruit.

B. Inedible 

peel Sugar 

apple 

Subgroup

Sugar apple Sugar apple, cherimoya, atemoya, custard apple, ilama, soursop, biriba, paw paw, 

Spanish lime, Langsat, Poshte, All species of the genus Annona and their hybrids

Most crops in the 

Annonaceae; similar 

gross morphology. 

Inedible peel medium 

size fruit with rough skin

C. Inedible 

peel Lychee 

subgroup

Lychee Lychee, longan, Spanish lime, rambutan, pulasan, Akee, langsat All crops in the 

Sapindaceae; inedible 

peel small size fruit with 

rough skin (except 

Spanish lime)

D. Inedible 

peel except 

Avocado 

and Banana 

subgroup

Papaya Papaya, star apple, black sapote, mango, horse mango (all species of Mangifera 

and their hybrids) sapodilla, canistel, mamey sapote, abiu, Ambarella, Mamey

apple, Mangosteen, Pomegranate, green sapote, 

Binjai, White star apple, Satinleaf, Kaffir plum, Manilkara hexandra, Bael fruit, Sun 

sapote, white sapote (Casmiroa) and hybrids of these. 

All crop have inedible 

peel; smooth skin most 

corresponds to Codex 

classification

E. Inedible 

peel smooth 

skin except 

Papaya and 

Banana 

subgroup

Avocado Avocado, black sapote, star apple, canistel, mamey sapote, mango, , horse mango 

(all species of Mangifera and their hybrids) papaya, sapodilla, Ambarella, Mamey 

apple, Mangosteen

Pomegranate, green sapote , Binjai, White star apple, Satinleaf, Kaffir plum, 

Manilkara hexandra, Bael fruit, Sun sapote white sapote (Casmiroa) and hybrids 

of these. NOTE: mamaey sapote and sapodilla do not have a smooth peel, it is 

scurfy.

All crop have inedible 

peel; smooth skin most 

corresponds to Codex 

classification
Page	88

F. Inedible 

peel smooth 

skin except 

Avocado 

and Papaya 

subgroup

Banana Banana (All Musa species and their hybrids), black sapote, star apple, canistel, 

mamey sapote, mango, , horse mango (all species of Mangifera and their hybrids) 

papaya, sapodilla, green sapote, Ambarella , ,Mamey apple, Mangosteen 

Pomegranate, Binjai, White star apple, Satinleaf, , Bael fruit, Sun sapote, white 

sapote (Casmiroa) and hybrids of these. NOTE: mamaey sapote and sapodilla 

do not have a smooth peel; it is scurfy.

All crop have inedible 

peel; smooth skin most 

corresponds to Codex 

classification

G. Inedible 

peel

Large 

aggregate 

fruit 

subgroup

Pineapple Pineapple, jackfruit, durian, breadfruit, Monstera, Champadek, Marang, 

Monkeyfruit, Screwpine, Pandanus

All crop have rough, 

bumpy, inedible peel

H. Inedible 

peel

Large 

aggregate 

fruit 

subgroup 

(except 

pineapple)

Jackfruit Jackfruit, durian, breadfruit, Monstera, Champadek, Marang, Monkeyfruit, 

Screwpine, Pandanus

All crop have inedible 

peel. Does not include 

pineapple and is for 

situations where the use 

pattern for pineapple 

does not fit the other 

crops in the group.

I. Edible 

peel Guava/

Persimmon 

subgroup 

Guava or 

Persimmon 

(Japanese)

Guava, Para Guava, Costa Rican Guava(All Psidium spp. and their hybrids), 

feijoa, jaboticaba, wax jambu, star fruit, passion fruit, ( All Passiflora spp. and their 

hybrids), Japanese persimmon, common persimmon (All Diospyros spp. and their 

hybrids), Blimbe, Cashew apple, Imbu, Natal plum, Otaheite gooseberry, Mountain 

papaya, Pomerac, Rose apple, Sentul, Marmaladebox, Naranjilla, Noni, Uvalha, 

Lucmo, Gandaria, Maprang, Mabolo, Ciruela verde, Water Rose apple

Primarily edible peel; 

note/peel rarely 

contaminates Passiflora 

spp. during juicing 

smooth skin medium size 

fruit

J. Edible 

peel 

Jujube 

/Surinam 

cherry 

subgroup

Jujube or 

Surinam 

Cherry 

Jujube, Chinese jujube, Indian jujube, Surinam cherry (All Eugenia spp. and their 

hybrids), Acerola, Jaboticaba, Purple mombin, Yellow mombin, Governor’s Plum, 

Imbe, Craboo, Jamaica cherry, Bignay, Cajou, Guava berry, Monos plum, Cherry 

of the Rio Grande, Brazil cherry, Pitomba, Black plum (Vitex doniana), Abyssinian 

Gooseberry, Ceylon Gooseberry, Florida gooseberry, Kei apple, Maya breadfruit, 

Chinese white olive, Karanda, Egyptian carissa, Coco plum, Wampi, Aisen, 

Almondette, Chirauli nut, Galonut, Burmese grape, Kapundung, Phyllanthus 

emblica, Miracle fruit, Velvet tamarind, Dialium indum, Java plum, Tamarind of the 

Andes, Tallowood, Waterberry, Loquat, African plum, Hog plum or Ambra, Herbert 

river cherry, Seagrape, Cattley guava, Puerto Rican Guava, star fruit, wax jambu

All crops have edible peel 

or peel used in 

processing. Small, 

smooth skin 
Page	89

K. Palm and 

low moisture 

fruits 

subgroup

Fig Figs, dates, carob bean, Pejibaye-Peach palm, Jelly palm, Sataw, Tamarind , 

Salak, Palmyra palm fruit, Toddy palm fruit, Pithecellobium dulce and all other fruit 

of the family Palmae

Fruit of low moisture 
ATTACHMENT 3. REFERENCES

Kenaga, E.E. Environmental Toxicology of Pesticides, Academic Press, NY, 1972.

Machlachlan, D.J. and D. Hamilton. A New Tool for the Evaluation of Crop Residue Trail Data 

(day-zero-plus decline). Food Additives and Contaminants, Vol. 27 (3), p 347-364, 2010.

Ripley, B.D., G.M. Ritcey, C.R. Harris, M.A. Denomme and L.I. Lissemore, Comoparative 

Persistence of Pesticides on Selected Cultivars of Specialty Vegetables, Journal of Agricultural 

and Food Chemistry, Vol. 51, p 1328-1335, 2003.

Schneider, B.A., How to Best Use and Develop Crop Groups, IR-4/USDA International Crop 

Grouping Symposium Proceeding, October 7-8, 2002.

Sundaram, K.M.S., Influence of Foliar Morphology and Crown Geometry on Insecticide 

Deposition and Dissipation Following an Aerial Spray over a Mixed Forest, Journal of 

Environmental Science and Health. Part B, Pesticides, Food Contaminants, and Agricultural 

Wastes, Vol.26 (5-6), p 601-630, 1991.