Data from the Series 11 

NATIONAL HEALTH SURVEY Number 210 

FoodConsumptionProfilesOf White 

And BlackPersonsAged1-74 Years: 

UnitedStates,1971-74 

Presents graphs and tables from the Health and Nutrition Examination Survey on the percent of persons consuming foods from 

selected food groups for specified intervals in a probability sample 

of the white and black U.S. population aged 1-74 years by age, 

sex, race, and income levels, 1971-74. 

DHEW Publication No. (PHS) 79-1658 

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE 

Public Health Service 

Office of Health Research, Statistics, and Teqrbnology 

National Center for Health Statistics 

Hyattsvil le, Md. May 1979 
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data 

Dresser, Connie M Villa. 

Food consumption profiles of white and black persons aged l-74 years. 

(Vital and health statistics: Series 11; no. 210) (DHEW publication; no. (PHS) 79-1658) 

Includes bibliographical references. 

1. Food consumption-United States-Statistics. 2. Diet-United States-Statistics. I. 

Carroll, Margaret D., joint author. II. Abraham, Sidney, joint author. III. Title. IV. Series: 

United States. National Center for Health Statistics. Vital and health statistics: Series 11, 

Data from the Sational Health Survey, Data from the health examination survey; no. 210. 

V. Series: United States. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare. DHEW publication; no. 

(PHS) 79-1658. 

RA407.3.A347 no. 21 0 [ HI)90041 312’.097.3s 78-l 1485 

ISBN o-8406-01 43-3 [381’.45’66400973] 
NATIONAL CENTER FOR HEALTH STATISTICS 

DOROTHY P. RICE, Director 

ROBERT A. ISRAEL, Deputy Director 

JACOB J. FELDMAN, Ph.D., Associate Directorfor Analysis 

GAIL F. FISHER, Ph.D., Associate Director for the Cooperative Health Statistics System 

ELIJAH L. WHITE, Associate Director for Data Systems 

JAMES T. BAIRD, JR., Ph.D., Associate Director for International Statistics 

ROBERT C. HUBER, Associate Director for Management 

MONROE G. SIRKEN, Ph.D., Associate Director for Mathematical Statistics 

PETER L. HURLEY, Associate Director for Operations 

JAMES M. ROBEY, Ph.D., Associate Director for Program Development 

PAUL E. LEAVERTON, Ph.D., Associate Director for Research 

ALICE HAYWOOD, Informatiorr Officer 

DIVISION OF HEALTH EXAMINATION STATISTICS ,. . MICHAEL A. W. HATTWICK, kb,,birecec^tor 

FRANK W. LOWENSTEIN, M.D., Dr. P.H., Nutrition Ad&r 

SIDNEY ABRAHAM, Chief, Nutrition Statistics Brunch 

ROBERT S. MURPHY, Chief Survey J??anning urzd Development Branch 

DIVISION OF OPERATIONS 

HENRY MILLER, Chief, Health Ewminatidn Field Operations Branch 

COOPERATION OF THE U.S. BUREAU OF THE CENSUS 

In accordance with specifications established by the National Center for Health Statistics, 

the Bureau of the Census, under a contract&l agreement, participated in the design and 

selection of the sample, and carried out the first stage of the field interviewing and certain parts 

of the statistical processing. 

Vital and Health Statistics-Series 11 -No. 210 

DHEW Publication No. (PHS) 79-1658 

Library of Congress Catalog Card Numb& 78-11485 
CONTENTS 

Introduction ..................................................... 

Definitions of Variables .............................................. 

Figure and Table Content ............................................. 

Nutrition Data. ................................................... 

References ...................................................... 

List of Detailed Tables. .............................................. 

Appendixes 

k 

B. 

C. 

D. 

1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

5. 

6. 

7. 

I. Demographic and Socioeconomic Terms ............................... 

. Dietary Frequency Questionnaire ................................... 

III. Source of Nutrients for Standard Food Groups: HANES I Dietary Frequency Data, 1971-74. 

IV. ADaiiy FoodGuide. .......................................... 

V. Statistical Notes ............................................. 

LIST OF FIGURES 

Percent distribution of white persons aged 1-74 years with income below poverty level by frequency of intake of selected food groups: United States, 1971-74. .................. 

Percent distribution of white persons aged 1-74 years with income above poverty level by frequency of intake of selected food groups: United States, 1971-74 ................... 

Percent distribution of black persons aged 1-74 years with income below poverty level by frequency of intake of selected food groups: United States, 1971-74 .................. 

Percent distribution of black persons aged 1-74 years with income above poverty level by frequency of intake of selected food groups: United States, 1971-74 ................... 

Percent distributions of females and males by frequency of intake of whole milk, according to 

age and race: United States, 1971-74. ................................... 

Percent distributions of females and males by frequency of intake of skim miik, according to 

age and race: United States, 1971-74. ................................... 

Percent distributions of females and males by frequency of intake of meat and poultry, according to age and race: United States, 1971-74. ............................... 

Percent distributions of females and males by frequency of intake of fish and shellfish, according to age and race: United States, 1971-74 ................................ 

Percent distributions of females and males by frequency of intake of eggs, according to age and 

race: United States, 1971-74 ........................................ 

Percent distributions of females and males by frequency of intake of cheese, accordmg to age 

and race: United States, 1971-74. ..................................... 

Percent distributions of females and males by frequency of intake of legumes, seeds, and nuts, 

according to age and race: United States, 1971-74 ............................ 

1 

2 

2 

3 

35 

36 

78 

80 

81 

84 

86 

4 

4 

5 

5 

6 

6 

7 

7 

8 

8 

9 

. . . III 
8. Percent distributions of females and males by frequency of intake of fruits and vegetables, all 

kinds, according to age and race: United States, 1971-74 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

9. Percent distributions of females and males by frequency of intake of fruits and vegetables rich 

in vitamin A, according to age and race: United States, 1971-74 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

10. Percent distributions of females and males by frequency of intake of fruits and vegetables rich 

in vitamin C, according to age and race: United States, 1971-74 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Il. Percent distributions of females and males by frequency of intake of bread, according to age 

and race: United States, 1971-74. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

12. Percent distributions of females and males by frequency of intake of cereals, according to age 

and race: United States, 1971-74. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

13. Percent distributions of females and males by frequency of intake of fats and oils, according to 

age and race: United States, 1971-74. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

14. Percent distributions of females and males by frequency of intake of desserts, according to age 

and race: United States, 1971-74. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

15. Percent distributions of females and males by frequency of intake of candy, according to age 

and race: United States, 1971-74. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

16. Percent distributions of females and males by frequency of intake of sweetened beverages, 

according to age and race: United States, 1971-74 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

17. Percent distributions of females and males by frequency of intake of artificially sweetened beverages, according to age and race: United States, 1971-74. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

18. Percent distributions of females and males by frequency of intake of coffee and tea, according 

to age and race: United States, 1971-74 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

19. Percent distributions of females and males by frequency of intake of salty snacks, according to 

age and race: United States, 1971-74. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

20. Percent distributions of females with income below poverty level and with income above poverty 

level by frequency of intake of whole milk, according to age and race: United States, 1971-74 . . 

2 1. Percent distributions of males with income below poverty level and with income above poverty 

level by frequency of intake of whole milk, according to age and race: United States, 1971-74 . . 

22. Percent distributions of females with income below poverty level and with income above poverty 

level by frequency of intake of skim milk, according to age and race: United States, 1971-74 . . . 

23. Percent distributions of males with income below poverty level and with income above poverty 

level by frequency of intake of skim milk, according to age and race: United States, 1971-74 . . . 

24. Percent distributions of females with income below poverty level and with income above poverty 

level by frequency of intake of meat and poultry, according to age and race: United States, 

1971-74 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

25. Percent distributions of males with income below poverty level and with income above poverty 

level by frequency of intake of meat and poultry, according to age and race: United States, 

1971-74.................................................... 

26. Percent distributions of females with income below poverty level and with income above poverty 

level by frequency of intake fish and shellfish, according to age and race: United States, 1971-74. 

27. Percent distributions of males with income below poverty level and with income above poverty 

level by frequency of intake of fish and shellfish, according to age and race: United States, 

1971-74 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

28. Percent distributions of females with income below poverty level and with income above poverty 

level by frequency of intake of eggs, according to age and race: United States, 1971-74. . . . . . . 

9 

10 

10 

11 

11 

12 

12 

13 

13 

14 

14 

15 

16 

16 

17 

17 

18 

18 

19 

19 

20’ 
29. Percent distributions of males with income below poverty level and with income above poverty 

level by frequency of intake of eggs, according to age and race: United States, 1971-74. . . . . . . 

30. Percent distributions of females with income below poverty level and with income above poverty 

level by frequency of intake of cheese, according to age and race: United States, 1971-74 . . . . . 

31. Percent distributions of males with income below poverty level and with income above poverty 

level by frequency of intake of cheese, according to age and race: United States, 1971-74 . . . . . 

32. Percent distributions of females with income below poverty level and with income above poverty 

level by frequency of intake of legumes, seeds, and nuts, according to age and race: United 

States, 1971-74. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

33. Percent distributions of males with income below poverty level and with income above poverty 

level by frequency of intake of legumes, seeds, and nuts, according to age and race: United 

States, 1971-74. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

34. Percent distributions of females with income beIow poverty level and with income above poverty 

level by frequency of intake of fruits and vegetables, all kinds, according to age and race: United 

States, 1971-74.. . . . . . . . .,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

35. Percent distributions of males with income below poverty level and with income above poverty 

level by frequency of intake of fruits and vegetables, all kinds, according to age and race: United 

States, 1971-74. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

36. Percent distributions of females with income below poverty level and with income above poverty 

level by frequency of intake of fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin A, according to age and race: 

United States, 1971-74. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

37. Percent distributions of males with income below poverty level and with income above poverty 

level by frequency of intake of fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin A, according to age and race: 

United States, 1971-74. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _ . . . . . . _ . . . . . . . . . . 

38. Percent distributions of females with income below poverty level and with income above poverty 

level by frequency of intake of fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin C, according to age and race: 

United States, 1971-74. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

39. Percent distributions of males with income below poverty level and with income above poverty 

level by frequency of intake of fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin C, according to age and race: 

United States, 1971-74. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

40. Percent distributions of females with income below poverty level and with income above poverty 

level by frequency of intake of bread, according to age and race: United States, 1971-74. . . . . . 

41. Percent distributions of males with income below poverty level and with income above poverty 

level by frequency of intake of bread, according to age and race: United States, 1971-74. . . . . . 

42. Percent distributions of females with income below poverty lcvcl and with income above poverty 

level by frequency of intake of cereals, according to age and race: United States, 1971-74 . . . . . 

43. Percent distributions of males with income below poverty level and with income above poverty 

level by frequency of intake of cereals, according to age and race: United States, 1971-74 . . . . . 

44. Percent distributions of females with income below poverty level and with income above poverty 

level by frequency of intake of fats and oils, according to age and race: United States, 1971-74. . 

45. Percent distributions of males with income below poverty level and with income above poverty 

level by frequency of intake of fats and oils, according to age and race: United States, 1971-74. . 

46. Percent distributions of females tith income below poverty level and with income above poverty 

level by frequency of intake of desserts, according to age and race: United States, 1971-74 . . . . 

47. Percent distributions of males with income below poverty. level and with income above poverty 

level by frequency of intake.of desserts, according to age and race: United States, 1971-74 . . . _ 

48. Percent d&ributions of females with income below poverty level and with income above poverty 

level by frequency of intake of candy, according to age and race: United States, 1971-74 . . . . . 

20 

21 

21 

22 

22 

23 

23 

24 

24 

25 

25 

26 

26 

27 

27 

28 

28 

29 

29 

30 
49. Percent distributions of males with income below poverty level and with income above poverty 

level by frequency of intake of candy, according to age and race: United States, 1971-74 . . . . . 

50. Percent distributions of females with income below poverty level and with income above poverty 

level by frequency of intake of sweetened beverages, according to age and race: United States, 

1971-74 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

51. Percent distributions of males with income below poverty level and with income above poverty 

level by frequency of intake of sweetened beverages, according to age and race: United States, 

1971-74 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

52. Percent distributions of females with income below poverty level and with income above poverty 

level by frequency of intake of artificially sweetened beverages, according to age and race: 

United States, 1971-74. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

53. Percent distributions of males with income below poverty level and with income above poverty 

level by frequency of intake of artificially sweetened beverages, according to age and race: 

United States, 1971-74. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

54. Percent distributions of females with income below poverty level and with income above poverty 

level by frequency of intake of coffee and tea, according to age and race: United States, 1971-74. 

55. Percent distributions of males with income below poverty level and with income above poverty 

level by frequency of intake of coffee and tea, according to age and race: United States, 1971-74. 

56. Percent distributions pf females with income below poverty level and with income above poverty 

level by frequency of intake of salty snacks, according to age and race: United States, 197 1-74 , . 

57. Percent distributions of males with income below poverty level and with income above poverty 

level by frequency of intake of salty snacks, according to age and race: United States, 1971-74 . . 

SYMBOLS 

Data not available ________________________________________- - _ _ 

Category not applicable _____________-___-__------------ . . . 

Quantity zero ____________________--------------------------- -

Quantity more than 0 but less than 0.05------ 0.0 

Figure does not meet standards of * reliability or precision ______________________________ 

30 

31 

31 

32 

32 

33 

33 

34 

34 
FOOD CONSUMPTION PROFILES 0~ 

WHITE AND BLACK PERSONS AGED 

l-74 YEARS: UNITED STATES, 1971-74 

Connie. M. Villa Dresser, R-D.3 Margaret D. Carroll, MS.P.H., and Sidney Abraham, 

Division of Health Examination Statistics 

INTRODUCTION 

The Health and Nutrition Examination Survey program was undertaken by the National 

Center for Health Statistics in response to a 

directive from the Secretary of the Department 

of Health, Education, and Welfare to establish a 

continuing national nutrition surveillance system 

under the authority of the National Health Survey Act of 1956. This system has as its purposes 

the measuring of nutritional status for the U.S. 

popuIation and monitoring the changes in this 

status over time. 

The Health and NutritionExamination Survey 

, (HANES) is the first program to collect measures 

, of nutritional status for a scientifically designed 

sample representative of the U.S. civilian noninstitutionalized population in a broad range of 

. ages, l-74 years. Other earlier nutrition surveys, 

such as the Ten-State Nutrition Survey,1 have 

had more limited objectives. The probability 

sample design permits estimates to be made for 

the total population and at the same time permits more detailed analysis of data for certain 

groups at high risk of malnutrition-the poor, 

preschool children, women of childbearing ages, 

and the elderly. * This is made possible through 

use of differential sampling of these high-risk 

groups and appropriate weighting of the data. 

The first HANES program began data collection in April 1971, was in full operation by 

August, and was completed in June 1974. A 

detailed description of the specific content and 

plan of operation, including the sample design, 

has been published3 and only the general characteristics are mentioned here. The U.S. Bureau 

of the Census cooperated in the sample design 

and in the initial visits to and interviewing at 

selected eligible househoIds in the 65 primary 

samphng units (PSU’s) throughout the United 

States. Additional household visiting, interviewing, history taking, and explaining of the 

examination portion of the program were performed by members of the field teams of the 

Center. These teams traveled to the various 

locations and included professional and paraprofessional medical and dental examiners along 

with technicians, interviewers, and other staff. 

The selected sample persons for whom appointments could be made were brought into specially constructed mobile examination centers 

that were moved into a central location in each 

PSU area. 

Of the 28,043 sample persons selected to 

represent 194 million persons aged l-74 years in 

the U.S. population, the program examined 

20,749, or 74 percent of the sample, at 65 

locations visited between April 1971 and June 

1974. This is an effective response rate of 75 

percent when adjustment is made for the effect 

of oversampling among preschool children, 

women of childbearing age, the poor, and the 

elderly. Data presenting breakdowns by race are 

based on findings from HANES of a sampIe of 

27,730 white and black persons, of whom 

20,514 were examined. Estimates in this report 
are based on weighted observations, i.e., the data 

obtained for the examined persons are inflated 

to the level of the total population using the 

appropriate weights to account for both sampling fractions and response results. (See appendix V.) 

DEFINITIONS OF VARIABLES 

Race was observed and recorded as white, 

black, and other races. Of the 20,749 sample 

persons examined, 78.8 percent were white and 

20.07 percent were black. Only 1.13 percent of 

the sample was classified as other races. Other 

races are included only when the total subjects 

are used; they are not used in the white-black 

breakdowns. 

The sample design focused special attention 

on groups of people known to be at greater risk 

of malnutrition by oversampling these groups. 

The oversampling was directed first of all to the 

poor. The design thus enabled the Center to obtain sufficient numbers to analyze the nutritional status of poor black and white persons 

without resorting to separate oversampling of 

racial or ethnic groups. Thus while black persons 

represent about -11 percent of the U.S. population, they constitute one-fifth of the HANES 

sample. Such large numbers were found because 

the economically poor segments of the population include disproportionate numbers of 

black persons. These larger numbers yield more 

reliable estimates for this group. 

Income status is considered when nutritional 

data are presented because quantity and quality 

of dietary intake have been known to be associated with level of income. The income status 

for each examined person is expressed by the 

Poverty Income Ratio. (See appendix I.) Families and unrelated individuals are classified as 

bdng above or below the poverty level, using the 

poverty index adopted by the Federal Interagency Committee in 1969. This index, in contrast to total family income, reflects the different consumption requirements of families based 

on their size and composition, sex and age of the 

family head, and farm-nonfarm residence. 

For analysis, two groups of income levels are 

presented: income below poverty level, a ratio of 

less than 1; and income at and above poverty 

level, a ratio of 1 or more. Small numbers preclude the analysis of dietary intake data by 

further gradation of incomes in both income 

groups. Examined persons with unknown income are excluded from the two income classification groups, but they are included in the 

total group. 

FIGURE AND TABLE CONTENT 

In this report, the data on frequency of consumption of food groups by the white and black 

U.S. population are grouped in six categories: 4 

times a day or more, 3 times a day, 2 times a 

day, and once a day; l-6 times a week; and 

seldom or never. The l-6 times per week frequency category shows the percent of sample 

persons who consumed food items at least once 

a week but not more than 6 times per week. 

The cross-sectional data on food frequency 

intake of subjects were obtained on different age 

cohorts. The age trends show percentage values 

for successive cohorts of different age groups 

and reflect the effect of different environmental 

influences. The limitations of cross-sectional 

data are recognized in considering group age 

changes. 

Figures A-D present graphic profiles of percent distribution of frequency of intake of 19 

selected food groups for persons of both sexes 

ages l-74 years for race and income groups. 

Figures 1-19 present graphic profiles of percent 

distribution of frequency of intake of specified 

food groups for race, age, and sex without 

regard to income groups. Figures 20-57 present 

graphic profiles of percent distribution of frequency of intake of specified food groups for 

race, age, sex, and income groups. The 19 selected food groups on which graphic and tabular 

data are based are shown in appendix III. 

Tables 1 and 2 present tabular data of the 

percent distribution of frequency of intake of 

19 food groups for persons of both sexes aged 

l-74 years for race and income groups. Tables 

3-14 present tabular data of the percent distribution of frequency of intake of 19 food groups 

for race, sex, and specified age groups without 

regard to income. Tables 15-26 present tabular 

2 
data of the percent distribution of frequency of 

intake of 19 food groups for race, sex, and 

specified age and income groups. 

The sources of nutrients for selected food 

groups used in HANES I are shown in appendix 

III. This information will be used in assessingthe 

actual food consumption profiles of the U.S. 

population. A daily food guide recommended by 

the U.S. Department of Agriculture is shown in 

appendix IV. 

NUTRITION DATA 

Information on each sample person’s usual 

pattern of food intake was obtained during the 

first national Health and Nutrition Examination 

Survey by means of a dietary interview consisting of a 24-hour recall of food consumption 

and a food frequency questionnaire (appendix 

II). This interview was conducted by dietary 

staff who are graduates of accredited colleges 

and/or universities and who majored in home 

economics with emphasis in foods and nutrition. 

The nutrition examination also included a 

general medical examination by a physician for 

indicators of nutritional deficiencies, a skin 

examination by a dermatologist, and a dental 

examination by a dentist. Body measurements 

were taken by a trained technician, and 

numerous laboratory tests were performed on 

whole blood, serum, plasma, and urine. A description of the sampling process, HANES o eration, and response rates has been published. ! 

In this report, these graphic and tabular 

dietary findings, based on the HANES food frequency data, are directed to a qualitative assessment of food pattern profiles of the white and 

black population, both combined and separately. The frequency of consumption of 19 

food groups with similar nutritional characteristics ingested daily and/or weekly over the 

3-month interval prior to the nutrition interview 

are presented here by age, race, sex, and income 

level. The food frequency interview accounted 

for all regular meals, as well as for between-meal 

foods or snacks, eaten during the week (including special occasions and holidays) and were 

reported in six frequency categories. The food 

frequency method served as a quality control 

technique for the 24-hour recall method of obtaining data while depicting diet profile patterns 

over a longer period of time. 

Although this report does not include analysis of the data, it does provide a pictorial and 

qualitative method of appraising the usual diet 

patterns of subgroups within the population. 

The data provide a basis for identifying groups 

within communities who are likely to need more 

de tailed dietary investigation and nutrition 

counseling and for planning educational programs for such groups. 

Analysis and discussion of the pictorial food 

frquency profiles presented in this report for the 

white and black U.S. population aged l-74 years 

for specified age, sex, race, and income 1eveIs 

will be made in a supplemental report. Comparison of these findings with the percent contribution of nutrients from the 24-hour recall data 

and with the dietary findings presented in Series 

11-No. 202 of the Vital and Health Statistics 

series will be made to validate dietary methodologies used and provide sources of nutrient 

density in the American diet. 

Another report based on the 24-hour recall 

questionnaire, entitled “Meal Pattern Profiles of 

the U.S. Population Aged l-74 Years: 1971-74,” 

will analyze and discuss specific foods eaten at 

each meal or as snacks. The nutrient contribution of these foods to individual meals and to 

the total day’s intake for the total population 

and selected subgroups will be emphasized. 

3. 
Whole milk...... 

Skim milk ._...... 

Meat and 

Fish and 

shellfish 

Chew . ... ... ... 

Legumes. seeds, 

end ““ts....... 

Fruits and 

vegetables, 

all kinds .. .. 

Fruits and veg 

efabler rich 

in vitamin A 

Fruits and veg 

etables rich 

in vitamin C 

Bread . .. .. .. 

Fats and 

oils ._...._....,... 

Candy 

SWeetened 

beverages1 

Artificially 

sweetened 

bweragesl .. 

Coffee and 

tea . .. ... . . 

a0 

PERCENT OF PERSONS 

FREQUENCY AKE: 

m 4 times a day or more Once a day 

3 times a day c_( 1.6 times a week 

2 times a day 0 Seldom or never 

’ Does “W i”Cl”dC lleoholk !lcvenger. 

NOTE: Rwcntr mry not add 10 lW.0 dur to rounding. 

Figure A. Percent distribution of white persons aged 1-74 years 

,with income below poverty level by frequency of intake of 

selected food groups: United States, 1971-74 

Whole milk...... 

Skim milk .. ... .. 

Meat and 

poultry . . 

Fish and 

shellfish . . 

EggS. .... .. ... ..I. 

Cheese. .. .... ... .. 

Legumes, seeds, 

and nuts .... 

Fruits and 

vegetables. 

all kinds .. 

Fruits and veg 

etables rich 

in vitamin A 

Fruits and veg 

etables rich 

in vitamin C 

Bread ... .. ... .. 

Cereals,...,.....,,, 

Fats and 

oils . 

DeSSeRS. 

Candy 

Sweetened 

beverages! 

Artificially 

sweetened 

beverage9 . 

Coffee and 

tea . 

Salty 

snacks ..._...... 

oto 

PERCENT OF PERSONS 

FREDUENCY AKE: 

m 4 times a day or more Once P day 

3 times a day w 1.6 times a week 

2 times a day 0 Seldom or never 

’ Ltocr not i”e,“de .,COh”,/Ehc”cm!jccr. 

NOTE’Percrnlr may “0, udd 111,00.0duc 10 rounding. 

Figure B. Percent distribution of white persons aged 1-74 years 

with income above poverty level by frequency of intake of 

selected food groups: United States, 1971-74 
Whole mdk.. Whale rndk. 

Skm nldk .­

hIeat and Mear and

poultry.. 

F,sh and Ftsh and 

shellftsh 

Eggs 

Cheese... 

Legumes. seeds. 

and nuts... 

Fruits and Fruns and 

vegetables. vegetables. 

all ktnds ..I.... all kmds .__.,.. 

Fruits and veg Fruits and veg 

etables rich etables rzh 

,n wtamtn A m wtamm A 

Fruits and veg Frwtr and veg 

ctables nch etables rtch 

I” “namln c m vitamm C 

Coffee and 

tea. 

SIIIY 

S”lEkS.. ., 

o! 

PERCENT OF PERSONS PERCENT OF PERSONS 

Figure C. Percent distribution of black persons aged 1-74 years Figure D. Percent distribution of black persons aged l-74 years 

with income below poverty level by frequency of intake of with income above poverty level by frequency of intake of 

selected food groups: United States, 1971-74 selected food groups: United States, 1971-74 

5. 
FEMALES MALES 

1-5 years: 

White 

Black 

6.11 years: 

Whiie 

Black 

12-17 years: White 

Black 

18.44 years: 

White 

Black 

45-64 years: 

White 

Black 

65.74 years: 

White 

Black 

0 10 20 :RCE,“, r%RSQ:! 70 80 90 1043 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 

OF PERCENT OF PERSONS 

FREQUENCYOFINTAKE n ;;tiys day 3 times a day 2 fimeS a day Once a day q ;;ep’.‘,i,, a IIs”;;” Or 

NOTE: Pcrccntr moy not add to 100.0 due to rounding. 

Figure 1. Percent distributions of females and males by frequency of intake of whole milk, according to age and race: 

United States, 1971-74 

l-5 years: 

White 

Black 

6-l 1 years: 

White 

12-17 years: 

White 

Black 

16-44 years: 

White 

Black 

45-64 years: White 

Black 

65-74 years: 

White 

Black 

FEMALES MALES 

I I I f I II 11 (1 1 ’ 11 1 f 1 ’ I 

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1W 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 60 60 100 

PERCENT OF PERSONS PERCENT OF PERSONS 

FREQUENCY OF INTAKE H ztii”,9’,” day 3 times a day 2 timer a day Once a day 

Figure 2. Percent distributions of females and males by frequency of intake of skim milk, according to age and race: United States, 1971-74 
FEMALES MALES 

l-5 y*rr: 

Whits 

Blak 

12-l 7 ywrr: 

White 

Bhck 

E-74 years: 

Whal 

L 11 11 II 11 1 r II r 11 v 3 * 8 11 

0 10 M 30 40 50 80 70 Bo QLI 100 0 10 M 30 40 So @I 70 an 90 1w PERCENT OF PERSONS PERCENT OF PERSONS 

FREoUENCY OF INTAKE n $imi;dW 2 times a dry Once a dry 

NOTE: PImntr may not add to 100.0 *lx 10 lrald!a 

Figure 3. Percent distributions of females and males by frequency of intake of meat and poultry, according to age and race: 

United States, 1971-74 

FEMALES MALES 

48 50 

w .._ 41 

l-5 yews: 

White 

BhCk 

811 yMn: 

whkl 

B*ek 

12.17yun: 

White 

1844 y0.n: 

White 

4564 ya.rr: 

Whit0 

Black 

6674 yeas: 

White 

BhCk 

I 1 1 I I 1 I a I 1 L IS 1 I I I I 84 1 

0 10 20 30 40 50 69 70 80 90 1w 0 10 2fJ 30 40 50 6a 70 80 90 loo 

PERCENT OF PERSONS PERCENT OF PERSONS 

FRECIUENCYOFINTAKE H.Stii”e day 3 timer a day 2 times a day Once a day #;L;“” a q E> Or 

Figure 4. Percent distributions of females and males by frequency of intake of fish and shellfish, according to age and race: 

United States, 1971-74 
FEMALES MALES 1.5 years: 

Whits 

Black 

6-l 1 years: 

White 

Black 

12.17 years: 

White 

Black 

18-44 yean: 

White 

Black 

45-64 years: 

White 

Black 

65.74 years: 

White 

Black 

FREQUENCYOFINTAKE Once a day 

NOTE: Percentsmay not add to 1W.O dw to mund@ 

Figure 5. Percent distributions of females and males by frequency of intake of eggs, according to age and race: 

United States, 1971-74 

FEMALES 

l-5 years: 

White 

Bbck 

6-l 1 years: 

Whit!? 

Black 

12-l 7 years: 

Whiie 

Black 

m-44 years: 

White 

Black 

45-64 years: 

White 

Black 

65.74 years: 

White 

Black 

40 50 60 70 80 90 100 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 0 

PERCENTOF PERSONS PERCENT OF PERSONS 

FREQUENCY OF INTAKE ¤~:~~~dav q 3timesaday 2 times a day Onceaday g;fepesa q z;zo’ 

NOTE: Fmcentr nmy “Of add to ,cm.o *lx fomunding. 

Figure 6. Percent distributions of females and males by frequency of intake of cheese, according to age and race: 

United States, 1971-74 
FEMALES MALES 

Black 

511 yaws: 

Whlre 

Black 

12.17 yews: 

White 

E1ec.k 

4&?4 years: 

White 

Black 

6574 years: 

White 

Bbck 

I I 1 I I I I 1 1 I 1 

0 10 20 30 40 EC EC 70 60 %I loo 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 au 90 1w 

PERCENT OF PERSONS PERCENT OF PERSONS 

FREQUENCY OF IN 2 times a day 

Figure7. Percent distributions of females and males by frequency of intake of legumes, seeds, and nuts, according to age and race: 

United States, 1971-74 

FEMALES MALES 

1.6 ynn: 

Whita 

12.17 yea”: 

Whita 

l&44 years! 

White 

Black 

4fi.M ymrr: 

White 

65-74 yc.0: 

Whim 

0 10 20 30 40 EC 60 70 80 90 loo 0 10 20 xl 40 So 60 70 80 SO 100 

PERCENT OF PERSONS PERCENT OF PERSONS 

FREQUENCY OF IN TAKE n i:;;;; day 3 times a day 2 times a day Once a day a;:;“” a q ;z Or 

rdd to LOO.0due to rounding. 

Figure 8. Percent distributions of females and males by frequency of intake of fruits and vegetables, all kinds, according to age and race: 

United States, 1971-74 

9 
FEMALES MALES l-5 years: 

White 

Black 

611 years: 

White 

Black 

12-l 7 years: 

White 

Black 

18-44 years: 

White 

Black 

4564 years: 

White 

Black 

6574 years: 

White 

Black 

0 10 20 %RCE% %RSO,“,” 70 80 90 100 0 10 20 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 

OF ;iRCENT OF PERSONS 

FREQUENCY OF INTAKE n ztiiy day 3 times a day 2 times a day Once a day q ;fe;mes a 0;:: Or 

NOTE: Percentsmay not add to ,oo.o due to round@. 

Figure 9. Percent distributions of females and males by frequency of intake of fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin 

according to age and race: United States, 1971-74 

FEMALES MALES 

l-5 years: 

White 

Black 

6.11 years: 

White 

Black 

12.17 years: 

White 

Black 

18-44 years: 

White 

Black 

45-64 years: 

White 

Black 

65.74 years: 

White 

Black 

0 10 20 30 40 60 60 70 80 90 loo o IO 20 30 40 50 60 70 SO 0 

PERCENT OF PERSONS PERCENT OF PERSONS 

FREQUENCY OF INTAKE ¤~~~~~~day q 3timesaday 2 times a day Once aday q ;,zrner a q “n;zOr NOTE: Percentrmay not rdd to LOO.0due to rounding. 

Figure 10. Percent distributions of females and males by frequency of intake of fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin C, 

according to age and race: United States, 1971-74 

IO 
FEMALES MALES 

l-5 years. 

White 

Black 

6 11 years: 

White 

Black 

12.17 years: 

White 

Black 

16.44 years: 

White 

Black 

45-64 years: 

White 

Black 

65.74 years: 

White 

Black 

0 10 20 %7CE~~ PER&: 50 70 WI 90 100 0 10 20 &CEi% 50 w 70 60 90 loo 

OF OF PERSONS 

FREQUENCY OF INTAKE 4 ttmes a day 3 timer a day 2 timer a day Onaaday q z;““” mEma or mwe 

NOTE Percma may nu, rdd h’ ,a).0 due to roundin& 

Figure 11. Percent distributions of females and males by frequency of intake of bread, according to age and race: 

United States, 1971-74 

FEMALES MALES 

1.6 years. 

12-17 years. 

4564 year% 

65.74 years: 

60 70 64 90 100 0 10 20 30 40 PERCENT OF PERSONS 

FRECUENCY OF INTAKE 

NOTE Perrcnu mny nut dd I/. 1w.u due tu PJ”“dlrl~. 

Figure 12. Percent distributions of females and males by frequency of intake of cereals, according to age and race: 

United States, 1971-74 

11 
FREQUENCY OF INTAKE 

Figure 13. Percent distributions of females and males by frequency of intake of fats and oils, according to age and race: 

United States, 1971-74 

-

1.5 years: 

White 

Black 

6-l 1 years: 

White 

Black 

12.17years: 

White 

Black 

18.44 year*: 

White 

Slack 

45.64 year*: 

White 

Black 

65.74 years: 

White 

Slack 

0 10 20 30 70 80 90 PERCEis OF %RSON6! PERCENT OF PERSONS 

FREQUENCY OF INTAKE n d:$i:dav “:,”q 3 times a day 2 times a day q jOnce a day aLfey a •~~~mor 

NOTE, Rlccnll may “0, add I” 1co.o d”C w ,o”“&ng. 

Figure 14. Percent distributions of females and males by frequency of intake of desserts, according to age and race: 

United States, 1971-74 

12 
FEMALES MALES 

l-5 years: 

White 

Black 

6.11 years: 

White 

Black 

12.17 Years: White 

Black 

18.44 years: White 

Black 

4564 years: 

White 

Black 

6574 years: 

White 

1 I I 1 I I I I 1 1 I f 11 II * 17 b ’ 

0 10 20 30 4-o 50 64 70 Bo 90 loo 0 10 M J) 40 50 60 70 Bo 90 1w 

PERCENT OF PERSONS PERCENT OF PERSONS 

Figure 16. Percent distributions of females and males by frequency of intake of candy, according to age and race: 

l-5 “earl: 

White 

Black 

6.11 years: 

Whmte 

Black 

12-17 year% 

White 

Black 

19-44 years: 

Wh&z 

Black 

4564 yearr: 

WhIta 

Black 

65.74 years: 

White 

Black 

Unlted States, 1971-74 

FEMALES MALES 

I I I ! I I I ! ! * , IO I 84 I I I t 8 I 

0 10 20 30 40 SO 60 70 80 90 1w 0 ,o 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 109 

PERCENT OF PERSONS PERCENT OF PERSONS 

Figure 16. Percent distributions of females and males by frequency of intake of sweetened beverages,l according to age and race: 

United States, 1971-74 
FEMALES MALES 

1.5 years: 

White 

Black 

6.11 years: 

White 

Black Ei 

12.17 years: 

White 83 

Black 94 

18.44 years: 

White 

Black 

45.64 years: 

White 

Black 

66.74 years: 

White 

I 

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 so 100 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 so loo 

PERCENT OF PERSONS PERCENT OF PERSONS 

FRECIUENCY OF INTAKE H::;;s; day 3 times a day 2 times a day Once a day q ;$” Or 

Figure 17. Percent distributions of females and males by frequency of intake of artificially sweetened beverages,1 according to age and race: United States, 1971-74 

FEMALES MALES l-5 years: 

White 

Black 

6-l 1 years: 

White 

Black 

12.17 years: 

White 

Black 

18.44 years: 

White 

Slack 

45.64 years: 

White 

Slack 

66-74 years: 

White 

Slack 

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 SO 100 o IO 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 

PERCENT OF PERSONS PERCENT OF PERSONS 

FREOUENCY OF INTAKE H,“iz:fldavq 3 times a day 2 times a day Once a day @II;,“,;““” a q “n:z” Or 

NOTE: Pcrccnlr may not add ,o IW.0 due f~ rounr~,,~. 

Figure 18. Percent distributions of females and males by frequency of intake of coffee and tea, according to age and 

race: United States, 1971-74 

14 
’ L 

FEMALES MALES 

l-5 years: 

White 

El1 yeam 

_ Whits 

Black 

12.17 yerr: Whita 

Black 

m-44 ym%: 

Whim 

4564 ears: 

White 

Black 

6574 yaan: 

White 

Bkck 

I I( 1 - 1”’ 0 

PERCE; i%%SO~ 70 80 90 loo 0 10 20 30 40 60 60 70 80 90 loo 0 10 20 30 OF PERCENT OF PERSONS 

FRE(IUENCY OF INTAKE n $time; day 2 times a day 

NOTE Rrcms nuy not add to mo.0 due 10 mdLy 

Figure 19. Percent distributions of females and males by frequency of intake of salty snacks, according to age and race: 

United States, 1971-74 

15 
1.5 years: 

White 

Black 

6,1 1 years: 

White 

Black 

12.17 years 

White 

1844 years: 

White 

Black 

45.64 years: 

White 

Black 

65.74 years: 

White 

Black 

FREQUENCYOF 

INCOME BELOW POVERTY LEVEL INCOME ABOVE POVERTY LEVEL 

II I I I I.1 L I,, 1 I I I I I I , , I , 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 68 90 100 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 

PERC.ENT OF PERSONS PERCENT OF PERSONS 

Figure 20. Percent distributions of females with income below poverty level and with income above poverty level by frequency of intake 

of whole milk, according to age and race: United States. 1971-74 

INCOME BELOW POVERTY LEVEL INCOME ABOVE POVERTY LEVEL 

1.5 years: 

White 

Black 

6.11 yearr: 

White 

Black 

12.17 years: 

White 

Black 

18.44 years: 

White 

Black 

45.64 years: 

White 

Black 

65.74 years: 

White 

Black 

70 80 90 1 

FREQUENCYOFINTAKE 

Figure 21. Percent distributions of males with income below poverty level and with income above ooverty level by frequency of intake 

of whole milk, according to age and race: United States, 1971-74 

16 
INCOME BELOW POVERTY LEVEL INCOME ABOVE POVERTY LEVEL 

l-5 years: 

Whifs 

Black 

611 ywrr: 

White 

Black 

12.17 yurr: White 

Black 

1644 year: 

White 

Black 

45.64 yeus: 

White 

6574 wan: 

White 

Black 

, v I $1 11 I1 v, 

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 w loo PERCENT OF PERSONS 

Figure 22. Percent distributions of females with income below poverty level and with income above poverty level by frequency of intake 

of skim milk, according to age and race: United States, 1971-74 

INCOME BELOW POVERTY LEVEL INCOME ABOVE POVERTY LEVEL 

1.5 years: 

White 

Black 

611 years: 

White 

Black 

12.17 yean: whh 

Black 

1644 y9.m 

WhRa 

Black 

4664 yexs: White 

Black 

8574 yews: 

White 

Black 

0 10 20 ERCENT40 PERSO: 50 70 80 eo loo 0 10 20 30 40 So 60 70 0F PERCENT OF PERSONS 

FREQUENCY OF INTAKE n ~i~day 3 tima a dry 2 timer a day Oncerday ,z;mwa q T,m”’ 

NOTE Rrcents my not add to 100.0 due to row&q. 

Figure 23. Percent distributions of males with income below poverty level and with income above poverty level by frequency of intake 

of skim milk, according to age and race: United States, 1971-74 

17 
1.5 years: 

White 

Black 

6-l 1 years: 

White 

Black 

12.17 years: 

White 

Black 

18.44 years: 

White 

Slack 

45.64 years: 

White 

Black 

65.74 years: 

Whit% 

Slack 

FREQUENCY OF INTAKE 

INCOME BELOW POVERTY LEVEL INCOME ABOVE POVERTY LEVEL 

n ,“$:i:dav “:,”q 3 times a day Once a day H;fe;mera q F;$m Or 

NOTE: mccntr nuy “0, add 1” 100.0 due lo rounding. 

Figure ‘24. Percent distributions of females with income below poverty level and with inCOme above poverty level by frequency Of intz 

of meat and poultry, according to age and race: United States, 1971-74 

PERCENT OF PERSONS 

FREOUENCYOFINTAKE Once a day ,;fzrnes a q E,$““’ 

Figure 25. Percent distributions of males with income below poverty level and with income above poverty level by frequency of ints 

of meat and poultry, according to age and race: United States, 1971-74 

18 

0 
53 lU ue 

INCOME BELOW POVERTY LEVEL INCOME ABOVE POVERTY LEVEL 

1.5 yews: 

White 

611 ysm: 

White 

Black 

pars: 

12.17 White 

Black 

18-M years: 

White 

45.64 years White 

Black 

65.74 year* 

White -1 1 59 

42 Eilsck 1 1 1 1 0 1 I, , , , , 

0 10 20 ZRCENT40 P?RSOi$ 70 80 90 100 0 IO M 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 

OF PERCENT OF PERSONS 

FREQUENCYOFINTAKE or rmrc q Lfp-” q zm”’ 4 tunes a day 3 wnar a day 2 tmes s day Onaadsy NOTE Rlrrlllr M“I .ddl ,Irn”uil rll”ndlnr 

Figure 26. Percent distributions of females with income below poverty level and with income above poverty level by frequency of intake 

of fish and shellfish, according to age and race: United States, 1971-74 

INCOME BELOW POVERTY LEVEL INCOME ABOVE POVERTY LEVEL 

1.5 yens 

Whm 

Black 

611 yews: White 

Blsck 

12.17 years: White 

Black 

1644 pm: 

White 

Black 

45-M year*: White 

65-74 ys.n: 

White 51 

Blsck I, 48 I I I 

I( 

0 10 

II 

20 

II 1 11 

30 40 50 64 70 Bo 

’ 1 

90 1w 

I 

0 

““I 

10 20 3o 40 5.9 90 70 80 90 100 

PERCENT OF PERSONS PERCENT OF PERSONS 

3 timer a day 2 times I day Once a day 

Figure 27. Percent distributions of males with income below poverty level and with income above poverty level by frequency of intake 

of fish and shellfish, according to age and race: United States, 1971-74 

19 
INCOME BELOW POVERTY LEVEL INCOME ABOVE POVERTY LEVEL 

1-5 years: 

White 

Black 

6.1, years: 

White 

Black 

12.17 years: 

White 

Black 

1844 yearr: White 

Black 

45-64 years: White 

Black 

65.74 years: White 

Black 

I I II ( II 1) $0 0 11 If 11 1 c ’ 0 10 20 ERCEN40T PERSONGSO 50 70 80 90 100 0 10 20 ERCENT40 50 60 70 80 90 100 

OF OF ~m.soNs 

FREOUENCYOFINTAKE q ~,tiimy day 3 times a day 2 times a day Once a day @;fe;mes a q f:2 ” 

NOTE: PercEnrsmay “0, xld 10 lOO.Od”Ci” rounding. 

Figure 28. Percent distributions of females with income below poverty level and with income above poverty level by frequency Qf intake 

1.5 years: 

White 

Black 

6-11 years: White 

Black 

12.17 years: White 

Black 

18-44 years: White 

Black 

45.64 years: White 

Black 

_ 65.74 years: 

White 

Black 

FREQUENCY OF IN 

NOTE: Percentsmay not 

of eggs, according to age and race: United States, 1971-74 

INCOME BELOW POVERTY LEVEL INCOME ABOVE POVERTY LEVEL 

0 10 20 %EENT 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

OFPERSONS 

Onceaday q ;z;mera q ;;p” 

Figure 29. Percent distributions of males with income below poverty level and with income above poverty level by frequency of intake 

of eggs, according to age and race: United States, 1971-74 

20 
1.5 youc 

Whire 

Black 

a1 1 y&m: 

White 

Black 

12.17ysarr: 

White 

Black 

18.44 years: 

White 

45.64 yeart. 

White 

Black 

65.74 years: 

White 

Black 

FREOUENCY OF IN 

INCOME BELOW POVERTY LEVEL INCOME ABOVE POVERTY LEVEL 

I( 1 I I I I I ( I I I 

0 10 20 %?RCEi% OF gRSO$ 70 80 w 100 0 10 20 xl 4-o 50 60 70 Bo 90 1w 

PERCENT OF PERSONS 

Figure 30. Percent distributions of females with income below poverty level and with income above poverty level by frequency of intake 

of cheese, according to age and race: United States, 1971-74 

INCOME BELOW POVERTY LEVEL INCOME ABOVE POVERTY LEVEL 

1.5 years: 

White 

Black 

611 yaw,: 

White 

Black 

12.17ysarr: White 

Blnck 

la44 YC~~S: White 

Black 

45-64 years: 

White 

Black 

65.74 years: 

63 

L 11 I1 I * I ! 1 

0 10 M ZOERCE$ EC 60 70 80 90 ml 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 

0F PERSONS PERCENT OF PERSONS 

FREOUENCY OF INTAKE 3 timer a day 2 timer a day 

Figure 31. Percent distributions of males with income below poverty level and with income above poverty level by frequency Of intake 

of cheese, according to age and race: United States, 1971-74 

21 
l-5 years: 

White 

Black 

6-l 1 years: 

White 

Black 

12-17 yearr: 

White 

Black 

18-44 years: 

White 

Black 

4564 years: 

White 

Black 

65.74 years: 

White 

Black 

FREQUENCY OF IN 

INCOME BELOW POVERTY LEVEL INCOME ABOVE POVERTY LEVEL 

I I I I ! I I I , a 10 20 %RCE: zRSOt$ 70 80 90 100 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 loo OF PERCENT OF PERSONS 

3 timer a day 2 times a day 

Figure 32. Percent distributions of females with income below poverty level and with income above poverty level by frequency of intake 

1-5 years: 

White 

Black 

6.11 years: 

White 

Black 

12-17 years: 

White 

lB-44 years: 

White 

45.64 years: 

White 

Black 

65.74 years: 

White 

FREQUENCY OF IN 

of legumes, seeds, and nuts, according to age and race: United States, 1971-74 

INCOME BELOW POVERTY LEVEL INCOME ABOVE POVERTY LEVEL 

I I I I I I I I I I, 

0 10 20 :!RC;:“, 50 70 80 90 100 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 loo OF PER,,;: PERCENT OF PERSONS 

Figure 33. Percent distributions of males with income below poverty level and with income above poverty level by frequency of intake 

of legumes, seeds, and nuts, according to age and race: United States, 1971-74 

22 
INCOME BELOW POVERTY LEVEL INCOME ABOVE POVERTY LEVEL 

1.5 yews: 

Whltc 

Black 

6.11 years: 

White 

Black 

12.17 years White 

Black 

18.44 years 

White 

Black 

4564 ycarr: White 

Black 

65.74 years: 

White 

Black 

FREQUENCY OF INTAKE Once a day 

NOTE Percents,wy nut add fu 1W 0 dw I” rrr”n&n~ 

Figure 34. Percent distributions of females with income below poverty level and with income above poverty level by frequency of intake 

of fruits and vegetables, all kinds, according to age and race: United States,‘1 971-74 

INCOME BELOW POVERTY LEVEL INCOME ABOVE POVERTY LEVEL 

1.5 ye*rr: 

Whlfc 

18.44 yearn: 

White 

Black 

45.64 years: White 

Black 

65.74 years: 

White 

Black 

II I I I I ! 1 I I I $1 I8 11 I I II I 

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1W 0 10 20 30 40 50 6U 70 80 90 100 

PERCENT OF PERSONS PERCENT OF PERSONS 

FREQUENCY OF INTAKE =‘?;;a;; day 3 timer a day 2 times a day Once a day q ;z;mes a q :&m Or 

NOTE’Ftrcrntr rmy not add t* 1w.o din 1,’ruumhg. 

Figure 35. Percent distributions of males with income below poverty level and with income above poverty level by frequency of intake 

of fruits and vegetables, all kinds, according to age and race: United States, 1971-74 

23 
INCOME BELOW POVERTY LEVEL INCOME ABOVE POVERTY LEVEL 

l-5 years: 

White 

Black 

6.11 years: 

White 

Black 

12.17 year*: White 

Black 

18-44 years: White 

Black 

45.64 years: White 

Black 

65.74 years: 

White 

Black 

FREOUENCY OF INTAKE 

Figure 36. Percent distributions of females with income below poverty level and with income above poverty level by frequency of intake 

of fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin A, according to age and race: United States, 1971-74 

1.5 years: 

White 

Black 

6.11 years: 

White 

12.17 years: 

White 

Black 

18.44 years: White 

Black 

45.64 years: White 

Black 

65-74 years: 

White 

Black 

FREOUENCY OF IN 

,NCOME BELOW POVERTY LEVEL INCOME ABOVE POVERTY LEVEL 

I I t I I I II I I I 

0 10 20 30 40 60 60 70 80 90 100 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 

PERCENT OF PERSONS PERCENT OF PERSONS 

Figure 37. Percent distributions of males with income below poverty level and with income above poverty level by frequency of intake 

of fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin A, according to age and race: United States, 1971-74 

24 
,NCOME ABOVE POVERTY LEVEL 

1.5 yew% 

White 

Black 

6-l 1 years: White 

Black 

12.17 yaarr: White 

lS.44 yrrr: Whltc 

Black 

45.64 years: White 

65-74 year*: White 

I 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 So 

PERCENT OF PERSONS 

FREQUENCY OF INTAKE n $tiiw&a day 3 rimes a day 2 rimes a day 

NOTE: Fwcrntr my “0, add 1” IW 0 due r” roumhng 

Figure 38. Percent distributions of females with income below poverty level and with income above poverty level by frequency of intake 

of fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin C, according to age and race: United States. 1971-74 

INCOME BELOW POVERTY LEVEL INCOME ABOVE POVERTY LEVEL 

1.5 yea,r: 

White 

Black 

6.11 ywrr: Whit0 

12.17 yaws: WhM 

18.44 ymrr: Whltc 

4564 years: 

White 

65-74 yews: 

White 

II * 1 ’ 1 ’ f”“““’ v ’ 1 

0 10 20 30 40 50 M) 70 80 90 102 0 10 20 40 50 60 70 80 90 loo 

PERCENT OF PERSONS ERCENT OF PERSONS 

FREQUENCY OF INTAKE n z;timey day 3 times a day 

Figure 39. Percent distributions of males with income below poverty level and with income above poverty level by frequency of intake 

of fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin C, according to age and race: United States, 1971-74 

25 
-- 

l-5 years: 

White 

Black 

6-l 1 years: 

White 

Black 

12-17 years: White 

18.44 years: 

White 

Black 

Black 

65.74 years: 

White 

Black 

Figure 40. Percent di 

1.5 years: 

White 

Black 

6.11 years: 

White 

Black 

12.17 years: White 

Black 

l&l4 years: 

White 

Black 

45.64 years: 

White 

Black 

65.74 years: 

White 

Black 

INCOME BELOW POVERTY LEVEL ,NCOME ABOVE POVERTY LEVEL 

I I , I / , I , I I I I, I > t I, 

0 10 20 E&OF ::RSO,“: 70 80 90 100 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 

PERCENT OF PERSONS 

TAKE n z,d;;;; dw 3 times a day 2 times a day Once a day 

add 10 IW.Od”c I” rounding. 

stributions of females with income below poverty level and with income above poverty level by frequency of intake 

of bread, according to age and race: L lnited States, 1971-74 

INCOME BELOW POVERTY LEVEL INCOME ABOVE POVERTY LEVEL 

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 o ,O 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 0 

PERCENTOF PERSONS PERCENT OF PERSONS 

FREQUENCY OF INTAKE n .I$;: day 3 times a day 2 timesa day Once a day #;te;m’s a q ]p;$mor 

NOTE: PercEnt*may not add 10 lw.o due to rounding. 

Figure 41. Percent distributions of males with income below poverty level and with income above poverty level by frequency of intake 

of bread, according to age and race: United States, 1971-74 

26 
INCOME BELOW POVERTY LEVEL INCOME ABOVE POVERTY LEVEL 

1 5 yearl 

While 

Black 

12 17 yt!m. White 

Black 

18 44 years WhlW 

Black 

45-64 years: WhiW 

Black 

65 74 years 

White 

Black 

Figure 42. Percent distributions of females with income below poverty level and with income above poverty level by frequency of 

intake of cereals, according to age and race: United States, 1971-74 

INCOME BELOW POVERTY LEVEL INCOME ABOVE POVERTY LEVEL 

l-5 ,ears. 

White 

El&k 

6.11 years: White 

RldCk 

12 17 years: Whtte 

Black 

16 44 yearr Wh,te 

Slack 

45-64 years: White 

Black 

65-74 years: White 

Black 

I ! 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 I 

0 10 20 &CE,“, t%SO:! 70 80 90 loo 0 10 20 30 40 60 60 70 80 90 100 

OF PERCENT OF PERSONS 

3 times a day 2 times a day 

Figure 43. Percent distributions of males with income below poverty level and with income above poverty level by frequency of intake 

of cereals, according to age and race: United States, 1971-74 

27 
1.5 years: 

White 

Black 

6.11 years: 

White 

Black 

12.17 years: 

White 

Black 

18.44 years: 

White 

Black 

45.54 years: 

White 

Black 

65.74 years: 

White 

Black 

FREQUENCY OF IN 

INCOME BELOW POVERTY LEVEL ..___.._. -_.-._.- --.--

I I I I I,, ,I,, I I II I I I I G I, 

0 10 20 30PERCE$ 50 60 70 80 90 100 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 loo OF PERSONS PERCENT OF PERSONS 

TAKE n $i;;; dw 3 timer a day 2 times a day 

add to IW.OdW mro”ndi”g. 

Figure 44. Percent distributions of females with income below poverty level and with income above poverty level by frequency of int ake 

of fats and oils, according to age and race .1.. United States, 1971-74 

INCOME ABOVE POVERTY LEVEL 

FREQUENCY OF INTAKE 

Figure 45. Percent distributions of males with income below poverty level and with income above poverty level by frequency of intake 

of fats and oils, according to age and race: United States, 1971-74 

28 
INCOME BELOW POVERTY LEVEL INCOME ABOVE POVERTY LEVEL 1.5 years: 

Whae 

Black 

B-1 1 years: 

White 

Black 

12.17 years: 

White 

Black 

18-44 years: 

White 

Black 

45.64 years: 

White 

Black 

65.74 yeatx 

White 

Black 

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 BO 90 100 0 10 20 &CENT 40 50 60 70 Bo 90 loo PERCENT OF PERSONS OF PERSONS 

FREOUENCYOFINTAKE n ~ti;i;a day 3 times a day 2 times a day Once a day &z;mK = q $Ernor 

NOTE Rrrmh nu) nut add !L1IW 0 iluc tu W”dl”E 

Figure 46. Percent distributions of females with income below poverty level and with income above poverty level by frequency of intake 

of desserts, according to age and race: United States, 1971-74 

INCOME BELOW POVERTY LEVEL INCOME ABOVE POVERTY LEVEL 1.5 years: 

Whtte 

Black 

611 years: 

White 

Black 

12.17 years: 

Whtte 

Black 

19.44 years: 

White 

Black 

4564 years: 

White 

Black 

65.74 years: 

White 

Black 

0 10 20 30 40 60 60 70 80 90 1M) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 PERCENT OF PERSONS PERCENT OF PERSONS 

FREOUENCY OF INTAKE wztii;;; day 3 times a day 2 times a day Once a day q ;z;“” a q E$m Or 

NOTE: Rxrntr may not add tu la, 0 due I” roundm& 

Figure 47. Percent distributions ot males with income below poverty level and with income above poverty level by frequency of intake 

of desserts, according to age and race: United States, 1971-74 

29 
INCOME ABOVE POVERTY LEVEL 

1.5 years: 

White 

Black 

6.1, years: 

While 

Black 

12.17 years: White 

Black 

I a.44 yean: 

White 

Black 

45-64 years: White 

Black 

65.74 years: 

White 

Black 

II 11 1 II 11 ’ 1 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 ,oo o ,o 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 

PERCENT OF PERSONS PERCENT OF PERSONS 

FREQUENCY OF INTAKE n ,“tii;,s; day 3 times a day 2 times a day Onceadav q ;z;mesa q ]f;p” 

NOTE Fwecntsmy not add IO IW.Od”e I” ‘oundmg. 

Figure 48. Percent distributions of females with income below poverty level and with income above poverty level by frequency of intake 

1-5 years: 

White 

Black 

6-l 1 years: 

White 

Black 

12.17 years: White 

Black 

l&44 years: 

White 

Black 

45-64 years: 

White 

Black 

65.74 yean: 

White 

Black 

FREQUENCYOFINTAKE 

of candy, according to age and race: United States, 1971-74 

INCOME BELOW POVERTY LEVEL INCOME ABOVE POVERTY LEVEL 

60 70 80 SO 100 0 10 20 30 40 0 

PERCENTOF PERSONS 

Once a day 

NOTE: Percentsmy “Of add 10 I00.0 due 10 rounding. 

Figure 49. Percent distributions of males with income below poverty level and with income above poverty level by frequency of intake 

of candy, according to age and race: United States, 1971-74 

30 
1.5 yexs: White 

a, 1 pan: White 

Black 

12.17 year*: White 

Black 

18.44 year% White 

4564 yam: White 

Black 

65.74 yean: White 

0 ,o 

FREQUENCY OF INTAKE 

Figure 50. Percent distributions 

1.5 y*.,s: 

White 

Black 

El 1 years: White 

12.17 yews: White 

1844 yaws: ‘&hits 

Black 

65.74 years: Whita 

Black 

I 1 

0 10 

,NCOME ABOVE POVERTY LEVEL ,NCOME BELOW WVERTY LEVEL 

20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 102 

PERCENTOF PERSONS 

n ~Gmim;a day 3 times a day 2 times a day Once a day 

of females with income below poverty level and with income above poverty level by frequency of intake 

of sweetened beverages,l according to age and race: United States, 1971-74 

INCOME BELOW POVERTY LEVEL INCOME ABOVE POVERTY LEVEL 

’ ’ ’ ’ 1 ’ I 

20 30 40 50 MI 70 60 90 loo PERCENT OF PERSONS PERCENT OF PERSONS 

Figure 51. Percent distributions of males with income below poverty level and with income above poverty level by frequency of intake 

of sweetened beverages,l according to age and race: United States, 1971-74 

31 
INCOME BELOW POVERTY LEVEL INCOME ABOVE POVERTY LEVEL 

94 

12-17 years: 

18-44 vean: 

65.74 years: 

I I I I I I I I I,, I IV 0 4 I I I I I , 

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 0 10 20 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 

PERCENT OF PERSONS ERCENTOF~~flsoNs 

Figure 52. Percent distributions of females with income below poverty level and with income above poverty level by frequency of intake 

of artificially sweetened beverages,l according to age and race: United States, 1971-74. 

,NCOME BELOW POVERTY LEVEL ,NCOME ABOVE POVERTY LEVEL 

1.5 years: 

White 93 

Black 99 

6-l 1 years: White 

Slack 

12-17 years: White 92 

Black 98 

18-44 years: 

45.64 years: 

65.74 years: 96 

I 1 I 1 I I I I I I I 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 0 10 20 60 70 80 90 10, 

PERCENTOF PERSONS 

FREOUENCY OF INTAKE n ‘ltii-; day 3 timesa day 2 times a day Once a day 

Figure 53. Percent distributions of males with income below poverty level and with income above poverty level by frequency of intake 

of artificially sweetened beverages,l according to age and race: United States, 1971-74 

32 
INCOME BELOW POVERTY LEVEL INCOME ABOVE POVERTY LEVEL 

1.5 years: 

White 

Black 

6-l 1 yews: 

White 

Black 

12.17 years: 

White 

Black 

1844 years: White 

Black 

4564 years: 

White 

Black 

65.74 years: 

White 

Black 

Figure 54. Percent distributions of females with income below poverty level and with income above poverty level by frequency of intake 

of coffee and tea, according to age and race: United States, 1971-74 

INCOME BELOW POVERTY-LEVEL INCOME ABOVE POVERTY LEVEL 

l-5 ycarr: 

White 

Black 

E-l 1 yeus: 

White 

Black 

12.17 yam 

White 

Blwk 

l&44 ymn: 

White 

Black 

45.64 years: Whiill 

Black 

BE-74 years: White 

Black 

I 1 1 1 I ! 0 I 1 1 I , t 11 * t 8 1 8 J 

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1M) 0 10 20 30 40 50 w 70 80 90 100 

PERCENT OF PERSONS PERCENT OF PERSONS 

FREQUENCY OF INTAKE wo’tiiy day 3 times a day 2 times a day 

WXE: Rrc.xKr my nat add LOIW.Odut 111ro”“dl”& 

Figure 55. Percent distributions of males with income below poverty level and with income above poverty level by frequency of intake 

of coffee and tea, according to age and race: United States, 1971-74 

33 
1-5 years: 

White 

Black 

6-l 1 pan: 

White 

Black 

12-17 years: White 

Black 

18.44 years: 

White 

Black 

45.64 years: 

White 

Black 

66.74 years: 

White 

Black 

FRECIUENCYOFINTAKE 

INCOME BELOW POVERTY LEVEL INCOME ABOVE POVERTY LEVEL 

a2 

I I t I I I I I t 8 

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 60 90 100 

PERCENT OF PERSONS 

¤~~$~dayq 3 timesa day 2 times a day 

NOTE: Percentrmy “0, add to 100.0 d”C to rounding. 

Figure 56. Percent distributions of females with income below poverty level and with income above poverty level by frequency of intake 

of salty snacks, according to age and race: United States, 1971-74 

INCOME BELOW POVERTY LEVEL INCOME ABOVE POVERTY LEVEL l-5 yearr: 

White 

Black 

6.11 years: 

White 

Black 

12.17 years: 

White 

Black 

18.44 yearr: 

White 

Black 

45.64 years: 

White 

Black 

65.74 years: 

White 68 

Black 87 

I I t I I,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1 

0 10 20 30PERCE;: %RSON6! 70 80 90 100 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 

OF PERCENT OF PERSONS 

Figure 57. Percent distributions of males with income below poverty level and with income above poverty level by frequency of intake 

of salty snacks, according to age and race: United States, 1971-74. 

34 
REFERENCES 

1 Center for Disease Control: “Ten-State Nutrition 

Survey in the United States,” 1968-1970. I-Historical 

Development, II-Demographic Data, DHEW Pub. NO. 

(HSM) 728130; HI-Ciinical, Anthropometry, Dental, 

DHEW Pub. No. (HSM) 72-8131; IV-Biochemical, 

DHEW Pub. No. (HSM) 72-8132; V-Dietary, DHEW Pub. 

No. (HsM) 72-8133; Highlights, DHEW pub. NO. (HSM) 

72-8134, Atlanta, Ga. Health Services and Mental Health 

Administration, 1972. 

BWhite House Conference on Food, Nutrition, and 

Health. Final Report of Panel I-l, p. 24,1969. 

3Nationai Center for Health Statistics: Plan and operation of the Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 

United States, 1971-1973. Vital and Health Statistics. 

DHEW Pub. NO. (HSM) 73-1310. Series 1, NOS. 10a and 

lob. Health Services and Mental Health Administration. 

Washington. U.S. Government Printing Office, Feb. 

1973. . 

4U.S. Bureau of the Census: Poverty increases by 1.2 

million in 1970. Current Population Reports. Series 

P-60, No. 77. Washington. U.S. Government Printing 

Office, May 7, 1971. 

50rshansky, M.: Counting the poor: Another look at 

the ‘poverty profile. So&l Security Bulletin 28(l), Jan. 

1965. 

60rshansky, M.: Who’s who among the poor: A 

demographic view of poverty. Social Security Bulletin 

28(7):3-32, July 1965. 

‘U.S. Bureau of the Census: Revision in poverty statistics, 1959 to 1968. Current Population Reports. Series 

P-23, No. 28. Washington. U.S. Government Printing Office, Aug. 12,1969. 

8Circular No. A-46, Transmittal Memorandum No. 9, 

Executive Office of the President, Bureau of the Budget, 

Aug. 29, 1969, and Exhibit L (rev.). 

gFleck, H.: Introduction to Nutrition, 3d ed. New 

York. MacMillan Publishing Co., Inc., 1976. pp. 

385-412. 

1 ‘Krause, M. V.: Food, Nutiition and Diet Therapy, 

4th ed. Philadelphia. W. B. Saunders Co., 1966. pp. 

501455. 

11 Robinson, C. H.: Normal and Therapeutic Nutrition, 14th ed. New York. MacMillan Publishing Co., Inc., 

.1972. pp. 194-208. 

12U.S. Department of. Agriculture: Food is more 

than something to eat. Home and Garden Bulletin. 

No. 216, July 1976. 

35 
1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

5. 

6. 

7. 

8. 

9. 

10. 

11. 

12. 

13. 

14, 

15. 

16. 

17. 

18. 

LIST OF DETAILED TABLES 

Number of persons in sample, estimated population, and percent distribution of white persons aged l-74 years by frequency 

of intake of selected food groups, according to income level: United States, 1971-74. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Number of persons in sample, estimated population, and percent distribution of black persons aged 1’74 years by frequency 

of intake of selected food groups, according to income level: United States, 1971-74. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Number of persons in sample, estimated population, and percent distribution of females aged l-5 years by frequency of 

intake of selected food groups, according to race: United States, 1971-74 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Number of persons in sample, estimated population, and percent distribution of males aged l-5 years by frequency of intake of selected food groups, according to race: United States, 1971-74. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Number of persons in sample, estimated population, and percent distribution of females aged 6-11 years by frequency of intake of selected food groups, according to race: United States, 1971-74. . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Number of persons in sample, estimated population, and percent distribution of males aged 6-11 years by frequency of intake of selected food groups, according to race: United States, 1971-74. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Number of persons in sample, estimated population and percent distribution of females aged 12-17 years by frequency of intake of selected food groups, according to race: United States, 1971-74. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Number of persons in sample, estimated population, and percent distribution of males aged 12-17 years by frequency of intake of selected food groups, according to race: United States, 1971-74. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . 

Number of persons in sample, estimated population, and percent distribution of females aged 18-44 years by frequency of 

intake of selected food groups, according to race: United States, 1971-74 ., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Number of persons in sample, estimated population, and percent distribution of males aged 18-44 years by frequency of intake of selected food groups, according to race: United States, 1971-74. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Number of persons in sample, estimated population, and percent distribution of females aged 45-64 years by frequency of 

intake of selected food groups, according to race: United States, 1971-74, . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Number of persons in sample, estimated population, and percent distribution of males aged 45-64 years by frequency of 

intake of selected food groups, according to race: United States, 1971-74 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Number of persons in sample, estimated population, and percent distribution of females aged 65-74 years by frequency of 

intake of selected food groups, according to race: United States, 1971-74 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Number of persons in sample, estimated population, and percent distribution of males aged 65-74 years by frequency of 

intake of selected food groups, according to race: United States, 1971-74 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Number of persons in sample, estimated population, and percent distribution of females aged l-5 years by frequency of 

intake of selected food groups, according to income level and race: United States, 1971-74 . . . . . . . ! . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Number of persons in sample, estimated population, and percent distribution of males aged 1-5 years by frequency of 

intake of selected food groups, according to income level and race: United States, 1971-74 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Number of persons in sample, estimated population, and percent distribution of females aged 6-11 years by frequency of 

intake of selected food groups, according to income level and race: United States, 1971-74 . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Number of persons in sample, estimated population, and percent distribution of males aged 6-11 years by frequency of 

intake of selected food groups, according to income level and race: United States, 1971-74 . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . 

38 

39 

40 

41 

42 

43 

44 

45 

46 

47 

48 

49 

50 

51 

52 

54 

56 

58 

36 
19. Number of persons in sample, estimated population, and percent distribution of females aged 12-17 years by frequency of 

intake of selected food groups, according to income level and race: United States, 1971-74 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 

20. Number of persons in sample, estimated population, and percent distribution of males aged 12-17 years by frequency of 

intake of selected food groups, according to income level and race: United States, 1971-74 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 

21. Number of persons in sample, estimated population, and percent distribution of females aged 18-44 years by frequency of 

intake of selected food groups, according to income level and race: United States, 1971-74 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 

22. Number of persons in sample, estimated population, and percent distribution of males aged 18-44 years by frequency of 

intake of selected food groups, according to income level and race: United States, 1971-74 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 

23. Number of persons in sample, estimated population, and percent distribution of females aged 45-64 years by frequency of 

intake of selected food groups, according to income level and race: United States, 1971-74 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 

24. Number of persons in sample, estimated population, and percent distribution of males aged 45-64 years by frequency of 

intake of selected food groups, according to income level and race: United States, 1971-74 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 

25. Number of persons in sample, estimated population, and percent distribution of females aged 65-74 years by frequency of 

intake of selected food groups, according to income level and race: United States, 1971-74 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 

26. Number of persons in sample, estimated population, and percent distribution of males aged 65-74 years by frequency of 

intake of selected food groups, according to income level and race: United States, 1971-74 . . . _ . . . . _ . . . . . . . . . . . 74 

. 

37 
-------------------------------- 

Table 1. Number of persons in sample, estimated population, and percent distribution of white persons aged 1-74 years by frequency of intake of selected food groups, according to income level: United States, 1971-74 

Frequency of intake 

Number of Estimated 

Income level and food group persons populatior I I I I I 

in in sample thousands 

I I I I I 

Income below poverty level Percent distribution 

Whole mLlk------------------------------------------ 2,118 16,101 17.3 22.0 skim milk------------------------------------------- 2,116 16,074 6.7 i67:: Meat and po"lt+ys----------------------------------- 2,114 2::: 24.2 Fish and shellfish---------------------------------- 2,12c 5x Egg*------------------------------------------------ 2,llE E 2"0*: 17:5 Cheese---------------------------------------------- 2,llE 16,099 27.5 Legumes, seeds, and nllts---------------------------- 2,118 16,093 i:'; lb 

9 6215 

24.9 Fruits and vegetables, all kinds-------------------- 2,103 36:6 E Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin A----------- 2,106 "2: 5415 4::: Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin C----------- 2,lOC Bread----------------------------------------------- 2,116 32; Cereal*--------------------------------------------- 2,118 Fats and owls-------------------------------------- 2,117 1% De**ert*-------------------------------------------- 2,117 Candv----------------------------------------------- 2,118 16,096 26:; 34.9 Swe&ned beverages’ 16,087 22.c Artificially sweetened beveraeesf------------------- +xz 16,100 E 1.e 2: Coffee and tea---------------=---------------------- 2:116 16,090 13:tl 21.7 2712 salty snacks---------------------------------------- 2,119 16,098 1.1 8.0 38.9 

Income above poverty level 

Whole milk------------------------------------------ 13,466 145,155 16.8 20.9 20.6 skim milk------------------------------------------- 145,122 &at and poultry-----------------------,------------- E %57 145,077 3::: 121" Fish and shellfish---------------------------------- 13:468 145,121 *gg*------------------------------------------------ 13,469 2: E Chee*e---------------------------------------------- 13,460 ::zp z 69:a Legumes, seeds, and nuts---------------------------- 13,460 145:076 ia: 58.4 Fruits and vegetables, all kinds-------------------- 13,451 39:1 Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin AL---------- 13,439 ::a% 6:': Fruits and vegetables rich In vitamin C----------- 13,438 144:901 5"i 4719 Bread----------------------------------------------- 13,464 145,121 35:1 11.4 Cereal*--------------------------------------------- 13,468 145,121 Fats and oils--------------------------------------- 13,460 145,025 220:: 'ii.: De**ert*-------------------------------------------- 13,463 4612 Candy----------------------------------------------- 13,458 Sweetened beveranes'-------------------------------- 13,458 

2'4 13.9 45.5 

7:b 21.7 

Coffee 

swe&ened beverages'------------------- 13,469 3.5 Artificially and tea-------------------------------------- 13,464 1:+: 17.6 salty snacks---------------------------------------- 13,464 0:s 9.8 

'Does not include alcoholic beverages. 

NOTE: Percents may not add to 100.0 due to roundinx. 

38 
Table 2. Number of persons in aample, estimated population, end percent distribution of black persons aged l-74 years by frequency of intake of selected food groups, accordinng to income level: United States, 1971-74 

Number of Sstimated Frequency of intake 

p.SlXW*S mpulation Income level and food group in sample :housands

in 

Income below poverty level Percent distribution 

Whole milk------------------------------------------ :%I 8,323 11.2 21.6 21.7 Skim milk------------------------------------------. 86.0 &at and poultry------------------------------------ 1:855 t% 8:; 452:; Fish and shellfish---------------------------------- 1,866 8:383 gggs------------------------------------------------ 0":: 2::: 3;:: 

Cheese---------------------------------------------- i?% E Legumes, seeds, and mts---------------------------- 8:379 10:2 A*: Fruits

Fruits 

and vegetables, all kinds-------------------- 8,315 

E 

3814 20.2 11":; 

end vegetables rich in vitamin A----------- 8,362 0.3 71.7 ;;:; Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin C----------- 1,848 8,291 2::: 52.5 Bread----------------------------------r------------ 8,355 2::; 12.0 Cere*ls---~----------------------------------------- :%z 8,377 ::-Fi 3::: Fats a,-,d oils--------------------------------------- li861 ::2" 34:s %: 17.7 oe*serts-------------------------------------------- 233:: 28.5 4810 14.2 Candy----------------------------------------------- xi 8:347 22.6 38.9 30.3 

Artificially sweetened beversSes'------------------- C.&fee a,,d tes-------------------------------------- salty snack*----------------------------------------

1,865

P,860

1,861 

N:

8:341 

8,344 

t:; 

i:p 

29.3 

"E

26:6 

49.4 

'92.: 

;;:; 

. . Income above poverty level 

whole m*lk------------------------------------------

skim milk------------------------------------------- '?Z 

30.9 

7.0 

21.6

90.2 

Eggs------------------------------------------------- 21.1 63:O 

Sweetened beverages l-----------------_,------_------- 11864 

&feat s,,d poultry------------------------------------ 4317 Fish and shellfish---------------------------------- 0.8 :'9*: g:; 

Chee*e---------------------------------------------- 61.0 33:1 Legmes, seeds, a,,d nllfs---------------------------- i*; 58.3 32.4 

Fruits 

and vegetables, 811 kinds--------- ____-mm Fruits 3413 and vegetables rich in vitamin A----------- :&:I Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin C----------- 2z s=ead----------------------------------------------- 23:6 Cere*ls--------------------------------------------- 4% Fats a,,d oils--------------------------------------- 12:8 De*serts-------------------------------------------- 14.1

Csndy----------------------------------------------­

&e&en& be"ersges'-------------------------------- 35.9 40.0 

13.5 Artificially sweetened beveraSes'------------------- "E 90.2 Coffee and tes-------------------------------------- 22-i; 24:8 32.1 salty snacks---------------------------------------- 12,084 12:s 51.6 33.4 

rDoea not include alcoholic beveragea. 

NOTE: Percents may not add to 100.0 due to rounding. 

39 
Table 3. Number of persons in sample, estimated population, and percent distribution of females aged 1-5 years by frequency of intake of selected food groups, according to race: United States, 1971-74 

Race and food'group 

White 

Whole milk-----------------------------------------­

s,&, milk--------------------------------------

Meat and poultry-----------------------------------­

pi& and shellfish----------------------------------

Eggs------------------------------------------------

Cheese---------------------------------------------­

~emes, seeds, a,,d n=ts----------------------------

Fruits

Fruits 

and vegetables, all kinds-------------------­

and vegetables rich in vitamin A-----------

Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin C----------- Breed-----------------------------------------------

Cere*ls---------------------------------------------

Fata and oils---------------------------------------

Desserts----------------------------.----------------

Candy-----------------------------1-----------------­

s"e&e,,.pj beveragesl--------------------------------

Artificially sweetened beveragesl------------------- Coffee a,,d teQ-------------------------------------­ salty snacks----------------------------------------

Black 

Whole milk------------------------------------------

Ski,,, milk------------------------------------------- Heat and poultry------------------------------------

FL& a,,d shellfish----------------------------------

Cheese----------------------------------------------

Legmnes, seeds, and 11Uts----------.-----------------

Fruits 

Fruits 

and vegetables, all kinds-------------------­

and vegetables rich in vitamin A-----------

Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin C----------- Bread-----------------------------------------------

Cere*ls---------------------------------------------

Fats a,-,d oila--------------------------------------

Deseerts--------------------------------------------

Ca*dy-----------------------------------------------

Sweetened beveragesl-------------------------------- Artificiiilly sweetened beversgesl------------------- Coffee and teQ-------------------------------------­

salty snacks---------------------------------------­

iDoes not include alcoholic beverages. 

Percent distribution 

1,012 11.5 6.6 

1,014

1,013 541-z 1:s 

1,014 0:x 4818 

17.3 69.7 

x; 15.9 68.0 

::g 14.1 “52 

1'011 ';i? 55:1

1:oos m 30:1 

1,011 61825 35.5

31.1 z x2 :E 6:l

1:013 bZ840 z: 1,009 6,819 2415 1"7*"1

18:9

:%z '?Z

1:014 Lb %i 

1,013 11.0 23:5 

23.3 13.3 

35:% 4::: 

1%

20 

183.2 

3::; 3316 

5"*: 3:*:: 

2718 2617 13.1 

34.6

152.60 39.9 E 

13:o 41.7 36:2

1,200 46.9

1,207 5: 2; 42.6

1,207 0:o s1.9

1,207 1E 21.0 

1,203 $2 22:5 69.7 

NOTE: Percents may not add to lOc).O due to rounding. 

40 
Table 4. Number of persons in sample, estimated population, and percent distribution 

-

of males aged 1-5 years by frequency of 

intake of selected food groups, according to tace: United States, 1971-74 

umber of Zstimated Frequency of intake 

Race and food group persons mpulation in n sample :housa"ds 

4 

a times 3times 2time.9 Once l-6 Seldom day alr more a day a day a day times or 

white 1 Percent distribution 

a week never 

m,,le milk------------------------------------------

S,&, milk-------------------------------------------

Meat and poultry------------------------------------ Fish and shellfish---------------------------------­

--.. Cheree---------------------------------------------­ _..-_-- seeds and "its---------------------------­

!%%:%nd ve&bles. all kinds--------------------

Fruits and &.getabl& rich in vitamin A-----------

Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin C----------v Bread-----------------------------------------------

Cereals---------------------------------------------

Fats and oils---------------------------------------

Desserts--------------------------------------------

Candy-----------------------------------------------

Sweetened be"eragesl-------------------------------- Artificially sweetened beveragesl------------------- Coffee and tea-------------------------------------­

salty snacks----------------------------------------

Black 

Whole milk------------------------------------------

Skim mLlk-------------------------------------------

Meat and poultry------------------------------------

Fish and shellfish----------------------------------

Legumes, seeds, and "ut8----------------------------

Fruits 

Fruits and vegetables, all kinds--------------------

and vegetables rich in vitamin A-----------

Fruits and vegetables rich in vitmin C----------- Brepd-----------------------------------------------

Cereal*---------------------------------------------

and oils---------------------------------------

10.5 

5::: 

1X

16:s 

15.4

24.5 

;;:a 

33:1

40.1 

40.6 

282. 

;;:a . 

17.1 

%

4% 18:4

61.1

1% 71.7 

2z 

3417 

;;:i 

Fats 3519 50:; 

Desserts-------------------------------------------- 1,186 39.8 

5'-: Candy-----------------------------------------------

Sweetened beverage*l--------------------------------

4253': 15:6 

Artificially sweetened beverageal------------------- 2;:; 11.8 

Coffee and tea-------------------------------------- 10:1 99.4 

Salty snacks---------------------------------------- 25.6 "22 

'Does not include alcoholic beverages. 

NOTE: Percents may not add to 100.0 due to rending. 

41 
Table 5. Number of persons in sample, estimated population, and percent distribution of females aged 6-11 years by frequency of intake of selected food groups, according to race: United States, 1971-74 

-

Whole milk-----------------------------------------­

skim milk------------------------------------------- Meat and poultry------------------------------------

F~s,, and :shellfish---------------------------------­

gggP------------------------------------------------

Cheese---------------------------------------------­

seeds, and nuts---------------------------- Legumes, 

Fruits and vegetables, all kF"ds--------------------

Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin A-----------

Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin C----------­ sread-----------------------------------------------

Cereals---------------------------------------------

Fats and oils---------------------------------------

De*serts--------------------------------------------

Ca"dy-------------------------------------------,---­

'Sweetened beverages'-------------------------------- Artificially sweetened beverageal------------------- Coffee and tea-------------------------------------­

'salty snacks----------------------------------------

Whole milk-----------------------------------------­

s,&, mLlk------------------------------------------­

"eat and poultry------------------------------------

Fish and shellfish---------------------------------­

gggs------------------------------------~----------­

cheese----------------------------------------------

Legumes, seeds, and nut8----------------------------

Fruits and vegetables, all kinds-------------------­

*Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin A-----------

Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin C---Y------- Bread-----------------------------------------------

Cereals---------------------------------------------

Fats and oils---------------------------------------

Desserts--------------------------------------------

Candy-----------------------------------------------

Sweetened beverages*-------------------------------- Artificially sweetened beveragesl------------------­ “&fee and teB-------------------------------------­

,s&ty snacks----------------------------------------

IDoe-6 not include alcoholic beverages. 

NOTE: Percents may not add to 100.0 due.to rounding 

I Jstimated Frequency of intake 

I Iopulation I I I I I 

in t :housands 

I I I I I 

Percent distribution 

18.2 z 9:::

5G 10:5 $5 2: 5z 

1X 

7416 g:; 

29:4 "2-Y

60:2 3t.1) 50.4 10:8 

61.: 9"2

35.8 2217 5:4 . 45.6 33.4

23.0 60.9 123?i 

1319

93.5 

57.5

12.6 

26.2

2: 9293

401::

2; 3E 

E 10:6

;i:

240 :*: "Z 

238 34:9

238 :s:; 0.4 190:; 238 11572

240 .3::: 2: 

239 :3:: 

238 1:553 2:': 32.5 181': 

240 1,576 10:3 49.8 0:8 

238 37.7 47.3

2: 36.8 ::: 2; "i.8" 

239 2 :*: '5:-z

238 4:o 29:6 $8". 517 

42 
Table 6. Number of persons in sample, estimated population, and percent distribution of males aged 6-11 years by frequency of intake of selected food groups, according to race: United States, 1971-74 

I -

Race and food group Nmber of 

persons

in sample 

Percent distribution 

9,837 ‘34 16.8

9,858

9,843 2819 561:: 

9,843

9,850 $0’ 1::; 9,866 

E 2x 11.2

40:2 28:l 0.3

0.2 6:::

263-g 22'

2617 'i-1

9,850 x3:9 ;:: 9,784 E 

56:7

49.5 13.9 

1:.; 2%

9,833 19:2 65:s 

1,576

1,576 Y:i 9::: 

E 690::

1:576

1,573 283 34.8 

:z 'X

11576 

3z 

0:6 la:7

1,549

1,576 912

1,574 35.7 11Gi 43.4 

i!E 

1:5

1:576 37.5 1,576 5"-% 31.7 2:

1,576 0:o 0.4

1,567 2;*: 9661'2

1,551 2:: 227:: L 6414 7:1 

'Does not include alcoholic beverages. 

NOTE: Percents may not add to 100.0 due to rounding. 

43 
Table 7. Number of persons in sample, estimated population, of intake of aelected food groupa, 

Race and food group 

mc,le milk------------------------------------------

S,&” mLlk------------------------------------------- Meatand poultry------------------------------------ Fish and shellfish--------------r-------------------­ __--------------_-------------------------- ~,~,,__--_.-______---------------------------------

Legumes, seeds, and "uts----------------------------

Fruits 

Fruits 

and vegetables, all kinds-------------------­

and vegetables rich in vitamin A-----------

Fruits and venetables rich in vitamin C----------­

i;i&te”ed beverageal--------------------------------

Artificially sweetened beveragesle------------------ Coffee and tea-------------------------------------­

salty snacks----------------------------------------

Whole milk--------------------------------------

Skim milk------------------------------------------­ &featand poultry------------------------------------ Fish and shellfish---------------------------------- Egga------------------------------------------------ Cheese---------------------------------------------­

seeds and nuts---------------------------­

%%.&d veg&ables, all kinda-------------------- Fruits and Vegetables rich in vitamin A-----------

Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin C----------- Bread-----------------------------------------------

Cereals---------------------------------------------

Fats and oils---------------------------------------

Desserts--------------------------------------------

Candy-----------------------------------------------

Sweetened beveragesl--------------------------------

Coffee &tificially sweetened beveragesi------------------­ ad tea--------------------------------------

Salty snacks---------------------r----------.------­

'Does not include alcoholic beverages. 

NOTE: Percents may not add to 100.0 due to rounding. 

44 

and percent distribution of females aged 12-17 years by frequency according to race: United States, 1971-74 

Estimated Frequency of intake 

I I I I I 

popu:Fo"

thousands 

i 

Percent distribution 

785 20.4

785

7.54 523:: 

%:: xl 

917 :"8:: 

:i: 

$8";

785

784 39.3 422)': 705 32.0 4814

58.1 ::: ft.: 

785 314 "1%3 

17.1 30:1 

:8": 13.3 66.1 

1,660 20.9 %:3 1,662 Z z:: :%5" 

254 1:665 5545':

253 6019 

253 11% 

252 11652 FE 

253 1,662 75:o 

::4' E56 

253 li656

253 28.2

E6"

ii:; 1:654 2:

253 2412

:*:66; 22% 1:656 ~~~ 356.96 

253 1,660 2415 6518 
Table 8. Nmber of persons fn sample, estknated population, and percent distribution of males aged 12-17 years by frequency of intake of selected food groups, according to race: United States, 1971-74 

Race and food group 

white 

whole milk-----------------------------------------­

&h milk-------------------------------------------

Meat and poultry------------------------------------

FL&-, a,,d shellfish----------------------------------

Eggs------------------------------------------------

Cheese----------------------------------------------

L,q,,,"es, se&s, and nuts----------------------------

Fruits

Fruits 

and vegetables, all kinds-------------------­

and vegetables rich in vitamin A----------- Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin C----------- Bread-----------------------------------------------

Cereal*---------------------------------------------

Fats a,,d oils---------------------------------------

Desserts--------------------------------------------

Candy-----------------------------------------------

Sweetened beverage~l-------------------------------- Artificially sweetened beveragesl------------------- Coffee a,,d tea--------------------------------------

Salty snacks---------------------------------------­

whole milk-----------------------------------------­

skim mrlk------------------------------------------- Meat a,,d poultry------------------------------------

Fish and shellfish----------------------------------

Eggs------------------------------------------------

Cheese----------------------------------------------

LegUlIeS, seeds, and nut*----------------------------

Fruits 

Fruits 

and vegetables, all kinds-------------------­

and vegetables rich in vLtamin A-----------

Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin C----------- Bread-----------------------------------------------

ccrea1*---------------------------------------------

Fats and oil*---------------------------------------

Dessert*--------------------------------------------

Candy-----------------------------------------------

Sweetened beveragesl-------------------------------- Artificially sweetened beveragesl------------------- Coffee a,,,, tel--------------------------------------

Salty snacks----------------------------------------

IDoes not include alcoholic beverages. 

NOTE: Percents may not add to 100.0 due to rounding. 

Frequency of intake 

I I I I I 

I I I I I 

Percent distribution 

793 27.9 12.9 792 

21:; 143::

:;z

794 0”::: 

:;'; X-f 

1612 :;i 0.0 

:x: 2;:: 794

792 10,519 28"

793 10,527

10,544 ::: :'9: 10,503 '?2 794 

Em 50:; 92:1 

45.8 % lo:516 28 16.1 

9.0 % '2'1

244 i:,: 4318 

tz 

243 0":; 1::; 

244 123:; 242 2; 31.9 243 261.63 E 12:2 2; 

'20" 2% 9% 1:7 13:6 243 4.2 :*z 19.5 % 4:5 243 

243 8-Z 962:; 

244 3:5 562:97 

45 
34:o 

31:3 

Table 9. Number of persons in sample, estimated population, and percent distribution of females aged 18-44 years by frequency of intake of selected food groups, according to race: United States, 1971-74 

Race and food group 

m,,le milk------------------------------------------ Ski,,,milk-------------------------------------- Meat and poultry------------------------------------

Fish and shellfish----------------------------------

Legumes, seeds, and nuts----------------------------

Fruits and vegetables, all kinds--------------------

Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin A------;----

Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin C:---------- Br=*d-----------------------------------------------

Cere*l*---------------------------------------------

Fats and oils--------------------------------------­

oe**ert*--------------------------------------------

Candy-----------------------------------------------

Sweetened be"eraeesl--------------------------------

Coffee 

Artificially sweztened beveragesl------------------- a,,d teB------------c-------------------------

Salty snacks----------------------------------------

Whole mLlk------------------------------------------

Skim milk------------------------------------------­

&at and po"lt+y------------------------------------

Fish and shellfish---------------------------------­

-_a - Chee*e----------------------------------------------

Leg,,,,,es, seeds,‘a,,d nuts----------------------------

Fruits and vegetables, all kinds--------------------

Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin A-----------

Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin C-----------

Bread-----------------------------------------------

C*re*l*---------------------------------------------

Fats and oils---------------------------------------

De**ert*---------------------------------~----------

Candv-----------------------------------------------

Swe&,ed beveragesl--------------------------------

Artificially sweetened beveraaesl------------------- Cr,ff.& a,,d tee---------------r---------------------- Salty snacks-------------------------------c--------­

%oes not include alcoholic beverages. 

NOTE: Percents may not add to 100.0 due to rounding. 

46 

- i= 

Frequency of intake 

1Sstimsted 

I

?opulati.on 

I:hc&nds n 

33:172 

Percent distribution 

33,176

33,179

33,129 

13.7 22.2 

5% 

28.4 

82.9 

0:s 4z x: 14.5 1818 

0":; 12.4 14.7

33,165 41.1

33,138 3::: 3::: 

3,969

3,970 

33x56 

33i163 5::t 

:i: % 

33:162 

33,162

33,176

33,154 

158.: 

43:9 

:z 

11:s 

33,177 37.5 

33,155 

!% 4,403 

2-8' 4::: 

"?Z 

16:O 

973 1% 63.8 

4:405 i-2" 2::: 

;:; 

973 

4,405

4,406 

0:5 

2::; 39:1 

:9"*; 

5713 

973 4,406 18.1 

9:

967 4,384 

2; 2% :*2 2% 

972 4:405 

973 5i.i

972 

972 p;; 18.6 

iz 4:402 4F?: 

4,404 88:o z:: 2:*: 22.6 

2%," loo:30 1314 

971 2% J 4712 41.2
------- 

Table 10. Number of persons in sample, estimated population, and percent distribution of males aged 18-44 years by frequency of Fntake of selected food groups, according to race: United States, 1971-74 

-

f 

Frequency of intake 

PIumber of :stimsted

lopulation mace and food group j 

myh 

Whole milk------------------------------------~-----

Skim milk------------------------------------------­ ~c.atand ~o”lt=~------------------------------------ Fish and shellfish---------------------------------- EggS------------------------------------------------ Cheese---------------------------------------------­ belies, seeds, and nLlts----------------------------

Fruits 

and vegetables, Fruits all kinds--------------------

and vegetables rich in vitamin A-----------

Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin C----------- Bread-----------------------------------------------

cerea1s---------------------------------------------

~~~~ *,,d oils---------------------------------------

Desserts-------------------------------------------- Candy-----------------------------------------------

Sweetened beveranes'--------------------------------

Artificially swe&ened beveragesl------------------- Coffee and tea-------------------------------------­ salty snacks----------------------------------------

Black 

$,,-,,,I= milk-----------------------------------

Skim mFlk-------------------------------------------

Meat and poultry------------------------------------

Fish and shellfish---------------------------------­

_.___- Legumes, seeds, and nllts--------------------- -_-____ 

Fruits and veaetables. all kinds--------------------

Fruits end Vegetables rich in vitamin A-----------

Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin C----------- Bresd-----------------------------------------------

Cereals--------------------------------------- -_---_ ~atp and oils---------------------------------------

D=sserts--------------------------------------------

Candy--- _____----___--_--_-------------------------- Sweetened b=veraaes'--------------------------------

Artificially swegtened beveragesl------------------- Coffee and tee-------------------------------------- Salty S”scks---------------------------------------­

'Does not include alcoholic beverages. 

NOTE: Percents may not add to 100.0 due to rounding. 

persons l-b L” sample :hou::nds ' a times 3 times 2 times Once times 

Seldom 

day or 3r more a day a day a day a week never 

Percent distribution 

1,847 31,031 1,846 31,020 

23.8 “2.; 1,847 31,031 1o:o 

1,845 53.1 

1,847 x2 68.9 

1,045 ;y 1;;; 1,846 31:022 

:ci 31,004 I:845 31,010

31,031 :+44: 31,031

;I;;; 31,031

31,031 

;:g; 31,031

31,031 27.0 

1:a47 31,031

1,846 31,015 1,847 31,031 

42.3 21.1 

::7 :z: 

3:361 :-: 'E ::: 3,361 51:1 4819 

331 3,361 10.5 

330 33.3 

331 z:: 28.7 

331 3:361 

331 3,361 330

331 :*:z “;:*i

331 3:361 3712 

329 3,306 3x 29.6 

20:3 

E zz: 13.1 :zl 

331 3:361 30.9 26:2 

::: :*itz: 22.: 2::: 

331 31361 61 57.7 
Table 11. Number of persons in sample,estimated population,and percent distributionof females aged 45-64 years by frequency of intake of selected food groups, according to race: United States, 1971-74 

Frequency of intake 

sumber of Estimated 

in l-6 Race and food group pereons population 4 times 3 times 2 times Once times 

Seldom a day or Ln sample thousands I

or more a day a day a day a week *t?"er 

white Percent distribution 

Whole mLlk------------------------------------------ 1,243 19,809 9.0 27.7 +G,&,, milk------------------------------------------- 11.3 &et a,,d po"ltry------------------------------------ :% x"o; 1;:;: 22.1 Fish s,-,d shellfish---------------------------------- 1:243 19:809 *gg*------------------------------------------------ 1,243 19,809 E E Chee*e---------------------------------------------- 1,241 69:9 

Legumes, seeds, and nuts---------------------------- 1,242 3% E 

Fruits and vegetables, all kinds-------------------- 1,243 19:sos 41:5 "2: 

Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin A----------- 19,720 g:; Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin C----------- :% 19,767 2: Bread----------------------------------------------- ;:;2; 13:9 tereal*--------------------------------------------- '"0.: 40.0 Fata and *lls--------------------------------------- 1:241 2;:: 16.2 pe**e=t*-------------------------------------------- 1,241 44.4 

Candy----------------------------------------------- 1,242 Sweetened be"eragesl-------------------------------- 1,241 ;:5” E 

Coffee 

Artificially sweetened beverages'-L----------------- 1,242 and tea-------------------------------------- 1,242 2:.: 1::; 

Salty snacks-------c-------------------------------- 1,243 0:1 29:2 

Black 

Whole milk------------------------------------------ 232 2,022 7.3 34.0 skim milk------------------------------------------- 232 2,022 0.4 17.1 Neat and poultry------------------------------------ 226 1,968 19.9 24.9 i&-, and shellfish---------------------------------- 232 2,022 66.9 

E gg*------------------------------------------------ 231 2,018 2: 56.1 Cheese---------------------------------------------- 232 2,022 55.2 

Legumes, seeds, and n"ts---------------------------- 232 2,022 22" 51.2 

Fruits and vegetables, all kinds-------------------- 232 2,022 21:9 16.7 

Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin A----------- 231 73.1 

r'ruits and vegetables rich in vitamin C----------- 230 2%: 50:: 45.5 Bread----------------------------------------------- 231 21009 17.8 Cereal*--------------------------------------------­

ats and *ils---------------------------------------

232 2,022 'Z 39.9 

1,999 11:o 24.5 

E e**ert*-------------------------------------------- ;:2” 2,022 52.1 

232 2,022 i:: 24.1 

231 2,010 

Coffee 

Artificially ew&tened beverages'------------------- 232 2,022 A*:

and tea-------------------------------------- 232 2,022 14:3 &qlty snacks---------------------------------------- 231 2,019 0.0 

IDoes not include alcoholic beverages. 

NOTE: Percents may not add to 100.0 due to rounding. 

48 
Table 12. Number of persons in sample, estimated population, and percent distribution of males aged 45-64 years by frequency of intake of selected food groups, according to race: United States, 1971-74 

Frequency of intake 

Number of Estimated 

Race and food group pCX%XU3 population 

in samplr thousands 

4 

a 

times 3 times 2 times chlce times 

in Seldom day l-6 or or more a day a day a day a week never 

Whyh nt dist butio: n 

mole milk-----------------------------------------­

s,&, milk------------------------------------------- '?i &at and poultry------------------------------------ 31:o FL& and shellfish---------------------------------- I Eggs------------------------------------------------

CheeSe---------------------------------------------- z-51 

Legumes, seeds, and mtl---------------------------- 0:5 

Fruits 

Fruits 

and vegetables, all kinds-------------------- 3::: and vegetables rich in vitamin A-----------

Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin C----------- 22 Bread-----------------------------------------------

Cereals--------------------------------------------- '2: Fats and oils--------------------------------------- 22:6 Desaerts--------------------------------------------

Candy-----------------------------------------------

Sweetened beveragesi-------------------------------- 1":: 

Artificially sweetened bevetagesl------------------- E Coffee and teB-------------------------------------- 23:2 salty s~=ks---------------------------------------- 0.1 

Black 

"h,,le milk------------------------------------------ 37.6 ski,,, milk------------------------------------------- 13.2 Meat and po”ltry------------------------------------

Fish s,,d shellfish---------------------------------- ::*! gggs------------------------------------------------

Cheese---------------------------------------------- 6417 

Legu,,,es, seeds, a,-,d nllts----------------------------

Fruits 

Fruits and vegetables, all kinds--------------------

and vegetables rich in vitamin A-----------

Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin C----------- Bread-----------------------------------------------

Cereals---------------------------------------------

Fats a,,d oils---------------------------------------

Desserts--------------------------------------------

Candy----------------------------------------------- 59.7 !&eete,,ed beveragesl--------------------------------

Artificially sweetened beveragesl------------------- 258:;: 23.9 

Coffee a,,d tea-------------------------------------- 4z! 

87.0 

salty sMcks---------------------------------------- 6:3 17% 

'Does not include alcoholic beverages. 

NOTE: Percents may not add to 100.0 due to rounding. 

49 
------------------- 

‘

'Table 13. Number of persons in sample,estimatedpopulation, of intake of selected food groups, 

Race and food group 

I * 

White 

mole milk-----------------------------------------­

,Skim milk------------------------------------------­

eat and poultry-----------------------------------­

$ i&-, and shellfish---------------------------------­

$ggs----------------------------” 

‘Cheese---------------------------------------------­

,Legumes, seeds, and n"ts----------------------------

Cruits and vegetables, all Mnds--------------------

Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin A-----------

Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin C----------­ $read-----------------------------------------------

Cereals---------------------------------------------

Fats and oils---------------------------------------

De*serts--------------------------------------------

Candy----------------------------------------------­

~&e,,ed be”eragesl-----------------,---------------

Coffee Artificially sweetened beveragesl------------------- and teB--------------------------------------

Salty snacks----------------------------------------

B* 

Whole milk-----------------------------------------­

ski,,,- milk------------------------------------------­ _. .--- Meat and poultry------------------------------------

Fish a,,d shellfish----------------------------------

Egg*----------------------------------------------~­

Cheese---------------------------------------------­

'Le@nnes, seeds, and *L~TS--------------~-------------

Fruits and vegetables, all kinds--------------------

Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin A-----------

Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin C----------­

w&ened beverageslL--- --m---m_--------- 7 m---mm---

Artificially sweetened beveragesl.------------------- Coffee a,,d teB-------------------------------------­

salty.snacks---------------------------------------­

~'~Dc.es not include alcoholic beverages. 

NOTE: Percents may not add to 100.0 due to rounding. 

50 

and percent distribution of females aged 65-74 years by frequency according to race: United States, 1971-74

- Frequency of intake 

Estimated. 

popu::tion 1

1

4 times 3 times 2 times Once '-' Seldom 

or more a day a day a day thousandS a day times or a week never 

Percent distribution 

1,465 “94 12.7 

:G 55:2 26.7 'E 

11465 46.6 53:o 

19:: 61.6 

65.2 

40.8 

27.7 32.3 

bi.2 

3b:0 13.8 

11.2 

310:: 

1,461 

6,470

6,464 

:% 

1:464 E 

1,465 18:O 

295 lb.3 27.8 

17.1 

2; 4::; 42.2 

'2:; 208:; 

2 %:! 

292 

290 E 73.6 

290 2816 39.5 

296 29.7 

295 14.4 2:*: 

296 22:3 

294 1z 

14:5 

SE 

296 'Z 

296 

294 

4::; 
r 

of intake of selected food groups, 

Table 14. Number ofpersons in sample, estimated population, and percent distribution of males aged 65-74 years by frequency according to race: United States, 1971-74 

in sample :ho";:nds 

i

, 

Frequency of intake 

Number of :stimated 

Race and food group peKXXX copulation 

myh Percent dfstribut-ion 

Whole milk------------------------------------------

x2 4,870 12.1 23.0 Rk$m milk------------------------------------------­

&at and poultry------------------------------------ 11311 4,875 12: 2z.25 

3E his,, and shellfish---------------------------------- 1,315 t% 0:1 4713 SE Eggs------------------------------------------------ 1,314 $;,"; 0.2 56.9 16:0 Cheese---------------------------------------------- 1,311 0.8 62.7 26.3 

Legumes, seeds, a,-,,j nuts---------------------------- 1,314 4:868 44.6

Fruits and veeetables. all kinds-------------------- 1,307 4,857 390:; E

Fruits and %getabl& rich in vitamin A----------- 4,866 61:6 312::

Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin C----------- xi: i-2 38.5 sread-----------------------------------------------

Cereals--------------------------------------------- :I;;; ?% 36:6 

3% 

'E

41872 31:8 Fats and oils--------------------------------------- ; :;;: 4,866 2::; 13:4 13.5 De*SertS-------------------------------------------- 4,873 Candy----------------------------------------------- 1:315 4,874 i:; E Sweetened be"eragesl-------------------------------- 1,316 4,875 26:6

Artificially sweetened beveragesl------------------- 1,314 g-i C&fee and tea-------------------------------------- 1,314 t+;4 2610 2: salty snacka-------------------------------------- 1,314 4:869 0.4 27:0 654:: 

mole milk------------------------------------------

Skim milk-------------------------------------------

Meat and poultry------------------------------------

Fish and shellfish----------------------------------

Legumes, seeds, and ntlts----------------------------

Fruits and veaetables. 811 kinds--------------------

Fruits and ;egetabL& rich in vitamin A-----------

Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin C----------- Bread-----------------------------------------------

Cereals---------------------------------------------

Fats and oils---------------------------------------

Des*erts--------------------------------------------

Candy-----------------------------------------------

Sweetened beverages1 --a---- ------------_-- . ------- mm Artificially sweetened beveragesl------------------- Coffee and tea--------------------------------------

Salty snacks---------------------------------------­

lDoes not include alcoholic beverages. 

NOTE: Percents may not add to 100.0 due to rounding. 

283

283

282

282 

283

282 

280 

28.6

i:; 64.3

281 43.2 

~~~ 3::: 

2 E 

1817

2 33.4

282 

281 1:.2

281 13:s 

51 
Table 15. Number of persons in sample, estimated population, and percent distribution of females aged l-5 years by frequency of intake of selected food groups, according to income level and race: United States, 1971-74 

- -

Frequency of intake 

Elumber of 1Estimated 

Income level, race, and food group p63XKXlS population 1 I , , , 

in i Ln sample thousands 

INCOME BELOW POVERTY LEVEL 

white 

Whole milk------------------------------------------

Skim milk------------------------------------------­ &at and poultry------------------------------------

Fish end shellfish----------------------------------

Eggs------------------------------------------------

Cheese----------------------------------------------

Leg,,,,,es, seeds, *,-,d nllts----------------------------

Fruits and vegetables, all kinds--------------------

Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin A-----------

Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin C----------- Bread-----------------------------------------------

Cere*ls---------------------------------------------

Fats and oils--------------------------------------­

uesserts--------------------------------------------

C*nd"----------------------------------------------­

~,&ened beveragesl--------------------------------

C&fee 

Artificially sweetened beverages'------------------- and tee-------------------------------------­ salty snacks----------------------------------------

Black 

Whole milk------------------------------------------

S,&, milk------------------------------------------­

&at and poultry------------------------------------

Fish and shellfish----------------------------------

Eggs------------------------------------------------

Cheese----------------------------------------------

Legumes, seeds, and nuts----------------------------

Fruits and vegetables, all kinds--------------------

Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin A-----------

Fruits and venetables rich in vitamin C-----------

Coffee 

Artificially swe&ened beveragesl------------------- and teB---r---------------------------------­ salty snacks----------------------------------------

See footnotes at end of table. 

52 

nt distri bution 

:*;

20:7 

iA*: 

66:8 

57.1 

5::; 

65.6 

549 26.0 15.6 

::8' 2::: 1% 

549 0:o 51:5 

70.7 

2% 300:: 16.9 

61.1 

::69 

546 

E 59.2 

"E 

:t: 13:6 

545 

:z '";-::

417 

30.3 

32.8 

549 

549 1::: 

546 26.1 

2; E E 
Table 15. Number of persons in sample, estimated population, and percent distribution of females aged l-5 years by frequency 

of intake of selected food groups, according to income level and race: United States, 1971-74-Con. 

-

Frequency of intake 

Number of Estimated 

Income level, race, and food group PWSO"S population in in sample thousands 

INCOME ABOVE POVERTY LEVEL 

Whole milk------------------------------------------

Skim milk-------------------------------------------

Meat and poultq, --___-__-_____----__---------------- Fish and shellfish----------------------------------

Eggs------------------------------------------------

Cheese---------------------------------------------­

&g,,,,,es, seeds, and "llfs----------------------------

Fruits and vegetables, all kinds--------------------

Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin A-----------

Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin C-----------

Bread-----------------------------------------------

Cereals---------------------------------------------

Fats and oils -----_____---__---__------------------- Desserts- ----------------_-------------------------- Ca"dy-----------------------------------------------

Sweetened beveraaesl---- -.. -__-- - --__------_____---__ 

Coffee 

Artificially swe&ened beveragesl------------------- and tea-­ ----_----__---_--------------------- salty s”scks----------------------------------------

Black 

Whole milk------------------------------------------

Skim milk-------------------------------------------

Meat and poultry------------------------------------

Fish and shellfish----------------------------------

Eggs------------------------------------------------

Cheese----------------------------------------------

Legumes, seeds, and nllts----------------------------

Fruits and vegetables, all kinds--------------------

Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin A-----------

Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin C----------- Bread-----------------------------------------------

cerea1s---------------------------------------------

Fats and oils---------------------------------------

Desserts--------------------------------------------

Ca"dy-----------------------------------------------

Sweetened beverages'--------------------------------

Coffee Artificially sweetened beveragesl------------------- and tea-------------------------------------­

salty snacks ------__--____--------------------------

'Does not include alcoholic beverages. 

Percent distribution 

836 11.9

836 

5:::

t3'2 

835 1X

835 17:1 

E:: :26:2 

2: 3:-i 

a34 35:a

835 

836 :3-: 

835 39:5

831 24.7 

E: 'E

836 11:2

835 11.9 

::: 

152 

::s 

::; 

::: 

151 

153 

153 

::; 

::z 

::: 

153 

6.5 

l?Z 

4919 

16:s 

3 

66:5 

22.7 

10.2 

:-: 

63:l 

73.0 

60.3 

"2: 

65:6 

49.5 

NOTE: Percents may not add to 100.0 due to rounding. 

53 

5-i 
-------------------------------- 

I 

Tabl% 16. Number of persons in sample, estimated population, and perce"; distribution of males aged 1-5 years by frequency of 

intake of selected food groups, according to income level and race: United States, 19X-74

- Frequency of intake 

Istimated 

income level, race, and food group 

!Umber of I>opulatio" 

3 times 2 times Once times 

Seldom perSO"S in 1-6 

or L" sample zhousands or more a day a day a day a week *ever 

INCOME BELOW POVERTY LEVEL L

, 

Percent distribution 

Whole milk------------------------------------------

Skim milk------------------------------------ -______ ::: 

953 ‘E 10.09::: Meat and poultry------------------------------------ z:i 6;:; 1;:: F&+ and shellfish---------------------------------- ::: 953 4% EggS------------------------------------------------ 21:9 5638’: Cheese---------------------------------------------- ::: 2: 61:l 2::: 

Legumes, seeds, and nuts---------------------------- 171 953

Fruits and vegetables, all kinds-------------------- 171 953 ‘2: 

Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin A----------- 171 4813 

Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin C----------- “9:; 2z Bread ____ _____ ____ __ ___ ________---_- __---_-__------- Cereals--------------------------------------------- ::: 953 23:l %

29.2 11:8 Fats and oils--------------------------------------- 171 953 34.4 

56.7 

12.9 oesserts-------------------------------------------- ::: ;:z

Ca"dy----------------------------------------------- 171 %*i 12 Sweetened beverages'-------------------------------- 2: 32:9 17:3 

Coffee Artificially sweetened beverages'------------------- 97.9 and tea-------------------------------------- ::: 

;:z 55.2 salty snacks---------------------------------------- ::: 9.53 22.6 

Whole milk------------------------------------------ 202 Skim milk------------------------------------------- 203 iE &at and poultry------------------------------------ 202 641 Fish and shellfish---------------------------------- 203 651 EggS-------------------------------------~---------- 203 651 Cheese----------------------------------------------

Legumes, seeds, and nuts---------------------------- 202 

203 2: 

Fruits and vegetables, all kinds-------------------- 202 15.8 Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin A----------- 202 22: 68.4 23.6 

Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin C----------- 201 649 56.1 Bread----------------------------------------------- 201 646 10.5 08:: Ce=eals----c---------------------------------------- 203 651 52.3 Fats and oils--------------------------------------- 201 644 31.4 ;:: DeSSeTts--c----------------------------------------- 201 I?: Ca"dv----------------------------------------------- 200 E 2416 :z S+,&ened beverages’ 203 651 32.0 51:3 

Coffee Artificially sweetened beverages'------------------- 203 651 and tea-------------------------------------- 202 650 1Ei Fjalty snacks---------------------------------------- 202 650 2419 

See footnotes at end of table. 

54 
--- 

Table 16. Number of persons in sample, estimated population, and percent distribution of males aged l-5 years by frequency of 

intake of selected food groups, according to income level and race: United States, 1971-74-Con. 

-

Frequency of intake 

Estimated Wmber of population L I I I I I

Income level, race, and food group P‘XSO"S in in sample thousands 

Fruits and vegetables, all kinds--------------------

Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin A-----------

Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin C-----------

Bread-----------------------------------------------

Cere*ls---------------------------------------------

Fats and oils------------------------------- ---_---- Desserts---------------------------------- -----_-_-- Candy-----------------------------------------------

Sweetened beverages'--------------------------------

Coffee Artificially sweetened beverages'------------------- and tea-------------------------------------­

salty snacks----------------------------------------

BWhole milk------------------------------------------

Skim milk-------------------------------------------

Mea‘- and poultry------------------------------------

Fish and shellfish----------------------------------

EggS------------------------------------------------

Cheese------------------------------------ -_-----___ 

Legumes, seeds, and "llt~----------------------------

Fruits and vegetables, all kinds--------------------

Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin A-----------

Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin C----------- Bread------------------------------------- -------__- Cere*ls---------------------------------------------

Fats and oils---------------------------------------

DesSeTts--------------------------------------------

C*"d"-----------------------------------------------

Sweetened beverages l-------,------------------------

CDffee Artificially sweetened beverages'------------------- and tea--------------------------------------

Salty s"ecks----------------------------------------

lDoe8 not include alcoholic beverages. 

INCOME ABOVE POVERTY LEVEL 

White 

Whole milk------------------------------------------

Skim milk------------------------------------------­

&at and poultry------------------------------------

Fish and shellfish-------------------------- _-_-_---

Egg*------------------------------------------------

Legumes, seeds, and nuts --___----- - _----_--------

t Percent distribution 

5!? 

411, 

5:.;

16:O 

f;z

2517 :';-:

41:7 

'X 

1O:B 24-i 

10.6 66:9 

129 18.2 

129 

129 328:: 

:;t 2% 

128 

2::;

:;;

129 E 

2218 

:;x 12.6 

2: 61.6 

.' :z 3214 30.9 

129 41.2 38.5 

129 23.2 51.6 

129 23.2 48.0 

129 

129 1E 2:-x 

129 27:6 6116 

NOTE: Percents may not add to 100.0 due to rounding. 

c 

55 
-------------------------------- 

.Table 17. Number of persons in sample, estimated population, and percent distribution of females aged 6-11 years by frequency of intake of selected food groups, according to income level and race: United States, 1971-74 

Number of Income level, race, and food group persons

in sample 

INCOMEBELOWPOVERTYLEVEL 

Percent distribution 

Whole milk------------------------------------------ 109

Meat 

s,&, .qmilk-------------------------------------------

”d poultry-----------------.------------------- ‘E E % Fish and shellfish---------------------------------- 109 

68:0 250 Eggs------------------------------------------------ 108 7213 Chee*e---------------------------------------------- 109 76.9 Le@j,,,es, seeds, and “ts---------------------------- 109 59.7 Fruits 

Fruits 

and vegetables, all kinds-------------------- 108 10.0 and vegetables rich in vitamin A----------- 62.3 Fruits and venetables rich in vitamin C----------- :$I 56.8 108

109

107 

109 -----, Sweetened beverages’ :z Artificially sweetened beveranes'------------------- Coffee and teB-------------------------------------- ::z Salty snacks---------------------------------------- 108 

wale milk------------------------------------------ 140 28.0 31.9 16.5 skim milk------------------------------------------- 140 Meat and poultry------------------------------------ 140 4::: 4::: 1E Fish and shellfish---------------------------------- 7417 gggs------------------------------------------------ 2: 8:: 1::: 72.1 Cheese---------------------------------------------- 140 72.6 Legumes, seeds, and nllt*---------------------------- 140 :-'o 1:*: 

Fruits 

Fruits and vegetables, all kinds-------------------- 138 35:2 4212 '2: and vegetables rich in vitamin A----------- 7611 Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin C----------- E E $read----------------------------------------------- 140 34:6 Cere*ls--------------------------------------------­

,&,ts and oils--------------------------------------- :I: 2i.z ,Desserts-------------------------------------------- 140 11:5 ,Candy----------------------------------------------- 138 10.1 Sweetened beverages'-------------------------------- 140 kMificially sweetened beverages'------------------- 139 ::t 

F offee and teQ-------------------------------------- 139 Salty s,,.gcks--------__-___-------------------------- 139 1:: 

see footnotes at end of table. 

56 
Table 17. Number of persons in sample, estimated population, and percent distribution of females aged 6-11 years by frequency of intake of selected food groups, according to income level end race: United States, 1971-74-Co". 

lumber of lstimated 

Income level, race, and food group pF22?O"S ,opulstion in tn sample :housa"ds 

INCOMBABOVEPOVERTYLEVEL 

white 

m,,le milk-----------------------------------------­

sum milk------------------------------------------­

)feat and poultry-----------------------------------­

pi&-, end shellfish----------------------------------

Bggs------------------------------------------------

Cheese---------------------------------------------­

-_--____ Legumes, seeds, and n~tB---- -_--_---mm-- mm Fruits

Fruits 

and vegetables, all kinds-------------------­

end vegetables rich in vitamin A-----------

Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin C----------- Bread-----------------------------------------------

Cereals---------------------------------------------

Fats and oils---------------------------------------

De*serts--------------------------------------------

Candy-----------------------------------------------

Sweetened beverages1 __--__-____-__-_____------------ Artificially sweetened beverages'------------------- Coffee and tCB------------------------'----- --~_~~~~~ Salty am&s- _______-___________-_________________ -s 

Black 

. _ Fish and shellfllh----------------------------------

EgpS------------------------------------------------

Cheese------------------------------------ --_-------

Legumes, seeds. and n"t8----------------------------

Fruits

Fruits 

and vegetables, all kinds-------------------­

and vegetables rich in vitamin A-----------

Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin C----------- Bread-----------------------------------------------

Ceresle---------------------------------------------

Fats and oLls---------------------------------------

DeBseTt~--------------------------------------------

Candy-----------------------------------------------

Sweetened beverages'-------------------------------- Artificially sweetened beverages'------------------- Coffee an,, teB--------------------------- -~-~~~~~~~. Salty sMcks---------------------------------------­

lDoes not include alcoholic beverages. 

NOTE: Percents may not add to 100.0 due to rounding. 

Frequency of intake 

Percent distributio n 

16.5 

5::: 

ii*:

1o:o 

:Ei 

3::: 49.2

29.2 

27.4 61'58

36.4 22:o 

45.2 

x . 

i-i

19:1 

57 
Table 18. Number of persons in sample, estimated population, and percent distribution of males aged 6-11 years by frequency

of intake of selected food groups, according to income level and race: United States, 1971-74 

Frequency of intake 

Zstimated Umber of population I I I I I

income level, race, and food group pET*C.** in n sample thousands 

INCOME BELOW POVERTY LEVEL 

Whole milk-----------------------------------------. 

Skim milk------------------------------------------. 

Meat and poultry-----------------------------------. 

Fish and shellfish---------------------------------. 

Eggs-----------------------------------------------. 

Cheese---------------------------------------------. 

~~~~~~~ seeds, and nuts-- ----__------ -------------. 

Fruits and vegetables, all kinds-------------------. 

Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin A----------. 

Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin C----------. Bread----------------------------------------------. 

cere*1*--------------------------------------------. 

Fats a,-,d oils--------------------------------------, Desserts-------------------------------------------. 

C**dv------------------------------------ --_-__-_--. -----2 

meeta,,& be"erages'-------------------------------. 

Coffee 

Artificially sweetened beverages'------------------. and tea-------------------------------------. 

Salty snack*---------------------------------------. 

Whole milk-----------------------------------------. 

s&&, milk------------------------------------------. 

Meat and poultry-----------------------------------. 

Fish and shellfish---------------------------------, 

5gs-------~--------------------------------------~ 

Cheese---------------------------------------------, 

~egmes, seeds, and nllts---------------------------

Fruits and vegetables, all kin,&-- _-_----_-__-- ----. 

Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin A----------

Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin C----------

Bread----------------------------------------------,

Cere*l*------------------------------------- -_-__-a. 

Fats a,,d oils--------------------------------------

De**ert*-------------------------------------------, 

Candy----------------------------------------------, 

Sweetened beverages'-------------------------------

Coffee prtificially sweetened beveragesI------------------, a,-,d tea-------------------------------------,

Salty snacks---------------------------------------, 

See footnotds at end of table. 

58 

Percent distribution 

21.1 

4z.i 

114 

26.5 

$4 

;;:; 

28:1 6:*: 

32.0 20:3 

33.2 50.2 

27.5 

2;::

"E 

16:s 2x 

11.2 70:5 

31.2 

:;x

127 5::; 

:;i 1'9:: 

128 

128 3:-z 

40:3 

:;i

126 2z.g

21:6 

:;i 29.3 

128 

128 tk: 

40:5 50.7 :z 

128 "E "2 

127 26:2 

127 259:: 63.8 
Table 18. Number of persons in sample, estimated population, and percent distribution of males aged 6-11 years by frequency of intake of selected food groups, according to income level and race: United States, 1971-74-Con. .-

Number of Estimated 

Income level, race, and food group plZSO"S population in in sample thousands 

INCOMEABOVBPOVERTYLEVEL 

White 

"hole milk------------------------------------------

Skim milk------------------------------------------- Meat and poultry------------------------------------

Fish and shellfish---------------------------------­

sggs------------------------------------------------

Cheese---------------------------------------------­

~egmes, seeds, and n”ts----------------------------

Fruits 

Fruits and vegetables, all kinds--------------------

and vegetables rich in vitamin A-----------

Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin C----------- Bread-----------------------------------------------

Cere*ls---------------------------------------------

Fats and oils---------------------------------------

Desserts--------------------------------------------

Candy-----------------------------------------------

Sp,eetened be"eragesl-------------------------------- Artificially sweetened beverages'------------------- Coffee and teB--------------------------------------

Salty snacks----------------------------------------

Black 

Whole milk------------------------------------------

Skim milk-------------------------------------------

Meat and poultry------------------------------------

Fish and shellfish---------------------------------­

gggs------------------------------------------------

Cheese---------------------------------------------­

~egmes, seeds, and nllts----------------------------

Fruits 

Fruits and vegetables, all kinds--------------------

and vegetables rich in vitamin A-----------

Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin IS---------- Bresd-----------------------------------------------

Cere*l*---------------------------------------------

Fats and oils---------------------------------------

Desserts--------------------------------------------

Candy-----------------------------------------------

Sweetened be"eragesl-------------------------------- Artificially sweetened beveragesl------------------- Coffee and teB--------------------------------------

Salty snacks---------------------------------------­

'Does not include alcoholic beverages. 

NOTE: Percents may not add to 100.0 due to rounding. 

Frequency of intake 

Percent distribution 

21.5 16.1 

2.6 4::

29.1 5::: 

4z

::i E 15:6

21.7

2'6 1X 68.5 12.6

4312 26:s 

8-Z $% 6;:: g:; 

43:3 

31:6 z-5"

2:-z 39.2 415

16:7 45.1 

3.5 22.6 57.3 ;;:; 

2; 'El "E 93:2 

::i ;$; 2316 62.0

65.2 12.8 

33.2 30.0 

4::: 42:: 

20" 1414 

?S 1'9:::

2817 'X-Z

'E 7214

k?:: :;:i 52.4

3618 

0.4 2818 6% 

21.1 32.4 21:7

13.1 40.0 42.7

3.2 34.7 

2;:: 3 '2: 

::5" 2;:: 

59 
-------- 

Table 19. Number of persons in sample,estimatedpopulation, and percent distribution 

of intake of selected food groups, according to income level and race: of females aged 12-17 years by frequency United States,, 1971-74 _ ., 

Income level, race, and food group 

INCOMEBELm POVERTYLEVEL 

white 

Whole milk------------------------------------------

Skim milk------------------------------------------­ &at and poultry------------------------------------

Fi&, a,,d &,ellfish- _--_-_ ----_- -------_-__-_-______ 

Cheese----------------------------------------------

Leg-es, seeds, and nuts---------------------------­

.Fruits

Fruits 

and vegetables, all kinds-------------------­

and vegetables rich in vitamin A-----------

Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin C----------- Bread----------------------------,-------------------

Cereals---------------------------------------------

Fats and oils--------------------------------------­

,Dessert*--------------------------------------------

Candy-----------------------------------------------

Sweetened beveragesl-------------------------------- Artificially sweetened beverageal------------------- Coffee and tea--------------------------------------

Salty snacks---------------------------------------­

mole milk------------------------------------------

Skim ,,,ilk ---_-_---- _-__--_--------------------------

&.at and poultry-----------------------------------­

'Fi&, and shellfish --___-__ _-__ - _-_-_--_--_--

-u_­

cheese----------------------------------------------

Lq~,,,es, see&, and n"t5----------------------------

Fruits 

Fruits and vegetables, ~11 kinds--------------------

and vegetables rich in vitamin A-----------

Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin C----------- Bread----------------------------------------------­

'cereals--------------------------------------------­

pats and oils--------------------------------------­

,uesserts--------------------------------------------

Candy----------------------------------------------­

.Qqeetened beverages'-------------------------------­

&rtificially sweetened beveragesl------------------- Coffee a,,d tea--------------------------------------

Salty snacks----------------------------------------

See footnotes at end of table. 

Estimated Frequency of intake 

L I I I I I 

pop"::tFon t 

thousands , 

ce,nt distributio n 

'Z

2412 

19.4 

67.9

2;:: 48.5

10.0

If-: 56.7

29:6 41.4 

E 

24:l 

ii-'9 

2714 

60 
- - 

14:2 

Table 19. Number of persons in sample,estimstedpopulatio", and percent distribution of females aged 12-17 years by frequency

of intake of selected food groups, according to income level and race: United States, 1971-74-&n. 

-

Frequency of intake 

Nmber of Estimated 

Income level, race, and food group in

p~?TSO"S popu:~tio" sample thousands I

INCOME ABOVE POVERTY LEVEL 

white 

Whole milk------------------------------------------

Skim milk------------------------------------------- Meat an,, poultry------------------------------------

Fish and shellfish----------------------------------

Egg*------------------------------------------------

Chee*e----------------------------------------------

Legumes, seeds, and nuts----------------------------

Fruits and vegetables, all kinds--------------------

Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin A-----------

Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin C----------- Bread-----------------------------------------------

Cere*l*---------------------------------------------

Fats and oils---------------------------------------

Desserts--------------------------------------------

Candy-----------------------------------------------

Sweetened beverages'--------------------------------

Coffee Artificially sweetened beverages'------------------- and teB--------------------------------------

Salty snacks----------------------------------------

Whole milk------------------------------------------

Skim milk-------------------------------------------

Meat and poultry------------------------------------

Fish and shellfish----------------------------------

Egg*------------------------------------------------

Cheese----------------------------------------------

Legumes, seeds, and nllts----------------------------

Fruits and vegetables, all kinds--------------------

Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin A-----------

Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin C----------- Bread-----------------------------------------------

Percent distribution 

8,646

8,646 

Ef 

8:640 

E:: 

8:632 '2: 

8,623 40:3 

8,638

8,646 '3 

38:5 

t%: 

8:646 i-5' 

v3:3 

2E 14.4 

81646 83.1 

8,646 44.3 

8,646 19.3 

'Z 'E 

3818 lo:8 

:E 

60:3 

35:5 2: 3:.:

Cereal*------------------------------------ - _ - - _ - - ,?a,.= and oils---------------------------------------

De**e=t*--------------------------------------------

2% 

2815 52.5 

Cendy-----------------------------------------------

Sweetened be"eragesl-------------------------------- 13.8 

30.8 

23.9 

33.5 

50.1 

Coffee Artificially sweetened beverages'------------------- and teB--------------------------------------

salty snacks----------------------------------------

8-8 

4:o 

0.0 

2;:: 

2% 

6917 

'Does not include alcoholic beverages. 

NOTE: Percents may not add to 100.0 due to rounding. 

61 
Table 20. Number of persons in sample, estimated population, and percent distribution of males aged 12-17 years by frequency of intake of selected food groups, according to income level and race: United States, 1971-74 

Frequency of intake 

Number of Estimated 

Income level, race, and food group pe7TSO*S population in in sample thousands 

INCOMEBELOWPOVERTYLEVEL 

White 

m,,le mLlk-----------------------------------------­

skim milk-------------------------------------------

Meat and poultry------------------------------------ Fish and shellfish---------------------------------- Eggs------------------------------------------------

Cheese----------------------------------------------

Leg,,,,,es, seeds, and nuts----------------------------

Fruits 

Fruits and vegetables, all kinds-- ------_----_-__-_- and vegetables rich in vitamin A-----------

Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin C----------- Bread ________-____-__________________________------- Cere*ls---------------------------------------------

Fats and oils--------------------------------------­

uesserts--------------------------------------------

Candy-----------------------------------------------

Sweetened beverages l---__--__--___-____-------------

Artificially sweetened beverages'------------------- Coffee and tea--------------------------------------

Salty snacks----------------------------------------

Black 

Whole milk- -_-__---_-__-_-_--_------------ -_________ Ski,,, &lk- --_----____-_-_--_-_---------------------- Meat a,,d poultry------------------------------------ Fish a,,d shellfish---------------------------------- Eggs------------------------------------------------

Cheese----------------------------------------------

Leg",,,es, seeds, a,,,j nuts----------------------------

Fruits

Fruits 

and vegetables, all kinds-------------------­

and vegetables rich in vitamin A-----------

Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin C----------- Bread-----------------------------------------------

Cere*ls---------------------------------------------

Fats a,-,d oils---------------------------------------

Desserts--------------------------------------------

Candy----------------------------------------------­

&.eetened beverages'-------------------------------­

k 

rtificially sweetened beverages'------------------­ offee and tea-------------------------------------­ palty snacks----------------------------------------

See footnotes at end of table. 

nt distribution 

100 19.5 100 9::: 100 3;:; 2.9 100' 37.1 100 1::: 28.8 100 61.3 30.1 100 267.; 13.5 100 39:3 E 100 55:o 410.: 

1:; ;i:i 44.7 26:s 

100 21:6 5%

31.2 2513 1;:; 

1:: 56.6 "El 100 z:*'; 54.9 8:3 100 23:s 49.1 100 9::: 100 :I:; 256.:

100 6718 4;:: 

124 44.9 22.6 124

124 5::: 

:z $:I 123

124 :;:; 

:z 

124 2::: 123 

124 1X

29:8

:2 35.5 124 28.3 

E::

124 

124 

62 
---- 

-- 

Table 20. Number of persons in sample, estimated population, and percent distribution of males aged 12-17 years by frequency of intake of selected food groups, according to income level and race: United States, 1971-74-Con. 

-

Frequency of intake 

Number of I:stimated 

Income level, race, and food group persons I

lopulation 1 , , 1 , 

in in sample 1thousands 

INCOME ABOVE POVERTY LEVEL 

Percent distribution 

white 

Whole ,,,ilk _____-______________---------------------- Skim milk------------------------------------------- Meat and poultry------------------------------------

24.2 

3::: 

9”o:: 

Fish and shellfish---------------------------------- 4E 

l&xe*e _-___--_- __-_-_-___--_-__-___------------- 22.8 

sgg*------------------------------------------------ i:; 21:8 

Lqp,,es, seeds, and nuts---------------------------- E:!

Fruits and vegetables, all kinds-------------------- 3:::

Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin A----------- 529.:

Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin C----------- I1-"9 55:8 Bread-- __-_--- - -___-_-_--_-_-__-_-_-------- - _-_--- - 42:l Cereal* _-_-_-----__--------------------------------- 5:-g 2::: Fats and oils -______--_-_-_______------------------- 2::; 36.1 26:4 De**ert*-------------------------------------------- 35.9 Z-Y

Candy- --_- _-__- _- ____- _-__- _- _-__- _-__- _---- __-_-- "E 18.1 z-4" 1616 S.,,eete"ed beverages'-------------------------------- 13:1 29.1 43:1 

Coffee Artificially sweetened beverages'------------------- 9:*x end tea ----_---_----____-_------------------- 8:; 12: 2E 4513 salty snacks---------------------------------------- 1.9 16:4 66:4 15.1 

Whole milk------------------------------------------ 31.0 20.1 Skim milk------------------------------------------- Meat and poultry------------------------------------ 3::; 2x Fish and shellfish---------------------------------- 53:8 ggg*------------------------------------------------ I:! 72.3 Cheese----------------------------------------------

Legumes, seeds, and nuts---------------------------- 2; E 21.0 Fruits and vegetables, all kinds-------------------- 3;:; 31:3 21:o Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin A----------- 59.7 3x Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin C----------- 0"*2" 257.: 10:s Bread----------------------------------------------- 38:0 2217 "2 i&real* _-_-_-_----____-_-__-------- ____---_-__-_-_-- 55:1 2::: Fats and ,,ils---- __-- - _----_--__- w-b -_-_------__---- 1::; 3x De**erts-------------------------------------------- 22:o ::-: 2: c=ndy----------------------------------------------- Y-39 26.3 3414 Sweetened beverages'-------------------------------- 1;:; 45.3 'T-t 

Coffee 

sweetened beveragesl------------------- Artificially 'E 9718 end teB-------------------------------------- 2:5 11:6 2E 57.3 Salty snacks---------------------------------------- 5.1 22.4 L 59:9 

'Does not include alcoholic beverages. 

NOTE: Percents may not add to 100.0 due to rounding. 

63 

5.7 
-- 

---- 

-- 

---- -- 

Table 21. Number of persons in sample, estimatedpopulation, and percent distribution of females aged 18-44 years by frequency of intake of selected food groups, according to income level and race: United States, 1971-74 - Number of Estimated 1 I 

Frequency of 

I 

intake 

I I Income level, race, and food group peC30*.9 I 

in sample popu:Fo*

thousands 

INCOMEBELOWPOVERTYLEVEL 1

white 

Whole ,,,ilk--- w-_-_--_-_--m - _----_--- - --_----_--__--. 

Skim milk-------------------------------------------

Meat and poultry-----------------------------------. 

Fish and shellfish---------------------------------. 

Eggs------------------------------------------------

Cheese-- _-_-_-_---_________------------------------. 

Legu,,es, seeds, and nuts----------------------------

Fruits

Fruits 

and vegetables, all kinds-------------------­

and vegetables rich in vitamin A-----------

Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin C----------- Bread-----------------------------------------------

Cereels---------------------------------------------

Fata and oils---------------------------------------

Desserts--------------------------------------------

Candy- --_- _-- _- _- ____-__--- _- __- -_ _--_- ___________ S-..,e&enedbeverages 1-----me - ------------_----------- Artificially sweetened beveragesl------------------- Coffee and tea----- _-__-_-_ -------_-__-_-_______ Salty snacks----------------------------------------

Black 

JJ,,ole mFlk------------------------------------------

Skim milk----- --__-_-___ _-__ - --_--___-__-_______ 

&at and poultry------------------------------------

Fish and shellfish----------------------------------

Eggs------------------------------------------------

Cheese----------------------------------------------

Legumes, seeds, and nuts----------------------------

Fruits 

Fruits 

and vegetables, all kinds--------------------

Fruits 

and vegetables rich in vitamin A----------­

rich in vitamin C----------- Bread------ and vegetables 

_--_-- --___ ---------______-__-____ Cereals -----------_----_---------------------------- Fats and oils __-__________- - _-_____-_-______________ De*serts--------------------------------------------

Candy-- -_-_--_-_-_______-_ - _--______-_-_____________ Sweetened be"eragesl-------------------------------- Artificially sweetened bevetagesl------------------- Coffee and tea--------------------------------------

Salty snacks----------------------------------------

See footnotes at end of table. 

64 

Percent dist ri 

3,161 13.; 26.6 3,161 0.1 81.7 3,16t 21.1

3,16:

3,162 00:: 3,162

3,162 PI 3,152 28:: ':*: 3,161 4412 

; 3;;; i-h 

33:4 3:152 

;>:g 1::: 

3:16: 2: 44.8 3,162 30.0 

?:z o"4 79.1 

31162 19:5 16.4 0.1 41.4 

1;: 7.2 29.5

11.2 ii::: 420 3::: 18.8 421 62.1 392 420 2: 2614

2'; z i-i 70:7 417 2815 22.5 :z

2:2 :%8' 0.7 26.2 2:: 11636 17.5 1,642 3i.58 t;? 1,643 0:o 34.0 5z 1,642 32.2 1618 t;: 1,642 2; 22.2 418 1,630 E 420 1,642 1::; 31:9 "E 420 1,642 421 1,643 2:.: go:1 

421 1,643 43:1 fG 
Table 21. Number of persons In sample, estimatedpopulation, and percent distribution of females aged 18-44 years by frequency of intake of selected food groups. according to income level and race: United States, 1971-74-&n. 

- INCOME ABOVE POVERTY LEVEL T Percent distribution white 

m,,le milk-- --____ - _-_--_ - ___--_-__-_-__---_-_------

Skim milk --_--__--_-__-_-___------------------------ 27.1 

Meat and poultry------------------------------------

Fish and shellfish----------------------------------

Frequency of intake 

Sumber of Zstimated 

Income level, race, and food group p~SO”S ,opulation 

a day 3 times 2 times Once times 

in Seldom L" sample thousands 4 times 1-6 

or or rmre a day a day a day a week never 

Legumes, seeds, and "ts---------------------------- E 42.3 Fruits and venetables. all ki"ds-------------------- 617 Fruits and &getabl;s rich in vitamin A----------- 59.0 Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin C----------- Bresd----------------------------------------------- 4x Cere*ls--------------------------------------------- 39:9 5::; Fata and oils--------------------------------------- 20.9 De*serts-------------------------------------------- 53.5 157::: Candy----------------------------------------------- 45.1 Sweetened beverages'-------------------------------- 4;.3 

Coffee 

Artificially sweetened beveragesl------------------- 28,961 :3"-1" 76:l and teQ-------------------------------------- 12:2 11.3 salty snacks---------------------------------------- %%X , 55.1 36.8

BWhole milk-------------------------------------- 2,618 38.6 34.5 Skim milk------------------------------------------- 2,615 ;*'i 88.3 &at and poultry------------------------------------ 35:1 Fish and shellfish---------------------------------- 3:+ Eggs------------------------------------------------ 0":: 17:1 Cheese --_-_----____-___--_-------------------------- 61.9

Legumes, seeds, and nuts-- ---_- - _---- - __-_--____---_ El 233:; Fruits end vwetables. all kinds-------------------- 2817 E

Fruits and <egetabl;s rLch in vitamin A----------- 70:1 1:::

Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin C----------- :-: Bread-- --_--- - _-_---__----__-_---_------------------ 30:o ::-r: 'Z Cere*ls --mm _----_---__---_-_------------------------ 0.1 37:1 58:5 Fats and oils--------------------------------------- 12.3 30.1 11.5 Des*erts--------------------------------------------

Candy-- ____--_-_-_--_-_---_------------------------- 2-z E Sweetened be"ersgesl-------------------------------- 15:3 12:1 

Coffee 

Artificially sweetened beveragesl------------------- and teQ-------------------------------------- z: Salty snacks --_-_--_------_-_----------------------- 3918 

lDoea not include alcoholic beverages. 

NOTE: Percents may not add to 100.0 due to rounding. 

65 
of intake Table 22. Number of persons sample. estimated population, and percent distribution of males aged 18-44 years by frequency of inselected food groups, according to income level and race: United States, 1971-74 

-

Frequency of intake 

Number of Estimated 

Income level, rwx, and food group pCC?.O"S population I I I I I 

in in sample thousands 

INCOMEBELOWPOVERTYLEVEL 

white 

*de milk--------------------------------------

Skim milk------------------------------------------­ "eat and poultry------------------------------------

Fish and shellfish---------------------------------- Eggs------------------------------------------------

Cheese----------------------------------------------

Legumes, seeds, and nut8----------------------------

Fruits

Fruits 

and vegetables, all kinds-------------------­

and vegetables rich in vitamin A-----------

Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin C----------- Bread-----------------------------------------------

Cereals----------------------------------------------

Fats and oils---------------------------------------

Desserts--------------------------------------------

Candy-----------------------------------------------

Sweetened beveragesl-------------------------------- Artificially sweetened beverages]------------------- Coffee and teB-------------------------------------­

salty snacks----------~-----------------------------

Whole mFlk-----------------------------------------­

&f.n, milk------------------------------------------­ "eat and poultiy------------------------------------

Fish and shellfish----------------------------------

Eggs------------------------------------------------

Cheese----------------------------------------------

Legumes, seeds, and "its----------------------------

Fruits 

Fruits and vegetables, all kFnds--------------------

and vegetables rich in vitamin A-----------

Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin C----------- Bread-----------------------------------------------

Cereals--------------------------------------------.-

Fats and oLls---------------------------------------

Desserts--------------------------------------------

Candy--------------------------------------~--------

Sweetened beveragesl--------------------------------

Artificially sweetened beveragesl------------------- Coffee and tea--------------------------------------

Salty snacks----------------------------------------

See footnotes at end of table. 

i Percent distribution 

181 2,230 14.1 18.2 14.5 18C 2,219 0.7 363-:90.5 181 3:'; 19:6

181 Z% 0:o "?I 48.8 5% 

1711 61.1 20:5

181

181 ;:;g o':o' 13.5 26.2

181 21230 15.1 :x4 

180 2,222 3z.z 3;:; 15:9 "E 

179 2,203 0:o 46.7 50:o

2,210 17.e 

2’: 2;:; 29.C 'o'*o"

181 Zig 5314

181 2:230 181:: 2x 

18:9 ::: X% ;*z 43.5

181 2:230 10:s 2: 46.1

181 2,230 181 2,230 1X 2:*:

181 2,230 0:8 618 

101 898 a.4 11.1 42.7 30.6

101 a98 10.4 87.8

101 898 380::: 4,::; 10.3

101 898 551.:

101

100 Et 

2: 3;:; 10:5 

46.6

101 898 E 14:o 18.3

101 898 20:2

101 0.0 "E

100 2 32:9

101 898 381.: 18.5

101 0:o 13.3

100 % 27.6 28.1

101 26' 13.5

101 :;i "2;*: 101 898 2t.93 :41:: 26:3

101 898 0:o

101 898 301.: 252-y 101 898 E 11:7 50:4 

66 
Table 22. Number of persons in sample, estimated population, and percent distribution of males aged 18-44 years by frequency of intake of selected food groups, according to income level and race: United States, 1971-74-&n. 

lNmber of Estimated 

Income level, race, and food group in

PCA.3O"S popu::tio" sampls thousands 

INCCMEABOVEPOVERTYLEVEL 

White 

Whole milk------------------------------------------ Skim rnrlk------------------------------------------­

&at and poultry------------------------------------

Fish and shellfish----------------------------------

Cheese----------------------------------------------

Legumes, seeds, and nuts----------------------------

Fruits 

Fruits and vegetables, all kinds--------------------

and vegetables rich in vitamin A-----------

Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin C----------- Bread----------I------------------------------------

Cere*ls---------------------------------------------

F&s and oils---------------------------------------

Desserts--------------------------------------------

Candy------------------------------------------*----

Sweetened beveragesl-------------------------------­

“offee Artificially sweetened beverages'------------------- and tea--------------------------------------

Salty snacks---------------------------------------­

m,,le milk-----------------------------------------­

aim milk-------------------------------------------

Meat and poultry------------------------------------

Fish and shellfish----------------------------------

Lqm,es, seeds, an.3 nuts----------------------------

Fruits 

Fruits 

and vegetables, all kinds------------.------­

and vegetables rich in vitamin A-----------

Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin C----------- Braad-----------------------------------------------

Cere*ls------------------------------------~--------

Fats and oils---------------------------------------

DeSSeTtS--------------------------------------------

Candy-----------------------------------------------

Sweetened beveragesl-------------------------------- Artificially sweetened beveragesl------------------­ coffee and tea-------------------------------------­ salty snacks----------------------------------------

IDoes not include alcoholic beverages. 

NOTE: Percents may not add to 100.0 due to rounding. 

Frequency of intake 

Percent distribution 

24.5 

9":: 

5693'2

70:5

64.4 

42.3 

63'33

52:0 

36.1

24.9 

5.1 

2:: 

17.7

89.1 

4% 

E

28:0 

3::: 

1z-41 

53:s 

182:: 

67 
Table 23. Nmber of persons in sample, estimated population, and percent distribution of females aged 45-64

of intake of selected food groups, according to income level and race: United States, 1971-71: 

earsbyfrequenci

- Frequency of intake 

Estimated 

Income level, race, and food group 

popu:i?ion

thousands I

L 

INCOME BELOW POVERTY LEVEL 

Percent distribution white 

Whole milk-----------------------------------------­ &,, m~ik------------------------------------------- “E ‘2:; Meat an.3 poultry------------------------------------ 58:6 32.8 Fish and shellfish---------------------------------- 40.1 Egga------------------------------------------------

Cheese----------------------------------------------

Legumes, seeds, and nut8-----------.---.------------ 2?; 

Fruits and vegetables, all kinds-------------------- 1% Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin A----------- 69:5 Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin C-----------

B=ead-------------------------------;;-- 'ii*3 Cereale--------------------------------------------- 43:1 Fats and oils--------------------------------------- 19.9 Dessertn--------------------------------------------

Candv----------------------------------------------- 58.7 Sweetened beveragesl-------------------------------- 43.8 Artificially sweetened beveranesl------------------- Coffee and tea-------------------------------------- ":-: Salty snacks---------------------------------------- 69:2 

Black 

Whole milk-----------------------------------------­

ski,,, milk------------------------------------------- 2:: "eat and poultry--.----------------------------------

Fish and shellfish---------------------------------- 3x Eggs------------------------------------------------ 15:o Cheese---------------------------------------------- 44.8 Leg,,~,,es, seeds, a,,d n"ts---------------------------- 37.3 Fruits and vegetables, all kinds-------------------- 0.8 Fruits and vegetables rich in vi.tmin A----------- "Z-2 19.8 Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin C----------- 2815 53.5 Bread----------------------------------------------- 16.6 ,Cereal*--------------------------------------------- 40.8 Fats and oila-------------------------------------- 31.2 Desserta.------------------------------------------- 57.8 Candy-----------------------------------------------

Sweetened beveragesl-------------------------------- 26.1 

Artificially sweetefied beveragesI------------------- "vi coffee and tea--------------------------------------

Salty snacks----------------------------------------. 291:; 

See footnotes at end of table. 

68 
Table 23. Number of persons in sample, estimated population, and percent distribution of females aged 45-64 yearsbyfrequency of intake of selected food groups, according to income level and race: United States, 1971-74-&n. 

Frequency of intake 

Number of Estimated 

Income level, race, and food group persons

in sample pop”::tion Seldom

thousands 2 or I never 

INCOME ABOVEPOVERTYLEVEL 

Percent distribution 

White 

Whole milk------------------------------------------ 1,075 28.3 Skim milk------------------------------------------- 1,073 11.9 

)feat =,,d poultry------------------------------------ 1,075 21.0 Fish and shellfish---------------------------------- 1,075 60.0 Eggs------------------------------------------------

Cheese---------------------------------------------- 'la",;2 %2 

legumes, seeds, and nuts---------------------------- 1107; 4413 

Fruits 

Fruits 

and vegetables, all kinds-------------------- 1,075 and vegetables rich in vitamin A----------- 1,071 6:': 

Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin C----------- 1,073 38:2 Bread----------------------------------------------- 1,075 14.2 cerea1s---------------------------------------------

Fats and oils--------------------------------------- :%: 38.5 Desserts-------------------------------------------- $;;; 28.2 C="dv----------------------------------------------- 11.6 sweetened beveragesI-------------------------------- Artificially sweetened beveragesl------------------- p;; ?*i Coffee and tea-------------------------------------- 1:074 1s:9 

Salty snacks---------------------------------------- 1,075 3.3 

Black 

mole milk------------------------------------------ 138 1,279 Skim milk------------------------------------------- 138 :E heat a,,d poultry------------------------------------ 137 x: 25:5 Fish and shellfish---------------------------------- 138 11279 Eggs------------------------------------------------ 137 1,276 z-9" Cheese---------------------------------------------- 5814 

~egmnes, seeds, and nuts _________-____-_____-------- E 

Fruits 

Fruits and vegetables, all kinds-------------------- 138 z-2

and vegetables rich in vitamin A----------- 138 73:1

Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin C----------- 138 42.9 Bread----------------------------------------------- 138 1,279 27.7 19.4 Cereals--------------------------------------------- 138 1,279 39.2 Fats and oils--------------------------------------- 137 1,269 21.3 Desserts-------------------------------------------- 138 1,279 

Candy----------------------------------------------- 138 Sweet=,, beveragesl---------------------------------- 138

Artificially sweetened beveragesl------------------- 138 :i:; Coffee and tea-------------------------------------- 138 

Salty snacks---------------------------------------- 137 26.0 7::: 

I 

'Does not include alcoholic beverages. 

NOTE: Percents my not add to 100.0 due to rounding. 

63.8 
Table 24. Number of persons in sample, estimated population, and percent distribution of males aged 45-64 yews by frequency of intake of selected food groups, according to income level and race: United States, 1971-74 

-

Frequency of intake 

1Number of IstimSted 

income level, race, and food group p??ZSCJW ?opulation in in sample thousands 

INCOMEBELOWPOVRRTYLEVEL 

",,,,I= mLlk-----------------------------------------­

s,&, milk--------------------------------------

Meat and poultry-----------------------------------­ ~j,sh and shellfish----------------------------------

Eggs------------------------------------------------

Cheese----------;----------------------------------­

~egrrmes, seeds, a,,d nuts----------------------------

Fruits 

Fruits 

and vegetables, all kinds-------------------­

and vegetables rich in vitamin A-----------

Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin C----------­

sw&e,,ed be”ersgesl--------------------------------

Artificially sweetened beveragesl------------------- Coffee and tea---------------I-_---------------------

Salty snacks----------------------------------------

Black 

Whole mLlk------------------------------------------

Skim milk-------------------------------------------

Me& s,,d poultry-----------------------------------­

$is,, s,,d shellfish----------------------------------

Eggs------------------------------------------------

Cheese---------------------------------.------------

Legumes, seeds, s,,d mts----------------------------

Fruits 

Fruits and vegetables, ~11 kinds--------------------

and vegetables rich in vitamin A-----------

Fruits and venetsbles rich in vitamin C----------­

sweetened beverages*--------------------------------

Artificially sweetened beveragesl------------------- Coffee s,,d tes-------------------------------------­ salty sn*cKs----------------------------------------

See footnotes at end of table. 

70 

Percent distribution 

:G 13.9 27.2 26.8 

11259 142.46 4::: 392.:

0:o 3813 

:% 

1:259 0':: 2;:: 

1z

:% 1::: 

1:259 ':2

1,259 i-i 18:5

1,233 31:1 21.0

1,259 12.6 

1,259 2:::

1,256 E-61

20" 18':; '3:-i z:z 3813 

1:259 E 

1,247 1a:o 2;:; 61'93 

1,259 0.0 1J3:2 

iti: 

:zi 

500 

476

500 

i9':

474

500 

:i: 

500 

495

500 

500 

476

500 
Table 24. Number of persons in sample, estimated

according 

and percent distribution of males aged 45-64 years by frequency of intake of selected food groups, 

population,to income level and race: United States, 1971-74-Con. - PMW3"S popu:~tio" I

1 I 

Frequency of 

I 

intake 

iumber of I I Estimated I 

in sample thousands 

mt ior 1 

26.6 25.4 ‘Z-Z 80.4

51:1 1::: 

2x E-4 

lo:8 68:l

55.9 

3Z "2

667'; 3291 4514 

491-z 

1615 

198':

2:6 

16.6 

4.6 383:; 

127 35.7

127 :*k% 86.2

127 1:046

127 1,046 127 1,046 127 1,046 127 1,046 80:: 

126 1,037 127 1,046 :41-83 70.2 

126 21:7 44.5

127 24.5 

3g.81 :s: 42:0 17.1

126 

127 1,046 2

127 2::: 20:1

127 :aitf 87.0

127 11046 42: 

126 1,043 911 23.8 6% 

71 

2 
30:2 

11:1 

10.0 

rable 25. Number of persons in sample, estimated population, and percent distribution of females aged 65-74 years by frequencj of intake of selected food groups, according to income level and race: United States, 1971-74 

Estimated Frequency of intake 

lumber of population Income level, race, and food group poisons in Ln sample thousands 

INCOMEBELOWPOVERTYLEVEL 

white 

*ale milk-----------------------------------------­

flcim milk-------------------------------------------

Meat and poultry-----------------------------------­

pi& and shellfish-----------------------------------

Egg*------------------------------------------------

Chee*e---------------------------------------------­

legumes, seeds, and nuts----------------------------

Fruits 

and vegetables, all kinds-------------------­ 'Fruits 

and vegetables rich 1n vitamin A-----------

Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin C----------- Bread-----------------------------------------------

Cere*l*---------------------------------------------

Fats and oLls--------------------------------------­

ue**ert*-------------------------------------------­

c**dy-----------------------------------------------

Sweetened be"eragesl--------------------------------

Artificially sweetened beverages'------------------- Coffee a,,d teB--------------------------------------

Salty snack*----------------------------------------

Black 

Whole milk------------------------------------------

S,&, milk-------------------------------------------

Me& and poultry------------------------------------

FL*,, and shellfish----------------------------------

Egg*------------------------------------------------

Cheese---------------------------------------------­

legumes, seeds, a,,d nuts----------------------------

Fruits

Fruits 

and vegetables, all kinds-------------------­

and vegetables rich in vitamin A-----------

Fruits and vegetables ri.ch in vitamin C----------- Bread-----------------------------------------------

Cere*l*---------------------------------------------

Fats and oils--------------------------------------­

ue**ert*--------------------------------------------

Candy-----------------------------------------------

Sweetened beveragesl--------------------------------

Artificially sweetened beveragesl------------------- C&fee a,,d teQ--------------------------------------

Salty snacks----------------------------------------

See footnotes at end of table. 

72 

Percent distribution 

15.0 25.0 28.4 27.3 

14.2 71.9 

307

:z 

1Z 4::; 309 0:o 1% 5::: 

308 1.1 201:: 56:3 

308 1.116 57.4 % 

307 1,106 35:1 z-z z-8' 40.1 52:6 

303 1,109 16.0 

305 53.9 3:';

305 xi 5'.: ;i:i 38.4 21:6 

11114 34:o

%i 1,117 27:l 4:': 281-G 

309 1,119 2z 15:9 11:2 

308 1,118 314 :"3*; 42.8 29.5 

308 1,115 308 1,118 2: 12.8 ;"1:9' 2.: 

309 1,119 2!:5 z.4 

89:9 

% x , 19:8 7::: 

E %Z 

51:a 4:*2 

E 2713

38:6 60.3 

47.9 

':s 

::*2 16:2 

33:4 26.2 

11.5 

4:?! 

21:8

29.9

56.0 

::t 14.4 45.4 

1:': 501.: 181.: z-: 0:O 3:6 21:9 7415 
Table 25. Number of persons in sample, estimated population, end percent distribution of females aged 65-74 yearsbyfrequency of intake of selected food groups, according to income level and race: United States, 1971-74-Con. 

1,096 Coffee a,,d tea-------r------------------------------ 1,096 Salty snacks---------------------------------------- 1,095 

Black 

Whole milk------------------------------------------

Ski,,,,milk------------------------------------------­ &at a,,d poultry------------------------------------

Fish and shellfish----------------------------------

Legunes, seeds, and nuts----------------------------

Fruits 

Fruits and vegetables, all kinds--------------------

and vegetables rich in vitamin A-----------

Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin C----------- Bread-----------------------------------------------

Cereals---------------------------------------------

Fats and oLls---------------------------------------

Desaert*--------------------------------------------

Ca*d"-----------------------------------------------

Sweetened beveragesl--------------------------------

Artificially sweetened beveranes'------------------- Coffee and tea--------------------------------------

Salty snacks---------------------------------------­

'Does not include alcoholic beverages. 

NOTE: Percents may not add to 100.0 due to rounding. 

Income level, race, and food group 

INCOMEABOVEPOVERTYLEVEL 

White 

Whole milk------------------------------------------

S,&, mLlk-------------------------------------------

Neat and poultry-----------------------------------. 

FL=,, and shellfish----------------------------------

Eggs------------------------------------------------

Cheese----------------------------------------------

Legumes, seeds, and not*----------------------------

Fruits 

Fruits 

and vegetables, all kinds-------------------­

and vegetables rich in vitamin A-----------

Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin C----------- Bread-----------------------------------------------

Cereals---------------------------------------------

Fats a,,d oLls---------------------------------------

Desserts--------------------------------------------

Candy-----------------------------------------------

Sweetened beveragesl--------------------------------

Artificially sweetened beversgesl-------------------

Estimated 

popuFon

thousands 

Frequency of intake 

Percent distribution 

z*t 

2311 

48.5 

89.2 

795:: 

19.6 32.6 41.2

16.2

5::: 31.9 

2% 

:*'3 

3415

14.1 

27.5 

35.2 

167.56 

16:0 

73 
*able 26. Number of persons in sample, estimated population, and percent distribution of males aged 65-74 years by frequency of intake of selected food groups, according to income level and race: United States, 1971-74 

lstimated Frequency of intake 

Income level, race, and food group 

Number of )opulatio" in

:housands 

B times 3 times 2 times once 1-6 Seldom a day D-r nwre a day a day a day times or a week "ever 

INCOMEBELOWPOVERTYLEVEL 

Percent distribution 

Whole mFlk------------------------------------------ 9.2 ski,” milk------------------------------------------- ::: 2.1 Heat and poultry------------------------------------ 567 16.0 Fish and shellfish---------------------------------- 569 Eggs------------------------------------------------ 2: Cheese---------------------------------------------- :z Legumes, seeds, &"d nuts---------------------------- 570 I?:

Fruits and vegetables, all kinds-------------------- 27:0

Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin A----------- ::9' 0.0 Fruits and vegetables rich i? vitamin C----------- 565 Bread----------------------------------------------- 571 3::: :z Cereals--------------------------------------------- 32:9 Fats and oils--------------------------------------- 2: 201:: 14.2 Desserts--------------------------------------------

Ca"dy----------------------------------------------- ::A i-6' "2:*: sr.geete"ed beveraaesl-------------------------------- 571 3:2 2613

Artificially swe&ened beveragesI------------------- 3.5 Coffee and tea-------------------------------------- :z Salty snacks---------------------------------------- 571 2!:{ 241:: 

Whole milk-------------------------------------- 119 37.7 skb milk------------------------------------------- 119 ::2 82.6 p&at and poultry------------------------------------ 118 Fish and shellfLsh---------------------------------- 118 ::i 391.: Eggs------------------------------------------------ 119 I.74 13:2 Cheese=--------------------------------------------- 119 Legu,,~es, seeds, and nuts---------------------------- ::4 622:: 

Fruits 

and vegetables, all kF"ds-------------------- Fruits ::;I 167 44.2

and vegetables rich in vitamin A----------- 117 172 70.4 2:::

Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin C----------- 119 174 Bread----------------------------------------------- 116 169 "it Cereals----------------------------------~---------- 119 $2:; Fats and oils--------------------------------------- 119 :::: Desserts-------------------------------------------- 118 23:7 Ca"dy----------------------------------------------- ::; 75.5 sweetened beveragesl------------------------------~- ::8' 173 36.7 Artificially sweetened beveragesl------------------- 118 93.7 “offee and tea-------------------------------------- 117 ::: 19.3 Salty snacks---------------------------------------- 118 173 84.5 

See footnotes at end of table. 'i 

74 
--------- 

Table 26. Number of persons in sample, estimated population, and percent distribution of males aged 65-74 years by frequency of intake of selected food groups, according to income level and race: United States, 1971-74-Con. 

-

Income level, race, and food group 

INCOME ABOVE POVERTY LEVEL 

Whole milk-----------------------------------------,

Skh mFlk------------------------------------------, Meata,,d poultry-----------------------------------, FL&, a,-,dshellfish---------------------------------, gggs-----------------------------------------------, Cheese---------------------------------------------, 

legumes, seeds, a,,d nuts---------------------------

Fruits and vegetables, all kinds------------------~ 

Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin A----------

Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin C----------

Bread----------------------------------------------

Cereals--------------------------------------------

Fats and oils--------------------------------------

Desserts-------------------------------------------

Candy----------------------------------------------

Sweet=,,& be"eragesl-------------------------------

Coffee Artfficially sweetened beveragesl------------------ a,,,j teB-------------------------------------

Salty snacks---------------------------------------

Black 

*&$ mLlk------------------------------ m-m--------

Skim milk--------------------------------------

Meat and poultry----------------------------------- Fish and shellfish--------------------------------- Eggs--------------------------------------

Cheese---------------------------------------------

Legumes, seeds, and nllts---------------------------

Fruits and vegetables, all kinds-------------------

Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin A----------

Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin C----------

Bread----------------------------------------------

Cereals--------------------------------------------

F&s and oils--------------------------------------

Desserts-------------------------------------------

Candy---------------------------------------------­

&e&e,,& beveragesl-------------------------------

Coffee Artificially sweetened beveragesl------------------ a,,d tea-------------------------------------

Salty snacks--------------------------------------­

'Does not include alcoholic beverages. 

NOTE: Percents may not add to 100.0 due to rounding. 

Frequency of intake 

4 

c 

I 

Percent distribution 

293*83 %:Z

23:0 

5i.95 

4E 16:3 

63:8 24.5 

43.1 

2;:: "E 

62:5 301.: 

357.: 16:9 

23:l 

z.82 

29:5 

12.8 26.3 

12.0 

'E 

2x '2.9' 

3:2 2::; 6715 

25.9 35.1 

E! 14.7 

20:6 23.3 'E 

51.5 4719 

E 18.3 

0:c 57.0 

1.: 

32.: 

0.c 

5::: 

:;-t 

1;:; 3418 . 23.5 

6.C 

?f 16-t 

1X 5E 

0:c 1:1 86.5 

75 
APPENDIXES 

CONTENTS 

I. Demographic and Socioeconomic Terms. ................................ 78 

II. Dietary. Frequency Questionnaire. ................................... 80 

HI. Source of Nutrients for Standard Food Groups: HANES I Dietary Frequency Data, 1971-74 . 81 

Iv. A Dally Food Guide ........................................... 84 

V. Statistical Notes. ............................................. 

The Survey Design. .......................................... 

Nonresponse .............................................. 87 

Missing Data .............................................. 89 

StandardE~ors ..... .. ..................................................................... ii 

Standards of Reliability and Precision. 

LIST OF APPENDIX TABLES 

L Weighted average thresholds at-the low-income level in 1971, by farm-nonfarm residence, sex 

of.f-$inily head, and size of family: United States . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 

II. Civilian noninstitutionalized population, by age, sex, and race: United States, November 1, 

1g724................................................... 88 

III. Number and percent distribution of cells by size of nonresponse adjustment factors: HANES, 

stands l-65,1971-74. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 

lv. Number of subjects with satisfactory completion codes but missing food items: HANES, 

star& l-65,1971-74. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 

V. Standard errors for the percentages of frequency of intake of selected food groups for white 

persons aged 1-74 years, by income level: United States, 1971-74 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 

VI. Standard errors for the percentages of frequency of intake of selected food groups for black 

persons aged 1-74 years, by income level: United States, 1971-74 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 

VII. Standard errors for the percentages of frequency of intake of selected food groups for males 

aged l-5 years, by race: United States, 1971-74. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 

VIII. Standard errors for the percentages of frequency of intake ,of selected food groups for females 

aged 1-5 years, by race: United States, 1971-74. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 

lx. Standard errors for the percentages of frequency of intake of selected food groups for males 

aged 6-11 years, by race: United States, 1971-74. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 

X. Standard errors for the percentages of frequency of intake of selected food groups for females 

aged 6-11 years, by race: United States, 1971-74. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 

XI. Standard errors for the percentages of frequency of intake of selected food groups for males 

aged 12-17 years, by race: United States, 1971-74 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 

XII. Standard errors for the percentages of frequency of intake of selected food groups for females 

aged 12-17 years, by race: United States, 1971-74 . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 

76 
XIII. Standard errors for the percentages of frequency of intake of selected food groups for males 

aged 18-44 years, by race: United States, 1971-74 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 

XIV. Standard errors for the percentages of frequency of intake of selected food groups for females 

aged 18-44 years, by race: United States, 1971-74 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 

xv. Standard errors for the percentages of frequency of intake of selected food groups for males 

aged 45-64 years, by race: United States, 1971-74 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 

XVI. Standard errors for the percentages of frequency of intake of selected food groups for females 

aged 45-64 years, by race: United States, 1971-74 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 

XVII. Standard errors for the percentages of frequency of intake of selected food groups for males 

aged 65-74 years, by race: United States, 1971-74 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 

XVIII. Standard errors for the percentages of frequency of intake of selected food groups for females 

aged 65-74 years, by race: United States, 1971-74 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 

77 
-- 

APPENDIX I 

Demographic and Socioeconomic ferms 

The demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of the population sampled are defined 

as follows. 

Age.-The age recorded for each examinee 

was the age at his last birthday as of the date of 

examination. The age criterion for inclusion in 

the sample used in this survey was defined in 

terms of age at time of census interview. Some 

of those who were 74 years old at the time of 

interview became 75 years old by the time of 

the examination. There were 20 such cases. In 

the adjustment and weighting procedures used 

to produce national estimates, these persons 

were included in the 74-year-old group. 

Race.-For each individual, race was recorded as “white,” “black,” or “other races.” 

The last category included American Indians, 

Chinese, Japanese, and all races other than white 

or black. Mexican persons were included with 

“white” unless definitely known to be American 

Indian or of a race other than white. Blacks and 

persons of mixed Negro and other parentage 

were recorded as “black.“, 

Family income.-The income recorded was 

the total income reported during the past 12 

months by the head of the household and all 

other household members related to the head by 

blood, marriage, or adoption. This income was 

the total cash income (excluding pay in kind, 

e.g., meals, living quarters, or supplies provided 

in place of cash wages) except in the case of a 

family with its own farm or business, in which 

case net income was recorded. Also included in 

the family income figure were allotments and 

other money received by the family from a 

member of the Armed Forces whether he was 

living at home or not. 

Poverty index.-Income status was determined by the Poverty Income Ratio (PIR). 

Poverty statistics published in Census Bureau 

reports4 were based on the poverty index developed by the Social Security Administration in 

1964. (For a detailed discussion of the SSA poverty standards, see references.5 16) Modifications 

in the definition of poverty were adopted in 

1969.7 The standard data series in poverty for 

statistical use by all executive departments and 

establishments has been established.8 

The two components of the PIR are the 

total income of the household (numerator) and 

a multiple of the total income necessary to 

maintain a family with given characteristics on a 

nutritionally adequate food plan6 (denominator). The dollar value of the denominator of 

the PIR is constructed from a food plan (economy plan) necessary to maintain minimum recommended da+ly nutritional requirements. The 

economy plan is designated by the Department 

of Agriculture for “emergency or temporary use 

when funds are low.” 

For families of three or more persons, the 

poverty level was set at 3 times the cost of the 

economy food plan. For smaller families and 

persons living alone, the cost of the economy 

food plan was adjusted by the relatively higher 

fixed expenses of these smaller households. - The denominator or poverty income cutoff 

adjusts the family poverty income maintenance 

requirements by the family size, the sex of the 

family head, the age of the family head in families with one or two members, and the place of 

residence (farm, nonfarm). Annual revisions of 

the poverty income cutoffs are based on the 

NOTE: A list of references follows the text. 

78 
changes in the average cost of living as reflected 

in the Consumer Price Index. 

As shown in table I, the annual income considered to be the poverty level increases as the 

family size increases. A family with any combination of characteristics and with the same income as shown in the table has been designated 

as having a PIR or poverty level of 1.0. The same 

family with twice the income found in the table 

would have a PIR of 2.0. Ratios of less than 1.0 

can be described as “below poverty,” ratios 

greater than 1.0, as “above poveky.” . 

Poverty thresholds are com,puted on a 

national basis only. No attempt has been made 

to adjust these thresholds for regional, State, or 

other local variation in the cost of living (except 

for the farm, nonfarm difference). None of the 

noncash public welfare benefits such as food 

stamp bonuses or free food commodities are 

included in the income of the low-income families receiving these benefits. 

Table I shows threshold income values for 

the combinations listed above. 

Table I. Weighted average thresholds at the low-income level in 1971, t Farm-nonfarm residence, sex of family head, and size of family: 

United St !S 

Size of family 

All unrelated individuals ........................................................ 

Under 65 years ................................................................. 

65 years and over .............................................................. 

All families ............................................................................. 

2 persons .......................................................................... 

Head under 65 years .................................................... 

Head 65 years and over ............................................... 

3 persons .......................................................................... 

4 parsons .......................................................................... 

5 persons .......................................................................... 

6 persons .......................................................................... 

7 persons or more ............................................................. 

lFor unrelated individuals, sex of the Individual. 

Total 

Total Male 

head’ 

Female 

head1 

$2,033 $2.040 $2,136 $1,978 

2,093 2,098 2,181 2,017 

1,931 1,940 1,959 1,934 

3,700 3,724 3,764 3,428 

2,612 2,633 2,641 2,581 

2,699 2,716 2,731 2,635 

2,424 w4f3 2,450 .2,437 

3,207 3,229 3,246 3.127 

4,113 4,137 4,139 4,1!6 

4,845 4,886 4,884 4,837 

6,441 6,489 5,492 5,460 

6,678 6,751 6,771 6,583 

T Farm 

Female ,,,,, head1 

$1,727 $1,783 $1,669 

1,805 1,853 1,715 

1,652 1,666 1,643 

3,235 3,242 3.079 

2,219 2,224 2,130 

2,317 2,322 2,195 

2,082 2,081 2,089 

2,745 2,749 2,627 

3,527 3,528 3,513 

4,159 4,159 4,148 

4,688 4,689 4,656 

5,736 5,749 5,516 

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census: Characteristics of the low-income population: 1971, CurrentPopuZution Reports, Series P-60, 

No. 116,p. It. 

79 
APPENDIX II 

Dietary Frequency Questionnaire 

80 
APPENDIX III. 

Source of Nutrients for Standard Food Groups: 

HANES I Dietary Frequency Data, 1971-74”” 

FOOD GROUP AND MAJOR CONTRIBUTING 

NUTRIENTS 

1. WHOLE MILK 

Excellent source: Calcium, phosphorus, protein, 

vitamin A, riboflavin, and 

calories 

Good.source: Vitamin Be, vitamin B, a, and folacin 

Fair source: Magnesium, thiamin, vitamin E 

Low source: Iron-though low, has an excellent 

quality and is readily available in 

soluble form; copper; vitamin C; 

vitamin D-will vary depending on 

fortification 

2. SKIM MILK 

Can be used aspa substitute for whole or 

Z-percent milk and is approximately equal 

in food value. Has fewer calories, is 

lower in vitamin A unless fortified, and 

has most of the fat removed. 

3. MEAT AND POULTRY 

Meat: Protein, fat 

Excellent source: Phorphorus. magnesium,iron 

Good source: Niacin, riboflavin, vitamin Be, 

;;;p B12’ and vitamin A in 

NOTE: A list of references follows the text. 

OTHER NUTRIENTS 

Major minerals: Potassium, 

calcium, chlorine, sodium, 

phosphorus, magnesium, iron, 

iodine 

Minor mineral elements: 

Aluminum, boron, bromine, 

chromium, cobalt, copper, 

selenium, manganese, nickel, 

molybdenum, zinc, sulfur 

Fat-soluble vitamins: 

A, D, E, K 

Water-soluble vitamins: 

Thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, 

pantothenic acid, vitamin 

Be, folic acid, biotin, 

vrtamin B, 2, vitamin C, and 

choline 

Thiamin, calcium, sodium, 

potassium, copper, zinc, 

sulfur, pantothenic acid, 

choline 

81 
FOOD GROUP AND MAJOR CONTRIBUTING 

NUTRIENTS 

Poultry: Protein, phosphorus, magnesium, iron, 

thiamin, niacin, vitamin Be, vitamin 

B, 2, vitamin A, riboflavin. Is lower in 

fat 

4. FISH AND SHELLFISH 

Excellent source: Protein 

Phosphorus, magnesium, iron, thiamin, niacin, 

vitamin Be-, vitamin B, 2, vitamin A, riboflavin 

5. EGGS 

Whites: Protein, riboflavin 

Yolks: Vitamin A, vitamin E, vitamin 

Be, vitamin B, 2, thiamin, riboflavin, 

vitamin B, iron, cholesterol, biotin, 

choline 

6. CHEESE AND CHEESE DISHES 

Calories, protein, fat, calcium, 

vitamin A, riboflavin, phosphorus 

7. LEGUMES, SEEDS, AND NUTS 

Excellent source: Iron 

Good source: Protein, thiamin, zinc, 

magnesium, niacin 

Sprouted legumes: Rich in vitamin C 

Soybeans : 

Excellent source: Vitamin A, 

thiamin, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, 

iron, niacin, and riboflavin 

Peanuts: Protein, sodium, potassium, 

phosphorus, thiamin, iron, riboflavin, niacin 

Seeds: 

Excellent source: Phosphorus, niacin 

Good source: Thiamin, riboflavin, calcium 

Nuts: Fat, calories, protein 

Fair source: Thiamin, riboflavin, niacin 

OTHER NUTRIENTS 

Sodium, potassium, sulfur, 

chloride, zinc, pantothenic 

acid, folic acid, choline 

Fish: Potassium, vitamin A, 

zinc, pantothenic acid, 

choline 

Shellfish: Iodine, zinc, sulfur, 

fluorine; appreciable amounts of 

cobalt, copper, calcium, sodium, 

potassium, cholesterol 

Phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, 

copper, sulfur, zinc, folic acid 

Iron, thiamin, magnesium, 

sulfur 

Phosphorus, sulfur, manganese, 

copper, molybdenum, pantothenic 

acid, biotin 

Manganese, phosphorus, biotin, 

magnesium, sulfur, copper 

82 
FOOD GROUP AND MAJOR CONTRIBUTING 

NUTRIENTS 

8-10. FRUITS AND VEGETABLES 

Fruits: Ascorbic acid, vitamin A 

Vegetables: Vitamin A; ascorbic acid, 

Folk acid, potassium, and indigestible 

cellulose fiber (nonnutritive food 

constituent) 

11. BREAD 

12. CEREALS 

Enriched foods from these groups supply: 

Calories 

Excellent source: Iron, vitamin Be, niacin, 

thiamin, and riboflavin 

Fair source: Folacin 

13. BUTTER AND MARGARINE (FATS AND OILS) 

Calories, fat soluble vitamins: A, D, 

E,andK 

14. DESSERTS 

Calories and fat 

15. CANDY 

16. SWEETENED CARBONATED BEVERAGES AND 

BEVERAGES PREPARED WITH SUGAR 

17. ARTIFICIALLY SWEETENED BEVERAGES 

18. COFFEE AND TEA 

Food and beverages from food groups 15-18 

do not significantly contribute to the 

protein, mineral, or vitamin levels of the 

diet, but food groups 15 and 16 do supply 

calories. 

19. SALTY SNACK FOODS 

Calories and fat 

OTHER NUTRIENTS 

Iron, magnesium, vitamin B6, 

indigestible cellulose fiber 

(nonnutritive food constituent), 

B-complex vitamins, appreciable 

amounts of sodium and potassium 

Green leafy: Calcium, vitamin K, 

riboflavin, iron, ascorbic acid, 

thiamin, folic acid 

Flowering: Phosphorus, riboflavin 

Fruit: Vitamin C 

Bulb: Vitamin C 

Root: Thiamin 

Phosphorus, magnesium, 

potassium, protein, 

manganese, copper, 

molybdenum, pantothenic 

acid 

Cholesterol, essential 

fatty acids 

Calcium, phosphorus, iron, 

sodium, potassium, vitamin 

A, thiamin, riboflavin, 

essential fatty acids and 

cholesterol. These nutrients 

vary, depending on the enrichment and/or fortification 

of the product. 

Calcium, phosphorus, iron, 

sodium, potassium, this&n 

83 
APPENDIX IV 

A Daily Food Guide 

The following guide appears in a Home and Garden Bulletin published by the U.S. Department 

of Agriculture. 1 2 

A DAILY FOOD GUIDE 

The daily food guide below presents foods in four groups on the basis of their similarity in nutrient content. The 

four groups are: 

the meat group 

the vegetable-fruit group 

the milk group 

the bread-cereal group 

MEAT GROUP 

FOOD INCLUDED: Beef; veal; lamb; pork; variety meats, such as liver, heart, kidney. Poultry and eggs. Fish and 

shellfish. 

As alternates-dry beans, dry peas, lentils, nuts, peanuts, peanut butter. 

AMOUNTS RECOMMENDED: Choose two or more servings every day. Count as a serving: 2 to 3 ounces of lean 

cooked meat, poultry or fish-all without bone. 

One egg, l/2 cup cooked dry beans, dry peas, or lentils, or 2 tablespoons peanut butter may replace one-half 

serving of meat. 

VEGETABLE-FRUIT GROUP 

FOODS INCLUDED: All vegetables and fruits. This guide emphasizes those that are valuable as sources of vitamin 

and vitamin A. 

Sources of Vitamin C: 

Good sources-Grapefruit or grapefruit juice; orange or orange juice; cantaloupe; guava; mango; papaya; fresh 

strawberries; broccoli; brussels sprouts; green pepper; sweet red pepper. 

Fair sources-honeydew melon; lemon; tangerine or tangerine juice; watermelon; asparagus tips; raw cabbage; 

collards; garden cress; kale; kohlrabi; mustard greens; potatoes and sweet potatoes cooked in the jacket; spinach; 

tomatoes or tomato juice; turnip greens. 

Sources of Vitamin A: 

Dark green and deep yellow vegetables and a few fruits: apricots, broccoli, cantaloupe, carrots, chard, collards, 

cress, kale, mango, persimmon, pumpkin, spinach, sweet potatoes, turnip greens and other dark green leafy vegetables, 

winter squash. 

AMOUNTS RECOMMENDED: 

Choose four or more servings every day, including: 

One serving of a good source of vitamin C or two servings of a fair source. 

One serving, at least every other day, of a good source of vitamin A. If the food chosen for vitamin C is also a 

good source of vitamin A, the additional serving of a vitamin A food may be omitted. 

NOTE: A list of references follows the text. 

C 
The remaining one to three or more servings may be of any vegetable or fruit, including those that are valuable 

for vitamin C and for vitamin A. 

Count as one serving: l/2 cup of vegetable or fruit; or a portion as ordinarily served, such as 1 medium orange or 

potato, half a medium grapefruit or cantaloupe, or the juice of one lemon. 

MILK GROUP 

FOODS INCLUDED: Milk-fluid whole, evaporated, skim, dry, buttermilk. 

Cheese-cottage; cream; Cheddar-type, natural or processed. Ice cream. Yogurt. 

AMOUNTS RECOMMENDED: Some milk every day for everyone. 

Recommended amounts are given below in terms of 8-ounce cups of whole fluid milk: 

Children under 9 . . _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 to 3 Adults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 or more

Children9 to 12.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _ .3 ormore Pregnant women . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -3 or more 

Teenagers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 or more Nursing mothers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -4 or more 

Part or all of the milk may be fluid skim milk, buttermilk, evaporated milk or dry milk. 

Other milk products, such as cheese, ice cream or yogurt, may replace part of the milk. The amount it will take to 

replace a given amount of milk is figured on the basis of calcium content. Common portions of cheese, yogurt and ice 

cream and their milk equivalents in calcium are: 

l-inch cube Cheddar-type cheese = l/2 cup milk 

l/2 cup yogurt = l/2 cup milk 

l/2 cup cottage cheese = l/3 cup milk 

2 tablespoons cream cheese = 1 tablespoon milk 

l/2 cup ice cream or ice milk = l/3 cup milk 

BREAD-CEREAL GROUP 

FOOD INCLUDED: All breads and cereals that are whole grain, enriched or restored; check labels to be sure. 

Specifically, this group includes: breads; cooked cereals; ready to eat cereals; cornmeal; crackers: flour; grits; 

macaroni and spaghetti; noodl,es; rice; rolled oats; and quick breads and other baked goods if made with whole-grain or 

enriched flour. 

Bulgur and par-boiled rice and wheat also may be included in this group. 

AMOUNTS RECOMMENDED: Choose four servings or more daily. Or, if no cereals are chosen, have an extra serving of 

breads or baked goods, which will make at least five servings from this group daily. 

Count as one serving: 1 slice of bread; 1 ounce ready-to-eat cereal; l/2 to 3/4 cup cooked cereal, cornmeal, grits, 

macaroni, noodles, rice, or spaghetti. 

OTHER FOODS: 

To round out meals and meet energy needs, almost everyone will use some foods not specified in the four food 

groups. Such foods include: unenriched, refined breads, cereals, flours; sugars; butter, margarine, other fats. These often 

are ingredients in a recipe or added to other foods during preparation or at the table. 

Try to include some vegetable oil among the fats used. 
APPENDIX V 

Statistical Notes 

The Survey Design 

The sampling plan for the first 65 stands of 

the Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 

(HANES) f o11owed a stratified multistage probability design in which a sample of the civilian 

noninstitutionalized population of the coterminous United States, 1-74 years of age, was 

selected. Excluded from the selection were 

persons residing in Alaska and Hawaii and those 

within the coterminous United States confined 

to institutions or residing on reservation lands of 

American Indians. Successive elements dealt 

with in the process of sampling were the primary 

sampling unit (PSU), census enumeration district 

(ED) 9 segment (a cluster of households), 

household, eligible person, and finally sample 

person. 

The starting points in the first stage of this 

design were the 1960 decennial census lists of 

addresses and the nearly 1,900 PSU’s into which 

the entire United States was divided. Each PSU 

is either a standard metropolitan statistical area 

(SMSA), a county, or two or three contiguous 

counties. The PSU’s were grouped into 357 

strata for use in the Health Interview Survey and 

subsequently collapsed into 40 superstrata for 

use in Cycle II and Cycle III of the Health 

Examination Survey and HANES. 

Fifteen of the 40 superstrata contained a 

single large metropolitan area of more than 

2 million population. These 15 large metropolitan areas were chosen into the sample with 

certainty. The 25 noncertainty strata were classified into four broad geographic regions of 

app r o ximately equal population and crossclassified into four broad population density 

groups in each region. Then a modified 

Go odman-Kish controlled-selection technique 

was used to select two PSU’s from each of’the 

25 noncertainty superstrata, with the probability of selection of a PSU proportionate to its 

1960 population so that proportionate representation of specified State groups and rate of population change classes was maintained in the 

sampIe. In this manner a total first-stage sample 

of 65 PSU’s was selected. These 65 sample 

PSU’s, or stands, are the areas within which a 

sample of persons would be selected for examination over a 3-year survey period. 

Although the 1970 census data were used as 

the frame for selecting the sample within PSU’s 

when they became available, the calendar of 

operations required that 1960 census data be 

used for 44 of the 65 stands in the sample of 

HANES. ED’s in each PSU were divided into 

segments of an expected six housing units each. 

In urban ED’s the segments were clusters of six 

addresses from the 1960 Census Listing Books. 

For ED’s not having usable addresses, area sampling was employed; consequently some variation in the segment size occurred. To make the 

sample representative of the current population 

of the United States, the addressor list segments 

were supplemented by a sample of housing units 

that had been constructed since 1960. 

Within each PSU a systematic sample of segments was selected. The ED’s which fell into the 

sample were coded into one of two economic 

classes. The first class, identified as the “poverty 

stratum,” was composed of “current poverty 

areas” that had been identified by the Bureau of 

the Census in 1970 (pre-1970 census), plus other 

ED’s in the PSU with a mean income of less than 

$3,000 in 1959 (based on 1960 census). The 

second economic class, the “nonpoverty, 

86 
stratum,” included all ED’s not designated as belonging to the “poverty stratum.” All sample 

segments classified as being in the “poverty stratum” were retained in the sample. For those 

sample segments in “nonpoverty stratum” ED’s, 

the selected segments were divided into eight 

random subgroups and one of the subgroups was 

chosen to remain in the HANES sample. This 

procedure permits a separate analysis with adequate reliability of those classified as being 

below the poverty level and those classified as 

being above the poverty level. 

After identifying the sample segments, a list 

of all current addresses within the segment 

boundaries was made, and the households were 

interviewed to determine the age and sex of each 

household member as well as other demographic 

and socioeconomic information. 

To select the persons in sample segments to 

be examined in HANES, all household members 

aged 1-74 in each segment were listed on a sample selection worksheet, with each household in 

the segment listed serially. The number of 

household members in each of the six age-sex 

groups shown below was listed on the worksheet 

under the appropriate age-sex group column. 

The sample selection worksheets were then put 

in segment number order, and a systematic 

random sample of persons in each age-sex group 

was selected to be examined using the folIowing 

sampling rates. 

Age Rate 

l-5 years .................... 112 

6-19 years ................... l/4

20-44 years (male) .............. l/4

20-44 years (female) ............. l/2

45-64 years ................... l/4

65-74 years ................... 1 

The persons selected in the 65-stand sample 

of HANES comprise a representative sample of 

the target population and included 28,043 sample persons l-74 years of age. Of these, 20,749, 

or 74.0 percent, were examined. When adjustments are made for differential sampling for 

high-risk groups, the response rate becomes 75.2 

percent. 

All data presented in this report are based on 

“weighted” observations; that is, data recorded 

for each sample person are inflated to characterize the subuniverse from which that sample 

person was drawn. The weight for each examined person is a product of the reciprocal of 

the probability of selecting the person, an 

adjustment for nonresponse cases (i.e., persons 

not examined), and a poststratified ratio adjustment which increases precision by making the 

final sample estimates of the population agree 

approximately with independent controls prepared by the U.S. Bureau of the Census for the 

noninstitutionalized population of the United 

States as of November 1, 1972 (approximate 

midsurvey point), by color, sex, and age (table 

II). Population estimates are included in some of 

the tables in greater detail than that used for 

weighting. These population figures, while not 

precise census estimates in this degree of age 

detail, are included to give a rough idea of the 

number in the population at risk. 

A more detailed description of the survey 

design and selection technique can be found in 

Vital and Health Statistics, Series l-No. lOa. 

Nonresponse 

In any health examination survey, after the 

sample is identified and the sample persons are 

requested to participate in the examination, the 

survey meets one of its more severe problems. 

Usually a sizable number of sample persons will 

not participate in the examination. Individual 

participation is determined by many factors, 

some of them uncontrollabIe, and therefore it 

may be treated as a random event with a 

particular probability of occurrence. If this 

probability were known and were greater than 

zero for all persons, then the examined persons 

wouId constitute a probability sample from 

which unbiased estimates of the target population could be derived. In this situation, the 

effect of nonparticipation would only reduce 

the sample size, thereby increasing the sampling 

errors of examination findings. In practice, however, a potential for bias due to nonresponse 

NOTE: A list of references follows the text. 

87 
Table II. Civilian noninstitutionalized population, by age, sex, and race: United States, November 1, 1972 

Age 

Sex and race Total 

1-5 years 6-19 years 2044 years 45-64 years 65-74 years 

Total . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . 193.976.447 17.262.643 55.434.127 66,307,351 42,344,237 _ 12,607.889 

Male ...._............................................. 94,151,059 a,aia,i56 28.014.291 31.757.861 20,090,791 5,469,960 

White 

Other 

... ... .. ... .. . ... . . .. .. .... .. .. . . .. .. . ... ... . ...... . ... . . .. 

races ... .. . .... ... . ...... .. . .... .. . .... . . ...... .. . ... . .. 

82,652)x7 

I i ,498,992 

7,407,500 

lP10.656 

23.911.243 

4.103.048 

26,195,112 

3.562.749 

ia,i9o,i4a 

1’,900,643 

4848,064 

521,696 

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99.825.388 8,464,687 27.419.636 34.549.490 22,253,446 7.137329 

White .. .... .... . .. ..... .... .. .. . ... .... .. .. .... .. ..... . .. .... .. . 86,932,196 7.070.529 23.261.515 30.102.612 20,011 ,I 19 6,486,421 

Other races ... .. .... .. .. .. .. .... .... . . .. ... . .. .... .... . ... . .. . i2,893,192 i ,394.i 58 4,156,321 4,446,878 2,242,327 65 1,508 

SOURCE: Unpublished estimates of September 27, 1974, from the U.S. Bureau of the Census. 

exists because exact probabilities are never 

known. A further potential for bias exists if: 

1. A sizable proportion of sample persons 

have a zero probability of participation; 

that is, if they would never agree to 

participate in an examination survey employing the same procedures and 

inducements. 

2. These persons differ from other sample 

persons with respect to the characteristics under examination. 

For these reasons intensive efforts are made 

in HANES to develop and implement procedures 

and inducements that reduce the number of 

nonrespondents, thereby reducing the potential 

for bias. These procedures and inducements are 

discussed in Vital and Health Statistics, Series 

l-No. 1 Oa.3 

Despite these intensive efforts, 24.8 percent 

of the sample persons from the 65 stands were 

not examined. Consequently, the potential for 

sizable bias does exist in the estimates in this 

publication. However, from what is known 

about the nonrespondents and the nature of 

nonresponse, the likeihood of sizable bias is 

small. For instance, only a small proportion of 

persons gave reasons for nonparticipation which 

would lead to the belief that they would never 

NOTE: A list of references follows the text. 

agree to participate in examination surveys and 

that they differed from examined persons with 

respect to the characteristic under examination. 

Only 15 percent of the nonrespondents gave as 

their reasons for nonparticipation personal illness, physical inability, pregnancy, antidoctor 

sentiment, or fear of finding something wrong. 

Typical among the reasons given by the other 

nonrespondents were: unable because of work, 

school, or household duties; suspicious or skeptical of the program; just not interested in 

participating; and private medical care sufficient 

or just visited doctor. 

As was mentioned earlier, the data in this 

report are based, on weighted observations, and 

one of the components of the weight assigned to 

an examined person was an adjustment for 

nonresponse. Since the probabilities of participation are not known for sample persons in 

HANES, a procedure was adopted which multiplies the reciprocal of the probability of selection of sample persons by a factor which 

brings estimates based on examhied persons only 

up to a level which would have been achieved if 

all sample persons had been examined. This nonresponse adjustment factor is the ratio of the 

sum of sampling weights for all sample persons 

within a relatively homogeneous class defined by 

age, sex, and five income groups (under $3,000, 

$3,000-$6,999, $7,000-$9,999, $lO,OOO­

$14,999, and $15,000 and over) within each 

stand to the sum of sampling weights for all 

responding sample persons within the same 

aa 
homogeneous~ class-for ‘the same stand. To the 

degree that homogeneous groups can be defined 

which are also homogeneous with respect to the 

characteristics under study, the procedure can 

be effective in reducing the potential bias from 

nonresponse. For the 65stand sample of 

HANES, the percent distribution of the nonresponse adjustment factors used for the 325 income group-stand cells is shown in table III. 

Missing Data 

Examination surveys lose information not 

only through the failure to examine all sample 

persons, but also through the failure to obtain 

and record all items of information for examined persons. 

Out of 20,514 black and white examinees 

ages l-74 years, 402 (2.0 percent) had unsatisfactory dietary frequency records. In addition, 

there were a small number of cases for which the 

number of times a subject ate a particular food 

was recorded as unknown. The number of such 

items by food group is shown in table IV. No 

imputations were made for missing data. 

Standard Errors . 

The probability design of the survey makes 

possible the estimation of standard errors corresponding to the weighted estimates presented. 

The standard error is primarily a measure of 

sampling variability, that is, the variations that 

might occur by chance because only a sample of 

the population is surveyed. As calculated for this 

Table III. Number and percent distribution of cells by size of 

nonresponse adjustment factors: HANES, stands 1.65,1971-74 

1 Num- 1 Percent Size of factor distribution 

Total .. ... . .. .... .. .. .... . ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . ... . . .. .. 1 325 1 160.0 

1.00-1.24 ...................................................... 106 32.6 

1.25-I .49.. .................................................... I 125 I 38.4 

report, the standard error also reflects part of 

the variation which arises in the measurement 

process. It does not include estimates of any 

biases which might lie in the data. The chances 

are about 68 out of 100 that an estimate from 

the sample would differ from a complete census 

by less than the standard error. The chances are 

about 95 out of 100 that the difference would 

be less than twice the standard error and about 

99 out 100 that it would be less than 2% times 

as large. 

Estimates of standard errors are obtained 

from the sample data and are themselves subject 

to sampling error when the number of cases in a 

cell is small, or even occasionally when the number of cases is substantial. 

Estimates of the standard errors for the percentages of the frequency of intake of selected 

foods are shown in tables V through XVIII. 

Standards of Reliability 

and Precision 

When percentages are reported, there is only 

one criterion used, which is that the number of 

people from which the percentage is calculated 

was at least 10. All statistics met the standards. 

Table IV. Number of subjects with satisfactory completion codes 

but missing food items: HANES, stands l-65, 1971-74 

Food group Number 

I 

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Whole milk ............................ 

Skim milk ............................. 

Meat and poultry ........................ 

Fish and shellfish ........................ 

Eggs ................................. 

Cheese ............................... 

Legumes, seeds, and nuts ................... 

Fruits and vegetables, all kinds ................ 

Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin A ........ 

Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin C ......... 

Bread ................................ 

Cereals ................................ 

Fats and oils ............................ 

Desserts ............................... 

Candy ................................ 

Sweetened beverages1 ..................... 

Artificially sweetened beverages1 .............. 

Coffee and tea .......................... 

Salty snacks ............................ 

22 

15 

43 

IO 

15 

35 

29 

75 

73 

91 

27 

15 

36 

32 

36 

27 

11 

25 

29 

‘Does not include alcoholic beverages. 

89 

411 
-- 

Table V. Standard errors forthepercentages of frequency of intake of selected food groups for white persons aged 1-74 years, by income level: United States, 1971-74 -

T Frequency of intake 

Income level and food group 4 times 3 times 2 times l-6 3eldom 

or more a day a day a 

once. a day times or day a week never 

Income below poverty level 

Eggs-------------___---.-__-__-------------------------------------------- h==*=--------------------------------------------------------------------

E

qg,,,,es, seeds, a,,d n~ts-------------------------------------------------­

ruits and vegetables, all kinds------------------------------------------ Fruits and ;eg&bl& rich i,, vitamin A---------------------------------

Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin C----------T---------------------- Bread---------------------------------------------------------------------

Cere*l*-------------------------------------------------------------------

Fats and oils-------------------------------------------------------------

prts------------- -----------_----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------.----------------------------- Sweetened beverages'--------------1---------------------------------------- Artificially sweetened beverages 1 - - - - - - - - - - _ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - _- Coffee and tea------------------------------------------------------------ Salty snacks-------------------------------------------------.------------

Income above poverty level 

m,,le milk----------------------------------------------------------------

Skim mllk-----------------------------------------------------------------

Meat a,,d ~~~lrr~----------------------------------------------------------

Fish and $hellfish--------------------------------------------------------

sggs-----------.----------------------------------------------------------

Ch=ese--------------------------------------------------------------------

Leg,,,,,=*, seeds, and n"ts--------------------------------------------------

Fruits 

Fruits and vegetables, all kinds------------------------------------------

and vegetables rich in vitamin A---------------------------------

Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin C--------------------------------- Bread-----------------------------------------------------------------~---

Cere*l*-------------------------------------------------------------------

Fats and oils-------------------------------------------------------------

De**ert*------------------------------------------------------------------

Candy---------------------------------------------------------------------

Sweetened beverages'------------------------------------------------------

Coffee sweetened bevereges &tificially l-_-----__-__-_--_-_---~-----------------­ and tea------------------------------------------------------------

Salty snecks--------------------------------------------------------------

'Does not include alcoholic beverages. 

‘90 

1.10

Ei

0:04 % 

0:01 

0.0s t:; 2.55 0:59

0.6i 2.83 

E

0.0; 0:15 1.85 

2.49 

tY:i :*:i

0.16 1149 2:2a

0.16 0.38 2.30

0.11 0.16

0.52 0.60 

;::i 0:10 E 

0.42 0.40

0.17 0.17 "0% E "0~~:

0.29 1:23 0:76 0:08 0:03 E 0.18 0.96 0.98 0.0; 0.79

0.15 

E+'6:

Et 0:51

0:07 1.61 

0.45 0.73 

E1

E 23" 0:62

0:84 1:06 0.48

0.52

0.20 L%

0.38 0:65 

% 2:: 

0:13 0.52 0.76 0:68 
Table VI. Standard errors forthepercentages of frequency of intakeofselected food groups for black persons aged 1-74 years, by income level: United States, -

1971-74 

T Frequency of intake 

Income level and food group i 

a 

times 1 times 2 times once times 

l-6 Seldom day or >r more a day a day s ddy P week never 

Income below poverty level 

Whole milk----------------------------------------------------------------

Skim milk--- _______--_--_______-____________________--------------------- Meat and poultry----------------------------------------------------------

Fish and shellfish--------------------------------------------------------

Eggs----------------------------------------------------------------------

Cheese--------------------------------------------------------------------

Legumes, se&s, and n"ts--------------------------------------------------

Fruits 

Fruits and vegetables, all kinds--------------------------------------

and vegetables rich in vitamin A---------------------------------

Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin C--------------------------------- Bread---------------------------------------------------------------------

Cere*ls-------------------------------------------------------------------

Fats and oils-------------------------------------------------------------

oesserts------------------------------------------------------------------

Candy---------------------------------------------------------------------

Sweetened beverages'------------------------------------------------------ Artificially sweetened beverages 1-----__-__-------,-_______,_,,,_,______-- C&fee and teB------------------------------------------------------------

Salty snacks--------------------------------------------------------------

Income above poverty level 

Whole milk----------------------------------------------------------------

Skj,,, milk----------------------------------------------------------------- Meat and po"ltry----------------------------------------------------------

Fish and shellflsh--------------------------------------------------------

Eggs----------------------------------------------------------------------

Cheese--------------------------------------------------------------------

Legumes, se,+, and n"ts--------------------------------------------------

Fruits and vq+a,,les, all kinds------------------------------------------

Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin A---------------------------------

Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin C--------------------------------- Bread---------------------------------------------------------------------

Cere*ls-------------------------------------------------------------------

Fats and oFls-------------------------------------------------------------

Desserts------------------------------------------------------------------

Candy---------------------------------------------------------------------

Sweetened bevereges'------------------------------------------------------

ArtifFcially sweetened beverages I----,,_______-_--,,__________,,,_,_,___-- Coffee and tea------------------------------------------------------------

Salty snacks--------------------------------------------------------------

'Does not include alcoholic beverages. 

0.36 1.49

0.19 z 1.65 

0.4; 2.20 2:06 :% 

2146

0.0; 0.20 2.66

0.21 0.16 2.11

0.28 1.99 z: 0.70 2.18 0:71

f%

0.10 2: 2:53 :z 1148 0:21 E :*;: 1.76

0:39 2137 2.71

2.25 E

0:51 

;.;g 

1.05 1.16 1.99 EY 0.31 0.32 :-:: 0:36 2:: 2.11 1.76 1:83 - 0.08 0.28

0.0; 0.04 0.21 1.81

0.02 0.23

0.01 0.20 2:: Est

0.81 1.52 1162 2128

0.01 0.10 0.23 1.81

0.28 1.95 P:t 1.96 $2"; 2.03 1.27

0:23 2.27

0.22 1.55 E

0.54 2.04 1142

0.85 0.89

0.6;

0.05 ::;% E 

91 
-- 

--- 

--- 

Table VII. Standard errors for the percentages of frequency of intake of I38: 

race: United States, 1971-: 74 

-

T 

Race and food Sroup 

m,,le milk----------------------------------------------------------------

skim milk-----------------------------------------------------------------

Mat and poultry --_-____-___________------------------------------------

Fi&, and shellfish ___-_-_________-_-______________________----------- -_-mm 

Eggs- ___-_ _- _- __- _- ____m ______- _-__- _-_- -_-____-_-__-_-_-___-----------

Cheese ---_-__-____________------------------------------------ 6 _-_----m--

Leg-es, seeds, and nuts--------------------------------------------------

Fruits and vegetables, all kinds------------------------------------------

Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin A---------------------------------

Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin C---------------------------------

Coffee a,,d tes------------------------------------------------------------ salty snacks ____________________------------------------------------------

"hole milk----------------------------------------------------------------

ski,,, milk-----------------------------------------------------------------

&at and poultry --_____-__________________ - ____-_______________-------- Fish and shellfish --__-_-____-________---------- - ____m___--_-_--m-w -_---mm Eggs----------------------------------------------------------------------

Cheese-------------------------------------------------------------------* 

Leg,~,,,es, seeds, a,,d ,,"tS -___________________________r___________---- -_--mm 

Fruits and vegetables, all kinds--------------9---------------------------

Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin A---------------------------------

Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin C--------------------------------­

'Does not include alcoholic beverages. 

92 

Lected food groups for males aged l-5 years, by 

Frequency of intake 

i times 5 times ! timea once a day ,I more a day a day I B day 

1.48 1.75 1.02 

0.24 

i::: 22 

0.1; ;A; 

;.a 1:92 

;:g 0.6;

1.54 

0:x 

E 

E oh2 

;:gz E 

E1 1:22 

p; 0:03 0.28 

0.30 0.56 , - 0.15 1.08 

2.71 5.15 

E %! 

Oil3 

0.1; 

1.9; 2.7;

0.11 

0.97 

1.1; 4.15 

0.39 E 

0:46 1% 

;.g 2.29 

1.45 

3:22 

3.75 

0.1;

0.20 

0.20 

0.10 

0.20 

1.26 

2:;

3162 

l-6 

times 

I week 

0.91 0.83 

0.53 

1.27 

2.72 1.52 

0.84 1.56 

4.31 

"54 

2:28 

i:;: 

5.13 5.2: 

4.88 

2.52 z: 

1:59 

0.28 

3.38 4'.08 

3.47 1.64 
--- 

Table VIII. Standard errors for the percentages of frequency of intake of selected food groups for females aged l-5 years,Ty race: United States, 1971-74 

Frequency of intake 

Race and food group i times 3 times ! times once a day x more a day a day I day 

White 

Whole milk----------------------------------------------------------------

Skim milk----------------------------------------------------------------- Meat and po"ltry----------------------------------------------------------

Fish and shellfish--------------------------------------------------------

Eggs----------------------------------------------------------------------

Cheese-------------------------------------------------------------------­

~txg,,,,,es, seeds, a,-,d n"ts--------------------------------------------------

Fruits and weetables. all kinds------------------------------------------ Fruits and &getabl& rich in vitamin A---------------------------------

Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin C---------------------------------

B=ead---------------------------------------------------------------------

Cereal* --__-_-__- _-____-__-_-_-__-___-------------------------------------

Fats and oils-------------------------------------------------------------

Desserts------------------------------------------------------------------

Csndy--------------------------------------------------------------------­

$,weetened beverages I____ 2 ________________________________________------

Artificially sweetened beveragesl-----------------------------------------

Coffee a,,d tea------------------------------------------------------------

salty snacks--------------------------------------------------------------

Black 

$,,-,,,I= milk----------------------------------------------------------------

Skim milk-----------------------------------------------------------------

)feat and po"ltry----------------------------------------------------------

Fish and shellfish--------------------------------------------------------

Eggs----------------------------------------------------------------------

Cheese--------------------------------------------------------------------

Legumes, seeds, and n"ts--------------------------------------------------

Fruits and vegetables, all kinds------------------------------------ ----__ 

Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin A---------------------------------

Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin C--------------------------------- Bread---------------------------------------------------------------------

cerea1*-------------------------------------------------------------------

Fats and oils----------------------------------------------------- ---_-_-_ De*sert*------------------------------------------------------------------

Candy---------------------------------------------------------------------

Sw,..tened be"eragesl------------------------------------------------------

sweetened beverages 1__-__--_-____-_----_----------------_------

Coffee Artificially and teB--------------------------------------------------- -----_--- Salty snscks--------------------------------------------------------------

'noes not include alcoholic beverages. 

1.80 1.84 1.65

0.33 0.48 E

0.15 8% 2.33 2:04 

0.03 0.36 

0.06 0.0; 0.02 2.33 

0.16 0.57 1.81

0.25 0.45 0.34

1.08 1.68 2.01 :-2 

0.03 p; ;.g 0.89 

1:73 

0:11 8% 2.07 ;:g; 1.77 

t::: 2.08

0:12 0:60 1.76

0.55 0.78 1.31 1.97

0.02

0.22 EZ 0.25 0.60 

0:31 k?G ::i; 

1.97 

E :% 0.21

0:72 2199 3.46

0.15 

0.13 3.69

2.72 

3.44

1.58 2.66 4.63

0.16 :-ii 

;.$ 1.0; 1.31 4:OB 

2.91 3.55 4.81 

0.96 3.76

0.20 $9

0.14 :% ";-:: 0:45 0:96 3172 

EG 0.68 1.18 

22':

0.68 3:07

4.31 

l-6 Seldom 

times 01 s week never 

1.16 

0.43

1.56 

1.94

2.51 

f-Z 

1:07 

:-2:

0:85 

:%

1:70 

E 

0:Sl 

1.74 

1.69 

"0-Z xi 

2197 0:24

4.06 4.07 

3.52 

4.79 E

2:61 

1.92 

:-:i

3138 :z 5.33 3:25 

4.19 

1.11 2-E 

5173 

2::: 1.78 

93 
----- 

Table IX. Standard err,ors for the percentages of frequency of intake of selected food groups for males aged 6-11 years, by race: United States, 1971-74-

T Frequency of intake 

Race and food group 4 times 1-6 Seldom a day once times or or more a day a week "e"e?Z 

white -

Whole 

ski,,, milk----------------------------------------------------------------- 1.37 &at and ~~~ltr~---------------------------------------------------------- 0:3&l K 0.33 Fish and shellfish-------------------------------------------------------- 2.52 Eggs----------------------------------------------------------------------

milk---------------------------------------------------------------- Z$ 2.17 1.00 

Cheese-------------------------------------------------------------------- 0.06 2.72 25": 

Legumes, Bee&, and nuts-------------------------------------------------- 0.22 pj 2.16 1148 

Fruits and vegetables, all kinds------------------------------------------ 0.96 

Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin A--------------------------------- 0:2&I % 

Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin C--------------------------------- ;.;j 0.39 1:66 Bread--------------------------------------------------------------------- I.78 0.13 Cere*ls-------------------------------------------------------------------- 1.11 Fats and oils------------------------------------------------------------- 0.2; i% 2.38 2.30 2.22 1.04 Desserts------------------------------------------------------------------ 0.26 p; 0.59 Cs"dy--------------------------------------------------------------------- 0.34 E; 1.82 Sweetened be"eragesl------------------------------------------------------ 0.52 0:74 1:3c! 1.73 sweetened beverages l-_-__-___-----_____----------------------

Coffee Artificially and teQ------------------------------------------------------------ 0.4; 0.20 f% :*:i Salty s**=ks-------------------------------------------------------------- 0.18 0:7a 1.62 1:39 

Black

-

whole milk---------------------------------------------------------------- 1.55 3.09 2.24 skim milk----------------------------------------------------------------- :*;4 :*i: 2.17 &at and poult=y---------------------------------------------------------- 0.24 ::50: 3:a 2164 0.57 Fish and shellfish---- ----_----_----_-_-__-------------------------------- 1.68 Eggs---------------------------------------------------------------------- 0.2; 2% Cheese-------------------------------------------------------------------- 1.02 1% 3176 Legmes, seeds, and "lltS---------.---------------------------------------- 5141 5.48 

Fruits and vegetables, *ll kFnds------------------------------------------ 1.3; 2.90 

Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin A--------------------------------- 4% 4.81 

Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin C--------------------------------- ,0.1; 3:96 

2.52 Ei 

x 4:03 

% 4:15 

6.24 % 

0.40 1.35 4157 2.94 

0.30 2.18 z3' 2.55 

0:33 Coffee and tea - _-__---_-__-_ - __-___-__-_-____-_-_--- - -_____-_-----___ 0.86 2.18 :-;; Salty s**cks-------------------------------------------------------------- 1.30 1.96 4.65 2:93 

'Does not include alcoholic beverages. 

94 
-- -- -- -- 

------ 

Table X. Standard errors for the perce"taSes of frequency of intake of selected food groups for females aged 6-11 years, by race: United States, 1971-74 

Frequency of intake 

Race and food group 3 times ! tiEtell once times 

l-6 Seldom or a day a day a day a week never 

white 

",,ole milk ---_______________-_------------------------------------- -e-e--- 1.58 2.17 1.96 2.06 1.47 0.82 Skim milk----------------------------------------------------------------- 0.17 1.74 0.69 1.10 Meat and poultry---------------------------------------------------------- 0.19 0.51 2.62 ix F?ii 0.05 Fish and shellfish-------------------------------------------------------- 0.19 0:41 2146 

Epgs---------------------------------------------------------------------- 1.13 Cheese _____-___--_-_______----------------------------------------------- - 0.2; 0.16 1.00 :-'8: 

Legumes, seeds, and nuts --_-_ - ____-_-__-_-_--_-___-------------------- -m-m 1.0; 1.84 2.06 :-:: 0.08 0.42 2141

Fruitzj and vegetables, all kinds------------------------------------------

Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin A--------------------------------- 1:21 2.75 

Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin C--------------------------------- 0.19 0.28 i-z 2.60 1.50 

0.61 1.74 2145 0.26 

0.05 0.03 ;-::: 1.31 

0.33 1.84 Ef 1:77

0.23 1:82 2.72

0.30 Ei 1.06 1.59 

0.64 0:77 

;-:: 0.1; 0.1; p; 3.36 

0.05 1.29 

Black 

“,,ole milk-------------------------------------------------------- -_____-_ 0.92 3.90 3.49 3.87 0.47 Skim milk----------------------------------------------------------------- :-2 0.69 1.52 1.81 Meat and poultry---------------------------------------------------------- 0:54 4.30 4.68 Fish and shellfiah-------------------------------------------------------- 0.43 

Eggs __ __ __ __ ___ _-- __ __ - -_ _ -_ _- _- - _--- _ _- _- __- - - _-- _-_ _- --_----_-mm 0.23 

1.63 ;.a 3.51 Cheese-------------------------------------------------------------------- 2.06 

legumes, seeds, and nLlts-------------------------------------------------- 0:15 2.72 

Fruits and vegetables, all kinds-------------------------------------- 2.1; 2.7; Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin A--------------------------------- zx Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin C---------------------------------

1.84 g.;i 2:11 Bread---------------------------------------------------------------------

Cere*l*------------------------------------------------------------------- 2; Fata and oils------------------------------------------------------------- 2.66 4143 3.47 Desserts------------------------------------------------------------------ 0.46 3.08 Candy--------------------------------------------------------------------- 2.16 i-2; Sqqeeten& be"eragesl------------------------------------------------------ 2.62 ZX 5:02 

Artificially sweetened beverages 1------------_---------------------- Coffee and teB------------------------------------------------------------ 0.26 1.6; P-Z

salty ***=ks-------------------------------------------------------------- 1.74 3182 

'Does not include alcoholic beverages. 

95 
- - - - - - 

------- 

1.97 

5.18 

2.57 

3.81 

Table XI. Standard errora for the percentages of frequency of intake of selected food groups for males aged 12-17 years, by race: United States, 1971-74 

/ 

Frequency of intake 

Race and food group I times l-6 a day : times times x more a day a week 

.-white 

1.56 1.73 1.52 1.22 0.73 E 0.43 0.61 )feat and poultry-m_______________- ___________-__---___-------------- _-_-- - 0:14 ii::; 2.51 2.00 x Fish and shellfish--------------------------------------------,------------ 2.26 2:21 Eggs ___-___- _- __- _-__- _- _--- -____-_-__-_________------------------------- - 0.23 0.1; 0.0; 1.69 1.62 Cheese ____________________------------------------ - _-_-__-____-_-_------- - 0.16 0.30 

legumes, seeds, a,,d nUtB-------------------------------------------------- :*;; Fruits a,,d vegetables, all kinds------------------------------------------ 0.9; 2% % 1:30 

Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin A--------------------------------- 0:15 2.56 

Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin C--------------------------------- 0.2; 0.45 0.98 E

Breed -_______c___________---------------------------------------- -; ___a__-- 0.94 t2: 1:95 0.25

Cereals------------------------------------------------------------------- A*:: 1.92 Fats and oils------------------------------------------------------------- 0.8; 1:52 2:21 E

Desserts --_---____----------- ____________________------------------------- 1.23 2:39 Ei Candy------------------------------ - _- - - - - - - - - _- _- - - - _- - - - _- _- - - - - - _ E ~-Z~ ?I: 1.55 1.94 1:33 

Sweetened beverages l~~~~~~~~~~_~~~~~~_~~-~--~----------~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 0:46 ;:g 0:23 0.33 

2.31 0.92 Artificially sweetened beveragesl----------------------------------------- 0.26 Coffee and t=a---------------------------------------------------- -__-_-_- 0.18 0:57 0.83 1.66 t.z :*i; Salty snacks-- ___-________-__-__-_----- _________________-__--------------- 0.19 0.04 0.57 1.83 2:20 1:75 

Black 

Ole milk--------------------------------------------------------- 3.20 

Pkim milk ____________________--------------------------------------------- 2.18 1.72 t*;; 0.20 2.74 :-:i

Meat and poultry---------------------------------------------------------- 1.54 Xi 4122 4.81 4.86 0:51

Fi& and shellfish-------------------------------------------------------- 4.05 4.03

Eggs----------------------------------- ___________-__-_--__--------------- 0.16 :*:t 3.19 Cheese---------------------- _____________r______-------------------------- 0.59 0:95 

J;egumes, seeds, a,,d nut9-------------------------------------------------- 0.18 1-G

Fruits and vegetables, all kinds------------------------------------------ 1.6; 2.94 1:33 

Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin A--------------------------------- "0% 2.45

Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin C--------------------------------- 0.2; 1:72 3.26 4.72 EZ

gread------------------------------------------------------------------~-- ;A; 4.89 :*:4 3.69 2.51 0:28

Cereals---------------------------------------------------------- -_--mm--- 3.28 

Fats and oils---------------------------- __________----_--___------------- 1:58 y; 3:83 E 3.76

~essert*--------------------------------------------------------- m--_--v-- 1.80 5158 1.99 ha,,dy _________________________________________________- _____________------ 0.86 2:.21 xl"

&e&en& beveraeesl------------------------------------------------------ 1.79 2.19 3:90 2% 32 

&rtificially sweetened beverages' _-__________________--------------------- 1:11 1:14

Coffee and te*------------------------------------------------------------ 0.2; 4.45 4.66 

0.29 4.68 5.81 1.71 

'Does not include alcoholic beverages. 

96 
Table XII. Standard errors for the percentages of frequency of intake of selected food groups for females aged 12-17 years, by race: United States 1971-74 

Frequency of intake 

Face and food group 

Legumes, seeds, a,,d nuts--------------------------------------------------

Fruit8 and veget&,les. all kinds-------l----------------------------------

Fruits and &getabl& rich in vitamin A--;------------------------------ Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin C--_____--___-__-____------------- Bresd---------------------------------------------------------------------

cerea1s---------------------------------------------------------- -------mm pats and oils-------------------------------------------------------------

Desserts ____________________---------------------------------------------- Candy---------------------------------------------------------------------

Sweetened be"erages'------------------------------------------------------

Artificially sweetened beverages 1------------------,-------,--------------- Coffee and tes------------------------------------------------------------

Salty snacks-------------------------------------------~------------------

Black 

gggs----------------------------------------------------------------------

Cheese------------------------------------------------------------- -m-_-mLegumes, seeds, a,,d nut8--------------------------------------------------

Fruits

muits a,,d vegetables, all kinds-----------------------------------------­

a,,d vegetables rich in vitamin A---------------------------------

Fruita and vegetables rich in vitamin C--------------------------------- Bread---------------------------------------------------------------------

cersa1s-------------------------------------------------------------------

Fats and oils-------------------------------------------------------------

Desrerts------------------------------------------------------------------

Candy---------------------------------------------------------------------

Sweetened b="erages'------------------------------------------------------ Artificially sweetened beverages l__-__-,-__-_----________-_,_______--,__~- Coffee and teB------------------------------------------------------------

Salty snacksr-------------------------------------------------------------

'DOW not include alcoholic beverages. 

l-6 ! times once times a day a day a week 

1.99 1.46 1.35

1.01 

P% k-i4

f-:3 2:23 2:27

1124 2.10 0.06 1.59 

2.20 

2.12

0.99 :*z 

1.0; 1:31 t-Xi

9-E 2175

2:06 Z-18 

0.7; 1:19 i-4:

:-5'i 2.24 2:14 

0.56 2138 

2.05 :-:: 8% 1.82 2:13

0:56 

Ei. :%!

i-t: i-64 1199

0:11 1.40 1.90 

1.85 3.02

0.78

o.li 5.84 

0.1s 

1.5; 4.21

0.25 

5% z 5137

0:25 

!?z 4.12

0:77 0.98 

2.75

0.41

0.29 xl8. 

97 
------- 

Table XIII. Standard ernxs for the percentages of frequency of intake of selected food groups for males aged 18-44 years,

by race: United States, 1971-74 -

1 Frequency of intake 

Race and food group i times I times ! times once times 

l-6 a day 31 more a day a day P day I week 

Whole milk----------------------------------------------------------------

Ski,,, milk-----------------------------------------------------------------

heat and poultry----------------------------------------------------------

Fish and shellfish--------------------------------------------------------

Egg*----------------------------------------------------------------------

Cheese--------------------------------------------------------------------

Legumes, seeds, and nUt*--------------------------------------------------

F,.uita a,,d vegetables, all kinds------------------------------------------

Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin A---------------------------------

Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin C---------------------------------

Bread----------------------- -____-.-______-_--_--------------------------- Cereals------------------------------------------------------------

Fats and ~ila-------~-----------------------------------~----------------­

'D=sserts------------------------------------------------------------------

Ca"d"--------------------------------------------------------------------­ -----2

Sweetened be"erages'------------------------------------------------------

Artificially sweetened be"eraaes'-----------------------------------------

Coffee and tea------------------------------------------------------------

'salty s*acks--------------------*----------------------------------------­

se&a, a,,d n"ts--------------------------------------------------

Frdte

Legumes,a,,d vegetables, ~11 kinds------------------------------------------

Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin A---------------------------------

Fruits and "q&&lea &A, i,, via,&, C--------------------------------­

g=ead---------------------------------------------------------------------

C=reals-------------------------------------------------------------------

Fats and oils-------------------------------------------------------------

Deaaerts------------------------------------------------------------------

Candy----------------------------------------------*----------------------

Sweetened be"erages'------------------------------------------------------

Artificially sweetened be"erages'-----------------------------------------

Coffee and tea------------------------------------------------------------

Salty snacks--------------------------------------------------------------

'Does not include alcoholic beverages. 

98 

0.61 

0.15 Ei 1.33 0.31 

1.11 

0.55 E 1.17 

0.12 0:77 1.95 0:93 :-ii '0% 1.71 1:78 0.0s i-H:: 1:47 1.72 0.92 0.03 0.10 0:aa 1.02 1.19 

0.23 1.04 

0.6: :% 1.62 1.38 

0:03 0.15 

0.1; 0.82 

0.31 x 1.35 

0:06 0.11 

0.22 1.26 

0.16 E 0.61 0.10 oh0 

Ei 

0.55 

0.16 

E?;:

0:16 0.76 

1:54 1.13 0.96 

0.06 it% 0.29 1.57 

0.90 2.21 2.43 2.76 

0.89 0.33 

0.6; E 4.38 3.85 

0.2; 3.6; 

1.99 

E; 2.81 

1.5; 2.0; 2172 Ei - 3:27 

0.5; 1.03 2.97 

2.29 3.90 3.43 

0.12 

0.9; 2.20 2.69 

1.34 

0.30 E 1.67 3.77 

2.01 2:10 4.11 1.65 

0.12 2.54 

1.40 2.32 4.42 

0.38 3.81 
Table XIV. Standard errors for the percentages of frequency of intake of selected 

by race: United States, 1971-74 

T 

food groups for females aged 18-44 years, 

Race and food group 

white 

Whole milk----------------------------------------------------------------

Skia m~lk-----------------------------------------------------------------

Meat and poultry----------------------------------------------------------

Fish and shellflsh--------------------------------------------------------

Eggs----------------------------------------------------------------------

Cheese-------------------------------------------------------------------­

,,egmes, seeds, and n"ts--------------------------------------------------

Fruits and vegetables, all kinds------------------------------------------

Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin A---------------------------------

Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin C--------------------------------- Bread---------------------------------------------------------------------

Cereal*-------------------------------------------------------------------

Fats and oils-------------------------------------------------------------

Desserts------------------------------------------------------------------

Candy---------------------------------------------------------------------

sweetened beverages'------------------------------------------------------ Artificially sweetened beveragesl----------------------------------------- Coffee and teB------------------------------------------------------------

Salty snacks--------------------------------------------------------------

Black 

Fruits and vegetables rich in vitatin A---------------------------------

Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin C--------------------------------­

'Does not include alcoholic beverages. 

, times 

a day m more 

"0% 

Oh6 

0.0; 

Ef 

0:41

.0.03 

8-E

0:02 

8% 

0:07 

8-Z

0:78

0.06 

0.58 

0.1; 

0.0s

0.04 

0.92 

c$g 

cpj 

0:41 

.0.58 

1.04 

Frequency of intake 

i times 1 times Once a day a day 1 day 

0.60 

0.95

0.16 

0.0; 

x3 

0:94 

0.44

1.12

0.72 

0.76

1.50

0.89 

0.0s 

0.5; 

2::

0:4a 

3;:

1:63 

l-6 Seldom 

times Or 

L week never 

:*:;

0:73

1.60 

li-:5'

1:02 

0.69

1.15 

99 . 
-------- 

- - - - 

Table&V. Standard errors for the percentages of frequency of intake of selected food groups for males aged 45-64 years, by race: United States, 1971-74 

Frequency of intake 

l-6 Race and food group 

a 

times 3 times ! times once times 

ieldom 

day or ,r nwre a day a day , day L week never 

Whole 

Skim milk----------------------------------------------------------------- 0.21 0.50 1.08 :-c )fe*t **d poultry---------------------------------------------------------- 0.17 % 2.14 E 1.51 0146 Fish **d shellfishL-------------------------------------------------------

Eggs ________________________________________---------------------- 0.16 : 0.0s 

0:47 

1.66 

2.13 

1.73 

2.32 

1.39 Cheese--------------------------------------------------------------------

Legumes, seeds, and nllts-------------------------------------------

Fruits Fruits and vegetables, all kinds------------------------------------------and vegetables rich in vitamin A---------------------------------

------_ 0.16 

0.6; 

0.06 

1.49 

0.29 

E: 

0:22 

1.12 1.75 

Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin I?--------------------------------- 0.20 0.2;

1.64 

1.03 

milk---------------------------------------------------------------- 0.48 0.81 1.15 1.92 1.68 

E 

p; I/; 

0:13 ;:g 0.29 

0.11 0:22 

1.49 1.18 

Whole milk---------------------------------------------------------------- 0.25 3.64 Ski,,, milk----------------------------------------------------------------- z: 2*5': 

Meat and poultry----------- ____________________--------------------------- 1:10 z% 0:15 Fish and shellfish-------------------------------------------------------- 1:33 

gggs---------------------------------------------------------------------- z: Cheese------------------------------------------------------------ - _ - _ i*E 5:61 

Legumes, seeds, and n"ts-------------------------------------------------- 0.26 2:33 4.41

Bruits and vegetables, all kinds------------------------------------------ 1.96 4.06 5.17 

Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin A--------------------------------- 3.78 Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin C--------------------------------- 2.,10 ;.;i Bread--------------------------------------------------------------------- 1.87 Cere*ls-------------------------------------------------------------------

Fats and oils---------------------------------------~---------------------

Desserts--------------.---------------------------------------------------

Candy------------------------,--------------------------------------------

Sweetened beverages'------------------------------------------------------ rtificially sweetened beveragesl----------------------------------------­ ,,ffee and tea------------------------------------------------------------

Salty snacks------------------------------------------------------------~­

'Does not include alcoholic beverages. 

100 

0:30 

1.87 

0.18 

0.30 

0.25 2.00 

1.16 1.68 
Table XVI. Standard errors for the percentages of frequency of intake of selected food groups for females aged 45-64 years, by race: United States, 1971-74 -

T Frequency of intake 

l-6 Race and food group i 

a 

times 3 times 2 times once times jeldan day or ,r more a day a day a day a week never 

skim milk------------- ---______---_-__________________________-----------

Meat and po"ltry----------------------------------------------------------

Fish and shellflsh--------------------------------------------------------

gggs----------------------------------------------------------------------

Cheese--------------------------------------------------------------------

Legumes, seeds, and nllt9--------------------------------------------------

F,--its and "eget&,les, all kinds------------------------------------------

Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin A--------------------------------- F,--ita a,,d vegetables r-c,-, in vitamin C---------------------------------

Bread---------------------------------------------------------------------

Cere*ls-------------------------------------------------------------------

Fata and oils-------------------------------------------------------------

Dess==ta------------------------------;-----------------------------------

Csnd"--------------------------------------------------------------------­

.q&&,ed beverages'------------------------------------------------------

Artificially sweete,,ed beversges'-----------------------------------------

Coffee and te*-----------------------------------------------------------­

salty snacks--------------------------------------------------------------

Skim milk----------------------------------------------------------------- Me*t *nd poultry---------------------------------------------------------- Fish a,-,dshellfish--------------------------------------------------------

gggs---------------------------------------------------------------------- oheese---------------------------------------.---------------------------- Legumes,seeds, and n”ts-------------------------------------------------­ -“its and vegetables, all kinds------------------------------------------

Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin A--------------------------------- Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin C------------------:--------------

Bre*d---------------------------------------------------------------------

Cere*ls-------------------------------------------------------------------

Fats and o*ls-------------------------------------------------------------

Desserts-------------- ----____________________________________------------

Candv---------------------------------------.----------------------------­

s+,e&,ed be"eragesl------------------------------------------------------

Artificially sweetened beveragesl----------------------------------------­

“&fee and te=-----------------------------------------------------------­

salty snacks--------------------------------------------------------------

'Does not include alcoholic beverages. 

0.3; 

EP 

0:16 

:-hi

2:20 

E! 

2:07 

0.10 

;.;j 0.1;1.79 

1.88 

p; yp E

1:62

1.38 1.62 0.21 0.30

0.10 :-:i

0.25 8% 1189

0.28 0:22 1.43

1.19

0.02 kE X5' 

0.58 3.86

E: 1.07 3 ?%

0:23 4.21 6:33 0:62

0.22 6.22 6.20

4.14 4.08

0.2; 3.31 x 1.85 5:31 i-t: 1.10 4.64 3.08 0:26

% 3.71 0.80 0.5; 3192 EI 2.9 0.66 3.62 3:67

E 50'1:

0.60 0.8; 5:02 4142 

1.4; 2*E

0.7; 0.34 3:78

2.91 2.8; 3.56 

2% 

101 
Table XVII. Standard errors for the percentages of frequency of intake of selected food groups for males aged 65-74 years, by race: United States, 1971-74 

Frequency of intake 

Race and food group I times l-6 a day 1 times l times once times 

,r more a day a day i day a week 

0.22 0.73 1.81 1.47

0.29 2.03 ii*;! 0.96 0.90 :2: 0.02 0.31 1:91 2.19 0:52

0.13 2.25 2.14 0.20 0.0; 0.14 2.22

0.10 0.36 1.64

0.15 0.18 1.35

i%its &d ve&tebles, all kinds------------------------------------------ 0.54 1.61 1.62 1.26

Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin A--------------------------------- 0.11 i?ff; 0.94 2.18 Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin C--------------------------------- 0:85 1.27 Bread--------------------------------------------------------------------- cp: E 1.77 :*:: cere*1s------------------------------------------------------------------- p; 0:01 0.23 E 1:63 1.60 Fats and oils--------------------.----------------------------------------- 1.86 1:m 0.96 1.35 De89erts------------------------------------------------------------------ 0:13 0.38 :*1"2" 1.35 

Candy-----------------------------------.--------------------------------- 0.12 0.24 $'6; :-:2 2.06 Sweetened beverages'------------------------------------------------------ 0.29 1:06 1.41 

Artificially sweetened be"erages'---------------------------------------~- 0.10 2:: 0:21 0.43 Coffee and teQ------------------------------------------------------------ $6 E 

Salty snacks----------------------------------------.---------------------- E: E k:Z 1.57 1:54 

Whole milk---------------------------------------------------------------- 1.02 1.22 1.76 2.45 4.03 3.20 Ski,,, mLlk----------------------------------------------------------------- 0.17 2.71 2.53 3.61 3.82 "eat and poultry---------------------------------------------------------- 0.20 1.83 3.18 4.19 3.95 0.28 Fish e,-,d shellfish-------------------------------------------------------- - 0.74 Egg*---------------------------------------------------------------------- 0.1; 4.47 '3% :*:: Cheese--------------------------------------------------------------------

Legumes, seeds, end n"ts-------------------------------------------------- ;.:i 0.76 

4:21 4:31 

Fruits 

Fruits and vegetables, all kinds------------------------------------------ 3.36 4.01

and vegetables rich in vitamin A--------------------------------- 0:21 1.21 Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin C--------------------------------- 0.52 0.60 1.38 Bread--------------------------------------------------------------------- 1.11 2.74 ";.;;. 4.03

2.44 

0.99 2.6; 3:55 "4-1:

2.08 c:: 4127

1.45 1:52 3.00

0.29 1.0; 0.93 3.66

Artificially sweetened beverages 1~~__~~~~~~-~~_~~~~~~-~---_-____-_~-~~~~~~~~~~~~0.16 x: Coffee and tea------------------------------------------------------------ 1.90 1.68 3.10 4175 :-:z Salty snacks---------------------------------------------~---------------- - 0.58 2:63 

%mes not include alcoholic beverages. 

102 
Table XVIII. Standard errors for the percentages of frequency of intake of selected food groups for female.6 aged 65-74 years, by race: United States, 1971-74 

Race and food group 

Whole milk----------------------------------------------------------------

ski,,, milk-----------------------------------------------------------------

Meat a,,d po”lt=y----------------------------------------------------------

Fish a& shellfish--------------------------------------------------------

sggs----------------------------------------------------------------------

Cheese--------------------------------------------------------------------

Legumes, seeds, a,,d nLltS--------------------------------------------------

Fruits Fruits and vegetables, ~~11kinds------------------------------------------

and vegetables rich in vitamin A---------------------------------

Fruits and vegetables rich in vita&n C---------------------------------

Bread---------------------------------------------------------------------

Cereals-------------------------------------------------------------------

pats and oila-------------------------------------------------------------

De*8e=t8------------------------------------------------------------------

Candy---------------------------------------------------------------------

Sweetened be"erages'------------------------------------------------------ Artifi&,lly sweetened be"erages'----------------------------------------­ “offee a,-,d teB------------------------------------------------------------

salty snacks--------------------------------------------------------------

Cheese--------------------------------------------------------------------

Legumes, seeds, a,,,., n"ts--------------------------------------------------

Fruits 

Fruits and vegetables, all kinds------------------------------------------

and vegetables rich in vitamin A---------------------------------

Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin C--------------------------------- Bread---------------------------------------------------------------------

S,q&ened be”erages’---------------------.--------------------------------

Artificially sweetened beverages I------------------------_----------------- Coffee and tea---------------~--------------------------------------------

Salty snacks--------------------------------------------------------------

'Does not include alcoholic beverages. 

4 times 

a day or more 

0.22 

:::: 

0.0; 

;.s 

p; 

0.20 

Ei 

0:10

0.21 

1.04 

0.66 

0.3; 

1.7i 

0.57 

Frequency of intake 

3 times ! timee once a day a day a day 

0.61 1.31

1.53 0.96

0.24 1.57 

0.02 0.2;

0.25 

x2

0:3t? 

0.97 

E 

1:76

0.92 

E 

0:25 

1.40 

0.33 

2.84 

:% 1.35

1:30 2.30 

0.2; 

2.42 $.$ 

2191 

2.98

0.13

2.45 4.35

2.18 

;-;2' x 3192

1:1s 

2.99 :-it

1:31 

l-b Seldom

times or a week never 

h-f:

2:03 

1.32 

1.55 x5" 

1:73 :-52' 

0:&33 zf;

0.46 0:69

1.30 1.59 

4.21

?:I

3:01 

i-:2' 

4:21

5.11 

';*z:

o:s5 

3.69 

103 
VITAL AND HEALTH STATISTICS Series 

Series 1. Programs and Collection Procedures.-Reports which describe the general programs of the National 

Center for Health Statistics and its offices and divisions and data collection methods used and include 

definitions and other material necessary for understanding the data. 

Series 2. Data Evaluation and Methods Research.-Studies of new statistical methodology including experimental tests of new survey methods, studies of vital statistics collection methods, new analytical 

techniques, objective evaluations of reliability of collected data, and contributions to statistical theory. 

Series 3. Analytical Studies.-Reports presenting analytical or interpretive studies based on vital and health 

statistics, carrying the analysis further than the expository types of reports in the other series. 

Series 4. Documents and Committee Reports.-Final reports of major committees concerned with vital and 

health statistics and documents such as recommended model vital registration laws and revised birth 

and death certificates. 

Series 10. Data From the Health Interview Survey.-Statistics on illness, accidental injuries, disability, use of 

hospital, medical, dental, and other services, and other health-related topics, all based on data collected 

in a continuing national household interview survey. 

Srrics 11. Data From the Health Examination Survey and the Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.-Data 

from direct examination, testing, and measurement of national samples of the civilian noninstitutionalized population provide the basis for two types of reports: (1) estimates of the medically defined 

prevalence of specific diseases in the United States and the distributions of the population with respect 

to physical, physiological, and psychological characteristics and (2) analysis of relationships among the 

various measurements without reference to an explicit finite universe of persons. 

Series 12. Data From the Institutionalized Population Surveys.-Discontinued effective 1975. Future reports from 

these surveys will be in Series 13. 

Series 13. Data on Health Resources Utilization.-Statistics on the utilization of health manpower and facilities 

providing long-term care, ambulatory care, hospital care, and family planning services. 

Series 14. Data on Health Resources: Manpower and Facilities.-Statistics on the numbers, geographic distribution, and characteristics of health resources including physicians, dentists, nurses, other health 

occupations, hospitals, nursing homes, and outpatient facilities. 

Series 20. Data on Mortality. -Various statistics on mortality other than as included in regular annual or monthly 

reports. Special analyses by cause of death, age, and other demographic variables; geographic and time 

series analyses; and statistics on characteristics of deaths not available from the vital records based on 

sample surveys of those records. 

Series 21. Data on Natality, Marriage, and Divorce.-Various statistics on natahty, marriage, and divorce other 

than as included in regular annual or monthly reports. Special analyses by demographic variables; 

geographic and time series analyses; studies of fertility; and statistics on characteristics of births not 

available from the vital records based on sample surveys of those records. 

Series 22. Data From the National Mortality and Natality Surveys.-Discontinued effective 1975. Future reports 

from these sample surveys based on vital records will be included in Series 20 and 21, respectively. 

Series 23. Data From the National Survey of Family Growth.-Statistics on fertility, family formation and dissolution, family planning, and related maternal and infant health topics derived from a biennial survey 

of a nationwide probability sample of ever-married women 15-44 years of age. 

For a list of titles of reports published in these series, write to: Scientific and Technical Information Branch 

National Center for Health Statistics 

Public Health Service 

Hyattsville, Md. 20782