Data from the

NATIONAL HEALTH SURVEY

Basic Data on Spirometrym Adults

25-74 Years of Age

Uniled States, 1971-75

This report presents basic data on forced respiratory function by

age, sex, race, and smoking status, as evidenced on the Forced

Expiatory Spirogram test from the findings of the first National

Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

DHHS Publication No. (PHS) 81-1672

Series 11

Number 222

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES

Public Health Service

Office of Health Research, Statisticsr and Technology

National Center for Health Statistics

Hyattsville, Md. March 1981
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data 

O’Brien, Richard J. 

Basic data on spirometry in adults 25-74 years of age: United States, 1971-75. 

(Vital and health statistics: Series 11, Data from the National Health Survey; no. 222) 

(DHHS publication; no. (PHS) 81-1672) 

Includes bibliographical references. 

Supt. of Dots. no.: HE 20.6209:11/222 

1. Spirometry. 2. Health surveys-United States. I. Drizd, Terence, joint author. 

II. Title. III. Series: United States. National Center for Health Statistics. Vital and health 

statistics: Series 11, Data from National Health Survey, data from the health examination 

survey; no. 222. IV. Series: United States. Dept. of Health and Human Services. DHHS 

publication; no. (PHS) 81-1672. [DNLM: 1. Health surveys-United States. 2. Spirometry. 

W2 A N148vk no. 2221 

RA407.3.A347 no. 222 [ RC734.S65] 312’.0973s 

ISBN o-8406-02057-7 [312’.6] 80-607829 

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Offlce, Washington, D.C. 2Q402 
NATIONAL CENTER FOR HEALTH STATISTICS

DOROTHY P. RICE, Director

ROBERT A. ISRAEL, DepuV Director

JACOB J. FELDMAN, Ph. D., Acting Awociate Director for Analysis and Epidemiology

GAIL F. FISHER, Ph. D., Acting Associate Director for the Cooperative Health Statistics System

GARRIE J. LOSEE, Acting Associate Director for Data Processing and Services

ALVAN O. ZARATE, Ph.D., Assistant Director for International Statistics

E. EARL BRYANT, Acting Associate Director for Interview and Examination Statistics

ROBERT C. HUBER, Acting Associate Director for Management

MONROE G. SIRKEN, Ph. D., Acting Associate Director for Research andiklethodology

PETER L. HURLEY, Acting Associate Director for Vital and Health Care Statistics

ALICE HAYWOOD, Information Officer

OFFICE OF INTERVIEW AND EXAMINATION STATISTICS PROGRAMS

E. EARL BRYANT, Acting Associate Director

DIVISION OF HEALTH EXAMINATION STATISTICS

ROBERT S. MURPHY, Director

ROBERT S. MURPHY, Acting ChieX Medical Statistics Branch

KURT MAURER, Acting Chie~ Survey Planning and Development Branch

DIVISION OF DATA SERVICES

DAVID L. LARSON, Acting Chie~ Health Examination Field Operations Branch

COOPERATION OF THE U.S. BUREAU OF THE CENSUS

In accordance with specifications established by the National Health Survey, the Bureau of

the Census, under a contractual agreement, participated in the design and selection of the

sample, and csrried out the first stage of the field interviewing and certain parts of the

statistical processing.

Vital and Health Statistics-Series 11 -No. 222

DHHS Publication No. (PHS) 81-1672

Libra?y of Congress Catalog Chrd No. 80-607829
PREFACE

The National Center for Health Statistics has as its mission the collection,

analysis, and dissemination of data on the health of the population of the United

States. One of the major programs is the Health Examination Survey, in which are

conducted extensive examinations of a sample of the U.S. population. Data from

this survey have been published periodically in Series 11 reports of Vital and

Health Statistics.

Historically the published documents in Series 11 present only a small fraction of the available data. In order to make additional data available for users, the

Center has for many years had a policy of preparing public-use tapes for purchase

by persons interested in more detailed analysis or analysis of additional variables

not published in Series 11 reports. These data, however, are only easily accessible

to persons with computers and support staff who can read, interpret, and analyze

the data. In order to make these data more generally accessible to many users and,

in particular, to persons not able to directly use data tapes, the Division of Health

Examination Statistics, in the autumn of 1977, initiated a program to release,

along with the data tapes, basic descriptive summary tables of data contained in

those tapes. These tabular summaries have been termed “basic data publications, ”

of which this report is one.

These basic data publications present findings of the Health and Nutrition

Examination Survey of 1971-75. For each of the data sets, these publications include information on the methods used to collect the data, a descriptive summmy

of the tables included, an index to the tables, and the tables themselves. An

appendix describes the basic format of the associated. data tape. More detailed

information on use of the data for additional analysis is available on request from

the staff of the Division of Health Examination Statistics.

...

Ill

●
CONTENTS

Preface .......................................................... ...................... .. ......................... .............. ...........................

Introduction .......... ....... ................ ........ ......................... ............... ................ ..................... .....................

Sources and Limitations of Data .. ........... ...................................... ..................................... ................ ....

Highlights .......... ... ............................................... .................................................... ..................... ..........

References ........................... ........................ .......................... ....... ...................... ...... ..............................

List of Detailed

Asmendixes . .

L

IL

III.

l-v.

v.

VL

Statistical Notes .................................................... ............... ......................................................

Definition of Demo~phic Terns . ....................................... ..... ................................ ...............

Definition of Sptiometic Terns ................................................. .............................................-

Data Redution and Parmeter Genemtion .................................................. ..... ........................-

Technician Training and Quality Conkol ......................................... .......... ....... ............... ..... ....

Data Tape Summ~ .............. ................................ ................................................ ...................-

TEXT FIGURE

1. Sample time-volume and time-flow tracings ....

.................... ................ ..... ................ ............ ........

...

m

1

2

3

6

7

27

30

31

33

34

35

3

v
\

SYMBOLS

Data notavtilable --------------------------------------- ---

Category not applicable ----------------------------- . . .

Qumtity zero ------------------------------------------- -

Quantity more than Obutless than 0.05 ------ 0.0

Figure does not meet standards of

reliability or precision ------------------------------

*

vi
BASIC DATA ON SPIROMETRY

IN ADULTS 25-74 YEARS OF AGE

Richard J. O’Brien, M. D.’ and Terence A. Drizd, M. S.P.H.b

INTRODUCTION

This report summarizes some respiratory

function test findings from the first National

Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, conducted in 1971-75 among U.S. adults. The findings are based on Forced Expiatory Spirogram

test results, which were obtained from standardized detailed examinations administered to a

national probability y sample of adults 25-74

years of age. The sample was selected to represent the adult civilian noninstitutionalized population of the cotenninous United States. Data

collection started in April 1971 and, for the

25-74-ye= age group given the detailed examination, continued through October 1975. A total

of 6,913 persons received the detailed examination.

This detailed examination focused primarily

on cardiovascular diseaw, arthritis and rheumatic conditions, respiratory conditions, hearing

deficiencies, and determination of current and

unmet health caxe needs of adults. Along with

spirometry, the detailed exarninees received:

supplement ary medical history, health care

needs, and general well-being questionnaires; a

pulmonary diffusion test; chest, hip, knee, hand,

and wrist X-rays; audiometric, electrocardiographic, gorsiometric, and additional laboratory

determinations; as well as all questionnaires procedures, and measurements administered to ex-

‘Center for Disease Control, Bureau of State Services, Tuberculosis Conhol Divkion.

bNational Center for HeaIth Statistics, Division of

Health Examination Statistics.

arninees who received only the more limited

nutrition examination and related components.

Pulmonary function tests–a Forced Expiatory Spirogram and a test of single breath carbon monoxide diffusion capacity–were administered to all exarninees not disqualified by the

physician for medical reasons. Other data collected relating to the respiratory system included posterior-anterior and lateral chest X-rays

and responses to two questionnaires: the General Medical History and the Medical History

Supplement. Those individuals who indicated

that they had ever had certain respiratory

symptoms or illnesses also completed a Supplementary Respiratory Questionnaire. The forms

used to collect these data and a description of

the plan and operation of the survey are presented elsewhere-l J2

These data are recorded on microdata tapes,

which are available for purchase. Additional

variables not included in this report are also

available on the tapes for persons interested in

more detailed analyses.

This report describes the pulmonary function tests and presents tabular results for selected spirometric variables for this population.

Also included is a discussion of the nonresponse

bias introduced because not all examinees were

suitable for pulmonary function testing, and of

those tested not all performed satisfactorily.

For completeness, the findings for examinees whose test results were deemed unreliable

are included separately in the detailed tabIes.

National estimates from most of these unreliable

test data will also be unreliable because of the

small number of persons involved. That is, they

1

I
will have confidence limits too great to meet the

standards of reliability or precision set for National Center for Health Statistics publications

(standard errors of no more than one-fourth the

size of the statistic). These estimates are included solely to show the extent to which and

among which groups reliable tests could not be

obtained.

Appendix I contains the age, sex, and race

distribution of the civilian noninstitutiomdized

U.S. population at the midpoint of the survey,

the distribution of the probability y sample drawn

from it, and a brief description of the statistical

desi~ of the survey. Appendix H gives definitions of demographic terms used in this report.

Appendix III provides a glossary of spirometric

terms. Data reduction procedures and computer

algorithms used to generate spirometric values

are described briefly in appendix IV. A discussion of the spirometnc training and retraining

received by the technicians, as well as a description of relevant quality control procedures, can

be foumd in appendix V. A summary of the

spirometry micro data tape can be found in

appendix VI.

SOURCES AND LIMITATIONS

OF DATA

Spirometry was performed with an Ohio

Medical Instruments Model 800 electronic spirometer. The output from the spirometer consisted of a volume signal which was recorded

(along with a derived flow signal) on a ninetrack magnetic tape recorder after being converted to a digital format. The instrument was

calibrated according to a standardized procedure

prior to testing each subject.

Each participant suitable for spirometric

testing performed the Forced Expiatory SpiroWarn (FES), a procedure involving one or two

practice forced vital capacity (FVC, the total

amount of gas expired) trials, followed by five

regular FVC trials. An FVC trial consists of a

maximal inspiration followed by maximal forced

expiration through a mouthpiece into the spirometer. If two reproducible, procedurally correct trials were not found among the five trials,

the exarninee rested for a few minutes and

then performed another five trials. If repro ducibility and acceptability were still not demonstrated for any pair of trials, the examinee

rested for at least 15 minutes and then performed a final set of 5 trials.

A set of 55 spirometric measurements (see

appendix VI for listing) was generated for each

acceptable trial, after all volume and flow data

were corrected to BTPS (body temperature and

pressure, saturated with water vapor). A thorough description of the computerized data

reduction and parameter generation has been

published.s

With the exception of the calculation of zero

time (the point on the volume-time tracing that

defines the beginning of the examinee effort)

and the length of time data were recorded, the

spirometnc equipment and measurement generation methodology met all criteria for :tanclardization of spirometry established by the American Thoracic Society (ATS) in 1979.4

In the first National Health and Nutrition

Examination Survey (NHANES I) program, zero

time was based on a flow threshold of 1 liter per

second. Further analysis indicated that values of

FEV1. o (the amount of gas expired in the first

second) based on the flow threshold method

were similar to those obtained by the triangular

method and manual calculations, while those

obtained by the extrapolation method and by

the volume threshold method yielded h[gher

values for FEVI .. . A discussion of these analyses

and the rationale for using the flow threshold

method for calculation of zero time appear

elsewhere.3

The NIL4NES I spirometry equipment limited data collection for each trial to 9.18 seconds and, since the examinee effort was begun

after the recording equipment had been turned

on, most trials had an effective limit of about

8 seconds. The ATS recommends that data be

recorded for a minimum of 10 seconds. Limiting

FVCt (the time required to reach the maximum

expired volume) to 9.18 seconds would not

affect the results obtained from healthy subjects, but would result in the rejection of a

number of trials from subjects with airways obstruction, thereby favoring the ret ention of trials

with lower FVCt’s and correspondingly 10wer

FVC’S, higher FEVI. ~/FVC ratios, and higher

flow rates at most lung volumes in such subjects.
Of the 6,913 subjects selected for the detailed examination, spirometric data were obtained for 5,544 (80 percent). Sixteen percent

of the latter, 862 subjects, did not have reproducible best trials. Thus, totally satisfactory data

were obtained for 4,682 exarninees (68 percent

of total). This nonresponse bias, comprising

those with no data or with no reproducible best

trials, includes a disproportionate number of

black persons and older individuals (appendix

table II). Thus the representativeness of the test

data for certain subgroups (e.g., 65-74-year-old

black women) may be suspect. There is no way

to detemnine the quantitative impact of this bias

(or if such an impact even exists), but it does

appear that the causes of nonreproducibility are

not related directly to health status. The conclusion remains that these data are the most representative estimates of reproducible spirometric

function available for the U.S. adult population.

HIGHLIGHTS

The results of spirometric testing, in which

measurements of vital or lung capacity and functioning are obtained, are a function of respiratory system mechanics and of understanding and

cooperation on the part of the subject. Thus

resuIts that deviate from those expected may be

due to puImonary disease, submaximal subject

effort, or a combination of the two.

Population estimates for U.S. adults based

parameters, either measured or derived from

time-volume tracings (see figure 1). They are as

follows :

FVC – Forced vital capacity, the

voIume of gas expired

during the FES.

FEVI.O – Forced expiatory volume

at 1 second, the amount of

gas expired by the end of

the first second of the expiration.

FEVI.O /FVC – Ratio of FEVI.O to FVC,

expressed as a percentage.

Peak Flow – Peak instantaneous flow

rate.

FEF200-1, 200 — *verw forced expiatory

flow rate between the first

200 and 1,200 milliliters

(ml) of the FVC.

FEF 25-75% – Average forced expiatory

flow rate between 25 percent and 75 percent of FVC,

‘EF25% – Instantaneous expiatory

flow rate at 25 percent of

FVC.

FEF50% – Instantaneous expiatory

flow rate at 50 percent of

FVC.

FEF75% – Instantaneous expiatory

flow rate at 7570 percent of

on NHANES I findings are presented for nine FVC,

6r

~i t

1 I 1 I 1 I

o 1 2 3 4 5 6

ELAFSEIi TIME IN SECONDS

I I 1, I I I

o 1 2 3 4 5 6

ELAFsED TIME IN SECONOS

Figure 1. Sample time-volume and time-flow tracings
These measurements are commonly used in

routine spirometric testing and in clinical and

epidemiological studies.

Although not purported to be nationally

representative, “normal” values for these spirometnc variables, determined by testing groups of

healthy, nonsmoking subjects, have been published.G?6 Predicted values are based on testing

such subjects under Iaborat ory conditions. In

the present analysis those subjects with respiratory symptoms, a past or current history of

respiratory illnesses, or abnormal chest X-rays

have not been separated out. Thus it is expected

that, for subgroups containing sizable numbers

of “abnormal” individuals, the mean values

would fall below predicted values for the various

parameters.

Of the factors found to influence spirometric test results in normal individuals, age,

sex, and height are most important.7, 8 Cigarette

smoking and race also affect the results. g Other

factors, such as socioeconomic status, health

status, and exposure to atmospheric pollutants

may also play a role. A complete analysis of

these and other variables is beyond the scope of

this report.

Table 1 presents population estimates of

U.S. adults’ FVC values by age, sex, race, and

smoking status, based on tests of those subjects

with reproducible best trials. For the majority

of the subgroups the results are as expected and,

for the nonsmokers, usually fall within *10 percent of the previously referenced normal vaIues.

FVC decreases with age, is lower in women and

black persons, and is inversely related to smoking. These patterns (which are significant at the

5-percent or less level) are most clearly shown

for the subgroups with the largest numbers of

subjects, that is, white males and white females.

For example, white males’ FVC decreases from

5,277 ml for the age group 25-34 years to

3,563 n-dfor the age group 65-74 years. With the

exception of the 35-44-year age group, white

males categorized by smoking status show a

decrease in FVC with smoking, and current

smokers have lower values than ex-smokers.

(Smoking status has been variously defined in

published studies. See appendix Ill for a definition of the categorization used in this report.)

These differences persist even after the groups

are subdivided by age. Observed results that

deviate from the expected (for example, black

male nonsmokers generally have lower FVC

values than current smokers and ex-smokers in

comparable age groups) are in part due to differences in mean height and age, but are most

likely explained by the large sampling errors associated with small counts in the subgroups,, For

example, there are only 41 black male nonsmokers and 96 black female nonsmokers.

Table 1 also presents FVC values for those

subjects who performed spirometry but didl not

have two reproducible best trials. The mean

values for the individual subgroups are in general

lower than comparable values for those with reproducible best trials. Although this may be a

result of differences in age, height, health status,

and sampling error, it is more likely that the

lower values are a consequence of these subjects’

inability to reproduce a maximal effort during

testing. Data for subjects with nonreprodu,cible

best trials wiII not be considered in this and subsequent analyses.

Table 2 gives results for the FEVlmO. Although the results depend greatly on subject

effort, the FEVI. ~ is inversely related to the

amount of obstruction in larger airways. As this

“obstruction” may result from narrowed airways (for example, asthma) or from loss of supporting structure around airways (for example,

emphysema), FEVI. ~ decreases with both increasing age and with smoking, and it decreases

to a relatively greater degree than does the FVC.

A better measure of obstruction is the ratio of

the FEVI. ~ to the FVC (usuzJly expressed as a

percent), and this is shown in table 3. The

greatest relative decrease in FEVI. ~ is in cJder

smokers.

Table 4 gives the peak flow which is the

maximal expiatory flow derived from the

time-volume tracing. A comparable measure

from the volume-time tracing, the average flow

between the first 200 and 1,200 ml of exFlired

volume (FEF200.1 200) (see figure 1), is given in

table 5. Both vari;bles depend greatly on subject

effort, and the values are decreased in the presence of obstruction in larger airways. As with

the other variables presented, the results for peak

flow and FEF200.1,200 agree closely with :pubIished normal values for the nonsmokers in the
survey. Table 6 shows the forced expiatory

flow at the point when 25 percent of FVC is

expired (FEF25% ). This variable is closely related to peak flow and FEFZOO.l, ZOO; it occurs

in the early part of the forced expiration, is

greatly effort dependent, and is affected by large

airways obstruction.

Table 7, forced expiatory flow at 50 percent of the FVC (FEF50% ) and table 8, midexpiratory flow rate (the average flow between

25 and 75 percent of the FVC, FEF25.75%),

present similar data: Both variables are measured from the time-volume tracing and both are

estimates of flow during the middle part of the

expiration (see figure 1). Reduction of flow

rates in the midportion of the FVC may be

attributable to decreased subject effort and to

obstruction in both large and small airways.

Again, the same variables noted earlier (age, sex,

and smoking) for the other spirometric parameters ah affect the FEF25.7 ~% and the FEF50%.

As mentioned before, results from this survey

usuaUy fall within * 10 percent of published

normal values.

The final spirometric variable presented in

this report, forced expiatory flow after 75 percent of the FVC is expired (FEF75% ), is shown

in table 9. This measurement is made in what is

referred to as the “effort independent” portion

of the flow-volume tracing. Reductions in flow

rates at this lower lung volume are believed to be

caused primarily by resistance to airflow in the

smaller airways. As with other spirometnc variables, FEF7 576 is primarily affected by age, sexy

and smoking, and the results presented are as

expected. At present there are no totally satisfactory normal values for comparison. Values of

FEF75% for the NHANES I sumey are substantially lower than Knudson’s values for a representative sample of white residents of Tucson,

Arizona.l” Reasons for this discrepancy are not

totally clear, but similar differences have been

found in other unpublished data.1 1

000

5
REFERENCES

1National Center for Health Statistics: Plan and

operation of the Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, United States, 1971-1973, by H. W. Miller. Vital

and Health Statistics. Series I-Nos. 10a and 10b. DHEW

Pub. No. (HSM) 73-1310. Health Services and Mental

Health Administration. Washington. U.S. Government

Printing Office, Feb. 1973.

2 National Center for Health Statistics: Plan and

operation of the HANES I Augmentation Survey of

adults 25-74 years: United States, 1974-1975, by A.

Engel, R. Murphy, K. Maurer, and E. Collins. Vital and

Health Statistics. Series l-No. 14. DHEW Pub. No. (PHS)

78-1314. Public Health Service. Washington. U.S. Government Printing Office, June 1978.

3 National Center for Health Statistics: Computerassisted spirometiy data analysis for the National Health

and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1971-1980, by D.

Discher, A. Palmer, G. Hibdon, and T. Drizd. Vital and

Health Statistics. Series 2-No. 86. DHHS Pub. No. (PHS)

81-1360. Public Health Service. Washington. U.S. Government Printing Office, Oct. 1980.

4herican Thoracic Society: ATS statement-Snowbird workshop on standardization of spirometry. Am.

Rev. Respir. Dis. 119:831-838, May 1979.

5Morris, J. F.: Spirometry in the evaluation of pulmonary function. West. ]. Med. 125:110-118, Aug.

1976.

6 Chemiak, R. M., and Raber, M. B.: Normal standards for ventilator function using an automated wedge

spirometer. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 106:38-46, July 1972.

7KOV, R. C., Ca.hhan, R-J Boren~ H. G., and $yner,

J. C.: The Veterans’ Administration-Army cooperative

study of pulmonary function. Aria. J. Med. 30:243-258,

Feb. 1961.

8Momis, J. F., Koski, A., and Johnson, L. C-: $Pirometric standsrds for healthy non-smoking adults. Am.

Rev. Respir. Dis. 103:57 -67, Jan. 1971.

9 Seltzer, C. C., Siegelaub, A. B., Friedman, G. D.,

and Cohen, M. F.: Differences in pulmonary function

related to smoking habits and race. Am. Rev. Respir.

Dis. 110:598-608, Nov. 1974.

10Knudson, R. J., Slatin, R. C., Lebowitz, M. D,, and

Burrows, B.: The maximal expirato~ flow-vc,lume

curve. Normal standards, variability and effects o f age.

Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 113:587-600, May 1976.

11 Hankinson, J. L.: Personal communication.,

12 National Center for Health Statistics: Replication:

An approach to the analysis of data from complex surveys, by P. J. McCtihy. Vital and Health Statistics. PHS

Pub. No. 1000-Series 2-No. 14. Public Health Service.

Washington. U.S. Government Printing Office, Apr.

1966.
LIST OF DETAILED TABLES

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

Forced vital capacity (FVC) of white and black adults ages 25-74 years, by best trial status, smoking status, sex, and age:

United States, 1971-75 ................................... .... ...................................... .. .... ..........................................................................

Forced expiatory volume at 1 second ( FEV1 ..) of white and black adults ages 25-74 Years, by best trial status, smoking

status, sex, and age: United States, 1971-75 .................... ....................................................................... ..................................

Percent ratio of forced expiatory volume at 1 second to forced vital capacity (FEV1 .o/FVC) of white and black adults

ages 25-74 years, by best trial status, smoking status, sex, and age: United States, 1971-75 .. ...................................................

Peak flow rate of white and black adults ages 25-74 years, by best trial status, smoking status, sex, and age: United States,

1971-75 .................... ................................. ............ .......... ..... ....................................................................................................

Maximal expirato~ flow rate (F EF200-1 ,200) of white and black adults ages 25-74 years, by best trial status, smoking

status, sex, and age: United States, 1971-75 .............................................. .............. .................................................................

Forced expiatory flow rate at 25 percent of forced vital capacity (FEF25%) of white and black adults ages 25-74 years, by

bast trial status, smoking status, sex, and age: United Statas, 1971-75 ................... ...... ......... ........................... ........ .................

Forced expiatory flow rata at 50 percent of forced vital capacity (FE F50%) of white and black adults ages 25-74 years, by

best trial status, smoking status, sex, and age: United States, 1971-75 .. .......................... ..........................................................

Maximal mid-expiratory flow rate (F EF25.75%) of white and black adults ages 25-74 Years, by best trial status. smoking

status, sex, and age: United States, 1971-75 .... ..................... ......... ................................ ...........................................................

Forcad expiatory flow rate at 75 percant of forced vital capacity (F EF75%) of white and bleck adults ages 25-74 yaars, by

best trial status, smoking status, sex, and age: United States, 1971-75 .... ............................ .. ............................ ........................

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

24

7
Table 1. Forced vital capacity (FVC) of white and black adults ages 25-74 years, by best trial status, smoking status, sex, and aga~

Unitad States, 1971-75

Smoking status, race, sex, nnd age

Est!maTed

population

,n

thousands

10,372

7,942

7,620

5,729

2,877

9,679

7,699

7,565

5,175

3,312

aao

673

749

399

227

926

e52

520

264

164

2,633

1,669

1,206

685

481

4,126

3,609

3,736

2,761

2,413

156

111

123

114

52

295

297

254

165

129

Reproducible best trial

mean

5,277

4,638

4,423

4,060

3,563

3,717

3,604

3,282

2,664

2,605

4,584

3,9e6

4,005

3,756

3,392

3,200

3,137

2,a31

2,464

2,425

5,480

4,761

4,506

4,263

3,867

3,712

3,607

3,340

2,932

2,602

4,494

‘4,362

3,381

3,942

3,144

3,247

3,195

2,680

2,436

2,2a9

769

776

753

812

7e4

507

524

532

517

547

706

649

665

720

555

481

372

512

472

525

769

759

795

756

774

464

530

522

526

481

674

403

809

982

736

397

435

556

420

417

55

76

56

63

se

40

46

39

41

61

169

203

1B5

257

166

109

e4

136

210

200

136

139

136

175

202

47

73

55

54

61

366

1,972

641

75a

625

162

151

201

516

196

tionremoducible best trial

Est(mated

in

thousands

157

237

666

738

719

1,386

757

1,352

2,185

1,611

96

137

66

100

64

348

266

407

355

211

24

42

96

111

113

812

455

663

1,170

1,307

56

9

20

13

7

146

64

167

263

156

11 Standard

Mean Standard error

deviatmn of the

mean

4,624

3,649

3,546

2,967

3,024

3,546

3,244

2,695

2,746

2,299

●4,361

‘3,500

“3,21 8

●3,a37

2,651

3,204

2,673

2,565

2,215

1,929

‘ 4,407

94,307

“3,372

“3,936

3,015

3,477

3,118

2,761

2,640

2,339

●4,237

“2,947

“3,01 6

‘3,598

‘2,163

3,307

“2,763

2,722

2,157

2,032

636

748

1,038

1,038

973

a35

612

657

976

622

295

610

1,095

519

561

717

544

a3a

759

569

l,14a

1,050

7,oaa

a6a

e22

777

595

705

646

265

391

653

5a3

1,009

512

1,032

77a

602

632

606

324

255

156

203

213

110

240

76

1,3e2

1,686

93a

1,042

264

304

227

350

253

214

2,599

3,517

1,oa7

1,415

425

351

23a

149

124

101

2,a34

2,406

2,035

2,453

1,571

576

1,oa9

463

303

238

See note at end of table,
Tabla 1. Forcad vital capacity (FVC) of whita and black adults agas 25-74 yaara, by bast trial status, smoking status, sax, and aga:

h’okine status, race,sex, and age

Un itad Statas, 1971 -75–Con.

Ex-SMOKERS

Whita males

25-34 yaars ....... ............. .................... ......... ........... ...................... ...

35-44 yaars ....... .. ..................................................... .......................

45-54 yaam ........................... ............................................ .. ......... ...

5584 yaars ........................... ........... ......... .................... ............. .....

65-74 vears ... ............... .............................................................. .....

Estimated

population

in

thousands

1,547

1,977

2,394

1,970

1,344

1,452

1,269

97s

643

499

51

45

187

71

60

32

100

46

20

31

6,192

4,266

4,020

2,874

1,052

4,100

2,822

2,871

1,551

400

672

517

439

214

115

599

455

220

79

4

#producible best trial

m

5,265

5,046

4,502

4,252

3,577

3,760

3,631

3,261

3,044

2,675

“4,s97

●3,939

3,972

3,679

3,649

‘3,043

●3,139

“3,31O

● 2,s62

“ 2,959

5,1s9

4,773

4,352

3,s66

3,406

3,707

3,ws

3,204

2,712

2,533

Milliliters

759

773

785

778

791

533

449

543

469

566

303

237

560

705

494

193

265

163

171

60S

7ss

770

712

S05

674

53s

~5’&

467

815

726

685

572

509

416

167

126

96

120

132

107

73

11s

106

150

1,905

1 ,s65

642

717

506

2,033

Sso

2,214

1,913

1,432

74

102

60

109

105

66

76

61

66

305

199

253

145

208

197

151

93

145

1,022

2.196

Nonreproducible best trial

=

67

20s

217

20s

123

114

139

320

253

S2

29

16

5

2

66

194

361

410

397

450

167

530

695

250

40

47

46

S7

48

202

205

240

66

51

●4,71 1

3,630

3,031

2,s01

4,03s

●3,245

2,826

●3,652

2,3s0

‘4,149

●2,693

“2.677

“2,144

‘2,282

● 5,0s5

3,506

3,42s

2,671

3,061

3,535

3,550

2,576

2,513

2,011

●4,536

●2,466

“3,304

“3,674

“2,700

Milliliters

L

4,561

3,904

4,194

3,662

3,370

3,165 525

3,096 336

2,673 424

‘2.416 570

● 2 ,6s9

NOTE: Estimates preceded by an asterisk do not meet Naticmal Center for Health Statistics standards of reliability (that is, thestandard error is greater than 25

476

1,362

1,252

791

665

601

793

1,744

523

332

71

699

752

746

669

1,052

578

931

675

553

497

242

261

1,273

485

627

-b3,126 367

2,645 573

“ 2,46S

2,471 645

“1,594 256

2,S05

933

573

310

476

1,079

559

1,192

217

3,386

859

1,766

1,751

1,863

1,760

604

330

273

260

224

571

161

144

147

2,147

1,660

1,146

1,213

63S

406

406

635

590

519

percent of the estimate).

9
Table2. Forced expiatory volume et 1 second (F EV1,O) of white end black edultseges 25-74 yeers, by best trial status, smoking

status, aex, and age: Unitad Stetas,1971-75

Smoking status, race, sex, and age

Reproducible best trial

Estimated

population

in

thousands

10,372

7,942

7,620

5,729

2,877

9,679

7,699

7,585

5,175

3,312

880

673

749

39s

227

926

852

520

284

164

2,633

1,669

1,206

885

481

4,128

3,60$

3,736

2,761

2,413

15fJ

111

q23

114

52

29E

297

254

16!

12!

Stendard

Mean Standard error

deviation of the

mean

4,200

3,722

3,324

2,950

2,527

3,062

2,689

2,536

2,226

1,981

3,869

3,205

3,041

2,747

2,477

2,614

2,503

2,205

1,938

1,852

4,404

3,742

3.487

3,214

2,856

3,096

2,907

2,631

2,288

2,005

3,580

●3,566

●2,515

2,986

2,514

2,7’07

2,595

2,225

1,969

1,818

Milliliters

629

654

643

674

649

412

411

434

424

465

623

573

569

445

445

462

307

410

363

296

584

591

626

529

627

372

397

401

401

400

627

407

640

464

637

435

302

451

354

297

42

60

46

60

72

30

33

31

37

50

153

175

142

145

141

107

62

106

153

125

100

107

103

114

151

36

54

41

42

52

320

1,617

650

376

519

212

102

165

423

140

Nonreprocfucible best trial

—~

Estimated

IOpu Istion

in

thousands

157

237

686

730

719

1,366

757

1,352

2,185

1,811

96

137

Sf

10(

84

34E

28E

407

355

211

24

4;

9f

111

11:

81 i

45~

m

“ 1,17C

,’ 1,307

5s

c

2(

1:

14s

w

16

28:

15[

I

Standard

Mean Standard error

deviation of the

I I

mean

3,743

2,740

2,672

2,032

2,012

2,637

2,593

1,964

2,096

1,714

“3,440

●2,524

“2,376

●2,379

1,781

2,332

2,092

1,869

1,M3

1,451

“3,620

+3,391

“2,714

“ 2,627

2,178

2,816

2,440

2,114

2,009

1,763

“3,862

“2,257

“ 2,402

● 2,607

“1,712

2,46!

“2,041

1,898

1,*

1,52E

713

676

888

715

805

557

746

550

833

454

887

454

451

349

527

399

286

461

498

479

767

987

871

643

654

605

514

492

462

264

173

613

356

491 .’

86

519

535

501

522

503

267

196

124

137

207

84

,214

56

1,204

1,175

602

635

266

148

138

182

135

182

2,062

2,769

939

1,002

292

253

163

123

79

73

2,585

1,843

1,808

1,603

1,204

330

721

252

184

208

10
Tabla 2. Forcad axpiratow volume at 1 second (FEVI n) of white and black adults ages 25-74 years, by best trial status, smoking ,.-

status, sex, and age: United Statesr 1971 -75—Con.

Smokmg status, race, sex. and age

—.

65.74 vears . .. .. .. . .. .. . . .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. . . .. .. . .. .. .. ..

SMOKERS

Whine males

25.34 years .............. ..................................

354years ......................... .................. .....

45.54 years.,.,...,..,.,,,......,........,., .

55-64 years ................. ........... . . . .... . .

65.74 wars..........,.,.,., . ... .,.

Whne lemales

25-34 years.,., ................ .. .... . . . . . . ,,

35-14 years ... ......... ......... .. ....... .

45.54 year5 ................ .,,,.,., .. . . . .,,

55-S4 years .,.,.,., .... .... . . . . . . .. . ,.

65-74 years .,.,. . . . ... .

Black males

25-34 year5 ....... ......... ... ,,, ,,.

3544 years ..... .. ......... ... ,,, ., .,.,

45.54 yem5... .... ..... ,,, ,.

55-64 years ................. ,,,, .... . . . .

65-74 years..,.,....,.,.,.,.. . ...

Black female,

25-34 years,.,.,.,., .... .... . ,, .,

3544 years ............................ ,,, .. .. . ..

45-54 year5 ........ .................... .

55-64 years .... .. ........... ....... . .. . .

65-74 years .... . . .. . . . .,

.... .............. ........ ..

. . .................

.. . .

..... .. ... .. ...... . ..

. .

.. .

Reproducible best trial

Estimated

population

m

thousands

1,547

1,977

2,394

1,970

1,344

1,452

1,269

97a

643

499

51

45

I a7

71

60

32

100

46

20

31

6,192

4,296

4,o2O

2,B74

1,052

4,100

2,B22

2,a71

1,551

400

672

517

439

214

115

599

455

220

79

4

Mean Standard

dewation

Milliliters

4,242

3,978

3,418

3,117

2,533

3,081

2,916

2,535

2,320

2,020

●4,0e7

“3,359

3,121

2,7a3

2,S432

“2,634

●2,573

●2,635

“2,312

“1,974

4,103

3,596

3,219

2.755

2,369

3,017

2,mo

2,413

2,064

1,=B

3,657

3,114

3,153

2,607

2,364

2,56a

2,428

2,091

●1,776

“2,016

59[

66[

67!

64:

661

441

36C

454

45e

487

529

243

45>

521

37e

Ile

264

122

34

27i

635

639

609

677

552

434

439

437

400

714

616

591

50s

337

319

479

299

326

339

Standard

error

of lhe

mean

113

106

90

BO

1oa

a2

68

96

120

12B

1,640

1,595

42a

579

401

1,75B

726

1,761

1,542

90B

57

a4

66

75

a2

55

59

49

75

257

166

212

127

100

1az

122

a9

a5

735

1,646

Nonrepmducible best trial

Estimated

population

in

Thousands

67

20[

21 i

20E

122

114

135

32C

25z

8>

zg

18

.

2

66

194

361

410

397

450

7a7

530

695

250

40

47

46

a7

4a

202

205

240

66

51

“3,593

2,9o5

1,918

2,076

3,178

●2.5al

2,001

“3,003

1.756

“2.862

‘1 ,B96

“2,093

●1,674

“ 1,577

3,93B

2,59a

2,527

1,932

1,932

2,7a2

2,973

1,aza

1,a26

1,415

‘2,B45

“l,9a3

“2,366

●2.344

“1,722

2,235

2,1 OB

1,848

1.454

“1,207

609

1,041

656

707

314

541

5E4

1,570

354

3a6

210

735

667

717

611

aa7

340

991

555

419

364

657

31a

526

271

ao4

27a

327

415

294

299

2,061

696

277

249

165

a59

356

1,070

145

2,337

665

1,403

1,367

1.2B3

1,363

623

307

251

222

124

614

154

9B

113

1,424

1,349

72S

719

5S0

295

XB

450

206

414

NOTI:: L>timates preceded h, an IW u.k da nmt meet Natimml Center fur Health Statistics standards or reliability [that is. the standard errm is sremter than 25

percent OF the estimate).

11
Table 3. Percent ratio of forced expiatory volume at 1 second to forced vital capacity (FEV1 ,o/FVC) of white and black adults ages

25-74 years, by best trial status. smoking status. sex, and age: United States, 1971-75

Smoking stares, race, sex, and age

Reproducible best tr!al

-1Estimated

population

in

thousands

10>372

7,942

7,620

5,729

2,677

9,679

7,699

7,585

5,175

3,312

880

673

749

399

227

926

B52

520

264

164

2,633

1,669

1,206

885

481

4,1 2B

3,609

3,736

2,7B1

2,413

15B

111

123

114

52

295

297

254

165

129

Mean

79.8

77,0

75.2

72,5

70,6

a2.6

79.9

77.4

77.2

76.4

ao.1

80.3

76.0

73.9

73,2

81.6

BO.O

7a.1

79.0

77.6

B0,7

7B,a

77,5

75.B

73.5

83.7

80.9

79.0

7B.2

77,7

79.5

“81,2

74.2

77.4

79.6

B3,2

81.5

77,4

BO,B

79,9

Standard

deviatmn

Percent

6.4

7,7

7,1

B,3

9,3

6.4

6.0

6.1

5.B

6.6

6.7

5.2

6,3

8,0

6.6

7,2

5.B

5.8

5.3

8.3

5.9

5.2

6,0

5,1

7,6

5.9

5.7

5.8

4.9

6.0

I

5,6

2.8

4.9

7.7

4.5

7.4

4.1

6,2

3,6

6.1

Standard

error

of the

mean

0,5

0,6

0,5

0.8

1.2

0.5

0.5

0.4

0.5

0.8

1.8

1.5

1,1

2,3

1,9

1,7

1.7

1.7

2.3

3.0

1,0

0,9

1,1

1,3

1.6

0.6

0.7

0.6

0.6

0,8

3.2

38.2

14.6

5.5

9.4

3.8

1.4

2.7

15.6

2,5

Nonreproduc!ble bsst trml

Estimared

population

(n

thousands

157

237

666

738

719

1,386

757

1,352

2,185

1,811

96

137

66

100

84

348

2B6

407

355

211

24

42

e6

111

113

812

455

683

1,170

1,307

56

9

20

13

7

146

64

167

283

I 5a

Mean

77.9

74.3

75.0

69.4

65.9

81,3

eo,l

73,8

76,3

75.1

“79.7

●73,2

77.6

●62,4

67,0

74.2

79.5

75,7

72.7

74.7

●83,5

●78,7

“77.1

‘67.3

72.B

82.2

79,5

76,9

77,0

76,2

“91.1

*76.6

“80.2

“71 ,6

‘BO,l

77.2

●75.6

72.7

75,4

74.7

Standard

dewatmn

Percent

8,8

9,7

12.9

13.7

14,4

10.1

11.s

12,0

9,0

9.7

17.9

5.7

14.1

7,7

14,7

11,7

7.9

14.3

13.7

9.B

6.5

ll,e

14.1

10,2

9.4

13.6

10.7

9,1

10,0

0.5

4.1

4,8

3.4

13,5

9,7

10.2

12.7

9.5

Standard

error

of the

mean

——

5.5

10.0

4,0

3,7

2,8

2.2

2.6

2.2

1.3

1.1

28.7

33.0

1B.7

16.5

7,1

5,2

2,9

6,4

4,8

4.1

45.7

64.3

21,9

24,3

4,9

3.1

4.3

3.3

1.5

1.4

60.7

62.5

53.6

47.9

53.5

8,4

28,2

4,0

4,9

4,5

12
Table 3. Percent ratio of forced expiatory volume at 1 second to forced vital capacity (FEV1 .o/FVC) of white and black adults ages

25-74 years, by best trial status, smoking status, sex, and age: United States, 1971 -75–Con.

Smokmg status, race, sex, and age

55-54 years .. ......... ...... ................ .... ......... .,,,

6574year5 ......................................... ... ,,..

White females

25-34 years..., ......................... ....... .. . ....

3544 yEars ................... ... ,..,,.

45.Myears ......... .. ....... ........... ............. .... ,,

55-64 years,.,., ........ ......... ..... .. .. ...... .... . ..

65-74 vears ....... ......... ............... .... .. ....... . ,.

Black males

............. .... ..... .

..... ....... ........

25-34 years.,.,.,,...,,,.,,,., . .. . . . .,..,..

35-44 year5 .,,,.,......,.,.,..,..,...,., ,,,, ,, .. . . ,,

45.54 years ... ................ ... .. ....

55~yems,..,.,.,.,..,.,,,,,, .,, .... ,,,, ,,,,. .

65-74 years,..,.,., .. .. . . .. .. .. . .. . ... .. . . ,,, ,.....,

Black females

25.34 yaar~ ... ......... .. ..... ................ ..... ..

3544vears ..... ........... ......... .. ......... ...... ... ,.

............... . ...

..... ..,,.,.,,.,,...,,

..... . ... .... .

..,,,.,,,.... . . ,,.

,,,,.,,,.,,.,..,,,.,.,.

......... .,,.,.

............. .. ...

Reproducible best tria[

Estimated

populauor

m

thousands

Mean

1,547

1,977

2,394

1,970

1.344

1,452

1,269

978

843

499

51

45

787

71

60

32

100

46

20

31

6,192

4,296

4,020

2,874

1,052

4,100

2,s22

2,871

1,551

400

672

517

439

214

115

599

455

220

79

4

ao.E

78,9

75.9

73,7

70,3

82,4

80.5

77s

76.0

75.3

● a3.4

‘135.3

79.0

76.4

73.3

9S6.7

‘81.9

“79.7

“81.0

“68.4

79.3

75.5

74.0

71.0

69.6

81 7

78,2

75.4

76.0

73,6

60,0

79,7

75.2

71,2

70.2

806

70.6

76,5

“74,5

“75,0

Standard

dewahon

6.5

6.9

7.1

7.9

9.7

5.8

5.3

5.0

6.6

6.6

6.3

3.2

7.0

9,5

7.0

1,6

2.5

0.8

3.4

9.9

6.5

7.4

7.2

9.1

9.2

6.8

6.2

6.3

6.6

0.7

6.8

55

6,0

6,4

4,9

7.0

6.9

5,s

5,9

Scandarc

error

of the

mean

1.,

1.:

0.$

1.’

1.:

1.:

1,1

1,(

2.;

1 .E

32.!

40.:

9.!

13.[

8.i

67.f

22.4

53.1

54.1

32.[

0.7

0.9

0.8

1.1

1.7

0.9

0.7

0,7

1.1

2,9

25

1,9

1,2

3.6

2.5

18

2.9

2.4

29,0

612

Nonreproducible best trial

Estimated

population

in

thousands

67

208

217

208

123

114

139

320

253

82

29

18

5

2

66

194

361

410

397

450

187

530

695

250

40

47

46

87

48

202

205

240

66

51

Mean

●76.2

77.2

65.4

70,6

81.6

979,4

71.2

80,9

74.3

‘69.0

“70.7

● 78.0

‘78.1

‘68.8

“77.5

73.3

73.2

72.0

61.4

79,6

82.2

70.5

73.0

70.3

“63,6

“80.0

‘ 76.5

’61.0

“62.0

72.1

80.8

“77.0

60.9

‘75.0

*

Percent

11,:

7.:

14.L

14.[

14.[

9.:

16.i

6.!

8.5

14.[

5.s

3.4

10.5

15.2

12.7

13.7

9.3

8,2

11.4

8.5

6.8

la,l

4,0

16,5

71

141

95

69

16.3

11.8

10.8

42.9

9.E

6.2

4.6

7.9

25.4

11.6

3.2

3.0

56.3

24.6

52.1

63.8

%.2

24,5

15.2

6.9

4,6

3.9

3,6

4,6

3,3

2,6

2,0

32.7

53,4

226

19,1

1B9

9.8

95

196

12.4

23.3

NOTE Estimates prwededb\ ma<ter,W do not meet N~timml Center cur Health Statistics stjnd~rdsalr~l]~bilil! (that u,thestandmd errur]s greater than 25

percent of the estimate),

13
Table4. Peak flow rate of white and black adults ages 25-74 years, by best trial status, smoking status, sex, and age: United States,

Smoking status, race, sex, and ~ge

1971-75

Emmated

population

In

thousands

10.372

7,942

7,620

5,729

2,a77

9.679

7r6a9

7.5a5

5,175

3,306

aao

673

749

399

227

926

a52

520

264

7a4

2,633

1,669

1,206

aa5

4al

4,128

3,60S

3,736

2,7al

2,407

15E

111

12:

114

5i

29!

297

254

16E

,25

Reproducible besr trial

Standard

devimrion

Standard

error

of the

Millilit~rs per minute

1or34a

9,915

a,943

a,076

7,31a

7,123

6,942

6,432

6,257

5,5a6

9,522

9,159

a,267

7,2al

7,169

6,742

6,781

6,302

6,034

5,170

10,292

10,166

9,447

a,4a2

7,937

7,153

7,067

6,529

6,363

5,6a6

9,269

“ 10,925

‘6,731

a,254

7,545

7,423

7,1 a9

6,442

5,a70

5,343

1,734

1,676

1,a5a

1,840

1,691

1,136

1,103

1,095

1,150

1,150

1,654

2,009

2,147

1.847

1,293

1,5a6

1,032

1,100

1,275

1,044

1,666

1,515

1 ,a56

1,513

I ,a78

1,091

1,068

1,048

1,074

1,16E

2,152

1,43i

2,069

1,244

1,424

1 ,aaz

1,01:

1,20(

1,25;

1,04f

14a

152

131

lal

1a9

94

99

91

125

122

3a9

6a6

615

536

434

434

201

256

503.

3a2

269

272

333

29a

468

146

142

116

139

142

1,110

4,9a3

1,996

913

1,235

990

346

436

1 ,2a7

440

Nonreproducible best trial

Estimated

population

In

thousands

157

237

620

73a

719

1,3a6

743

1,352

2,160

1,773

96

137

66

100

a4

34a

266

407

355

209

24

42

96

111

113

al 2

442

6a3

1,144

1 ,2a4

56

9

20

13

7

146

64

167

2a3

156

Mean Standard

dewation

Standard

error

of the

mean

6,359

7,415

7,777

a,246

5,e4a

6,402

6,057

5,4a2

5,774

5,1 oa

*a,910

●a,256

6,5o2

‘4,929

5,359

5,632

5,412

5,165

4,936

4,423

“ 6,ao9

●ll,a15

“7,196

“6,176

5,754

6,544

5,990

5,769

5,673

5,02a

●1O,OIO

● 4,490

“7,261

‘6,51a

“3,994

6,529

‘5,313

5,233

4,906

4,6a2

2,092

2,469

2,061

2,o32

2,043

1,619

I ,2ao

1,365

1,652

1,042

2,117

I ,aa3

a62

1>027

1,901

1,449

67a

1,199

1,195

1,144

2,275

1,762

1,929

1,579

7 ,a73

1,340

1,407

1,359

1,026

1,042

565

1,3a7

669

I ,5a4

606

1,56E

1,24!

I,16E

1,431

1,766

6aa

640

395

390

314

253

364

155

3,243

4,0aa

1,545

1,430

1,050

478

234

425

3ao

414

5,153

9,647

2,2aa

2,165

713

750

422

377

254

lal

6,735

3,666

4,a62

4,4ao

2,757

546

1,942

710

465

4a2

14
Table4. Peak flow rate of white and black adults ages 25-74 years, by bast trial status, smoking status, sex, and age: UnitedStates,

1971 -75-Con.

Smokmg status, race, sex, and age

White females

Estlmatec

populatlo,

,“

thousands

1,%;

1,97;

2,394

1 ,97[

1,34L

1,45:

1,26$

97:

a42

49~

51

4!

la7

71

6C

32

100

46

20

31

6,192

4,296

4,020

2,874

1,052

4,100

2,822

2,071

1,551

400

672

517

439

214

115

599

455

220

79

4

Reproducible best trial

mMilliliters per minute

10,85.

10,561

9,16”

a,39!

7.42:

7,09(

6,97(

6,62”

6,37:

5,46!

“11>40,

“9,21(

8,19:

a,05:

7,39:

“ 5,9Bf

“7,021

“7,19!

“7,041

“4.29E

10,24!

9,521

8,658

7,732

6.904

7,102

6,771

6,240

6,005

5,132

9.439

a,774

a,72a

6,504

6,a81

6,447

a,4a2

5,953

“6,116

“6,219

1,581

1,76!

1,71:

1,67(

1,74

lrla[

1 ,07(

1,09:

1,12:

921

1,151

90:

1,89:

1,48:

1,39:

371

97E

121

1,396

432

1,775

1,579

1.891

1,969

1,403

1,161

1,136

1,127

1,252

1,185

1,452

1,982

2,065

1,B72

1,091

1,340

945

940

1,144

29:

30!

24<

23i

30!

247

257

207

267

206

4,472

4,397

1,451

1,ea4

1,209

4.000

2,06a

4,79a

4.a36

1,954

,

185

214

200

2s

195

126

121

152

227

423

399

765

639

896

724

346

2a4

310

2,517

5.07a

Nanreproducible bst trial

E.m,mawc

popu lallO1

in

lhousand!

~

1a!

21’

201

12:

11,

,3$

32(

245

K

2s

lE

>

6E

194

332

41C

397

450

187

530

695

241

40

47

46

a7

48

202

205

240

66

51

Standard

dewation

Srandard

error

of the

mean

Milliliters per minute

“ 7,93~

“ 8,74:

6.1 6S

6,57i

7,237

‘6,82:

5,34C

‘7,144

5,51 E

‘9.745

“6,830

“4,a90

“5,130

“4,264

“8.626

6,461

7.415

6,3o6

5,491

5,918

5.752

5.125

5,30a

5,116

“ 7,362

“ 6.3a7

“6,177

“4,6a5

“4,689

5.32a

5,4aa

5,1 la

5.051

“3,631

1,675

2,59E

2,345

2,20:

1,005

1,097

1,oBa

2,604

993

2,o55

766

2,149

1,520

1.574

1.a73

1,924

1,000

1,037

I .2al

1,010

1,075

2.272

241

757

690

1,308

1,094

66a

a52

998

460

4,560

2,290

1,065

849

614

2,220

840

1,794

421

7.957

2,695

3,305

4,189

3,4a2

3,170

1,537

720

824

614

376

492

39a

254

350

3,880

4,249

1,754

1,535

l,51a

934

Sao

1,241

993

1,116

NOT1 bstlmatcs preceded h! m mtermh do “ot rnect Nxtwnd (’enter lm Ilexlth Statistics standards qrrdiah,lity (that is, thestandard error is greater than 25

percent ortheestimatc).

15
Table5. Maximal expiratory flow rate (F EF2.0.1,200) of white and black adults ages 25-74 years, by best trial status, smokinlg status,

sexr and age: Unitad States, 1971-75

Smokingstatus,race, sex, and age

Estimated

population

In

10,372

7,942

7,620

5,691

2,a6a

9,679

7,699

7,585

5,175

3,312

880

673

749

399

227

926

852

520

264

164

2,633

1,669

1,206

aa5

472

4,128

3,609

3,736

2,781

2,413

158

111

123

114

52

295

297

254

165

129

Reproducible best trial

Mean

Standard

Standard error

deviation of the

mean

Milliliters per minute

a,al 9

a,250

7,27a

6,313

5,415

5,a6a

5,7a7

5,0ao

4,596

3,76a

7,776

7,567

6>450

6,003

5,4a6

5,3a6

5,409

4,583

4,008

3,594

a,834

8,519

7,ao5

6,727

6,526

5,993

5,923

5,26a

4,824

3,a80

7,6ao

*a,773

.4,761

7,046

‘5,572

5,979

5,7a7

4,606

“4,053

3,730

1,762

I ,aao

1,965

2,020

2,112

1>150

1,140

1,289

1,351

1,431

1,551

1,722

2,066

1,722

1,700

1,509

1,160

1,355

1,656

I ,01a

1,561

1,710

2,106

1,524

1,a63

1,07a

1,05a

7,1a5

1,264

1,391

1,974

a56

1 ,a77

1,092

2,113

1,840

1,077

1,500

1,573

1,063

145

173

13a

1a5

232

85

8a

97

129

14a

3a5

566

595

435

611

417

213

34a

695

437

252

317

393

324

469

136

I 3a

129

139

171

1,059

3,95a

1,641

826

1,479

94a

35a

5a2

1,149

4aa

—

Nonreproducible best trial

Estimated

population

In

thousands

157

237

631

724

709

1,386

757

1,347

2,152

1,763

96

337

66

100

a4

34a

2a6

401

352

194

24

42

85

111

113

al 2

455

a77

1,137

1,267

56

9

20

13

7

146

64

161

2ao

145

Mean Standard

deviatton

Standard

error

of the

mean

Milliliters per minute

6,924

‘5,41 7

5,790

3,S81

3,731

5,080

4,561

3,655

3,a2a

3,023

●6,779

‘6,1 50

‘5,039

“3,904

*2,a72

4,29a

3,577

3,162

2,515

2.291

“7,251

●9,193

“6,430

“4,553

4,012

5,277

4,549

4,020

3,a28

3, I al

+a,ooo

‘3,471

“5,703

“ 5,341

●2,a31

4,9a6

‘2,372

3,398

2,53o

“2,574

2,336

2,192

2,325

2,287

2,301

1,610

1,494

1,641

I ,75a

1,405

2,564

1,579

997

949

1,592

1,381

1,213

1,450

1,469

1,453

2,632

1,306

1,461

I ,ao4

1,762

1,536

1,551

1,422

1,325

1,511

1aa

1,805

795

1,563

9oa

1,592

1,490

1,512

1,a43

1,514

777

725

394

367

336

2a5

330

185

2,927

3,072

1,309

1,156

a9a

446

529

595

419

567

4,509

7,506

2,135

1,74a

a64

a77

472

428

219

233

5,495

2,834

3rao5

3,a32

2,070

978

1,203

807

524

680

16
Table5. Maximal expiatory flow rate (F EF200.1,200) of white and black adults ages 2&74 years, by best trial status, smoking status,

sex, and aga: United States, 1971-75—Con.

Smokmg status, race, sex, and age

Reproducible best uial I

Nonreproducible best uial

Estirnawc

population

In

thousand!

1,54”

1,97’

2,394

1,97(

1,34

1,45

1,26!

97[

84:

49!

51

4!

18

77

6[

3:

10[

4f

2C

31

6,192

4,29E

4,02C

2,a36

1,052

4,1OC

2,822

2,877

1,551

400

672

517

439

214

115

599

,455

220

79

4

Milliliters per minute I

9,12:

8,80L

7,43!

6,60:

5,45:

5,s

5,771

5,14C

4,671

3,86f

“9,591

‘7,555

6,1 W

6,B2E

6,031

“5,194

“5,976

●5,9a6

“6,1 78

“3,1 11

8,737

7,890

7,027

5,981

4,862

5,944

5,566

4,812

4,140

2.969

7,662

7,309

7,039

5,171

5,163

5,104

5,038

4,262

‘3,352

‘2,943

1,891

1,99[

1 ,85[

1,9s[

2,24(

1,15:

1,02:

1,39E

1,291

1,46:

542

471

1,62S

1,659

1,787

470

423

33C

1,314

645

1,799

1.871

1,943

2,120

1,824

1,218

1,256

1,333

1.421

1,373

1,398

1,818

1,997

1.576

1,323

1,261

1,193

1.096

1,383

373

338

284

2a6

370

239

227

272

314

328

3,731

3,578

1,146

1,62o

1,318

3,480

1,69o

4,004

4,262

1,475

171

257

200

255

265

137

133

15a

265

454

431

693

58o

601

924

331

386

2a9

1,713

2,403

12:

11/

13:

32C

25:

8:

25

66

194

361

410

397

450

1 a7

530

695

243

40

47

4a

87

48

202

205

240

66

47

—

Mean Standard

deviation

Standard

error

of the

mean

Milliliters per minute

“6,31f

“6,724

3,92;

4,66f

5,675

“5,164

“3,503

“5,054

3,265

“7,389

“3,330

‘3,085

“3,628

“2,679

“7,420

“4,598

5,160

“ 3.677

3,181

4,562

4,221

3.228

3;263

1,943

‘5,061

‘4,491

“4,754

‘3,6S4

‘2.605

3,815

3,994

“3,003

* 2,363

●1,392

2,28!

2,251

2,04E

2,57E

911

1,474

1,663

2,52a

1,367

1 ,30B

842

2,123

1,443

2.348

2,533

2,106

1,310

1,273

1,637

1,520

1,369

2,751

728

1,066

418

1,766

982

1>046

1,322

1,391

769

4,001

1,875

961

1,004

535

1,785

965

1,642

5B6

6,033

1.457

2,742

2,962

2,187

2,844

1,213

1,080

1,167

532

545

57a

444

381

444

3,216

3,056

1,492

1,155

1,434

728

692

952

911

747

NOTE: Estimates preceded b} m zterisk do not meet National Center for Health Smtislics standards ofreliabiIitY (that is, thestandard error is greater than 25

percent or the estimate).

17
Table6. Forced expiatory flow rate at 25 percent of forced vital capacity (F EF25%) of white and black adults ages 25-74 years, by

best trial status, smoking status, sex, andaga: United States, 1971-75

Smoking status, rnce, sex, and age

Flepmducible best trial

Estimated

population

in

thousands

10,37:

7,94:

7,62[

5,725

2,677

9,679

7,69G

7,5a5

5,175

3,312

88[

673

749

399

227

926

a52

52a

264

164

2.633

1,669

1,206

aa5

4al

4,126

3,609

3,736

2,761

2,413

16a

111

123

114

52

295

297

254

165

129

mMilliliters per minute

7,762

7,323

6,620

5,991

5,173

5,793

5,619

5,075

4,646

4,227

7,167

7,27a

6,096

5,720

5,703

5,430

5,526

5,022

4,a85

4,123

7,871

7,715

7,262

6,545

6,097

5,652

5,75a

5,252

4,996

4,329

6,a34

‘7,542

●4,743

6,904

6,068

5,721

5,946

5,074

‘4,631

4,419

1,672

1 ,a66

1,693

1,959

2,005

1,073

1,065

1,196

1,169

1,316

1,607

1,475

2,047

1,689

1,495

1,661

1,212

1,379

1,532

1,191

1,513

1,545

1>796

1,5aa

1,951

1,040

952

1,141

1,091

1,304

1,735

1,195

1,595

I ,05a

1 ,a4a

2,0a9

I ,09a

1,361

1,547

992

12:

171

13C

I ai

23C

7:

7:

a4

112

141

364

44E

531

3aE

4BE

43E

29[

368

623

474

235

295

303

372

4a3

124

1Oc

101

122

160

1 ,04E

3,467

1 ,4a2

a32

1,353

I ,04a

407

523

1,244

447

Nonreproduelble best trial

Estimated

population

in

thousands

157

237

666

73a

719

1,366

757

1,352

2,1 a5

1,811

96

137

66

100

84

34a

2a6

407

355

211

24

42

96

111

113

al 2

455

6a3

1,170

1,307

56

9

20

13

7

146

64

167

2a3

I 5a

J- Mean Standard

deviation

Standard

error

of the

me.m

Millilltem per minute

6,552

‘5,431

5,356

3,935

3,ao9

4,969

4,a13

3,964

4,224

3,631

‘7,005

“ 5,636

*5,1 3a

‘4,349

*3,20a

4,342

3,742

3,370

3,45a

2,936

‘7,240

* a,oa4

‘6,434

*4,52a

4,191

4,9ao

4,765

4,420

4,112

3,740

+a,713

*4,0a2

*5,9a5

‘5,212

‘3,004

5,053

*2,232

3,630

3,4a3

3,263

1,774

2,048

2,3a7

2,1 as

2,105

I ,3a4

1,36E

1,635

1 ,a63

1 ,34C

3,16E

417

1,520

76C

1,543

1,315

1,340

1,342

1,295

1,364

1,762

2,557

1,541

1,374

1,45a

1,356

1,603

1,390

1,269

140

ao7

1,491

749

1,323

al 5

1,576

1,260

I ,35a

1,1 a!]

1,3a6

744

726

3ao

31!)

30:2

2a:3

3a7

I a(o

3,322

2,55B

1,442

1,175

a6,5

504

590

4aa

373

476

4,23a

6,601

2,3a9

1 ,a63

610

522

413

435

22a

221

5,alo

3,333

4,043

3,667

2,1517

551

1,0E14

7:13

43a

517

18
Table 5. Maximal expiatory flow rate (F EF200.,,200) of white and black adults ages 25-74 years, by best trial staWs, smoking status,

aex, and age: United States, 1971-75—Con.

Smokmgstatus,race, sex, and age

Reproducible b?st trm[

Est irmred

populatlor

m

thousands

1,.%7

1,977

2,394

1,97C

1,34

1,452

1,26S

97E

843

agg

51

45

187

71

60

32

100

46

20

31

6,192

4,296

4,020

2,836

1,052

4,100

2,822

2,877

1,551

400

672

517

439

214

715

599

455

220

79

4

Mean .Randard

dev!atlon

error

of the

mean

Milliliters per minute

9,123

6,804

7,435

6,607

5,459

5,964

5,771

5,146

4,671

3,86a

●9,591

“7,555

6,180

6,028

6,031

●5,194

‘ 5,976

‘ 5,906

‘6,178

“3,111

a,737

7,890

7,027

5,9al

4,862

5,944

5,566

4,.912

4,148

2,969

7,662

7,309

7,039

5,171

5,163

5,104

5,030

4,262

“3,352

“ 2,943

1,891

1,990

1 ,B56

1,988

2,240

1,153

1,022

1 ,39s

1,297

1,463

542

471

1,629

1,659

1,787

470

423

330

1,314

646

1,799

1,811

1,943

2,120

1,824

1,21B

1,256

1,333

1,421

1.373

1,390

1,s10

1,997

1,576

1,323

1,261

1,193

1.Oea

1,303

37:

33[

2W

26[

37[

23:

22;

27;

314

32E

3,731

3,57E

1,14E

1,62C

1,31E

3,480

1,690

4,004

4,262

7,475

171

257

200

255

265

137

133

t 58

265

454

431

693

580

601

924

331

3s6

269

1,713

2,403

Nonreproducible best trial

Estimated

population

m

lhousands

67

185

203

199

123

114

139

320

253

82

29

18

5

2

66

194

361

410

397

450

187

530

695

243

40

47

46

87

40

202

205

240

6$

47

I+E_EE

Milliliters uer minute

“6,31{

“6,72L

3,92;

4,66[

5,67!

“5,16s

‘3,50

“5,05~

3,26!

‘7,36!

‘3.33(

“3,085

“ 3,62B

‘ 2,679

“7,420

‘ 4,59E

5,160

“ 3,677

3,181

4,562

4,221

3,220

3,263

1,943

“5,061

“4,491

“4,754

“3,6e4

“2,605

3,815

3,994

“3,003

“ 2,363

‘1,392

2,2s!

2,251

2,04f

2,57f

911

1.47~

1 ,6E:

2,52:

1,36i

1,3oE

042

2,123

1,443

2,348

2,533

2,106

1,310

1,273

1,637

1,520

1,369

2,751

728

1,066

416

1,766

982

1,046

1,322

1.391

769

4,001

1,875

961

1,004

535

1,785

965

1,642

586

6,033

1.457

2,142

2,962

2,187

2,E44

1,213

1 ,0s0

1,167

532

545

57a

444

381

444

3,216

3,056

1,492

1,155

1.434

728

692

952

911

747

NoTE: E>lxmatcspreccded b! an a.steri~k do not meet National Center for Ht.lth St~iistlcs standards ufreliabditk {thali~, theshmdarder rorlsgreaterthan25

percent of the e~tirnatc).

17
Table6. Forced aspiratory flow rate et 25 percent of forced vital capacity (F EF25%) of white and black adults ages 25-74 years, by

best trial status, smoking status, sex, and age: United States, 1971-75

Smoking status, race, sex, and age

Reproducible best trial

Estimated

population

in

thousands

10,372

7,942

7,62a

5,729

2,877

9,679

7,699

7,585

5,175

3,312

880

673

749

399

227

926

a52

520

264

164

2,633

1,669

1,206

aas

4al

4,1 2a

3,609

3,736

2,7al

2,413

15a

111

123

114

52

295

297

254

165

129

*

Millilmers Per minute

7,762

7,323

6,620

5,991

5,173

5,793

5,619

5,075

4,64a

4,227

7,167

7,27a

6,09a

5>720

5,703

5,430

5,526

5,022

4,885

4,123

7,871

7,715

7,262

a,545

6,097

5,a52

5,75a

5,252

4,996

4,329

6,a34

‘7S42

‘4,743

6,904

6,06a

5,721

5,946

5,074

+4,a31

4.419

1,672

1,866

1,893

1,959

2,005

1,073

1,065

l,la6

l,la9

1,316

1,607

1,475

2,047

1,6aa

1,495

1,661

1,212

1,379

1,532

I,lal

1,513

1,545

1,796

1,5aa

1,951

1,040

952

1,141

1 ,oal

1,304

1,735

l,la5

1,595

1,05a

1,a4a

2,0a9

1,096

1,361

1,547

992

122

171

130

I a7

230

72

73

84

113

141

364

44a

531

3aa

4aa

43a

2ao

36a

623

474

239

295

303

372

4a3

124

100

101

122

160

I ,04a

3,467

I ,4a2

a32

1,353

1,04a

407

523

1.244

447

:

Nonreproducible best trial

Estimated

population

in

thousands

157

237

666

73a

719

1,3a6

757

1,352

2, I a5

I,all

96

137

66

100

a4

34a

2a6

407

355

211

24

42

96

111

113

al 2

455

6a3

1,170

1,307

56

9

20

13

7

146

64

167

2a3

15a

Mean Standard

deviat,on

Standard

error

of the

mean

6,552

‘5,431

5,356

3,935

3,ao9

4,a69

4,al 3

3,964

4,224

3,631

‘7,005

●5,a36

●5,1 3a

“4,349

*3,20a

4,342

3,742

3,370

3,45a

2,a36

‘7,240

●a,oa4

●6,434

●4,52a

4,1 al

4,9ao

4,765

4,420

4,112

3,740

*a,713

●4,0a2

* 5,aa5

●5,212

“3,004

5,053

*2,232

3,630

3,4a3

3,2a3

Mlllilmws per minute

1,774

2,04a

2,3a7

2,1 a9

2,105

1 ,3a4

1,36a

1,635

1,663

1,340

3>16a

417

1,520

760

1,543

1,315

1,340

1,342

1,295

1,364

1,762

2,557

1,541

1,374

1,45a

1,356

1,603

I ,3ao

1,269

140

ao7

1,491

74a

1,323

al 5

1,576

1,260

1.35a

l,la:3

1,386

74$

726

380

3,9

31J2

2a:3

3a7

I a[z

3,322

2,559

1,442

1,175

am

504

59’0

48a

373

47,6

4823a

6,601

2,389

1,a63

610

522

413

435

22a

221

5,al o

3,3?13

4,043

3,667

2,157

551

1,0E14

7213

43a

517

See note at end of table.

18
Table6. Forced expiratory flow rate at 25 percent of forced vital capacity (F EF25%) of white and black adults ages 25-74 years, by

best trial status, smoking status, sex, and age: United States, 1971 -75–Con.

Smoking status, race. sex, and age

EX-SMOKEHS

White m.des

Reproducible besI trial

Estimated

populaoon

In

thousands

1,547

1.977

2.394

1,970

1,344

1,452

1,269

97.s

543

499

51

45

187

71

60

32

100

46

20

31

6,192

4,296

4,020

2,074

1,052

4,100

2,822

2,B71

1,551

400

672

517

439

214

115

599

455

220

79

4

Mean

Standard

deviamon

Standard

error

of the

mean

Milliliws Der minute

7,95G

7,941

6,735

6,337

5,22E

5,70!

5,675

5,0s4

4.749

4,213

“B,301

“9,056

.6,216

“6,495

6,25C

‘5,558

‘6,395

“6,949

‘6,464

‘ 2,708

7,665

6,EE17

6,356

5,503

4.679

5,765

5,415

4.843

4,636

3,628

7,160

7,066

6,425

4,828

5,252

5,280

5,061

4,55a

“4,590

“5,3ao

1,795

2,057

1,907

l,a31

2,073

1,126

977

1,176

1,05s

1,27a

611

744

l,a19

7,775

1,363

672

557

621

1,666

919

1,69a

1,774

l,a60

2,05a

1,75a

1.oa3

1,20+2

1,233

1,372

7,274

1.569

1,463

2,09a

1,392

1,213

1,424

1,163

l.lza

l,lal

369

325

255

224

347

234

zoa

213

254

294

3,245

4,307

1,2o5

1,637

1,214

3,73a

1,844

4,673

4,52a

1,410

146

226

213

249

273

112

145

153

24a

450

441

526

534

666

739

320

42a

300

1,956

4,401

Nonreproducible best trial

Estimamd

population

in

thousands

67

20E

217

20E

123

114

139

320

253

a2

29

la

5

2

66

194

361

410

397

450

187

530

695

Zw

40

47

46

a7

4a

202

205

240

66

51

Mean Standard

deviation

Standard

error

of the

mean

Milliliters per minute

“5,94a

“ 5,56a

+3,a33

4,619

5,715

● 5,303

“3,572

“ 5,937

3,s89

95,6a5

“3,472

“3,717

“4.924

“3,451

‘6.917

I 4,a56

‘4,946

● 3,a2a

3,275

4,745

4,630

3,4a7

3,624

2,821

“4,602

‘ 5,s45

‘4,775

“4,217

s3,0a2

3,a2a

4,213

“3,1s9

“ 3,230

●l,aaa

1,573

2,357

2,561

2,612

1.oza

1,496

1,729

2$96

1,302

l.lal

970

1,7a2

1,802

2,247

2,097

1,797

1.254

1,243

1.475

1,43a

1,444

3,776

62

1,607

440

l,7a2

1,041

1,137

1.116

1,402

753

3,623

1,607

1,170

941

554

1 ,a26

996

t ,aao

52a

4,642

l,41a

2,572

4.020

z,ala

2,580

1,377

1,030

964

45s

517

604

437

426

4al

3,492

3,a97

1,5s4

1,Zaa

1,539

745

752

aa7

1,005

761

NflTl T.l]m.t.+ prt..l.d b t Jn wtur]sh du nut met Na[wnal Center lur Hulth Statistics standards of reliability (that is, the standard error is greater thm 25

ptirwnt LIi th. L%lim.tc I.

19
Table 7. Forced expiatory flow rate at 50 percent of forced vital capacity (FEF50%) of white and black adults ages 25-74 years, by

best trial status, smoking status, sex, and age: United States, 1971-75

Smoking status, race, sex, and age

Estimated

>opulation

in

thousands

10,372

7,942

7,620

5,729

2,877

9,679

7,699

7,585

5,175

3,312

880

673

749

399

227

926

852

520

264

164

2,633

1,669

1,206

6a5

4a7

4,1 2a

3,609

3,736

2,7a7

2,413

I 5a

111

123

114

52

295

297

254

165

129

Reproducible best trial

Mean Standard

deviation

Standarc

error

of the

mean

Milliliters Derminute

4,767

4,147

3,593

3,102

2,555

3,791

3.550

2,911

2,700

2,352

4,320

4,135

3,446

z,al I

2,677

3,2a9

3,344

2,a32

2,655

2,41 a

4,99a

4,315

3,972

3,735

3,157

3,988

3,713

3,170

2,aa6

2,4o9

4,302

●3,944

●2,543

2,938

●3,474

3,594

3,5a6

z,aoa

2,617

2,729

1.2a4

1,404

1,330

1,405

1,346

I ,ooa

1,067

1,117

1,102

1,056

l,77a

1,301

I ,2a9

916

1,270

1,257

l,la9

1,014

990

1,154

1,255

1,221

I ,2a7

1,216

1,060

965

9a9

1,119

955

992

1,265

a96

1,076

300

1,705

1,312

1,132

929

701

1,046

93

12C

as

112

14:

74

a9

7E

1Oc

113

30C

39!

231

260

452

271

297

235

414

500

179

223

205

26c

238

112

139

12<

101

121

69:

1,85!

a9:

21:

1,19(

a55

35;

2,$

63:

481

Nonreproducible best trial

Estimated

population

in

thousands

157

237

666

73a

719

1,3a6

757

1,352,

2,1a5

l,all

96

137

66

100

84

34a

2a6

407

355

211

24,

42

96

111

113,

I

alzl

455,

6a3

1,170 I

1,307

56

9

20

13

7

146

64

167

2a3

158

Milliliters Der minute

4,290

3,279

2,905

1,960

1 ,95~

3,517

3,291

2,340

2,493

2,092

●4,6a2

“2,099

+3,35a

*7,797

*1 ,747

2,37a

2,5al

2,281

1,626

1,749

●4,262

“4,353

“3,009

“2,566

2,026

3,547

3,245

2,716

2,30a

2,243

●5,625

‘3,062

● 2,a53

●2,626

‘2,901

●3,00E

‘2,041

2,1 a!

7,77?

‘l,97e

1,215

1,22a

1,3al

I ,34a

1,529

1,163

1,449

1,412

1,531

I ,oa9

2,07a

479

1,331

1,124

1,47a

1,347

994

1,223

936

I ,oao

1,169

1,427

1,492

995

1,303

1,390

1,561

1,111

1,096

7aa

125

1,032

65

1,4ao

422

1,015

a43

1 ,oa3

a5a

793

431

3:94

2’79

2[14

3:19

z47

342

14.9

2,270

1,086

1,154

a64

5e4

da!j

41 ‘1

53:2

255

434

2,534.

3,554

1,25a

1,3a5

460

469

4aa

424

202

182

3,al 3

2,500

1,905

1,92a

1,935

a58

a40

4a6

256

504

See note atend of table.

20
Table 7. Forced expiatory flow rate at 50 percent of forced vital capacity (FE F50%) of white and black adults ages 25-74 years, by

best trial status, smoking stetus, sex, and age: Unitad Statesr 1971-75–Con.

Smoking status, race, sex, and age

Reproducible best trial

Eshmated

population

m

thousands

1,547

1,977

2,3S4

1,970

1,344

1,452

1,259

97a

343

499

51

45

187

71

60

32

100

46

20

31

6,192

4,296

4,020

2,874

1,052

4,1 m

2,822

2,871

1,551

400

672

517

439

214

115

599

455

220

79

4

Mean

Standard

Standard error

deviation of the

me.m

Milliliters !aer minute

4,931

4,686

3,749

3,354

2,586

3,674

3,5S8

2,816

2,711

2,384

“4,793

“4,627

3,S42

‘3,672

“2,918

“3,693

“3,659

“4,205

“3,504

“1 ,073

4,628

3,832

3,386

2,734

2,241

3,632

3,325

2,605

2,361

1,965

4,288

4,133

3,531

2,457

2,190

3,117

3,116

2,572

“2,547

“2,695

1,277

1,439

1,418

1,329

1,373

949

1,033

1.091

1.432

1,092

1,158

1,174

1,292

1.153

1,094

82

920

722

380

535

1,279

t ,366

1,249

1,403

1,330

1,037

1,137

1,039

1,062

1,279

1,151

1,371

1,224

834

830

1,229

1,231

927

1,424

243

241

206

190

200

169

256

211

426

261

2,057

2,364

811

1,026

785

2,463

1,206

2.092

2,358

666

120

165

133

140

245

130

140

138

197

417

383

494

245

390

5B3

270

474

276

1.472

2,200

Nonreproducible km trial

Estimated

population

in

thousands

67

208

217

20s

123

114

139

320

253

82

29

18

5

2

66

194

361

410

397

450

187

530

695

250

40

47

46

.s7

48

202

205

240

66

51

I

Standard

Mean Stan&rd error

deviation of the

I

I mean

“4,367

3,368

‘1,355

‘2,S14

3,649

‘3,1 24

“ 2,037

●4,1 63

2,050

● 1,827

‘2,421

“1,687

“2,667

●1,218

“4,222

‘3,047

2,611

●2,117

1,491

3,426

“3,505

1,935

2,038

1,342

*3,353

“2,391

*3,574

“1,671

“1,171

“1,924

2,826

● 2,362

“91 3

“1,062

1,328

1,292

967

1,952

1,253

1,301

1,141

2,411

986

1,726

1a9

1,102

1,237

1,341

1,362

1,1 5a

al I

1,639

1,109

1,031

799

2,551

532

1,53a

I ,oaz

1,106

1,025

1,050

1,342

9al

740

2,710

ala

490

722

66a

l,16a

664

1,5a2

427

1,492

1,669

1,129

2,1 7a

994

1,544

916

612

550

319

295

927

314

278

204

2,496

1,655

1,4a9

1,034

702

61a

619

912

671

590

NOTE: Estimates preceded by an asterisk do not meet National Center fm Health Statistics standards of reliability (that is, the standard error is greater than 25

percent of the estimnte).

21
Table 8. Maximal mid-expiratory flow rate (FE F25.75%) of white and black adults ages 25-74 years, by best trial status, smc)king

status, sex, and age: United States, 1971-75

Smoking status, rata, sex, and age Estimated

population

in

10,372

7,942

7,620

5,729

2,a77

9,679

7,699

7,585

5,175

3,312

880

673

749

399

227

926

852

520

264

164

2,633

1,669

1,206

885

487

4,128

3,6o9

3,736

2,781

2,413

I 5a

111

123

114

52

295

297

254

165

129

Reproducible best trial

+!!.!EE Milliliters oer minute

4,092

3,3B0

2,852

2,350

1,083

3,233

2,852

2,341

2,o33

1,762

3,642

3,234

2,724

2,164

1,965

2,831

2,552

2,104

1,a84

1,803

4,357

3,501

3,198

2,730

2,314

3,362

2,973

2,572

2,164

1,eo5

3,490

“3,375

‘2,061

2,556

‘2,624

3,076

2,727

2,032

2,057

1,917

1,089

1,130

1,097

9a7

891

B49

775

745

713

690

1,053

1,005

1,050

786

a99

1,025

709

722

602

590

1,ooa

911

1,021

763

827

822

727

703

663

610

996

775

903

509

1,220

1,042

592

741

569

592

78

95

7a

72

96

62

61

53

64

77

280

304

202

232

301

235

1.s8

I a8

244

235

146

163

167

163

175

84

93

66

74

ao

562

1,619

737

364

a76

527

I a7

276

498

253

~

Nonreproducible best trial

Estimated

population

in

thousands

157

237

66E

73E

71$

,386

757

,352

.186

l:all

96

137

66

100

a4

348

2a6

407

355

211

24

42

96

111

113

812

455

6a3

1,170

1,307

56

9

20

13

7

146

64

167

283

15s

Hi

Milliliters per rni”ute

3,612

“2,51 1

2,287

1,515

1,479

2,938

2,716

1,773

1 ,a93

1,519

*4,1 61

“1,709

‘ 2,277

“1,359

“1,357

1,957

2,223

1,631

1,2a2

1,346

“3,692

“3,165

“2,779

‘2,125

*1 ,758

2,975

2,590

2,059

1,786

1 ,s40

‘ 5,494

‘2,073

“2,192

“1,811

‘1 ,BOI

●2,27a

“2,202

1,386

1,423

1,438

1,091

1,043

1,102

BB6

1,151

1,127

1,223

937

1,165

801

2,110

377

1,033

700

856

947

601

azz

80B

757

846

1,293

1,117

1,081

1,140

1,162

1,044

765

824

521

156

832

24

971

525

488

779

797

743

69o

326

250

195

260

310

163

279

105

2,220

B69

747

555

3aa

410

235

375

233

2a8

2,135

2,584

1,158

1,112

464

4oa

386

292

122

127

3,691

1,693

1,466

1,373

1,201

63o

947

234

252

348

22
.

Table 8. Maximal mid-aspiratory flow rate (F EF25.75%) of white and black adults ages 25-74 years, by best trial status, smoking

status, sex, and age: United States, 1971-75–Con.

Smoking status, race, sex, and age

Reproducible besr trial

Estimated

>opulalion

In

thousands

1,547

1,977

2,394

1,970

1,344

1,452

1,269

978

843

499

51

45

187

77

60

32

100

46

20

31

6,192

4,296

4,020

2.a74

1,052

4>100

2,a22

2,a71

1,551

400

672

517

439

214

115

599

455

220

79

4

Milliliters oer minute

4,246

3,a60

3,038

2,526

1,8a2

3,222

2,945

2,270

2,00s

1.728

“4,040

●4,1 55

3,10a

“2,619

‘2,184

I

‘3.292

‘2, a63

●2,693

●2,4a7

●1,365

3,940

3,112

2,637

2,111

1,687

3,107

2,654

2,066

1,813

1.545

3,a4a

3,124

2,747

1,ao3

1,552

2,686

2.36a

2,062

“1 ,363

●1 ,50a

1,067

1,260

1,179

947

916

80S

762

714

a57

723

1,154

714

1,133

827

867

34

572

158

324

353

1,100

1,061

1,019

1,014

815

a72

800

7oa

654

995

1,050

1,026

956

713

367

1,013

752

715

2s4

217

202

15a

121

136

153

169

149

260

182

l,a13

2,040

677

722

606

2,195

901

1,aoz

1.680

702

105

133

117

102

145

111

a9

aa

115

340

349

366

214

352

220

252

29a

252

572

1,231

Nonre!moductble besr trial

Est!mated

population

in

rhousands

67

zoa

217

zoa

123

114

139

320

253

az

29

18

5

2

66

194

361

410

397

450

1 a7

530

695

250

40

47

46

a7

48

202

205

240

66

51

Standard

Mean Standard error

deviation of the

I I mean

Milliliters per minute

3,635

‘ 2,48a

1,212

1,877

=3,10a

“2,604

“1,575

●3,232

1,430

“1,512

‘ 1,496

“I,aao

“ 1,494

-894

●3,559

“2,370

2,040

1,511

1,191

2,e24

3,090

1,457

1,452

970

●2,2a4

“l,9a6

“2,314

“1,290

‘ 1,208

“1,725

2,26o

●l,ao2

’664

‘1 .076

1,311

1,090

704

1,30a

1,541

1,031

776

1,966

693

735

2a4

906

1,100

979

815

990

942

l,3a7

679

680

471

2,o77

49a

1,228

650

945

a57

633

954

65a

541

2,331

641

312

469

794

951

4a9

1,312

271

1,235

759

1,269

1,220

730

1,302

800

411

315

247

334

837

194

199

135

1,955

1,3a8

944

638

639

549

397

670

442

490

NOTE: Estimates preceded by an asterisk do not meet National Cenkr for H.alth statisticsstand~rds OfreIiability (thatis.thestandarderrOrismeaterth~n25

percent of the estimate).

23
Table9. Forced expiratory flow rate at 75 percent of forced vital capacity (FE F75%) of white and black adults ages 25-74 years, lby

best trial status, smoking status, sex, and age: United States, 1971-75

Smoking status, race, sex, and age Estimated

populatlor

In

thousands

10,37:

7,94;

7,62C

5,725

2,877

9,67S

7,695

7,585

5,175

3,312

880

673

749

399

227

926

852

520

264

164

2,633

1,669

1,206

885

481

4,128

3,6o9

3,736

2,781

2,413

158

111

123

114

52

295

297

25+

165

129

Reproducible best trial mMilliliters per minute

1,839

1,343

1,030

788

567

1,482

1,118

849

621

573

1,650

1,186

1,024

695

560

1,149

926

5H3

’600

“470

2,065

1,47a

1,104

976

795

1,592

1,1s4

999

661

570

1,490

“ 1,564

“630

885

“a73

1,29o

936

“ 528

’63o

“485

680

710

639

539

493

688

492

562

505

53a

616

751

750

473

423

666

365

419

434

316

649

a43

664

611

4oa

69o

456

620

449

464

69a

621

477

165

5aa

595

344

401

310

317

54

6C

51

41

52

52

31

4a

4a

57

170

222

117

166

141

165

a2

109

203

lla

99

191

103

I oa

95

a9

49

75

51

56

333

856

3oa

132

401

2a4

142

157

19a

132

Estirmted

population

in

15;

23;

66f

73E

715

I ,3af

757

1,35:

z,la!

1,al I

9E

137

6E

1Oc

a4

34e

286

407

355

211

24

42

96

111

113

al 2

455

683

1,170

1,307

56

9

20

13

7

146

64

167

2a3

I 5a

Nonreproducible best trial

H:

Milliliters per minute

●1,546

*a59

“977

“724

702

1,411

1,294

593

68a

647

● 2,0s4

“537

●I ,oaa

“1 ,326

●45a

95a

1,030

* 749

“732

*57a

“1,361

*622

“1,164

“961

’931

1,294

T,22a

“726

661

69a

‘2,6a2

“204

●9a2

●723

“47a

●l,32a

‘1,344

“551

●63a

%67

626

a3a

ala

767

721

838

1,065

673

719

707

a45

2a4

I ,09a

552

512

764

5oa

B6a

674

553

100

746

587

649

a47

917

662

602

704

440

103

473

150

7a9

716

I ,05a

450

555

408

569

253

‘1a6

‘162

“Ia9

299

114

?160

84

93a

:171

690

590

:!21

2’23

151

225

23a

263

744

508

695

!133

326

2’79

z’7a

187

118

93

1,829

167

660

6oa

357

3,77

179

447

174

303

24
Table9. Forced expiratory flow rate at 75 parcent of forced vital capacity (FE F75%] of white and black edults ages 25-74 years, by

best trial status, smoking status, sex, and age: United Stetes, 1971-75-Con.

Smoking status. race, sex, and age

Reproducible test trial

Estimated

papularion

in

thousands

1,547

1,977

2,394

1.970

1 ,34A

1,452

1,269

978

843

499

51

45

187

71

60

32

100

46

20

31

6,192

4,296

4,020

2,874

1,052

4.100

2,822

2,871

1,551

400

672

517

439

214

115

599

455

220

79

4

MMilliliters per minute

1.889

1,582

1.145

804

594

1,480

1,225

734

“638

57a

“2,020

“ 1,605

“1,194

“736

“449

“9B2

“91 o

“791

“718

“470

1,730

1.180

915

719

428

1,373

985

693

541

’588

1,659

“1 ,068

1,062

“ 579

476

1,089

923

“602

’507

0

600

708

669

444

517

616

536

378

694

481

963

549

629

323

436

204

29o

78

185

28o

66B

604

586

560

452

692

486

477

468

901

544

752

828

579

199

702

393

465

640

154

126

so

52

65

103

98

77

211

141

1,077

852

321

283

\

310

672

326

533

503

316

73

69

70

60

87

96

51

60

82

280

196

272

193

297

119

223

128

187

477

0

iN

Estimated

mpulation

in

thousands

67

208

217

200

123

114

139

320

253

82

29

18

5

2

66

194

361

410

397

45a

187

530

.{ 695

250

4C

47

46

87

4a

202

205

24c

66

51

reproducible test trial

I I Standard

Mean Standard

deviation

error

of the

mean

Milliliters per minute

“ 1,797

91,292

“387

“767

1,945

“581

‘ 560

“1,268

“661

“609

’475

“1,350

o

0

‘1,359

“91O

“746

●838

“602

1,476

‘1>889

+430

468

“3&l

‘ 1,243

“476

“1,148

‘1,419

’446

“690

905

’887

“1,190

“321

852

1,109

355

717

939

691

586

1,170

765

478

92

281

916

506

899

723

719

1,253

672

425

578

487

450

1,307

503

564

621

381

671

1,130

458

1,253

612

148

253

482

374

332

775

333

497

406

902

0

0

491

601

222

330

259

262

789

178

103

181

690

493

869

649

319

383

213

439

767

329

NOTE: Estimates preceded by m asterisk do not meet National Center for Health Statistics standards ofreliability (that is, thestandard error isweaterthan25

percent of the estimate).
APPENDIXES

CONTENTS 

I. Statistical Notes ..,... ......................................................... ..............................................................

Survey Desi~ . ....... .................... ................................................................ ................ ...............

Reliabihty of Estimates .... .......... ...................................................................... ..... ................. ...

IL Definition of Demo~phic Terns ............................................................................................ .. ....

Ill Definition of Spirometric Terns ............ ......... ...................................... .........................................

lV. Data Reduction and Parameter Generation .......................................... ..........................................

V. Technician Training and Qudlty Control .................... ................................................... ................

Technician Ttining .............. .... ............................. ... ............... .................................................

Quality Control and Technician Retrtiting ...................... ............... ....................................... ...

VI. Data Tape Summ~ ..... ......................................................... .......... ...... ................ ...... .... ...............

LIST OF APPENDIX TABLES

I. Number of examined persons in the NHANES I detailed 100-location design and estimated

number of persons in the U.S. population as of Febmary 1974, by race, sex, and age: NHANES I,

1971-75 ............ ............... ...................................... .......... ............... ................................................

11. Number of white and black adults ages 25-74 years in sample, and number and percent of Forced

Expiatory Spirogmms, by race, sex, and age: NHANES I, 1971.75 ................ ...................... ......... .

IIL Procedural error codes and their definitions .................................................... ....... ... .....................

.

27

27

28

30

31

33

34

34

34

35

28

29

31

26
APPENDIX I

STATISTICAL NOTES

Survey Design

The sample desiugn for the first National

Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

(NHA.NES I) in April 1971-June 1974 was basically a three-stage, stratified, probability sample

of loose clusters of persons living in land-based

segments. The sample was designed to represent

the civilian noninstitutionalized population, ages

1-74 years, living within the coterminous

United States, with the exception that all persons residing upon reservation lands set aside for

the use of American Indians would be excluded.

The subsample of adults ages 25-74 years who

received the detailed medical examination in

addition to the more general nutrition examination was chosen systematically after a random

start. This group constituted one-fifth of the

total sample of adults ages 25-74 years in the

first 65 NIL4NES I locations. The detailed examination part of the program was extended

from July 1974 to October 1975 as the

NHANES I Augmentation Survey to provide a

larger sample and hence more reliable national

estimates for this part of the program.

At the first stage of the design 100 primary

sampling units (PSU’S) were selected with probability proportional to size from the approximately 1,900 PSU’S into which the United States

has been divided by the U.S. Bureau of the

. Census. (Ten PSU’S were selected into the sampIe

twice, so that in fact there were only 90 distinct

PSU’S selected.) A PSU consists of a county, a

small group of conti~ous counties, or a standard metropolitan statistical area. Before selecting

the 100 PSU’S for incIusion in NHANES I, the

approximately 1,900 PSU’S were first grouped

into 40 strata of which 15 contained only 1

PSU, comprising a single large metropolitan area

with a population of more than 2 million. AU 15

of the largest PSU’S and 3 PSU’S from each of

the other 25 were selected.

At the second stage of the design a sample of

segments, consisting of approximately six households each, was systematically selected within

each selected PSU. Although 1970 census data

were used as the frame for sampling within

PSU’S when they became available, the calendar

of operations required that 1960 census data be

used for the first 44 selected PSU’S. Generally,

the following three types of segments were used:

1.

2.

3.

At

Segments from the census listing books

that were created in taking the population census.

Area segments that are defined geographically.

Permit segments, using updated lists of

building pen-nits issued in sample PSU’S

since January 1970.

the third stage of sampling a list of all

eligible persons was ‘made wit-fin ;ach seIected

segment. From this list, persons were systematically selected for inclusion in NHANES L

The selection of PSU’S for the Augmentation

Survey was done by the same process used

earlier at the beginning of NHANES I, which has

been described earlier. The final stages of sampling for the NHANES I Augmentation Survey

involved the random selection of one of every

two adults ages 25-74 years who were eligible

for the sample.

A more complete description of the survey

design is available elsewhere. 1~z

NOTE: A list of references follows the text.

27
Because the design of NHANES I is a multistage probability sample, it is necessary to use

complex procedures in the derivation of estimates. Three basic operations are involved:

Injlation by the reciprocal of the probability

of selection. —The probability of selection is the

product of the probabilities of selection from

each step of selection in the design (PSU, segment, and sample person).

iVonresponse ad@tment.-The estimates are

inflated by a multiplication factor calculated

within each PSU for each of five selected income

groups. The numerator of these factors consists

of the sum of weights for sample persons resulting from the reciprocal of the probability of selection, and the denominator consists of the

weights for examined persons resulting from the

reciprocal of the probability of selection.

Poststratification by age-sex-race. –The estimates are ratio adjusted within each of 60 agesex-race cells to an independent estimate, provided by the U.S. Bureau of the Census, of the

population of each cell as of the midpoint of the

survey. The effect of the ratio-estimating process

is to make the sample more closely representative of the civilian noninstitutionalized population by age, sex, and race, which thereby reduces

sampling variance.

The U.S. population estimates at the midpoint of the survey period and the size of the

examined sample are presented in table I. The

number and percent of acceptable Forced Expiatory Spirograms by race, sex, and age are

included in table II.

Reliability of Estimates 

Because the statistics presented in the text

and detailed tables of ‘this report are national

estimates based m a sample, they will differ 

somewhat from the figures that would have been

obtained if the survey had been conducted o:n

the complete population. In other words, the

statistics are subject to sampling variability.

The standard error is primarily a measure of

sampling variability, but may also include part

of the variation that arises in the measurement

process. The standard errors presented in tables

1-9 have been calculated by a balanced repeated

replication technique. 12 The need for this specialized technique for estimating standard errors

arises because of the complexity of th(e

NHANES I sample design. It must be noted that

estimates of standard errors are themselves subject to errors that maybe large if the number of

cases on which the estimates are based is small.

Table 1. Number of examined persons in the NHANES I detailed 100-locat[on design and estimated number of persons in the U.S.

Age

Total .....

25-34 years ...........

35-4-4 years ...........

45-54 years ...........

50-&l years ...........

55-64 years ...........

65-74years ...........

population as of February 1974, by sex, race, and age: NHANES 1, 1971-75

Sex Race sax Race

Total Totjd

Male Female White Black Male Female White Black

Number of examined parsons Estimated numbar of persons in U.S. population

6,913 3,171 3,742 5,968 873 106,639,033 50,586,997 !56,052,036 94,8B5,892 10,656,166

1,563 672 S91 1,362 175 28,296,796 13,663,092 14,633,704 24,835,350 3,039,000

1,216 528 680 1,048 149 22,302,278 10,761,322 11,540,956 19,582,183 2,415,030

1,613 748 867 1,396 206 23,548,824 11,288,375 12S0,449 21,053,345 2,357,701

al 1 375 436 707 98 11,812,931 5,733,376 6,079,555 10,717.541 1,042,219 

1,28a 626 662 1,118 161 19,345,852 9,191,996 10,153,856 17S00,480 1,674,111

1,233 599 634 1,044 182 13,145,283 5,582,212 7,463,07‘1 11,914,534 1,170,344

NOTE: The numbers in this table constitute estimates and closely approximate the U.S. population as estimated by the U.S. @ureau of the

Census as of February 1, 1974.

28
Table 11. Number of white and black adults ages 25-74 years in sample. and number and percent of Forced Expiatory Spirograms, by

race, sex, and age: NHANES 1, 1971-75

Race, sex, and age

White males

25-34 years ..... ...... ................................................. .........

, 3544 years .... ............... .................... ..............................

45-54 years .....................................................................

55-64 years ...................................................... ...............

65-74 years ............................................................... ......

White females

25-34 years ............. ........................................................

3544 years ..................... ........................................... .....

45-54 years .......................................... ..................... ......

55-84 years ...........................................l .............l ...........

65-74 years ............................................ .........................

Black males

25-34 years .. .................................................. .................

35-44 years ..................................... .. ..............................

45-54 years ....................... ......... .................... .................

55-64 years .....................................................................

65-74 years ................... ................... .. .............................

Black females

25-34 years ........... ..........................................................

3544 years .... ..................................................u..............

45-54 years ................................................................. ....

55-64 years .....................................................................

65-74 years ... .. .............................................................. .

Number

in

sample

587

469

642

544

502

775

579

754

574

542

72

52

99

76

91

103

97

107

85

91

Reproducible and

nonreproducible

best trials

Number

527

410

525

422

345

682

500

626

456

404

52

39

65

44

48

79

79

76

54

52

Percent

89.8

87.4

81.8

77.6

68.7

88.0

86.4

83.0

79.4

74.5

72.2

75.0

65.7

57.9

52.7

76.7

81.4

71.0

63.5

57.7

Reproducible

best trials

Number

516

400

486

380

271

609

450

531

327

258

47

35

55

35

30

55

58

47

21

24

Percent

87.9

85.3

75.7

68.9

54.0

78.6

77.7

70.4

57.0

47.6

65.3

67.3

55.6

46.1

33.0

53.4

59.8

43.9

24.7

26.4

Nonreproducible

best trials

Numbr

11

10

39

42

74

73

50

95

129

146

5

4

10

9

18

24

21

29

33

28

1.9

2.1

6.1

7.7

14.7

9.4

8,6

12.6

22.5

26.9

6.9

7.7

10.1

11.8

19.B

23.3

21.6

27.1

38.8

30.8

000

29
APPENDIX II

DEFINITION OF DEMOGRAPHIC TERMS

Age.–Two ages were recorded for each examinee: Age at last birthday at the time of the

examination and age at the time of the census

interview. The age criterion for inclusion in the

survey sample was defined as age at time of

census interview. The adjustment and weighting

procedures used to produce national estimates

were based on the age at interview. Data in the

detailed tables and text of the report are shown

by age at the time of the examination, except

that those few who became 75 years by the time

of the examination are included in the 65-74-

year age group.

Race. –Race was recorded as “white,’”

“black,” or “other. “ “Other” includes Japanese,,

Chinese, American Indian, Korean, Eskimo, ancl

all races other than white and black. Mexicans

were included with “white” unless definitely

known to be American Indian or of another

race. Blacks and persons of mixed black andl

other parentage were recorded as “black.” When

a person was uncertain about his or her race, the

race of the father was recorded.

000

30
APPENDIX Ill

DEFINITION OF SPIROMETRIC TERMS

Acceptability. –A trial is judged acceptable if

it is free of procedural errors, that is, errors

caused by incorrect execution of the FES

maneuver (see table III). A subject is determined

to have performed an acceptable test if at least

two trials are reproducible and free of procedural errors.

Best triaL-An examinee’s best trial is that

one of all reproducible acceptable trials that

demonstrates the highest summed FVC and

FEV1.0. If reproducibility is not established, the

acceptable trial with the highest summed FVC

and FEV1. ~ is chosen, and the trial is described

as “nonreproducible best. ”

Zero time. –The point on the time axis of

the time-volume tracing that defines the beginning of the FES.

EOT. –End of trial, the point at which expiration ceased.

BTPS. –Body temperature and pressure,

saturated with water vapor. A factor used to

convert observed volumes to standard conditions.

FEF25%, FEF50%, FEF75%. –The instantaneous forced expiatory flow rate at the indicated

percent of FVC.

F73S.-Forced Expiatory Spirogram.

FE VI, o.–Forced expiatory volume at 1 second, the amount of gas expired by the end of

the first second of expiration.

FE VI.o/F VC. –The proportion of FVC that

is expired in the first second of effort, expressed

as a percent.

Code

o.................

1.................

2 .................

3 .................

4 .................

5 .................

6 .................

7.., ..............

8 .... .............

Table 1I 1. Procedural error codes and their definitions

Definition

No violations.

Onset of volume cunre occurred less than 0.15 second after the beginning of the record (short baseline).

End of trial (EOT) not identified in the 9.18-second record (premature termination bv recorder).

A volume increment of less than 4 percent between 0.5 and 1 second after the onset of the curve, or an increment of less

than 4 percent between 1 and 2 seconds (midtrial premature termination by subjact).

Occurrence of a negative flow followed by a post-EOT positive flow in excess of 50 milliliters per second over any 0.50-

second intarval following EOT (inhalation artifact).

Peak flow greater than 3 standard deviation units above subject’s predicted peak flow (Venturi artifact).

Computed FVC less than 0.2 liter (invalid trial).

Post-peak flow but pre-EOT signal that shows a marked decrease (25 percent of peak flow} in flow for a time interval of

0.10 second or more and followed by a marked increase (25 percent of peak flow) in flow (hesitation artifact].

The 0.50 second of a trial after EOT has a slope in excess of 50 milliliters per second (premature termination at end of

trial by subject).

31
FVC. –Forced vital capacity, the total ex- ducible if (1) the FVC’S are within 5 percent for

pired volume. FVC’S over 3 liters (1) or within 10 percent for

A4MEF. -Maximal mid-expiratory flow rate, FVC’S under 3 1, and (2) if the flow-volume

the averaged rate of expiration between 25 and curves, as shown on the oscilloscope, demon75 percent of FVC. strate similar morphologies.

MEFR. –Maximal expiatory flow rate, the Smoking status. –(l ) Smoker: one who currently smokes cigarettes, averaged rate of expiration between 200 and cigars, or pipes,

1,200 milliliters of volume expired. (2) nonsmoker: one who has never smoked more

than 100 cigarettes, 50 cigars, or 3 pouches of

Peak flozu. -Peak instantaneous flow rate. tobacco, and (3) ex-smoker: one who has

Reproducibility .–Trials are termed repro- smoked in the past but does not smoke now.

000

32
APPENDIX IV

DATA REDUCTION AND PARAMETER GENERATION

A unique but generalizable series of computer programs was written to assist in the

generation of spirometric parameters from the

digitized signal collected for each Forced Expiatory Spirogram ( FES) trial. The programs were

designed to be run on the IBM 370/158 computer used by the National Center for Health

Statistics and are specific to the data formats

and lengths used by the Division of Health Examination Statistics data collection equipment

and media. Only a few relatively simple modifications are required to adapt the programs to

other systems. An indepth description of the

processes and programs can be found elsewhere.4

The data reduction was a multistep operation that involved a number of programs and

processes. At each step, intermediate results

were checked to verify the particular process

being implemented. The steps included: (1) altering the bit structure of the collected data

words to conform to the IBNi 16-bit format;

(2) ewduating and altering each trial to delete

records of incorrect length and to eliminate

spurious elect ronic “noise”; (3) correcting erroNOTE: A list of references follows the text.

neous trial identification information; (4) adjusting the data in each trial to compensate

for electronic variabilityy between spirometers;

(5) adjusting the data in each trial from atmospheric temperature and pressure, saturated with

water vapor (ATPS) to body temperature and

pressure, saturated with water vapor (BTPS);

and (6) performing 5-point averaging of the incoming signal to arrive at a trial of 918 data

points, which represented a sampling rate of

100 per second. This processing resulted in

30,564 trials representing 5,544 subjects,

The 55 parameters (listed in appendix VI)

were generated for each of the trials if they were

free of procedural errors (see table IH). Zero

time, the time expiatory effort is said to have

begun, is determined by a triangular backextrapolation from the time of peak flow; endof-trial time is defined as the maximum volume

preceding the first negative flow after the first

O.1-second plateau of volume data. Once these

two points are established, the other parameters

are calculated. AN flows after 75 percent of

volume is expired are set to an “unknown” code

(to indicate the unreliability of these measures),

as are any parameters occurring after the end of

trial (for example, flow at 6 liters for a trial of

less than 6 liters).

000

33
TECHNICIAN

Quality control and technician

APPENDIX V

TRAINING AND QUALITY

training and

retraining” were intrinsic parts of the spirometric

testing conducted during the first National

Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

(NHANES 1). Several formal and informal procedures were adopted to ensure the highest possible data quality and technician performance

levels. In general, these efforts were initiated and

controlled by the Medical Advisor of the Division of Health Examination Statistics.

Technician Training

Before the survey began, all the Health Technicians participanted in intensive 2- or 3-day

seminars designed to familiarize them with the

NHANES I electronic data collection and recording systems, which were markedly different

from those employed in the previous survey, and

to educate them in the psychology, physiology,

and physics of spirometnc performance. AIthough many of the Health Technicians were

qualified X-ray technologists, few had extensive

spirometric testing experience. The seminars

combined classroom instruction and practical

training, using both experienced and inexperienced subjects. In most cases a physician knowledgeable in pulmonary function conducted the

training. In other instances the training was conducted by an epidemiologist with extensive spirometric testing experience.

Quality Control and

Technician Retraining

Quality control of NHANES 1 spirometry

data was a sequential, iterative process involving

five reviews of hard-copy Forced Expiatory

Spirogram (FES) tracings and progressively summarized reports,

CONTROL

resulting in technician retraining when necessary. Also, an expert spirometrist

made periodic field visits to observe technician

and system performance and to provide retraining if deemed necessary.

At regular intervals during field-site data collection, the Chief Technician would review all

the paper tracings made for each FES. In particular, he or she would look for indications of

errors in test administration that indicated some

lack of understanding or motivation on the part

of the Health Technician. After attempting to,

remedy any problems, he or she would send the

tracings to headquarters along with a summary

report. At headquarters, the Supervisory Technician would review the tracings according to

the same objectives, and a summary report for

the site would be transmitted to the medical

officer. The tracings were also reviewed by the

Division of Health Examination Statistics Biomedical Engineer in order to detect any equipment problems. After review by the medical

officer, the reports and a sample of indicative

tracings were sent to the spirometric consultant

for review and comment. The consultant then

communicated to the field staff any criticisms,

compliments, or suggestions.

During field visits the spirometric consultant

observed each technician’s performance and, if

necessary, corrected any procedural errors that

had developed since the previous visit. Usually

some time was spent discussing spirometric function with the technicians as a group, after which

a sample of tracings was reviewed to point out

to the technicians ways of detecting their own

errors and improving overall performance. Also,

any newly hired technicians received the basic

training necessary for correctly administering

the FES.

0

34

0 0
APPENDIX VI

DATA TAPE SUMMARY

SUMMARY OF SPIROMETRY MICRODATA TAPE (NHANES I CATALOG NO. 4250)

Tape

position

Catalog number 4250 ......................................................................... ............................................................................................... 201

Technician number ............ ................ .......................................... .......................... .......................................................................... 215

Reliability code ....................... ...... ............... ...... ........... ...................... ................... .. .... ........... .......................................................... 217

Trial number ................................................ ........... .............. ........ ............ ... ..................................................................................... 218

Time of 0.2 liter volume ...................................................... .... .......................... ... ............................................................................ 226

Flow atO.2 liter volume ............................... .................... .......................................... .. .................................................................... 231

Volume at 0.25second ..... ....................................................................... ..... .... ................................................................................ 236

Flow at 0.25second ............................... ........ .................... .............................. ...... ...... .............. ...................................................... 241

Time of peak flow . ........................ .............................................................................. ...... .... ........................................................... 246

Volume at peak flow ............... ..... ..................... ....... .............. ..... ............. .......... .................... .......................................................... 251

Peak flow mte .................. ....................... ............ ................................................... .......................................................................... 256

Time of 1.0 Iiter volume ............................................... ...... .................. ........ ................ .... ................ ............ ..... ........... ........... ......... 261

F[ow at 1.0 liter volume ............................. .......... .. ................................................ ...................... ....... ............................................. 266

Volume at 0.50second ...... ......................... ...................... ............ ..... ............ ............... .................................................................... 271

Flow at 0.50 second ................ ................................................ ............................... .......................................................................... 276

Volume at (time of peak flow +O.l Osecond) ....... ...... ...................................... .................... ...... ............... ....... ..... .......................... 281

Flow at (time of peak flow +O.l Osecond) ........ .... ............. ........... ........................................ ........ ............... .. ........ .......................... 286

Time of 1.2 liters volume ... ................................. ........ ........ .. ................ .. .................... ..................................................................... 291

Flow at 1,2 liters volume .................. ...... .......... ........................................................ ....................................................................... 296

Volume at 0.75second ...................................... ...... .......................... ................. ..... .................... ..................................................... 301

Flow at 0.75second ................................ ................................ ..... .................................................................................................... 306

Volume at (time of peak flow+ 0.50second) ............................................... ........................................... .............. ........................... 311

Flow at (time of peak flow +0.50second) ................... ..... ...................... ...... .............. .. .. .. ........... ........ ... ......................................... 316

Time of 2.0 liters volume ......................................... ............................... .. ................................ .......... ............................................... 321

Flow at 2. O liters volume ........................................................ ............ ...... .................... ....... ..... ......................................................... 326

Volume at l.Osecond ..................... ............... ........................... ................ .......... ...................... ......................................................... 331

Flow at l. Osecond ............ ............................................................ ............................ ........................................................................ 336

Volume at (time of peak flow +l.Osecond) ........................................ ......... ................................ ........ ............ ...... .......................... 34I

Flow at (time of peak flow+ l.Osecond) ..... .. ............. ............. ............. ............................ ..... .. ................. .............. ......................... 346

Time of3.0 liters volume ............... ..................... ................. ....... .................... .......................... .......... ............................................... 35I

Flow at 3.0 liters volume ..................................................................................................... ............... ............................................... 356

Volume at 2.0 seconds .. ................ .............................. ...................................... ........ ........................ ................................................ 361

Flow at 2. Oseconds .................. ..... ..................... ...... .......... ..... ...... .................................................................................................... 366

Volume at (time ofpeakflow +2. Oseconds) ........................................................................ .............. ... ........................................... 371

Flow at (time of peak flow+ 2. Oseconds) .............. ..................... ..... ................ ............ .................... ..... ........................................... 376

Time of4.0 liters volume ..... .............................................. ............ ............................... ............. ... ..................................................... 381

Flow at4.0 liters volume ........ ....... ...... ......... ................................................ ............. .................... .................................................... 386

35
,

Tape /

/

posi;on

Volume at 3. O seconds .................................... ........................................ .................................... ............j ............. ........ .................... 391

Flow at 3. Oseconds ................. .......................................................................................................................................................... 396

Volume at(time ofpeakflow +3. Oseconds) ....... .......................................... .......... .......................................... ...... .......................... 401

Flow at(time ofpeakflow +3. Oseconds) ..... .......................................... ........ ................... ....... ........................ ................................- 406

Time of 5. O liters volume ......................... ................................. ......................................................................................................... 411

Flow at 5. O liters volume ................... .......................... .................. ...................... ................ .............................................................. 416

Volume at4.0seconds ....... .....~ ........... .......... ...................................................... .................... .......... ................................................ 421

Flow at4.0seconds .................................................................. ............................... .................. ........................................................ 426

Volume at (time ofpeakflow +4. Oseconds) ..... ................ ................. ............... ............................................................................... 431

Flow at (time of peak flow +4. Oseconds) .. ........ ................ .. .............. .......... .......................... ...................... .......... .......................... 436

Time of 6. O liters volume ............................................................... ......... ........................................................................................... 441

Flow at 6. O liters volume ......................... .................................. ............... ................ ................. ........................................................ 446

Time of 25 percent of FVC .......................................... ................................................. .......... .......... ................................................ 451

Flow at25 percent of FVC ............. ................ ........................ ................................. ................. ......... ................................................ 456

Time of 50 percentof FVC ...... ................................ ................................................... ...................................................................... 461

Flow at50percent of FVC .................................................s ......................................... ...................... .............................................. 466

Forced vital capacity ....................................... ...................................... ............................................................................................. 471

Mid-expiratory flow rate ............................ ............... ................ ................................... ...... ....... .. ........ ............................................... 476

Maximal mid-expiratory flow rate, ............................ .......... ........ ........................ .......... ........................ ........ .......... ............... ........... 481

Time of 75 percent of FVC ............................................ ............................................... .................................................................... 486

Flow at 75 percent of FVC ............................................................................................................................................................... 491

Timeof FVC .. ............ ........................................ .. ...... .......... ...... ........ .......... ...................................................................................... 496

Body temperature andpressure. saturated with water vapor (BTPS) factor ............... .................................... .................... ..... ........... 501

Calibration factor ................................................................................ ................ ............................................................................... 508

Diagnostic code ............................................................ ........ .............................................................................................................. 515

Reproducibility code ........................... .......... ................................................................ .................................................................... 516

000

36
VITAL AND HEALTH STATISTICS Series 

Series 1. Programs and Collection Procedures.-Reports which describe the general programs of the National 

Center for Health Statistics and its offices and divisions and data collection methods used and include 

definitions and other material necessary for understanding the data. 

Series 2. Data Evaluation and Methods Research.-Studies of new statistical methodology including experimental tests of new survey methods, studies of vital statistics collection methods, new analytical 

techniques, objective evaluations of reliability of collected data, and contributions to statistical theory. 

Series 3. Analytical Studies.-Reports presenting analytical or interpretive studies based on vital and health 

statistics, carrying the analysis further than the expository types of reports in the other series. 

Series 4. Documents and Committee Reports.-Final reports of major committees concerned with vital and 

health statistics and documents such as recommended model vital registration laws and revised birth 

and death certificates. 

Series 10. Data From the Health Interview Survey.-Statistics on illness, accidental injuries, disability, use of 

hospital, medical, dental, and other services, and other health-related topics, all based on data collected 

in a continuing national household interview survey. 

Series 11. Data From the Health Examination Survey and the Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.-Data 

from direct examination, testing, and measurement of national samples of the civilian noninstitutionalized population provide the basis for two types of reports: (1) estimates of the medically defined 

prevalence of specific diseases in the United States and the distributions of the population with respect 

to physical, physiological, and psychological characteristics and (2) analysis of relationships among the 

various measurements without reference to an explicit finite universe of persons. 

Series 12. Data From the Institutionalized Population Surveys.-Discontinued effective 1975. Future reports from 

these surveys will be in Series 13. 

Series 13. Data on Health Resources Utilization.-Statistics on the utilization of health manpower and facilities 

providing long-term care, ambulatory care, hospital care, and family planning services. 

Series 14. Data on Health Resources: Manpower and Facilities. -Statistics on the numbers, geographic distribution, and characteristics of health resources including physicians, dentists, nurses, other health 

occupations, hospitals, nursing homes, and outpatient facilities. 

Series 20. Data on Mortality.-Various statistics on mortality other than as included in regular annual or monthly 

reports. Special analyses by cause of death, age, and other demographic variables; geographic and time 

series analyses; and statistics on characteristics of deaths not available from the vital records based on 

sample surveys of those records. 

Series 21. Data on Natal&y, Marriage, and Divorce.-Various statistics on natality, marriage, and divorce other 

than as included in regular annual or monthly reports. Special analyses by demographic variables; 

geographic and time series analyses; studies of fertility; and statistics on characteristics of births not 

available from the vital records based on sample surveys of those records. 

Series 22. Data From the National Mortality and Natality Surveys.-Discontinued effective 1975. Future reports 

from these sample surveys based on vital records will be included in Series 20 and 21, respectively. 

Series 23. Data From the National Survey of Family Growth.-Statistics on fertility, family formation and dissolution, family planning, and related maternal and infant health topics derived from a biennial survey 

of a nationwide probability sample of ever-married women 15-44 years of age. 

For a list of titles of reports published in these series, write to: Scientific and Technical Information Branch 

National Center for Health Statistics 

Public Health Service 

Hyattsville, Md. 20782 
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” s DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES U.S. DEPARTMENT OF H.H.S. 

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