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# Geologic map of the Fawnskin 7.5' quadrangle, San Bernardino County, California

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- What does this data set describe?    - How should this data set be cited?
  - What geographic area does the data set cover?
  - What does it look like?
  - Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?
  - What is the general form of this data set?
  - How does the data set represent geographic features?
  - How does the data set describe geographic features? 
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### What does this data set describe?

    - Title: 
    - Geologic map of the Fawnskin 7.5' quadrangle, San Bernardino County, California
    - Abstract: 
    - This data set maps and describes the geology of the Fawnskin 7.5' quadrangle, San BernardinoCounty, California and contains original U.S. Geological Survey data generated by detailedfield observation and by interpretation of aerial photographs.  The geologic map covers partof the northern San Bernardino Mountains.  Bedrock units in the San Bernardino Mountains aredominated by large Cretaceous and Jurassic granitic bodies ranging in composition frommonzogranite to gabbro, and include lesser Triassic monzonite.  These granitic rocks intrudehighly faulted and folded Late Proterozoic and Paleozoic formations representative of thosefound in the southern Great Basin.  Low-angle thrust faults, many of them complexly folded,cut the Late Proterozoic and Paleozoic formations.  A large, deformed cataclastic zone inthe western part of the quadrangle cuts pre-Late Cretaceous units, and is intruded by LateCretaceous plutons.  Spanning the Pleistocene in age, large alluvial fans flank the northside of the mountains, and are dominated by debris flow deposits.  Young, south dippingreverse faults, some with moderately to well eroded fault scarps, discontinuously flank thenorthern edge of the mountains.  Young and old high-angle faults are mapped within the range.  Created using Environmental Systems Research Institute's ARC/INFO software, the databaseconsists of the following items: (1) a map coverage containing faults, geologic contacts andunits, (2) a coverage showing structural point data, (3) a coverage containing linearstructural data, (4) a coverage showing geologic line ornamentation and (5) six additionalINFO data tables (.rel) that contain detailed, coded, geologic information such as texture,fabric, color, and mineralogy,.  These additional data are accessible to the user throughthe utilization of ARC/INFO relate environments and provide the user access to as much or aslittle of the encoded data as required.  In addition, the data set includes the followinggraphic and text products: (1) A PostScript graphic plot-file containing the geologic map,topography, cultural data, a Correlation of Map Units (CMU) diagram, a Description of MapUnits (DMU), and a key for point and line symbols; (2) PDF files of this Readme (includingthe metadata file as an appendix), Description of Map Units (DMU), and a screen graphic ofthe plot produced by the PostScript plot file.  The geologic map database contains original U.S. Geological Survey data generated bydetailed field observation and by interpretation of aerial photographs.  Within thedatabase, geologic contacts are represented as lines (arcs), geologic units as polygons, andsite-specific data as points.  Polygon, arc, and point attribute tables (.pat, .aat, and.pat, respectively) uniquely identify each geologic datum.  Version 1.1 of this digital release differs from Version 1.0 mainly by changes and additionsto conform to the more recently released digital geologic map of the Butler Peak quadrangle(OF 00-145), which adjoins the Fawnskin quadrangle on the west.  Along the western edge ofthe quadrangle several polygons of Quaternary units are added and the names of several arechanged.  Colors of some granitic units are changed to conform to colors assigned to thesame units in the Butler Peak quadrangle.
    - Supplemental_Information: 
    - Within the geologic map database, map units are identified by standard geologic map criteriasuch as formation-name, age, and lithology. The authors have attempted to adhere to thestratigraphic nomenclature of the U.S. Geological Survey and the North AmericanStratigraphic Code, but the database has not received a formal editorial review of geologicnames.  Geologic map unit labels entered in database items LABL and PLABL contain substitutecharacters for conventional stratigraphic age symbols:  Cambrian appears as 'C' in LABL andas '_' in PLABL, Mesozoic appears as 'Mz' in LABL and as '}' in PLABL, Pennsylvanian as 'P'in LABL and as '&' in PLABL, Triassic appears as 'Tr' in LABL and as '^' in PLABL, andProterozoic appears as 'Pr' in LABl and as '<' in PLABL.  The substitute characters in PLABLinvoke their corresponding symbols from the GeoAge font group to generate map unit labelswith conventional stratigraphic symbols.

- **How should this data set be cited?**  Miller, F.K., Matti, J.C., Brown, H.J., and Powell, R.E., 1998, Geologic map of the Fawnskin 7.5' quadrangle, San Bernardino County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-579, U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, California.
Online Links:
- <http://geopubs.wr.usgs.gov/open-file/of98-579/> 
  
- **What geographic area does the data set cover?**    - West_Bounding_Coordinate:   -117.00009271
  - East_Bounding_Coordinate:   -116.87490735
  - North_Bounding_Coordinate:   34.37499993
  - South_Bounding_Coordinate:   34.24998406  
- **What does it look like?**    - <http://geopubs.wr.usgs.gov/open-file/of98-579/images/fskn.gif>  (GIF)
  - Non-navigable .gif image of the geologic map, topographic base, Correlation of Map Units,Description of Map Units and key to point and line symbols.
  - <http://geopubs.wr.usgs.gov/open-file/of98-579/fskn_map.pdf>  (Portable document format, .pdf)
  - Navigable portable document file (.pdf) image of the geologic map, topographic base,Correlation of Map Units, Description of Map Units and key to point and line symbols.  
- **Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?**    - Beginning_Date: 01-Jul-1975
  - Ending_Date: Oct-1996
  - Currentness_Reference:   New data  
- **What is the general form of this data set?**    - Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form:   vector digital data  
- **How does the data set represent geographic features?**    - **How are geographic features stored in the data set?** This is a vector data set.It contains the following vector data types (SDTS terminology):     - Point (1559)
    - String (4301)
    - GT-polygon composed of chains (1560)  
  - **What coordinate system is used to represent geographic features?** The map projection used is Polyconic.      - Projection parameters:
    -        - Longitude_of_Central_Meridian:   -116.9375
      - Latitude_of_Projection_Origin:   34.2500
      - False_Easting:   0.00000
      - False_Northing:   0.00000  Planar coordinates are encoded using coordinate pairAbscissae (x-coordinates) are specified to the nearest 0.0027669090777Ordinates (y-coordinates) are specified to the nearest 0.0027669090777Planar coordinates are specified in Meters  The horizontal datum used is North American Datum of 1927.The ellipsoid used is Clarke 1866.The semi-major axis of the ellipsoid used is 6378206.4.The flattening of the ellipsoid used is 1/294.98.  
- **How does the data set describe geographic features?**    - Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: 
  - The digital geologic map of the Fawnskin 7.5' quadrangle includes five geospatial datasetsas double precision ARC/INFO coverages: fskn_geo (geology), fskn_pts (structural pointdata), fskn_str (structural line data), fskn_orn (line ornamentation) and fskn_ldr(annotation leaders).  Geospatial entities in ARC/INFO coverages have the followingsoftware-defined attributes: <cover>.pat contains AREA, PERIMETER, cover#, and cover-ID;<cover>.aat contains FNODE#, TNODE#, LPOLY#, RPOLY#, LENGTH, cover#, and cover-ID.User-defined attributes are described in detail below.  (1) The coverage fskn_geo includes a polygon feature attribute table (fskn_geo.pat) thatdescribes the geospatial distribution of rock units represented in the Postscript (.ps)and Portable Document Format (.pdf) plotfiles of the geologic maps and an arc featureattribute table (fskn_geo.aat) that describes the contacts and faults that bound rock-unitpolygons.  Line and point identity data are recorded in the .aat and .pat using a systemof identity codes.  Two INFO tables, lines.rel and points.rel, provide a full descriptionof each of the geological line and point codes in the database.  For display purposes inthe .ps and .pdf geologic maps, the geology coverage includes two annotation subclasses:anno.geo, which contains unit labels derived from the coded item PLABL, and anno.fault,which contains formal fault names.  In addition, the item TAG allows the user to access(relate to) a series of INFO data tables that contain additional, detailed, coded geologicdata. A complete description of the polygon, line, and point data coding schemes isavailable in U.S.  Geological Survey Open-File Reports 97-859, OFR 97-860, and OFR 97-861(full source citations follow).  Six INFO data tables are included in the Fawnskin database: fawnskin_summary.rel providesgeneral information attribute data, fawnskin_genesis.rel provides data summarizing thegenesis of each of the major rock types that occur within a particular map rock unit,fawnskin_lithology.rel contains lithologic attributes for the main and secondarylithologic types in the geologic-map unit, fawnskin_paleontology.rel contains attributesthat summarize information about fossil type occurrences in each of the rock types,fawnskin_protolith.rel describes rock type protoliths, and fawnskin_structure.rel containsgeologic structural data.  The tables have identical architecture other thanfawnskin_summary.rel.  The item TAG serves as the relate item and there are fiveadditional feature attribute items, LITH1...LITH5, that represent the major rock typeswithin a rock unit.  Fawnskin_summary.rel contains seven items: TAG (the relate item), AGE(unit age), AGECON (the confidence with which a geologic age is assigned to a map unit),SURFACE (geologic and geomorphic properties that characterize the upper surface ofsurficial geologic units), TYPE (hierarchical classification of the specific lithologictypes occurring in the map unit), CLASS (stratigraphic classification of a rock unit perthe North American Code of Stratigraphic Nomenclature), and ORIGIN (geologic origin ofeach map unit).    (2) The coverage fskn_pts includes a point attribute table (fskn_pts.pat) that describesboth the types and orientation of bedding, foliation, and lineation.  An annotationsubclass displays the dip or plunge values associated with the point data.  (3) The coverage fskn_str includes an arc attribute table (fskn_str.aat) that describeslinear, geologic structural data.  (4) The coverage fskn_orn includes a point attribute table (fskn_orn.pat) that describesstructural line ornamentation.  (5) The coverage fskn_ldr includes an arc attribute table (fskn_ldr.pat) that describesannotation leaders.  Unit symbols that are placed outside the perimeter of a particularpolygon identify that polygon with annotation leaders.
  - Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: 
  - A complete description of the polygon, line, and point data coding schemes is available inthe following U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Reports:  Matti, J.C., Miller, F.K., Powell, R.E., Kennedy, S.A., Bunyapanasarn, T.P., Koukladas,Catherine, Hauser, R.M., and Cossette, P.M., 1997b, Geologic-point attributes for digitalgeologic-map databases produced by the Southern California Areal Mapping Project (SCAMP),Version 1.0: U.S.Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-859  Matti, J.C., Miller, F.K., Powell, R.E., Kennedy, S.A., and Cossette, P.M., 1997c,Geologic-polygon attributes for digital geologic-map databases produced by the SouthernCalifornia Areal Mapping Project (SCAMP), Version 1.0: U.S.Geological Survey Open-FileReport 97-860  Matti, J.C., Powell, R.E., Miller, F.K., Kennedy, S.A., Ruppert, K.R., Morton, G.L., andCossette, P.M., 1997a, Geologic-line attributes for digital geologic-map databases producedby the Southern California Areal Mapping Project (SCAMP), Version 1.0: U.S.Geological SurveyOpen-File Report 97-861
  - FSKN_GEO.PAT
  - Geologic map units      - LABL
    - Geologic map unit label. Plain text is substituted for conventional geologic age symbols (Cfor Cambrian, Mz for Mesozoic, Tr for Triassic, P for Pennsylvanian, and Pr for Proterozoic)and unit label subscripts as annotated on map    ValueDefinitionQafArtificial Fill (late Holocene)QwActive-wash deposits (late Holocene)QfDeposits of alluvial fans (late Holocene)QaDeposits of axial valley floors (late Holocene)QcColluvial deposits (late Holocene)QtTalus deposits (late Holocene)QlsLandslide deposits (late Holocene)QsUndifferentiated alluvial deposits (late Holocene)QyfYoung deposits of alluvial fans (Holocene and late Pleistocene)Qyf5Young deposits of alluvial fans, unit 5 (late Holocene)Qyf4Young deposits of alluvial fans, unit 4 (late Holocene)Qyf3Young deposits of alluvial fans, unit 3 (late and middle Holocene)Qyf2Young deposits of alluvial fans, unit 2 (early Holocene)Qyf1Young deposits of alluvial fans, unit 1 (early Holocene and late Pleistocene)QyaYoung deposits of axial valley floors (Holocene and late Pleistocene)QycYoung colluvial deposits (Holocene and late Pleistocene)QytYoung talus deposits (Holocene and late Pleistocene)QylsYoung landslide deposits (Holocene and late Pleistocene)QysYoung surficial deposits undifferentiated (Holocene and late Pleistocene)QofOld deposits of alluvial fans (late to middle Pleistocene)Qof3Old deposits of alluvial fans, unit 3 (late Pleistocene)Qof2Old deposits of alluvial fans, unit 2 (late Pleistocene)QoaOld deposits of allvial-valley floors, undifferentiated (late to middle Pleistocene)QotOld talus deposits (late to middle Pleistocene)QolsOld landslide deposits (late to middle Pleistocene)QosOld surficial deposits undifferentiated (late to middle Pleistocene)QvofVery old deposits of alluvial fans (middle to early Pleistocene)Qvof3Very old deposits of alluvial fans, unit 3 (early Pleistocene)Qvof2Very old deposits of alluvial fans, unit 2 (early Pleistocene)QvolsVery old landslide deposits (middle to early Pleistocene)QvosVery old surficial deposits, undifferentiated (late to middle Pleistocene)QvobcVery old deposits of catastrophic carbonate breccia (early Pleistocene)QvobgVery old deposits of catastrophic granitic breccia (early Pleistocene)QTcpConglomerate, porphyry-bearing facies (Pleistocene? and Pliocene?)QTccConglomerate, Cushenberry facies (Pleistocene? and Pliocene?)QTscSandstone and conglomerate (Pleistocene? and Pliocene?)QTscpSandstone and conglomerate, porphyry facies (Pleistocene? and Pliocene?)QTsccSandstone and conglomerate, Cushenberry facies (Pleistocene? and Pliocene?)QTomOld Woman Sandstone, mudrock and sandstone member (Pleistocene? and Pliocene?)QTosOld Woman Sandstone, sandstone memeber (Pleistocene? and Pliocene?)Ts4Sedimentary rocks south of Big Bear Lake (Miocene?)Ts3Sedimentary rocks south of Bertha Ridge and John Bull Mountain (Miocene?)Ts2Sedimentary rocks of Poligue Canyon (Miocene?)Ts1Sedimentary rocks of Holocomb Valley (Miocene?)TsSandstone (Miocene?)MzuUndivided granitic rocks of range front (Cretaceous to Jurassic)KbmBiotite monzogranite (Cretaceous)KbMonzogranite of John Bull Flat (Cretaceous)KsMonzogranite of Stanfield Cutoff (Cretaceous)KbpMonzogranite of Butler Peak (Cretaceous)KkMonzogranite of Keller Peak (Cretaceous)KhGranodiorite of Hanna Flat (Cretaceous)KgcMonzogranite of Greenlead Creek (Creteacous)KJbGranodiorite of Bousic Canyon (Cretaceous or Jurassic)KJdgMafic mafic diorite and gabbro (Cretaceous or Jurassic)KJlLeucocratic granitic rocks (Cretaceous to Jurassic)JhVolcanic and hypabyssal rocks of Holcomb Valley area (Jurassic?)JcrCataclastic rocks (Jurassic)JbBertha Peak Pluton of Cameron (1981) (Jurassic)JfcQuartz monzonite porphyry of Furnace Canyon Jurassic)JcLeucocratic quartz monzonite of Crystal Creek (Jurassic)JdQuartz monzodiorite of Dry Canyon (Jurassic)JdmDeformed monzogranite of hill 4970 (Jurassic)JscFine-grained rocks of Silver Canyon (Jurassic)TrfMonzonite of Fawnskin (Triassic)PbucBird Spring Formation, upper carbonate member (Pennsylvanian)PbmcBird Spring Formation, middle carbonate member (Pennsylvanian)PblcBird Spring Formation, lower carbonate member (Pennsylvanian)PbscBird Spring Formation, siltstone and carbonate Member (Pennsylvanian)PbqBird Spring Formation, quartzite member (Pennsylvanian)MmyMonte Cristo Limestone, Yellowpine Member (Mississippian)MmbMonte Cristo Limestone, Bullion Member (Mississippian)MmlMonte Cristo Limestone, lower member (Mississippian)DscSultan Limestone, Crystal Pass Member (Devonian)DsvSultan Limestone, Valentine Member (Devonian)DsiSultan Limestone, Ironside Member (Devonian)CnNopah Formation (Cambrian)CndDunderburg Shale Member (Cambrian)CbBonanza King Formation, undivided (Cambrian)CbaBonanza King Formation, argillaceous marker unit (Cambrian)CbdgBonanza King Formation, gray dolomite member (Cambrian)CbdwBonanza King Formation, white dolomite member (Cambrian)CbmBonanza King Formation, middle member (Cambrian)CblBonanza King Formation, lower member (Cambrian)CcCarrara Formation (Cambrian)CzZabriskie Quartzite (Cambrain)CwWood Canyon Formation (Cambrian)PrsqStirling Quartzite, quartzite member (late Proterozoic)PrscqStirling Quartzite, carbonate and quartzite member (late Proterozoic)  
    - SHDFIL
    - Coded integer value that relates polygon to fill pattern in shadeset, geology2.shd.   
    - PLABL
    - Coded geologic map unit label used to generate plot label.   
    - NAME
    - Geologic name of map unit (see list under LABL attribute).   
    - TAG
    - A reference label for subgroups of polygons of the geologic-map unit identified by LABL.Each polygon subgroup has certain attributes in common with all other polygons of the mapunit.  However, each subgroup may have unique, distinguishing attributes which warrantrecognition in the database although those distinguishing characteristics do not warrantrecognition as new map units.  TAG is defined as LABL followed by an upper-case letter, e.g., QwA, QwB, or QwC, etc.  Thereare many units in the Fawnskin quadrangle that have sufficiently distinctive properties thatare identified with TAG other than the dafault A designation.  TAG serves one additional purpose: it functions as the relate item that associates eachpolygon with its attributes stored in the six polygon-attribute data tables identified inthe Entity_and_Attribute_Overview section above.   
    - SHDPS
    - Polygon color from shadeset scamp2.shd (included in the data package) and used to generatethe map plotfile.   
    - POLYCON
    - Coded statement of confidence with which the unit assignment was made (SeeEntity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation section).  
  - FSKN_GEO.AAT
  - Geologic contacts and faults that bound rock-unit polygons.      - L-SYMB
    - Coded integer symbol that relates arc to cartographic line symbol in lineset, geoscamp2.lin.   
    - L-TAG
    - Coded alpha-numerical symbol that relates arc to definition of line type in dictionary,lines.rel. For description of attributes in line classification dictionary, refer to USGSOpen-File Report 97-861 (see Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation)    ValueDefinitionC1Contact, generic, location meets map accuracy standardsC18Contact, landslide, location may not meet map accuracy standardsC19Contact, landslide, inferred, location may not meet map accuracy standardsC25Contact, landslide crown scarp, location meets map accuracy standardsC26Contact, landslide crown scarp, location may not meet map accuracy standardsC29Contact, sedimentary, location may meet map accuracy standardsC30Contact, sedimentary, location may not meet map accuracy standardsC32Contact, sedimentary, inferred beneath mapped covering unitC37Contact, separates terraced alluvial units, location meets map accuracy standardsC38Contact, separates terraced alluvial units, location may not meet map accuracy standardsC49Contact, igneous, location meets map accuracy standardsC50Contact, igneous, location may not meet map accuracy standardsC51Contact, igneous, inferred, location meets map accuracy standardsCL1Cartographic line, map boundaryF1Fault, high-angle, slip unspecified, location meets map accuracy standardsF10Fault, high-angle, normal slip, location may not meet map accuracy standardsF162Fault, low-angle, thrust slip, older over younger, location meets map accuracy standardsF177Fault, low-angle, thrust slip, older over younger, location meets map accuracy standardsF178Fault, low-angle, thrust slip, older over younger, location may not meet map accuracy standardsF180Fault, low-angle, thrust slip, older over younger, inferred beneath mapped covering unitF19Fault, high-angle, slip unspecified, inferred beneath mapped covering unitF193Fault, low-angle, thrust slip, older over younger, has fault scarp, location meets mapaccuracy standardsF2Fault, high-angle, right-lateral strike-slip, location meets map accuracy standardsF20Fault, high-angle, right-lateral strike-slip, inferred beneath mapped covering unitF205Fault, variable angle dip, rotational normal slip, location meets map accuracy standardsF206Fault, variable angle dip, rotational normal slip, location may not meet map accuracystandardsF208Fault, variable angle dip, rotational normal slip, inferred beneath mapped covering unitF22Fault, high-angle, normal slip, inferred beneath mapped covering unitF220Fault, intruded, preintrusive existence inferredF4Fault, high-angle, normal slip, location meets map accuracy standardsF5Fault, high-angle, reverse slip, location meets map accuracy standardsF53Fault, high-angle, reverse slip, has fault scarp, location meets map accuracy standardsF7Fault, high-angle, slip unspecified, location may not meet map accuracy standardsFZ1Fault zone boundary, scratch contactFZ3Cataclastic zone boundary, scratch contactGF10Geomorphic feature, lakeshoreGF7Geomorphic feature, topographic scarp, origin unknown  
    - L-NAME
    - Formal name of linear geologic feature.  
  - FSKN_PTS.PAT
  - Structural point data.      - P-DIP
    - Dip of planar feature.   
    - P-STRIKE
    - Azimuthal strike of planar feature.   
    - P-SYMB
    - Coded integer symbol that relates point to cartographic point symbol in markerset,geoscamp2.mrk.   
    - P-TAG
    - Coded alpha-numerical symbol that relates point to definition of point type in dictionarylook-up table (points.rel). For description of attributes in point classificationdictionary, refer to USGS Open-File Report 97-859 (seeEntity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation).    ValueDefinitionB2Bedding attitude, sedimentary, inclinedB4Bedding attitude, sedimentary, verticalB6Bedding attitude, sedimentary, overturnedFN13Foliation attitude, igneous flow origin, inclinedFN31Foliation attitude, strain dominated origin, inclinedFN42Foliation attitude, metamorphic origin, inclinedFN43Foliation attitude, metamorphic origin, verticalL16Lineation attitude, crushed and streaked mineral grains  
    - P-DIPDIR
    - Azimuthal direction of dip of planar feature.   
    - P-PLUNGE
    - Plunge of linear feature.   
    - P-BEARING
    - Azimuthal direction of plunge of linear feature.  
  - FSKN_STR.AAT
  - Linear, structural features e.g. fold axes.      - L-SYMB
    - Stores appropriate line symbol value from the lineset geoscamp2.lin.   
    - L-TAG
    - Coded alpha-numerical symbol that relates arc to definition of line type in dictionary,lines.rel. For description of attributes in line classification dictionary, refer to USGSOpen-File Report 97-861 (see Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation).    ValueDefinitionFA33Fold axial trace, anticline, upright, subhorizontal plunge, location meets map accuracystandardsFA36Fold axial trace, anticline, upright, subhorizontal plunge, inferred beneath mapped coveringunitFA49Fold axial trace, anticline, overturned, subhorizontal plunge, location meets map accuracystandardsFA97Fold axial trace, syncline, upright, subhorizontal plunge, location meets map accuracystandardsFA100Fold axial trace, syncline, upright, subhorizontal plunge, inferred beneath mapped coveringunitFA113Fold axial trace, syncline, overturned, subhorizontal plunge, location meets map accuracystandards  
  - FSKN_ORN.PAT
  - Line ornamentation.      - P-SYMB
    - Coded integer symbol that relates point to cartographic point symbol in markerset,geoscamp2.mrk.   
    - P-TAG
    - Coded alpha-numerical symbol that relates point to definition of point type in dictionaryINFO table, points.rel. For description of attributes in point classification dictionary,refer to USGS Open-File Report 97-859 (see Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation).    ValueDefinitionFAC10Fold ornament, syncline, upright axial planeFAC12Fold ornament, anticline, overturned axial planeFAC4Fold ornament, anticline, upright axial planeFAC6Fold ornament, anticline, overturned axial plane  
  - FSKN_LDR.AAT
  - Annotation leaders.      - L-SYMB
    - Coded integer symbol, value 1, that relates arcs to cartographic line symbol in lineset,geoscamp2.lin.  

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### Who produced the data set?

- **Who are the originators of the data set?**  (may include formal authors, digital compilers, and editors)    - F.K. Miller
  - J.C. Matti
  - H.J. Brown
  - R.E. Powell  
- **Who also contributed to the data set?**  Technical review by Douglas M. Morton led to significant improvements that eventually werereflected in aspects of the database, the plot file, and in the description of the geologicunits of the Fawnskin 7.5' quadrangle. Digital review by R.W. Grymer allowed us to produce amuch improved product.Geologic mapping and digital preparation of this report were sponsored jointly by (1) theNational Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program of the U.S. Geological Survey, (2) theCalifornia Division of Mines and Geology, and (3) the Southern California Areal MappingProject (SCAMP).  In our digital preparation of the data set, initiated in the SCAMPGeographic Information System laboratory in Riverside, California by Gregory Morton andcompleted in the Geographic Information System laboratory of the Mineral Resources Programof the U.S.  Geological Survey in Spokane, Washington by Pamela M.  Cossette, we receivedvaluable assistance from Paul C.  Hyndman in Spokane, Washington, and from Rachel Alvarez inRiverside.  
- **To whom should users address questions about the data?**  F.K. MillerU.S.Geological Survey, Western Region, Earth Surface Processes TeamProject geologistU.S. Geological SurveyW904 Riverside AvenueSpokane, Washington 99201-1087USA
509 368 3121 (voice)[email protected]
  

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### Why was the data set created?

> The data set for the Fawnskin quadrangle has been prepared by the Southern California ArealMapping Project (SCAMP), a cooperative project sponsored jointly by the U.S. GeologicalSurvey and the California Division of Mines and Geology, as part of an ongoing effort toutilize a Geographical Information System (GIS) format to create a regional digital geologicdatabase for southern California.  This regional database is being developed as acontribution to the National Geologic Map Data Base of the National Cooperative GeologicMapping Program ofthe USGS. Development of the data set for the Fawnskin quadrangle has alsobeen supported by the U.S. Forest Service, San Bernardino National Forest.The digital geologic map database for the Fawnskin quadrangle has been created as ageneral-purpose data set that is applicable to other land-related investigations in theearth and biological sciences.  For example, the U.S. Forest  Service, San BernardinoNational Forest, is using the database as part of a study of an endangered plant species,California Buckwheat, that shows preference for particular rock types.  The Fawnskindatabase is not suitable for site-specific geologic evaluations at scales greater than1:24,000 (1 in = 2,000 ft).

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### How was the data set created?

- **From what previous works were the data drawn?** 
- **How were the data generated, processed, and modified?**    - Date: 1975 (process 1 of 9)
  - Field mapping and aerial photograph interpretation; iterative process (F.K. Miller, J.C.Matti, and H.J.  Brown). 
  - Date: 1996 (process 2 of 9)
  - Transfer of geologic linework and point data from field maps and aerial photographs to ascale-stable cartographic base of quadrangle (scribeguide) (F.K. Miller and J.C.  Matti). 
  - Date: 1997 (process 3 of 9)
  - Description of Map Units and Correlation of Map Units (F.K.Miller) 
  - Date: 1997 (process 4 of 9)
  - Preparation of a .007 mil, right-reading, black line clear film made by contact photographicprocesses. 
  - Date: 1997 (process 5 of 9)
  - Hand-digitization of the clear-film, right-reading, 0.007 mil thickness, base-stableblackline positive (made by contact photograph from a scribeguide) of the author-preparedgeologic map at 1:24,000 scale, in the SCAMP Riverside, CA GIS lab.  (G.  Morton, S.Kennedy). 
  - Date: 1997 (process 6 of 9)
  - Lines added and existing lines modified (P.M. Cossette). 
  - Date: 1997 (process 7 of 9)
  - ARC/INFO database established; cleanup of digitizing artifacts; polygon, arc, and pointattribute tables established using model developed for SCAMP coverages.  Digitizing andediting artifacts significant enough to display at a scale of 1:24,000 were corrected (P.M.Cossette). 
  - Date: 20-Jul-2000 (process 8 of 9)
  - First draft of metadata for Version 1.0 created by Jennifer Lenz, USGS, using FGDCMETA.AMLver. 1.2 05/14/98 on ARC/INFO data set fskn_geo. 
  - Date: 02-Mar-2001 (process 9 of 9)
  - Second draft of metadata for Version 1.1 created by P.Cossette using FGDCMETA.AML ver. 1.206/13/98 on ARC/INFO data set /pool5/b/pcossette/fskn-newof/fskn_geo0302 
- **What similar or related data should the user be aware of?**  Miller, Fred K. , Matti, Jonathan C. , and Brown, Howard J. , 2000301, Digital geologic map of the Butler Peak 7.5' quadrangle, San Bernardino County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 00-145, U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, California.
Online Links:
- <http://geopubs.wr.usgs.gov/open-file/of00-145> 
 

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### How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?

- **How well have the observations been checked?** Geologic-map units in the Fawnskin quadrangle database were described using standard fieldmethods.  Consistent with these methods, the database author has assigned standard geologicattributes to geologic lines, points, and polygons identified in the database.Nation-wide geologic-map accuracy standards have not been developed and adopted by the U.S.Geological Survey and other earth-science entities. Until such standards are adopted, theSCAMP project has developed internal map-accuracy standards for 1:24,000-scale geologic mapsproduced by the project.Geologic lines and points on 1:24,000 scale geologic maps are judged to meet SCAMP'sinternal map-accuracy standards if they are located to within +/-15 meters, relative totopographic or cultural features on the base map.Lines and points that meet (or may not meet) this SCAMP internal map-accuracy standard areidentified both in the digital database and on derivative geologic-map plots.  Within thedatabase, line and point data that are judged to meet the SCAMP internal map-accuracystandard are denoted by the attribute code .MEE.  (meets) in the appropriate data table;line and point data that may not meet the SCAMP internal map-accuracy standard are denotedby the attribute code .MNM. (may not meet).On any derivative geologic-map plot, line data that are judged to meet the SCAMP internalmap-accuracy standard are denoted by solid lines; line data that may not meet the SCAMPinternal map-accuracy standard are denoted by dashed or dotted lines.  There is nocartographic device for denoting the map-accuracy for geologic-point data (eg.  symbolsrepresenting bedding, foliation, lineations, etc.). 
- **How accurate are the geographic locations?** The maximum transformation RMS error acceptable for 7.5' quadrangle transformation and datainput is 0.003 (1.8 meters).  Horizontal positional accuracy was checked by visualcomparison of hard-copy plots with base-stable source data. 
- **How accurate are the heights or depths?**  
- **Where are the gaps in the data?  What is missing?** The geologic map and digital database of the Fawnskin 7.5' quadrangle, version 1.1, containnew data that have been subjected to rigorous review and are a substantially completerepresentation of the current state of knowledge concerning the geology of the quadrangle. 
- **How consistent are the relationships among the observations, including topology?** Polygon and chain-node topology present.The areal extent of the map is represented digitally by an appropriately projected(polyconic projection), mathematically generated box. Consequently, polygons intersectingthe lines that comprise the map boundary are closed by that boundary.  Polygons internal tothe map boundary are completely enclosed by line segments which are themselves a set ofsequentially numbered coordinate pairs.  Point data are represented by coordinate pairs.

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### How can someone get a copy of the data set?

> **Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?**- Access_Constraints:   None
- Use_Constraints: 
- The Fawnskin 7.5' geologic-map database should be used to evaluate and understand thegeologic character of the Fawnskin 7.5' quadrangle as a whole.  The data should not be usedfor purposes of site-specific land-use planning or site-specific geologic evaluations.  Thedatabase is sufficiently detailed to identify and characterize geologic materials andstructures.  However, it is not sufficiently detailed for site-specific determinations.  Use of this digital geologic map database should not violate the spatial resolution of thedata.  Although the digital form of the data removes the constraint imposed by the scale ofa paper map, the detail and accuracy inherent in map scale are also present in the digitaldata.  The fact that this database was compiled and edited at a scale of 1:24,000 means thathigher resolution information may not have been uniformly retained in the dataset.  Plottingat scales larger than 1:24,000 will not yield greater real detail, although it may revealfine-scale irregularities below the intended resolution of the database.  Similarly,although higher resolution data is incorporated in most of the map, the resolution of thecombined output will be limited by the lower resolution data.

- **Who distributes the data set?**  (Distributor 1 of 1)  U.S. Geological Survey Information ServicesBox 25286, Denver Federal CenterDenver, Colorado 80255-0046USA
1-888-ASK-USGS (voice)303-202-4693 (FAX)
 
- **What's the catalog number I need to order this data set?** US Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-0579 
- **What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?**  The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) provides these geographic data "as is."  The USGS makes noguarantee or warranty concerning the accuracy of information contained in the geographicdata.  The USGS further makes no warranties, either expressed or implied as to any othermatter whatsoever, including, without limitation, the condition of the product, or itsfitness for any particular purpose.  The burden for determining fitness for use liesentirely with the user.  Although these data have been processed successfully on computersat the USGS, no warranty, expressed or implied, is made by the USGS regarding the use ofthese data on any other system, nor does the fact of distribution constitute or imply anysuch warranty.In no event shall the USGS have any liability whatsoever for payment of any consequential,incidental, indirect, special, or tort damages of any kind, including, but not limited to,any loss of profits arising out of use of or reliance on the geographic data or arising outof delivery, installation, operation, or support by USGS.This digital, geologic map database of the Fawnskin 7.5'quadrangle, 1:24,000 map-scale, andany derivative maps thereof, is not meant to be used or displayed at any scale larger than1:24,000 (e.g., 1:12,000).  
- **How can I download or order the data?**    - Availability in digital form:  Data format:fskn_geo.e00              Contacts, faults, geologic unit labelsfskn_str.e00              Fold axesfskn_pts.e00              Attitudes and their dip valuesfsknps_pts.e00            Attitudes and their dip valuesfsknorn_pts.e00           Fold axes ornamentationfskn_ldr.e00              Leaders for polygon labels and fault nameslines.rel.e00             Line dictionarypoints.rel.e00            Point dictionaryfawnskin_summary.e00      SCAMP-coded summary infofawnskin_lithology.e00    SCAMP-coded lithologyfawnskin_structure.e00    SCAMP-coded structural featuresfawnskin_genesis.e00      SCAMP-coded unit genesisfawnskin_paleontology.e00 SCAMP-coded paleontologyfawnskin_protolith.e00    SCAMP-coded protolith info in format ArcInfo export (version 7.1.1)Size: 3.5 megabytesNetwork links:<http://geopubs.wr.usgs.gov/open-file/of98-579/fskn.tar.gz>  
  - Cost to order the data:  none  

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### Who wrote the metadata?

- Dates:
- Last modified: 13-Jun-2001  
- Metadata author:
-  Pamela M. CossetteU.S. Geological Survey904 West Riverside Avenue, Rm. 202Spokane, WA 99201-1087USA
(509) 368-3123 (voice)(509) 368-3199 (FAX)[email protected]
 
- Metadata standard: 
- Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata (FGDC-STD-001-1998)

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AccessibilityFOIAPrivacyPolicies and Notices

U.S. Department of the Interior |		U.S. Geological Survey		URL: http://geo-nsdi.er.usgs.gov/metadata/open-file/98-579/metadata.faq.html		Page Contact Information: Peter Schweitzer		Page Last Modified: Wednesday, 15-Sep-2010 16:55:18 EDT

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