Figure
D-17

F-1
Gal

G-2

G-4A
G-4B

TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS (Cont'd)
Terrain Profile Between San Pedro AN/FPS-90 Radar
and San Gabriel Mountains Including Burbank

ASR-6 Radar . 1. 2. + 2+ 6 + © © © ew we we we wwe

Multipath Signal Level Environment at Burbank
due to ARSR Radar at San Pedro ......4-.

Geometry of Multipath Signals over Mountain
Ridg@ts Soe is ok Sk SB we SE SR

Simulated PPI Display of Los Alamitos AN/CPN-4
with San Pedro AN/FPS-90 Interference .....

Simulated PPI Display of Los Alamitos AN/CPN-4
with Long Beach ASR-5 Interference. ......

Simulated PPI Display of Long Beach ASR-5 with
San Pedro AN/FPS-90 Interference. ......-.

Simulated PPI Display of Long Beach ASR-5 with
Burbank ASR-6 Interference. .....-+.+-+-.-s

Simulated PPI Display of Long Beach ASR-5 with
Los Alamitos AN/CPN-4 Interfrence .......

Detailed Radar Measurement Configuration. ....
RSMS System Block Diagram... . . + + + ee 2 «
RSMS System Dynamic Range at 2800 MHz ......

Pulse Blanker Operational Efficiency--Dotted Line
Shows Radar Subtracted by Blanking ......

WB SCAN Measurement of Radar Spectrum Occupancy .

WB SCAN Measurement of Single Radar Emission
SPOGEEA = iS wi S et See TS He eS eS ew Ew US

Single Frequency Scan, Used with Rotating Dish
(dBm vs. azimuth) . 1.2 2.6 ee se ee eee

D-41

D-43

D-46

E-4

E-6

E-10

E-12

G-11

Frequency Tracking Scan. First Half Showing Height/

Gain, Second Half Long-Term Propagation... .

xx

G-12


Figure
A-11l

A-12
A-13
A-14
A-15
A-16
A-17
A-18
A-19
A-20
A-21
A-22
A-23

A-24

TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS (Cont'd)

Measured Antenna Radiation Pattern of Sacramento
WSR-57 for Antenna Tilt of 0° ......-4-e-

Measured Antenna Radiation Pattern of Sacramento
WSR-57 for Antenna Tilt of C° ...... 2

Measured Antenna Radiation Pattern of Sacramento
WSR-57 for Antenna Tilt of 2° .....+4+4-s

Cumulative Distribution of Los Angeles ASR-7
Antenna Radiation Pattern... ....2.-+ee-s

Cumulative Distribution of Burbank ASR-6
Antenna Radiation Pattern... ....2 eee

Cumulative Distribution of Long Beach ASR-5
Antenna Radiation Pattern... ...+ sees

Cumulative Distribution of Norton AN/MPN-13
Antenna Radiation Pattern. ......+.4+e+e-.

Cumulative Distribution of March AN/MPN-13
Antenna Radiation Pattern. ......2.4+4e4-.

Cumulative Distribution of Travis AFB AN/FPN-55
Antenna Radiation Pattern .....-.-+-e+e-.

Averaged Cumulative Antenna Gain Distribution of
2.7-2.9 GHz Radars . 10 eee weet ee oe

Antenna Radiation Pattern of Ontario ASR-5 Radar
Measured by the FAA ..... 2. 2. 2 2 ee eee

Antenna Radiation Pattern of Burbank ASR-6 Radar
Measured by the FAA . . 2. 2. 2s e'e es ew we ww

Mutual Antenna Gain Distribution of Ontario ASR-5
and Burbank ASR-6 Radars... . ++ se se eee

Long Beach ASR-5 Antenna Pattern Measured at
Los Alamitos Using RSMS Van Dish Pointing at
218° MAGNETIC. <x: < re: & ei Ge, % Hed W TS: W SOL He isi % He

Ontario ASR-5 Antenna Pattern Measured at Los
Alamitos Using RSMS Van Dish Pointed at 35°
Magnetic: < si © isi § iS Si SS GS AS iS

xiv

A-17

A-18

A-20

A-21

A-21

A-22

A-24

A-25

A-28

A-31

A-32


ABSTRACT

The Office of Telecommunications (OT) undertook a
detailed program to measure and analyze spectrum utilization
in the 2.7 to 2.9 GHz band in the Los Angeles and San Fran-
cisco areas in support of an Office of Telecommunications
Policy (OTP) Spectrum Resource Assessment task. The
measurement program consisted of on-site visits to compare
predicted and actual PPI interference patterns, and utiliza-
tion of the Radio Spectrum Measurement System (RSMS) van
to validate the component models used in predicting radar-
to-radar interference.

From the measured data and a supporting literature
search, it was concluded that ducting and man-made clutter
(building attenuation) should be included in the propagation
loss predictions in order to improve the prediction accuracy
of radar-to-radar interference and radar frequency assignments.
Even though potential multipath wave interference conditions
can be identified, to account for this analytically would re-
quire an extremely complex antenna and terrain model. Due to
modeling inaccuracies, the difference between the predicted
and actual radar-to-radar Interference-to-Noise Ratio (INR)
levels may be as large as 22 dB (20 standard deviation region).
However, INR errors of approximately 25 dB can still result
in relatively accurate predictions of interference patterns
on the victim PPI display for conditions where mainbeam-to-
backlobe antenna coupling predominates. In summary, it was
concluded that the analytical radar-to-radar interference
techniques used in this investigation can be used to predict
interference patterns on the victim radar PPI display with
sufficient accuracy to allow assessment of radar band congestion,
frequency assignment flexibility, and potential of the band
to absorb new users.

KEY WORDS

Radar
Interference
Measurements
Model Validation

xxiv


TABLE OF CONTENTS

Subsection
SECTION 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 GENERAL BACKGROUND. .

2.3

Phase II o«

Phase I el S ae s
Additional Phases p

2.7-2.9 GHz BACKGROUND . . ..-.+-+-e«-e-s
2.7-2.9 GHz OBJECTIVE . . 2... «2 ees

APPROACH . . 2 2 2 2 6 6 ee we we ee

SECTION 2
FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
INTRODUCTION . . 2 2 2 6 ee ee te te eee

FINDINGS .....-. x) ke . es wos

Closed System Measurements ....
Frequency Assignment Factors...

N

2.1

202

2.3 Model Accuracies . . . eS ow 6%
2.4

2.5

2.6 Interference Prediction Capability

RECOMMENDATIONS . «. «© © © © © © © we we ee

SECTION 3
INTERFERENCE PREDICTION TECHNIQUE
INTRODUCTION . 2. 2 2 2 2 2 ee we we ee ee
INR CALCULATION . . . + - 2 2 2 se we ee

PPI SIMULATION MODEL... . +++ 2 eo ©

Los Angeles Environmental Observations
San Francisco Environmental Observations

nN
!

1
HODRWNEHE

°

S NNNNNN
1

Ne
!

=)

N


TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS (Cont'd)

Figure Page
G-7 Radar Antenna Pattern . . . . 2. 2 6 © © «© © © © «© « G5
G-8 Statistical Radar Antenna Pattern. ....... + G-16


Table

B-1
B-2

B-3

Cok

D-1

D-2

TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)

LIST OF TABLES (Cont'd)

Magnetron Tube Types . . . . 2. 2. « © © © © @ @
Emission Spectrum Categories .......+4.s4e-s

Comparison of Measured and Modeled Emission
BRECEFA. ie: w ei oi 6 We Us: iS OS en ew HE OK

Radar IF Bandwidth Categories. .......e+s.-.

Comparison of FDR Curves Computed from Modeled
and Measured Data ..... +++ +2-e«e eee

Propagation Roughness Factors. ......+4.-.

Comparison of Predicted and Measured Propagation
Loss Between Los Angeles Radars. ......-

Comparison of Predicted and Measured Propgation
Loss Between San Francisco Radars. .....-

Comparison of Predicted and Measured Propagation
Loss for Paths in which Ducting Occurred...

Comparison of Predicted and Measured Propagation
Loss over 14 Los Angeles Area Paths. .....

Comparison of Predicted and Measured Propagation
Loss over 7 San Francisco Area Paths .... .

Propagation Loss Below Free Space Due to Various
Urban Environments . ..... +e 2+ ee eee

xxiii

B-22
c-3

c-18

D-2

D9

D-17

D-19

D-27

D29


TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS (Cont'd)

Figure Page
c-10 FDR for Category 2 Transmitter Vs. Category C

Receiver . 6 0 + 6 ee ee te te we ee et ee ew 6CHLL
C=il FDR for Category 3 Transmitter Vs. Category A

Receiver ci %: s vi % fw: W te) SGP Oi % SS ee «1Crdz
C=12 FDR for Category 3 Transmitter Vs. Category B

Receiver... ss ee te ee ee tt te ee ee 6CH12
e=13 FDR for Category 3 Transmitter Vs. Category C

Receiver’; © 5. «© <4, 6% wo 8. 3 0 eo GS es 5 SCRID
c-14 FDR for Category 4 Transmitter Vs. Category A

ReC@L ver’: 2 je: ve: eee he 8 ee te we we «6CR13
CaS FDR for Category 4 Transmitter Vs. Category B

RECEIVED SS eS Ke SS a ee OC RES

c-16 FDR for Category 4 Transmitter Vs. Category C
Receivers. <4 56 26 8 wre. ou so % ot & “Sy 1C=14

Cc-17 Measured IF Selectivity of Los Alamitos AN/CPN-4
REGAL clin ask ge oh ie leh ce, ok fe) A = GE Ge oh ol cel ee aed.

c-18 FDR for Ontario Transmitter Vs. Los Alamitos
ROC@IVOED @ Gis eK ES KK ES H SR SKS we CELT

c-19 FDR for Long Beach Transmitter Vs. Los Alamitos
Receiver . . 2. 4. 2 6 © © © © oe ee we we we ew ew oe CHIT

D=r, Measured Propagation Loss at Los Alamitos from
Long Beach as a Function of Measurement Antenna
H@TGHE: ova, ma: oe Ko: seo: eM IS) wemins ey, & is [nl @ ie PDE

D-2 Measured Propagation Loss at Long Beach from Los
Alamitos as a Function of Measurement Antenna
Height . 2. 6 2 6 ee eee 6 we te ee we ew ee ee) 6D

D-3 Propagation Loss Geometry Associated with Measured
Propagation Loss Vs. Antenna Height at Los
Alamitos and Long Beach .......+ +++ + D-12

D-4 RSMS Van Parabolic Antenna Pattern at Los Alamitos
Using Long Beach as Signal Source. ...... . D-14

xviii


TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)

LIST OF APPENDICES
APPENDIX E (Cont'd)

LONG BEACH ASR-5 VICTIM RADAR MEASUREMENTS . .
San Pedro AN/FPS-90 SS RN SR sh
Burbank ASR-6 hale Fm ES FR Be
Los Alamitos AN/CPN-4 ...... + ees

MOUNTAIN VIEW ASR-5 VICTIM RADAR MEASUREMENTS
Almaden AN/FPS-90 ase) G2 ES Of ae) eo ken eel
Almaden AN/MPS-14 ee fe) kes st del ak Sek wi Gen ©
Mt. Talmalpais AN/FPS-90. ......es.-

TRAVIS AFB AN/FPN-55 VICTIM RADAR MEASUREMENTS
Mather AFB AN/MPN-13 . 2. 1... 2 ee ee

APPENDIX F

LOS ANGELES AND SAN FRANCISCO AREA MEASUREMENT PLAN

INTRODUCTION «0 0 0 6) oe oe oe ce we oe
MEASUREMENT PLAN . . «. « « © © © «© © © © © @
PRELIMINARY RADAR SITE VISITS .......-.
DETAILED RADAR MEASUREMENTS ...... 26s

CLOSED SYSTEM MEASUREMENTS . . . .. se ee ©

APPENDIX G

RSMS VAN MEASUREMENTS

INTRODUCTION . 2 5 ses ts oe eo ew ew ew
RSMS VAN SYSTEM DESCRIPTION .......-.-.
Antennas t@ 2.0 2 @.% Bue ee ee eee
Noise Diodes and Calibration ......

Pulse Blanking and AS-330 Pulse Train Separator

Application Programs ........068-.
Wide Band Scan - Radar Band Occupancy and

Emigsion Spe@Ctra ws: = ws 6% te Oe
Single Frequency Scan. Propagation Loss and
Direction of Arrival .........
Frequency Tracking Scan (FTS). Propagation
Loss Measurements ........+242.-.

x

92999 9
4 YOWPrE

Q
'

Q
t
©

G-10


TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)

LIST OF APPENDICES

APPENDIX A
ANTENNA CHARACTERISTIC MODELING
INTRODUCTION . . 2 2 2 © «© © © @ © © ww we we ww
THREE-LEVEL ANTENNA PATTERN MODEL ......+ +. «©
LINE-OF-SIGHT ANTENNA PATTERN MEASUREMENTS .... .
CUMULATIVE DISTRIBUTION MODEL .... +++ +2 « «
MUTUAL ANTENNA GAIN MODEL ... 2 + «© «+ «© © © es @ @
ENVIRONMENT ANTENNA PATTERN MEASUREMENTS ..... -«
LOS ALAMLCOS coy bi wi & ie) © Oey © Us S Sei NW Nek Wwe OS
LONG BEACH: 66) 3 wei & “6% 4 tes © Gs we We! HH) * MEE DS
Mountain View... 2 ee 6 ses eae ew

Alameda NAS 6 eS eS SS We Te He

SUMMARY OF ANTENNA PATTERN MODELING ........

APPENDIX B

EMISSION SPECTRUM MODELING
AND MEASUREMENTS

SHTRODUCTION: & 6) 6 i 6 AS SH SL ew SS

FACTORS AFFECTING EMISSION SPECTRUM

CHARACTERISTICS . . . « © © © «© © © we © ew ew ew
Magnetron Characteristics .......2.-e.-.
Modulating Pulse ... » <0: » 50. © 0 3 0 9 50 19 9 2, «
Magnetron Load .. . 2 2 2 2 2 es © ee © wo ©

MODELING . «. « «© © «© © © © @ © oe we ow oe ww ow ww
Conventional Magnetron Model .......2..

Emission Spectrum Model Categories ......
MEASURED EMISSION SPECTRA ... . 2 2+ 2 e+ 2 2 se ee
COMPARISON OF MODELED AND MEASURED EMISSION SPECTRUMS

Category 1 Emission Spectra es Pern

Category 2 Emission Spectra se le kes i Use seh
Category 3 Emission Spectra a a ee ee er

vii

A-15
A-23

A-29
A-30
A-35
A-39
A-43

A-48

B-1
B-1
B-2
B+4

B44
B-+4
B-7

B-7

B-19
B-19
B-20
B-20


TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
Subsection Page
SECTION 4

LOS ANGELES AREA INVESTIGATION

4.1 INTRODUCTION 6 2 5 3c 3 8 ss se 8 8 et ee oe oe we SASL
4.2 ENVIRONMENT OF 2.7-2.9 GHz BAND .... 2 © « © «© « « 4-1
4.3 COMPARISON OF PREDICTED AND OBSERVED

INTERFERENCE Si 204, Sie, Watek SSE oi te BS wes OS er = ARG

4.3.1 Preliminary Radar Site Measurements .... . 4-10
4.3.2 Summary of Observed and Predicted

Interference . . ss 6 1 ss ee 6 oe eo ee 4R16

4.4 ENVIRONMENTAL OBSERVATIONS . . . «2 ee 2 © «© © © «© «© 4-16

SECTION 5

SAN FRANCISCO AREA INVESTIGATION

S.i INTRODUCTION: «: %« & i: & ee S ey Sw SE we wee ww ee Se, « Be
5.2 ENVIRONMENT OF 2.7-2.9 GHz BAND .....-.-+ +e Sel
5.3 COMPARISON OF PREDICTED AND OBSERVED
INTERFERENCE a; Gat @ (er « eis el © soy w cel © Go & Si & i S U5=E
5.3.1 Preliminary Radar Site Measurements ... . . 5-10
§.3.2 Summary of Observed and Predicted
Interference . 2. . 6 2 6 6 6s 6 eso © © 8 5G
5.4 ENVIRONMENTAL OBSERVATIONS . . - - + + + + + © © * © + 5-29

vi


Figure
D-5

D-10

D=11

TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS (Cont'd)

Measured Power Level at Long Beach from San Pedro
AN/FPS-90 using RSMS Parabolic Dish as
Receiving Antenna... . «+ 2 + «eee ee ee

Measured Power Level at Los Alamitos from San Pedro
AN/FPS-90 using RSMS Parabolic Dish as
RECSLVING ANCGMMA: «: 16: 0: <0: s: ces © ye: ©: 19) © «0, © Fey 9 Us:

Cumulative Probability Distribution of Measured
Propagation Loss from Miramar ASR-5 to Los
Alamitos AN/CPN<4: & sis: oe %: SD | BR Se es Se

Cumulative Probability Distribution of Measured
Propagation Loss from Oakland ASR-7 to Mountain
View ASR-5. 2. 2 set tt ttt tt wh wt

Cumulative Probability Distribution of Measured
Propagation Loss from Alameda AN/MPN-1]. to
Mountain View ASR-5 . 2 « 00 0 ees 00 © ee ©

Received Power Level from Miramar ASR-5 to Los
Alamitos AN/CPN-4 during Morning Ducting
Conditions: “ss « 26) @ evi Sei 6 Mer SE Se ee Ss ee US

Received Power Level from Miramar ASR-5 to Los
Alamitos AN/CPN-4 during Evening Ducting
Con@ition® << . ics cist ete wee we ee

Received Power Level from Oakland ASR-7 to Mountain
View ASR-5 during Ducting Conditions ......

Received Power Level from Alameda AN/MPN-11 to
Mountain View ASR-5 during Ducting Conditions . .

Histogram of Differences Between Predicted and
Measured Propagation Loss for Los Angeles
Paths - 2 se 8 we ee ke es te 6 8 8.

Histogram of Differences Between Predicted and
Measured Propagation Loss for San Francisco
PACHS & ve: ws ei Ww Ges W Wek WS Mer Le eS we we Oh OH Oe 8S

Terrain Profile and Multistory Buildings Between
Long Beach and Los Alamitos .......-.+e6-.

xix

D-16

D-20

D-21

D-22

D-24

D-25

D-25

D-30

D-30

D-33


TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
LIST OF APPENDICES

APPENDIX D (Cont'd)

FROPAGATION LOSS MEASUREMENTS ..... . & seu w yey
Propagation Measurements Over Nonducting Paths in
Los Angeles Area... . . en
Propagation Measurements over Nonducting Paths in
San Francisco Area ..... . . . mt
Propagation Measurements Over Los Angeles and
San Francisco Ducting Paths .......2.-.

COMPARISON OF PREDICTED AND MEASURED PROPAGATION LOSS
Los Angeles Nonducting Paths .....-+-++e+e-s

San Francisco Nonducting Paths ...... .
Comparison of Prediction Accuracies for Los Ange

and San Francisco Paths .....+++-+-e-.
Comparison of Predicted and Measured Propagation
Ducting Paths . . . 2.1.6 2 6 © © © © © ww

FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PREDICTED

AND MEASURED PROPAGATION LOSS . ... ++ + «© «© « «
Man-Made Clutter . . 1. 2. 6 2 6 © 2 ee ew we eee
Foliage .... Si, <@ lies fo OR, Te Gai a: we 8 wel wen S
Mountain Multipath Ce ee ee ae ee
DUGEING=. w x0i we Kei © Re me EOE * ai Ses ete HE ek ws en =

SUMMARY OF PROPAGATION LOSS MEASUREMENTS AND MODELING

APPENDIX E
DETAILED MEASUREMENTS
INTRODUCTION . 2. 2 2 es © © ee ee ee ee te ee

LOS ALAMITOS AN/CPN-4 VICTIM RADAR MEASUREMENTS .
San Pedro AN/FPS-90 ..
Long Beach ASR-5 ee 8
Ontario ASR-5 .....
Norton AFB AN/MPN-13 . .
March AFB AN/MPN-13 ..

ix

les

for

Page

D-7
p-15

D-18

D-26
D-26
D-26

D-28
D-31
D-31
D-32
D-37
D-40
D-45

D-47


OT REPORT 76-97

SPECTRUM RESOURCE
ASSESSMENT IN

THE 2.7 to 2.9 GHz BAND
PHASE II: MEASUREMENTS AND

MODEL VALIDATION
(Report No. 1)

Robert L. Hinkle
Robert M. Pratt
Robert J. Matheson

U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
ELLIOT L. RICHARDSON, Secretary
BETSY ANCKER-JOHNSON, Ph.D

Assistant Secretary for Science
and Technology

OFFICE OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS
JOHN M. RICHARDSON
Director

August 1976


Figure

3-1

4-1

TABLE OF CON

LIST OF ILLUST

PPI Display Interference
of Mutual Antenna Gain

Location of Radars in the
in the Los Angeles Area

Location of Radars in the
in the San Francisco Ar

Simulated PPI Display of
with Sacramento WSR-57
Interference .....

Photograph of Sacramento
Sacramento WSR-57 (0.5

Simulated PPI Display of
Sacramento WSR-57 (0.5

Photograph of Sacramento
with Sacramento WSR-57
Interference .... .

Simulated PPI Display of
with Alameda AN/FPS-90
Mt. Tamalpais AN/FPS-90
Interference .....

Photograph of Mountain Vi
with Alameda AN/FPS-90
AN/FPS-90 Interference

Simulated PPI Display of
Mt. Tamalpais AN/FPS-90

TENTS (Continued)

RATIONS

Level as a Function
Threshold ......-.

2.7-2.9 GHz Band

2.7-2.9 GHz Band
ea 4 fe LN Fe Rees

Sacramento ASR-4
(0.5 usec mode)

ASR-4 PPI Display with
usec mode) Interference

Sacramento ASR-4 with
usec mode) Interference

ASR-4 PPI Display
(4.0 usec mode)

Mountain View ASR-5
(Bearing 144°) and
(Bearing 301°)

ew ASR-5 PPI Display
and Mt. Tamalpais

Oakland ASR-7 with
Interference .... .

Photograph of Oakland ASR-7 PPI Display with

Mt. Tamalpais AN/FPS-90

Simulated PPI Display of
with Hayward AN/MPN-13
Almaden AN/MPS-14 (Bear

Simulated PPI Display of
with Mather AFB AN/MPN-

Interference .....

Alameda AN/MPN-11
(Bearing 110°) and
ing 135°) Interference.

Travis AFB AN/FPN-55
13 Interference ....

xii

voLs

5-16

5-17

5-18

5=17

5-20

5-22


TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
LIST OF APPENDICES

APPENDIX G (Cont'd)
RSMS VAN SYSTEM DESCRIPTION (Cont'd)

Radar Antenna Patterns . . . 2... 2. ee eee

REFERENCES . 2. 2. 6 1 6 ss 8 se ee te we ee ew

xi

G-10


TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
LIST OF APPENDICES

APPENDIX B (Cont'd)

Page

COMPARISON OF MODELED AND MEASURED EMISSION SPECTRUMS (Cont'd)

Category 4 Emission Spectra... . ~ e bee © eh te xe
Statistical Comparison of Measured and Modeled
Emission Spectra . . . + 6 2+ 6 © © © © © © we we ew ew

SUMMARY OF EMISSION SPECTRUM MODELING ... ++ + + + e+ © +

APPENDIX C

FREQUENCY-DEPENDENT-REJECTION

INTRODUCTION: < % SSCS HS ER HR ERR HS HS SF
IF SELECTIVITY Se tei © &% $B SRS CS ES Se S
IF Selectivity Modeling a om Bw Site % sf GMa wie is @
FDR CALCULATIONS eee sie 9 eines ies ote ie S
OFRCAL Program and its “validation we si fe fe HOG eo
Computed FDR's for Radar-to-Radar Interference
Predictions ... . ee bis a fe He Se ee 8
Emission Spectrum Effect on FDR a ee ee
SUMMARY OF FDR MODELING .. . 2 © © © © © © © © © ee eee
APPENDIX D

PROPAGATION LOSS

INTRODUCTION % ss: @ 46: © Si © Meo ek te oe 6 He le ew ce
PROPAGATION LOSS PROGRAMS AND MODELS . ... + + + «© « © @ +
Point-to-Point Model . . 2. ee 2 ee ee ee eee ee
Area Model . 2... 2 ee © © ee ee ee we wee ws
APPLICATION OF PROPAGATION MODELS .... ++ ++ 2+ 2+ © © ©
Propagation Model Mode Selection Deficiencies .... .-
BASIC PROPAGATION LOSS MEASUREMENT PROCEDURE . . - + + + + «+
RSMS Van Antennas % Hein 5) te Se Gers Sl Se Si God Bi fey S: Her © yer

Calculation of Basic Propagation Loss .....++e+-e-s

viii

B-20
B-21

B-21

D-1
D-1
D-2

D-3
D-3

D-4
D-4
D-6


Table
3-1
4-1

TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)

LIST OF TABLES

Percent of PPI Display Covered by Interference. .

Location of 2.7-2.9 GHz Radars in Los Angeles
ATOR SS % 355 Ge) HSS eh Sb OS BRS SS BR ee tes

Characteristics of 2.7-2.9 GHz Radars in Los
Angeles Area. . 2. 2 e+ se + ee eo ee ee eee

Frequency Assignment Information of 2.7-2.9 GHz
Radars in Los Angeles Area. .. +. +++ e+ see

INR For Victim Radar Mainbeam Coupling with the
Interfering Radar Backlobe. ......+e+-e-s.

Planned Environment Changes in the Los Angeles
Area by FY 84 < Gs © Si © SS SE Ber eee Stee

Location of 2.7-2.9 GHz Radars in San Francisco
BYOAs, » <2: ©. x05 2 cer ie en ee) 8 8 nal © Ge is os! 8 I

Characteristics of 2.7-2.9 GHz Radars in San
Francisco Area. . . 2. . 6© 6 © 2 ee ee ee ee

Frequency Assignment Information of 2.7-2.9 GHz
Radars in San Francisco Area. ...+-+-+-+-e-s

INR for Victim Radar Mainbeam Coupling with the
Interfering Radar Backlobe. .....+-+-e-+-s

Planned Environment Changes in the San Francisco
Area by FY 84 . 2. 2 2 6 2 2 ee ee ee we ew

Antenna Pattern Statistics of 2.7-2.9 GHz
Radars 2. 6 6 ee ee ee ee ee ee ee

Antenna Radiation Pattern Statistics of Ontario
ASR-5 Radar . 2. 2 6 ee 8 ee ee te we ww

Antenna Radiation Pattern Statistics of Burbank
ASR-6 Radar . «+ © © © © © © © ee we ew ee

exii

4-8

4-18

5-8

5-30

A-14

A-26

B-27


ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The completion of the Los Angeles and San Francisco area
measurement program conducted in the 2.7-2.9 GHz band
required the contribution of many individuals. In particular,
without the able assistance and coordination provided by
Mr. John P. Kemper (FAA Western Region Frequency Management
Officer) and Mr. E. E. Angle (DOD Western Area Frequency
Coordinator) and their staff, this investigation would not
have been possible. The measurement program was also made
possible by the generous cooperation provided by the FAA
and DOD Air traffic control and radar maintenance personnel.

iv


Figure
A-26

A-27

A-28

A-29

A-31

A-32

A-33

A-34

A-35

A-36

TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS (Cont'd)

Ontario ASR-5 Antenna Pattern Measured at Los
Alamitos Using Van Dish Pointed at 40°
MEGHEELC) «oso: 0. e, & cay 0: ee © Mer s wen si le eee

Ontario ASR-5 Antenna Pattern Measured at Los
Alanitos Using AN/CPN-4 Antenna Pointed at 40°
MAQGNOELC: Ss SS Gee & Fer Wi ws Si Yee wi ek WS tee ww Core

Norton AN/MPN-13 Antenna Pattern Measured at
Los Alamitos Using AN/CPN-4 Antenna Pointed
at 56.5° Magnetic and Pulse Train Separator On.

Los Alamitos AN/CPN-4 Antenna Pattern Measured
at Long Beach Using RSMS Van Dish Pointed at
97249 MAgnette). so: wns wee & en Ss OE & Se & ee @ Ge =

Los Alamitos AN/CPN-4 Antenna Pattern Measured
at Long Beach Using ASR-5 Radar Antenna in
Circular Polarization and Pointed at 97.4°
Magnetic: i: % 5%! Bia A S Si Sissy, See A es eS

Los Alamitos AN/CPN-4 Antenna Pattern Measured
at Long Beach Using ASR-5 Radar Antenna in
Vertical Polarization and Pointed at 97.4°
Magnetic 2 «2 © 10 © 29: © sek 6 ue © jer te) © <0: @ 50

Burbank ASR-6 Antenna Pattern Measured at Long
Beach Using RSMS Van Dish Pointed at 319.6°
Magnetic: ©) o Ho v mo seule be Sens ee Se ee Ss

Oakland ASR-7 Antenna Pattern Measured at
Mountain View Using RSMS Van Dish Pointing
QUST 2 CMAGNSEEG: x6. 0: <0; a "ier oye, 9 18, Sere use

Alameda AN/MPN-11 Antenna Pattern Measured at
Mountain View Using RSMS Van Dish Pointed
at.,309° Magnetic <2. ssh eK HK He

Alameda AN/MPN-11 Antenna Pattern Measured at
Mountain View Using Mountain View Radar
Antenna Pointed at 309° Magnetic .......

Oakland ASR-7 Antenna Pattern Measured at Alameda
NAS Using RSMS Van Dish Pointed at 120°
Magnetic o, © Sey ie Se Ue eo Tee Ue & ey cee & G8

A-34

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A-38

A-40

A-41

B-42

A-44

A-45

A-46


Figure
B-14

TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS (Cont'd)

Measured and Modeled Emission Spectrum of
Burbank ASR-6 Radar... .. 2. ees

Measured and Modeled Emission Spectrum of
Los Angeles ASR-7 Radar. ....+-e-

Measured and Modeled Emission Spectrum of
Travis AFB AN/FPN-55 Radar ......

Measured and Modeled Emission Spectrum of
Almaden AN/FPS-90 Radar ........

Measured and Modeled Emission Spectrum of
Mt. Tamalpais AN/FPS-90 Radar .....

Measured and Modeled Emission Spectrum of
San Pedro Hill AN/FPS-90 Radar ....

Measured and Modeled Emission Spectrum of
Sacramento WSR-57 Radar (4.0 usec Pulse
Width Mode) . «2. ss 6 6 6% 6 #0 w 6

Modeled Radar Category IF Selectivities .

Measured Selectivity of RSMS Spectrum Analyzer.

Measured Emission Spectrum of Generator RF
PULSC! 0. 29 is, ge 0: ef; ol ©: fel Siwy © Ib) 8; Set ©

Comparison of Measured and Calculated FDR

FDR for Category 1 Transmitter Vs. Category

Receiver: sss 4.5 5 4 EB EES Se

FDR for Category 1 Transmitter Vs. Category

Receiver 2. 2 2 1 0 oe te tee ee

FDR for Category 1 Transmitter Vs. Category

Receiver 26 6 i 5 we How) si wee & BE

FDR for Category 2 Transmitter Vs. Category

Receiver . 246 se i te te ww ee

FDR for Category 2 Transmitter Vs. Category

Receiver 2. eo. 0 0, oo em ey 9 ue, 38 ©

xvii

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c-4

c-7

c-7

c-8

c-10

c-10

c-11


PREFACE

This Measurement and Model Validation report has been
prepared for the Office of Telecommunications (OT), Spectrum
Management Support Division, as part of the 2.7 to 2.9 GHz
Spectrum Resource Assessment. The report will be utilized
as background information by the Office of Telecommunications
Policy (OTP). The OTP has assigned Report Number 1/73-P2
to this memorandum.

be.
je
i


UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
OFFICE OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS

STATEMENT OF MISSION

The mission of the Office of Telecommunications in the Department
of Commerce is to assist the Department in fostering, serving, and
promoting the nation’s economic development and technological
advancement by improving man’s comprehension of telecommuni-
cation science and by assuring effective use and growth of the
nation’s telecommunication resources.

In carrying out this mission, the Office

Conducts research needed in the evaluation and development
of policy as required by the Department of Commerce

Assists other government agencies in the use of telecommuni-
cations

Conducts research, engineering, and analysis in the general
field of telecommunication science to meet government needs

Acquires, analyzes, synthesizes, and disseminates information
for the efficient use of the nation’s telecommunication re-
sources.

Performs analysis, engineering, and related administrative
functions responsive to the needs of the Director of the Office
of Telecommunications Policy, Executive Office of the Presi-
dent, in the performance of his responsibilities for the manage-
ment of the radio spectrum

Conducts research needed in the evaluation and development

of telecommunication policy as required by the Office of Tele-
communications Policy, pursuant to Executive Order 11556


A-10

TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS (Cont'd)
Simulated PPI Display of Mather AFB AN/MPN-13
with Travis AFB AN/FPN-55 Interference ....

Photograph of Mather AFB AN/MPN-13 PPI Display
with Travis AN/FPN-55 Interference ......

Photograph of Almaden AN/MPS-14 RHI Display with
Alameda AN/MPN-11 Interference ........

Simulated PPI Display of Sacramento WSR-57
with Sacramento ASR-5 Interference ......

Photograph of Sacramento WSR-57 PPI Display with
Sacramento ASR-4, Mather AFB AN/MPN-13 and
Mt. Tamalpais AN/FPS-90 Interference .... .
Three Level Antenna Pattern Representation...

Measured Elevation Antenna Radiation Pattern
Of ASR Radar .. . 2 . 2 0 ee ee et we ee

Measured Antenna Radiation Pattern of Los
Angeles ASR-7 . 2... 2+ 2 6 © © ee ee ew

Measured Antenna Radiation Pattern of Burbank
y\-) 1 a a a

Measured Antenna Radiation Pattern of Ontario
pt) od - i re a a a a}

Measured Antenna Radiation Pattern of Long
Beach ASR-5) . «6 6 we ee ee we we ew ee

Measured Antenna Radiation Pattern of Los
Alamitos AN/CPN-4 2... 2. 6 ss eee ee ew

Measured Antenna Radiation Pattern of Norton
AN/MPNW@13) . iw is se 6 eS SS eS et eo Wet

Measured Antenna Radiation Pattern of March
AN/MPN=T3) «50. 0 <0. © ce © © ie 0 ce: 0 0 8 ie °

Measured Antenna Radiation Pattern of Travis
APB AN/FPN-55) «4 66 6 6 e 8 6 we ee ew

xiii

A-10

A-11

A-12

A-13


Figure
A-37

TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS (Cont'd)

Mountain View ASR-5 Antenna Pattern Measured at

Alameda NAS Using RSMS Van Dish Pointed
129° Magnetic .....-. © ue: © kee we ex ie

at

Emission Spectrum Model for Radar with Conven-

tional Magnetron «. «: 6 «sw «<< « %

Modeled Emission Spectrum for*Category 1
Radars with Conventional Magnetrons . .

Modeled Emission Spectrum for Category 2
Radars with Conventional Magnetrons . .

Moceled Emission Spectrum for Category 3
Radars with Conventional Magnetrons . .

Modeled Emission Spectrum for Category 4
Radars with Conventional Magnetrons . .

Measured and Modeled Emission Spectrum of
Los Alamitos AN/CPN-4 Radar ......

Measured and Modeled Emission Spectrum of
Norfolk AN/CPN-4 Radar ......e..-.

Measurec anc Modeled Emission Spectrum of
Alameda AN/MPN-1l Radar .......

Measured and Modeled Emission Spectrum of
Sacramento WSR-57 Radar (0.5 usec Pulse
Mode) && fs Be eek ws SS Ss Soa

Measured and Modeled Emission Spectrum of
March AFB AN/MPN-13 Radar ......

Measured and Modeled Emission Spectrum of
Norton AFB AN/MPN-13 Radar ......

Measured and Modeled Emission Spectrum of
Ontario ASR-5 Radar . . 2. 5. 12 1 ee

Measured and Modeled Emission Spectrum of
Long Beach ASR-5 Radar ........

xvi

Width

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