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# OAR Box 1877 Prepped by Keeia Richards



### Document

Number: 

# 4 ) ll-B- 1
Docket Number: 

# A-90-1 9

Printed 12/2/200810:36:46

AM Sheet 4 of 46P. 2 

# A-90-1 9
II-B- 1 

# &2 EPA National Ai rPollutio nControl Technique s

Advisory Committee

Minute s o f Meeting Januar y 29-31 , 199 1

U
. S

. Environmental Protectio nAgenc y Emissio nStandard s Divisio n(MD-13 ) Offic e of Air Quality Plannin g an dStandard s Offic e of Air an dRadiatio n Researc hTriangl e Park , Nort hCarolin a2771 1P. 3

Apri l 17 , 199 1

SUBJECT : Distributio no f th e Minute s fo r th e Januar y 29-31 , 199 1 Meetin g o f th e Nationa l Ai r Pollutio nContro l Technique s Advisor y Committe e
TO : Se e Attache dLis t
Attache di s a cop

y o f th e minutes . Th e minute s wit hth e pinkcove r wer e copie di nOAQPS ; a reprin t (gree ncover ) wa s don e throughJudy Elkins ' office . Th e firs t copie s ar e no t a s goo da s th e reprint , s o I a m using them

fo r interna l distribution . Th e onl y plac e tha t yo uma y

hav e a problem

wit h legibilit y

i s th e recor do f attendance . I hav e th e origina l i f yo unee dt o mak e a cleare r copy . Pleas e not e tha t a

nerrat a shee t ha s bee nprepare dfo r th e dr y cleanin g portio no f th e minute s (thi s i s include dwit hyou r copy o f th e minutes) .

MARYUAH E CLARK Attachmen tP. 4

•Indicate s Presente r 4/17/91-MJC1ar k

JANUARY29 , 30 , AND31 , 199 1 NAPCTAC MEETING DISTRIBUTION

LIS T FO RMINUTE S - ES DSTAFF/CONTRACTOR S (DOCKE T COPIE S SEN T T O EPA LEADA S NOTED ) Overvie w o f Titl e II I Clea nAi r Ac t Aeendaent s - No Docke t Bil l Harnett * Definitio no f Sourc e - No Docke t Ji m Weigold * Petitio nProces s - Docke t A-90-4 8 Diann e Byrn e Judit hGraham

(ECAO ) Nanc y Pate * Sourc e Categor y

Lis t - Docke t A-90-4 9 Joe l Watson-Radia n Kare nBlanchar d Bo bRosensteel * Ti m Mohi n Earl v Eaissio nReductio n- Docke t A-90-4 7 Lind a Chapu t Dav e Beck * Dr y Cleanin g - Docke t A-88-1 1 Ki m Kepford/CarolynNorris-Radia n Shirle yTable rBrend a Jellicorse-RT I Dav e Beck * To m Walto n Ethylen e Oxid e Co—ercia l Sterilizer s - Docke t A-88-0 3 Bet hFriedman/Va l deOlloqui-MR I Dav e Markwordt * Chroei f Electroplatin g - Docke t A-88-0 2 Robi nBarker-MR I Fre dDimmic kAl Weh e Lali t Banker * Al Vervaer t Andy Smith * (no t sent--n o longe r i nESD ) Hazardou s Organi c NESHA P (HON ) o nSourc e Categorie s inth e Cheaica l Industr y Docket s A-90-19/A-90-20/A-90-21/A-90-22/A-90-2 3 Lesli e Evan s BobRosensteel * Randy McDonal d JanMeye r Penn y Lassite r Asbestos-Coeorehensiv e Revision s - Docke t A-90-4 0 M1k e Laney-RT I Sim s Roy * Gary McAliste r 

### Municipa l Wast e CoufeustQrs Davi dWhite-Radia n Wal t Stevenso nJi m Kilgroe-OR D Mik e Johnston * Fre dPorte r 

## TankVesse l Standard s Becky Nicholson/Davi dKapella-MR I Dav e Markwordt *P. 5

U.S . ENVIRONMENTA L PROTECTIO NAGENC Y

. NATIONA L AI R POLLUTIO NCONTRO L TECHNIQUE S ADVISOR Y COMMITTE E Cnairperso n and Designate d Federa l Officia l Director , Emissio n Standard s Divisio n (MD-13 ) Offic e o f Ai r Qualit yPlannin g and Standard s U . S . Environmenta l Protectio n Agenc y Researc hTriangl e Park , Nort hCarolin a 2771 1 (919 ) 541-557 2 FTS : 629-557 2 COMMITTE E MEMBER S Mr . Pau l H . Arbesman * Director , Pollutio n Contro l Al l ied-Signal,Inc
. Columbi a Roa d and Par k Avenu e Morristown , Ne wJerse y0796 2 (201 ) 455-428 6

Arkel l Mr , Donal d R . Directo r Lan e Regiona l * 3 Pollutio n Authorit y Z2 5 ciorzn

St n oLreet-Sun e 50 1 Springfield , Orego n 9747 7 (503 ) 726-251 4 Dr . Patric k R . Atkin s Director , Environmenta l Contro l Aluminu mCompan yo f Americ a 150 1 Alco a Buildin g Pittsburgh , Pennsylvani a 1521 9 (412 ) 553-380 5

Mr . Charle s A . Collins * Administrator , Ai r Qualit yDivisio n Wyomin g Departmen t o f Environmenta l Qualit y 12 2 Wes t 25t hStree t Cheyenne , Wyomin g 8200 2 (307 ) 777-739 1 Mr . Willia mJ . Dennison * Denniso n an

d Associate s 4 Cintila r Irvine , Californi a 9272 0 (714 ) 573-073 8 (formerl yDirecto r o f Engineering , Sout hCoas t Ai r Qualit yManagemen t District ) Mr . Ralp hE . Hise * Presiden t Advance d Technologie s Management , Inc . 296 4 Falmout hRoa d Cleveland , Ohi o 4412 2 (216 ) 751-513 5 Mr . Jame s A . Marti n Presiden t Environmenta l System s Divisio n Ase a Brow n Boveri , Inc . Pos t Offic e Bo x 4303 0 Birmingham , Alabam a 3524 3 (205 ) 991-283 2 Ms . Vivia n M . Mclntir e Environmenta l Affair s Eastma n Chemical s Compan y Pos t Offic e Bo x 51 1 Kingsport , Tennesse e 3766 2 (615 ) 229-304 5 Mr

. Willia m O'Sullivan * Assistan t Directo r Ai r Qualit yEngineerin g an d Technolog y N.J . Departmen t o f Environmenta l Protectio n 40 1 Eas t Stat e Street , CN02 7 Trenton , Ne wJerse y0862 5 (609 ) 984-672 1 Dr . Joh n E . Pinkerton * Progra mDirector , Ai r Qualit y Nationa l Counci l o f th e Pape r Industr y fo r Ai r and Strea mImprovement , Inc . 26 0 Madiso n Avenu e Ne wYork , Ne wYor k 1001 6 (212 ) 532-9047 Ms . Debora hA . Sheima n Resourc e Specialis t Natura l Resource s Defens e 135 0 Ne wYor k Avenue , N.W . Washington , D . C . 2000 5 (202 ) 783-780 0 Counci l -Suit e 30 0



### ;n a Januar y199 1 n iP. 6

X . NATIONAL EMISSIONSTANDARD S FO R HAZARDOU S AI R POLLUTANT S (NESHAP ) BASE D O NMAXIMU

M -ACHIEVABL E CONTRO L TECHNOLOG Y (MACT )
EP APRESENTATION
Mr . Rober t E . Rosenstee l Emissio n Standard s Divisio n Offic e o f Ai r Qualit yPlanning an d Standard s U.S . Environmenta l Protectio n Agenc y Researc h Triangl e Park , NC 2771 1
SUMMAR Y
EP Areporte d t o th e Nationa l Ai r Pollutio n Contro l Technique s AdvisoryCommitte e (NAPCTAC ) on th e developmen t o f Nationa l Emissio n Standard s fo r Hazardou s Ai r Pollutant s (NESHAP ) fo r hazardou s organics
. Th e Hazardou s Organi c NESHA P (HON) , being

. develope d unde r Grou p I Standard s o f Titl e II I o f th e Clea n Ai r

• Ac t Amendments , wil l regulat e th e Syntheti c Organi c Chemica l Manufacturin g Industry(SOCMI)
. Th e presentatio n covere d th e significanc e an d scop e o f HON , HO

N emissio n sources , candidat e technologie s being considere d t o determin e Maximu

mAchievabl e Contro l Technologie s (MACT) , impact s an d economi c analyses , regulatoryoption s development , interaction s wit h externa l groups , an d th e projec t schedule
. Thi s sectio n summarize s th e presentation , a cop yo f whic h i s include d a s Attachmen t l
.
HO Ncontribute s significantl yt o th e Titl e II I requiremen t t o se t standard s fo r 4 0 o r mor e sourc e categorie s o r subcategorie s withi n 2 year s o f enactmen t o f th e Clean Ai r Ac t Amendment s (CAAA) , an

d regulate s a larg e portio n o f SOCMI , including a s man y a s 11 0 o f th e 18 9 Hazardou s Ai r Pollutant s (HAPs ) liste d i n th e CAAA . ASOCM I productio n proces s i s regulate d unde r th e HO Ni fP. 7

i t produce s o r use s on e o r mor e o f th e approximatel y11 0 SOCM I HAP s include d i n th e CAAA . HO Ninclude s 40 0 subcategorie s an d affect s approximatel y100 0 individua l proces s unit s a s estimate d b you r analysi s a t thi s time
. HONemissio n source s includ e equipmen t leaks , proces s vents , storag e vessels , transfe r operations ; an d wastewate r operations
. Adeterminatio n o f MAC T wil l b e mad e fo r eac h o f thes e emissio n sources . Thi s determinatio n wil l includ e selectio n o f contro l technique s (including pollutio n preventio n options ) an d applicabilit ycriteri a t o determin e wha t classes , types , an d size s o f SOCM I source s ar e require d t o appl ycontrol
. Contro l technique s hav e alread ybee n identifie d base d on pas t an d curren t rulemakin g efforts
. Thes e control s ver s selecte d t c resul t ir
. maximu memissio n reductio n fo r eac h o f tn e fiv e emissio n sourc e types . Applicabilit ycriteri a wil l b e th e focu s o f futur e regulatoryoption s analysis
. Contro l an d pollutio n preventio n technique s fo r eac h sourc e typ e ar e liste d i n Tabl e 1 o f Attachmen t 1
. Th e impact s analysi s fo r th e HO Ni s a four-ste p approac h tha t include s characterizatio n o f th e industry , developmen t o f mode l emissio n source s uniqu e t o eac h sourc e type , assignmen t o f model s t o eac h productio n process , an d estimatio n o f emissions , emissio n reductions , an

d contro l costs . Economi c analyse s wil l b e conducte d t o determin e respons e t o regulation s an d th e nee d fo r additiona l analyse s fo r a subse t o f chemicals
. Cumulativ e cost , chemica l cos t increases , an d detaile d an

d marke t analysi s o f selecte d subset s wil l b e include d i n th e economi c analyses
. Regulatoryoption s wil l b e developed ' fo r four o f th e emissio n sourc e types . Option s fo r equipmen t leak s wil l no t b e evaluate d i n th e HON . Regulatoryoption s wil l compris e bot h contro l technologie s an

d applicabilit ycriteri a an d wil l b e a t leas t a s stringen t a s th e MAC T floors
. Applicabilit ycriteri a wil l

9 (. 4P. 8

includ e measurabl e characteristic s o f th e emissio n sourc e an d chemica l propertie s a s show n i n Tabl e 2
. Th e impact s considere d fo r regulatoryoption s includ e baselin e emissions , MAC T floor , HAP an d VO C emissio n reduction , incrementa l emissio n reduction , numbe r an

d percen t o f emissio n source s controlled , annualize d an d incrementa l contro l costs , averag e an d incrementa l cos t effectiveness , an

d chemica l cos t increases
. Othe r environmenta l an d energ yimpacts , including barrel s o f oi l equivalent , wate r impacts , an

d secondaryai r emissio n impacts , wil l als o b e estimated
.
EP Aha s me t o r mad e contac t wit h severa l externa l group s i n th e proces s o f developing th e HO Nstandards
. Thes e group s includ e "h s -T h emica l Mar.ufaczursr n .'___3cci__'c;._;r

_'TMA ; ~r. e 5v r.ir.'j-z:..

. Organi c Chemica l Manufacturer s Associatio n (SOCMA) , th e Stat e an d Territoria l Ai r Pollutio n Progra mAdministrators/Associatio n o f Loca l Ai r Pollutio n Contro l Official s (STAPPA/ALAPCO) , th e Nationa l Associatio n o f Manufacturer s (NAM) , an d th e Nationa l Resource s Defens e Counci l (NRDC)
. Additiona l contac t wit h thes e an d othe r group s i s expected
. Th e curren t schedul e call s fo r HO N standard s t o b e propose d o n Novembe r 22 , 1991 , an d promulgate d o n Novembe r 15 , 1992
.
DISCUSSIO N
Following th e presentation , Committe e membe r Ms . Deborah Sheima n (NRDC ) aske d ho wcutoff s fo r th e differen t sourc e categorie s wil l b e determine d an

d ho wtheywil l compar e wit h NSP S cutoffs
. Mr . Rosensteel , EPA , replie d tha t differen t cutoff s incorporating variou s degree s o f stringenc ywil l b e developed , base d o n applicabilit ycriteria
. Fo r example , siz e an d vapo r pressur e wil l b e considere d fo r storag e vessels , an d strea mflowan

d concentratio n wil l b e considere d fo r proces s vents . NSP S cutoff s wil l b e considere d a s an ai d i n developing th e MAC T floor , bu t ar e no t expecte d t o b e adopte d a s cutoff s fo r thes e rules
.P. 9

M s . Sheima n inquire d wha t standard s wil l b e require d fo r emissio n source s belo wth e cutoff
. Mr . Rosenstee l responde d tha t thes e source s wil l hav e t o maintai n strea mcharacteristic s belo wth e cutof f level
. Ms . Sheima n argue d fo r developmen t o f contro l requirement s fo r source s bot habov e an d belo wth e cutoff , an d indicate d tha t source s belo wth e cutof f shoul d als o b e require d t o reduc e emissions
. Mr . Rosenstee l replie d tha t thes e source s d o hav e t o maintai n emission s belo wth e cutof f level
.
Whil e sh e acknowledge d th e limite d tim e availabl e t o gathe r information , Ms . Sheima n indicate d tha t EP Ashoul d gathe r mor e source-specifi c dat a i n orde r t o develo p mor e robus t standards
. M r . Rosenstee l indicate d tha t i t wa s impractica l t o gathe r an d _._*•.*•_ . "— 3 • —-.*<

a-y —- - ;a~ a _

~Zm 7 ~r_ s 3nti_T 3 l_iau3~r"*
. Mr . J"i.7
. "***5-_.'zcl_

- EPA , adde d tha t previou s effort s t o regulat e thi s industr yha d bee n thwarte d b ya cycl e o f continua l analysi s an d tha t discipline d actio n wa s necessar yt o implemen t controls
. M r . Weigol d adde d tha t EP Awoul d us e an yinformatio n provided
.
Committe e membe r Ralp hHis e (Advance d Technologie s Management ) questione d whethe r i t wa s practica l t o develo p standard s fo r 40 0 subcategorie s i n 2 years , considerin g tha t th e la wonl ycall s fo r th e developmen t o f 40
. Mr . Rosenstee l replie d tha t similaritie s amon g al l th e processe s an d contro l technique s make s i t practica l t o develo p th e standard s simultaneously
. Mr . His e questione d whethe r 100 0 proces s unit s o r 100 0 chemical s wer e bein g regulated , an d inquire d abou t th e tota l numbe r o f majo r are a sources . Mr . Rosenstee l responde d tha t 100 0 proces s unit s i s ou r curren t estimate , an d tha t th e numbe r o f majo r an d mino r source s ha s no t ye t bee n analyzed
. H e indicate d tha t ther e ar e 600 0 proces s unit s i n th e chemica l an d allie d industrie s [Standar d Industria l Classificatio n (SIC ) Cod e 28 ] an d tha t th e SOCM I i s a subse t o f SI C 28
. Mr . Rosenstee l adde d tha t ou r estimate s sho wth e SOCM I accountin g fo r 100 0 proces s unit s wit haP.1 0

/ judgemen t tha t th e HO Nwoul d no t affec t mor e tha n 200 0 proces s units
. . Committe e membe r Vivia n Mclntir e (Eastman Chemical s Company ) complimente d EPAo n thei r pollutio n preventio n approach , encourage d EP

At o develo p flexibl e standards , an d indicate d th e nee d t o conside r ho wcomplianc e wil l b e demonstrated , a s i t wil l b e hard t o quantif yth e effect s o f proces s changes
. Sh e als o inquire d whethe r facilitie s tha t recycl e an d recove r chemical s woul d b e subjec t t o th e HON . Mr . Rosenstee l replie d tha t thes e facilitie s probabl ywoul d b e s o regulated
. Mr . Rosenstee l adde d tha t previou s applicabilit ydecision s o n th e distillatio n NSP S considere d recoveryfacilitie s t o b e subjec t t o th e rul e i f they
. cr~duc 3
_

. SOC_i I chemica l fc r sals
.
Ms . Mclntir e indicate d tha t mos t wastewate r treatmen t plant s hav e mixture s o f potentiall yregulate d an d non-regulate d chemical s an d questione d whethe r suc h mixture s woul d b e controlle d unde r th e HON . Ms . Mclntir e indicate d tha t furthe r descriptio n woul d b e needed , a s man

yfacilitie s combin e man ystream s fro

mman ytype s of
. processes . Ms . Penn yLassiter , EPA , replie d tha t determination s o f contro l requirement s woul d b e mad e a t th e poin t o f generatio n o f th e stream . However , fo r treatment , stream s coul d b e combined
. Ms . Lassite r adde d tha t stream s woul d b e considere d a t th e poin t o f generatio n sinc e a fe wstream s represen t a larg e percentag e o f th e emissio n potential , an d i t i s mor e efficien t t o contro l thembefor e mixing
.
Ms . Mclntir e the n aske d ho wth e HO Nstandard s woul d interfac e wit h thos e i n th e Resource.Conservatio n an d RecoveryAc t (RCRA)
. Ms . Susa n Wyatt , EPA , replie d tha t HONan d RCR Aregulation s complemen t eac h other , a s wastewate r tank s ar e no t covere d unde r RCRA . Ms . Mclntir e inquire d whic h rul e woul d cove r sewers . Ms . Wyat t replie d tha t HO Nwoul d regulat e emission s fro msewer s an d sumps . Ms . Wyat t adde d that , sinc e EPA' s Emissio n Standar d

<_6 7P.1 1

Divisio n i s developin g bot h th e RCR Aan d th e HON , th e tw o rulemaking s will-b e wel l coordinated
.
Ms . Mclntir e questione d wh ycontro l efficienc yfo r equipmen t leak s wa s se t a t 85-8 8 percen t rathe r tha n 88-9 0 percent , an d aske d whethe r credit s fo r 9 0 percen t earl yreductio n woul d b e given
. Mr . Rosenstee l replie d tha t th e percentage s wer e preliminarynumber s tha t mayb e change d an d woul d i n an

ycas e depend o n site-specifi c proces s characteristics
. Ms . Mclntir e als o inquire d whethe r fugitiv e emission s coul d b e considere d fo r th e 9 0 percen t earl yreductio n credit
. Mr . Weigol d replie d tha t th e amoun t o f credi t fo r fugitiv e emission s wa s unde r debate
. Ms . Mclntir e emphasize d th e importanc e o f industryoption s an d flexibl e ccr.arci s fc r MACT , an d advocate d th e allowanc e c f alternative s t o corr.bu.s-io n control
. Mr . TRosenstee l responde d tha t performanc e standard s woul d b e emphasize d an d coul d b e me t usin g an

ytechnology
. Ms . Mclntir e commente d tha t increase d N0 X an d C O emission s ar e likel yeffect s o f complianc e i f combustio n i s used
. Mr . Weigold*indicate d tha t EP Awoul d conside r NO xan d C O emissio n level s fro mcombustio n devices
. Mr . Weigol d als o mentione d tha t th e relativ e wort h o f HAP emissio n reductio n an d NOx /C O emissio n increas e woul d nee d t o b e determined
. Committe e membe r Willia m0'Sullivan (Ne

wJerse yDepartmen t o f Environmenta l Protection ) commente d tha t flare s mayno t b e a s efficien t a s incinerator s an d tha t enclose d flare s mayperform bette r tha n ope n flares
. Mr . Rosenstee l replie d tha t previou s researc h define d flar e operating condition s an d showed,that , whe n operate d properly , bot h ope n an d enclose d flare s ar e efficient
. Mr . 0*Sulliva n inquire d whethe r carbo n adsorber s wer e included , Mr . Rosenstee l responde d that , whil e no t specificall yliste d i n th e handout , carbo n adsorber s ar e a pollutio n preventio n devic e tha t individua l facilit yowner s coul d conside r using
.P.1 2

Mr . O 1 Sulliva n commente d tha t bot h vapo r pressur e an d weigh t percen t HAP concentratio n shoul d b e include d a s an applicabilit y criteri a fo r proces s vent s i n orde r t o determin e i f condensatio n woul d work
. Mr . Rosenstee l indicate d tha t vapo r pressur e i s a variabl e tha t th e individua l sourc e need s t o obtai n i f considering condensatio n a s a techniqu e fo r reducing thei r organi c emissions
. I t i s no t a variabl e tha t need s t o b e considere d a s applicabilit ycriteri a fo r combustion
. Individua l facilit yowner s can evaluat e whethe r condensatio n i s a practica l alternativ e t o combustio n fo r thei r strea mcharacteristics
. Ms . Mclntir e recommende d movin g th e proposa l dat e fro m Novembe r 22 , i n orde r t o avoi d conflic t wit h th e Thanksgivin g holiday
. Mr . Charle s Collin s (Wyomin g Departmen t o f Environmenta l Quality ) asked vherhe r ch e standard crac-uas d sending wastewate r t o publi c treatmen t facilities
. Ms . Wyat t responde d tha t i f emission s wer e abov e th e cutof f level , wastewate r stream s maynee d t o b e treate d befor e being sen t t o publi c facilities
. Committe e membe r Pau l Arbesma n (Allied-Signal , Inc. ) emphasize d th e importanc e o f adequat e informatio n t o develo p th e rules , an d inquire d wha t th e forma t o f th e standar d woul d be , noting tha t simpl e concentratio n standard s had bee n problematic
. H e als o indicate d tha t effluen t guideline s o n concentratio n level s wer e difficul t t o implement , especiall yconsidering wate r conservatio n efforts
. Mr . Rosenstee l replie d tha t a numbe r o f applicabilit y. criteri a cutoff s woul d b e considered , including HA P weigh t percen t an

d flow
. (Se e Tabl e 2 o f Attachmen t 1. ) Ms . Wyat t adde d tha t proces s ven t unit s exceeding th e cutof f woul d probabl y hav e t o mee t a percen t control
. Mr . Arbesma n als o inquire d whethe r Appendi x Ao f th e HO Novervie wpape r (Decembe r 1990 ) corresponde d t o th e 11 0 HAPs . Mr . Rosenstee l responde d tha t Appendi x Ainclude d productio n o f th e 11 0 SOCM I HAPs , a s wel l a s SOCM I chemical s tha t us e a HAP i n thei r production
.P.1 3

Ms . Mclntir e inquire d whethe r proces s ven t batc h operation s woul d b e regulated
. Mr . Rosenstee l replie d tha t proces s ven t emission s frombatc h operation s woul d b e exemp t unde r HON , a s the ywil l b e covere d i n anothe r rulemakin g effort
. Committe e membe r WilliamDenniso n (Denniso n an d Associates ) commente d tha t th e equipmen t leak s par t o f th e HONregulatio n shoul d als o specif y pum p seal s an

d valv e packin g requirements
. Mr . Rosenstee l indicate d tha t furthe r specifi c requirements , includin g us e o f superio r eguipment , hav e bee n develope d durin g th e equipmen t leak s negotiate d regulation
. I t wa s no t possibl e t o includ e al l o f thes e specific s o n th e handout
.P.1 4

ATTACHMEN T 1



# HAZARDOU S ORGANI C NESHA P (HON ) NATIONAL AI RPOLLUTION CONTRO L TECHNIQUE S ADVISORYCOMMITTE E
JANUARY30 , 199 1P.1 5



# OUTLIN E SIGNIFICANC E O F HO

N SCOP E O F HO

N HO N EMISSION

SOURCE S DETERMINATION

O F MAC T IMPACT S ANALYSI S ECONOMI C ANALYSI S REGULATORYOPTION S DEVELOPMEN T INTERACTION S WIT HEXTERNAL GROUP S PROJEC T SCHEDUL EP.1 6



# SIGNIFICANC E O F HO

N

• MEET S TITL E II I REQUIREMEN T T OSE T STANDARD S FO

R4 0 O RMOR E SOURC E CATEGORIE S WITHI N

2 YEAr. S O F CLcA

N AI RAC T AMENDMEN T (CAAA ) ENACTMEN T

• REGULATE S A

LARG E PORTION

O F SYNTHETI C ORGANI C CHEMICAL MANUFACTURINGINDUSTRY(SOCMI ) AN D UP T O11 0 O F TH E 18 9 HAP s LISTE DIN TH E CAA A

o A N ESTIMAT E BASE DO

N TRI S INDICATE S THA T 6 T O1 0 PERCEN T O F HA P EMISSION S FO

RTHES E 11 0 ORIGINAT E FRO M SOCM IP.1 7



# SCOP E O F HO

N

A SOCM I PRODUCTION

PROCES S I S INCLUDE DI F IT : (1 ) PRODUCE S (A

S A O90DUCT . CO-PRODUCT , BY-PRODUCT , OR INTERMEDIATE ) 1 O

RMOR E O F TH E APPROXIMATEL Y11 0 SOCM I HAP s INCLUDE DIN

TH E CA A AMENDMENT S LIS T O F 18 9 HAPs ; OR (2 ) USE S 1 ORMOR E O F TH E APPROXIMATEL Y11 0 SOCM I HAP s A S A REACTAN T ORRA

W MATERIAL .

->7< 1P.1 8



# SCOP E O F HO

N (CONTINUED )

©INCLUDE S ABOU T 40 0 SUBCATEGORIES . TOTAL PRODUCTION

CAPACIT YFO

RTHES E CHEMICAL S I S 7 0 MILLION METRI C TON S (MG ) PERYEAR .
e TH E HO

N MA YAFFEC T APPROXIMATEL Y 1,00 0 INDIVIDUAL PROCES S UNITS .P.1 9



# HON EMISSION

SOURCE S

• EQUIPMEN T LEAK S

• PROCES S VENT S ©STORAG E VESSEL S ©TRANSFE ROPERATION S ©WASTEWATE ROPERATION S

# WHA

TAR E TH E AFFECTE D SOURC E TYPES ?
STORAG E TANK S

(2 ) 

# EQUIPMEN T LEAK S
WASTEWATE R

(4 ) 

# PROCES S VENT S 0 ) Ai roxidatio n Distillatio n Reactor s Organi cEmission s Int o Atmosher e I f Uncontrolle d



# TRANSFE R

(5 )

r o oP.2 1



## DETERMINATIO N O

F MAXIMU M ACHIEVABL E CONTRO L TECHNOLOG

Y(MACT

)

•INCLUDE S SELECTIO N OF : (1 ) CONTRO

L TECHNIQUES INCLUDIN G POLLUTIO N PREVENTIO N OPTIONS , AND (2 ) APPLICABILIT YCRITERI A T O DETERMIN E WHA

TCLASSES , TYPES , AND SIZE S O F SOCM I SOURCE S AR E REQUIRE D T

O APPL Y CONTROL.

n ^ QP.2 2



# DETERMINATION

O F MAXIMU

M ACHIEVABL E CONTRO L TECHNOLOG Y(MACT ) (CONTINUED )

- CONTRO L T 

# ECHMI(.UE S "AVE BEEN IDENTIFIED . THES E CONTROL S RESUL T IN MAXIMU M EMISSION

REDUCTION

FO R EAC HO F TH E FIVE EMISSION SOURC E TYPES . TH E SELECTION

O F CONTROL S WA S BASE DO

N PAS T ANDCURREN T RULEMAKIN GEFFORTS .
o APPLICABILIT YCRITERI A WIL L B E TH E FOCU S O F FUTUR E REGULATOR YOPTION S DEVELOPMEN T FO

RTH E HON .

## TABL

E 1 . CONTRO

L TECHNIQUE

S AN D POLLUTIO

N PREVENTIO

N TECHNIQUE

S
SOURC E TYPE S (CONTRO L EFFICIENCY ) CONTRO L TECHNIQU E

EQUIPMEN T LEAK S 

## (85-88% ) POLLUTION PREVENTIO N TECHNIQUE S
LEA KDETECTIO N

AND REPAIR , IMPROVE D MAINTENANC E PRACTIC E

C O o 

### PROCES S VENT S 

## (98% ) - FLAR E

- THERMAL INCINERATO R

- THERMAL INCINERATO R PLU S SCRUBBE R INCREASE D PRODUC T RECOVERYEFFICIENC Y

STORAG E TANK S 

## (-95% ) INTERNAL FLOATING ROO F

- CONDENSE R

## TABL

E 1 . CONTRO

L TECHNIQUE

S AN D POLLUTIO

N PREVENTIO

N TECHNIQUE

S
SOURC E TYPE S (CONTRO L EFFICIENCY ) CONTRO L TECHNIQU E

TRANSFE ROPERATION S 

## (98% ) - FLAR E

- THERMA L INCINERATOR

- THERMAL INCINERATOR PLU S SCRUBBE R POLLUTION PREVENTION TECHNIQUE S

- PROCES S CHANG E (VAPO RBALANCING )

WASTEWATE R 

## (-95% ) STEA M STRIPPE R PROCES S .CHANGE S T O REDUC E LOSSE S RECYCLINGO F WASTE S T O PROCES S

EMISSION S MA

YALS O B E VENTE D T O EXISTIN GBOIL___IS ORPROCES S HEATER S A S A N ENERGYCONSERVATION MEASURE .

r oP.2 5



# IMPACT S ANALYSI S ©FOU RSTE P APPROAC H (1 ) CHARACTERIZATION O F INDUSTRY (E.G. , 

# PRODUCE RIDENTIFICATION , CAPACITY , PROCES S TYPE , COMPLEXITY , GEOGRAPHI C LOCATION ) (2 ) DEVELOPMEN T O F MODE L EMISSION SOURCE S UNIQU E T OEAC HSOURC E TYP E (3 ) ASSIGNMEN T O F MODELS T OEAC H PRODUCTION

PROCES S (4 ) ESTIMATION

O F EMISSIONS , EMISSION S REDUCTIONS , AND CONTRO L COST S ©CONSIDER S EXISTIN

GCONTRO L REQUIREMENT SP.2 6



# ECONOMI C ANALYSI S ©PURPOSE S (1 ) DETERMIN E RESPONS E T O REGULATION S (2 ) DETERMIN E WHA T ADDITIONAL ANALYSE S AR E NEEDE DP_2Z
_



# ECONOMI C ANALYSI S (CONTINUED ) ©APPROAC HFOR . HO

N (1 ) CUMULATIVE COS T (2 ) CHEMICAL COS T INCREASE S (3 ) SUBSE T SELECTION FO RDETAILE D ANALYSI S (4 ) MARKE T ANALYSI S O F SUBSE T

284P.2 8



# REGULATOR YOPTION S DEVELOPMEN T

« REGULATOR S :?-:;M S WIL L •£ DEVELOPE DFO

REAC HO F TH E FOU

R EMISSION SOURC E TYPE S (OPTION S FO R EQUIPMEN T LEAK S WIL L NO T B E EVALUATE DIN

TH E HON ) ©AL L OPTION S WIL L B E A T LEAS T A S STRINGEN T A S TH E MAC T FLOOR S

9QC *P.2 9



# REGULATORYOPTION S DEVELOPMEN T (CONTINUED )

• REGULATORYOPTION S WIL L INCLUD E CONTRO L LEVEL S PREVIOUSL YPRESENTE D FO RSTORAGE ) ANDAPPLICABILIT Y CRITERI A ©APPLICABILITYCRITERI A WIL L INCLUD E MEASURABL E CHARACTERISTIC S O F TH E EMISSION SOURC E ANDCHEMICAL PROPERTIES . SE E TABL E 2 .

28 6P.3 0



# TABL E 2 . CANDIDAT E APPLICABILIT YCRITERI A SOURC E TYP E
EQUIPMEN T LEAK S
PROCES S VENT S

STORAG E CANDIDAT E APPLICABILIT Y

CRITERI A

- HAP SERVIC E (A

T LEAS T 5 % B YWEIGHT) *

•



# - r 

# L0WRA T 

# E

- HAP WEIGH T PERCEN T

- HEAT CONTEN T

- TAN KSIZ E

- VAPORPRESSUR E O F HAP
HA S BEEN DETERMINE DFRO

M REGULATOR Y NEGOTIATION , WIL L NO T B E ANALYZE DFO RHO NP.3 1



# TABL E 2 . (CONTINUED ) SOURC E TYP E CANDIDAT E APPLICABILIT Y

CRITERI A TRANSFE R - THROUGHPU T

- VAPORPRESSUR E O F HAP
WASTEWATE R - FLOWRAT E

- VHAP CONCENTRATION

28 8P.3 2



# • IMPACT S PRESENTE DFO RREGULATOR Y OPTION S

- BASELIN E EMISSION S

- MAC T FLOOR

- EMISSION

REDUCTION

(HA P ANDVOC )

- INCREMENTAL EMISSION REDUCTION

- NUMBE RANDPERCEN T O F EMISSION SOURCE S CONTROLLE D

- CONTRO L COST S (ANNUALIZED )

- INCREMENTAL CONTRO L COST S

- AVERAG E COS T EFFECTIVENES S

- INCREMENTAL COS T EFFECTIVENES S

- CHEMICAL COS T INCREASE S

'*O CP.3 3



# • OTHE RENVIRONMENTAL ANDENERGY IMPACT S WIL L 1LS O.ZES T 

# IM£TE_ . T ENERGYIMPACT S (BARREL S O F OI L EQUIVALENT )

- WATE RIMPACT S

- SECONDAR YAI REMISSION IMPACT S

?9 QP.3 4



# INTERACTION S WIT HEXTERNAL GROUP S

CM A SOCM A STAPPA/ALAPC O NA M NRD CP.3 5



## HO N PROJEC TSCHEDUL E
PROPOSA L PROMULGATIO N 

# 11/22/9 1 11/15/9 2

on .P.3 6

/ / If 

## Institute ADivision

of The Society of The Plastics Industry, Inc.

COMMENT S O

N TH E EP A HAZARDOU S ORGANI C NESHA P (HON ) PROJEC T
Th e Viny l Institute , a divisio n o f Th e Societ yo f th e Plastic s Industry , Inc.* ^ i s please d t o provid e thes e comment s t o th e Nationa l Ai r Pollutio n Contro l Technique s Advisory Commit-_.e

e (NAPCTAC ) o n th e U.S . Environmenta l Protectio n

Chemica l Manufacturin g Industry("SOCMI" ) unde r th e Nationa l Emissio n Standard s fo r Hazardou s Ai r Pollutant s ("NESHAP" ) fo r Hazardou s Organics , otherwis e know n a s th e HONprogram .
Member s o f th e Viny l Institut e represen t th e majorit y
o f domesti c manufacturer s o f viny l chloride , polyviny l

1/ SPJ : i s a 2,00 0 membe r not-for-profi t trad e organizatio n representatio n al l segment s o f th e plastic s industryi n th e Unite d States . Th e Society' s member s includ e processor s an d manufacturer s o f plastic s an d plasti c products , supplier s o f rawmaterial , processor s an d converter s o f plasti c resin s an d manufacturer s o f accessoryequipmen t fo r th e plasti c industry
. Founde d i n 1937 , SP I i s th e majo r nationa l trad e associatio n o f th e plctstic s industry
.

Member s o f th e Viny l Institut e includ e th e B F Goodric h Company , Borde n Chemical s an d Plastics ' Industries , CertainTee d Corporation , Th e DowChemica l Company , Georgi a Gul f Corpora

tion , Occidenta l Chemica l Corporation , PP G Industries , Inc. , PW Resins , Shintech , Inc. , an d Vist a Chemical
. Member s o f th e Viny l Institut e accoun t fo r approximatel y82 % o f th e domesti c productio n o f viny l chlorid e an d 63 % o f th e domesti c productio n o f polyviny l chloride
.

Wayne Interchange

Plaza II •75 5 Route

46 West • Wayne, NJ

07470 •(201) 890-9299P.3 7

- 2 -
chloride , an

d ethylen e dichloride
. Becaus e thes e substance s
ar e liste d unde r newl yamende d sectio n 11 2 o f th e Clea n Ai r Act , an d becaus e man

yViny l Institut e member s fal l withi n th e SOCM I poin t sourc e category , th e developing HONregulation s ar e
o f significan t concern . EPAmus t carefull yconside r th e interrelationshi p betwee n specifi c standard s fo r individua l substance s suc h a s viny l chlorid e an d genera l standard s suc h a s thos e presente d i n th e HONan d equipmen t leak s proceedings
.

Ay __iC u ____ __'- » .i*** . . * ^. w

_!_..___.__ .

Th e Clea n Ai r Ac t Amendment s o f 199 0 direc t EPAt o establis h sourc e categorie s an d subcategorie s fo r facilitie s emittin g an

yo f th e liste d hazardou s ai r pollutant s specifie d i n Sectio n 112(b)
. EPAmus t the n promulgat e regulation s specifying maximu

machievabl e contro l technolog y(MACT ) fo r
suc h categorie s an

d subcategories
. Th e initia l regulation s wil l b e subsequentl yfollowe d b ya residua l ris k analysis
.

Th e curren t EPAproposa l woul d establis h broa d MAC T requirement s fo r five emissio n source s — .proces s vents , wastewate r treatmen t operations , storag e tanks , transfe r operation s an

d equipmen t leaks
. Equipmen t leak s are , however , addresse d i n a separat e regulatoryproceeding
. EPAi s t o evaluat e possibl e contro l technologie s i n ligh t o f specifi c sourc e categories , emissio n levels , productio n rate s o rP.3 8

- 3 -
capacities , chemica l properties , o r physica l characteristic s
an d base d o n it s evaluatio n determin e th e appropriatenes s o f mandatin g a particula r contro l technolog ya s MACT .

Th e lis t o f hazardou s ai r pollutant s specifie d i n Sectio n 112(b ) o f th e Clea n Ai r Ac t include s chemical s fo r whic h EPAha s alread ypromulgate d NESHAP regulations
. Fo r example , a NESHA P ha s bee n establishe d fo r viny l chlorid e whic h applie s t o viny l chlorid e emission s fro methylen e dichlorid e

4 0 C.F.R . § 61.6 0 (1989)
.

Viny l chlorid e i s on e o f onl yseve n pollutant s tha t
wer e regulate d unde r forme r Sectio n 11 2 prio r t o th e 199 0 amendments. * Th e rul e wa s initiall ypromulgate d i n 197 6 an d underwen t extensiv e revie wleading t o mino r revision s i n 1986
. Th e rul e wa s mos t recentl yamende d i n 1990
. 4 1 Fed
. Reg . 4656 1 (Oct
. 21 , 1976) ; 5 1 Fed
. Reg . 3490 4 (Sept
. 30 , 1986) ; 5 5 Fed
. Reg . 2334 6 (July10 , 1990)
. A s par t o f th e 198 6 revisions , EP A reviewe d availabl e contro l technology
. A t tha t time , EP A conclude d tha t ther e wa s n o preferabl e proces s o r contro l technolog

ysuperio r t o tha t mandate d b yth e standard
. 5 0 Fed
. Reg . 1182 , 1183-118 6 (Jan
. 9 , 1985)
. .

Th e member s o f th e Viny l Institut e ar e concerne d abou t potentia l redundanc yo r conflic t arising betwee n a generall y

O Q CP.3 9

- 4 -
applicabl e HO Nregulatio n an d th e existin g viny l chlorid e NESHAP . Concern s i n thi s regar d ma yb e mor e clearl ystate d afte r reviewin g th e situatio n tha t migh t exis t wit h regar d t o specific , emissio n sourc e types .

B . HO N

PROPOSA L AN D TH E VINY L CHLORID E NESHA P

1
. PROCES S VENT S

_rr!, "_ 3 icnt^o l tschroloc*- ' "se d ^.s th e basi s ^o r ,/l?'C r n -3~3-T._.r.i_c_.'cr
. ._o_ r jZ'cz^z^ss .;_*__'C

3 '»"cu__c
- >^ e a . Jb-o con-Cxroj
. iSV^ i achieved , fo r halogenate d streams , b yusin g a therma l

• _ 7 incinerato r plu s aci d ga s scrubbing.

-

I n PV C plants , unde r th e existin g viny l chlorid e standard , viny l chlorid e emission s fro mresi n drier s ar e

2/ Th e overvie wo f th e EP AHO Nprojec t i s quit e general
. Fo r example , i n assessin g emissio n reduction s o f 95 % o r 98% , w e assum e tha t th e Agenc yi s referrin g t o a 98 % reductio n fro m uncontrolle d emissions
. W e believ e tha t a 95 % o r 98 % reductio n o f existin g emission s i s clearl yinfeasible
. Ther e ar e othe r characteristic s o f th e EP Aproposa l tha t warran t clarification
. Fo r example , w e assume , bu t i t i s no t stated , tha t th e percentag e reductio n figure s addres s routin e emissions
. Episoda l o r emergenc yrelease s shoul d no t b e par t o f thi s particula r targe t figure , an d EP Ashould.stat e s o explicitly
. Similarly , som e State s wil l includ e fugitiv e emission s fro mpipin g an d relate d equipmen t i n a storag e are a a s par t o f th e storag e equipmen t releas e figures
. Unde r th e EP Aplan , suc h emission s ar e properl yhandle d a s equipmen t leaks , no t a s storag e tan k emissions
. Thi s shoul d als o b e mad e explicit
. 29 6P.4 0

- 5 -

controlle d b

ystripping viny l chlorid e fro mth e PV

C resi n befor e drying
. Thi s provisio n wa s incorporate d int o th e existing viny l chlorid e NESHA P du e t o (1 ) th e technica l an d economi c infeasibilit yo f controlling viny l chlorid e emission s fro mth e large-ai r volume , high-moisture , lowviny l chloride

containing drie r exhaus t strea man d (2 ) th e emission s o f othe r pollutant s associate d wit h combustion.- 7 Sinc e th e viny l chlorid e NESHA P wa s firs t promulgate d 1 7 year s ago , th e PV C industry' s utilize d an d perfecte d resi n stripping technology
.

belo wth e level s contemplate d whe n th e origina l rul e wa s developed
.

Asimila r situatio n exist s wit h PV C reacto r opening emissions
. Th e existing viny l chlorid e emission s limi t wa s base d o n th e us e o f a reacto r stea msweep and/o r clea n reacto r technology
. Thes e technologie s reduc e th e potentia l fo r viny l chlorid e emission s befor e opening th e reacto r t o th e atmosphere
. 4 0 C.F.R . § 61.64(a)
. Thi s technolog yha s advance d ove r th e year s t o th e poin t wher e actua l emission s toda yar e significantl yles s than thos e contemplate d b yth e origina l NESHA P regulations
.

2J Fo r example , increase d N0 X , CO , C0 2 level s an d energ y consumptio n requirement s associate d wit h additiona l incineration
.P.4 1

- 6 -

PV C plant s utiliz e combustio n technolog yand/o r absorber/strippe r technolog yt o contro l al l in-proces s vent s t o th e 1 0 part s pe r millio n (ppm ) leve l specifie d i n th e existin g viny l chlorid e NESHAP . 4 0 C.F.R . § 61.64(b)
. Th e HON currentl ybein g considere d b yEPAcoul d b e interprete d t o prohibi t th e us e o f absorber/strippe r technology
. Thi s woul d resul t i n unproductiv e expenditure s fo r th e PV C industry becaus e viny l chlorid e emission s ar e veryeffectivel y controlle d through th e us e o f an absorber/strippe r technology
.

recoveryan

d reus e o f viny l chlorid e an d doe s no t produc e combustio n relate d emissions
.

Resi n stripping an

d reacto r stea

msweeping migh t b e characterize d a s a proces s modificatio n rathe r tha n end-of-the

stac k o r end-of-the-pip e control
. A s such , i t i s consisten t wit h EPA' s ne wfocu s o n proces s modificatio n i n lie u o f end-of

the-stac k controls
. Further , EPAshould , wheneve r possible , promulgat e standard s tha t requir e certai n emissio n reductio n performanc e rathe r tha n specifying th e us e o f particula r contro l technologies
. Thus , in-proces s controls , su'c h a s slurrystripping an d reacto r purging , shoul d b e considere d MACT , instead o f requiring add-o n incineratio n o r simila r contro l devices
.P.4 2

- 7 -

2
. WASTEWATE R TREATMEN T OPERATION S

Th e viny l chlorid e NESHA P currentl yrequire s tha t inprocfis s wastewate r b e strippe d t o 1 0 pp mo r les s fo r viny l chloride.'4 0 C.F.R . §.61.65(b)(9)
. Thi s i s comparabl e t o th e benzen e wastewate r NESHAP i n whic h th e HO Ni s base d o n wastewcite r treatment . Therefore , th e existing viny l chlorid e standar d meet s contro l technolog ycandidate s tha t EPAha s identifie d a s a basi s fo r establishing MAC T criteria
.

3
. STORAG E

Th e EPAproposa l woul d requir e approximatel y95 % pollutan t control , wit h th e exac t leve l o f contro l depending on individua l chemica l properties
. Th e viny l chlorid e industry exceed s th e 95 % contro l criteria , sinc e viny l chlorid e i s store d i n unvente d pressurize d tanks
. Indeed , excep t fo r emergenc yrelie f discharges , th e viny l chlorid e standar d state s tha t "ther e i s t o b e n o discharg e t o th e atmospher e fro man y relie f valv e o n an

yequipmen t i n viny l chlorid e service. " 4 0 C.F.R . § 61.65(a) ; se e als o § 61.65(b)(5)(simila r limitatio n 4 / o n manua l venting)
.

4 / "'I n viny l chlorid e service ' mean s tha t a piec e o f equipmen t eithe r contain s o r contact s a liqu.i d tha t i s a t leas t 1 0 percen t viny l chlorid e b yweigh t o r a ga s tha t i s a t leas t 1 0 percen t b

yvolume viny l chlorid e . . . . " 4 0 C.F.R . § 61.61(1)
.P.4 3

- 8 -

4
. TRANSFE R OPERATION S

Unde r th e EPAproposal , th e Agenc yenvision s a 90 % reductio n i n hazardou s ai r pollutan t emission s resulting fro m transfe r operation s following th e same guideline s tha t woul d appl yt o proces s vents . Th e curren t viny l chlorid e standar d alread yaddresse s thi s situation
. 4 0 C.F-R

- § 61.65(b)(1)
. Emission s fro

m an yloading o r unloadin g line s i n viny l chlorid e servic e ar e t o b e minimize d b ypurgin g th e line s an d ventin g "-__'• • "•**5

r iic T

r= d ""nv" 1 —hicrid s thrcuc h a contro l 3vst3_r
. '••"hos e
exr.aus " ga s aoe s no c excee a 1 0 pp mviny i cnioriae
.

5 . EQUIPMEN

T LEAK S
Equipmen t leak s woul d b e addresse d b yEP Athrough th e RegulatoryNegotiatio n process . I n an yevent , w e not e tha t equipmen t leak s (fugitive emissions ) ar e addresse d extensivel y unde r th e viny l chlorid e NESHAP . 4 0 C.F.R . § 61.65(b)
. W e certainl yunderstand th e Agency' s desir e t o appl yth e equipmen t lea k provision s develope d i n th e RegulatoryNegotiatio n proces s t o facilitie s no t covere d b yth e viny l chlorid e NESHAP . Unde r thi s strategy , however , eithe r th e viny l chlorid e NESHA P o r th e RegulatoryNegotiatio n provision s coul d apply , no t both
. Th e overlap o r redundanc ycreate d b yapplying bot h set s o f requirement s woul d b e unnecessary , confusing an d counterproductive
. 30 0P.4 4

- 9 -

C . COORDINATIN

GGENERI C AN

D SPECIFI C STANDARD S

Th e Viny l Institut e request s tha t EPAcarefull y conside r th e requirement s o f th e existing viny l chlorid e NESHA P
an d th e technologie s currentl yemploye d an d develope d b

yth e viny l industryi n .evaluatin g appropriat e MAC T control
. EP A shoul d allo wequivalen t contro l technologie s to.avoi d redundanc yan

d duplicit yo f generi c MAC T requirement s wit h existin g viny l chlorid e NESHA P requirement
.

MAC T i s define d unde r Sectio n 112(d)(3 ) fo r existin g standard s a s control s equivalen t t o th e averag e o f thos e presentl yemploye d a t th e mos t tightl ycontrolle d existin g facilities.

- Unde r thi s approach , th e averag e emissio n

5 / MAC T i s broadl ydefine d i n Sectio n 112(d)(3 ) a s follows :

Th e maximu

mdegre e o f reductio n i n emission s tha t i s deeme d achievabl e fo r ne wsource s i n a categoryo r subcategoryshal l no t b e les s stringen t tha n th e emissio n contro l tha t i s achieve d i n practic e b yth e bes t controlle d simila r source , a s determined.b yth e Administrator
. Emissio n standard s promulgate d unde r thi s subsectio n fo r existing source s i n a categoryo r subcategorymayb e les s stringen t tha n standard s fo r ne wsource s i n th e same categoryo r subcategorybu t shal l no t b e les s stringent , an d mayb e mor e stringen t tha n —• (A ) th e averag e emission ' limitatio n achieve d b y th e bes t performin g 1 2 percen t o f th e existin g source s (fo r whic h th e Administrato r ha s emission s information) , excluding thos e source s tha t have , withi n 1 8 month s befor e th e emissio n standar d i s propose d o r withi n 3 0 month s befor e suc h standar d i s promulgated , whicheve r i s later , firs t achieve d a leve l o f emissio n rat eP.4 5

- 1 0 -
limitatio n o f th e bes t 12 % o f existin g source s o r th e bes t performin g 5 sources , dependin g o n industrysize , wil l indicat e tha t th e viny l chlorid e NESHAP-mandate d technologyi s MACT . Fo r example , th e viny l industryi s no t awar e o f any.plan s tha t contro l downstream

emission s fro

mresi n othe r tha n throug h stripping , befor e th e drier
.

Par t o f EPA' s polic yi n implementing th e Clea n Ai r Ac t Amendment s o f 199 0 i s referre d t o a s E 3

. B ythis , th e Agenc y

whil e supportin g strong an d sustainabl e economi c growt h an d
soun d energ ypolicy.

- Th e us e o f proces s modification s t o achiev e emissio n reductions , instead o f en d o f th e stac k incineration , i s consisten t wit h EPA' s energ yconservatio n an

d "cleanest , technologicall yfeasibl e manner " policy.- 7

5/(...continued )

o r emissio n reductio n whic h complies , o r woul d compl yi f th e sourc e i s no t subjec t t o suc h standard , wit h th e lowes t achievabl e emissio n rat e (a s define d b

ysectio n 171 ) applicabl e t o th e sourc e categoryan d prevailin g a t th e time , i n th e categoryo r subcategoryfo r categorie s an d subcategorie s wit h 3 0 qr mor e sources , o r (B ) th e averag e emissio n limitatio n achieve d b y • th e bes t performin g 5 source s (fo r which , th e Administrato r ha s o r coul d reasonabl yobtai n emission s information ) i n th e categoryo r subcategorie s wit h fewe r tha n 3 0 sources . SJ Se e EPAOffic e o f Ai r an d Radiation , Implementatio n Strategyfo r th e Clea n Ai r Ac t Amendment s o f 1990 , a t 7 an d Figur e 1 (Jan
. 15 , 1991)
. 7 / Id
. a t 7 .P.4 6

- 1 1 -

Moreover , th e polic yexplicitl yencourage s market-base d principle s an

d othe r innovativ e approaches , suc h a s "performance-base d standards
. "- /

Th e Viny l Institut e endorse s thi s approach
. Th e existin g proces s an d emissio n performanc e standard s containe d i n th e curren t yiny l chlorid e NESHA P standar d ar e consisten t with-thi s policy
. Th e Viny l Institut e woul d b e happyt o provid e additiona l detai l t o th e Committe e o r EPA .
Respectfull ysubmitted ,

/" ' " -kx.^. y • -•- - i/(

- - *.•* . 3 Pete r E . d e l a Cru z Associat e Genera l Counse l O F COUNSEL : Jerom e H . Heckma n Kelle r an

d Heckma n 115 0 17t h Street , N.W . Washington , D.C . 2003 6 (202 ) 956-560 0
January30 , 199 1

8 / Id
. a t 7P.4 7

STATEMEN T O F W . C . HOLBROO K O N BEHAL F O F TH E CHEMICAL MANUFACTURER S ASSOCIATION

BEFOR E TH E NATIONAL AI RPOLLUTION CONTRO L TECHNIQUE S ADVISOR YCOMMITTE E

O N TH E HAZARDOU S ORGANI C NATIONAL EMISSIO N

STANDARD S FORHAZARDOU S AI RPOLLUTANT S

JANUARY30 , 199 1

30 5P.4 8

CHEMICA L MANUFACTURER S ASSOCIATIO N TESTIMON

YBEFOR E TH E NATIONA L AI RPOLLUTIO

N CONTRO L TECHNIQUE S ADVISOR YCOMMITTE E O

N
EPA' S PROJEC T T O DEVELO P NATIONA L EMISSIO

N STANDARD S FO RHAZARDOU S AI RPOLLUTANT S (NESHAP )

' FO RHAZARDOU S ORGANIC S

M y nam e i s W.C . Holbrook . I a m Directo r o f Environmenta l Affair s for the Chemica l Groupo f B F Goodrich . I a m speaking t o yo utoda y o n behal f o f th

e Chemica l Manufacturer s Association(CMA ) wher e I serve a s a membe r o f the Ai r Toxic s Wor k Group . CM A i s a nonprofi t trad e associationwhos e membe r companie s represen t ove r 9 0 percen t o f th e productioncapacit y o f basi c industria l chemical s inthe Unite d States . W

e ar e please dt o have thi s opportunit y t o presen t our view s t o the Nationa l Ai r PollutionContro l Technique s Advisory Committee . CM A playeda

nactive rol e i

nshapin

g the ne

w Section11 2 provision s i

nthe CleanAi r Ac t Amendment s o f 199 0 a s the y relat e t o developmen t o f Maximu m Achievabl e Contro l Technolog y (MACT ) standards . CM A wa s a stron

g supporte r o f the MAC T concep t an dbelieve s i t represent s a

neffective wa

y o f achieving significan t reduction s in emission s o f hazardou s ai r pollutants . CM A furthe r support s the effort s at EP A t o se t MAC T standard s for source s o f hazardou s ai r pollutant s i nthe chemica l manufacturing industr y throug

ha hazardou s organi c NESHAP , otherwis e know na s th e "HON. " W

e believe sucha

napproac hi s a practica l wa y o f regulating a significan t numbe r o f source s o f hazardou s ai r pollutant s withi nthe tim e frame s specifie dinthe CleanAi r Ac t Amendments . However , CM A ha s severa l suggestion s for strengthening EPA' s approac hfor setting MAC T standard s unde r the HO N projec t whic hw

e woul dlike t o summariz e today . Our suggestion s fal l int o the followin g genera l areas : 1 ) EP A plan s t o appl y

the HO

N t o almos t 40 0 differen t chemica l manufacturing processes . EP A mus t b

e carefu l t o tak e int o accoun t uniqu e difference s amon g thes e processe s whe n developing standards . 2 ) EP A ha s identifiedpossibl e contro l technolog y approache s fo r MAC T basedo

nrecen t rulemaking s fo r the Syntheti c Organi c Chemica l Manufacturing Industr y (SOCMI) . CM

A encourage s EP

A t o retai nfeature s i nthes e recen t regulation s tha t provid e flexibilit y t o facilitie s t o us e differen t type s o f contro l technologie s t o compl y wit hthe regulations . Furthermore , CM

A encourage s EP

A t o developa straightforwar d proces s for demonstrating equivalen t approache s tha t ma y be develope dinthe future . 30 6C O

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W.C . Hol'broo

k Testimon

y 1/30/9 1 Hazardou s Organi c Nat' l Emissio n Standard s fc

r Hazardou s Ai r Pollutant s Page 5 identifying th

e needfor separat e contro l requirements . W e wil l shar e the result s o f our effort s wit hEP A a s soona s the

y ar e available . Equipmen t Leak s CM A wa s a ke

y participan t inthe recentl y concludednegotiation s t o develo pMAC T standard s for equipmen t leaks . CM A support s th e equipmen t leak s regulationa s drafte db y th e Negotiating Committee . Therefore , the remainde r o f our comment s toda y ar e limitedt o EPA' s approac hfo

r regulating the remaining four sourc e types .

Proces s Vent s CM A urge s EP

A t o conside r incorporatio no f flexibilit y inthe MAC T standard , bot hfro m contro l technolog y an dcontro l efficiency point s o f view . The recentl y promulgate dNe

w Sourc e Performanc e Standard s for SOCM I Distillationan dAi r Oxidatio nprocesse s provide dflexibilit y t o compl y using a variet y

o f combustionan

drecover

y techniques . CM

A believe s tha t suchflexibilit y i s a critica l elemen t inMAC T standards , especiall y

a s the

y appl y t o existing source s wher e a wid e variet y o f effective contro l technologie s ar e alread y inplace . Failur e o f th e MAC T standard s t o allo w for us e o f differen t type s o f contro l technologie s woul di nsom e case s requir e facilitie s t o replac e existing contro l equipmen t wit hne w equipmen t a t significan t cos t an dno resulting environmenta l benefit . Therefore , CM A encourage s EP

A t o retai ni

nthe MAC T standard s for proces s vent s the feature s inthes e recen t rulemaking s tha t provid e for us e o f differen t type s o f contro l technologies . I naddition , th

e MAC T standard s shoul dprovid e opportunit y an d incentive for facilitie s t o appl y new , innovative contro l technologies . Thi s ca nbe accomplishe db y providing flexibilit y withi n th e standard s themselve s an db y establishing a straightforwar dproces s fo r facilitie s t o demonstrat e tha t ne w approache s develope dinthe futur e ar e equivalen t t o the standards . I nselecting MAC T fo r proces s vents , the contro l devic e efficienc y shoul dno t be the sol e criteria . A s directe db y Congres s inSection 112(d)(2 ) o f the CleanAi r Ac t Amendments , EP A shoul dconside r othe r factor s sucha s overal l environmenta l impact , recover y an drecycle , an

d multi-medi a impact . Fo r example , catalyti c incinerator s operat e at a lower temperatur e tha ntherma l incinerators , therefor e the y generat e les s NO xemissions . NO

xemission s ar e a contributo r t o ozon e formation . EP

A shoul dweighthe advantage s o f significantl y lowe r NO

x emission s agains t slightl y lowe r emission s o f hazardou s organi c emission s whenidentifying contro l technolog y candidate s for MACT .

30 8P.5 1

W.3 . Holbrook Testimon y 1/30/9 1 Htzardou s Organi c Nat' l Emission --tandara : fc

r hczaracu s fiir Pollutant s 'ra,?? * -a Similarly , i f a strea m ca nbe recycledt o the process , b y recover y technique s sucha s adsorption , absorptiono r condensation , tha nsuchpractice s shoul dhave preferenc e ove r disposa l technique s suc ha s incineration- eve ni f th

e contro l efficiency fall s somewha t shor t o f tha t achieve db y incineration . Likewise , i f a proces s ca nb e s o modifie dtha t the formationo f a pollutan t i s prevented , instea do f destroying or capturing the formed pollutant , thenthe preventionshoul db e favoredove r control . Preventiono f formationo f a nai r pollutan t avoid s the proble m associatedwit hth e disposa l o f wastewate r and/o r soli dwast e generate d i ncontrolling tha t ai r pollutant . The secon

dcritica l elemen t o f the MAC T standardsetting proces s for proces s vent s i s th e developmen t o f applicabilit y criteria . EP

A incorporatedsuchcriteri a init s recentl y promulgate dNSP S for SOCM I Distillationan

dAi r Oxidationoperations . Specifically , th e concep t o f Tota l Resourc e Effectivenes s i nthes e regulation s i s aneffective me.an s o f accounting for the characteristic s o f a ven t strea m i n determining whethe r additiona l control s ar e required . CM A urge s EP

A t o retai nthes e concept s whendeveloping th e applicabilit y

criteri a for th' . MAC T standard s fo r proces s vents . CM A ha s on e fina l poin t relatedt o proces s vents . I t i s no t clea r i f the percen t contro l efficiency i s t o be measure do nthe basi s o f al l hazardou s ai r pollutant s combinedor eachspecifi c pollutant . CM A believe s tha t the contro l efficiency basi s shoul db e al l hazardou s ai r pollutant s combinedfo r severa l reasons . First , the CleanAi r Ac t Amendment s o f 199 0 requir e EP A t o developMAC T standard s for categorie s o f major source s no t fo r specifi c pollutants . Second , i t ma y be difficul t t o achieve a singl e percen t contro l efficiency for eac

h individua l pollutant , especiall y thos e wit hlo

w inle t concentrations , du e t o variabilit y i nchemica l an

dphysica l properties . Wastewate r Treatmen t
I nselecting MAC T standard s fo r wastewate r treatmen t units , CM A believe s tha t i t i s importan t tha t the EP A utiliz e a databas e which represent s wastewate r treatmen t practice s an demissionpotentia l fo r th e variet y

o f chemica l manufacturing processe s tha t ar e expectedt o be covered . EP

A ha s no t ha

doccasiont o developsucha dat a bas e fo r wastewate r treatmen t uni t operation s a s the y have for othe r chemica l manufacturing industr y source s suc

ha s proces s vents , equipmen t leaks , an dstorag e tank s whichhave beenpreviousl y regulatedunde r Ne w Sourc e Performanc e Standards . A representative dat a bas e i s essentia l i f EP A i s t o properl y

accoun t for uniqu e difference s betwee ndifferen t chemica l manufacturing processe s whendeveloping MAC T standard s fo r wastewate r treatment .

30 9P.5 2

W.C . Holbrook Testimon y 1/30/9 1 « Hazardou s Organi c Nat' l Emission Standard s i_ : Hazeraou

_Ai r Pollutant : Pag e 5
A s wit hproces s vents , the contro l strateg y for wastewate r treatmen t source s shoul dbe flexibl e t o tak e int o accoun t the wid e rang e o f wastewate r treatmen t plan t designs . Fo r example , whil e stea m stripping i s on e techniqu e for reducing emission s fro m wastewate r treatmen t systems , the standard s shoul dallo w othe r method s tha t achieve th e sam

e reductions . Th e applicabilit y

criteri a for th e MAC T standard s for wastewate r treatmen t ar e particularl y critical . Proces s conditions , sucha s flo w rate , temperature , an dconcentrationo f wastewate r constituent s shoul d be includeda s applicabilit y criteria . Inaddition , th e standard s shoul dtak e int o accoun t the volatilit y o f hazardou s ai r pollutant s in wastewate r streams . One metho dfor accounting for volatilit y woul db e t o establis hminimu m concentrationlevel s requiring contro l a s a functiono f volatility , i.e , vapo r pressur e an dvapo r liqui d equilibriu

m behavio r sucha s Henry' s La w constant . Unde r thi s approach , streams containing pollutant s wit hhighvolatilit y woul d requir e control s a t lower concentration s thanwoul dstreams containing pollutant s wit hlo w volatility . CM A offer s on e fina l poin t relating t o the applicabilit y criteri a for wastewate r treatmen t standards . Th e tes t methodtha t EP A provide s fo r determining concentrationo f wastewate r component s wil l have a significan t impac t o napplicabilit y

determinations . CM A ha s previousl y provide dcomment s o nEPA' s propose dReferenc e Tes t Metho d25 D whic his * expectedt o b e appliedt o wastewate r strea m measurements . CM

A woul d like t o continu e t o work wit hEP A a s i t complete s developmen t o f thi s tes t method . Storag e As i nthe cas e o f proces s vents , CM A recommend s tha t the MAC T standardfor storag e tank s provid e for flexibilit y i ncontro l technologie s tha t achieve the sam e leve l o f control . Inaddition , the applicabilit y

criteri a shoul dbe simila r inconcep t t o tha t provide din the NSP S for Volatil e Organi c Liqui dStorage . Specifically , the need fo r control s shoul ddepen dbot huponthe siz e o f the tan k an dthe volatilit y

o f the hazardou s pollutant s being stored . Transfe r Operation s Contro l technolog

y flexibilit y

i s equall y

importan t for the MAC T standard s for transfe r operation s a s for proces s vent s an dstorag e tanks . Inaddition , CM A suggest s tha t the applicabilit y criteri a for transfe r operation s tak e int o accoun t the volatilit y of-.the***-haza-rdou

s pollutan t being transferredi nadditiont o thos e criteri a alread y incorporate dint o the recentl y promulgate dNESHAP for Benzen e Transfe r Operations .

31 0P.5 3

W.C . Holbroo k Testimon y1/30/9 1 Hazardou s Organi c Nat' l Emissio n Standard s for Hazardou s Ai r Pollutant s Pjg«s 6 Source s Covere d Unde r Existing NESHAP Regulation s CM Amembe r companie s currentl ysubjec t t o NESHAP regulation s fo r ben_:en e an d viny l chlorid e ar e concerne d abou t th e duplicativ e potentia l o f MAC T regulations
. I n establishing th e HO Nregulations , EP Ashoul d assur e tha t confusio n an d duplicatio n doe s no t occur . Fo r example , EP

Ashoul d conside r source s tha t ar e subjec t t o existing NESHAP requirement s fo r benzen e o r viny l chlorid e tha t hav e control s tha t ar e a t leas t a s stringen t a s MAC T requirement s t o b e i n conformanc e wit h MACT . Furthermore , EP Ashoul d avoi d imposing * duplicativ e monitoring an d recordkeeping requirement s on source s subjec t t o benzen e an d viny l chlorid e NESHAP requirement s wher e such requirement s provid e n o environmenta l benefit
. I n th e even t tha t EP A choose s t o appl yMAC T t o source s alread ycovere d b

yexisting NESHAPs , CM Abelieve s tha t EP

Ashoul d repea l th e existing NESHAP regulations
. CM Alook s forward t o working wit h EP Aa s the

ycontinu e developmen t ni'-.h e HO Nregulations
. Thi s conclude s m

yremar;.:; . 1'

1 1 b e r.app yzzanswe r an

yquestions
.P.5 4

DISCUSSION Committe e membe r Ralp h His e (Advance d Technologie s Management ) commente d tha t EP Ashoul d coordinat e HA P an d NO standards , a s decrease d HA P emission s ma ylead t o increase d NO emissions
. Ji mWeigol d (EPA ) concurre d tha t suc h coordinatio n wa s important
. Committe e membe r Joh n Pinkerto n (NCASI ) aske d CM At o elaborat e o n wastewate r treatment , inquiring whethe r volatilit y shoul d b e a criteria
. Mr . Holbroo k replie d tha t th e volatil e HAP s resul t i n greate r emission s tha n non-volatil e HAPs . Existin g benzen e an d viny l chlorid e regulation s shoul d als o b e considered
. Concentratio n level s ar e als o importan t criteria ; CM Arecommend s concentratio n cutoff s o f a t leas t 1 0 ppm . Mr . Pinkerto n als o aske d whethe r th e propose d Referenc e Tes t Metho d 25 D considere d difference s i n volatility
. Penn yLassiter , EPA , replie d tha t parameter s wer e se t t o effec t remova l o f th e volatil e T___T_3__"*'___L s , * v * . "*••" ' -".CiS__"*".c_r

_~-r_s_"

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d •_.i" , 3'- ' ""C C _czi'."."_

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- jlccric2. i 3*'*3T:arr. s sncul d 'zs -___T- , i.-:c2c_
. i s "cST.av. ; r_r.3 r -reacmen r regulation s ^cul d resul t i.~ dispersemen r o f VOC s int o biologica l wastewate r treatmen t systems . Mr . Pinkerto n adde d tha t th e CHEMDAT. 7 mode l ma yb e a n answer . Mr . Holbroo k replie d tha t CM Ai s explorin g thes e issue s unde r SAR A31 3 emissio n reporting
. H e als o adde d tha t enclosin g wastewate r treatmen t system s an d ductin g t o contro l device s ma yb e mor e cos t effectiv e tha n othe r methods
. Vivia n Mclntir e aske d whethe r ther e wa s a differenc e betwee n reactant s an d ra wmaterial s o n th e CM Alis t o f organi c HAPs . M s . Mclntir e als o aske d whethe r solvent s wer e regulated
. M r . Rosenstee l replie d tha t solvent s wer e no t regulated
. M r . Holbroo k requeste d clarificatio n fro mEP Aregardin g whethe r ther e i s an ydifferenc e betwee n reactant s an d ra wmaterials
. M r . Rosenstee l replie d tha t us e o f a HA P i s covere d onl yi f i t i s use d t o produc e a SOCM I chemical , bu t no t i f i t i s use d t o produc e a non-SOCM I chemical
. On e exceptio n t o thi s i s tha t th e equipmen t leak s negotiate d regulatio n doe s cove r seve n specifi c non-SOCM I processes .