Data from the Series 11 

NATIONAL HEALTH SURVEY Number 214 

BasicDataon DentalExaminationFindings 

of Persons1-74 Years 

bited states, 1971-1974 

Estimates of tooth loss; decayed, missing, and filled (DMF) permanent teeth and decayed, nonfunctional-carious, and filled (def) 

primary teeth; periodontal disease and unmet dental treatment 

needs for persons l-74 years by age, sex, and race. 

DHEW Publication No. (PHS) 79-1662 

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE 

Public Health Service 

Office of Health Research, Statistics, and Technology 

National Center for Health Statistics 

Hyattsville, Md. May 1979 
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data 

Kelly, James E. 

Basic data on dental examination findings of persons 1-7’4 years, United States, 197 1-1974. 

(Vital and health statistics : Series 11, Data from the NationaI Health Survey ; no. 214) 

(DIIEW publication ; (PHS) 79-1662) 

1. Dental public health-United States-Statistics. 2. Dental surveys--United States. 

I. Harvey, Clair R., joint author. II. Title. III. Series: United States. National Center for 

Health Statistics. Vital and health statistics : Series 11, Data from the National Health 

Survey, Data from the health examination survey ; no. 214. IV. Series: United States. 

Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare. DHEW publication ; (PHS) 79-1662. [DNLM: 

1. Dental health surveys-United States. W2 A N148vk no. 2141 

RA407.3A347 no. 214 [RK52.2] 312’.0973s 

[614.5’996’0973] 79-4597 

I 

1 
NATIONAL CENTER FOR HEALTH STATISTICS 

DOROTHY P. RICE, Director 

ROBERT A. ISRAEL, Deputy Director 

JACOB J. FELDMAN, Ph,D:, Associate Directorfor Analysis 

GAIL F. FISHER, Ph.D., Associate Director for the Cooperative Health Statistics System 

ROBERT A. ISRAEL, Acting Associate Director for Data Systems 

JAMES T. BAIRD, JR., Ph.D., Associate Director for InterrzationaE Statistics 

ROBERT C. HUBER, Associate Director for Management 

MONROE G. SIRKEN, Ph.D., Associate Director for MathemuticaE Statistics 

PETER L. HURLEY, Associate Director for Operations 

JAMES M. ROBEY, Ph.D., Associate Director for Program Development 

PAUL E. LEAVERTON, Ph.D., Associate Director for Research 

ALICE HAYWOOD, Information Officer 

DIVISION OF HEALTH EXAMINATION STATISTICS 

ROBERT S. MURPHY, Director 

JEAN ROBERTS, Chief, Medical Statistics Branch 

JAMES E. KELLY, DentalAdvisor 

KURT R. MAURER, Chief; Survey Planning and Development Branch 

DIVISON OF OPERATIONS 

HENRY MILLER, Chieft Health Examination Field Operations’Branch 

COOPERATION OF THE U.S. BUREAU OF THE CENSUS 

Under the legislation establishing the National Health Survey, the Public Health Service is 

authorized to use, insofar as possible, the services or facilities of other Federal, State, or private 

agencies. In accordance with specifications established by the National Center for Health Statistics, the U.S. Bureau of the Census participated in the design and selection of the sample and 

carried out the household interview stage of the data collection and certain parts of the statistical processing. 

Vital and Health Statistics-Series 1 I-No. 214 

DHEW Publication No. (PHS) 79-i662 

Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 79-4597 
PREFACE 

The National Center for Health Statistics has as its mission the collection, 

analysis, and dissemination of data on the health of the population of the United 

States. One of the major programs is the Health Examination Survey, in which 

are conducted extensive examinations of a sample of the U.S. population. Data 

from this survey have been published periodically in Series 11 reports of Vital 

and Health Statistics. 

Historically the published documents in Series li present only a small fraction of the available data. In order to make additional data available for users, the 

Center has for many years had a policy of preparing public use tapes for purchase 

by persons interested in more detailed analysis or analysis of additional variables 

not published in Series 11 reports. These data, however, are only easily accessible 

to persons with computers and support staff who can read, interpret, and analyze 

the data. In order to make these data more gene&y accessible to many users and, 

in particular, to persons not abIe to directly use data tapes, the Division of Health 

Examination Statistics, in the autumn of 1977, initiated a program to release, 

along with the data tapes, basic descriptive summary tables of data contained in 

those tapes.These tabular summaries have been termed “basic data publications,” 

of which this report is one. 

These basic data publications present findings of the Health and Nutrition 

Examination Survey of 1971-75. For each of the data sets, these publications 

include information on the methods used to collect the data, a descriptive summary of the tables included, an index to the tables, and the tables themselves. 

An appendix describes the basic format of the associated data tape. More detailed 

information on use of the data for additional analysis is available on request from 

the staff of the Division of Health Examination Statistics. 
CONTENTS 

Reface.. .................................................................................................................................................. iii 

Introduction ........................................................................................................................................... 1 

Dental Examination .......................................................................................................................... 2 

Additional Dental Information ......................................................................................................... 3 

Findings ................................................................................................................................................. 3 

Edentulous Arches ............................................................................................................................ 3 

Decayed, Missing, and Fiied Teeth ................................................................................................... 3 

Periodontal Disease ........................................................................................................................... 3 

Oral Hygiene ..................................................................................................................................... 3 

Dental Treatment Required .............................................................................................................. 4 

List of Detailed Tables ........................................................................................................................... 5 

Appendixes 

I. The Dental Examination ........................................................................................................... 18 

II. Demographic Terms .................................................................................................................. 25 

III. Statistical Notes ........................................................................................................................ 26 

IV. HANES I Dental Data Tape Summaries .................................................................................... 29 
---- 

SYMBOLS 

Datanot available---_-_________________I________ ___ 

Category not applicable--------------------- . . . 

Quantity zero------ _-___ _____-___-___ _ 

Quantity more than 0 but less than 0.05---- 0.0 

Figure does not meet standards of 

reliability or precision --__l__l__________ ---_ * 

I I 

vi 
BASIC DENTAL EXAMINATION FINDINGS 

OF PERSONS l-74 YEARS 

James E. Kelly, D.D.S., and Clair R. Harvey, Division of Health Examination Statistics 

INTRODUCTION 

Most of the dental examination findings collected during the first Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (HANES I) are summarized in 

this report. The findings are based on examinations given by seven dentists during 1971-74 to 

approximately 20,000 people aged l-74 years. 

Those who were examined were part of a probability sample of approximately 28,000 selected 

from the civilian noninstitutionalized population 

of the coterminous United States, except those 

living on land reserved for the use of American 

Indians. A detailed description of the design, 

content, and operation of HANES I is provided 

in the following reports: Plan and Operation of 

the Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 

DHEW Pub. No. (HSM) 73-1310, Series 1, Nos. 

10a and lob, Public Health Service, Washington, 

D.C., U.S. Government Printing Office, February 1973. 

Since one main emphasis of HANES I was 

on nutrition, the sample was selected so that certain population groups believed to be at high 

risk of malnutrition (those with low incomes, 

preschool children, women of childbearing age, 

and the elderly) were oversampled at known 

rates. Adjusted sampling weights were later computed within 60 age, sex, and race categories in 

order to inflate the sample in such a manner as 

to reflect the U.S. population at the midpoint of 

the survey. The age, sex, and race distribution of 

the civilian noninstitutionalized U.S. population 

at the survey’s midpoint and the distribution of 

the probability sample drawn from it are shown 

in table II of appendix III. 

A subset of the sample aged 25-74 were 

given a more detailed health examination than 

those not in the subset. At 65 survey locations, a 

dental examination was given to the entire examined sample. After the nutrition survey was 

completed, the detailed examination, excluding 

the dental examination, given to the 25-74-yearold age group was continued until October 1975 

at an additional 35 locations. 

Information about each sample person examined during HANES I was obtained by means 

of a household interview; a general medical history; a 24-hour dietary intake recall interview; a 

food frequency interview; a food program questionnaire; a general medical examination; dental, 

dermatological, and ophtlmlmological examinations; anthropometric measurements; and 24 

hematological, blood chemistry, and urological 

laboratory determinations. Hand-wrist X-rays 

were taken on those 1-17 years old. 

Additional information was collected on the 

subsample of adults aged 25-74 by means of the 

following questionnaires, procedures, and measurements: a medical history supplement; three 

supplementary questionnaires concerning arthritis and respiratory and cardiovascular condi- * 

tions (when applicable); a health care needs 

questionnaire; a general well-being questionnaire; an extended medical examination; X-rays 

of the chest and hip and knee joints; audiometry; electrocardiology; goniometry; spirometry; 

pulmonary diffusion and tuberculin tests and 

several laboratory determinations. 

1 
Dental Examination 

The dental examiners attempted to derive 

their findings as uniformly as possible by following a written set of objective standards in which 

they had been carefully trained. The standards 

were guidelines that, m effect, narrowed the 

range of examiner variability by eliminating 

many borderline or questionable conditions that 

are frequently a source of disagreement. And to 

avoid other sources that might have resulted in 

systematic bias, the dentist did not dry or isolate 

teeth, remove oral debris and ca.lcu1us, or probe 

tooth surfaces unless they showed overt signs of 

decay. 

The dentist dictated the condition of each 

tooth present to a trained recorder (health technician). The teeth were classified as sound, 

filled, decayed, filled-defective, and nonfunctional. Missing permanent teeth were classified 

under one of the following four categories: unerupted, carious extraction, accidental loss, and 

orthodontic extraction. When missing teeth were 

replaced on a fixed or partial denture, condition 

of the tissue under the prosthesis, as well as the 

adequacy of the prosthesis itself, was rated. 

When there were no natural teeth remaining in a 

jaw, the condition of the jaw and the status of 

an artificial replacement if one was present were 

recorded. Appendix I describes the dental examinations in greater detail. 

The next step of the examination was to 

assess the periodontal structures and the status 

of oral hygiene. The Periodontal Index (Appendix I) was used to assess the presence or absence 

of periodontal disease. By this system of classification, scores are assigned according to the 

extent of gingival inflammation, the presence or 

absence of periodontal pockets, and the firmness 

of teeth in their sockets. To assess oral hygiene 

by the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index, scores are 

recorded for all or any of six predesignated 

teeth. The scores indicate the extent of both 

debris and calcul~~s on selected tooth surfaces. 

Fluoride and nonfluoride opacities and other 

conditions such as bleeding gums, aiffuse marginal inflammation, swollen red papillae, and 

gingival recession were also recorded. 

The occlusion of persons aged 6-21 years 

was appraised by a series of counts and measurements. The antcroposterior position of the lower 

jaw in relation to the upper jaw was recorded. 

Counts were made of malaligned teeth and 

posterior teeth in a crossbite relationship. Measurements of mandibular protrusion and anterior 

overjet, overbite, and openbite were taken. 

An enamel biopsy was taken on persons who 

had an upper permanent incisor with a front surface free of cavities and fillings. The enamel sample was “polished off” from an area about oneeighth of an inch in diameter and to a depth of 

approximately 0.0002 inch. This is only about 

as much enamel as ‘that removed during a 

routine cleaning by a dentist or dental hygienist. 

The sample was analyzed to determine the fluoride content of the tooth it was removed from. 

Finally, the dental examiner, using his best 

clinical judgment, estimated the kind and 

amount of dental treatment required by every 

sample person. In doing so, he took into consideration the status of oral hygiene and periodontal disease, the amount and adequacy of past 

dental care, the responses to questions asked at 

the beginning of the examination about chewing 

and eating difficulties, the age of the individual, 

and the probable benefit to the individual’s 

health and nutrition of each specific treatment 

plan. The treatment recommendation might 

have included any of several procedures ranging 

from a simple l-surface filling to extraction of 

all remaining teeth and denture construction. 

The national estimates in this report include 

the following: the percentages of people according to whether their upper or lower jaws, or 

both, were edentulous (no permanent teeth 

left); the average number of decayed, missing, 

and filled permanent teeth per person and decayed, nonfunctional-carious, and filled primary 

teeth per person; the percentages of people with 

and without gingivitis and chronic destructive 

periodontal disease; the average periodontal 

disease index (PI) per person; the average Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S); and the percentages of people classified by type of dental 

care needed. Most of the estimates are shown by 

age, sex, and race. The definitions used for age 

and race are included in appendix II. No presentation is made of the numerous other demographic variables that are available. The form on 

which the dental findings were recorded is reproduced in appendix I. 

2 
Additional Dental Information 

Additional information about self-perceived 

needs for dental care and the receipt of dental 

care is locat.ed in tape positions 277-303 and 

5 17-547 of user tape catalog number 4091, 

which contains answers to questions on the 

Health Care Needs and General Medical History 

Questionnaires and the Respiratory and Cardiovascular Supplements. 

FINDINGS 

Edentulous Arches 

An estimated 14.7 percent of the adult 

population aged 18-74 years have lost all of their 

permanent teeth. An additional 9.2 percent have 

lost all of their upper or lower teeth (table 1). 

‘Tooth loss in an entire arch increases steadily 

with advancing age: Only about 4 percent of 

those 18-44 years old have no teeth at all and 6 

percent have none in one arch, compared with 

about 45 percent and 15 percent, respectively, 

of those 65-74 years old. More women than men 

18-74 ye& old have two edentulous arches15.8 percent compared with 13.3.-and more 

also have only one edentulous arch-lo.2 percent compared with 8.0. 

Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth 

About 9 out of 10 of the people aged 6-74 

years have not lost all of their permanent teeth. 

The average nurhber of decayed, missing, and 

filled (DMF) teeth per person in the dentulous 

population is 13.0: 1.3 teeth decayed, 5.3 missing, and 6.4 filled (table 2). Average DhlF 

counts increase steadily with age from a low of 

1.7 for those aged 6-11 to a high of 22.5 for 

those aged 65-74. 

White adults 18-74 years old in all age 

groups have consistently more DMF teeth than 

black adults of comparable~ages-largely because 

more filled teeth arc present. The average counts 

for white and black men are consistently lower 

than those for women of the same race and age, 

but the differences between comparable counts 

arc small, ranging from a low of 0.4 teeth to a 

high of only 3.0. The same differentials may be 

noted in the DMF estimates for children 6-11 

years old and youths 12-l 7 years. 

The average numbers of decayed, nonfunctional-carious, and filled primary teeth (def) per 

person are shown in table 3. Differences in the 

average counts associated with age, sex, and race 

are small, and no important trends in the occurrence of def teeth are apparent. 

Periodontal Disease 

The average Periodontal Index (PI) per person for the population aged 6-74 years is 0.83 

(table 4). The presence and severity of gingivitis 

and periodontal disease are closely associated 

with advancing age, with the average score per 

person increasing steadily from 0.11 for those 

6-l 1 years old to 2.34 for those 65-74. 

The average score for males (0.96) is higher 

than the one for females (0.70), and that for the 

black population (1.28) is higher than the one 

for the white population (0.76). The differences 

in PI values associated with sex and race occur 

throughout all age groups. 

Table 5 classifies the dentulous population 

6-74 years old according to status of periodontal 

disease and by age and sex. The percentage without signs of inflammation and pocket formation 

falls rapidly and steadily with increasing agefrom 86.1 percent of the youngest group (6-11 

years) to 36.3 percent of the oldest (65-74 

years). Comparatively few children (0.3 percent) 

and youths (1.3 percent) have chronic destructive disease, but comparatively many have 

gingivitis-13.6 percent and 32.2 percent, respectively. The percentage of adults with one tooth 

or more showing pocket formation becomes increasingly larger in the three oldest age groupsfrom 14.8 percent to 36.6 to 50.2. In every age 

group, a higher percent of males than females 

have destructive disease. 

Oral Hygiene 

The average Simplified Oral Hygiene Index 

(OHJ-S) for all persons 6-74 years old is 1.00 

(table 6). The index for white persons was lower 

than that for black persons-O.93 compared with 

1.56. In persons of either race, the indexes for 

males were higher than those for females. 

3 
The OHI-S rises steadily with increasing 

age-from 0.75 for children 6-11 years old to a 

high of 1.43 for adults 65-74. The Simplified 

Debris Index (DI-S) of children and youths is 

many times larger than the corresponding Simplified Calculus Index (CI-S). In adults 18-44 

years and older, the presence of calculus is increasingly responsible for faulty oral hygiene 

(tables 7 and 8). 

Dental Treatment Required 

An estimated 64.1 percent of the population 

needs dental treatment of one type or other 

(table 9). Comparatively more males (67.5 percent) than females (61.0 percent) need at least 

one type of dental service. It should be noted 

that the same people may be included in more 

than one of the estimates in the table showing 

those with specific treatment needs. 

The percentages of those 6-44 years old 

needing a routine cleaning (removal of debris 

and calculus) were much higher than the corresponding percentages of those in the two oldest 

groups. Almost all of those needing periodontal 

disease treatment. were in the three oldest age 

groups (18-74 years). 

000 

The percentage of all persons needing at 

least one filling (decay treatment- permanent 

and primary teeth) is 41.1, with the range running from a low of 16.1 percent of the children 

aged l-5 years to a high of about 53 percent of 

the children and youths aged 6-17. The percentages of older adults needing extractions and 

prosthetic appliances (full and partial) are also, 

of course, much higher than the corresponding 

percentages of children and youths. 

The average number per person of l-surface 

and Z-surface fillings and fillings involving 3 surfaces or more that are needed by those who 

need at least one filling are shown in table 10. 

The estimates do not differ importantly by 

either sex or race. 

Table 11 shows the average number per person of teeth needing to be extracted by age, sex, 

and race, according to the reasons for extracting 

the teeth. The estimates apply only to those 

who need at least one tooth extracted-only 

about 1 out of every 20 people. The average 

number of teeth needing to be extracted because 

of decay rises only slightly with increasing age, 

but the number needing to be extracted because 

of periodontal disease and other reasons (usually prosthetic considerations) rises sharply. 
LIST OF DETAILED TABLES 

1. Percent distribution of persons aged 6-74 years by number of edentulous arches, according to sex and age, with standard 

errors: United States, 1971-74 .. .. . ... ... ... .... .. . .... . .. ... . ... ... .. . .... . .. ... .. .... . .. .... . . ... .. .. ... . ... .. .. . .... . .. .... .. ... ... . ... .. .. .. .. .. ............................ 

2. Average number of decayed ID), missing (MI, and filled (F) permanent teeth per person among persons aged 1-74 years, by 

race, sex, and age, with standard errors: United States, 1971-74 . . .... . . ... .. .. .. ... . ... . .. ... .. . ... .. . .... .. . ... .. .. ... . .. ... . .. .... .. .... .. . ... .. ... .. . .. .. .. 

3. Average number of decayed Id), nonfunctionalcarious (e), and filled (f) primary teeth per person among persons aged 1-74 

years, by race, sex, and age, with standard errors: United States, 1971-74 . .. . .... . . ... .. .. .. ... . .... . .. ... . .. ... .. ... .. . .. .... . .. ... . .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .... . 

4. Average Periodontal Index (PI) for persons aged 6-74 years, by race, sex, and age, with standard errors: United States, 

1971-74 ... . ... .. .. ... .. . .... . .. .... . ... .. . .. . .... . .. ... . . .... .. ... .. . ... ... . .. .... . . .... .. . ... .. .. .. .. .. ... . .. ... . ... .. . .. .... ............................................................. 

5. Percent distribution of persons aged 6-74 years by periodontal classification, according to sex and age, with standard errors: 

United States, 1971-74 .... . . .... . .. ... . .. . ... .. . ... .. . .... . .. .... .. . ... .. . ... ... . ... .. . ... . ... ... . ... .. .. . .... . .. ... . .. ... . .. .... . . .. .. .. . ... ...................................... 

6. Average Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (0HI-S) for persons aged 6-74 years, by race, sex, and age, with standard errors: 

United States, 1971-74 .... . .... ... ... .. .. .. ... . ... .. . .. ... . .. ... . .. ... . .. ... ... . ... .. ..... . . ... .. .. ... .. .. ... .. .... . .. ... .. . ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . ..................................... 

7. Average Simplified Debris Index (DIS) for persons aged 6-74 years, by race, sex, and age, with standard errors: United 

States, 1971-74 .. .... . .. ... .... .. ... . .... . . .... . ... ... . .. ... ... .... .. .. .. .. .. ... . .. . ... .. . ... .. . ... .. . .... . .. ... .. . .... . . ..... . .... .. .. ................................................. 

8. Average Simplified Calculus Index (Cl-S) for persons aged 6-74 years, by race, sex, and age, with standard errors: United 

States, 1971-74 . .... .. .. .. .. ... .. .. . ..... . . .... ... ... . .. ... ... . ... .. .. ... . .. .... .. .... . .. ... .. . ... .. . .... . . ... .. .. ... . .. ... .. . .... . . .................................................... 

9. Percent of persons aged 1-74 years with specific dental treatmeht needs, by age and sex, with standard errors: United States, 

1971-74 .. ..... . .. ... .. .. ... .. . .... . .. ... ... . ... .. .. ..*.....*............................................................................................................................... 

IO. Average number of I-, 2-, and 3-surface fillings needed to restore the permanent teeth of those persons aged 1-74 years who 

need at least 1 filling, by race, sex, and age, with standard errors: United States, 1971-74 .. .... . .. ... .. .. .. .. .. ... . .. ... . ... ... .. .. ... . .. .... .. . 

11. Average number of teeth that have to be extracted among those persons aged 1-74 years needing at least 1 tooth extracted, 

by reason for extraction, race, sex, and age, with standard errors: United States, 1971-74 . ... . .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . ... .. .. .. ... . .... . . .. 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

16 

5 

i 
Table 1. Percent distribution of persons aged 6-74 years by number of edentulous arches, according to sex and age, with standard errors: United 

States, 1971-74 

Sex and age J 

Both sexes Percent distribution Standard error 

All ages, 6-74 years.. ............... 82.6 

6-17 years .................................... 99.8 

6-11 years ............................................... 99.9 

12-I 7 years ............................................. 99.7 

18-74 years .................................. 76.2 

1844 years.. ........................................... 100.0 90.3 

45-64 years.. ........................................... 100.0 62.7 

65-74 years.. ........................................... 100.0 39.1 

Male 

Ail ages, 6-74 years.. ............... 100.0 84.7 

6-1 7 years.. .................................. 100.0 99.9 

6-1 1 years.. ............................................. 100.0 99.9 

12-17 years.. ........................................... 100.0 100.0 

18-74 years .................................. 100.0 78.6 

0.51 0.28 0.43 

0.10 0.08 0.04 

0.04 0.04 0.01 

0.19 0.17 0.08 

0.70 ~ 0.39 0.59 

0.33 

1.26 

1.30 

0.60 

0.01 

0.02 

0.83 

0.49 

1.83 

1.77 

0.47 

0.09 

0.17 

0.63 

1844 years.. ........................................... 

4564 years.. ........................................... 

65-74 years.. ........................................... 

All ages, 6-74 years.. ............... 

6-17 years .................................... 

6-1 1 years.. ............................................. 

12-I 7 years.. ........................................... 

18-74 years ................................... 

92.1 

65.3 

40.9 

80.6 

99.7 

100.0 

99.4 

74.0 

8.0 13.3 

4.5 3.4 

12.2 22.5 

15.5 43.6 

=+I==+ 

1844 years.. ........................................... 100.0 88.7 

45-64 years.. ........................................... 100.0 60.4 

65-74 years.. ........................................... 100.0 37.7 

0.62 0.50 0.32 , 

1.83 1.29 1.53 

1.69 1.31 1.76 i 

I 

6 
Table2. Average number of decayed (D),missing (M),and filled (F) permanent teeth per person among persons aged 1-74 years,by race,sex,andage,with 

standard errors: United States,1971-74 

DMFteeth D teeth M teeth F teeth 

Sexandage 

Total' White Black Total1 White Black Total1 White Black Total' White Black 

Both sexes Average number of teeth 

All ages, l-74 years ......................... 9.6 2.3 5.3 5.6 6.4 7.0 1.7 

z 1 

l-5 years ......................................................... 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 

6-11 years ....................................................... 1.7 1.6 0.7 0.6 0.9 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.8 0.9 0.5 

12-17 years ...................................................... A::: 6.3 5.5 i 1.8 1.6 3.1 0.6 0.5 1.2 3.7 4.1 1.3 

1844 years ...................................................... 14.9 15.3 12.4 1.7 1.5 3.2 4.9 4.7 6.6 8.3 9.1 2.6 

4564 years ...................................................... 20.4 21.2 14.2 0.9 0.9 1.4 11.3 11.4 11.2 8.1 8.9 1.7 

65-74 years ...................................................... 22.2 22.5 19.9 0.6 0.5 1 .l 15.2 14.9 17.8 6.4 7.0 1 .o 

Male

-

All ages, 1-74 years ............................... 12.4 8.9 1.4 1.3 2.2 4.9 5.2 6.1 6.7 1.5 

-

1-5 years .......................................................... 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 

6-11 years ........................................................ 1.6 1.6 1.5 0.7 0.7 0.9 0.1 0.3 0.7 0.8 9.3 

12-17 years ...................................................... 5.7 5.8 5.1 1.7 1.5 3.0 0.4 0.9 3.5 3.9 1.2 

1844 years ....................................................... 14.4 14.8 11.8 1.8 1.6 3.2 4.4 6.1 8.1 8.8 2.5 

45-64 years ...................................................... 19.8 20.7 12.7 1 .o 1 .o 1 .l 11.1 10.4 7.9 8.7 1.2 

65-74 years.. .................................................... 21.9 22.3 19.5 0.7 0.6 1.2 15.5 17.5 5.5 6.1 0.8 

Female 

All ages, 1-74 years ............................... 1.3 1.1 2.4 5.6 5.6 6.0 6.6 7.3 1.9 

l-5 years .......................................................... 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 

6-11 years ........................................................ 1.7 1.7 1.8 0.7 0.6 1.0 0.1 0.1 0.2 1.0 1 .o 0.6 

12-l 7 years.. .................................................... 6.6 6.7 6.0 1.9 1.7 3.1 0.8 0.7 1.5 3.9 4.4 J.3 

1844 years ...................................................... 15.3 15.7 12.8 1.6 1.4 3.1 5.2 5.0 7.0 8.6 9.4 2.7 

45-64 years.. .................................................... 20.9 21.6 15.7 0.9 0.8 1.7 11.7 11.7 11.9 8.3 9.1 2.2 

66-74 years ...................................................... 22.5 22.7 20.3 0.5 0.4 0.9 14.8 14.5 18.3 7.2 7.7 1 .l 

Both sexes Standarderror 

All ages, l-74 years .......................... 0.06 0.09 0.22 0.13 

1-5 years .......................................................... 0.09 0.03 0.09 0.01 0.01 0.01 

6-11 years.. ...................................................... 0.13 0.04 0.09 0.02 0.02 0.06 0.08 

12-17 years.. .................................................... 0.35 0.09 0.24 0.05 0.05 0.14 0.17 

IS-44 years ...................................................... 

45.64 years ...................................................... 

0.54 

0.63 

0.07 

0.06 

0.23 0.15 

0.17 0.24 

0.15 

0.2E t 0.42 0.67 

0.21 

0.33 

65-74 years.. .................................................... 0.68 0.03 0.14 0.28 0.29 0.74 0.14 

Male

-

All ages, 1-74 years ............................... 0.06 0.18 0.30 0.17 

l-5 years.. ........................................................ 0.07 0.06 0.07 0.02 0.02 

6-11 years ........................................................ 0.16 0.04 0.1 1 0.03 0.02 0.12 0.06 0.07 0.08 

12-17 years ...................................................... 0.46 0.11 0.28 0.04 0.04 0.12 0.13 0.14 0.22 

1844 years ...................................................... 0.68 0.09 0.30 0.18 0.18 0.57 0.19 0.20 0.39 

4564 years ...................................................... 0.96 0.10 0.18 0.30 0.32 0.88 0.24 0.27 0.19 

65-74 years ...................................................... 0.81 0.05 0.19 0.38 0.41 0.86 0.28 0.33 0.16 

Female 

All ages 1-74 years ................................ 0.27 0.06 0.16 0.11 0.24 0.13 

l-5 vears .......................................................... 0.12 0.04 0.03 0.12 0.02 0.02 0.02 

6-11 years ........................................................ 0.18 0.06 0.06 0.13 0.02 0.02 0.05 0.12 

12-17 years ...................................................... 0.42 0.12 0.12 0.32 0.09 0.10 0.25 0.24 

1844 years ...................................................... 0.53 0.07 0.07 0.26 0.18 0.18 0.39 0.18 

45-64 years.. .................................................... 0.78 0.06 0.06 0.23 0.31 0.33 0.88 0.61 

65-74 years.. .................................................... 0.96 0.05 0.04 0.13 0.36 0.37 0.99 0.20 

‘Includes data for “other races,“which are not shown separately. 

NOTES: Filled teeth include only those with satisfactory fillings. Decayed teeth include not only teeth with caries but also filled teeth with carious lesions 

or defective filings. Missing teeth include both missing and nonfunctional teeth. DMF is the total of these 3 categories. 

Edentulous persons (lost all their natural teeth) were included in this table. 

7 
1.0 1 2.8 3.0 

0.2 0.2 

0.4 

2.6 

0.1 

Table 3. Average number of decayed (d), nonfunctlonelcerlous M, end fllled (fl primrry teeth per person among prrlonr rgrd 144 yeai% by race, IOX, end 

ago, with ttendard errors: United Stetec, 1871.74 

daf d teeth e taeth f teeth 

Sex end age 

Total1 White Black Total1 White Black Total1 White Slack Total1 White Black 

Both sexeg 

All ages, 1-74 years .......................... 

l-5 years.. ........................................................ 

6-11 years ........................................................ 

12-17 years ...................................................... 

1844 years...................................................... 45-64 years ...................................................... 

65-74 years ...................................................... 

All ages, l-74 years ............................... 

I-5 years .......................................................... 

6-11 years ........................................................ 

12-17 years ...................................................... 

1844 years ...................................................... 

45-64 years ...................................................... 

65-74 years ...................................................... 

All ages, l-74 years ............................... 

l-5 years .......................................................... 

6-11 years ........................................................ 

12-17 years ...................................................... 

1844 years ...................................................... 

4564 years ...................................................... 

65-74 years ...................................................... 

Both sexes 

All ages, 1-74 years ......................... 

Average number of teeth 

1 .o 1 .o 1 .o 

2.7 2.8 2.1 

0.1 0.1 0.0 

0.5 0.5 0.5 

1.0 1.0.o 1.0 

2.8 3.0 2.1 

0.2 0.2 0.1 

0.4 0.4 0.4 

0.9.9 0.9 1 .o 0.6 0.8 0.1 

2.6 2.7 2.1 1.1 1.1 0.6 

0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 

Standard error 

15 years .......................................................... 0.06 0.05 0.06 0.02 0.02 

6-11 years ........................................................ 0.09 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.08 

12-17 years ...................................................... 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 

1844 years ...................................................... 

45-64 years ...................................................... 

65-74 years ...................................................... 

All ages, I-74 years ............................... 

l-5 years .......................................................... 

6-11 years.. ...................................................... 

12-17 years ...................................................... 

1844 years ...................................................... 

45X4 years ...................................................... 

65-74 years ...................................................... 

All ages, 1-74 years ............................... 

0.08 0.08 0.16 

0.08 0.09 0.17 

0.02 0.02 0.04 

0.01 0.01 

1-5 years .......................................................... 0.09 0.06 0.07 0.10 0.01 0.01 0.06 0.03 0.04 0.05 

6-11 years ........................................................ 0.11 0.07 0.07 0.13 0.04 0.03 0.13 0.09 0.10 0.13 

12-17 years ...................................................... 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 

la-44 years ...................................................... 

45-64 years ...................................................... 

65-74 years ...................................................... 1 

llncludes data for “other races,“which are not shown separately. 

NOTES: Filled teeth include only those with satisfactory fillings. Decayed teeth include not only teeth with caries but also filled teeth with carious lesions or defective fillings. Nonfunctional-carious teeth are those which cannot be saved because of extensive caries. Total of these 3 categories is def.. 

Edentulous persons (lost ail their natural teeth) were included in this table. 

8 
Table 4. Average Periodontal Index (PI) for persons aged 6-74 years, by race, sex, and age, with standard errors: United States 1971-74 

-

0.03 

0.09 

0.02 

0.04 

0.08 

0.11 

0.04 

0.02 

0.03 

0.06 

0.12 

Sex and age Total 1 White Black Total1 White Black 

Both sexes PI Standard error 

f 

All ages, 6-74 years ............................................................................ 0.83 0.76 1.28 0.03 0.06 

6-11 years .......................................................................................................... 0.11 0.11 0.12 0.01 0.02 

12-17 years ........................................................................................................ 0.32 0.29 0.53 0.02 0.06 

1844 years ........................................................................................................ 

45-64 years ........................................................................................................ 

0.76 

1.57 

0.69 

1.42 

1.26 

2.78 

0.04 0.08 

0.09 0.20 

65-74 years ........................................................................................................ 2.34 2.17 3.82 0.12 0.23 

All ages, 6-74 years.. ................................................................................ 0.96 0.88 1.52 0.04 0.08 

6-11 years .......................................................................................................... 0.14 0.14 0.15 0.02 0.04 

12-17 years ........................................................................................................ 0.38 0.35 0.58 0.03 0.08 

1844 years ........................................................................................................ 0.91 0.83 1.57 0.06 0.15 

45-64 years ........................................................................................................ 1.79 1.61 3.21 0.12 0.27 

65-74 years. ....................................................................................................... 2.81 2.61 4.20 0.29 

All ages, 6-74 years .................................................................................. 0.70 0.65 1.07 0.07 

6-11 years ......................................................................................................... 0.08 0.08 0.10 0.03 

12-17 years ........................................................................................................ 0.26 0.22 0.47 0.07 

IS-44 years ........................................................................................................ 0.61 0.56 1.02 0.06 

45-64 years ....................................................................................................... 1.37 1.24 2.37 0.29 

65-74 years ........................................................................................................ 1.96 1.83 3.40 0.26 

‘Includes data for “other races,” which are not shown separately. 

NOTE: Edentulous persons (lost all their natural teeth) have been excluded from this table. 

9 
Table 5. Percent distribution of persons aged 6-74 years by periodontal classification, according to sex and age, with standard errors: United States,

- 1971-74 

Periodontal classification -r Periodontal classification 

Sex and age Total No l-3 4 4 

periodontal Gingivitis pockets pockets Totai Ilperis;taf 1 Gingivitis 1 polcfets pockets 

disease or more or more 

60th sexes Percent distribution Standard error 

All ages, 6-74 years .......... 24.6 4.5 12.1 **. 1.65 1.40 .0.28 0.61 

6-1 1 years ........................................ 100.0 II 86.1 13.6 0.3 0.0 . . . 1.15 1 .I4 0.08 0.02 

12-17 years ...................................... 100.0 66.4 32.2 0.6 0.7 . . . 1.97 1.98 0.16 0.21 

16-44 years ...................................... 100.0 56.5 26.7 4.5 10.3 . . . 1.85 1.81 0.33 0.83 

45-64 years ...................................... 100.0 43.4 19.9 9.3 27.3 . . . 2.58 .I .77 0.97 1.83 

65-74 years ...................................... 100.0 36.3 13.5 10.5 39.7 . . . 2.58 1.46 0.98 2.23 

45-64 

All ages, 6-74 years.. .............. 100.0 63.7 27.8 4.5. 14.1 .a. 1.94 1.73 0.30 0.78 

6-1 1 years ........................................ 

12-l 7 years ...................................... 

100.0 

100.0 

83.3 

60.9 

16.4 

37.3 i:: 0.9 

. . . 1 .a2 

2.65 

1.81 

2.65 

0.18 

0.30 0.39 

1644 years.. .................................... 100.0 49.8 33.2 4.7 12.3 2.32 2.23 0.51 1.11 

years ...................................... -I- 100.0 38.8 19.8 6.7 32.7 

. 

. 

. 

*.. 

. 

. 

. 

9 

. 

. 

2.88 2.42 I .oa 2.71 

65-74 years ...................................... 13.1 11.5 47.6 3.02 1.90 1.27 3.46 

All ages, 6-74 years.. .............. 21.5 4.5 10.1 . . . 1.60 1.28 0.38 0.61 

6-11 years ........................................ 100.0 89.0 10.7 0.3 0.0 .,. 1.29 1.28 0.19 0.03 

12-17 years ...................................... 100.0 72.0 27.0 0.4 . . . 2.77 2.74 0.21 0.24 

1644 years ...................................... 100.0 62.7 24.5 4.3 it: . . . 1.79 1.73 0.40 0.75 

4564 years ...................................... 100.0 47.8 20.1 9.8 22.3 . . . 2.72 1.64 1.34 1.87 

65-74 years ...................................... 100.0 43.2 13.8 9.7 33.2 . . . 2.95 1.73 1.25 2.09 

NOTE: Edentulous persons (lost all their natural teeth) have been excluded from this table. 

IO 
Table 6. Average Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S) for persons aged 6-74 years, by race, sex, and age, with standard errors: United 

States, 1971-74 

Sex and age Total1 White Black TOfall(l 

Both sexes OHI-S Standard error 

All ages, 6-74 years ............................................................................ 1 .oo 0.93 1.56 0.03 0.04 0.05 

6-I 1 years .......................................................................................................... 0.75 0.72 0.88 0.03 0.03 0.04 

12-17 years ........................................................................................................ 0.89 0.82 1.34 0.04 0.04 0.09 

18-44 years ........................................................................................................ 1.01 0.93 1.62 0.04 0.04 0.05 

45-64 years ........................................................................................................ 1.23 1 .I0 2.27 0.05 0.05 0.10 

65-74 years ........................................................................................................ 1.43 1.33 2.55 0.07 0.07 0.20 

Male 

All ages, 6-74 years.. ................................................................................ 1.16 1.08 1.73 0.04 0.04 0.06 

6-I 1 years .......................................................................................................... 

12-17 years ........................................................................................................ 

18-44 years ........................................................................................................ 

0.80 

1 .oo 

1.16 

0.78 

0.92 

1.09 

0.90 

1.43 

1.82 

0.03 

0.04 

0.05 

0.04 

0.04 

0.06 

0.06 

0.11 

0.08 

45-64 years ........................................................................................................ 1.46 1.32 2.64 0.06 0.07 0.16 

65-74 years ........................................................................................................ 1.76 1.64 2.84 0.08 0.08 0.21 

Female 

All ages, 6-74 years.. ................................................................................ 0.86 0.78 1.40 0.03 0.03 0.06 

6-11 years .......................................................................................................... 0.69 0.66 0.86 0.03 0.03 0.05 

12-17 years ........................................................................................................ 0.80 0.72 1.25 0.04 0.04 0.10 

1844 years ........................................................................................................ 

45-64 years ........................................................................................................ 

65-74 years ........................................................................................................ 

0.86 

1 .oo 

1.16 

0.77 

0.89 

1.08 

1.46 

1.88 

2.19 

0.03 

0.05 

0.08 

0.04 

0.06 

0.09 

0.06 

0.18 

0.24 

lIncludes data for “other” races, which are not shown separately. 

NOTE: Those persons with missing data or without at least 2 of the 6 teeth used for OHI-S have been excluded from this table. 

11 
Table 7. Average Simplified Debris Index (DI-S) for persons aged 6-74 years, by race, sex, and age, with standard errors: United States, 

1971-74 

Sex and age iiiqzqF 

Both sexes DI-S Standard error 

All ages, 6-74 years ............................................................................ 0.66 0.62 0.94 0.02 0.02 

6-l 1 years .......................................................................................................... 0.72 0.70 0.84 0.03 0.03 

12-17 years ........................................................................................................ 0.74 0.70 0.98 0.03 0.03 

1844 years ........................................................................................................ 0.61 0.57 0.89 0.03 0.03 

45-64 years ........................................................................................................ 0.64 0.60 1.06 0.02 0.03 

65-74 years ........................................................................................................ 0.75 0.71 1.23 0.04 0.03 

All ages, 6-74 years.. ................................................................................ 0.75 0.71 1.02 0.02 0.03 

6-I 1 years .......................................................................................................... 0.78 0.76 0.86 0.03 0.03 

12-17 years ........................................................................................................ 0.82 0.79 1.02 0.03 0.03 

1844 years ........................................................................................................ 0.69 0.66 0.98 0.03 0.04 

45-64 years ........................................................................................................ 0.76 0.70 1.22 0.03 0.04 

65-74 years ........................................................................................................ 0.92 0.86 1.41 0.04 0.04 

Female 

All ages, 6-74 years.. ................................................................................ 0.57 0.53 0.86 0.02 0.02 

6-I 1 years .......................................................................................................... 0.66 0.63 0.82 0.03 0.03 

12-I 7 years ........................................................................................................ 0.65 0.60 0.94 0.03 0.03 

18-44 years.. ...................................................................................................... 0:53 0.48 0.82 0.02 0.02 

4584 years ........................................................................................................ 0.53 0.49 0.89 0.03 0.03 

65-74 years ........................................................................................................ 0.61 0.58 1.01 0.04 0.04 

lIncludes data for “other” races, which are not shown separately. 

NOTE: Those persons with missing data or without at least 2 of the 6 teeth used for DI-S have been excluded from this table. 

12 

0.03 

0.04 

0.05 

0.04 

0.05 

0.09 

0.04 

0.06 

0.06 

0.05 

0.07 

0.10 

0.04 

0.05 

0.07 

0.04 

0.08 

0.12 
Table 8. Average Slmpllfied Calculus lndax (Cl-S) for prrton: agad 6-74 yarn, by ram, sax, and age, with standard errors: Unlted 

States,j971-74 

Sey and age TotalljlWhitaYizqqiF 

Both saxes Cl-S Standard error 

All ages, 6-74 years ............................................................................ 0.32 0.62 0.02 0.02 0.03 

6-11 years .......................................................................................................... 0.03 0.04 0.01 0.01 0.01 

12-17 years ........................................................................................................ 0.12 0.36 0.02 0.02 0.05 

1844 years ........................................................................................................ 0.36 0.73 0.02 0.02 0.03 

45-64 years ........................................................................................................ 0.51 1.21 0.03 0.03 0.07 

65-74 years ........................................................................................................ 0.62 1.32 0.04 0.04 0.11 

All ages, 6-74 years.. ................................................................................ 0.37 0.72 T- 0.02 0.02 0.03

6-l 1 years .......................................................................................................... 0.02 0.04 0.01 0.01 0.01 

12-17 years ........................................................................................................ 0.13 0.41 0.02 0.02 0.07 

1844 years ........................................................................................................ 0.43 0.84 0.03 0.03 0.04 

4564 years ........................................................................................................ 0.62 1.42 0.04 0.04 0.11 

65-74 years ........................................................................................................ 0.78 1.43 0.04 0.04 0.13 

Female 

All ages, 6-74 years.. ................................................................................ 0.26 0.54 0.02 0.02 0.03 

6-l 1 years .......................................................................................................... 0.03 0.05 0.01 0.01 0.02 

12-17 years ........................................................................................................ 0.12 0.32 0.02 0.02 0.05 

1844 years ........................................................................................................ 0.29 0.54 0.02 0.02 0.04 

45-64 years ........................................................................................................ 0.40 0.99 IL0.03 0.03 0.1 1 

65-74 years ........................................................................................................ 0.50 1.18 0.05.11 0.05 0.13 

‘Includes data for “other” races, which are not shown separately. 

NOTE: Those persons with missing data or without at least 2 of the 6 teeth used for CI-S have been excluded from this table. 

13 
Table 9. Percent of persons aged l-74 years with specific dental treatment needs, by age and sex, with standard errors: United States, 1971-74 

Specific dental treatment needed r0td l-5 6-l 1 12-17 1844 45-64 65.74 r0td l-5 6.11 12-17 18.44 4564 65.74 

years years years year.5 years years years years years years years yearr 

Both sexes Percent Standard error 

General (at least one of the following). ........................ 64.1 16.6 63.5 67.5 72.7 67.5 61 .O 1.31 1.05 2.15 1.71 1.44 2.14 2.02 

Removal of debris and calculus.. .................................. 19.1 2.4 28.2 27.5 22.4 13.5 8.4 1.34 0.61 2.82 2.32 1.51 1.34 1.06 

Gingivitis treatment ..................................................... 8.9 0.0 1.9 13.4 13.8 6.9 3.5 0.67 0.01 0.33 1.18 1.05 0.77 0.67 Periodontal disease treatment ...................................... 10.1 0.0 2.0 12.2 19.3 15.4 0.42 0.02 0.09 0.43 0.73 1 .18 0.92 Severe malocclusion treatment.. ................................... 2.0 0.1 ::: 7.1 0.9 0.18 0.07 0.89 0.75 0.19 

Decay treatment-permanent and primary teeth .......... 41 .l 16.1 52.7 53.6 49.3 30.1 17.9 1.12 1.03 2.14 1.53 1.55 1.50 0.77 

Extractions, any reason.. .............................................. 4.8 0.1 0.4 0.6 5.8 8.4 9.8 0.31 0.07 0.21 0.15 0.54 0.76 0.73 

Fixed bridges and/or partials ........................................ 16.0 - 0.1 5.8 25.3 23.3 S.5 0.93 . 0.11 0.81 1.35 1.91 0.97 

Repair denture or bridge .............................................. 2.7 0.0 1 .9 6.7 7.7 0.25 . 0.02 0:22 0.80 0.74 

Construct full denture.. ................................................ 6.6 . 0.0 0.1 4.2 15.6 24.8 0.34 . 0.01 0.08 0.41 1.08 1.44 

General (at least one of the followingl.. ....................... 67.5 17.1 66.5 68.4 76.9 72.3 68.2 1.36 1.41 2.60 2.02 1.67 2.33 2.15 

Removal of debris and calculus.. .................................. 20.8 2.2 30.6 25.8 24.9 15.7 9.7 1.47 0.56 3.08 2.40 1.78 1.58 1.15 

Gingivitis treatment ..................................................... 10.6 0.0 2.1 17.1 16.4 7.6 3.5 0.87 0.02 0.62 1.86 1.37 1.14 0.62 

Periodontal disease treatment ...................................... 11.8 . 0.2 2.1 14.5 22.9 19.6 0.52 - 0.17 0.56 1.02 1.55 1.57 

Severe malocclusion treatment ..................................... 2.3 . 6.4 7.9 1.2 0.24 - 1.06 1.15 0.32 

Decay treatment-permanent and primary teeth.. ........ 43.7 16.7 55.2 52.2 52.4 33.7 21.3 1.26 1.42 2.68 1.78 1.94 2.12 1.20 

Extractions, any reason.. .............................................. 5.3 0.2 0.5 0.5 6.2 9.8 12.2 0.40 0.13 0.28 0.24 0.69 1.15 1 .Ol 

Fixed bridfles and/or partials.. ...................................... 15.4 . 0.3 5.2 24.0 23.4 9.8 1.03 . 0.21 0.89 1.67 2.29 1.18 

Repair denture or bridge.. ............................................ 2.5 . 1.7 6.3 7.8 0.26 . 0.34 0.89 0.96 Construct full denture.. ................................................ 6.7 . 0.0 4.0 16.2 29.1 0.47 . 0.0; 0.59 1.51 1.93 

General (at least one of the followingl.. ....................... 61 .O 16.1 60.5 66.4 68.9 63.1 55.5 1.42 1.30 2.59 2.4: 1.53 2.70 2.23 

Removal of debris and calculus.. .................................. 17.6 2.7 258 29.3 20.1 11.4 7.5 1.33 0.85 3.06 2.77 1.49 1.64 1.34 Gingivitis treatment ..................................................... 7.4 - 1.7 9.6 11.5 6.2 3.5 0.57 . 0.44 1.42 0.94 0.78 0.86 Periodontal treatment.. ................................................ 8.6 0.0 0.1 1.9 10.1 16.0 12.1 .0.49 0.04 0.05 0.47 0.70 1.47 0.98 Severe malocclusion treatment.. ................................... 1.8 0.2 6.4 6.2 0.7 0.21 0.14 1.15 0.9c 0.14 

Decoy treatment-permanent and primary teeth.. ........ 38.7 15.5 50.1 55.0 46.4 26.9 15.2 1.19 1.33 2.55 2.05 1.62 1.72 1.14 

Extractions, any reason ................................................ 4.4 - 0.4 0.6 7.1 8.0 0.34 . 0.24 0.27 0.54 0.82 0.93' Fixed bridges and/or partials.. ...................................... 16.7 - 0.0 6.3 2::: 23.2 7.5 0.93 . 0.03 1.13 1.26 2.01 1.03 Repair denture or bridge.. ............................................ 3.0 - 0.0 2.1 7.1 7.7 0.32 . 0.04 0.26 1.07 0.93 

Construct full denture.. ................................................ 6.8 - 0.2 4.4 15.0 21.6 0.40 _ 0.17 0.42 1.29 1.56 

14 
Table 10. Average number of l-,2-,and 3-surfacefillingr needed to rertorethepermanentteeth of those personsaged l-74yearswho need at least 1 filling,by 

race,sew,and age,with standard errors: United States,1971-74 

-

l-surface fillings l-surface f1lhngs Jsurface fillings 

Sexand age 

Total1 11 White 1 8lack 1 Total] IIWhxe 1 Black I Total1 I( White I Black 

Both sexes Average number of fillmgs 

All ages, 1-74 years ...................................................................... i 1.8 1.7 2.2 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.3 0.4 0.3 -

-

l-5 years ...................................................................................................... 0.9 0.5 1.3 0.6 0.9 0.3 

6-11 years .................................................................................................... 1.6 1.6 1.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.; 0.1 0.1 

12-17 years .................................................................................................. 2.5 2.4 2.8 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.2 0.2 0.3 

1844 years.. ................................................................................................ 1.9 1.8 2.6 0.7 0.6 1 .o 0.4 0.4 0.4 

45.64 years .................................................................................................. 1.1 1.1 1 .l 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.2 

65.74 years .................................................................................................. 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.1 

All ages, 'l-74 veers ........................................................................... 1.8 1.7 2.2 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.3 0.4 0.3 

l-5 years.. .................................................................................................... 0.6 0.5 1 .o 0.8 1.0 

6-11 yearr .................................................................................................... 1.5 1.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.1 0.1 0.0 

12-17 years .................................................................................................. 2.4 2.3 ::7" 0.6 0.5 1 .o 0.2 0.2 0.3 

1844 years .................................................................................................. 1.9 1.8 2.6 0.7 0.6 1 .o 0.4 0.4 0.4 

45-64 year* .................................................................................................. 1.1 1.1 1 .o 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.1 

66:74 years .................................................................................................. 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 

0.02 

0.02 

0.03 

0.03 

0.08 

0.04 

0.02 

0.04 

0.03 

0.03 

0.06 

0.06 

All ages, 1.74 yearr ........................................................................... 1.8 1.7 2.2 0.6 0.5 0.9 0.4 0.4 0.3 

l-5 yllrl ...................................................................................................... 1.4 1.0 1.4 0.4 0.4 

6-11 y~rr .................................................................................................... 1.6 1.6 1.6 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.2 

12-17 years .................................................................................................. 2.5 2.5 2.8 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.2 0.2 0.2 

1844 vaars .................................................................................................. 19 1.8 2.5 0.7 0.6 1.1 0.4 0.4 0.4 

45.64 ysara .................................................................................................. 1.1 1.1 1.2 0.5 0.4 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.2 

65-74 vearr .................................................................................................. 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.1 

Both Standard error 

All ages, l-74 years ...................................................................... 0.06 0.06 0.10 0.06 0.02 0.03 

E 

l-5 years.. .................................................................................................... 0.38 0.42 0.39 0.34 

6-11 yesrr .................................................................................................... 0.07 0.09 0.13 0.11 0.02 0.05 

12-17 vaan .................................................................................................. 0.08 0.10 0.16 0.11 0.02 0.05 

18-M years .................................................................................................. 0.06 0.08 0.15 0.10 0.02 0.06 

45-64 yesrr .................................................................................................. 0.08 0.08 0.15 0.09 0.05 0.04 

65-74 years .................................................................................................. 0.06 0.07 0.11 0.06 0.03 0.04 

All ages, l-74 years ........................................................................... 0.06 0.07 0.13 0.09 0.02 0.04 

1 l-5 years ...................................................................................................... 0.38 0.43 0.71 

6-11 yearr .................................................................................................... 0.09 0.10 0.18 0.13 0.03 . 0.01 

i 12-17 years .................................................................................................. 0.09 0.11 0.19 0.15 0.03 0.09 

1844 years .................................................................................................. 0.10 0.11 0.25 0.14 0.03 0.09 

45-64 vaarr...............................................~ .................................................. 0.11 0.11 0.20 0.11 0.05 0.03 

65-74 years .................................................................................................. 0.07 0.09 0.15 0.05 0.05 0.07 

LQmQ!.e 

All ages, l-74 years ........................................................................... 0.06 0.07 0.13 0.07 0.04 

l-5 years.. .................................................................................................... 0.47 0.71 0.61 0.39 

6-11 years......................................................~~ ............................................ 0.10 0.12 0.19 0.15 0.10 

12-17 years .................................................................................................. 0.14 0.15 0.35 0.12 0.05 

1844 years .................................................................................................. 0.07 0.07 0.16 0.11 0.06 

46-64 yearr .................................................................................................. 0.09 0.09 0.19 0.14 0.09 

66-74 years .................................................................................................. 0.08 0.09 0.17 0.12 0.04 

lIncIudes data for "other"racea,which are not shown separately. 

15 
Standard error 

0.40 0.46 0.71 

0.84 0.99 1.42 

0.56 0.56 1.15 

0.36 0.37 1.04 

0.48 0.57 1.05 

1.30 

0.68 

0.53 

1.49 1.69 - 

0.56 1.89 

0.59 1 .I 1 

1 .oo 1.15 1.86 

0.83 0.94 1.23 

0.61 0.68 1.67 

Table 11, Average numbor of tooth that hava to ba extracted among thoea prrrone agad 1.74 yarra naading at lratt 1 tooth rxtractad, by mason for extractlon, 

race, (IX, and rgr, with etrndrrd arrow UnItad State& 1071.74 

Dacayad permanent Parlodontal direare Other reasona 

Sex and age teeth 

T otall White Black Total’ White Black Total1 White Black 

Both .sexes Average number of teeth needing extraction 

All ages, l-74 years.. .................................................................... 0.7 0.6 1.1 6.7 6.8 6.0 3.2 3.1 3.5 -

- E Z 

l-5 years.. .................................................................................................... 1.9 1.9 

6-l 1 years .................................................................................................... 0.3 0.3 0.3 2.0 2.0 . 1.0 

12-17 years .................................................................................................. 0.4 0.3 0.8 1.7 1.7 1.7 

18-44 years ................................................................................................. 0.7 0.6 1.2 7.5 7.6 5.4 2.8 2.8 2.6 

45.64 Vears .................................................................................................. 1 .o 0.8 1.6 6.6 6.7 6.4 4.1 3.7 5.7 

65-74 years .................................................................................................. 1.7 1.4 2.9 6.0 6.1 5.6 3.9 4.0 3.5 

All ages. l-74 years.. ......................................................................... 0.7 0.7 1.1 6.9 6.8 6.1 2.9 2.9 2.9 

1-5 years ...................................................................................................... 1.9 1.9 

6-I 1 years .................................................................................................... 0.3 0.3 0.3 2.7 2.8 1 .o 

12-17 years .................................................................................................. 0.3 0.2 0.7 1.6 1.6 

18-44 years .................................................................................................. 0.7 0.6 1.2 8.; 8.4 2.5 ii'6 2.3 

4584 years .................................................................................................. 1.1 1.1 1.6 6.3 6.3 3.4 3.2 4.1 

65-74 years .................................................................................................. 2.3 2.0 3.4 6.0 6.2 3.7 3.7 3.6 

All ages, l-74 years.. ......................................................................... 0.7 0.5 1.1 6.6 6.9 5.8 3.5 3.4 4.0 

1-5 years ...................................................................................................... 

6-l 1 veers.. .................................................................................................. 0.2 0.2 0.3 1 .o 1 .o 

12-l 7 years .................................................................................................. 0.4 0.3 0.9 1.8 1.8 2.0 

1844 years .................................................................................................. 0.8 0.7 1.2 6.3 6.7 5.0 3.0 3.0 2.9 

45-64 years .................................................................................................. 0.8 0.6 1.5 6.9 7.4 6.2 4.9 4.3 

65-74 years .................................................................................................. 1 .o 0.9 2.2 6.0 6.0 5.9 4.1 4.3 ::i 

Both sexes Standard error 

All ages, l-74 years.. .................................................................... 0.04 0.04 0.10 0.40 0.46 0.71 

l-5 years.. .................................................................................................... 

6-11 years .................................................................................................... 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.71 

12-l 7 years .................................................................................................. 0.04 0.03 0.13 0.65 

1844 years .................................................................................................. 0.06 0.06 0.15 0.84 0.99 1.42 0.29 

45-64 years .................................................................................................. 0.12 0.11 0.34 0.56 0.56 1.15 

65-74 years .................................................................................................. 0.19 0.16 0.58 0.36 0.37 1.04 

All ages, l-74 years.. ......................................................................... 0.05 0.06 0.09 0.48 0.57 1.05 

I-5 years ...................................................................................................... 

6-l 1 veers.. .................................................................................................. 0.06 0.07 0.11 

12-17 veers .................................................................................................. 0.05 0.04 0.16 0.85 

IS-44 veers.. ................................................................................................ 0.07 0.07 0.16 1.30 1.49 1.69 - 0.28 

4564 years .................................................................................................. 0.17 0.19 0.34 0.68 0.56 1.89 1.07 

65-74 years .................................................................................................. 0.28 0.24 0.84 0.53 0.59 1 .I 1 0.57 

All ages, l-74 years.. ......................................................................... 0.05 0.05 0.12 

l-5 veers.. .................................................................................................... 

6-11 years .................................................................................................... 0.06 0.06 0.10 

12-17 years .................................................................................................. 0.06 0.04 0.22 1.41 

1844 years .................................................................................................. 0.07 0.07 0.18 1 .oo 1.15 1.86 0.40 

45.64 years .................................................................................................. 0.11 0.10 0.43 0.83 0.94 1.23 0.89 

65-74 yearr .................................................................................................. 0.15 0.15 0.30 0.61 0.68 1.67 0.60 

‘Includes data for “other”races. which are not shown separately. 

16 
APPENDIXES 

CONTENTS 

I. The Dental Examination ................................................................................................................ 

The Examination ...................................................................................................................... 

The Periodontal Index (PI) ....................................................................................................... 

The Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S) .............................................................................. 

Edentulous Arches-Denture Status ........................................................................................... 

Treatment Needs.. ...................................................................................................................... 

II. Demographic Terms ....................................................................................................................... 

III. Statistical Notes ............................................................................................................................. 

The Survey Design .................................................................................................................... 

Reliability of Estimates ............................................................................................................. 

IV. HAN&S I Data Tape Summaries ..................................................................................................... 

APPENDIX FIGURE 

I. Dental Examination form ... .. .. ... . .. .... ... ... .._..................................................................................... 

LIST OF APPENDIX TABLES 

18 

18 

23

23 

24 

24 

25 

26 

26 

27 

29 

19 

I. Number of sample persons aged 1-74 years who received a dental examination, by sex and age: 

United States, 1971-74 .. .. .... .. .... .. .. .. .. . . .... .. . ... . ... .. ... . .. ... . .... . . .... .. .. ... .. . .... .. ..... . . .... ... ... .. . ... ... .. .. ... . .. 27 

II. HANES I population estimates for examination locations l-65, by sex, race, and age at examination . .. .... .. .. ... .. . .... .. .. ... . .. .... .. . .... . .. ... . ... .. .. .. ... .. .. .... . . .... . ... ... .. . ... .. .. ... . .. .... . ... ... . .. ... .. . ........................ 27 

17 
APPENDIX I 

THE DENTAL EXAMINATION 

The Examination 

The dental examination findings were recorded on a form which eliminated the timeconsuming task of coding and keypunching. The 

form (figure I), four pages bound at the lefthand margin, was fed into an Optical Mark Page 

Reader that read the findings and entered the 

data directly on IBM cards. 

Instructions for determining the conditions 

of individual teeth and recording the information were as follows: 

1. Primary tooth present-A primary tooth 

was coded as “11,” and its status was also 

coded. 

2. Pcrinanent tooth present-Only the 

statits of a permanent tooth was coded. 

3. Normal-Unfilled teeth without carious 

lesions were coded as “3.” 

4. Carious Unfilled teeth with carious 

lesions were coded according to the surfaces involved. 

5. Filled (iiicluding crown) -‘l’eeth with 

satisfactory- fillings and no carious lesions were coded according to the surfaces involved. 

6. E‘illcd defective (or tooth both filled and 

carioiis)-- Filled or crowned teeth with 

new or recurrent carious lesions were 

coded according to the surfaces involved. 

Noncarious filled teeth were coded in 

the same way when the restoration was 

loose, or fractured, and the base or pulpal wall of the cavity preparation was exposed. Teeth with temporary fillings or 

crowns were coded as filled defective. 

7. Nonfunctional-carious-When decay had 

penetrated the pulp chamber of a tooth, 

the tooth was coded under “XD.” Carious teeth are nonfunctional when there 

was : 

a. Visible evidence of a periapical abscess or pulpal exposure, 

b. Visible evidence of extensive undermining of all enamel walls or if roots 

only were remaining. 

8. Retained deciduous teeth-When any 

portion of the succedaneous tooth could 

be seen, it was given an appropriate 

status code under teeth present and also 

coded “XD” and “D.” 

9. Missing teeth (unerupted, extracted, and 

replaced)-When neither a primary nor a 

permanent tooth was present (the tooth 

space may have been vacant or the 

missing tooth may have been replaced by 

a fixed or removable partial denture), a 

code was recorded indicating the status 

of the tooth space. For persons 35 years 

old or under, the reason that the tooth 

was missing should have been determined. When there was doubt, it was 

scored as missing because of decay. The 

codes were as follows: 

2 = Unerupted, primary 

0 = Unerupted, permanent 

IR = Extracted, caries 

1 = Extracted, accident, orthodontics, 

impaction 

18 
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION AND WELFARE Confidentiality has been assured the mdwdual 8s set forth in 22 FR 1687 1 

HEALTH AND NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY Ip L,:: :z:: ::s: -4: 

DENTAL EXAM’NAT’oN 

NPiME 

-:e: IkEI 

r:t: occ :6x 

UN :6a 

BUC :%t: 

::a: MES :6& ::F:: 

533rj DIS ! 53: :EEt 

:.e: 3tR ::n: 

:a: occ :6X ::+: 

LIN :@3 

BUC -511 

MES :fi.% 

DIS 63. 

~XR :A*~ 6X ~5Xi OCC 6X 

M, 3Q LIN -60 

51 BUC 6t 

~62 

:63 

XD 

6X 

60 

61 

62 E 

fi3 ER 

Figure I. Dental Exammatlon torm. 
DENTAL EXAMINATION 

PERIODONTAL INDEX 

1Ul0lANl HIADRANI 

UPPER LOWER 

ARCH ARCH 

RIGHT LEFT 

UPPER LOWER 

ARCH ARCH 

LEFT RIGHT 

-UPPER ARCH 

-

-

OTHER CONDlTlONS YES NO. = 

- BLEEDING GUMS ~~-- -

- DIFFUSE M*RGINAL INFLPlMMATlON : :: :I:-: - SWOLLEN RED PAPlLLAE -

RECESSION -

- FOUR OR MORE PAIRS - OF OPPOSING SERVICEABLE 

POSTERIOR TEETH :m:: PRESENT = 

ABSENT q 

ORTHODONTIC ~~~~ PRESENT q 

APPLIANCE ~::~ ABSENT = 

-

-

IFigure I. Dental Examination form-Con. 

20 
DENTAL EXAMINATION 

:a: 

x8: 

::e: 

- ::S: -

- BUCCAL SEGMENT RELATION POSTERIOR CROSSBITE ENAMEL BIOPSY - WCCAL RiGHrL!NG”AL 

m TEETH ABSENT - -MODERATE r zkb% EQUIPMENT FAILURE - :k& OTHER REASON -

1 3%: rc :er :::3: :*: ::3: :.*: r%. ::e: ::9: 

1 

- :YEs TOOTH 

::I:: :zaz 

:iQ: :S: 

II:::; PRIMARY ARCH 

HLD INDEX (HANDIC PPING LABlO-LI 5iai-m UIONS) 

-

-

t&4 NOT *PP,u*BLt - MAtALIGN iii TEETH EDENTULOUS ARCHES-DENTURE STATUS 

- UPPER ~W ABSENT PRESENT DEFE 

ANTERIOR UPPER 

- .e 1. e. 3 .:C MINOR 3 1-9 LOWER .~::I 

.*: .I. ~2 3 -4. MAJOR 3 ~-9 WHEN YOU EAT, ),g E - POSTERIOR DO YOU USE AN UPPER PLATE? -:..: ::111 -

- ..I:- ..e. ~~5. ::4: MINOR + -e: --1:. :-8 :r*. DO YOU USE A LOWER PLATE? .:-: II:;: - z-e. -4.: ..e. 5 -:t.MAJOR -1% ~6: -7. -8. --9: REMARKS: PRESENT I::: ABSEN -

-

- LOWER -

- ANTERIOR 

- I*- mzI + 3: --4 MINOR 5 z-8. -

- Q I .:e .3 6:MAJOR ..3 -9 -

- POSTERIOR -

- ZQ 1 -2. .I3 I:&- MINOR ~3. .:B: ::T~ :;B: ::9: 

- ~~e 4 5 ~-3. ::4: MAJOR ::3- :6 :f: ~:a? -3: 

EXAMINER .,-- -12: ;3: RECORDER ::i.: ::&: ::3: -

- .-4. :5- a T- -:e: .:*-: 15: x6: -7. ::e: -

Figure I. Dental Examination form-Con. 

21 

-4 
__--. 

. . . . . 

. . . . 

-~... 

DENTAL - EXAMINATION 

- :g: r:j:r :rz: rr3: ::+: ::51 am@ ::zr ::*: ::g: -

-

TREATMENT NEEDS 

::I:: NO APPARENT NEED FOR DENTAL CARE 

YES N O -

. . . . . Z REMOVAL OF DEBRIS AND CALCULUS 

. . . . . . . . . . 1.::: GINGIVITIS TREATMENT 

. . . . . . . ..~ ::::: PERIODONTAL DISEASE TREATMENT 

. . . . . ..-. ::::: SEVERE MALOCCLUSION TREATMENT 

.._.. . . . . ...-. . DECAYED PRIMARY TEETH 

ONE-SURFACE FILLINGS 

TWO-SURFACE FILLINGS 

THREE (OR MORE)­

SURFACE FILLINGS 

EXTRACTIONS 

...l ::::I DECAYED PERMANENT TEETH ONE-SURFACE FILLINGS 

TWO-SURFACE FILLINGS 

THREE (OR MORE)­

SURFACE FILLINGS 

EXTRACTIONS 

..~ 

. . . . rz::: EXTRACTIONS, PERIODONTAL DISEASE 

:---. :::-: EXTRACTIONS, OTHER 

. . . . . ..~.. FIXED BRIDGES AND/OR PARTIAL DENTURES INDICATED . . REPLACING TEETH NO.‘S 

UPPER ARCH 

~~~

...._ ::::I REPAIR OR RELINE OF REPAIR 

DENTURE OR BRIDGE RELINE 

---.. :-: CONSTRUCT DENTURE(S) 

HSM-05.5 (PWJ’4, 

REV 4-71 

STAND :*t: * ::j:: + :+: ::&: ::5: -*I ::r: ‘-8: ..gr 

:a: zz1-r :z: 7:s: AND ::4: am& ::g: ::j;: ::*: :;g: 

CONTROL :g: :rj:: r*: a+ ::*: ::s: ::a: ::t: ::*r ::gz 

. 

INTERVIEW 

DO YOU HAVE ANY TROUBLE; YES NO 

CHEWING STEAKS, CHOPS OR FIRM MEATS? :..:I 1:::: 

BITING APPLES OR CORN-ON-THE-COB? ::::: I._.. 

_.__. BITING OR CHEWING ANY OTHER FOODS? ::::: . .._. 

0 I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 . .

. . . .. . . .. . . .. .. . . .

. . TENS 

. . .._ :T_~: . . . . . . . I:::: UNITS ::::I ::::: I:::: I:::: ::I:: . . . _... _.... 

..... I~::: _._. ._. . ..... . ... TENS 

..___ .._.. _.... . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. 1:::: UNITS ::::I ::::I :::I: :I::: ::::: 

. _. . . . . . . .

. .. . .. .. . . . . . . . . . ..~.~ TENS

. . .._ ._.. _ _..._ . .

. . .. . . _. . . . . . :..:I UNITS I::.: I:::: t:::: :::I: :::::

.... -:::_ ... ... TENS 

._~~_ ..___ _.... -.... 

0 I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 _ . . . . . __. . . TENS ’ “: 

. . . . . . . . .-... . . . ::::: UNITS ::::: ::::: I:::: ::I:: :.:I: 

_... :::z: UNITS I:::: ::::: ::::I :::.I ::::: 

..... ..... ..... .._.. TENS 

..~. .r:~~ :::I: UNITS I:::: ::::: ::::I ::::I .z..: 

:--:: .

. .. . .

. .. .. . . . . . . ..~.. TENS 

. . . . . ..~.. ‘I:I: ;:::: UNITS ::::: ::::: I:::: ::::I :I::: 

I::~: . . TENS 

. . . I:_:~ . ::::: I:;: UNITS ;:;I ::;: ..::: :::z. 1:::: .

..~. .._. 

0 I 2 3 7 a 9 TENS 

:J:: --.: UNITS ::-:I ::I:: :z::: 1:::: :::I: 

TENS 

.:::: :..:: UNITS ::::: ::::: ::::I ;:I:: ::::: 

::j:: ::2 1%: ::4-: :52 :s:: ::2: :z3:: 

-zg:: .t*: :j-t: -12. :,3: :,a: :*a: :tez 

F.U. -:z.- F.L. :::I: P.U. ::::: P.L. ::::: 

F.U. .---- F.L. :;-.. p.u. -_..: P.L.:;::: 

F.,,. ::;: F.L. ~----

-

-

= 

ZI 

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Figure I. Dental Examination form-Con. 

22 
F = Missing, replaced on a fixed bridge. 

The reason for extraction was also 

coded if the sample person was 35 

years or under. 

FD = Missing, replaced on a defective 

fixed bridge. The reason for extraction was also coded if the sample 

person was age 35 or under. 

Fixed bridges were defective: 

A. When one of the abutment teeth was 

nonfunctional because of either caries 

or loss of supporting structure, or when 

there was visible evidence of periapical 

pathology. 

B. When the connection of the pontic with 

its abutment was broken. 

C. When an abutment crown or inlay was 

defective because of one of the following reasons: 

1. The tooth structures exposed by 

abrasion of the crown or inlay were 

carious. 

2. A carious lesion at one of the margins of the restoration had resulted 

in extensive undermining of an 

enamel wall. 

The Periodontal Index (PI) 

Scores are assigned according to these criteria: 

O-Negative. There is neither overt inflammation in the investing tissues nor loss of 

function due to destruction of supporting 

tissues. 

l-Mild gingivitis. There is an overt area of 

inflammation in the free gingivae, but the 

area does not circumscribe the tooth. 

Z-Gingivitis. Inflammation completely circumscribes the tooth, but there is no 

apparent break in the epithelial attachment. 

6-Gingivitis with pocket formation. The 

epithelial attachment has been broken 

and there is a pocket (not merely a deepened gingival crevice due to swelling in 

the free gingivae). There is no interference with normal masticator-vI function; 

the tooth is firm in its socket and has not 

drifted. 

8-Advanced destruction with loss of masticatory function. The tooth may be loose; 

may have drifted; may sound dull on percussion with a metallic instrument. 

RULE: When in doubt, assign the lesser 

score. 

Each tooth present in the mouth, unless it is a 

root, was scored, and the arithmetic average of 

all scores was the individual’s PI. 

The Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHIS) 

Selected surfaces of six teeth were used in 

making this estimation .of oral hygiene status. 

For the purposes of this examination each surface that was used, buccal or lingual, was considered to encompass half of the circumference of 

the tooth. The buccal surface of a molar, for example, was considered to include half of the 

mesial surface and half of the distal. 

On both sides of the arch the posterior tooth 

assessed was the most anterior, fully erupted 

permanent molar or, in its absence, the most 

distal fully erupted primary molar. In most 

cases, this was a first permanent mo1a.r;in other 

cases it was a first or second primary moIar or a 

second permanent molar. The buccal surfaces of 

upper molars and the lingual of lower molars 

were examined. In the anterior portion of the 

mouth, the labial surfaces of the upper right central incisor and the lower left central incisor 

were examined. When these teeth were missing, 

only the adjacent central incisor was examined. 

Examining for oral debris.-The surface area 

covered by debris was estimated by running a 

No. 5 explorer along the surface being examined 

and noting the occlusal or incisal extent of the 

debris as it was removed from the tooth surface 

and adhered to the explorer. 

Scores were assigned according to the following criteria: 

O-No debris or stain present. 

l-(a) Soft debris covering not more than 

the gingival third of the tooth surface, or 

(b) the presence of extrinsic stains with23 
out debris regardless of surface area 

covered. 

Z-Soft debris covering more than one-third 

but not more than two-thirds of the exposed tooth surface. 

S-Soft debris covering more than two-thirds 

of the exposed tooth surface. 

Examining for oral calculus.-A No. 5 explorer was also used to estimate the surface area 

covered by supragingival calculus and to probe 

for subgingival calculus. 

Scores were assigned according to the following criteria: 

O-No calculus present. 

1-Supragingival calculus covering not more 

than one-third of the exposed tooth surface. 

2-Supragingival calculus covering more than 

one-third but not more than two-thirds of 

the exposed tooth surface, and/or the 

presence of individual flecks of subgingival calculus around the cervical portion of 

the tooth. 

3-Supragingival calculus covering more than 

two-thirds of the exposed tooth surface 

and/or a continuous heavy band of subgingival calcuIus around the cervical portion of the tooth. 

Edentulous Arches-Denture Status 

No entry was made in this section unless at 

least one arch was edentulous. An arch with 

erupted or partly erupted teeth was considered 

edentulous if a full denture was being used. 

Absent.-No teeth (or roots) were present in 

the arch and the examinee did not have a denture either in his mouth or on his person at the 

time of examination. 

Present.-A denture was present in the 

mouth and not defective at the time of examination. 

0 

Defective.-There is visible evidence that the 

denture was causing extensive destruction of 

the primary stress-bearing areas of the ridge or 

palate. Tissue in these areas may have been 

acutely inflamed; bone resorption may have 

occurred; hyperthrophied tissue may have been 

present. The denture was also defective if it was 

in the possession of the examinee at the time 

of the examination but not in the mouth. If a , 

denture status code for either or both arches was 

marked, the following should also be true: 

A. The spaces for the appropriate arch (or 

arches) under Status of Tooth Spaces, 

Periodontal Index, and Malaligned Teeth 

should be left blank. 

B. The “NA” spaces for the appropriate 

arch (or arches) under OH1 should be 

marked. 

C. The “NA” spaces under Opacities, But- ’ 

cal Segment Relation, Posterior Crossbite, Incisor Relationship, and Handicapping Labio-Lingual Deviations (HLD) 

index should be marked. 

Treatment Needs 

This estimate was based on the examiner’s 

clinical judgment. Certain factors, however, 

should have been kept in mind when it was decided whether missing teeth ought to be replaced and when all remaining teeth in an arch 

ought to be extracted and a full denture constructed. In addition to the status of oral 

hygiene and periodontal disease, the examinee’s 

age, his responses to the questions about chewing and eating, and the probable benefit of 

recommended service to the individual’s health’ 

and nutrition were al1 taken into account. 

A “yes” or “no” was reported for each area, 

of need. Counts of the numbers of fillings and 

extractions needed were recorded when appropriate, and teeth to be replaced by fixed bridges 

or partial dentures were indicated. The type of ’ 

denture was marked in the area ‘provided 

repair, reline, and construction of dentures. 

00 

24 
APPENDIX I I 

DEMOGRAPHIC TERMS 

~&.-Two ages were recorded for each examinee: the age at last birthday at the time of 

examination and at the time of the census interview. The age criterion for inclusion in the sample used in this survey was defined as age at time 

of census interview. The adjustment and weighting procedures used to produce national estimates were based on the age at interview. Data 

in the detailed tables and text of the report are 

shown by age at the time of the examination, 

except that those few who became 75 years by 

. the time of the examination are included, in the 

65-74-year group. 

000 

Race.--Race was recorded as “white,” 

“Negro,” or “other. ” “Other” includes Japanese, 

Chinese, American Indian, Korean, Eskimo, and 

all races other than white and Negro. Mexicans 

were included with “white” unless definitely 

known to be American Indian or of other nonwhite race. Negroes and persons of mixed Negro 

and other parentage were recorded as “Negro.” 

When a person of mixed racial background was 

uncertain about his race, the race of his father 

was recorded. 

25 
APPENDIX III 

STATISTICAL NOTES 

The Survey Design 

The sample design for HANES I is basically 

a three-stage, stratified, probability sample of 

loose clusters of persons in land-based segments. 

The sample was designed to be representative of 

the civilian noninstitutionalized population, 

aged l-74 years, living within the coterminous 

United States, with the exception that all persons residing upon reservation lands set aside for 

the use of American Indians would be excluded. 

In the first stage of the design, 65 primary 

sampling units (PSU’s) were selected with piobability proportional to size from the approximately 1,900 PSU’s into which the United 

States has been divided. A PSU consists of a 

county, a small group of contiguous counties, 

or a standard metropolitan statistical area. Before selecting the 65 PSU’s for inclusion in 

HANES I, the approximately 1,900 PSU’s were 

first grouped into 40 strata of which 15 contained only a single large metropolitan area with 

a population of more than 2 million. All 15 of 

the largest PSU’s and 2 PSU’s from each of the 

other 25 strata were selected. 

At the second stage of the design a sample of 

segments, consisting of approximately six households each, was systematically selected within 

each selected PSU. Although the 1970 census 

data were used as the frame for sampling within 

PSU’s when they became available, the calendar 

of operations required that the 1960 census data 

be usedyor the first 44 selected PSU’s. Generally 

there were three types of segments used: 

1. Segments from the census listing books 

2. Area segments which are defined geographically 

3. Permit segments, using updated lists of 

building permits issued in sample PSU’s. 

At the third stage of sampling, a list of all 

eligible persons was made within each selected 

segment. From this list persons were then systematically selected for inclusion in HANES I. 

A more complete description of the survey 

design is included in Vital and Health Statistics, 

Series 1-Nos. 10a and 14. 

Since the design of HANES I is a complex 

multistage probability sample, it is necessary to 

use complex procedures in the derivation of 

estimates. Three basic operations are involved. 

1. Inflation by the reciprocal of the probability of selection. -The probability of 

selection from each step of selection in 

the design (PSU, segment, and sample 

person). 

2. Nonresponse adjustment. -The estimates 

are inflated by a multiplication factor 

calculated within each PSU for each of 

five selected income groups. The numerator of these factors consists of the sum 

of the weights for sample persons resulting from the reciprocal of the probability of selection and the denominator 

consists of the sum of the weights for 

examined persons also resulting from the 

reciprocal of the probability of selection. 

3. Poststratification by age-sex-race.-The 

estimates are ratio adjusted within each 

of 60 age-sex-race cells to an independent estimate, provided by the U.S. 

Bureau of the Census, of the population 

of each cell as of the midpoint of the 

26 
Table I. Number of sample persons aged 1-74 years who 

received a dental examination, by sex and age: United States, 

1971-74 

Age Total Male Female 

Number of sample persons 

All ages, l-74 years . . .... . ... . I 20,749 

I-5 years ..................................... 

6-11 years ................................... 

12-17 years ................................. 

1844 years ................................. 

45-64 years ................................. 

65-74 years ................................. 

2,953 

2,019 

2,132 

7,318 

2,861 

3,466 

survey. The effect of the ratio-estimating 

process is to make the sample more 

closely representative of the civilian noninstitutionalized population by age, sex, 

and race, which thereby reduces sampling variance. 

DentaI findings were recorded for 20,749 

persons classified in table I by age and sex; the 

estimated civilian noninstitutionalized U.S. population aged l-74 years is shown in table II by 

age, race, and sex. 

Table II. HANES I population estimates for examination 

-

T 

The estimates closely approximate the U.S. 

population as estimated by the U.S. Bureau of 

the Census as of the midpoint of the survey sample desi_gn. The figures in table II may differ 

slightly from the census estimates because the 

latter are based upon the ages of sample persons 

at the time they were examined, whereas the 

poststratification was based upon the ages at 

interview. Because certain analyses must be done 

on the basis of age at examination, the population estimates for the sake of consistency have 

also been based upon age at examination. 

Reliability of Estimates 

Since the statistics presented in this report 

are based on a sample, they will differ somewhat 

from the figures that would have been obtained 

if the survey had been conducted on the complete population. In other words, the statistics 

are subject to sampIing v&ability. 

The standard error is primarily a measure of 

sampIing variability, but may also in&de part 

of the variation that arises in the measurement 

process. The standard errors presented in tables 

l-l 1 have been calcuIated by a technique re& 

ferred to as “balanced repeated replication.” 

locations l-65, by sex, race,and age at exammation 

Estimated population 

Age at examination Male Female 

Total 

All races White Black All races White Black 

Total . .. ... . ... .... .. .... .. . 193,976,381 94.239.866 82,740,899 10,4 13,986 99,736,515 86.867,646 11.999835 

1 year.. .................................... 3,313,458 1,693,074 1,401,508 280,212 1,620,384 1,327,657 257,289 

2-3 years.. ................................ 6,963,162 3,553,765 2,997,107 479,362 3.409.397 2,872,581 505.442 

45 years.. ................................ 6,672,346 3,378,503 2,866,374 485,872 3.293.843 2,755.07 6 511,134 

6-7 years.. ................................ 7,193,663 3.652.322 3,060,888 573,867 3.541.341 2,951,927 576,578 

8-9 years.. ................................ 7.696.597 3.880.396 3,279,649 586,419 3,816,201 3,257,936 539,855 

1O-l 1 years.. ............................ 8,465,793 4,381,730 3,732,593 563,823 4,084,063 3,424,070 617,793 

, 12-14 years.. ............................ 12.335.321 6,312,519 5,397,061 879,377 6.022.802 5,122,189 836,252 

15-17 years.. ............................ 12,318,434 6,207,169 5,311,596 812,321 6,111,265 5,233,091 853,294 

18-19 years.. ............................ 7‘352,200 3,673,321 3,206,467 404.045 3,678,879 3,158,930 504,417 

20-24 years.. ............................ 17,325,038 8,109,775 7.094,036 866,201 9,215,263 7,972,486 1,073,358 

25-34 years .............................. 26,936,OOl 13,002,514 11,594,115 1,231,793 13,933487 12,160,578 1,646,337 

35-44 years.. ............................ 22,268,477 10,675,731 9,515,530 1.004.953 11.592.746 IO,1 11,458 1,318,050 

’ 45-54 years.. ............................ 23,313,316 11,150,110 10,039,124 1,056,837 12,163,206 10.879.167 1.237.459 

55-64 years.. ............................ 19.049.001 9.072.586 8,274,948 702,647 9,976.415 9‘037.157 871,098 

65-74 years.. ............................ 12,773,574 5,496,351 4,969,903 486,257 7.277.223 6.603.303 651,579 

NOTE: The numbers in this table constitute estimates and closely approximate the U.S. population as estimated by the U.S. Bureau 

of the Census as of Nov. 1, 1912. 

27 
The need for this specialized technique for estimating standard errors arises because of the 

complexity of the sample design of HANES I 

which makes it inappropriate to calculate them 

by a technique that does not account for the 

complex sample design. (See Vital and Health 

Statistics, Series ~-NO. 14.) It must be noted 

that estimates of standard errors are themselves 

subject to errors that may be large if the number 

of cases upon which the estimates are based is 

small. 

Standard errors of estimates shown in tables 

1-11 have been computed using the balanced 

half-sample replication procedure. 

If a reader wants to know whether proportionately more females than males are totally 

edentulous, the following procedure can be 

used. The procedure used to test the significance 

of the difference between the percents for females and males consists of dividing the difference between the percents by the standard error 

of the difference; that is, a Z-statistic can be 

computed, where 

Z=d&. 

An approximation of the standard error of the 

difference 

d=Pf- Pm 

is given by the formula 

000 

where 

Pf = percent for females 

Pm = percent for males 

and 

SPf and % m 

are the standard errors, respectively, of Pf and 

Pm. This estimate might be an overestimate or 

underestimate of the actual standard error of the 

difference where two groups or measures are respectively positively or negatively correlated. 

For our example, 

11.8 - 9.5 

z= 

(0.47* + 0.60*)% 

= 3.03 

Because Z is at leist 1.96, the difference is significant at the 95-percent level. 

Alternatively, the reader may want to compute a confidence interval (95 percent, for 

example) around the percent for females. That 

should be done in the following manner: 

p + 1.96 S, 

For p = 11.8 and Sp = 0.47 the resultant 95-

percent confidence Interval for the percent of 

females who are totally edentulous is 10.88 to 

12.72. In other words, the probability that the 

true estimate lies within that interval is 9.5 

percent. 

28 
APPENDIX IV 

HANES I TAPE SUMMARIES 

DEMOGRAPHIC DATA SUMMARY - HANES I 

Tape 

positions 

Sample sequence number ................................................................................................................................................................ 1 

Size of place .................................................................................................................................................................................... 10 

SMSA-not SMSA ............................................................................................................................................................................. 11 

Type of living quarters .................................................................................................................................................................... 12 

Land usage ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 13 

If rural, asked - How many acres of land are included.. .................................................................................................................. 14 

If 10 acres or more asked - Sale of crops, etc. amount to $50 or more .......................................................................................... 15 

If 10 acres or less asked - Sale of crops, etc. amount to $250 or more.. ......................................................................................... 16 

Age - head of household ................................................................................................................................................................ 17 

Sex - head of household.. ............................................................................................................................................................... 19 

Highest grade attended - head of household ................................................................................................................................... 20 

Race - head of household.. ............................................................................................................................................................. 22 

Total number of persons in household ........................................................................................................................................... 23 

Total sample persons in household .................................................................................................................................................. 25 

Number of rooms in house .............................................................................................................................................................. 27 

Is there piped water.. ....................................................................................................................................................................... 28 

If yes, is there hot and cold piped water.. ........................................................................................................................................ 29 

If yes to piped water - Does house have a sink with piped water.. .................................................................................................. 30 

Does house have a range or cook stove.. .......................................................................................................................................... 31 

Does house have a refrigerator.. ....................................................................................................................................................... 32 

Are kitchen facilities used by anyone not living in household ......................................................................................................... 33 

Total family income group .............................................................................................................................................................. 34 

NOTE: The following income questions were asked g& if “Total Family Income” was less than $7,000 

During Past Year Did You or Any Members of Your Family Receive Money From: 

Wages or salaries .............................................................................................................................................................................. 36 

If yes - How much altogether before deductions.. .......................................................................................................................... 37 

Social Security or Railroad Retirement ........................................................................................................................................... 41 

If yes - How much altogether.. ....................................................................................................................................................... 42 

Welfare payments or other public assistance.. .................................................................................................................................. 46 

If yes - How much altogether ......................................................................................................................................................... 47 

Unemployment or Workman’s Compensation ................................................................................................................................. 51 

If yes - How much altogether.. ....................................................................................................................................................... 52 

Government employee pensions or private pensions.. ...................................................................................................................... 56 

If yes - How much altogether.. ....................................................................................................................................................... 57 

Dividends, interest or rent ............................................................................................................................................................... 61 

If yes - How much altogether.. ....................................................................................................................................................... 62 

Net income from own non-farm business, professional practice or partnership ............................................................................... 66 

29 
Tape 

positions 

If yes - How much altogether ......................................................................................................................................................... 67 

Net income from a farm .................................................................................................................................................................. 71 

If yes - How much all together ....................................................................................................................................................... 72 

Veterans payments .......................................................................................................................................................................... 76 

If yes - How much all together ....................................................................................................................................................... 77 

Alimony, child support or contributions from persons not living in household ............................................................................... 81 

If yes - How much all together ........................................................................................... :. .......................................................... 82 

Any other income ........................................................................................................................................................................... 86 

If yes - How much all together. ...................................................................................................................................................... 87 

Total amount .................................................................................................................................................................................. 91 

Family unit code ..................................................................................................................................... L....................................... 95 

Relationship to head of household.. ................................................................................................................................................ 100 

Age at interview .............................................................................................................................................................................. 101 

Race of examined person ................................................................................................................................................................ 103 

Sex of examined person .................................................................................................................................................................. 104 

Marital status ................................................................................................................................................................................... 105 

Date of birth (month and year). ................... . .................................................................................................................................. 106 

Place of birth ................................................................................................................................................................................... 110 

Highest grade of regular school ever attended.. ................................................................................................................................ 1 I2 

Did he finish the grade .................................................................................................................................................................... 114 

Is he attending school now.. ............................................................................................................................................................ 115 

Has he ever attended a school of any kind.. ..................................................................................................................................... 116 

If yes -What kind of school ........................................................................................................................................................... 117 

Is any language other than English frequently spoken in the household .......................................................................................... 118 

If yes -What language .................................................................................................................................................................... 119 

What is your main ancestry or national origin ................................................................................................................................. 120 

What was he doing most of past three months ................................................................................................................................. 122 

If “something else” -What was he doing.. ...................................................................................................................................... 123 

If “keeping house” or “something else” - Did he work at a job or business at any time during the past three months.. .................. ‘124 

If “working” - Did he work full-time or part-time ......................................................................................................................... 125 

Did he work at any time last week or the week before (not around house). .................................................................................... 126 

If no - Even though he did not work during that time, does he have a job or business.. ................................................................. 127 

Was he looking for work or on lay-off from a job ............................................................................................................................ 128 

If yes -Which ................................................................................................................................................................................. 129 

Class of worker.. ............................................................................................................................................................................... 130 

If self-employed in “own” business and not a farm, is the business incorporated.. .......................................................................... 131 

Business or industry code.. .............................................................................................................................................................. 132 

Occupation code ............................................................................................................................................................................. 135 

Date of examination.. ...................................................................................................................................................................... 138 

Age at examination ......................................................................................................................................................................... 144 

Farm/non-farm.. .............................................................................................................................................................................. 146 

Poverty index .................................................................................................................................................................................. 147 

Region ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 150 

FOOD PROGRAMS APPLICABILITY.. ......................................................................................................................................... 151 

Are you certified to participate in the food stamp program? ........................................................................................................... 152 

Are you buying food stamps now?. ....................................................................... :. ........................................................................ 153 

What is the main reason you aren’t participating in the program?. .................................................................................................. 154 

Are you certified to participate in the commodity distribution program?. ...................................................................................... 155 

Are you receiving commodity foods now for your family? ............................................................................................................. 156 

Why aren’t you participating in the program? ................................................................................................................................. 157 

SAMPLE WEIGHTS. ....................................................................................................................................................................... 158 

STRATA - Primary Sampling Unit (PSU) . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ 194 

30 
DENTAL TAPE SUMMARY - HANES I 

Tape 

positions 

CATALOG NUMBER - 4235 .... .. .. .... . ... ... .. . .... .. ..... .. . .... .. . ... . .. ... ... . .... . .. ... . ... ... . . .... ... .. . .. ... .... .. .... . . .... . .. ... ... . .... . . .... . . .... .. .. ... ... . ..... . .... 201 

Denture Status 

Upper arch ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 211 

Lower arch ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 212 

indices 

Simplified Debris ............................................................................................................................................................................. 213 

Simplified Calculus .......................................................................................................................................................................... 216 

Simplified Oral Hygiene .................................................................................................................................................................. 219 

Periodontal Index for Upper Arch ................................................................................................................................................... 222 

Periodontal Index for Lower Arch .................................................................................................................................................. 225 

Periodontal Index for Mouth ........................................................................................................................................................... 228 

Periodontal Classification, Upper Arch.. .......................................................................................................................................... 231 

Periodontal Classification, Lower Arch ........................................................................................................................................... 232 

Periodontal Classification, Mouth .................................................................................................................................................... 233 

Total Permanent Teeth Present .. . . .... .. ... .. .. .. .. .. ... ... .. .. .. .... ... .. . ... .. .. .. .. ... . .. .. . ... ... . .... .. . ... .. .. ... . ... ... .. . .... . . ... .. .. . .. ... . .... .. .... . . .... ... . .... ... ... . . 234 

(Upper Arch, Lower Arch, Mouth) 

Total Normal Teeth Present .. .... .. .... .. .. .. .. ... .... .. .... .. .. ... .. .. ... . .. .... . . .... . . .. .. ... . .... .. .... . .. .... .. . ... .. .. .. ... . ... .. ...... ... .. ..................................... 240 

(Upper Arch, Lower Arch, Mouth) 

Total Permanent Teeth Erupted . . .... ... .... . ... .. .. . .... .. . ..... . .. .. ... .... . .. . .... . . ... .. .. ... . ... ... . .. ... .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. ... . ... . .. .... .. .. ... . ... .. . ... ... . .. ... .. . .... .. ... 246 

(Upper Arch, Lower Arch, Mouth) 

Total Non-Functional Carious Permanent Teeth Present .. .. .. .. ... . .. .. .. ... .. . ... .. .. ... . .. ... ... . .... . . .. .. . . .. .. . ... ... . ... ... . .. ... . .. .... ... ... .. .. .. .. . ... ... . .. .. 252 

(Upper Arch, Lower Arch, Mouth) 

Total Decayed Permanent Teeth .. .. .. .... . . .. ... . . .... .. .. ..... . .... . .. ... .. .. .... . .. ... . . .... . .. ... .. .. .. ... . ... .. . ... ... . .... . . .. . ... . ... .... .. .. . . .... . .. ... . . .... .. . .... .. . ... . . 258 

(Upper Arch, Lower Arch, Mouth) 

Total Missing Permanent Teeth *........................................................................................................................................ . . .. .. .. . .... . 264 

(Upper Arch, Lower Arch, Mouth) 

Total Teeth Missing for Unknown Reason . . .. .. .. .. .. .... . . .. .. . . .... . .. .... . ... .. .. . .... . . .. .. . ... ... . .. ... .. .. .. .. .. ..... . .... . .. ... . .. . .. . .. .... .. . ... .. . .... . .. ... .. . ... ... . 270 

(Upper Arch, Lower Arch, Mouth) 

Total Teeth Extracted for Reason Other Than Caries . . .. ... .... . .. ... . .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .... . .. ... .. .... .. . .... .. .. ... . . .... .. .... .. .. . .. . . ... . ... .. ... . .. . .. .... . .. .... .. .. . 276 

Total Filled Permanent Teeth Without Decay . ... .. .. . .... . ... .. .. .. .... . . .... .. . ... ... .. .. ... . ... .. .. ... .. . ... .. .. .. .. .. .. ... . ... .. . .. .. .. ... .. ... ... . .. ... . . .... . .. ......... 278 

(Upper Arch, Lower Arch, Mouth) 

Total Filled Defective Permanent Teeth ... ... . .. .... .. .. .. .. . ... .. .. . .... . ... ... .. . .... . ..... .. . .... .. .. ... . .. ... . .. .... . .. ... . .. ... .. . .... .. . .... . ... .. . .. ... ... .... . .. .... .. ... 284 

(Upper Arch, Lower Arch, Mouth) 

Sum of Decayed, Missing and Filled Permanent Teeth . ... .. .. ... . .. ... . .. .... . . ..... . . .. .. ... . .. .... . ... .. .. ... . .. ... .. .. .... .. . ... . .. .... . . .. ... ... . ... . .. ... .. .. ... .. .. 290 

(Upper Arch, Lower Arch, Mouth) 

Total Teeth Replaced on Satisfactory Fixed Bridge .... ... .... . .. .. .. .. .. .... . .. .. .. .. .. ... . ..... . . .... . .. ... .. .. ... .. . .... . . .... . .. ... .... .... . .. .... . . .... ... . .... . . .... . 286 

(Upper Arch, Lower Arch, Mouth) 

Total Teeth Replaced on Defective Fixed Bridge .. .. .. ... .. .. .... . . .... ... ... . .. ... ... . ... .. .. .. .. ... .. .. ... .. . ... .. .. .. ... . . .... .. ... .. . .. ... .. ... ... . . .... . . ... .. ... ...... 302 

(Upper Arch, Lower Arch, Mouth) 

Total Teeth Replaced on Satisfactory Removable Partial Denture ... . ... .. .. .. .. .. . .... . .. .... .. .. .. .. .. .... .. ... .. . .... .. .. .. .. .. ... .. . ... . .. .... . .. ... . .. ... .. .. . 308 

(Upper Arch, Lower Arch, Mouth) 

Total Teeth Replaced on Defective Removable Partial Denture . . ... .. .. ... .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. ... .... .. .. .... . ... . . .... .. .. . ..... . .... . .. ... ... .. .. .. .. 314 

(Upper Arch, Lower Arch, Mouth) 

Total Primary Teeth Present .. . .. .... .. .. .. .. . . ... .. . .... .. .. .... .. . ... .. . ... .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. . . ... .. . ... ... ... .. . .. ... .. .. ... .. ..... . .. ... . .. ... . .. .. .................................... 320 

(Upper Arch, Lower Arch, Mouth) 

Total Normal Primary Teeth Present .. .. .. .... . .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .... . .. .... . .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .... . . ... . .. .... . ... .. ... ... .. .. .... . . .... .. . .... ... ... .. . ... .. . .... .. . ... .. .. .. ... .. ... . . 326 

(Upper Arch, Lower Arch, Mouth) 

Total Decayed Primary Teeth .. .... .. .. .... . ... ... . . .... . .. .... ... .... .. . ... . .. ... . .. . ... .. . ... ... .... . .. .... . .. ... .. .. .. . ... ... .. . ... .. .. .. . .... . ... .................................. 332 

(Upper Arch, Lower Arch, Mouth) 

Total Non-Functional Carious Primary Teeth ... . ... ... . .. .. ... . .... . .. ... . ... .. .. .. ... . .. .... . . .... . .. ... .. ... .. .. . .... . . .... . . .... . . ... . . ... .. .. .. .. .. . .. ... . . .... . . .... .. .. . 338 

(Upper Arch, Lower Arch, Mouth) 

Total Unerupted Primary Teeth for Ages I-2 Years . . .. .. .. .. .. .. . .... . . ..... .. . ... . .. .. .. .. .... .. . .... . . ... .. ... .. .. .. .. .. . . .... ... ... . ... .. .. .. . ... .. ... . .. ... ... .... .. .. . 344 

31 
Repair Uppper 

Tape 

positions 

Total Filled Primary Teeth Without Decay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .............. 346 

(Upper Arch, Lower Arch, Mouth) 

‘Filled Defective Primary Teeth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . ............................... 352 

(Upper Arch, Lower Arch, Mouth) 

Sum of Decayed, Non-Functional and Filled Primary Teeth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 358 

Treatment Needs 

No Apparent Need for Dental Care ................................................................................................................................................. 364 

Removal of Debris and Calculus.. .......................................................................................................... .:. ....................................... 365 

Gingivitis Treatment ........................................................................................................................................................................ 366 

Periodontal Disease Treatment ........................................................................................................................................................ 367 

Severe Malocclusion Treatment.. ..................................................................................................................................................... 368 

Decayed Permanent Teeth ............................................................................................................................................................... 369 

Number of 1 Surface Fillings.. ......................................................................................................................................................... 370 

Number of 2Surface Fillings.. ......................................................................................................................................................... 372 

Number of 3-(or more)Surface Fillings ............................................................................................................................................ 374 

Number of Extractions Indicated.. .................................................................................................................................................. 376 

Extractions, Periodontal Disease ..................................................................................................................................................... 378 

Number of Teeth To Be Extracted .................................................................................................................................................. 379 

Extractions, Other Reason .............................................................................................................................................................. 381 

Number of Teeth To Be Extracted ................................................................................................................................................. 382 

Fixed Bridges and/or Partial Removable Dentures Indicated for Replacing Teeth.. ......................................................................... 384 

Number of Upper Teeth .................................................................................................................................................................. 385 

Number of Lower Teeth.. ................................................................................................................................................................ 387 

Number of Bridges .......................................................................................................................................................................... 389 

Number of Partials .......................................................................................................................................................................... 390 

Repair or Reline of Denture or Bridge.. ........................................................................................................................................... 391 

Repair Lower ........................................................................................................................................ ......................................... 392 

.................................................................................................................................................................................. 393 

Reline Upper.. ................................................................................................................................................................................. 394 

Reline Lower .................................................................................................................................................................................. . 395 

Construct Full Dentures (need/no need) ......................................................................................................................................... 396 

What To Construct.. ........................................................................................................................................................................ 397 

Decayed Primary Teeth (need/no need) .......................................................................................................................................... 398 

Number of 1 -Surface Fillings.. ......................................................................................................................................................... 399 

Number of 2Surface Fillings.. ......................................................................................................................................................... 401 

Number of 3-(or more)Surface Fillings.. .......................................................................................................................................... 403 

Number of Extractions Indicated .................................................................................................................................................... 405 

Buccal Segment Relationship 

Right (Permanent/Primary). .................................................................................................................................................. 407 

Left (Permanent/Primary) ...................................................................................................................................................... 409 

Posterior Crossbite 

Right buccal .......................................................................................................................................................................... 411 

Right lingual.. ........................................................................................................................................................................ 412 

Left buccal ............................................................................................................................................................................ 413 

Left lingual ............................................................................................................................................................................ 414 

Incisor Vertical Relationship 

Openbite/Overbite. ................................................................................................................................................................ 415 

HLD Index 

Overjet .................................................................................................................................................................................. 416 

Mandibular Protrusion.. ......................................................................................................................................................... 418 

Overbite ................................................................................................................................................................................ 420 

Openbite ............................................................................................................................................................................... 422 

32 
Tape 

positions 

Malaligned Teeth 

Applicable/Not Applicable .................................................................................................................................................... 424 

Upper Anteriorminor ........................................................................................................................................................... 425 

Upper Anterior-major.. .......................................................................................................................................................... 426 

Upper Posteriorminor.. ......................................................................................................................................................... 427 

Upper Posteriormajor.. ......................................................................................................................................................... 428 

Malaligned Teeth 

Lower Anterior-minor ........................................................................................................................................................... 429 

Lower Anteriormajor ........................................................................................................................................................... 430 

Lower Posterior-minor ................. ......................................................................................................................................... 431 

Lower Posteriormajor.. ......................................................................................................................................................... 432 

Orthodontic Appliances ........................................................................................................................................................ 433 

Was Biopsy Done ............................................................................................................................................................................. 434 

Depth in Microns ............................................................................................................................................................................. 435 

Parts per Million Fluoride.. ....................................... , ...................................................................................................................... 439 

Denture Questions 

When you eat, do you use an upper plate? ...................................................................................................................................... 444 

When you eat, do you use a lower plate?. ........................................................................................................................................ 445 

interview Questions 

Do you have any trouble chewing steaks, chops or firm meats? ...................................................................................................... 446 

Do you have any trouble biting apples, or corn-on-the-cob?. ........................................................................................................... 447 

Do you have any trouble biting or chewing any other foods?. ......................................................................................................... 448 

Four or More Pairs of Opposing Serviceable Posterior Teeth.. ......................................................................................................... 449 

Other Conditions - Indicators of Vitamin C Deficiency 

Bleeding Gums ...................................................................................................................................................................... 450 

Diffuse Marginal Inflammation.. ............................................................................................................................................ 451 

Swollen Red Papillae ........... ..” .............................................................................................................................................. 452 

Recession .............................................................................................................................................................................. 453 

000 

33 

w+. GoQsPlMsmPRIUZIUG GPFICB: 1979 281-259/15 
VITAL AND HEALTH STATISTICS Series 

Series 1. Programs and Collection Procedures.-Reports which describe the general programs of the National 

Center for Health Statistics and its offices and divisions and data collection methods used and include 

definitions and other material necessary for understanding the data. 

Series 2. Data Evaluation and Methods Research.-Studies of new statistical methodology including experimental tests of new survey methods, studies of vital statistics collection methods, new analytical 

techniques, objective evaluations of reliability of collected data, and contributions to statistical theory. 

Series 3. Analytical Studies.-Reports presenting analytical or interpretive studies based on vital and health 

statistics, carrying the analysis further than the expository types of reports in the other series. 

Series 4. Documents and Committee Reports.-Final reports of major committees concerned with vital and 

health statistics and documents such as recommended model vital registration laws and revised birth 

and death certificates. 

Series 10. Data From the Health Interview Survey.-Statistics on illness, accidental injuries, disability, use of 

hospital, medical, dental, and other services, and other health-related topics, all based on data collected 

in a continuing national household interview survey. 

Srrics Il. Data From the Health Examination Survey and the Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.-Data 

from direct examination, testing, and measurement of national samples of the civilian noninstitutionalized population provide the basis for two types of reports: (1) estimates of the medically defined 

prevalence of specific diseases in the United States and the distributions of the population with respect 

to physical, physiological, and psychological characteristics and (2) analysis of relationships among the 

various measurements without reference to an explicit finite universe of persons. 

Series 12. Data From the Institutionalized Population Surveys.-Discontinued effective 1975. Future reports from 

these surveys will be in Series 13. 

Series 13. Data on Health Resources Utilization.-Statistics on the utilization of health manpower and facilities 

providing long-term care, ambulatory care, hospital care, and family planning services. 

Series 14. Data on Health Resources: Manpower and Facilities.-Statistics on the numbers, geographic distribution, and characteristics of health resources including physicians, dentists, nurses, other health 

occupations, hospitals, nursing homes, and outpatient facilities. 

Series 20. Data on Mortality.-Various statistics on mortality other than as included in regular annual or monthly 

reports. Special analyses by cause of death, age, and other demographic variables; geographic and time 

series analyses; and statistics on characteristics of deaths not available from the vital records based on 

sample surveys of those records. 

Series 21. Data on Natality, Marriage, and Divorce.-Various statistics on natality, marriage, and divorce other 

than as included in regular annual or monthly reports. Special analyses by demographic variables; 

geographic and time series analyses; studies of fertility; and statistics on characteristics of births not 

available from the vital records based on sample surveys of those records. 

Series 22. Data From the National Mortality and Natality Surveys.-Discontinued effective 1975. Future reports 

from these sample surveys based on vital records will he included in Series 20 and 21, respectively. 

Series 23. Data From the National Survey of Family Growth.-Statistics on fertility, family formation and dissolution, family planning, and related maternal and infant health topics derived from a biennial survey 

of a nationwide probability sample of ever-married women 15-44 years of age. 

For a list of titles of reports published in these series, write to: Scientific and Technical Information Branch 

National Center for Health Statistics 

Public Health Service 

Hyattsville, hl.d. 20782