# Patent

## Title
Surgical fluidics cassette supporting multiple pumps

## Abstract

The present invention is generally directed to improved methods, devices, and systems for controlling surgical fluid flows, particularly during treatment of an eye. In many embodiments, the invention provides a console that interchangeably accepts multiple types of eye treatment cassettes. The cassettes enable one or both of displacement-based or vacuum-based aspiration. The console and the cassette may communicate to establish the functionality of the installed cassette. The multiple types of cassettes may be produced using a common cassette frame and may include a visual indication of functionality.

## Background
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is generally related to methods, devices, and systems for controlling surgical fluid flows, particularly during treatment of an eye.
The optical elements of the eye include both a cornea (at the front of the eye) and a lens within the eye. The lens and cornea work together to focus light onto the retina at the back of the eye. The lens also changes in shape, adjusting the focus of the eye to vary between viewing near objects and far objects. The lens is found just behind the pupil, and within a capsular bag. This capsular bag is a thin, relatively delicate structure which separates the eye into anterior and posterior chambers.
With age, clouding of the lens or cataracts are fairly common. Cataracts may form in the hard central nucleus of the lens, in the softer peripheral cortical portion of the lens, or at the back of the lens near the capsular bag.
Cataracts can be treated by the replacement of the cloudy lens with an artificial lens. Phacoemulsification systems often use ultrasound energy to fragment the lens and aspirate the lens material from within the capsular bag. This may allow the capsular bag to be used for positioning of the artificial lens, and maintains the separation between the anterior portion of the eye and the vitreous humour in the posterior chamber of the eye.
During cataract surgery and other therapies of the eye, accurate control over the volume of fluid within the eye is highly beneficial. For example, while ultrasound energy breaks up the lens and allows it to be drawn into a treatment probe with an aspiration flow, a corresponding irrigation flow may be introduced into the eye so that the total volume of fluid in the eye does not change excessively. If the total volume of fluid in the eye is allowed to get too low at any time during the procedure, the eye may collapse and cause significant tissue damage. Similarly, excessive pressure within the eye may strain and injure tissues of the eye.
While a variety of specific fluid transport mechanisms have been used in phacoemulsification and other treatment systems for the eyes, aspiration flow systems can generally be classified in two categories: 1) volumetric-based aspiration flow systems using positive displacement pumps; and 2) vacuum-based aspiration systems using a vacuum source, typically applied to the aspiration flow through an air-liquid interface. These two categories of aspiration flow systems each have unique characteristics that render one more suitable for some procedures than the other, and vice versa.
Among positive displacement aspiration systems, peristaltic pumps (which use rotating rollers that press against a flexible tubing to induce flow) are commonly employed. Such pumps provide accurate control over the flow volume. The pressure of the flow, however, is less accurately controlled and the variations in vacuum may result in the feel or traction of the handpiece varying during a procedure. Peristaltic and other displacement pump systems may also be somewhat slow.
Vacuum-based aspiration systems provide accurate control over the fluid pressure within the eye, particularly when combined with gravity-fed irrigation systems. While vacuum-based systems can result in excessive fluid flows in some circumstances, they provide advantages, for example, when removing a relatively large quantity of the viscous vitreous humour from the posterior chamber of the eye. However, Venturi pumps and other vacuum-based aspiration flow systems are subject to pressure surges during occlusion of the treatment probe, and such pressure surges may decrease the surgeon's control over the eye treatment procedure.
Different tissues may be aspirated from the anterior chamber of the eye with the two different types of aspiration flow. For example, vacuum-induced aspiration flow may quickly aspirate tissues at a significant distance from a delicate structure of the eye (such as the capsular bag), while tissues that are closer to the capsular bag are aspirated more methodically using displacement-induced flows.
Conventionally, fluid aspiration systems include a console and a fluidic cassette mounted on the console. The fluidic cassette is typically changed for each patient and cooperates with the console to provide fluid aspiration. Generally, a single type of cassette is used by a particular console, regardless of whether the procedure will require positive displacement aspiration, vacuum-based aspiration, or both.
In light of the above, it would be advantageous to provide improved devices, systems, and methods for eye surgery.
It would be particularly advantageous if these improvements allowed a console to interchangeably accept different types of cassettes tailored to the type of procedure to be performed.
It would also be particularly advantageous if the console and the cassette automatically communicated to establish the functionalities of the mounted cassette.
It would also be particularly advantageous if the different types of cassettes were modularly produced using common components.
It would also be particularly advantageous if the different types of cassettes were visually distinguishable.
It would also be particularly advantageous if improved means are provided for draining a holding tank of a vacuum-based aspiration system.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is generally directed to improved methods, devices, and systems for eye surgery. In some embodiments, the invention may provide a console that interchangeably accepts multiple types of fluidic cassettes. The multiple types of cassettes may enable one or both of displacement-based and vacuum-based eye surgery fluid management systems during phacoemulsification, vitreotomy, therapies of the retina, and/or other treatments that involve penetration into one or more chambers of the eye. The console and the cassettes may automatically communicate to establish the available aspiration modes of the mounted cassette and activate the appropriate mechanisms to enable functionality of the cassettes. Optionally, both displacement and vacuum pumping components may be included in a first type of cassette, and only positive displacement components may be provided in a second type of cassette. Multiple types of fluidic cassettes may be fabricated using a common frame and have visual indicia that identify the type of cassette to a system user. The multiple types of fluidic cassettes may be interchangeably accepted by the console and may include functional indicators that identify to the console the functionalities of the cassettes. A dual mode cassette that enables both displacement-based and vacuum-based fluid aspiration may provide a further displacement-based pump for draining the holding tank of the vacuum-based aspiration system.
One aspect of the invention is directed to an eye treatment system comprising an eye treatment probe, a console having a cassette receptacle that receives a cassette, and multiple types of cassettes configured to couple the console with the probe. Each type of cassette is configured for engagement with the cassette receptacle. A first type of cassette enables displacement-based aspiration and a second type of cassette enables both displacement-based aspiration and vacuum-based aspiration.
In related aspects, the console and the received cassette may communicate to establish a functionality of the cassette. The console may detect a functional indicator of the received cassette. The functional indicator may comprise a holding tank connecting stem that actuates a microswitch or optical switch within the console. The multiple types of cassettes may utilize a common cassette frame. Each type of cassette may include a visual indicator. The visual indicator may include a holding tank visible through a window of the cassette or a clear cassette body through which the presence of the tank may be seen. The console may comprise at least portions of a peristaltic pump, and the displacement-based aspiration may comprise aspiration induced by the peristaltic pump. The console may include a vacuum-based pump, such as a Venturi pump or a rotary vane pump, and the vacuum-based aspiration may comprise aspiration induced by the vacuum-based pump. Alternatively, the vacuum-based aspiration may comprise aspiration induced by a vacuum source.
Another aspect of the present invention is directed to a method for using a surgical console. A first type of cassette is mounted to a receptacle of the console. An eye is treated using displacement-based aspiration with the mounted first type of cassette. A second type of cassette is mounted to the receptacle of the console. Another eye is treated using displacement-based aspiration and vacuum-based aspiration with the mounted second type of cassette. Alternatively or additionally, the first and second types of cassettes may both be used to treat a single eye.
Another aspect of the present invention is directed to a surgical console configured to receive multiple types of eye treatment cassettes. The console includes a cassette receptacle for receiving a cassette. The receptacle is configured to interchangeably receive the multiple types of eye treatment cassettes. The console operates with a first type of cassette to enable displacement-based aspiration. The console operates with a second type of cassette to enable both displacement-based aspiration and vacuum-based aspiration. A controller of the console controls both displacement-based aspiration and vacuum-based aspiration. In related aspects, the surgical console includes a detector for ascertaining a functionality of the received cassette. The detector may comprise a microswitch, optical sensor, or the like.
Another aspect of the present invention is directed to a method for using a surgical console capable of operating with multiple types of eye treatment cassettes. Multiple types of eye treatment cassettes are interchangeably received in a cassette receptacle of the console. Displacement-based aspiration is enabled when a first type of cassette is received and both displacement-based aspiration and vacuum-based aspiration are enabled when a second type of cassette is received. Both the displacement-based aspiration and the vacuum-based aspiration are controlled.
Another aspect of the present invention is directed to eye treatment cassettes of multiple types configured to interchangeably couple with the same surgical console. A first type of cassette enables displacement-based aspiration when coupled with the console and a second type of cassette enables both displacement-based aspiration and vacuum-based aspiration when coupled with the console. In related aspects, each type of cassette may include a common functional indicator that communicates with the console to indicate a function of the type of cassette. The multiple types of cassettes may all utilize a common cassette frame. Each type of cassette may include a common visual indicator that indicates the type of cassette.
Another aspect of the present invention is directed to a method for making eye treatment cassettes of multiple types. A first type of cassette is configured to enable displacement-based aspiration and a second type of cassette is configured to enable both displacement-based aspiration and vacuum-based aspiration. Both the first and second types of cassette are configured to interchangeably couple with the same surgical console.
Another aspect of the present invention is directed to an eye treatment cassette for use with an eye treatment console. The eye treatment console includes a receptacle, at least portions of a peristaltic pump exposed to the receptacle, a vacuum source coupleable to the receptacle, and a cassette functional indicator detector. The cassette includes a cassette frame, an aspiration pathway coupleable to at least one of the peristaltic pump and the vacuum source when the cassette frame is mounted in the receptacle, and may include a cassette functional indicator that signals the detector of the console so as to allow the console to selectively drive aspiration with the at least one of the peristaltic pump or the vacuum source. In some embodiments, a common cassette frame may be configured to interface with only the peristaltic pump or to both the peristaltic pump and the vacuum source. In related aspects, the eye treatment cassette may further include a vacuum sensor for sensing a pressure in the aspiration pathway, an output connecting the aspiration pathway with a collection bag, or an irrigation pathway for receiving an irrigation flow.
Another aspect of the present invention is directed to an eye treatment system. The system includes an eye treatment probe, a surgical console, and a cassette. The surgical console includes a first drive rotor, a second drive rotor, and a vacuum chamber. The cassette is coupled with the surgical console and includes a first peristaltic pump coupled to the probe and a second peristaltic pump coupled to a holding tank. The first drive rotor actuates the first peristaltic pump to aspirate fluids from a patient's eye through the probe and into the holding tank. The vacuum chamber draws a vacuum on the holding tank to aspirate fluids from the patient's eye through the probe and into the holding tank. The second drive rotor actuates the second peristaltic pump to drain the holding tank into a collection bag.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 schematically illustrates an eye treatment system in which a cassette couples an eye treatment probe with an eye treatment console.
FIG. 2 schematically illustrates a dual mode cassette having a surgical fluid pathway network for use in the system of FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 schematically illustrates a single mode displacement-based aspiration cassette having a surgical fluid pathway network for use in the system of FIG. 1.
FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing a single mode fluid network that is mountable on a common cassette frame.
FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing a dual mode fluid network that is mountable on a common cassette frame.
FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing an eye treatment cassette having a visual indication of its functionality.
FIG. 7 is a plan view showing the actuation of a microswitch in the console by a functional indicator of the eye treatment cassette.
FIG. 8 is a plan view showing the coupling components of a console configured to receive multiple types of eye treatment cassettes.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention generally provides improved devices, systems, and methods for treating an eye of a patient.
In one embodiment of the present invention, a fluid aspiration system includes a console on which multiple types of interchangeable fluidic cassettes can be mounted. Each type of cassette may include components for enabling one or both of displacement-based and vacuum-based aspiration. The cassette may be included in a surgical fluid network, and mounting of the cassette to the console allows various network elements of the cassette to interface with corresponding components of the console. The fluid network of the cassette may include resiliently deformable tubing, a pressure sensor, a holding tank or chamber, and the like. The components of the fluid network may change depending on whether the cassette enables displacement-based or vacuum-based aspiration, or both. For example, in order to enable displacement-based aspiration, a cassette body may constrain a segment of the tubing in an arcuate configuration, so that when the cassette is mounted to the console a peristaltic drive rotor of the console engages the arc segment of the tubing. This allows positive displacement pumping of aspiration fluid from the eye, through the probe, and into a waste receptacle. When vacuum-based aspiration is needed, the fluid network of the cassette may include a vacuum chamber drawing on a vacuum source within the console.
Referring to FIG. 1, a system 10 for treating an eye E of a patient P generally includes an eye treatment probe handpiece 12 coupled to a console 14 by a cassette 16 mounted on the console. Handpiece 12 may include a handle for manually manipulating and supporting an insertable probe tip. The probe tip has a distal end which is insertable into the eye, with one or more lumens in the probe tip allowing irrigation fluid to flow from the console 14 and/or cassette 16 into the eye. Aspiration fluid may also be withdrawn through a lumen of the probe tip, with the console 14 and cassette 16 generally including a vacuum aspiration source, a positive displacement aspiration pump, or both to help withdraw and control a flow of surgical fluids into and out of eye E. As the surgical fluids may include biological materials that should not be transferred between patients, cassette 16 will often comprise a disposable (or alternatively, sterilizable) structure, with the surgical fluids being transmitted through flexible conduits 18 of the cassette that avoid direct contact in between those fluids and the components of console 14.
When a distal end of the probe tip of handpiece 12 is inserted into an eye E, for example, for removal of a lens of a patient with cataracts, an electrical conductor and/or pneumatic line (not shown) may supply energy from console 14 to an ultrasound transmitter of the handpiece, a cutter mechanism, or the like. Alternatively, the handpiece 12 may be configured as an I/A or vitrectomy handpiece. Also, the ultrasonic transmitter may be replaced by other means for emulsifying a lens, such as a high energy laser beam. The ultrasound energy from handpiece 12 helps to fragment the tissue of the lens, which can then be drawn into a port of the tip by aspiration flow. So as to balance the volume of material removed by the aspiration flow, an irrigation flow through handpiece 12 (or a separate probe structure) may also be provided, with both the aspiration and irrigations flows being controlled by console 14.
So as to avoid cross-contamination between patients without incurring excessive expenditures for each procedure, cassette 16 and its flexible conduit 18 may be disposable. Alternatively, the flexible conduit or tubing may be disposable, with the cassette body and/or other structures of the cassette being sterilizable. Regardless, the disposable components of the cassette are typically configured for use with a single patient, and may not be suitable for sterilization. The cassette will interface with reusable (and often quite expensive) components of console 14, including peristaltic pump rollers, a Venturi or other vacuum source, a controller 40, and the like.
Controller 40 may include an embedded microcontroller and/or many of the components common to a personal computer, such as a processor, data bus, a memory, input and/or output devices (including a touch screen user interface 42), and the like. Controller 40 will often include both hardware and software, with the software typically comprising machine readable code or programming instructions for implementing one, some, or all of the methods described herein. The code may be embodied by a tangible media such as a memory, a magnetic recording media, an optical recording media, or the like. Controller 40 may have (or be coupled to) a recording media reader, or the code may be transmitted to controller 40 by a network connection such as an internet, an intranet, an EthernetTM, a wireless network, or the like. Along with programming code, controller 40 may include stored data for implementing the methods described herein, and may generate and/or store data that records perimeters with corresponding to the treatment of one or more patients. Many components of console 14 may be found in or modified from known commercial phacoemulsification systems from Advanced Medical Optics Inc. of Santa Ana, Calif.; Alcon Manufacturing, Ltd. of Ft. Worth, Tex., Bausch and Lomb of Rochester, N.Y., and other suppliers.
Referring now to FIGS. 1 and 2, components of the aspiration and irrigation fluid flow networks of system 10 are described in more detail with respect to a dual mode cassette 16A that enables both displacement-based and vacuum-based aspiration modes. FIG. 2 generally highlights the surgical aspiration and irrigation fluid control elements included within the cassette 16A, with the irrigation components often being relatively straightforward. An irrigation source 46 of the console optionally provides irrigation fluid pressure control by relying at least in part on a gravity pressure head that varies with a height of an irrigation fluid bag or the like. An irrigation on/off pinch valve 48 may generally include a short segment of a flexible conduit of cassette 16A, which can be engaged and actuated by an actuator of the console 14, with a surface of the cassette body often being disposed opposite the actuator to facilitate closure of the conduit lumen. Alternative irrigation flow systems may include positive displacement pumps, alternative fluid pressurization drive systems, fluid pressure or flow modulating valves, and/or the like. In certain embodiments, irrigation fluid is alternatively or additionally provided to a separate hand piece (not shown).
The aspiration flow network 50 generally provides an aspiration flow path 52 that can couple an aspiration port in the tip of handpiece 12 to either a peristaltic pump 54 and/or a holding tank 56. Fluid and other matter aspirated through the handpiece 12 may be contained in holding tank 56 regardless of whether the aspiration flow is induced by peristaltic pump 54 or the vacuum applied to the holding tank 56. When valve 58 is closed and peristaltic pump 54 is in operation, pumping of the aspiration flow is generally directed by the peristaltic pump 54, independent of the pressure in the holding tank 56. Conversely, when peristaltic pump 54 is off, flow through the peristaltic pump may be halted by pinching of the elastomeric tubing arc of the peristaltic pump by one or more of the individual rollers of the peristaltic pump rotor. Hence, any aspiration fluid drawn into the aspiration network when peristaltic pump 54 is off will typically involve the opening of a selector control valve 58 so that the aspiration port of the probe is in fluid communication with the holding tank. Alternatively, communication with the vacuum source 44 may be accomplished by disengaging the peristaltic probe drive from the elastomeric tubing. The pressure within tank 56 may be maintained at a controlled vacuum level, often at a fixed vacuum level, by a vacuum system 44 of the console. The vacuum system 44 may comprise a Venturi pump, a rotary vane pump, a vacuum source, or the like. Aspiration fluid that drains into holding tank 56 may be removed by a peristaltic drain pump 60 and directed to a disposal fluid collection bag 62. Vacuum pressure at the surgical handpiece may be maintained within a desired range through control of the fluid level in the holding tank.
In more detail, the operation of aspiration flow network 50 can be understood by first considering the flow when valve 58 is closed. In this mode, peristaltic pump 54 draws fluid directly from handpiece 12, with a positive displacement peristaltic pump flow rate being controlled by the system controller 40 (see FIG. 1). To determine the appropriate flow rate, the level of vacuum within the aspiration flow network may be identified in part with reference to a vacuum sensor 64 disposed along the aspiration flow network 50 between peristaltic pump 54 and handpiece 12. This allows the system to detect and adjust for temporary occlusions of the handpiece and the like. While the aspiration material flows through holding tank 56 and eventually into collection bag 62, the holding tank pressure may have little or no effect on the flow rate in this mode.
When peristaltic pump 54 is not in operation, rotation of the peristaltic pump is inhibited and the rotors of the peristaltic pump pinch the arcuate resilient tubing of the probe so as to block aspiration flow. Fluid and other material may then be drawn into the aspiration port of handpiece 12 by opening selector valve 58 and operating or engaging the vacuum system 44. When valve 58 is open, the aspiration port draws fluid therein based on the pressure differential between holding tank 56 and the chamber of the eye in which the fluid port is disposed, with the pressure differential being reduced by the total pressure loss of the aspiration flow along the aspiration path between the tank and port. Hence, aspiration network 50 of the dual mode cassette 16A allows system 10 to operate in either peristaltic or vacuum-based pumping modes.
When only displacement-based pumping will be used for a particular procedure, an alternative cassette may be employed in the console 14, with the alternative cassette lacking a holding tank 56, selector valve 58, and the like. Referring now to FIGS. 1 and 3, components of a single mode cassette 16B are described, the single mode cassette enabling only the displacement-based aspiration mode. Within the single mode cassette, peristaltic pump 54 draws fluid directly from handpiece 12, with a positive displacement peristaltic pump flow rate being controlled by the system controller 40 (see FIG. 1). To determine the appropriate flow rate, the level of vacuum within the aspiration flow network may be identified in part with reference to the vacuum sensor 64 disposed along the aspiration flow network 50 between peristaltic pump 54 and handpiece 12. The aspiration material generally flows directly into collection bag 62. Alternatively, a single mode cassette may also be provided that only enables vacuum-based aspiration.
As a dual mode cassette may be somewhat more complex, a single mode cassette may be both simpler and less expensive. Therefore, the present invention may avoid complexity and provide cost savings by enabling the use of a less expensive single mode cassette in the same console 14 during those procedures requiring only a single aspiration mode.
In one embodiment of the present invention, fluid networks specialized for each different type of cassette (e.g., single mode or dual mode) can be interchangeably mounted within a common cassette frame. With reference to FIGS. 4 and 5, a single mode fluid network 402 (displacement mode only) and a dual mode fluid network 502 are both mountable on a common cassette frame 400. The common cassette frame 400 includes channels and receptacles for receiving and securing the fluid networks' tubing, valves, tanks, etc. The cassette frame 400 and the fluid networks are cooperatively designed such that the cassette frame 400 is capable of receiving multiple, differently configured fluid networks. By utilizing a common frame for multiple types of cassettes, the embodiments of the present invention may eliminate or reduce the excess production and inventory costs related to having multiple types of cassettes. The common frame 400 also makes it easier for the console 14 to accept multiple types of cassettes, whereby at least the physical dimensions of the cassette frame 400 remain the same amongst different types of cassettes.
Advantageously, the console 14 is configured to receive various types of cassettes. To this end, the console 14 and the cassette may communicate to establish the functionality of the mounted cassette (i.e., the modes of aspiration enabled by the cassette). In one approach, a cassette may include a functional indicator that is detected by the console and which identifies the available functionalities of the installed cassette. For example, with reference to FIG. 5, fluid network 502 for a dual mode cassette includes the holding tank 56. Holding tank 56 may include a connecting stem 504, which connects the holding tank with a vacuum pump (not shown) located in the surgical console on which the cassette is mounted. With reference to FIG. 7, engagement of the connecting stem 504 with a sealing nipple 702 of the surgical console 700 may actuate a microswitch 704 and indicate to the console that a vacuum-enabled cassette has been installed. In response, the console 700 may activate its vacuum pump and other necessary mechanism in preparation for vacuum-based aspiration. Conversely, if the microswitch is not triggered (because no holding tank is installed in the cassette), the console will be informed that no vacuum-based aspiration is available with the mounted cassette. Therefore, utilizing a functional indicator, the surgical console 14 is informed upon mounting of the cassette that vacuum-based aspiration is available with the mounted cassette. In an embodiment where only two different cassettes are available (e.g., a displacement mode cassette and a dual mode cassette with vacuum aspiration), the console may confirm by presence of the holding tank which of the two types of cassettes has been mounted on the console. As seen in FIG. 5, the tank 56 may be separably coupled holding tank.
It should be understood that the foregoing is but one illustrative method of communication between the console and the cassette to establish functionality of the installed cassette. Alternative methods and structures may also be used. For example, a nonmechanical method may be used where the cassette is labeled with a bar code containing functional information that is automatically scanned by the console. Regardless of the specific method used, the console and cassette may be configured to communicate to establish the functionalities available with the installed cassette, and the console prepares itself accordingly.
The exemplary cassette may possess a visual indicator of its functionality (e.g., the aspiration modes enabled by the cassette). For example, with reference to FIG. 6, cassette frame 400 may include a window 404 through which the holding tank 56 of a dual mode fluid network may be seen. Therefore, if at least a portion of a holding tank is visible through window 402, a system operator will be informed that vacuum-based aspiration is available with the mounted cassette. Alternatively, a clear cassette body may be used through which the presence of the tank may be seen. In an embodiment where only two different cassettes are available (e.g., a displacement mode cassette and a dual mode cassette with vacuum aspiration), an operator may also visually confirm which of the two types of cassettes has been mounted on the console. Other visual indicia, such as alphanumeric codes or color-coded patches, may also be used to indicate the functionality of the cassette. In some embodiments, a clear cassette may be provided through which the presence of a holding tank may be visually confirmed and indicate the functionality of the cassette. In some embodiments, the system operator may configure the console 14 or enable certain features according to visual information obtained regarding the type of cassette being used.
FIG. 8 illustrates a surgical console of the present invention which interchangeably receives multiple types of fluidic cassettes that enable one or both of displacement-based and vacuum-based aspiration modes. Engagement between the cassette and the cassette receptacle of console 14 can be understood with reference to FIGS. 2, 3, and 8. In particular, aspiration drive rotor 54b rotates about axis 102 and drives peristaltic pump 54 in either cassette 16A or 16B. Pressure receiver 64b and valve actuator 48b respectively couple with vacuum sensor 64 and irrigation valve 48 mounted in either type of cassette. When dual mode cassette 16A is mounted on the console, drain drive rotor 60b rotates about axis 102 to drive peristaltic drain pump 60 in the cassette. Valve actuator 58b is coupled with switching valve 58 of cassette 16A. Vacuum coupler 72b couples with holding tank 56 of cassette 16A. And, as previously described with respect to FIGS. 5 and 7, connecting stem 504 of holding tank 56 actuates a microswitch 704 within coupler 72b and indicates to the console that vacuum aspiration is available with the mounted cassette. It should be understood that the console may use other methods to actively detect or passively receive information from the mounted cassette regarding its functionality.
While the exemplary embodiments have been described in some detail for clarity of understanding and by way of example, a variety of changes, modifications, and adaptations will be obvious to those of skill in the art. Hence, the scope of the present invention is limited solely by the appended claims.

## Claims

1. An eye treatment system comprising:
an eye treatment probe;
a console having a cassette receptacle that receives a cassette, and
multiple types of cassettes configured to couple the console with the probe, each type of cassette configured for engagement with the cassette receptacle, wherein a first type of cassette enables only displacement-based aspiration and a second type of cassette enables both displacement-based aspiration and vacuum-based aspiration.

2. The eye treatment system of claim 1, wherein each console and the received cassette communicate to establish a functionality of the cassette.

3. The eye treatment system of claim 2, wherein the console detects a functional indicator of each received cassette.

4. The eye treatment system of claim 3, wherein the functional indicator comprises a holding tank connecting stem that actuates a microswitch or an optical switch within the console.

5. The eye treatment system of claim 1, wherein the multiple types of cassettes utilize a common cassette frame.

6. The eye treatment system of claim 1, wherein each type of cassette comprises a visual indicator.

7. The eye treatment system of claim 6, wherein the visual indicator comprises a holding tank visible through a window of the cassette.

8. The eye treatment system of claim 1, wherein the console comprises a peristaltic pump, said displacement-based aspiration comprising aspiration induced by the peristaltic pump.

9. The eye treatment system of claim 1, wherein the console comprises a Venturi pump, said vacuum-based aspiration comprising aspiration induced by the Venturi pump.

10. A surgical console configured to receive multiple types of eye treatment cassettes, comprising:
a cassette receptacle for receiving a cassette, the receptacle configured to interchangeably receive multiple types of eye treatment cassettes, wherein the console operates with a first type of cassette to enable only displacement-based aspiration and with a second type of cassette to enable both displacement-based aspiration and vacuum-based aspiration; and
a controller for controlling both displacement-based aspiration and vacuum-based aspiration.

11. The surgical console of claim 10, further comprising a detector for ascertaining a functionality of each received cassette.

12. The surgical console of claim 11, wherein the detector comprises a microswitch.

13. A method for using a surgical console with multiple types of eye treatment cassettes, comprising:
interchangeably receiving the multiple types of eye treatment cassettes in a cassette receptacle of the console;
enabling only displacement-based aspiration when a first type of cassette is received and enabling both displacement-based aspiration and vacuum-based aspiration when a second type of cassette is received; and
controlling both the displacement-based aspiration and the vacuum-based aspiration.

14. The method of claim 13, further comprising detecting a functionality of each received cassette.

15. Eye treatment cassettes of multiple types configured to interchangeably couple with the same surgical console, wherein a first type of cassette enables only displacement-based aspiration when coupled with the console and a second type of cassette enables both displacement-based aspiration and vacuum-based aspiration when coupled with the console.

16. The cassettes of claim 15, wherein each type of cassette comprises a common functional indicator that communicates with the console to indicate a function of the type of cassette.

17. The cassettes of claim 15, wherein the multiple types of cassettes all utilize a common cassette frame.

18. The cassettes of claim 15, wherein each type of cassette comprises a common visual indicator that indicates the type of cassette.

19. The cassettes of claim 15, wherein the second type of cassette comprises a separably coupled holding tank.

20. The cassettes of claim 19 wherein the holding tank communicates to the console that vacuum-based aspiration is available when the second type of cassette is coupled with the console.