Data from the

NATIONAL HEALTH SURVEY

Hearing Sensitivity

and Related Medical

Series 11

Number 154

Findings

Among Youths 12-17 Years

United States

The prevalence of ear, nose, and throat abnormalities and the

relation of these as well as events in the medical history to hearing

sensitivity of youths 12-17 years, by age, sex, race, geographic

region, size of place of residence, family income, and education of

parent.

DHEW Publication No. (HRA) 76-1636

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE

Public Health Service

Health Resources Administration

National Center for Health Statistics

Rockville, Md. November 1975
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data

Roberts, Jean.

Hearing sensitivity and related medical findings among youths 12-17 years, United

States.

(Vital and health statistics: series 11, data from the National Health Survey; no. 154)

(DHEW publication no. (HRA) 76-1636)

Bibliography: p.

Supt. of Dots. no.: HE 20.6209:11/154

1. Hearing levels–United States–Statistics. 2. Hearing disorders-United States–

Statistics. 3. Youth–Diseases–United States–Statistics. I. Ahuja, Elizabeth, joint author. II.

Title. III. Series: United States. National Center for Health Statistics. Vital and health

statistics: Series 11, data from the National Health Survey, data from the health

examination survey; no. 154. IV. Series: United States. Dept. of Health, Education, and

Welfare. DHEW publication; no. (HRA) 76-1636.

IL4407.3.A347 no. 154 [RF122.5.Y6] 312’.0973s 75-619079

ISBN 0-8406-0043-7 [362.1’9’780973]

For sale by the Superintendent of Docnments, U.S. Government Prfntiig Office, WAfngton, D.C. 20402- Price $1.!40
NATIONAL CENTER FOR HEALTH STATISTICS

HAROLD MARGULIES, M.D., Acting Director

ROBERT A. ISRAEL, Acting Deputy Director

GAIL F. FISHER, Associate Director for the Cooperative Health Statistics System

ELIJAH L. WHITE, Associate Director for Data Systems

EDWARD E. MINTY, Associate Director for Management

PETER L. HURLEY, Acting Associate Director for Operations

JAMES M. ROBEY, Ph.D., Associate Director for Proflam Development

ALICE HAYWOOD, Information Officer

DIVISION OF HEALTH EXAMINATION STATISTICS

ARTHUR J. MCDOWELL, Director

JEAN-PIERRE HABICHT, M. D., Ph. D., .Specia/Assistant to Director

PETER V. V. HAMILL, M. D., Medical Adviser

JEAN ROBERTS, ChieJ Medical Statistics Branch

ROBERT S. MURPHY, Chief Survey P.?amzingand Development Branch

coopmATioN OF THE EiuREAu OF THE CENSUS

In accordance with specifications established by the National Health

Survey, the Bureau of the Census, under a contractual agreement, participated in the design and selection of the sample, and carried out the first stage

of the field interviewing and certain parts of the statistical processing.

Vital and Health Statistics-Series 1l-No. 154

DHEW Publication No. (HRA) 76-1636

Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 75-619079
CONTENTS

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .:. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Data Sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Medical Histories.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ear,Nose,andThroatExamination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

HearingTests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Findings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

MedicalHistory–Parent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

HealthHistory–Youth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Examination. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . -

Relation ofMedical History and Examination Findings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Relationship of Hearing Sensitivity, Medical History, and Examination Findings . .

Findings From the Subgroup of Youths Examined in Both the1963-65 andl966-7O

Health Examination Surveys.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Listof Detailed Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Appendix I. Statistical Notes.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Survey Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Reliability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Sampling and Measurement Error. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Small Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Appendix II. Demographic and Socioeconomic Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Appendix 111.History and Recording Forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

A. hiedical History of Youth–Parent’s Questionnaire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

B. Health Habits and History-Youth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

C. Recording Form for ENT Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . .

Appendix IV. Standards for Reference (Audiometric) Zero . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1

2

2

2

3

4

4

9

10

18

19

21

22

23

25

101

101

102

104

104

105

107

107

109

111

111
SYMBOLS

Data not available --------------------------------------- ---

Category not applicable ------------------------------ . . .

Quantity zero --------------------------------------------- -

Quantity more than Obut less than 0,05---- 0.0
HEARING SENSITIVITY

AND RELATED MEDICAL FINDINGS

AMONG YOUTHS 12-17 YEARS

Jean Roberts and Elizabeth M. Ahuja,

INTRODUCTION

This report contains estimates of the prevalence of ear, nose, and throat abnormalities

amonS noninstitutionaIized youths 12-17 years

in the United States, based on findings from the

Health Examination Survey of 1966-70. Included also is an analysis of the relationship of

these conditions to the present status of hearing

sensitivity and events in the youths’ medical

histories given by the youths and the parents.

Findings by age, sex, race, geographic region,

size of place of residence, family income, and

education of parent are included.

The Health Examination Survey is one of the

major programs of the NationaI Center for

Health Statistics authorized under the National

Hwdth Survey Act of 1956 by the 84th Congress

;{s a continuing Public Health Service activity for

the determination of the health status of the

population.1

The principal health survey programs of the

National Center for Health Statistics include the

I-Iealth Examination, Health Interview, Health

M;mpower and Facilities, and Health Resources

Utilization Surveys. The Health Interview SurvcIy, which collects health information from

samples of people by household interview, focuses primarily on the impact of known illness

;md disability on the lives of people. The Health

Manpower and Facilities program collects information through surveys of inpatient and outpatient health facilities and the entire range of

personnel in the health occupations. The Health

Rwourccs Utilization surveys obtain data on the

Division of Health Examination Statistics

extent of health facility and service utilization.

The Health Examination Survey, from which the

data in this report are derived, collects data

through direct physical examinations, tests, and

measurements performed on scientifically selected nationwide probability sampIes of the

population. This program, in addition to providing the most efficient way of obtaining actual

diagnostic data on the prevalence of medicaIly

defined illnesses, is the only program of the

Center that secures information on unrecognized

or undiagnosed conditions and on a variety of

physical, physiological, and psychological measures needed to assess deviations from normal in

disease and other conditions within the population. In conjunction with the direct physical

examination, medical history, demographic and

socioeconomic data are also colIected on the

sample population.

The Health Examination Survey is carried out

as a series of separate programs called “cycles.”

Each cycle is limited to certain aspects of health

within segments of the U.S. population. The

first cycle, conducted in 1960-62, was designed

primarily to provide data on the prevalence of

certain chronic diseases and on the distribution

of various physical and physiological measures in

a defined adult population.z )3

The target population for the second cycle,

conducted in 1963-65, was the noninstitutionalized children 6-11 years of age in the United

States. This cycle focused primarily on health

factors related to growth and development.4 ZS

The third cycle, on which findings in this

report are based, was similar in design to the

1
preceding children’s program. In it data were

obtained on the health status of the youth

population, with particular concentration on

factors and conditions related to their growth

and development. For this program a probability

sample of the noninstitutionalized youths 12-17

years in the United States was selected and

examined. The questionnaires and examination

content and procedures were similar to those

used in the children’s program, thus providing

comparable information for the entire continuum of childhood through adolescence. In

addition, supplemental data specially related to

adolescent health were collected. Included were

standardized examinations given by the survey

pediatrician assisted by a nurse and those given

by the survey dentist. Tests by a psychologist

and a variety of tests and measures by laboratory X-ray technicians were also administered.

The survey plan, sample design, examination

content, and operation of this survey program

have been described in a previous report.G

Field collection operations for the youths’

cycle were begun in March 1966 and were

completed in March 1970. Of the 7,514 youths

selected in the national probability y sample,

6,768 (90 percent) were examined. Thh national

sample is representative and the examined group

is closely representative of the 22.7 million

civilian noninstitutionalized youths 12-17 years

in the United States with respect to age, sex,

race, region, population size of place of residence, and rate of change in size of place of

residence from 1950 to 1960.

As in the preceding survey among children,

members of the Subcommittee on Hearing in

Children of the Committee on Conservation of

Hearing of the American Academy of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology–Dr. Raymond E.

Jordan, Chairman; Dr. Eldon L. Eagles, Executive Director; and others—were advisors to the

Health Examination Survey in the related ear,

nose, and throat (ENT) portions of the examination. Dr. Leo Doerfler from the University of

Pittsburgh was responsible for training the technicians in the testing of hearing, and Mr.

Kenneth Stewart, also from the University of

Pittsburgh, was responsible for the instrument

calibration and environmental control aspects.

An earlier publication from the audiometric

testing part of the survey examination included

findings on hearing sensitivity of youths by age,

sex, and demographic and socioeconomic characteristics.7 - -

Statistical notes on the survey design, reliability of the data, and sampling and measurement

errors are shown in appendix 1. Definitions of

the demographic and socioeconomic factors

included in this report are contained in appendix

II.

DATA SOURCES

Medical Histories

At the time of the initial visit to the sample

household, a U.S. Bureau of the Census interviewer left a self-administered Medical History

of Youth form for each eligible youth to be

completed by the parent. Seven of the questions

on the form were directly related to hearing or

conditions of the ear (appendix III). About one

week later, the completed history was picked up

by the Health Examination Survey representative who reviewed it and assisted the parent in

answering incomplete or inconsistent items. At

that time the interviewer left a Health Habits

and History form for the youth to complete and

return prior to his scheduled arrival for the

examination. This form contained four questions directly related to hearing or conditions of

the ear (appendix III).

The Medical History of Youth and the Health

Habits and History forms were reviewed by the

survey pediatrician on the day prior to the

scheduled examination. He paid special attention to any entries suggesting a limitation in the

youth’s ability to perform any of the tests or

procedures and to items which might require

further followup in the course of the examination.

Earr Nose, and Throat Examination

Each youth was given a comprehensive examination of the ear, nose, and throat (ENT) during

the physical examination. The examining physicians were either senior residents or fellows in

pediatrics from selected medical centers, medical

schools, or hospitals and were generally employed only for a single sample area. In his

review on the day prior to the examination of

the youth’s medical history given by his parent

2
and the health history which the youth had

completed, the physician made sure that he was

aware of any specific reported disturbance of

the ear, nose, and throat that the examinee may

have or have had.

For the ENT examination, the pediatrician

used a Welch-Allyn pneumatic otoscope in addition to a Siegle’s otoscope and head light. The

examination included an inspection of the external ears, auditory canals, tympanic membranes,

anterior nasal cavity, and oral pharynx, as

indicated in appendix III.

Inspection of the external ears focused on

congenital or acquired defects and the presence

of scars, adenopathy, or fistulae of the pinna.

The external auditory canals were examined

for polyps, exostoses, foreign bodies, and inflammation; the tympanic membranes, for

mobility, dullness, abnormal transparency, opacity, scars, perforations, and exudates. No attempt was made to remove the cerumen or

cellular debris when the youth’s ears were

partially or completely blocked. Where this

occurred, the physician indicated which canal

was occluded and identified the material or the

rmscm for the blockage.

Mobility of the tympanic membrane or drum

was tested with the pneumatic otoscope.

The nose was examined by speculum and the

findings, including the presence of turbinate

hypertrophy, polyps, septal deviation, foreign

bodies, or obstruction by swollen tissue or

exudate, were recorded. No attempt was made

in this or other parts of the ENT examination to

delineate whether tissue swelling or exudates

were due to an allergic reaction or another

cause. The subtle clinical judgment necessary for

the recognition of the former was not possible in

the survey because of time limitations and the

brief specialized training that could be provided

the medical examiners.

The oral pharynx was inspected for the

presence of cleft palate (repaired or unrepaired),

hypertrophic Iymphoid tissue on the posterior

pharyngeal wall, and postnasal mucopurulent

discharge. An evaluation of the adenoid tissue in

the rmsopharynx and of the eustachian tubes

was omitted because of the time and additional

expertise required to perform these more difficult evaluations.

The presence or absence of tonsils was recorded, and if present they were graded according to size as follows: Grade I—tonsils present

within tonsillar pillars; Grade II–present, with

tissue extending beyond the boundaries of the

tonsillar pillars but not meeting in the midline;

Grade III–tonsils greatly enlarged and meeting

in the midline.

To insure skillful examinations by the staff

physician and standardization of observations

among the many different physicians employed

during the course of the survey, two specific

training methods were employed. Prior to reporting to the field, each examining physician,

under the supervision of an otolaryngologist,

received training in the specific examination of

the ear, nose, and throat used in this survey.

These training sessions included a review of the

regional anatomy, refinement of the individual

physician’s examining skills, and training in the

technique of pneumatic otoscopy. In addition,

during the first several days of examinations at a

Iocation where a new staff physician was in

attendance, senior medical advisors of the

Health Examination Survey were present to

review examination procedures, to perform replicate examinations, and to reduce to a minimum interobserver variation in grading and

reporting.

Hearing Tests

As in the preceding survey among children,

hearing threshold levels for each youth were

determined monaurally and individually by

trained technicians in an acoustically treated

room within a specially constructed trailer in the

mobile examining center. The standard puretone air-conduction audiometers used for testing

at eight frequencies—250, 500, 1000, 2000,

3000, 4000, 6000, and 8000 Hertz (Hz–cycles

per second) –were modified by the insertion of a

30-decibel (dB) attenuator. This was done to

allow testing to as low as 40 decibels (dB) below

audiometric zero (American Standard Association (ASA), 1951) in a stable part of the range

of the instrument.7 ‘g During the latter part of

the survey, as the older audiometers became

more difficult to maintain in calibration, they

were replaced with new standard audiometers

calibrated to, and in accordance with, the

American National Standards Institute (ANSI),

1969, specifications which incorporated the

standards set in 1964 by the International

3
Organization for Standardization (ISO).10 !11

The audiometers used for 82 percent of the

hearing tests among youths were calibrated and

maintained in accordance with the ASA-1951

specifications; the remaining 18 percent of the

instruments used were calibrated and maintained

in accordance with the ANSI-1969 specifications.

Testing was done by technicians specially

trained in the use of a modified Hughson-Westlake method in which the tone was first presented at 60-dB intensity, decreased by 10-dB

steps until no response was obtained, then

increased 5 dB and dropped 10 dB until the

lowest intensity was reached (threshold) at

which responses were obtained in two out of

three or three out of five ascending trials.

Performance of the room in attenuating external noise was determined by acoustical surveys

conducted periodically under normal test conditions throughout the cycle. These survey findings and further analysis of the test data show

no real evidence of masking from external noise

throughout the test range. Quality of the test

results were further controlled by daily and

weekly field checks and approximate monthly

calibration of the audiometers in the Acoustics

Laboratory of the University of Pittsburgh.

For analytic purposes the two sets of measurements–the 82 percent from the ASA-1951

instruments and the 18 percent from the

ANSI-1 969 (1S0-1 964) instruments–were converted to each standard for each examinee using

the appropriate values shown in appendix IV.

The hearing level findings for all youths in this

report are shown in terms of ANSI-1969 values

or units. Hearing levels for the subgroup of

individuals who were examined in both Cycles H

and III are given in ASA-1951 units. The effect

of these conversions have been described in a

previous report.7

FINDINGS

Medical History–Parent

Included in the self-administered medical history completed by the parent for each examined

youth were seven questions directly related to

functional hearing and events which might prot

duce or be indicative of abnormal conditions of

the ears. These were events considered possibly

predictive of eventual hearing impairment.

Trouble hearing.–In response to the question

“Does he or she have any difficulty hearing?,”

nearly 1 youth in 28 (3.7 percent, or an

estimated 0.8 million youths age 12-17 years)

was considered by his or her parent to have such

a problem (table 1). This is substantially higher

than the 1.3 percent of youths identified as

having a hearing handicap on the basis of

air-conduction audiometric test results—those

with hearing thresholds of 26 dB or more above

“normal” (ANSI-1 969 audiometric zero) in the

500-2000-Hz range generally considered most

essential for speech.7 No age-related pattern of

increasing or decreasing prevalence of this problem, as reported by parents, was evident.

Boys and girls, without regard to age, were

equally likely to be reported by their parents as

having trouble hearing. However, the prevalence

rates were slightly higher among boys than girls

at ages 12, 13, and 17 years, while at ages 14-16

years, girls were more likely to have this

problem (figure 1). None of these differences

were large enough to be considered statistically

significant. It should be kept in mind that the

parent’s answer to this question may reflect the

attentiveness of the youth in addition to any

real hearing impairment.

Trouble hearing was significantly more frequently reported for Negro than for white

youths–4.7 and 3.5 percent, respectively (table

2 and figure 2). This is consistent with the

previously reported findings that hearing sensitivity among white youths was significantly

better than among Negro youths in this country.7 The higher prevalence of trouble hearing

for Negro than for white youths was found

among both boys and girls and at ages 12-16

years. The slight reversal in this pattern evident

at age 17 that is not consistent with hearing test

results may be a reflection of sampling variability or the difference in the two types of

measurements or estimates.

Youths in the South were more frequently

reported by their parents as having trouble

hearing than those in the other three regions of

the country (table 3 and figure 3). The prevalence rate was significantly higher in the South

(5.6 percent) than in the Northeast (2.4 pcn--

4
10

(n

zma

g

g5

a

u

:

$

0

ii 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

AGE IN YEARS

— Boys

--- Girls

,P .

.--x ‘.

~-- \ /

-. \

/’ //

,/”\ /

\\ /’ /

\

/

~._- --

\ /’ \

\

/’” \, / ‘L_J

N“/

Figurel. Prevalence rates of parent-reported history of troubla hearing among txsysandgirls 6-11 years (1963-65) and 12-17 years

(1966-70 ), byaga: United States.

30

t

❑ white

IN Negro

EARACHE RUNNING EARS TROUBLE

HEARING

Figure2. Prevalence rates of parent-reported history of earache,

running ears, and trouble hearing among white and Negro

youths 12-17 years: United States, 1966-70.

cent), the Midwest (3.2 percent), and the West

(3.5 percent). This regional pattern is present

among both boys and girls and within four of

the six age groups–12, 13, 15, and 17 years.

This is generally consistent with findings from

the actual audiometric test results for U.S.

youths.T The minor exceptions to this regional

pattern at 14 and 16 years in the reported

history of hearing trouble are not present in the

audiometric findings and again probably reflect

either sampling variability or inherent differences in the two types of measurements.

According to their parents, youths in rural

areas were more likely to have trouble hearing

than those in urban communities. The differences in the rates, however, were not large

enough to be statistically significant and were

found only among girls. This slightly higher rate

among rural youths was also present only among

the youngest and oldest ages–1 2, 13, 16, and 17

years (table 4).

The prevalence of trouble hearing was highest

among youths in families with annual incomes

of less than $3,000. This rate (6.7 percent) was

significantly greater than that for youths in each

higher income group. The prevalence of this

condition generally declined with increase in

annual family income. The lowest rate (1.4

percent) was among youths in families with

annual incomes of $15,000 or more, a value

significantly lower than that for those in income

groups below $10,000 (table 5). This negative

association of trouble hearing with income is

consistent with that for the actual hearing

thresholds obtained by air-conduction audio5
Q Boys

NORTHEAST MIDWEST SOUTH

REGION

WEST

Figure 3. Prevalence rates of parent-reported history of trouble

hearing among youths 12-17 years, by region: United States,

1966-70.

metric testing.7 In each region, trouble hearing

was less prevalent among youths in families with

annual incomes of $10,000 or more than among

those in families with lower annual incomes

(figure 4).

A similar association to that shown above

with income was found between reported

trouble hearing and education of the parent

(usually the father), as expected with the strong

association existing between those socioeconomic variables (r = +0.57). Trouble hearing

tended to be more prevalent among youths

whose parents had the l:ast education (table 6).

The rate decreased from 7.2 percent among

those whose parents

formal education to

whose parents had

6

had less than 5 years o~

2.9 percent among those

12 years or more. This

—

Less than $5,0~”

❑ Northeast ❑ SoutlI

❑ Midwest ❑ West

$5,000.$9,999

ANNUAL FAMILY INCOME

$10,000 or more

Figure 4. Prevalence rates of parent-reported history of trouble

hearing among youths 12-17 years, by region and annual

family income: United States, 1966-70.

finding is consistent with those from the audiometric test results.7 The pattern was generally

consistent across age and sex, but the differences

were not always large enough to be considered

statistically significant.

The prevalence of trouble hearing as reported

by the parents among U.S. youths 12-17 years

(3.7 percent) in the present study is only slightly

lower than that among U.S. children 6-11 years

(4.2 percent) from the 1963-65 survey.1 z In

general, the patterns of relationship of the

prevalence of this condition to the various

demographic and socioeconomic variables is

similar among children and youths.1 3
Earaches. –To the question “In the past year

has he or she had an earache?,” more than 1

youth in 7 (15.1 percent, or an estimated 3.4

million youths) was reported by his or her

parent to have had this condition, indicative of

middle-ear infection (table 1). Earaches were

substantially more prevaIent among girls than

boys (18.6 percent compared with 11.7 percent)

but showed no definite age-related trend (figure

5).

White youths were more likely than Negro

youths to have had an earache in the preceding

year (15.3 percent compared with 13.8 percent),

as shown in figure 2, although the difference is

not large enough to be statistically significant at

the 5-percent probability level. Among both

white and Negro youths, girls were more frequently reported to have had such a condition

than boys, but the sex differences were statistically significant only among the white population (table 2).

By region, the prevalence of reported earaches

in the preceding year ranged from a high of 16.9

percent among youths in the South to a low of

13.2 percent in the Northeast, with intermediate

rates of 14.6 percent in the Midwest and 15.6

percent in the West (table 3). These regional

differences are generally present across the age

range in the study, but are small enough to be

attributable to sampling variability alone. In

each of the four regions the rates are about 50

percent higher among girls than boys.

Youths in rural areas were more frequently

reported to have a history of earaches (15.8

percent) than were those in urban communities

(14.7 percent), though the differences in the

rates are negligible (table 4).

Earaches were reported most frequently

among youths in families with annual incomes

of less than $3,000 (18.9 percent), and least

often among those in families in the higher

income brackets of $10,000 or more annual

income (13.4and 11.8percent). This pattern

was found among both boys and girls.

With increasing educational level of the

youths’ parents, the prevalence of this condition

among youths also decreased from 18.3 percent

among those whose parents had less than 5 years

of formal schooling to 14.0 percent among those

whose parents had some college education, but

the differences are small enough to be due to

sampling variability alone and are not consistent

across age or sex (table 6).

The prevalence of earaches in the preceding

year among U.S. youths 12-17 years (15.1

percent) is substantially lower than that from

40

t

— soys

—-— Girls

30 -

~

~

N

cc

k“ . ‘%

~

8 \

- 20 -

\

E “-’ ----- --_-~

5!

UJ

-.

=.>

:

10

0

I I I I I 1 I I I I 1

6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

AGE IN YEARS

Figure 5. Prevalence rates of parent-reported history of earaches in past year among youths 6-11 years (1963-65) and 12-17 years

(1966-70), by age: United States.

7
the previous survey among U.S. children 6-11

years (26.6 percent); however, these rates are

not comparable since the children’s experience

was not limited to a single year. Despite this, the

pattern of relationship between this condition

and the demographic and socioeconomic variables, except for region, are similar among both

children and youths.

Running ears. –Nearly 1 youth in 10 (9.4

percent, or an estimated 2.1 million youths) was

reported by his or her parent to have ever had a

running ear or any discharge (except wax) from

the ears (table 1). Boys were slightly less likely

than girls to have had such a condition, and the

pattern by age was not consistent.

This condition, indicative of middle-ear infection, was reported substantially more frequently

among white (10.0 percent) than Negro (5.3

percent) youths (figure 2 and table 2). This

pattern of racial differences in the prevalence of

a history of running ears was present throughout

the age range and by sex, but the differences

were not consistently large enough to be statistically significant.

The prevalence of running ears among youths

in the Midwest (11.2 percent) was slightly higher

than that among youths in the other three

regions, where the rates ranged from 8.5 through

8.6 percent (table 3). This regional pattern was

found among both boys and girls, but it was not

consistent by age.

Youths in rural areas were more likely than

those in urban communities to have ever had a

discharge from their ears (table 4). This persisted

across the entire age range, with one minor

exception, and by sex, but it was not consistently significant throughout. The differential

was largest among the younger youths, age

12-15 years.

Even though a history of running ears was

reported more frequently among youths in

families with annual incomes of less than

$3,000, there was no consistent pattern by

income level (table 5). None of the differences

between income levels were large enough to be

statistically significant and the pattern by sex

and across the entire age range is erratic.

Similar to the findings for income, no definite

relationship was found between the prevalence

of a history of running ears among these youths

and the educational level of their parents (table

6).

The prevalence of a history of running ears

among U.S. youths (9.4 percent) was substantially lower than among U.S. children (11.8

percent), indicating either a lower infection rate

among the youths or possibly a memory factor

for the youths’ parents on this question. In

general the relationship of this condition to the

various demographic variables, with the exception of parent’s education, was similar among

children and youths.

Ear in&y.-In response to “Have his (her)

ears ever been damaged or injured in any way?,”

nearly 1 youth in 28 (3.6 percent, or an

estimated 0.8 million youths) was reported to

have had this experience (table 1). Boys were

slightly more likely than girls to have had an ear

injury, except at age 12, but there was no

increasing or decreasing trend with age.

The prevalence of ear injuries, as reported by

parents in the medical history, was significantly

higher among white than among Negro youths

(3.8 percent compared with 1.9 percent). The

higher rates among white youths were consistent

across age and sex (table 2).

Among youths in the West the rate of ear

injury history was slightly greater, and in the

Northeast the rate was slightly less than those

for the other two regions of the country though

the regional pattern was not consistent across

age and sex (table 3).

Ear injuries were substantially more frequently reported on history for U.S. youths age

12-17 years (3.6 percent) than for U.S. children

age 6-11 years (2.4 percent) from the earlier

national survey, as might be expected considering the greater time at risk for the older age

group. In general the relationship with demographic variables, except for region, showed a

similar pattern for both youths and children.

Drum per~oration.–Nearly 1 youth in 30 (3.0

percent, or approximately 0.7 million youths)

was reported to have ever had his or her

eardrums opened or lanced (table 1). Boys were

slightly more likely than girls to have had this

happen or done. There was no apparent trend by

age. Less than 1 percent of youths had ever had

some type of ear operation other than myringotomy (lancing of the tympanic membrme).

8
White youths were much more frequently

reported by their parents to have ever had their

eardrums perforated than were Negro youths

(3,3 percent compared with 1.2 percent). This

finding was consistent by sex and across the

entire age range (table 2).

The prevalence of this condition was slightly

higher among youths in the West (4.5 percent)

and lower among those in the South (1.9

percent) than in the other regions of the country

(table 3). Only the differences in rates between

youths in the South and those in the West were

large enough to be statistically significant. A

similar regional pattern was present for boys and

girls, but only among girls was the South-West

difference statistically significant.

The prevalence of drum perforation reported

on the medical history was identical among U.S.

youths in the present study and U.S. children

from the preceding national survey (3.0 percent). The relationship between this condition

and all demographic variables except region is

similar among both children and youths.

Other ear trouble. –To the medical history

question “Has he or she had any other ear

trouble?,” nearly 1 youth in 28 (3.6 percent, or

tin estimated 0.8 million youths) was reported

by his or her parent to have had some type of

em trouble other than those previously cited

here (table 1). Girls were slightly more likely

than boys to have had such a condition and no

consistent trend with age was evident.

The prevalence of other ear trouble from the

medical history was significantly greater among

white than among Negro youths—3.8 percent

compared with 2.0 percent (table 2). This racial

pattern was consistent across the age range in

the study and by sex, though the differences in

rates were large enough to be statistically significant only for the girls and at some of the

individual years of age.

Youths in the Midwest had slightly higher

rates for history of other ear trouble than those

in the other three regions of the country;

however, the differences were slight and were

not consistent across the age range or by sex

(table 3).

The prevalence of other ear trouble history

among U.S. youths (3.6 percent) was substantially lower than that found among U.S. children

(4.8 percent) from the previous national survey;

however, the pattern of relationship by demographic variables was similar in both studies.

Health H istory–Youth

Four questions directly related to functional

hearing or events indicative of other abnormal

conditions of the ear were included in the

self-administered health history completed by

the youth (appendix III).

Trouble hearing. –In response to “Do you

have any difficulty hearing?,” nearly 1 youth in

20 (4.9 percent, or an estimated 1.1 million

youths age 12-17 years) considered that he or

she had such a problem (table 7). This is

substantially in excess of the 3.7 percent of

youths reported by their parents as having

difficulty or trouble hearing, and more than

three times the 1.3 percent found to have a

hearing handicap on the basis of the air-conduction audiometric tests given during the examination.7 When comparison is made between the

parent’s and youth’s responses to whether the

youth had difficulty hearing, less than half the

parents (46.1 percent) appear to be aware of the

youths’ problems (table 8). Thus of the 4.9 percent of youths stating they had trouble hearing,

for only 2.3 percent did the parent indicate an

awareness of it. An additional 1.4 percent of

youths were reported to have such a problem by

their parents but not by themselves.

Girls were about as likely as boys to have

reported they had trouble hearing, and there was

no consistent trend with age.

Negro youths were more likely than white

youths to have reported they had this problem;

however, the difference in rates was not large

enough to be statistically significant (table 9).

Within each racial group, prevalence rates based

on self-reports exceeded those reported by the

parents, probably indicating that the youths are

reporting some presently minor hearing difficulties not yet evident to their pments.

The prevalence of self-reported trouble hearing among U.S. youths age 12-17 years from the

1966-70 national survey (4.9 percent) was just

slightly lower than among U.S. adults 18-24

years (also self-reported) from the 1960-62

national survey (5.6 percent).1 4 However,

9
among young U.S. adults 18-24 years, women

were substantially more likely than men to have

reported trouble hearing in contrast to the

slightly greater proportion of male than of

female youths reporting they had such a

problem.

Earaches. –More than one youth in five (20.4

percent, or an estimated 4.6 million youths),

reported having had one or more earaches in the

preceding year (table 7). Girls were more likely

than boys to have reported having had earaches,

and the difference in rates was large enough to

be statistically significant (23.3 percent compared with 17.6 percent). The prevalence of

earaches decreased with age for all youths from

23.8 percent among 12-year-olds to 16.2 percent

among the 17-year-old group. The trend with

age was more consistent among boys than

girls–decreasing for boys from about 21 percent

at ages 12 and 13 to less than 12 percent at 17

years. Among girls, however, the rate was

highest at 12 years (27 percent) and dropped to

a level of 22-23 percent at ages 13-16 years and

to just under 21 percent at 17 years.

White youths were more likely to have reported having had earaches than were Negro

youths, but the difference in prevalence rates

was negligible (table 9)

The prevalence rates for earaches among

youths based on self-reports (20.4 percent), are

more than one-third higher than those based on

the nearly comparable medical histories of earaches given for them by their parents (15.1

percent). This finding is present and consistent

for both boys and girls. Comparison of the two

reports for the same youths regarding the

youths’ having had earaches in the past year

shows that slightly less than half of the parents

(9.1 percent of the 20.4 percent of youths giving

positive responses) were apparently aware of or

remembered the problem that the youth reported having had (table 8). In addition 1.1

percent of the reports (of youths having had

earaches) by parents were not confirmed by the

youths. This probably reflects the fact that the

self-reported history contains a larger proportion

with less severe conditions which the youth may

not have mentioned to his parents.

Ear injury. –From the youth’s response to

“Were your ears ever damaged or injured in any

way?,” about 1 youth in 20 (4.7 percent, or an

estimated 1.0 million youths), reported having

had such injury (table 7). No consistent trend

with age is evident, and boys were just slightly

more likely than girls to have indicated they had

had such an injury. Only about half (45.9

percent) of the parents of youths reporting they

had had an ear injury confirmed the statement–

for 2.2 percent of the 4.7 percent of the youths

reporting this (table 8). An additional 0.05

percent of parents reported this for the youth in

instances where the youth gave a negative

response.

Ear injury rates, based on self-reports, were

negligibly higher among white than among

Negro youths (table 9), in contrast to the

significantly higher prevalence rates among

white than among Negro youths based on

reports for them by their parents.

Other ear trouble. –Nearly 1 youth in 12 (8.0

percent, or an estimated 1.8 million youths)

reported also having had some other ear trouble

(other than difficulty hearing, earaches, and ear

injuries), as shown in table 7. The rate was

slightly higher among boys than among girls, but

it showed no consistent trend with age. The

rates were signi~lcantly greater among white

than among Negro youths (table 9), but for both

racial groups the sex differences in the rates

were negligible.

Since the medical histories which the parents

gave for these youths identified several additional specific ear conditions which the youths

probably included in answering this particular

question, the data from the parents’ and youths’

responses to this question are not directly

comparable.

Examination

National estimates of the prevalence of physical evidence of past or present pathology in the

ear, nose, and throat among youths in this

report are based on direct examination findings

by the survey staff pediatricians who had been

specially trained to identify such evidence, as

described previously. No diagnoses of specific

disease entities, such as otitis media, are included. Estimates based on the ioint occurrence

of findings

severe acute

.

usually considered indicative of

otitis media are contained in a

10
previous report.1 5 Since cerumen or other occluding substances were not removed from the

ears, the true prevalence of specific findings

presented here will probably be somewhat

underestimated.

External ear. –One youth in 100 (1.2 percent,

or an estimated 0.3 million youths age 12-17

years) had some abnormality of at least one

external ear. These included congenital deformities as well as acquired conditions such as

adenopathy, fistulae, and operative scars. The

right ear was about as frequently affected as the

left (table 10). However, when such a condition

was present, one ear was more likely to be

affected than both (62 percent compared with

38 percent).

The prevalence of such conditions was slightly

higher among girls than boys throughout the age

range, with minor exceptions at 14 and 17 years.

This higher rate among girls was apparently due

primarily to infections resulting from piercing of

the lobe.

Among U.S. youths, the prevalence of abnormalities of the external ear (1.2 percent) was

slightly lower than among U.S. children (2

percent). Among children both external ears

were somewhat more likely to be affected,

whereas among youths the majority of such

conditions were limited to one ear.

.4uditory canaL-Nearly 1 youth in 6 (16.2

percent, or an estimated 3.7 million U.S. youths

~ge 12-17 years) had some abnormality of one

or both auditory canals. For the majority (97.3

percent), the canal was partially or completely

occluded, usually with encrusted or impacted

cerumen. If the canal was occluded, it was

slightly more likely to be completely (53 percent) than partially so (47 percent). Abnormal

findings, if present, were somewhat less likely to

involve both canals (43 percent) than just one

(57 percent). The right auditory canal was about

as frequently affected as the left (table 10).

Girls were slightIy more likely than boys to

have some abnormal condition of this site, but

no age-related trend was evident.

The prevalence of abnormalities of the auditory canal among U.S. youths (16 percent) was

substantially 10wer than among U.S. children

(21 percent) from the preceding national survey;

however, for about the same proportion among

both age groups (98 percent), the condition was

one of impacted or encrusted cerumen. For both

children and youths, the canal was more likely

to be completely than partially occluded and

both canak were somewhat less often affected

than just one. Boys, both among children and

youths, were Iess likeIy than girls to have some

abnormality of this site. However, among

youths, unlike children, there was no consistent

decrease in the prevalence of this condition with

age, probably reflecting the increase of the size

of the canal with age and hence the ease with

which it could be cleaned.

Drum. –Some abnormaIit y of the tympanic

membrane or drum was found among 1 youth in

7 (15.2 percent, or an estimated 3.4 million

youths) in the United States. The right drum

was about as likely to be affected as the left

(table 10), and both were less likely to be

involved than just one (42 percent). An additional 10.4 percent of the youths (approximately 2.4 million) had at least one auditory

canal so occluded that otoscopic visualization

was not possible. Impaired mobility of at Ieast

one drum, one of the findings indicative of

chronic serious otitis media, was present among

2.7 percent of the youths (approximately 0.6

milIion).

Boys were slightly less likely than girls to have

an abnormality of the Ieft tympanic membrane,

whereas girls were less likely to have an abnormalityy of the right drum. There was no apparent

trend with age in the prevalence rate of these

conditions (figure 6).

The prevalence of an abnormality of the drum

was substantially lower among U.S. youths (15.2

percent) than among U.S. children (approximately 20 percent). Among youths, both drums

rather than just one were involved less frequently, and there were fewer completely occluded drums than among U.S. children from

the earlier suryey.

Drum lustre. –An estimated 1.3 million

youths (5.9 percent) had drums that were dull

(opaque) in appearance, lacking the degree of

Iustre typical of the normal tympanic membrane. The right ear was about as likely as the

left to have such findings (table 10) and both

were less likely to be affected (43 percent) than

just one. The prevalence of this condition

differed slightly between boys and girls and

there was no consistent trend with age. This

11
20

t

— Boys

---- Girls

‘.

‘.

15

In

‘\ ..-,

; L.”” ‘., \

K

<

/’ \

LU \\

L

~ 10

\

/

‘. /

/

‘.

E

-4’

n.

o ‘

I I I I I I I I I i I

6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

AGE IN YEARS

Figure6. Prevalence rates of abnormal examination findings intheright eardrum among youths 6-n years (1963 -65) and12-17 years

(1966-70), by age: United Statas.

condition was just slightly more prevalent

among U.S. children from the previous survey (7

percent), probably primarily. because of the

slightly different criteria used to identify this

type of abnormality y in the two examinations.

However, similar patterns with respect to age

and sex were found among both children and

youths.

Drum transparency. –An estimated 0.1 million youths (0.6 percent) in this country were

rated as having an abnormally transparent

tympanic membrane in one or both ears. This

condition was seen nearly as often among boys

as girls and no age-related trend was evident

(table 10).

The prevalence of this type of abnormality

among youths was substantially less than that

among U.S. children from the previous survey

primarily because of the more stringent criteria

used to identify abnormal transparency in the

youths’ examination than in the children’s.

Drum bulging or retracted. –An estimated 0.8

million U.S. youths (3.5 percent) had at least

one tympanic membrane that was bulging or

retracted, a condition indicative of past or

present pathology. The right drum was about as

likely as the left to have such findings (table 10)

and both were less likely (34 percent) to be

involved than just one.

In the majority (85 percent) of cases where

this type of pathology was observed, the drum

was retracted, indicating either latent or early

stages of an active disease process. Binaural

involvement was present in about 37 percent of

the cases where at least one drum was retracted.

Among those with at least one drum retracted,

none had a bulging membrane in the opposite

ear.

Less than 1 percent of all youths had at least

one tympanic membrane that was bulging, a

finding suggestive of acute or chronic recurrent

otitis media. The condition was usually limited

to one ear (84 percent of those with at least one

drum affected). The prevalence of this evidence

of active or chronic recurrent disease process

(bulging membrane) was so low that national

estimates for it are not as reliable as those for

the more prevalent finding of retraction.

The prevalence of bulging or retracted drums

among U.S. youths (3.5 percent) was substantially lower than among U.S. children (9 percent) from the previous national survey. When

such conditions were found, youths were

slightly less likely than children to have a

12
retracted drum (87 percent compared with 96

percent) and less likely to have binaural involvement (one out of three cases among youths

compared with two out of three among children).

Drum perforated. –An estimated O.3 million

youths (1.3 percent) had at least one drum

perforated from a disease process, accident, or

operation. The right and left ears were equally

likely to be affected (table 10). This condition

was somewhat more likely to be found in one

(83 percent) than both (17 percent) ears; however, the prevalence is so low that these national

estimates cannot be considered reliable. If a

perforation was present, the youth was more

likely not to have than to have a discharge from

the affected ear.

The prevalence of perforation of the drum

among U.S. youths (1.3 percent) was negligibly

higher than among U.S. children (Iess than 1

percent).

Drum discolored. –An estimated 0.3 million

youths (1.4 percent) had at least one drum

discolored–either red indicating active pathology, or other discoloration suggestive of a

chronic recurrent disease process. The right ear

was slightly more likely to be affected than the

left among both boys and girls (table 10). The

discoloration was more likely to be red (97

percent) and to be found in one (84 percent)

thim in both (16 percent) ears. When both

tympanic membranes were involved the discoloration was the same in both (red).

If the drum was bulging or retracted, the

membrane was more likely to be discolored

(13.5 percent) than if the drum was normal (0.5

percent). Discoloration was also more likely to

be present if the drum was bulging (60 percent)

than if it was retracted (7 percent).

The prevalence of drum discoloration is only

negligibly lower among U.S. youths (1.4 percent) than U.S. children (2 percent) from the

1963-65 national survey, and among both

youths and children the discoloration was more

likely to be red and found in one ear rather than

in both.

Drum scars. –An estimated 1.1 million youths

(4.7 percent) had scars in one or both drums

from previous spontaneous or induced perforation that had healed. The left drum was nearly

as likely as the right to be affected (table 10),

and both ears were less likely to be involved (40

percent) than just one (60 percent).

The prevalence of this finding among U.S.

youths (4.7 percent) was more than double that

from the previous national survey among U.S.

children (2 percent), possibly reflecting the

longer length of time at risk for the youths.

Fluid visible. –For a very small proportion of

youths (0.5 percent), fluid was visible in the

middle ear through the tympanic membrane,

indicating some type of infection or other

pathology. The right ear was about as Iikely as

the Ieft to have such findings (table 10), and

both (9 percent) were less likely to be affected

than just one (91 percent). For those with fluid

visible, 63 percent had their drums rated as dull

and 34 percent as normal.

Calcium plaques. –Calcium plaques were

present on at least one drum for an estimated

0.6 million youths (2.8 percent). The right drum

was about as likely as the left to have such a

finding (table 10) and both were less likely to be

affected (25 percent) than just one (75 percent).

Boys and girls were nearly equalIy likely to have

such deposits and there was no definite agereIated trend in the prevalence rates. OnIy about

one youth in eight (11.6 percent) with caIcium

plaques noted on examination also had findings

of scar on the drum.

Drum a b n ormalities—socioecono mic and

demographic differentials. –Consideration of the

variations in the prevalence of otoscopic abnormalities among youths by race, geographic

region, parent education, and family income wiIl

be limited here to the major findings for the

right ear, since these conditions are present

about as frequently in one ear as in the other.

Negro youths were significantly less likely

than white youths to have some abnormality of

the right tympanic membrane, the prevalence

rates being 6.5 percent and 11.9 percent, respectively (table 11). This racial differential was

present among both boys and girls. However,

among white youths, the rates were slightly

higher for boys than for girls, while among

Negro youths the rates for girls were higher. No

definite age-related trend with respect to some

abnormality of the drum was evident in either

racial group.

Specific findings of bulging or retraction of

the drum were slightly more prevalent among

13
white than Negro youths, while the reverse was

true for lack of mobility and complete occlusion

of the tympanic membrane. This racial pattern

was consistent among both boys and girls and,

with minor exceptions, across the entire 12- to

17-year age range.

Regional differences in the rates for drum

abnormality were less marked than those for

race. Abnormalities of the right tympanic membrane were more prevalent among youths in the

West (17.3 percent) and less prevalent among

those in the Midwest (7.8 percent) than among

those in the Northeast (10.0 percent) and South

(9.8 percent), as shown in table 12 and figure 7.

The higher rates for Western youths were present among both boys and girls and across the

entire age range; however, the differences were

not large enough to be considered statistically

significant throughout. The prevalence of such

conditions was lowest among both boys and girls

and among the lowest across the age range for

youths in the Midwest.

The regional pattern with respect to the

specific drum abnormalities was not consistent.

Slightly higher prevalence rates were found for

bulging or retraction of the drum among youths

Northeast Midwest

•1

RI

South

REGION

Boys

Girls

Figure 7. Prevalence rates of abnormal examination findings in

the right aardrum among youths 12-17 years, by region:

United States, 1966-70.

14

in the West, for lack of drum mobility among

those in the South, and for complete occlusion

among youths in the Midwest.

Rural youths were more likely than those in

urban communities to have an abnormality of

the drum (table 13). This pattern was consistent

among both boys and girls and with one minor

exception across the 12- to 17-year age range;

none of the urban-rural differences were large

enough to be statistically significant. Similarly,

for each of the specific findings of bulging or

retraction, lack of mobility, and complete occlusion of the tympanic membrane, the prevalence rates were slightly higher among rural than

urban residents.

Socioeconomic differentials, though slight,

were also found among youths with respect to

the prevalence of these drum abnormalities.

Youths in the lower-income-level families–less

than $5,000 annual income–were more likely

than others to have any abnormality of the right

drum or to have a specific finding of bulging or

retraction, or lack of mobility of the drum

(table 14). The prevalence of complete occlusion

of the drum was higher among those in families

with annual incomes of less than $7,000 than

among the others.

When considered in relation to education of

the (first) parent, prevalence rates for any drum

abnormality were higher among youths whose

first parent had less than 5 years of formal

schooling (17.9 percent) than among those

having 5-11 years or 12 years or more (prevalence rates of nearly 11 percent, table 15). For

each of the most prevalent specific drum abnormalities, the rates decreased consistently

with increase in educational level of the parent

and were nearly twice as great among youths

whose parents had less than 5 years of formal

schooling than among those whose parents had

12 years or more.

Comparison of the findings for U.S. youths

from the present studies with those for U.S.

children from the 1963-65 national survey

shows similar patterns of higher prevalence rates

for abnormality of the drum among Negro than

among white children and youths, and among

those living in rural than in urban communities.

The distribution of abnormal findings by region

and socioeconomic level differs somewhdt for

the two age groups.
Tonsils. –An estimated 8.7 million youths

(38.3 percent) had tonsils that were removed (or

otherwise not visibIe) either completely (28.4

percent) or partially, with tags still present (9.9

percent). The proportion who have had a tonsillectomy (or whose tonsils were otherwise not

completely visible) increased with age from 34.4

percent at 12 years to 42.1 percent at 16 years,

then dropped slightly at 17 years (figure 8). The

only substantial increase occurred between ages

14 and 15 years. Among younger youths age

12-15 years, boys were more likely than girls to

have had their tonsils removed, while the reverse

was found among older youths (table 10). In the

remainder of this section it will be assumed that

the majority if not all of the youths with tonsils

not visible or with only tags present had had a

tonsillectomy, since it was not possible from the

recorded examination findings to identify

youths whose tonsils were congenitally absent or

where extensive shrinkage had occurred.

Enlargement of the tonsils to the extent that

they extended beyond the tonsillar pillars but

did not touch at the midline even when the

youth gagged (Grade II) was present among an

estimated 6.3 million youths (27.9 percent).

This de~ee. of abnormality was found in girls

about as frequently as in boys. The prevalence

rate generally decreased with age from a maximum of 33.3 percent at 12 years to a minimum

of 22.0 percent at 16 years, either as a result of

surgical removal or normal physiological regression (shrinkage) in size of the tonsils with

increasing age.

Essentially normal tonsils confined within

tonsillar pillars (Grade I) were present in an

estimated 7.6 million youths (33.6 percent). The

percent with normal tonsils was only slightly

higher among girls than boys and showed no

consistent trend with age.

Substantially more white than Negro youths

had had their tonsils completely or partially

removed (table 16 and figure 9). The differences

in the proportion who had such surgery were

large enough to be statistically significant for

both boys and girls and at each year of age. The

Grade Ill

I

Grade I

Not Visible

Grade II

Tags

—

6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

AGE IN YEARS

/

Figure 8. Prevalence rates of condition of tonsils among youths 6-11 years (1963-65) and 12-17 years (1966-70), by age: United

States.

15
45 -

40 -

35 -

0

r

; 30

)

:

- 25 -

c

u

1.

: 20 -

c

15 -

10 -

5 -

0 —

—

Removed Tags Grade I Grade II Grade Ill

CONDITION OF TONSILS

Figure 9. Prevalence rates of condition of tonsils among white

and Negro youths 12-17 years: United States, 1966-70.

rate of complete removal was 31.6 percent

among white youths compared with 8.0 percent

among Negro youths, while for those with

tonsillar tags the respective rates were 10.2 and

7.9 percent.

Negro youths, however, were nearly twice as

likely as white youths to have enlarged tonsils, a

differential found among both boys and girls

and across the age range. The rates for slight to

moderate enlargement were 44.2 percent among

Negro youths compared with 25.4 percent

among white youths. Only among white youths

did this rate show any consistent trend with

age—a steady decrease to age 16“ years. Severely

enlarged tonsils (Grade III) were present infrequently but relatively more often in Negro than

in white youths–O.6 percent compared with 0.1

percent, respectively.

Negro youths were also slightly more likely

than white youths to have normal tonsils still

present–39.2 percent compared with 32.6 percent, respectively.

In the South the proportion of youths with

completely removed tonsils was markedly lower

than for youths in other sections of the country

(table 17 and figure 10). The rate for Southern

youths (16.6 percent) was significantly below

that for youths in the Northeast (34.8 percent)

and Midwest (34.3 percent), but only slightly

below that for those in the West (27.2 percent).

Moderately enlarged tonsils were more frequently present among youths in the South

(40.4 percent) than among those in the other

three regions of the country, where the prevalence rates ranged from 23.1 in the Midwest to

24.7 percent in the Northeast.

Youths in the West were slightly more likely

than those in the other regions to have essentially normal tonsils–rates of 38.0 percent compared with 27.8 percent in the Northeast, 34.4

percent in the Midwest, and 33.1 percent in the

South.

The disproportionately higher rates for moderately enlarged tonsils and lower rates for

completely removed tonsils among youths in the

South than those in other regions reflect the

disproportionate number of Negroes in that

region (proportionately about twice as many

Negroes in the South as in the other regions).

Youths in the lower-level-income families

(annual income of less than $5,000) were more

likely to have slightly to moderately enlarged

tonsils but less likely to have had their tonsils

partially or completely removed than those from

higher-level-income families (.$5,000 or more).

The percent of youths with tonsik removed,

partially or completely, increased steadily with

income from 17.2 percent among those in the

lowest income bracket to 47.8 percent among

youths in families with annual incomes of

$10,000-$14,999, and then dropped slightly

(table 18 and figure 11).

The percent of youths with severely erdarged

tonsils, though too small to provide the basis for

reliable national estimates in any degree of

demographic detail, decreased consistently with

increase in family income.

The proportion of U.S. youths with tonsils

removed (38.3 percent) was substantially higher

than that of U.S. children from the 1963-65

national survey but there was a general increase

with age over the 6- to 17-year span (figure 8).

Tonsillar tags were about as frequently found

among U.S. youths (9.9 percent) as among U.S.

children (9.6 percent), with no consistent age

trend in either group.

16
60

t

❑ Northeast ❑~“”““’” South

N

Midwest

Il!z!

West

40

30

20

10

0

Not visible Tags Grade I

CONDITION OF TONSILS

Grade II Grade Ill

Figure 10. Prevalence rates of condition of tonsils among youths 12-17 years, by region: United States, 1966-70.

Moderately enlarged tonsils were found less

frequently among U.S. youths (27.9 percent)

than among U.S. children (33.9 percent), and

the general pattern of decreasing prevalence with

age was slightly more consistent among the older

age group (youths). The prevalence of severely

enlarged tonsils was also lower among U.S.

youths (0.2 percent) than among U.S. children

(1.2 percent).

Normal tonsils were found more frequently in

U.S. children (41.5 percent) from the previous

survey than in U.S. youths (33.6 percent) from

the present 1966-70 national survey.

Oral pharynx. –An estimated 1.5 million

youths (6.6 percent) had some abnormality of

their oral pharynx (table 10). The majority of

these consisted of swollen or hypertrophic

Iymphoid tissue on the posterior wall of the

pharynx, frequently a manifestation of an allergy or a common cold. Boys were slightly

more likely than girls to have such findings, but

the difference was not large enough to be

statistically significant and there was no agerelatcd trend.

The prevalence rates for abnormal findings of

the oral pharynx are slightly higher for white

youths (6.8 percent) than for Negro youths (5.6

percent), but the differences are small enough to

be due to sampling variability alone (table 16).

This racial differential was found among both

boys and girls and across the age range 12-17

years, except at 13 and 16 years.

Relatively more youths in the South (9.1

percent) and the West (7.5 percent) had some

abnormality of the oral pharynx than those in

the Northeast (6,5 percent) and Midwest (3.9

percent), though only for the rates in the

Midwest and the South was the difference large

enough to be statistically significant (table 17).

This regional pattern was found among both

boys and girls but not consistently across the age

span. In each region, except for the South, the

rates for boys exceeded those for girls.

Some slight association of these findings with

income is suggested. The prevalence rates are

highest among youths in families with annual

incomes under $5,000, though the differences

among the various income levels are not large

17
Not visible Tags

n

Grade I

CONDITION OF TONSILS

❑ Lesstlmn.S3,000

❑ $3,000-$4,999

❑ $5,000.$6,999

Grade II Grade 111

Figure 11. Prevalence of condition of tonsils among youths 12-17 years, by annual family income: Unitad States, 1966-70,

pattern consistent for boys ‘md girls or by age

(table 18).

The prevalence rates for abnormality of the

oral pharynx was slightly but not significantly

less among U.S. youths (6.6 percent) than

among U.S. children (10.0 percent) from the

1963-65 national survey. Across the age range

6-17 years, the rates among white children and

youths tended to be slightly greater than among

their Negro counterparts, but the regional and

income level distributions of such abnormalities

were not similar for children and youths.

Nose.–An estimated 2.2 million youths (9.8

percent) had some abnormality of the nose at

the time of the examination. The right and left

nares were equally likely to have an abnormalityy

(table 10), and both nares were more likely to

be affected (64 percent) than just one (36

percent). When an obstruction was present, it

was more likely to be acute (84 percent) with

blockage from profuse discharge due to an

infection or allergy, than chronic (16 percent)

from a deviated septum or other abnormality.

enough to be statistically significant nor is the Across the age range 12-17 years, boys were

slightly more likely than girls to have this

problem, though the differences in rates were

~ot large enough to be statistically significant.

The prevalence of abnormality of the nose

among U.S. youths (9.8 percent) was substantially less than that found in the previous

nationaI survey among U.S. children (about 20

percent).

Relation of Medical History and Examination

Findings

The extent of agreement between the history

of hearing difficulties or other ear defects as

reported by the parents and the findings on the

ENT examination for the youths are indicated in

table 19.

Youths found an examination to have one or

more abnormalities of the drum were significantly more likely to have been reported by

their parents as having had difficulty hearing,

earaches in the past year, injury to the ear,

drums opened or lanced, or running ears than

18
were youths for whom the drum was considered

normal by the survey examining physician (figure 12 and table 19). Those youths with tonsils

removed also were more likely to have had a

history of such hearing and ear problems than

those with normal tonsils; however, the differences in the rates are not large enough to be

statistically significant. These relationships are

generally similar to those found among U.S.

children from the 1963-65 national survey.

Relationship of Hearing Sensitivity, Medical

History, and Examination Findings

Medical history –parent.–Youths reported by

their parents to have had difficulty hearing,

earaches in the past year, ear injuries, drums

opened, or running ears tended to have less

sensitive hearing across alI eight frequencies in

the air-conduction audiometric tests than those

without such a history (tables 20-26). Mean

hearing thresholds for the better ear of youths

with each type of history (of hearing or ear

problem) were significantly higher (poorer hearing) than for those without (with one exception

at 8000 Hz for earache history where the

difference was not large enough to be statistically significant). This pattern was generally

consistent among both boys

the age range 12-17 years.

and girls and across

The strongest relationship with audiometric

test results among these youths was found for

those with a history of difficulty or trouble

hearing. Mean thresholds for youths with this

probIem ranged from 5 to 10 dB higher across

the test frequencies than for those without. The

history of ear injuries also showed a significant

association with test results—mean thresholds

for those with such a history were 3 to 7 dB

above those without. The relationship to hearing

levels was significant but less strongly associated

with a history of drum opened, running ears, or

earaches. These findings for U.S. youths of the

strongest relationship being between their hearing levels and their history of difficulty hearing

were similar to those among U.S. children from

the 1963-65 national survey.

Health history -youth. -Youths who reported

having had trouble hearing or an ear injury had

significantly higher hearing thresholds (poorer

hearing) in the better ear, on the average, than

those who did not report such a condition

(tables 27 and 29). Those with trouble hearing

had mean hearing levels 5 to 9 dB higher across

the test frequencies than those who did not. The

association with a history of ear injuries, while

40

[

❑ All youths

N

Youths with abnormal right eardrums

30 Q

:::::::::

;:fi Youths with tonsils removed

0

HEARING EARACHES INJURY DRUM OPENEO OTHER EAR RUNNING EAR OTHER EAR

TROUBLE \ TO EARS OPERAfl~N TFOUBLE

Figure 12. Prevalence of history of hearing and ear abnormalities among all youths 12-17 years and among youths with examination

findings of abnormal right eardrum or with tonsils removad: United States, 1966-70.

19
significant, was less strong—mean levels for

youths who had such injuries were 2 to 5 dB

greater (poorer) than for those who had not.

Only for trouble hearing was the relationship

strong enough to be consistently statistically

significant among both boys and girls and

generally across the age range (except at 17

years).

The relationship between hearing thresholds

and history of earache in the past year or other

ear trouble was less consistent (tables 28 and

30). While youths with such a history also had

hearing thresholds that were higher on the

average than those who did not, the mean

differences with respect to presence or absence

of earache history were large enough to be

statistically significant at only six of the eight

frequencies (250, 500, 1000, 2000, 6000, and

8000 Hz) and for other ear trouble at only five

frequencies (1000 and 3000-8000 Hz).

The patterns of association between hearing

levels of these youths and findings from the

three comparable history items on the medical

history as given for them by their parents and

their own self-administered health history are

similar. From both types of history, the item

regarding difficulty hearing was the condition

most closely associated with the youths’ actual

hearing thresholds. The relationship of hearing

levels to the history of ear injuries was slightly

stronger on the parent report for the youths

than on the youths’ own histories.

Examination.– In analyzing the association of

the ENT findings indicative of present or past

pathology with the hearing levels of youths, the

abnormalities for a specific ear or nare are

related to the audiometric test results for the

appropriate ear (tables 31-39, 43). Findings in

the throat and nose are related here to the

thresholds for the better ear (tables 40-42).

From the examination of the ear, only conditions of the tympanic membrane showed any

significant relationship to hearing levels of

youths (figure 13). Those with an abnormality

of the drum, either right or left, had significantly higher mean hearing thresholds (poorer)

across all eight test frequencies than youths with

no abnormalities.

The two specific conditions showing the

closest association with hearing levels were

perforation and lack of mobility of the drum.

Youths with either type of condition had

significantly higher mean hearing levels (poorer)

for the ear affected, right or left, across all eight

test frequencies. Among youths with perforations of the drum in contrast with youths

without, hearing levels were significantly elevated (except at 250 and 3000 Hz for those with

discharge from the left ear and at 4000 Hz for

those without discharge from the right ear).

Youths with conditions of retraction or scarring of the tympanic membrane also generally

had significantly elevated hearing thresholds in

the affected ear, although the difference in mean

levels between those with and without such

physical symptoms was not large enough to be

statistically significant for those with a retraction at 3000 Hz for the right ear and 8000 Hz

for the left and for those with scarring at 250

and 3000 Hz for the right ear and 250, 1000,

2000, and 3000 Hz for the left ear.

Bulging or redness of the drum also was more

likely to be present among youths with elevated

hearing levels than those without, though only

at one test frequency for each (3000 Hz for

bulging in the left drum and 4000 Hz for redness

in the right drum) were mean thresholds significantly higher than for youths without such

physical symptoms,

The significantly elevated hearing thresholds

in the right ear for the small group of youths

with external right ears abnormal are due primarily to three youths—one with a right mastoidectomy and two with congenital deformities

involving both the extermd and middle ear.

From the examination of the throat, youths

with abnormalities of the oral pharynx tended

to have slightly higher hearing levels in their

better ear than those without, though only at

1000 Hz was the mean difference large enough

to be statistically significant, while at 6000 Hz

mean thresholds were identical for both groups.

The presence or absence of tonsils was generally unrelated to the hearing thresholds for these

youths. However, the smalI group of youths

with severely enlarged tonsils (0.2 percent with

Grade III) had elevated mean hearing thresholds

at six of the eight test frequencies, although the

differences, when compared with those with

normal tonsils or tonsils removed, were not

statistically significant.

No relationship was evident between hearing

levels and abnormalities of the nose. From this

part of the ENT examination, youths with

20
.. PERFORATED DRUM-RIGHT EAR

“.. . . ..O

..” “.

.. .“ P..

“.

. .“” /’ “o

. . . I

“.

“.

%.. i,,}’

%.. .“

‘\\

. . .

:/

‘\ ““. . . .. O%.”,/

‘\ I

‘b

% 1’

‘----J

Without discharge

With discharge

Nmmal

o~

260 500 lmo 2000 4000 8000

3000 60C51

30

t

DECREASED MOBILITY OF DRUM-RIGHT EAR

A,

I

‘. Not mobile

/

‘\ It

‘*

‘\

‘\

*. /’

‘. ,/

R

Normal

--_J

o~

250 500 1000 20)0 4000 Sooo

3000 6W0

30

1

BULGINGIRETRACTEO DRUM–RIGHT EAR

....

20 . . .

.:4 Bulging

.“”t’ ‘%

:ft ~

‘0 - :*Z

. . . . . . ...”

n

250 500 1000 2000 4000 8000

3000 6000

30

t

SCARRED DRUM-RIGHT EAR

o~

250 500 1000 2000 4000 8000

3000 6006

FREQUENCY IN CYCLES PER SECOND FREQUENCY IN CYCLES PER SECOND

Figure 13. Average hearing levels intheright earateight test frequencies foryouths 12-17years with normaidrums and forthose with

significant abnormal otoscopic findings of the right drum: United States, 1966-70.

abnormal findings in their noses had thresholds

only slightly higher (poorer) or the same as

those without. However, those with chronic

obstruction of one or both nares had consistently higher mean hearing IeveIs (poorer) than

those for whom the obstruction was acute from

a condition such as a common cold.

The effect of the presence in one or both

drums of the conditions most closely associated

with elevated hearing levels (poorer) may be

seen at two test frequencies in table 44. Mean

hearing thresholds of youths were significantly

higher for those with abnormal than normal

drums, regardless of whether the other drum was

normal or abnormal. When the effect of the

specific conditions of the drum is considered—

perforation, lack of mobility, retraction, discoloration or scarring-the mean hearing thresholds

for the affected ear tended to be elevated

regardless of whether both drums had the

particular abnormality, the other drum was

normal, or the other drum had some other type

of abnormality.

The pattern of association of ENT findings to

hearing thresholds among U.S. youths is generally similar to that found among U.S. children

from the preceding 1963-65 national survey.

Findings from the Subgroup of Youths

Examined in Both the 1963-65 and

1966-70 Health Examination Surveys

The sample design for the 1966-70 Health

Examination Survey among youths provided for

21
use of the same sampling areasand housing units

as the preceding national survey among children

in 1963-65. As a result, nearly one-third of the

youths in the later study had also been examined in the children’s survey. The time lapse

between the two examinations ranged from 28

months to 5 years, with a median time lapse of

about 4 years.

The methods used for the ENT examination

were generally similar in both surveys, as were

the medical history items relating to hearing

difficulties and ear conditions completed by the

parent for the examinee, except as previously

noted. However, because of the method of

selection and the fact that not all eligible

children returned for reexamination in the

youths’ survey, only rough comparisons can be

made between the findings for these youths at

the two points in time.

From the medical histories as given by the

parents, the proportion with trouble hearing was

slightly lower among the youths (3.5 percent)

than it had been for them as children at the time

of the previous survey (4.4 percent, table 45).

The proportion who had running ears decreased

significantly from 11.8 percent when they were

children to 9.4 percent as youths, possibly

reflecting the problem of recall for the parent

over the longer period of time. The substantial

decrease in the proportion with earaches from

25.9 percent to 14.8 percent is due primarily to

the limitation of the experience to the preceding

year on the youths’ questionnaire only.

The examination revealed a negligible decrease in the proportion with an abnormality of

the right drum, from 12.6 percent among this

group at ages 6-11 years to 10.5 percent at ages

12-17 years (table 46). The decrease in, the

proportion with bulging or retracted drums from

5.9 percent as children to 2.4 percent as youths

is statistically significant. There was a substantial

increase in the proportion with tonsils not

visible (presumably surgically removed) from

17.5 percent as children to 27.6 percent as

youths, and a corresponding significant decrease

in the proportion with normal tonsils still intact

from 41.1 percent when they were children to

32.6 percent when they were youths, which is

consistent with the reported increase in history

of operations for all children and youths over

the age range 6-17 years.15

Slight decreases in

tween the two points

the prevalence rate bein time for these youths

are found for moderately and severely enlarged

tonsils and for abnormalities of the oral

pharynx.

Comparison of their audiometric test results

at the two points in time (shown for convenience in table 47 in dB re ASA-1951 audiometric

zero) indicates that the mean hearing levels of

these youths at the time of the present study are

the same or higher (poorer) than they were in

the earlier study, with a slight minor exception

at 8000 Hz. The mean differences were large

enough to be statistically significant at five of

the eight frequencies–500 and 2000-6000 Hz.

SUMMARY

Prevalence of abornmal conditions of the ear,

nose, and throat and the relationship of these

abnormalities to hearing sensitivity of noninstitutiona.lized youths 12-17 years of age in the

United States, based on findings from the Health

Examination Survey of 1966-70, have been

described and analyzed in this report. The

reIation of the youths’ hearing sensitivity to

events in their self-reported medical history and

those reported for them by their parents are ako

included. Findings have been analyzed by racial,

regiomd, and socioeconomic differentials.

For the 1966-70 Health Examination Survey,

a probability sample was selected to represent

the 22.7 million civilian noninstitutionalized

youths 12-17 years of age in the United States at

midsurvey time. The 6,768 youths examined, 90

percent of the sample, were cIoseIy representative of the youth population from which they

were drawn with respect to age, sex, race,

region, and other demographic and socioeconomic variables considered in this report. Comparison is made throughout with findings among

U.S. children 6-11 years of age from the

1963-65 Health Examination Survey.

Major findkgs from this study among youths

include:

1. From the otoscopic examination, 15.2 percent, or an estimated 3.4 million youths

aged 12-17 years, were found to have some

abnormality in at least one eardrum. An

22
additional 10.4 percent, or 2.4 million

youths, had their auditory canal so occluded, usually by cerumen, that the condition of the drum could not be determined.

2. Abnormalities of the eardrum were found

significantly more often among white than

Negro youths, but only slighdy more frequently among youths from the West than

other regions and among those from rural

than urban areas. The relationship of these

conditions to the socioeconomic status of

the family were not consistent; however,

the prevalence tended to be slightly higher

among those from families where income

and parent educational levels were lowest.

3. Youths with abnormalities of their eardrums had reduced hearing sensitivity, on

the average, at all test frequencies; however, even for youths with such abnormalities, mean hearing levels were still generally

within the normal range. Specific conditions most closely associated with reduced

hearing sensitivity were perforation and

decreased mobility of the drum. Also significantly related to reduced sensitivity at

some but not all of the test frequencies

were findings of discoloration of the drum,

bulging or retraction of the drum, and

scarring of the drum as well as absence of

findings because of complete occlusion of

the auditory canal by cerumen and incomplete visibility of the drum.

4. Significantly erdarged tonsils touching at

the midline were found among less than 1

percent (0.2 percent) of the youth population, while nearly two-fifths (38.3 percent)

had had their tonsils removed. Tonsils were

completely or partialIy removed (tags remaining) more frequently among white

than Negro youths and less frequently

among those from the South and those

from families with annual incomes of less

than $5,000. Normal and slightly enlarged

tonsils were found more often among

Negro than white youths and among those

from the South than elsewhere.

5. Histories of previous ear infection and ear

injury were reported substantially more

frequently among white than Negro

youths, whereas trouble hearing was reported significantly less often among white

than Negro youths. Trouble hearing was

reported more frequently among youths in

the South and among those from families

where income and parent education were

lowest.

6. The prevalence rates among youths for a

history of difficulty or trouble hearing and

earaches in the past year were significantly

greater on the history as given by the

youths themselves than as reported for

them by their parents. Among those youths

giving such a history, less than half were

also reported to have such a problem by

their parents.

7. Youths found on examination to have an

abnormal tympanic membrane were substantially more likely than those with

normal eardrums to have been reported by

their parents to have had difficulty hearing,

earaches in the past year, drums opened or

lanced, or running ears.

REFERENCES

1National Center for Health Statistics: origin, pro- United States, 1~60-62. Vital and Health Statistics. PHS

gram, and operation of the U.S. National Health Survey. Pub. No. 1000-Series 1l-No. 1. Public Health Service.

Vital and Health Statistics. PHS Pub. No. 1000-Series Washington. U.S. Government Printing Office, Apr.

l-No. 1, Public Health Service. Washington. U.S. Govern- 1964.

ment Printing Office, Aug. 1963. qNational Center for Health Statistics: Plan, opera2Nationa1 Center for Health statistics: Plm ~d tion, and response results of a program of children’s

initial program of the Health Examination Survey. Vital examinations. Vital and Health Statistics. PHS Pub. No.

and Health Statistics. Series l-No. 4. DHEW Pub, No. 1000-Series l-No. 5. Public Health Service. Washington.

(HRA) 74-1038. Health Resources Administration. U.S. Government Printing Office, Oct. 1967.

Washington. U.S. Government Printing Office, Nov. 5National center for He~th statistics: sample &S@

1973.

3National Center for Health

Health Examination Survey,

and estimation procedures for a National Heal~hExarniStatistics: Cycle I of the nation Survey of children. Vital and Health Statistics.

sample and response, Series 2-No. 43. DHEW Pub. No. (HSM) 72-1005. Health

23
Services and Mental Health Administration. Washington.

U.S, Government Printing Office, Aug. 1971.

6NationaI Center for Health Statistics: Plan and

operation of a Health Examination Survey of U.S.

youths 12-17 years of age. Vital and Health Statistics.

PHS Pub. No. 1000-Series l-No. 8. Public Health

Service. Washington. U.S. Government Printing Office,

Sept. 1969.

7National Center for Heath Statistics: Hearing levek

of youths 12-17 years, United States. Vital and Health

Statistics. Series 1l-No. 145. DHEW Pub. No. (HRA)

75-1627. Health Resources Administration. Washington.

U.S. Government Printing Office, Jan. 1975.

8Nationfl Center for He~th Statistics: Hearing levels

of children by age and sex, United States. Vital and

Health Statistics. PHS Pub. No. 1000-Series 11-No. 102.

Public Health Service. Washington. U.S. Government

Printing Office, Feb. 1970.

9Americau Standards Association: American Standard Specifications for Audiometers for General Diagnostic Purposes. Pub. No. Z24.5-1951. New York, 1951.

10American National standards Institute: American

Standard Specifications for Audiometers. Pub. No.

S3.6-1969. New York, 1969.

11International organization for Standardization:

ISO Recommendation R389-Standard Reference Zero

for the Calibration of Pure Tone Audiometers.

ISO/R389-1964 (E). Switzerland, Nov. 1964.

12National center for Health Statistics: Hearing

sensitivity and related medical findings among children,

United States. Vital and Health Statistics. Series 1l-No.

114. DHEW Pub. No. (HSM) 72-1046. Health Services

and Mental Health Administration. Washington. U.S.

Government Printing Office, Mar. 1972.

13National center for He~th Statistics: Hearing and

related medical findings among children: Race, area, and

socioeconomic differentials, United States. Vital and

Health Statistics. Series 1l-No. 122. DHEW Pub. No.

(HSM) 73-1604. Health Services and Mental Health

Administration. Washington. U.S. Government Printing

Office, Oct. 1972.

14National Center for Health Statistics: Hearing

status and ear examination findings among adults,

United States, 1960-1962. Vital and Health Statistics.

PHS Pub. No. 1000-Series 1l-No. 32. Public Health

Service. Washington.

NOV. 1968.

U.S. Government Printing Office,

15National Center for Health Statistics: Examination

and health history findings among childxen and youths

16-17 years, United States. Vital and Health Statistics.

Series 1l-No. 129. DHEW Pub. No. (HRA) 74-1611.

Health Resources Administration. Washington. U.S.

Government Printing Office, Nov. 1973.

16National Center for Health Statistics: Quality

control in a National Health Examination Survey. Vital

and Health Statistics. Series 2-No. 44. DHEW Pub. No.

(HRA) 74-1023. Health Resources Adminktration.

Washington. U.S. Government Printing Office, Feb.

1972.

17Corfiss, E. L. R., and Snyder, W. F.: Calibration of

audiometers. J. Acoust. Soc.Amer. 22(6):837-842, Nov.

1950.

18BWkhwd, M. D., ad Corliss, E. L, R.: The

response of earphones in ears and couplers. J. Acoust. -

Soc.Amer. 26(5):679-685, Sept. 1954.

19National Center for He~th Statistics: Loudness

bahmce study of selected audiometer earphones. Vital

and Health Statistics. PHS Pub. No. 1000-Series 2-No.

40. Public Health Service. Wash@gton. U.S. Government

Printing Office, Dec. 1970.

20personal communication from Allison Laboratories

and used in Cox, J. R., Jr., and Bilger, R. C.: Suggestion

relative to the standardization of loudness-balance data

for Telephonic TDH-39 earphone. J.Acoust. Soc.Amer.

32(8):1081-1082, Aug. 1960.

21 Davis, Ho, and KHUIZ, F’. w.: The international

standard reference zero for pure-tone audiometers and

its relation, to the evaluation of impairment of hearing.

J. Speech Hear.Res. 7(1):7-16, Mar. 1964.

22 Davis, H.: The ISO zero-reference level for audio.

meters. Arch, Otolaryng. 81:145-199, Feb. 1965.

23 Glorig, A.: Audiometric reference levels. Laryngoscope. 76:842-849, May 1966.

24 Weissler, p. G.: International standard reference

zero for audiometers. J. Acoust. Soc.Amer. 44(1 ):264-

275, Ju1Y 1968.

25 British stand~ds Institution: B~”t~h standard

Specifications for the Normal Threshold of Hearing for

Pure Tone by Earphone Listening. B.S. 2497. London.

British Standards House, Inc., 1954.

24
LIST OF DETAILED TABLES

Page

Table 1. Prevalence rates of parent-reported medical history that may be associated with hearing impairment among youths

aged 12-17 years, by age and sex, with standard errors for total rates: United States, 1966-70 . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

2. Prevalence rates of parent-reported history of trouble hearing and other ear problems among youths aged 12-17

years, by race, age, and sex, with total standard errors: United States, 1966-70 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . 29

3. prevalence rates of parent-reported history of trouble hearing and other ear problems among youths aged 12-17

years, by region, age, and sex, with total standard errors: United States, 1966-70 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

4, Prevalence rates of parent-reported history of trouble hearing and other ear problems among youths aged 12-17

years, by urban and rural area of residence, age, and sex, with total standard errors: United States, 1966-70 . . . . 31

5. Prevalence rates of parent-reported history of trouble hearing and other ear problems among youths aged 12-17

years, by income, age, and sex, with total standard errors: United States, 1966-70 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

6. Prevalence rates of parent-reported history of trouble hearing and other ear problems among youths aged 12-17

years, by education of parent, age, and sex, with total standard errors: United States, 1966-70 . . . . . . . . . . . 32

7. Prevalence rates of youth-reported medical history that may be associated with hearing impairment among youths

aged 12-17 years, by age and sex, with standard errors for total rates: United States, 1966-70 . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

8. Prevalence rates of parent-reported and youth-reported history of hearing trouble and ear problems among youths

aged 12-17 years: United States, 1966-70 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...34

9. Prevalence rates of youth-reported history of trouble hearing and other ear problems among youths aged 12-17

years, by race, age, and sex, with total standard errors: United States, 1966-70 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

10. Prevalence rates of ear, nose, and throat abnormalities found on examination among youths aged 12-17 years, by age

and sex, with standard errors for total rates: United States, 1966-70 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

11. Prevalence rates of abnormal conditions found on examination of the right eardrum among youths aged 12-17 years,

by race, age, and sex, with total standard errors: United States, 1966-70 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

12. Prevalence rates of abnormal conditions found on examination of the right eardrum among youths aged 12-17 years,

by region, age, and sex, with total standard errors: United States, 1966-70 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

13. Prevalence rates of abnormal conditions found on examination of the right eardrum among youths aged 12-17 years,

by urban and rural place of residence, age, and sex, with total standard errors: United States, 1966-70 . . . . . . . 42

14. Prevalence rates of abnormal conditions found on examination of the right eardrum among youths aged 12-17 years,

by family income, age, and sex, with total standard errors: Unitad States, 1966-70 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

15. Prevalence rates of abnormal conditions found on examination of the right eardrum among youths aged 12-17 years,

by years of schooling completed by parent, aga, and sex, with total standard errors: United States, 1966-70 . . . . 44

16. Prevalence rates of findings from examination of the tonsils and oral pharynx among youths aged 12-17 years, by

race, age, and sex, with total standard errors: United States, 1966-70 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

17. Prevalence rates of findings from examination of the tonsils and oral pharynx among youths aged 12-17, by region,

age, and sex, with total standard errors: United States, 1966-70 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

25
LIST OF DETAILED TABLES-Con.

Page

Table 18. Prevalence rates of findings from examination of the tonsils and oral pharynx among youths aged 12-17 years, by

family income, age, and sex, with total standard errors: United States, 1966-70 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

19. Prevalence rates of findings from the ear, nose, and throat examination among youths aged 12-17 years with some

parent-reported history of an ear or hearing problem, with standard errors for total rates: Unitad States, 1966-70 . . 48

20. Average hearing Ievals in the better ear at each test frequency among youths aged 12-17 years with and without

parent-reported hearing trouble, by age and sex, with standard errors for total averages: United States, 1966-70 . . 49

21. Averaga hearing lavels in the better ear at each test frequency among youths aged 12-17 years with and without

parent-reported earaches, by age and sex, with standard errors for total averages: United States, 1966-70 . . . . . . 51

22. Average hearing levels in the better ear at each tast frequency among youths aged 12-17 years with and without

parent-reported ear injury, by age and sex, with standard errors for total averagas: United States, 1966-70 . . . . . 53

23. Average hearing levels in bettar ear at each test frequency among youths aged 12-17 years with and without

parent-raported drum opened, by age and sex, with standard errors for total averagas: United States, 1966-70 , . . 55

24. Average hearing levels in the better ear at each test frequency among youths aged 12-17 years with and without

parent-reported running ear, by age and sax, with standard errors for total averages, Unitad States, 1966-70 . . . . 57

25. Average hearing levels in the better ear at aach test fraquency among youths aged 12-17. years with and without

parent-reported other aar operation, by age and sex, with standard errors for total averages: United States, 1966-70. . 59

26. Averaga hearing Iavels in the better ear at aach tast frequency among youths aged 12-17 years with and without

parent-reported other ear trouble, by age and sex, with standard errors for total averages: United States, 1966-70 . . 61

27. Average hearing levels in the better ear at each test frequency among youths aged 12-17 years with and without

youth-reported trouble hearing, by age and sex, with standard errors for total averages: United States, 1966-70 . . . 63

28. Average hearing levels in tha better ear at each tast frequency among youths agad 12-17 years with and without

youth-reported earaches, by age and sax, with standard errors for total averages: United States, 1966-70 . . . . . . 65

29. Average hearing levals in the batter ear at each test frequency among youths aged 12-17 years with and without

youth-reported ear injury, by age and sex, with standard errors for total averages: United States, 1966-70 . . . . . 67

30. Average hearing levels in the better ear at each test frequency among youths aged 12-17 years with and without

youth-reported other ear trouble, by age and sax, with standard errors for total averages: United States, 1966-70 . . 69

31. Average hearing Ievals at each tast fraquency among youths aged 12-17 years with normal and abnormal conditions

of the right and left external ear, by age and sex, with standard errors for total averages: United States, 1856-70 . . 71

32. Average hearing levels in the right aar at each test frequency among youths aged 12-17 years with normal and

abnormal conditions of the right and left auditory canal, by age and sex, with standard errors for total averages:

United States, 1966-70 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

33. Average hearing levels ateachtest frequency among youths aged 12-17 years with partial orcomplete occlusion of

the right and lefiaudito~ canal, byage, sex, anddegree ofocclusion, with ~andard errors fortotalaveragex United

States,1966-70 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

34. Average hearing levels in the right ear at each test fraquency among youths aged 12-17 years with normal and

abnormal conditions of the right drum, by age and sex, with standard errors for total averages: United States,

1966-70 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77

35. Average hearing levels ateach test frequency among youths aged 12-17 years, by mobility of thedrumof the right

andleft ear, age, andsex, with standard errors fortotalaveragax United States, 1966-70 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79

36. Average hearing Ievelsin theright andleft earateach temfrequency among youths aged 12-17 years with bulging or

retracted drum, byageand sex, with standard errors fortotal averages: United States, 1966-70 . . . . . . . . . . . 81

37. Average hearing levels in the right and left ear at each test frequency among youths aged 12-17 years with

discoloration of thedrum inthetest ear, bydrumcolor, age, andsex, with standard errors fortotalavaragex Unitad

States,1966-70 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83

26
LIST OF DETAILED TABLES–Con.

Table 38. Average hearing levels in the right and left ear at each test frequency among youths aged 12-17 years with a

perforated drum in the test ear, with and without discharge, by age and sex, with standard errors for total averages:

United States, 1966-70, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

39. Average hearing levels inthe right and left earateach test frequency among youths aged 12-17years with a scarred

drum inthetest ear, byageand sex, with standard errors fortotaI averages: United States, 1966-70 . . . . . . . .

40. Average hearing Ievelsin the better earateach test frequency among youths aged 12-17 years, bycondition of the

oral pharynx, age, andsex, with standard errors fortotal averages: United States, 1966-70 . . . . . . . . . . . . .

41. Average hearing levels in the better ear at each test frequency among youths aged 12-17 yeare, by condition of

tonsils, age, andsex, with standard errors fortotal averages: United States, 1966-70 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

42. Average hearing levels in the right and Ieft ear among youths aged 12-17 years, by condition of the nasal passages,

age, andsex, with standard errors fortotal averages: United States, 1966-70 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

43. Average hearing levels inthe right and left earamong youths aged 12-17years, byobstruction of the nasal passages,

age, andsax, with standard errors fortotalaveragas: United Statas,1966-70 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . .

44. Prevalence of selected otoscopic findings inoneor both ears andtheaverage hearing levelsat 1000 and4000Hz

among youths aged 12-17years, with standard errors fortotal averages: United States, 1966-70 . . . . . . . . . . .

45. Prevalence rates of selected events in the medical history that may reassociated with hearing impairment among

examinees in both the Health Examination Surveys of 1963 -65 and 1966-70, byageat examination in 1966-70 and

sex, withstandard errors for total rates: United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

46. Prevalence rates of selected ear, nose, andthroat abnormalities among examiners in both the Health Examination

Surveys of 1963-65 and 1966-70, by age at examination in 1966-70 andsex, with standard errors for total rate=

United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

47. Mean hearing levels at eight test frequencies and estimates for speech among examinees in both the Health

Examination Surveys’of 1963-65 and 1966-70, by age at examination in 1966-70 and sex: United States . . . . . .

Page

85

87

88

89

92

94

96

97

98

99

27
Table 1. Prevalence rates of parent-reported madical history that may be associated with hearing impairment among youths aged 12-17

years, by age and sex, with standard errors for total rates: United States, 1966-70

r 1 I I I 1

Trouble

Earaches Injury Drum Other Running Other

in past ear

hearing to ears

ear

year

perforated ears

operation trouble

Age and sex

1 1 I 1 I 1

Both sexes Rate per 100 youths

Total, 12-17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Boys

Total, 12-17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

!6years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Girls

Total, 12-17years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Standard error

Total, 12-17years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Boys, 12-17years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Giris,12-17years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3,7 15.1 3.6 3.0 0.9 9.4 3.6

3.0

2.9

4.6

4.4

3.1

4.1

19.2

13.9

15.5

16.0

13.5

12.1

3.2

3.2

3.7

3.4

3.2

4.5

3.7

3.1

2.9

3.4

3.1

2.4

3.4

3.2

0.9

0.3

1.5

0.6

0.5

1.6

1.0

9.7

9.3

10.4

9.8

8.2

8.6

9.1

4.2

3.6

3.4

3.7

3.9

2.6

3.7 11.7 3.4

3.3

3.3

3.8

4.3

2.8

14.5

11.7

11.8

13.6

8.8

2.7

3.9

3.9

3.6

3.2

5.3

3.4

2.9

3.5

4.2

3.4

1.9

3.4

2.9

1.0

0.4

1.8

0.7

0.2

1.9

0.8

10.2

9.2

10.1

8.7

6.4

10.0

9.6

4.4

3.4

3.0

3,5

3.6

2.3

3.8

4.5

3.7

9.2

18.6

2.6

2.5

5.3

4.5

23.9

16.2

19.2

18.4

3.8

2.5

3.5

3.2

3.3

3.8

0.28

3.3

2.2

2.6

2.9

2.8

3.4

0.35

0.9

0.1

1.3

0.5

0.8

1.3

0.16

9.2

9.4

10.7

10.8

10.0

7.2

0.53

4.0

3.8

3.8

4.0

4.1

3.0

0.22

3.4

3.8

18.3

15.0

=4==

_&u 0.36

0.39

0.52

0.33

0.22

0.18

0.95

0.64

0.28

0.43

28
Table2. Prevalence rates of parant-reported history of trouble hearing andother earproblems among youths aged 12-17 years, by

race, age, andsex, with total standard errors: United States, 1966-70

Medical history item and race

Trouble hearing

White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Negro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Earaches

White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Negro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Running ears

White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Negro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ear injury

white .O O, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Negro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Drum opened

White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Negro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other aar oDeration

White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Negro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other ear trouble

White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Negro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Rate per 100 youths

3.~

4.7

15.3

13.8

1O.c

5.3

3.8

1.9

3.3

1.2

1.0

0.6

3.8

2.0

2.8

3.7

!0.0

3.6

0.6

4.0

3.6

1.3

3.5

0.8

0.7

2.2

4.4

3.6

—

2.7

4.3

14.8

8.5

10.1

4.4

3.4

2.2

3.2

0.6

0.3

3.6

3.5

—

4.2

7.2

15.2

17.1

11.1

6.2

4.0

1.7

3.6

2.4

1.8

3.6

2.1

—

4.1

5.8

16.4

13.6

I0.4

5.0

3.5

2.7

3.6

0.7

3.9

1.2

—

2.9

4.6

I3.0

17.1

8.4

6.6

3.5

1.4

2.5

1.6

0.4

0.7

4.4

0.6

4.3

2.3

I2.0

I3.0

9.2

5.5

4.8

2.2

3.6

1.9

1.8

0.5

3.0

0.6

Boys

12-17

years

3.5

4.9

11.8

10.6

9.8

5.2

3.9

2.3

3.5

1.4

1.0

0.6

3.5

2.4

Girls

12-17

years

3.5

4.5

18.9

16.8

10.2

5.4

3.7

1.5

3.2

1.1

0.9

0.5

4.1

1.6

ZIEzE

Standard error in percent

0.32

0.47

0.84

1.99

0.62

0.71

0.31

0.43

0.41

0.45

0.18

0.38

0.26

0.49

0.33

0.78

0.75

2.03

1.09

1.23

0.42

0.58

0.58

0.70

0.24

0.42

0.28

0.88

0.49

0.72

1.09

2.46

0.69

0.83

0.43

0.64

0.38

0.42

0.21

0.45

0.48

0.47

29
Table3. Prevalence rates of parent-reported history of trouble hearing andother ear problems among youths aged 12-17 years, by

region, age, andsex, with total standard errors: United States, 1966-70

Medicel history item and region

Trouble hearing

Northeast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Midwest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

South . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

West . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Earaches

Northeast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Midwest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

South . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

West . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Running ears

Northeast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Midwest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

South . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

West . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ear injury

Northeast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Midwest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

South . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

West . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Drum opened

Northeast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Midwest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

South . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

West . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other ear trouble

Northeast, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Midwest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

South . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

West . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ages Age in years Boys Girls

12-17 ,2 ,3 ,4 ,5 ,6 ,7 12-17 12-17

years years

Rate per 100 youths

2.4

3.2

5.6

3.5

13.2

14.6

16.9

15.6

8.5

11.2

8.6

8.6

2.8

3.6

3.2

4.5

2.8

2.8

1.9

4.5

3.5

3.9

3.5

3.4

2.1

3.3

5.2

1.5

0.0

8.5

9.6

8.7

8.5

1.6

1.8

6.8

3.1

3.2

3.4

3.4

2.1

5.0

2.4

2.4

3.7

4.5

5.6

3.2

—

2.3

2,7

5.6

1.4

12.7

14.1

14.2

4.6

7.9

3.6

6.7

7.8

2.6

3.9

3.6

2.6

2.3

1.8

3.4

4.1

4.7

2.3

3.4

4.3

—

2.8

4.4

5.5

5.5

12.3

12.3

?0.4

17.1

‘1.9

8.6

10.2

11.2

3.4

3.3

2.6

5.5

3.0

3.4

1.4

5.6

4.4

3.1

2.9

3.2

1.9

4.5

7.3

3.6

2.7

6.5

7.6

6.6

7.4

5.2

7.2

8.3

2.7

4.6

3.0

3.2

2.2

2.4

1.2

6.6

3.3

4.1

2.5

4.9

—

2.0

2.2

3.5

4.6

1.3

2.4

5.4

4.6

9.2

0.4

7.9

5.2

2.5

3.5

3.1

3.7

3.4

2.1

1.3

3.0

3.5

6.1

2.8

2.7

—

3.4

2.2

6.6

4.6

8.8

13.5

13.6

11.8

5.6

7.4

8.1

12.9

2.5

2.8

3.9

8.8

4.2

2.2

2.0

5.4

0.8

3.3

4.2

2.1

2.4

2,7

5.5

4.2

9.6

11.6

12.8

12.6

8.7

10.9

8.5

8.0

3.5

3.0

3.9

4.5

2.8

2.7

2.2

5.1

3.4

3.3

2,9

4.0

2.4

3.8

5.8

2.8

16.9

17.7

21.1

18.8

8.2

11.5

8.8

9.3

2.1

4.1

2.5

4.4

2.8

3.0

1.7

3.9

3.6

4.5

4.2

2.8

Standard error in percent

0.30

0.46

0.56

0.57

1.70

2.30

1.46

0.85

0.97

1.35

1.01

0.97

0.45

0.62

0.50

0.70

0.62

0.49

0.30

! .22

0.36

0.32

0.42

0.45

0.58

0.49

0.60

0.49

1.66

2.27

1.82

1.27

1.64

2.67

1.67

0.65

0.78

0.80

0.59

0.72

0.71

0.66

0.52

1.88

0.55

0.20

0.46

0.89

0.49

0.82

0.57

0,92

2.06

2,53

1.99

1.28

1.24

1.38

0.83

1.78

0.40

0.83

0.60

1.23

0.82

0.52

0.18

0.99

0.87

0.69

0.64

0.63

30
Table4. Prevalence rates of parant-reported history of trouble haaring andother earproblems among youths aged 12-17 years, by

urban and rural area of residence, age, andsax, with total standard arrors: United States, 1966-70

Ages

12-17

Boys

12-17

years

Girls

12-17

years

Medical history item and

area of residence

Trouble hearirw Rate per 100 youths I Standard error in percant

1

3.2 0.30

4.6 0.53

18.4 1.01

18.8 1.00

9.0 0.48

10.6 0.99

Urban . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Rural, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3.4

4.1

14.7

15.8

8.4

11.0

2.7

3.4

15.4

11.4

8.7

10.3

4.7

4.4

4.4

4.4

2.3

4.4

13.2

14.0

8.2

8.0

4.0

4.4

11.0

I4.0

8.5

8.9

3.7

3.6

11.0

12.9

7.8

11.3

0.41

0.65

0.95

0.98

0.81

1.69

0.42

0.70

1.37

1.28

0.85

0.86

2.7

3.5

18.4

20.5

8.6

11.6

Earaches

Urban . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Rural . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13.7

18.5

16.1

15.7

Running ears

Urban . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Rural . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7.4

15.5

9.0

11.1

Tabla5. Pravalenca rates of parent-reportad history oftrouble haaflng andother earproblems among youthsagd 12-17 years, by

income, age, andsex, with total standard errors: United States, 1966-70

Ages Age in years Boys Girls

12-17 ,2 ,3 ,4 ,5 ,6 ,7

12-17 12-17

years years EIE!Ei

Standard error in percent

Medical history item and income

Trouble hearing

Lessthan$3,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$=,000-$4,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$5,000-$6,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$7,000-$9,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$10,000-$14,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$15,0000rmore . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Earaches

Lessthan$3,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$3,000-$4,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$5,000-$6,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$7,000.$9,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$10,000$14,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$15,0000rmore . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Running ears

Lessthan $3,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$3,000-$4,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$5,000-$6,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$7,000-$9,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$10,000-$14,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$15,0000rmore . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Rate per 100 youths

6.7

3.9

3.5

3.7

2.3

1.4

18.9

16.2

14.4

16.6

13.4

11.8

10.6

9.4

8.8

9.8

8.5

8.8

5.6

2.1

3.8

2.7

2.1

17.6

11.8

9.3

I 7.9

14.3

11.5

7.1

7.3

8.8

12.3

7.1

12.7

7.2

4.9

5.1

2.6

5.0

1.8

!2.0

8.6

6.3

6.4

1.0

4.9

3.8

3.0

9.3

9.2

8.5

8.2

—

7.9

2.8

4.4

5.4

1.5

1.3

17.3

5.7

18.5

7.5

3.9

8.0

4.0

6.2

3.5

9.0

8.3

8.9

—

5.3

2.7

2.6

3.2

1.7

2.4

15.6

17.1

15.2

10.8

5.7

9.4

9.6

6.7

7.6

7.4

8.3

6.6

7.0

8.7

2.0

3.8

3.1

2.3

5.0

6.4

9.2

1.2

9.1

2.4

9.9

9.8

5.6

9.4

8.0

8.5

—

6.4

3.2

4.3

4.2

1.8

1.1

15.4

12.4

11.1

12.8

10.6

9.0

9.3

8.1

9.1

10.4

7.1

9.7

7.0

4.7

2.8

3.1

2.9

1.8

22.0

20.1

17.5

20.9

16.1

14.9

11.8

10.6

8.6

9.0

9.9

7.7

0.55

0.83

0.58

0.65

0.54

0.42

1.75

1.49

1.20

1.04

1.51

2.31

1.49

1.25

0.95

1.11

0.90

1.29

1.03

0.72

0.95

0.74

0.53

0.52

1.59

1.65

1.58

0.95

1.39

2.45

1.38

1.37

1.28

1.69

1.65

1.66

1.10

1.41

0.80

0.74

1.06

0.65

2.81

1.62

2.17

1.69

1.99

2.73

2.10

1.70

1.21

1.17

2.14

1.79

7.1

2.9

2.9

4.4

0.6

0.6

:6.2

7.8

7.5

!3.2

6.3

4.5

9.4

2.4

8.0

0.8

0.7

7.8

—

31
Table6. Prevalence rates of parent-reported history of trouble hearing andother earproblams among youths aged 12-17 years, by

education of parent, age, andsex, with total standard errors: United States, 1966-70

Medical history item and

education of parent

Trouble hearina

Lessthan 5 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5-n years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12years or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Earaches

Lessthan 5 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5-n years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12years or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Running ears

Lessthan 5 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5-n years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12years or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ages

Age in years Boys Girls

12-17 ,2 ,3 ,4 ,5 ,6 ,7

12-17 12-17

years years

7.2

4.1

2.9

18.3

15.7

14.0

9.6

9.1

9.7

9.6

3.9

1.4

18.0

20.1

18.6

11.0

8.4

10.8

—

5.1

3.1

2.6

4.9

4.2

3.6

6.4

8.6

0.4

—

Rate per 100 youths

6.6

5.4

3.9

18.6

18.8

13.1

14.8

10.6

10.0

—

10.6

4.6

3.6

22.4

16.7

14.3

4.6

9.9

10.2

2.7

4.0

2.5

13.7

12.8

13.8

4.3

10.0

7.8

9.2

3.9

3.5

23.6

11.3

10.1

17.2

7.2

8.6

7.2

3.9

3.1

17.3

10.7

11.9

8.4

8.6

9.8

7.2

4.4

2.7

19.2

20.8

16.4

10.7

9.6

9.6

Total

12-17

years

Boys

12-17

years

Girls

12-17

years

Standard error in percent

1.74

0.46

0.39

3.74

0.70

1.15

1.71

0.77

0.78

1.65

0.65

0.39

3.23

0.72

1.19

1.46

1.09

1.36

2.50

0.59

0.59

4.90

1.09

1.44

3.08

0.81

1.11

32
Table7. Prevalence rates ofyouth-repoRed medical histo~that may reassociated with hearing impairment among youths aged l2-l7

years, byageand sex, with standard errors fortotal rates: United States, 1966-70

Age and sex

Both saxes

Total, 12-17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

,Boys

Total, 12-17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16 years .,, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17years .m. , . . . . . . ..c... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Girls

Total, 12.17 years, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17 years, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Standard error

Total, 12-17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Boys, 12-17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Girls, 12.17 years, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Rate per 100 youths

4.9

3.7

4.4

5.9

5.4

4.9

5.5

4.9

4.2

4.3

6.1

4.9

4.4

5.7

5.0

3.2

4.6

5.7

5.8

5.5

5.3

0.23

0.36

0.38

20.4

23.8

22.2

20.8

20.3

18.7

16.2

17.6

20.5

21.6

19.4

16.9

14.6

11.6

23.3

27.2

22.7

22.2

23.9

22.9

20.8

0.56

0.69

0.78

4.7

4.6

4.7

5.4

4.3

4.4

4.6

4.8

4.9

4.8

4.9

4.8

4.4

5.0

4.5

4.3

4.6

5.9

3.8

4.4

4.2

0.32

0.44

0.41

8.0

7.6

6.2

7.6

8.5

9.2

8.9

8.3

8.4

6.3

9.1

7.8

8.1

10.4

7.6

6.8

6.0

6.0

9.3

10.4

7.4

0.50

0.58

0.63

33
Table8. Prevalence rates ofparent-repomed andyouth-repotied histowoftrouble hearing andearproblems among youths aged l2-l7

years: United States, 1966-70

History of abnormality–

parents’ report

Tota I preva Ience rate

(youths’ report) . . . . .

Hearing trouble

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Earaches in past year

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Injury to ear

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Drum opened

Yes, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other ear operation

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Running ears

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other ear trouble

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Standard error for abnormal

findings (youths’ report) . . . .

Total

prevalence

rate

(parents’

report)

3.7

96.3

15.1

84.9

3.6

96.4

3.0

97.0

0.9

99.1

9.4

90.6

3.6

96.4

II History of abnormality–youths’ report

Trouble

hearing

z

4.9

46.1

53.9

33.1

66.9

20.6

79.4

12.2

87.8

3.9

96.1

32.7

67.3

9.9

90.1

0.23

95.1

Rate per 100 youths

1.6

98.5

14.1

85.9

2.6

97.4

2.6

97.4

0.8

99.2

8.1

91.9

3.3

96.7

20.4

8.1

91.9

44.8

55.2

5.9

94.1

5.1

94.9

1.2

98.8

17.3

82.7

7.3

92.7

0.56

79.6

2.5

97.5

7.4

92.6

2.9

97.1

2.5

97.5

0.8

99.2

7.3

92.7

2.6

97.4

4.7

22.6

77.4

29.2

70.8

45.9

54.1

22.0

78.0

6.2

93.8

39.1

60.9

11.1

88.9

0.32

95.3

2.5

97.5

14.3

85.7

1.3

98.7

2.1

97.9

0.6

99.4

7.5

92.5

3.3

96.7

Other ear

trouble

Yes ] NO

8.o

13.9

86.1

31.2

68.8

11.4

88.6

15.2

84.8

6.1

93.9

33.9

66.1

18.1

81.9

0.50

32.0

2.8

97.2

I3,7

36.3

2.8

97.2

2.0

18.0

0.5

39.5

7.2

32.8

2.3

97.7

Standard error

forabnormal

findings

(parents’ report)

0.28

0.80

0.28

0.35

0.16

0.53

0.22

34
Table9. Prevalence rates ofyouth-reported histo~of trouble heering andother aarproblems among youths aged 12-17years, by race,

Medical history item and race

age, andsex, with total standard errors: United States, 1966-70

Troubla hearing

●

White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Negro ..,,.,.........,,,. . .

Earaches

White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Negro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ear injury

White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Negro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other ear trouble

White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Negro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ages

Age in years Boys Girls

12-17 ,2 ,3 ,4 ,5 ,6 ,7

12-17 12-17

years years

4.8

5.5

20.6

19.5

4.8

3.7

8.6

3.8

3.9 4.3

2.5 5.5

5.1 22.1

5.7 22.7

4.7 4.6

4.2 5.4

B.2 7.0

4.2 1.2

Rate per 100 youths

5.3 4.5 5.3 5.7

9.0 10.0 1.8 4.3

20.6 20.4 18.9 16.0

21.8 21.3 18.0 17.5

5.6 4.5 4.5 4.6

2.7 2.7 3.B 3.1

7.9 8.9 10.3 9.7

5.6 5.3 2.4 4.3

4.8

5.5

17.8

16.8

4.9

3.5

9.0

4.5

4.8

5.4

23.6

22.2

4.7

3.8

8.3

3.2

ZEEE

Standard error

0.25

0.43

0.61

0.98

0.37

0.61

0.57

0.59

0.38

0.78

0.74

1.21

0.50

0.42

0.65

1.00

percent

0.43

0.75

0.86

1.75

0.48

1.07

0.73

0.91

35
Table lO. Prevalence rates of ear, nose, andthroat abnormalities found on examination among youths aged 12-17 years, by age and

sex, with standard errors for total rates: United States, 1966-70

-

lb norms Iities

)f external ear

Abnormalities of

auditory canal

T

Drum

transparent

=1’=

Age and sex

Right I Left

Both sexes

Total, 12-17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16 years . . . . . . . . ...’..... . . . . . . . . .

17years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Boys

Total, 12-17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Girls

Rate per 100 youths

11.7

13.4

11.6

10.9

12.8

10.4

10.7

11.6

10.3

11.3

12.8

13.2

10.8

11.4

11.7

11.2

11.1

10.0

12.0

12.0

10.5

11.8

11.5

11.1

11.3

9.7

11.2

12.3

10.8

11.5

10.8

4.3

4.2

3.7

4.9

5.2

3.9

3.8

4.4

0.8

0.8

0.9

0.9

1.0

0.4

0.6

0.6

11.6

12.8

11.7

10.5

12.5

11.8

9.7

11.3

0.4

0.5

0.2

0.3

0.2

0.4

0.7

0.5

0.5

~

0.7

0.2

0,7

0.4

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.9

0.8

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.0

0.6

0.7

0.6

0.3

1.1

1.0

0.5

0.5

1.1

4.4

4.3

3.5

5.4

5.2

3.9

4.1

4.3

0.6

0.5

1.0

0.4

0.1

0.7

1.0

10.6

11.4

11.6

12.2

12.0

10.2

11.8

11.7

11.2

12.0

11.8

10.7

11.6

10.9

11.7

9.2

10.8

11.8

10.1

11.8

11.4

4.5

4.4

4.0

5.1

3.9

4.4

4.2

5.0

3.6

4.9

4.4

4.3

3.4

4.5

3.6

3.3

5.8

6.0

3.6

4.9

0.80

0.7

0.3

0.6

0.3

0.2

0.7

0.3

0.7

0.3

0.8

0.5

0.2

0.4

Total, 12-17years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.4

12 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Standard error

Total, 12-17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Boysr12-17years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Girls, 12-17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1.0

1.2

0.8

1.6

0.6

0.4

0.13

1.0

1.4

0.8

1.3

1.5

0.8

0.13

15.2

12,0

9.4

12.9

11.5

9.2

0.66

16.6

12.0

9.0

12.4

10.0

10.0

0.64

10.5

8.8

12.0

12.1

10.3

12.0

1.66

10.9

10.2

11.6

12.9

11.6

11.3

1.56

3.9

2.9

5.9

5.4

3.8

3.3

0.81

0.4

0.2

0,5

0.7

0.28

0.6

0.2

0.6

0.2

0.5

0.5

0.32

0.16

0.17

0.16

0.23

0.78

0.77

0.61

0.92

1.79

1.63

1.52

1.73

0.88

0.82

0.87

0.81

0.33

0.24

0.32

0.34

36
Table IO. Prevalence rates of ear, nose, andthroat abnormalities found onexemination among youths agad 12-17 years, by age and

sex, with standard errors for total ratas: United States, 1966-70—Con.

Age and sex

.

Both sexes Rate per 100 youths

Total, 12-17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 0.6

~

1.6

2.5

3.2

2.6

1.8

2.4

2.4

2.5 0.8 1.0 0.8 3.5 3.3

12 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13 yaars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14yaars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1.9

2.0

3.0

3.1

2.9

2.1

2.3

0.6

0.6

1.0

0.5

0.6

1.2

0.7

0.9

0.7

1.0

0.4

0.6

1.0

0.8

1.2

1.2

1.2

0.5

0.9

0.8

1.2

1.2

0.5

0.8

0.6

0.7

0.7

1.0

3.2

2.7

4.1

3.7

3.9

3.7

3.9

3.2

2.8

3.1

4.1

2.9

3.9

3.4

2.6

2.4

3.3

4.7

3.3

4.2

3.2

Boys

Total, 12-17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1.7

2.3

3.4

2.6

2.2

2.0

2.4

2.1

1.7

2.6

2.6

2.7

1.8

2.7

0.5

0.6

0.8

0.6

1.0

0.9

0.8

1.2

0.5

0.4

0.4

0.9

1.2

0.8

1.5

1.4

1.4

0.3

1.4

1.2

0.7

2.0

0.8

0.7

0.6

1.1

0.9

0.5

2.9

3.4

4.5

4.2

4.2

4.3

3.1

Girls

Total, 12-17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12 years, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1.6

2.8

3.0

2.6

1.5

2.9

0.58

1.8

2.4

3.3

3.6

3.1

2.4

0.53

0.7

0.6

1.3

0.4

0.2

1.5

0.16

0.6

0.9

1.5

0.4

0.4

0.8

0.17

0.8

1.0

1.0

0.8

0.4

0.4

0.28

0.4

0.2

0.9

0.8

0.4

0.6

0.17

3.4

1.9

3.7

3.2

3.5

3.1

1.29

3.8

3.2

2.8

3.5

2.5

3.6

1.26

Standard error

Total, 12-17years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Boys, 12-17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Girls, 12-17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

0.53

0.68

0.49

0.68

0.20

0.17

0.17

0.23

0.40

0.23

D.31

0.15

1.44

1.18

1.22

1.33

37
Table lO. Prevalence rates of ear, nose, andthroat abnormalities found on examination among youths aged 12-17 years, by age and

sex, with standard errors for total rates: United States, 1966-70—Con.

Fluid on

I

Calcium

drum I

Tonsils

plaques

Age and sex

Right Left Rig ht Left

Not

Tags Grade I Grade I I

visible

Grade Ill

Both sexes

Total, 12-17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Bovs

Rate per 100 youths

0.2 0.3 1.8 1.9 28.4 9.9 33.6 27.9 0.2

0.1

0.4

0.1

0.3

0.1

0.2

0.1

0.5

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.3

0.3

0.4

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.2

0.4

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.9

1.7

2.0

1.9

2.2

1.7

2.0

1.8

2.0

1.8

1.7

26.2

24.9

27.3

30.5

30.1

32.2

28.5

8.2

10.2

9.1

11.4

12.0

8.7

10.6

32.2

32.9

33.6

32.0

35.9

35.2

32.8

33.3

31.6

29.9

25.8

22.0

23.9

Total, 12-17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.0

12years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .

Girls

Total, 12-17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Standard error

Total, 12-17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8oys,12-17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Girk.,12-17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

0.2

0.1

0.7

0.2

0.4

0.2

0.6

0.8

0.2

0.2

0.4

0.2

0.2

1.7

2.1

1.8

2.3

1.8

1.6

1.7

1.9

1.7

1.8

1.7

1.5

1.7

2.1

26.8

26.9

29.1

31.0

26.2

31.6

28.3

10.1

‘10.2

10.3

12.0

12.5

8.2

9.2

30.9

30.2

31.7

31.0

38.3

35.6

34.4

32.1

32.6

28.9

25.8

23.0

24.6

27.9

0.1

0.1

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.1

0.08

2.0

1.2

1.6

1.4

1.6

2.3

0.36

2.5

1.7

2.2

1.8

2.6

1.9

0.34

25.6

22.9

25.5

30.0

34.1

32.8

1.88

6.2

10.2

7.8

10.8

11.5

9.2

1.24

33.5

35.8

35.5

33.2

33.5

34.7

2.54

34.5

30.5

31.0

25.7

20.9

23.3

2.18

0.2

0.6

0.2

0.3

0.07

0.6

0.4

0.2

0.12

0.12

0.08

0.17

0.14

0.35

0.44

0.30

0.52

1.87

2.05

1.47

1.07

2.31

2.88

2.51

2.07

0.05

0.11

38
Table IO. Prevalence rates of ear, nOse, andthrOat abnormalities found onexamination among youths aged 12-17 years, by ageand

sex, with standard errors for total rates: Unitad States, 1966-70—Con.

Age and sex

Abnormality Abnormality Right ear occluded Left ear occluded of nose of oral

pharynx

Right Left Total Partly Completely Total Partly Completely

Both sexes Rate per 100 youths

Total, 12-17 yaars . . . .

12 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14years, . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Boys

Total,12-17years . . . .

12years, . . . . . . . ..m . . . .

13 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15years m. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Girls

Total, 12-17 years . . . .

12years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15years m. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Standard error

Total,12-17years . . . .

Boys,12-17years . . . . . . . . .

GM.,12-17years . . . . . . . . .

6.6 8.0 8.0 11.2 5.1 6.2 11.4 5.6 5.8

5.9

5.8

5.4

6.8

5.0

6.0

6.3

6.2

7.6

5.4

6.4

6.5

7.7

7.1

7.8

8.0

8.3

7.7

8.0

8.3

9.6

7.5

7.9

7.7

8.2

8.6

8.2

9.4

12.7

11.5

9.8

12.3

11.4

9.5

10.9

5.8

5.6

4.4

6.0

5.0

3.6

4.5

6.9

5.9

5.4

6.3

6.4

6.0

6.4

13.1

11.4

10.6

12.6

10.1

10.4

11.2

7.1

5.6

5.2

5.9

5.0

4.4

4.9

5.8

7.0

5.5

6.3

9.4

8.6

6.2

8.2

8.8

10.3

9.5

10.6

10.1

6.4

8.5

8.2

8.4

10.5

11.4

10.0

6.6

10.4

11.1

10.9

11.7

11.2

10.1

11.6

3.9

5.4

3.8

5.8

4.7

3.5

5.6

6.5

5.7

7.1

5.9

6.5

6.5

5.9

10.0

11.0

12.4

13.0

10.1

10.7

11.6

4.1

5.0

6.6

5.4

3.7

4.4

6.3

5.9

5.9

5.8

7.7

6.4

6.2

5.3

6.0

5.6

5.0

5.8

3.6

5.7

0.57

6.7

8.2

5.3

6.5

3.4

6.7

1.14

7.3

7.2

6.3

5.9

5.4

6.5

1.16

6.4

7.7

7.0

5.9

5.8

6.4

1.24

16.1

11.8

8.7

12.9

11.5

9.0

0.63

7.8

5.7

5.1

6.1

5.2

3.6

0.51

7.3

6.1

3.7

6.8

6.3

5.4

0.58

16.3

11.8

8.7

12.2

10.0

10.0

0.62

10.3

6.2

3.7

6.4

6.4

4.3

0.58

1.15

1.17

1.39

1.02

1.39

1.19

0.74

0.77

0.49

0.62

0.78

0.55

0.60

0.91

0.54

0.79

0.44

0.82

39
Table Il. Prevalence rates of abnormal conditions found on examination of tberigbt eordmmamong youtbsagf?d 12-17 yoaIzbY

mce. age. and sex, witfr total standard errors: United S- 1866-70

Ages

12-17

Age in Boys

12-17

years

Girk

12-17

years

Total

12-17

yeals

Boys I

Girls

12-17 12-17

years years

Condition of right drum and taca +-k 15116117

Abnormal Rate per 100 youths Standard error in percent

2.3

7.3

2.6

1.5

1.4

4.0

5.8

7.3

12.2

5.7

2.5

1.2

2.0

2.5

5.6

11.2

11.5

7.3

2.4

2.0

1.7

12

5.8

6.6

1.79

2.00

0.59

1.08

0.35

0.80

0.59

1.37

1.97

2.06

1.70

2.30

White 119 1s

6.3

1.8

0.7

1.7

1.2

6.7

8.7

—

2.8

7.0

3.5

1.2

2.1

3.6

5.1

7.3

—

2.6

6S

2.4

3.2

2.2

1.6

5.3

11.3

—

1.2

5.6

1.8

2.3

2.0

2.8

5.6

11.5

—

10.6

6.2

2.7

1.2

1.9

5.4

7.6

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Negro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.5

2.5

1.6

1.9

2.2

5.7

89

Bulging or retracted

0.!56

0.73

0.68

1.49

white . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Negro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Not mobile

0.35

0.85

0.47

0.94

white . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -----

Negro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Completely occluded

0.77

1.92

0.62

1.15

White

Negro

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . -------

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ----- .

40
Table 12. Prevalence rates of abnormal conditions found on examination of the right eardrum among youths aged 12-17 years, by

region, age, and sex, with total standard errors: United States, 1966-70

Condition of right drum

and region

Abnormal

Northeast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Midwast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

South . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

West . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Bulging or retracted

Northeast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Midwest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

South . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

West . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Not mobile

Northeast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Midwest, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

South . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

West . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Completely occluded

Northeast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Midwest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

South . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

West . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ages

Age in years Boys Girls

12-17 ,2 ,3 ,4 ,5 ,6 ,7 12-17 12-17

years years

Rate per 100 youths

10.0

7.8

9.8

17.3

0.9

2.1

2.7

3.6

0.5

2.2

2.9

2.0

5.9

7.0

5.9

5.7

9.7

8.2

0.5

6.2

0.4

0.9

1.4

3.9

0.3

0.4

4.5

1.7

5.6

B.2

6.6

6.9

—

11.9

6.6

6.8

15.2

0.6

2.1

2.6

4.8

1.0

3.0

2.4

4.8

4.6

7.6

6.9

11.3

8.6

11.0

17.1

1.4

3.0

4.1

4.1

1.2

1.5

3.8

2.7

5.5

7.0

5.6

3.5

—

7.6

9.6

12.3

17.7

0..4

2.3

4.1

3.1

3.2

2.3

2.6

8.7

7.1

4.1

5.8

—

8.9

6.7

5.7

20.0

1.4

1.3

1.B

2.9

2.9

2.9

2.0

6.4

6.8

6.3

6.0

10.4

6.9

12.2

17.8

1.3

3.2

2.2

2.8

2.3

1.6

2.6

4.8

8.4

5.0

5.0

10.8

7.5

10.1

17.8

1.0

2.4

2.3

3.6

0.8

2.8

2.8

1.7

6.1

7.5

6.3

5.4

9.3

8.0

9.6

16.9

0.8

1.8

3.2

3.6

0.2

1.5

3.1

2.2

5.7

6.4

5.4

6.0

Tota I

12-17

years

Boys

12-17

years

Standard error

1.03

2.17

2.98

5.51

0.49

0.50

1.79

1.31

0.21

0.74

1.18

0.39

0.53

1.90

0.80

1.14

1.51

2.11

2.80

6.39

0.49

0.70

1.44

1.32

0.41

0.76

1.11

0.54

0.98

2.25

1.24

1.49

Girls

12-17

years

percent

1.06

2.35

3.25

4.73

0.54

0.54

2.16

1.47

0.15

0.99

1.29

0.65

0.48

1.84

0.71

1.14

41
Table 13. Prevalence rates of abnormal conditions found on examination of theright eardrum among youths aged 12-17 years, by

urban andrural place of residence, age, andsex, with total standard errors: United States, 1966-70

Condition of right drum

and area of residence

Abnormal

Urban . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Rural . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Bulging or retracted

Urban . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Rural . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Not mobile

Urban . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Rural . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Completely occluded

Urban . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Rural . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Rate per 100 youths

9.8

13.8

2.0

3.0

1.7

2.2

5.8

6.7

9.2

4.6

1.8

1.4

1.1

2.5

6.3

7.9

—

I0.0

9.9

2.7

2.2

1.9

1.3

5.2

7.2

9.4

6.5

2.2

4.8

2.3

2.2

4.7

6.7

—

9.8

15.6

1.4

4.6

1.3

3.6

6.7

5.7

9.0

3.0

1.6

2.2

1.6

2.8

6.4

6.4

1.4

2.6

2.3

2.7

2.2

0.8

5.7

6.3

Boys

12-17

years

9.9

14.3

1.9

3.2

2.0

2.2

6.1

6.9

Girls

12-17

years

9.7

13.2

2.2

2.8

1.5

2.2

5.6

6.5

H

Standard error in percent

1.34

2.78

0.53

1.08

0.39

0.65

0.46

1.01

1.46

3.19

0.46

1.00

0.38

0.82

0.70

1.32

1.39

2.47

0.69

1.25

0.53

0.62

0.62

0.97

42
Table 14. Prevalence rates of abnormal conditions found on examination of theright eardrum among youths aged 12-17 years, by

family income, age, andsex, with total standard errors: United States, 1966-70

Condition of right drum and

annual family income

Abnormal

Lessthan $3,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$3,000$4,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$5,000-$6,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$7,000-$9,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$10,000414,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$15,0000 rmore . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Bulging or retracted

Lessthan $3,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$3,000-$4,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$5,000-$6,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$7,000$9,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$10,000 -$14,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$15,0000 rmore . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Not mobile

Lessthan $3,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$3,000-$4,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$5,000-$6,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$7,000-$9,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$10,000-$ 14,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$15,0000 rmOre . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Completely occluded

Lessthan $3,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$3,000-$4,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$5,000-$6,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$7,000-$9,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$10,000 -$14,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$15,0000 rmOre . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Age in years

Ages

Boys Girls

12-17 ,2 ,3 ,4 ,5 ,6 ,7

12-17 12-17

years years

Rate per 100 youths

14.7

13.4

9.3

10.1

10.0

10.9

4.1

3.0

1.9

2.3

1.6

2.4

3.9

2.6

1.4

1.6

1.2

1.4

6.7

7.0

7.6

5.1

6.3

3.6

15.5

11.2

7.4

10.2

10.6

15.2

0.8

4.1

0.6

1.8

0.7

2.7

4.5

3.9

0.6

1.0

8.0

5.4

1.9

5.9

7.0

2.6

—

I4.0

9.5

6.0

10.7

9.1

9.3

5.4

1.6

1.1

3.7

1.3

0.7

3.6

0.6

0.5

2.3

1.9

0.7

5.6

6.6

6.7

3.6

7.6

4.0

I 0.9

15.5

9.6

10.9

12.6

8.1

3.3

6.4

3.4

1.5

2.9

5.8

4.7

3.0

3.3

1.0

1.1

1.4

10.5

6.1

6.6

3.5

5.1

1.6

!0.4

4.8

3.0

7.2

0.4

8.9

5.9

2.7

2.0

1.6

2.5

0.7

5.0

1.5

0.7

2.2

2.1

0.8

6.5

0.1

8.6

7.0

4.8

2.6

—

2.3

3.6

3.2

0.0

7.4

0.9

2.9

1.5

3.7

1.9

0.9

0.8

3.2

3.6

2.4

2.1

1.3

1.2

6.1

8.2

9.0

4.5

5.6

6.7

—

4.1

!7.1

7.5

1.6

9.8

2.5

5.7

1.8

0.6

3.2

1.2

3.4

2.2

2.8

0.7

0.9

1.0

4.2

3.8

6.4

2.9

6.3

7.8

4.1

—

15.9

13.9

10.0

10.3

10.3

9.8

4.5

2.5

2.4

2.0

2.4

1.5

4.2

2.4

1.6

1.9

1.4

1.4

7.0

7.8

7.4

4.9

6.7

4.4

13.7

13.0

8.6

9.8

9.8

12.0

3.7

3.4

1.5

2.6

0.9

3.3

3.6

2.7

1.3

1.2

1.1

1.5

6.5

6.3

7.8

5.4

5.9

2.8

Total

12-17

yeers

Boys Girls

12-17 12-17

years years

Standard error in percent

4.00

3.00

1.59

1.44

1.75

2.36

2.23

1.31

0.64

0.73

0.37

0.87

1.52

0.64

0.42

0.43

0.36

0.63

0.70

1.33

1.35

1.03

1.06

0.38

4.70

3.72

1.93

1.64

1.61

2.20

2.46

0.89

0.74

0.59

0.62

0.97

1.52

0.68

0.59

0.46

0.64

0.45

1.07

1.76

1.70

0.96

1.37

0.72

3.54

2.85

1.49

1.78

2.30

3.13

2.22

1.97

0.67

1.24

0.42

1.15

1.65

0.98

0.65

0.62

0.52

1.06

0.67

1.31

1.38

1.21

1.36

0.54

43
Table 15, Prevalence rates of abnormal conditions found on examination of the right eardrum among youths agad 12-17 years. by

years of schooling completed by parent, age, and sex, with total stand~rd errors: United States, 1966-70

Condition of right

eardrum and education

of parent

Abnormal

Lessthan 5 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5-n years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12years or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Bulging or retracted

Less than5 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5-n years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12years ormore . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Not mobile

Lessthan 5 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5-n years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12years or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Completely occluded

Lessthan 5 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5-n years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12yaars ormore . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ages

Age in years Boys Girls

12-17 ,2 ,3 ,4 ,5 ,6 ,7

12-17 12-17

years years

Rate per 100 youths

17.9

10.8

10.5

4.4

2.5

2.0

3.1

2.0

1.6

8.5

7.4

4.8

‘4.2

6.8

2.3

6.1

1.0

1.5

9.0

1.4

0.7

9.6

8.5

5.6

—

12.6

9.2

10.1

2.3

2.9

1.3

1.6

1.8

13.5

6.3

4.3

!0.5

2.5

0.8

7.6

3.3

2.5

2.6

3.0

1.6

8.7

5.8

4.7

6.5

2.1

0.3

4.2

3.3

1.4

1.3

2.2

2.1

4.6

7.9

4.8

—

2.2

2.3

9.3

2.6

2.3

1.4

1.2

2.6

1.8

8.0

6.6

6.1

?1.8

11.9

I0.2

5.9

2.6

2.0

2.9

1.0

1.9

4.7

9.1

3.2

19.8

11.0

10.6

5.3

2.2

2.2

3.4

1.9

2.0

8.6

7.7

4.9

16.1

10.6

10.4

3.4

2.8

1.8

2.8

2.0

1.3

8.3

7.0

4.7

Total

12-17

years

Boys

12-17

years

Standard error

5.11

1.63

1.52

2.00

0.77

0.52

1.33

0.47

0.38

1.99

0.71

0.65

6.43

2.02

1.43

2.88

0.59

0.54

2.00

0.44

0.42

2.44

0.94

0.78

Girls

12-17

years

percent

4.04

1.58

1.75

1.54

1.04

0.59

1.66

0.69

0.50

2.75

0.87

0.69
Table 16. Prevalence rates of findings from examination of the tonsils and otal phatynx among yooths aged 12-17 years, by race, age,

and sex, witfr total standard errors: United States, 1866-70

Examination findings and race

TONSILS

Not visible

White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Negro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Tags —

White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Negro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Grade I

White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Negro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Grade II

White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Negro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Grade Ill

White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..-

Negro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

0FfALP3-3ARYNX

Abnormality

White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Negro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Again years

Ages

Boys Girls

Rateper100youths

31.6

8.a

10.2

7.9

32.6

39-2

25.4

44.2

0-1

0.6

6.8

5.6

!8.3

72

8.2

7.%

II.4

!6.5

:0.8

8.5

0.2

6.6

4.3

—

28.1

5.6

10.6

7.9

31.B

39.5

29.3

$5.5

02

1.5

7.2

I0.1

30.7

6.5

9.9

4-1

32.0

42.7

27.4

~6.O

0.6

5.8

3.2

—

%3.6

7.9

11.9

8.4

)1.2

18.4

!3.3

)3.8

0.1

1.4

7.1

2.5

—

33.4

8.8

17.9

13.4

%5.0

11.3

19.8

!6.5

6.2

7.7

—

35a

12.9

9.1

6.4

34.9

36.7

H .0

M.o

8.o

5-5

—

31.6

7.5

109

8.7

31.6

40.6

25.8

43.1

0.1

7.3

5.6

31.5

8.5

9.6

7.2

33.8

37.8

25.1

45.3

0.1

1.2

6.3

5.5

Total

12-17

years L

8oys Girls

12-17 12-17

years years

Standarderrorin percent

2.21

1.04

1.26

1.57

2.74

5.05

2.30

4.69

0.04

0.36

1.26

1.34

221

1.33

1.47

2.11

248

5.20

2-67

5.57

01)6

1.27

192

241

1.60

1.14

1.36

3.11

5.21

2.17

4.80

0.05

0.72

1.34

160

45
Table 17. Prevalence rates of findings from examination of the tonsils and oral pharynx among youths aged 12-17 years, by region,

age, andsex, with total standard errors: United States, 1966-70

Examination findings and region

TONSILS

Not visible

Northeast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Midwest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

South . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

West . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Tags —

Northeast, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Midwest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

South . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

West . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Grade I

Northeast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Midwest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

South . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

West . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Grade II

Northeast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Midwest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

South . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

West . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Grade Ill

Northeast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Midwest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

South . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

West . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

ORAL PHARYNX

Abnormality

Northeast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Midwest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

South . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

West . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

34A

34.:

16.1

27;

12.!

8;

9.(

92

27.I

34.

33.

38J

24.

23.

40.

24.

0.

0.

0.

6.

3.

9.

7.

)3.6

14.4

11.2

!3.0

11.6

6.2

8.6

6.8

?5.9

13.2

11.3

17.5

~8.4

?6.2

18.9

32.5

0.4

0.2

4.1

2.8

9.2

9.6

—

13.4

?7.3

14.1

!4.0

10.5

8.8

10.0

11.7

z6.5

36.5

)1.1

36.3

29.6

27.3

!4.7

26.4

1.4

6.7

4.7

8.0

1.5

—

Rate per 100 youths

33.4

30.7

16.6

z8.4

11.3

7.3

8.0

I0.0

28.7

36.9

31.9

35.2

25.7

25.1

$3.1

26.3

0.3

4.5

4.7

8.5

4.1

—

0.0

.2.2

9.3

!9.0

6.9

0.0

8.1

1.7

!6.6

!7.1

;5.3

i8.7

!6.1

!0.8

16.6

!0.5

0.4

0.7

9.9

2.6

7.6

6.6

—

$2.3

35.4

15.5

27.9

13.8

8.4

14.2

12.6

27.6

37.4

37.4

39.5

16.3

18.8

32.9

19.9

7.8

4.6

10.3

4.0

17.0

16.5

!3.3

11.7

1.6

8.4

8.8

6.5

)1.1

15.5

11.7

11.3

?0.2

19.6

16.2

20.5

6.8

4.2

1.2

9.0

—

36.8

33.9

17.0

26.0

12.6

9.0

10.6

10.4

25.9

33.2

33.4

37.9

24.6

23.9

38.8

25.4

0.1

0.2

7.1

5.0

8.8

7.7

Girls

12-17

years

32.7

34.6

16.2

28.5

12.4

7.3

8.4

9.3

29.8

35.7

32.9

38.1

24.8

22.3

42.2

23.6

0.3

0.2

0.4

5.9

2.8

9.4

7.3

Standard error in percent

4.46

4.49

2.69

4.90

2.60

1.70

2.83

3.63

4.45

7.73

4.20

3.20

3.63

5.10

3.31

5.20

0.O8

0.16

0.25

1.96

0.54

2.48

3.82

4.72

3.75

2.66

4.88

2.62

2.09

3.06

4.39

4.58

6.54

4.31

3.58

4.14

5.82

3.35

6.02

0.09

0.18

1.69

0.83

2.95

4.11

4.37

5.72

3.05

5.05

2.61

1.52

2.76

2.90

4.44

9.10

4.24

3.66

3.36

4.96

3.43

4.87

0.16

0.24

0.34

2.28

0.47

2.16

3.61

46
Table 18. Prevalence rates of findings from examination of thetonsiis andorai pharynx among youtiis agad ?2-17years, by family income, aga,

andsax, with total standard errors: United Statas,1966-70

Examination finding and

annual family income

TONSILS

Not visible

Less than $3,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$3,00044,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$6,000..$6,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$7,000-$9,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$10,000$14,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$15,0000rm0ra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Tags —

Lessthan$3,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$3,000-$4,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$5,000-$6,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$7,000-$9,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$10,000414,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$15,0000rmora . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Grade I

Lessthan$3,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.$3,000-$4,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$6,000-$6,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$7,000.$9,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$10,000-$14,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$15,000)ormora . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Grade II

Lessthan$3,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$3,000-$4,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$5,000-$6,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$7,000$9,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$10,000414,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$15,0000rmora . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Grade III

Lessthen $3,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$3,00044,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.$6,000-.$6,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$7,000-$9,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$10,000-$14,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$16,000qrmore, , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

ORAL PHARYNX

Abnormality

Lessthen$3,000 . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .

$3,000-.$4,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$5,000$6,889 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$7,00049,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$10,000-$14,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$15,0000r Myra . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ages Age in years Boys Girls

12-17 ,2 ,3 ,4 ,5 ,6 ,7

12-17 12-17

yaars years

RateperlOOyouths

11.8

18.6

27.3

35.0

34.4

34.1

5.4

7.9

10.6

9.6

13.4

12.4

38.5

34.6

33.6

32.7

30.9

33.2

43.9

38.6

28.0

22.6

21.2

20.3

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

9.1

8.0

4.9

6.6

5.9

5.0

9.8

18.3

24.7

32.7

33.4

29.3

,5.0

7.4

7.6

6.5

9.4

15.1

28.9

31.0

34.1

32.2

34.6

28.2

56.3

42.2

33.6

28.7

22.6

27.4

1.0

10.0

8.4

5.2

5,2

6.5

5.3

8.1

14.9

?4.1

11.8

12.6

?7.6

4.0

8.5

14.1

8.8

I4.4

13.6

i4.8

15.3

11.2

14.4

?9.1

16.4

i3.1

11.3

!9.2

!4.3

?4.0

?2.5

1.3

0.6

5.0

4.5

5.7

8.8

4.5

7.7

—

11.0

I 5.1

25.6

35.9

32.3

30.9

4.6

4.4

11.5

8.2

12.3

I3.4

}3.9

?9.5

31.1

13.7

13.7

12.6

19.6

50.9

11.8

?2.1

?1.8

Z3.O

0.7

4.2

8.9

4.9

4.8

7.0

1.6

—

14.6

18.1

28.7

38.1

34.3

?3.2

4.5

11.1

11.7

12.6

I 6.6

I0.9

39.2

!1 .9

35.1

28.2

~6.o

27.0

!0.5

28.2

!4.4

?1.1

23.1

I8.8

1.3

0.6

5.7

I0.4

3.3

6.6

4.6

8.o

—

3.8

!0.4

!6.9

15.5

16.8

!7.6

7.2

8.9

2.6

1.5

6.8

2.6

4.4

.1.3

~6.2

!3.8

:0.7

~6.2

:4.6

!9.4

‘4.3

9.3

5.7

3.6

8.8

8.1

5.6

6.5

4.2

3.3

—

13.9

26.4

34.9

36.8

38.0

35.9

7.5

7.6

6.1

10.5

11.4

9.0

40.2

30.6

36.2

34.2

30.9

38.2

38.4

35.4

22.8

18.5

19.7

16.9

10.8

8.5

4.5

7.9

8.3

4.2

—

10.0

19.2

27.9

32.4

37.8

32.8

5.9

8.6

10.6

10.8

12.6

14.9

40.4

34.2

31.8

33.4

27.4

33.6

43.5

37.9

29.7

23.2

22.2

18.8

0.2

0.2

0.1

10.2

7.4

4.9

7.8

6.7

5.5

13.5

18.0

26.7

37.9

31.3

35.7

5.0

7,2

10.7

8.2

14.2

9.5

36.7

35.1

35.8

31.8

34.2

32.9

44.2

39.3

26.3

21.9

20.3

21.9

0.5

0.4

0.4

0.2

8.2

8.7

4.9

5.2

5.0

4.5

EEIs

Standard error in percent

1.86

2.16

2.60

2.07

2.62

3.68

0.85

1.62

1.98

0.87

2.08

2.46

3.63

3.08

2.55

3.26

3.47

4.86

3.85

3.20

2.69

2.82

2.06

2.71

0.35

0.18

0.22

0.08

3.34

2.09

0.88

1.18

0.92

1.42

2.10

2.30

2.93

1.90

2.92

3.90

1.37

2.15

2.50

1.21

2.19

2.83

4,03

3.87

3.02

2.93

3.04

4.78

4.13

3.80

3.51

3.08

2.98

3.53

0.23

0.17

0.08

4.39

1.89

0.86

1.20

1.27

1.84

2.36

2.69

2.98

2.96

3.20

4.11

0.99

1.76

2.19

1.03

2.35

2.61

4.48

3.02

3.00

4.00

4.47

5.53

4.52

3.40

2.92

2.75

2.09

3.34

0.46

0.32

0.44

0.14

2.56

2.55

1.38

1.59

1.23

1.29

47
Table 19. Prevalence rates of findings from the ear, nose, and throat examination among youths aged 12-17 years w-th some

perant-repofiad history of an ear or hearing problem, with standard errors for total rat= Unitad States, 1866-70

Condition on examination

Totat prevrdenca

rate . . . . . ..-.

Auditory canal. right

Normal. . . . . . . . . . . . .

Abnormal . . . . . . . . . . .

Auditorv canal. left

Normal . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Abnormal . . . . . . . . . . .

Drum. right

Normal. . . . . . . . . . . . .

Abnormal . . . . . . . . . . .

Nonvisible . . . . . . . . . . .

Drum, left

Normal . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Abnormal . . . . . . . . . . .

Nonvisible . . . . . . . . . . .

Tonsils

Nonvisible . . . . . . . . . . .

Tagsprasent . . . . . . . . . .

Grade [ . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Gredeil . . . . . . . . . . . .

Gredelll . . . . . . . . . . . .

Orel pharynx

Normal . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Abnormal . . . . . . . . . . .

Nose, right

Normal . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Abnormal . . . . . . . . . . .

Nose, left

Normal . . . . . . . . . ..-.

Abnormal . . . . . . . . . . .

Standarderror,total

II History of abnormality

Total

prevalence

Hearing 1njury Drum

Other

Running

Other

rate Earaches

trouble

ear ear

to ear openad ears

o~radon trouble

prevalence rates per 100 youths reportad by parent

88.4

%1.6

88.3

11.7

82.6

10.4

6.9

82.6

10.4

7.0

28.4

9.8

33.6

279

0.1

93.4

6.6

92.0

8.0

92.0

8.0

3.7

3.5

5.2

3.6

4.4

2.8

9.2

5.8

2.8

99

5.2

4.7

4.6

2.8

3.2

8.8

3.7

3.5

3.6

4.7

3.6

4.6

0.28

15.1

14.7

18.4

14.8

17.1

14.0

21.6

17.8

13.9

23.2

17.7

15.4

74.0

13.8

16.8

8.8

14.8

‘19.3

15.1

14.4

15.0

15.7

0.80

3.6

3.5

4.1

3.4

4.2

2.8

9.3

3.6

2.7

9.9

4.2

5.6

5.1

2.5

2.0

3.5

4.3

3.5

3.7

3.5

4.3

o.2a

3.0

3.1

2.9

3.2

2.1

2.4

8.2

2.6

2.5

7.5

2.4

5.7

3.5

2.4

1.0

3.1

2.6

3.0

3.3

3.0

3.1

0.35

0.9

0.9

1.0

1.0

0.4

0.7

2.7

0.5

0.7

2.8

0.3

1.8

1.1

0.6

0.3

0.9

1.1

0.9

1.2

0.9

1.4

0.16

9.4

9.2

10.4

9.2

10.6

7.7

21.4

10.6

7.8

21.8

9.8

11.8

10.9

8.2

7.6

9.1

9.2

11.6

9.3

9.6

9.4

9.3

0.53

3.6

3.4

5.5

3.4

4.8

3.3

5.0

5.3

3.2

6.8

4.1

4.3

4.8

3.4

2.7

3.5

4.6

3.6

3.6

3.5

4.2

0.22

Standard

error for

abnormal

findings

0.66

0.64

1.54

1.45

1.88

1.24

2.54

2.18

0.07

1.14

1.16

1.24

48
Table 20. Average hearing levels in the better ear at each test frequency among youths aged 12-17 years with and without

parent-reported trouble hearing, by age and sex, with standard errors for total averages United States, 1966-70

250 HZ I 500 Hz I 1000Hz I 2000Hz

Age and sex

Trouble None I

Trouble None I

Troubla

None

I

Trouble

None

hearing hearing hearing hearing

Both sexes

Total, 12-17 yaars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17years m. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Bovs

Decibels re audiometric zero (ANSI, 1969)

14.5 9.0 72.2 5.6 8.5 1.3 7.6 0.8

15.8

14.2

14.6

13.2

16.2

13.6

14.6

9.0

9.3

8.4

8.8

8.8

9.2

8.9

13.8

13.2

12.3

10.4

15.0

9.4

12.0

6.2

6.0

5.6

5.7

5.2

5.3

5.8

9.8

10.8

8.2

6.1

13.3

5.0

9.8

1.7

1.4

1.2

1.3

1.0

1.2

1.6

7.7

10.1

8.4

3.6

11.9

5.6

8.6

0.8

0.8

0.8

1.2

0.7

0.7

Total,12-17yaars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2

12years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17years ... . . . .. m........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

G ids

Total, 12-17years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Standard error

Total,12-17years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Boys, 12.17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Girls, 12-17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14.0

12.6

13.0

13.0

16.6

18.8

14.4

8.9

9.0

8.6

8.8

8.9

9.2

9.0

13.0

12.1

11.2

10.9

13.0

12.8

12.2

6.4

6.0

6.0

6.0

5.6

5.2

5.4

10.4

11.8

8.6

7.8

14.2

8.0

7.1

2.0

1.7

1.5

1.4

1.2

‘1.4

1.1

8.2

11.4

6.2

5.0

13.8

8.8

6.6

1.6

1.3

1.2

1.4

0.8

1.2

0.4

18.2

16.6

15.8

13.4

15.8

7.6

1.00

9.2

9.6

B.4

8.8

8.7

9.4

0.35

15.1

14.8

13.2

10.0

16.8

5.3

0.90

6.0

5.8

5.0

5.5

4.8

5.4

0.20

9.0

9.4

7.9

4.5

12.4

1.2

0.95

1.4

1.2

1.0

1.2

0.9

0.9

0.20

7.2

8.2

10.0

2.3

10.3

1.6

0.65

0.2

0.4

0.2

0.8

0.6

0.2

0.20

1.50

1.05

0.35

0.35

1.20

1.10

0.20

0.20

1.20

1.15

0.25

0.20

1.05

1.15

0.25

0.20

49
Table 20. Average hearing levels in the better ear at each test frequency among youths aged 12-17 years with and without

parent-repoRed trouble hearing, byageand sex, with standard errors fortotal averages: United States, 1966-70–Con.

Age and sex

Both sexes

Total, 12-17 years . . . . . .

12years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Boys

Total,12-17years . . . . . .

12years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Girls —

Total, 12-17years. . . . . .

12yaars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Standard error

Total,12-17years . . . . . .

Boys,12-17years . . . . . . . . . .

Girls,12-17years . . . . . . . . . .

3000 Hz 4000 Hz 6000 Hz 8000 Hz Speech

Trouble None Trouble None Trouble None Trouble None Trouble

hearing hearing hearing hearing hearing None

Decibels re audiometric zero (ANSI, 1969)

12.6 5.0 15.9 7.7 20.0 10.8 16.7 6.3 11.6 4.8

-

11.6

16.2

11.6

11.2

16.3

10.8

14.8

5.0

5.2

4.9

5.3

4.9

4.8

6.2

15.8

20.4

14.6

15.9

18.2

12.2

18.7

7.7

8.o

7.4

7.6

7.6

7.8

8.8

17.8

22.4

18.8

18.8

24.8

19.3

10.0

10.6

10.5

11.0

11.8

11.0

18.2

20.2

15.0

14.4

19.4

15.6

18.8

20.0

23.1

12.6

19.2

20.6

18.2

14.6

6.7

6.8

6.1

6.5

5.8

6.0

7.0

13.2

13.6

11.6

8.8

15.0

9.0

12.5

5.2

4.9

4.8

5.0

4.4

4.6

5.0 T

23.0 12.2

20.9 11.2

27.2 11.5

19.2 11.8

21.2 12.2

24.8 13.6

13.4

19.0

11.4

12.8

19.6

14.3

10.5

6.o

6.3

6.1

6.4

6.3

5.8

3.8

18.8

22.8

13.2

18.9

23.0

17.2

13.0

8.6

8.9

8.4

8.8

8.8

9.6

6.5

7.4

7.4

6.6

7.1

7.0

6.6

5.6

13.3

14.0

10.8

10.0

15.9

12.6

10.6

6.6

6.1

5.2

5.1

4.6

4.8

4.6

25.4 13.4

17.0 I 9.4

9.4

12.3

11.6

9.6

13.4

6.6

1.15

4.0

4.2

3.6

4.2

3.4

3.8

0.25

11.9

17.2

15.6

13.0

14.0

6.3

0.85

6.8

7.0

6.4

6.4

6.4

6.2

0.30

13.8

15.6

18.4

16.6

24.7

12.1

8.9

9.6

9.2

9.8

9.8

8.7

15.8

16.2

16.7

9.6

18.4

12.4

1.20

6.0

6.2

5.6

5.8

4.5

5.3

0.45

13.2

13.2

12.2

7.8

14.4

4.8

0.B5

4.7

4.8

4.4

4.8

4.2

4.4

1.10 0.35 0.15

1.80 0.40

1.75 0.30

1.80

1.45

0.25

0.25

1.85

1.45

0.35

0.25

2.05

1.70

0.45

0.45

1.15

1.15

0.20

0.15

50
Table 21. Average hearing levels in the better ear at each test frequency among youths aged 12-17 years with and without

parent-repomed earaches, byageand sex, with standard errors fortotal averages: Unitad States, 1966-70

250 Hz 500 Hz 1000 Hz I 2000 Hz

Age and sex

Earaches None Earaches None Earaches None Earaches None

Both sexes Decibels re audiometric zero (ANSI, 1969)

Total, 12-17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13 years, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14yaars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15 years, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Bovs

9.0 7.1 5.7 3.1

2.6

3.9

3.2

3.6

2.8

2.4

3.5

1.3

1.8

1.4

1.3

1.1

1.2

1.1

1.6

2.0

1.9

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.0

1.8

1.6

2.0

2.3

1.8

1.8

1.2

2.4

1.0

1.0

1.0

0.9

1.2

0.8

0.9

1.4

10.1

9.8

10.9

9.8

9.6

10.4

10.6

10.2

9.8

10.2

10.5

9.4

11.2

11.2

70.0

9.2

9.2

8.6

8.8

8.8

9.3

9.0

6.8

7.4

7.4

7.5

7.2

6.0

7.4

6.2

6.0

5.6

5.6

5.2

5.4

Total,12-17years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.9

12years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13 years, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15years . ...0.....00.. . . . . . .. O.<...

16 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Girls

8.9

9.0

8.4

8.8

8.9

9.4

9.0

7.8

7.4

7.6

7.1

8.0

7.0

6.8

6.4

6.1

6.1

6.0

5.5

5.4

5.4

3.8

2.8

4.2

3.4

3.2

3.4

2.8

3.2

2.2

2.8

1.6

1.9

2.2

1.4

1.5

1.6

1.2

1.6

1.0

1.4

Total, 12-17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5

12years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Standard error

Total,12-17years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Boys, 12-17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Girls, 12-17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1.8

4.6

2.6

3.6

2.6

1.9

0.35

0.6

1.8

2.0

2.0

1.8

0.5

0.30

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.7

0.8

0.3

0.20

9.7

11.4

9.4

9.8

10.0

10.2

0.40

9.4

9.4

8.6

8.8

8.7

9.1

0.35

6.2

7.4

7.4

7.8

6.9

5.3

0.25

6.2

5.8

5.0

5.2

4.8

5.4

0.20

1.6

0.8

1.0

0.8

1.0

0.8

0.25

0.60

0.35

0.35

0.40

0.40

0.30

0.20

0.25

0.50

0.40

0.25

0.20

0.45

0.35

0.25

0.20

51
Table 21. Average haaring Ievals in tha better ear at each test frequency among youths aged 12-17 years with and without

parent-reported earaches, byagaand sex, with standard arrorsfor total averages: United States, 1966-70–Con.

3000 Hz 4000 Hz 6000 HZ

Earaches None Earaches None Earaches None

Age and sex

Both sexes Decibels re audiometric zero (ANSI, 1969)

Total, 12-17 years . .

12yaars . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13 years . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14yaars . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15 years . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Boys

Total, 12-17 years . .

12y ears . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13 years . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14yaars . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15years . . . . . . . . . . . . .

‘16years . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17yaars . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Girls

Total, 12-17 years . .

12years . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13 years . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14yaars . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15years . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Standard error

Total, 12-17 yaars . .

Boys, 12-17years . . . . . . .

Girls,12-17yaars . . . . . . .

6.0 5.2 8.8 7.8 12.3 11.0 7.9 6.5 6.2 4.8

5.8

6.4

5.5

6.7

5.8

6.0

7.6

8.0

7.8

7.1

8.3

7.4

6.6

5.0

5.2

5.4

5.2

5.4

5.1

5.0

6.3

6.0

6.6

6.2

6.4

6.5

6.1

3.9

8.8

9.6

8.0

9.4

8.8

8.6

10.8

7.8

8.2

7.6

7.7

7.8

8.0

9.0

8.6

9.3

8.4

8.7

9.0

9.8

6.6

6.8

6.9

6.8

6.6

6.2

6.0

0.25

11.2

12.8

12.0

13.0

13.2

12.2

14.2

10.0

10.6

10.7

11.0

12.0

11.4

12.4

11.2

11.8

11.8

12.2

13.8

13.6

9.3

8.8

9.3

9.4

9.7

9.8

8.8

0.30

8.1

8.4

7.3

7.4

8.2

8.0

9.3

6.8

7.0

6.4

6.7

5.8

6.2

7.2

6.0

6.8

6.5

6.4

6.0

5.6

6.8

5.2

4.9

4.8

4.9

4.5

4.6

5.2

11.1

10.2

9.2

12.8

10.0

11.0

7.6

13.1

13.6

13.4

15.1

13.7

16.8

11.2

10.3

8.6

7.8

9.8

9.0

9.8

7.0

7.4

7.9

6.7

7.3

7.0

6.9

5.6

7.4

6.6

7.2

6.0

6.3

6.5

5.9

5.5

5.2

5.2

5.2

4.8

5.0

4.5

4.4

5.3

4.6

5.5

5.0

5.5

0.25

4.1

4.2

4.0

4.1

3.4

3.7

0.20

7.3

9.1

7.2

7.0

8.3

7.2

0.40

10.0

12.2

11.0

11.5

13.0

9.2

0.45

6.7

8.2

7.0

5.7

7.8

7.0

0.60

6.2

6.0

6.0

6.1

4.4

5.4

0.45

5.2

7.0

6.0

6.6

5.8

5.0

0.25

4.9

4,6

4.5

4.6

4.2

4.4

0.15

0.85

0.60

0.15

0.15

0.45

0.30

0.20

0.30

0.65

0.40

0.35

0.25

0.85

0.35

0.45

0.25

0.45

0.45

0.40

0.30

52
Table22. Average hearing kvels in the better ear at each test frequency among youths aged 12-17 years with and without

perent-raportedearin@y. by assandsexwith standarderrorsfor total averages:UnitedStatesr1866-70

250Hz I 5001+z I 1000Hz [ 2000f+z

Ear

None

Ear

None

Ear

None

Ear

None

injury injury injury injury

Ageand sax

Both SeXeS Dm-belsra audiometriczero (ANSI. 18681

Total,12-17 years . . . .- .. ----- . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.0

12.2

13.4

12.5

11.6

13.0

14.8

12.1

9.0 9.1 5.8 5.0 1.4 4.3 1.0

92

9.3

8.6

8.9

8.8

9.2

9.0

12 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13yeers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14yeer5 . . . . . . . . . . ..-.-.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -- - . . . . . . -. . . . . . . . . .

16years.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .- . . . - . . . . . - . . . . .

10.6

9.4

8.6

8.1

7.8

9.8

8.5

6.2

6.0

5.8

5.8

5.4

5.2

6.0

6.1

4.8

52

4.2

4.0

5.2

4.2

1.8

1.6

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.1

1.8

4.1

4.7

6.1

3.1

3.2

4.4

4.6

1.0

1.0

0.9

1.2

0.9

0.8

1.4

Boys

Total,12-17yeam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

9.0

9.2

8.6

8.8

9.0

9.3

9.0

6.6

1.0

4.3

4.3

2.8

6.0

5.8

2.1.

2.0

1.7

1.6

1.5

1.4

1.2

6.0

1.5

5.6

4.7

1.7

7.2

4.0

1.6

1.6

1.3

1.5

1.0

1.2

0.6

12 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - .

13yaars . . . . . . . ..-. ----- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14yeers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15yeers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16yaars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17yeers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13.3

9.6

9.6

13.6

10.8

15.4

14.0

112

7.3

7.2

8.4

6.0

10.8

9.7

6.4

6.2

6.2

6.1

5.7

5.2

5.5

Girls

Total,12-17yaars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13yeers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . - - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15yeers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16yaars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17yeers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

11.5

19.3

15.6

9.2

15.4

14.0

0.75

9.4

9.4

8.4

9.0

8.7

9.0

0.35

10.1

12.8

10.0

7.8

9.6

8.4

0.65

6.0

5.8

5.2

5.6

5.0

52

0.20

5.7

10.6

62

4.0

5.1

4.0

0.60

1.5

1.2

1.1

1.2

1.2

0.8

0.20

2.7

9.7

6.6

1.4

4.8

0.4

0.65

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.9

0.8

0.4

0.20

Standardermr

Total,12-17years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Boys,12-17years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Girls,12-17yeers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1.10

1.10

0.35

0.35

0-75

1.10

0.20

0.20

0.75

t -05

0.30

0.20

0.90

0.95

0.25

0.20

53
Table 22. Average hearing levels in the better aar at each test fraquancy among youths aged 12-17 years with and without

parent-repotied earinju~, byageand sex, with ~andard errors fortotalweraga= United Statas, 1966-70-Con.

3000 Hz 4000 Hz 6000 HZ 8000 Hz Speech

Age and sex Ear

None Ear I

None I

.Zar I

None I

Ear I

None Ear

injury injury I

None injury injury injury

Both sexas

Total, 12-17 years . . . . . . . . . . .

12 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17yaars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Boys

Total,12-17years . . . . . . . . . . .

12 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .

15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Girls —

Total,12-17years . . . . . . . . . . .

12years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16yeers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Standard error

Total,12-17years . . . . . . . . . . .

Boys, 12-17years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Girls, 12-17years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Decibels re audiometric zero (ANSI, 1969)

9.0 5.2 13.2 7.8 17.7 10.9 11.9 6.5 8.3 5.0

8.4

11.2

8.6

7.8

7.0

10.3

10.0

5.2

5.4

5.1

5,4

5.2

4.8

6.4

12.1

15.9

11.6

10.8

12.2

16.0

14.3

7.8

8.1

7.5

7.8

7.8

7.6

9.0

15.4

18.5

18.4

14.2

17.9

21.0

18.6

10.1

10.7

10.6

11.2

11.9

11.0

12.4

11.0

14.5

11.2

8.2

10.8

15.0

11.9

6.9

7.0

6.3

6.8

6.0

6.0

7.2

9.6

8.6

8.6

7.2

7.0

8.6

7.7

5.2

5.0

5.0

5.0

4.6

4.6

5.2

10.2

10.0

8.9

10.0

7.2

12.4

7.8

6.2

6.6

6.2

6.6

6.6

5.8

4.0

16.8

12.6

10.2

13.8

13.1

18.8

11.9

8.7

9.2

8.4

9.0

9.0

9.4

6.6

18.6

77.5

17.4

15.2

14.6

25.2

16.7

11.2

11.8

11.8

12.5

13.8

13.3

9.4

11.8

12.4

9.0

11.4

9.0

16.2

11.9

7.7

7.8

6.8

7.4

7.2

6.6

5.7

10.2

5.8

7.2

7.6

5.2

9.9

9.0

5.6

5.4

5.4

5.2

4.8

4.8

4.6

7.0

13.2

8.1

5.4

6.8

7.4

0.90

4.0

4.1

3.9

4.4

3.6

3.8

0.20

8.8

21.1

13.1

7.4

11.2

12.1

1.05

6.9

6.9

6.6

6.7

6.4

6.0

0.25

13.0

20.0

19.4

13.2

21.2

15.0

0.95

8.9

9.6

9.4

9.9

10.0

8.6

0.30

10.3

17.9

13.8

4.7

12.6

13.3

1.05

6.1

6.1

5.8

6.0

4.8

5.4

0.45

9.1

13.2

10.3

7.0

8.6

6.8

0.60

4.8

4.7

4.6

4.8

4.4

4.4

0.15

1.10

1.15

0.25

0.25

1.70

0.90

0.40

0.25

1.45

1.45

0.45

0.25

1.60

1.30

0.45

0.45

0.80

0.95

0.20

0.10

54
Table 23. Average hearing Iavels in the better ear at each test frequency among youths aged 12-17 years with and without

parent-raported drum opanad, byageand sax, with standard errors fortotalaveragas: United States, 1966-70

Age and sex

250 Hz 500 Hz 1000 Hz 2000 Hz

Drum Not Drum Not Drum Not Drum Not

opened opened opened opened opaned opaned opened opened

Both sexes Decibals re audiometric zero (ANSI, 1969)

Total, 12-17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13years ., . . . . . . . . .. m........ . . . . .

14years, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Boys

Total, 12-17years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13years m, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17 years ,, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Girls

Total,12-17yaars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13years m. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15years, ,, . ., . .,, ,,, . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16yaars, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17years, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Standard error

Total,12-17years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Boys, 12-17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Girls, 12-17 years ..,..,... . . . . . . . . . . .

11.0 9.1 7.5 5.8 4.6 1.5 3.7 1.0

10.1

10.0

12.8

10.9

12.6

10.0

10.7

9.2

9.4

8.6

8.9

9.0

9.4

9.0

7.2

8.2

9.6

7.1

8.3

4.8

7.8

6.4

6.1

5.7

5.9

5.4

5.4

6.0

4.2

4.6

7.2

3.4

3.8

3.8

5.5

1.9

1.6

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.2

1.7

2.0

6.3

5.7

3.2

1.5

2.9

4.6

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.2

1.0

0.8

1.4

11.8

10.6

10.4

11.6

11.8

8.4

11.4

8.6

9.0

16.8

10.0

13.2

11.6

0.85

9.0

9.2

8.6

8.8

9.1

9.6

9.1

9.0

8.5

9.0

6.4

7.5

5.8

7.2

6.4

6.2

6.2

6.2

5.8

5.6

5.6

6.2

6.0

5.3

5.6

5.1

5.4

0.20

7.2

6.0

7.0

3.8

1.8

5.2

3.6

2.1

1.9

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.5

1.2

5.6

8.1

4.9

2.8

-0.4

3.7

2.8

1.6

1.4

1.3

1.6

1.2

1.4

0.6

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.8

0.9

0.3

0.20

9.5

9.7

8.6

9<0

8.8

9.2

0.35

5.6

7.6

10.4

7.9

8.8

3.8

0.65

1.6

2.6

7.4

2.7

5.2

2.4

0.65

1.6

1.4

1.2

1.3

1.2

0.8

0.20

-1.2

3.5

7.0

3.8

2.8

2.0

0.70

0.90

1.35

0.35

0.35

0.80

0.85

0.20

0.20

0.75

0.85

0.30

0.20

1.05

0.90

0.25

0.20

55
Table23. Average hearing levels in the better ear at each tSKXfrequency among youths @ 12-17 years with end without

parent-reported drum opened. by age end sex, WW standard errorsfor totalaver. UnitedStates.18B6-70-Con.

*

Age andsex

Both SeXeS

Total, 12-17 yeem .

Da&belsm audiometriczero (ANSI, 1969)

7.4 5.2 10.8 7.8 15.2 11.0 10.5 6.6 7.4 5.0

12yeers . . . . . . . . . . . .

13years . . . . . . . . . . . .

14yaars . . . . . . . . . . . .

15yaars . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . . . .

17years . . . . . . . . . . . .

Boys

Total, 12-17 yeem .

12years . . . . . . . . . . . .

13yeers . . . . . . . . . . . .

14years . . . . . . . . . . . .

15years . . . . . . . . . . . .

16yeers . . . . . . . . . . . .

17years . . . . . . . . . . . .

Gkk

Total, 12-17 years .

12years . . . . . . . . . . . .

13yeers . . . . . . . . . . . .

14yeal%. . . . . . . . . . . .

15years . . . . . . . . . . . .

16yeers . . . . . . . . . . . .

17yaers . . . . . . . . . . . .

6.2

11.0

8.7

62

6.7

5.8

8.9

52

5.4

5.1

5.5

52

5.0

6.4

10.0

14.6

13.4

8.4

7.0

10.6

13.0

79

8.2

7.5

8.0

8.o

8.0

9.0

12.4

18.2

173

13.4

14.6

14.8

17XI

10.2

10-7

70.6

112

12.1

11-3

12.4

10.4

13.0

12.6

8.6

8.5

9.1

11.5

7.0

7.0

6.2

6.8

6.2

6.3

7.3

6.9

8.6

9.2

6.4

7.4

5.8

8.2

5.3

5.0

5.0

5.0

4.6

4.8

5.2

8.7

13.2

9.4

72

4.8

7.6

5.8

3.9

7.3

76

4.8

8.1

4.0

0.85

6.2

6.5

6.2

6.7

6.8

6.1

4.0

14.4

182

13.8

8.4

7.6

12.6

8.6

8.8

9.0

8.3

9.2

9.2

9.6

6.7

15.1.

20.6

17.6

12.9

14.0

19.8

13.2

11.3

11.7

11.8

12.6

13.8

13.8

9.6

13.5

15.2

10.6

9.6

8.3

10.2

9.4

7.6

7.7

6.6

7.6

7.3

7.0

5.8

9.4

9.7

8.8

6.6

6.3

7.0

6.6

5.6

5.2

5.2

5.3

4.9

5.0

4.7

4.2

4.2

4.0

4.4

3.6

4.0

025

0.25

025

6.2

8.8

12.9

8.4

6.6

9.0

1.fm

7.0

72

6.6

6.7

6.6

6.1

0.30

9.0

9.7

9.5

9.9

10.2

8.8

0.30

10.0

14.1

18.1

14.0

15.1

9.8

1.00

7.7

9.3

15.9

7.4

8.6

7.9

1.00

6.2

6.4

5.9

6.0

4.9

5.6

0.45

4.6

6.6

10.1

6.3

8.2

4.7

0.60

5.0

4.9

4.6

4.8

4.4

4.4

0.15

Standarderror

Total, 12-17 years .

60YS, 12-17yeers . . . . .

Girls, 12-17years. . . . . .

1.65

0.90

lao

0.85

0.40

025

1.65

1.15

0.45

0.25

1.70

1.00

0.50

0.45

0.85

0.75

0.20

0.10

56
Table 24. Average hearing levels in the better ear at each test frequency among youths agad 12-17 years with and without

parent-reporting running ears, by age and sex, with standard errors for total averages: United States, 1966-70–Con.

Age and sex

250 Hz I

500 Hz 1000 Hz 2000 Hz

Running

None

Running

None

Running

None

Running

ears ears ears

None

ears

Both sexes

Total, 12-17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13years .. m. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14years, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

BOYS

Total, 12-17years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13 years ., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14 years, .,, ,,, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Girls

Total, 12-17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14years, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Standard error

Total, 12-17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Boys, 12-17years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Girls, 12-17years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Decibels reaudiometric zero (ANSl,1969)

11.0 9.0 7.4 5.7

6.2

6.0

5.7

5.8

5.4

5.2

6.0

3.4

3.8

3.2

3.6

2.8

3.1

4.3

3.2

3.7

1.7

3.4

1.8

3.0

5.2

3.7

1.4 2.2 1.0

10.4

11.2

10.4

10.8

11.0

13.2

11.0

9.2

9.2

8.6

8.8

8.8

9.1

8.9

7.2

7.6

7.1

7.6

7.1

8.2

7.4

7.2

7.4

6.8

5.8

8.6

9.2

7.5

1.8

1.6

1.4

1.4

1.3

1.0

1.7

1.9

1.2

2.4

1.2

2.8

3.8

2.5

1.0

1.1

1.0

1.2

0.8

0.6

1.4

10.7

10.6

9.6

9.3

12.0

14.2

11.2

8.8

9.0

8.6

8.9

9.0

9.1

9.0

6.4

6.1

6.2

6.2

5.6

5.2

5.5

2.1

2.0

1.6

1.6

1.5

1.2

1.0

3.8

0.6

2.8

0.4

2.8

4.4

1.8

1.6

1.8

1.3

1.7

1.0

1.2

0.6

10.0

11.6

11.0

12.0

10.4

11.6

0.45

9.4

9.5

8.5

8.6

8.8

9.0

0.35

7.2

7.9

7.4

9.0

6.2

6.8

0.35

6.0

5.9

5.2

5.2

5.1

5.2

0.20

3.8

4.7

3.9

3.6

3.2

3.0

0.45

1.4

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

0.8

0.20

-0.2

1.6

2.2

2.0

2.8

3.1

0.45

0.4

0.4

0.6

0.8

0.8

0.2

0.20

0.65

0.60

0.35

0.35

0.50

0.45

0.25

0.20

0.65

0.50

0.25

0.20

0.70

0.40

0.25

0.20

57
Table 24. Average hearing levels in the better ear at each test frequency among youths aged 12-17 years with and without

parent-reported running ears, byageand sex, with standard errors fortotal averages: United States, 1966-70

3000 Hz I 4000Hz I 6000Hz I 8000Hz I Speech

Age and sex

Running

ears

Running

ears

None

Both sexes Decibels re audiometric zero (ANS 1, 1969)

Total, 12-17 years . . .

12years . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13years . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Boys

Total, 12-17 years . . .

12years . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13y6ars . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14years . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Girls

6.8 5.2 9.8 7.8 14.0 10.8 9.4 6.4 6.6 4.9

6.9

6.6

6.3

6.2

6.4

8.6

7.8

7.8

7.8

7.3

5.4

8.6

9.8

5.8

5.0

5.4

5.1

5.5

5.2

4.8

6.4

9.5

9.1

9.2

9.0

9.9

12.5

11.1

7.8

8.2

7.5

7.8

7.8

7.6

9.0

8.7

9.3

8.4

9.2

9.0

9.3

6.6

12.0

12.8

13.2

14.6

14.9

17.0

15.2

10.0

10.8

10.6

11.0

11.9

10.9

12.4

9.0

8.5

9.0

9.0

8.2

13.6

9.8

9.4

8.2

8.4

9.0

8.9

15.0

9.2

6.8

7.0

6.2

6.6

6.0

5.8

7.2

6.8

6.2

6.6

6.2

6.2

7.6

6.6

5.2

5.0

5.0

5.0

4.6

4.5

5.2

5.6

5.4

5.3

5.4

4.8

4.8

4.6

6.2

6.6

6.2

6.8

6.6

5.7

4.0

11.0

10.0

9.4

8.8

13.0

15.1

8.5

14.3

13.8

12.1

14.8

16.3

21.0

12.7

11.1

11.8

12.0

12.4

13.8

13.2

9.3

7.6

8.o

6.6

7.5

7.2

6.3

5.6

7.3

5.7

6.4

5.0

6.6

8.4

Total, 12-17 years . . . 6.6

12years . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13years . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14years . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Standard error

Total, 12-17 years . . .

Boys,12-17years . . . . . . .

Girls,12-17years . . . . . . .

5.9

5.4

5.4

6.8

5.0

6.9

0.40

4.0

4.2

3.9

4.0

3.6

3.8

0.25

7.8

8.2

9.0

9.3

7.8

8.8

0.55

6.8

7.2

6.6

6.4

6.4

6.0

0.30

9.5

11.8

14.4

14.4

14.0

11.4

0.60

9.0

9.6

9.2

9.5

10.0

8.7

0.35

8.7

8.8

9.7

9.0

7.8

11.6

0.60

6.0

6.2

5.8

5.6

4.7

5.2

0.45

6.4

6.8

6.7

7.2

6.0

6.4

0.30

4.8

4.8

4.6

4.6

4.4

4.3

0.15

0.65

0.55

0.25

0.30

0.90

0.50

0.40

0.25

0.85

0.80

0.45

0.25

0.85

0.70

0.50

0.45

0.50

0.30

0.20

0.10

58
Table 25. Average hearing levels in the better ear at each test frequency among youths aged 12-17 years with and without

parent-repo~ed other earoperation, byageand sex, with standard errors fortotaI averages: United States, 1966-70

250 HZ

T

Other

ear None

operation

500 Hz

T

Other

ear None

operation

1000 Hz 2000 Hz

T

Other

ear None

operation

Age and sex Other

ear None

operation

Both sexes

Total, 12-17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13years . . . . . . . . .. m...... . . . . . . . .

14years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Bovs

Decibels re audiometric zero (ANSI, 1969)

12.9 9.1 8.2 5.8 1.6

2.0

1.7

1.6

1.5

1.4

1.2

7.8

3.5

0.2

5.2

3.2

2.2

0.1

7.4

4.8

1.0

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.2

1.0

0.8

1.5

4.8

-1.7

16.4

5.2

1.6

-0.6

9.4

5.0

7.1

11.4

11.6

11.2

4.4

21.8

13.6

9.2

9.4

8.7

9.0

9.0

9.2

9.0

4.4

15.0

8.0

7.0

0.8

12.4

9.3

6.4

6.2

5.8

6.0

5.5

5.4

Total,12-17years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.0

12years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Girls —

Total,12-17years . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12years, . .. m. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13years .. m. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15years m. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Standard error

Total, 12-17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Boys, 12-17years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Girls, 12-17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4.9

12.6

7.6

11.6

12.5

26.0

12.0

9.8

7.5

16.9

10.7

2.4

15.5

2.95

9.1

9.2

8.7

8.9

9.2

9.3

9.2

2.6

12.6

6.2

7.2

2.5

17.0

6.8

6.6

6.2

6.2

6.2

5.8

5.3

5.6

–3.5

14.4

2.8

1.2

2.5

11.8

4.4

2.3

2.0

1.8

1.7

1.6

1.4

1.3

0.8

7.6

0.7

-1.2

2.5

13.2

1.9

1.8

1.6

1.4

1.6

1.1

1.2

0.6

9.4

9.7

8.6

9.0

9.0

9.2

0.35

6.4

22.5

10.3

6.9

0.4

5.6

2.05

6.2

6.0

5.4

5.6

5.2

5.4

0.20

L7.4

22.5

8.3

2.2

–1 .4

5.8

1.95

1.6

1.4

1.2

1.3

1.3

0.8

0.20

-0.6

-2.5

6.4

6.9

-0.5

-1.3

2.00

0.4

0.6

0.7

0.9

1.0

0.4

0.20

4.45

2.75

0.35

0.35

3.15

1.90

0.20

0.20

3.15

1.75

0.30

0.20

2.95

2.30

0.25

0.20

59
Table 25. Average hearing levels inthebetter earateach test frequency among youths aged 12-17years with andwithout parant-reportad

otharear operation, byageand sex, with standard errors for total avarages: United States, 1966-70–Con.

3000 Hz 4000 Hz 6000 Hz 8000 HZ Speech

Other Other Other

ear None ear None ear None

operation operation operation

Age and sex -LOther

ear None

operation

Other

ear None

operation

Both sexes

Total, 12-17 years . .

12yeatts . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13yearrs . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14 yews.. . . . . . . . . . . .

15yeans . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16yeatts . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17yeafis . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Boys

Total, 12-17 years . .

12years . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13 year$ . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14year* . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15year$ . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16year$ . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17year$ . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Girls

Tbtal,12-17 years . .

12years . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13years . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14years . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15years . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17years . . . . . . . . . . . . .

~tandard error

Tcital,12-17 years . .

BoYs,12 17yaars . . . . . . .

Girls, 12-17 years . . . . . . .

Decibels re audiometric zero (ANSI, 1969)

8.0 5.3 10.4 8.0 14.6 11.1 13.1 6.6 7.9 5.0

4.0

12.5

9.4

1.2

-0.7

13.8

11.0

5.2

5.5

5.2

5.6

5.3

4.9

6.4

6.4

6.7

6.3

6.8

6.7

5.8

4.1

6.4

12.4

9.6

6.4

2.6

17.6

12.4

8.0

8.3

7.6

8.0

8.0

7.9

9.2

7.4

13.9

16.0

11.2

4.3

22.6

18.2

10.3

10.9

10.8

11.3

12.2

11.2

12.6

6.3

11.4

13.4

16.0

-0.2

20.6

16.0

7.0

7.2

6.4

6.8

6.2

6.2

7.4

4.4

15.1

7.4

5.4

0.1

12.8

9.2

5.4

5.2

5.0

5.1

4.8

4.6

5.3

3.6

12.5

9.6

0.1

7.5

20.8

4.3

4.4

14.1

7.2

8.6

12.5

23.1

8.2

9.0

9.4

8.6

9.3

9.2

9.6

6.8

11.5

12.0

12.0

12.6

13.9

13.6

9.6

7.8

8.0

6.8

7.5

7.4

6.8

5.9

5.8

5.4

5.4

5.4

6.0

4.8

4.8

4.4

16.0

15.7

10.2

12.5

32.9

10.2

4.4

16.0

12.4

20.2

-2.5

26.6

9.6

3.4

14.4

5.2

4.3

2.5

17.6

6.4

4.3

12.5

9.1

2.6

-2.6

3,2

2.65

4.2

4.3

4.0

4.4

3.8

4.0

0.25

8.8

7.5

12.9

3.7

0.4

9.3

3.05

7.0

7.2

6.8

6.8

6.6

6.2

0.30

9.0

9.8

9.6

10.0

10.4

8.9

0.35

11.1

7.5

16.4

12.7

2.4

7.0

3.35

8.6

-2.5

14.6

10.5

0.4

11.6

3.50

6.2

6.4

6.0

6.0

5.0

5.6

0.45

5.6

17.5

10.4

6.9

-0.5

5.4

1.90

5.0

4.9

4.7

4.8

4.6

4.4

0.15

4.30

1.90

0.25

0.25

4.95

2.05

0.40

0.25

5.40

2.65

0.45

0.25

5.75

2.55

0.45

0.45

3.05

1.65

0.20

0.10

60
Table 26. Average hearing levels in the better ear at each test frequency among youths -d 12-17 years with end wWrout

perent-raporterl other ear trouble, by age and sex, with standard errors for total averages: United States, 1966-70

Other Other Other Other

ear None ear None ear None ear None

trouble troub[e trouble trouble

Age and sex

Both S13X12S

Totaf,12-17years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16yeers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

BOYS

Ckcibelsreaudiometric zero(ANSl,1968)

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.2

1.2

1.0

1.0

1.6

1.8

1.6

1.5

1.6

12

1.6

0.6

0.2

0.4

0.8

0.8

0.8

0.4

0.20

9.6

9.0

11.0

9.4

10.3

9.4

7.9

8.8

9.2

9.2

9.4

8.7

8.9

9.0

9.5

9.1

7.1

7.6

8.0

5.8

8.0

7.0

5.4

6.4

4.6

8-2

6.5

7.9

6.4

5.0

7.8

5.8

6.3

6.1

5.8

5-8

5.4

5.4

6.1

6.6

6.2

6.2

6.1

5.8

5.6

5.6

2.8

2.8

5-0

1.8

3.3

2.2

%.0

1.8

-0.5

5.0

1.7

4.0

0.5

0.4

3.8

6.6

5.3

2.0

2.7

3.6

1.6

0.45

1.6

1-8

1.6

1.6

1.4

1.4

1.3

Is

1-8

3.0

3.6

0.8

1.4

2.0

–1.3

Totaf,12-17years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.0

12 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16yeers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17ymrs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Girls

Total,12-17years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Standard error

Total,12-17years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8oys,12-17years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Girls,12-17years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5.5

11.1

10.6

9.5

9.6

7.8

10.2

9.2

9.2

8.6

8.9

9.1

9.6

9.2

2.4

2.0

1.3

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.2

0.8

4.0

0.4

0.9

0.5

–1 .6

2.6.

12.8

10.9

8.4

11.0

9.2

7s

0.55

9.4

9.6

8.8

8.9

8.9

9.3

0.35

?1.2

7.9

5.2

8.0

7.6

5.6

0.50

S.o

6.0

5.4

5.6

5.1

5.4

0.20

5.5

3.4

7.2

x.9

3.3

-7.1

0.65

1.4

1.2

1.3

1.2

12

0.9

0.25

0.80

0.60

0.35

0.35

0.55

0.75

0.20

0.20

0.60

0.7’0

0.30

020

0.70

0.90

0.25

0.20
Table 26. Average hearing levels in the better ear at each test frequency among youths aged 12-17 years with and without

parent-reported other eartroubIe, byageand wx, with standard errors fortotalaveragas: United States, 1966-70–Con.

3000 Hz 4000 HZ 6000 Hz 8000 iiz I

Speech

Other

ear

trouble

Other

ear

trouble

Other

ear

trouble

Other

ear

trouble

Other

ear

trouble

Age and sex

None None None None me

Both sexes Decibels re audiometric zero (ANSI, 1969)

Total, 12-17 years . . . . . . .

12 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Boys

Total,12-17years . . . . . . .

12years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Girls

Total,12-17years . . . . . . .

12years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Standard error

Total,12-17years . . . . . . .

Boys,12-17years . . . . . . . . . . .

Girls,12-17years . . . . . . . . . . .

6.0 6.2 5.0

6.2

8.8

3.7

6.7

5.6

4.6

7.0

5.3

5.2

5.4

5.2

5.5

5.2

5.1

6.4

6.4

6.6

6,4

6.6

6.7

6.2

4.0

4.0

4.2

4.2

4.4

3.7

4.0

0.25

3

9.2 ~

11.6

8.4

9.7

8.2

6.1

9.8

8.6

12.7

7.6

12.7

9.8

6.7

8.4

10.0

10.6

9.2

7.0

6.6

5.6

0.75

8.0

7.9

8.2

7.6

7.9

7.9

8.1

9.2

12.2 11.1 7.7 6.6

11.4

14.8

10.4

14.7

11.8

9.0

12.8

10.2

10.8

10.9

11.2

12.2

11.5

12.6

7.5

8.8

5.6

8.6

7.0

9.0

7.6

7.0

7.2

6.6

6.8

6.2

6.4

7.4

6.8

7.6

5.2

6.4

6.0

4.0

5.6

5.3

5.1

5.1

5.0

4.6

4.8

5.4

4.9

11.4

5.1

8.5

6.1

5.8

5.2

9.0

9.2

8.6

9.1

9.2

10.0

6.7

6.8

7.1

6.8

6.7

6.6

6.2

0.30

11.4

13.8

12.2

15.6

12.6

10.6

11.7

11.4

15.8

9.0

13.9

11.1

7.7

0.80

11.4

12.0

12.0

12.5

14.0

14.0

9.6

9.0

9.6

9.8

9.8

10.3

8.9

0.35

5.3

10.0

4.3

10.0

7.8

9.4

7.8

10.0

7.6

6.8

7.3

6.1

8.6

0.95

7.9

7.9

6.9

7.6

7.3

7.2

5.8

6.2

6.4

6.2

6.0

4.9

5.5

0.45

4.0

8.2

5.6

6.6

4.8

3.9

6.8

10.0

7.2

4.9

6.3

7.1

4.0

0.55

5.8

5.3

5.4

5.3

5.0

5.2

4.7

7.8

6.4

2.6

5.2

5.1

3.8

0.70

4.8

4.8

4.8

4.8

4.4

4,4

0,15

—

1.15

1.05

0.45

0.25

1.40

0.85

0.45

0.45

0.55

0.85

0.20

0,15

1.05

0.80

0.25

0.30

1.20

0.95

0.40

0.25

62
Table 27. Average hearing levels in the better ear at each test frequency among youths aged 12-17 years with and without

yOuth-reported hearing trouble, byageand sex, with standard errors fortotal averages: Unitad States, 1966-70

250 Hz I 500Hz I 1000Hz I 2000Hz

Age and sex

Both sexes

Total, 12-17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13years .o . . . . . . . . . ..m.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Boys

Total, 12-17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14years, , .,, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16ye.ars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Girls

Total, 12-17years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15years .,, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Standard arror

Total, 12-17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Boys, 12-17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Girls, 12.17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nona Trouble None Trouble None

hearing hearing

Decibels re audiometric zero (ANSI, 1969)

14.1 8.9 11.8 5.6 8.2 1.2 7.2 0.8

16.0

15.3

12.8

14.2

14.1

13.0

14.3

9.0

9.2

8.4

8.7

8.8

9.2

8.8

14.4

13.3

11.6

12.2

11.4

9.0

11.6

6.0

5.8

5.5

5.6

5.2

5.2

5.8

10.1

10.1

8.4

7.2

8.2

5.8

8.3

1.6

1.4

1.2

1.2

1.1

1.0

1.5

2.0

1.7

1.4

1.4

1.3

1.2

1.0

6.2

9.5

7.6

6.2

8.2

5.7

7.8

0.9

0.8

0.6

1.0

0.6

0.6

1.2

1.6

1.2

1.1

1.4

0.8

1.2

0.3

15.0

13.4

11.8

13.6

14.6

17.8

13.8

8.8

9.0

8.5

8.7

8.9

9.1

9.0

11.7

11.1

11.6

12.0

11.0

12.4

12.1

6.3

6.0

6.0

5.9

5.6

5.2

5.4

8.1

9.4

9.0

6.1

9.0

8.4

8.0

5.8

11.1

6.3

6.6

9.7

7.7

6.6

17.1

17.2

13.9

14.6

13.7

7.6

0.70

9.2

9.3

8.4

8.6

8.6

9.3

0.35

18.0

15.4

11.8

12.4

11.6

5.5

0.70

5.8

5.6

5.0

5.2

4.8

5.4

0.20

12.8

10.8

7.7

8.0

7.4

3.0

0.75

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.6

0.6

0.2

0.20

1.2

1.0

1.0

0.9

1.0

0.8

0.20

6.7

8.0

8.8

5.8

7.0

3.4

0.60

— -

1.15

0.75

0.35

0.35

0.90

0.85

0.20

0.20

0.95

0.95

0.25

0.20

1.05

1.00

0.25

0.20

63
TabIe27. Average hearing levels in the better ear et each test frequency among youths aged 12-17 years with and without

youth-reportedhearingtrouble, by ageand sex,with standarderromfor totalaveragesUnitedStates,1866-7LLCm.

Ageand sex

Both SeXeS

Total,12-17years . . . . . .

72yearz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Bcrys

Total,12-17years . . . . . .

12years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.13years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16yearz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Girls

Total,12-17years . . . . . .

12years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14year3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15yealz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17yEars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Stendarderror

Totei,12-17years . . . . . .

Boys,12-17years . . . . . . . . . .

Girls,12-17years . . . . . . . . . .

3000 Hz I

4000 Hz I

6CKMlHz

I

8000 t-fz

I

S-h

:::; None Troubie None Trouble None Trouble Nom Trouble None

hearing hearing hearing hearing

Decibelsreaudiornetriczero(ANSl,1868)

12D

10.7

15s

109

12.4

12.6

10.1

13s

712

18.0

11.2

14.4

16.4

12.7

10.3

10.1

13.6

10.6

10-8

9.6

7.3

5.0

5.0

5.0

41f

5.2

4.9

4B

6.1

6.1

62

6.0

6.3

6.3

5.8

3.8

4.0

3.8

3.6

4.0

3.4

3.8

-i0.95 0.25

1.60 0.25

0.90 0.30

14.6

14.2

17.4

13.6

15.8

13.6

13.0

17.4

14.4

20.2

13.6

19.9

19.0

18.2

11.7

13.9

14.6

13.8

12.2

9.1

7.2

0.80

1.55

1.10

7.6

7.7

79

7.3

7.6

7.6

7.8

8.8

8.7

8.8

8.2

8.6

8.8

9.4

6.6

6.7

6.9

6.4

6.4

6.5

6.2

0.30

0.35

0.25

18.8

182

19.8

16.8

18.3

21.2

18.8

21.1

18.8

23.1

16.6

20.6

24.4

24.3

16.4

17.3

16.4

17.0

16.4

18.5

12.8

1.00

1.65

1.10

10.8

10.0

10.5

10.6

11.0

11.7

11.0

122

11.2

11.5

11.8

12.2

13.4

13.3

9.3

8.8

9.5

9.2

9.6

9.9

8.7

0.35

0.40

0.30

15.0

18.2

17.2

13.6

14.7

13.0

14.6

16.8

18.6

19.4

12.2

19.8

15.6

16.6

13.3

17.8

15.1

15.2

10.3

10.8

12.5

1.10

1.75

1.05

6.2

6.6

6.7

6.0

6.4

5.9

6.0

7.0

7.3

7.4

6.5

7.0

7.0

6.6

5.6

5.9

6.0

5.6

5.8

4.6

5.2

0.45

0.45

0.45

11.2

13.0

12.9

11.2

10.6

11.2

8.8

11.4

11.2

12.8

11.1

10.2

11.8

11.8

11.0

15.6

13.0

11.4

11.1

10.6

5.6

0.60

0.90

0.80

4.8

5.1

4.8

4.7

4.8

4.4

4.6

5.0

5.6

5.0

5.0

5.1

4.6

4.8

4.4

4.6

4.6

4.4

4.5

4.2

4.4

0.15

0.15

0.15

64
T:lble 28, Average hearing levels in the better ear at each test frequency among youths aged 12-17 years with and without

youth-repomed earaches, byegeand sex, with standard errors fortotalavarages: United States, 1966-70

250 HZ I

500 Hz I1000 Hz I

2000 Hz

Age and sex

Earaches None Earaches None Earaches None Earaches

I

None

8oth sexes Decibels re audiometric zero (ANSI, 1969)

Total, 12-17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.2 8.8 7.2 5.6 3.0 1.2 2.0 0.8

12 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14years, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

10.1

10.3

9.5

9.8

11.4

10.1

10.1

10.0

9.9

9.6

10.0

12.2

9.0

10.2

9.0

9.2

8.5

8.8

8.5

9.2

8.9

8.8

9.0

8.5

8.8

8.6

9.6

8.8

7.5

7.0

6.7

7.7

7.7

6.2

7.4

6.0

6.0

5.6

5.5

5.0

5.3

5.8

3.1

2.8

2.8

3.4

3.5

2.2

3.2

1.6

1.4

1.2

1.0

1.0

1.1

1.6

1.8

1.9

1.9

2.6

2.9

1.2

2.4

0.8

0.9

0.8

0.9

0.6

0.9

1.4

Boys

Total,12-17years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15years, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7.8

7.1

7.0

7.6

8.2

6.0

7.0

6.2

6.0

6.1

5,9

5.4

5.5

5.2

3.7

2.7

2.8

3.4

4.1

2.4

2.8

1.8

1.8

1.6

1.3

1.2

1.6

0.8

2.6

1.8

1.7

2.8

3.5

1.8

1.8

1.6

1.7

1.4

1.4

0.8

1.5

0.2

Girls —

Total, 12-17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12years . . .. m. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

10.2

10.7

9.4

9.7

10.8

10.8

0.35

9.2

9.4

8.5

8.8

8.4

8.8

0.35

7.2

6.9

6.4

7.8

7.4

6.2

0.25

5.8

5.8

5.1

5.0

4.6

5.1

0.20

2.6

2.8

2.9

3.4

3.2

2.2

0.30

1.2

1.0

0.9

0.7

0.8

0.6

0.25

1.1

2.0

2.0

2.5

2.5

1.0

0.30

0.1

0.1

0.3

0.4

0.4

0.2

0.20

Standard error

Total, 12-17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Boys, 12-17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Girls, 12-17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

0.55

0.30

0.35

0.40

0.40

0.30

0.20

0.25

0.40

0.35

0.25

0.20

0.35

0.35

0.25

0.20

65
Table 28. Average hearing levels in tha better ear at each test frequency among youths aged 12-17 years with and without

youth-repotied earaches, byageand sexrwith standard errors fortotal averages: United States, 1966-70-Con.

Age and sex

3000 Hz I

4000 Hz I

6000 Hz I

8000 HZ Speech

Earaches None Earaches Earaches I

None IEaraches None I

Earaches INone None

8oth sexes

Total, 12-17 years . .

12 years . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13 years . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14years . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15years . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16 years . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8oys

Total, 12-17 years . .

12 years . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13 years . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14years . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15years . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17years . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Girls

Total, 12-17 years . .

12years . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13years . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14years . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15 years . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Standard error

Total, 12-17 years . .

8oys,12-17years . . . . . . .

Girls, 12-17years . . . . . . .

Decibels re audiometric zero (ANSI, 1969)

6.0 5.2 8.6 7.8 12.1 10.9 8.1 6.4 6.3 4,8

6.0

6.4

5.4

6.6

6.2

5.0

7.3

5.0

5.2

5.2

5.3

5.1

5.1

6.4

8.8

8.7

7.9

9.1

9.0

8.2

9.8

10.9

12.1

11.6

13.2

13.8

11.3

13.5

8.9

8.4

7.4

8.4

7.7

7.3

9.2

7.6

8.2

7.6

7.7

7.7

8.0

9.0

10.1

10.6

10.7

10.8

11.8

11.4

12.4

6.4

6.8

6.2

6.4

5.9

6.2

7.1

6.5

6.1

6.1

6.6

6.8

5.4

6.6

5.0

5.0

4.8

4.8

4.2

4.6

5.1

7.7

8.0

6.2

7.7

7.9

5.9

5.0

6.o

6.4

6.4

6.5

6.6

6.2

3.8

10.7

9.2

8.0

11.0

10.4

9.4

7.8

8.5

9.4

8.6

8.8

9.0

10.0

6.4

12.1

13.0

12.4

15.0

16.2

13.4

11.0

11.3

11.8

?2.0

12.1

13.6

14.0

9.2

10.8

9.0

7.0

10.4

10.0

8.1

7.2

7.0

7.6

6.8

7.1

7.0

7.0

5.6

7.2

6.2

6.3

6.6

7.6

5.8

6.0

5.4

5.2

5.2

5.1

4.5

5.0

4.4

4.8

5.0

4.8

5.8

5.0

4.4

0.35

4.0

4.1

3.8

4.0

3.4

3.8

0.25

7.4

8.2

7.8

7.8

8.0

7.5

0.30

6.8

7.0

6.6

6.4

6.2

5.8

0.30

10.0

11.2

10.9

11.8

12.4

10.2

0.45

8.8

9.4

9.3

9.4

9.8

8.6

0.30

7.4

7.8

7.8

6.8

6.2

6.8

0.60

5.9

6.0

5.6

5.8

4.6

5.4

0.40

6.0

6.0

5.8

6.6

6.4

5.2

0.20

4.6

4.6

4.4

4.4

4.0

4.2

0.15

0.55

0.25

0.20

0.35

0.50

0.25

0.40

0.30

0.70

0.45

0.45

0.25

0.80

0.55

0.45

0.45

0.25

0.30

0.20

0,15

66
Table 29. Average hearing levels in the better ear at each test frequency among youths aged 12-17 years with

youth-reported earinjury, byageand sex, with standard errors fortotal averages: United States, 1966-70

and without

I I 1

250 HZ I 500Hz I 1000Hz I 2000Hz

Ear

None

Ear

None

Ear

None

Ear

None

injury injury injury injury

Age and sex

Both sexes

Total, 12-17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Bovs

I I I I I I I

Decibels re audiometric zero (ANSI, 1969)

11.2 9.0 7.9 5.8 4.4 1.4 3.4 0.9

10.0

12.2

12.7

9.2

11.9

11.1

10.2

9.2

9.3

8.4

9.0

8.8

9.2

9.0

7.4

10.3

9.5

6.0

7.0

6.6

7.4

6.2

6.0

5.6

5.9

5.4

5.2

6.0

3.9

6.6

6.4

2.0

4.4

2.2

3.5

1.8

1.4

1.2

1.4

1.2

1.0

1.6

2.4

6.0

4.6

2.0

4.2

1.0

3.6

1.0

0.9

0.8

1.2

0.8

0.8

Total, 12-17years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1:4

12years .,, .,. m..,,,.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17years .,, .,.”, ,,. m.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Girls

Total, 12-17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15 years .,, a m,, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Standard error

9.8

9.6

9.9

10.9

10.3

10.7

12.4

9.0

9.2

8.6

8.8

9.0

9.2

9.0

7.4

7.6

9.2

6.8

5.6

7.2

8.5

6.4

6.2

6.0

6.2

5.7

5.2

5.5

3.9

3.0

6.4

2.2

3.1

2.0

5.4

2.2

1.9

1.4

1.6

1.4

1.3

1.1

3.6

5.2

3.6

2.8

3.5

3.0

3.2

1.6

1.6

1.2

1.5

0.8

1.2

0.4

10.4

14.9

15.1

6.9

13.6

11.6

0.65

9.4

9.4

8.3

9.0

8.6

9.2

0.35

7.4

13.2

9.8

4.8

8.4

5.8

0.60

6.0

5.7

5.1

5.6

5.0

5.4

0.20

3.9

10.4

6.6

1.9

5.7

2.4

0.60

1.4

1.0

1.0

1.2

1.0

0.8

0.20

0.9

6.8

5.4

0.7

4.9

-1.4

0.55

0.2

0.2

0.2

1.0

0.7

0.4

Total, 12-17years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.25

Boys, 12-17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Girls,12.17years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

0.80

0.90

0.35

0.35

0.80

0.80

0.20

0.20

0.85

1.00

0.30

0.20

0.90

0.90

0.30

0.20

67
Table 29. Average hearing levels in the better ear at each test frequency among youths aged 12-17 years with and without

youth-reported earinjury, byageand sex, with standard errors fortotal averages: United States, 1966-70–Con.

3000 Hz I 4000Hz I 6000Hz I 8000!-Iz I Speech

I

Age and sex Ear

injury

Ear I

None

injury

Both sexes

Total, 12-17 years . . . . . . . . . . .

12 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Boys

Total,12-17years . . . . . . . . . . .

12years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16yeers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Girls —

Total,12-17years . . . . . . . . . . .

12years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Standard error

Total,12-17years . . . . . . . . . . .

Boys, 12-17years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Girls, 12-17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Decibels re audiometric zero (ANSI, 1969)

8.4 5,1 11.8 7.8 15.4 10.8 10.2 6.4 7.4 4.8

7.6

12.2

8.3

7.6

8.1

6.2

9.2

5.1

5.2

5.0

5.4

5,0

4.9

6.2

10.2

15.6

12.0

10.0

11.6

10.6

12.6

7.8

8.0

7.3

7.9

7.7

7.8

8.9

11.7

18.3

16.7

14.6

16.6

14.8

16.7

10.2

10.6

10.4

11.2

11.8

11.1

12.3

8.2

15.2

11.4

6.0

10.7

9.0

9.8

6.8

6.8

6.1

6.8

5.9

6.1

7.2

7.2

9.8

8.8

5.5

7.3

4.9

6.8

5.2

4.9

4.8

5.1

4.5

4.6

5.2

6.2

6.4

6.2

6.6

6.4

5.8

3.9

8.8

9.0

8.2

9.2

9.0

9.4

6.6

8.8

13.2

8.2

8.5

9.4

7.4

7.4

6.1

11.1

8.4

6.2

6.6

4.7

0.75

12.4

16.2

11.0

10.6

11.8

13.2

10.8

13.2

21.6

16.3

15.2

15.4

18.6

14.1

11.4

11.5

11.8

12.4

13.6

13.3

9.4

7.0

17.0

9.0

6.6

10.4

9.0

10.6

7.7

7.4

6.6

7.6

7.1

6.7

5.6

7.5

7.6

8.0

6.2

6.0

5.6

8.0

5.6

6.3

5.2

5.3

4.8

4.8

4.6

4.0

4.0

3.6

4.2

3.6

4.0

0.25

7.8

15.0

12.9

9.1

11,2

7.6

0.70

6.8

6.9

6.3

6.6

6.4

11.2

0.30

9.9

14.8

17.0

13.8

17.7

10.2

0.85

9.0

9.5

9.0

9.8

10.0

9.0

0.30

9.5

13.1

13.5

5.1

11.0

8.9

0.75

6.0

6.0

5.6

6.0

4.6

5.6

0.45

7.0

12.4

9.5

4.6

8.6

4.1

0.50

4.8

4.5

4.4

4.8

4.3

4.4

0.15

0.50

0.45

0.75

0.85

1.30

0.95

0.25

0.25

1.40

1.20

0.40

0.25

1.25

1.35

0.45

0.25

1.10

1.60

0.20

0.15

68
Table30. Average hearing levels in the batter ear at each test frequency among youths aged 12-17 years with and without

youth-reported other asr trouble,by ageand sex,with standarderrorsfix total averagescUnitedStates,1866-70

260Hz I 500 Hz I 1000 Hz 2000 Hz

Other

ear I

None

trouble

Age andsex

Both Sf!XeS

Total, 12-17 years . . . . ..-. . . . . . . . . . . . .

12 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13yasrs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..- . . . . . . . . . . . .

14 yesrs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16ymm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Boys

Total, 12-17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12yam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13yWs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Girls

Decibelsm audiometriczero [ANSI. 1869)

10.2 9.0 6.5 5.8 2.6 1.5 1.7 1.0

9.2

9.4

9.6

10.4

10-6

11.2

10.4

9.2

9.4

8.6

8.8

8-8

9.2

9.0

6.3

6.2

6.7

6.0

7.2

6.4

6.6

6.4

6.2

5.8

59

5.4

5.4

6.0

2.6

2.6

3.1

1.4

3.0

2.8

29

2.6

3.7

3.6

1.4

3.1

3.0

2.2

2.6

1-4

2.4

1.4

29

2.6

0.40

1.9

1-6

1-4

1.5

1.3

1.1

1.8

1.5

Is

2.1

2.0

1.6

1.2

2.5

1.0

1.1

1.0

7.2

1.0

0.9

1.4

9.0

10.6

9.1

10.4

12.1

11.5

9.8

9.0

9.1

8.7

8.8

8.9

9.4

9.1

59

7.6

6.8

5.6

7.7

6.6

6.4

6.6

6.2

6.2

6.2

5.6

5.4

5.6

22

1.8

1.6

1.6

1.5

1.5

12

2.7

4.0

2.3

2.4

2.1

1.9

0.8

-0.1

-0.4

1.8

1.6

1.2

02

0.40

1.7

1.5

7.4

1.5

1.1

1.5

0.6

0.4

0.6

0.6

0s

CM

0.4

0.20

Total,12-17yeam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15yaars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . .

17years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Standatderror

Total,12-17years . . . . ..- . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Boys,12-17yeers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Girls,12-17years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

9.6

8.0

10.4

10.4

9.5

9.4

9.8

8.6

81t

8-6

9.1

0.35

6.8

4.8

6.6

6.5

6.8

6-3

0.45

6.2

6.2

5.4

5.6

5.0

5.2

0.20

1.6

1.4

1.3

1.3

1.1

0s

0.55 0.25

0.75

0.65

0.35

0.35

0.55

0.50

0.25

0.20

0.55

0.45

0.30

020

0.50

0.60

025

020

69
Table 30. Average hearing levels in the better ear at each tast frequency among youths aged 12-17 years with and without

youth-repo~ed other eartrouble, byageand wx, with tiandard errors fortotalavemges: United States, 1966-70-Con.

Age and sex

3000 Hz 4000 Hz 6000 HZ 8000 HZ

T

Other

ear Nona

trouble

Speech

~

-LOther

ear None

trouble -LOther

ear None

trouble --L- Other

ear None

trouble

ear I

None

trouble

I

Both sexes Decibels re audiometric zero (ANSI, 1969)

Total, 12-17 years . . . . . . . 6.4 5.2 9.6 7.8 13.4 11.0 8.9 6.5 5.8 5.0

5.8

5.8

6.2

5.5

6.2

5.7

6.4

9.2

9.3

8.3

9.0

10.8

10.6

11.3

7.8

8.3

7.6

7.9

7.6

7.8

9.0

8.8

9.2

8.6

9.2

8.7

9.6

6.7

11.8

13.2

12.6

.13.8

15.4

13.4

14.9

11.9

15.0

12.8

13.5

20.0

16.8

11.8

10.2

10.8

10.8

11.1

11.8

11.2

12.4

11.4

11.8

12.0

12.6

13.4

13.6

9.4

8.8

9.7

9.6

9.6

10.2

9.0

0.35

9.8

7.2

7.4

9.2

9.6

9.7

10.0

6.8

7.2

6.4

6.6

5.9

6.1

7.2

7.6

8.0

6.8

7.4

6.8

6.7

5.8

5.4

5.2

5.0

5.1

4.6

4.7

5.2

12 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14 Years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5.8

5.8

6.2

6.6

7.0

6.6

7.8

5.2

5.5

5.2

5.4

5.1

5.0

6.4

8oys

Total,12-17years . . . . . . .

6.0

7.4

6.5

5.5

6.9

6.3

5.2

9.0

7.7

7.6

10.4

14.2

11.2

7.7

5.8

5.3

5.3

5.4

4.8

5,0

4.7

12years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6.6

8.8

7.2

6.9

9.6

8.4

4.6

6.2

6.6

6.2

6.6

6.5

6.0

4.0

10.5

12.1

8.0

10.0

15.2

12.8

7.6

Girls —

Total,12-17years . . . . . . .

5.4

4.0

5.8

6.5

5.6

4.8

0.35

0.50

0.50

12 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13years . . ., . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4.8

2.6

4.5

6.3

4.8

4.1

0.50

4.1

4.4

4.0

4.2

3.6

4.0

0.25

7.6

6.3

8.8

8.1

7.4

7.4

0.65

6.9

7.4

6.8

6.6

6.6

6.1

0.30

11.7

11.4

12.5

14.1

11.8

8.6

0.70

11.0

6.6

7.0

8.2

6.0

7.5

0.85

6.0

6.4

6.0

5.8

4.9

5.5

0.45

4.9

5.0

4.7

4.8

4.4

4.4

0.15

Standard error

Total,12-17years . . . . . . .

8oys,12-17years . . . . . . . . . . .

Girls,12-17years . . . . . . . . . . .

0.70

0.55

0.25

0,25

1.10

0.50

0.40

0.25

0.95

0.85

0.45

0.25

1.25

0.80

0.45

0.45

0.20

0.10

70
Table 31. Average hearing Ievels at each test frequency among youths aged 12-17 years with normal andabnormal conditions of the

right andleft external ear, byageand sex, with standard errors fortotal averages: United States, 1966-70

Ear, age, and sex

250 Hz 500 Hz I

1000 Hz 2000 Hz

~

Normal \ Abnormal Normal Abnormal Normal Abnormal

RIGHT EAR

Both sexes

Total, 12-17 years . . . . . . .

12 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13years . . . . . .. o . . . . . . . . . .

14years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15years ; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17 years, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Bovs

Decibals re audiometric zero (ANSI, 1969)

10.6 3.2 7.4

10.8

11.0

10.4

10.4

10.4

10.6

10.6

15.0 7.5 11.8 3.4 7.5

14.9

17.2

12.4

17.7

8.5

15.0

15.7

7.8

7.9

7.8

7.6

7.0

6.8

7.7

12.8

10.6

10.4

16.1

6.1

10.7

14.4

3.8

3.4

3.5

3.2

3.1

3.0

3.5

6.6

6.8

5.6

13.1

-1.2

8.0

9.4

6.3

3.0

3.0

3.4

3.4

3.2

3.0

3.4

2.9

4.6

10.6

4.4

11.2

7.0

4.0

8.5

6.7

1.75

4.6

Total,12-17years . . . . . . .

Girls

Total,12-17years . . . . . . .

Standard error of average,

total . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

LEFT EAR

10.6 14.6 7.3 10.3 3.3

0.30

11.8

1.5

12.7

0.20

7.9

8.4

8.2

8.0

7.9

7.2

7.6

8.2

1.70

9.4

0.25

3.9

1.85

4.7

0.20

3.6

Both sexes

Total, 12-17 years . . . . . . .

12years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Boys

Total,12-17years . . . . . . .

Girls

Total,12-17years ,,..,..

Standard error of average,

total . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

9.5

14.8

9.3

9.8

7.3

4.6

10.6

4.4

4.2

3.8

3.8

3.8

3.6

4.3

5.8

11.8

4.6

5.8

-1.8

1.0

6.1

3.8

4.0

3.4

3.8

3.6

3.4

4.4

3.0

8.2

7.1

-0.2

4.8

4.2

4.4

6.7

11.6

12.0

11.2

11.8

11.8

12.0

11.6

13.0

19.4

9.1

12.9

9.6

13.4

11.9

8.8

1.40

11.8 3.8 3.4

0.40

13.2

1.6

7.6

0.25

3.5

0.25 1.60 0.20 1.50

71
Table 31. Averaga hearing Ievels at each test frequency among youths aged 12-17 years with normal andabnormal conditions of the

right and left external ear, byageand sex, with ~andard errors fortotal averages: United States, 1966-70-Con.

3000 Hz I

4000 Hz 6000 HZ I

8000 iiz

Ear, aga, and sex

Normal Abnormal Normal Abnormal Normal Abnormal Normal Abnormal

RIGHT EAR

Both sexes

Total, 12-17 years . . . . . . . .

Decibals re audiometric zero (ANSI, 1969)

7.4 12.0 10.2 15.3 14.2 21.3 10.1 16.8

18.4

17.8

23.0

24.8

21.0

22.0

26.3

17.0

14.4

16.6

19.4

11.0

20.2

22.0

12years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13yaers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Boys

Total,12-17years . . . . . . .

Girls

Total,12-17years . . . . . . .

7.2

7.6

7.3

7.7

7.4

7.2

8.4

13.5

12.2

8.4

16.0

9.2

10.0

13.3

9.9

10.4

10.2

10.2

10.3

10.2

11.4

17.7

19.2

10.8

17.8

13.6

8.9

18.4

13.2

14.0

14.0

14.4

15.3

14.5

16.0

10.0

10.5

9.8

10.4

10.0

10.0

11.2

6.4

0.25

8.2

11.3

2.25

10.4

9.0

0.25

11.8

13.4

2.45

13.8

12.4

0.40

15.4

18.2

2.00

19.7

9.0 13.8

Standard error of average,

total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.50

10.4

2.60

12.8

LEFT EAR

Both sexes

Total,12-17years . . . . . . .

12years, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13yaars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Boys

Total,12-17years . . . . . . .

Girls

Total,12-17years . . . . . . .

Standard error of avarage,

total . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8.1

8.6

8.1

8.4

8.0

7.9

9.8

16.8

14.2

6.6

10.1

6.8

8.4

13.2

11.6

12.0

11.6

11.8

12.0

12.0

13.5

20.1

18.5

9.4

14.4

8.4

12.6

17.0

14.6

15.2

15.0

15.8

16.4

16.1

17.3

21.8

24.4

21.0

17.4

17.2

15.9

22.2

11.2

11.1

10.0

10.4

9.8

10.0

11.6

17.0

17.0

15.6

9.4

9.6

8.2

14.2

6.6 8.8 10.2 11.9 13.6 18.2 9.2

0.40

12.0

0.25 1.70 0.35 1.95 0.40 1.65 1.75

72
Table 32. Avarage hearing levels in the right earateach test frequency among youths agad 12-17 years with normal and abnormal

conditions of theright andleft audito~canal, byageand sex, with standard errors fortota[ averages: United States, 1966-70

250 tiz 500 Hz 1000 Hz 2000 Hz

Ear, age, and sex I I I

Normal Abnormal Normal Abnormal Normal Abnormal Normal Abnormal

RIGHT EAR

Both sexes

Total, 12-17 years . . . . . . .

12years . .. m. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Boys

Total,12-17years . . . . . . .

Girls

Total,12-17years . . . . . . .

Standard error of average,

total . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

LEFT EAR

Both sexes

Total,12.17years . . . . . . .

12 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14yeers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16yeers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Bovs

Decibels re audiometric zaro (ANSI, 1969)

10.6 I 11.5 7.4 8.4 3.2 4.6 3.0 5.4

10.6

11.0

10.3

10.4

10.4

10.6

12.7

11.6

11.6

11.0

10.6

11.4

7.5

7.8

7.7

7.6

7.0

6.8

7.6

10.4

8.8

8.4

7.8

7.6

7.0

8.3

3.6

3.2

3.4

3.2

3.0

3.0

3.4

6.0

5.0

4.2

4.6

4.4

3.4

4.4

2.7

2.8

3.2

3.2

3.0

2.8

5.6

5.2

6.0

5.8

5.1

4.8

I

10.6 3.2 5.6 I

11.0

T

10.5 12.0

0.30 0.50

11.8 12.0

7.2

0.20

7.8

8.6

0.45

8.6

3.1 5.0 2.6

0.20

5.4

0.20 0.40

3.8

0.45

4.6 3.4 5.5

11.6

12.2

11.2

11.8

11.7

12.0

11.6

12.0

11.3

12.2

12.4

12.3

8.3

8.2

B.O

7.8

7.2

7.6

8.1

9.0

9.2

7.8

8.9

8.0

7.8

8.8

4.2

4.2

3.8

3.7

3.6

3.4

4.3

5.2

4.9

3.0

4.8

5.0

4.4

4.7

3.5

3.8

3.2

3.6

3.4

3.2

5.6

5.8

5.0

5.6

5.4

5.5

Total,12-17years . ., . . . .

Girls —

Total,12-17years . . . . . . .

Standard error of average,

total . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

11.6 11.9 4.1 6.2

7.6 8.2 3.4 4.4 2.7 4.8

0.40 0.55 0.25 0.30 0.25 0.40 0.20 0.40

73
Table 32. Average hearing levels in the right earateach test frequency among youths aged 12-17 years with normal and abnormal

conditions of theright andleft auditory canal, byageand sex, with standard errors for total averages: United States, 1966-70-Con.

Ear, age, and sex

3000 HZ 4000 Hz 6000 Hz 8000 HZ

I 1 I

Normal Abnormal Normal Abnormal Normal Abnormal Normal Abnormal

RIGHT EAR

Both sexes

Total, 12-17 years . . . . . . .

12years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Boys

Totalr12-17years . . . . . . .

Girls

Total,12-17years . . . . . . .

Standard error of average,

total . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

LEFT EAR

Both sexes

Decibels re audiometric zero (ANS 1, 1969)

7.1 10.0 10.1 11.4 14.1 15.6 9.9 12.3

6.8

7.3

7.0

7.5

7.0

7.0

8.2

10.2

9.8

10.4

9.8

10.0

9.2

10.6

9.8

10.4

10.0

10.0

10.2

10.2

11.4

11.1

11.6

12.0

12.1

11.2

10.0

12.0

13.0

14.0

13.8

14.2

15.2

14.4

16.0

14.6

14.4

17.1

16.2

16.4

15.7

16.3

9.8

10.4

9.6

10.2

9.6

9.7

11.1

11.2

11.4

13.2

12.4

12.2

14.0

12.9

6.0 9.3 8.8 10.8 12.1 15.0 8.6 11.7

0.20

8.0

8.0

8.4

7.9

8.4

7.6

7.7

9.6

0.60

9.8

9.4

10.0

9.9

9.0

10.9

9.4

11.2

0.25

11.8

11.6

12.0

11.6

11.8

11.8

12.0

13.5

0.50

12.4

12.2

12.2

11.6

12.5

13.7

12.1

13.4

0.40

15.5

14.6

15.2

15.0

15.8

16.4

16.1

17.4

0.50

15.7

15.0

15.5

15.6

15.5

16.8

16.2

17.4

0.50

10.0

9.8

10.4

9,6

10.5

9.5

9.8

11.2

0.65

12.0

11.3

11.8

12.6

10.8

13.6

12.6

12.2

Total,12-17years . . . . . . .

12 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13years m, ., .m. , . . . . . . . ..m

14years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Boys

Total,12-17years . . . . . . .

Girls

Total,12-17years . . . . . . .

Standard error of average,

total . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6.4 8.3 10.0 11.3 13.6 14.0 8.6 11.8

0.20 0.55 0.30 0.65 0.40 0.45 0.50 0.60

74
Table 33. Average hearing levels ateachtest frequency among youths aged 12-17 years with partial orcomplete occlusion of theright andleft autitowcanal, by

age, sex, and degree of occlusimr, with standard errors fortotalaveragex United States, 1966-70

Ear, age, and sex

250 HZ

e

500 Hz

*

RIGHT EAR

Both sexes

Total, 12-17 years . . . . . . . .

12years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13years, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14 yews . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17 years ,. ...!.. . . . . . . . . . . .

Boys —

T0tal,12-17 years . . . . . . . .

Girls —

Total, 12-17 years . . . . . . . .

Standard error of average,

total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

LEFT EAR

Both sexes

Total, 12-17 years . . . . . . . .

12years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13 yews . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Boys —

Total, 12.17 years . . . . . . . .

—Girls

Total, 12-17 years . . . . . . . .

Standard error of average,

total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Decibels re audiometric zero (ANS 1, 1969)

11.4 10.8 11.8 8.9 4.6 3.8 5.1

T

8.3 7.6

10.4 9.8

8.7 7.6

8.2 9.2

7.6 5.8

7.4 6.9

8.4 5.2

8.2 8.4

5.4 4.0

5.7 5.5

5.1 2.6

6.0 6.1

5.6 4.3

6.6

5.8

7.4

6.0

6.8

8.0

5.4

6.6

12.6

11.6

11.2

11.0

10.6

10.9

11.0

12.3

10.7

13.0

9.0

9.7

10.4

11.0

13.0

12.5

9.6

12.8

11.4

11.2

11.0

11.1

9.8

7.6

9.4

7.9

7.0

8.1

5.9

5.0

4.0

4.4

4.4

2.9

4.3

5.8

4.0

4.8

3.2

2.8

1.3

4.1

5.9

5.8

3.3

5.6

5.7

3.8

4.4

5.3

4.5

1.8

3.0

5.6 4.3

11.8 T8.4 6.8

0.50

12.0

10.7

0.70

11.4

12.8

0.55

12.5

9.8 4.8 3.6 5.8 5.2 3.7 6.6

I

0.45 0.50

8.6 8.1

0.45 0.60

5.6 4.6

0.60

5.0

0.50

6.6

-

6.6

7.2

4.9

7.8

5.8

6.7

7.5

0.55

9.0

0.50

4.5

0.65

4.0

11.6

12.0

11.2

12.2

12.4

12.4

11.8

12.0

10.8

12.4

11.6

10.3

11.5

12.0

11.7

11.2

12.4

11.7

10.8

13.8

13.4

12.7

12.0

9.0 8.2

9.2 8.6

7.8 8.0

9.0 7.8

8.0 7.9

9.8

9.8

7.7

10.0

8.2

7.8

8.9

4.9

4.9

3.0

4.8

4.B

4.4

4.6

4.6

4.4

3.6

3.6

4.8

2.5

4.1

5.3

5.3

2.4

5.8

4.9

5.8

5.1

5.7

6.0

5.0

5.7

5.6

5.6

5.0

4.8

5.0

3.3

5.4

7.9 8.0 4.3

8.8 8.8 6.4 5.0

z

8.2 7.6

0.30 0.30

I

--1-- 13.2 9.0 4.3 4.0 4.8 4.B 4.4 5.4

0.55 0.70 0.60 0.45 0.45 0.50 0.60 0.40

75
Table 33. Average hearing lavels.et each test frequency among youths aged 12-17 years with partial orcomplete occlusion of theright andleft autito~canal, by

age, sex, and degree of occlusion, with standard errors fortotalaverage~ United States, 1966-70-Con.

6000 HZ 8000 Hz

Total Par- COm- Total Par. COmoccludad tially pletely occ[udad tially pletely

Ear, age, and sex

RIGHT EAR

Both sexes

Total, 12-17 years . . . . . . . .

12 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

BOVS

Decibels re audiometric zero (ANS 1, 1969)

9.8 8.4 10.9 11.2 10.6 11.4 1!5.4 15.0 10.4 I 13.5

16.2

13.8

16.0

15.2

13.4

13.3

16.8

13.6

0.65

14.8

14.4

14.6

16.4

14.8

15.6

13.2

16.6

15.7

13.2

15.0

15.2

15.9

18.9

16.4

15.6

15.6

0.65

16.4

15.5

16.2

14.6

16.0

17.7

18.7

17.8

12.1

11.2

11.4

12.6

12.0

12.4

13.6

12.6

10.2

9.8

10.2

9.6

10.0

8.6

10.6

9.0

10.4

8.8

8.7

9.0

7.4

4.4

9.9

10.0

10.8

11.5

10.2

12.1

11.0

11.0

11.1

11.7

11.3

11.6

11.3

9.6

11.9

12.8

10.8

10.8

11.2

I 0.0

7.5

12.3

9.6

0.70

12.0

[1.4

11.8

12.6

11.0

13.6

11.6

12.8

9.6

12.5

11.8

12.0

12.4

10.9

11.6

11.4

0.55

12.6

12.6

12.6

10.2

13.8

13.6

12.6

13.8

14.6

14.4

16.4

15.6

16.4

15.2

16.1

14.7

0.40

15.6

14.8

15.5

15.4

15.4

16.7

16.4

17.3

11.6 10.8

9.6 12.8

11.2 13.6

10.7 13.4

8.1 15.6

10.8 16.4

Total, 12-17 years . . . . . . . .

Girls

.

Total, 12-17 yeara . . . . . . . .

Standard armr of average,

total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

LEFT EAR

8oth sexes

Total,12-17 years . . . . . . . .

12yaars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13yaars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Boys —

Total, 12.17 years . . . . . . . .

Girls —

Total, 12-17 yaars . . . . . . . .

Standard error of avaraga,

total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1

12.0 13.5

7.2 10.8 10.4 9.1 13,6

0.45

12.3

11.4

0.65

11.8

13.0

12.1

9.6

10.4

13.3

12.4

13.0

0.55

9.7

9.2

10.2

9.8

9.1

10.7

9.4

11.1

0.65

8.8

8.2

10.3

9.8

7.0

9.8

7.6

10.0

0.55

10.6

0.80 O,BO

10.6

~

13.0

11.1

10.6

8.4

10.6

6.0

13.0

~

13.0

13.0

8.7

12.2

16.1

16,6

10.6

10.0

9.8

11.0

11.6

10.8

11.9

12.0

12.2

11.4

12.5

13.7

12.2

13.4 11,4 I 14.2

8.3 7.8 9.0 11.2 11.4 11.1 14.0 73.4 14.6 10.7 9.8 I 11.6

0.55 0.75 0.55 0.65 0,80 0.60 0.40 0.55 0.65 0.60 0.70 I 0.76

76
Table 34. Average hearing levels in the right ear at each test frequency among youths aged 12-17 years with normal and abnormal conditions of the right drum, by age

and sex, with standard errors for total averagex United States, 1965-70

Em, age, and sex

RIGHT EAR

Both sexes

Total, 12-17 years . . .

12 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13years . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

BOYS —

Total, 12.17 yaars . . .

—Girls

Total, 12-17 years . . .

Standard error of

average, total . . . .

LEFT EAR

Both sexes

Total, 12-17 years . . .

12 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

73 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17years . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

BOW —

Total, 12-17 years . . .

—Girls

Total, 12-17 years . . .

Standard error of

average, total . . . .

250 Hz 500 Hz 1000 Hz 2000 Hz

Normal Abnormal

Not

Normal Abnormal

Not

Normal Abnormal

Not

Normal Abnormal Not

v;sible visib Ie vi$ible visible

Decibels re audiometric zero [ANSI, 1969)

11.7 7.2 10.0

13.6 7.2 10.6

12.0 7.6 11.0

9.6 7.4 10.4

12.0 7.2 10.2

10.8 6.8 9.3

11.4 6.6 8.1

11.0 7.3 10.8

12.4 7.0 9.0

0.45 0.20 0.50

12.4 7.6 9.9

13.0 7.8 11.1

12.2 7.8 17.4

10.7 7.7 10.3

13.2 7.7 8.2

12.7 6.8 10.3

12.7 7.4 8.3

12.0 7.8 10.4

13.0 7.3 9.4

0,50 0.20 0.65

10.3 12.8 8.8 3.0 6.2 5.0 2.8 5.1 6.1

10.2

10.6

10.2

10.2

10.0

10.5

13.4

14.0

12.8

12.3

13.0

11.6

11.6

9.0

7.4

8.8

7.4

7.4

8.3

3.3

3.0

3.2

2.8

2.6

2.8

6.4

7.3

6.6

6.2

5.7

4.6

6.6

4.8

3.2

5.4

5.0

4.0

2.6

2.6

3.0

2.8

2.8

2.6

4.2

5.0

6.0

6.4

4.9

4.0

6.2

6.0

6.6

5.6

6.4

6.6

5.2

6.2

5.9

0.40

6.4

10,2 13.4 3.0 7.2 4.5 2.9

+

9.2 3.0 5.0

0.55

9.0

10.4

9.8

7.6

9.8

7.8

8.0

9.0

5.4 2.6 3.9

0.50

5.3

5.8

6.2

5.5

4.2

6.2

3.9

6.3

#

0.30 0.55

11.4 13.8

11.2 14.0

11.8 15.2

11.0 13.8

11.5 12.6

-L0.20 0.5!

3.5 6.6

0.50 0.20

4.9 3.2

L

3.8 8.0

3.6 8.6

3.4 6.6

3.5 5.0

3.2 7.4

3.2 4.4

3.9 7.2

5.8

5.3

2.6

5.4

4.6

5.3

3.2

3.4

3.0

3.4

3.0

3.1

6.6

7.6

5.0

7.0

5.5

6.3

7.4

11.4 14.8

11.9 12.3

11.3 14.0 5.0 3.8

9.2 3.1 6.0

-t4.8 2.6 4.3 5.4

0.40 I 0.65 0.45 0.25 I 0.60 0.40 0.40

77
Table 34. Average hearing levels in the right ear at each test frequency among youths aged 12-17years with normal and abnormal conditions of the right drum, by age

and sex, with standard errors for total averages: United States, 1966-70-Crm.

3000 Hz 4000 Hz 6000 HZ 8000 Hz

Normal Abnormal

Not

Normal Abnormal

Not

Normal Abnormal

Not

Normal

Not

visible visible

Abnormal

visible visible

Ear, age, and sex

RIGHT EAR

Both sexes

Total, 12.17 years . .

12 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13years . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

BOYS —

Total, 12-17 years . .

—Girls

Total, 12-17 years . . .

Standard error of

average, total . . .

LEFT EAR

Both sexes

Total, 12-17 years . .

12years . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14years . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Boys —

Total, 12-17 years . . .

—Girls

Total, 12-17 years . . .

Standard error of

average, total . . . .

Decibels re audiometric zero (ANSI, 1969)

6.9 9.5 10.6 9.7 13.7 11.4 13.6 18.4 15.5 9.4 14.0 13.0

_

6.8

7.0

6.6

7.2

7.0

6.8

7.8

8.6

10.4

10.6

10.6

8.1

8.4

11.4

10.8

10.6

11.2

10.0

11.0

10.6

11.0

9.3

10.0

9.7

9.5

9.9

9.8

10.B

14.4

14.2

13.0

15.6

12.6

12.1

16.2

11.0

11.1

11.7

11.4

11.3

11.8

10.6

11.8

10.8

12.6

13.6

13.4

13.6

14.8

14.2

15.4

18.3

18.6

18.4

19.6

18.3

16.9

21.4

15.1

14.2

14.4

15.4

15.8

17.7

16.0

15.8

15.4

9.2

9.9

9.2

9.6

9.4

9.4

10.4

15.8

15.0

13.8

15.8

11,0

11.8

16.7

11.0

11.6

12.2

12.8

12.4

14.B

15.2

13.4

6.0 7.4 10.2 8.6 11.8 8,5 12.7

0.25

7.8

0.65

10.3

0.45

10.5

0.25

11.4

0.50

14.4

0.40

12.6

0.35

16.0

0.75

19.2

0.60

16.1

_

15.6

16.6

14.2

15.4

16.6

18.2

17.6

0.45

9.8

_

10.4

10.4

9.6

10.0

9.0

9.2

11.0

0.95

14.0

0.76

— 12.8_ _ _

7.7

8.0

7.6

8.1

7.5

7.6

9.3

6.2

0.25

10.0

12.3

10.9

9.9

10.6

8.2

12.4

11.2

10.3

9.8

10.4

10.6

10.6

11.8

11.1

11.6

11.2

11.4

11.6

11.9

13.0

15.2

15.4

14.6

14.1

13.8

13.0

17.4

13.0

13.2

10.6

12.9

13.8

12.0

13.7

14.1

14.6

14.8

15.3

15.9

15.6

16.8

18.2

20.3

17.4

19.8

20.6

19.3

21.5

15.7

15.8

14.3

12.6

13.4

12.4

16.0

14.2

13.3

9.0

11.2

14.2

14.8

14,1

8.2

0.40

9.0 9.9 11.4 11.4 13.2 17.0 14.2 8.6 12.0 11.4

0.50 0.30 0.45 0.70 0.40 0.65 0.55 0.35 0.75 0.80

78
Table 35. Average hearing Ievels at each test frequency among youtha aged 12-17 years, by mobility of the drum of the right and Ieftear, age, andsex, with

Ear, age, and sex

standard errorefor total averages: United States, 1966-70

250 HZ 500 Hz 1000 Hz

Pneumatic Pneumatic Pneumatic

2000 Hz

Pneumatic

.,-- I .,. I @JscoPY I ., I . . I OmscODv I .,a, No Otoscopy

Yes

unsatis1

I factory ] I I factory I factory

Tes INo I I Unsati+ I ‘esI ‘0 I un=t~s-’I ‘

RIGHT EAR

Decibels re audiometric zero (ANSI, 1969)

Both sexes

Total, 12-17 years . . . . . . 10.4 16,0 7.4

—

7.5

7.8

7.7

7.5

6.8

6.6

7.6

7.2

11.8

_

15.3

14.2

10.2

9.8

12.0

10.4

14.2

8.9

11.8 8.8 8.0 4.8 2.9 7.7

—

13.2

11.8

10.3

12.2

11.7

11.4

11.2

12.5

3.2 6.0

5.6

6.0

6.1

6.4

6.5

5.1

6.2

5.7

0.40

6.3

6.8

7.1

5.0

6,5

6.0

6.2

7.3

12yeers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16yews . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

10.5

I 0.9

I 0.3

10.4

I0.1

10.4

I0.4

18.2

16.6

16.3

11.9

16.2

18.4

17,6

11.2

8.6

7.8

9.0

8.0

7.6

6.2

9.4

0.55

9.2

3.5

3.3

3.4

3.2

2.8

3.0

3.3

12.3

9.8

8.4

5.2

8.2

4.2

10.3

6.6

4.5

3.3

4.9

4.9

4.0

4.2

2.8

2.8

3.2

3.2

2.8

2.8

3.1

7.8

6.6

6.7

8.1

9.7

7.4

10.8

Bova

Total, 12.17 years . . . . . .

Girls —

Total, 12-17 years . . . . . . 0.4. 14.2 3.1

0.20

3.7

4.0

4.1

3.7

3.7

3.4

3.4

4.1

3.3

0.25

5.2

1.70

10.2

12.9

10.2

9.0

8.7

14.1

4.8

11.3

5.3 2.7 4.0

Standard error of

average, total . . . . . , . 0,30

1.6

1.35

18.2

0.50

12.7

0.20

7.6

1.40

14.3

0.60

5.0

6.6

5.2

3.2

4.4

5.2

6.5

5.2

0.2C

3.4

=

3.4

3.6

3.2

3.4

3.2

3.2

4.0

1.05

8.0

9.4

7.0

5.6

9.4

11.9

3.6

8.7

LEFT EAR

8oth sexes

Total, 12-17 years . . . . . .

12years, , .,....,.....,.,

13 years..............,.,

14years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15yaers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1.3

2.0

1.2

1.6

1.5

1.8

1.4

11.7

0.40

20.8

IB.7

16.7

17.6

19.6

15.6

18.9

13.6

12.4

11.0

12.7

13.0

13.3

12.5

7.9

8.0

7.6

7.8

7.0

7.4

7.9

19.6

14.0

12.7

11.6

16.4

10.6

14.8

11.1

9.6

8.2

9.2

7.8

8.8

9.3

BOya

—

Total, 12-17 years . . . . . .

Girls —

Total, 12-17 years . . . . . . 17.4

1.75

13.0

0.46

5.2

0.35

7.4

0.20

13.6 9.2 8.8 4.8 2.7 7.0

Standard error of

average, total . . . . . . . 2.45 0.35 2.45 0.5? 0.2C

—

1.85

79
Table 35. Average hearing Ieveis at each test frequency among youths aged 12-17 years, by mobility of the drum of the right and left ear, age. andsex, w!th

standard errors fortotal averages: Unitad States, 1966-70–Con.

3000 Hz 4000 Hz 6000 HZ 8000 HZ

Ear, age, and sex

Pneumatic Pneumatic Pneumatic Pneumatkc

Yes No

Otoscopy

Yes No

Otoscopy

Yes No

Otoscopy

Yes No

Otoscopy

unsat is- unsatis- unsatis- unsatisfactory factory factory factory

RIGHT EAR

Decibels re audiometric zero (ANS 1, 1889)

Both sexes

Total, 12-17 years . . . . 7.1 11.2 10.6

10.8

10.4

11.4

10.2

10.6

10.5

11.0

10.0

9.7

10.4

10.0

10.1

10.0

10.0

11.2

15.8

18.5

16.0

14.3

13.4

20.8

12.2

18.8

11.6

11.4

11.4

11.9

12.0

11.8

11.0

12.0

14.0 20.6 15.9 9.8 17.0

22.3

13.7

14.8

17.7

19.6

14.6

21.4

13.0

12.1

11.2

13.0

12.4

13,8

15.1

13.5

6.8

7.2

6.9

7.5

7.0

7.0

8.2

13.4

12.2

11.0

11.6

11.2

7.6

14.5

12years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13.0

13.9

13.8

f4.2

14.8

14.4

15.8

21.0

21.0

21.1

19.4

24.1

16.7

24.8

14.6

14.4

15.9

16.2

18.2

16.4

16.1

9.6

10,4

9.6

10,2

9.4

9.6

10.9

Boys —

Total, 12-17 years . . . .

Girls —

Totalr 12-17 years . . . . 6.0 7.2 10.2 8.8 12.3 11.2 12.1 15.6 15.7 8.7 12.0 12.4

Standard error of

average, total . . . . . 0.25

7.9

1.15

12.7

0.45

10.6

0.25

11.6

1.25

17.9

0.45

12.8

0.40

15.4

2.00

20.0

0.55

16.2

0.50

10.2

1.65

16.6

0,85

12.6

LEFT EAR

Both sexes

Total, 12-17 years . . . .

12years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

l.Jyear~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7.8

8.4

7.8

8.2

7.6

7.6

9.6

15.2

11.2

11.8

13.0

15.4

9.0

13.8

11.2

10.3

10.2

10.0

71.0

10.6

11.8

11.4

11.8

11.5

11.6

11.6

12.0

13.4

18.7

16.0

15.8

18.4

23.0

15.2

20.2

13.6

12.8

10.6

12.8

14.0

12.5

13.8

14.4

15.1

15.0

15.8

16.2

15.9

17.2

23.0

16.2

18.2

21.2

24.7

16.4

23.0

16.0

16.0

15.0

15.2

16.8

18.5

17.8

10.8

11.0

9.9

10.2

9.2

9.6

11.3

20.6

13.6

17.6

17.2

18.0

11.4

18.6

14.5

12.2

9.3

11.2

13.8

14.6

14.0

Boys

—

Total, 12-17 years . . . .

Girls —

Total, f2-17years . . . . 6.3

0,20

11.2

2.15

9.2

0.45

?0.0

0.30

14.9

2.35

17.6

0.65

13.5

0.40

16.3

2.15

14.4

0.50

9.0

0.40

14.0

2,65

11.0

0.70

Standard error of

awrage, total . . . .

80
Table 36. Average hearing levels in the right and left ear at each test frequency among youths aged 12-17 years with bulging or

retracted drum, byageand sex, with standard errors fortotal averages: United States, 1966-70

250 Hz 500 HZ 1000 Hz 2000 Hz

Bulging Retracted Bulging Retracted Bulging Ret ractad Bulging Retracted

Ear, age, and sex

RIGHT EAR

Both sexes

Total, 12-17 yaars . . . . . . . .

12years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Bovs

Decibels re audiometric zero (ANSI, 1969)

11.0 14.3 9.4 10.6

15.2

8.8

12.4

10.6

7.8

8.5

13.1

1.6

-0.8

0.0

6.8

2.2

2.5

3.3

7.4 1.8

4.0

-2.2

8.0

5.4

-2.5

4.4

5.7

12.2

13.2

6.2

12.2

7.5

11.3

19.0

17.6

13.6

12.8

10.8

13.2

17.2

13.8

11.2

6.4

8.6

2.5

9.0

13.8

6.4

9.4

4.8

4.5

5.8

9.9

8.8

0.0

7.2

6.4

3.4

7.8

8.4

3.2

Total,12-17years . . . . . . . .

Girls

Total, 12-17years ... .,...

Standard error of average,

total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

LEFT EAR

Both sexes

Total,12-17years . . . . . . . .

12 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Boys

Total, 12-17years . . . . . . . .

Girls

Total,12-17years . . . . . . . .

Standard error of average,

total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

10.6 11.6

1.40

15.0

15.0

22.6

14.4

14.8

15.0

10.3

16.6

10.0

3.75

8.8

11.4

10.7

7.5

13.8

–3.0

10.0

4.2

8.3 -1.6 4.9 -3.4

2.45

10.5

12.8

10.9

7.5

15.0

5.4

7.5

9.1

1.15

10.6

1.50

3.6

1.50

8.2

2.25

1.2

1.25

5.6

12.5

13.3

12.6

8.6

10.6

6.4

11.4

4.6

6.0

-2.5

8.0

-1.0

0.0

2.6

11.8

8.4

10.6

6.8

8.0

3.7

9.4

-0.8

-1.0

-2.5

6.2

3.4

-0.1

1.4

1.0

8.6

4.8

4.0

6.0

6.0

4.2

7.4

11.5 13.8 12.2 10.0 4.4 7.2 3.8

2.25 1.65 2.90 1.40 1.80 1.70 1.75 1.20

81
Table 36. Average hearing levels in the right and left ear at each test frequency among youths aged 12-17 yaars with bulging or

retracted drum, by ageandsex, with standard errors for total averages: United States, 1966-70–Con.

~

RIGHT EAR

Both sexes

I

Total, 12-17 years . . . . . . . .

12 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

BOYS

Total,12-17years . . . . . . . .

Girls

3000 Hz 4000 Hz 6000 HZ 8000 HZ

Bulging Retracted Bulging Retracted Bulging Retracted Bulging Retracted

Decibels re audiometric zero (ANSI, 1969)

7.4 9.6 13.9 19.6 19.4 15.2

7.4

5.6

6.0

8.8

11.2

9.4

3.4

17.2 21.6

20.6

17.4

13.2

43.0

13.6

26.6

12.0

16.7

6.2

13.2

B.4

5.6

7.0

13.6

7.2

13.2

14.7

34.6

20.6

23.0

6.4

19.7

10.5

15.0

14.1

12.4

12.3

17.4

30.0

18.6

19.5

17.4

19.3

16.0

23.9

15.4

13.6

13.2

10.3

38.0

28.8

26.6

28.8

14.8

15.2

15.0

10.0

10,2

18.8

11.8

2.10

12.9

18.4

13.2

13.B

12.0

12.0

8.4

15.2

Total,12-17years . . . . . . . .

Standard error of average,

total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

LEFT EAR

Both sexes

Totai,12-17years . . . . . . . .

12 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

BOYS

5.8 10.5 5.7

2.55

3.1

1.40

11.3

4.80

11.8

1.35

14.1

7.30

13.2

5.6

13.0

2.5

28.0

6.0

17.3

11.0

1.90

19.3

23.6

21.9

20.0

17.1

18.8

16.0

23.0

6.55

8.1

10.3

8.2

2.5

7.0

9.5

14.9

10.0

3.9

2.6

2.5

4.5

1.4

4.9

4.0

13.2

11.3

11.5

10.8

9.6

12.0

14.2

14.2

10.6

7.5

10.6

16.5

14.8

12.9

16.6

14.9

15.4

13.7

10.9

14.0

Total,12-17years . . . . . . . . 18.6

Girls

Total,12-17years . . . . . . . .

Standard error of average,

total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2.4

1.65

8.8 11.0

2.45

10.2 14.8

6.70

16.1

1.15

6.6 10.9

1.15 1.15 2.15 1.70

82
Table 37. Average hearing levels intheright andleftear at each test frequency among youths aged 12-17years with discoloration of

thedrum inthetest ear, bydrumcolor, age, andsex, with standard errors fortotal averages: United Statas, 1966-70

250 Hz

I

Other

Red discoloration

500 Hz

I

Other

Red discoloration

1000 Hz

T

Other

Red discoloration

2000 HZ

I

Ear, age, and sax Other

Red discoloration

RIGHT EAR

Both sexes

Total, 12-17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15years . . . . . .. m....... . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Boys

Total,12-17years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Girls

Total,12-17years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Standard error ofaverage, total . . . . . . . . .

LEFT EAR

Both sexes

Total,12-17yaars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13years . . . . . .. i........ . . . . . . . . . . . .

14years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15years . ., .,, , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Boys

Decibels re audiometric zero (ANSI, 1969)

12.3 3.0

12.5

-2.5

12.5

-2.5

9.4 –2.5

-2.5

-2.5

5.4

6.0

9.1

3.3

I 0.7

0.9

2.6

5.3

-0.6

2.5

-2.5

2.5

4.1 13.0

22.5

7.5

22.5

13.7

14.6

11.0

11.6

8.7

12.4

12.5

13.9

11.6

6.4

12.5

4.2

6.2

9.6

9.0

5.5

3.2

3.2

8.1

3.0

2.8

3.6

11.9 -2.5 5.6 -2.5 4.8 7.5

30.75

9.4

7.5

12.5

9.4

1.90

12.4

25.85

22.5

1.40

8.6

22.50

17.5

1.95

5.6

23.50

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

1.15

5.6

14.6

12.2

I 0.0

11.7

10.0

I4.4

12.9

10.0

10.4

7.0

10.3

4.5

8.9

6.8

11.9

9.4

9.6

2.5

7.5

1.7

1.9

5.5

7.6

6.2

3.0

6.0

3.7

6.1

5.2

22.5

22.5

22.5

17.5

17.5

Total,12-17years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.5

Girls

Total,12-17years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Stendard error ofaverage, total . . . . . . . . .

11.5 5.8 6.5

1.20 35.00 1.25 32.50 1.20 25.00 1.25 28.50

B3
Table 37. Average hearing levels in the right and Iaftear at each test frequency among youths aged 12-17years with tiscolorationof

the drum inthetest ear, bydrumcolor, age, andsex, with standard errors fortotal averages: United States, 1966-70–Con.

3000 Hz I 4000 Hz 6000 Hz I 8000 I-Iz

Ear, age, and sex Other

discolor- Red

ation

Other

discolor- Red

ation

Other

discoloration

Other

Red Red discoloration

RIGHT EAR

Both sexes

Total, 12-17 yaars . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13yaars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Boys

Total,12-17years . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Girls

Total,12-17years . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Standard error ofaverage, total . . . . .

LEFT EAR

Both sexes

Total,12-17years . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Boys

Total,12-17years . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Girls

Totalr12-17years . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Standard error ofaverager total . . . . .

Decibels re audiometric zero (ANSI, 1969)

9.3

~

8.4

11.3

7.5

10.7

11.2

7.3

9.6

9.4

12.5

7.5

12.5

15.0

12.4

15.0

12.0

15.9

22.5

15.4

8.8

2.5

12.5

17.2 15.6

12.5

17.5

12.5

13.1 3.8

-2.5

7.5

-2.5

14.2

18.5

17.2

14.2

26.1

12.9

17.9

10.2

15.0

13.1

10.0

13.4

16.6

15.6 2.5 13.8

8.8 7.5 14.0 I 12.5 16.0 17.5 11.8 7.5

1.70

7.1

9.4

5.6

4.7

7.4

7.0

6.8

7.0

28.45

22.4

12.5

37.5

22.4

2.35 28.35

13.8 21.4

3.10

18.2

17.6

18.6

11.4

35.0

8.1

20.2

16.4

21.3

31.60

31.6

37.5

22.5

31.6

2.50

11.4

12.9

10.0

6.9

18.7

7.0

12.4

10.6

25.85

6.4

2.5

12.5

6.4

17.4

9.6

10.5

12.4

11.4

17.0

17.5

27.5

13.8 21.4

7.2 13.7 13.0

1.45 36.05 1.50 I 34.65 2.65 39.85 1.80 27.20

84
Table 38. Average hearing levels intheright andlefi earateach test frequency amOngyOuths aged 12-17years with a perforated drum

inthetest ear, with andwithout discharge, byageand sex, with Wandard errors for total averages: United States, 1966-70

Ear, age, and sex

250 Hz I

500 Hz I

1000 Hz I

2000 Hz

With Without With

scharge discharge discharge

Without

discherge

With Without With Without

discharge discharge discharge discharge

RIGHT EAR

8oth sexes

Total, 12-17 years . . . . .

12years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14years . . . . .. m. . . . . . . . .

Decibels re audiometric zero (ANSI, 1969)

19.8 29.2 15.0 20.0 11.6 16.5 11.4 14.9

23.0

22.6

19.2

17.2

6.0

23.2

23.8

37.5

22.1

39.8

27.5

34.1

15.3

17.6

15.2

15.6

4.8

16.3

19.6

23.0

14.8

29.4

22.5

25.0

13.4

13.2

11.8

13.2

-0.1

13.3

15.3

20.2

10.8

27.0

17.5

18.6

-0.2

15.0

11.4

14.9

9.9

12.4

14.9

8.0

2.20

8.0

17.0

10.0

24.4

17.5

18.4

11.4

3.25

23.6

17.5

39.7

7.7

25.8

15 years . . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . . .

17 years . . . . . . . . . . .

Boys

Total, 12-17 years

Girls

Total, 12-17 years

Standard error of

average, total ,

LEFT EAR

Both sexes

Total, 12-17 years

12years . . . . . . . . . . .

13 years . . . . . . . . . . .

14yaers . . . . . ..m...

15 years . . . . . . . . . . .

16yaers . . . . . . . . . . .

17years . . . . . . . . . . .

Boys

Total, 12-17 years

Girls

Total, 12-17 years

Standerd error of

avarage, total .

. . . . .

. . . . .

. . . . .

. . . . .

. . . . .

. . . . .

. . . . .

. . . . .

. . . . .

. . . . .

. . . . .

. . . . .

. . . . .

. . . . .

.,, . .

. . . . .

16.0 24.5 10.6 15.1 8.2

2.35

10.7

14.6

4.00

29.2

3.10

15.2

3.90

29.3

37.5

35.2

17.8

29.6

2.00

13.5

4.50

2.84

27.5

35.6

20.2

30.0

16.4

23.1

9.2

7.5

9.1

20.8

13.2

15.2

20.4

10.2

6.5

5.1

16.5

12.6

12.2

23.1

3.6

5.1

2.8

12.0

9.8

7.0

15.4

1.8

7.4

3.0

12.0

8.1

22,5

41.8

17.8

30.5

17.2 28.7

3.85

14.4

2.10

25.3

2.85

11.6

2.95

26.8

2.40

7.8

2.35

19.6

2.15 5.20

85
Table 38. Average hearing levels intheright andleft earateach test frequency among youths aged 12-17years with a perforated drum

inthetest ear, with andwithout discharge, byageand sex, with standard errors fortotal averages: United States, 1966-70 –Con.

6000 HZ 8000 Hz

I I I

3000 Hz 4000 Hz

Ear, age, and sex

RIGHT EAR

Both sexes

Total, 12-17 years . . . . .

12 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

BOYS

With Without With Without

discharge discharge discharge discharge

Decibels re audiometric zero (ANSI, 1969)

19.8 27.9 24.5 27,2

29.2

25.9

.

31.8

17.5

27.4

16.5 21.1

27.0

19.6

22.0

12.5

23.3

23.2 25.2

10.4

20.9

15.4

17.2

19.6

15.4

22.0

23.4

22.0

17.8

23.6

20.8

15.8

24.6

40.8

15.7

31.8

2.5

28.4

19.6

28.4

27.6

29.0

17.5

25.0

26.1

28.0

27.0

31.9

22.5

27.2

26.6

25.4

25.3

20.4

9.9

29.6

26.8

22.4

Total,12-17years . . . . .

Girls

Total,12-17years . . . . .

Standard error of

average, total . . . . . .

LEFT EAR

Both sexes

Total, 12-17 years . . . . .

12 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Boys

Total,12-17years . . . . .

Girls

Total,12-17years . . . . .

Standard error of

average, total . . . . . .

11.3 19.0 15.2 ‘18.2 24.3 28.6 27.0

2.35

‘f4.9

2.75

19.6

2.30

21.7

4.50

35.3

2.50

17.0

3.05

26.0

2.65

22.8

17.5

33.6

12.6

24.4

19.6

6.70

7.75

28.4

22.5

42.2

15.0

28.0

29.0

4.25

13.2

23.1

7.4

27.8

7.2

15.1

16.6

18.0

26.7

13.7

32.0

8.7

21.0

20.0

16.2

33.0

15.4

30.9

18.4

22.4

22.5

21.0

3.20

14.0

26.4

12.8

14.4

19.6

16.6

17.3

16.6

3.50

32.6

32.0

15.2

27.2

23.7

4.30

22.5

47.4

27.8

39.8

26.8

6.70

13.3

3.65

19.2

3.15

86
Table 39. Average hearing levels intheright andleft earateach test frequency among youths aged 12-17years with ascarred drum in

thetest ear, byageand sex, with standard errors fortotal averages: United States, 1966-70

Test frequency

250 Hz 500 Hz 1000 Hz 2000 Hz 3000 Hz 4000 Hz 6000 Hz 8000 HZ

Ear, age, and sex

RIGHT EAR

Decibels re audiometric zero (ANSI, 1969)

Both sexes

Total, 12-17 years .

12 years . . . . . . . . . . . .

13yaars m. . . . . . . . . . .

14 years . . . . . . . . . . . .

15 years . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . . . .

17 years . . . . . . . . . . . .

Boys

Total, 12-17 years .

Girls

Total, lZ!-17 years .

10.6 13.2 18.2 14.9

10.4

13.8

12.4

9.9

9.4

8.2

11.2

12.6 6.6 4.9 9.4

12.0

12.6

14.7

12.2

12.6

11.0

12.8

. . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . .

16.1

18.8

15.2

16.6

9.8

13.9

17.7

11.3

1.20

15.6

6.8

8.2

8.6

6.2

5.1

4.2

7.1

3.1

7.0

6.6

6.2

3.1

3.7

6.0

7.4

12.6

12.2

9.6

5.3

9.6

11.4

13.4

13.0

13.6

16.0

10.2

12.8

14.9

15.9

21.1

18.9

20.2

17.6

16.0

20.9

12.4 9.9

1.00

11.0

5.8 3.6

1.30

5.0

7.0

1.4C

10.4

11.0

0.85

14.0

14.9

1.10

20.4

Standard error of average,

total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

LEFT EAR

1.15

13.4

1.50

7.0

8oth sexes

Total,12-17years . . . . . . . . . .

12years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13years, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14 years, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16 years, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

BOYS

16.9

16.8

13.8

13.8

18.2

14.8

17.4

13.6

1.05

13.6

12.4

13.5

13.6

16.0

11.8

13.3

13.6

1.35

13.4

10.8

10.8

9.8

12.2

9.6

11.3

7.1

8.6

7.0

5.9

9.6

4.9

7.0

4.2

3.6

6.1

4.0

9.8

3.6

4.6

10.2

10.2

11.4

9.8

13.4

8.0

11.8

13.6

12.5

13.2

14.4

18.2

12.4

15.4

18.8

22.8

16.8

17.0

27.0

~1.8

Total,12-17years . . . . . . . . . . ~1.4

Girls

Total, 12-17years . . . . . . . . . .

Standard error of average,

total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

10.8

1.50

7.0 8.8 12.5 19.3

1.90 1.35 1.30 1.70

87
Table 40. Average hearing levels in the better ear at each test frequency among youths agad 12-17 years, by condition of the oral

pha~nx, age, andwxrwith standa;d errors fortotalavarages: United States, 1966-70

Frequency finding

250 HZ

Normal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Abnormal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

500 Hz

Normal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Abnormal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1000 Hz

Normal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Abnormal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20Q0 Hz

Normal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Abnormal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3000 Hz

Normal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Abnormal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4000 Hz

Normal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Abnormal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6000 HZ

Normal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Abnormal, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8000 HZ

Normal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Abnormal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Both sexesBoys Girls

12-17 12 13 14 16 16 17

12-17 12-17

years yaars years years years years years

years years

Decibels re audiometric zero (ANSI, 1969)

9.1

9.4

5.8

6.5

1.6

2.4

1.0

1.6

5.2

6.5

8.0

8.6

11.2

11.2

6.6

7.4

9.1

11.7

6.2

9.0

1.8

4.8

1.0

2.0

5.0

8.0

7.B

9.8

10.0

13.4

6.8

10.8

9.4

9.B

6.2

6.2

1.8

1.8

1.2

0.6

5.5

6.2

8.4

7.8

11.0

9.4

7.3

6.0

8.8

8.8

5.8

7.0

1.6

2.5

1.1

0.8

5.2

6.4

7.7

7.4

11.0

9.9

6.4

7.8

9.0

8.8

6.0

5.8

1.5

1.3

1.2

1.5

5.6

5.2

8.0

7.1

11.4

10.1

6.9

6.6

9.0

8.8

5.4

6.0

1.4

1.8

0.9

2.9

5.1

7.4

7.8

10.1

12.2

12.4

6.2

5.8

9.5

8.8

5.4

5.3

1.2

2.1

0.8

2.2

5.0

5.8

8.0

9.0

11.4

12.4

6.3

7.3

9.2

8.8

6.1

6.3

1.8

1.9

1,5

1.8

6.4

6.9

9.2

9.0

12.6

12.6

7.5

7.3

9.1

10.2

5.6

6.8

1.2

2.9

0.6

1.6

4.0

6.0

6.7

8.0

9.6

9.8

5.8

7.4

Standard

error for

total

0.30

0.75

0.20

0.55

0.20

0.35

0.20

0.65

0.20

0.70

0.25

0.75

0.30

0.85

0.45

0,90

88
Table 41. Average hearing levels inthebetter earateach test frequency amOngyouths aged 12-17yeers, bycondition oftonsiIs, age,

andsex, with standard errors for total averages: United States, 1966-70

Test frequency

250 500 1000 2000 3000 4000 6000 8000

Hz Hz Hz Hz Hz Hz Hz Hz

Hearing levels in decibels re audiometric zero (ANSI, 1969)

Condition of tonsils, age, and sex

TONSILS NOT VISIBLE

Both sexes

Total, 12-17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12years ., o . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13years, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14years . .. m. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Boys

Total, 12-17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Girls

Total, 12-17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Standarderror,total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

9.0

9.0

10.0

8.8

8.9

8.8

8.8

9.0

6.0

6.2

6.4

6.1

5.9

5.8

5.4

6.4

1.6 0.7 4.8 7.2 11.0 6.4

1.6

1.8

2.0

1.4

1.4

1.1

1.7

1.4

0.6

1.2

1.1

0.8

0.4

0.2

1.0

0.4

0.20

0.4

0.6

-1.3

1.0

0.0

0.5

2.1

0.8

4.8

5.1

4.8

4.8

4.6

4.4

5.7

3.8

0.20

5.0

7.2

7.8

7.8

7.2

6.6

7.0

8.3

6.2

0.35

7.4

10.2

11.2

11.3

11.1

11.5

10.8

12.2

9,8

0.50

10.7

6.8

7.2

7.0

6.1

5.6

6.2

7.0

9.2 5.5 5.8

0.40

8.4

7.6

8.1

9.0

7.6

8.3

10.6

8.6

0.20

5.2

5.9

4.8

5.8

4.6

4.5

5.8

5.6

0.25

0.9

2.4

0.5

1.0

0.3

0.2

1.7

1.4

0.55

6.0

TONSILLARTAGS

Both sexes

Total, 12-17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12years, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13years, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14years, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Boys

Total, 12-17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Girls

Total, 12.17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Standard error,total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5.8

4.0

4.4

5.0

4.6

6.4

5.9

7.4

7.8

7.1

6.5

7.3

8.6

8.5

10.2

10.8

9.6

9.4

12.1

12.2

12.3

5.6

6.8

5.6

5.4

5.3

8.4

7.6

8.2

0.80

4.6 0.4 0.0 3.8 .6.1 8.8 4.3

0.35 0.35 0.60 0.35 0.70 0.30 0.65

89
Table 41. Average hearing levels in the better ear at each test frequency among youths aged 12-17years, bycondition oftonsils, age,

andsex, with standard errors for total avarages: United States, 1966-70-Con.

Condition of tonsils, age, and sex

Test frequency

250 500 1000 2000 3000 4000 6000 8000

Hz Hz Hz Hz Hz Hz Hz Hz

TONSILS–GRADE I

Both sexas

Total, 12-17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15years o. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17yaars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Bovs

Hearing levels in decibels re audiometric zero (ANSI, 1969)

9.2 5.7 1.6 1.2 5.1 8.2 11.0 6.2

10.0

10.6

10,8

11.4

12.4

11.2

12.7

9.2

9.2

8.4

9.4

9.2

9.7

9.2

9.2

0.35

9.4

6.0

6.0

5.3

6.1

5.6

5.4

5.8

5.7

2.0

1.6

1.0

1.8

1.8

1.1

1.8

1.0

1.3

1.0

1.6

1.0

1.2

1.6

0.6

4.4

5.4

5.2

5.4

5.1

5.0

6.2

7.9

8.2

7.2

8.7

8.4

8.8

9.4

6.4

6.8

5.8

6.9

6.1

5.2

Total, 12-17years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.9

Girls

Total, 12-17years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Standarderror,total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

TONSILS–GRADE II

Both saxes

Total, 12-17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14years .. m. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16yeers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Boys

Total, 12-17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Girls

Total, 12-17yaars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Standarderror,total, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1.3 4.0 7.0 9.4 5.4

0.35

11.6

0.25

6.4

-

7.0

6.6

6.3

6.4

5.6

5.6

6.6

0.25

2.0

0.30

1.7

0.25

6.3

0.35

8.7

0.55

7.8

10,6

11.1

11,1

12.4

12.7

12.4

13.0

10.0

0.40

1.8

1.6

1.3

2.2

2.4

1.2

2.2

6.2

6.5

5.8

6.8

6.9

5.5

7.8

8.7

9.2

8.2

8.6

9.4

8.2

10.0

8.2

7.7

7,2

8.3

7.8

7.9

8.6

9.9

9.6

8.8

9.2

9.4

9.5

9.4

2.1

2.2

2.0

1.8

1.8

1.6

2.3

9.5 1.6 1.1 4.8

0.45

6.1 7.4 7.0

0.50 0.30 0.30 0.25 0.40 0.45

90
Table 41. Average hearing lavels inthebetter ear at each test frequency among youths aged 12-17years, bycondition oftonsils, age,

andsex, with standard errors for total averagas: United States, 1966-70–Con.

Test frequency

250 500 1000 2000 3000 4000 6000 8000

Hz Hz Hz Hz Hz Hz Hz Hz

Hearing levels in decibals re audiometric zero (ANSI, 1969)

Condition of tonsils, age, and sex

TONSILS–GRADE Ill

Both sexes

Total, 12-17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14years, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17years m. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Boys

Total, 12-17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Girls

Total, 12-17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Standarderror,total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13.4

12.5

13.4

12.5

14.2

15.9

6.6

7.5

4.3

7.5

9.4

9.1

5.8

2.4 4.2

7.9

4.0

7.5

1.4

5.2

7.2 8.6 11.1 13.0

7.5

0.2

2.5

2.2

2.4

2.4

3.8

6.8

12.5

8.5

12.8

11.6

3.0

7.5

15.4

4.6

13.6

-7.5

17.3

7.5

18.6

-2,5

12.8

14.6 18.0 14.2

12.6 4.0 5.4 6.8 8.9 12.6

13.65 12.20 11.40 12.05 13.00 13.20 13.70 14.00

91
Table 42. Averaga hearing levels in the right and Ieft ear among youths aged 12-17years, bycondition ofthanasal passages, age, and

sax, with standard errors fortotal averages: United States, 1966-70

250 Hz 500 HZ 1000 Hz 2000 Hz

Normal Abnormal Normal Abnormal Normal Abnormal Normal Abnormal

Ear, age, and sex

RIGHT EAR

Both sexes

Total, 12-17 years . . . . . . .

12 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

BOVS

Decibels re audiometric zero (ANSI, 1969)

10.6 10.8 7.4

7.8

7.8

7.6

7.6

7.0

6.8

7.7

8.6

9.6

9.0

10.0

8.6

7.6

7.0

8.2

3.4 4.2 3.2 3.2

10.8

11.0

10.4

10.5

10.5

10.8

10.7

12.3

12.2

10.8

10.9

9.0

9.7

10.1

3.8

3.4

3.4

3.3

3.1

3.0

3.5

4.6

4.2

5.0

4.0

3.3

3.6

3.8

4.7

3.0

3.1

3.4

3.6

3.2

3.0

3.6

3.1

3.0

4.6

2.5

3.3

2.5

Total,12-17years . . . . . . . 3.0

Girls

Total,12-17yaars . . . . . . .

Standard error of

average, total , . . . . . . .

LEFT EAR

Both sexes

Total,12-17years . . . . . . .

12 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

BOVS

10.6 12.0 7.2

0.20

7.8

9.4 3.2 2.9 3.4

0.30

11.8

0.65

11.4

0.50

8.8

0.20

3.8

0.45

4.7

0.20

3.6

3.8

4.0

3.3

3,8

3.4

3.4

4.4

0.30

3.8

11.6

12.1

11.2

11.8

12.0

12.0

11.7

11.8

12.6

11.2

11.2

9.8

11.4

11.0

8.2

8.2

7.8

7.9

7.2

7.6

8.1

9.8

9.0

10.0

8.2

7.8

8.0

8.7

4.4

4.2

3.6

3.8

3.6

3.5

4.2

4.4

5.2

5.8

4.6

4.1

4.2

5.1

3.6

3.0

4.7

4.2

4.5

2.6

Totalr12-17years . . . . . . . 4.0

Girls

Total,12-17years . . . . . . .

Standard error of

avaraga, total . . . . . . . .

11.9 11.9 7.6 9.0 3.4 4.1 2.9 3.6

0.35 0.85 0.20 0.55 0.25 0.40 0.20 0.45

92
Table 42. Average hearing levels inthe right and left earamong youths aged 12-17years, bycondition of thenasal passages, age, and

sex, with standard errors for total averages: United States, 1966-70–Con.

3000 Hz I4000 Hz I

6000 HZ I

8000 HZ

Ear, age, and sex

Normal Abnormal Normal Abnormal Normal Abnormal Normal Abnormal

RIGHT EAR

Both sexes

Total, 12-17 years . . . . . . .

12 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17 years .,, ,, . ., .,,...... .

Boys

Total,12-17years . . . . . . .

Girls

Total,12-17years . . . . . . .

Standard error of

average, total . . . . . . . .

Decibels re audiometric zero (ANSI, 1969)

7.4 8.2 10.2 11.2 10.1

10.0

10.4

9.7

10.4

9.9

10.3

11.2

14.2

13.2

13.9

14.0

14.3

15.4

14.5

16.0

15.1

13.9

15.8

15.1

16.2

14.8

15.0

16.2

10.9

10.1

11.7

12.0

12.6

10.7

8.2

11.8

7.2

7.6

7.0

7.7

7.2

7.4

8.5

8.0

6.9

10.0

8.6

8.8

6.8

8.4

9.8

10.5

10.0

10.2

10.2

10.2

11.4

11.5

10.6

11.8

11.0

11.4

10.4

11.2

6.3 8.0 8.8 11.0 12.4

0.40

15.4

14.6

15.2

14.8

15.8

16.4

16.1

17.4

?3.5 9.0 9.4

0.25

8.1

0.60

9.4

0.25

11.8

11.7

12.0

11.3

12.0

11.9

12.0

13.6

0.60

12.3

12.0

11.8

14.2

10.8

13.4

12.0

13.2

0.55

16.0

14.8

15.1

17.8

16.0

16.0

16.4

17.2

14.2

0.50

10.4

11.1

11.2

9.9

10.4

9.8

10.0

11.7

0.80

10.8

12.6

10.8

11.2

10.2

10.1

9.4

11.6

LEFT EAR

Both sexes

Total, 12-17 years . . . . . . .

12 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13years . .. m. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14years a m. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17 years, ., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Boys

Total, 12-17years . . . . . . .

Girls

Total,12-17years . . . . . . .

Standard error of

average, total . . . . . . . .

8.2

8.6

7.8

8.4

7.7

7.8

9.8

8.3

9.0

11.5

8.8

11.1

8.0

10.0

6.4 8.6 10.1 11.0 13.6 9.2 9.6

0.20 0.75 0.30 0.90 0.40 0.80 0.40 1.00

93
Table 43. Average hearing levels intheright andleft earamong youths aged 12-17years, byobstruction of thenasal passages, age, andwx, with standard

errors for total averages: Unitad States, 1966.70

250 HZ 500 Hz 1000 Hz 2000 Hz

Total Acute Chronic Total Acute Chronic Total Acute Chronic Total Acute Chronic

Ear, nare, age, and sax

RIGHT EAR-RIGHT NARE

Both sexes

Total, 12-17 years . . . . .

12 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Boys —

Total,12-17years . . . . .

—Girls

Total,12-17years . . . . .

Standard arror of

avaraga, total . . . . . .

LEFTEAR-LEFT NARE

Both saxas

Total,12-17years . . . . .

12years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Boys

—

Tmal,12-17years . . . . .

Girls —

Total, 12-17years . . . . .

Standard error of

averaga,total . . . . . . .

Decibels re audiometric zero (ANSI, 1969)

10.8

14.2

12.4

9.8

9.6

8.4

9.0

9.4

10.4

~

14.4

12.0

9.4

9.0

7.5

9.0

9.1

12.0

13.0

13.6

14.2

12.2

12.6

16.8

9.0

10.8

15.7

7.15

13.7

74.0

10.5

14.0

15.1

13.2

13.9

13.0

10.4

10.2

9.0

9.6

8.8

15.6

11.3

9.3

11.8

4.0

5.3

5.1

4.4

3.4

3.3

2.0

3.2

5.2

3.8

5.4

5.0

3.8

3.4

2.4

2.0

3.0

4.9

0.90

4.2

4.8

6.3

4.0

3.7

4.6

1.3

4.6

5.6

4.8

5.5

7.0

3.6

10.4

2.4

4.4

7.0

‘1.30

6.6

8.9

5.3

6.0

7.6

1.4

8.4

6.6

3.6

4.2

4.0

5.6

2.1

2.6

2.2

3.1

9.0 5.2

10.9

10.0

9.2

8.4

7.5

7.4

8.0

10.4

0.70

9.0

12.0

9.3

9.0

8.5

7 .B

7.6

9.2

8.8

11.0

10.2

9.2

8.4

6.6

6.7

7.8

10.2

0.75

8.4

11.0

9.4

8.1

8.3

7.8

6.0

8.6

3.4

6.0

4.0

3.8

1.4

2.7

2.6

2.5

4.6

0.60

3.0

~

3.8

1.5

4.4

3.0

3.8

0.7

3.0

0.8

4.2

14.4

5.4

1.3

-0.2

6.7

12.6 4.4 3.2

1.00

10.8

73.3

12.2

10.4

10.2

8.6

10.3

?0.8

10.8

1.05

10.2

13.0

12.4

9.5

9.4

8.0

9.4

10.2

10.0

1.15

12.0

15.2

9.1

12.2

9.6

7.2

14.5

11.2

0.70

4.6

5.8

6.2

4.4

4.2

4.2

2.6

5.0

0.50

3.2

-

3.8

1.4

4.4

4.3

4.0

0.8

3.4

1.05

4.4

4.0

0.2

4.2

11.6

5.8

1.0

6.4

15.4 8.8 8.1 14.2 4.0 3.6 6.7 3.0 3.1 2.0

1.40 1.55 1.25 0.76 0.70 1.50 0.60 0.75 1.30 0.50 0.50 2.66

94
Table 43. Average hearing levels intheright andleft earamong youths aged 12-17years, byobstruction of thenasal passages,age, and=x, with mandard

errors fortotalavemges: United States, 1966-70 —Con.

Ear, nare, age, and sex

3000 Hz I 4000 HZ I 6000 HZ I 8000 !iz

Total Acute Chronic Total Acute Chronic Total Acute Chronic

RIGHT EAR-RIGHT NARE

Both sexes

ToteI, 12-17 years . . . . .

12years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Boys

.

Total, 12-17 years . . . . .

—Girls

Total,12-17years . . . . .

Standard error of

average,tota[ . . . . . .

LEFTEAR-LEFT NARE

Both sexes

Total,12-17years . . . . .

12yeers, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13yeers, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15yeers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Boys —

Total,12-17yaers . . . . .

Girls —

Total,12-17years . . . . .

Standard error of

average,total . . . . . .

Decibels re audiometric zero (ANSI, 1969)

8.8

—

9.0

7.6

10.6

9.2

8.6

6.6

8.4

8.8

10.2

7.6

10.0

9.0

8.4

6.2

8.2

9.0

_

3.6

7.5

13.6

9.8

10.4

9.0

9.6

11.1

12.6

11.6

12.2

12.0

8.8

8.8

10.5

11.2 10.4 14.7 14.5 15.6 10.1 9.5 13.2

13.4

11.0

12.0

12.7

6.6

9.0

10.6

8.7

15.3

13.0

6.0

9.5

7.4

9.8

13.6

16.2

14.6

14.1

13.8

16.6

15.0

14.2

14.2

14.6

14.0

14.8

13.4

16.8

14.6

11.0

25.5

17.7

10.9

16.6

15.2

18.0

13.0

1.45

15.3

13.2

4.3

19.2

21.0

14.8

14.4

14.8

10.8

9.8

12.4

9.0

8.0

9.1

10.2

9.9

1.20

9.4

12.6

7.2

9.8

7.3

9.2

9.6

9.7

9.8

9.6

12.4

7.9

7.6

8.6

9.4

9.8

1.35

9.0

15.2

11.6

12.2

14.9

12.0

12.3

15.4

10.6

1.25

10.8

12.0

1.6

12.0

22.2

5.6

7.6

9.7

9.2 9.5 8.2 12.0 12.2 11.2 74.5

0.75

9.5

0.90

9.7

1.15

8.8

0.90

11.8

1.15

12.0

1.15

10.6

0.65

16.0

15.9

12.5

17.2

16.0

16.5

17.6

I6.8

0.70

16.2

16.8

13.6

16.6

15.2

16.7

18.3

17.4

7.8

0.3

9.7

8.6

2.9

7.0

9.8

8.9

10.4

9.8

7.7

13.5

6.6

10.2

4.4

9.8

9.2

14.8

8.2

8.6

8.3

12.0

12.1

12.9

9.6

13.6

9.4

12.1

12.4

12.0

12.6

9.3

14.4

10.4

12.6

10.9

12.8

13.9

11.6

7.4

5.6

9.8

12.9

8.0

9.2

4.8

9.6

10.0

9.7

9.0

—

1.05

9.0 9.7 11.2

1.20

11.0

1.45

12.5

1.45

16.0 14.8 16.6 8,9 8.2 13.5

1.30 2.05 0.95 1.15 1.15 1.40 1.70 1.50

95
Table 44. Prevalence of selected otoscopic findings in one or both ears andtheaverage hearing levelsat 1000 and 4000 Hzamon9

youths aged 12-17years, with standard errors fortotal averages: United States, 1966-70

Ear-throat finding

Test eardrum normal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Both drums normal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Test eardrum normal, other

nonvisible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Test eardrum abnormal . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Bothdrumsabnormal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Test eardrum abnormal,

othernormal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Testeat+drum perforated . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Both drums perforated . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Test eardrum perforated,

other normal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Test eardrum not mobile . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Both drums notmobile . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Test eardrum not mobile,

other normal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Test eardrum retracted . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Both drums retracted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

T wt eardrum retracted,

other normal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Test eardrum discolored . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Both drums discolored . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Test eardrum discolored,

other normal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Test eardrum scarred . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Both drums scarred . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Test eardrum scarred,

other normal . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Number of

Average hearing level Standard errors of

in test ear at

youths

average hearing levels

12-17 years

1000 Hz I

4000 Hz 1000 Hz 4000 Hz

Right Left

I

Right Left Right Left

I

Right Left Right Left

Number in

thousands

18,733

17,165

698

2,369

1,396

891

161

47

70

400

191

229

446

240

169

206

50

112

745

409

256

18,739

17,165

684

2,346

1,396

871

162

47

91

388

191

201

449

240

146

160

50

86

700

409

223

3.0

2.8

3.3

6.2

5.8

6.6

12.7

18.0

6.6

8.0

6.4

5.2

7.4

7.2

8.2

5.2

4.2

4.8

6.6

6.0

6.8

Decibels re audiometric zero (ANSI, 1969)

3.5

3.4

3.8

6.6

6.2

6.8

13.2

18.0

10.0

10.2

7.9

8.6

8.2

7.3

8.0

5.4

5.4

4.4

7.0

5.6

8.4

9.7

9.6

11.6

13.7

13.8

13.4

23.6

31.6

16.6

15.8

14.4

13.8

13.9

14.1

14.2

14.8

12.6

14.2

13.2

12.7

12.0

11.4

11.3

12.1

14.4

14.6

13.7

20.8

29.6

16.4

17.9

16.4

16.6

14.1

14.0

12.4

14.0

16.0

12.4

14.0

13.2

14.0

0.20

0.20

0.70

0.55

0.60

0.70

1.65

5.45

2.65

1.70

2.30

1.10

1.50

2.10

1.75

1.90

2.70

1.65

1.50

2.50

1.25

0.25

0.25

0.50

0.60

0.80

0.85

3.05

7.75

3.50

2.45

2.05

2.50

1.70

1.55

2.70

1.15

2.55

1.10

1.90

2.70

1.50

0.25

0.30

1.05

0.50

0.50

1.00

1.80

3.65

2.60

1.25

2.05

1.65

1.35

1.BO

2.10

2.35

2.15

2.30

0.85

1.50

1.25

0.30

0.30

0.45

0.45

0.65

0.80

2.75

3.85

3.45

2.35

2.20

2.25

1.15

1.25

1.85

1.45

3.45

1.05

1.30

1.70

1.50

96
Table 45. F’revalance ratasof salectad events in themedical history that.may reassociated with haaring impairment among examinaes

in both the Health Examination Surveys of 1963-65 and 1966-70, by age at examination in 1966-70 and sex, with standard errors

for total rates: United States

Trouble hearing

Earaches (per parent)

Running ears

(per parent) (per parent)

Ever Last year

5-11 years 12-17 years

6-11 years 12-17 years

6-11 years 12-17 years

Aga and sex

Both sexes Rate per 100 youths

Total, 12-17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 3.5

2.6

2.7

4.6

4.7

3.1

25.9 14.8 11.8 9.4

12 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14 years, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15years . . . . . . $ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17yeers, ... . ..i. m....... . . . . . . . . .

4.1

3.8

5.2

5.1

5.0

27.7

24.3

23.2

30.8

27.5

22.0

15.9

14.2

14.4

15.4

5.3

11.2

11.7

12.6

10.2

13.2

11.7

10.8

8.6

9.5

9.7

10.2

18.4

9.0

7.9

8.4

10.3

8.8

32.1

9.9

Boys

Total, 12-17years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12 years .,, , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4.2

5.5

5.9

3.9

3.9

2.5

2.7

4.6

2.3

3.8

24.9

23.2

16.5

24.2

27.5

29.7

10.5

11.5

10.9

13.7

18.4

10.6

! 2.0

10.2

9.6

19.4

12.7

Girls

Total, 12-17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15years, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2.8

2.8

4.5

7.1

0.40

0.66

0.61

4.0

2.0

4.5

6.3

0.35

30.5

25.3

29.7

37.3

27.4

0.76

21.4

17.0

17.6

17.1

12.3

1.22

12.8

13.3

10.2

16.9

0.77

9.4

10.5

9.2

11.5

0.60

Standard error

Total, 12-17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Boys,12-17years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Girls, 12-17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

0.65

0.61

1.69

1.41

1.19

1.59

0.97

1.21

1.11

0.99

97
Table 46. Prevalence rates of selected ear, nose, and throat abnormalities among examinees in both the Health Examination Surveys of 1963.66 and 1966.70, by age at

examination in 1966 -70andsex, with standard errors for total rates: United States

Abnormalltlns

of oral pharynx

I

6-11 12-17

years yaars

Abnormalities I

Right drum

of right drum

bulging or

Age in youth retracted

examination and sex

Both sexes

Total,12-17years . . . .

Prevalence rate per 100 youths

12.6 10.5 5.9 2.4 17.5 27.6 10.2 9.9 41.1 32.6 30.6 29.B 0.6 0.1 10.1 6.6

12 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Boys —

Total, 12-17 y6ws . . . .

13.4

10.4

13.7

14.2

5.7

13.8

10.7

9.5

11.2

10.3

24.4

11.1

6.2

5.0

6.B

6.0

6.8

1.5

2.5

3.4

2.2

2.2

17.4

19.0

17.4

14.4

23.2

19.1

27.B

27.1

29.B

23.2

29.9

28.2

8.3

11.5

10.2

I0.9

17,7

11.6

7.9

10.6

9.3

13.1

11,6

10.7

39.8

39.6

42.0

45,5

34.2

38.6

32.7

31.9

34,3

30.5

34.4

31.6

33.7

29.2

30,2

2B.1

24.9

30.3

31.4

29.9

26.6

32.B

24.2

29.7

0.8

0.7

0,1

1.1

0.3

0.2

0.2

0,3

11.3

8.4

9.5

12,3

5.1

10.5

7.4

6.6

4.8

9.2

B.6

B.9

I2.1

13.1

12.4

11.0

8.8

36.5

37.0

40.0

44.3

27.9

43.6

33.8

28.6

32.1

31.4

39.B

33.7

35.5

29.1

26.7

29.8

23.0

30.8

29.6

30.6

25.9

35.9

10.3

29.9

0.5

0.6

1.0

11.4

8.5

11.4

11.4

8.9

9.6

6,8

6.B

4.5

10.2

6.7

12 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13.4

12.0

15.8

15.0

9.9

11.5

11.6

10.3

10.8

11.5

31.0

9.9

7.0

5.3

7.7

6.4

5.1

1.3

1.9

4.0

1.2

2.6

18.7

21.2

20.1

13.5

18.0

15.8

26.8

29.9

32.1

18.7

41.0

27.0

9.7

10.6

9.9

139

8.9

9.1 0.3

Girls —

Total, 12-17 years . . . .

13.4

B.6

11.8

13.4

1.29

9.9

8.6

11.4

9.0

15.6

1.66

5.5

4.6

5.9

3.6

0.B7

1.8

3.1

2.8

3.2

0.67

16.1

16.7

14.7

15.3

30.1

1.4B

29.0

24.3

27.7

27.7

15.0

1.8E

7.7

11.0

7.4

9.3

1.48

6.0

10.B

8.7

12.3

15.0

1.30

43.1

42.2

44.0

46.7

42.6

1.77

31.5

35.5

36.3

29.5

27.2

2.94

31.9

29.3

33.6

26.4

27.3

1.74

33.2

29.0

27.2

29.8

42.6

2.23

1,2

0,8

0.2

2.2

0.22

0.4

0.4

0.6

O.OB

11.2

8.3

7.6

13.2

1.69

8.1

6.1

6.2

6.2

1,2B

12 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Standard error

Total,12-17years . . . .

Boys, 12-17 years . . . . . . . . .

Girls, 12.17 yews . . . . . . . . .

1.32

1.61

1.79

1.66

0.95

0.91

0.64

0.76

1.85

1.66

1.95

2.4:

1.79

1.52

1.54

1.21

2.38

1.75

2.84

3.31

2.o9

2.06

2.86

2.00

0.16

0!35

1.42

2.03

1.40

0,16 1.2B

98
Table 47. Mean hearing levels at eight test frequencies andestimates forspeech among examineesin both the Health Examination

S1.trveysof 1963-65and 1966.70, byageat examination in1966-70 and sex: United States

250 tiz I

500 Hz I

1000 Hz I

2000 Hz j 3000Hz

w I

Cycle Cycle

II Ill

Age in youth examination

Both sexes

Total, 12-17 years . . . . .

12 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13years, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Cycle

II

Cycle

Ill

Cycle

I

Cycle

I

Cycle ICycle

II Ill II Ill

Decibels re audiometric zero (ASA, 1951)

-10.4 -10.4 -10.0 -8.5 -8.7 -8.6 -9.8 -8.5 -5.7 -4.2

-10.0

-10.3

-11.0

-10.4

-10.0

-10.7

-10.2

-10.1

-10.8

-10.8

-11.8

-10.6

-9.4

-10.2

-10.6

-9.4

-8.2

-9.8

-8.2

-8.8

-8.6

-8.4

-7.0

-8.4

-8.2

-8.8

-9.4

-8.5

-6.2

-8.2

-8.4

-8.5

-8.8

–8.8

-9.3

-8.4

-9.6

-10.4

-10.0

-8.6

-8.4

-9.4

-8.6

-8.8

-8.3

-8.1

-9.6

-8.0

-5.6

-6.0

-6.0

-4.6

-4.8

-5.4

-4.6

-4.6

-3.8

-2.6

-4.8

-3.2

15years, . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . . .

17years . . . . . . . . . . .

Boys

Total, 12-17 years

12 years . . . . . . . . . . .

13 years . . . . . . . . . . .

14years . . . . . . . . . . .

15years . . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . . .

17 years . . . . . . . . . . .

Girls

Total, 12-17 years

12years . . . . . . . . . . .

13 years . . . . . . . . . . .

14years . . . . . . . . . . .

15 years . . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . . .

17years. m, . . . . . . . .

Standard error

Total, 12-17 years

Boys, 12-17 years . . . .

Girls, 12.17 years . . . . .

. . . . .

. . . . .

. . . . .

. . . . .

. . . . .

. . . . .

. . . . .

. . . . .

. . . . .

. . . . .

. . . . .

. . . . .

. . . . .

. . . . .

. . . . .

. . . . .

. . . . .

. . . . .

. . . . .

. . . . .

-10.4

-10.7

-11.1

-10.8

-9.2

-10.2

-10.6

-10.4

-10.6

-10.7

-1o.8

-10.2

-9.3

-10.1

-10.3

-9.7

-6.6

-10.0

–9.6

-10.2

-10.8

-9.2

-10.4

0.35

-8.o

-9.0

-8.2

-8.4

-6.2

-8.6

-8.3

-8.8

-9.0

-8.3

-8.2

0.20

-7.6

-8.6

-8.8

-8.0

-3.2

-9.2

-8.0

-8.3

-8.5

-9.0

-8.2

-8.8

-8.7

-8.7

.-9.0

-8.6

-10.8

0.25

-9.2

-10.1

-9.7

-8.1

-8.4

-10.1

-9.9

-10.6

-10.3

-9.1

-8.3

0.25

-7.8

-8.3

-8.2

-7.5

-10.6

-9.0

-9.4

-9.3

-8.4

-8.7

-8.4

0.25

-5.4

-5.9

-5.6

-3.9

-5.6

-6.0

–5.8

-6.1

-6.4

-5.2

-3.8

0.40

-3.7

-3.8

-2.6

-1.5

-4.8

-5.2

-5.6

-5.6

-4.9

–3.8

-4.7

0.25

-9.6

-9.8

-11.0

-10.0

-11.0

0.20

-9.7

-9.8

-10.9

-10.8

-13.3

0.20

-8.6

-9.1

-9.8

-8.9

-10.4

0.35

0.25

0.25

0.25

0.25

0.35

0.40

0.25

0.20

0.40

0.35

0.30

0.25

0.30

0.25

0.25

0.30

0.45

0.40

0.25

0.35

99
Table 47. Mean hearing levels at eight test frequencies andeatimates for speech amOn9examineesin both the Health Examination

Surveys of 1963-65 and 1966-70, byageat examination in1966-70 and sex: United States–Con.

Age in youth examination

Both sexes

Total, 12-17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13 years . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Boys

Total,12-17years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17yeers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Girls

Total,12-17years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Standard error

Total,12-17years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Boys, 12-17years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Girls, 12-17years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4000 Hz

Cycle I

Cycle

II 111

6000 Hz

%

8000 HZ

m

Spaech

m

-2.8

-2.4

-3.2

-3.2

-1.8

-4.1

-2.5

-2.4

-2.8

-3.0

-0.9

-4.7

-3.1

-2.5

-3.5

-3.6

-2.6

-3.3

0.35

0.40

0.40

-1.8

-2.2

–2.0

–1 .8

-0.6

-3.4

-1.0

-1.6

-1.4

-1.0

1.1

-3.7

-2.6

-2.6

-2.6

-2.6

-2.2

-3.2

0.20

0.30

0.25

Decibels re audiometric zero (ASA, 1951)

-2.7

-3.6

-2.6

-2.8

-1.0

-0.6

–2.4

–3.4

-2.4

-2.6

–0.2

0.8

-3.0

–3.8

-2.9

-3.0

-1.6

-2.2

0.45

0.55

0.45

1.3

0.4

1.0

1.4

3.4

2.8

2.6

1.8

1.8

3.0

4.8

5.2

0.0

-0.8

0.2

-0.1

2.0

-0.4

0.30

0.40

0.30

-6.8

-7.0

-6.6

-7.0

-6.0

-6.9

-6.4

-6.5

-6.7

-6.8

-4.9

-6.2

–7.1

-7.5

-6.6

-7.2

-7.2

-8.0

0.35

0.45

0.35

-7.5

-7.6

-7.6

-8.0

-6.0

–7.9

–7.0

-7.0

-7.4

-7.6

-5.2

-4.4

-8.0

-8.1

-8.0

-8.5

-6.7

-12.6

0.40

0.45

0.40

-9.6

-9.1

-9.9

-10.0

-8.8

-7.6

-9.2

-8.8

-9.8

-9.6

-8.6

-5.6

-9.8

-9.4

-10.0

-10.4

-9.0

-10.4

0.3(

0.3!

0.3(

-6.6

-6.5

-6.8

-6.6

-6.6

-6.7

-6.4

-6.0

-6.6

-6.3

-6.6

-5.6

-7.0

-7.0

-7.0

-7.0

-6.6

-8.2

0.10

0.15

0.15

100
APPENDIX I

STATISTICAL NOTES

Survey Design

The sample design for the first three programs

or Cycles I-III of the Health Examination Survey

has been essentially similar in that each has been

a multistage stratified probability y sample of

clusters of households in land-based segments.

The successive elements for this sample design

are primary sampling unit, census enumeration

district, segment (a cluster of households), eligible persons, and finally, the sample person.

The 40 sample areas and the segments utilized

in the design of Cycle 111were the same as those

in Cycle II. Previous reports describe in detail

the sample design used for Cycle H and in

addition discuss the problems and considerations

given to other types of sampling frames,@cluster

versus random sampling, and whether to control

the selection of siblings.4 ~s

Requirements and limitations placed on the

design for Cycle III, similar to those for children

in Cycle II, were that:

1. The target population be defined as the

civilian noninstitutional population of the

United States, including Alaska and Hawaii,

between the ages of 12 and 17 years for

Cycle 111, with the special exclusion of

children residing on reservation lands of the

American Indians. The latter exclusion was

due to operational problems encountered

on these lands in Cycle I.

2. The time period of data collection be

limited to about 3 years for each cycle and

the length of the individual examination

within the specially constructed mobile

examination center be between 2 and 3

hours.

3. Ancillary data be collected on specially

designed household, medical history, and

NOTE: A list of references follows the text.

school questionnaires and from birth certificate copies.

4. Examination objectives be primarily related

to factors of physical and intellectual

growth and development.

5. The sample be sufficiently large to yieId

reliable findings within broad geographic

regions and population density groups as

well as age, sex, and limited socioeconomic

groups for the total sample.

The sample was drawn jointly with the

Bureau of the Census starting with the 1960

decennial census list of addresses and the neady

1,900 primary sampling units (PSU’S) into which

the entire United States was divided. Each PSU

is either a standard metropolitan statistical area

(SMSA), a county, or a group of two or three

contiguous counties. These PSU’S were grouped

into 40 strata, of about 4.5 million persons each,

in such a manner as to maximize the degree of

homogeneity within strata with regard to the

population size of the PSU’S, degree of urbanization, geographic proximity, and degree of industrialization. The 40 strata were then classified into four broad geographic regions of 10

strata each and then, within each region, were

cross-classified by four population density

classes and classes of rate of population change

from 1950 to 1960. Using a modified GoodmanKish controlled-selection technique, one PSU

was drawn from each of the 40 strata.

Further stages of sampling within PSU’S required first the selection of census enumeration

districts (ED’s). The ED’s are small well-defined

areas of about 250 housing units into which the

entire Nation was divided for the 1960 population census. Each ED was assigned a “measure of

size” equal to the rounded whole number

resulting from a “division by nine” of the

number of children age 5-9 in the ED at the time

101
of the 1960 census. A sample of 20 ED’s in the

sample PSU were selected by systematic sampling, with each ED having a probability of

selection proportional to the population of

children 5-9 years at the time of the 1960 census

date. A further random selection by size of

segments (smaller clusters of housing units)

within each ED was then made.

Because of the 3-year time interval between

Cycle II and Cycle III, the Cycle III frame had

to be supplemented for new construction and to

compensate for segments where housing was

partially or totally demolished to make room for

highway construction or urban redevelopment.

Advanced planning for the examinations at

the various locations or stands provided for

about 17 days of examinations, which limited

the number of examinees per location to approximately 200. When the number of eligible

youths in the sample drawn for a particular

location exceeded this number, sub sampling was

done by deleting from the master list of eligible

youth (ordered by segment, household order

within segment, and age within household) every

nth name on the list starting with the yth name,

y being a number between 1 and n selected

randomly, and n being the extent of oversampling in the original draw.

In Cycle III, as in Cycle II, twins who were

deleted in the sample selection were also scheduled for examination, time permitting, as were

youths deleted from the Cycle III sample who

had been examined in Cycle II. The sample was

selected in Cycle III, as it had been for the

children in Cycle II, so as to contain the correct

proportion of youths from families having only

one eligible youth, two eligible youths, and so

on, to be representative of the total target

population. However, since households were one

of the elements in the sample frame, the number

of related youths in the resultant sample is

greater than would come from a design which

sampled youths 12-17 years without regard to

household. The resultant estimated mean measurements or rates should be unbiased, but their

sampling variability will be somewhat greater

than those from more costly, time-consuming

systematic sample design in which every kth

youth would be selected.

The total probability sample for Cycle III

included 7,514 youths representative of the

approximately 22.7 million noninstitutionalized

U.S. youths age 12-17 years. The sample contained youths from 25 different States and

approximately 1,000 in each single year of age.

The response rate in Cycle III was 90 percent,

with 6,768 youths examined out of the total

sample. These examinees were closely representative of those in the sample as well as the

population from which the sample was drawn

with respect to age, sex, race, region, population

density, and population growth in area of

residence. Hence it appears unlikely that nonresponse could bias the findings appreciably.

Measures used to control the quality of the

data from these surveys have been cited previously;G 16 those additional measures specifically

related to the testing of hearing are outlined in

an earlier section of this report.

Reliability

While measurement processes in the surveys

were carefully standardized and closely controlled, the correspondence between the real

world and survey results cannot be expected to

be exact. Survey data are imperfect for three

major reasons: ( 1) results are subject to sampling

error, (2) the actual conduct of a survey never

agrees perfectly with the design, and (3) the

measurement processes themselves are inexact

even though standardized and controlled.

The first report on Cycle 1116 describes in

detail the faithfulness with which the sampling

design was carried out.

Data recorded for each sample youth are

inflated in the estimation process to characterize

the larger universe of which the sample youth is

representative. The weights used in this inflation

process are a product of the reciprocal of the

probability of selecting the youth, an adjustment for nonresponse cases, and a poststratified

ratio adjustment which increases precision by

bringing survey results into closer alignment

with known U.S. population figures by color

and sex within single years of age 12 through 17

for the youths’ survey.

In the third cycle of the Health Examination

Survey (as for the children in Cycle II) the

samples were the result of three principal stages

of selection—the single PSU from each stratum,

the 20 segments from each sample PSU, and the

sample youth from the eligible persons. The

102
probability y of selecting an individual youth is

the product of the probability of selection at

each stage.

Since the strata are roughly equal in population size and a nearly equal number of sample

youths were examined in each of the sample

PSU’S, the sample design is essentially selfweighting with respect to the target population;

that is, each youth 12 through 17 years had

about the same probability of being drawn into

the respective samples.

The adjustment upward for nonresponse is

intended to minimize the impact of nonresponse

on final estimates by imputing to nonrespondents the characteristics of “similar” respondents.

Here “similar” respondents were judged to be

examined youths in a sample PSU having the

same age (in years) and sex as youths not

examined in that sample PSU.

The poststratified ratio adjustment used in

the third cycle achieved most of the gains in

,precision which would have been attained if the

sample had been drawn from a population

stratified by age, color, and sex and makes the

final sample estimates of population agree exactly with independent controls prepared by the

Bureau of the Census for the U.S. noninstitutional population as of March 9, 1968 (approximate midsurvey point for Cycle III), by color

and sex for each single year of age 12-17. The

weight of every responding sample youth in each

of the 24 age, color, and sex classes is adjusted

upward or downward so that the weighted total

within the class equals the independent population control for each survey.

In addition to youths not examined at all,

there were some whose examinations were incomplete in one frequency or another. If the

technician considered some parts of the test

unreliable because of physical or mental reasons

or because the audiometer was not functioning

properly, the test parts affected were not used.

The extent of missing data for the hearing tests

is shown in table I.

For each of the examined youths not given

the hearing test, a respondent of the same

age-sex-race group was selected at random and

his test results were assigned to the nonexamined person.

When only incomplete test results were available (38 youths), a variety of methods were

used, depending upon the extent of missing

data. If only one ear was tested, it was assumed

that the findings for the other ear would have

been the same. If partial results were available,

the levels reached by the other ear at the

particular frequencies were used as the estimates

if they were consistent with the audiogram for

the ear on which data were missing. Otherwise,

projections were made on the basis of the parts

of the audiogram available.

No attempt was made to estimate findings for

the 3 youths not given the ENT examination,

the 38 with no medical history related to

Table 1. Missing hearing test data, by age of examinee: Health Examination Survey, 1966-69

Hearing test missing

All frequencies (numbar of youths for whom one

ormoretest parts are incomplete) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Test incomplete for frequencies of:

250 Hz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

500 Hz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1000 Hz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2000 Hz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3000 Hz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4000 Hz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6000 HZ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8GOOHZ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

All

?xaminees,

12-17

yaars

38

45

45

46

46

47

48

46

52

12

years

7T

13 14

years years

8 5

Number of ears

1

7

8

8

8

8

9

7

9

10

8

8

8

11

10

10

12

5

5

5

6

5

5

5

7

—

15

years

8

10

?1

10

10

10

10

12

12

16

years

6

10

10

12

10

10

10

10

10

17

years

4

3

3

3

4

3

4

2

2

103
hearing or ear problems from the parent, and the

10 youths who did not complete this part of

their health history. Rather, it was assumed that

the distribution of the findings among these

youths would be similar to that for youths with

complete examination and history.

Sampling and Measurement Error

In the present report, reference has been

made to efforts to minimize bias and variability

of measurement techniques.

The probability design of the survey makes

possible the calculation of sampling errors. The

sampling error is used here to determine how

imprecise the survey test results may be because

they come from a sample rather than from the

measurements of all elements in the universe.

The estimation of sampling errors for a study

of the type of the Health Examination Survey is

difficult for at least three reasons: (1) measurement error and “pure” sampling error are

confounded in the data—it is not easy to find a

procedure which will either completely include

both or treat one or the other separately. (2) the

survey design and estimation procedure are

complex and accordingly require computationally involved techniques for the calculation of

variances, and (3) from the survey are coming

thousands of statistics, many for subclasses of

the population for which there are a small

number of cases. Estimates of sampling error are

obtained from the sample data and are themselves subject to sampling error which may be

large when the number of cases in a cell is small,

or even occasionally when the number of cases is

substantial.

Estimates of approximate sampling variability

for selected statistics used in this report are

included in the detailed tables. These estimates

have been prepared by a replication technique

which yields overall variability through observation of variability among random subsamples of

the total sample.1 G The method reflects both

“pure” sampling variance and a part of the

measurement variance.

In accordance with usual practice, the interval

estimate for any statistic may be considered the

range within one standard error of the tabulated

statistic, with 68-percent confidence; or the

range within two standard errors of the tabulated statistic, with 95-percent confidence. The

latter is used as the level of significance in this

report.

An approximation of the standard error of a

difference d = x – y of two statistics x and y is

given by the formula Sd = (S; + S; )% where SX

and SY are the sampling errors, respectively, of x

and y. Of course, where the two groups or

measures are positively or negatively correlated,

this will give an overestimate or underestimate,

respectively, of the actual standard error.

Small Numbers

In some tables magnitudes are shown for cells

for which the sample size is so small that the

sampling error may be several times as great as

the statistic itself. Obviously in such instances

the statistic has no meaning in itself except to

indicate that the true quantity is small. Such

numbers, if shown, have been included in the

belief that they may help to convey an impression of the overall story of the table.

000

104
APPENDIX II

DEMOGRAPHIC AND SOCIOECONOMIC TERMS

.4gy’.-The age recorded for each youth was

the age at last birthday on the date of examination. The age criterion for inclusion in the

s:imple used in this survey was defined in terms

of age at time of interview. Since the examination usually took place 2 to 4 weeks after the

inttn-view, some of those who were 17 years old

at the time of interview became 18 years old by

the time of examination. There were 23 such

CWWS,In the adjustment and weighting procechmx used to produce national estimates, these

23 were included in the 17-year group.

Ruce,–Race was recorded as “white,” “Negro,” or “other. “ “Other” included American

Indiims, Chinese, Japanese, and all races other

than white or Negro. Mexican persons were

included with “white” unless definitely known

to be American Indian or of other nonwhite

rice, Negroes and persons of mixed Negro and

other parentage were recorded as “Negro.”

G,wgraphic regz”on. –For purposes of strati fimtion the United States was divided into four

~cugr:iphic regions of approximately equal popuIuticm. These regions, which correspond closely

to those used by the Bureau of the Census, were

JS follows:

Rep”on

Northeast. . . . . .

Nlichvcst . . . . . .

!kmth. . . . . . . .

States included

Maine, Vermont, New

Hampshire, Massachusetts,

Connecticut, Rhode Island,

New York, New Jersey, and

Pennsylvania

Ohio, Illinois, Indiana,

Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Iowa, and Missouri

Delaware, Maryland, District of Columbia, West Virginia, Virginia, Kentucky,

Tennessee, North Carolina,

South Carolina, Georgia,

Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Arkansas

West . . . . . . . . Washington, Oregon, California, Nevada, New Mexico, Arizona, Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, Nebraska,

North Dakota, South Dakota, Idaho, Utah, Colorado, Montana, Wyoming,

Alaska, and Hawaii

Urban–rural. –The definition of urban-rural

areas was the same as that used in the 1960

census. According to this definition, the urban

population was comprised of all persons living in

(a) places of 2,500 inhabitants or more incorporated as cities, boroughs, villages, and towns

(except towns in New England, New York, and

Wisconsin); (b) the densely settled urban fringe,

whether incorporated or unincorporated, of

urbanized areas; (c) towns in New England and

townships in New Jersey and Pennsylvania

which contained no incorporated municipalities

as subdivisions and had either 2,500 inhabitants

or more, or a population of 2,500 to 25,000 and

a density of 1,500 persons or more per square

mile; (d) counties in States other than the New

England States, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania

that had no incorporated municipalities within

their boundaries and had a density of 1,500

persons or more per square mile; and (e)

unincorporated places of 2,500 inhabitants or

more not included in any urban fringe. The

remaining population was classified as rural.

Urban areas are further classified by population size for places within urbanized areas and

other urban places outside urbanized areas.

105
Family income. –The income recorded was

the total income of the past 12 months received

by the head of the household and all other

household members related to the head by

blood, marriage, or adoption. This income was

the gross cash income (excluding pay in kind)

except in the case of a family with their own

farm or business, in which case net income was

recorded.

Parent. –A parent was the natural parent or,

in the case of adoption, the legal parent of the

child.

Guardian.–A guardian was responsible for

the care and supervision of the child. He

(or she) did not have to be the legal

guardian to be considered the guardian for

this survey. A guardianship could only exist

when the parent(s) of the child did not

reside within the sample household.

Head of household. –Only one person in<ach

household was designated as the “head.” He (or

she) was the person who was regarded as the

“head” by the members of the household. In

most cases the head was the chief breadwinner

of the family, although this was not always true.

In some cases the head was the parent of the

chief earner, or the only adult member of the

household.

000

106
APPENDIX Ill

HISTORY AND RECORDING FORMS

A. MEDICAL HISTORY OF YOUTH–PARENT’S QUESTIONNAIRE

CONFIDENTIAL - All information which would permit identification of the individual will be held strictly

‘confidential, will be used OTZIVby persons engaged in and for the purposes of the survey and will not

be disclosed or released to others for any other purposes (22 FR 1687).

DEPARTMENT OF

HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE

PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE

NATIONAL HEALTH SURVEY

MEDICAL HISTORY OF YOUTH Sample number

Parent’s Questionnaire

NAME OF CHILD (Last, First, Middle) SEGMENT SERIAL COL. NO.

NOTE: Please answer the questions by checking the correct boxes or by filling in the blanks,

as required. If a question is unclear leave the answer blank and draw a line around the question. A representative of the Public Health Service will collect your filled in questionnaire

in a few days and she will help you answer the unclear questions. Thank you for your

cooperation.

25. Have his (her) ears ever been damaged or injured in any way?

1Y

Yes ,DNo

IF YES: In what way?

26. Have his (her) ear drums ever been opened or lanced?

IF YES:

a. How many times: I •l Once , ❑ More than once

b. In which ear? ~❑ Left 2 H Right 3 ❑ Both 4 ❑ I don’t remember

107
27. Has he or she ever had any other kind of ear operation?

1 9

Yes ,~No

IF YES: a. What was it for?

b. Which ear’?

28. Has he or she ever had a running ear or any discharge from the ears (’except wax in the

ears)?

1Y

Yes XUNO

IF YES:

a. How often? I •l (hce z ❑ More than once

b. From which ear? I ❑ Left 2 ❑ Right , ❑ Both 4 ❑ I don’t remember

29. In the past year has he or she had an earache?

III Yes , ❑ No

30. Does he or she have any difficulty hearing?

I •l Yes 20NcI

31. Has he or she had any other ear trouble?

1 9Yes ,DNcI

IF YES: What?

108
B. HEALTH HABITS AND HISTORY–YOUTH

CONFIDENTIAL - All information which would permit identification of the individual will be held

strictly confidential, will be used only by persons engaged in and for the purposes of the survey and

will not be disclosed or released to others for any other purposes (22 FR 1687).

DEPARTMENT OF HES

HEALTH, EDUCATION,AND WELFARE

PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE

NATIONAL HEALTH SURVEY

T

HEALTH HABITS AND HISTORY - Youth

I I I

Name (Last, First, Middle) SSGMENT SERIAL COL. NO.

INSTRUCTIONS: On the following pages you will find a set of questions dealing with

your health. Since every person is different, there are no “standard” answers to the

questions; just answer them as fully and honestly as you can. Your answers will be

kept confidential. Do your best to pick the most likely answer from among the choices

given. Only if you really don’t know the answer check “Don’t know. ”

14. Do you have any difficulty hearing?

1 Cl Yes 20No

15. Were your ears ever damaged or injured in any way?

1 •l Yes 20No 3 ❑ Don’t know

a. IF YES: In what way and when?

16. In the past year, how often did you have earaches?

1 ❑ Not at all (1 can’t remember any)

2 ❑ Not very often (about once a month or less)

3 ❑ Quite often (more than once a month)

17. Have you ever had any other kind of trouble with your ears?

1 •l Yes 20No

a. IF YES: What was it?

109
C. RECORDING FORM FOR ENT EXAMINATION

HEALTH EXAMINATIONSURVEY-111

ENT EXAMINATION

R L R L

EXTERNAL EAR (Except Canal) 10 1 ❑ NO FINDINGS 10 1❑ OPERATIVE SCAR

2D 2 ❑ FINDINGS * 20 2 ❑ OTHER (De$crlbe):

I

RL

AUDITORY 10 1 ❑ NO FINDINGS

CANAL 20 2 ❑ FINDINGS~

DRUM

Zn 20

30 30

NO FINDINGS

FINDING$~

NOT VISIBLE

DR#M M~BILE

10 1 ❑ YES

20 2DN0

Occluded: Occluded By:

R L R L

10 1 ❑ PARTIALLY 10 1❑ CERUMEN

2U 2 ❑ COMPLETELY 2!3 2 ❑ OTHER (Describe):

R

lo

20

‘cl

20

10

L

1 ❑ &QUE)

2 ❑ TRANSPARENT

1 ❑ BULGING

2 ❑ RETRACTED

1 •1 $AL:’J’4

R L

10 1 ❑ RED

20 2 ❑ ;T~~E;~OR10 1 ❑ FLUID

ICI 1 H OTHER FINDINGS (Dwr;be):

Perforated:

WITH DISCHARGE

WITHOUT

DISCHARGE

SCARS

3CI PNEUMATIC OTOSCOPY

3 ❑ uNSATISFACTORY

ORAL PHARYNX

1 Q NO FINDINGS

2 ❑ FINDINGS (Describe):

roNsILs:

1 ❑ NOT VISIBLE

2 ❑ TONSILLAR TAGS PRESENT

3 ❑ TONSILS PRESENT-GRADE I

(withinTonsill.ar pillars)

4 ❑ TONSILS PRESENT–GRADE II

(Outside Tomillar Pillarsbut m.f lhoti.~ in Midli.e]

5 ❑ TONSILS PRESENT-GRADE Ill

(Meeting in Midline)

OTHER SIGNIFICANT FINDINGS:

RL

10 lUNO

2 ❑ 2 ❑ YES (Describe)

20 2 H FINDINGS —> 2 ❑ 2 H CHRONIC

PEW-461 1-7

REV. 11-66

SAMIE NUMBER [1-5)

110
APPENDIX IV

STANDARDS FOR REFERENCE

(AUDIOMETRIC) ZERO

The sound pressure standards for “normal”

:iuditory threshold—the 1951 American Standards Association audiometric zero—maintained

by the National Bureau of Standards were

derived from data of the National Health Survey

of 1935-36, as described previously. The original

measurements were determinations of voltages

:lpplied at the terminals of the audiometer

wirphones used in the survey for a subgroup of

persons with “normal” hearing. These threshold

data were transferred by loudness balancing to a

group of standard earphones designed especially

for stability in calibration–the Western Electric

705-A. After loudness balancing, the earphones

were placed on an NBS 9-A standard calibrating

mmpkr and their response was measured.

Ltiter, and in a similar fashion, the National

Bureau of Standards transferred the threshold

from the Western Electric 705-A earphone to

five other types of earphones.

The threshold standard in terms of sound

pressure in a standard coupler will be valid

for the earphones of these types, provided

thut the earphone cushions are of controlled

profile, thickness, and compliance; that the

distance from the front of the face of the

moving diaphragm to the plane of the

cushion is held constant; and that the

wirphone is held against the ear with a

17,18 They wdl not constant coupling force.

apply to earphones of other types.

The transfer characteristics for the TDH-39

earphones MX-41/AR cushions used in this

survey were those determined for the Health

Examination Survey instruments at the University of Pittsburgh 9 to replace those previously

suggested by Allison Laboratories.z 0

The new (1964) standard reference zero

recommended by the International Organization

for Standardization (1S0)11 YZI ‘z 4 was adopted

in the 1969 American National standard for

audiometers during conduct of this survey to

replace the differing 1951 American and the

1954 British Standards.zs Since these new

standards are appearing in many of the journals

and other technical publications, the comparison

of them with the 1951 American Standard on

the 705-A earphones and the TDH-39 earphones

used in this survey is shown in table II.

The thresholds for the 1951 American Standard and the recommended 1S0 Standard on the

705-A earphones are rounded to the nearest 0.5

dB in accordance with the 1S0 method of

presentation. The TDH-39 thresholds are retained in the form used to convert the findings

from this survey to decibels re 0.0002 dyne per

square centimeter, as shown in the section,

“Comparison With Previous Findings.”

111
Table II. Comparison of 1951 American Standarcl and the recommended ISO Standard for reference zero

Frequency

250cPs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5oocps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1000 cps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2ooocps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3ooocps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4000 CPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6000 cPs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8000cPs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Decibels re 0.0002 dyne per square cm

39.6

25.0

16.5

17.0

216.0

15.0

‘ 17.5

20.9

45.4

30.0

22.6

21.8

26.7

16.9

23.9

26.5

24.5

11.0

6.5

8.5

7.5

9.0

8.0

9.5

10n NBS 9-A coutier. TDH-39 earphone reference values shown here ere those determined for the Health Examination Survey

instruments at the University of Pittsburgh. 19 The other two sets were determined by averaging Many different determinations from

many different countries, available from the National Bureau of Standards.

2 Estimated.

112 * u. a. oovm+rmmrw PRINTING OFFICE :1975 z]o-wJlr40
VITAL AND HEALTH STATISTICS PUBLICATION SERIES

Formerly Public Health Service Publication No. 1000

Series 1. Programs and collection procedures. —Reports which describe the general programs of the National

Center for Health Statistics and its offices and divisions, data collection methods used, definitions,

and other material necessary for understanding the data.

Series 2. Dab ewzluation and methods research. —Studies of new statistical methodology including: experimental tests of new survey methods, studies of vital statistics collection methods, new analydcal

techniques, objective evaluations of reliability of collected data, contributions to statistical theory.

Series 3. Analytical studies. -Reports presenting analytical or interpretive studies based on vital and health

statistics, carrying the analysis further than the expository types of reports in the other series.

Series 4. Documents and committee reports.— Final reports of major committees concerned with vital and

health statistics, and documents such as recommended model vital registration laws and revised

birth and death certificates.

Series 10. Data from the Health Interview Swwev. —Statistics on illness, accidental injuries, disabili~, use

of hospital, medical, dental, and other services, and other health-related topics, based on data

collected in a continuing national household interview survey.

Series 11. Data from the Healtlz Examination Survey. —Data from direct examination, testing, and meastrrement of national samples of the civilian, noninstitutional population provide the basis for two types

of reports: (1) estimates of the medically defined prevalence of specific diseases in the United

States and the distributions of the population with respect to physical, physiological, and psychological characteristics; and (2) analysis of relationships among the various measurements without

reference to an explicit finite universe of persons.

Series 12. Data jkom the Institutional Population Surveys. —Statistics relating to the health characteristics of

persons in institutions, and their medical, nursing, and personal care received, based on national

samples of establishments providing these services and samples of the residents or patients.

Sevies 13. Data from the Hosfiital Discharge Survey. —Statistics relating to (Xsckarged patients in short-stay

hospitals, based on a sample of patient records in a national sample of hospitals.

Series 14. Data on health resources: manpower and facilities. —Statistics on the numbers, geographic distribution, and characteristics of health resources including physicians, dentists, nurses, other health

occupations, hospitals, nursing homes, and outpatient facilities.

Ssries 20. Datu on movtulity. —Various statistics on mortality other than as included in regular annual or

monthly reports - special analyses by cause of death, age, and other demographic variables, also

geographic and time series analyses.

Series 21. Data on rtatality, marriage, and divorce. —Various statistics on natality, marriage, and divorce

other than as included in regular amual or monthly reports-pecial analyses by demographic

variables, also geographic and time series analyses, studies of fertility.

Series 22. Datu from the National Natility and Mortality Suvveys.— Statistics on characteristics of birrhs

and deaths not available from the vital records, based on sample surveys stemming from these

records, including such topics as mortality by socioeconomic class, hospital experience in the

last year of life, medical care during pregnancy, health insurance coverage, etc.

For a list of titles of reports published in these series, write to: Scientific and Technical Information

Branch

National Center for Health Statistics

Public Health Service, HRA

Rockville, Md. 20852