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AFFIRMATION OF THE UNITED STATES RECORD

ON THE ARMENIAN GENOCIDE RESOLUTION

MARKUP

BEFORE THE

COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN AFFAIRS 

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

ONE HUNDRED ELEVENTH CONGRESS

SECOND SESSION

ON

H. Res. 252

MARCH 4, 2010

Serial No. 111–84

Printed for the use of the Committee on Foreign Affairs

(

Available via the World Wide Web: http://www.foreignaffairs.house.gov/

(II)

COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN AFFAIRS 

HOWARD L. BERMAN, California, Chairman 

GARY L. ACKERMAN, New York 

ENI F.H. FALEOMAVAEGA, American 

Samoa 

DONALD M. PAYNE, New Jersey 

BRAD SHERMAN, California 

ELIOT L. ENGEL, New York 

BILL DELAHUNT, Massachusetts 

GREGORY W. MEEKS, New York 

DIANE E. WATSON, California 

RUSS CARNAHAN, Missouri 

ALBIO SIRES, New Jersey 

GERALD E. CONNOLLY, Virginia 

MICHAEL E. MCMAHON, New York 

JOHN S. TANNER, Tennessee 

GENE GREEN, Texas 

LYNN WOOLSEY, California 

SHEILA JACKSON LEE, Texas 

BARBARA LEE, California 

SHELLEY BERKLEY, Nevada 

JOSEPH CROWLEY, New York 

MIKE ROSS, Arkansas 

BRAD MILLER, North Carolina 

DAVID SCOTT, Georgia 

JIM COSTA, California 

KEITH ELLISON, Minnesota 

GABRIELLE GIFFORDS, Arizona 

RON KLEIN, Florida 

VACANT 

ILEANA ROS-LEHTINEN, Florida 

CHRISTOPHER H. SMITH, New Jersey 

DAN BURTON, Indiana 

ELTON GALLEGLY, California 

DANA ROHRABACHER, California 

DONALD A. MANZULLO, Illinois 

EDWARD R. ROYCE, California 

RON PAUL, Texas 

JEFF FLAKE, Arizona 

MIKE PENCE, Indiana 

JOE WILSON, South Carolina 

JOHN BOOZMAN, Arkansas 

J. GRESHAM BARRETT, South Carolina 

CONNIE MACK, Florida 

JEFF FORTENBERRY, Nebraska 

MICHAEL T. MCCAUL, Texas 

TED POE, Texas 

BOB INGLIS, South Carolina 

GUS BILIRAKIS, Florida 

RICHARD J. KESSLER, Staff Director 

YLEEM POBLETE, Republican Staff Director 

SHANNA WINTERS, Chief Counsel 

LAURA RUSH, Professional Staff Member/Security Officer 

GENELL BROWN, Senior Staff Associate/Hearing Coordinator 

(III)

C O N T E N T S 

Page

MARKUP OF 

H. Res. 252, Calling upon the President to ensure that the foreign policy 

of the United States reflects appropriate understanding and sensitivity 

concerning issues related to human rights, ethnic cleansing, and genocide 

documented in the United States record relating to the Armenian Genocide, 

and for other purposes. ........................................................................................ 2

APPENDIX 

Markup notice .......................................................................................................... 52

Markup minutes ...................................................................................................... 53

Record vote ............................................................................................................... 55

The Honorable Howard L. Berman, a Representative in Congress from the 

State of California, and Chairman, Committee on Foreign Affairs: Prepared 

statement .............................................................................................................. 56

The Honorable Dan Burton, a Representative in Congress from the State 

of Indiana: Prepared statement .......................................................................... 58

The Honorable Gerald E. Connolly, a Representative in Congress from the 

State of Virginia: Prepared statement ............................................................... 60

The Honorable John Boozman, a Representative in Congress from the State 

of Arkansas: Prepared statement ....................................................................... 62

The Honorable John S. Tanner, a Representative in Congress from the State 

of Tennessee: Prepared statement ...................................................................... 64

The Honorable Gene Green, a Representative in Congress from the State 

of Texas: Prepared statement ............................................................................. 66

The Honorable Sheila Jackson Lee, a Representative in Congress from the 

State of Texas ....................................................................................................... 67

(1)

AFFIRMATION OF THE UNITED STATES

RECORD ON THE ARMENIAN GENOCIDE

RESOLUTION 

THURSDAY, MARCH 4, 2010

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, 

COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN AFFAIRS, 

Washington, DC. 

The committee met, pursuant to notice, at 10:10 a.m. in room 

2172, Rayburn House Office Building, Hon. Howard L. Berman 

(chairman of the committee) presiding. 

Chairman BERMAN. A quorum being present, the committee shall 

come to order. Before we get to the committee’s business I would 

simply like to announce that in addition to a closed briefing on an 

important subject this afternoon at 4 o’clock, which all members 

have been invited to, next week we will hold a hearing on Internet 

freedom on Wednesday at 10 o’clock, and on Thursday morning we 

will have a meeting of our Foreign Aid Reform Task Force, and I 

encourage all members to come to those. 

A quorum being present, as I mentioned, the committee is in 

order, and pursuant to notice I call up H. Res. 252, Affirmation of 

the United States Record on the Armenian Genocide Resolution. 

[H. Res. 252 follows:]

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Chairman BERMAN. In a moment I will yield myself 5 minutes 

to make an opening statement on the resolution and 5 minutes to 

the ranking member to provide her views. Other members who 

wish to make general statements may do so by asking to strike the 

last word. 

Without objection, I may recess the committee from time to time. 

In addition, I may exercise the chair’s prerogative under Rule 4 of 

the committee rules to postpone votes for the convenience of members. I will give members as much notice as I can on when such 

postponed votes will occur. 

Before we begin the discussion today I would like to recognize 

some special guests who are with us today. First we are joined by 

three survivors of the Armenian Genocide: Onorik Eminian, who is 

97 years old from Flushing, New York, Mr. Ackerman’s congressional district; Charlotte Kechejian, 98 years old, also from Flushing; and from Chevy Chase, Maryland, at the age of 105 years, 

Yeretzgeen Sirarpi Khayan. We are honored and humbled by your 

presence. 

We also are joined by three distinguished members of the Armenian Parliament and eight distinguished members of the Turkish 

Parliament, including the chairman of the Foreign Affairs Committee, the Honorable Murat Mercan, and the Turkish Ambassador 

to the United States, His Excellency Namik Tan. 

Finally, I want to make it clear that only members of the committee will be recognized to participate in the debate. We are not 

going to have members of the audience making statements or answering questions or participating in any other way, and I now recognize myself for 5 minutes to make an opening statement. 

Turkey is a vital and, in most respects, a loyal ally to the United 

States in a volatile region. We have also been a loyal ally to Turkey 

and should continue to be so. Be that as it may, nothing justifies 

Turkey’s turning a blind eye to the reality of the Armenian Genocide. It is regrettable, for example, that Turkey’s Nobel Prize-winning novelist, Orhan Pamuk, was essentially hounded out of his 

native country for speaking out on this subject. 

Now, I don’t pretend to be a professional historian. I haven’t 

scoured the archives in Istanbul looking for original documents, but 

the vast majority of experts—the vast majority—academics, authorities in international law, and others who have looked at this 

issue for years agree that the tragic massacres of the Armenians 

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In a letter to Members of Congress 2 years ago, the International 

Association of Genocide Scholars stated the following, and I quote:

‘‘The historical record on the Armenian Genocide is unambiguous and documented by overwhelming evidence. It is proven 

by foreign office records of the United States, France, Great 

Britain, Russia, and perhaps most importantly, of Turkey’s 

World War I allies, Germany and Austria-Hungary, as well as 

by the records of the Ottoman Court-Martial of 1918–1920, and 

by decades of scholarship. 

‘‘As crimes of genocide continue to plague the world, Turkey’s 

policy of denying the Armenian Genocide gives license to those 

who perpetrate genocide everywhere.’’

The Genocide Scholars urged the House to pass a resolution acknowledging the Armenian Genocide because, they said, it would 

constitute—and I quote again—‘‘recognition of a historical turning 

point in the twentieth century, the event that inaugurated the era 

of modern genocide. In spite of its importance, the Armenian Genocide has gone unrecognized until recently, and warrants a symbolic 

act of moral commemoration.’’

Professor Yehuda Bauer, a highly respected scholar at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, has written that the Armenian 

Genocide, is in his words, ‘‘the closest parallel to the Holocaust.’’

In a 1985 report, a subcommission of the U.N. Commission on 

Human Rights found that the massacres of the Armenians qualified as genocide. And Raphael Lemkin, the Polish lawyer who 

coined the word ‘‘genocide’’ and drafted the international genocide 

convention, told an interviewer that ‘‘I became interested in genocide because it happened to the Armenians.’’

Nearly two dozen other countries—including France, Canada, 

Russia, Switzerland and Chile—have formally recognized the Armenian Genocide. So has the European Parliament. As the world 

leader in promoting human rights, the United States has a moral 

responsibility to join them. 

The Turks say passing this resolution could have terrible consequences for our bilateral relationship, and indeed perhaps there 

will be some consequences. But I believe that Turkey values its relationship with the United States at least as much as we value our 

relations with Turkey. And I believe the Turks, however deep their 

dismay today, fundamentally agree that the United States-Turkish 

alliance is simply too important to get sidetracked by a non-binding 

resolution passed by the House of Representatives. 

At some point every nation must come to terms with its own history, and that is all we ask of Turkey. Germany has accepted responsibility for the Holocaust. South Africa has set up a Truth 

Commission to look at apartheid. And here at home, we continue 

to grapple with the legacies of slavery and our horrendous treatment of Native Americans. 

It is now time for Turkey to accept the reality of the Armenian 

Genocide. This will most likely be a difficult and painful process for 

the Turkish people, but at the end of the day, it will strengthen 

Turkish democracy and put the United States-Turkey relationship 

on a better footing. 

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I urge my colleagues to support this resolution, and I now turn 

to the ranking member, Ileana Ros-Lehtinen, for her statement. 

Ms. ROS-LEHTINEN. Thank you so much, Mr. Chairman. The 

death of 1.5 million Armenians at the hands of officials of the Ottoman Empire almost a century ago was a dark and horrific chapter 

in human rights, one which has had an enduring impact on the 

psyche of subsequent generations of Armenians. It continues to significantly influence the relations between the current nation states 

of Armenian and Turkey and thereby impacts attempts at reconciliation between the two countries. 

This is also an extremely sensitive time for U.S. efforts in both 

Europe and the Middle East, and we need to ensure that our decisions and our actions concerning the resolution before us do not 

have unintended consequences that could place at risk critical U.S. 

security interests, our operations in Afghanistan and Iraq and our 

troops serving in harm’s way. 

Without question, this is an extremely serious matter that requires careful consideration. Unfortunately, we are at a disadvantage today. The current administration, in contrast to the Bush and 

Clinton administrations, has chosen not to engage in any way prior 

to today’s markup and has not yet decided if it will at all at some 

later point. Despite various congressional requests, it has not submitted any views or provided any recent documentation that could 

assist us in our committee in arriving at the decision before us on 

House Resolution 252. 

As such, some of us have reviewed information provided by the 

Department of Defense in 2007 and the intelligence community in 

2009 in an effort to gain a more complete understanding of the different foreign policy priorities and important security interests at 

stake. Our colleague, Mr. McCaul, has reviewed those documents. 

He has constituents serving in Iraq and Afghanistan and wanted 

to ensure that he fully understood the potential ramifications for 

their safety and the safety of all of our personnel engaging the 

enemy in these countries. 

The information contained in these documents had a profound 

impact on the way that he views today’s markup of House Resolution 252 and what it could mean for our military operations. More 

broadly, as a number of our colleagues, including Chairman Ike 

Skelton of the Armed Forces Committee, cautioned in a letter to 

Chairman Berman and me earlier this week, and I quote:

‘‘This legislation will have very real and meaningful consequences internationally. While we can and should debate the 

best ways to defeat extremism and help strengthen our struggling economy, we certainly should not be considering proposals that will only further damage our country both militarily and economically.’’

Lastly, I would suggest that it does not help nor advance our nation’s interest for the members of this committee to engage in a titfor-tat to disparage either the Armenian or the Turkish Government. To ensure that members have ample opportunity to express 

their support and raise concerns about this measure, Mr. Chairman, I will yield back my time. Thank you. 

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Chairman BERMAN. The ranking member has yielded back her 

time. 

Without objection, the resolution shall be considered as read and 

open for amendment at any point. Members now will be recognized 

to strike the last word or to offer amendments. The gentleman from 

New York, the chairman of the Middle East and South Asia Subcommittee, Mr. Ackerman, for what purpose do you seek recognition? 

Mr. ACKERMAN. I was hoping not to go first, but I guess the alphabet will have its way. I move to strike the last word, Mr. Chairman. 

Chairman BERMAN. The gentleman is recognized for 5 minutes. 

Mr. ACKERMAN. Mr. Chairman, this is not one of those issues 

that Members of Congress look forward to voting on. I think it 

makes us a little bit uncomfortable. It is not as easy for most of 

us to just put out a sign that says yes or no without the kind of 

emotional involvement that so many of our fellow citizens have because of their mother country from which they or their parents or 

ancestors might have come from. 

There is an argument to be made, and you have cited most of 

them, Mr. Chairman, that have been already before us and we 

have already considered. Turkey is an important, strong, necessary 

ally of the United States in so many efforts and so many ways. The 

role that they play in the Middle East as an intermediary, the geographic place which they occupy being so important to the world 

scene and their attitude toward democracy being the democracy 

that we point to that says democracy can work in Islamic countries. 

All of these are of great importance to us. 

And then there is the argument of forgive and forget. Why don’t 

we just ignore what so many have called to our attention, just let 

it go by the boards and not address it at all? But overriding all that 

I think, Mr. Chairman, is the issue of justice and the issue of history and the issue of the historic record. 

It is like telling victims of a crime well, it happened already. Forget it. It is what kept rape victims quiet for so many years. It is 

what kept Holocaust survivors quiet for 40 years. You know, when 

you think about it, it was 40 years before Holocaust victims ever 

spoke up about the atrocities they experienced during the Holocaust. 

Forgive and forget. It is easy to say, I suppose, if you are not the 

one or party to the one who has been damaged or hurt. You cannot 

forgive someone who hurt somebody else, and neither can you erase 

the problem from your memory. If you forget an injustice then it 

doesn’t occur. If you forget something that was wrong, you will no 

longer be able to tell right from wrong because wrong then goes 

away. 

I have given this a lot of thought and thought about it in personal terms, especially because we have those who still are around 

on this planet who say that the Holocaust involving the Jews committed by the Nazis did not occur. We hear it every day from the 

rantings of a mad man in Iran. Some people laugh at it, some people are confused by it and some people are inspired by it, and some 

people say oh, it is only words, and so many others say if you don’t 

16

confront these words then it is going to happen again. That is my 

concern here. 

There are in this audience, as you have introduced, two constituents of mine, among others I am sure, each of whom are 98 years 

old, Mr. Chairman. There was one that was here last year who is 

no longer with us. But these two ladies got up early in the morning 

in Flushing, New York, had some help in getting dressed, getting 

into a chair, being taken to the airport, being put on a plane, being 

taken off the plane, being put back in wheelchairs, coming to the 

Capitol, going through security and getting to this room. 

They are 98 years old. They were alive at the time that this 

genocide took place and they are here for justice. Ninety-eight 

years old. How long can they wait? Shall we tell them once again 

to come back next year? Mr. Chairman, history has to be righted. 

It has to be confronted. It has to be acknowledged. 

I am concerned about the relationship that we have with Turkey, 

but that is a real relationship and it will endure. I would point out 

that after the Holocaust in which 12 million people were killed, 6 

million of them being Jews killed just because they were Jews, that 

this problem plagues us still. 

This is a matter, Mr. Chairman, that must be dealt with, and 

this is the day that we are going to deal with it. There is no come 

back later for people, and there is no putting this vote off for us. 

I yield back. 

Chairman BERMAN. The time of the gentleman has expired. Who 

seeks recognition on the minority side? The gentleman from New 

Jersey, Mr. Smith. 

Mr. SMITH. Thank you very much, Mr. Chairman. 

Chairman BERMAN. For what purpose do you seek recognition? 

Mr. SMITH. Move to strike the last word. 

Chairman BERMAN. The gentleman is recognized for 5 minutes. 

Mr. SMITH. Thank you. Mr. Chairman. In September 2000 I had 

the privilege of chairing a hearing on the Armenian Genocide. It 

was a 4-hour hearing, the first comprehensive hearing this House 

ever held on the Armenian Genocide. 

The testimony we heard that day and the accounts of the atrocities that I have read in articles and books both before and after 

that hearing, including the book by Ambassador Henry Morgenthau, who was our Ambassador at the time, deeply saddened me, 

and I think anyone who was at that hearing or even read some of 

the articles about the genocide would be moved to tears about what 

they have read or seen. I would like to extend my condolences to 

all of those here and others who have lost family members to the 

genocide. 

The existence of an aggressive Turkish Government sponsored 

campaign of genocidal denial was and is deeply shocking and it is 

alarming. In fact, the Turkish Government criminally prosecutes 

people for acknowledging the Armenian Genocide. Congress would 

certainly speak out if Germany denied the Jewish Holocaust or if 

the Russian Government put people in jail for mentioning Ukrainian Holodomor. 

The Turkish Government’s denial of the genocide of 1.5 million 

Armenians is really an outrage. Unfortunately, some have gotten 

used to it or perhaps become desensitized to this assault on the 

17

dignity of the Armenian people. The issue behind this resolution, 

Mr. Chairman, is, when another government denies genocide, 

whether Congress has a responsibility to insist that our Government at least acknowledge it. I believe that we do. 

We have a record of recognizing genocide—the Holocaust, the 

Ukrainian infamous famine wrought by Stalin, the Cambodian and 

the Darfur genocides. In 2005, I was the author of H. Res. 199, 

which recognized the Srebrenica genocide, and which had a very 

beneficial effect in clearing the political climate in Bosnia. 

The Armenian tragedy was by any measure a genocide. In 1915, 

there were about 2 million Armenians living in what was then the 

Ottoman Empire. They were living in a region they had inhabited 

for 2,500 years. By 1923, well over 90 percent of these Armenians 

had disappeared. Most of them, as many as 1.5 million, were dead. 

The remainder had been forced into exile. A few of those exiled are 

here in the audience today. 

The Government of the Empire, whose leaders were members of 

the movement known as the Young Turks, called this campaign 

against Armenians a mass deportation rather than a mass murder, 

but the United States Ambassador to Turkey at the time, Henry 

Morgenthau, called it a ‘‘campaign of race extermination.’’

The British, French and Russian Governments accused the 

Young Turk Government of a crime against humanity, the first 

time in history that that charge was ever made by one state 

against another. Though after World War I the term genocide 

didn’t exist, the world understood what had been done to the Armenians. The Government of Turkey convicted a number of high-ranking Young Turk officials for their role in what the Turkish Government indictment called ‘‘the massacre and destruction of the Armenians.’’

Unfortunately, the Turkish Government later changed course. 

For Armenians everywhere, the Turkish Government’s campaign of 

genocide denial is a cruel slap in the face. It is not only the genocide of 90 years ago, but also the aggressive, ongoing official denial 

that brings us here today. 

I want to note here that this House, this Congress, the Government of the United States, is a friend to Turkey, but friends don’t 

let friends commit crimes against humanity or act as accomplices 

in their denial after they have been committed. 

I would recall to you that, in judging the post-World War I case 

against the prime movers of the genocide, the Turkish President of 

the court stated, and I quote, ‘‘The perpetuation of such atrocities 

is not only incompatible with Ottoman’s laws and the constitution, 

but also is contrary to the dictates of the Muslim faith.’’

I admire him for saying this. He said this for the good of his 

country, and his words were truly patriotic. We could take some 

comfort in the growing willingness of some Turkish citizens, especially scholars, journalists and writers, to acknowledge the Armenian Genocide. 

In standing for truth against their government, these brave men 

and women are standing for Turkey’s real interests and for the Armenian-Turkish reconciliation which can only build on an honest 

acknowledgement of the past by all sides and by all governments. 

18

Again I thank you, Mr. Chairman, for bringing this resolution to 

the committee. 

Chairman BERMAN. The gentleman yields back the balance of his 

time. Who wishes to seek recognition? The gentleman from American Samoa, chairman of the Asia, the Pacific and the Global Environment Subcommittee, Mr. Eni Faleomavaega——

Mr. FALEOMAVAEGA. Mr. Chairman, I move to strike the last 

word. 

Chairman BERMAN [continuing]. Is recognized for 5 minutes. 

Mr. FALEOMAVAEGA. Mr. Chairman, this is certainly an important but a sobering occasion for this committee to consider this proposed resolution. This is not the first time that this resolution has 

been brought before the committee and before the Congress for this 

institution to determine if there was a genocide committed against 

some 2 million Armenians in the years past. It might even be said 

that there is still a debate among historians about the validity of 

the claim and what has been made. 

I recall, Mr. Chairman, a couple years ago that my subcommittee 

chaired also a similar type resolution where whether or not some 

200,000 Asian women were forced into prostitution systematically 

by the Empire Army of the Japanese during World War II, most 

of them Koreans, and we even had two Korean women and one 

from Australia to personally testify to the atrocities and abuses 

that they received when they were under that kind of a situation 

under the Japanese Army. In that resolution I recall we wanted 

the Japanese Government to apologize for this wrong that was 

committed against some 200,000 Asian women during World War 

II. 

I am terribly torn, Mr. Chairman, by the fact that I have just as 

many Turkish-American friends as I have Armenian-American 

friends. I am somewhat reminded of King Solomon’s absolute wisdom when the two mothers appeared before him claiming that they 

owned the child. King Solomon said well, why don’t we divide the 

baby up and maybe that will take care of the situation. But truly 

the mother who really felt so much love for the child pled with 

King Solomon and said no, let the other mother. Then knowingly 

King Solomon said now I know who the real mother of this child 

belongs to. 

Mr. Chairman, this is a very important resolution, as has been 

said previously by our members. This is not an easy issue, and I 

just wanted to ask, Mr. Chairman. My understanding is that there 

is currently an ongoing relationship between Armenia and Turkey 

and I wanted to ask the chairman. 

I believe this is one of the issues that they are trying to resolve 

in looking into the facts and the history and all of that, and I wanted to ask the chairman if he has any understanding of that latest 

development between Armenia and Turkey. 

Chairman BERMAN. Would the gentleman yield to me? 

Mr. FALEOMAVAEGA. I gladly yield. 

Chairman BERMAN. The gentleman is correct. There are protocols 

between Armenia and Turkey that, in fact, our Secretary of State 

is very involved in the diplomatic process that has been entered 

into. Neither Parliament has ratified those protocols and so currently the corridor is still blockaded. The terms that that protocol 

19

tried to create have not been established, and actually it is my belief that there is no imminent likelihood that those protocols will 

be ratified any time in the near future. 

My basis for saying that is that the Turkish Prime Minister, 

Prime Minister Erdogan, has said that essentially these protocols 

will not be put into effect until the Nagorno-Karabakh issue is resolved. 

Mr. FALEOMAVAEGA. I thank the gentleman. I yield back the balance of my time. 

Chairman BERMAN. Who seeks recognition? The gentleman from 

Indiana, the ranking member of the Middle East and South Asia 

Subcommittee. For what purpose do you seek recognition? 

Mr. BURTON. I ask to strike the last word, Mr. Chairman. 

Chairman BERMAN. The gentleman is recognized for 5 minutes. 

Mr. BURTON. My colleague, the chairman of the Middle East Subcommittee, said history must be righted, and I totally agree with 

that. There were horrible things that happened during this time 

period on both sides. I have debated this issue in committee and 

on the floor for many, many years, and I say to the Armenians and 

the Turks who suffered during this time period we feel the pain 

that they went through in that time period. We can’t really feel the 

pain, but we understand what went on. 

What I would like to do is read a little bit about these protocols 

because I think it is very, very important. The Turkish Foreign 

Minister and the Armenian Foreign Minister signed two protocols 

on the establishment of diplomatic relations announcing their mutual desire to establish good, neighborly relations and to develop bilateral cooperation in the political, economic, cultural and other 

fields for the benefits of their peoples. 

These protocols would also reopen the border, as the chairman 

just said, but he says he doesn’t think that is going to happen. The 

protocols also affirmed the commitment of both countries to condemn all forms of terrorism, violence and extremism irrespective of 

their cause. 

These protocols committed Turkey and Armenia to create an 

intergovernmental commission within 2 months of the entry into 

force of such protocols and within 1 month of the establishment of 

such commission to create a subcommission to implement a dialogue on the historical dimension with the aim to restore mutual 

competence between the two nations, including an impartial and 

scientific examination of the historical records and archives to define existing problems and formulate recommendations. 

The historic commission structure specifically allowed for the 

participation of international experts from third parties. This is a 

fragile process that deserves protection as the protocols now rest 

with the Armenian and Turkish Parliaments for ratification. 

I think that what we are doing today if we pass this jeopardizes 

that negotiation between the Armenians and the Turks, and it certainly is not going to help our relationship with the Turks as well. 

We all abhor the horrible tragedies of war and the things that happen on both sides. We get criticized for Hiroshima and Nagasaki 

and fire burning Dresdan, Germany, and Berlin during the Second 

World War. There is no question horrible things happened and we 

20

need to be aware of that and we need to condemn it, but at the 

same time we have to look at things as they are today. 

Now, right now we have troops in Afghanistan who are fighting 

on the border in Pakistan. We have troops in Iraq, which is right 

next to Turkey, and at Incirlik we have a base and that base is in 

Turkey and that is an ally of ours in the NATO alignment. Now, 

this isn’t going to help the understanding between the United 

States and Turkey. 

As a matter of fact, the last time we went into this I think the 

Turkish Ambassador went home for some time, and if we pass this 

resolution I think it is going to jeopardize the relations we have 

with Turkey. I don’t think with our troops in the field and knowing 

that we may have to take some kind of military action down the 

road against maybe even Iran, we need to have as many friends 

in that part of the world as possible, and Turkey has been a friend. 

There is no question horrible things happened, and I see these 

ladies and these gentlemen that are out here who suffered during 

that time period and I have read in the historical documents about 

people who suffered on the Turkish side as well. There is no question that these things happened, but the question is, is it the right 

thing today to pass this kind of resolution? What good is it going 

to do? I don’t see that it is going to help anything. 

Now, the two countries in question are trying to negotiate a settlement to bring in international experts to look at all the historical 

facts and come up with some kind of a conclusion. It seems to me 

that is the best way to let this thing be solved, but for us today 

to ram this thing through and jeopardize our relationship with Turkey at a time when our troops are in the field and we are in war 

makes no sense to me. 

I want to say one more time we have sympathy for the people 

that suffered during that time. We understand tragedies occur. We 

understand horrible atrocities occurred. There is no question about 

that. But we are in the twenty-first century. We have troops in the 

field, and we run the risk of losing a base of operation——

Mr. ACKERMAN. Would the gentleman yield? 

Mr. BURTON. I cannot yield. I am almost out of time. But we run 

the risk of losing a base of operation in Turkey that I think is vital 

to the security of the Middle East and the United States, and I 

think it is also vital to Israel’s security as well and so I feel very 

strongly about this. 

Mr. Ackerman, you and I work together and we are very close, 

but we just have a little disagreement on this. 

Mr. ACKERMAN. Would the gentleman yield for his final 2 seconds? 

Mr. BURTON. I am out of time, but I would have yielded had I 

had the time. 

Chairman BERMAN. The time of the gentleman has expired. I ask 

unanimous consent that the ranking member be allowed to speak 

out of order in order to clarify a statement that she seeks to clarify. 

Ms. ROS-LEHTINEN. Thank you so much, Mr. Chairman. I just 

want to rectify my opening statement. I had said that the administration in a rather forceful way had not taken any decision on this 

resolution, and I have just been handed an AP wire. I will just read 

the first sentence: ‘‘The administration is urging a U.S. congresVerDate 0ct 09 2002 14:28 May 18, 2010 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00024 Fmt 6633 Sfmt 6633 F:\WORK\FULL\030410M\55273 HFA PsN: SHIRL
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sional committee to hold off on a resolution declaring the Ottoman 

era killing of Armenians as genocide, a White House spokesman 

said Thursday,’’ so I stand corrected. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. 

Chairman BERMAN. Who seeks recognition? The gentleman from 

New Jersey, what purpose do you seek recognition? 

Mr. PAYNE. To strike the last word. 

Chairman BERMAN. The gentleman is recognized for 5 minutes. 

Mr. PAYNE. And I will yield 30 seconds to the gentleman from 

New York to respond. 

Mr. ACKERMAN. I thank the gentleman. I was listening to my 

good friend, the ranking member of my subcommittee with whom 

I agree on so many other issues, that if Iran granted us a base and 

improved relations would we agree to set up a commission to discuss whether the Holocaust occurred? I yield back my time. 

Chairman BERMAN. The gentleman from New Jersey controls the 

time. 

Mr. PAYNE. Thank you very much. Let me say that I have consistently strongly supported the recognition that genocide occurred, 

and I certainly strongly support H. Res. 252, the Affirmation of the 

United States Record on the Armenian Genocide Resolution. 

As we know, this resolution calls upon the President to ensure 

that the foreign policy of the United States reflects appropriate understanding and sensitivity concerning issues related to human 

rights, ethnic cleansing and genocide documented in the United 

States record relating to the Armenian Genocide and the consequences of the failure to recognize a just resolution. 

The international community has a terrible record when it comes 

to stepping up and stopping genocide. We know that Adolf Hitler 

said in 1939 that when ordering his commanders to go into Poland 

said who after all speaks today about the annihilation of the Armenians? 

And if Adolf Hitler understood that the world never recognized 

the 1915–1923 genocide, that the world forgot about it even though 

there had been some people speaking out, countries speaking out 

during that time, he used that as one of the rationales for going 

with the Blitzkrieg through Europe. 

And so I think that we should certainly remember the past because the time has come for us to recognize it. Even Voltaire said 

that nothing is as powerful as a dream whose time has come and, 

to paraphrase, nothing is more powerful as the truth whose time 

has come. Now is the time. 

Dr. King used to say that the arch of the moral universe is long, 

but it bends toward justice, and the fact that no lie can live forever 

when he wrote his letters from the Birmingham Jail. And so I 

think that it is important that we recognize the truth. The truth 

crushed to earth will rise again, as has been said. 

And so with 42 states in the United States of America, if there 

was even a constitutional amendment this would have the requisite 

number of states to have the national record reflect. Eleven NATO 

countries have acknowledged that this has occurred. The European 

Parliament, which represents all of Europe, has said it. 

And so I think as the United States of America has stood up to 

the fact that it is even questioning the dropping of the atomic bomb 

on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, looking at the legacy of enslaved peoVerDate 0ct 09 2002 14:28 May 18, 2010 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00025 Fmt 6633 Sfmt 6633 F:\WORK\FULL\030410M\55273 HFA PsN: SHIRL
22

ple for 400 years in this country where 6 million died in the passage coming from Africa to the Western Hemisphere and we have 

acknowledged and have made apologies and have attempted to 

right wrongs. 

I think that it is only fitting and proper that we here in the 

United States Congress should acknowledge. I know that Turkey is 

a very strong ally. There is no question about it, but South Africa 

was an ally of the United States too and we looked the other way 

for a long time as apartheid went on because they were anti Communist. 

We have to I think right the wrong, and with that, Mr. Chairman, I yield back the balance of my time. I certainly support the 

resolution. 

Chairman BERMAN. The time of the gentleman has expired. The 

gentleman from California, Mr. Royce, for what purpose do you 

seek recognition? 

Mr. ROYCE. To strike the last word, Mr. Chairman. 

Chairman BERMAN. The gentleman is recognized for 5 minutes. 

Mr. ROYCE. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. I am a co-sponsor of this 

resolution, and I have worked on this issue since I was in the state 

senate in California where I authored a resolution recognizing the 

Armenian Genocide, the first of any such state. My resolution 

passed in California a generation ago. Now it is time for Congress 

to act. 

When I was young, I knew a survivor. He was the sole survivor 

from his village, and he himself would have been slaughtered had 

not a Turkish neighbor hid him when he was a child. This resolution focuses singularly on the United States’ record of the Armenian Genocide. As the text indicates, our national archives is filled 

with thousands of pages documenting the premeditated extermination of the Armenian people. 

Our own Ambassador to the Ottoman Empire, Henry Morgenthau, recalled in his memoirs, and he was an eyewitness to history, 

so this is our Ambassador. He says that the Ottomans never had 

the slightest idea of reestablishing the Armenians in a new country, he said, knowing that the great majority of those would either 

in his words die of thirst and starvation or be murdered by the 

wild Mohammedin desert tribes. Again to use his words as an eyewitness to history, he said it was a campaign of race extermination 

of the Armenian people. 

The United States has been a global leader in promoting human 

rights around the world. On the issue of the Armenian Genocide, 

however, we lag behind. The French, Swiss, Swedish, Russians, 

Germans, those governments recognize the Armenian Genocide. As 

a global leader in human rights, it is imperative for the United 

States to stand on principle and recognize the annihilation of the 

Armenians as genocide. 

This resolution does not reference the Government of Turkey. It 

references the Ottoman Empire. The Turkish Government was not 

involved in this. The Ottoman Empire was. It is important that 

this committee doesn’t lose sight of truth versus propaganda, right 

versus wrong. 

While the Armenian Genocide was the first of the twentieth century, the blind eye cast to the slaughter of Armenians was a point, 

23

as Mr. Payne pointed out, used by Hitler who asked who after all 

speaks today of the annihilation of the Armenians. He pointed this 

out when he was being internally challenged on his policies. 

The lesson of the genocide is an argument I first learned from 

my father, who served with General Patton’s Third Army and later 

the Seventh when they cut through Germany and finally liberated 

the concentration camps at Dachau. He had his brother’s camera, 

and he documented on film the ovens with bodies stacked like cordwood, the rail cars, the trenches filled with the dead in the Holocaust, and still he finds the need to use those photographs even 

today as he confronts those who deny that genocide. 

So history is a continuum. Yesterday impacts today, which impacts tomorrow. It is much harder to get tomorrow right if we get 

yesterday wrong. The world’s strength to oppose killing today is 

made greater by accountability for actions present, but also past. 

It is weakened by denial of accountability of past acts. 

Not recognizing the Armenian Genocide as such weakens us. For 

the sake of genocides past and present, I urge the passage of this 

bipartisan resolution. 1.5 million Armenians were murdered. Five 

hundred thousand were removed from their homeland. Passing this 

resolution will be a victory for human rights. I yield back, Mr. 

Chairman. 

Chairman BERMAN. The time of the gentleman has expired. The 

chair intends to recognize one more speaker before we recess for 

three votes. It is the chair’s intention to reconvene when we come 

back and proceed through the debate and to a vote without any 

break for lunch, and the chair does not intend to buy lunch for the 

members who are here. 

The gentleman from New York, Mr. McMahon. Do you seek recognition? 

Mr. MCMAHON. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. I seek recognition to 

strike the last word. 

Chairman BERMAN. The gentleman is recognized for 5 minutes. 

Mr. MCMAHON. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. My district of Staten 

Island and Brooklyn in New York is a deeply diverse district, and 

it is my own belief that to represent people from all over the world 

it is important to bring different communities together and to encourage dialogue. 

I take great pride in representing families that have broken free 

from the centuries of nationalist rhetoric and oppression of the old 

to now pursue peaceful lives in multi-ethnic communities throughout our great nation. I have often sought to encourage communications between Greeks, Cypriots, Turks and Armenians in my district and around the world, and in particular I am very supportive 

of the efforts of Secretary Clinton to help normalize relations between Armenia and Turkey. 

I continue to advocate for an occupation free, bizonal and 

bicommunal Cyprus Federation. I am a proud and active member 

of the Hellenic Caucus. It is the first caucus that I joined when I 

came to Congress last year. But I see my job as one to build 

bridges and so I have also joined the Turkish Caucus as well. I am 

in favor of resolving the Nagorno-Karabakh issue and look forward 

to the day when a wave of prosperity and security sweeps over the 

Mediterranean and the Caucasus. 

24

But, Mr. Chairman, I am not naive to think that there aren’t 

some memories and some experiences that are too painful to ever 

move away from or ever be forgotten. For this reason, I have deep 

respect and admiration for the efforts of many in this room to address the horrible tragedies and loss of life that occurred during 

the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire. 

The turbulent years that ended the Ottoman Empire need to be 

revisited and the record of atrocities committed during that time 

and the wounds that were open that continue to this day need to 

be addressed. But it is hard to heal those wounds and repair the 

damage if we continue to look back instead of moving forward. No 

matter how I vote today, history will not be changed. 

But, Mr. Chairman, unfortunately if passed House Resolution 

252 would undermine many of these initiatives and also threaten 

U.S. efforts in Iraq and Afghanistan. This legislation would torpedo 

rather than help efforts to resolve modern day international conflicts and negotiations involving Turkey, particularly the TurkishArmenian protocols which Armenian President Serge Sarkisian referred to as the greatest input of the recent decades in achieving 

peace and stability in the South Caucasus. 

Yet instead of opening up the market between Turkey and Armenia, passage of this resolution will all but ensure that Armenia will 

remain economically frozen for the near future. 

Turkey is also a friend in a tough neighborhood. The advice of 

Turkish officials is well-respected and greatly sought after in areas 

where American ideals are rejected, but most importantly to my decision today Turkey, being one of a handful of secular Muslim U.S. 

allies, is also the crucial passageway for our troops in Iraq and a 

crucial NATO ally. 

Like many, if not most, of my colleagues, I am a strong supporter 

of removing U.S. troops from Iraq. In order to do so we need close 

cooperation with Turkey to transit troops and equipment across 

their border. If H. Res. 252 is passed and Turkey closes the Incirlik 

base and its border to our troops, our armed forces will be forced 

to take longer, more dangerous routes, exposing them to a greater 

possibility of attack and longer deployments. 

In addition, Turkey is a partner with the United States and Afghanistan. Armenia is as well. Turkey currently has 1,755 troops 

deployed. Currently Armenia has zero troops deployed. My commitment to the troops is reaffirmed each time I visit a critically 

wounded young man or woman at Walter Reed Hospital. I would 

never compromise their sacrifice or risk their lives through an 

unsuspecting committee vote. 

Ninety years ago my vote may have been different, but in 2010 

much has changed and there is far too much at risk for our own 

national security. I urge my colleagues to realize the complexities 

of this legislation and vote against House Resolution 252. Mr. 

Chairman, I yield the remainder of my time. 

Chairman BERMAN. The gentleman has yielded back his time. 

The committee shall stand in recess subject to call of the chair. I 

request members return immediately after the last vote is completed so that we can resume debate on the Schiff resolution. 

[Recess.] 

25

Chairman BERMAN. We will resume the markup. Is the gentleman from Indiana, Mr. Pence, within hearing range of my voice? 

Apparently he is. For what purpose does the gentleman from Indiana seek recognition? 

Mr. PENCE. Mr. Chairman, I move to strike the last word. 

Chairman BERMAN. The gentleman is recognized for 5 minutes. 

Mr. PENCE. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. Today’s markup of H. 

Res. 252, a resolution that would affirm the Armenian Genocide in 

the United States record, I know is a sincere effort by the leadership of this committee and many members of this committee to 

mark a dark chapter in history. 

Let me say without ambiguity and with a heavy heart for the 

families that would be looking in and who join us today. I believe 

a genocide was committed against the Armenian people in the 

early part of the last century and it should never be forgotten. 

The Bible tells me as a Christian to mourn with those who 

mourn and grieve with those who grieve and so we do today in recognizing that fact. The families and the loved ones of victims of 

those terrible events that began more than 90 years ago have my 

heartfelt condolences. I do not minimize or deny the horror of what 

took place. Neither do I accept the contention that those who were 

lost were collateral damage. The fact that more than 1 million 

Christians were killed makes the loss even more personal to me. 

In recent times, U.S. Presidents have annually remembered the 

Armenian Genocide. President Obama noted last April that it was 

‘‘one of the great atrocities of the twentieth century,’’ and I associate myself with those comments. While we should never forget 

this genocide and the lives that were lost and the lives that are 

still marred to this day, I sadly cannot support this resolution. 

The old book also tells us that there is a time for every purpose 

under heaven, and I would submit with great humility that now is 

not the time for this committee or the American Congress to take 

up the measure that is before us. As you are aware, Mr. Chairman, 

more well aware than I am from your experience, as the ranking 

member has said, Turkey is a strategic partner in our ongoing efforts in Iraq and Afghanistan. They share our interest in defeating 

international terrorism and seeing secure and free nations emerge 

after many years of war. 

Currently Turkey has more than 1,700 troops in Afghanistan, 

and their efforts certainly have been noticed by al-Qaeda. Last 

month Osama bin Laden’s chief lieutenant, Ayman al-Zawahiri, 

specifically cited the role of Turkey’s forces operating in Afghanistan as being a problem for al-Qaeda. 

The basing and logistical support that Turkey also provides is 

quite simply vital to our efforts in the Middle East. Incirlik air 

base, for example, has been a staple of American power projection 

for decades. For the continued use of Incirlik base, our lease must 

be renewed with the Turkish Parliament on an annual basis for 

our continued partnership with Turkey and Afghanistan. Our relationship must also be renewed and respected. I believe we should 

not at a time of war take that relationship in any means for granted. 

Mr. Chairman, given the fact that American troops are at this 

very hour in harm’s way in Iraq and Afghanistan where they deVerDate 0ct 09 2002 14:28 May 18, 2010 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00029 Fmt 6633 Sfmt 6633 F:\WORK\FULL\030410M\55273 HFA PsN: SHIRL
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pend on supply routes available through this important relationship that we enjoy with the nation and with the people of Turkey, 

I believe it would be unwise for the United States Congress to 

choose this moment to speak on this undeniable dark chapter of 

human history. 

Before the committee took up the last resolution in 2007 we 

heard from every living former Secretary of State and Defense, 

each of whom stated that this resolution would be unwise during 

a time of war in our nation’s history. I associated myself with that 

position then and I do so today. 

We must proceed in a manner that is compassionate toward 

those Armenian families who were affected by this genocide so 

many years ago, but we must also remember the families of those 

who serve in harm’s way on behalf of our nation and on behalf of 

freedom in the war on terror today, and so I rise today in respectful 

opposition to this resolution, but I do so with deep respect for those 

on this committee and those who would be looking on that would 

have the American people be heard on this point. 

While I cannot support this resolution, let them at least note 

that this American identifies with their loss, acknowledges those 

tragic events of so many years ago and offers my condolences to the 

families who still bear the burden of what was in fact a genocide. 

I urge my colleagues to oppose this resolution and yield back the 

balance of my time. 

Chairman BERMAN. The gentleman has yielded back the balance 

of his time. The gentleman from Virginia, Mr. Connolly, is recognized for 5 minutes if he moves to strike the last word. 

Mr. CONNOLLY. I move to strike the last word, Mr. Chairman. 

Chairman BERMAN. The gentleman is recognized. 

Mr. CONNOLLY. I thank the chair. Mr. Chairman, if this were a 

symbolic vote in which this committee were being asked to provide 

a rendering of history this would be an easy vote. 

There is no question about what happened 95 years in Ottoman, 

Turkey, against the Armenian people, but it is 95 years later. We 

have a modern, constitutional, secular, democratic government in 

Turkey. It is arguably the model, the secular alternative model 

from the Muslim world about which the United States cares deeply. 

It is a strong United States ally that has helped us in NATO, has 

helped us in the Middle East peace process historically, has a base 

on its own soil and, as Mr. Pence indicated just now, has actually 

troops in Afghanistan side-by-side with American troops. 

The United States has a great deal at stake in the Turkish relationship, and I believe that if we pass this resolution today we jeopardize that strategic relationship in little and big ways, and I for 

one do not want to take responsibility for such action. I think, 

questioning no one’s motives, it would constitute an irresponsible 

action by this committee given the importance of this bilateral relationship. 

I also think at some point we have to recognize that we cannot 

be passing resolutions judging modern day governments for the actions of previous generations, however horrible they may be. St. 

Patrick’s Day is coming up. I would love to have a resolution condemning the British Government for the potato famine that killed 

27

over a third of the population of Ireland. That was genocide against 

my people. 

Or we could talk about condemning today’s contemporary Russian Government about the depredations of the Stalinist past in 

the 1920s and 1930s. Why not do that? Or the Spanish Government for the genocide that occurred with indigenous populations 

throughout the Americas and especially in the Caribbean where 

they were fully wiped out. 

We could go on and on under this logic and with this justification 

and all of it would be true. We have to look at the consequences 

of our actions. We have to at some point as Americans who are concerned with American diplomacy and American interests to move 

on. 

I want to see reconciliation between Armenia and Turkey. I want 

to see us close this tragic chapter in the past, but I don’t want to 

do it this way and I am not sure at all—in fact, I am sure that 

the wrong way to do it is for Congress frankly to pontificate on this 

issue and act as if there will be no consequences when we do. 

I hate having this vote because it implies that one is unconcerned about what did happen in the past and about history, and 

nothing could be further from the truth. This vote is not about the 

past. This vote is about the future, the future of our relationship 

with a strong ally. That is how I frame this issue and I hope that 

is how my colleagues do, and that is why I will be voting no in this 

resolution. I yield back. 

Chairman BERMAN. The gentleman has yielded back the balance 

of his time. The chair notes that there will be votes most likely at 

1 o’clock. 

It would be for the chair’s purposes ideal if we could vote before 

we go for those votes, so I would just remind members that, number one, their statements can be put into the record in full and, 

second, to the extent that they can shorten their remarks—it is 

their decision—as the gentleman from Virginia just did, it would 

help make that possible. 

The gentleman from California, ranking member of the International Organizations, Human Rights and Oversight Subcommittee, Mr. Rohrabacher? 

Mr. ROHRABACHER. I move to strike the last word. 

Chairman BERMAN. The gentleman is recognized for 5 minutes. 

Mr. ROHRABACHER. Let me disagree respectfully with my colleague. This is about the past. It is not about the future. It is about 

the past. Let me note that I personally would have preferred that 

this resolution not be brought up. It is about events that took place 

almost 100 years ago. 

It is about a crime committed by a government of a country, the 

Ottoman Empire, that hasn’t existed for nearly 100 years. It is 

about a crime in which the perpetrators and the victims are all 

dead with a few rare exceptions, three of whom are with us today. 

Furthermore, it is an issue that has little or nothing to do with the 

United States. 

With that said, this legislation before us, I have looked into the 

history of this legislation and the historic events that it comments 

upon, and let us note there was an Armenian uprising in an attempt to gain independence from the Ottoman rule. In that uprisVerDate 0ct 09 2002 14:28 May 18, 2010 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00031 Fmt 6633 Sfmt 6633 F:\WORK\FULL\030410M\55273 HFA PsN: SHIRL
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ing there was widespread killing of civilians, both Turks and Armenians. The Ottoman troops suppressed the uprising, and had it 

ended there this resolution would not be before us today. 

The Ottoman Government, after putting down the uprising, decided to put an end to what they saw as the Armenian problem. 

The slaughter that followed, the slaughter of defeated and unarmed people, mostly noncombatants, was a crime not just against 

Armenians, but against humanity. 

So because I am now confronted with voting for a resolution 

about this many decades old issue, but I am confronted with a resolution that is basically truthful, I cannot vote against truth. I 

would add this, though, that this resolution is being supported 

based on the belief that it will at long last close the book on an 

issue that should have been resolved long ago. My vote and the 

vote of my colleagues is not intended to create more conflict, but 

instead to resolve it. 

Specifically, this is a vote to set the record straight and to get 

the issue resolved and behind us. This is not an endorsement of 

reparations and a demand for which will not bring about healing, 

but will open the door to new and unending conflict. This is about 

the truth. It is not about reparations, which will not right a wrong 

of 100 years ago, but instead will create more conflict today. Let 

us resolve this issue, not open up new conflict. 

With that said, I will vote for this resolution because it is truthful, and the truth is also that Turkey is a friend and has been a 

good and reliable ally, a nation of Muslims who represent a democratic and moderate force in the Islamic world, but because they 

are a positive and important force in the world and a friend and 

have proven their friendship does not mean that we should refrain 

from acknowledging the truth when we are confronted with it, especially if it is a truth about a crime long ago. 

But to basically refrain from acknowledging the truth when it is 

there, you have to make that decision because it will upset a friend 

is not a reasonable supposition. If Germany, which was so important to us during the Cold War, would have been upset that we acknowledged the Holocaust and it was suggested that I should vote 

against a resolution acknowledging the Holocaust to spare Germany’s feelings I would have rejected that notion and I would have 

voted to acknowledge the Holocaust. 

Today we reconfirm our commitment to truth, the truth of history, and we offer a sincere hope as well that our friendship with 

Turkey is strong enough to withstand the acknowledgement of a 

darker moment in that country’s history. We have darker moments 

in our history as well, as do every country. You get past those 

darker moments and you shut the book by acknowledging the truth 

of what wrongs were committed in the past. 

America has committed wrongs in the past. That doesn’t mean 

we need to dwell on it, but they need to be acknowledged in order 

to correct it. So with that said I will be voting for this resolution, 

and now that I have gotten both sides of this issue mad at me I 

yield back the balance of my time. 

Chairman BERMAN. The gentleman yields back the balance of his 

time. The gentleman from Tennessee, Mr. Tanner, for what purpose do you seek recognition? 

29

Mr. TANNER. Move to strike the last word, Mr. Chairman. 

Chairman BERMAN. You are recognized for 5 minutes. 

Mr. TANNER. I ask unanimous consent to submit my statement 

for the record, but before so doing——

Chairman BERMAN. Without objection, your statement will be entered into the record. 

Mr. TANNER [continuing]. Let me make one observation. A lot 

has been said, but it is my view that the timing of this resolution 

is not in the best interest of the Turkish Government and Armenian Government or the United States Government right now. 

These governments are in consultation, and the timing of this is 

not in the interest of furthering what I view to be a disposition of 

this matter. Thank you. 

Chairman BERMAN. The gentleman from Texas, Mr. McCaul, for 

what purpose do you seek recognition? 

Mr. MCCAUL. I seek recognition to move to strike the last word. 

Chairman BERMAN. The gentleman is recognized for 5 minutes. 

Mr. MCCAUL. I thank the chairman. It is a very difficult vote. I 

in the past have supported this resolution. I do think that the historical truth is that genocide took place, and the record is replete 

with that evidence. 

Ambassador Morgenthau, who we have mentioned before, talked 

about a campaign of race extermination that was taking place 

under a pretext of reprisal against rebellion. We had the full cable 

from the American Embassy in Constantinople that talked about 

protecting Armenians from violence at the hands of those of other 

religions and to prevent the massacre of noncombatant Armenians 

in Turkish territory. 

John Paul II stated the Armenian Genocide which began the century was a prologue to horrors that would follow. This Congress 

has already passed this resolution 25 years ago. And then of course 

we have Adolf Hitler’s famous line, the words when he said in defense of invading Poland who after all speaks today of the annihilation of the Armenians? 

I see that as truth, as my colleague from California. I don’t question the truth here. I think we all see it for what it is. I wish the 

Government of Turkey would recognize it for what it is as well. 

What I do question here is the timing. 

Secretary Clinton testified before this committee just last week, 

and she said on this very issue that it is our position that the normalization process that Turkey and Armenia have undertaken carries important benefits for both sides and should take place without preconditions and within a reasonable timeframe. 

And then she says but the best way to do that with all respect 

is for the Armenian and Turkish people themselves to address the 

facts of their past as part of their efforts to move forward, and in 

that spirit we are working very hard to assist Armenia and Turkey 

in their efforts and we would like to continue to support that effort, 

and then lastly she says and not be diverted. 

She is referring to this resolution as a diversion from the process. 

The documents I read, some sensitive, said that this resolution as 

we have a protocol, the two governments who I think are in the 

best position to carry this out, the documents I have read said that 

this resolution will derail the process. Derail the process. A historVerDate 0ct 09 2002 14:28 May 18, 2010 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00033 Fmt 6633 Sfmt 6633 F:\WORK\FULL\030410M\55273 HFA PsN: SHIRL
30

ical commission has been formed to get to the truth of this, but derail the process. 

This resolution, I don’t question the truth again, Mr. Chairman. 

I question the timing of the resolution because I see it harming Armenians and the Government of Armenia more than helping. I see 

the border with Turkey not being open and commerce not taking 

place. Lastly, I see it harming something near and dear to my district, and that is the troops. 

As the ranking member mentioned, I was given a classified briefing. I read documents on this very issue. It is my opinion that this 

resolution will put our troops in harm’s way, could potentially endanger our troops in Iraq and Afghanistan. What do I say to the 

mothers and fathers in my district whose sons and daughters are 

fighting in Iraq and Afghanistan? What do I say to them? Yes, I 

voted for this resolution which puts your son or your daughter in 

harm’s way. How do I explain that? No. This is not the right timing 

for this resolution. 

I would ask or urge the chairman, particularly in light of the administration coming out just recently asking, begging the Congress 

to hold off until this normalization process and reconciliation process can go forward and let the two respective governments handle 

this issue rather than the United States meddling in this overseas. 

We know from the last time what the reaction is going to be, and 

I don’t want it on my head if, God forbid, action was taken to endanger our troops serving in Afghanistan and Iraq. I would not 

want that on my head. 

Chairman BERMAN. Would the gentleman yield? 

Mr. MCCAUL. I would be happy to yield. 

Chairman BERMAN. I appreciate that, and I have great respect 

for the gentleman’s efforts to look into this and for his consideration and the seriousness of the issue he raised, but I do have to 

say that I have been in this Congress for 27 years—some people 

think all or some of that has been too long—but 27 years, and I 

have never seen a time when it was the right time to take up this 

resolution in 27 years. 

[Applause.] 

Chairman BERMAN. I yield back. 

Mr. MCCAUL. And I appreciate the chairman’s remarks. I think, 

however, the difference between now and the last time this matter 

was voted upon is the fact that there is this protocol established. 

There is a reconciliation process established. 

It is my view that it would be better if Turkey and Armenia can 

work this problem out, and my hope would be that Turkey would 

acknowledge the wrongdoing and let us all move on. Let us move 

forward with this process because ultimately it is up to those two 

governments to work out this issue. 

Again, I want to be clear on the record that I believe that this 

was genocide, but I question the timing of the resolution. 

Chairman BERMAN. The time of the gentleman has expired. The 

gentleman from Massachusetts, the chairman of the Europe Subcommittee, Mr. Delahunt. 

Mr. DELAHUNT. Thank you. 

Chairman BERMAN. For what purpose do you seek recognition? 

Mr. DELAHUNT. I move to strike. 

31

Chairman BERMAN. The gentleman is recognized for 5 minutes. 

Mr. DELAHUNT. You know, I would echo the final sentiments expressed by my friend from Texas. You know, this is a historical 

agreement between Turkey and Armenia, and I believe it represents something that is a watershed moment in the relationship 

between those two nations. It has the potential to stabilize an entire region, a region where we have substantial national security 

interests. 

The protocols include a timetable, and they call for the development and normalization of relations between these two countries 

and they are currently, as I am sure has been stated, under consideration by the legislative bodies of both Turkey and Armenia. 

If they are ratified, they would open the last closed European 

border and establish a road map for normalized relations at long 

last. They would obviously have significant benefits for Armenia, 

increasing its political and economic and cultural links with Europe 

and in opening up the possibility of Armenia to join the European 

Union. 

Let us remember that this agreement was negotiated and signed 

by the Armenian Government. In fact, after the agreement was announced the President of Armenia, President Sarkisian, went on a 

diaspora tour, including stops in Paris, New York and Los Angeles, 

to persuade diaspora Armenians that the protocols, and now I am 

quoting him, ‘‘do not harm Armenia’s state and national interests, 

but on the contrary,’’ and this is the critical language, ‘‘open new 

opportunities for resolving the centuries old feud between these 

countries.’’

Reconciliation between the Governments of Armenia and Turkey 

would certainly benefit our own national interest. Passage of today’s resolution undoubtedly is going to provoke a highly negative 

reaction within Turkey across the entire political spectrum and 

could sidetrack the normalization process between Armenia and 

Turkey. That does nothing for Armenia, does nothing for Turkey 

and it does nothing for the United States. 

Yesterday I had an opportunity to meet with the chair of the 

Turkish Foreign Affairs Committee, Mr. Murat Mercan. This is 

what he stated to me. If the House Foreign Affairs Committee 

passes H. Res. 252, it will imperil the normalization process and 

could become a permanent impediment toward passing the protocols in Turkey that everyone on this committee I daresay supports 

and embraces. 

Most importantly, and this is what my friend, Mr. McCaul, alluded to. The issue which is the subject of this resolution is one 

that Armenia and Turkey have agreed to deal with. This is the pertinent language. There is a determination to implement a dialogue 

in the historical dimension with the aim to restore mutual covenants between the two nations, including an impartial scientific 

examination of the historical records and archives to define existing 

problems and formulate recommendations. 

Let us not put that process at risk by passing this resolution. I 

am very concerned that passage of this resolution, as I said, will 

undoubtedly hinder and might very well terminate the possibility 

of success so that the Armenian people and the Turkish people can 

address this issue and move forward. 

32

We, as the Foreign Affairs Committee, may well be seen as 

knowingly sidetracking a peaceful and prosperous future for both 

peoples, and I urge and I intend to vote no. I yield back. 

Chairman BERMAN. The time of the gentleman has expired. 

The chair is prepared to propose that by unanimous consent we 

take the vote on this resolution at 2:15. We will seek to get as 

many people as recognized as possible between now and then. Is 

there any objection to that proposal? 

Mr. BURTON. Reserving the right to object. 

Chairman BERMAN. Part of my consideration was, I was told, you 

would be back by 2:15. 

Mr. BURTON. Reserving the right to object. 

Chairman BERMAN. I take it that is an objection. 

Mr. BURTON. We are reserving. Did you hear an objection? 

Chairman BERMAN. I heard a complaint that constituted an objection. 

Mr. BURTON. What does that mean, Mr. Chairman? 

Chairman BERMAN. It meant that the gentlelady has asked——

Mr. DELAHUNT. Mr. Chairman, reserving the right to——

Mr. BURTON. Just a minute there, Mr. Massachusetts. Reserving 

the right to object. 

Chairman BERMAN. On your reservation. 

Mr. BURTON. The problem is there are a number of other committee meetings and things going on, and we really need to make 

sure that everybody is here to vote because this is so controversial. 

Chairman BERMAN. That is why I am proposing to announce at 

12:27 that at 2:15, or if the gentlelady thinks 2:30——

Ms. WOOLSEY. Sorry, Mr. Chairman. I have no idea. It depends 

on when we vote on the floor. Then we go after that. 

Chairman BERMAN. All right. I will withdraw my unanimous consent request without prejudice to making another one. 

Ms. WOOLSEY. Mr. Chairman? 

Chairman BERMAN. For what purpose? 

Ms. WOOLSEY. Would it be possible for us to vote when we are 

finished with this and vote when we should on committee? 

Chairman BERMAN. What if we are finished when you are at the 

White House? 

Ms. WOOLSEY. Well, I mean right now. I mean, we could all finish and bring everybody in here and vote. 

Mr. BURTON. Mr. Chairman? 

Chairman BERMAN. From your lips to——

Mr. BURTON. Mr. Chairman? 

Chairman BERMAN. One thing I know is we will not finish now 

if we keep talking about my silly request. 

Mr. BURTON. Mr. Chairman? 

Chairman BERMAN. The gentleman from Indiana? 

Mr. BURTON. What I might suggest is that since there are a 

number of us that have various committee assignments and things 

that may take us away from here, maybe we could have a timeframe within which we would have the votes so we know that we 

could come back during that timeframe to vote. In other words, you 

say 2:15. From 2:15 to 2:45 or something like that. 

33

Chairman BERMAN. In other words, essentially call the roll at 

2:15 and keep the roll open until 2:45. Is there any objection to 

that suggestion? 

[No response.] 

Chairman BERMAN. Without objection, that will be the order, Mr. 

Henry Clay. You didn’t hear me, or I am doing something I am not 

allowed to do? You are saying I am doing something I am not allowed to do. I am willing to take any embarrassment. Why don’t 

you tell us what you are thinking here? 

Ms. RUSH. I would defer to the chief counsel, but I believe unless 

we spoke slowly for 1⁄2 hour to take the vote. I guess that would 

be okay, but we can’t——

Chairman BERMAN. If I get unanimous consent to schedule a vote 

where the roll will be called in a regular order at 2:15, but that 

roll will not close until 2:45, there is something in the House rules 

that keeps me from doing that? 

Ms. RUSH. Well, normally we would just——

Chairman BERMAN. Let us leave that as the decision now. I have 

received unanimous consent to call the roll at 2:15 and keep that 

roll open until 2:45, and if I am advised that that is not the proper 

way to do it we will come back with another suggestion. 

Ms. RUSH. Okay. 

Chairman BERMAN. Okay. All right. The gentleman from South 

Carolina, Mr. Inglis, is recognized. 

Mr. INGLIS. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. 

Chairman BERMAN. Move to strike the last word. The gentleman 

is recognized for 5 minutes. 

Mr. INGLIS. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. I just would associate myself with the comments by Mr. Delahunt and Mr. McCaul. It is a 

very difficult question. 

If the atrocities were ongoing then it seems to me the United 

States would have an obligation to act, but these are historical 

facts and the current parties, which are different governments, are 

trying to work out that history and to come to some reconciliation. 

And so for us to enter that seems ill-advised because while I 

would agree with what has been said here, that we see the facts 

of the genocide, we see the horrors, and the United States has already spoken on this, to enter now and to potentially disrupt the 

process, the reconciliation process, I think is ill-advised. 

Also I think the thing that affects me is I have some information 

that it may in fact harm Armenians and so to have our entrance 

into this actually harm people who are trying to seek reconciliation 

now seems like not a terribly good way to proceed. 

All countries have to deal with their past, and we all have things 

that we must work through about our past. Several things about 

our past have been mentioned here—our treatment of Native 

Americans, our treatment of slaves in America. We are still dealing 

with the scourges of those sins, but to have other countries entering and trying to urge us along to award some resolution when in 

fact the resolution is going to come in the hearts of Americans and 

working through those things will take time. 

I think this is probably the same case with the Armenians and 

the Turks. So with that, Mr. Chairman, I yield back. 

34

Chairman BERMAN. The time of the gentleman has been yielded 

back. The gentlelady from California, Ms. Woolsey, moves to strike 

the last word. The gentlelady is recognized for 5 minutes. 

Ms. WOOLSEY. Mr. Speaker, I move to strike the last word. Mr. 

Chairman, I am sorry. Mr. Chairman, thank you for the time. I am 

proud to be a co-sponsor of this legislation and I urge my colleagues to support it now. There will never be a perfect time, that 

is clear. I have been here 18 years and I have been waiting to be 

able to vote on this and on the floor particularly. All too often the 

world has stood by while genocide rages. We saw it happen 

throughout Europe during World War II, and we saw it in Rwanda 

and Bosnia during the 1990s. 

We cannot undo the atrocities of the past, but we can acknowledge the actions and we can give the victims and their families 

their rightful place in history. While they were in Congress, President Obama as a Senator, Vice President Biden as a Senator, and 

Secretary of State Clinton as a Senator, urged Congress to adopt 

the Armenian Genocide Resolution. Both President Bill Clinton and 

President George W. Bush recognized the horrific acts that lead to 

the deportation of nearly 2 million Armenians, of whom 1.5 million 

men, women, and children were killed. Five hundred thousand survivors were expelled from their homes, and it succeeded in the 

elimination of the over 2,500-year presence of Armenians in their 

historic homeland. 

These events cannot be categorized as anything other than genocide. To deny that would be to deny the lives of those who perished. 

Ours will not be a lone voice. Today we will join with 42 States of 

the United States, 11 NATO allies, and the European Parliament 

if we vote for this resolution. And those who say it is not the right 

time, I will repeat it again, that this will upset international alliances, I have this to ask you. If not now, when? 

When will the victims and their families get their day of recognition, when will it be convenient? When will it not be an excuse to 

not go forward with friendship between Turkey and Armenia because they want to have genocide proclaimed so they can go forward? I urge my colleagues to take a stand against genocide, to 

stand up for human rights, to stand up for justice, vote in favor of 

this resolution, and encourage our leadership to bring it up for a 

vote on the floor. I yield back. 

Ms. ROS-LEHTINEN. If the gentlelady would yield? 

Ms. WOOLSEY. Yes. 

Ms. ROS-LEHTINEN. Thank you. Just because you started it we 

have to continue, or let us not do that. I would like to make sure 

that our colleagues understand that was then, this is now. Senator 

Clinton might have given that response as a Senator from New 

York, but when Secretary Clinton appeared before us last week in 

a response to Congressman Boozman’s questions, and I quote, 

‘‘Well, Congressman, on Turkey Armenia relations, it is our position that the normalization process that Turkey and Armenia have 

undertaken carries important benefits for both sides and it should 

take place without preconditions and within a reasonable time 

frame.’’

Ms. WOOLSEY. Well, if the gentlelady would yield back? 

Ms. ROS-LEHTINEN. Yes, it is your time. 

35

Ms. WOOLSEY. I would just like to say, I referred to the fact that 

this was when Secretary Clinton was a Senator. That was then and 

this is now. She was also representing the people of her state, and 

as I represent the people of my district, and now she has, you 

know, risen to higher status, strata. 

Ms. ROS-LEHTINEN. And is now opposed to this resolution. 

Ms. WOOLSEY. But I am only saying she supported it when she 

was a Senator, supporting those in her state. And I do yield back. 

Chairman BERMAN. The gentlelady has yielded back the balance 

of her time. And the gentleman from Texas, Judge Poe, moves to 

strike the last word? 

Mr. POE. I move to strike the——

Chairman BERMAN. Recognized for 5 minutes. 

Mr. POE. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. This is an interesting debate we are having today. Some say it is a hard decision. Hard decisions are what we are supposed to do. My background I made 

hard decisions for 22 years. I look at this several ways. Armenians 

say one thing, and they are very passionate about it, and good for 

them. But the Turks say something different. You know, to the 

Turks the Armenians don’t come to the table with necessarily clean 

hands. So there is the dispute between the two groups of people 

about something in our past or in the past. 

Resolutions haven’t changed anything. Nations have, 20 nations 

have adopted resolutions, and we are still talking about resolutions. Why would another resolution make a difference on this 

issue? I don’t know that it would. So maybe we have to think of 

it and approach it from a different point of view. There are talks 

going on with Armenians and Turks, NGOs are talking, protocols 

are being developed on talking this through and solving the problem. I believe that an ultimate decision must be solved by these 

two peoples, and it will be. 

So what is the United States’ position, should we take sides so 

to speak? Well maybe we should take the third side, which is the 

American side. What is in the best interest of the United States? 

Is it in the best interest of Americans to sign this resolution or 

adopt this resolution? I think not. And the reason being because of 

the situation we have with our own military, with our troops that 

are in harm’s way, as my friend from Texas, Mr. McCaul, has 

pointed out, and also that there are talks that are going on. 

I personally think that if we adopt the resolution, these negotiations, these talks between the Turks and the Armenians, that will 

not be encouraged by our resolution, in fact it may harm those 

talks, because I firmly believe this must be and will be resolved by 

these two groups of people who both are very strongly positioned 

to resolve this conflict once and for all. So I think it is in our best 

interest as a nation to not adopt this resolution, and I will vote no 

on the resolution. And I will yield back the remainder of my time. 

Chairman BERMAN. The gentleman has yielded back the remainder of his time. And does the gentleman from Georgia seek recognition? 

Mr. SCOTT. No. 

Chairman BERMAN. Does the gentleman from California seek recognition? 

Mr. COSTA. Yes. 

36

Chairman BERMAN. The gentleman from California moves to 

strike the last word, Mr. Costa, and he is recognized for 5 minutes. 

Mr. COSTA. Thank you very much, Mr. Chairman, for allowing us 

the opportunity to debate this important resolution. As we approach the 95th anniversary of the start of the Armenian Genocide 

I would call on my colleagues, notwithstanding all the issues that 

are before us, that we pass this resolution. I think by any reasonable standard, established history shows that between 1915 and 

1923 the Ottoman Empire—the Ottoman Empire, not the presentday Turkish Government—but the Ottoman Empire systematically 

killed an estimated 1.5 million Armenians and drove hundreds of 

thousands of others into exile from their ancestral homeland. 

This atrocity is well documented in the United States Archives, 

it has been universally accepted in the International Association of 

Genocide Scholars and broader academic communities. Now, as 

members of the Foreign Affairs Committee, we all approach this 

issue from different perspectives. One can debate specific historical 

instances, but I can tell you from my own personal experiences, 

having grown up in Fresno, California, the land of William Saroyan, that I heard stories as a young man from my grandparents 

and from grandparents of my neighbors and friends of Armenian 

families about being forced to leave their homes, the stories of long 

marches and horrific murders, systematically. 

Clearly they believed this was a systematic approach to eliminate 

the Armenian communities in places that had been their home and 

farms for centuries. My Armenian friends in the neighborhoods 

that I grew up in believed this was a systematic approach among 

the first genocides of the twentieth century, and so do I. The Armenian Genocide created a framework of genocide as we consider 

similar atrocities that continue to occur not only in the twentieth 

century but in the twenty-first century. 

It has been noted before, the Holocaust, Cambodia, Rwanda, Bosnia, and now Darfur. As leaders we must not allow Turkey, with 

all due respect, to ask us to believe that the Armenian Genocide 

was not a genocide or that it did not occur. In standing up to this 

policy of denial, we honor the martyrs of the genocide and encourage our Turkish allies, our friends of modern day Turkey, to come 

to terms with this past. Three years ago I, as a part of this committee, visited Turkey. I met with the Foreign Minister. He is now 

the President of Turkey. I raised this issue. 

I talked about the fact that countries, including ours, have part 

of our pasts, as was noted here earlier, that we are not proud of. 

Certainly slavery was a part of our past that we were not proud 

of. But we have acknowledged that and we have moved on. I suggested to then the Foreign Minister who is now President that Turkey work its way through this, because no one holds modern day 

Turkey responsible for what took place 95 years ago. 

So in a very powerful significant way, we reinforce our own vital 

role as Americans in leading the international community toward 

unconditional opposition to all instances of genocide. Supporters of 

this resolution are constantly told, and it has been said here today, 

that this is not the right time. Well, let me add my voice to those 

who have also indicated that if this is not the right time, please 

tell me when the right time will be. Genocide must never be someVerDate 0ct 09 2002 14:28 May 18, 2010 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00040 Fmt 6633 Sfmt 6633 F:\WORK\FULL\030410M\55273 HFA PsN: SHIRL
37

thing that is glossed over or forgotten. As world leaders, the United 

States must recognize this genocide and continue to strongly condemn any genocide around the world as we stand up for human 

rights and American values. 

We simply cannot continue our policy of denial regarding the Armenian Genocide, the first in the twentieth century that was recognized. So I encourage all of my members, all the members of this 

committee to support House Resolution 252 to recognize the Armenian Genocide as a matter of fact by this Congress. So I proudly 

today, in honor of those who I grew up with, the Kazarians, the 

Kollegians, the Bakers, the Abrahamians, the Karabians, and the 

Kashians, that listening to those stories as a young man I never 

ever forgot, and this vote today that I will cast is in honor of their 

families who did suffer as a result of the Armenian Genocide. I 

lend back the balance of my time. 

Chairman BERMAN. The gentleman from Arizona, Mr. Flake, for 

what purpose do you seek recognition? 

Mr. FLAKE. To strike the last word. 

Chairman BERMAN. Recognized for 5 minutes. 

Mr. FLAKE. I thank the chairman. I won’t take the full 5 minutes. I just want to say that I don’t intend to minimize the horrific 

events that happened so many years ago. I am not a historian but 

to me it sure looked like a genocide. But I don’t have so much a 

problem with the timing as I do the venue. We are not the arbiters 

of history here, and I don’t think that we ought to assume or pretend that the rest of the world and all the historians hang on our 

every word. 

And I think that going down this road here assumes that, and 

it will open up other issues that we may not want to address, and 

it certainly opens up a lot of our own history that we would rather, 

as has been said, move on from having acknowledged it. But I don’t 

think that we would want other countries digging back into our 

own history as well. So as I said, I have more of a problem with 

the venue than the timing. I simply don’t think that it is our proper role to take this up at this time. So I will be voting no. And I 

yield back. 

Chairman BERMAN. The gentleman has yielded back his time. 

Let me just tell people where we are now. We have a unanimous 

consent adopted that calls the roll at 2:15. We will need people 

here for that roll call. That roll will stay open until 2:45, and that 

is the situation. I know there are White House schedules that 

change all the time in terms of everybody and I understand that, 

but this is the window we have. We will have the last votes sometime between 2:30 and 3 o’clock, 3:15. So this roll call is called at 

2:15. The gentleman from Minnesota, Mr. Ellison? 

Mr. ELLISON. Mr. Chairman, I move to strike the last word. 

Chairman BERMAN. The gentleman is recognized for 5 minutes. 

Mr. ELLISON. Mr. Chairman, it is not an overstatement to say 

that one of the reasons I went to Congress was to fight for human 

rights. It is one of the reasons I am here at all. And therefore I 

must speak out for justice and oppose atrocities wherever they 

might be committed. And in recognizing the Armenian Genocide we 

remember and honor not only those who died in that tragic event, 

38

but we also renew our commitment to address calamities that are 

happening around our world today. 

To the Armenian people I extend my condolences for their families of those who were killed and displaced. As Members of Congress we cannot change their past, but we can give comfort to those 

who survived and acknowledge the memories of those who perished. We can stand vigilant for human rights in this hour and in 

this time. To the Turkish people, I respect and admire your great 

contributions to diplomacy, peace, and cooperation. My vote for this 

resolution is not a vote against the Turkish Government. This resolution is not aimed at the Turkish Government. 

This resolution addresses a prior government. However, I still 

know that the vote today may hurt and cause hurt for many, and 

I am sorry for that. To my colleagues in Congress, we must reflect 

on our own past and acknowledge that the United States has committed grave injustices to Native Americans, African Americans, 

and others, and consider it may be well considered a genocide, and 

yet there has never been a resolution in the United States Congress calling actions against Native Americans or African Americans genocide. 

If we are willing to acknowledge a tragedy that happened nearly 

100 years ago half way across the world, then we should at least 

look into our own history and heal the wounds caused by our past. 

And that is why I have asked my staff to begin such a resolution, 

which I hope people will support. Finally, we must ensure that this 

resolution does not impair the efforts to normalize relations between Armenia and Turkey. 

There might be some who would use this resolution to undermine 

the progress that has been made, but we must remain committed 

to the people of Turkey and Armenia and support them in their 

protocols toward greater cooperation. Let us remind ourselves that 

remembering the past offenses must not deflect our attention from 

the current needs of the Armenian and Turkish peoples. The best 

way to honor the dead is to show support for the living, and we 

should pledge our support and our continued assistance to Armenia 

and Turkey and the people who live there. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. I yield back the balance of my time. 

Chairman BERMAN. The gentleman has yielded back the balance 

of his time. The gentleman from Florida, Mr. Bilirakis. 

Mr. BILIRAKIS. Thank you, Mr. Chairman, I move to strike the 

last word. 

Chairman BERMAN. Moves to strike the last word. Recognized for 

5 minutes. 

Mr. BILIRAKIS. I appreciate the opportunity to make a statement 

on this meaningful resolution. H. Res. 252 recognizing a genocide, 

the massacre of 1.5 million innocent Armenian men, women, and 

children at the hands of the Ottoman Empire from 1915 to 1923. 

History can’t be denied. The proof is irrefutable on the Armenian 

Genocide. Genocides wherever and whenever they occur cannot be 

ignored whether they took place in the twentieth century by the 

Ottomans or mid-twentieth century by the Third Reich or currently 

in Darfur. Genocide must be acknowledged for what it is, a scourge 

on the human race. 

39

In keeping with the humanitarian spirit of America and this legislative body, we must, we should be the global leaders in recognizing and condemning all genocides past and present. Why is this 

important now? Because denying genocide sets a dangerous precedent that makes future genocides more likely. As such, I support 

the Armenian Genocide Resolution. 

The Armenian Genocide must not be put on the backburner of 

history for fear of acknowledging the truth or offending our ally 

Turkey. This resolution simply once and for all seeks to characterize the deliberate extermination of 1.5 million Armenians as 

genocide. For the sake of commemorating every instance of genocide so as to prevent its recurrence, let us adopt this resolution 

today and urge its final passage on the floor. Thank you, Mr. 

Chairman. I yield back the balance of my time. 

Chairman BERMAN. Gentleman yields back. The gentleman from 

Missouri, the chair of the International Organizations, Human 

Rights and Oversight Subcommittee, Mr. Carnahan, seeks recognition? 

Mr. CARNAHAN. I move to strike the last word. 

Chairman BERMAN. The gentleman is recognized for 5 minutes. 

Mr. CARNAHAN. Mr. Chairman, and all those here today, there is 

a great respect for this debate and the strong feelings on all sides. 

But today this committee has convened to consider H. Res. 252, a 

nonbinding resolution calling on the President to ensure that the 

foreign policy of the United States reflects understanding and sensitivity concerning issues related to human rights, ethnic cleansing, 

and genocide related to the Armenian Genocide. 

As we prepare to make this important decision, it is equally important to recall that United States foreign policy has very long reflected these sensitivities. The historic facts are undeniable, and we 

share and will continue to share with the Armenian people, and all 

people, the solemn remembrance of the terrible atrocities of 1915. 

In 1999, President Clinton urged Americans to learn from the past 

while looking to the future and ‘‘recommit themselves to building 

a world where such events never occur again.’’

In 2008, President Obama also acknowledged the importance of 

addressing the past while working for the future. President Obama 

affirmed, ‘‘It is really about how the Turkish and Armenian people 

deal with the past, and the best way forward for the Turkish and 

Armenian people is a process, a process that works through the 

past in a way that is honest, open and constructive.’’ Accordingly, 

it is important that the United States support the efforts that have 

been already initiated to open a process of discussion based on mutual respect and sensitivity, aimed at reaching a bilateral consensus on the historical atrocities committed in the final years of 

the Ottoman Empire. 

This process will have to be serious, sober, and deeply reflective 

for both the Armenian and Turkish people working together for a 

strong future. Last year we saw brave historic steps taken by both 

sides to improve bilateral relations and usher in a new era of 

peaceful coexistence and mutual prosperity. The United States has 

supported these normalization efforts and I believe we must continue to do so, especially within the context of the struggles we still 

face combating terrorism, securing peace in the Middle East, as 

40

well as our critical cooperation on Iran with our allies on the U.N. 

Security Council. 

We must allow, encourage and commend the progress made between Armenia and Turkey to continue as their governments work 

to ratify the protocols of their historic accord. These include a process of historic review that will allow Armenia and Turkey to deal 

with their past together. We must also remember the whole of our 

foreign policy objectives, including our responsibility to our citizens, 

our troops, for our national security, to stabilize Iraq and Afghanistan, and to prevent Iran from developing nuclear weapons, as well 

as to promote ongoing reconciliation between Armenia and Turkey. 

Turkey is a longtime friend and ally on a number of key issues. In 

this context, I believe it is an inappropriate time for this resolution. 

I must vote no on the resolution at this time. 

Chairman BERMAN. The gentleman has yielded back his time. 

And the gentleman from Texas, Mr. Paul, is recognized for 5 minutes. 

Mr. PAUL. I thank you, Mr. Chairman. I find this vote difficult 

because voting yes or no would not represent my position. It has 

been mentioned by other speakers already that this does not serve 

American interests to even bring this subject up, and that would 

be what I would consider the best position is by not having issues 

like this come up. But those who spoke against it spoke eloquently 

about why neutrality on this issue serves American interests the 

best. 

I only wish that that same principle would be applied to our foreign policy. It is almost a compulsion on our part to always be involved in the internal affairs and the conflicts of other nations 

when it is not necessary for us to do this, and this is more or less 

a reflection of this. So I don’t see there is going to be any advantage to us to pass this, as a matter of fact I see a lot of disadvantages. It won’t resolve anything. 

There were a lot of tragedies in the twentieth century. There 

were 262 million people killed by their own governments in the 

twentieth century. There were 34 million people killed in armed 

conflict. That is so much tragedy, and to iron that out and solve 

these problems and decide who is to get the most blame from governments that don’t exist any longer, I see no purpose in that, it 

doesn’t serve our benefit. 

But it is also disappointing to me about how these issues come 

up and the conflicts come. One of my goals, long term goals, has 

always been to strive for eliminating hyphenated Americans. I 

don’t like the idea that we have so many groups that are hyphenated, so they have lobbyist groups to serve the interests of this 

group of Americans against another group of Americans. And then 

you have foreign lobbyists come in and foreign governments that 

represents one government over the other. 

Truly if we had a republic we wouldn’t be dealing with this kind 

of a problem being brought up constantly over many, many years. 

Decades we have been dealing with this. The purpose that I see for 

this is that the consequence will be nothing more than just stirring 

the pot. We are going to stir the pot and nothing is going to be settled and it will come up again. And yet, the evidence is rather 

41

clear, so many have spoken already that the two countries that are 

involved have been working and trying to work this out. 

And that is the way it should be, and my argument for less intervention around the world really fits into this argument. But those 

who are arguing for the nonintervention and staying out of this 

and see so clearly how this does not serve our special interest, I 

would just suggest to them to look at our foreign policy as well. Because getting involved in the military conflicts of the world have 

an immediate consequence much worse than us getting involved in 

this. 

Circumstances like this, I think we as Congressmen have a perfect right to have personal opinions and historic opinions. But to 

try to solve the emotional conflicts that have gone on by legislation 

in taking one side over another and having one hyphenated American group against another hyphenated American group, one country against another country, this does not serve our interest, it 

doesn’t serve the cause of peace, and it would be much better if we 

look forward rather than backwards. 

I think a resolution like this looks backwards, so I will be voting 

no, not because I am taking a position but precisely because my position is hopefully some day in the future we will have a lot less 

of this discussion and these resolutions coming up not only dealing 

with the past but also the current events that we have today as 

well as our future around the world. I think the position that we 

look after our own interests and follow a policy where we don’t get 

involved in the internal affairs of other nations or the conflicts of 

other nations would serve our interests well. 

And that is not dropping out, that is not ignoring the world, because there is no reason why we can’t pursue a foreign policy 

where we talk with people, have diplomacy with people, trade with 

people, and friendship with people, without picking sides. The 

squabbles should be dealt with by governments themselves or the 

people themselves within a country. At the same time if there are 

border disputes or disputes between countries, it should involve 

them rather than us believing that we can come in and settle the 

dispute and make the world better. I think if we take a position 

of more of neutrality and independence away from making these 

decisions, the better off the world would be. I yield back. 

Chairman BERMAN. Time of the gentleman has expired. The 

gentlelady from California seeks recognition? 

Ms. LEE. Thank you, Mr. Chairman, and let me thank you and 

Ranking Member Ros-Lehtinen for bringing this bill, H. Res. 252 

for consideration before the committee. I am one of those who will 

be at the White House, and I just want to register my support for 

the bill. I am going to try to get back before the vote, Mr. Chairman, but I join my colleagues today in recognition of one of the 

greatest tragedies of the twentieth century, the Armenian Genocide. 

The Armenian Genocide, of course, began in 1915 when Armenian leaders were rounded up, deported, and killed. One-and-a-half 

million Armenians were murdered, and countless others displaced 

and deported. The world must not forget the Armenian Genocide 

nor the lives that this event claimed. We should never ever forget 

this, and this resolution I think is extremely important in this day 

42

and time. Many political leaders, scholars, and professional organizations have worked tirelessly to acknowledge this devastating 

event to the Armenian people. 

And there are still a number of survivors of the genocide here in 

our own country, many of their children and grandchildren who reside throughout our country. We must never forget the heinous 

acts that victimized their families. If we let such atrocities be forgotten then we are in danger of letting them be repeated, and I 

have to thank my colleague Congressman Adam Schiff who has for 

so long tried to get this Congress to do the right thing, so thank 

you, Congressman Schiff, for your leadership and for staying strong 

in spite of the oppositions that you are faced with. 

Even now, in the twenty-first century, we have watched for years 

as genocide has ravaged Darfur. The Holocaust, slavery. I am an 

African-American, descendant of slaves. These horrific events of 

our time must always be remembered. Since the Darfur genocide, 

for example, it began in 2003, hundreds of villages have been destroyed, an estimated 2.7 million people have been displaced and 

more than 400,000 people have died. 

So this resolution again reminds us that we must do everything 

within our power to ensure atrocities like these never happen again 

or risk condemning our children to a world caught in a cycle of 

hate and bloodshed. And so with that in mind I urge my colleagues 

on this committee to support this resolution. We have no option but 

to do that. Thank you again, thank you, Mr. Chairman, and thank 

you, Congressman Schiff, for your leadership. 

Chairman BERMAN. The time of the gentlelady has expired. The 

gentleman from Nebraska, Mr. Fortenberry, moves to strike the 

last word and is recognized for 5 minutes. 

Mr. FORTENBERRY. I move to strike the last word. Thank you, 

Mr. Chairman. I will be fairly brief. Mr. Chairman, the tragedy of 

the Armenian Genocide clearly is a very powerful and painful 

memory in the collective conscience of the region of Turkey as well 

as Armenia, and it is understandable. America can recognize this 

and work for reconciliation as may be appropriate, given our leadership in the world. But, Mr. Chairman, I am very concerned that 

this resolution before this committee may not actually be a force 

for reconciliation. It may complicate reconciliation in the area 

where it matters most, and where it matters most is not this committee. I yield back. 

Chairman BERMAN. Time of the gentleman has expired. The gentleman from California, the chair of the Terrorism, Nonproliferation and Trade Subcommittee, Mr. Sherman, seeks to strike the 

last word and is recognized for 5 minutes. 

Mr. SHERMAN. Yes, thank you. I want to acknowledge our two 

colleagues and their leadership, Adam Schiff and Frank Pallone, 

who have been here throughout. I want to acknowledge the Ambassador of Armenia who is in the audience, Mr. Tatoul Markarian, 

and I want to thank him for the detachment of Armenian soldiers 

who fought for 4 years alongside Americans in Iraq and for the detachment that was sent 2 months ago to fight alongside Americans 

in Afghanistan. 

And I want to apologize for the fact that this Ambassador had 

to sit here while an opponent of this resolution falsely stated that 

43

Armenians have not fought alongside Americans in these recent 

conflicts. I want to also acknowledge the survivors who are here. 

If someone has to ask, ‘‘Why do it now; why not put it off?’’ How 

long are you asking these survivors to wait, and shouldn’t we do 

it while they are here to see it? 

We have seen many people come here and say, ‘‘Shouldn’t we 

have both sides reconcile?’’ We all long for that. We have seen in 

many parts of the world truth and reconciliation commissions, a 

truth and reconciliation process, and it has worked. I have not seen 

falsehood and cover up commissions lead to reconciliation. Now, 

one side in the protocols, the Armenian side, supports this resolution, the same President of Armenia who signed the protocol, supports this resolution and believes that it will help lead to the reconciliation that those protocols envision. 

The other side has basically thrown away the protocols. When 

the Prime Minister of Turkey says that another issue not germane 

to the protocols, that of Nagorno-Karabakh, will hold them up forever, that he will not ratify those protocols until the people of Armenia abandon the people of Nagorno Karabakh, what he is basically doing is saying, thanks for signing the protocols, now I am 

throwing them away. 

So those protocols are dead unless we do something to shake 

things up, and nothing would to more than to show the people of 

Turkey that we cannot be cowered into denying the first genocide 

of the twentieth century. Because genocide denial is not just the 

last step of the genocide, it is the first step in the next genocide. 

And that is why Hitler when faced with some wavering compatriots 

was able to say, we can get away with the Holocaust, after all who 

today speaks of the annihilation of the Armenians? 

We are told that somehow this will hurt our relationship with 

Turkey. Long term we will not have a good relationship with Turkey until Turkey abandons this effort to deny the past and engage 

in genocide denial. Would we have a good relationship with a German Government that was denying the Holocaust? And who would 

have a good relationship with us if we were denying slavery and 

so many other things of our past? And as the gentleman from 

American Samoa pointed out, the Comfort Woman Resolution 

passed this committee even over the objection of our good friends 

in Japan. 

Now, it is unseemly for this, the greatest Parliament in the 

world, to be cowed into not recognizing what the opponents of the 

resolution, so many of them, describe as the truth because we are 

afraid of Turkish retaliation. But it is particularly unseemly in 

light of the fact that Turkey has proven that these threats are 

false, that we are cowering in the face of a paper tiger. Let us go 

through the record. 

Turkey threatened harsh retribution to countries that recognized 

the genocide, and then took only token diplomatic steps or no steps 

at all against Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Belgium, Argentina, 

and 10 other countries. Forty American states have recognized the 

Armenian Genocide and our trade relations between those states 

and Turkey have only grown. The greatest attempt outside the 

United States was an attempt to try to prevent France from recognizing the genocide. 

44

In 2001, France passed a law recognizing the Armenian Genocide. In the subsequent 6 years, exports from France to Turkey 

went up four fold, even after France had been threatened with a 

boycott. And in fact there have been massive increases in exports 

by Belgium, Canada, Italy, Greece, Italy, Lebanon, and Russia. 

Perhaps the key to getting Turkey on our side is to pass this resolution. That is not what they say, but that is what seems to happen 

when you look at the recent past. Turkey should acknowledge. We have provided them with $23 

billion in aid. We saved them from Communism, we helped build 

the pipeline that brings them oil today, we prevented an independent Kurdish state in Iraq, and we are the loudest voice for 

helping Turkey enter the European Union. With all that, they 

shouldn’t also ask us to act like cowards and deny the truth. I yield 

back. 

Chairman BERMAN. The time of the gentleman has expired. We 

have only a few minutes left for a vote. After consultations with the 

ranking member, it is the intention of the chair to recess this committee until 2:10, allow Ambassador Watson and Mr. Boozman to 

have their time to speak, and then go to the roll call at 2:15. We 

need to have a working quorum for the start of that roll call vote, 

and that roll call will continue until 5 minutes after the last vote 

in the next round of votes closes. In other words——

Ms. ROS-LEHTINEN. Mr. Chairman? 

Chairman BERMAN. Yes? 

Ms. ROS-LEHTINEN. We will begin voting at 2:15 or as soon as 

those two members finish their remarks, Mr. Boozman and Ambassador Watson? And any others who may——

Chairman BERMAN. Well, let us not say any others. 

Ms. ROS-LEHTINEN. Okay, that is why I want to make sure. So 

we have these two speakers and then we will commence voting, so 

we can tell everybody on our side, 2:15 more or less. 

Chairman BERMAN. We will need a working quorum to commence the roll call. 

Ms. ROS-LEHTINEN. Thank you, sir. 

Chairman BERMAN. And I expect that to be right around 2:15 

under this outline. So the committee is now recessed until 2:10, at 

which time I will recognize Mr. Boozman and expect the roll call 

to start at 2:15. 

Ms. ROS-LEHTINEN. And it will end? 

Chairman BERMAN. 5 minutes after the next round of votes after 

this one, on the floor, ends. 

[Recess.] 

Chairman BERMAN. The committee shall come to order. The 

markup is reconvened. It is now my pleasure to recognize Ambassador Watson for a statement. She moves to strike the last word, 

and she is recognized for 5 minutes. 

Ms. WATSON. Thank you. I am striking the last word, Mr. Chairman. Thank you for bringing House Resolution 252, which is the 

Affirmation of the United States Record on the Armenian Genocide, 

to the committee for markup. 

As a previous supporter of this significant legislation in 2007, I 

have once again, along with 160 of our colleagues, join in co-sponsoring the bipartisan resolution. Today’s proposed bill calls upon 

45

President Obama to ensure United States foreign policy accurately 

reflects our Nation’s historical record relating to the mass atrocities 

and killings of more than 11⁄2 Armenians from 1915 to 1923, as 

well as the displacement of over 500,000 Armenian men, women, 

and children, from their homeland. 

As a Member of Congress, whose district includes a growing Armenian constituency, as well as Turkish residents, I have listened 

carefully and caringly to passionate voices on both sides, and believe that even though currently there is no yet a common understanding recognized by the Governments of Armenia and Turkey, 

the United States must make a good faith effort to reflect in our 

foreign policy a perspective that allows all to move forward. 

While the United States continues its active engagement to encourage diplomatic talks between the President of Armenia and the 

President of Turkey to normalize relations and move the peace 

process forward, it is important that we not lose sight of the humanitarian role that America plays acting in the time o great need 

on behalf of a nation’s people in distress. 

So, Mr. Chairman, the United States record on human rights remains strong, and I believe the time has come to acknowledge 

straightforwardly our Nation’s experience of this matter. So I 

thank you and I yield back the balance of my time. 

Chairman BERMAN. I think all the people who are seeking recognition to strike the last word have been recognized, and pursuant 

to the unanimous consent that was accorded recently, and hearing 

no amendments, I move that the resolution be reported favorably 

to the House. All those in favor say aye. 

[Ayes.] 

Chairman BERMAN. All opposed say no. 

[No.] 

Chairman BERMAN. In the opinion of the chair, the ayes have it, 

and the motion is agreed to. 

Ms. ROS-LEHTINEN. Mr. Chairman. 

Chairman BERMAN. Yes? 

Ms. ROS-LEHTINEN. Is this the correct moment to ask for a recorded vote? 

Chairman BERMAN. It is a very good one. A recorded vote has 

been requested. The clerk will call the roll, moderately slowly, and 

this roll will remain open until 5 minutes after the last vote. We 

will obviously at some point recess, since I have to vote, but I will 

be back right after that vote, and 5 minutes after the last vote is 

gaveled down the roll here will close. The clerk will call the roll. 

Ms. RUSH. Chairman Berman? 

Chairman BERMAN. Aye. 

Ms. RUSH. Chairman Berman votes yes. Mr. Ackerman? 

Mr. ACKERMAN. Yes. 

Ms. RUSH. Mr. Ackerman votes yes. Mr. Faleomavaega? 

[No response.] 

Ms. RUSH. Mr. Payne? 

[No response.] 

Ms. RUSH. Mr. Sherman? 

Mr. SHERMAN. Yes. 

Ms. RUSH. Mr. Sherman votes yes. Mr. Engel? 

[No response.] 

46

Ms. RUSH. Mr. Delahunt? 

[No response.] 

Ms. RUSH. Mr. Meeks? 

[No response.] 

Ms. RUSH. Ms. Watson? 

Ms. WATSON. Yes. 

Ms. RUSH. Ms. Watson votes yes. Mr. Carnahan? 

[No response.] 

Ms. RUSH. Mr. Sires? 

Mr. SHIRES. Yes. 

Ms. RUSH. Mr. Shires votes yes. Mr. Connolly? 

[No response.] 

Ms. RUSH. Mr. McMahon? 

[No response.] 

Ms. RUSH. Mr. Tanner? 

Mr. TANNER. No. 

Ms. RUSH. Mr. Tanner votes no. Mr. Green. 

[No response.] 

Ms. RUSH. Ms. Woolsey? 

[No response.] 

Ms. RUSH. Ms. Jackson Lee? 

[No response.] 

Ms. RUSH. Ms. Lee? 

[No response.] 

Ms. RUSH. Ms. Berkley? 

Mr. BERKLEY. Yes. 

Ms. RUSH. Ms. Berkley votes yes. Mr. Crowley? 

[No response.] 

Ms. RUSH. Mr. Ross? 

[No response.] 

Ms. RUSH. Mr. Miller? 

Mr. MILLER. No. 

Ms. RUSH. Mr. Miller votes no. Mr. Scott? 

Mr. SCOTT. No. 

Ms. RUSH. Mr. Scott votes no. Mr. Costa? 

[No response.] 

Ms. RUSH. Mr. Ellison? 

[No response.] 

Ms. RUSH. Ms. Giffords? 

Ms. GIFFORDS. Yes. 

Ms. RUSH. Ms. Giffords votes yes. Mr. Klein? 

[No Response.] 

Ms. RUSH. Ms. Ros-Lehtinen? 

Ms. ROS-LEHTINEN. No. 

Chairman BERMAN. Ms. Ros-Lehtinen votes no. Mr. Smith? 

Mr. SMITH. Yes. 

Ms. RUSH. Mr. Smith votes yes. Mr. Burton? 

Mr. BURTON. No. 

Ms. RUSH. Mr. Burton votes no. Mr. Gallegly? 

[No response.] 

Ms. RUSH. Mr. Rohrabacher? 

[No response.] 

Ms. RUSH. Mr. Manzullo? 

Mr. MANZULLO. Yes. 

47

Ms. RUSH. Mr. Manzullo votes yes. Mr. Royce? 

Mr. ROYCE. Yes. 

Ms. RUSH. Mr. Royce votes yes. Mr. Paul? 

Mr. PAUL. No. 

Ms. RUSH. Mr. Paul votes no. Mr. Flake? 

Mr. FLAKE. No. 

Ms. RUSH. Mr. Flake votes no. Mr. Pence? 

Mr. PENCE. No. 

Ms. RUSH. Mr. Pence votes no. Mr. Wilson? 

Mr. WILSON. No. 

Ms. RUSH. Mr. Wilson votes no. Mr. Boozman? 

[No response.] 

Ms. RUSH. Mr. Barrett? 

Mr. BARRETT. No. 

Ms. RUSH. Mr. Barrett votes no. Mr. Mack? 

[No response.] 

Ms. RUSH. Mr. Fortenberry? 

[No response.] 

Ms. RUSH. Mr. McCaul? 

Mr. MCCAUL. No. 

Ms. RUSH. Mr. McCaul votes no. Mr. Poe? 

[No response.] 

Ms. RUSH. Mr. Inglis? 

Mr. INGLIS. No. 

Ms. RUSH. Mr. Inglis votes no. Mr. Bilirakis? 

[No response.] 

Chairman BERMAN. Does any member wish to add their vote? 

The gentleman from Massachusetts, Mr. Delahunt. 

Mr. DELAHUNT. No. 

Ms. RUSH. Mr. Delahunt votes no. 

Chairman BERMAN. The gentlemen from Florida, Mr. Mack. 

Mr. MACK. No. 

Ms. RUSH. Mr. Mack votes no. 

Chairman BERMAN. The gentleman from Missouri, Mr. 

Carnahan. 

Mr. CARNAHAN. No. 

Ms. RUSH. Mr. Carnahan votes no. 

Chairman BERMAN. The gentleman from Texas, Judge Poe. 

Mr. POE. No. 

Ms. RUSH. Mr. Poe votes no. 

Chairman BERMAN. The gentleman from Arkansas. 

Mr. BOOZMAN. No. 

Ms. RUSH. Mr. Boozman votes no. 

Chairman BERMAN. The gentleman from Florida, Mr. Bilirakis. 

Mr. BILIRAKIS. Yes. 

Ms. RUSH. Mr. Bilirakis votes yes. 

Chairman BERMAN. The gentleman from New Jersey, Mr. Payne. 

Mr. PAYNE. Yes. 

Ms. RUSH. Mr. Payne votes yes. 

Chairman BERMAN. And now we sit and wait, or at least I sit 

and wait. 

[Pause.] 

Chairman BERMAN. The gentleman from Arkansas, Mr. Ross. 

Mr. ROSS. No. 

48

Ms. RUSH. Mr. Ross votes no. 

[Pause.] 

Chairman BERMAN. The gentleman from California, Mr. Gallegly. 

Mr. GALLEGLY. Mr. Chairman, I vote aye. 

Ms. RUSH. Mr. Gallegly votes yes. 

Chairman BERMAN. The gentleman from Nebraska, Mr. 

Fortenberry. 

Mr. FORTENBERRY. No. 

Ms. RUSH. Mr. Fortenberry votes no. 

Chairman BERMAN. The gentleman from Virginia, Mr. Connolly. 

Mr. CONNOLLY. Mr. Chairman, I vote nay. 

Ms. RUSH. Mr. Connolly votes no. 

Chairman BERMAN. The gentleman from New York, Mr. 

McMahon. 

Mr. MCMAHON. Mr. Chairman, I vote no. 

Ms. RUSH. Mr. McMahon votes no. 

[Pause.] 

Chairman BERMAN. Mr. Costa. 

Ms. RUSH. You are not recorded. 

Mr. COSTA. Yes. 

Ms. RUSH. Mr. Costa votes yes. 

[Pause.] 

Chairman BERMAN. The gentleman from American Samoa, Mr. 

Faleomavaega. 

Mr. FALEOMAVAEGA. Mr. Chairman, how am I recorded? 

Ms. RUSH. You are not recorded. 

Mr. FALEOMAVAEGA. I vote yes. 

Ms. RUSH. Mr. Faleomavaega votes yes. 

[Pause.] 

Chairman BERMAN. The gentleman from New York, Mr. Engel. 

[No response.] 

Chairman BERMAN. The gentleman from California, Mr. Rohrabacher. 

Mr. ENGEL. Yes. 

Mr. ROHRABACHER. Yes. 

Ms. RUSH. Mr. Engel votes yes. Mr. Rohrabacher votes yes. 

[Recess.] 

Mr. FALEOMAVAEGA [presiding]. The gentleman from Florida. 

Mr. KLEIN. Yes. 

Mr. FALEOMAVAEGA. The gentleman from Florida votes yes. 

Ms. RUSH. Mr. Klein votes yes. 

Mr. FALEOMAVAEGA. The gentleman from New York, Mr. Meeks. 

Ms. RUSH. Mr. Meeks is not recorded. 

Mr. MEEKS. No. 

Ms. RUSH. Mr. Meeks votes no. 

[Recess.] 

Mr. FALEOMAVAEGA. Congressman Ellison. Congressman Keith 

Ellison. 

Mr. ELLISON. Yes. 

Ms. RUSH. Mr. Ellison votes yes. 

[Recess.] 

Chairman BERMAN. The gentlelady from California, Ms. Lee. 

Ms. LEE. Aye. 

Ms. RUSH. Ms. Lee votes yes. 

49

[Recess.] 

Mr. SHERMAN [presiding]. A quick announcement. Chairman Berman has asked me to sit in the chair until he can return from two 

votes. We are waiting, I believe, for four members, and I will ask 

the clerk to read the names of those members who have not yet 

voted. 

Ms. RUSH. Mr. Green, Ms. Woolsey, Ms. Jackson Lee, and Mr. 

Crowley. 

Mr. SHERMAN. So that is Mr. Green of Texas, Ms. Woolsey of 

California, Ms. Jackson Lee of Texas, and Mr. Crowley of New 

York. If they have staff here, or friends here, who can remind them 

to be here as soon as possible, that will allow us to complete the 

committee’s business. 

I will be sitting here until Chairman Berman returns. I will then 

scamper out of the room so that I can cast the final vote of the day 

on the floor. It is not because I am disinterested in the result that 

will occur in this room shortly after Chairman Berman returns. 

[Recess.] 

Mr. SHERMAN. I am going to ask people to take their seats. The 

House of Representatives floor is now in session, and 1 minute ago, 

they began voting on the last vote of the day, which is a motion 

to suspend the rules and applaud the Saints of New Orleans. 

That means that some of our colleagues may have cast this vote 

and may be walking here right now. So I feel that when they come 

here, they should see an orderly committee room. I would expect 

Chairman Berman to be here in another couple 3 minutes, and we 

have four of our colleagues who have not voted. 

This screen here shows what is going on now on the House floor. 

Under the unanimous consent request, 5 minutes after the conclusion of the vote now in progress on the House floor, will be the conclusion of our proceedings here. 

While there are officially 3 more minutes to cast votes on the 

House floor, House tradition would dictate that the gavel will probably not occur for 6, 7, 8 minutes from now. So, I expect these proceedings to be over in roughly 13 to 15 minutes. We don’t need absolute silence, but we do need some reasonable degree of order, and 

I would not be surprised if one of our four remaining colleagues 

comes into the room within the next minute. 

[Recess.] 

Chairman BERMAN. The gentlelady from California. 

Ms. RUSH. You are not recorded. 

Ms. WOOLSEY. Yes. 

Ms. RUSH. Ms. Woolsey votes yes. 

Chairman BERMAN. The gentleman from New York. 

Ms. RUSH. Mr. Crowley is not recorded. 

Mr. CROWLEY. Yes. 

Ms. RUSH. Mr. Crowley votes yes. 

[Recess.] 

Chairman BERMAN. The gentleman from Texas, Mr. Green. 

Ms. RUSH. Mr. Green is not recorded. 

Mr. GREEN. Yes. 

Ms. RUSH. Mr. Green votes yes. 

[Recess.] 

50

Chairman BERMAN. Under the unanimous consent request the 5 

minutes after the last vote has elapsed. If the clerk could tabulate 

the vote. 

Ms. RUSH. On this vote there are 23 ayes and 22 nos. 

Chairman BERMAN. The ayes have it, and the motion is agreed 

to. Without objection, members will have 5 legislative days to enter 

their statement into the record. The staff is authorized to make 

technical conforming changes. Since there is no further business, 

the committee stands adjourned. 

[Whereupon, at 3:45 p.m., the committee was adjourned.] 

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