p.1 

OAR Box 1313 

Prepped by LaTeia Shed 

Document Number: 

54) ll-B-28 

Docket Number: 

A-88-02 

Printed 6/12/2008 9:03:29 AM Sheet 54 of 99 
P.2 

pi E (? E 0 W E 

\j . ,-a a a 

JAN I 8199| 

j EFA AiR DOCKET 

TS-fc-28 

A-88-02 

Information on health or risk assessment was removed from the 

docket. This information was compiled before the Clean Air 

Act Amendments (1990) but was not used in the development of 

the chromium NESHAP. 
P.3 

MRI® 

3i- e>-»:z8 

I € ^ilDV A-88-02 

I f ll U • j MIDWEST RESEARCH INSTITUTE 

Suite 350 

401 Harrison Oaks Boulevard 

Cary, North Carolina 27513 

Telephone (919) 467-5215 

Facsimile (919) 467-8060 

Date: June 24, 1987 

Subject: Risk Assessment Inputs for Chromium Electroplating Operations 

Chromium Electroplating NESHAP 

EPA Contract 68-02-3817; ESED Project 85/02a 

MRI Project 7717-K 8, r^ ij \\] J. 

From: Randy Strait-^*" 

JAN ! 

To: Al Vervaert 

ESED/ISB/SSS (MD-13) : 

U. S. Environmental Protection Agency ! 

Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27711 

The risk assessment Inputs for modeling aggregate exposure and 

incidence for chromium electroplating operations were developed for the 

job shop Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) code 3471 and five twodigit SIC codes for captive shops. Table 1 presents nationwide hexavalent 

chromium baseline emission estimates for all job shops that perform hard 

and decorative chromium plating, and Table 2 presents baseline emission 

estimates for all captive shops. Emission estimates for captive hard 

plating shops are provided for SIC codes 35 and 37, and estimates for 

captive decorative plating shops are provided for SIC codes 34 through 

38. The specific categories covered by each SIC code are itemized 1n 

Attachment 1. The emission rates should be used as Inputs to the areasource algorithm of the Human Exposure Model that will be used to allocate 

nationwide emissions to each county in the country on the basis of 

employee populations. Separate risk estimates should be generated for 

hard and decorative plating operations for both job and captive shops. 

The risk assessment Inputs for modeling maximum individual risks 

associated with uncontrolled hexavalent chromium emissions from hard and 

decorative chromium plating operations are presented 1n Tables 3 and 4, 

respectively. Inputs are provided for three model plants (small, medium, 

and large) each for hard and decorative plating operations that are 

representative of different sizes of both job and captive shops. 

The bases for the aggregate exposure and incidence and maximum 

individual risk inputs will be documented in a followup memorandum. 

Attachment 

/• 
fc 

TABLE 1. NATIONWIDE HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM BASELINE EMISSION ESTIMATES FOR JOB SHOPS (SIC CODE 3471) 

Type of operation 

Hard chromium plating, Mg/yr 

(tons/yr) 

Decorative chromium plating, Mg/yr 

(tons/yr) 

Totals, Mg/yr (tons/yr) 

Small 

plants 

60 (66) 

2.0 (2.2) 

62 (68) 

Medium 

plants 

80 (88) 

2.3 (2.5) 

82 (90) 

Large 

plants 

260 (286) 

3.0 (3.3) 

263 (290) 

Totals 

400 (440) 

7.3 (8.0) 

407 (448) 
TABLE 2. NATIONWIDE HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM BASELINE EMISSION ESTIMATES FOR CAPTIVE SHOPS BY SIC CODE 

Type of operation/SIC code 

Hard chromium plating, Mg/yr 

(tons/yr) 

SIC code 35 

SIC code 37 

Subtotals 

Decorative chromium plating, 

Mg/yr (tons/yr) 

SIC code 34 

SIC code 35 

SIC code 36 

SIC code 37 

SIC code 38 

Subtotals 

Totals, Mg/yr (tons/yr) 

Small 

plants 

34 (37) 

9 (10) 

43 (47) 

1.0 (1.1) 

0.13 (0.14) 

1.5 (1.6) 

0.02 (0.02) 

0.17 (0.19) 

2.8 (3.1) 

46 (50) 

Medium 

plants 

47 (52) 

13 (14) 

60 (66) 

1.0 (1.1) 

0.14 (0.15) 

1.6 (1.8) 

0.01 (0.01) 

0.15 (0.16) 

2.9 (3.2) 

63 (69) 

Large 

plants 

154 (170) 

46 (51) 

200 (221) 

1.4 (1.5) 

0.10 (0.11) 

2.0 (2.2) 

0.02 (0.02) 

0.40 (0.44) 

3.9 (4.3) 

204 (225) 

Totals 

235 (259) 

68 (75) 

303 (334) 

3.4 (3.7) 

0.37 (0.41) 

5.1 (5.6) 

0.05 (0.05) 

0.72 (0.80) 

9.6 (10.6) 

313 (344) 

u -o 

CJl 
P.6 

TABLE 3. RISK ASSESSMENT INPUTS FOR MODELING MAXIMUM LIFETIME RISK 

ASSOCIATED WITH HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM EMISSIONS FROM 

HARD CHROMIUM PLATING OPERATIONS 

Type of source 

Uncontrolled emission 

rate per stack, kg/yr 

Discharge parameters 

No. of stacks 

Stack height, m 

Stack diameter, m 

Vertical area, m 

Vent type 

Gas exit velocity, m/s 

Gas temperature, K 

Small 

H (stack) 

320 

1 

9.1 

1.0 

9.1 

0 (vertical) 

15 

300 

Model 

0 

plant size 

Medium 

H (stack) 

1,520 

1 

9.1 

1.1 

10.0 

(vertical) 

15 

300 

Large 

H (stack) 

2,000 

5,000 

3,000 

3 

9.1 

0.4 

1.1 

1.6 

3.6 

10.0 

14.6 

0 (vertical) 

15 

300 

/ / 
P.7 

TABLE 4. RISK ASSESSMENT INPUTS FOR MODELING MAXIMUM INDIVIDUAL RISK 

ASSOCIATED WITH HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM EMISSIONS FROM 

DECORATIVE CHROMIUM PLATING OPERATIONS 

Type of source 

Uncontrolled emission 

rate per stack, kg/yr 

Discharge parameters 

No. of stacks 

Stack height, m 

Stack diameter, m 

2 

Vertical area, m 

Vent type 

Gas exit velocity, m/s 

Gas temperature, K 

Small 

H (stack) 

13 

1 

9.1 

0.7 

6.4 

0 (vertical) 

15 

300 

Model 

0 

plant size 

Medium 

H (stack) 

25 

26 

26 

3 

9.1 

0.7 

0.7 

0.7 

6.4 

6.4 

6.4 

(vertical) 

15 

300 

Large 

H (stack) 

60 

120 

120 

3 

9.1 

0.6 

0.8 

0.8 

5.5 

7.3 

7.3 

0 (vertical) 

15 

300 
Attachment 1 

Title: ESTIMATED NUMBER OF HARD CHROMIUM EL£CTR0PU)T1N6 CAPTIVE OPERATIONS FOR SIC CODES 35 AND 37 

P.8 

SIC 

Code Industry 

Total 

Of All 

Establishments 

Electroolating 

Establishments 

Reoorted 

(all types) 

Estiwted . 

Electrocuting 

Establishments • 

(all types) 

EstiMted Chromiua 

Electroolating 

Establishments 

(40* of Est. Estab.) 

3S11 Turbines and Turbine Generator Sets 

3519 Internal Combustion Engines, n.e.c.c 

3541 Machine Tools, Hetal Cutting Types 

3542 Machine Tools, Metal Forming Types 

3544 Special Dies, Tools, Jigs, and Fixtures 

3545 Machine Tool Accessories 

3546 Power Driven Hand Tools 

3547 Rolling Mill Machinery 

3549 Metalworking Machinery, n.e.e. 

3 9 9 Special Industry Machinery, n.e.c. 

3562 Ball and Roller Bearings 

3366 Speed Changers, Drives, and 6ears 

3566 Power Transmission Eguipment, rue.c. 

3569 General Industry Machinery, n.e.c 

3592 Carburetors, Pistons, Rings, Valves 

3599 Machinery, except Electrical, n.e.c. 

35 Subtotal 

253 

942 

452 

7,235 

1,620 

203 

63 

446 

1,824 

162 

309 

293 

1,458 

171 

22,076 

37,615 

3 

19 

10 

5 

17 

37 

10 

1 

4 

19 

12 

5 

10 

10 

18 

84 

264 

3 

27 

31 

12 

134 

78 

20 

2 

8 

51 

16 

9 

23 

14 

36 

623 

1,287 

1 

11 

12 

5 

54 

31 

8 

1 

3 

20 

6 

4 

32$ 

515 

3714 Motor Vehicle Parts and Accessories 

3721 Aircraft . 

3724 Aircraft Engines and Engine Parts 

3728 Aircraft Equipment, n.e.c. 

3761 Guided Missiles and Space Vehicles 

3764 Space Propulsion Units and Parts 

3769 Soace Vehicle Equipment, rue.c. 

3795 Tanks and Tank Components 

3799 Transportation Equipment, n.e.c. 

37 Subtotal 

2,420 

165 

340 

966 

29 

27 

49 

44 

425 

4,465 

76 

19 

28 

35. 

8 

5 

2 

2 

1 

167 

23 

39 

77 

17 

7 

4 

3 

3 

176 342 

67 

10 

16 

31 

7 

3 

2 

1 

1 

137 

Total for SIC 35 through 37 42,080 440 1,629 652 

a. Reference: 1982 Census of Manufacturers, Selected Metal Finishing Operations. 

U. S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Census. NC 82-S-8. 

(Data from Tables 1 4 3 of report). 

b. Nuaber of establishments were estiMted by adjusting establishments reoorted to correct for less than 100 oercent 

survey resoonse rate and establishments with less than five eaoloyees that were not surveyed. 

c. Not elsewhere classified. 
Titlei ESTINATED NUMBER OF DECORATIVE CHROMIUM ELECTROPLATING CAPTIVE OPERATIONS FOR SIC CODES 34 THROUGH 38 

P.9 

SIC 

Code 

3421 

3423 

3425 

3429 

3431 

3432 

3442 

3444 

3451. 

3452 

3465 

3469 

3482 

3483 

3484 

3489 

3494 

3498 

3499 

34 

3573 

3574 

3576 

3579 

Industry 

Cutlery 

Hand and Edge Tools, rue.c. 

Hand Saws and Saw Blades 

Hardware , n.e.c. 

Metal Sanitary Ware 

Plumbing Fittings and Brass Goods 

Metal Doors, Sash, and Trim 

Sheet Hetal Work 

Screw Machine Products 

Bolts, Nuts, Rivets, and Washers 

Automotive Stampings 

Hetal Stampings, rue.c. 

SMI I Arms, Ammunition 

Ammunition, except Small Arms, rwe.c. 

SMI I Arms 

Ordnance and Accessories, n.e.c. 

Valves and Pipe Fittings 

Fabricated Pipe and Fittings 

Fabricated Hetal Products, rue.c. 

Subtotal 

Electronic Computing Equipment 

Calculating and Accounting Machines 

Scales and Balances, except Laboratory 

Office Machines, n.e.c., and Typewriters 

Total 

Of All 

Establishments 

132 

786 

135 

1,185 

66 

166 

1,738 

3,795 

1,767 

903 

668 

2,843 

66 

74 

144 

65 

1,161 

779 

2,982 

19,515 

1,739 

70 

128 

232 

Electroplating 

Establishments 

Reported 

(all types) 

17 

50 

11 

109 

3 

27 

9 

14 

18 

86 

22 

67 

5 

7 

5 

4 

46 

8 

28 

538 

47 

3 

2 

16 

Estiuted 

Electroplating 

Establishments'* 

(all types) 

32 

UO 

26 

273 

8 

54 

41 

73 

65 

167 

33 

181 

15 

13 

13 

14 

78 

23 

101 

1,322 

150 

12 

4 

32 

Estiaated Chromium 

Electroolating 

Establishments 

(40X of Est. Estab.) 

13 

44 

10 

109 

3 

22 

16 

29 

26 

67 

13 

72 

6 

5 

I 

31 

10 

40 

1 

60 

5 

2 

13 

Subtotal 2,169 70 198 ir%§ 

7 
Titlei ESTIMATED NUWER OF DECORATIVE CHROMIUM ELECTR0PLAT1N6 CAPTIVE OPERATIONS FOR SIC CODES 34 THROUGH 38 (CONTINUED) 

P.10 

SIC 

Code Industry 

Total 

Of All 

Establishments 

649 

472 

913 

415 

226 

643 

243 

84 

233 

333 

2,388 

102 

766 

130 

103 

386 

198 

3,770 

Electroplating 

Establishments 

Reported 

(all types) 

77 

27 

30 

36 

26 

26 

5 

7 

4 

24 

98 

13 

44 

11 

11 

2 

47 

268 

Estiuted 

Electroplating 

Establishments 

(all types) 

123 

43 

75 

68 

42 

104 

9 

12 

9 

46 

216 

27 

ISO 

19 

17 

5 

75 

1,126 

EstiMted Chromium 

Electroplating 

Establishments 

(40* of Est. Estab.) 

49 

17 

30 

27 

17 

42 

4 

5 

4 

18 

86 

11 

60 

6 

7 

2 

30 

450 

3613 Switchgear and Switchboard Apparatus 

3621 Motors and Generators 

3622 Industrial Controls 

3643 Current-Carrying Wiring Devices 

3644 Noncurrent-Carrying Wiring Devices 

3645 Residential Lighting Fixtures 

3646 Commercial Lighting Fixtures 

3647 Vehicular Lighting Equipment 

3648 Lighting equipment, rue.c. 

3661 Telephone and Telegraph Apparatus 

3662 Radio and TV Communication Equipment 

3671 Electron Tubes, all Types 

3674 Semiconductors and Related Devices 

3675 Electronic Capacitors 

3676 Electronic Resistors 

3677 Electronic Coils and Transformers 

3678 Electronic Connectors 

3679 Electronic Components, rue.c. 

36 Subtotal 12,054 756 2,166 866 

3751 Motorcycles, Bicycles, and Parts 

37 Subtotal 

273 

273 

11 

11 

41 

41 

16 

16 

3811 Engineering and Scientific Instruments 

3822 Environmental Controls 

3823 Process Control Instruments 

3824 Fluid Meters and Counting Devices 

3825 Instruments to Measure Electricity 

3829 Measuring and Controlling Devices, n.e.c. 

3873 Watches, Clocks, and Watchcases 

38 Subtotal 

771 

245 

627 

145 

749 

717 

237 

3.491 

9 

16 

11 

4 

25 

9 

15 

89 

36 

34 

31 

7 

55 

30 

45 

238 

14 

14 

12 

3 

22 

12 

IB 

95 

Total for SIC 34 through 38 37,502 1.464 3,963 1,566 

References 1982 Census^*/ Manufacturers, Selected Metal Finishing Ooerations. 

U. S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Census. MC 82-S-8. 

(Oata from Tables 1 ( 3 of reoort). 

Nuaber of establishments were estiMted by adjusting establishments reoorted to correct for less than 100 oercent 

survey response rate and establishments with less than five employees that were not surveyed. 

c. Not elsewhere classified.