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PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION

ANNUAL REPORT

FISCAL YEAR ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 1981
Digitized by the Internet Archive

in 2010 with funding from

Lyrasis Members and Sloan Foundation

http://www.archive.org/details/annualrepo1981unit
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION

Balboa, Republic of Panama

OFFICE OF THE ADMINISTRATOR

From the Administrator:

I am pleased to submit the second annual report of the Panama Canal

Commission covering Canal operations for fiscal year 1981. During the second year under the Panama Canal Treaty, the Commission

continued to operate the Canal safely and efficiently while new records were

established in cargo tonnage and tolls revenue. Oceangoing transits and the number of large vessels using the Canal also increased over the prior year. Petroleum and products, grains, and coal continued to be the most

important commodity groups accounting for about 60 percent of total Canal commercial cargo movements during the fiscal year. To accommodate these growing demands on the waterway, the Commission devoted significant efforts to modernization and capacity

improvement programs. The locks towing locomotives and tugboat fleets were expanded and modernized through the acquisition and replacement of

major equipment. The contract for construction of a tie-up station in Gaillard Cut to increase Canal capacity was awarded. Other programs

provided for new launches, improvement of marine traffic surveillance,

replacement of locks equipment, and the improvement and replacement of

transit facilities. These projects and others are expected to augment Canal

capacity over 15 percent by 1983 and provide the waterway with sufficient capacity to handle projected traffic demands through the decade.
The successful performance levels reached during the last two years were

achieved under the difficult and challenging conditions that accompanied

the implementation of the Treaty, The Commission's Board of Directors is meeting on a regular basis and has made progress on the resolution of policy matters pertinent to Commission operations. Other binational bodies

created by the Treaty for the resolution of day-to-day problems also continue to function. Commission management and the operating

organization are fulfilling their mission of providing a high standard of

transit service to world shipping. With prudent investment in maintenance,

modernization, and effective training programs, the Panama Canal will continue as a viable artery for world trade well into the future.

P. McAulii

Administrator
TABLE OF CONTENTS

PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION

Page

INTRODUCTION

Organization I The Canal 1 Tolls Rates 2 Treaty Implementation 2 PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION

Organization Chart 3 Board of Directors 4 Officials in the Republic of Panama 4 Official in Washington, D.C 4 CHAPTER I —CANAL TRAFFIC

Traffic 5 Comparative Highlights of Operations 6 Commodities and Trade Routes 6 CHAPTER II— CANAL OPERATIONS

Transit Operations II Maintenance and Other Canal Projects 13 CHAPTER III— SUPPORTING OPERATIONS

Employee Services 15 Logistical Services 15 Transportation Facilities 16 Public Utilities 17 Police and Fire Protection 18 Canal Protection I g Health and Safety 19 Library Services 19 CHAPTER IV—ADMINISTRATION AND STAFF

Personnel: Force Employed and Rates of Pay 21 Equal Opportunity Program 22 Public Affairs 22 Ombudsman 23 Industrial Relations 23 CHAPTER V-FINANCIAL REPORT

Narrative Statement 25

Results of Operations 26

Capital Expenditures 26
CONTENTS

Financial Tables

Table 1 . —Balance Sheet Table 2. —Statement of Operations and Non-Interest-Bearing Investment Table 3. —Statement of Changes in the Investment of the United States . Table 4. —Statement of Changes in Financial Position Table 5. —Statement of Status of Appropriations

Table 6. —Statement of Property, Plant, and Equipment

Notes to financial statements

Page

28

30

3234

3536

37 CHAPTER

Table 1. Table 2. Table 3. Table 4. Table 5. Table 6.

Table 7. Table 8.

Table

Table 10 Table 11 Table 12

Table 13

Table 14

Table 15 Table 16 Table 17 Table 18 Table 19

VI—STATISTICAL TABLES

Shipping Statistics Panama Canal Traffic, Fiscal Years 1972-1981 —Commercial Ocean Traffic by Months, Fiscal Years 1981 and 1980 .

.

—Canal Traffic by Flag of Vessel, Fiscal Year 1981 —Classification of Canal Traffic by Type of Vessel, Fiscal Year 1981 —Laden and Ballast Traffic by Flag of Vessel, Fiscal Year 1981 —Segregation of Transits by Registered Gross Tonnage, Fiscal Year 198 i —Principal Commodities Shipped Through Canal by Fiscal Years. .

.

—Origin and Destination of Commercial Cargo Through the Panama

Canal from Atlantic to Pacific during Fiscal Year 1981 Segregated

by Countries in Principal Trade Areas —Origin and Destination of Commercial Cargo Through the Panama

Canal from Pacific to Atlantic during Fiscal Year 1981 Segregated

by Countries in Principal Trade Areas —Cargo Shipments by Trade Routes—Atlantic to Pacific —Cargo Shipments by Trade Routes —Pacific to Atlantic —Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific —Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic —Principal Canal Commodities by Direction, Fiscal Year 1981

Other Statistics

15. —Water Supply and Usage

16. —Dredging Operations

17. —Electrical Power Generated

Police Statistics Fire Statistics

48

50

5154

57

5860

64

70

78

81

85

104

123

126

126

127

128 128
INTRODUCTION

ORGANIZATION

The Panama Canal Commission is an agency of the Executive Branch of

the United States Government, provided for by the Panama Canal Treaty of

1977, and established by the Panama Canal Act of 1979 (93 Stat. 452; 22

U.S.C. 3601 et seq.), enacted September 27, 1979. The authority of the President of the United States with respect to the Commission is exercised

through the Secretary of Defense and the Secretary of the Army. The

Commission is supervised by a nine-member Board: five members are

nationals of the United States and four are Panamanians. Board members

who are U.S. nationals are appointed with the advice and consent of the Senate. The Commission was established to carry out the responsibilities of the United States with respect to the Panama Canal under the Panama Canal

Treaty of 1977. In fulfilling these obligations, the Commission manages,

operates, and maintains the Canal, its complementary works, installations,

and equipment, and provides for the orderly transit of vessels through the Canal. The Commission will perform these functions until the Treaty

terminates on December 31, 1999, when the Republic of Panama will assume full responsibility for the Canal.

The Commission is expected to recover, through tolls and other revenues,

all costs of operating and maintaining the Canal, including interest,

depreciation, capital for plant replacement, expansion and improvements,

and payments to the Republic of Panama for public services and annuities,

in accordance with paragraph 5 of Article III and paragraphs 4(a) and (b) of

Article XIII, respectively, of the Panama Canal Treaty of 1977. Revenues

from tolls and all other sources are deposited in the U.S. Treasury in an

account known as the Panama Canal Commission Fund. Appropriations

for operating expenses and capital improvements are enacted annually by

the Congress and are limited to the sum of the estimated receipts for the

year, plus any unexpended balances in the Panama Canal Commission

Fund.

THE CANAL

The Panama Canal is a lock-type canal approximately 5 1 miles long from

deep water to deep water. The minimum width of the navigable channel is 500 feet. Navigable channel depth varies according to the amount of water

available in Canal storage areas. The normal range of permissible transit draft is from 38 feet to 39 feet 6 inches tropical fresh water.

1
2 INTRODUCTION

Vessels transiting the Canal are raised in three steps to the level of Gatun

Lake, the principal source of Canal water, then lowered to sea level again in three steps. The three sets of Canal locks are paired so as to permit

simultaneous lockage of two vessels in the same direction or in opposite

directions. Since August 15, 1914, the official date of its opening, the Panama Canal

has served world trade virtually without interruption. Through this fiscal year, a total of 597,285 vessels of all types have transited with 497,623 or 83.3 percent of the total being of the oceangoing commercial class. TOLLS RATES

Panama Canal tolls rates were increased approximately 29.3 percent on

October 1 , 1979. These rates remained unchanged through fiscal year 1981. Tolls rates are: (a) On merchant vessels, Army and Navy transports,

tankers, hospital ships, supply ships, and yachts, when carrying passengers

or cargo: $ 1 .67 per net vessel ton of 100 cubic feet of actual earning capacity.

Such tonnage is determined in accordance with the "Rules of Measurement

of Vessels for the Panama Canal;" (b) on such vessels in ballast, without

passengers or cargo: $ 1 .33 per net vessel ton; and (c) on other floating craft: 93 cents per ton of displacement.

Vessels of the Governments of Panama and Colombia were given free

transit as were two transits solely for repairs at Commission facilities. TREATY IMPLEMENTATION

The Panama Canal Treaty of 1977 entered into effect on October 1, 1979. The two years following implementation of the Treaty have been not only a time of change for the Panama Canal, but also a time of continuity and

achievement. Innumerable changes and innovations have been carried out by the Commission in compliance with the Treaty throughout this period.

The Commission's binational Board of Directors is meeting periodically to resolve a broad range of issues pertinent to the Commission. Other

binational bodies established by the Treaty for the resolution of day-to-day

problems also continue to function.
5 2 < a

h- 5 z -J O o < O
BOARD OF DIRECTORS

BOARD OF DIRECTORS

Honorable William R. Gianelli. Chairman

Assistant Secretary of the Army

(Civil Works)

Washington, D.C.

Honorable John A. Bushnell

Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Inter-American Affairs Washington, D.C.

Honorable J. W. Clark

President, Clark Maritime

Associates, Inc. New Orleans, Louisiana Honorable Edwin Fabrega V. Director General

Institute of Hydraulic Resources and Electrification (IRHE)

Panama, Republic of Panama

Honorable Roberto M. Heurtematte E. Panama. Republic of Panama

Honorable Clifford B. O'Hara

Riverside, Connecticut Honorable Tomas Paredes R. Executive Director Executive Bureau for Panama Canal

Treaty Affairs Panama, Republic of Panama

Honorable Ricardo A. Rodriguez

Minister of the Presidency Panama. Republic of Panama

Honorable William Sidell Poway, California

Executive Committee

Honorable William R. Gianelli. Chairman

Honorable John A. Bushnell

Honorable Clifford B. O'Hara

Honorable Ricardo A. Rodriguez

Honorable Tomas Paredes R.

Budget and Finance Committee

Honorable Edwin Fabrega V., Chairman

Honorable J. W. Clark

Honorable Clifford B. O'Hara

Honorable Tomas Paredes R.

Personnel Committee

Honorable J. W. Clark, Chairman

Honorable Roberto M. Heurtematte E. Honorable William Sidell Honorable Tomas Paredes R.

Long-Range Canal Improvements

Committee

Honorable Edwin Fabrega V., Chairman

Honorable J. W. Clark

Honorable Clifford B. O'Hara

Honorable Tomas Paredes R.

OFFICIALS IN THE REPUBLIC OF PANAMA

Administrator D. P. McAuliffe

Deputy Administrator Fernando Manfredo, Jr.

OFFICIAL IN WASHINGTON, D.C.

Secretary Michael Rhode, Jr.
Chapter I

CANAL TRAFFIC

TRAFFIC

Most important elements of Canal traffic and tolls revenue again reached

record levels in fiscal year 1981. The gains were highly concentrated in increased shipments of the three most important commodity groups moving

through the Canal —petroleum, grains and coal. Oceangoing transits totaled 1 3,984, or 38.3 daily, during the fiscal year, an

increase of 2.7 percent from 13,614, or 37.2 daily, in fiscal year 1980. Oceangoing commercial vessels accounted for 13,884 transits, compared to

1 3,507 such transits in the prior year. Vessels owned or operated by the U.S. Government, and free Panamanian and Colombian vessels, made 100

transits compared to 107 transits in fiscal year 1980. The trend toward larger vessels was again evident this year, although the increase was lower than in previous years. Transits, of vessels having beams

of 80 feet or greater totaled 6,364 or 45.5 percent of total oceangoing

transits. In fiscal year 1980, 6,089 vessels, or 44.7 percent of the oceangoing

transits, were in this beam category. Transit of the larger vessels, those in the 100-foot beam and over category, totaled 2,263, or 16.2 percent of total oceangoing transits, compared to 2,172, or 16.0 percent, during fiscal year

1980.

In terms of Panama Canal net tonnage, the average size of oceangoing

commercial transits rose 0.8 percent, increasing from 13,485 tons in 1980 to 13,593 in 1981. During fiscal year 1980, the average size of oceangoing

commercial transits rose 4.1 percent with respect to the prior year. The increase in the number and size of vessels generated record Panama

Canal net tonnage and tolls revenue. Total Panama Canal net tonnage

increased 3.5 percent from 183.2 million tons in 1980 to 189.6 million tons. Tolls revenue increased 3.3 percent to a record $303.1 million from $293.4

million in the prior year. Oceangoing commercial tolls accounted for $30 1.8 million of the total tolls in 1981 and U.S. Government tolls collected were

$1 .2 million. Other transit-related revenue reached $47.7 million for a total

transit revenue of $350.8 million compared to $335.2 million in fiscal year

1980. A two-year summary of the principal elements of Canal traffic is shown

on the following table:
6 CANAL TRAFFIC

COMPARATIVE HIGHLIGHTS OF OPERATIONS

Fiscal rear

1 1981 1980 ' Oceangoing transits: Commercial 13,884 13,507 U.S. Government 89 101 Free Li 6 Total 13,984 13,614 Daily average 38.3 37.2

Small transits: Commercial 79

1

788

U.S. Government 225 276

Free 50 47

Total 1,066 I.I I I

Total cargo: Commercial 171,223,1 17 167.215,722

U.S. Government 301,778 396,481 Free

Total 171,524,895 167,612,203 Total Panama Canal net tons and reconstructed displace- ment tonnage 189,565.518 183.173,120

Transit revenue: Commercial tolls $301,828,204 $291,913,488

U.S. Government vessels tolls 1,252,154 1,530,455

Tolls revenue $303,080,358 $293,443,943

Harbor pilotage, tug, launch, and other services 47,681,976 41,717,532

Total transit revenue $350,762,334 $335,161,475

COMMODITIES AND TRADE ROUTES

Cargo tonnage moving through the Canal during fiscal year 1981 set another record, primarily as a result of increased shipments of petroleum,

grains and coal. Total Canal cargo movements reached 171.5 million long

tons, increasing 2.3 percent from the 167.6 million long tons registered in 1980. The rate of increase was moderate, however, compared to the cargo

growth rates experienced in recent years. Petroleum and petroleum products continued to be the most important

Canal commodity group, accounting for 28.9 percent of all commercial

cargo shipped through the Canal. Total shipments of this commodity group

increased 4.3 percent from 47.4 million long tons in fiscal year 1980 to 49.4
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 7

million long tons in fiscal year 1981. Crude petroleum shipments totaled 36.4 million long tons compared to 35.3 million long tons in fiscal year 1980,

with the entire increase due to a stronger Alaska North Slope (ANS) oil trade. The ANS movement accounted for 24.6 million long tons in 1981,

increasing I I.I percent from the prior year. Shipments of other petroleum

products, excluding crude oil, increased 7.9 percent from 12.0 million long

tons in 1980 to 13.0 million long tons in 1981. Grain shipments surpassed prior year levels by 13.1 percent, totaling a record 34.4 million long tons and accounting for 20.1 percent of all Canal

commercial cargo. The increase in this commodity group resulted primarily

from nearly a doubling of the wheat movement, from 6.6 million long tons in 1980 to 12.5 million long tons this fiscal year. Nearly 55 percent of the total wheat trade was destined for China. With the exception of barley, oats and

rice, the tonnage of the other grains composing this commodity group

registered declines from prior year levels. Corn decreased from 12.4 million

long tons in 1980 to 10.7 million long tons in 1981, sorghum from 3.0 million

long tons to 2.3 million long tons and soybeans from 6.9 million long tons to

6.7 million long tons. Grain exports from the East Coast of the United States

to Asia accounted for 72.3 percent of the total Canal grain movement, with

Japan remaining the primary destination.

Coal and coke shipments, which accounted for 1 1.8 percent of all Canal

commercial cargo this year, continued last year's upward trend, registering 20.2 million long tons, the highest level in six years. Most of that coal was

metallurgical type destined for Japan's steel industry, but part of the gain in the coal movement may be attributed to burgeoning U.S. exports of steam

coal. Two other major commodity groups experiencing gains during the year were chemicals and petrochemicals, which increased 6.0 percent to 4.5 million long tons and machinery and equipment, which rose 5.0 percent to

2.5 million long tons. Many other major Canal commodity movements registered declines

during the year. The tonnage of ores and metals decreased 26. 1 percent to

8.5 million long tons; nitrates, phosphates and potash fell 1 2.7 percent to 8.5 million long tons; manufactures of iron and steel dropped 2.6 percent to 7.2 million long tons; lumber and products continued to slump, falling 13.0 percent to 6.2 million long tons; and canned and refrigerated foods

decreased 4.3 percent to 3.9 million long tons. Trade between the East Coast of the United States and Asia remained the most important trade route, with 37.5 percent of total Canal commercial

cargo moving over this route. Cargo shipments in this trade increased 10.2 percent from 58.3 million long tons in 1980 to 64.2 million long tons in 1981. The following tables show the principal commodity groups moving in oceangoing commercial vessels in 198 1 and a comparison of the major trade

routes in 1981 and 1980:
^5

CANAL TRAFFIC

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10 CANAL TRAFFIC
Chapter II

CANAL OPERATIONS

Canal operations are comprised of Transit Operations and Maintenance

and Other Canal Projects. The various functions are divided among a number of operating bureaus within the Canal agency. TRANSIT OPERATIONS

Daily average transits by oceangoing vessels increased from the 37.2 per day during fiscal year 1980 to 38.3 per day during fiscal year 198 1 . Average

time in Canal waters increased from 34.9 hours in fiscal year 1980

to 40.7 hours in fiscal year 1981.

Percent Percent

Vessels of total Vessels of total of 600-foot oceangoing of 80-foot oceangoing

Fiscal year length and over transits beam and over transits 1981 4,855 34.7 6,364 45.5 1980 4,598 33.8 6,089 44.7 1979 4,089 31.3 5,503 42.1 1978 3,842 30.1 5,200 40.7 1977 3,012 25.1 4,254 35.5 The number of vessels transiting at more than 36-foot drafts increased

3.38 percent during FY 1981 with 2,200 vessels transiting the Canal

compared to 2,128 last year. The maximum allowable draft of 39 feet 6 inches was maintained for the entire fiscal year. Total jobs performed by Commission tugs declined from 46,310 in fiscal year 1980 to 41,718 in fiscal year 1981. Commencing October 1, 1980, all harbor movements in the ports of Balboa and Cristobal were performed by

tugs operating under contract with the National Port Authority of Panama.

Fiscal year

' 1981 1980

' Oceangoing transits 13,984 13,614 Tug jobs: Balboa 28,102 27,531

Cristobal 13,616 18,779 Tug operating hours 62,067 62,09

1

11
12 CANAL OPERATIONS

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PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 13 MAINTENANCE AND OTHER CANAL PROJECTS

The design for 23 high mast lighting poles on the east, center and west wall of Pedro Miguel Locks was completed. Installation of the new lighting

system is expected to be completed in January 1983 and will provide Canal

pilots better visibility when transiting wide beam ships at night. Similar

lighting was previously installed at Miraflores Locks and is presently being

installed at Gatun.

The seven phase Panama Canal Dam and Spillway Inspection Study was

completed during the year. The study, initiated in fiscal year 1977, was

conducted by the Mobile District of the U.S. Corps of Engineers. In the final phase, the Corps recommended a change in the flood control procedures

and eliminated the locks chambers at Gatun and Pedro Miguel from further consideration as flood spillways. To protect vital Canal structures against

higher lake levels as a result of this loss in spillway capacity, dikes were

designed and constructed in time to implement the new flood control

procedure during the flood season of November 1980. Other Corps

recommendations contained in the various phases of the study have already

been implemented.

A contract was awarded for the construction of the first phase of a ship

tie-up station in Paraiso Reach, one mile north of Pedro Miguel Locks. This

facility, when completed, will maximize use of Pedro Miguel Locks by

permitting ships to be locked up through Pedro Miguel and then secured to the station during "clear-cut" operations or during periods of fog. The first phase of the project will permit the securing of two ships at the station. When all phases are completed, the station will accommodate five ships

which is expected to increase the capacity of the Canal by two ships per day.

In fiscal year 1980, a new method was developed to repair the waterside

rail of the locomotive tow track at the locks. The procedure, called the

"alternate tie method", consists of removing and replacing alternate ties together with sections of the concrete foundation thus permitting the track

to be repaired without taking it out of service. Work at Miraflores Locks was initiated in January with 1 ,970 feet of rail being repaired by the end of

the fiscal year. Repair work began at Pedro Miguel Locks in February with

1,880 feet being completed. A total of 1,125 feet of track were repaired at Gatun during the year. Commensurate with this rail repair, maintenance

crews also began repairing damaged rack section of the tow track system.

Fifty-four 6-foot sections were replaced throughout all locks by the end of

fiscal year 1981. Specifications were completed and a $2.4 million contract negotiated with

a U.S. firm for rewinding and uprating two hydroelectric generators at the Madden generating plant. The first unit is scheduled to be taken out of

service May 1, 1982, and completed in August 1982; the second unit will be

taken out of service and completed a year later. These generators were

installed during the 1930s and converted to 60-cycle operation in 1957.
14 CANAL OPERATIONS

Completion of this project will substantially reduce the probability of

generator failure. In addition, the nominal capacity of each unit will be

increased from 8,000 KW to 12,000 K.W which will provide more peaking

power, increase hydroelectric generating capacity during wet years, and

reduce generating costs. In August 1981, a telephone dialing change was implemented

Commission-wide to eliminate operational conflicts between the Commission telephone system and the recently established central office of

the Instituto Nacional de Telecomunicaciones (INTEL). The change

standardized dialing throughout the Commission and military systems.

Work commenced at the locks on the voltage conversion of the machinery

transformer rooms from 240 to 480 volts. The obsolete Roller-Smith

breakers are being replaced by molded case circuit breakers mounted on the

existing roll-out mechanisms. The Pedro Miguel Locks portion of the project is nearing completion and Miraflores and Gatun Locks are scheduled for future years. When completed, this project will standardize

the operating voltage of all locks machinery at 480 volts.
Chapter III

SUPPORTING OPERATIONS

Supporting operations of the Panama Canal provided essential support

services to the operation of the waterway, as well as to other U.S. agencies on the Isthmus and to employees and their dependents. These operations

included Logistical Services, Employee Services, Transportation Facilities,

Public Utilities, Police and Fire Protection, Canal Protection, Health and

Safety, and Library Services.

EMPLOYEE SERVICES

During fiscal year 1981, the Commission provided housing, care of

grounds, buildings management services and recreational facilities for the agency and its employees and their dependents.

The housing livability program, which permits limited improvements to quarters by employees, as well as the installation of vinyl siding on

composite quarters and exterior and interior painting of quarters were

continued as in previous years. Physical security improvements to quarters were continued during the year. A plan was developed late in the year to effect the early transfer in fiscal year 1982 of 168 apartments on the Atlantic side to the Government of

Panama. The apartments are located in the townsites of Coco Solo and

Mindi.

LOGISTICAL SERVICES

The Storehouse Division, with the assistance of the New Orleans

Procurement Division, provided centralized procurement, inventory

management, warehousing, distribution, contract administration, and

supply and property disposal support to Canal operations. Major contracts awarded during the year included one for $5 million to a Japanese firm for

15
16 SUPPORTING OPERATIONS

construction and delivery of six locks towing locomotives and component

parts, due in March and July 1982; and another to a U.S. firm for $2.4

million for the engineering, design, materials and technical supervision for rewinding and uprating the capacity of two existing generating units at the Madden Dam Power Plant. An option to purchase a second diesel-powered,

twin-screw tugboat for $4 million under an existing contract from FY 1980

with a U.S. manufacturer was exercised. A new tug, the Alianza, was

accepted by the Commission and put into service during the year. A second

tug, the Progreso, is expected to be put into service in early fiscal 1982. Almost $17 million in Commission inventory items were issued and $19

million was obligated for new inventory purchases during the year. A total inventory of 39,000 line items with an average landed cost value of $26

million was on hand at year-end.

TRANSPORTATION FACILITIES

The Panama Canal Commission's transportation facilities included a motor vehicle fleet, of 83 1 vehicles, and an oceangoing general cargo vessel (SS Cristobal) of 10,000 gross tons. The Motor Transportation Division operated and maintained a consolidated motor pool designed to meet the vehicular transportation

requirements of the Commission. The vehicle fleet in fiscal year 1981 included 606 trucks of various types, 1 50 passenger-carrying vehicles, and 75 special-purpose vehicles. Vehicle mileage increased from 7,048,000 miles in

fiscal year 1980 to 7,950,000 in fiscal 1981. The vehicle inspection facilities located within the Motor Transportation Division areas were used by the Government of Panama to conduct inspections of privately-owned vehicles

and by the Motor Transportation Division to perform Commission vehicle

inspections. Fully equipped shops, including a tire retreading plant, provide

facilities for maintenance and repairs to the Motor Transportation Division

fleet. The SS Cristobal, an oceangoing passenger/ cargo vessel, was

decommissioned from service with the Panama Canal Commission on

September 24, 1981. The vessel, constructed for the Panama Canal's

Panama Line in 1939, had provided reliable logistical support between the United States and Panama for the Panama Canal Company/ Canal Zone

Government, Panama Canal Commission, and other U.S. Government

agencies. During fiscal year 1981, the vessel completed 23 regularly

scheduled round-trip voyages between New Orleans and the port of

Cristobal in Panama. Cargo volume carried for the same period amounted

to 94,412 measurement tons, an uneconomically low level as compared to pre-Treaty volume. The SS Cristobal continued to provide facilities for 12 passengers through its last voyage. Commission cargo is now shipped under

the Defense Transportation System with terminal support services being

provided by the Military Traffic Management Command Terminal Panama

and New Orleans.
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 17

At fiscal year-end 198 1 , the Procurement Division in New Orleans and the Water Transportation Division, which had operated the SS Cristobal, were

discontinued and the employees entered reduction-in-force. A small

logistical support activity remains in New Orleans, which is scheduled to become a branch of the Storehouse Division.

PUBLIC UTILITIES

Panama Canal Commission facilities include electric power generation

and distribution systems, communication systems, water purification and

distribution systems, and a central chilled water air conditioning system for certain public buildings on the Pacific side. Total Canal Area energy demand during fiscal year 198 1 was 556 gigawatt

hours, a 1 .9 percent decrease from the 567 gigawatt hours used last year. The

peak hourly demand of 88 megawatts reached on April 13, 1981, was 5.4 percent below the peak of 93 megawatts in the prior year. Agency-wide

energy consumption in fiscal year 1981 for electrical power and fuel, calculated together in Btu's, was reduced a total of 21.7 percent from the energy conservation baseline period of fiscal year 1975. Electrical power

comsumption by the Commission, 71.6 gigawatt hours, was 9.9 percent

below the usage levels recorded for comparable operations in fiscal year

1975; fuel consumption (excluding fuel for power generation), 5.3 million

gallons, was 3 1 .9 percent below the corresponding fiscal year 1 975 baselines. The water treatment and distribution systems operated by the Commission provide potable water for the Canal Area and areas of the Republic of Panama. The Pacific side system serves the Canal Area,

Panama City, and suburban areas; and the separate Atlantic side system

serves the Canal Area, the city of Colon, and suburban areas. During fiscal year 1981, the two systems supplied 3,061 million cubic feet of potable water

to consumers, an increase of about 4.5 percent over the previous year.

Water Consumption by Areas

(Millions of cubic feet)

Fiscal year 1981 1980 Canal Area 726 7 1

7

Panama City and suburbs 1 ,638 1 ,536 Colon and suburbs 697 676

Total 3,061 2,929 The water provided to Panama City in fiscal year 1981 was 6.6 percent

above fiscal year 1980 consumption and averaged 35.6 million gallons per day throughout the fiscal year. This increase in water consumption is due to the population increase in Panama City and the addition of the Arraijan

townsite to the service area.
18 SUPPORTING OPERATIONS

POLICE AND FIRE PROTECTION

The mission of the Police Division is, in coordination with the Panama

National Guard, the preservation of public peace and order, protection of

life and property, and the prevention of crime throughout Commission

areas. During fiscal year 1981, the dual jurisdictional concept and joint patrol

with the Panama National Guard continued to provide law enforcement

services in an efficient manner. The Penitentiary at Gamboa was officially transferred to the Government

of Panama on December 31, 1980. Of the three remaining felony inmates

which were in United States custody during the fiscal year, two were

transferred to Panamanian custody and one was transferred to the custody

of the United States Bureau of Prisons. All transfers were handled through

proceedings in the United States District Court, and in accordance with the Prisoner Transfer Treaty between the Republic of Panama and the United

States, ratified June 27, 1980. During fiscal year 1981, 257 persons subject to U.S. jurisdiction were

arrested compared to 335 persons arrested in fiscal year 1980. A total of 926

persons subject to Panama jurisdiction were arrested in the Canal Area and

handled by Republic of Panama authorities. The Panama Canal Commission Fire Division is responsible for fire protection, fire fighting and rescue operations in Canal operating areas, defense sites, civilian and military areas of coordination, and shipboard fire fighting on all vessels in Commission waters. There were 723 fires (excluding

ships) in fiscal year 1981, causing a loss of $205,234 compared to 770 fires resulting in a loss of $247,988 in fiscal year 1980. There were 7 ship fires during the year versus 13 the previous year. Ship

fire losses in 1981 were $1,750 compared to $512,195 the year before. CANAL PROTECTION

The Canal Protection Division provides guard protection and physical

security for vital installations and facilities of the Panama Canal

Commission through the prevention and detection of sabotage, theft and

pilferage; and the prevention of unauthorized use of Government property,

equipment and facilities. In fiscal year 1981, the physical security staff function was transferred to the Canal Protection Division to consolidate the operational and staff physical security activities with the objective of

improving security services in the Commission.

An extensive security survey of the various vital installations was

conducted to analyze criticality, vulnerability and threat factors, for the purpose of possibly reassessing the allocation and assignment of physical

security resources within the Commission.

A comprehensive training program was initiated to provide guard

personnel training in physical security, foot patrol, appearance,

marksmanship, use of deadly force, detention and apprehension, fire prevention, basic first aid and cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Three in-
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 19

house training films were produced by Graphics Branch using division

security personnel and filmed on-site in Commission vital installations. HEALTH AND SAFETY

The Office of Health and Safety is responsible for the agency's

environmental sanitation, occupational health, industrial hygiene and

safety and zoonotic disease control programs. The Office of Health and

Safety is also responsible for maintaining close liaison with the U.S. Army

Medical Department Activity (MEDDAC), Panama on all matters

pertaining to the health care provided to Commission employees, their dependents and others sponsored by the agency. In addition, the Office

provides liaison with components of the Department of Defense, other U.S. Government agencies and appropriate officials and organizations of the Government of Panama relative to health matters. During fiscal year 1981, the Office of Health and Safety fully

implemented an in-house program for conducting reemployment and

periodic physical examinations using the Commission's Occupational

Health physicians. X-rays, laboratory testing and speciality consultations in support of the program are ordered from M EDDAC on an as-needed basis. The agency's disabling injury frequency climbed from 5.58 per one million

man-hours worked in fiscal year 1980 to 6.85 in fiscal year 1981. The

increase is primarily the result of significant personnel turnover which

resulted in many position vacancies in the field being filled by employees and

supervisors with relatively less job experience and safety indoctrination.

Safety continues to receive management emphasis throughout the organization.

LIBRARY SERVICES

The Library Services Branch of Community Services Division is responsible for providing mission-support information and research to the Panama Canal Commission, maintaining a special collection of library and

three-dimensional materials relating to the history of the Panama Canal,

and providing general library service to Commission employees and their dependents, U.S. Forces and their dependents, and to the extent possible,

other Isthmian residents. The circulation index increased from 715.4 in fiscal year 1980 to 874.6 in

fiscal year 1981. The reference index decreased from 14.7 in fiscal year 1980

to 9.9 in fiscal year 1981. Total items in the library were decreased from

258,500 to 252,360.

Chapter IV

ADMINISTRATION AND STAFF

PERSONNEL

FORCE EMPLOYED AND RATES OF PAY

At the end of fiscal year 1981, the total Isthmian force of the Commission

was 8,656 compared to 8,626 employees in fiscal year 1980. Of the total in 1981, 7,846 were full-time permanent and 801 were part-time and

temporary. In addition, there were 9 military personnel assigned to the Commission on the Isthmus. Twenty-two persons, all U.S. citizens, were employed by the Commission in New Orleans and Washington, D.C.

Approximately 74 percent of the total Isthmian force is comprised of

Panamanians; 3 percent of third country nationals; and the remaining 23

percent of U.S. citizens. Rates of pay were established on a Canal Area

Wage Base for occupational categories which were filled by recruitment on

the Isthmus prior to October 1, 1979; on a U.S. Wage Base for those

positions normally filled by recruitment from the United States prior to October 1, 1979; on a Panama Area Wage Base for employees hired locally on or after October 1, 1979; and on a Critical Skill Wage Base for employees

hired into Critical Skill Occupations after October I, 1979. The following

table shows the Commission permanent full-time Isthmian force by

citizenship and wage base, excluding student assistants:

SonFiscal Year IVKI U.S. U.S. Total Canal Area Wage Base 1 29 4. 1 78 4,307

U.S. Wage Base 1,667 1,617 3,284 Panama Area Wage Base 38 143 181 Critical Skill Wage Base 12 62 74

Total Full-time Permanent Force 1 1,846 6,000 7,846

1 Includes Administrator and Deputy Administrator, but excludes full-time temporary, and

part-time. The total Commission payroll reached $157.7 million in fiscal year 1981 compared to $155.2 million in fiscal year 1980. Of the total Commission

fiscal year 1981 payroll, $89.0 million was paid to non-U. S. citizen employees and $68.7 million to U.S. citizen employees.

21
22 ADMINISTRATION AND STAFF

EQUAL OPPORTUNITY PROGRAM

During fiscal year 1981, the Administrator delegated joint responsibility

for an Upward Mobility Program for the Panama Canal Commission to the

Office of Personnel Administration and Office of Equal Opportunity. The

concept of shared responsibility of minority-related programs in the Commission proved effective earlier with the Office of Personnel

Administration and Office of Equal Opportunity jointly developing and

implementing other EEO Programs and the Panamanian Preference

Program. At the conclusion of the fiscal year, planning was completed for both units to share responsibility also for the agency's Handicap Program.

Pursuant to its responsibility for monitoring the Panamanian Preference

Program, the Office of Equal Opportunity studies concluded that the trend

of growing participation of Panamanians is evident in all wage categories

and at all pay levels throughout the Commission. In the second half of fiscal year 1981 alone, the percentage of Panamanians increased in 11 of the 14 wage categories. The following trends between the conclusion of fiscal year

1980 and fiscal year 1981 were noted in the permanent work force:

Changes in Permanent Work Force

Percent

Fiscal Year Increase/

I 1 1980 1981 u.s Panamanian

Third Country Nationals

Total EEO studies of optional retirements for the period between October 1, 1979, and September 30, 1981, reflected that the permanent Panamanian

work force grew in size approximately equivalent to the number of U.S.

optional retirements during the first two years of operation of the Commission. During this period, 268 U.S. citizens elected optional

retirement and the permanent Panamanian work force increased by 257. PUBLIC AFFAIRS

During fiscal year 1981, the Office of Public Affairs expanded agency

communications with the world maritime industry through increased

participation in shipping conferences and exhibitions, as well as by

providing press releases to additional shipping publications and port city

newspapers. The Panama Canal Review was published on the second

anniversary of the implementation of the Canal treaties and received a highly favorable response from shipping interests, private businesses,

Panamanian Government officials, and Commission employees. A new

exhibit stressing the increasing participation of Panamanians in the Canal

work force was placed on display at regional fairs and appropriate

conventions in Panama. The Public Affairs Office handled more than

312,500 visitors to Miraflores Locks and conducted 870 tours of Canal

facilities.

1 1980

i 1981 Decrease 1,920 1,866 -2.8 5,499 5,778 +5.0 308 280 -9.1 7,727 7,924 +2.5
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 23 OMBUDSMAN

The Office of the Ombudsman, established by the implementing legisla- tion for the Panama Canal Treaty 01 1977, continued to provide answers to requests for information, and investigate administrative problems,

inefficiencies, and conflicts caused within the Panama Canal Commission

and other U.S. Government agencies on the Isthmus as a result of the Treaty. The widest latitude possible was given to those problems affecting

employee morale and quality of life. During fiscal year 1981, over 1,350 requests for information and

assistance were registered at the Ombudsman's office. Based upon the origin

of these requests, it is evident that the primary impact of the Treaty has been

felt by Commission employees and employees who were transferred to the Department of Defense with their functions from the former Panama Canal

Company/ Canal Zone Government. The nature of the questions referred to the office and the problems which required solutions reflected the stresses and anxieties experienced by the employees and dependents in reaction to the impact of the Treaty and implementing legislation, both at work and on

their personal lives. INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS

The statutory provisions of federal labor-management relations included

in the Civil Service Reform Act of 1978 which were made applicable to the Panama Canal Commission by the Panama Canal Act of 1979, continued to be implemented during fiscal year 1981. Contract negotiations with the International Organization of Masters, Mates and Pilots continued through

the first quarter of the fiscal year culminating in an agreement covering some

253 Panama Canal Pilots. The contract became effective on January 2, 1981. On February 12, 1981, the Federal Labor Relations Authority

(FLRA) issued a decision relative to the remaining units of Commission

employees which could be considered appropriate for collective bargaining

and ordered that a self-determination secret ballot election be held to permit

employees to select their exclusive union representatives. The Commissionwide election was conducted on May 5-6, 1981. At the close of the fiscal year, the unions which won the election

(International Association of Fire Fighters, Local 13, the Maritime/Metal

Trade Council Coalition; and the Marine Engineers Beneficial Association,

District 1) were awaiting final Federal Labor Relations Authority decision

and certification as to the exclusive representatives of the four bargaining

units found by the FLRA to be appropriate in the Panama Canal

Commission. Together, when certified by the FLRA, these unions will represent approximately 8,300 employees or 96% of the Commission labor

force.

Chapter V

FINANCIAL REPORT

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 1981

The United States of America and the Government of Panama signed the Panama Canal Treaty of 1977 and a Treaty Concerning the Permanent

Neutrality and Operation of the Panama Canal on September 7, 1977. The

Treaties were ratified by both countries and entered into force on October 1

,

1979. The Panama Canal Act of 1979 (Public Law No. 96-70) was passed by

the Congress of the United States on September 27, 1979. This Act provided

the legislation necessary for the implementation of the Panama Canal Treaty

of 1977 and for the operation and maintenance of the Panama Canal under

the Treaty. This Act also established the Panama Canal Commission as an

appropriated fund agency of the United States Government. As such,

operational and capital funds of the Panama Canal Commission are

specifically authorized and appropriated by law. The Panama Canal Treaty of 1977 resulted in liquidation of the Panama

Canal Company and the Canal Zone Government, effective September 30, 1979. At liquidation, $84.2 million of fixed assets at net book value and $0.7

million of other assets were transferred at no cost to the Government of

Panama. At the same time, $34.9 million of fixed assets at net book value

and $1.4 million of other assets were transferred to other government

agencies at no cost. At liquidation, all unexpended balances of the appropriation accounts of the Canal Zone Government were covered into the general fund of the U.S. Treasury. At the same time, all unexpended

funds of the Panama Canal Company were covered into the U.S. Treasury to a special account known as the Panama Canal Commission Fund.

During the fiscal year ended September 30, 1981, the Panama Canal

Commission deposited into the U.S. Treasury (Panama Canal Commission

Fund) $409.7 million, consisting of receipts derived from tolls for the use of

the Panama Canal and from all other collections of the Panama Canal

25
26 FINANCIAL REPORT

Commission. During fiscal year 1981, the Congress of the United States appropriated to the Commission from the Panama Canal Commission Fund

$764,610,000 (Public Law Nos. 96-400, 96-536 and 97-12). Of that amount,

$370,351,000 was for operating expenses of the Commission for that year, $350,000,000 for repayment to the general fund of the U.S. Treasury of the

fiscal year 1980 appropriation, $31,560,000 for Commission capital outlay,

$10,000,000 for establishment of the Panama Canal Emergency Fund, and

$2,699,000 for payment to the Government of Panama of fiscal year 1980 net revenues pursuant to paragraph 4(c) of Article XIII of the Panama Canal

Treaty of 1977. Of the fiscal year 1981 operating appropriation, $17.3

million remained unobligated at year end and will be returned to the U.S. Treasury. In addition to the return of these unobligated fiscal year 1981 operating funds, $14.2 million of the fiscal year 1980 operating

appropriation were deobligated during fiscal year 1981 and will also be

returned to the U.S. Treasury. Of the capital appropriation for fiscal year

1981, $24.7 million were obligated, with the balance of funds being retained

by the Commission for obligation during subsequent fiscal years. Of the $3.6

million unobligated balance of fiscal year 1980 capital appropriation, $2.3

million were obligated during fiscal year 1981. The financial statements of the Panama Canal Commission, appearing as Tables 1 through 6, with accompanying notes, present the financial position

of the Commission at September 30, 198 1 and the results of its operations for the fiscal year then ended.

The accounts and statements of the Panama Canal Commission have been

examined by the General Auditor of the Commission and by the U.S. General Accounting Office. Detailed audit reports of the U.S. General

Accounting Office are directed to the Congress and are presented as Congressional documents.

Summary information concerning operating results and capital expenditures follows:

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Net loss from operations amounted to $0.9 million. This amount will be

recovered from subsequent revenues as required by section 1602(b) of the Panama Canal Act of 1979 (Public Law No. 96-70).

CAPITAL EXPENDITURES

Capital expenditures for fiscal year 1981 amounted to $25.6 million. The

principal expenditures were $9.2 million for purchase of tugboats, $3.2

million for channel improvements, $3.0 million for purchase of towing

locomotives, $1.8 million for purchase of dredge launches and $1.1 million

for construction of a launch repair facility.
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 27 PRICE-LEVEL ADJUSTED STATEMENTS

The balance sheet and the statement of operations presented on the conventional basis of historical costs are also separately presented to show

the impact of inflation on the balance sheet and the results of operations.

These price-level statements, accompanied by an explanation of the methodology of their preparation, follow the notes to the regular financial statements.
28 FINANCIAL REPORT

Table 1.— Balance Sheet

Assets 1981 1980 Property, Plant and Equipment:

At cost (Note 2c) $866,931,982 $843,465,642

Less accumulated depreciation and valuation allow- ances (Note 2c, 3, and 4) 400,615,590 384,231,884

466,316,392 459,233,758

Current Assets: Fund balances and cash (Note 5): Operating funds: Obligated 59,433,349 76,894,964 Unobligated to be returned to the U.S. Treasury

(Tables 3A and 3B) 31,512,246 19,842,317 Capital funds 25,475,158 20,186,122 Emergency fund 10,000,000

Postal fund 169,352 186,784 Trust fund 1,196,306 1,360,268 Cash receipts for deposit into U.S. Treasury 368,145 1,661,600 128,154,556 120,132,055

Accounts receivable, less allowance for doubtful accounts of $125,760 and $705,648, respectively (Note 2f) 1 1,278,598 21,961,458 Other receivables (Note 6) 1,201,581 5,153,925

12,480,179 27,115,383

Inventories, less allowance for obsolete and excess stock of $717,561 and $481,529, respectively (Note 2g) 40,284,331 25,743,294 Other current assets 360,073 1,510,079

181,279,139 174,500,811

Other Assets:

Deferred charges: Retirement benefits to certain former employees

of predecessor agencies (Note 2h) 12,416,000 Other 1,020,532 13,436,532 Unrecovered costs due from subsequent revenues (Notes 2b and 7) 917,258

14,353,790 Total Assets $661,949,321

13,412,000

1,272,140 14,684,140

14,684,140

$648,418,709
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 29

September 30, 1981 and 1980

Liabilities 1981 1980 Investment of the United States:

Invested capital: Interest-bearing (8.402% and 7.096%, respectively) (Note 8) $128,419,111 $148,246,061

Non-interest-bearing 249,101,935 236,530,780

377,521,046 384,776,841 Current budgetary accounts (Note 5): Obligated operating funds 59,433,349 76,894,964 Obligated capital funds 17,371,012 16,630,877 Unobligated capital funds 8,104,146 3,555,245 Unobligated emergency fund 10,000,000 94,908,507 97,081,086 472,429,553 481,857,927 Current Liabilities: Accounts payable: U.S. Treasury—Unobligated operating funds to be

returned (Tables 3A and 3B) 31,512,246 19,842,317 U.S. Government agencies (Note 9) 19,367,682 13,972,693 Government of Panama 8,397,367 7,004,420 Other 3,672,626 6,468,939

62,949,921 47,288,369 Accrued liabilities: Employees' leave 34,711,831 32,814,578

Salaries and wages 5,278.400 4,339,009 Retirement benefits to certain former employees of predecessor agencies (Note 2h) 1,506,000 1,613,000 Employees' repatriation 2,427,000 1,991,000 Damages to vessels (Notes 6 and 10) 1 1,514,828 30,272,398 Net revenue payable to Government of Panama

(Note 11) 2,699,181 Other 1,120,525 2,658,193 56,558,584 76,387,359 Other current liabilities: Advances for capital (Note 2d) 16,785,190 6,909,190 Unfunded damages to vessels (Notes 6 and 10) 13,870,414 7,213,170 Other 1,195,849 1,369,035 31,851,453 15,491,395

151,359,958 139,167,123 Long-Term Liabilities and Reserves:

Retirement benefits to certain former employees of predecessor agencies (Note 2h) 10,910,000 1 1,799,000 Employees' repatriation 10,086,000 8,188,000 Lock overhauls (Note 2i) 7,965,051 5,028,517 Casualty losses (Notes 2j and 12) 9,198,759 2,378,142 38,159,810 27,393,659 Total Liabilities $661,949,321 $648,418,709 The accompanying notes are an integral part of this statement.

PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 31

Table 2.— Statement of Operations and Non-Interest-Bearing Investment

Fiscal Years Ended September 30, 1981 and 1980

1981 1980 Operating Revenues:

Tolls (Note 2b) $303,080,358 $293,443,942 Advances for capital (Note 2d) (9,876,000) (6,909,190) Net tolls revenue 293,204,358 286,534,752 Other 94,822,263 82,874,355 Total operating revenue 388,026,621 369,409,107

Operating Expenses:

Payments to the Government of Panama (Note 1 1): Public services 10,000,000 10,000,000 Fixed annuity 10,000,000 10,000,000 Tonnage 56,862,970 54,952,599

76,862,970 74,952,599 Maintenance of channels and harbors 29,598,168 29,279,427 Navigation service and control 65,799,050 55,169,624 Locks operation 41,049,238 31,485,789 General repair, storehouse, engineering and maintenance services 1 1,209,161 8,522,796 Transportation and utilities 36,221,226 36,235,740 Housing operations 6,677,494 8,178,834 General and administrative 69,979,767 70,179,784

Interest 11,254,119 11,938,624 Other 40,292,686 40,766,709

Total operating expenses 388,943,879 366,709,926 Net Revenue (Loss) (Notes 2b, 7 and 11) (917,258) 2,699,181 Invested Capital—Non-Interest-Bearing:

Investment at beginning of fiscal year 236,530,780 226,897,674 Net revenues payable to Government of Panama

(Note 11) (2,699,181) Unrecovered costs transferred to other assets (Notes 2b and 7) 917,258 Funds covered into the U.S. Treasury 1,661,600 (643,918) Due U.S. Treasury for undeposited receipts (368,145) (1,661,600) Plant reactivations 23,58 1 Interest on investment 1 1,254,119 11,938,624 Investment at End of Fiscal Year $249,101,935 $236,530,780 The accompanying notes are an integral part of this statement.
32 FINANCIAL REPORT

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PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 33

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34 FINANCIAL REPORT

Table 4.— Statement of Changes in Financial Position

Fiscal Years Ended September 30, 1981 and 1980

1981 1980 Source of Funds: F%?vP

en

rua

e i0n' : $388,026,621 $369,409,107

Less operating expenses: ..,U)I(I , , Q

, 8

, 1A

Interest on net direct investment 11,254,119 11,938,624 Payments to the Government of Panama ^^ ^^

otherexpense;:::::::::::::::::::^ 300,826,790 279,818,703 Total operating expenses 388,943,879 366,709,926

Net revenue (loss) (Notes 2b, 7 and 11) (917,258) 2,699,181

Add transactions not requiring outlay of funds: ,,-.„.

Depreciation (Note 2e) 17,813,844 17,779,979 Amortization and adjustment of deferred „, ,„_ .- -„_

items 251,607 45,207

Provision for Canal lock overhauls (Note 2i) . 3,093,000 2,727.000 Provision for casualty losses (Note 2j) 12 ^°°-000 °'671,433 Sl^.^.^.1 ?^^: "":»" 2:674;1 59 jilio

Total source of funds 46,369,471 49,564,114 Application of Funds: . Canal lock overhauls expenditures 1 56,466

J'JfJ'JJ° Casualty losses XJ/y.jsJ v,zi4,uvz Accrued capital' expenditures ?o'2£'m $ II'5?n 5S

Reduction in equity of the United States 18,509,914 44,370,747

Total application of funds 49,611,399 76,115,310

Increase (Decrease) in Working Capital $(3,241,928) $(26,551,196)

Increase (decrease) Current Assets:

$(1,474,849) $(186,564) Receivables

'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'..... (14,635,204) (1,319,1 16) ^ventories

'. 14,541,037 (901,330) Other (1,150,006) (582,121)

(2,719,022) (2,989,131) CURSuL

nfsBpayab

S

le (3.991,623) (.8,901.467) Sirffl

^::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: dS:^ ,,!&%)

(522.906) (23.562.065)

Increase (Decrease) in Working Capital $(3.241.928) $(26.551.196)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of this statement.
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 35

Table 5.— Statement of Status of Appropriations

September 30, 1981 and 1980

Source of Appropriations (Tables 3A and 3B): Funds reserved at FY 1980 year-end for payment of

liabilities and undelivered orders, operating appropriations, brought forward $76,894,964 $ Appropriations for operating expenditures 373,050,000 427,158,000 Appropriation for repayment to the General Fund of

the U.S. Treasury for the FY 1980 appropriation .

.

350,000.000 Restoration of FY 1980 operating appropriation 4,892,198 Funds reserved at FY 1980 year-end for payment of

liabilities and undelivered orders, capital appropriations, brought forward 16,630,877 Unobligated balance of FY 1980 capital appropriation

(no year) retained, brought forward 3,555,245 Appropriations for capital expenditures (no year) .... 31,560,000 36,625,000 Emergency fund (no year) 10,000,000 Total $866,583^84 $463,783,000

Application of Appropriations (Tables 3A and 3B):

Expenditures from capital appropriations:

Fiscal year 1980 $14,734,646 $16,438,878

Fiscal year 1981 1 1,536,318 Funds reserved for payment of liabilities and

undelivered orders, capital appropriations:

Fiscal year 1980 4,162,768 16,630,877

Fiscal year 1981 13,208,244 Unobligated balance, capital appropriations (no year)

retained: Fiscal year 1980 1,288,708 3,555,245

Fiscal year 1981 6,815,438 Expenditures from operating appropriations 363,891,567 330,420,719 Expenditures from operating appropriations for repayment to the General Fund of the U.S. Treasury

for the FY 1980 appropriation 350,000,000 Funds reserved for payment of liabilities and

undelivered orders, operating appropriations 59,433,349 76,894,964 Unobligated balance, operating appropriations lapsed 31,512,246 19,842,317 Unobligated emergency fund (no year) retained 10,000,000 Total $866,583,284 $463,783,000

The accompanying notes are an integral part of this statement.
36 FINANCIAL REPORT

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PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 37 NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

1. Treaty Impact.

On September 7, 1977 the United States of America and the Government

of Panama signed the Panama Canal Treaty of 1977, hereafter referred to as the Treaty, and a Treaty Concerning the Permanent Neutrality and

Operation of the Panama Canal. These Treaties were ratified by both

countries and entered into force on October 1, 1979. The Treaty terminated

all prior treaties between the United States and Panama concerning the Panama Canal. On September 27, 1979, the United States Congress passed

the Panama Canal Act of 1979 (Public Law No. 96-70), hereafter referred to

as the Act, to provide legislation necessary for the implementation of the Treaty and for the operation and maintenance of the Panama Canal under

the Treaty.

The Treaty provided for the Government of Panama to assume complete

sovereignty over the former Canal Zone, and to gradually assume control of

the operation and defense of the Panama Canal over the period 1979

through 1 999. The Treaty also provided for the establishment of the Panama

Canal Commission on October 1, 1979 to assume certain operational

responsibilities that previously were the responsibilities of the Panama

Canal Company and the Canal Zone Government.

When the Treaty terminates on December 31, 1999, all of the assets of the Panama Canal Commission will have been transferred to the Government of

Panama based upon the prescriptions of the Treaty and the Act. The effects of these long range requirements are not considered in the financial statements.

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies.

a. Accounting and reporting. As required by section 131 1(a) of the Act,

the accounts of the Commission are maintained pursuant to the Accounting

and Auditing Act of 1950. This requires that the principles, standards and

related requirements for accounting, as prescribed by the Comptroller

General of the United States after consulting with the Secretary of the Treasury and the Director of the Office of Management and Budget

concerning their accounting, financial reporting and budgetary needs, be

met. The Accounting and Auditing Act of 1950 also requires that the accounts be maintained on an accrual basis.

b. Cost recovery. As required in section 1341(e)(1) of the Act, the application of generally accepted accounting principles to the Panama

Canal Commission, a U.S. Government agency comparable to a rate- regulated public utility, determines the manner in which costs are

recognized. The basis for tolls rates is prescribed in section 1602(b) of the Act.
38 FINANCIAL REPORT

This section of the Act, known as the "statutory tolls formula," provides

that:

"Tolls shall be prescribed at rates calculated to produce revenues

to cover as nearly as practicable all costs of maintaining and

operating the Panama Canal, together with the facilities and

appurtenances related thereto, including unrecovered costs incurred on or after the effective date of this Act, interest, depreciation, payments to the Republic of Panama pursuant to para- graph 5 of Article III and paragraph 4(a) and (b) of Article XIII of

the Panama Canal Treaty of 1977, and capital for plant replacement, expansion, and improvements. Tolls shall not be prescribed

at rates calculated to produce revenues sufficient to cover pay- ments to the Republic of Panama pursuant to paragraph 4(c) of

Article XIII of the Panama Canal Treaty of 1977." Under this statutory tolls formula, any unrecovered costs are to be

recovered from subsequent revenues. The amount for recovery from

subsequent revenues is transferred from Invested Capital to an account

within the Other Assets classification. Unrecovered costs are charged back

to Invested Capital to the extent subsequent annual revenues exceed annual

costs.

c. Property, plant and equipment. Property, plant and equipment are recorded at cost or, if acquired from another Government agency, at the value determined by the Director of the Office of Management and Budget.

Administrative and other related general expenses are recovered currently

and therefore not capitalized. The cost of minor items of property, plant and

equipment is charged to expense as incurred.

d. Advances for capital. A portion of tolls in excess of depreciation

recoveries may be programmed annually by the Board of Directors for plant

replacement, expansion, or improvements. Such funds are considered

capital advances from Canal users. Upon utilization, these advances are amortized through an offset to depreciation expense in an amount

calculated to approximate the depreciation on assets acquired with such

advances.

e. Depreciation. Depreciation is provided using a straight-line method

with additional annual depreciation, identified as composite, to provide for premature plant retirements.

f. Accounts receivable. Uncollectible accounts receivable of the Panama Canal Commission are recognized as a reduction in revenue when

written off. Any subsequent collections of Commission accounts receivable

previously written off will be recorded as revenue. The allowance for doubtful accounts which appears on the Commission books is applicable

only to the receivables of predecessor agencies.
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 39

g. Inventories. Operating materials and supplies are stated at average

cost, plus cost of transportation to the ultimate destination on the Isthmus

of Panama. An allowance has been established to reflect the estimated cost of obsolete and excess stock.

h. Retirement benefits. Employer payments to the contributory Civil Service Retirement System or to the Republic of Panama Social Security

System are charged to expense. The Commission has no liability for future payments to employees under these systems.

Non-United States citizen employees who retired from predecessor

agencies prior to October 5, 1958 are not covered by the Civil Service

Retirement System but do receive benefits under a separate annuity plan.

The amounts of the payments made under this annuity plan are recorded as a current-year expense. The liability of the Commission for future annuity

payments to these former employees or their eligible widows is reflected in the balance sheet as "Retirement Benefits to Certain Former Employees of

Predecessor Agencies" and an equal amount is recorded as a Deferred

Charge.

As required by the Panama Canal Act of 1979, the Panama Canal

Commission is liable for the increase in the unfunded liability of the Civil Service Retirement Fund which is attributable to benefits payable from that fund to, or on behalf of, employees and their survivors under the early

retirement provisions of the Act. The annual installment to liquidate the increased liability is determined by the Office of Personnel Management.

i. Reserve for lock overhauls. A reserve is provided through an annual

charge to expense to cover the estimated cost of periodic lock overhauls.

j. Reserve for casualty losses. A reserve is provided through an annual

charge to expense to cover the estimated cost of marine accidents and other

casualty losses.

k. Housing use rights. No monetary value is assigned to the rights

granted to the United States by the Republic of Panama to use Canal Area

housing transferred to the Republic under the terms of the Treaty. The cost

to manage, maintain and provide livability improvements to these quarters

is charged to expense. Rental income is included in other revenues.

3. Plant Valuation Allowances.

At July 1, 1951, certain valuation allowances for property, plant and

equipment being transferred from the Panama Canal (agency) to the Panama Canal Company and the Canal Zone Government were established

to reduce to usable value the costs of the assets transferred. At October 1, 1979, such valuation allowances as were applicable to the assets being

transferred from the Panama Canal Company and the Canal Zone

Government to the Panama Canal Commission were carried forward. At

September 30, 1981 and at September 30, 1980, these valuation allowances
40 FINANCIAL REPORT

amounted to$l 16.6 million comprised of: (a) $5.9 million to reduce to usable

value the cost of property, plant and equipment transferred; (b) $50.9 million

to offset interest costs imputed for the original Canal construction period;

and (c) $59.8 million to offset the cost of defense facilities and suspended

construction projects, the latter being principally the partial construction of

a third set of locks abandoned in the early part of World War II. Property, plant and equipment offset by valuation allowances, when fully or partially reactivated, are reinstated by a reduction in the valuation

allowance and by an increase to the non-interest-bearing net direct investment of the United States in proportion to the value to the Commission of the reactivated asset.

4. Depreciation as a Percentage of Average Cost of Plant. The provision for depreciation, expressed as a percentage of average cost of depreciable plant exclusive of valuation allowances, was 2.41% for fiscal year 1981 and 2.46% for fiscal year 1980.

5. Fund Balances and Cash.

The fund balances and cash of $128,154,556 are made up of $123,419,659 on deposit in the U.S. Treasury, $2,837,8 1 2 on deposit in commercial banks,

and $1,897,085 on hand. Of the total, $94,908,507 is comprised of current budgetary accounts which include appropriated funds for operations,

capital and the emergency fund. The emergency fund represents the amount

on deposit in the U.S. Treasury which is to be used ". . . to defray emergency

expenditures and to insure the continuous efficient and safe operation of the Panama Canal when funds appropriated for the operation and maintenance

of the Canal prove insufficient for such purposes. . . ."The fund balances and

cash are composed of the following:

Millions ofdollars Operating and capital funds $84.9

Emergency fund 10.0 Unobligated funds to be withdrawn by the U.S. Treasury 31.5 Postal fund 0.2 Trust fund 1.6 Fund balances and cash S128.2

The postal fund consists of outstanding money orders, postal savings and

interest accrued thereon. This fund will remain available until liquidated.

The trust fund primarily includes deposits made by customers for future

tolls, other service payments, and undeposited receipts.

6. Other Receivables.

Other receivables represent services provided in connection with ship

accidents for which the Commission is considered to be at least partially

responsible. The amounts are included in the computation of estimated

liabilities established for damages to vessels.
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 41

7. Unrecovered Costs Due from Subsequent Revenues.

Pursuant to the provisions of section 1602(b) of the Panama Canal Act of

1979 (Public Law No. 96-70) the net loss from operations of $0.9 million was

deferred as an unearned cost to be recovered from subsequent revenues.

Also, in accordance with section 1341(e) of that Act such unearned costs must be deducted from any future net operating revenues due Panama.

8. Interest-Bearing Net Direct Investment. The interest-bearing net direct investment of the United States in the Panama Canal is computed based on section 1603(a) of the Panama Canal

Act of 1979. Computations are as follows:

Million* ofdollars Interest-bearing investment from predecessor agency: From Panama Canal Company $319.3 Transfer to Government of Panama (74.7) Transfer to Department of Defense (1.0) Transfer from Canal Zone Government 15.3 Panama Canal Company cash turned into the U.S. Treasury (71.3) Assumed by the Panama Canal Commission, October 1, 1979 187.6

Fiscal year 1980 transactions: Disbursments 346.9 Receipts (384.2) Net property transfers (2.1) Investment at September 30, 1980 148.2

Fiscal year 1981 transactions: Disbursements 390.2 Receipts (409.7) Net property transfers (0.3) Investment at September 30, 1981 $128.4

9. Accounts Payable—U.S. Government Agencies.

Included in the accounts payable due to U.S. Government agencies are

ship accident and other claims in the amount of $16.8 million that were

forwarded to the Department of Justice in Washington, D.C. after reaching

a settlement or receiving a judgement for approval for payment.

10. Claims for Damages to Vessels.

Liabilities arising from claims for damages to vessels are divided into fund

and non-fund categories. The fund category is made up of the following:

a. Accidents which occurred prior to October 1, 1979.

b. Accidents which occurred within the Canal locks after September 30, 1979.

c. Accidents which occurred outside the locks after September 30, 1979, for which the claim or estimated liability is $120,000 or

less per ship per accident.

Settlement of liabilities for ship accidents which occurred outside the locks where the claim exceeds $120,000 requires specific Congressional

approval. For this reason, until approval is received, liabilities for these accidents are booked as non-fund.
42 FINANCIAL REPORT

11. Payments to the Government of Panama.

Based on Article III and Article XIII of the Treaty, the Government of

Panama has received payment for public services, fixed annuity and thirty cents per net ton. In addition to these payments, net revenues for fiscal year 1980 in the amount of $2.7 million were paid to the Government of

Panama in accordance with paragraph 4(c) of Article XIII, which states that an annual amount of up to $10 million will be paid out of Canal operating revenues to the extent that such revenues exceed expenditures of the Panama Canal Commission. This amount is subject to the limitations

set forth in section 1341(e) of the Panama Canal Act of 1979 (Public Law

No. 96-70).

12. Reserve for Casualty Losses. The reserve for casualty losses at September 30, 1981 of $9.2 million

includes $8.2 million for marine accidents and $1.0 million for other. The

monthly accrual of reserve for marine accidents in fiscal year 1981 was $1.0

million per month for a total of $12.0 million.

13. Adjusted Billing for Services.

Revenues for fiscal year 1981 include $0.8 million for transit-related

services of the Canal Support Division which were inadvertently not recognized during fiscal year 1980, due to conditions arising out of the Treaty-related reduction-in-force process with its inherent disruption of a

trained staff. Collections of $0.7 million have been received. Revenues for fiscal year 1981 also include a net overbilling by Canal

Support Division for transit-related services, primarily due to misapplication of the Official Tariff. The net overbilling, estimated to be $291,000

consists of pilotage overcharges of $400,000 and tug service undercharges of

$109,000 evaluated at 90% and 95% reliability levels, respectively. The

precision of the estimate is plus or minus $100,000 for pilotage and plus or minus $173,000 for tug services. As of the balance sheet date, the known

adjustments are immaterial. Audit is being made and adjustments will be

recorded in fiscal year 1982.

14. Contingent Liabilities and Commitments.

The estimated maximum liability, in addition to liabilities taken into the accounts, which could result from pending claims and lawsuits was $4.4

million at September 30, 1981. In the opinion of management and

Commission counsel, these pending claims and lawsuits will be resolved with no material adverse effect on the financial condition of the agency. Commitments under uncompleted construction contracts and unfilled purchase orders amounted to $29.3 million at September 30, 1981. Of this amount, $0.3 million in unfilled purchase orders were prepaid. In addition,

the Panama Canal Commission is liable for an indeterminable amount with

respect to death and disability payments under the Federal Employees'

Compensation Act.
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 43

Cash and negotiable securities of a kind acceptable by the United States Government in the amount of $7.0 million were on deposit in a United States depository designated by the Panama Canal Commission at September 30, 1981 to guarantee payment by third parties of their obligations.

Section 1244 of the Panama Canal Act of 1979 (Public Law No. 96-70)

makes the Panama Canal Commission liable for that portion of any

estimated increase in the unfunded liability of the Civil Service Retirement

Fund which is attributable to the early retirement benefits extended in sections 1241 and 1242 and the provisions of 1231(b) and 1243(a) (1) of the

Act. As of September 30, 1 98 1 , the Commission's minimum liability through

September 30, 1999 amounted to approximately $350.7 million based on

information furnished by the Office of Personnel Management.

The Panama Canal Treaty of 1977, Article XIII, paragraph 4(c), provides

that an annual amount of up to $10 million per year be paid to the Government of Panama out of Canal operating revenues to the extent that such revenues exceed expenditures. In the event Canal operating revenues in any year do not produce a surplus sufficient to cover this payment, the unpaid balance shall be paid from operating surpluses in future years up to the amount available from these surpluses. As of September 30, 1981, the unpaid balance is $17.3 million.
44 FINANCIAL REPORT

Table 1-A.— General Price-Level

Assets Property. Plant and Equipment:

At cost Less accumulated depreciation and valuation allowances.

Historical Dollars General Price- Level Dollars

(Dollars in thousands)

$866,932

400,616

$2,706,136

1,317,714

466,316 1,388,422

Current Assets: Fund balances and cash: Operating funds: Obligated

Unobligated to be returned to the U.S. Treasury

Capital funds Emergency fund

Postal fund

Trust fund Cash receipts for deposit into U.S. Treasury

Accounts receivable —net Other receivables

59,433 59,433 31,512 31,512 25,475 25.475

10,000 10,000 170 170

1,197 1,197 368 368

128,155 128,155

11,278 11,278

1,202 1,202 12,480 12,480

Inventories: Materials and supplies—net.

Other current assets

40,284

360

181,279

41,533

360

182,528

Other Assets:

Deferred charges: Retirement benefits to certain former employees of predecessor agencies 12,416 12,416 Other L021 1.313 13,437 13,729

Unrecovered costs due from subsequent revenues 917 917

14,354 14,646

Total Assets $661,949 $1,585.596
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 45

Balance Sheet— September 30, 1981 (Unaudited)

Historical General Price- Dollars Level Dollars Liabilities ' (Dollars in thousands) ' Investment of the United States:

Invested capital: Interest-bearing $128,419 $896,452

Non-interest-bearing 249,102 396,129

377,521 1,292,581 Current budgetary accounts: Obligated operating funds 59,433 59,433 Obligated capital funds 1 7,37

1

1 7,37

1

Unobligated capital funds 8,104 8,104 Unobligated emergency fund 10,000 10,000 94,908 94,908

Current Liabilities: Accounts payable: U.S. Treasury—Unobligated operating funds to be

returned

U.S. Government agencies Government of Panama

Other

Accrued liabilities: Employees' leave

Salaries and wages

Retirement benefits to certain former employees of predecessor agencies

Employees' repatriation Damages to vessels Net revenue payable to Government of Panama . .

.

Other

472,429 1,387,489

Other current liabilities: Advances for capital Unfunded damages to vessels Other

Long-Term Liabilities and Reserves:

Retirement benefits to certain former employees of predecessor agencies

Employees' repatriation Lock overhauls Casualty losses

Total Liabilities

The accompanying notes summarize the methods employed in the preparation of this statement.

31,512

19,368 8,397

3,673

31,512

19,368 8,397

3,673 62,950 62,950

34,712

5,278 34,712

5,278

1,506 2,427

11,515

1,506 2,427

11,515

1,121 1,121 56,559 56,559

16,785

13,870

1,196

16,785

15,005

1,196 31,851 32,986

151,360 152,495

10,910

10,086

7,965 9,199

10,910 10,086

14,392

10,224 38,160 45,612

$661,949 $1,585,596
46 FINANCIAL REPORT

Table 2-A.— General Price-Level Income Statement for the Year Ended

September 30, 1981 (Unaudited)

Historical General Price- Dollars Level Dollars

(Dollars in thousands) Operating Revenues $388,027 $400,055

Operating Expenses: - Cost of goods sold 446 460

Interest 1 1,254 1 1,603 Operating expense 290,280 299,279

Administrative expense 69, 1 50 71 ,293 Depreciation 17,814 50,726

388,944 433,361

Operating revenue (loss) (917) (33,306) General price-level gain (loss) 5,554 Net Revenue (Loss) $(917) $(27,752)

The accompanying notes summarize the methods employed in the preparation of this statement. NOTES TO PRICE-LEVEL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

1. Methods employed in the preparation of the general price-level financial statements:

a. Historical dollars are restated in terms of purchasing power at the end of fiscal year 1 98 1 . The change in the value of money has been measured

by using the gross national product implicit price deflators provided by the U.S. Department of Commerce.

b. The restatement of revenues and expenses, except for depreciation,

reflects the change in purchasing power of the dollar during the current fiscal year. The restatement of depreciation expenses for the year is based upon the investment in property, plant and equipment revalued to reflect their ages. Property, plant and equipment and the investment of the United States are

restated from July 1, 1951, the date of the previous reorganization of the

enterprise, although the major proportion of the plant facilities, e.g., the Canal itself and the locks, were placed in service in 1914.

c. The net change in valuation of assets and liabilities, normally an

increase during a period of inflation, is credited to the investment.

d. Generally accepted accounting principles have been followed except

to reflect the change in the purchasing power of the dollar.

2. Price-level-adjusted cost of property, plant and equipment does not purport to be replacement cost.
Chapter VI

STATISTICAL TABLES

Shipping Statistics

47
48 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 1. —Panama Canal Traffic— Fiscal Years 1972 Through 1981

Trqffii assessed lolls on

Traffic assessed lulls displacement tonnage

Total traffic on net tonnage basis hu\i\

1972 1973

1974

1975 1976 *TQ

1977

1978 1979

1980

1981

I 1 I 1

1

1 Soother long tons Number Panama Somber Displacefjsial of of "/ Canal nei of mem

rear transits Tolls cargo iransii\ tonnage transits tonnage Oceangoing Commercial Trakkic

13.766 $98,764,959 109,233,725 13,714 112.971,201 52 214,681

13,841 111,032.088 126,104,029 13.796 126.203.549 45 152.025

14,033 119.422.568 147,906,914 1 3,984 135.715.628 49 200.376

1 3.609 141.898.218 140,101,459 13.565 135.053.680 44 171.006

12,157 134.204.402 117,212,266 1 2, 1 23 127.778.919 34 131.258 3.037 35.272.300 30,888.300 3,031 33.686.757 6 23.205

11,896 163.826.571 122.978.785 11.868 133,353.132 28 108.642

12,677 194.773.111 142.518.288 12.647 156.907.260 30 109.798

12.935 208.376,741 154.110.866 12.902 167.470.601 33 1 36.600

13.507 291,838.590 167.214.935 13.476 182.063.175 31 137.593

1 3.884 301.762,600 171,221,762 13.847 188.656.491 37 111.418

Oceangoing U.S. Government Traffic

413 $2,651,281 1.742,303 368 2.913,307 45 250.203 373 2,285.727 1,405,428 311 2.478.646 62 303.033 248 1,831,535 1.748.963 218 2.021.966 30 142.807

170 1.376,797 526,497 148 1.287.777 22 122.953 85 727.983 177,508 68 641.137 17 87.728

18 166.779 55.383 13 118,300 5 65.025

88 805.983 212.677 59 577.483 29 165.148

103 889.093 291.115 70 589,085 33 214.145

111 1.054.169 357.482 80 726,755 31 207.640

101 1,515.326 396,481 73 844.748 28 217.055

89 1.241.442 301,776 68 705.936 21 143.121

1972

1973 1974

1975 1976 *TQ

1977 1978

1979

1980

1981 Oceangoing Free Traffic1

1972 59 62.532

1973 24 12.810 1974 23 1975 7 1976 38 5.635 *TQ 4 1977 13 380

1978 5 1979 10 1 1980 6

1981 II

Total Oceangoing Traffic

1972 14.238 $101,416,240 111.038.560 14.128 115.961.258 110 488.159

1973 14,238 113.317,815 127,522.267 14.121 128,724.828 117 475.698

1974 14.304 121.254.103 149.655.877 14.213 137.793.958 91 370.427

1975 13,786 143,275.015 140.627.956 13.715 136.342.151 71 304.359

1976 12.280 134.932.385 117.395.409 12.208 128,442.910 72 260,641 *TQ 3,059 35,439,079 30.943.683 3.047 33.806.531 12 90.030

1977 11.997 164.632.554 123.191.842 11.935 133,951.867 62 284,170

1978 12,785 195.662,204 142.809,403 12.721 157,500.134 64 325.043

1979 13.056 209.430.910 154.468.349 12.990 168.201.883 66 346.434

1980 13,614 293.353.916 167.6! 1.416 13,552 182,909.609 62 359.458

1981 13.984 303.004.042 171.523.538 13.919 189.364.675 65 263.083

46 76,750 13 23,275

14 42.633 10 20.640

II 56.364 12 27.244

2 694 5 10.400

17 22.854 21 41.655

3 1.474 1 1.800

8 21.252 5 10.380

4 3.789 1 1.100

8 4,527 2 2.194

3 1,686 3 4.810

4 2.248 7 8.544
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 49

Table 1. —Panama Canal Traffic —Fiscal Years 1972 Through 1981 (Continued)

Fiscal rear

Total traffic

Traffic assessed lolls on

Traffic assessed tolls displacement tonnage on net tonnage basis basis dumber

of

transits

Long tons of

cargo

Number

of

transits

Panama

Canal net

I vnnage

Number Displace- of ment

transits tonnage Small Commercial Traffic

1972 1973 1974

1975

1976 TQ

1977

1978 1979

1980

1981

1972

1973 1974

1975 1976 •TQ

1977

1978 1979

1980

1981

1972

1973 1974

1975

1976 •TQ

1977

1978 1979

1980

1981

1972

1973

1974

1975 1976 •TQ

1977

1978 1979 1980

1981

777

722 826

804

745

204

759 792 936

788

791

$68,414

59.518 62,376

52,684 49,314

24,785 39,960 63,526

76,591 74,898

65.604

38,243 39,466 23,496

7.939 6,866

1,236 2,820

6,962

7,718 787

1.355

764

722 823

798 737

204

751 785 934

787

788 Small U.S. Government Traffic

148 $4,035

118 4,065

110 3.312 110 4.729 I 136 6.168 36 1,613 23 277 12,851 187 9,504 8 315 14,375 9 276 15.129 225 10.712 2 Small Free Traffic > 35

3129

35 31 40 50

14 5444

5547

50

10 20

3

47

2H

30

27

184

22

2548

29

16

17

21

1830

3114 5042

47

41

41

8 1 ,998 73,903 77,722

54,174

50,281 15,389 48,717

57,827 69,229

52,052 44,962

Total Panama Canal Traffic

15,198 $101,488,689

15,109 113,381,398

121,319,791 143.332,428

134,987.867 35,465,477

164,685,365 195,735,234 209,521,876

293,443,943

303,080,358

15,269

14,735

13,201 3,313

13.087

13,808 14,362

14,725 15,050

111,076,803

127,561,733

149,679,373 140,635.927

117.402,325 30,944,942

123,194,672

142,816,393

154,476,079

167,612,203

171,524,895

14,956

14,892

15,084

14,570

12,994 3,269

12,758

13,573 14,019

14,409

14,764

397

1.320 663

1,518 1,484 944

2,840

2,986

2,160

2,317

2,613

116,044,648 128,800,796

137,873,248 136,398,866

128,495,834 33,823,345

134,004,377

157,562.393 168,276.137

182.965,335

189,413,001

242

217

185

165 207

44 329

235

343 316

286

2,374

6ii

1,120

1,229

1,108 1,040 94

57 279

995 101 6,530 745 90 6,848 905 80 5,088

1,023 83 6,382

1,159 118 8,019

481 32 2,144 953 255 16,769

1,446 162 10,742 2,865 267 15,519

1.357 247 14.313

751 209 10,431

1.856

1,048 917

185 701 466

72 632

560

1,012

498,919 483,594

377,043 312,046

270,590

92,174

302,513 336,897

362.679

374,388

274,805

'Ocean traffic includes ships of 300 net tons and over, Panama Canal measurement, or of 500 displacement tons and over on vessels paying tolls on displacement basis (dredges, warships, etc.).

! Free traffic includes ships of the Colombian and Panamanian Governments and ships transiting for repairs

at the Commission operated facilities Includes vessels under 300 net tons. Panama Canal measurement (or under 500 displacement tons for vessels assessed on displacement tonnage).

•Effective 10-1-76 the fiscal year for all U.S. Government agencies was changed from July I through June 30, to October I through September 30 For continuity purposes, July, August, and September 1976 were designated the Transition Quarter
50 STATISTICAL TABLES

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PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 51

Table 3. —Canal Traffic 1 by Flag of Vessel —Fiscal Year 1981

Flag

Algeria Argentina

Australia Bahamas

Bangladesh Belgium Bermuda

Hul i \ ij Brazil Bulgaria Canada Cayman Islands Chile Colombia

Costa Rica Cuba

Cyprus Denmark

Dominican Republic

East Germany

Ecuador

Egypt

El Salvador

Finland France Ghana

Greece Honduras Hong Kong

Iceland

India Indonesia

Ireland

Israel

Italy Japan

Kuwait

Liberia Malaysia Malta Mexico Morocco

Netherlands New Guinea New Zealand

Nicaragua

Nigeria Norway Panama

People's Republic of China . . Peru

Philippines Poland

Portugal Qatar

Republic of China (Taiwan) . Saudi Arabia

Singapore South Africa South Korea

Spain Sudan Sweden

Switzerland Tonga

Tunisia Turkey

United Kingdom

United States Uruguay USSR

Venezuela West Germany

Yugoslavia

Zaire Total

Measured1 tonnage Number Panama

' Long

of Canal Registered tons oj

transits net gross Tolls cargo

3 46.169 54.784 $66,689 29.724

1 2.525 288.594

3.255 352.734

3.358

13 481.952 175.768

28 1 32.404 143.471 211.175 39.93

1

1 10.124 12.193 16.907 5.823 90 1.290.454 1.480.577 2.080.756 1.505.813

II 101,258 113.931 155.691 56.746

9 76.599 96.030 127,920 57.463

35 281.155 307.468 464,611 163.783

18 134.712 156.853 221.869 153,505

18 86.168 132.723 161.741 104,900

31 93.571 111.070 145.655 76,909

186 1.626.221 1.861.764 2.650.593 1. 141.641

118 1.428.026 1.559.050 2.336.468 1.105.868

8 7.663 10.238 12,072 2.408

120 696.526 816.785 1.138.025 566.857

III 517.605 615.661 849.248 363.683 278 4.365.042 5,502.899 7.164.352 3,141.857

7 40.531 46.847 64.356 47.514

43 266.442 306.865 400.450 107,422 270 1.939.310 2.335.318 3.11 1,463 1.201.680

4 71.304 82.254 113.335 91.279

1 1.143 166.262

1.146 193.870

1.520

12 275.447 288.225

86 1.489.791 1.525.91 1 2.500.559 I.I 79.1 17 2 19.703 26.008 32.904 9.771

1.510 18.729,682 21.641,836 30,143.921 23,522.250

81 411.692 503.381 636.92

1

137.924 4 82.604 100,913 132.336 112.120

2 8.044 9.616 13.433 14.168 60 905,470 1.099.657 1.476.584 1.197.593

17 155.600 169.247 259.852 133.362

10 142.277 168,280 237.603 227.640

37 693,638 929,362 1.158.375 488.785

140 1.663,506 2.012,916 2.713.402 1.195.069

1.146 17,421,807 16.001,319 27.714.101 9.795.683

6 69,958 88.458 112.712 46.774

1.738 29.072.728 30,595,630 46.781.209 30.328,925

17 232.661 276.617 388.436 388,200

8 89.172 103,506 148.917 111.568

54 890.228 1,075,395 1,380.113 913.785

8 18.858 18.092 28.287 5.987 219 2.244,837 2.623.192 3.655,438 1.557,023

1 3,330 145,315

3.895 169.366 4.429

5 242,676 52.489

7 59,507 67.200 96.486 47.772

3 23.469 27.415 39,193 23.145 400 7,231.291 8.001,584 11.838.268 6.091.772

1.503 15.247.286 15,225.258 24.429.995 13.957.211

102 1.454.563 1.746.586 2.335.027 1,931.310

261 2,545.238 2.993.395 4,155.419 2.774.526

158 1.898.200 2.140.963 3.142,750 2.148.494

101 680.205 762.715 1.126,346 469,888

13 189.564 236.606 281.535 112.058

1 2.551 2.904 4.260 797

134 2.589,291 3.293.570 4.266.520 1.716.377

1 6.645 8.123 11.097 9.846

158 2.011,418 2.056.541 3.209.663 1.835.798

7 56.345 67.572 84.494 30.232

182 2.627,226 3.259.985 4.360.761 3.149.818

132 792.334 857.588 1.285,060 607.161

2 17.358 20. 1 32 28,988 12.173

144 2.449.012 2.415.023 3.996,497 1.173.094

35 408. 1 77 488.263 667.488 336.074

1 1.257 1.41 1 2.099 857

2 36.258 41.914 60.551 38.196

8 165.200 211.761 278.534 279.079 844 11.375.157 13.643.717 18.559.105 10.477.359

2.149

1 39.706.723 45.501.628 683

3.887.903

60.950.489 626

5.739,347

35.358.000 547 3.538.802 1.908.205

51 204,516 237,099 305,616 47.518

251 3.966.368 4.707,260 6.521,233 3.564.501

1 18 1.203,739 1,402,1 19 1.953.795 1.267.504

1 8.082

188,656.491

9.448 13.497 $301,762,600

5.965

13.884 208.756.769 171.221.762

'Includes only commercial vessels of 300 net tons and over. Panama Canal measurement, or of 500 displacement tons and over on vessels paying tolls on displacement basis (dredges, warships, etc.)
52 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 3.— Canal Traffic 1 by Flag of Vessel— Fiscal Year 1981—Continued

NOTE. —In Canal traffic statistics, foreign naval vessels such as transports, supply ships, tankers, etc., with a measure- ment of 300 net tons (Panama Canal measurement) and over, and vessels of war, dredges, etc., with a displacement of 500

tons and over, are classified as oceangoing commercial vessels. Statistics on these vessels, except as relates to displace- ment tonnage, have been included in the table above. As displacement tonnage cannot be combined with net tonnage,

the following table shows statistics covering .17 vessels which transited the Canal during fiscal year 1981 and paid tolls on

displacement tonnage.

Flag Type

Canada Naval

Chile do

Ecuador do

France do

Mexico do

Netherlands Dredge Panama do

Peru Naval

Republic of China (Taiwan) do , South Korea do

Spain do

Turkey do

United Kingdom do

United States Floating drydock U nited States Dredge U nited States Naval Uruguay do

Total

Number Displace- of ment

transits tonnage Tolls 8 21,502 $19,997

1 3,673 3.416

2 2.278 2.119

4 21,553 20.044

1 1,500 1,395

2 15,482 14,398

1 1,691 1,573

8 12.794 11.898

1 2.700 2,511

1 3,200 2,976

I 3.400 3,162

I 2,850 2,651

1 4.280 3,980

1 6,300 5,859

2 6.682 6,214

! 860 800

1 673 626

37 111.418 $103,619

54 STATISTICAL TABLES

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PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 55 — •>£

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$51.81

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$14,065 0O(Nf

r-io^t rr • rM 1,070

10.727 43

$14,306

O vC rt — Tt rl m 30 <N rr • >CX(NO •

1.574

28,383

$37,748

Tt 30 30 00 • 30 3C vC Tt • (/} •

1,658

28,671 68

$38,196

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PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 57

Table 5. —Laden and Ballast Traffic by Flag of Vessel

Fiscal Year 1981

Flag

Algeria Argentina

Australia Bahamas

Bangladesh Belgium Bermuda

Bolivia

Brazil Bulgaria Canada Cayman Islands Chile Colombia

Costa Rica Cuba

Cyprus Denmark

Dominican Republic

East Germany

Ecuador

Egypt

El Salvador

Finland France Ghana

Greece Honduras Hong Kong

Iceland

India Indonesia

Ireland

Israel

Italy Japan

Kuwait

Liberia Malaysia Malta Mexico Morocco

Netherlands New Guinea New Zealand

Nicaragua

Nigeria Norway Panama

People's Republic of China . Peru

Philippines Poland

Portugal Qatar

Republic of China (Taiwan)

.

Saudi Arabia Singapore South Africa South Korea

Spain Sudan Sweden

Switzerland Tonga

Tunisia Turkey

United Kingdom

United States USSR

Venezuela West Germany

Yugoslavia

»Zaire Total

Sumner Panama 1 Number Panama

' of Canal nei of Canal net

transtt\ tonnage Toll, transits tonnage Tails

1 15.541 $25,954 2

1 30,628

2 525

$40,735

3 358

13 288.594

103.170 481.952

19 172.294 9 29.234 38.881

1 10.124 1.071.917 16.907 70 1. 790.101 20 218.537 290.655

7 61.818 103.236 4 39.440 52.455

9 76.599 266.690

127.920 32 445.372 3 14.465 19.239

16 125.593 209.740 2 9.119 12.129

8 79.827 133.311 2 6.341 8.434 24 62.368 104.155 7 31.203 41.500

161 1.424.420 2.378.781 24 201.801 268.395

106 1.285.862 2.147.390 12 142.164 189.078

6 5.529 9.233 2 2,134 2.838 97 622.487 1.039.553 23 74.039 98.472

103 473.039 789.975 8 44.566 59.273 237 3.996.606 6.674.332 41 368.436 490.020

5 30.734 51.326 2 9.797 1 3.030 22 135.536 226,345 21 1 30.906 174.105 226 1.559.007 2.603.542 42 380.303 505.803

3 54.414 90.871 1

1 16.890

1 143 22.4641 520

II 159.761 266.801 1 6.501 8.646

79 1.467.921 2.451.428 1 21.870 29.087

2 19.703 15.392.482 32.904

1.222 25.705.445 288 3.337.200 4,438.476

53 262.855 438.968 28 148.837 197,953

3 66.097 110.382 1 16.507 21.954

2 8.044 800.90813.433 56 1,337.516 4 104.562 1 39,067

17 155.600

142.277 693.638

1.473.350

259.852

237,603

1,158.375 2.460.494 16

10 37

124 190.156 252,907 946 13.362.053 22.314.629 200 4.059.754 5,399.473

5 57.848 96.606 1 12.110 16.106

1.436 23.871.725 39.863.875 302 5.201.003 6.917.334

16 232.343 388.013 1 318 423

8 89.172

572.691

148.917 30 956.394 23 317.537 422.324

4 9.429 15.746 4 9.429 12.541

170 1.927.668 3.219.205 47

1 317.169

1 110 421.835

5 145.315 51.006 242.676

6 85.180 1 8.501 11.306

1 23.469 6.531.327 39.193 352 10.907.316 48 699.964 930.952

1.193 12.204.505 20.381.523 309 3.042.781 4.046.899 83 I.I 77.8 17 1.966.954 19 276.746 368.072

228 2.230.453 3,724,857 25 314.785 418.664

153 1,818.071 3.036.179 5 80. 1 29 106.572 94 651.980 1.088.807 7 28.225 37.539

8 86.514 144.478 5 103.050 137.056

1 2.551 2.412.507 4.260

123 4.028.887 10 176.784 235.123

1 6.645

1,571.992 11.097130 2.625.227 28 439.426 584.437

4 28.103 46.932 3 28.242 37.562

173 2.539.925 4.241.675 8 87.301 116.110

115 670.863 I.I 20.341 16 121.471 161.556

2 17.358 2.174.443 28.988

123 3.631.320 21 274.569 365.177

31 366.509 612.070 4 41.668 55.418

1 1.257 36.258

165.200

10.076.957

2.099 60.551 275.884

16.828.518 130

2

7 713 1.298.200 1.726.606

1.389 23.904.926 39.921.226 756 15.801.797 21.016.390 454 3.037.473 5.072.580 93 501.329 666.768

35 98.852 165.083 16 105.664 140.533 230 3.664.598 6.119.879 21 301.770 401.354 99 1.037,712 1.732.979 19 166.027 220.816

1 8.082 149.258.108

13.497 11.156 $249,259,132 1.697 39.398,383 $52,399,849

Abo\e table involves only commercial \essels of 300 net tons or over. Panama Canal measurement
58 STATISTICAL TABLES

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Table 9.— Origin and Destination of Commercial Cargo Through the Panama Canal From Pacific to Atlantic During

Fiscal Year 1981 Segregated by Countries in Principal Trade Areas—Continued

To Europe

West Coast North America

United States:

Alaska Hawaii Mainland

Total United States

Belgium

9.352

Pen- East mark Germany

West Coast Canada

West Coast Central America

Coita Rica

El Salvador Guatemala Honduras

Mexico

Nicaragua Panama . .

.

Central America (other)1 Balboa. R.P.1 Total Central America

.Ill 523

1 . 1 .14 2.226

50.452

20.405

14.1 5.000

West Coast South America

Chile Colombia

Ecuador

Peru South America (other)1

155.368

3.048 55.X6X

1 .16.X I I 1.1.314

2.69.1

Total South America .164.409 Oceania

Australia 4. "-1 British Oceania

French Oceania New Zealand

Oceania (other)' Total Oceania

.17.141 26.46.1 1.1X0

Asia

China (Mainland) China (Taiwan) .

.

Hong Kong

Indonesia , Japan

Malaysia

Philippine Islands Singapore , South Korea

Asia (other)1 Total Asia

Grand total 1.296.398 Percent of Atlantic-Bound Cargo

50.452 25.702 256.870 518.750

25.702

2.671

256.870

378.240

3.575

1.976

7.942 405

51

56.550

13 7.846 32.706

10.9.17

518.750

816.302

3 1 .434 471

7.508

2.131 22.234

4.065

40.571

12.637

124.79223 40.464

125.838 20.226

Netherlands

6.421 26.634

1 .394.862

1.427.917

320.389

717

5.333 24.594

101 5.933

228.767

29.581

12.640 143.072

11.996

Ro- Spain/ United mania Portugal Sweden Kingdom V. S. S. R. Yugoslavia

41.960 104.846 138.154 80.386

161.428

3.743

104.846

97.541

1.515

1.942 2.950

6.979 94.164

1.486 4.355 629

138.154

166.965

14.783 134.288

149.071

709.172

9.463

94.1.8 1

3

6.195

8.746

12.9X6

2 29.609

30.149

94.407

24.608

9.002

34.968 M62

38 5.664

1.712

1. 191 19.030

155.759 297

6.728 124.862

1.221

5.628 990

11.818

30.361 22.803 414.668

48.471

44.122

70.884

10.100

West Germany

3.851

146.875 150.726

621.418

5.768 73.428

1.214

209.714

22.029

18.666 836

550

332.205

45X.759

124.463 49.177

144.697

12.570

Europe

(other)* 16.173

10.094 1.202.433 1.228.700

1.872.206

8.039 29.589

70

8.741 34.290

3.305 23.358

161.739 35.629

1 70.084 96.736

38.205

5.533 80.X42

6.060

21 7.787 237

3.449

5.495 9.072

331

1.614 222

1.581

25.682

2.233

5.018

500

1.014 X.29X

2.895

12.557 171.467

108.926

6I..17X 5.XI634.211

121.325 3.250 34.092

X0.58I 41.959

302 356

3.302

8.82.3 4.172 32.93.1

860.1X0 1.779.987 2.262.134

1.492 7.153

136.294 4X8.560 349.041 1.528.959 1. 483.938

48.585 281.207

1.009 1.418

1,511 26.66976 23.809

1 .034 10.095

1.078 7.1X2 29.866 44.015

1.972.466 4.035.913

1

Total 35.797

51.511 4.374.926

4.462.234

6.754.154

58.051

142.651 41.634

9.180 341.793 84.060

121.358 82.849 550

882.126

1.536.148 242.466 461.144

1.040.1 19 571.260

3.360 34.808 108.052 311.343 426.056 72.746 94.334 169.147 32.729 288.867 479.650 173.577 789.666 502.393 3.851.137

1 5.1.453 180.278

164.011 256.681 158.769 913.192

3.282 5.062 26.669

59.377

2.233

16.147

1 28.454

16.991.297

See footnotes at end of table.

Facet p. 74


76 STATISTICAL TABLES

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PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 77

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78 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 10.— Cargo Shipments by Trade Routes— Atlantic to Pacific

[Thousands of long tons]

1 19X1 I9H0 1979 ' East Coast United States to: West Coast United States 2,703 2.604 2,849 West Coast Canada 876 904 835 West Coast Central America 2.595 3.325 2.253 Balboa, R.P 232 271 501 West Coast South America 5.271 4.873 3.354 Chile 1.845 Colombia 459 Ecuador 686

Peru 2,108 Other 173 Hawaii 92 Oceania 2,136

Australia 1 ,554 New Zealand 199 Other 383

Asia 55,060 China 9,767 Taiwan 3,864 Hong Kong 353

Indonesia 446 Japan 32,806 Malaysia 55

Philippine Islands 440

Singapore 312 South Korea 5,242 Thailand 227 U.S.S.R 196 Other 1,352 Total 68,965 East Coast Canada to: West Coast United States 13 West Coast Canada 19 West Coast Central America 53 West Coast South America 194 Balboa, R.P

Oceania 200

Australia 99 New Zealand 25 Other 76 Asia 1,580 China 468 Taiwan 34 Hong Kong 53 Japan 775

Philippine Islands 10 South Korea 36 Thailand 3 U.S.S.R 60 Other 141 Total 2,059

1,786 1,146 508 474

845 748

1,592 877

142 109

81 84

2,502 1,944

1,728 1,278 277 262 497 404

50,083 46.522

6.266 4,702

3,642 3,582

391 385

508 238

32,141 29,127 34 II 571 355

385 351 4,248 5,459 253 434

310 673

1,334 1,205 64,643 58,342

51 289

47 34

186 126

3 2 224 209

136 123

18 21 70 65

1,486 1,785 243 424

128 55 56 34 894 996

1 5 29 III94 135 147

1,998 2.445

I \si Coast Central America to

West Coast United States 31 19 85 West Coast Central America 1,382 1,251 1.176 West Coast South America 91 70 39 Balboa, R.P 180 211 198
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 79

Table 10.— Cargo Shipments by Trade Routes— Atlantic to Pacific— Continued

[Thousands of long Ions]

East Coast Central America to—Continued

Oceania 13 Australia

j New Zealand 4 Other [[[[ 6 Asia 221 China 20 JaPan 136 Other 65 Total 1,9 18 East Coast South America to: West Coast United States West Coast Canada

West Coast Central America

West Coast South America

Chile Colombia

Ecuador

Peru Other

Balboa, R.P

Hawaii

Oceania

Asia China Japan 2,020 South Korea 259 U.S.S.R ,[[ 77 Other

' 3i Total 6,136

Cristobal, R.P., to: West Coast South America 3 Other territories 1 Total 4 West Indies to: West Coast United States 647 West Coast Canada 77 West Coast Central America 296

Balboa, R.P

" 339 West Coast South America 1117

Chile 427 Colombia g2 Ecuador 479

Peru 46

Other [ 83 Hawaii 253 Oceania 95

Australia 4 French Oceania 38 New Zealand 36 Other 17 Asia 1,121 China 420

10

1 16330

112

21 1,724

34

1,750

51

48

6,490

1979 I

5

3

1

1 17745

127

5 1,681

297 968 804

21 46 4

1 ,273 1,854 2,306

1,904 1,506 1,620

1,431 1,162 1,121 284 223 356

52 21 44

72 23 35 65 77 64

139 117 50

25 106 30

2 10 46

2,475 1,883 842

24 787

3

2*

5,701

1,024 1,024 4 39 396 682

250 295

751 529

108 182

161 116 378 154 25 5 79 72 433 238

192 366

28 81 62 64

72 121 30 100

1,047 1,571 423 510
80 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 10.— Cargo Shipments by Trade Routes—Atlantic to Pacific— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

West Indies to—Continued

Asia—Continued Taiwan

Indonesia Japan

Malaysia North Korea

North Vietnam

Philippine Islands Singapore South Korea

U.S.S.R

Other

Total Europe to: West Coast United States. .

.

West Coast Canada

West Coast Central America

Balboa, R.P

West Coast South America . Chile Colombia

Ecuador

Peru Other Hawaii

Oceania

Australia

British Oceania

French Oceania New Zealand Other

Asia Singapore

Taiwan

Hong Kong

Japan

U.S.S.R South Korea

Other

Total Africa to: West Coast United States. .

.

West Coast Canada

West Coast Central America

West Coast South America . Asia

Total Asia (Middle East) to: West Coast United States . .

.

West Coast Central America

West Coast South America . Asia Other territories Total

Total Cargo -Atlantic to Pacific

Fiscal year

1 1981 1980 1979

'

13 3

12 13 27 326 403 700

24 12

11 21 11 57 51 82

2 5 6 47 13 25

14 1 5 90 90 136

105 27 54

3,945 4,097

2,155

4,744

2,084 2,128 497 395 428

509 433 736

1,628 1,211 1,101 496 315 379 92 77 53 305 186 216

451 330 252

284 303 201

1 2 2 673 751 844

99 94 83

14 14 12 199 253 322

167 151 198 194 239 229

378 371 346

8 3 4

51 28 37

24 22 16 156 193 158

8 3 6

31 9 24

100 113 101 5,770 5,319 5,585

295 268 225

59 56 47

4 32 65

8 4 31 82 42 71 448 402 439

22 19 13 17 5 1 26 40 14 8

1 22 74 68 28

89,319 84,742 78,968
PANAMA CANAI COMMISSION 81

Table 11.— Cargo Shipments by Trade Routes— Pacific to Atlantic

[Thousands of long tons]

West Coast United States to

East Coast United States East Coast Canada

East Coast Central America

Cristobal, R.P

East Coast South America

Argentina

Brazil Colombia

Venezuela Other West Indies Puerto Rico Other Europe

Belgium

Denmark

East Germany

Finland France Greece

Italy Netherlands Poland Romania

Spain-Portugal

Sweden

United Kingdom

U.S.S.R

Yugoslavia West Germany

Other

Asia (Middle East)

Israel 36 Lebanon 23 Saudi Arabia 81 Other 34

Africa 2,145 Algeria 63 Egypt 1,576 Morocco 264 South Africa 1 54

Tunisia 81 Other 7 Total 36,667 West Coast Canada to: East Coast United States 1,018 East Coast Canada 194 East Coast Central America

Cristobal, R.P 1 East Coast South America 744

Argentina 2

Brazil 694 Colombia 3 Venezuela 43 Other 2 West Indies 192 Cuba 153

3 1,121

1 5446

8944

Fiscal rear

' 1981 1980 1979

25,256 21,316 14,370 26 4

11 24 22

12 5 49

435 480 486

8 9 27 202 274 293

10 16 14 205 157 134

10 24 18 4,197 3,401 4,020

3,164 2,651 2,836

1,033 750 1,184 4,411 4,978 4,594 234 409 393 50 89 161 26 32 30 4 1 257 183 347

18 77 18 519 449 387

1,428 1,418 1,386 80 11 16 42 17 54

105 376 248

138 97 76

134 190 188 9 151 26

61 28 1 151 221 135

1,129 1,226 1,157 174 34 30

27 3

2

5 471

8

19 89 47

193 2523

15244

35

30

11 30,713 23,660

1,009 466

1,398 203

2

1,225 526

5 410

49

53

9

14876
82 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 11.— Cargo Shipments by Trade Routes— Pacific to Atlantic— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

West Coast Canada to—Continued 1981 West Indies— Continued

Puerto Rico 38 Other 1 Europe 6,754 Belgium 640 Denmark 20 Finland 47 France 378 Greece 145

Irish Republic 42

Italy 816

Netherlands 320 Poland 161 Romania

Spain-Portugal 98 Sweden 1 67 United Kingdom 709 U.S.S.R 944 West Germany 62

1

Other 1,646 Asia (Middle East) 9_i Israel 91 Other

Africa L425

Algeria 224 Egypt 90 Morocco */U South Africa 160 Tunisia 440 Other 41_ Total 10,419 West Coast Central America to

East Coast United States 975

East Coast Canada 6 East Coast Central America 135

Cristobal, R.P 16 East Coast South America 40 West Indies 142 Europe 882 Belgium 4 Denmark 44

France 14

Italy 121 Netherlands 37 Poland 4 Spain-Portugal 114 Sweden

United Kingdom 20 U.S.S.R 36 Yugoslavia 48 West Germany 332 Other 108 Asia (Middle East) 16 Africa 46

Algeria 12 Libya 7 Other 27 Total 2,258

30

1,250

25

7 21

Fiscal year

1980 1979 '

25 44

20 28 8,169 6,715 580 624

203 268

504 402

202 85

29 56

1,098 808 630 489

298 106 52 33

186 258

56 53

1,121 1,012 891 156 625 679

1,694 1,686 30 4

4 967

257 309 62 2 311 185 243 216

338 211 39 44

12,238 9,963

993 1,461 26 10 44 1

41 62

139 103 981 1,204

7 6

51 128

16 10 155 162

100 119

11 2 75 81

8 23

3 3 58 52

17 27

170 177 310 414

15 27

53 44

13229 2,293 2,913
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 83

Table 11.— Cargo Shipments by Trade Routes— Pacific to Atlantic—Continued

[Thousands of long Ions] West Coast South America to: r~mi

East Coast United States 5,331 East Coast Canada 70

East Coast Central America 222

Cristobal, R.P 3 East Coast South America 1,807

Brazil 166 Colombia 972

Venezuela 550 Other 119 West Indies 2,879 Cuba 106 Netherlands West Indies 2,1 16 Puerto Rico 42

Trinidad / Tobago 33 Other 582 Europe 3,851 Belgium 364

Bulgaria 32 Denmark 3 East Germany 35 Finland 37 France 108 Greece 15

Irish Republic 54

Italy 311 Netherlands 426

Poland 73 Romania 94

Spain-Portugal 169 U.S.S.R 480 Sweden 33 United Kingdom 289 West Germany 790

Yugoslavia 1 74 Other 364

Asia (Middle East) 123 Iran 40 Lebanon

Saudi Arabia 54 Other 29

Africa 106 Total 14,392 Balboa. R.P. TO: West Indies 14 Other territories 4 Total [8 Hawaii to: East Coast United States 217 Europe 51 Other territories Total 268 Oceania to: East Coast United States 2,358 East Coast Canada 367

East Coast Central America 85

Cristobal, R.P 5 East Coast South America 48 West Indies 85 Cuba

1980 6,986

21 523

2

1,631

60

12

14 80

115

47

1 48

126

51

177

1979 ' 8,28134

1,624

13 1,876 73 48

1,106 1,483 386 274

66 71 3,291 2,556 76 118 2,513 1,935 176 149

41 83 485 271

5,541 4,512 460 357

10 24

19 19 48 81

18 41 174 167 38 9 24 27 359 375

451 519

127 186 806 110 280 278 413 185 42 23 288 306

949 1,025 531 221 504 559

166 15434

15 4164

197 18,276 19,247

25

10174

21 196

2,407 2,755 402 482

78 72

8 9 23 63

127 73
84 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 11.— Cargo Shipments by Trade Routes— Pacific to Atlantic— Continued

Oceania to—Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

Fiscal West Indies —Continued iviii 1980 iv?9 Jamaica 8 4 II Puerto Rico 40 38 17 Trinidad /Tobago 13 16 19 Other 24 69 24 Europe 913 1,309 1,422 Belgium 69 49 58 France 94 114 126

Italy 8 9 16 Netherlands 18 86 148 Norway 44 40 32 Poland 11 4 8 Spain-Portugal 2 16 33 Sweden II 12 8 United Kingdom 354 412 519 U.S.S.R 15 22 17 West Germany 49 219 265 Other 238 326 192 Africa 1 Total 3,861 4,354 4,876 Asia to: East Coast United States 11,398 11,263 11,298 East Coast Canada 298 306 338

East Coast Central America 302 208 240

Cristobal, R.P 152 151 150

East Coast South America 865 1,256 1,191 Argentina 35 29 20

Brazil 106 101 93 Colombia 114 288 171 Guayana 5 3 4 Surinam 14 10 21 Venezuela 47

1

700 782 Other 120 125 100 West Indies 866 986 850 Cuba 425 406 356 Haiti-Dominican Republic 76 125 100 Jamaica 59 52 48 Netherlands West Indies II 30 24 Puerto Rico 127 145 1 54 Trinidad/Tobago 76 136 106 Other 92 92 62 Europe 128 169 176 Belgium 11 59 France 9 15 6 Greece 6 8 1 Italy 4 20 17 Netherlands 33 35 5 Norway 2 I 2 Poland 1 4 Spain-Portugal I 16 8 Sweden 4 United Kingdom 7 1

7

28 West Germany 30 29 3 Other 36 16 39 Asia (Middle East) 7 || 10

Israel 6 10 10 Other I 1 Africa 4 24 Jo Total 14,020 14,374 14,263 Total Cargo Pacific to Atlantic 81,903 82,473 75, 143
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 85

Table 12. —Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific

I

I housands of long tons]

East Coast United States to West Coast

United States: Canned and refrigerated foods, miscellaneous Chemicals and petroleum chemicals

Caustic soda

Chemicals, unclassified Petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous Machinery and equipment, miscellaneous Manufactures of iron and steel Plates, sheets, and coils Tubes, pipes, and fittings Other and unclassified

Nitrates, phosphates, and potash

Ammonium compounds

Fertilizers, unclassified Phosphates

Ores and metals

Ore, alumina/ bauxite Petroleum and products Crude oil Diesel oil Fuel oil, residual Gasoline

Jet fuel Kerosene

Lubricating oil Other and unclassified Miscellaneous

All other and unclassified Total East Coast United States to West Coast

Canada:

Chemicals and petroleum chemicals

Caustic soda

Minerals, miscellaneous

Salt Nitrates, phosphates, and potash

Phosphates

Miscellaneous

Clay, fire and china

All other and unclassified Total

East Coast United States to West Coast

Central America:

Chemicals and petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous . .

.

Coal

GrainsCorn Sorghum

Soybeans Wheat

Other and unclassified Lumber and products, miscellaneous Machinery and equipment, miscellaneous Manufactures of iron and steel, miscellaneous

Fiscal war

1 1981 1980 1979 '

560

1 520

1 558 210 208 229

156 159 181 194 153 148

4 1 3 27 2 7 14 2

7

13 119 252 156

10 22 35

55 48 26

54 182 95 254 133 340

254 133 340

1,461 1,414 1,516 58 190 17466

75 175 92

757 143 389

108 312 417

5 25 330 534 353

128 60 278 281 268 278 281 268

2,703 2,604 2,849

13

13

9

9

21

21 844 851 804

844 851 804

32 41 1 29

3 41 905

1 876 835

16 17 10 277 557 377

1,408 2,230 1,285 552 1,191 194 235 414 323 416 384 356

199 217 391

6 24 21

3 1 4

8 1 2

1 10 24
86 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 12. —Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific —Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

East Coast United States to West Coast

Central America Continued

Minerals, miscellaneous Borax Soda and sodium compounds

Sulfur , Nitrates, phosphates, and potash

Ammonium compounds

Fertilizers, unclassified Phosphates

Potash Ores and metals

Metals, miscellaneous

Ores, miscellaneous Other agricultural commodities

Oilseeds Sugar

Petroleum and products

Gasoline

Fuel oil, residual Lubricating oil Miscellaneous

Flour, wheat

Paper and paper products Tallow

All other and unclassified Total

East Coast United States to West Coast

South America:

Canned and refrigerated foods, miscellaneous . Chemicals and petroleum chemicals

Caustic soda

Chemicals, unclassified Petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous Coal and coke

GrainsCorn

Oats

Rice Sorghum

Soybeans

Wheat

Other and unclassified Lumber and products

Pulp wood

Other and unclassified Machinery and equipment

Agricultural machinery and implements .

.

Automobiles, trucks, accessories and parts Construction machinery and equipment . . Electrical machinery and apparatus Other and unclassified

Fiscal vear

1 1981 1980 1979 '

II 11 19

5 II 19

5 621 399 382

79 44 16 376 267 203

164 45 146

2 43 17

11 1 21

8 1 21

3 136 28 59

13 28 59

12342

1

182

11

1 18 23 16 10

61 52 60

II 3 2 27 31

1

312 23 17 25

2,595 3,325 2,254

29 24 15 215 272 192 64 76 57

119 179 118 32 17 17 347 507 144 2,723 2,436 1,602 771 667 183

21 13 10 128 47 41

II 49 69

55 49 46

1,730 1,590 1,251

7 21 2

18 13 12 10 10 6

8 3 6 253 191 179 45 39 36

III 79 80

48 42 32

23 17 17 26 14 14
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 87

Table 12. —Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific— Continued

[Thousands of long Ions]

East Coast Unitfd States to West Coast

South America Continued

Manufactures of iron and steel Angles, shapes, and sections

Plates, sheets, and coils Tubes, pipes, and fittings Wire, bars, and rods Other and unclassified Minerals, miscellaneous Soda and sodium compounds

Sulfur Other and unclassified

Nitrates, phosphates, and potash

Ammonium compounds

Fertilizers, unclassified Fishmeal Phosphates

Potash Ores and metals

Ores, miscellaneous , MetalsScrap

Tin, including tinplate Other and unclassified Other agricultural commodities

Oilseeds .Sugar Other and unclassified Petroleum and products

Lubricating oil Other and unclassified Miscellaneous

Bricks and tile Carbon black

Clay, fire and china

Flour, wheat

Groceries, miscellaneous

Oil, coconut

Oil, vegetable

Paper and paper products

Resin Rubber, manufactured

Tallow

Textiles

All other and unclassified Total East Coast United States to Balboa, R.P.: Canned and refrigerated foods, miscellaneous GrainsCorn Wheat

Other and unclassified Machinery and equipment, miscellaneous Ores and metals, miscellaneous Petroleum and products

Diesel

Fiscal rear

' 1981 1980 1979 '

148 169 114 20 24 24

1 1 11 15 23 20 18 67 68 49

27 46 8 41 34 40

33 31 25

12 8 3 3 432 366 308

34 45 37

167 104 108

5 184 182 159 42 35 4 75 33 36

17 9 11 58 24 25 30 8 10

11 5 2

17 11 13 188 76

1

5 17 1 167 72

4 3 4 64 47 83

54 43 40

10 4 43

738 705 624

8 8 10

2 1 15 15 13 39 15 57

14 16 8

85 114 99

140 120 92

58 54 42

17 19 14 37 39 34

20 16 15 302 287 240

5,271 4,873 3,354

4 6 4 90 82 83

38 29 22

51 44 57

1 9 4

3 6 5

11 7 7 23 65 281 20 37
88 STATISTICAL TABLES

Fiscal tear

19X1 19X0 1979

61 242

3 4 2

101 105 121

15 10 19 86 95 102 232 271 501

41 26 42

Table 12. —Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific —Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

East Coast United States to Balboa. R. P. Continued

Petroleum and products —Continued

Fuel oil, residual Other and unclassified Miscellaneous

Oil, vegetable

All other and unclassified Total

East Coast United States to Hawaii:

Petroleum and products

Jet fuel Other and unclassified Miscellaneous

All other and unclassified Total

East Coast United States to Oceania:

Chemicals and petroleum chemicals

Caustic soda

Chemicals, unclassified Petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous Coal and coke

Grains

Rice Soybeans

Other and unclassified Lumber and products

Pulpwood

Other and unclassified Machinery and equipment

Agricultural machinery and implements .

.

Automobiles, trucks, accessories and parts Construction machinery and equipment . . Electrical machinery and apparatus Other and unclassified Manufactures of iron and steel, miscellaneous . Minerals, miscellaneous

Sulfur

Nitrates, phosphates, and potash

Ammonium compounds

Fertilizers, unclassified Phosphates

Potash Ores and metals, miscellaneous Petroleum and products

liquified gas Lubricating oil Petroleum coke

Other and unclassified Miscellaneous

Bricks and tile Carbon black

Clay, fire and china

Glass and glassware

29 42

12 26

51 55 42

51 55 42

92 81 84

602 671 579 458 453 439

113 181 109

31 37 31 33 20 II 44 29

1

126 43

1 253 6

2 6 II 2 5

1 92

13 26 20

4 II 3

1 4 2 6 5 7

3 2 6 5 4 7 4

58

58 8585

471 654 262

21 24 20

91 72 59 323 552 162 36 6 21

7 3 5 188 185 148 57 31 30

34 36 26 43 92 52 54 26 40

772 843

4 8071 36 2

21 15 36

2 5 3
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 89

21894

I 706

27

17166

717

2.502

229

63

110

163 156

105

27

22

19

1,944

Table 12. —Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific —Continued

f

1 housands of long tons]

E\si Coast United States to Oceania ""

Continued ivm imo 1979 Miscellaneous —Continued

Oil. vegetable

Paper and paper products

Resin Rubber, manufactured

Textiles

All other and unclassified Total

East Coast United States to Asia: Canned and refrigerated foods Canned foods, miscellaneous

Refrigerated foods

Fruit Meat

Other and unclassified Chemicals and petroleum chemicals

Caustic soda

Chemicals, unclassified Petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous Coal and coke

Grains

Barley Corn

Oats

Rice Sorghum

Soybeans

Wheat

Other and unclassified Lumber and products

Pulpwood

Other and unclassified Machinery and equipment

Agricultural machinery and implements

Automobiles, trucks, accessories and parts Construction machinery and equipment

Electrical machinery and apparatus Other and unclassified , Manufactures of iron and steel , Angles, shapes, and sections , Plates, sheets, and coils Tubes, pipes, and fittings Wires, bars, and rods Other and unclassified Minerals, miscellaneous

Nitrates, phosphates, and potash

Ammonium compounds

Fertilizers, unclassified Fishmeal Phosphates

Potash

Ores and metals Ores Alumina bauxite

215 192 214

4 4 5 211 188 209

113 102

2 84

129

97 79

1,708 1,683 1,594

31 160 128

1,219 1,102 1,088 458 421 378

17,818 13,490 10,254

24,851 22,460

25 22,464

9,320 10,395 12,433

3 6 329 162 99

2,044 2,586 1,657 5,932 6,294 5,613 7,167 2.905 2,627 56 93 29 292 319 139

1336

100

13 5 II 18 14 30

36 42 38 26 13 7

17 31 14 295 275 261

12 20 17

31 88 91 48 83 117 44 52 3 160

1 327 33

1 3,94

1

4,485 4,435

5 20 399

1 466

4 449

3.533 4,003 3,960

3 12 6

1,171 2,453 3,077 24 43 65

14
90 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 12.— Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

East Coast United States to Asia—

Continued

Ores and metals —Continued

Other and unclassified MetalsAluminum

Iron Scrap

Tin, including tinplate Other and unclassified Other agricultural commodities

Beans, edible Cotton, raw

Other and unclassified Petroleum and products

Gasoline

Liquefied natural gas Lubricating oil Petroleum coke

Other and unclassified Miscellaneous

Bricks and tile Carbon black

Clay, fire and china

Fibers, plant Flour, wheat

Groceries, miscellaneous Marble and stone

Oil, vegetable

Paper and paper products

Resin Rubber, manufactured

Tallow

Textiles Tobacco and manufactures

All other and unclassified Total 55,060

East Coast Canada to West Coast United States: Manufactures of iron and steel, miscellaneous 7 Ores and metals

Metal, iron Ores, miscellaneous Miscellaneous 6 Paper and paper products

Slag

All other and unclassified 6 Total j_3

Easi Coast Canada ro Wisi Coast Central America:

Manufactures of iron and steel, miscellaneous 27 Miscellaneous 26 Paper and paper products 16

All other and unclassified 10 Total 53

fiscal year

1981 mo

i 1979

24 29 64

1,147 2,410 3,012

25 57 7 4 2 17 1,089 2,275 2,906

22 26 47

7 50 35

185 505 330

2 15 170 494 294

13 11 21 230 394

11 513

1 85 73 172 57 172 170

58 69 138 30 69 32

4,243 3,715 3,140

4 3 5 25 24 4 278 337 301 43 21 16 144 19 12

11 9 7

11 22 24

93 131 104 540 240 74

127 87 83

8 10 II 4 34 5 241 156 48

54 53 82

2,660 2,569 2,364

225

2524

M

7 40

50,083 46,522

284

36 225

23 289

2947

10 _24

18 _6

34
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 91

Table 12. —Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific —Continued

[Thousands of long ions]

East Coast Canada to West Coast South Ami rica

(irainsBarley Other and unclassified Machinery and equipment, miscellaneous Manufactures of iron and steel, miscellaneous

Minerals, miscellaneous Asbestos

Sulfur Ores and metals Metals

Tin, including tinplate Other and unclassified Miscellaneous Paper and paper products

All other and unclassified Total

East Coast Canada to Oceania:

Miscellaneous Paper and paper products

All other and unclassified Total

East Coast Canada to Asia: Canned and refrigerated foods

Refrigerated foods

Fish Other and unclassified Chemicals and petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous . Grains

Barley Corn

Soybeans Wheat

Other and unclassified Lumber and products

Pulpwood

Other and unclassified Machinery and equipment, miscellaneous Manufactures of iron and steel, miscellaneous

Minerals, miscellaneous Asbestos Ores and metals

Ores, miscellaneous Metals

Iron Scrap Other and unclassified Other agricultural commodities

Oilseeds Petroleum and products Other and unclassified Miscellaneous

44

45

IX 27

4

3 8550

35

194

20046

154 200

7 3044

15 29

3

2 9742

55

224

61 163 224

21

21

5 7547

28

126

209

48

161 209

71 87 74

71 87 74

52 72 53

19 15 21

13 3 439 237 519

25

14 43 12 218 124 180

129 70 324

53

184 98 84

154 98 84

30

3 4 7 88

1 85

1 62

1

1 160

1 304

1 410

82 137 248

78 167 162

13 55 14 37 75 64

28 37 84

35

35

13

13 586 657 625
92 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 12.— Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

East Coast Canada to Asia —Continued

Miscellaneous—Continued

Paper and paper products

Resin

Slag

All other and unclassified Total • East Coast Central America to West Coast United

STATES: Petroleum and products

Liquefied gas Miscellaneous

All other and unclassified Total East Coast Central America to West Coast Central

AMERICA:

Minerals, miscellaneous

Sulfur

Nitrates, phosphates, and potash

Ammonium compounds

Phosphates

Fertilizers, miscellaneous Petroleum and products Crude oil Diesel oil Fuel oil, residual Gasoline Other and unclassified Miscellaneous

• All other and unclassified Total East Coast Central America to West Coast South

AMERICA:

Niirates, phosphates, and potash

Phosphates

Fertilizers, miscellaneous Petroleum and products Other and unclassified Miscellaneous Cement , All other and unclassified Total East Coast Centrai America io Balboa. R.P.: Petroleum and products

Diesel oil Fuel, oil, residual Gasoline Other and unclassified Total EaslCoasi Centrai America to Oceania:

Miscellaneous

All other and unclassified Total

Fiscal year

' 1981 1980 1979 '

107 131 86

19 2 1 17 18 17 443 506 521

1,580 1,486 1,785

13

13

18 19 86

18 19 86

31 19 86

5 23

5 23

31 94 55

31 87 32

7 20

3 1,344 1,140 1,097 742 63

1 10 117 496 1 ,039 930

21 28 50 84

2 17 3

2 17 3 1,382 1,251 1,178

2

1

1 41 16 4

41 16 4 50 52 35

7 2 43 52 33

91 70 39

180 211 199 59 50 82

106 155 113

4

11 6

211

4

180 199

12 10 5 12 10 5 12 10 5
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 93

Table 12. —Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific— Continued

[Thousands of long Ions]

East Coast Central America to Asia: Chemicals and petroleum chemicals

Nitrates, phosphates, and potash

Phosphates

Fertilizers, miscellaneous Ores and metals, miscellaneous Other agricultural commodities

Coffee Petroleum and products

Diesel oil Other and unclassified Miscellaneous

All other and unclassified Total East Coast South America to West Coast United

STATES: Canned and refrigerated foods, miscellaneous .... Lumber and products, miscellaneous Manufactures of iron and steel, miscellaneous Ores and metals Ores Alumina bauxite

Iron Manganese

Other and unclassified Metal, iron Other agricultural commodities Cocoa and cacao beans

Coffee

Peas, dried Petroleum and products

Asphalt Crude oil Fuel oil, residual Gasoline

Jet fuel Kerosene Other and unclassified Miscellaneous Paper and products

All other and unclassified Total East Coast South America to West Coast Canada:

Petroleum and products

Jet fuel Miscellaneous

All other and unclassified Total East Coast South America to West Coast Central

AMERICA:

Coal

GrainsSorghum

Soybeans

Fist ol rear

1 1981 19/10 1979 '

54 18 5 18 33 31

2 31 16 33 94 103 69

7 6 6

7 6 6

31 46

30

I 46

17 3 20

17 3 20

221 163 177

2 5 16 30 4

36 24 21 44 96 62 44 96

64

56

17 1510

3 32 31 24

6

10 44 6

10 3 41

15

162 724 680

40

64 642

34 419

23 134 58 77

25 50

27 50 26

14 2

13 48 968

26 297 804

29

29

21 17 4

21 17 4

21 46 4

53 59 63

2 7860

18
94 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 12. —Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific— Continued

[ Thousands of long tons]

I \si Coasi South America to West Coast Cemrai

America—Continued Grains— Continued

Other and unclassified

Nitrates, phosphates, and potash

Ammonium compounds

Fertilizers, miscellaneous Petroleum and products Crude oil Diesel oil Fuel oil, residual Liquefied gas Other and unclassified Other agricultural commodities

Sugar

Other and unclassified Miscellaneous

All other and unclassified Total East Coast South America to West Coast South

America:

Chemicals and petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous . Grains

Rice

Minerals, miscellaneous

Salt Soda and sodium compounds

Sulfur

Nitrates, phosphates, and potash

Ammonium compounds

Fertilizers, unclassified Ores and metals

Ore, alumina/ bauxite

Metals, miscellaneous Other agricultural commodities

Sugar

Other and unclassified Petroleum and products Crude oil Diesel oil Fuel oil, residual Gasoline

Liquefied gas Lubricating oil Other and unclassified Miscellaneous Cement , All other and unclassified , Total

I \si Coasi SOUTH AMERICA l<> BALBOA. R.P.: Petroleum and products

Diesel oil Fuel oil, residual Other and unclassified , Miscellaneous

IVHI 1980

2

i /V79

20 32 62

20

1 1 21 1.135 1,744 2,096

1,116 1,729 1.8406 249

19

15 1 51 12 50 12

14 5 7 14 5 7 1,273 1,854 2,306

7 3

1 47

1 7

12 8 26

11

1 5 162

3 8

10 6

3

9

10 3 9

15 19 14

5 8 7 10 II 7 13

12

1,800 1 ,439 1,536 1,376 1,045 1,113 96 88 66

IK) 157 171 24 10 120

31 6 2 90 72 60

73 61 4 47 30 24

1 6 47 27 18 1.904 1,506 1,620

134 117 50 44 43 3 69 8 47

21 66

6
PANAMA CANA1 COMMISSION 95

Table 12. — Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific —Continued

( I housands ol long u>ns|

I \si Coasi South Ami kk a ro Balboa, R.P. Continued

Miscellaneous Continued

All other and unclassified Total

I \m Coasi Soi in America ro Hawaii

Petroleum and products

Jet fuel Other and unclassified Total E\si Coasi Soi in America to Oceania:

Petroleum and products Gasoline Other and unclassified Miscellaneous

All other and unclassified Total Easi Coast Soiih America to Asia: Canned and refrigerated foods, miscellaneous .... Chemicals and petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous

Grains, miscellaneous Lumber and products, miscellaneous Manufactures of iron and steel, miscellaneous ....

Niirates. phosphates and potash

Fertilizers, miscellaneous Ores and metals Ores Alumina bauxite Manganese

Other and unclassified Metals, miscellaneous Other agricultural commodities

Cotton, raw Sugar

Other and unclassified Petroleum and products Crude oil

I iquefied gas Other and unclassified Miscellaneous Paper and products

All other and unclassified Total Wfsi Indies to West Coast United States: Chemicals and petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous . Minerals, miscellaneous

Salt Ores and metals

Ore, alumina bauxite

Metals, miscellaneous Petroleum and products Crude oil Diesel oil , Fuel oil, residual

/ iscal i ear

1981 1980 IV79

6

140 117 50

25 106 30

25 106 27

3 25 106 30

1 1 45

28

1 1 17

1 9

9

10

1

1 1 2 46

17 13 21 113 22 30

76

16 34 13 148 I 34

30 4 30 4

33! 317 289

136 194 215

13 15 39

119 172 173 4 7 3 195 123 74

20 43 18

18 12 24

6

2 7 12

1,671 1,427 423

1.481 1,326

21 401

190 80 22

53 26 10

1637 26 10 2,475 1.883 842

31 1 31 28

31 28 218 191 155

184 191 155 34 379 760 854

94 147 25 34 149

74
96 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 12.—Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific— Continued

[Thousands of long tons] West Indies to West Coast United States—

Continued

Petroleum and products—Continued

Gasoline

Jet fuel Kerosene Other and unclassified Miscellaneous

All other and unclassified Total West Indies to West Coast Canada:

Chemicals and petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous Ores and metals Ore, alumina/ bauxite Petroleum and products

Fuel oil, residual

Jet fuel Other agricultural commodities

Sugar

Total West Indies to West Coast Central America:

Chemicals and petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous Other agricultural commodities Sugar

Petroleum and products Crude oil Diesel oil Fuel oil, residual Gasoline

Lubricating oil Other and unclassified Miscellaneous Cement

All other and unclassified Total West Indies to West Coast South America:

Chemicals and petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous

Minerals, miscellaneous

Sulfur Ores and metals

Ores, miscellaneous Petroleum and products

Asphalt Crude oil Diesel oil Fuel oil, residual Gasoline

Jet fuel Kerosene

Liquefied gas Lubricating oil Other and unclassified Miscellaneous

All other and unclassified Total

198 136

497

12 443

13 25

5 41

16

14

14

Fiscal year

256

294

83 188

61 62

22 29

37 43

7 8 44 54

28 6

1,117

251

16 278

2158

5 62

33

13

13 752

299

15622

20 82 7 19 14 14

19 14 14 647 1,024 1,024

6 52 4 2 52 4 2 25 20

20

25

11

11 77 4 39

3 6 11 10

10 254 384 666

10459 440

35

1315

5

1513 6 5 295 396

1

682

13 1 6 11 12 6 11 12 32 3 32 3 1,052 724 510

1 81 178

16 1496

172 60

6

6 529
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 97

Table 12. —Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific— Continued

[Thousands Oi long Ions]

Wesi Indus ro BALBOA, R.P.: Petroleum and products Crude oil Diesel oil Fuel oil. residual Gasoline Other and unclassified Miscellaneous

All other and unclassified Total West Indies to Hawaii: Petroleum and products

Diesel oil Jet fuel Kerosene Other and unclassified Total West Indies to Oceania:

Minerals, miscellaneous

Salt ]'[

Other agricultural commodities Sugar

Petroleum and products

Diesel oil Jet fuel Lubricating oil Other and unclassified Miscellaneous

All other and unclassified Total West Indies to Asia: Canned and refrigerated foods

Fish, refrigerated Other and unclassified Chemicals and petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous . .

.

Ores and metals Ores Alumina bauxite Other and unclassified Metals, miscellaneous Other agricultural commodities

Sugar

Other and unclassified Petroleum and products [ Diesel oil Fuel oil. residual Lubricating oil Other and unclassified Miscellaneous

All other and unclassified Total Europe to West Coast United States: Canned and refrigerated foods, miscellaneous 27

Fiscal tear

1 1981 1980 1979 ' 299 203 245

84

104 159 161

71 40 70

2 2 7 38 2 6 40 47 50 40 47 50 339 250

433

295

253 239

29 58 22 224 350 188 22 22

3 433

7 253 239

35 64 61 35 64 615656

53 125 237

22 32 72 24 54 92

7 30 2

9 71

7 3 12

7 3 12 95 192 366

8 2420

21 4 17 4 4 4

6 1 50 42 72 64

37 62 44

32 57 41

5 5 3

5 10 20 867 903 1.248 864 903 1.248

3 182 31

1

159

1 53 66 29 54

116 1 51

16 16

16 29

16 29

1.121 1.047 1.571

23 24
98 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 12. -Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific— Continued

[Thousands of long tons

Europe to West Coast United StatesContinued

Chemicals and petroleum chemicals

Caustic soda

Chemicals, unclassified Petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous Lumber and products, miscellaneous Machinery and equipment

Automobiles, trucks, accessories and parts Construction machinery and equipment

Electrical machinery and apparatus Other and unclassified Manufactures of iron and steel Angles, shapes, and sections

Plates, sheets, and coils Tubes, pipes, and fittings Wires, bars, and rods Other and unclassified

Nitrates, phosphates, and potash

Ammonium compounds

Fertilizers, unclassified Nitrate of soda

Other and unclassified Ores and metals

Ores, miscellaneous Metals

Iron Other and unclassified Petroleum and products Other and unclassified M iscellaneous Bricks and tile Cement

Glass and glassware

Liquors and wines Marble and stone Paper and paper products

Rubber, manufactured

All other and unclassified Total

1 i ropi ro Wi si Coasi Canada:

Canned and refrigerated foods, miscellaneous .... Chemicals and petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous Machinery and equipment

Automobiles, trucks, accessories and parts . .

. Other and unclassified Manufactures of iron and steel Angles, shapes, and sections

Plates, sheets, and coils

I ubes, pipes, and fittings Wire. bars, and rods Other and unclassified

Nitrates, phosphates, and potash

Ammonium compounds

Fertilizers, unclassified

1 1981 1980 1979

82 19

13

41

19 16 63 6 22

3

15 3 4

134 192 205

130 181 191

2

1 4

2

8

1

1 5 5 664 611 562

162 72 92 392 315 291

21 3 16 34 42 24

55 179 139 245 357 218

156 218 86 64 127 129 24 12 2

35 60 23

5 23 13 30 37 10 23 29

7 8 10

7 24 6

7 24 6 876 866 1,045

13 19 15 88

1 97

1

716

6 10 5 6 6 7 40

1 78

3 90

1 721 652

2,155

850

2,085 2,128

5 7 6

1515 1312

11 9 8 6 1 3 277 187 210

30 19 40

170 104 88

25 8 8 25 15 23

27 41 51

3 25

19

3 6
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 99

Table 12. —Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific —Continued

I I housands <>( long tons)

I i ROPI ro Wisi Coasi C \\\i>\ Continued

Petroleum and products 12 Asphalt 12 Miscellaneous 182 188 164

Bricks and tile 2 3 I Liquors and wines 4 3 3 All other and unclassified 176 182 160 Total 497 395 428 Europe ro West Coast Cenirai America:

Canned and refrigerated foods, miscellaneous Chemicals and petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous . . . Machinery and equipment

Automobiles, trucks, accessories and parts Other and unclassified Manufactures of iron and steel Angles, shapes, and sections

Plates, sheets, and coils Tubes, pipes and fittings Wire, bars, and rods Other and unclassified

Nitrates, phosphates, and potash

Ammonium compounds

Fertilizers, unclassified Potash Ores and metals

Metals, miscellaneous Miscellaneous Cement

Glass and glassware

Paper and paper products

All other and unclassified Total

1 2

2 4 13

18 12 20

2 4 4

16 8 16 52

1

12

1 45

3 6 1 23

31 2 2 4 7 16

10 1 1 291 269 574

119 87 335

163 180 233

9 2 6

8 3

3

12

8 12 137

1

133

1

70

2

3

5 8 5 131 124 60

509 433 736 Europe to West Coast Soimh America:

Canned and refrigerated foods 85 73 64 Canned foods 62 56 51 Milk 53 52 46 Other and unclassified 9 4 5 Refrigerated foods 23 17 13 Dairy products 18 14 12 Other and unclassified 5 3 1 Chemicals and petroleum chemicals 105 110 96

Caustic soda 18 12 12 Chemicals, unclassified 78 92 76 Petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous 9 6 8 Coal and coke I 2 Grains 34 34 41 Barley 4 4 23 Wheat 8 6 9 Other and unclassified 22 24 9 Lumber and products 3 2 2 Pulpwood I 1 Other and unclassified 3 | | Machinery and equipment 216 164 1 18 Agricultural machinery and implements 29 23 16
100 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 12.—Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

Europe to West Coast South AMERiCA-Continued

Machinery and equipment—Continued

Automobiles, trucks, accessories and parts . . Construction machinery and equipment ....

Electrical machinery and apparatus Other and unclassified Manufactures of iron and steel Angles, shapes, and sections

Plates, sheets, and coils Tubes, pipes, and fittings Wire, bars, and rods Other and unclassified Minerals, miscellaneous Soda and sodium compounds

Other and unclassified

Nitrates, phosphates, and potash

Ammonium compounds

Fertilizers, unclassified Phosphates

Potash Other and unclassified Ores and metals

Ores, miscellaneous Metals

Iron

Tin, including tinplate Other and unclassified Other agricultural commodities

Sugar

Other and unclassified Petroleum and products

Diesel oil Gasoline Other and unclassified Miscellaneous Ammunition and explosives

Bricks and tile Cement

Flour, wheat

Glass and glassware

Groceries., miscellaneous Liquors and wines Marble and stone

Oil. vegetable Paper and paper products

Resin Rubber, manufactured

Slag

Textiles Wax, paraffin

All other and unclassified Total Europe to Oceania

Canned and refrigerated foods, miscellaneous . .

,

Chemicals and petroleum chemicals , Caustic soda

Fiscal tear

1 1981 1980 1979 '

84 60 29

59 38 39 24 24 17 20 19 17 252 145 134

16 18 21 105 53 57

18 24 16 68 19 29 45 31 11 39 33 36

37 30 34

2 3 2 150 157 140 63 77 49

72 64 58

9 8 11

1 4 20

5 4 2 88 32

3

42

33 6 55 29 36

13 7 18 25 12 10

17 10 8 8 52 26

7 26

1 3 58 87 66

21 47 42

20 12 17 40 12 589 369 334

4 2 2

11 10 9

61 8 3 4 17 34

18 17 9 4 6 2 20 12 10

2 1 1 2 2 5 44 52 56

8 14 15

5 6 6

41

11 13 6

6 5 5 348 204 171 1,628 1.211 1,101

6 9 1 1 119 145 116

21 37 26
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 101

Table 12. —Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific— Continued

[ Thousands of long ions]

Europe to Oceania Continued

Chemicals and petroleum chemicals —Continued

Chemicals, unclassified Petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous Lumber and products, miscellaneous Machinery and equipment

Agricultural machinery and implements . .

.

Automobiles, trucks, accessories and parts' . Construction machinery and equipment . . . Electrical machinery and apparatus Other and unclassified Manufactures of iron and steel Angles, shapes, and sections

Plates, sheets, and coils Tubes, pipes, and fittings Wire, bars, and rods Other and unclassified Minerals, miscellaneous

Salt Soda and sodium compounds

Nitrates, phosphates, and potash

Ammonium compounds

Fertilizers, unclassified Potash

Ores and metals, miscellaneous Other agricultural commodities, miscellaneous .

.

Petroleum and products

Lubricating oil Other and unclassified , Miscellaneous , Bricks and tile Cement

Clay, fire and china

Flour, wheat

Glass and glassware

Groceries, miscellaneous Liquors and wines

Oil, vegetable Paper and paper products

Resin Rubber, manufactured

Textiles

All other and unclassified Total Europe to Asia: Canned and refrigerated foods

Refrigerated foods, miscellaneous Chemicals and petroleum chemicals Chemicals, unclassified Petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous Coal and coke

Grains, miscellaneous Lumber and products, miscellaneous Machinery and equipment

Automobiles, trucks, accessories and parts . . Manufactures of iron and steel, miscellaneous . .

.

Fiscal vear

1 1981 1980 1979 1

93 84 79

5 24 11 9 6 1 24 21 23

2 2 3 16 12 11 3 4 7

1 2 2

2 1 31 31 28

6 3 6

11 11 8 9 8 6 4

1 9 6

2

5 6 29 4 3 6

1 3 23 25- 14 15 9 1 1 16

1

12

1

1

14

5 10 10 20 18 7

14 8 6

6 10 1 423 490 608

3 4 5 42 63 98

2 1 7 6 10

2 2 2

1 2 3 4 6 8 6 5 3

7 4 5

1

1 3471 396 471 673 751 843

12 23 38

12 23 38

141 153 141 110 119 102

31 34

58 39

5149 45

10 16 20

10 16 20

2 2
102 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 12.— Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

Europe to Asia—Continued

Nitrates, phosphates, and potash Potash Other and unclassified Ores and metals, miscellaneous Petroleum and products, miscellaneous Miscellaneous Paper and paper products

All other and unclassified Total

Africa to West Coast United States: Canned and refrigerated foods Manufactures of iron and steel, miscellaneous Ores and metals Metals

Iron metal Other and unclassified Ores Manganese ore Lead ore Other and unclassified Petroleum and products Crude oil Other and unclassified Miscellaneous

All other and unclassified Total

Africa to West Coast Canada:

Manufactures of iron and steel, miscellaneous Miscellaneous

All other and unclassified Total

Africa io Wfst Coast Central America:

Canned and refrigerated foods

Nitrates, phosphates, and potash

Phosphates

Ammonium compounds

Manufactures of iron and steel, miscellaneous Miscellaneous

All other and unclassified Total

Africa ro Wesi Coasi South America:

Manufactures of iron and steel, miscellaneous

Nitrates, phosphates, and potash

Fertilizers, unclassified Miscellaneous

All other and unclassified Total

5 25

3548

48

378

7562

2 60

41

14

5 148 148

io

295

56

3

54

39

56

13 43

371

54

3

57

19

13 32

13

30 345

116 70

72 55

9 n

ii 963 44

46 44

17

50 9J62

50 29 29 9 29 9 268 225

47

47

5555

2

65

15

31
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 103

Table 12.— Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

Africa to Asia: Canned and refrigerated foods

Fish, refrigerated

Nitrates, phosphates, and potash

Phosphates

Miscellaneous

All other and unclassified Total Asia (Middle East) to West Coast United States: M iscellaneous

All other and unclassified Total Asia (Middle East) to West Coast South America:

M iscellaneous

All other and unclassified Total

Fin at year

1 1981 1980 1979 '

51 40 40

51 40 40

10 31 10 31 21 2

2 422182 71

22 19 13 22 19 13 22 19 13

26 40 14 26 40 14 26 40 14
104 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 13. —Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic

[Thousands of long tons]

1981 West Coast United States to East Coast United States: Canned and refrigerated foods, miscellaneous 2 Chemicals and petroleum chemicals 85 Caustic soda

Chemicals, unclassified 57 Petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous 28 Coke, coal type Lumber and products

Minerals, miscellaneous 100

Salt Soda and sodium compounds 100 Ores and metals, miscellaneous 21 Petroleum and products 24,791 Crude oil 22.424

Diesel oil 498

Fuel oil, residual 1 .080 Gasoline 474

Kerosene

Lubricating oil 131 Other and unclassified 1 84

Miscellaneous 219

Glass and glassware 37

All other and unclassified 182 Total 25.218

West Coast United States to East Coast South

AMERICA: Canned and refrigerated foods Canned foods, miscellaneous

Refrigerated foods

Fruit, excluding bananas

Other and unclassified Chemicals and petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous . . . GrainsWheat

Other and unclassified Lumber and products

Pulpwood

Other and unclassified Machinery and equipment, miscellaneous Manufactures of iron and steel, miscellaneous

Minerals, miscellaneous Borax , Salt Sulfur Soda and sodium compounds

Other and unclassified

Nitrates, phosphates, and potash

Fertilizers, unclassified Phosphates

Potash Ores and metals

Metals, miscellaneous

Ores, miscellaneous Other agricultural commodities

140

13 10324

16 26

26

210

21,316

22

114

102

12

13

1 33

21

12

20,924 14,039 9,316 12,698 487 500

473 488

245 116 40 67

185 130

178 40

210 170

170 14,370

24

5 7 8

13 15 16

12 13 14

1 2 2

3 11 29

2 3 1616

2 3 39 49 45

36 45 44

3 4 1 7 8 4

3 3 1 114 108 51

12 12 12

17 7 6 20

57 85 30

8 4 3 46 60 35

23 54 35

23 5 4 5 6

4 4 6

II 14 17
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 105

Table 13. —Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific fo Atlantic— Continued

[

I housands of long tons] West Coast United States to East Coast South

America Continued

Other agricultural commodities Continued

Beans, edible Peas, dry Petroleum and products Petroleum coke Other and unclassified Miscellaneous Carbon black

Flour, wheat

Oil, vegetable

Paper and paper products

All other and unclassified Total

West Coast United States to Cristobal, R.P.: Petroleum and products

Diesel oil Fuel oil,, residual Miscellaneous

All other and unclassified Total

West Coast United States to West Indies: Canned and refrigerated foods, miscellaneous Grains

Rice Petroleum and products Crude oil Diesel oil Residual fuel oil Miscellaneous

All other and unclassified Total

West Coast United States to Europe:

Canned and refrigerated foods Canned foods, miscellaneous

Refrigerated foods

Fish

Fruit, excluding bananas

Other and unclassified Chemicals and petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous Coal and coke

Grains

Barley Rice Wheat

Other and unclassified Lumber and products Boards and planks , Plywood, veneers, composition board , Pulpwood

Other and unclassified

Fiscal year

19HI 1980 1979

3 4 8

8 10 9 84 91 84

83

1 90

1 42

42

104 106 174 22 50 36 1 12 3 6 5 3 50 79 117 436 480 486

10 49

10 49

2 5

5

5

212 49

1 3 1 80 95 30 80 95 30

4,108 3,269 3,985 3.200 3,099 3,958 37

871 170 27

8 34

34

3

8 3 4,197 3,401 4.019

132 196 159

1 4 2

131 192 157

15 15 3 57 116 98

59 61 56

28 81 53 203 202 299

584 454 183 142 90 3 79 159 438 200 21 4 85 575 847 717

173 369 276

122 128 123 261 322 205

19 28 113
106 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 13.— Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic —Continued

[ Thousands of long ions]

West Coast United States to Europe -Continued

Machinery and equipment, miscellaneous Manufactures of iron and steel, miscellaneous

Minerals, miscellaneous Borax

Other and unclassified

Nitrates, phosphates, and potash

Ammonium compounds

Fertilizers, unclassified Fishmeal Ores and metals OresCopper

Lead

Other and unclassified MetalsCopper

Lead

Tin, including tinplate Other and unclassified Other agricultural commodities

Beans, edible Cotton, raw

Oilseeds Petroleum and products Petroleum coke

Residual fuel oil Other and unclassified Miscellaneous Carbon black

Clay, fire and china

Flour, wheat

Groceries, miscellaneous

Oil, vegetable Paper and paper products

Seeds, excluding oilseeds Slag

All other and unclassified Total

Wisi Coasi Unitto States to Africa:

Chemicals and petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous Coke, coal type GrainsWheat

Other and unclassified Lumber and products, miscellaneous Machine!) and equipment, miscellaneous

Minerals, miscellaneous Other agricultural commodities

Beans, edible Cotton, raw

Petroleum and products, miscellaneous Miscellaneous

Oil, vegetable

1 I9HI IVSII IVV '

5 9 2

2 519 442 437

515 439 437

4 3 61 14 88

41 29

14 13 59

6 1 49 129 96

42 102 87

14 38 25

5 X 20

23 56 42

7 27 9

3 12 4

4 X

1 3 6

-i n 66 53

15

1 361 14

7 29 38

1.360 1.511 1.665 1.089 1.399 1.542 207

64 112 123 X73 1,027 X40

20 58 85

8 9 1 1 IX 5 5 9 1 II 1 1 15 62 54 9X

7 176 742 X5X 630

4.411 4.978 4.594

1 2 2 9

1.967 237 13 1.967 236 13

106 69 3 2 2 5 32 130 1527

II16 9 1 19

1

31 23
PANAMA CANAI COMMISSION 107

Table 13. —Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic —Continued

|

I housands ul long Ions]

/ i.vi ul rear Wfsj' Coas'i United States to Akrica Continued

\l iscellaneous Continued

Paper and paper products

All other and unclassified

Total West Coasi United States to Asia (Middu East) Coal

Grains

Barley Rice Wheat

Lumber and products, miscellaneous Miscellaneous

All other and unclassified Total West Coasi Canada io East Coasi United States

Chemicals and petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous . . Lumber and products Board and planks Other and unclassified Minerals, miscellaneous

Sulfur Ores and metals Other and unclassified Petroleum and products Crude oil Total Wis i Coasi Canada to East Coast Canada:

Coal

Petroleum and products Crude oil Other and unclassified Miscellaneous

All other and unclassified Total Wisi Coasi Canada io F.asi Co\si Soi ih America

Coal Lumber and products

Pulpwood

Other and unclassified Minerals, miscellaneous

Sulfur Other and unclassified

Nitrates, phosphates, and potash

Fertilizers, unclassified Potash , Other and unclassified Ores and metals, miscellaneous Miscellaneous Paper and paper products

All other and unclassified Total

' IVHI IWIt IV7V '

16 6

IK 15 17 2,145 471 89

5793 14 46

14 47

10 4 24 24 12 24 24 12 174 34 30

116 4 902 852 1,322 885 844 1.322

17 8 72

72 62

62

5

5

10

10 81

81 1,018 1.010 1.398

117 157 203

77 309

50 309

27

1

194 466

1 204

292 347 260

14 24 30

14 19 27

5 3 301 323 59 298 320 59

3 3 100 468

7 68

99 461 68

6 7 15

31 56 94

22 22 22

9 34 72 744 1,225 526
108 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 13.— Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

West Coas i Canada to West Indies GrainsWheat Lumber and products Boards and planks Other and unclassified Minerals, miscellaneous

Sulfur Petroleum and products Gasoline

Miscellaneous Paper and paper products

Total

Wisi Coasi Canada io Europe:

Canned and refrigerated foods, miscellaneous .... Chemicals and petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous Coal and coke

Grains

Barlev Wheat

Other and unclassified Lumber and products Boards and planks

Plywood, veneers, composition board Pulpwood

Other and unclassified Machinery and equipment

Machinery and equipment, miscellaneous .... Minerals, miscellaneous Asbestos

Sulfur '. Nitrates, phosphates, and potash

Fertilizers, unclassified Potash Fishmeal Other and unclassified Ores and metals OresCopper

Zinc Other and unclassified MetalsAluminum

Copper

Lead

Zinc Other and unclassified Other agricultural commodities

Oilseeds Petroleum and products Petroleum coke Other and unclassified Miscellaneous

1 1981 1980 1979

'

6262

69 60 49

51 59 49

18 1 104 28 10 104 28 10 25

25

19 1 2 19 1 2 192 _ 89 148

64 27 30

7 861 996 1.120

1,494 1,658 736

975 445 255 397 1,078 313

122 135 168 2,566 3,150 2,983

1,287 1,690 1.422 214 181 240

1.039 1,241 1.253 26 38

1 68

1

793

1 956

1 699

3 5 4 790 951 695

28 73

16 85

16 53 85

7 4

5 128 205 192 87 136 114 76 III 85

9 17 II 2 8 18 41 69 78

4 7 9 20 40

13 II 13 12 28 25

3 3 94 261 184 94 261 184 27 125 153 27 1214 153

692 717 532
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 109

Table 13. —Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic— Continued

[ Thousands of long Ions]

Wist Coast Canada to Europe- Continued

Miscellaneous Continued

Paper and paper products

All other and unclassified Total

West Coast Canada to Africa:

GrainsWheat

Other and unclassified Lumber and products Boards and planks

Pulpwood

Minerals, miscellaneous Soda and sodium compounds

Sulfur

Nitrates, phosphates, and potash Potash Other agricultural commodities

Oilseeds Miscellaneous

All other and unclassified Total

West Coast Canada to Asia (Middle East): Grains

Barley

Lumber and products Other and unclassified Minerals, miscellaneous

Sulfur Miscellaneous Paper and paper products

Total

West Coast Central America to East Coast United

STATES: Canned and refrigerated foods

Refrigerated foods Bananas

Fish, refrigerated Meat

Other and unclassified Minerals, miscellaneous

Salt Nitrates, phosphates, and potash Fishmeal Other agricultural commodities

Coffee Molasses Sugar

Petroleum and products Crude oil Other and unclassified

Fin ill vt'ar

1 1981 19HI) 1979 '

441 451 299

251 266 233

6,754 8,169 6,715

165 141 233

165 141 18548

233 279 152 196 258 128 37 21 24

1,010 111 492

1,010

1 776 492

9

9

9

9

19

19 6767

17 25 14

17 25 14 1,425 1,250 967

30

30

4

4 92

92

1

92 30

15

188 154 178

188 154 136

178 179 162

8 10

1 8 13

3 152 236 668

152 236 668

II 11 12

11 II 12 540 492 561 40 38 14 200 118 139 300 336 408

75 79 31 65 79

10 31
HO STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 13. —Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic —Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

West Coast Central America to East Coast United ' iwi States—Continued

Miscellaneous 9

Oil, vegetable

All other and unclassified 2 Total 975 West Coast Central America to East Coast Canada

Canned and refrigerated foods, miscellaneous 6 Miscellaneous

All other and unclassified Total 6 West Coast Central America to East Coast Central

America:

Grains, miscellaneous 82

Nitrates, phosphates, and potash 22

Fertilizers, unclassified Phosphates 22 Petroleum and products 29 Gasoline 29 Miscellaneous 2 All other and unclassified 2 Total 135 West Coast Central America to East Coast South

America:

Grains, miscellaneous Lumber and products, miscellaneous 8 Manufactures of iron and steel, miscellaneous Ores and metals, miscellaneous 25 Other agricultural commodities, miscellaneous 1 Miscellaneous 6

All other and unclassified 6 Total 40 Wisi Coast Central America to Wfsi Indies Canned and refrigerated foods 71 Canned foods, miscellaneous

Refrigerated foods, miscellaneous 71 Lumber and products 25 Hoards and planks 23 Other and unclassified 2 Other agricultural commodities 9 M olasses Other and unclassified 9 Petroleum and products, miscellaneous 28 Miscellaneous 9

All other and unclassified 9 Total 142 Wisi COASl CENTRAI AMERICA ro Europe:

Canned and refrigerated foods 190 Refrigerated foods 1 90

1980 IV79

21 II 18

3 11 993 1,461

4 10 22

2226 10

40

44

l

1 44 1

2 4 13 32 27

1 4

1 19 4 19 41 62

70 67

70

1 66

29 29

29 27

2 34

19

15

6 7 6 7 139 103

182 277

182 277
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 111

Table 13. —Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic —Continued

I

I hnusjnds of lung ions]

Wini Coasi Centrai America ro Europi Continued Canned and refrigerated foods Continued Bananas

Other and unclassified Coal, coke type

Grains, miscellaneous Lumber and products Boards and planks Other and unclassified

Nitrates, phosphates, and potash

Fertilizers, unclassified Fishmeal

Oth»~r and unclassified Ores ai-.d metals, miscellaneous OresChrome

Copper

MetalsCopper

Other and unclassified Other agricultural commodities

Beans, edible Cocoa, raw

Coffee

Cotton, raw

Molasses

Oilseeds

Peas, d ry Sugar

Petroleum and products Petroleum coke

Miscellaneous

Groceries, miscellaneous

Seeds, excluding oilseeds Tobacco and manufactures

All other and unclassified Total

Wisi Coast Centrai America io Africa: Canned and refrigerated foods Bananas

Other and unclassified

CirainsGrains, miscellaneous Lumber and products, miscellaneous Other agricultural commodities

Peas, dried Other and unclassified Miscellaneous

All other and unclassified Total Wem Coast Central America to Asia (Middle East): Canned and refrigerated foods Bananas

1

' isml i tor

1 1981 1980 1979 '

152 157 203

38 25 74

77 43

7 3 7

11 23 44

6 19 37

5 4 7 48 40 57

24 36 54

5 4 3 19 263 no 22 222 109 22

24

198 109 22

41 1 40

215 434 657

7

2 83 75 180

41 112 139 30 153 224

13 37 79

41 19 38

6

6

33

148 106 97

2

II 2

2 137 106 91 882 981 1,204

14 2 2

7 2

7 2

7

7 4

4

16 15 11 15 29 10

12 29 10

3

1 17

1 17 46 53 44

15 15 22

15 14 22
112 STATISTICAL TABLES

IV/U IVXO IV7V

Table 13.— Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

his, til \ear West Coast Central America to Asia (Middle East» —

Continued Canned and refrigerated foods— Continued

Other and unclassified Other agricultural commodities

Peas, dried Oilseeds Miscellaneous

All other and unclassified Total 16 27

W'si Coast South America ro Easi Coasi United

Si mes: Canned and refrigerated foods Canned foods, miscellaneous

Refrigerated foods Bananas

Fish

Fruit, excluding bananas

Refrigerated, miscellaneous Chemicals and petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous . Lumber and products Boards and planks Other and unclassified Manufactures of iron and steel, miscellaneous

Minerals, miscellaneous

Salt Soda and sodium compounds

Nitrates, phosphates, and potash

Fertilizer, miscellaneous Fishmeal

Nitrate of soda

Potash Ores and metals Ores Copper

Iron Lead

Tin

Zinc Other and unclassified. MetalsCopper

Iron

I ead Zinc Other and unclassified. Other agricultural commodities . Beans, edible Cocoa and cacao beans. .

.

Coffee Cotton, raw

Molasses Sugar

Wool, raw

Other and unclassified. . .

.

Petroleum and products

446 436 472

14 16 17 432 420 455

326 337 366

17 17 17 85 64 72

4 2 64 19 26

30 37 31 20 25 16

10 12 15 4 5 9 140 356 no

119 351 no

21 5 162 164 180

109 12 35

135 144 138

8 8 7

1 , 1 30 1 ,3 1

5

1,717 852 1,069 1.449

13 4 5 343 505 928

34

1 3 12

II 27 22 484 530 448

278 246 268 234 167 179 4 55 17 2 7 40

24 6 5 14 11 27 569 631 771 9 5 3 26 32 33

149 199 239

4 2 7 152 155 203

228 238 285

1

1 2.678 3.895 4,793
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 113

Table 13.— Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic— Continued

[Thousands of long tons] West Coast South America to East Coast United

States—Continued

Petroleum and products —Continued Crude oil Fuel oil, residual Gasoline Other and unclassified Miscellaneous

Fibers, plant Groceries, miscellaneous

Textiles

All other and unclassified Total

West Coast South America to East Coast Canada:

Lumber and products, miscellaneous

Nitrates, phosphates, and potash

Nitrate of soda

Ores and metals, miscellaneous Miscellaneous

All other and unclassified Total

West Coast South America to East Coast Central America:

Lumber and products

Pulpwood

Other and unclassified

Nitrates, phosphates, and potash Fishmeal

Nitrate of soda Other and unclassified Ores and metals

Metals, miscellaneous

Ores, miscellaneous Petroleum and products Crude oil Other and unclassified Miscellaneous Paper and paper products

All other and unclassified Total

West Coast South America to East Coast

South America:

Canned and refrigerated foods Canned foods, miscellaneous

Fruit refrigerated, excluding bananas Bananas

Other and unclassified Lumber and products, miscellaneous Manufactures of iron and steel, miscellaneous

Nitrates, phosphates, and potash Ores and metals, miscellaneous , Other agricultural commodities ,

Fiscal year

1981 1980 1979

1,554 2,950 3,546 950 904 1,149 41 98

174

108 128 172

6 7 7

7 6 9

10 15 15 85 100 141 5,331 6,986

1

8,281

2

2 7 9

2 7 9 62 5 18 6 8 5 6 8 5 70 21 34

7 20 22

6 19 22

27 6 10

1114 6 10

2 91 108 22

25 12 17 66 96 5 76 331 1,554 75

1 331 1,554

21 59 16

5 10 8

16 49

524

8 222 1,624

8 218 22

5 7

2

1

3

10

132

113 122 108

2 5 6

5 128 131 88

41 32 26
114 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 13.—Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

Fiscal year West Coast South America to East Coast South , AMER.CA-Contmued

Other agricultural commodities—Continued

Beans, edible 36 29 Zb Other and unclassified 5 3 ...... Petroleum and products _L406 '.232 1,538 Crude oil 1-261 985 1.385 Other and unclassified 4 5 247 153 Miscellaneous LM 88 88

Oil. fish 2 9 14

Oil. vegetable ° • Paper and paper products 1° l *

All other and unclassified 6° LL °°

Total 1,807 1.631 1.876

West Coast South America to West Indies: Canned and refrigerated foods II 5°. r* Canned foods, miscellaneous 2 1 •

• Fish, refrigerated 7 ' 49 44

Grains, miscellaneous 5 .

. o Lumber and products \A ±L ±1

Boards and planks '0 54 36 Other and unclassified 2 3 3

Nitrates, phosphates, and potash 39 47 4/. Fishmeal 39 47 47 Ores and metals £2 *L €L

Ores, miscellaneous 35 23 Metals, miscellaneous •• ' •• Other agricultural commodities 23 25 Li

Beans, edible 3 1 •• Molasses „ 2U d* i # Petroleum and products 2- 680 3 ,056 2,343 Crudeoil 2,3g 2,882 2,255 Fuel oil, residual 258 1/4 dj Other and unclassifed 55 .

.

35 Miscellaneous \1 ^ —

All other and unclassified Li. 26 29

Total 2,879 3,291 2,556

West Coast South America to Europe:

Canned and refrigerated foods _U>°_2 '- 044 2M

Canned foods, miscellaneous 31 37 20

Refrigerated foods 971 1.007 _914

Bananas 382 469 6.2

Fish, refrigerated 4-3' 4«5 218

Fruit, excluding bananas '53 120 7/ Other and unclassified '3 J

Chemicals and petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous 19 21 27

Grains, miscellaneous 4

^

55 43 Lumber and products Ul 262 268 Boards and planks 34 149 166 Pulpwood 46 »3 56 Other and unclassified 39 30 46

Nitrates, phosphates, and potash 660 80! 966

Fertilizers, unclassified 8 2 4 Fishmeal 542 666 834
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 115

50

46

54

54

53

28

5

4

! 26

2424

Table 13.— Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

West Coast South America to Europe—Continued

Nitrates, phosphates, and potash —Continued

Nitrate of soda

Potash

Ores and metals OresCopper

Iron Lead

Tin

Zinc Other and unclassified MetalsCopper

Lead

Zinc Other and unclassified Other agricultural commodities Cocoa and cacao beans

Coffee Cotton, raw

Oilseeds Sugar

Wool, raw

Other and unclassified Peas, dry Petroleum and products Crude oil Fuel oil, residual Miscellaneous

Groceries, miscellaneous

Oil, fish Paper and products

Seeds, excluding oilseeds All other and unclassified Total West Coast South America to Africa: Canned and refrigerated foods Canned foods, miscellaneous Bananas

Fish, refrigerated

Fruits, refrigerated Lumber and products, miscellaneous Petroleum and products Crude oil Diesel oil Other and unclassified Ores and metals Ores

Zinc

Ores, miscellaneous Metals

Zinc Other agricultural commodities Sugar

Fiscal year

1 1981 1980 1979 '

108 130 128

2 3 1,412 2,706 1,580 694 1,849 939

93 153 151 69 1,093 159 50 41 60

40 41 41 376 468 468

66 53 60

718 857 641 603 641 560

19 27 19 68 79 34

28 110 28

341 418 378

18 31 29 212 221 225

28 25 21

1 19 6 36 73 47

11 9 8 9 40 41 26 1 54 36

36

54

195 234 280

15 19 17 27 50 76

20

1 18

2 34

1 132 145 152

3,851 5,541 4,512

38

3 33

2

5 72

4824

30

24

16

6

51

51
116 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 13.—Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

West Coast South America to Africa—Continued

Miscellaneous ., All other and unclassified Total

West Coast South America to Asia (Middle East): Canned and refrigerated foods

Refrigerated foods Bananas

Other and unclassified Lumber and products, miscellaneous Metals and ores, miscellaneous

Nitrates, phosphates, and potash Fishmeal

Total

Balboa. R.P. to West Indies: Petroleum and products, miscellaneous Miscellaneous Other and unclassified Total

Hawaii to East Coast United States: Other agricultural commodities Sugar

Miscellaneous

All other and unclassified Total

Hawaii to Europe:

Other agricultural commodities

Molasses

Miscellaneous

All other and unclassified Total

Oceania to East Coast United States: Canned and refrigerated foods Canned foods, miscellaneous

Refrigerated foods Dairy products Meat

Other and unclassified Coal and coke Manufactures of iron and steel, miscellaneous . .

.

Ores and metals Ores Alumina/ bauxite Lead Manganese

Other and unclassified

Fiscal year

1 1981 1980 7979 '

2 2

2

115

1 2 1 106 197

63 77 114 63 77 114

61 74 94

2 3 20

7 9 15 13 20 40 60 25 40 60 25

123 166

34

154

14 13 18 14 13 18 14 47 18

177 116 23

177 116 23 40 10 78 40 10 78 217 126 101

25 51 45

25 51 45

27 29

27 29

52 51 74

408 500 518

408

1 499 518

7 6 8 91 103 137 310 390 373 260

25 39 18 796 1,201 1,074 747 1,101 935

272 513 451

4 95 205 118 380 383 362
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 117

Table 13.— Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

Oceania to East Coast United States—Continued

Ores and metals—Continued

MetalsZinc Other and unclassified Other agricultural commodities

Coffee Molasses Sugar

Wool, raw

Other and unclassified Petroleum and products Crude oil Fuel oil, residual Liquefied natural gas Miscellaneous

All other and unclassified Total

Oceania to East Coast Canada:

Canned and refrigerated foods

Refrigerated foods Meat

Other and unclassified Ores and metals

Ores, miscellaneous Other agricultural commodities

Molasses Sugar

Miscellaneous

All other and unclassified Total

Oceania to East Coast Central America:

Canned and refrigerated foods, miscellaneous . .

.

Ores and metals

Ores, miscellaneous Miscellaneous

All other and unclassified Total

Oceania to East Coast South America:

Canned and refrigerated foods, miscellaneous . .

.

Manufactures of iron and steel, miscellaneous . .

.

Ores and metals

Metals, miscellaneous Miscellaneous

All other and unclassified Total

Oceania to West Indies: Canned and refrigerated foods Canned foods, miscellaneous

Fiscal tear

1 1981 1980 1979 '

49 100 139

1 10 2 48 90 137 669 353 367

101 81

1 134 560 271 228

3 1 2

5 2

121 203

61 82

60 90

31 339 314 315 339 314 315

2,358 2,407 2,755

37 54 67

37 54 67

3 34 54 67

75 59 87

75 59 87 213 226 276

20

193 226 276

42 63 52 40 63 52 367 402 482

2 3 1 60 59 59 60 59 59

23 16 11 23 16 11 85 78 71

3 14 29

19 28

28

17 9 15

17 9 15 48 23 63

63 35 44

4 5 5
118 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 13.— Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic —Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

Oceania to West Indies— Continued Canned and refrigerated foods —Continued

Refrigerated foods

Dairy products

Fish, refrigerated Meat

Other and unclassified Miscellaneous

All other and unclassified Total

Oceania to Europe:

Canned and refrigerated foods Canned foods, miscellaneous

Refrigerated foods Dairy products

Fruit, excluding bananas Meat

Other and unclassified Chemicals and petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous

Grains, miscellaneous Ores and metals Ores Alumina/ bauxite Copper

Lead

Other and unclassified MetalsCopper

Lead

Other and unclassified Other agricultural commodities Cocoa and cacao beans

Coffee Copra

Molasses

Peas, dry Skins and hides Sugar

Wool, raw

Other and unclassified Miscellaneous

Groceries, miscellaneous

Oil, coconut

Oil, vegetable Tallow

Other and unclassified Total

Asia to East Coast Unhid S i \ 1 1 s Canned and refrigerated foods Canned foods

Fruit Vegetables Other and unclassified

Fiscal tear

1 1981 1980 1979 '

59 30 39

2 4 5 40 15 17

5 3 8 12 8 9 22 92 29

22 92 29

85 127 73

225

1 273

2 271

308

1 224 307

22 29 32

77 69 60

19 64 48

106 109

25

167

22 273 35 i 365

171 206 218

39 39 26

126 132 167

5 3 6 30 22

102 145 147 67 57

6

102 78 84 279 337 362

2 1 9

3 10 43 42 83

113 45

2 2 2 200 137 176 29 35 22

6 15 136

1 323

3 365

1 7 16 19

2 8 11

125 296 334

913 1.309 1,422

180 189 153 86 109 69

75 88 56

5 16 10 6 5 3
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 119

Table 13.— Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic—Continued

.[Thousands of long tons]

Asia TO East Coasi UNITED Si aies -Continued

Canned and refrigerated foods—Continued

Refrigerated foods

Fish

Fruit, refrigerated Other and unclassified Chemicals and petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous Coal and coke Lumber and products Boards and planks

Plywood, veneers, composition board

Other and unclassified Machinery and equipment

Agricultural machinery

Automobiles, trucks, accessories, and parts . . Construction machinery and equipment

Electrical machinery and apparatus Other and unclassified Manufactures of iron and steel Angles, shapes, and sections

Nails, tacks, and spikes

Plates, sheets, and coils Tubes, pipes, and fittings Wire, bars, and rods Other and unclassified

Nitrates, phosphates, and potash

Fertilizer:, unclassified Ores and metals Ores Alumina/ bauxite Chrome

Manganese

Other and unclassified MetalsAluminum

Copper

Iron

Tin, including tinplate Zinc Other and unclassified Other agricultural commodities

Coffee Copra

Rubber, raw

Sugar

Other and unclassified Petroleum and products, miscellaneous Miscellaneous

Bricks and tile Clay, fire and china

Fibers, plant Glass and glassware

Groceries, miscellaneous

Oil, coconut

Oil, vegetable Porcelainware

94 80 84

9 25 45 22 15 49 49 44

200 91 111 118 387 662

598 467 933

64 31 77 499 387 777

35 49 79

1,282 1,209 1,040

5 13 13 1,214 1,144 966

29 21 29

18 12 15 16 19 17 4,182 4,398 4,347 618 661 468

53 107 140 806 1,317 1,648 1,557 1,146 918

189 188 322

959 979 851

2 2 4

2 2 4

1,007 979 533 959 927 465

155 116 21 86 87 138

5 32 5 713 692 301 48 52 68

19 3 14

13 41

1 334

214 6 16 427 430 548

10

1 5

1 24 65 36 41 347 388 494

4 7 210 190 86

3,192 2,921 2,881

2 4 3

1 2 2 9 14 15 4 4 3 28 5 8 181 151 148 114 125 169

5 2 5
120 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 13.—Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

Asia to East Coast United States—Continued

Miscellaneous—Continued

Rubber, manufactured

Textiles Tobacco and manufactures

All other and unclassified Total

Asia to East Coast Canada:

Canned and refrigerated foods, miscellaneous .... Lumber and products

Plywood, veneers, composition board Other and unclassified Machinery and equipment

Automobiles, trucks, accessories, and parts .

.

Other and unclassified Manufactures of iron and steel Plates, sheets, and coils Tubes, pipes, and fittings Wire, bars, and rods Other and unclassified Ores and metals, miscellaneous Miscellaneous

All other and unclassified Total

Asia to East Coast Central America:

Chemicals and petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous Machinery and equipment, miscellaneous Manufactures of iron and steel, miscellaneous .... Minerals, miscellaneous Ores and metals, miscellaneous

Metals, miscellaneous

Ores, miscellaneous Other agricultural commodities

Rubber, raw

Miscellaneous

All other and unclassified Total

Asia to East Coast South America:

Chemicals and petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous Coke, coal type Machinery and equipment

Automobiles, trucks, accessories, and parts .

.

Electrical machinery and apparatus Other and unclassified Manufactures of iron and steel Plates, sheets, and coils Tubes, pipes, and fittings Other and unclassified

Nitrates, phosphates, and potash

Ammonium compounds

Fertilizers, unclassified Ores and metals

Fiscal year

1 1981 1980 1979 '

26 26 23

12 13 25

2,810 2,575 2,479

11,398 11,263 11,298

3 4 3 24

23

5

1

2 6

2 4 2 4 29 10 33

21 1 1 5 1 9

15 3 8 8 6 13 261 284 259

261 284 259

298 306 338

i07

7 4 10 133 189 203

19

21 5 2

2 21 5

7

7

15 . 10 18 15 10 18 302 208 240

5 7 35

7

101 93 115 27 25 30 27 20 28 47 48 57 412 690 790

219 407 528

105 105 155 88 178 107

3 1 3

3

1 12 43 43 43
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 121

Table 13. —Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic— Continued

[Thousands of long ions]

Asia to East Coast South America—Continued

Ores and metals —Continued

OresChrome

Other and unclassified Metals

Tin, including tinplate Other and unclassified Other agricultural commodities

Rubber, raw

Petroleum and products Gasoline Other and unclassified Miscellaneous

Glass and glassware

Oil, coconut

Resin Rubber, manufactured

Textiles

All other and unclassified Total

Asia to Cristobal, R.P.: Machinery and equipment

Electrical machinery and apparatus Other and unclassified Manufactures of iron and steel, miscellaneous Miscellaneous

Textiles

All other and unclassified Total

Asia to West Indies: Canned and refrigerated foods Canned foods, miscellaneous

Fish, refrigerated Chemicals and petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous Coal

GrainsCorn

Rice Lumber and products Boards and planks

Pulpwood

Other and unclassified Machinery and equipment

Automobiles, trucks, accessories, and parts . . . Electrical machinery and apparatus Other and unclassified Manufactures of iron and steel Plates, sheets, and coils Tubes, pipes, and fittings Other and unclassified Ores and metals

Metals, miscellaneous

24

2 22

19

280

4

12

8 254

865

24

6

181916

3

\

1 132

132

254

2

230

1,256

5434

24

!()5

5 35

15 20

193

15

7

11

1 168

1,191

6 144

16

2 6

4 10 10

16 23 21 130 114 113

3 4 7 127 110 106

152 151 150

31 51 35 20 22 23

11 29 12

5 9 6 22 17 5 75 85 79

1 74 85 79

112 139 96

70 88 67

12 16 2 30 35 27

164 164 122 139 146 88

6 5 7 19 13 27

119 203 207 47 107 110 23 40 17 49 56 80

20 13 19 14 11 18
122 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 13. —Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic —Continued

[ Thousands of lung tons]

Asia to West Indies— Continued

Ores and Metals- Continued

Ores, miscellaneous Petroleum and products

Diesel oil Other and unclassified Miscellaneous

Bricks and tile Glass and glassware

Groceries, miscellaneous Paper and paper products Porcelainware

Resin Rubber, manufactured

Textiles

All other and unclassified Total

Asia to Europf

Canned and refrigerated foods Chemicals and petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous Lumber and products

Plywood, veneers, composition board Machinery and equipment

Automobiles, trucks, accessories, and parts . . Other and unclassified Manufactures of iron and steel Plates, sheets, and coils Other and unclassified Ores and metals, miscellaneous Miscellaneous

Oil, coconut

Oil, fish Oil, vegetable

All other and unclassified Total

Asia io Africa: Canned and refrigerated foods, miscellaneous .... Machinery and equipment, miscellaneous Miscellaneous

All other and unclassified Total

1 IVHI IVXO IV79 1

6 2 1 36 37 99

6 33

30 37 66 282 268

6

182

6 6 4 3 4

2 1 4

15 2 1

1 2 3 2 3 2 4 4 6

13 13 13 235 234 143 866 9X6 850

6

11 15 22

6

2

2

1 18 44

1 18

1

43

1 66

65

27 28 83 85 58 4

37 17 3

2 1 40 67 55

128 169 176

6 6

2 4 18 2 4 18 2 4 24 10
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 123

Table 14.— Principal Canal Commodities by Direction— Fiscal Year 1981

[Long tons] A ilamu Pacific Commodity to Pacific to Atlantic Total Ammonium compounds 527,621 48,912 576,533 Asbestos 27,974 8,013 35,987 Asphalt 69,625 5,348 74,973 Automobiles, trucks, and accessories 403,556 1,393,030 1,796,586 Bananas 3,525 1,123,846 1,127,371 Barley 40,253 1,163,193 1,203,446 Beans, edible 3,310 67,438 70,748 Benzene 23,277 153,328 176,605 Borax 4,413 537,415 541,828

Bricks and tile 44,658 18,316 62,974 Canned food products 97,380 1 86,005 283,385 Carbon black 32,944 29,719 62,663

Caustic soda 822,755 5,939 828,694 Cement 219,562 9,516 229,078 Chemicals, petroleum, various 745,818 131,316 877,134 Chemicals, various 2,162,527 367,701 2,530,228

Clay, fire and china 359,434 10,574 370,008 Coal and coke (excluding petroleum coke) . 18,529,809 1,680,325 20,210,134 Cocoa and cacao beans 3,181 47,178 50,359 Coffee 28,796 498,390 527,186 Coke, petroleum 101,422 1,276,428 1,377,850 Copra and coconuts 55 47,679 47,734 Corn 10,702,866 5,957 10,708,823 Cotton raw 192,850 93,338 286,188

Fertilizers, various 1,501,284 91,365 1,592,649

Fibers, plant 47,513 17,137 64,650 Fishmeal 5,720 678,036 683,756

Flour wheat 207,654 111,748 319,402 Gasoline 1,586,184 646,728 2,232,912 Glass and glassware 43,913 48,597 92,510

Grains, various 107,721 135,755 243,476

Groceries, various 37,446 67,575 105,02

1

Infusorial earth 1,764 23,245 25,009

Jet fuel 850,855 39,164 890,019 Kerosene 57,579 2,485 60,064

Liquefied gas 333,499 5,515 339,014 Liquors 22,910 3,711 26,621 Lumber and products (excluding pulpwood) 149,915 4,121,640 4,271,555 Machinery, agricultural 100,676 19,824 120,500 Machinery, construction 1 79,885 56, 1 53 236,038 Machinery, electrical 81,074 61,872 142,946 Machinery, various 86,053 72,180 158,233 Manufactures of iron and steel 2,277,304 4,937,455 7,2 14,759 Metal, aluminum 292,066 61,331 353,397

Metal, copper 8,096 95 1,663 959,759

Metal, iron 77,933 14,902 92,835

Metal, scrap 1,190,440 4,234 1,194,674 Metals, various (including tinplate) 130,307 410,580 540,887 Molasses 651 559,973 560,624

Nitrate of soda 29,265 278,916 308,181 Oats 36,045 1,036 37,081

Oil, coconut 1,079 202,137 203,216

Oil, crude 5,153,904 31,259,471 36,413,375

Oil, diesel 1,159,374 807,598 1,966,972

Oil, fish 1,060 67,427 68,487

Oil, lube 747,269 151,367 898,636

Oil, residual fuel 984,109 3.560,319 4,544,428

Oil, vegetable 251,960 188,608 440,568

Oilseeds 79,182 124,400 203,582

Ore, alumina/ bauxite 562,531 532,648 1,095,179
124 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 14.— Principal Canal Commodities by Direction —Fiscal Year 1981 —

Continued

Commodity Ore, copper

Ore, iron Ores, various Paper and paper products

Peas, dry Petroleum and products, various Phosphates

Potash Pulpwood

Refrigerated food products

(excluding bananas)

Resin

Rice j Rubber, manufactured

Rubber, raw

Salt Seeds, excluding oilseeds

Slag, clinkers, and dross Soda and sodium compounds. .

.

Sorghum

Soybeans

Sugar

Sulfur Tallow

Textiles Tobacco and manufactures Toluene Wax, paraffin Wheat

Wool, raw

All otherTotal

[Long tons]

Atlantic

10 Pacific 47,799

8,355 483,671

1.080.010

1,372 364,825

5,123,068 93,480 477,654

467.876

237.420 462.452

50.596

6.593 86.174

1.904 58.519

82.132

2.321,142

6,733,947

1.250,338 43.953 42,219

291,712

61,076

40.031

16.040 9.344.269

1.162 6,507,176 89,318,796

Pacific

to Atlantic 597,880 422,684

2,734,916 610,379

97,114

241,151 23,060

148,922

1,494,291

2,013,843

8.215

164,858 44.167

71.320 294,105

29.319

5.270 179.674

Total 645,679 431,039

3,218.587

1,690,389 98.486

605.976

5.146,128 242,402

1,971,945

2,481,719 245,635

6"'"', no

)4 763

77,913 380,279

"51,223 61 789

261 806

2,321.142 317

2.040,027 2,349,558

1,983 57,424

1,271 17.531 13,487

3,1-55,792 44,465

5,814,244 81,902,966

6,734.264

3,290,365

2,393,511 44,202 349.136

62 347

57,562

29,527

12,500,061

'45,627 12,321,420 171,221,762
Other Statistics

125
126 OTHER STATISTICS

Table 15. —Water Supply and Usage

1 1981 1980

(A ere feel) Madden and Gatun Lake Water Supply:

Total runoff. Madden Lake Basin 2,418,577 1,577,684 Evaporation from Madden Lake 45,465 40,286 Municipal water use Madden Lake 70,893 64,879

Available for Madden Lake usage 2,302,219 1,452.519 Total runoff, Gatun Lake (area below Madden) . .

.

3,204,741 2,186,786 Subtotal 5,506,960 3,639,305 Evaporation from Gatun Lake 387,210 480,073

Available for Gatun watershed usage 5,119,750 3,159,232

Madden Lake Water Usage:

Hydroelectric power 1,720,041 1,510,284 Leakage 14,519 14,479 Spillway discharge 380,028 28,535 Municipal 70,893 64.879

Total Madden Lake usage 2.185.481 1.618,177

Gatun Lake Water Usage:

Hydroelectric power 1,821,579 1,060,399 Lockages, Gatun and Pedro Miguel 2,287,809 2,203,305 Municipal and other usages 89,986 89,912 Spillway discharge 667,746 23,095 Total Gatun Lake usage 4,867,120 3,376,711

Percent of usage

fiscal year

1981 198o'

79 93

17 2

3 4

100 100

37 31 47 65

2 3 14 1 100 100

Table 16.— Dredging Operations— Fiscal Year 1981

(Cubic yards)

Construction Dredging:

Gaillard Cut Gatun Lake

Total Maintenance Dredging:

Pacific District . . . Atlantic District .

.

Central District . . .

120,000 305,050

Total 1.014,684

Auxiliary Dredging:

Gamboa Reserve Fleet Diablo Public Ramp . Total

425,050

120,000 305,050 . . . 425.050

978,884 3,100 ... 981,984

35,800

1,014,684

154,265 ... 157.365 ... 190,065

1,172,049

23,800

53,509 23,800

53,509 77,309 77,309
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION

Table 17. — Electrical Power Generated

(Gigauatt hours! '

127

h'i\tal \ear

1981 1980 Generation: Gatun Hydro station 115 62 Madden Hydro station 206 161 Thermal generating stations 224 343 Gross generated by Panama Canal Commission 545 566

Less station service usage ( |Q) ( 13) Net total generated by Panama Canal Commission 535 553 Power Purchases: Through interconnect from Panama 21 12 Power Sales: Through interconnect to Panama (6) (4) Net power generated and purchases for Canal Area only 550 561 Other power generated by military for own use . . . . | Total Canal Area requirements 550 562 Power distributed to Canal Area customers 513 522

Distribution losses 43 40 Peak load (thousands of kilowatts) 88 93 Date of peak load Apr. 13 May 5 Canal Area load factor 2 72. 1% 68.9%

1 One gigawatt hour equal to I million kilowatt hours.

2 Total Canal Area requirements divided by number of hours per year times peak load.
128 STASTIST1CAL TABLES

Table 18. —Police Statistics

( anal Area Arrests: U.S. Jurisdiction R.P. Jurisdiction

Total

U.S. Jurisdiction Charges:

Traffic violations Misdemeanors

(drug violations: 40 85) Felonies (drug violations: 2/4)

Total *

* lotal docs not include traffic offenses which were paid in Traffic Violation Bureau

Fiseal i ear

' 1981 1980 '

257 335 926 1,017

1,183 1,352

72 159

188 202

17 25

277 386

311 75X

Table 19. —Fire StatisticsFY 1981 FY 1980

I 1 l 1 Number Sumber

el Properly nf Property

lues loss fires loss iCC 109 $12,172 139 $41,097

Armed Forces 369 34,908 363 86.744 FAA 1 Private (including ships) 85 159.865 88 624,663 R.P* 167 39 |92 7.679

I otal 730 $206,984 783 $760,183

Value of property involved in ship fires $6,362,835 $15.006. 165 Value of property involved in other fires 78.793,829 89.289.739

Calls for emergency aid ** 2,235 1 .93

1

Total number of calls (all types) responded to 3.061 2,802

* Statistics started as of October I, 1979 due to Treaty implementation.

K * Includes Tire Apparatus and Ambulance.

UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA

3 1262 08508 1809