1 | Building Technologies Program eere.energy.gov The Parker Ranch installation in Hawaii 

# BUILDING TECHNOLOGIES PROGRAM

Distribution Transformers

Energy Conservation Program LBNL Staff

U.S. Department of Energy

Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy



## November 28, 20112 | Building Technologies Program eere.energy.gov 

## Draft Engineering, Life

**- Cycle Cost, Payback Period Results for** 

**Default and ZDMH/Wound Core Exclusion Scenarios for**

**Medium Voltage Dry**

**- Type Transformers** 

Prepared for the Medium Voltage Distribution Transformers Negotiated Rulemaking Working

Group

November 28, 2011

**Contents**

• Engineering Design Options for DLs 11 & 12

• Life

- Cycle Cost Results for DLs 11 & 12

• Payback Period Results for DLs 11 & 12

• Engineering Design Options: ZDMH/SA1 Exclusion Scenario for DLs 11 &12

• Life

- Cycle Cost Sensitivity Results: ZDMH/SA1 Exclusion Scenario for DLs 11 & 12

• Payback Period Sensitivity Results: ZDMH/SA1 Exclusion Scenario for DLs 11 & 12

• National Impacts Analysis Results by Efficiency Level

• National Impacts Analysis Results by Trial Standard Level 

# Contents3 | Building Technologies Program eere.energy.gov 

## • The following LCC and PBP Results for DL 11 are based on these design

options 

# Design Line 11 Engineering

$10,000 $12,000 $14,000 $16,000 $18,000 $20,000 $22,000 $24,000 $26,000 $28,000 $30,000

98.50% 98.70% 98.90% 99.10% 99.30% 99.50% 99.70%Manufacturer Selling Price ($)

Efficiency at 50% Load, Temperature Corrected M6_CuCu_fm_3leg

M4_CuAl_fm_3leg

M4_AlAl_slm_3leg

M3_AlAl_fm_3leg

M3_AlAl_slm_3leg

M3_CuCu_fm_3leg

H0_AlAl_fm_3leg

H0_AlAl_slm_3leg

ZDMH_AlAl_dgw_3leg

H0_CuCu_fm_3leg

SA1_AlAl_dgw_3leg

SA1_CuCu_dgw_5leg

CSLs CSL 0

2007 FR CSL 1 CSL 2 CSL 3 CSL 4 CSL 5 CSL 64 | Building Technologies Program eere.energy.gov 

# • The following LCC and PBP Results for DL 12 are based on these

design options 

# Design Line 12 Engineering

$25,000 $35,000 $45,000 $55,000 $65,000 $75,000 $85,000 $95,000

99.00% 99.10% 99.20% 99.30% 99.40% 99.50% 99.60% 99.70%Manufacturer Selling Price ($)

Efficiency at 50% Load, Temperature Corrected M5_AlAl_mc_3leg

M4_CuAl_mc _3leg

M4_AlAl_slm_3leg

M3_AlAl_mc_3leg

M3_AlAl_slm_3leg

M3_CuCu_mc_3leg

H0_AlAl_mc_3leg

H0_AlAl_slm_3leg

H0_CuCu_mc_3leg

SA1_AlAl_dgw_5leg

SA1_CuCu_dgw_5leg

CSLs dEL 0

2007 FR dEL 1 dEL 2 dEL 3 dEL 4 dEL 5 dEL 6 dEL 75 | Building Technologies Program eere.energy.gov 

# Design Line 11 LCC Default Results

Efficiency Level

1 2 3 4 5 6

Efficiency (%) 98.81% 98.94% 99.06% 99.13% 99.32% 99.50%

Transformers with Net Increase in LCC (%) 32.44% 58.75% 46.61% 34.32% 46.51% 78.91%

Transformers with Net LCC Savings (%) 67.56% 41.25% 53.39% 65.68% 53.49% 21.09%

Transformers with No Impact on LCC (%) 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%

Mean LCC Savings ($) 490

- 203 449 1317 743

- 3731

Median LCC Savings ($) 421

- 487 273 1083 343

- 4413

- 15000 - 10000

- 5000 0 5000 10000

EL 1 EL 2 EL 3 EL 4 EL 5 EL 6**Average LCC Savings ($)**

**Efficiency Level Design Line 11 Average LCC Savings** 

**Average; Median; Box 25%**

**- 75%; Whisker 5%** 

**- 95%**  median

average6 | Building Technologies Program eere.energy.gov 

# Design Line 12 LCC Default Results

Efficiency Level

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Efficiency (%) 99.21% 99.30% 99.39% 99.46% 99.53% 99.59% 99.63%

Transformers with Net Increase in LCC (%) 5.42% 7.47% 28.64% 19.65% 26.43% 48.86% 80.64%

Transformers with Net LCC Savings (%) 94.58% 92.53% 71.36% 80.35% 73.57% 51.14% 19.36%

Transformers with No Impact on LCC (%) 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%

Mean LCC Savings ($) 5056 7388 5300 8495 8170 1898

- 12204

Median LCC Savings ($) 4695 6794 4231 7585 6983 335

- 14093

- 40000 - 30000 - 20000 - 10000 0 10000 20000 30000 40000

EL 1 EL 2 EL 3 EL 4 EL 5 EL 6 EL 7**Average LCC Savings ($)**

**Efficiency Level Design Line 12 Average LCC Savings** 

**Average; Median; Box 25%**

**- 75%; Whisker 5%** 

**- 95%**  median

average7 | Building Technologies Program eere.energy.gov 

# Design Line 11 PBP Default Results

Efficiency Level

1 2 3 4 5 6

Mean Payback (Years) 17.0 26.9 20.4 16.4 18.6 27.0

Median Payback (Years) 14.4 20.2 17.5 16.0 18.0 25.6

Transformers having Well Defined Payback (%) 98.08% 97.59% 99.98% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

Transformers having Undefined Payback (%) 1.92% 2.41% 0.02% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%

Mean Retail Cost ($) 21,918 23,687 25,960 26,283 28,930 34,965

Mean Installation Costs ($) 4,090 4,434 4,342 4,295 4,622 5,206

Mean Operating Costs ($) 978 901 748 687 557 441

Mean Incremental First Cost ($) 1,629 3,742 5,922 6,199 9,172 15,792

Mean Operating Cost Savings ($) 114 191 344 406 535 651

Payback of Average Transformer 14.2 19.6 17.2 15.3 17.1 24.3

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

EL 1 EL 2 EL 3 EL 4 EL 5 EL 6**Average Payback Period (years)**

**Efficiency Level Design Line 11 Average Payback Period** 

**Average; Median; Box 25%**

**- 75%; Whisker 5%** 

**- 95%**  median

average8 | Building Technologies Program eere.energy.gov 

# Design Line 12 PBP Default Results

Efficiency Level

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Mean Payback (Years) 6.0 9.0 15.3 13.6 14.8 19.1 27.1

Median Payback (Years) 4.8 8.1 14.1 13.3 14.4 18.4 25.8

Transformers having Well Defined Payback (%) 99.11% 99.96% 99.97% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

Transformers having Undefined Payback (%) 0.89% 0.04% 0.03% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%

Mean Retail Cost ($) 55,185 58,786 66,562 70,541 75,492 84,501 99,657

Mean Installation Costs ($) 7,146 7,231 7,820 8,316 8,636 9,322 10,269

Mean Operating Costs ($) 2,971 2,646 2,308 1,893 1,627 1,442 1,334

Mean Incremental First Cost ($) 1,743 5,430 13,794 18,270 23,540 33,235 49,339

Mean Operating Cost Savings ($) 367 692 1,030 1,444 1,711 1,895 2,003

Payback of Average Transformer 4.7 7.9 13.4 12.7 13.8 17.5 24.6

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

EL 1 EL 2 EL 3 EL 4 EL 5 EL 6 EL 7**Average Payback Period (years)**

**Efficiency Level Design Line 12 Average Payback Period** 

**Average; Median; Box 25%**

**- 75%; Whisker 5%** 

**- 95%**  median

average9 | Building Technologies Program eere.energy.gov • The ZDMH/SA1 Exclusion Scenario LCC and PBP Results for DL 11 are based on this reduced set of design options 

# Design Line 11 Engineering, Wound

Core Exclusion Scenario

$10,000 $12,000 $14,000 $16,000 $18,000 $20,000 $22,000 $24,000 $26,000 $28,000 $30,000

98.50% 98.70% 98.90% 99.10% 99.30% 99.50% 99.70%Manufacturer Selling Price ($)

Efficiency at 50% Load, Temperature Corrected M6_CuCu_fm_3leg

M4_CuAl_fm_3leg

M4_AlAl_slm_3leg

M3_AlAl_fm_3leg

M3_AlAl_slm_3leg

M3_CuCu_fm_3leg

H0_AlAl_fm_3leg

H0_AlAl_slm_3leg

H0_CuCu_fm_3leg

CSLs CSL 0

2007 FR CSL 1 CSL 2 CSL 3 CSL 4 CSL 5 CSL 610 | Building Technologies Program eere.energy.gov • The Wound Core Exclusion Scenario LCC and PBP Results for DL 12 are based on this reduced set of design options 

# Design Line 12 Engineering, Wound

Core Exclusion Scenario

$25,000 $35,000 $45,000 $55,000 $65,000 $75,000 $85,000 $95,000

99.00% 99.10% 99.20% 99.30% 99.40% 99.50% 99.60% 99.70%Manufacturer Selling Price ($)

Efficiency at 50% Load, Temperature Corrected M5_AlAl_mc_3leg

M4_CuAl_mc _3leg

M4_AlAl_slm_3leg

M3_AlAl_mc_3leg

M3_AlAl_slm_3leg

M3_CuCu_mc_3leg

H0_AlAl_mc_3leg

H0_AlAl_slm_3leg

H0_CuCu_mc_3leg

CSLs dEL 0

2007 FR dEL 1 dEL 2 dEL 3 dEL 4 dEL 5 dEL 6 dEL 711 | Building Technologies Program eere.energy.gov 

# Design Line 11 LCC Wound Core

Exclusion Scenario Results

Efficiency Level

1 2 3 4 5 6

Efficiency (%) 98.81% 98.94% 99.06% 99.13% 99.32% 99.50%

Transformers with Net Increase in LCC (%) 31.08% 58.66% 65.58% 77.84% 0.00% 0.00%

Transformers with Net LCC Savings (%) 68.92% 41.34% 34.42% 22.16% 0.00% 0.00%

Transformers with No Impact on LCC (%) 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%

Mean LCC Savings ($) 524 -196 -770 -2175 NA NA

Median LCC Savings ($) 449 -481 -1185 -2629 NA NA

- 8000 - 6000 - 4000 - 2000 0 2000 4000 6000

EL 1 EL 2 EL 3 EL 4 EL 5 EL 6**Average LCC Savings ($)**

**Efficiency Level Design Line 11 Average LCC Savings** 

**Average; Median; Box 25%**

**- 75%; Whisker 5%** 

**- 95%**  median

average12 | Building Technologies Program eere.energy.gov 

# Design Line 12 LCC Wound Core

Exclusion Scenario Results

Efficiency Level

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Efficiency (%) 99.21% 99.30% 99.39% 99.46% 99.53% 99.59% 99.63%

Transformers with Net Increase in LCC (%) 5.42% 7.47% 31.51% 73.11% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%

Transformers with Net LCC Savings (%) 94.58% 92.53% 68.49% 26.89% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%

Transformers with No Impact on LCC (%) 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%

Mean LCC Savings ($) 5056 7388 4743 -5340 NA NA NA

Median LCC Savings ($) 4695 6794 3704 -6763 NA NA NA

- 25000 - 20000 - 15000 - 10000

- 5000 0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000

EL 1 EL 2 EL 3 EL 4 EL 5 EL 6 EL 7**Average LCC Savings ($)**

**Efficiency Level Design Line 12 Average LCC Savings** 

**Average; Median; Box 25%**

**- 75%; Whisker 5%** 

**- 95%**  median

average13 | Building Technologies Program eere.energy.gov 

# Design Line 11 PBP Wound Core

Exclusion Scenario Results

Efficiency Level

1 2 3 4 5 6

Mean Payback (Years) 16.5 26.9 27.4 31.7 NA NA

Median Payback (Years) 14.2 20.2 22.2 26.5 NA NA

Transformers having Well Defined Payback (%) 98.32% 97.58% 99.74% 99.99% 0.00% 0.00%

Transformers having Undefined Payback (%) 1.68% 2.42% 0.26% 0.01% 0.00% 0.00%

Mean Retail Cost ($) 21,915 23,680 25,984 27,814 NA NA

Mean Installation Costs ($) 4,114 4,432 4,475 4,810 NA NA

Mean Operating Costs ($) 975 901 806 765 NA NA

Mean Incremental First Cost ($) 1,650 3,733 6,079 8,244 NA NA

Mean Operating Cost Savings ($) 117 191 286 327 NA NA

Payback of Average Transformer 14.1 19.6 21.2 25.2 NA NA

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

EL 1 EL 2 EL 3 EL 4 EL 5 EL 6**Average Payback Period (years)**

**Efficiency Level Design Line 11 Average Payback Period** 

**Average; Median; Box 25%**

**- 75%; Whisker 5%** 

**- 95%**  median

average14 | Building Technologies Program eere.energy.gov 

# Design Line 12 PBP Wound Core

Exclusion Scenario Results

Efficiency Level

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Mean Payback (Years) 6.0 9.0 16.1 26.3 NA NA NA

Median Payback (Years) 4.8 8.1 14.4 23.9 NA NA NA

Transformers having Well Defined Payback (%) 99.11% 99.96% 99.96% 100.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%

Transformers having Undefined Payback (%) 0.89% 0.04% 0.04% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%

Mean Retail Cost ($) 55,185 58,786 66,461 80,522 NA NA NA

Mean Installation Costs ($) 7,146 7,231 7,769 8,761 NA NA NA

Mean Operating Costs ($) 2,971 2,646 2,346 2,078 NA NA NA

Mean Incremental First Cost ($) 1,743 5,430 13,643 28,695 NA NA NA

Mean Operating Cost Savings ($) 367 692 992 1,260 NA NA NA

Payback of Average Transformer 4.7 7.9 13.8 22.8 NA NA NA

- 25000 - 20000 - 15000 - 10000

- 5000 0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000

EL 1 EL 2 EL 3 EL 4 EL 5 EL 6 EL 7**Average LCC Savings ($)**

**Efficiency Level Design Line 12 Average LCC Savings** 

**Average; Median; Box 25%**

**- 75%; Whisker 5%** 

**- 95%**  median

average15 | Building Technologies Program eere.energy.gov 

# National Impacts Summary Results

for MVDT, by Efficiency Level

Summary Results by Efficiency Level for Medium Voltage Dry

- Type Transformers

Efficiency Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer Shipments 2015

- 2044 (Billion KVA) 0.223 0.224 0.223 0.223 0.223 0.222 0.221 0.221

Equipment Cost Savings ($ Billions) 4.661 0.198

- 0.036

- 0.637

- 0.846

- 2.245

- 3.139

- 4.130

Operating Cost Savings ($ Billions) 5.669 0.949 1.553 2.135 2.685 2.657 3.081 3.247

Cumulative Source Savings 2044 (Quads) 0.107 0.176 0.242 0.299 0.296 0.348 0.368

Net Present Value at 3% Discount Rate

($Billions) 1.146 1.517 1.498 1.839 0.412

- 0.057

- 0.883

Net Present Value at 7% Discount Rate

($Billions) 0.403 0.475 0.352 0.419

- 0.308

- 0.632

- 1.08816 | Building Technologies Program eere.energy.gov 

# Summary Results by EL for Equipment Class 7 

# National Impacts Results for MVDT,

by Efficiency Level

Summary Results by EL for Equipment Class 8 Efficiency Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer Shipments 2015

- 2044 (Billion KVA) 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005

Equipment Cost Savings ($ Billions) 0.0147 0.0029 0.0027 0.0015 0.0025

- 0.0080

- 0.0112

- 0.0141

Operating Cost Savings ($ Billions) 0.0161 0.0055 0.0072 0.0085 0.0102 0.0072 0.0086 0.0091

Cumulative Source Savings 2044 (Quads) 0.0006 0.0008 0.0010 0.0011 0.0008 0.0010 0.0010

Net Present Value at 3% Discount Rate ($Billions) 0.0083 0.0099 0.0100 0.0127

- 0.0008

- 0.0026

- 0.0050

Net Present Value at 7% Discount Rate ($Billions) 0.0032 0.0037 0.0035 0.0045

- 0.0018

- 0.0030

- 0.0043

Efficiency Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer Shipments 2015

- 2044 (Billion KVA) 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.17

Equipment Cost Savings ($ Billions) 3.70 0.13

- 0.04

- 0.50

- 0.67

- 1.60

- 2.22

- 3.18

Operating Cost Savings ($ Billions) 4.38 0.72 1.17 1.60 2.09 2.17 2.45 2.60

Cumulative Source Savings 2044 (Quads) 0.08 0.13 0.18 0.23 0.24 0.28 0.29

Net Present Value at 3% Discount Rate ($Billions) 0.85 1.13 1.09 1.43 0.57 0.23

- 0.58

Net Present Value at 7% Discount Rate ($Billions) 0.30 0.35 0.25 0.32

- 0.13

- 0.36

- 0.8117 | Building Technologies Program eere.energy.gov 

### EC 7 **EC 8**

**DL11 DL12** 

**TSL1** EL 4 EL 4

**TSL2** EL 4 EL 4

**TSL3** EL 4 EL 3

**TSL4** EL 4 EL 4

**TSL5** EL 5 EL 5

**TSL6** EL 6 EL 7 

# Proposed Trial Standard Levels

and Mapping of TSLs to ELs

The following draft Trial Standard Levels are presented for discussion.

Draft Trial Standard Levels (TSLs) Description

1. Minimum LCC / Max NPV

2. Max Energy Savings with positive (or near zero) NPV at 3% discount rate

3. 30% Reduction in Operating Costs

4. Materials constraint (greatest LCC Savings with M3 steel available as a

design option)

5. Materials constraint plus (gap

- fill between TSL 4 and TSL 6)

6. Maximum Technology18 | Building Technologies Program eere.energy.gov 

# National Impacts Results for MVDT

, by Trial Standard Level

Summary Results by TSL for Medium

- Voltage Dry

- Type Transformers



# Draft Trial Standard Levels (TSLs) Description

1. Minimum LCC / Max NPV

2. Max Energy Savings with positive (or near zero) NPV at 3% discount

rate

3. 30% Reduction in Operating Costs

4. Materials constraint (greatest LCC Savings with M3 steel available as

a design option)

5. Materials constraint plus (gap

- fill between TSL 4 and TSL 6)

6. Maximum Technology Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6

Transformer Shipments 2015

- 2044 (Billion KVA) 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22

Equipment Cost Savings ($ Billions) 4.66

- 1.02

- 0.95

- 0.64

- 0.85

- 2.25

- 4.11

Operating Cost Savings ($ Billions) 5.67 2.59 2.63 2.14 2.68 2.66 3.23

Cumulative Source Savings 2044 (Quads) 0.29 0.29 0.24 0.30 0.30 0.37

Net Present Value at 3% Discount Rate ($Billions) 1.57 1.68 1.50 1.83 0.41

- 0.88

Net Present Value at 7% Discount Rate ($Billions) 0.30 0.35 0.35 0.42

- 0.31

- 1.0819 | Building Technologies Program eere.energy.gov 

# Summary Results by TSL for Equipment Class 7 

# National Impacts Results for MVDT,

by Trial Standard Level

Summary Results by TSL for Equipment Class 8 Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6

Transformer Shipments 2015

- 2044 (Billion KVA) 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005

Equipment Cost Savings ($ Billions) 0.0147 0.0003 0.0011 0.0015 0.0025

- 0.0080

- 0.0141

Operating Cost Savings ($ Billions) 0.0161 0.0090 0.0095 0.0088 0.0102 0.0072 0.0091

Cumulative Source Savings 2044 (Quads) 0.0010 0.0011 0.0010 0.0011 0.0008 0.0010

Net Present Value at 3% Discount Rate ($Billions) 0.0093 0.0106 0.0103 0.0127

- 0.0008

- 0.0050

Net Present Value at 7% Discount Rate ($Billions) 0.0030 0.0036 0.0036 0.0045

- 0.0018

- 0.0043

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6

Transformer Shipments 2015

- 2044 (Billion KVA) 0.1731 0.1724 0.1724 0.1726 0.1725 0.1718 0.1709

Equipment Cost Savings ($ Billions) 3.7032

- 0.8052

- 0.7521

- 0.5055

- 0.6652

- 1.6005

- 3.1830

Operating Cost Savings ($ Billions) 4.3764 2.0184 2.0462 1.6013 2.0916 2.1673 2.6024

Cumulative Source Savings 2044 (Quads) 0.2223 0.2255 0.1805 0.2307 0.2407 0.2937

Net Present Value at 3% Discount Rate ($Billions) 1.2132 1.2940 1.0958 1.4264 0.5667

- 0.5806

Net Present Value at 7% Discount Rate ($Billions) 0.2286 0.2646 0.2498 0.3237

- 0.1325

- 0.8067