FILED

U.S. COURT OF APPEALS

ELEVENTH CIRCUIT

September 8, 2006

THOMAS K. KAHN

CLERK

[DO NOT PUBLISH]

IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT

________________________

No. 06-11391

Non-Argument Calendar

________________________

BIA Nos. A96-271-426 & A96-271-427

GUSTAVO ADOLFO RESTREPO-VELASQUEZ, 

LUCE ALBA BEDOYA-BEDOYA, 

ALEJANDRA RESTREPO-BEDOYA, 

SANTIAGO RESTREPO-BEDOYA, 

Petitioners, 

versus 

U.S. ATTORNEY GENERAL, 

Respondent. 

________________________

Petition for Review of a Decision of the

Board of Immigration Appeals

_________________________

(September 8, 2006)

Before TJOFLAT, MARCUS and PRYOR, Circuit Judges.

PER CURIAM:
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Gustavo Adolfo Restrepo-Velasquez, a native and citizen of Colombia,

petitions for review of a decision of the Board of Immigration Appeals that

affirmed the denial of his application for asylum. Other members of RestrepoVelasquez’s family depend on his application. Restrepo-Velasquez argues that the

BIA erred because the decision of the Immigration Judge is not supported by

substantial evidence. We deny Restrepo-Velasquez’s petition. 

I. BACKGROUND

In December 2002, Restrepo-Velasquez entered the United States as a nonimmigrant visitor. Within a month of his arrival, Restrepo-Velasquez filed an

application for asylum and withholding of removal that alleged persecution by the

Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) and the United Self-Defense

Forces of Colombia (AUC). Restrepo-Velasquez alleged that the FARC and AUC

persecuted him based on his activities with “Project for the Future,” which is a

branch of the Conservative Party. 

Restrepo-Velasquez asserted several incidents of persecution. RestrepoVelasquez alleged that in December 2000, the FARC telephoned his business and

warned him to discontinue his political activities. Restrepo-Velasquez also alleged

that the FARC demanded extortion money from him every six months starting in

June 2001. Restrepo-Velasquez asserted that, in April 2001, AUC members

demanded that he join their group because his lucrative business would help fund
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their organization. Restrepo-Velasquez also alleged that, in January 2002, the

FARC burst into his office told him and his secretary to discontinue RestrepoVelasquez’s participation in Project for the Future. Restrepo-Velasquez also

asserted that, in June 2002, the FARC threatened his son at Restrepo-Velasquez’s

place of business. Restrepo-Velasquez alleged that, in September 2002, the AUC

demanded money from him. 

Restrepo-Velasquez alleged that in October 2002, he was kidnapped and

beaten by a group of men. As Restrepo-Velasquez left a meeting that supported a

Conservative councilwoman, a group of men threw Restrepo-Velasquez into the

back of a car, drove him to an undetermined location, stripped him, and beat him. 

According to Restrepo-Velasquez, the men demanded that he discontinue his work

for Project for the Future and pay money to the FARC. The men left after

Restrepo-Velasquez offered them 50 million pesos. Restrepo-Velasquez submitted

a medical certificate from his doctor to show that he suffered injuries on his face,

back, left side, shoulder, right arm, and right leg. 

The IJ denied Restrepo-Velasquez’s application. The IJ found that

Restrepo-Velasquez failed to establish a nexus between his political activities and

the extortionate activities of the FARC and AUC. The IJ stated that “all the

documents submitted by [Restrepo-Velasquez] concerning the alleged threats refer

to a threat of extortion and none of these documents mention any crimes against
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[him] or death threats or kidnappings on account of [his] political . . . activities.” 

The IJ also found that Restrepo-Velasquez’s political activities with Project for the

Future were “scant” and he failed to explain why the FARC did not persecute other

members of Project for the Future. The IJ concluded that extortion, not political

opinion, motivated the incidents Restrepo-Velasquez alleged. The BIA affirmed

the decision of the IJ without opinion.

II. STANDARD OF REVIEW

We review the decision of the BIA, except to the extent that the BIA

expressly adopts the decision of the IJ. Al Najjar v. Ashcroft, 257 F.3d 1262, 1284

(11th Cir. 2001). “Findings of fact made by . . . the [Immigration Judge] may be

reversed by this Court only when the record compels a reversal; the mere fact that

the record may support a contrary conclusion is not enough to justify a reversal of

the administrative findings.” Tan v. U.S. Att’y Gen., 446 F.3d 1369, 1374 (11th

Cir. 2006) (alterations in original) (internal citations omitted). 

III. DISCUSSION

To apply for asylum, an alien must be a “refugee.” 8 U.S.C. § 1158(b)(1). 

A “refugee” is any person who is unable to return to his home country “because of

[past] persecution or a well-founded fear of [future] persecution on account of race,

religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group, or political opinion.”

Id. § 1101(a)(42)(A); 8 C.F.R. § 208.13(b). “[P]ersecution is an extreme concept,
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requiring more than a few isolated incidents of verbal harassment or intimidation.” 

Sepulveda v. U.S. Att’y Gen., 401 F.3d 1226, 1231 (11th Cir. 2004). To establish

persecution based on political opinion, the applicant must present “specific,

detailed facts showing a good reason to fear that he or she will be singled out for

persecution on account of such an opinion.” Id. at 1231. Restrepo-Velasquez

failed to establish that he suffered persecution “on account of . . . [his] political

opinion.” 8 U.S.C. § 1101(a)(42)(A). 

Restrepo-Velasquez argues that the extortion threats were motivated in part

by his activities with Project for the Future, but there are two problems with this

argument. First, except for the kidnapping and assault in October 2002, the

incidents in which Restrepo-Velasquez alleged that references were made to his

political activities did not rise to the level of persecution because they were no

“more than a few isolated incidents of verbal harassment of intimidation.” 

Sepulveda, 401 F.3d at 1231. Second, although the kidnapping and beating

incident in October 2002 rises to the level of persecution, the record does not

compel the conclusion that this incident was motivated by his political activities. 

See Tan, 446 F.3d at 1374. Restrepo-Velasquez testified that the men left after he

offered them money, and the IJ found that “none of the documents mention any

crimes against [him] . . . on account of [his] political or social activities.” 

Although Restrepo-Velasquez contends that the IJ erroneously relied on the
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absence of evidence that other participants in Project for the Future were

persecuted, the record does not compel the conclusion that Restrepo-Velasquez

was harassed on the basis of his political opinion. Substantial evidence still

supports the conclusion of the IJ that the extortion threats were criminal activities,

not based on Restrepo-Velasquez’s political activities. 

Restrepo-Velasquez also failed to establish “a well-founded fear of [future]

persecution . . . on account of . . . [his] political opinion.” 8 U.S.C. §

1101(a)(42)(A). The record does not compel the conclusion that RestrepoVelasquez would be persecuted based upon his political activities. Evidence of

Restrepo-Velasquez’s political participation was “scant,” and most of the incidents

that Restrepo-Velasquez alleged were related to extortion, not his political

activities. Substantial evidence supports the conclusion of the IJ that RestrepoVelasquez failed to establish a well-founded fear of future persecution. 

IV. CONCLUSION

Restrepo-Velasquez’s petition for review is 

DENIED.